UCCESS 
 
 with 
 
 i 
 
 Pedigreed 
 
 R-EDS 
 
 4 
 
 §• 
 
SUCCESS 
 
 WITH 
 
 PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 BY 
 
 MRS. H. A. DANIELS 
 grafton!' mass. 
 
 Mrs. H. A. Daniels 
 
 »* 
 
 ILLUSTRATED BY 
 
 J. A. QUINN 
 
 N. GRAFTON, MASS. 
 
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Copyrighted. 1922 
 
 POULTRY BREEDERS PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 Waverly. Iowa 
 
 
 4tev\ 
 
Introduction 
 
 In placing- this book before tlie poultry world I make 
 no pretense of its being a treatise on ''How to Succeed" 
 
 1. — Home of Daniels' Pedigreed Reds, showing Hodgson Baby 
 Chick house battery of brooders. Mrs. Daniels at right. 
 
 2. — View of Daniels' office, not showing all of file nor mimeo- 
 graph. 
 
 nor as a text book on the breeding of Rhode Island Reds. 
 It is simply a story, imperfectly told, of the work we have 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 done, or better — the work we have commenced to do in the 
 combinino- of high production with Standard qualities in 
 Rhode Island Reds. 
 
 Many things in the foUowing pages may be somewhat 
 contradictory to the experiences of others, but this only 
 proves that there is no ONE road to success, especially 
 when dealing with old Mother Nature. Every day we 
 find changes necessary and learn new things about the 
 work. This will account in many instances for the in- 
 completeness of the material. We are still learning. Fully 
 believing that there are many people interested in quality 
 before quantity to wdiom this book will offer some suggest- 
 ions of value and assistance, I present the same for your 
 criticisms. 
 
 0^ 
 
 8. — Showing laying-breeding liouses. Note the heavy growth all 
 about the buildings. 
 
 4. — Artificial shade for baby chicks. 
 
 5. — Protected comer for Hodgson baby chick house, 
 drinking fountain for ir.ilk and iron pins to hold fence. 
 
 Note Ideal 
 
t"!. 
 
 
 O 
 
 A Short Biograph^l^iSfcet'ck" ' 
 
 I do not intend to say any mclfeOal*oi|t our personal 
 affairs than is necessary to supply a few connecting links 
 to make our work clearer than it would be in its various 
 stages without. Many books are made more humanly in- 
 teresting by the addition of some of the actual life of 
 the writers and, in the work which we are doing, our home 
 life has been closely interwoven. Real people with their 
 troubles and their problems are so much more interesting 
 than imaginary persons in the third person. 
 
 Experience, to lielj) others, must have a living vital 
 interest, Avitli plent}^ of local color and every-day back- 
 ground. This I am using Avherever it will make our ex- 
 periences more interesting to the average reader. I have 
 tried in every possible way to keep away from everything 
 technical and complicated and to tell our work in a w^ay 
 to couA ince anyone that it is entirely within the power of 
 any conscientious person with application and willing- 
 ness to persevere and WORK. 
 
 Both Mr. Daniels and I have loved cliickens all our 
 lives. I consider this very essential in being successful 
 with them. The real love of any work is a pretty safe 
 capital. 
 
 As a young lad Mr. Daniels made a back yard flock his 
 chief interest and spent most of his spare time caring for 
 them after school houi's. AVhen he was about fourteen he 
 made his first trip away from home, going from Grafton 
 to Natick, Mass., to the home of Henry Felcli, brother of 
 T. Iv. Felch the originator of the Felch Strain of Light 
 Brahmas. At this time the Light Brahma was at the 
 pinnacle of its glory and ]Mr. Daniels went to get hatching 
 eggs. He often tells Iioav Pleury Felch left his cutting 
 block in the shoe shop, after reading the letter of intro- 
 duction presented by young Daniels, and took him to his 
 home, spending the rest of the day in the pens and incu- 
 bator room with him. Before he left for home Mr. Felch 
 took him to the poultry houses and directly from the nests 
 picked the eggs to fill his order, marking them and in- 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 structing him how to mate the resulting chicks. I often 
 think this example which made such an impression on his 
 mind at that time has been very instrumental in the help 
 given many a young lad or beginner later in life with 
 REDS. 
 
 During the succeeding years several popular breeds 
 were kept, and, boy-lil^e he took up the moment's favorite. 
 As school days ended and work along mechanical lines 
 was taken up, the time for poultry work grcAv less and 
 finally ceased. However, tlie fever was firmly implanted in 
 his system and broke out ancAV at the first opportunity. 
 
 Twelve years after the arrival in Grafton of young- 
 Daniels another chicken crank came into this world — a 
 thin, almost puny youngster, about whose health there had 
 always been a doubt. A Avise mother, realizing the value 
 of ont-door life, practically turned her out with the chick- 
 ens and she grew much more rugged. The home of this 
 youngster was a farm half a mile from the nearest neigh- 
 bor and, as there were no brothers or sisters, she took up 
 the next most interesting things for chums, the chickens. 
 Dolls were too inanimate. The mother noted the interest 
 in the chickens and decided that along with the benefit 
 of the out-of-door life could be combined some lessons in 
 responsibility and kindness and gradually the care of the 
 poultry was placed in the child's hands, always under 
 supervision but not the kind that made the work an or- 
 deal, but rather a great privilege. 
 
 Many things were learned about poultry that never 
 would have come through the ordinary channels. Their 
 individuality was noticed and studied and early in life 
 this little girl realized that birds have individual iden- 
 tities. 
 
 One instance never forgotten either by herself or her 
 |)laymates, such as came to see her, was a Barred Rock 
 cockerel which she trained to hitch to a tiny wagon. When 
 this was going on the dolls were resurrected and used as 
 passengers. A little harness was made of odds and ends 
 and a doll carriage smashed to get the running gear, which 
 was nailed to a wooden salt box, two sticks making shafts 
 into which the cockerel Avould back and stand to ])e hitch- 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 ed. The year that this cockerel had the center of the 
 stage the girl, then abont nine years old, was the scorn 
 of all the other little girls, but the envy of the boys. Later 
 the bird became ugly, as is the case with many unusually 
 tame and docile animals as they grow older. 
 
 All this took place in Northboro, less than ten miles 
 from G]'afton, and Avhen this girl was abont twelve years 
 old the farm was left and a change to the city of Worcester 
 made. No chickens were possible for several yeai's and 
 school and work soon took up about all the time. Occa- 
 sional visits to the country to relatives and. friends kept 
 her a little in touch \\ith country life. 
 
 However, very little was learned in any way about 
 chicks during this time and in 1905 an entire stop was put 
 to all work in the girl's life for eleven years, as in that 
 year the mother became a helpless paralytic and all else 
 had to be laid aside for these last years of loving minis- 
 tration. 
 
 Change after change took place until in 1912 the fam- 
 ily came to Grafton to live and the life romance of the two 
 chicken cranks was commenced. 
 
 Daniels had been hammering out horseshoes for about 
 thirteen years for the Grafton horses. In 1913 they met 
 and were friendly for quite a long time before each dis- 
 covered that the other was interested in poultry in any 
 degree. 
 
 The father of the girl (getting along to be a pretty old 
 girl) resumed his interest in Barred Rocks as soon as he 
 was settled in the country and considerable of the work of 
 caring for them fell to the girl, as he was away during the 
 day. Little by little chickens became a topic of conversa- 
 tion between Daniels and this girl. 
 
 Her interest became more intense from day to day, 
 paving the way to the future worlv. With the renewed 
 interest in poidtry work, which was now carried on with 
 a view to helping out the household funds, came a degree 
 of success on a small ?-cale. The comradeship between the 
 three, Daniels and the girl and her dad, became cemented 
 as this was made more or less of a study. This interest in 
 birds grew until almost no other topic of conversation was 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 dwelt upon. It ended suddenly and tragically by the fail- 
 ure one morning of the father to respond to the call of tIh: 
 helpless mother and the finding by the girl that he had 
 gone to the Great Beyond. After this loss the mother fail- 
 ed rapidly and joined liim five months after. This loss 
 brought the girl and Mr. Daniels permanently together 
 and poultry work was made a part of their very life from 
 that time on. 
 
 At first it was only intended to make the poultry kept 
 pay in a measure some of the household expenses, but,, like 
 many other things which commence in a small way and 
 grow so rapidly, this soon became an all absorbing and 
 very good paying business. 
 
 The start was made tlie year of the foot and mouth 
 disease with the first birds, Avhich were Barred Rocks. 
 Mr. Daniels had talked ^'liens'- so much during the pre- 
 ceding year that he felt he must own some, so he sent to 
 a New York dealei- in portable poultry houses and got the 
 first section of a l()x20 house — this section being ten feet 
 wide and sixteen feet deep. After the house was ordered 
 a search for pullets was made and only one lot could be 
 found. They were, as before stated. Barred KoclvS, Afier 
 they were bought it Avas necessary to send to the State 
 House for a. pei'mit to move them because of the foot and 
 mouth disease. The house was not ready and the man 
 from whom tliey Avere bought needed the room so a stable 
 in a barn was obtained and finally they Avere moved to tfiis 
 temporary place aAv^aiting the house. In due time this 
 came and was set and the pullets moved and settled doAvn 
 to business. I could write some very funny expei'ieuces 
 Ave had during the first year in getting under Avay. How, 
 in setting the house, we rushed roofing ])aper on the build- 
 ing Avhen we found boards Avere not sufficient, and all 
 manner of amateurisli stunts, but I feel many writers 
 have covered this ground for the amusement of many read- 
 ers and I would rather go into the real work as it came 
 along in the succeeding months. All beginners h) any 
 Avork do foolish tilings, so why enumerate on them? 
 
 The tAventy-five Barred Rocks did splendidly in produc- 
 tion. EverA^ one began telling us, '-'Hens ahvaA\-< lav wvOl 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 ilie first year in a new house; better tlian tliej ever will 
 figain". We could not see just why this should be, but it 
 does so prove in many cases and our subse(j[uent ex]»erionce 
 has proven to us that it is because the first yeai' is usually 
 the only year that the house is really clean. 
 
 The next year Ave added another section the same size 
 as the first to the house and decided to try a pen of l»eds 
 along with the Rocks. We bought a hundred month-old 
 chicks from the Sycamore Farm in this town and a hun- 
 dred Barred Rocks from the same source that supplied the 
 first lot of Rocks the year previous. These were brooded 
 in the two E. C Young combination houses the same as 
 shown in cuts of range houses. The old style circular 
 hover with kerosene lamp was used to furnish heat. All 
 did well with only normal losses and trouble:^ and the ])ul- 
 lets laid extremely well but it just seemed that the Reds 
 did a little better and were more consistent producers. 
 
 The next year our enthusiasm increased and we added 
 another 20x16 house, in two pens. This season we d<.d not 
 have pullets enough so we bought here and there as we 
 could get healthy birds as we felt we must have each pen 
 filled to capacity. We had no idea of quality at that rime 
 as quantity and the use of housing to its very limit was the 
 first consideration. 
 
 I well remember among other amusing things that hap- 
 pened during our search for well developed pullets, how 
 we obtained a few from one party in a nearby town. After 
 we got them home and had looked them over — noting many 
 good points among them — we wrote the raiser, asldng him 
 what strain they were from and he replied that he did 
 not know, but the only strain he ever knew of in connec- 
 tion with them Avas the strain on his pocket-book for tlnnr 
 feed. I believe I could write a book filled with the amus- 
 ing things that have happened as we have always had the 
 happy faculty of seeing the joke even when it was on us as 
 often happens with the poultry man during his novitiate. 
 
 During this same year we commenced breeding a little. 
 Some of the Sycamore Farm pullets looked pretty good to 
 us and, as we had been reading the Rhode Island Red 
 Journal we had become interested in better looking Reds. 
 
10 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 Like all other novices we felt we had to have "new blood" 
 and commenced looking through advertisements to make 
 the selection of a plant from which to purchase a male. 
 Owen Farms advertisements were very attractive and the 
 plant being located in the same state we made our final 
 decision on that, which proved to be a good one. 
 
 We made our initial purchase in the shape of a cock- 
 erel. Not a high-priced bird as we now estimate and real- 
 ize the value of good birds; but this male turned out to be 
 a very fine breeding proposition. Just as a clew to our 
 total lack of knoAvledge of really high-class Reds, let me 
 say that in our first correspondence witli Owen Farms 
 we did not know tliat a good female was supposed to have 
 black ticking in hackle. 
 
 In October, 191G, this cockerel came. He was looked 
 over by many in our neighborhood and we felt he was a 
 good buy. His good depth of color was a revelation to us. 
 Watching this bird and his style became an absorbing in- 
 terest to us and as we studied him, we finally decided to 
 get some females from the same source to mate to him. 
 The last week in October tlie four hens decided upon ar- 
 rived and on November- 2, 1910, laid the first egg, which 
 was laid by No. 1, the REAL hen of the four and whose 
 blood today floAvs through about every bird in our mat- 
 ings. 
 
 Meanwhile we had added to our equipment an 8x12 
 E. C. Young shed-roof house which we had used for brood- 
 ing. At this time we added on another similar section 
 making a house 8x24 feet. In this house, which was divid- 
 ed into four pens, and these birds were placed in one pen 
 with every second day in one of the others. A careful 
 record of the production of this pen was kept, commencing 
 November 2, 1010, and ending November 2, 1917, and at 
 the end of tliis time it was found that these four hens had 
 produced 7()8 eggs or an average of 192 eggs eacli in their 
 second laying year. Two of these hens appeared to us to 
 be better as layers and as individuals than the other two 
 and we wished to isolate some of their chicks. At that 
 time I had never seen a trapnest and such a thing was only 
 a name to me. My household duties were light and I had 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 11 
 
 spent much, time with the few birds w^e had and decided I 
 would watch these two hens and as they laid pick from 
 under them their eggs. This I did, spending many hours 
 in the pen witli them for that pur-pose. These eggs were 
 marked and set and from that time began the steady im- 
 provement in our work. Cuts No. 20, No. 33 and No. 35 
 
 The birds in this iUustration from left to right are: "Danny", 
 "Jimmy", No. 9 and No. 7. 
 
 show four of the bii'ds that were hatched from this hand- 
 picked and pedigreed lot of chicks, No. 9 and Jimmie, 
 No. 17 and Danny and througliout the following pages will 
 be many references to them. When it is considered that 
 all tlie pictures in this book were taken during an interval 
 of a few weeks of each other one can judge the lessons in 
 breeding which we have had constantly before us. Many 
 times as an improvement is made in anything a person is 
 liable to forget the process of evolution which brought it 
 about and this I think is especially true in poultry work. 
 At the time the pictures of the four birds above referred 
 to were taken their combined age was twenty years. 
 
 Out of the original four hens one was lost and we im- 
 mediately sent to Owen Farms for a replacement hen and 
 the present No. 2 Avas shipped up. She proved a great old 
 hen; although never a beauty, we learned to judge her by 
 her performance. In cuts No. 18 and No. 19 will be seen 
 this same "old lady" and her son hatched in her sixth 
 year. She has been the dam of a great many fine layers 
 and some very good male birds. The other hen of the 
 original purchase was an indifferent proposition and we 
 have none of her blood on the place today. This was a very 
 
12 
 
 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 high percentage of good bii^ds from so small a number to 
 select from and we found the progeny of these birds better 
 than the birds themselves, shoAving that there was a strong 
 trait of prepotency in this combination. 
 
 Kemember that these first hens were NOT trapnested, 
 and all chicks with the exception of the few hand pedi- 
 greed — as one might say — were liatclied just as any chicks. 
 Of course they were kept separate from the remainder of 
 
 16. — Split wing — a space where feathers will never grow. Will 
 make a fine broiler. 
 
 17. — Birds-eye view of plant. 
 
 18. — Number two, six years old 1922. Laid 197 eggs third year, 
 187 fourth yeai-. 
 
 19. — Son of No. 2, hatched in her sixth year. Sturdy stock. 
 
 oui* flock and each was toe marked. These chicks when 
 liatched in tlio incubator were pedigree hatched as far as 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 13 
 
 keeping them separate from the rest of tlie bunch was 
 concerned. 
 
 The chicks we pedigreed from No. 1 and No. 3 were so 
 pronounced in individuality that we decided we Avould do 
 more pedigreeing another year and made arrangements 
 to install trapnests for that purpose. This was only con- 
 templated for the duration of the breeding season and 
 merely as an aid to improvement of the appearance of the 
 flock. We felt just like thousands of others, that we could 
 not do the work necessary to trapnest for production when 
 that necessitated tending traps all the year around. The 
 season of 1918 saw us trapnesting for the spring months 
 and pedigree hatching the chicks. So many have asked 
 us just how we pedigree hatch, that, while our method is 
 so different, materially, than any other, w^e put out a 
 mimeograph sheet telling exactly how we proceed and the 
 demand has been very great for- this. I am entirely re- 
 producing the material in this : 
 
Pedigreeing Poultry In Detail 
 
 By H. A. DANIELS, Grafton, Mass. 
 
