^ 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 
 
 ^^Mi^ - ^m^W 1^ 
 
 Slielf.SJ.2S.i 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
T '•'"V f^ /-^ ' 
 
 STK^F^AMENTO, 
 
 A. J. JOHNSTON &(^0. 
 
 PRINTER5&PUBU5HER3. 
 
(ATALOOIES ISSUED MONTHLY SEND FOR ONE. 
 
"THE CITY OF THE INLAND EMPIRE:' 
 
 SACRAMENTO: 
 
 THE 
 
 ^ommepeial Uefoopolig 
 
 OF 
 
 lORTHERN Al CENTML CALIFORNIA 
 
 SACRAMENTO: 
 
 A. J. JOHNSTON & CO., PUBLISHERS 
 % 1888 
 
 iV^'V 
 
 V 
 
ALBION C. SWEETSER. 
 
 ED. F. AMSDEN. 
 
 SWEETSER & AMSDEN, 
 
 juifeyi 
 
 rmfii 
 
 EEAL ESTATE BOUGHT Al SOLD ON COMMISSION, 
 
 OFFICE ^ND SALESROOM: 
 
 No. 1012 Fourth Street, bet^veen J and K Streets, 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA, 
 
 MONEY LOANED ON REAL ESTATE 
 
 Having resided in Sacramento thirty-eight years, and had 
 twenty-seven years experience in the Real Estate Business (nine 
 years longer than any other real estate agent), we are prepared to 
 give those seeking homes, or lands for investment, reliable infor- 
 mation as to how and where to invest. 
 
 All grades of land for sale, in large or small tracts, some of 
 which has produced four crops of alfalfa hay in a single year. 
 
 Also, Cily Property. 
 
 Particular attention given to the care of property for non- 
 residents. 
 
 Send for Catalogues. 
 
 
 / 
 
 #/ 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Of the state of California and its resources, much of late years has 
 been written and printed for dissemination among the people of the eastern 
 states. Particularly has such information been published concerning the 
 resources of the southern section of the state. As yet but little has been 
 written of the central section — a vast, rich, but comparatively undeveloped 
 territory — which in the very near future will as much astonish the world by 
 the demonstration of its agricultural wealth, as did the state in 1849 by the 
 richness of its gold mines. 
 
 In the pages following, nothing but facts, capable of absolute and sat- 
 tisfactory demonstration, are presented. Of the section of which this work 
 treats, the facts furnish an ample and convincing argument of its resources 
 and capabilities. It has been the endeavor of the writers — and they are 
 gentlemen of state- wide reputation — to present but the actual facts. 
 
 The plan of this work, it will be observed, has been to present papers 
 prepared by gentlemen who have special information on the subjects on 
 which they treat. In some instances, two or more j^apers touch in a meas- 
 ure on the same subject, and it has been regarded that the reader will thus 
 have the advantage of the views of the several writers on matters upon 
 which accurate information is most desired. 
 
LUDWIC MEBIUS. -->^<r- P- C. DRESCHER. 
 
 tmmm 
 
 immm^Em 
 
 $ 
 
 AND 
 
 Wholesale Grocers 
 
 WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 
 
 PROVISIONS, TOBACCO, 
 
 CIGARS, LIQUORS. 
 
 EXPORTERS OF CALIFORNIA HOPS 
 
 Corner of Front and K Streets, 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA. 
 
W. p. COLEMAN 
 Real Estate Salesrooms 
 
 No. 325 J Street, Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 All kinds of Farming Land for Sale, Improved 
 and Unimproved. 
 
 Also, a Large List of City Property For Sale. 
 
 MONEY TO LOAN IN LARGE AND SMALL SUMS. 
 
 •Send for our List of Farms. 
 
 P. BOHL. 
 
 E. A. CROUCH. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 I.— SACRAMENTO COUNTY. General Description of the County— Boundaries- 
 Rivers — Facilities for Irrigation — Water and Rail Transportation Facilities — 
 Unlimited Natural Water Power — Early History and Settlement — Soil Charac- 
 teristics — Valuations of Land — Area of County — Profits from Small Holdings — 
 Early Transcontinental Railroad History — Volume of Export Commerce — Rail- 
 road Shops — Roads and Bridges — County Public Buildings and Institutions — 
 vState Capitol and Grounds — State Printing Office— School Books Manufactured 
 by the State — Exposition Pavilion and Stock Exhibition Grounds — County Sta- 
 tistics 1887 — Property Valuation — Volume of Local Business — Churches — Edu- 
 cation — Postal and Telegraphic Facilities — General Agricultural Resources — 
 Towns. B3- WrxFiEi^D J. Davis. ----... q 
 
 2.— SACRAMENTO CITY. General Description— Its Advantageous Position— Libra- 
 ries — Schools — Art Gallery — Manufactories — Public Parks — Early History — Wa- 
 ter Supply — Fire Protection — Open Air Concerts. By WiNFiELD J. D.wis. - 21 
 
 3.— AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. Soil and Cli- 
 mate — Winter Fruits : Oranges, Lemons, Pomegranates, Olives and Persim- 
 mons—Spring Fruits : vStrawberries, Raspberries, Blackberries and Cherries — 
 Early Summer Fruits : Peaches, Apricots, Pears and Plums — Fall Fruits : Ap- 
 ples, Pears, Grapes, Quinces, Prunes and Peaches — Fruit Drying and Canning — 
 Sacramento as a Fruit vShipping Center — Volume of Fruit Shipments to the 
 East— Hop Culture — Alfalfa— Beans — Figs — Nuts — Broom Corn — Vegetables. 
 By P. E. PivATT. --------- 26 
 