 Our inetliods of pedigree hatching differ very littlt 
 from tliose used by Governuieut Experimeut Stations and 
 
 Putting eggs into pedigree bags. All eggs packed 
 for shipment here. 
 
 other breeders but these details are often unassembled 
 when wanted by one commencing- this work. Following 
 is the system we use, in detail : 
 
 In the first place pedigreeing poultry demands that all 
 eggs from each hen be laid in a manner to make positive 
 identification possible. This is done either by trapnests or 
 the single penning of each female. Mark the eggs as 
 laid, plainly, on the small eml. Set as usual. AVhen test- 
 ing out the clears and dead germs check them off the hen's 
 list. On the eighteenth day — last turning in incubator — 
 place the eggs from each hen in cheesecloth or bunting 
 bags. ]\rake these large enough to give the chicks room 
 as they must remain in them until hatch is taken off. Four 
 or five inches will hold three eggs nicely. Machine sew 
 on three sides. Close opening with a large safety pin. 
 In each pin catch a cloth tag (cheap, smooth toweling is 
 very good) with the hen's number written thereon. This 
 is in addition to marking the eggs because if all eggs in 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 15 
 
 a bag liatcli, tlie shells are liable to be broken up and num- 
 ber lost, entirely. Where hens are used for incubation, 
 eggs from each hen nuist be placed under different hens 
 at hatching time. Take off the hatch as usual. As each 
 bag is opened remove each hen's chicks, placing a number- 
 ed band on the leg. With esi)ecially valuable stock use 
 
 Note E. C. Young hen and 
 
 6. — Brahmas make good mothers, 
 chick house. 
 
 7. — Four weeks old son of No. 17, showing pedigree band on leg. 
 8. — Same chick as in No. 7, showing band removed to wing. 
 
 duplicate bands, one securely fastened on each leg. Keep 
 a record of each, showing dam, sire, date of hatch and 
 any information you may wish to keep track of later on. 
 
16 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 The itoius are a good lesson many times in the year. 
 
 In about one month tliis band is taken from tlie leg and 
 a slit is cut in the skinny part of tlie wing between the two 
 joints (the shoulder and elbow) and the band slipped 
 111 rough and fastened. Use heavy gauge aluminum bands. 
 Dip in carbolic solution and touch with iodine after band 
 is in place. Infection is thus avoided. 
 
 We use three by five cards to keep track of chicks. 
 These are numbered and placed consecutively in a sec- 
 tion of our filing system. All details mentioned above 
 are placed on this card and occasionally notes of devel- 
 opment, etc., are made. This information is instantly 
 
 Seal band 
 Dam 
 
 ^()^ Wing band 1 ""i 2-X~~ 2> 6 , 
 
 Dale of Hat. b ^V^^^ocjv^ "^ ' \ ^ ^ ^ 
 
 Final Disposition ^^^^j,^ q^j -VujqJU^V. . 
 
 available and mikes a fine breeding history. Pedigree 
 iiatchiiig will teach more in one year than Iiit or miss 
 work in three years. 
 
 It does not pay to go into pedigree hatching with in- 
 ferior stock and it surely pays to get stock that has been 
 l)edigree bred for several generations. HoAvever, many 
 people have really better birds than they realize and a 
 little effort will locate the really Avorth while ones. 
 
 In addition to this sheet wliich tells how Ave do the ac- 
 tual Avork, you will find a cut showing the duplication 
 of the cards Avhich Ave use, this card being filled out with 
 an actual pedigree hatching of the cockerel in cut No. 28, 
 Avhose pedigree in full is shoAvn in pedigree reproduction 
 ^o. 3. 
 
Continued Improvement 
 
 Line breeding, pedigree breeding, and production 
 breeding were subjects but little known to us at this 
 time, but we were growing more and more interested and 
 had learned a bit about the possibilities that were in 
 sight. We read everything that came to us and probably 
 swallowed whole as much as the usual poultry enthusiast. 
 All the time we were learning, however, to sift the chaff 
 from the wheat, and learning hy experience. 
 
 Our interest in production as a breeding possibility 
 commenced when we noted that No. 9 laid 92 eggs in 
 100 days, 55 eggs in 55 days, and after the trapnesting 
 was over we identified her egg with remarkable regu- 
 larity as far as our own satisfaction was concerned. Pre- 
 vious to this we rather leaned to the idea that produc- 
 tion was more a matter of feed than anything else. Even 
 at that time there had not been a great deal of information 
 available about the results of systematic breeding for 
 higher fecundity. 
 
 The Avork which the old hens did in the first year we 
 had them, and that which certain of the daughters did 
 during the breeding season, convinced us that egg pro- 
 duction could be established in breeding as well as red eyes 
 or five comb points, and January, 1919, saw us with trap- 
 nests in operation. 
 
 All this time we had been anxious to improve our birds 
 as individuals. We attended all the shows we could and 
 talked with, every Eed breeder we could locate. In the 
 summer of 1917 we made tlie second purchase from Owen 
 Farms, this time a higher class pen than the first. A 
 very peculiar coincidence in comparing this pen with the 
 first, was the fact that the same percentage of females 
 proved good as breeders. Two out of the four were well 
 worth the initial cost of the entire pen. As this addition to 
 our flock w^as primarily to improve color, etc., it might 
 not come amiss to pass a few remarks on their particular 
 characteristics, and, later, in tracing the relationship in 
 some pedigrees the influence can readily be seen. 
 
]8 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 The male was a descendant of a very fine show bird. 
 We named this cock bird ''Daddy" and his depth of color, 
 which was augmented by some excess black, has been very 
 instrumental in the improvement of tlie color all down the 
 line. One of his mates, No. 5, was also a color feeder, 
 carrying more excess bhu-k than many would care to use. 
 In some of her progeny this showed up strong, but usually, 
 even though the male was clean, we knew he was a descend- 
 ant of either a dam or a sire having some excess color and 
 we have now learned to use the No. 5 blood witli far above 
 the average rcsulis. A"o. 7 was a clean female of splen- 
 did bone Jind type. She was above the Standard in weight 
 jind was one of the finest typed hens 1 have ever seen. 
 .4t sighl. we could almost i)ick her offspiing from the 
 squareness of their shoulders. This can be plainly noticed 
 in three of the chicks whose pictures appear in cuts No. 
 28, No. £!), and No. 38. While the No. 9 family show 
 wonderfully good type, tliis No. 7 hen seemed to have a 
 remarkable ability to perpetuate type. 
 
 The four females in this pen Avere mated as bought, 
 and No. added to them. She was a good shaped pullet 
 of fair color and great vigor, entirely clean. 
 
 "Daddy'' was a fine breeder. He produced a goodly 
 number of splendid layers but the star performer was No. 
 9. Mated with him she gave us eleven daughters, laying 
 thus: No. 25—235, No.^73— 2G5, No. 94—232, No. 90— 
 221, No. 99—232, No. 15—220, No. (;7— 243, No. 41-214, 
 No. 40—207, No. 22—209, No. 7()— 20C. This made us feel 
 that we had material to make all nests trapnests, provided 
 Ave (x^uld Avork out a scheme of breeding which would 
 perpetuate this producing ability Avithout deterioration 
 of Standard Qualities Ave Avere Avorking on. 
 
 The fact that one hen alone had the poAver to transmit 
 production to so many convinced us absolutely that pro- 
 duction was at least fifty per cent of breeding. 
 
 Having a slight knoAvledge of the process of produc- 
 tion breeding as practiced by cattle breeders we knew the 
 same principles Avould apply. We also kncAv that crop 
 breeding was done in the vegetable world by means of 
 studied propagation and selection and aa^c started in to 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 19 
 
 think deeply. 
 
 In working with No. 9, who is, after all, the real foun- 
 dation of our success, we followed these principles and, 
 emulating the cattle man, used as much of her blood in as 
 
 21.^ — Number 9 hatched 1917, dam of 23 females laying from 201 
 to 301. Taken July 23, 1922. 
 
 22.— Number 67, 1918, out of No. 9, sired bv "Daddy" (unrelated). 
 Laid 243 eggs first year, 288 second year. Taken July 23, 1922. 
 
 23.— Number 31, 1919, out of No. 9, sired by "Danny" (half broth- 
 er). Laid 252 eggs first year, 187 second year. Taken July 23, 1922. 
 
 24.— Number 37, 1920," out of No. 9, sired by "lip Toe 3d. (grand- 
 son of No. 67). Laid 259 eggs first year. Taken July 23. 1922. 
 
 25.— Number 172, 1921, out of No. 9, sired by "Sporty" (unre- 
 lated). Taken Julv 23, 1922. 
 
 26.— Baby 1922, out of No. 9, sired by "Tinker" (grandson out 
 of No. 79). Note strong resemblance to No. 31 and dam No. 9. 
 
 many combinations as we possibly could. We mated her 
 as an individual to as many different males and her daugh- 
 
20 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 ters also. Sons she did not produce — neither in quality 
 nor in quantity. In fact only three males have been of a 
 usable character from her in all her years of breeding. 
 We have found, however, that some of her granddaugh- 
 ters went to the other extreme and one or two have been 
 almost solely cockerel breeders. Today, eight out of ten 
 birds in our matings have her blood and some are fully 
 three-fourths her blood, pure. Many of the 1922 chicks 
 trace back to her several times on both dam and sire side. 
 
 The first year's Avork Avith Daddy was extra satisfy- 
 ing. However, the first pen produced such strong layers 
 that we decided for one year to reconcentrate the original 
 blood of this pen. Several people told us we would have 
 weak stock if w^e mated half brother and sister but we 
 took a chance and a mighty advisable one it proved. A 
 son of No. 3, Danny, Avliose picture may be seen in cut 
 No. 38, was mated with her and the results in production 
 excelled the first year's work a\ ith her. In this year she 
 produced 222 eggs, a creditable SECOND year's lay. Mat- 
 ed with Danny she produced our 301-egg hen, an achieve- 
 ment of great merit, as along with this phenomenal hen 
 were several others of truly high production. 
 
 Many times as I look back on our first groping ex- 
 periments in mating I wonder that we got along as well 
 as we did. There seemed some impetus over which we 
 had no control that urged us to make certain combinations. 
 One man recently told me lie thought it might be an add- 
 ed sense. He called it "hen sense*'. 
 
 Since we have studied our birds and the combination 
 of them I have decided that one bird, to whom little credit 
 has been given, was really the breeding strength of the 
 flock. This was the old bird we bought first, "TAT". 
 
 The fact that his daughter mated to his son produced 
 females laying better than when either was mated to an 
 unrelated male, impresses me with his real breeding value. 
 Another thing was the fact that sisters of both No. 9 and 
 Danny Avere high producers. We have only come to this 
 decision since old Tat Avent to chicken heaven. One may 
 also consider the fact that the progeny from No. 9 that 
 carries the Inrcest a mount of her blood — which must be 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 21 
 
 one-half that of her sire — shows the very strength of his 
 breeding worth by the marked individual resemblance 
 which is so pronounced when compared with her progeny 
 sired by an unrelated male. 
 
 After mating No. Avith Danny and producing No. 
 79—301, No. 85—277, No. 114—254, No. 127—217, No. 
 31—252, No. 74—201, No. 88—243, No. 81—229, we were 
 tempted to make the same mating the next year. We did 
 not do so, placing her instead with lier grandson out of hen 
 No. 67. This year she disappointed us as she molted and 
 commenced her third year's lay January 17. She laid a 
 good clutch of eggs and then had another partial molt, 
 the cause of which we could never discover. It retarded 
 her production. This made her run of chicks small but in 
 spite of that we added four more high record females to 
 her progeny. These laid 227-230-231 and 259, the latter 
 being hen No. 37 in cut No. 24. Her fourth breeding year, 
 1921, produced some of the best colored chicks w^e have 
 had from her. In this case she was mated to another pur- 
 chase from Owen Farms, an entirely unrelated male, a very 
 i-ihowy bird. The females from this mating have done, so 
 far, great credit to their dam. The present year, 1922, 
 she was again thrown back to her oavu line by mating to 
 another oraudson, out of hen No. 79. Tinker has proven a 
 good breeder and the resemblance of chicks from No. 9 
 mated to him can be noted at a glance. Note also the 
 resemblance to their dam of No. 31 and No. 79. 
 
 This hereditary resemblance is very interesting to the 
 student of genetics, and has, I am sure, a strong breeding- 
 significance. To try to follow much of this Avork is too 
 much of a statistical operation and would not interest or 
 help the average breeder. I hope some time to have ac- 
 cumulated data enough to make a work on just these top- 
 ics of some value. The process of the evolution of our 
 breeding and Avork is more interesting just now. 
 
Culling vs. Trapnest 
 
 In 1919 we became interested in comparing the physi- 
 cal conformation of the hens we were trapnesting with 
 their actual work in the trapnest. At that time we got the 
 ''Call of the Hen" and studied it assiduously as so many 
 others have done. Like many others we tried to apply 
 the tests literally without the use of judgment. The trap- 
 nest contradicted us so many times it was like getting a 
 slap in the face. Reading the rules of culling according to 
 the physical conformation of the hen appealed to our 
 reason but it did not alwaj's follow out. We could not re- 
 concile ourselves to certain facts. One was that one hen 
 which we knew had laid 250 eggs was a subject Avhich these 
 
 14. — Mr. Daniels reading leg band — Note orange box trapnest. 
 
 15. — The finished product waiting for truck. Showing one, two 
 and pen size shipping boxes and various size egg baskets. Note holes 
 in end of box to supply hot weather ventilation. Square box at right 
 is foreign egg shipment. Note new water cups on steps, more eggs 
 for shipment and the smile that keeps the Reds laying. 
 
 tests Avould eliminate as a beef type of hen. Her pelvic 
 bones were heavy, she had a rather coarse head and was 
 really a good meat type proposition. We did not at that 
 time note her great breadth of back, Avliich breadth ex- 
 tended to the base of her tail ; neither did we know about 
 the elasticity of the sternal processes nor the relative size 
 of the gizzard. 
 
 As we learned these things both by additional reading 
 and observation I am led to say there is just one way to 
 judge a hen's possible production h\ her body conforma- 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 23 
 
 tion, and that is to take her producing characteristics as 
 a whole. Study her symmetry as related to all possible 
 producing- indications rather than any one, two or three 
 characteristics. A judge in the show room looks for sym- 
 metry in a bird. This counts high and the same principles 
 must be applied to production. The correlation of one 
 part to another is vitally important. 
 
 In this way we have learned to reconcile ourselves to 
 many things that otlierwise would still be a mystery. 
 There is one thing however, which is still an unknown, 
 quantity, and that is the hen that shows all the outward 
 indications of production, even so far as going to the nest 
 to lay and coming off without so doing. This hen, and 
 there are quite a lot of them, is a puzzler and I am trying 
 to find out the 'Vhy's and wherefore's" of her. She is 
 surely the arch deceiver. 
 
 There are a number of seemingly trifling things we 
 have observed that I feel sure are of much importance in 
 selecting the layer. One is the head of the heavy pro- 
 ducer. There is a built-for-business look about it which 
 the observing poulti'yman notes at once. The beak is no- 
 ticeably strong and the head back of the blade of the 
 comb is broad in proportion to the rest of her. There is 
 always a shortness from beak to eye and a roundness 
 which, while hard to describe, is easily recognizable. Her 
 eye is active and she seems to note with intelligence what 
 is going on, yet for all this alertness she is easily tamed 
 and never squawks into a veritable panic like her low pro- 
 ducing sisters. x4nother thing I have never read is that, 
 while she may weigh even more than her low producing 
 sister, there is a buoyancy and lightness when joii lift her 
 that a poor hen never has. One who has closely followed 
 the trapnest will notice these things qnicker than one 
 who does not handle their birds frequently. I honestly 
 think I could look at the heads and pick from a roost or 
 nest a bunch of Reds and pick ninety per cent of the good 
 ones in a flock without any other test, so sure have I be- 
 come in making decisions. Of course this Avould have to be 
 hens in full lay or nearly so. 
 
Care Relative to Production 
 
 So closely related to production and vigor are care 
 and feeding that it seems the best place to sketch our 
 experiences is right here, following the outline of some 
 points in breeding and selection which we have encoun- 
 tered. I was much impressed at Amherst last July to note 
 the stress placed on the balance of care and breeding in 
 production and this has proven out in our own work time 
 and time again. 
 
 In the first of our work we had to learn by experience, 
 and bitter expeiience, the lessons now seemingly so el- 
 emental, those of sanitation and clean food. The fact 
 that I have not forgotten these years has made it possible 
 for me to give help to many beginners who have brought 
 their problems to me in the past three yeai-s. At that time 
 moldy grain or musty sprouted oats meant nothing to us. 
 Grain was grain and a hen Avas a lien and could eat any- 
 thing. We had to learn by actual loss as do most, that 
 there were certain danger points that could not be over- 
 looked. 
 
 One of the most expensive lessons was, I think, in the 
 second year of our w^ork. We made a ''buy" of cracked 
 corn. It was soft corn that had not fully ripened in the 
 field. The result was that a short time after we had it 
 delivered it commenced to mold. Hens were sick, oh, so 
 sick ! We could not locate the cause and thought we had 
 imported disease from some source. Every case of sick- 
 ness was the same, a packed crop and bowel trouble. This 
 led me to feel sure there Avas some local cause over w^liich 
 we must have some control. I commenced to read every 
 poultry disease suggestion I could get hold of, and in sev- 
 eral found very distinct warning against moldy grain or 
 spoiled food. I then tried to Avash the corn and tried all 
 sorts of stunts. Finally Ave Imd sense enough to stop feed- 
 ing it and commence treatment. I got a small funnel and 
 a piece of syringe tube and started in with all the birds 
 that W(^re ill and. you may believe there Avere plenty. I 
 knew that the spoiled grain must be gotten out of the crop 
 and that at once, so I started a Avashing process, using 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 25 
 
 warm water and baking soda. What the poor hens thought 
 1 do not know, but I do know I was as sick as they were. 
 By degrees I worked the poisonous mass out of their crops 
 and by care and attention brought them back to health. 
 We had not at that time given any special attention to 
 production, but I well remember that the entire egg yield 
 dropped very Ioav during that time. 
 
 With sprouted oats we went through the usual ex- 
 periences as with all sorts of experiments. We soaked oats 
 in warm water, in cold water, soaked them all night and 
 twenty-four hours, soaked them in formalin solution and 
 clear water. We tried wooden pails, galvanized and enam- 
 eled pails to soak them in. We scrubbed and sunned trays 
 and threw out oats enough to feed an army of hens until 
 we got onto the very simple and effective method Ave now 
 use, with seldom a bad oat. In cuts No. 9 and No. 10 are 
 shown our present method very plainly. The pan under 
 the bags was made esfjecially for this as was also the frame 
 on which they hang. The folloAving is the method we use 
 so successfully: 
 
 The required number of oats are placed in one of the 
 bags each night. These bags are made of a cheap grade 
 of unbleached muslin. The bag of oats is placed in a pail 
 of water at night. In cold weather this is slightly Avarm, 
 in summer time Ave use it cold. In the morning they are 
 hung on the rod. On the fifth day the first bag is ready 
 to feed and figure No. 10 shoAvs them being emptied into 
 pails for feeding. Note the wonderful mass of silvery 
 roots. The bag in the cut had just two and one half quai'ts 
 of oats in when put to soak. After the bag is emptied it 
 is washed in hot soapsuds. Of course the oats in the bags 
 are dipped in water as required to keep them groAving and 
 it is surprising how very dirty the bags get. The feeding 
 of sprouted oats is a religion AAdth us and every day every 
 bird over one month old has its quota. 
 
 Many people have commented upon the luxuriant 
 growth of green in our runs in spite of the large number 
 of chicks and hens on a rather restricted area. This is 
 due in no small degree to the regular use of sprouted oats 
 as well as cut clover in the hens' mash. Both of these 
 
26 
 
 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 things have been indirectly helpful in soil sanitation by 
 permitting the growth of greens which care for the pos- 
 
 9. — Sprouting oats in bags back of kitcben range. 
 
 10. — Mr. Daniels emptying sprouted oats. 
 
 11. — Feeding cockerels sprouted oats. Arrow points to old 
 "Danny" among tbe youngsters. Note combination E. C. Young range 
 houses. 
 
 12. — Feeding sprouted oats to mixed lot of chicks on range. 
 
 13. — Three months o'd pullets eating sprouted oats. Note troughs 
 used for worm mash every two weeks. 
 
 sibility of soil contamination and act as a natural disin- 
 fectant. 
 
 Today, after much loss and woriy — loss of both birds 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 27 
 
 and feed — we know that it is absolutely impossible to be 
 too particular and careful as to the quality of the feed that 
 is used by the poultrynian. Any question of doubt is re- 
 ferred to a strong reading glass, which will show up bad 
 grain that the naked eye cannot distinguish. When there 
 is then any question of doubt we simply pass up the feed 
 because the loss of one good hen will mean far more than 
 the loss of some poor feed. Without doubt a large per- 
 centage of poultry illness is caused entirely by spoiled 
 food, consequently, it is entirely preventable. 
 
 Little by little eack 3^ear we have learned to closer un- 
 derstand the needs of tlie hen. This delicately constructed 
 machine has certain rules of care that are just as impor- 
 tant as the care of any highly specialized work of aian, 
 even more so. I wish every one who reads this would just 
 consider a moment and see if they can think of anything 
 man has constructed or invented that in any way com- 
 pares with the marvel of the hen ? 
 
 I am often asked for rules governing the care of the 
 hen, just simple little ''do's and don'ts" that will cover the 
 vital points. A list of ten, which I call the hen's ten 
 commandments, is as folloAvs, and is certainly the ABC 
 of success with production and cai'o of any hen : 
 
 1. Breed for ^'igor. 
 
 2. Cull. 
 
 3. jS'o Lice. 
 
 4. No Mites. 
 
 5. Xo Intestinal Worms. 
 
 6. Cleanliness — Absolutely. 
 
 7. Soil Sanitation. 
 
 8. Never Overcrowd. 
 
 9. The Right Food and Drink. 
 
 10. Quiet and Gentle Care at All Times. 
 
 Get the right Icind of stock and follow these rules 
 after learning all that they encompass, and success is 
 bound to come. Not one of these rules can be omitted 
 or broken without showing its effect. The more one can 
 add to them the better the results. Poultry care is no 
 work for the shirker or the lazv man or woman. 
 
Feeding 
 
 The details of poultry care have been written about so 
 constantly and discussed through so many avenues of 
 instruction it would seem to the experienced poultry man 
 that anything more would not be necessary. However, 
 anyone who has heard poultry men talking will realize 
 that some of the most important subjects — and those most 
 universally talked about — have very much to do with how 
 "Jones" and "Smith" rear their chicks, how they feed their 
 layers and breeders and the pi-oblems of housing. This 
 shows that all the good points have not as yet been cor- 
 nered by anyone. In my work of conducting three ser- 
 vice bureaus, I find that — outside of actual illness — ninety 
 per cent of the inquiries from all over the world have to 
 do with just these problems, and I am going into some of 
 the most important ones quite in detail. 
 
 In connection with the service bureau Avork I found 
 so many inquiries had such a personal aspect concerning 
 the feeding of Reds, many asking outright for our meth- 
 od, that I cut a stencil and turned out some mimeograph 
 sheets with Avliich to supply this information. I am du- 
 plicating them exactly as used for this purpose. This 
 includes our entii-e feeding schedule from the day a chick 
 is hatched to its finis. We have never been able to get a 
 commercial dry mash meeting our needs. This season we 
 are to use the Grandin feeds on a check pen and learn 
 just what can be done along this line with a feed that is 
 built and sold on quality. If this Avorks out satisfactorily 
 it will be a boon, as well as a labor saver, as the careful 
 weighing and mixing of mash at home is a task of no 
 mean proportion and better done, when done satisfactor- 
 ily, ])y machine than by hand power. 
 
 Daniels' Breeding-Laying Feed Formula 
 By H. A. DANIELS, Grafton, Mass. 
 
 Do not feed baby chicks until forty-eight hours old. 
 Brood first week at 100 degrees. 
 
 First feed : Sour milk, buttermilk or semi-solid but- 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 29 
 
 termilk. ^Sweet bread rubbed fine, mixed with baby chick 
 grit. Feed thrice daily. 
 
 After the third day give access to open feeder of : Two 
 parts bran, one part granulated (table) corn meal. This 
 by measure. 
 
 At the end of the first month change mash to : 
 One part middlings. . One part ground hulled oats. 
 
 Tavo parts hominy. Two parts bran. 
 
 5 per cent Protox (or other high grade) beef scrap. 
 
 The above by WEIGHT. 
 
 Chick scratch grain, by measure: 
 Two parts cracked corn. One part steel cut Avheat. 
 One part rolled oats. 
 
 After the first montli use larger grain but the same 
 proportion of each. 
 
 Breeding-laying mash (change from growing mash by 
 degrees when pullets commence to redden and sing) : 
 
 Middlings 10 per cent 
 
 Corn Meal or Hominy 20 per cent 
 
 Bran 15 per cent 
 
 Ground Hulled Oats 15 per cent 
 
 Gluten Feed 10 per cent 
 
 Curtiss Cut Clover 10 per cent 
 
 Old Process Oil Meal 5 percent 
 
 Protox Beef Scrap 15 per cent 
 
 This mash by WEIGHT. 
 Scratch for hens is fed in deep litter, lightly in the 
 morning, with good feed at night and increase of night feed 
 when weather is very cold. This consists of: 
 Three parts cracked corn 
 One part oats 
 
 One part wheat '.p^^-^^-. 
 By measure. 
 Sprouted oats are fed at noon all the year round after 
 four weeks of age. Semisolid buttermilk (or sour milk) 
 in fount, also water in another all the time. Milk should 
 never be fed in tin or galvanized iron. Use earthen or 
 enameled ware. 
 
 Ovster shells, crit. and charcoal, should alwavs be 
 
30 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 available. Keep birds free from vermin with Happy Hen 
 Lice Salve and house free from mites with Carbolineum. 
 Kemove any ailing bird from pens as soon as noted. Treat 
 for ailment or kill. We will gladly give free any service 
 in any difficulty you may meet. 
 
 Now remember that we have not gone into the feeding 
 of poultry from a scientific standpoint. We have merely 
 kept experimenting to get a reasonable ration that would 
 keep the flock in good condition, not over stinnilate, yet 
 make a good sliowing in production of eggs that would 
 hatch good chicks. 
 
 We have found one thing of great interest. In our 
 work we have used the Magic Egg Tester a great deal 
 and have found it an interesting study. The noting of 
 the specific gravity of an Qgg: has three factors back of it. 
 One is heredity. A hen laying a good testing egg will 
 produce females, that, given the same care, will as a rule 
 lay a like ogii;. I have tested many eggs, isolating a hen 
 and using other feed combinations 'and found that when 
 feed was changed, the specific gravity of the egg went 
 much below the same hen's egg with our ration. Have 
 had other i)oople make a like report. 
 
 In feeding poultry there are two factors that play 
 very important parts in success. One is the way the feed 
 is fed and the other is the quality of the feed itself. The 
 best feed in the world, when mismanaged, never gives its 
 full worth of results — and poor feed has the same dis- 
 appointing feature no matter how carefully fed. Good 
 food rightly used is positively necessary to make any hen 
 give her best service. She may be a XX hen, a 250-egg 
 hen and pedigreed for ten generations, a perfect show 
 specimen, or a combination of all three, but unless she 
 is cared for and fed with a liberal application of good old- 
 fashioned common sense (which is as rare as hen's teeth) 
 and the best of food, she will never live up to her possibili- 
 ties. 
 
 The chicks we have grown from year to year have met 
 our demand. They improve each year which is, to my 
 mind, proof that Ave have, in a measuro. done our work 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 31 
 
 right. The quality and improvement in quality in the 
 chicks, from year to year, is the proof of the pudding. If 
 the young show steady increase in desirable qualities, 
 health, vigor, production, standard qualities, etc., there is 
 not much doubt as to the success of the methods, what- 
 ever they are. The fact that our stock has shown all 
 these desirable qualities is one thing which made me con- 
 sent to prepare a sketch of our Avork, as I have perfect 
 confidence in our methods. 
 
 We are asked many times concej-ning the feeding of 
 semi-solid buttermilk to breeders. Why not? The food 
 that will make a chick strong and healthy should make an 
 egg contain the same elements that will produce a chick 
 of extra vigor. 
 
 Then, again, the cut clover comes in for discussion. 
 We are told many times it contains too much bulk, that 
 hens cannot lay well on so much fiber. Our trapnesting 
 has disproved the latter argument and I always call at- 
 tention to the gi-azing habit of the hen Avhen she has a 
 chance to follow her own inclinations. She will eat grass 
 or clover on range, in the morning, all day, and even at 
 night after her full supper feed of grain. Clover, proper- 
 ly cured, as can be supplied by the W. R. Curtiss Co., 
 of Ransomville, N. Y., is one of the finest substitutes for 
 range grass there is, and it is much more desirable than 
 tough old grass in late summer and fall. It gives the 
 hen almost as good food as she could obtain on the most 
 perfect range. The vegetable protein in dry cut clover 
 is very high and is in a very easily digested form. There are 
 other elements in it which make for health and assist in 
 giving the intensive poultry keeper a good imitation of 
 natural conditions. Fed in the mash as we use it, it will 
 materially help in keeping the yards green, thus being an 
 indirect help to prevent soil contamination. 
 
 The rest of our feeding is very ordinary for the most 
 part. The Old Process Oil Meal is sometimes spoken of 
 and the reason for its use inquired into. I consider it 
 an indirect egg food. In this way — as we use it, it is prim- 
 arily an aid to good heavy plumage. Birds that are to 
 producp henvily in cold wenther mu'^t bo "\voll clothed and 
 
82 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 anything which helps in the production of feathers with- 
 out drawing on the maintenance or production portion 
 of the hens' ration will aid. If they use the elements 
 from their regular food to make feathers, the egg yield 
 will surely drop. Many of our birds lay well during the 
 entire molt. Naturally, we do not try to make them, but, 
 if they do, witli the same care the others are getting, we 
 consider them all the more valuable. Any hen that will 
 molt, lay a reasonable number of eggs and hold up good 
 body weight, all at the same time, is a good breeding 
 proposition. Just here the O. P. Oil Meal fills the bill. 
 
 In my service bureau work I have had feathers from 
 all over the world sent to me, and it is seldom we receive 
 any that have the body of those from our own birds. This 
 thick featliering makes a bird hard feathered, which has 
 often been pointed out as an indication of a good layer. 
 I truly feel the oil meal is a strong factor in this. 
 
 In this respect, I often hesitate to enumerate on the 
 value of some of the things Ave have found so satisfactory, 
 because the mistake of thinking that if a little is good, a 
 lot is better, is often made. I frequently think of a story 
 Dr. Sanborn used to tell : A person was advised to use 
 sulphur and lard for head lice on chickens. Promptly 
 the chicks were covered with the mixture and as promptly 
 died. It certainly pays to give careful directions for the 
 use of anything and also, in turn, for the user to follow 
 them. 
 
 For many years we used the ordinary ground oats. 
 This contains an unbelievable amount of undigestible 
 fiber as we learned when we commenced sifting it to get 
 suitable ground oats for small chicks, after constant 
 request for ground HULLED oats we finally obtained 
 same through our grain dealer. This costs considerable 
 more than oi'dinary ground oats, but it is well worth the 
 difference as there is practically no surplus of fiber. We 
 feel, positively, that it is better to feed a fiber or roughage 
 which the birds relish, such as cut clover. Since using 
 the ground HULLED oats we have not had a case of in- 
 digestion in any of the older birds, nor in any of the flock 
 of nearlv 800 chicks. With the latter we have used from 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 the start the rolled oats in place of the usual whole oats 
 in the scratch, and this I am sure has been an added ad- 
 vantage. There is no better bone builder than oats but the 
 disadvantage has been the excess amount of undigestible 
 hull. 
 
 Many times we are asked regarding hominy. We pre- 
 fer this to corn meal after the chicks have passed the 
 baby stage. The feeding value is as good as corn meal 
 and there is no danger of spoilage as it is a cooked prod- 
 uct. It will not heat and "go bad" as corn meal is liable 
 to do under certain conditions. Then, again, we know 
 that bad corn is often ground up and put on the market 
 in the form of corn meal. We feel that our dealer would 
 never knowingly, sell us such a product, but there is al- 
 ways the possibility that he might have something put over 
 him. For the small chicks we use the table corn meal, 
 buying from a wholesale grocer in 100 pound lots only, 
 thus being sure of its freshness. 
 
 The importance of high-grade beef scraps cannot be 
 over estimated. High grade scraps are made by butchers 
 from clean trimmings, while the cheaper stuff — render- 
 ing works — is from dead carcasses of diseased animals, 
 etc. The difference is obvious to the most casual. Per 
 sonally, I do not want to knowingly eat eggs made from 
 the latter class of protein, although we have to admit that 
 the hen is a wonderful chemist and can transform the 
 most obnoxious of material into edible eggs. 
 
Sanitation 
 
 All tlu-ougli the pi'ocoss of poultry culture, sanitation 
 plays an important part. It cannot be too emphatically 
 impressed on the poultry raising public. True sanita- 
 tion does not stop with clean dropping boards. It in- 
 cludes sanitation as applied to any living conditions, the 
 cleanliness of all things used — feeders, drinking founts, 
 litter especially the soil on which the young stock is 
 grown. The very manner of the hen's eating calls for 
 clean feeding floor and ground. 
 
 In our first fcAV years' work we did not rear chicks 
 enough to anywhere near tax the limit of our area, but, 
 as a demand came for them and we saAv improvement in 
 them — warranting our making the selling of good birds 
 as high class breeders, we commenced to increase our out- 
 put. Each year the garden has grown less, until this 
 season it is a thing of memory only. 
 
 Neither of us had any real knowledge of soil contami- 
 nation. We thought all that was necessary was to seed 
 dow^n occasionally and keep the worst of the filth cleaned 
 up. After some hard knocks Ave found that attention to 
 soil sanitation was just as important as to make the 
 houses ch^an. Year by year we have learned more about 
 this subject and this year, while our area is well covered 
 with chicks — after several years of intensive work on the 
 same plot — w^e have the best chicks we ever had. 
 
 A great deal has been said in the past two years about 
 raising chicks on new ground. That is all very well, and is 
 necessary where a person has not the gumption to make 
 the old ground clean. In that case it must be done. At- 
 tending to this to bring results is no boy's job. Liming 
 and seeding and keeping a constant heavy growth of green 
 stuff— enough to use up the accumulation of droppings — 
 is a steady job, and one that cannot be "let up" on. Na- 
 ture, in this Avay, has a chance to do her part. The heavy 
 use of lime on heavy soil each year releases the nitrogen 
 which is the element making toj) groAvth and this in turn 
 cleans the soil. 
 
 Concerning the right soil for poultry, nuich has been 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 35 
 
 said, but I think the right mau is more important than 
 the right soil. I have kno^A n of poultry yards, situated 
 on the most ideal soil, where coccidiosis, gapes, tapeworms 
 and all other forms of •'bug"" Avere so thick there was no 
 chance for the chicks. This was on the so-called "ideal" 
 sandy soil with perfect drainage. Other places I have 
 seen, with like condition, where the soil in the hen yards 
 was so i^ackcd it was necessary to use a bar to break the 
 crust. Sickness was of course evident, under such con- 
 ditions; still, if these people wrote a college or any per- 
 son for help, they would invariably say, ''My soil is ideal 
 for poultry, being quite sandy, Avith perfect drainage." 
 This is the DISADVANTAGE of ideal conditions. Ever-y- 
 tliing was swinging on the natural condition and no care 
 taken of it. A good loam Avliich will grow a heavy foliage 
 will, I am sure, give nuieh better results, even with the 
 same lack of care. 
 
 The average poultryman cannot select his soil — at 
 least, not when he is working with a back yard flock. 
 This is merely supplementary to some other business. Of 
 course if he is going into it in earnest he has a better 
 chance to make something of a selection. 
 
 The most trouble conies from the feeding spots. The 
 feed is almost ahvays thrown in one place and this soon be- 
 comes bare and filthy. We have found that the use of sand 
 on these places takes away all danger. In the early spring 
 or late fall we have a large pile drawn in at |1.25 per cart 
 buck, and it is the cheapest disinfectant we can get hold 
 of. A barn broom is used to clean up the feeding places 
 and the refuse is loaded into' a barrow and taken off, with 
 a return of some fresh sand. This is done every ten days 
 or less, especially Avhen rainy, making the feeding spots 
 just as good as fresh soil. In cuts No. 12 and No. 13, 
 these sand spots can be seen very plainly. 
 
 The cleanliness of the poultry house has a lot of influ- 
 ence on health and, consequently, on production. A lot 
 is written about sanitation of the henhouse. By sanita- 
 tion is meant CLEANLINESS, which means free from 
 filth. Just because a building is inhabited by hens is no 
 reason it cannot be clean. Human beings have learned the 
 
36 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 lack of sanitation in their owji life means disease and 
 trouble. A hen is simply another living creature with 
 the same functions of life, requiring the same considera- 
 tion and protection. Taken fi-om her wild state and do- 
 mesticated for man's pleasure and profit — a wonderful 
 food producing machine, more marvelous than Radio, 
 more valuable than tlie ^'Lizzie" — she is so often given 
 less consideration than the grass which grows. There is 
 one salve, though, for the real poultry man or woman and 
 that is — that the persons who nmke little of the hen are, 
 as a rule, very fond of all good things to eat which are 
 so dependent on the hen. 
 
 I know you will think I am a fanatic. Possibly I am. 
 I hope so, if it is necessary to be one to have ordinary 
 humane consideration of one of the most valuable gifts 
 to man. The real poultry nian or woman thinks first of 
 the hen. Just the same with any person with a good 
 ])usiness. All successful business men have put their life 
 blood into their Avork. Poultry work is as much of a 
 business as the U. S. Steel. AVhy not consider the hen 
 first? If one is making their bread and butter with their 
 poult i-y and hopes in the future to have a little cake, why 
 should it not be the strongest element in their life. A satis- 
 factorily conducted poultry business requires the appli- 
 cation of every business principle. Can you think of any 
 really successful business, manufacturing or other, that 
 would countenance the filthy conditions too often seen 
 on a poultry plant? 
 
 In this connection the elimination of all parasites 
 comes under the head of sanitation, because that is one of 
 the prime factors in getting rid of them and keeping rid 
 of them. The old woman said it was no disgrace to find 
 a, bed bug, but it was a disgrace to keep them. 
 
 I have frequently received letters from various people 
 telling me that they had only a few mites and that their 
 hens were not very lousy or that occasionally they found 
 a worm on the dropping board but not many. Now this 
 is temporizing with trouble. One mite, one louse, one 
 worm and it is time to get busy. The way in which they 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 37 
 
 will increase is simply unbelievable. There is no need to 
 tolerate any of these pests for a day. 
 
 The mite comes first. His habit is the same as the bed 
 bug. In fact, T believe he belongs to the same family. His 
 is the mission of sapping the blood from various birds 
 on the roosts or the chicks in the brooder. There is one 
 thing which means, absolutely, sure death to the mite. 
 Carbolineum. Bead the ad in this book. All range coops 
 are painted once a year. It is all that is needed. Each 
 pen in the laying houses lias an extra roost. This is 
 treated and allowed to dry and then put in place of an- 
 other which is painted and so on until all are done. The 
 result is that for four years I have not seen a mite. Be- 
 fore then I was tugging buckets of spray and pump several 
 times a Aveek, and especially on the hottest days. Of course 
 the Carbolineum makes the range houses dark but in only 
 three foot depth that is of little matter. In breeding pens 
 the place at the end of the roost, where roost hangs on 
 any support, is also coated. It is also applied to the drop- 
 ping boards and it is a help in scraping them in frosty 
 weather, as the droppings do not stick nearly as hard as 
 when frozen. While there are many substitutes on the 
 market, no one will ever regret the use of Carbolineum. 
 
 Many salves and powders are on the market for body 
 lice. Personally, I wonder how a powder is ever sold. I 
 never would subject high-bred production hens to the shak- 
 ing up necessary in the application of powxler. We use the 
 Happy Hen Salve and find it O. K. It will not separate 
 in hot weather, Avill not blister, and will not injure fer- 
 tility. It is also fine for scaley leg, and for depluming 
 mites. A large number of birds can be cared for in a 
 single evening, saving much upsetting of the flock and 
 time for the caretaker. 
 
 Intestinal parasites are a less superficial matter to get 
 rid of. To my mind prevention is better than cure. After 
 a bird has been infested with intestinal worms to the ex- 
 tent that it shoAvs in its appearance, that bird has received 
 a great setback. It Avill require considerable time to re- 
 gain the vigor that has been lost. The span of a hen's 
 
38 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 life is so short that she cannot afford to spend much time 
 recuperating from any sort of ailment. 
 
 For many seasons Ave thought, as do many persons 
 Avriting me, that a few worms were no cause for uneasi- 
 ness, as all animals are more or less affected Avith them. 
 HoAvever, aa'c learned that it Avas necessary to get rid of 
 them. We used tobacco, turpentine, etc. These prepar- 
 ations did the trick but the shock to the bird's systems 
 seemed too great, as it Avas necessary to starve them in 
 order to make them eat the stuff. About this time we got 
 hold of "Hubbards Poultry Secrets*' and he made a great 
 deal of reference to worms and recommended garlic. This 
 Avas the best yet. It eliminated the Avorms and the birds 
 Avere simply crazy about it. We tried to grow it but our 
 soil Avas not adapted for it, and it proved a failure because 
 Ave Avere not ahvays able to get it and Avhen Ave could, the 
 ])rice Avas almost prohibitive for any extensive use, being 
 anyAvhcre from tAventy-five to forty cents per pound. We 
 kept experimenting and at last took up another Happy 
 Hen product — the Avorm powder made by them. It fills 
 the bill and A\'e noAv use it regularly as a preventive and 
 I candidly state that it has been instrumental in the fine 
 condition of our 1922 flock. In cut No. 13 can be seen 
 troughs up against the building (back of Mr. Daniels) 
 Avhicli are used the 1st and 15th of each month for this 
 purpose. This remedy does not shock the bird's system. 
 
 Ordinary care in these things will have a marked in- 
 fluence on any flock. It Avill make them disease resisting 
 and, consequently, more able to Avithstand the changes 
 of our Kew England climate. 
 
 Speaking of the New England climate makes me tliink 
 of the little boy who was asked by his teacher to write 
 an essay on the advantages of the Ncav England climate. 
 This is what he wrote: 
 
 The Advantages of The NeAv England Climate 
 
 "There ain't none. In summer my pa Avorks all the 
 time to pay the ice bill. In the AAinter my pa works all 
 the time to pay the coal bill" — John Dean. 
 
 This is about so, as we have some great variations in 
 temperature in very short intervals of time. 
 
Mating and Culling 
 
 Successful mating of Reds is based on careful selec- 
 tion, and selection is begun with rigid culling. I am 
 asked many times, in the course of a year, how we make 
 the sacrifice of color necessary many times to get produc- 
 tion and vice versa. In the first place, in our work, we 
 dispose of all the birds that are not fairly representative 
 of the breed, at an early age; hence, we do not have these 
 to consider. Males are marketed, while pullets that are 
 poor in color or too poor in type are sold as eai'ly as they 
 can be identified to various people wishing for just a pen 
 of egg producers. This eliminates any chance of partial- 
 ity later on when these birds are older and a desire for egg 
 production above all else touches us, as it will, at times, 
 any practical poultryman. Good color and type that does 
 not prove out in production are picked out before the 
 breeding season as by careful watching of the trapnest 
 the poor birds can almost without exception be found by 
 the first of February. Of course there are some birds that 
 lay with considerable winter intensity, 3^et do not finish out 
 a creditable year. These are the ones, especially if good as 
 individuals, that test the mettle of the breeder when cull- 
 ing. They are breeding uncertainties and are best off the 
 program. 
 
 Insofar as our work has gone we find that color has 
 absolutely nothing to do with production. In other words 
 there is no correlation between the poor color and high pro- 
 duction as so many have tried to make us think. Our first 
 consideration is high production, but this without due re- 
 gard to reasonable color and breed type is not a good 
 breeding foundation. 
 
 I know a large plant that Avorks for high production 
 alone, and their slogan seems to be "It is impossible to 
 serve two masters at once." Hence — they claim, along 
 with many others, that production and good Standard 
 qualities, even to show quality, cannot be combined in the 
 same bird. We have not gone very far in the production 
 of real show birds, not, as yet, making any claim to ex- 
 hibition quality, but the work we have done and the con- 
 
40 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 sisteiit improvements from season to season, resulting in 
 a higher production average, proves to me that there is 
 just one obstacle to accomplishing this end. That is the 
 lack of will to perservere and study with this definite 
 object as an end. As regards the serving of two masters 
 •At the same time, in this connection, I feel like going one 
 step further and in place of that slogan use something 
 to the effect that it is desirable and possible to combine 
 both qualities into one harmonious whole, the object be- 
 ing to produce Standard-bred birds that will lay a credit- 
 able number of eggs. In this there is but one master, 
 althougii, possibly, a rather exacting one. 
 
 In breeding Reds there are certain laws that have to 
 be taken into consideration in the breeding of either ex- 
 hibition or production stock and these have to be even 
 more carefully observed when a combination of the two is 
 effected. In both cases — or shall we say all three, as they 
 represent different attitudes toward poultry breeding — 
 the prepotency of the breeding material is an important 
 factor. Unless birds have the power to transmit to tlieir 
 progeny the qualities wanted in the flock, little progress 
 will be made, and in working at first Avith any stock the 
 main object should be to find the best birds as regards 
 quality, using parent stock having this quality. As a safe 
 foundation, vigor should be considered first of all. Vigor 
 may be bred into a flock just as readily as five point 
 combs, red eyes, etc. No matter wiiat object is in view, 
 in poultry breeding, or what combination of objects, vigor 
 is first of all. Especially in production does this hold 
 true. The bird lacking in vitality, for any reason, will not 
 hold up under lieaA'y joroduction. 
 
 Prepotency holds an important place in production. 
 It has one splendid advantage, without which it would 
 be almost a will-o'-the-wisp, that is, it has the power of 
 reproducing itself. As a rule, a bird strong in prepotency 
 begets the same strong point in his offspring. 
 
 Many people place too great stress on feeding as the 
 source of high production. Feeding is part of the battle, 
 but two other elements are just exactly as important. The 
 production triangle to my mind is Breeding, Feeding and 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 41 
 
 Care. One without either of the others is like a ship 
 without a rudder. You may be sure in flocks that pro- 
 duce well there is 33 1-3 per cent of each of these factors, 
 which make up the whole. All the feed in Christendom, 
 without proper care, and fed to poor birds, will not bring 
 any but ordinary results. Just the same with well-bred 
 birds poorly cared for and fed improperly. Or, Avith the 
 best of feed and bii'ds not rightly combined. 
 
 ' We have learned that in order to realize the lieight of 
 our ambitions it has been, is, and will be necessary to 
 sacrifice many of the superficial things of life. Many start 
 with a wonderful spurt of enthusiasm but lack staying 
 qualities. To such people I would suggest that they em- 
 ploy themselves Avith inanimate things. Then, Avhen in- 
 terest lags and the body tires they can take that ''sighed 
 for-' A'acation and nothing Avill suffer througli neglect. The 
 care of God's creatures, Avhether hens, hogs or cattle is 
 a man sized job. 
 
 To the one Avilling to count the cost there is an open 
 road to success. Start Avith quality. The road is too long 
 to Avaste time on infei-ior stock of any kind. This does 
 not necessarily mean that your birds be shoAV Avinners, 
 preferably not, for the ordinary man. As the foundation 
 of the flock, use birds that can be recognized as Standard 
 bred Avithout a placard. A good test, were it possible, 
 Avould be to put the Standard into the hands of someone 
 never having heard of Rhode Island Reds. Let them look 
 at the^ birds under consideration and then find that bird 
 in the Standard. If they could locate them the birds 
 should be pretty representative of the breed. 
 
 When the start is made, do not expect every bird to 
 produce 200 eggs nor to beget all 100 per cent chicks. Iji 
 picking the good ones remember it is also necessary to find 
 the poor ones and, in a Avay, it adds to the interest. If 
 50 per cent of the stock you start Avith proves good as 
 breeding material — shake hands Avitli yourself. 
 
 Start Avith quality, not quantity. For the first year 
 four females should supply all the chicks that one can 
 study and work effectively Avith. In our first year's work 
 with the pen headed by old Tat, Ave hatched, from the 
 
42 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 four hens, close to 200 chicks, rearing 180 to maturity. 
 
 If such a pen is correctly mated, it is possible during 
 the succeeding year, to have your families to work with. 
 If the majority of these prove good, the next season there 
 is material for an almost indefinite number of lines. Many 
 Avill do well for a short time and then prove of little value 
 and have to be discarded. If your original purchase proves 
 good, return to the same breeder for ''new" blood. Tell 
 him what you have accomplished and especially tell him 
 of the weak points in your matings. If he is worth his 
 salt he will take a keen interest in your work and in help- 
 ing you advance. In case you are entirely dissatisfied 
 with the results from any stock you have and feel a change 
 advisable, do not bawl out the first breeder to the second. 
 Say nothing about him, but do tell him what you have 
 and Avliat you have not in stock. Remember, in buying 
 Reds, there are only a few main arteries, the other strains 
 being tributary veins. 
 
 Constructive breeding is best attained by trapnesting. 
 Not that many good birds have not been produced out- 
 side of the trapnested plant. They surely have; some 
 wonders. The drawback in this is the necessity of using 
 too many birds to get the desired results, and not knowing 
 Avliich are the good ones. 
 
 Trapnesting to get the records of a bunch of commer- 
 cial egg hens is a waste of time. The real value of the 
 trapnest is in the pedigree possibilities Avhen it is used. 
 By trapnesting and pedigreeing the chicks, with careful 
 records, it is possible to know how each bird was produced. 
 As history repeats itself it is comparatively easy to lo- 
 cate the combination of birds that produce the poor ones 
 and not make the same combination in another year's 
 work. 
 
 This applies to all the points desired in a flock. Pro- 
 duction, vigor, color, type, etc. When it is possible to 
 identify the mating producing some very fine character- 
 istics, it is mighty interesting and instructive to study the 
 male and female producing it. 
 
 Inferior shelled and colored eggs can, to a great ex- 
 tent, be influenced. For example. A hen lays a poor egg 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 43 
 
 and has a tendency to transmit tMs to lier progeny. Mate 
 lier with a prepotent male from a prepotent dam a good 
 egg and it is almost a certain fact that a larg per cent of 
 the offspring will lay a much better egg than their dam. 
 This I have proven to my entire satisfaction. 
 
 Another thing we are working on, although experi- 
 ments have not covered time enough to make the results 
 as positive as in the case of poor eggs. This is the hatch- 
 ability of eggs. I am now practically convinced that 
 hatchability is transmitted and improvement is possible 
 through i^repotency of the parent stock in this one thing. 
 Tests to prove this must be exhaustive, and frequently 
 interfere with some other factor. One case I will cite for 
 what it is worth : We had one female whose eggs hatched 
 less than 30 per cent. This happened regularly and con- 
 sistently, no matter how or wiien incubated or what male 
 mated to. In her second year she was mated to a male 
 whose dam had given us over 90 per cent hatchability for 
 two years. This second year with the poor hatching dam 
 gave the same ration of chicks from her eggs but, in two 
 pullets from her the next year we had a strong 80 per cent 
 hatchability. This is not enough to prove anything, but 
 it is strong enough, so I am going to make as careful 
 observation as possible another year. 
 
 At Amherst the past summer, poor hatchability was 
 taken up by Professor Sanctuary and he observed one thing 
 which I also noted. In breaking a large number of eggs 
 containing chicks dead in the shell, it was noted the posi- 
 tion of the chick in the shell seemed to have an influence 
 on its mortality, and in several cases this checked up shoAV- 
 ing a lot of these came from the same hen. Heredity 
 again. This brings me to the relative hatchability of eggs 
 from extra good, fair and poor layers. Much stress has been 
 put, of late, on the heavy layer not being a good breeder, 
 that we have observed this phase with interest. I think 
 the trouble has been that the production of the natural 
 layer was competing with that of the forced layer. There 
 is bound to be a great difference. The only trouble I have 
 had in checking this that we do not allow the poor layer 
 to reach the season of incubation. We cannot afford to 
 
44 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 experiment with them, so market such as soon as we are 
 sure they are of no value. 
 
 The observations we have made in our pedigree work 
 have been about as follows : A hen laying one day, skip- 
 I)ing two, then an egg, etc., may hatch a possible two out 
 of ten. This witli the exception perhaps of very old breed- 
 ers; althongli they, as a rule, show great intensity if they 
 have been producers in tlie ])ast. The medium layer who 
 lays the regular day and ski]) a day rate will supply about 
 a 50 per cent hatch. The hen of high intensity — not forced 
 — Avill ))e the one (nine times out of ten) to give the big 
 hatches. Of course all contributary things must be run- 
 ning good oi- this part cannot b(^ estimated as of much 
 value. 
 
 One of these things is care of the male heading the 
 pens. Low fertility is often caused by his neglect. As a 
 breeding factor, the male lias been considered to the ne- 
 glect of tlie hens but as regar-ds th<^ production of fertility 
 and liatchability the females have had the largest amount 
 of attention. True, tins is very important, but the male 
 out of condition infhicnces the ontii-e output of eggs from 
 the pen. Attend to his feeding, .\rany say, ''Let them 
 shift for themselves."" All I'ight, as far as it goes, but 
 unless some s])ecial cjire is taken, a good breeder will in 
 nine cases out of ten lose flesh and become run down. 
 His very value as a breeder, attention to his mates, stops 
 him from getting propei- food. He s(^ratches, calls the 
 hens and leaves the giain. This a good male will do regu- 
 larly. A shallow ]>an on the wall, into which his grain 
 may be throAvn, will iceep him O. K. Use a little discretion 
 in this. We feed a fair feed once daily this way. In some 
 pens it is hard to luit tlie cup oi- pan high enough so the 
 male can i-each it and so it will still be above the reach of 
 the hens. They will do some wonderful stunts to get the 
 grain out of the feeder. 
 
Hatching and Brooding 
 
 The liatfliiiig ami blooding of tlio chicks play an im- 
 portant part in the future births; almost as much as the 
 work clone in the mating, feeding and care of tlie parent 
 stock. Incubators are run too hot, too cold, eggs are 
 turned carelessly or not often enough, all leaving their 
 mark on the chick. The first thing to do is to learn to 
 operate the incubators and brooders according to instruc- 
 tions. If all else is Avell and reasonable and success is 
 not obtained, write the manufacturer. There may be some 
 little thing you have overlooked. AVe have used various 
 makes of incubators and have at last settled on the 
 "Prairie State" as meeting our needs the best so far. 
 
 In cut No. 30, may be seen part of our incubating room. 
 In this cut I am placing eggs in pedigree bags on top of 
 one of the machines. This picture shows our incubating 
 conditions Avhich differ radically from most. My routine 
 is as follows : In the morning when I first rise I put my 
 coffee on to percolate, Avash my hands and turn all eggs 
 that are due to be turned. After breakfast I fill and fix 
 all lamps. About ten a. ni. all eggs incubating over three 
 days are again turned, tlien again about four p. m. and the 
 last thing at night about 10 p. m., making four turnings 
 per day. With this exception I follow the instructions of 
 the manufacturers exactly. In order to turn eggs outside 
 the machine as is necessary with the average machine, the 
 outside temperature must be above GO degrees or there 
 will not be heat units enough supplied to the chick during 
 the 21 days of incubation to ripen it and have it hatch 
 on time. All of our chicks are hatched and pedigree band- 
 ed in this room. 
 
 After being left in V.w nursery until they commence to 
 raise a rumpus (that's the only thing I can think of when 
 they are ready for the brooder), they are placed in flan- 
 nel lined baskets — with hot a\ ater bottle in cold weather — 
 and carried to the side lawn to the Hodgson Baby Chick 
 House shown in Cut No. 1 in the angle of the house. Both 
 roofs are shown raised in this picture. This is placed in the 
 corner, as it is a most wonderfully protected spot and does 
 
46 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 not get the wind during the -cliicks first few days. As 
 soon as another hatch is due I move these to one of the 
 more exposed houses and clean, the corner one so that it 
 is ready for the next hatcli. In opening the brooder to 
 care for them they are not exposed to as much wind as 
 the others. Tliis is only a small item but the chick itself 
 is a pretty small thing until it is a week or more old. 
 
 We find for our work the Hodgson Baby Chick House 
 is the sure road to chick growth. Note in cut No. 1 the 
 possibilities of ventilation. Every inch of this brooder 
 can be opened to direct rays of the sun. On the left of 
 the cut one is shown with roof partly raised. This admits 
 ventilation on warm days, when rainy. Chicks — about 
 sixty-five to a Chick House — are grown in these until they 
 are transferred to the house at my right, in cut No. 32. 
 (I stand on a box and am just turning a page of address 
 to Connecticut Poultry Association members.) This has 
 another style oil hover. 
 
 From this, as soon as they are hardened off, we move 
 them to the combination range coops shown in cuts Nos. 
 11 and 17. We have twenty-four of these and they are the 
 finest of anything for the chicks. We get them portable 
 from E. C. Young of Randolph, Mass., and they can be set 
 up in a few moments time. Each section is 3 x 6 feet and 
 can be taken on a wheelbarrow and moved easily by one 
 man. By the time the chicks are put into these houses 
 with an old style oil hover they can stand most any sort 
 of weather but can, in a pinch, be confined, as they have 
 the open front part as a scratch pen. Feeders are placed 
 on stands about six inches from the floor; also, milk and 
 water founts are thus kept free from litter. Again, the 
 ventilation of these coops is fine and, as a growing chick 
 throws off a lot of body heat, good ventilation is very 
 essential to keep them healthy. 
 
 We place the roosts in these coops just as soon as the 
 hover is removed. These are four inches wide and placed 
 one foot from the floor. It is seldom I have to put a 
 chick on the roost. At first they learn to hop on them 
 during the daytime, and shortly all are comfortably perch- 
 ed at night. This puts a stop to corner crowding as soon 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 47 
 
 as the hover is removed and gives each chick an equal 
 chance. 
 
 I fully believe two reasons why hen reared chicks often 
 do better than brooder reared, all other conditions being 
 the same, are due to two things, crowding and poor venti- 
 lation. The nearer one can come to following nature's 
 way in rearing chicks, the better the results. Of course 
 the commercial man cannot rear his thousands of chicks 
 in small units, it is an economic impossibility, but the 
 person actually breeding, putting in many hours of study 
 and work to attain improvement, cannot afford to throw 
 aw^ay his work just to save time on chick care. This is 
 too much like robbing Peter to pay Paul. 
 
 We find the Hodgson Baby Chick House will rear 
 chicks as well as the hen, if given reasonable care. It can 
 be used to care for chicks under conditions and at times 
 when hens are impracticable. In February we have few 
 hens that want to set, yet, in many phases of breeding the 
 February chick is an asset. In Massachusetts we have had 
 about all lands of winter weather that one can have, and 
 I have used my Hodgson Chick houses in February, with 
 a 100 per cent score on raising chicks. Coated with ice — 
 and a blizzard outside — made no difference. Of course a 
 shed would make it much easier for the attendant to do 
 the work but the brooder will function i>erfectly without, 
 which is a pretty good test. 
 
 Anyone working with high-grade poultry, wiio increas- 
 es their business to the point where outside help is neces- 
 sary, had best attend to their own incubating and brooding 
 unless they can get an absolutely efficient man or woman 
 to do this. They are very scarce. We feel it better to hire 
 some of the more laborious work done and look after the 
 immediate concern of the birds personally. Possibly at 
 some time we will expand to the point where Ave will dis- 
 cover that someone else can do things as they should be 
 done, but in the care of live stock of any sort, a pretty good 
 rule to follow in order to have things done as they should 
 be, is to do them yourself. 
 
 It is even better to continue to work for still higher 
 quality than increased numbers. We are too apt to say, 
 
48 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 •'Oh, Jones! He has 3,000 birds, which he winters." Or 
 on the other hand, ''Smith, I never heard of him, he can't 
 keep over a hnndred or we wonld know about him." 
 Smith's 100 birds miglit be really worth more than Jones' 
 3,000, but quantity spells success to many. Quantity is 
 usually necessary in selecting fine birds where lar^e 
 ma tings are used, but where careful and small matings are 
 made and every chick pedigreed, there is a greater chance 
 to get a larger percentage of good ones. In the small breed- 
 er's Avork ever\^ bird must have high individual merit to get 
 into the breeding pen and this has its effect on the chicks 
 hatched. 
 
 It is actually impossible for one man to care for a 
 large nund>er of birds when there is pedigree breeding and 
 work to be looked after. There are details connected with 
 this ])has(' of the work, Avhich many in the poultry business 
 nevei* realize. The overhead is enormous — for the number 
 of birds. I merely speak of this with the idea of not mis- 
 leading my readers into thinking that because Ave make 
 a good living from a flock of less than 125 breeders is 
 a get-rich-quick game. It is not. But it is well worth 
 the effort, Avhen acconq)anied l)y the necessary enthusiasm 
 and interest. 
 
Notes On Breeding and Pedigree Charts 
 
 To make our line of work clearer I am including the 
 pedigree of three chicks whose pictures appear on other 
 pages. These are 1922 chicks and their pedigrees show 
 exactly how they hfive been produced. Added to this are 
 the interesting cuts of several of each chick's ancestors. 1 
 
 34. — Number 79. Laid 3C'l eggs first year; 227 second year 
 heavily in moult. Note the breast and bowl and well balanced body 
 out of hen No. 9, and "Danny." 
 
 36. — Number 138 out of No. 17. Laid 241 eggs first year. See No. 
 37. 
 
 37. — Number 183 out of hen 138 — year complete, 191 eggs. 
 
 38. — Baby pullet out of No. 183. Note the type as chick. 
 
 wish I could even indicate tlie improvement in the color 
 as well. 
 
 In the pedigree of the chick from No. 17 showing the 
 leg and wing band, in cuts Nos. 7 and 8 it will be noted 
 
50 
 
 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 that the dam is five years old. In this season she was 
 mated back to a cockerel out of ISo. 79, whose sire was 
 ]nn' full brother. This cockerel traces back to the sire of 
 No. 17 thrice, and there are three direct tracings back to 
 No. 0, her half sister. The strengtliening vein in this com- 
 bination is that of No. 5 aiul "Daddy," wliich came down to 
 "Tinker" through No. ()7. 
 
 Tlie pedigree of the pullet in cut No. 38 sliows another 
 combination of blood strongest and most direct on the 
 same line, that of No. 17. In this case the pullet is the 
 great grand daughter of No. 17 and a study of the pedigree 
 chart AN'ill show bow No. 17 was mated to her half brothei' 
 sired by her sire, producing No. locS (see cut No. 
 8(>). No. 138 was mated to Tliunder, an entirely 
 unrelated male, l)reaking tlie closeness of the relationship. 
 
 27.— Number 115, 271 eggs first year. The hen with $1,000.00 
 type, which she transmits to her chicks. See 28 and 21). 
 
 28. — Son of Number 115. Note the wonderful racey lines — the 
 head showing business in every feature. 
 
 29. — Daughter of No. 115, th]'ee months old, a very promising 
 chick with body conformation strongly indicative of high production. 
 
 He was out of hen No. 7 and sired by "Daddy," two of the 
 l»ii(ls in (he second i»en we ])urchased in 1017. From this 
 mating of Tliundei- and No. 138 we had s])l(Midid results^ 
 one of the chicks l)eing No. 183 wlio, in 10122 Avas mated 
 to her half brother, "Thunder Two," a grandson of No. 0, 
 Avliich mating brings into tlie great grand daughter of No. 
 17— the chick is cut No. 3)8— the blood of No. 9. This 
 shows how we have l)red "in" and "out'' Avith the same fam- 
 ily lines, creating new combinations and strengthening 
 Aveak points as Avell as int(Misifying the strong. 
 
 The third pedigree is that of the cockerel and pulU't in 
 cuts Nos. 28 and 29 Avhich are, I think, the best examples 
 of the intense Avork Ave have done Avith the No. 9 l)lood. This 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 51 
 
 pedigree sIioavs the careful infusion of two new — or un- 
 related — lines, Avitli very close breeding on one line. A 
 little study of the chart and the cuts "will show how this 
 
 Pedigree of Single Comb Rhode Island Red 
 
 Seal Band Number Sex T? Date of Hatch7rt\j»^ V'^~V'\2.3^ Bred, Owned and Reared by 
 
 HERBERT A. DANIELS, Grafton, Massachusetts 
 
 Date Sold to 
 
 eNoAmJiiLlS 
 
 
 ,No. 1*^3 
 
 Par 
 
 5.11 -1- o-^- 17. 
 
 , N^llUMMiU*- 
 
 S,..eNoAM^ 
 
 I Dam No. - J 
 
 I . - 
 
 ■Sue NoSy aH 'fl'«-> 
 
 
 \cd 
 
 Dam No. sj 
 Sire No. It^-T 
 
 [Sire No. 
 
 7 
 
 I Dam No. 
 
 
 1 Si re No. 
 
 
 IDamNo.... 
 
 
 1 Sire No.. . 
 
 
 1 Dam No., 
 
 
 1 Si re No. 
 
 
 IDam No. . 
 
 
 1 Sire No. 
 
 r 
 
 IDamNo. 
 
 
 Dam No. I 
 
 I , 
 
 3. X 1. - 2- fc.^ trr. 
 
 ..so.*i^yj^ 
 
 IDamNo (, 
 
 IDam No. ' . 
 
 I Sire No, 
 IDamNo. 
 
 Dam No. I.-^P 
 
 cNo. I \L«JL*AV/ 
 
 .o.1tA,'t. 
 
 IDamNo. "« 5 
 (Sire No. I M 
 
 Dam No. .'--.I- 
 
 o < 
 
 t'Hn^p^M^ . 
 
 Peclig-ree No. 2. 
 
 has been instrumental in the results we have attained. 
 
 In pedigree !No. 3, the sire is a combination of the No. 
 9 blood and the No. 7 ''Daddy'' line. A son of No. 150, 
 who was out of hen No. 73, a daughter of No. 9, mated 
 to another daughter of No. 73 — sired by ''Smarty,'' the 
 
52 
 
 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 son of No. 67, who was No. 73's full sister. The new 
 blood on that side was being introduced via No. 07, who 
 was mated to a son of No. 5, "Daddy." On the sire's side, 
 this chick luis the fine combination of the blood of No. 7 
 
 Pedigree of Single Comb Rhode Island Red 
 
 Seal Band Numbtr 
 
 Sex'XW . Date of Hatch'XYVcw i4-lS2.X Bred, Owned and Reared by 
 
 HERBERT A. DANIELS, Grafton, Massachusetts 
 
 Sold to 
 
 VcCJuuhaC^ 
 
 
 
 T- 
 
 li,.- N,.Vj/iuaaL 
 
 lam No. V ( 
 
 Pam No. • 
 
 No-W I t>M 
 
 
 lam No ( , 
 
 ire No. K °^ 
 
 Dam No. '^ 
 
 S.re No. jQodL^L 
 Dam No. *t 
 
 IS, re No. ^a4jU4 
 IDamNo T , 
 
 ISire No. C*«Ui*«lvevv. 
 loamNo •. 
 
 (SireNo.nOHT 
 
 < =» I 
 
 IDamNo^ i . . 
 
 Sire No. ' 
 
 -TcJt 
 
 Dam No. I 
 
 I a 
 
 1 Dam No. I I 
 
 Dam No. r-'-. 
 
 (Sire No. 
 IDamNo. 
 
 Pedigree No. 1. 
 
 and No. 9, ''Danny" line, which in turn was mated to No. 
 150, who carries blood from King, Avhose ancestry com- 
 bines from another family carryijig- the original No. 1, 
 "Tat" blood, through Jimmy and No. 93. 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 53 
 
 While these combinations never were planned out be- 
 fore the pens were put together from season to season, 
 it has been possible to make some outline of the work 
 before mating to get the proper nicking of the various lines 
 
 Pedigree of Single Comb Rhode Island Red 
 
 Seal Band Number SexXWaJW. Date of HatchA!(\AA.c)l\ . *tr : . ) "^ 2- ^ Bred, Owned and Reared by 
 
 HERBERT A. DANIELS, Grafton, Massachusetts 
 
 
 Dam No. I \P 
 
 lotilUucWl 
 
 Dam No. I 1 4 
 
 ;No. r^l*4 
 
 ,.ia*d<jUj 
 
 Dam No. l.- 
 
 jSue No kWu-U 
 I Dam No. 1 
 
 oi&AMAfA^GW. 
 
 |Dam No ' 
 
 IS, re No. I cdt 
 
 i Dam No. S 
 
 (S.re No. I aX 
 I Dam No. I 
 
 S3 
 
 Dam No. I 50 
 
 Dam No. 1 <-> 
 
 ,No^at 
 
 n No. ^ 
 
 ? No.»JKa.«jwa**^ 
 
 ■n No. l 
 
 s;*3pWiA*Jm 
 
 ^Tot 
 
 NO. ^1 
 
 ^G iSiieNo.Vojt 
 
 o. .1 :^ I 
 
 |Dam No. I 
 
 o.f^hiLl^"'^-"^^-^':^^ 
 
 I IDam No. ,' 
 
 IDam N 
 
 j Dam No. '-' 
 
 .^oU^ 
 
 No.^1 
 
 Ixr-XyU 
 
 iDamNo^^ 
 
 (SireNori<%i 
 lOamAo^ I 
 
 Dam No. IP 
 
 Dam No I 
 
 (Dam No., 
 
 DamNu I, , 
 
 Pedigree No. 3. 
 
 that offered the greatest breeding possibilities. Each year 
 the work had been surer and the results have been 
 estimated more accurately, shoAving we have found the 
 the right blood traits. 
 
54 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 The present year's crop of youngsters show the best 
 breeding and also show more established characteristics 
 than any percentage of any previous year's birds. The 
 fact that the characteristics we w^ant most are becoming 
 fixed in the larger percentage of the young stock is proof 
 of the constructive nature of our operations, which makes 
 the Avork after all seems mucli less than it would were we 
 always struggling against a blind wall. I fully believe 
 this i-apid iiiiprovement is oidy ])ossible where each bird 
 in each mating has its full value tested as a breeder by 
 careful pedigree of all its progeny. In this Avay the fe- 
 males are studied as closely as tlie males, Avhich is very 
 necessai'V to i-apid improvement. 
 
 When the finished product is ready to be disposed of, 
 another man sized job confronts the poultry man. Many 
 breeders have good stock and are willing to give fine values 
 but through some lack of foresight or lack of ''selling 
 sense" fail to get the market their goods deserve. Our 
 work in this line has been a sort of evolution, and I am 
 going to give a slight outline of the history of it as I am 
 sure the reading Avill be interesting at least, and may help 
 others just at this point. 
 
 Before the consideration of any advertising one must 
 be sure to have just Avliat the juiblic Avants. In poultry 
 selling, it is practically imi)ossible to cultivate a market 
 as has been done in some things that have been put on the 
 the market. After being reasonably sure you have Avhat 
 the public is looking for, use every legitimate means to 
 let them knoAV you have it and Avill sell. Granted you 
 have a mighty good line of stuff, unless you have the poAver 
 to set tlie merits of your flock into Avritten form to create 
 interest, get some one used to the Avork to do it for you. 
 Keep your name as associated Avith some particular and 
 desii'able feature of your stock always before the public. 
 
 AVhen Ave first commenced advei-tising Ave used a local 
 neAvs])aper. This is not usually a good medium for good 
 stock but I made it a study to Avord my copy so people 
 Avould look for it from Aveek to Aveek, ahvays leading from 
 one Aveek\s ad to another. This proved good business, and 
 manv told us thcA' looked toi- our little fiftA' cent ad after 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 55 
 
 reading the news headlines. As we outgrew this class of 
 trade and had stock which merited a larger field of cus- 
 tomers, we commenced with a classified ad in the Red 
 Journal. This brought business, and we then took dis- 
 play space. We have never exceeded four inches and find 
 that this size ad handles our present capacity, bringing in 
 a steady and growing number of new inquiries. 
 
 After your prospect has been prompted to w^rite you, 
 the sale is far from made, and lack of care in making your 
 reply to his inquiry ^^'ill lose many a sale. Form letters 
 cannot be used as a dozen inquiries may come in on one 
 mail and no two in anyway resembling each other. It is 
 possible to help out on tlie letter writing, which is a good 
 sized job, by some carefully prepared and timely mimeo- 
 graph or printed sheets. These can be made to cover vari- 
 ous phases of selling. 
 
 Our first hatching egg shipments were made in 1919. 
 This was before we had any x)edigreed stock to sell and the 
 office work Mas very light. Month by month the mail 
 increased. 
 
 In 1920 when ^\Q sold back to Owen Farms a pen of 
 ten record females directly out of the original pen which 
 we purchased from "Sir. Delano, and he made the fine 
 arrangement which booked our pens in his mating list, 
 we commenced to do a real business. Our own work was 
 becoming known and the publicity of the arrangement with 
 OAven Farms combined to give us a real standing in the 
 ''Red World." Mr. Delano, a keen business man, saw the 
 advantage of this arrangement, not only to us, but to 
 himself, because it showed plainly Avhat could be done with 
 his stock by keeping one hundred per cent pure. This was. 
 to us, an entirely unlooked for outcome of the application 
 of our ideas.. 
 
 Our little plant, started with four yearling hens and a 
 cockerel, has grown steadily in output and is convincing 
 proof of what can be done by application, work and de- 
 termination to succeed. ''Xothing succeeds like success" 
 is true, and after the first few hard years, one should be 
 able to keep improving this work from season to season. 
 It never will do to let up on constant vigilance, but the 
 
56 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 elementary experience should prevent much of the so-called 
 ''bad luck" the poultry man cries about. 
 
 We are now looking for a larger area, not so much 
 with a view to increasing the breeding capacity, but to 
 simplify the rearing of the chicks and make more yard 
 room for all stock. We feel, hoAvever, that whatever suc- 
 cess we may achieve in the future Avill be dependent on 
 the conquering of our present difficulties. 
 
Office Routine 
 
 Many very fine poultry men and women have not had 
 office training and are at sea ^\'hen it conies to the neces- 
 sary clerical work involved in giving to the public the 
 service their good money pays for. Correspondence must 
 be properly attended to, records correctly kept, and orders 
 booked in a way to insui'C no oversight on w^rong filing. 
 This positively requires a system. Our was evolved 
 with the help of an office equipment expert, wiio, however, 
 was not familiar with poultry work. We gave him an idea 
 of our needs, that which we must keep track of and the 
 necessity for so doing and, through his interested sugges- 
 tion, we now have a very complete and efficient method. 
 I w^ell remember tlie first time he came to size up our 
 needs. It was quite a joke to him (he laughing to himself, 
 as he has since admitted) that anyone Avitli a few hens in 
 the back yard should want to put in steel filing Today 
 he has quite a large respect for the poultry business and 
 is very prompt in filling our- orders 
 
 In the January 1922 Red Journal appeared our entire 
 office system and T am leproducing it herewith : 
 
 So much has been said concerning the feeding, 
 care and breeding of Keds and very little about the very 
 important part devoted to handling the sales, etc., that in 
 answer to many appeals for same, I am going to outline 
 our methods and policy. 
 
 In many cases that I have come in contact with very 
 little attention has been paid to this end of the work until 
 it was necessary to hire competent help and get a working 
 
 John Doe 1-10-21 Xey E 
 
 Albany, Michigan. 9-2-21 C. 
 
 2ind inquiry-chlc^g" 6-5-21 
 3rd " cockerel 9-2-21 
 
 system under way. This is unnecessary as anyone even 
 selling but a few birds or a fcAV settings of eggs can for a 
 very small sum be efficiently equipped to have a really 
 good foundation for a larger business later on. 
 
 This simple initial equipment can consist of one wood- 
 
58 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 en 3x5 card filo and tliroe oi-dinary pasteboard letter files, 
 and three 4v() card files. Tlii.s is tlie system of using these: 
 The 3x5 card has the name and address of the inquirer 
 on, also the date of inquiry and when subsequent letters 
 are received this date is put on, keeping the mailing list 
 up to the minute and allowing the breeder to discontinue 
 any names after a certain time wlien they are considered 
 
 John Doe Ship Warch 10-22 
 
 Albany, Michigan. Booked Dec. 3-21 
 
 15 eggB pen 10 
 
 8 « "1 
 Total Value $20.00 
 
 Cash 6.00 
 
 Due ^15.00 pd 2-20-22 
 
 EggB to be used as foundation stock. 
 
 in office parlance as "dead." This time varies, 
 them two years. 
 
 The 4x() cai'd files are labeled ''egg orders"', ''stock or- 
 der'' and "oiders sliipped". Figure 2 shows Iioav a stock or- 
 der is cared for. It is tiled under guides indicating dates of 
 shipment. Egg orders tlie same. When the order is ship- 
 ped the card is removed from oi'ders, and placed under 
 
 John Doe, Ship Oct. 10-21 
 
 Albany, Michigan. Booked 9-2-21, J^ 
 
 1 S. Oi RED COCKEREL. #100. *^w 
 
 Total Value $20.00. g. P" 
 
 Cash 5.00 o o 
 
 Due _$i6^Q9_ pd 9-20-21. g-g 
 
 r3 
 
 1 « H 
 
 a>n 
 I 
 
 ^^ M 
 
 M 9 
 
 • e*- 
 
 To mate John Jones stocky smut bar desired. ^ 
 
 alphabetical guides as an order shipped, note of time of 
 shipment being written aci-oss end of cai-d as indicated. 
 
 , tO 
 
 m 
 
 ' ^^ 
 
 V 
 
 
 H- 
 
 o 
 
 •d 
 
 5* 
 
 Ti 
 
 H" 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 p. 
 
 X 
 
 
 IS 
 
 0) 
 
 P 
 
 o 
 
 m a* 
 
 
 p 
 
 (S 
 
 ►d c*- 
 
 OQ 
 
 <D o 
 
 OT 
 
 'i D* 
 
 (D 
 
 o 
 
 
 MP. 
 
 0» 
 
 (D >, 
 
 1 
 
 «+ 
 
 *-» 
 
 r* <J 
 
 o 
 
 O <S 
 
 1 
 
 >i ^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 •<! 
 
 to 
 
 *> 
 
 
 1 m 
 
 
 0> c+ 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 CO o 
 
 
 W 3 
 
 
 OT 
 
 
 s. We hold 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 59 
 
 When tliat order is heard fi-om — if ever — a note of what- 
 ever the customer has to say is made. These are instantly 
 accessible for information. 
 
 The three letter files are used as follo\^'s : one for in- 
 quiries, one for customers and one for general price lists, 
 small catalogues, receipts, etc., that are wanted for refer- 
 ence. 
 
 A typewriter is almost indispensable. One can get a 
 rebuilt machine reasonable. We used one for one year and 
 did not lay out one cent for repairs, then we purchased a 
 new Oliver, which, while being a low-priced machine, does 
 excellent work. Wlu'U a machine is used it is easy to keep 
 a carbon of every rei)ly made, order sent for supplies, etc. 
 Later I will show how valuable such is. 
 
 Stationery is important. The poultry breeder does a 
 mail order business and his first impression is made by his 
 advertisements, second by stationery. Use good paper. 
 It is an ear mark of the ])usiness man today. End^ossed 
 heads, etc., are not necessary. But do get a good quality 
 paper and euA^elopes. Have a good job of printing done, 
 l^oultry breeders are apt to go in for sensational station- 
 ery. Why, I do not know. ]Make your letterhead tell some 
 pertinent things about your birds, but keep all advertis- 
 ing off the envelopes. Many people interested in poultry 
 and likely to answer your advertisements do not care for 
 mail coming to tlieir address covered with cheap red or 
 vari-colored cuts. In all dealing with the public a little 
 conservation is safest. The sensational savors of the hux- 
 ter who caters to the cheap trade. By this I do not mean 
 low-priced trade. There is a very marked difference. 
 
 When w^e commenced our first selling we had just the 
 (equipment described. As the business grew Ave added card 
 files and letter files until we ^^'ere buried under so many 
 files and boxes wo added to our outfit a very com])lete steel 
 file. This is sectional and can be added to as we require. 
 Each letter section will car-e for 20,000 letters. Another 
 will hold 6,000 of the 3x5 cards. Below this is the four 
 drawer section caring for orders of eggs and stock. Be- 
 low that is a single drawer for any legal documents, bank 
 statements, etc., and two dvnwers holdinsi (5x8 cards on 
 
60 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 whicli we keep onr egg records, those cards being taken 
 from the pens and filed every two weeks. Below this is a 
 single letter file drawer used for some special work. We 
 find the "Security" line meets the needs of this work in 
 splendid shape and, while the initial cost may seem a bit 
 high, we liave equipment that will last as long as we and 
 stand any amount of usage. 
 
 Before one has use for any of this, one needs have an 
 advertisement or Wo. Make this in accordance with the 
 amount of stuff you have to sell. If you cannot write an 
 ad that has selling power, get some first class man in the 
 advertising business to coach you, or take a course in ad 
 writing. The same principles of selling apply to poultry 
 as to automobiles. Have the goods. Get people interested 
 through your ad. Do not claim Avhat you have not got. 
 Do not try to be sensational. Keep before the public all 
 the year through. Get all legitimate indirect publicity 
 possible in way of notes, 'Svas present" items, etc. The 
 more known your name is the better knoAvn your product 
 and the easier for people to buy of you. When the telling 
 ad gets a result the sale is yet to be made. This is where 
 poor, cheap looking stationery does not carry through the 
 first impression. Handle this with exactly the same dig- 
 nity as if you were selling very high grade furniture. Note 
 the stationery used V>y first class business houses and the 
 appeal it makes to you. When your inquiries come in 
 make a prompt iei)ly. ]Make it direct and in detail. If 
 any questions about your stock are asked, see that they 
 are answered fully. Do not use too many Avords in telling 
 what yon have to say, but do not be too skimpy. Make 
 each letter a personal one. Not merely a personal letter, 
 ])nt make it ha\ e the identifying marks shoA\ing it was 
 written to that one particular person and it could not be 
 an office form used for all. In poultry work Avhere breed- 
 ing birds and eggs are sold a form letter does not bring 
 business. 
 
 In describing your oAvn birds do not forget that the 
 one you are writing to has a good opinion of his OAvn stock 
 and possibly has a good right to have. Tell it as it is. Do 
 not over-rate yonr own. Writ" tliat lotter just as ^hough 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 61 
 
 you were to receive it and wanted it to satisfy. Next, if 
 the prospective customer feels that you have that which he 
 wants he will send you a payment. In your first letter 
 you should give all details of ordering, payments and your 
 guarantee ( which nuist be a money -back one to be of any 
 value) unless this is covered by printed matter. When you 
 receive the money order or check, acknowledge it at once 
 and give any necessary information concerning shipments. 
 AMien stock or eggs are shipped, send a notice along. 
 
 Now it will occur in some instances that opinions will 
 differ as to the value of a bird. You will write your de- 
 scription of what you have all in good faith. When the 
 customer gets the bird he does not see it as you wrote. It 
 is difficult to describe things on paper as they actually 
 are. In this case the customer is dissatisfied. He may not 
 know real values. There was a time when most of us did 
 not, so it's nothing to become profane over. He may send 
 the stock back, which he has a perfect right to do under 
 your money-back guarantee within your specified time lim- 
 it. In this case send his money back as quickly as you 
 can. He may write you a very sarcastic letter. Any 
 poultryman who has sold birds for five years could show 
 some that would start a laAvsuit in any other business. 
 Some written in dead earnest, too, from people sincerely 
 believing themselves "done". These are very difficult to 
 handle. The only safe way is to be sure they get their 
 money back at once and treat them with the utmost cour- 
 tesy.- It may be difficult, as I have seen letters that would 
 reduce almost any red-blooded man to a savage. I have in 
 my possession several entire sets of correspondence con- 
 cerning poultry deals that have been sent me by j)oultry- 
 men to know ^\]\i\t on earth could bo done to protect them 
 from such insults. In one case a breeder sold to another 
 breeder a bird. He did not like him for some reason and 
 resold him. Would not even let the breeder of whom he 
 bought supply him with a bird to use in his pen and really 
 as I read and re-read the many letters in this case all i 
 could think of was an old saying, "He would kick if he 
 was going to be hung." There seemed to be no possible ad- 
 justment of the trouble and the breeder offered him a bird 
 
62 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 gratis after all the rumpus. Another case I call to mind 
 was one in which a prospective customer did not want to 
 pay for a bird ; said he never did business on that basis, but 
 finally did pay cash and did not like the bird. There was 
 no way to satisfy him. He would not take his money back 
 nor another bird, but complained of the fact that he had 
 been compelled to pay cash. Said he never would do busi- 
 ness that way again. You may be sure if either of these 
 parties wrote me asking quotations I Avould not quote. 
 These letters were sent me in confidence to see if there was 
 any way in which I could us them as examples. 
 
 It is good to be able to say, however, that these are very 
 unusual cases. They do occur and arc very difficult to 
 handle without antagonizing the customer and Avith dig- 
 nity to the breeder. These instances are where the use of 
 carl)ons in all correspondence is of inestimable value. 
 
 I am today in receipt of another lot of correspondence 
 of a similar natui-e in which the badly used customer 
 wants to inform th(> man with whom lie has been dealing 
 that he is a liar. In this case I have the carbons of the 
 breeder's letters and he has practically offered to give the 
 man a bird to suit rather than have him dissatisfied. The 
 customer even went so far as to write the breeder he was 
 going to copy every letter and send same to the Red Jour- 
 nal for publication. This was rather amusing when the 
 same breeder was doing all in his ]K)wer to more than live 
 up to his guarantees. 
 
 The meat of this is to be able to avoid those annoying 
 experiences. I Avould suggest three things as of much im- 
 portance in doing this : 
 
 First. Cash for all dealings with a strict money-back 
 if not satisfied guarantee. Live up to it. You, as sales- 
 men, AvoiTt send out birds not of good value under this 
 rule. 
 
 Second. (Jive freely all help asked foi- in any way con- 
 nected Avith the work. Do not hnxL' any loaning or bor- 
 I'owing of birds or make any exceptions in price to any- 
 one. These things always lead to comi)li(ations. 
 
 Third. Conduct your business insofar a?? you are cap- 
 able the same as anv other legitimate business. Read all 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 letters of inquiry with care. Get the customer's viewpoint. 
 Answer his questions fully. Never cut in price after first 
 quotations. Go careful Avith the man who writes you that 
 he has always been badly treated, cheated by all and the 
 victim of "bad luck". 
 
 Kemember in all dealings to be courteous, dignified 
 and honest. These are cardinal virtues in any business. 
 
 Aside from the actual work in the office of the poultry 
 breeder there are some things that make the business have 
 more tone. One is in making shipments. Use standard 
 made boxes for stock. Put clean shavings in and a good 
 cup of water. Label the crate plainly and have it made of 
 as light lumber as possible. These things insure better 
 care in transit, a. better advertisement for you by all Avho 
 see the shipment. The same with eggs. Pack them well. 
 Do not stint of interlinings or packing material. Have 
 well printed labels plainly addressed. 
 
 In all Avork connected with the breeding, rearing, sell- 
 ing stock or eggs from your flock of Rhode Island Reds, re- 
 member, "What's worth doing at all is worth doing well.'' 
 
 In cut No. 2 is shown a picture of our office, which 
 used to be our dining room, as it appears today. The re- 
 print above from the Red Journal explains all the details 
 of the filing syst(MU, with the exception of the very top of 
 the middle section which has been added since that article 
 was written and Avhicli cares for the correspondence from 
 all foreign countries, the AVestern Poultry Journal infor- 
 mation bureau and one section is devoted to miscellaneous 
 cards. 
 
 Just as the closing pages of this book are being Avritten 
 we had our biggest day, Avhich, to an extent, shoAvs the 
 value of the Avork we are doing in the New England poul- 
 tryman's eyes. In the accompanying cut is shoAvn a group 
 of poultry men and Avomen Avho made up the Connecticut 
 Poultry Association tour this year, as they appeared listen- 
 ing to an account of our Avork, on August 17. AVe pracard- 
 ed evei-y interesting feature Ave could of the Avork and had 
 a display of birds in exhibition coops at right of the pic- 
 ture in AvMcli practically all the birds in the cuts in this 
 book were shoAvn. The fact that the thermometer stood at 
 
64 
 
 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 120 degrees nearly all day when this pai-ty was at our 
 place indicates some ])retty enthusiastic ])on]try men and 
 women. 
 
 Nearly all tlie cuts sliown on these pages are self ex- 
 ])lanatory Avith the help of the captions. In writing this 
 I know^ I will feel 1 liave neglected many things that many 
 Avould like to know about, and doubtless gone into details 
 not interesting to some. Should I ever decide to try again 
 I am sure I could make a more interesting job of it. I 
 sincerely hope some may find a few hints that will prove 
 helpful. It has been our jji-actice from the very first to 
 
 Connecticut Poultry Association at Daniels' Plant, August 17, 1922. 
 
 give freely to the public whatever infornmtion we could, 
 thnt would be of help. Not only has this been a literal 
 boomerang to us but it has been of some little help to oth- 
 ers, I know. Anything that stimulates interest in, and 
 helps any business is bound to Ix'uefit all concerned. It 
 is a pretty good ideal to follow^ — ^"helping othcM-s to help 
 themselves." 
 
 In closing I am going to give a few recipes for home 
 treatment of sick birds that may help until a good remedy 
 for the ailment may be obtained. We keep a corner 
 stocked with Happy Hen remedies. Tliey have proven ex- 
 cellent and to tlie point A\'hen needed, which is seldom. 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 65 
 
 Ginger Pills. 
 
 For indigestion, diairhea, colds, etc., in fact wherever 
 a warming, sliglitly tonic pill can be used. One dally. 
 1 teas;])oo)jful powdered ginger 
 1 teaspoonful poAvdered nuistard. 
 1 teaspoonful powdered sulphur. 
 1 teaspoonful powdered asafoetida. 
 Vo teaspoon ix)Avdered red pepper. 
 Mix with lard to make pills and roll in powdered 
 charcoal. Pills size of marble. 
 
 Douglas Mixture. 
 
 Valuable as a tonic for molting birds, especially. Dose, 
 one ounce in a gallon of water three times a week. 
 
 One pound copperas. Dissolve in two gallons of water. 
 Add, stirring well, one ounce oil of vitriol. Keep in jugs. 
 
 For Vent Gleet. 
 
 Remove bird from pen. Wash parts twice daily with a 
 very strong solution of Permanganate of Potash. Clean 
 hands thoroughly. Do not get any of the discharge in 
 eyes. With scrupulous care infection may be destroyed 
 in ten days. 
 
 Canker. 
 
 Paint with iodine and remove the cheeselike growth. 
 Get a good canker remedy as soon as possible. 
 
 Frosted Combs. 
 
 1'haw with snoAv or ice water as soon as noted. Ai)ply 
 carbolated vaseline freely. Look out for the next cold 
 snap. 
 
 Bumble Foot. 
 
 Lance and cleanse wound. Vhg peroxide. Bandage 
 and dress daily. 
 
 Running at Nose, Sneezing and Rattling in Throat. 
 
 Use a good rouj) remedy, cleanse nostiil and apply cai- 
 bolated vaseline or camphorated oil freely. In sudden 
 cases where a roup remedy is not immediately available, 
 a few drops of some standard liniment, such as Sloan's 
 ( on a bit of biead ) , will often give relief. 
 
66 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 Soft Shelled Eggs. 
 
 Soft shelled eggs are caused by fright or over fat, also 
 by a forcing ration. Remove cause. Two teaspoonsful Sul- 
 phate of Magnesia to a quart of Avater. Feed cut clover 
 and plenty of clean oyster shell, which w^ill correct this 
 trouble unless caused by some actual diseased condition 
 of the oviduct. 
 
 Egg Bound. 
 
 This is frequently noted in cold snaps, especially in 
 pullets just, commencing production. Remove to warm 
 room, bathe vent with Avarm water and apply olive oil. 
 Put one teaspoon ful of Hayden's Viburnum Compound in 
 one ounce of warm Avatei' and give one teaspoonful every 
 fifteen minutes until distress is relieved. 
 
 Feather Eating. 
 
 File beak point so the tip Avill not meet. This allows 
 bird to merely ''comb" the feathers. Also apply a strong 
 solution of bitter aloes to feathers. Filing the beak is also 
 a good preventative for egg eating, but birds must be fed 
 grain in a trough as the beak is ver^^ tendei'. Adding oue- 
 half pound of salt to each 100 pounds of mash Avill some- 
 times supply tlie need indicated by this vice. 
 
 Crop Bound. 
 
 Make an incision one and one-half inches long in outer 
 skin of crop, after removing a few feathers. Then make 
 a smaller cut in inner skin. With buttonhook and finger 
 remoA^e the contents, being sure all is removed, and Avasli 
 out with peroxide solution. Scav inner skin with three 
 i^urgeon's stitches (take up stitch and tie, then cut the 
 thread). Then sew, separately, the outer skin. Feed very 
 liglitly for a couple of days and on soft food for a Aveek. 
 
 When it is necessary to administer any medicine to a 
 hen or chick a me<licine dropper AAdll be found a valuable 
 hel]). Castor oiJ had best be given in capsules, as there 
 is danger of strangulation Avhen poured down gullet. 
 
 To break up broody hens, remove from nest the first 
 night they take to nest and place in pen where there is 
 no litter for nesting material. We use a 3x6 colony coop 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 67 
 
 with O. K. litter on floor. Feed exactly as in laying pens 
 and give an outside run if possible. A series of colored 
 bands may be used wliere trapnesting is not practiced, to 
 learn the number of times in a year a hen is broody. 
 
 Regarding Advertisements. 
 
 Just a few of the people whose goods wd have used 
 have been given a chance to take advertising space in the 
 back of book. 
 
 The Happy Hen remedies we use, and we find tliem as 
 advertised. 
 
 E. C Young of Randolph, Mass., has supplied about 
 all the portable poultry houses, exhibition cooi)s, etc., we 
 have used. They are well made, economical and easy to 
 put together. 
 
 Arthur Spiller, manufacturer of leg bands, puts out 
 one of the finest trapnest bands to be had today. In cut 
 No. 18 is a picture of old No. 2, who has on one of his 
 bands, which has been in use five years. All the other 
 birds in different cuts have tlie original bands with wliich 
 they were started on their life work. 
 
 Carbolineum and Cut Clover we use all the year round. 
 Both are staple articles and of great value to the poultry- 
 man, each in its own line. 
 
 D. J. Edmonds has devised the account book for poultry- 
 men. Too many people raising chicks have no method of 
 keeping track of the financial end. They never know 
 where they stand or if they are losing or gaining. This 
 system is so simple and accurate that any grammar school 
 boy or girl can keep the accounts to a penny. It is of in- 
 estimable value Avhen the point is reached that calls for 
 an interview with the income tax man. Of course many 
 will say that time will never come. We thought so once, 
 but it is impossible to tell and it is a pretty good aim to 
 make to reach it. The Edmonds Safety Account Book 
 will help you get there, and know it when you arrive. 
 
 This fall we commence work on a check pen of birds 
 to have as fair a test as is humanly possible on the Grandin 
 Red Flag feeds. For several years we have watched var- 
 
SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 
 
 ions feed concoins Avitli interest. The letters I have had 
 tlirough the information bureaus have given quite a key 
 to many kinds of feed. All things considered, we finally 
 consented to give tlie Ked Fhig feeds a thorougli test. The 
 pen with which this test is to be made will be in direct 
 competition with another on our own scheme of feeding. 
 The birds Avill be selected as near alike in body conforma- 
 tion and breeding as is possible and, aside from feed, the 
 care will be identical. Tlie manufacturers and ourselves 
 both have confidence in this test, and on its results will 
 depend a good deal of our future work. Hatchability of 
 eggs and groAvth of young stock will be given a fair and 
 unprejudiced workout, card indexing of all work being 
 carefully followed from day to day. I feel free even now 
 in speaking highly of Grandin Feeds, judging from the 
 appearance and analysis and also from the high standing 
 of all connected with their manufacture. 
 
 Other ads si)eak for themselves. We do not claim any 
 one thing is best, but of the things we have used these have 
 given entire satisfaction to date. 
 
 In closing J want to say just a word, individually, to 
 each reader. Having made this work of pedigree breeding 
 Rhode Island KimIs almost a twenty-four hour-a-day job 
 for six years, we feel we have had exj^erience that is of 
 value and we want it thoroughly understood that Avlien- 
 ever, wherever' and however we can be of service in this 
 conne('tion, to the poultry breeders interested, it is our 
 wish to do so. We have no secret processes and anything 
 Avliich we have learned that can benefit anyone is theirs 
 for the asldng. Our rule has been, is, and will continue 
 to be " 'Tis more blessed to give than to receive" — and so 
 long as our flock supports us within reason, supplying 
 their own expenses, our bread and butter and an occasion- 
 al piece of cake, we feel they are helping us to make the 
 A\-orld a better place for man and hen to live in. 
 
Orange Box Trapnest as Used On the Daniels 
 Pedigreed S. C. Red Plant 
 
 By H. A. DANIELS, Grafton, Mass. 
 
 This nest is made from solid end orange boxes. The 
 trap is cut from one end of box cut down so it will swing- 
 freely in the opening as shown in right hand sketch. A 
 small block on outside keeps nest from opening when hen 
 tries to get out. The trigger or latch is a straight piece 
 of inch by inch stock six inches long. A hole one half inch 
 
 Orange box trapnest as used on the Daniels Pedigreed S. C. Red 
 plant. H. A. Daniels, Grafton, Mass. 
 
 off center acts as a pivot for it to move upon. A shingle 
 nail will hold it. Be sure latch moves easily. Left hand 
 sketch shows inside view of nest with side cut away, show- 
 ing- position of latch and trap when trap is set. Latch 
 must be placed so it will lock the nest when trap falls 
 keeping out any other hens. Two small nails can be used 
 to keep latch from falling too low or going to high. D 
 shows small rod trap swings on, two screw eyes acting as 
 hinge — see F, E shovN^s small staples holding rod to side 
 of nest. C shows block holding trap, I shows latch both 
 by itself and as used on nest . J shows center of nest which 
 was the partition of box and is cut to three inches of the 
 bottom. K shows position of nesting material, shavings, 
 and a place where egg is laid, hen moving to front of 
 nest to light after laying, hence no danger of breaking 
 eggs. Nests are swung under dropping boards and slide 
 on cleats attached to bottom of boards, an inch square 
 strip on top of each nest serving as slides. 
 
iiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiini:iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!i!iiiiii>ii:iNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiMiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiii^ i 
 
 DOWN 
 
 Down Flat 
 
 and they said she had an "incurable form of paralysis," then 
 I gave her 
 
 HAPPY HEN 
 WORM REMEDY 
 
 and now she is just as fine as ever. 
 
 When your birds have pale faces, begin to go light, stagger, 
 eat ■w'ell and still lose the use of their legs, woi-ms are likdy 
 the cause; send at once for a package of this wonderful life- 
 saver. Recommended by poultrymen everywhere. 
 Most birds have worms — worm yours every month. 
 Packages— Sl.lO; $2.50 and $5.00, postpaid. 
 
 For bubbles in the eyes, sneezing and For Indigestion, bluish combs, diarrhoea, 
 
 on'ds. use etc., use 
 
 HAPPY irEN ROUP PILLS HAPPY HEN CHOLEItA REMEDY 
 
 $1.10: $2.50 and $5.00 postpaid. $1.10; $2.50 and $5.00 postpaid. 
 
 "^^ *"^i^1^iuldi^°w.'^e""u.f' ■""' '" F'^r White Diarrhoea in chieks, u.se 
 
 HAPPY H!:NU0?P REMEDY HAPPY IIEN WIITE DIARRHOEA 
 
 $1.10; $2.50 and $5.00 postpaid. j, ,„. j2.50 ani $5.00 postpaid. 
 
 For treating Bronchitis, Canker, Rheu- 
 matism, or injuries use For head lice on chicks, loults, ets.. use 
 HAPPY HEN CANKER REMEDY HAPPY HEN HEAD LICE SAL^^ 
 $1.10; $2.50 and $5.00 postpaid. 30c; 55c; $1.10 and $2.50 postpaid. 
 
 For treating Chicken Pox, use p^^ ^ody Uce. ticks, Heas, etc.. use 
 
 ^^*^?y,Fc^in'"^'?L^nn™^*"??°=^^ H.VPPY HEN BODY LICE SALVE 
 
 $LIO; $2.50 and $5.00 postpaid. 3Qg. 555. juq and $2.50 postpaid. 
 
 It is just as possible to make good poultry remedies as it is 
 good Remedies for human use— HAPPY HEN REMEDIES 
 are that kind — use them for the purpose intended, follow 
 directions and then expect a lot of them — if they fail to 
 satisfy YOU — we want to i-efund your money. 
 
 Send stamp for valuable Disease Diagnosis Chart. 
 
 Happy Hen Remedy Co. 
 
 Room 200, 36 So. Market St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Uiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimi^ 
 
 [71] 
 
iiiiiin!i!iiiiii(iiiiiiiiiiiiii[n>iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiniiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiHii:iiiiini;iiiiiim;i|iiiiiiiiiiiniiiiJiiiiinii;i!!iiiii!nHiiii!!i^ 
 
 Spiller's 
 COLOROID TRAP NEST BANDS 
 
 Trade Mark 
 
 PR I C ES 
 
 12 for 50c, 25 for $1.00, 50 for $2.00, 100 for $3.50. 
 
 Designed especially for Trap Nest worlt; extra wide, and the numbers stand 
 out boldly and very ijlaiuly. Figmey aj-e always black on white. Made in the 
 toaiowing colors: red. blue, light green, pink, black, white, orange, dark green, 
 yellow, brown, gray, pmple. Numbered to order, as high as 1,000. 
 
 If >ou have any Trap Nest work to do, we especially recommend tliese bands. 
 You will find tliat "they will stand the hard iLsage which comes from tire fretiuent 
 handling of trap-nested birds, and far superior to all otliers for tliis work. Always 
 >tate th'' breed. 
 
 Intensely Practical, Efficient 
 
 Universally Popular 
 
 Bands That You Can See 
 
 Catalocj of other style 
 bands upon request. 
 
 ARTHUR P. SPILLER 
 Beverly, Mass., U. S. A. 
 
 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiHiiininiiiiiiiiiinniiiiMiinim 
 
 y.\8'— J."7.8n 
 
 Capacity 15 hens 
 
 Just right for your 
 
 winter flock. 
 
 Write for 
 Free Booklet 
 
 E. C. YOUNG CO. 
 
 3'xG' Colony nouse-~$10.00 
 
 90 Depot St. 
 Randolph, Mass. 
 
 Free circular on request 
 
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 [72] 
 
liiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliHniii!iii!ii!iiiiii;ii,iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiii:i!iiiiiiiiiii;iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiii^^ 
 
 Use SECURITY 
 SEALED Bands 
 
 Rivet and Band made out of the same piece | 
 
 of aluminum. Numbered to order with | 
 
 raised numbers. | 
 
 H. A. Daniels says — "These bands fill a | 
 
 long: felt want with my pedigree work." | 
 
 Cyko Farms, Hudgens, 111. — "They are | 
 
 cleverest band made." | 
 
 I 6 for 10c; 50 for 60c; 100 for $1.00. | 
 
 I Circular Free. Mention Breed. | 
 
 I Small Steel Pliers for fastening bands, 50c. | 
 
 HARRY E. BAIR 
 
 I ''The Band Man" I 
 
 I Box 645-D, HANOVER, PA. j 
 
 iiiiiiiii;ii!iiiii!iiiii!iiiii!ii!i!iH:;iinniiiiiiHiiii!N!iiiiiriin:NiiiiiHiiii!iiiiiiiii::!iiiiiii^^ 
 
 I KILLS CHICKEN MITES | 
 
 = Single application — guaranteed — to eradicate aU CHICIvfiN Mites and make hen- = 
 
 i hotises IMMUNE to this pest for | 
 
 I ONE YEAR I 
 
 s Arrow Carljolineum is tlio only vermicide against cliiclien mites and other ^ 
 
 ^ vennin in poultry houses. = 
 
 GUARANTEE 
 
 We guarantee that one thorough application of Arrow Carbolineum, either 
 
 by brush or sprayer, to the interior walls, dropping boards, roosts, etc., of 
 
 such buildings, after a previous cleaning and no matter whether they are of 
 
 wood, tar paper, or plaster, will exterminate mites In same for a whole year. 
 
 V- ^ 
 
 Opinions of Poultry Experts 
 
 II. V. Tormohlen. Ex. Tres. of American SinRle Comb Brown Legliorn Cl^b and 
 Editor of Tlie Leghorn Woald, Portland. Ind. : 
 "I would like to see every poultry man and farmer in the United States paint 
 his roosts wltli Carbollneiun. because I believe it is the best thing found to date 
 against mites." 
 
 University of Maine. CoUege of Agriculture. O. M. Wilbur. Poultry SpeciaUst, 
 Orono. iiaine; 
 "We have been advocating the u.-e of Carbolineum in this state as a preventative 
 \ against mites in poultry houses." 
 
 The Verraont State School of Agriculture, D. Hart Iloi-ton. Instructor in Poultry. 
 
 Randolph Center. Vt. : , , . . 
 
 "I have used this product before and without question foimd it tlie only certain 
 
 method of getting rid and stayhig rid of poultry mites; and the beauty of Carbolineum 
 Ijelng that it is neo^-ssary to apply it only once a year." 
 
 Carbolineum ^^'"^•"{J^^ ''•^"'^ 
 
 WOOD PRESERVING CO. Milwaukee, Wisconsin 
 
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 [73] 
 
IU>liriimiiui||i||||{||i|{|||||||||||||i||||in||||||||||||||{||||||||||i||||{|||||i||||||||||||||||||,|||,||,||||||n I 
 
 Hodgson Baby Chick Houses Every Time 
 For Brooding 250 Chicks or Less 
 
 Handsome, economical and efficient 
 beyond anything else on the market 
 
 "1 have used one for two 
 seasons and have never taken 
 a dead chick out of it. Have 
 had it on side lawn in a 
 blizzard with mercury at zero 
 and found thermometer 
 exactly the same in the 
 morning as when left at nine 
 P. M. All my chicks are 
 pedigreed from heavy laying 
 dams and of great value, 
 hence the importance of care- 
 ful brooding to insure the 
 least possible loss." 
 
 Herbert A. Daniels, 
 Grafton, Mass. 
 
 "I like the "WIGWARM" 
 better than any brooder I 
 have ever used. In severe 
 weather it did not burn over 
 a pint of oil in 24 hours, and 
 in moderate weather about 
 one half pint, and supplied 
 ample heat and ventilation. 
 It was run out in the yard 
 with no protection when the 
 gi'ound was frozen and dur- 
 ing snow-storms." 
 A. S. Briain, Mt. Kisco, N. Y. 
 
 "All my pedigreed White 
 Rocks are raised in Wig- 
 warm Baby Chick Houses, 
 and the majority of them 
 mature in 5* months. This 
 I attribute in no small degree 
 to the start they get in your 
 Chick Houses. The system 
 of forced fresh air ventilation 
 is really wonderful, and 
 means the utmost vitality for 
 everv chick." 
 
 Harold F. Barber, 
 Dover, Mass. 
 "In my seven years' experi- 
 ence I have used four makes 
 of brooders and I have 
 found in the "WIGWARM" 
 just what I have been look- 
 ing for. In each of the 
 four brooders I bought from 
 you I put 60 chicks and had 
 only two fatalities in the 
 whole 240. They were put 
 in the brooders on April 19, 
 one of the vdldest and wind- 
 iest days I ever knew on 
 Long Island. The second 
 time I put 72 in each brood- 
 er with no losses." 
 
 Mrs. A. Mack, 
 Brookhaven, L. I., N. Y. 
 
 A Colony Brooder and Brooder-House combined. With the 
 HODGSON BABY CHICK HOUSE you have NO coal stoves, 
 NO brooder houses, NO cold comers, NO crowding, NO chil- 
 ling, NO dead air for the chicks to breathe. Chicks raised the 
 HODGSON way are healthier, matui-e quicker, and show 
 more profit than those brooded by coal stove or box brooder. 
 Booklet free. 
 
 E. F. HODGSON CO. 
 
 71 Federal St., Boston, Mas$. 6 E. 39th St., New York City 
 
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 [74] 
 
■ iNiiiniiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiu!iiiiiiiiiiii:iiiii!:ii!ni!i::iHnii;iiiii>iiiii;iiiiiininiiiiiiiii;!i!iinniiiiiniiiiiii;iiiii!i^ ■ 
 
 I EDMONDS' 1 
 
 I Safety System | 
 
 I ACCOUNT BOOK | 
 
 I for the I 
 
 I POULTRYMAN j 
 
 I copyright | 
 
 I Devised by D. J. Edmonds | 
 
 I Certified Public Accountant | 
 
 I Darien, Conn. | 
 
 I It is a regular bookkeeping system combined in 1 
 
 j one complete book, 28 pages 12x12 inches with I 
 
 I press-board cover. Receipts recorded in columns | 
 
 I from seven sources of income, Daily Egg Produc- | 
 
 I tion and distribution in four columns, an Inventory | 
 
 I Record to show stock at a glance. | 
 
 I On each opposite page Cash Disbursements are | 
 
 I recorded in nine columns for Expenses and Pur- 1 
 
 I chases; then there is a Summary page for each | 
 
 I month's business; an Income Profit and Loss Ac- | 
 
 j count and Balance Sheet with full complete instruc- | 
 
 I tions. I 
 
 I Any boy or girl can keep this book and you will | 
 
 I find it indispensable, interesting, instructing and | 
 
 j know results of your labor. Good for one year, | 
 
 I postpaid to any address U. S. $1.00, Canada $1.25. | 
 
 I This system is in use in every state in the U. S. | 
 
 I in Canada and abroad. It is highly endorsed by j 
 
 ] leading Agricultural Colleges as well as practical | 
 
 I poultrymen. j 
 
 I Send today for your copy! | 
 
 iiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iii!nin^ 
 
 [75] 
 
r 
 
 Grandin's 
 
 Red Flag Poultry Feeds Are 
 Grand-In-Quality 
 
 Kead tliis eiidoisemt'iit by a Itliode Island Red breeder. 
 
 STATE OF MAINE 
 
 ippartutf nt of Agrinilturr 
 
 F, f» WASHBURN. Co 
 
 Sttrtaion nf Animal JniiuBlrji 
 
 >Uy 33, 1922 
 
 To Whom It Uay Concern: 
 
 Last season I gaya the Orandin's growing feod for 
 chickens a thcsough trial, keeping one pen of my Rhode Island 
 Reds on it for the entire season. I was very much pleased with 
 this feed and found it fully equal to the Grandin quality that 
 I have always found in otl^ar feeds put out by this company. The 
 growth and development of the chickens thus fed was gratifying 
 in the extreme and I can heartily recommend it to any poultrynan 
 who is looking for a uniform standard of quality in this class' 
 of goods. . ^ 
 
 Cbief, Division of AniJial Industry, 
 Department of Agriculture. 
 
 Mrs. n. A. DanicLs. one of the editors of tlii.'^ magazine, wrote as on .Tune 21, 1922. as foUows: 
 "I have manv inauiries throug-h the two information bureaus. I edit (R. I. Red 
 Journal and " WestM-n I'oultry Journal ) concerning hijih class feeds, and, while 
 we use our own ration in our special work, I unJiesitatingly recommend your 
 teeds to those wisliins; a high class ready-to-feed poultry ration." 
 
 FOR BEST 
 
 Grandin's Poultry Dry Mash with Buttermilli 
 Grandin's Growing Feed with Buttermilk 
 Grandin's BntteDuilk Baby Chick Starter 
 
 T 
 
 RESULTS FEED 
 
 Grandin's Screened Scratch Feed 
 Grandin's Intermediate Chick Feed 
 Grandin's Baby Chick Feed 
 
 Full ree<ling instructions in our semi-aujiual poiiltry IX)ol;. 
 ASK YOUR DEALER FOR "GRANDIN'S" 
 
 D. H. Grandin Milling Co., Jamestown, N. Y. 
 
 [76] 
 
"'"'"'''""' iiii!"!"'i.:niin iiiii;;iiiiin,iii;!iiiii!:!iiN iiiiiiiiiiii'iiiiiiiiiiii.nnin iiiiiiiiiiiiii!ir,|i||i,iii|.| 
 
 Do You Keep Hens? 
 
 or 
 
 Do You Make the Hens 
 Keep You? 
 
 j The only way to be assured that the hens will 
 
 I keep you is to use only those ingredients in your 
 
 I laying mash which go into the manufacture of the 
 
 I ^gg. OUR NIAGARA BRAND OF GREEN 
 
 I CURED FINE-CUT CLOVER makes assurance 
 
 j DOUBLY SURE. Its own record is its best 
 
 j recommendation. It has been used in the laying 
 
 j and breeding mashes of the largest and most suc- 
 
 j cessful Egg Farms for the past 35 years. Tender, 
 
 I palatable, nutritious; it furnishes all the Vitamines 
 
 j necessary to keep the fowl in healthy condition 
 
 j while stimulating the function of heavy Qgg produc- 
 
 I tion. With eggs at present prices, you cannot af- 
 
 j ford to be without it. ORDERS PROMPTLY 
 
 I FILLED. 
 
 I Day Old Chix and Dux 
 
 j The parent stock of our chix and dux has been 
 
 j Hogan Tested for prepotency and high Qgg capa- 
 
 i city for the past fifteen years. Their popularity 
 
 I has increased our output of 80,000 chix to 500,000 
 
 i head annually within the past four years. Send 
 
 [ for our SPECIAL DISCOUNT PRICE LIST 
 
 I covering early Spring deliveries. 
 
 Niagara Farm 
 
 I W. R. Curtis Co., Prop., Ransomville, N. Y. 
 
 >''''"i<''>''">''i"iniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiii;iiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!i|iiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiii^ 
 
 [77] 
 
LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 
 
 000 465 142 P