 4.— SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN SACRAMENTO. Character of our Population— Lit- 
 erary Tastes — Art Gallery and School — Public Charities — Religion — Education. 
 By J. A. WOODSOX. - - - - - - - . - 37 
 
 5-— CLIMATE AND RAINFALL. Statistics of Temperature, Rainfall, and General 
 Climatic Conditions — Comparisons with the Citrus and Olive Belt of Northern 
 and Western Italy, and with the State of North Carolina. By Jas. A. Barwick. 42 
 
 6.— SACRAMENTO A NATURAL TRADE CENTER. Railroad Shops— Flouring 
 Mills — Manufactories Generally— Unlimited Natural AVater Power — Transporta- 
 tion Facilities. By C. K. McCl.\Tchy. - - - - - - 48 
 
 7.— SACRAMENTO AND \\DJACENT COUNTIES. General Description— Irrigation 
 Facilities— Hops— Alfalfa— Fruit and Berry Culture — Land Production— Bartlett 
 Pears— Grapes — Raisins— The Tributary Counties — Land Valuations- Climate. 
 By George W. Hancock. - - - - . - . . rj 
 
 8.- PRODUCE SHIPPED FROM SACRAMENTO CITY. Interesting statement by 
 one who has spent years in purchasing, packing and shipping fruits and produce 
 from Sacramento — Results of the observations of one of our practical merchants 
 in that line— Natural Advantages — Transportation Facilities — General Agricul- 
 tural Advantages — A'olume of Fruit Shipments— The World for a Market — Dried 
 and Canned Products — Vegetables. By EuGEXE J. Gregory. - - - 57 
 
 9.— THOROUGHBRED HORSES. Climatic Advantages— What we have produced in 
 
 that line— Possibilities of the Future. By JOHX A. Sheehan. - - - 59 
 
 10.— p:DUCATI0NAL. Public and Private Schools of the City and County— Courses of 
 Study — Cost of Maintenance— Statistical— Social and Fraternal Organizations. 
 By Elwood Bruner. - - - - - - - -62 
 
 II.— SANITARY ASPECT OF SACRAMENTO. Location of Sacramento City— Sew- 
 age— ^''ater Supply— Analysis of the Water Used— Climatology— Health— Death 
 Rate. By James H. Parkinson, M. D. - - - - _ .55 
 
ENDORSEMENT. 
 
 Sacramento, December 30, 1887. 
 
 We have carefully examined the proof sheets of the articles published 
 in this work, and from our personal knowledge of the writers and of the 
 facts stated by them, we cordially endorse this volume as containing- a tair 
 and truthful statement of the resources of Sacramento county. 
 
 EUGENE J. GREGORY, 
 
 Mayor Cit}' of Sacratneuto. 
 
 F. F. TEBBETTS, 
 President Board of vSuper\-isors Sacramento County. 
 
 Entered .-.ccordinit to Act of Congress, in the year i833, by .V. J. JOHNSTON & Co., in the oftice of the 
 Librarian of Conjjress, at 'WasliingtGn, D. C. 
 
 -.?>t;^<:Sw^- 
 
r*^5<^ 
 
 SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 By WiNFiELD J. Davis, Official Reporter of the Courts. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION. 
 
 The county of Sacramento was organized by the first state 
 legislature, and is the central county in the state. Within its 
 confines was earl\^ located the seat of state government. The annual 
 state fairs have been held in Sacramento city since the organi- 
 zation of the State Agricultural Society, and from that city was 
 projected the first transcontinental railway on the American con- 
 tinent. The county of Sacramento is bounded on the north by the 
 counties of Sutter and Placer, on the east by El Dorado and 
 Amador, on the south by San Joaquin and Contra Costa, and on 
 the west by Solano and Yolo. To those at all familiar with the 
 resources of the state, it is readily apparent that Sacramento 
 county is the very heart of the richest portion of Central Cali- 
 fornia. Within its borders is situated the largest city in the interior 
 of the state, the trade from which extends to the north, to the vast 
 middle belt of the state and throughout the state of Nevada. 
 
 The Rivers. — Passing through the county from north to south is 
 the Sacramento river, the largest watercourse in the state, and 
 traversing it from east to west are the American, Cosumnes and 
 Mokelumne rivers. The Sacramento is navigable from San 
 Francisco bay far above the city of Sacramento, and even above 
 the city of Colusa. Steamboats ply daily from Sacramento to San 
 Francisco, and the extensive cereal products of the great counties 
 of Butte, Colusa, Sutter, Yuba, Yolo and Sacramento are cheaply 
 transported to the sea-board for foreign shipment on barges floated 
 on the bosom of that magnificent stream. In the lower portion of 
 the county the proprietors of the river bank orchards own and 
 manage a line of steamboats on which their fruits are transported at 
 a trifling cost to the San Francisco market or to Sacramento city 
 
lo RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 for shipment to the east. In the cases of the American, Mokel- 
 umne and Cosumnes rivers, their availability and adaptability for 
 purposes of irrigation is unequalled elsewhere in the state. Parti- 
 cularly is this the case with the American and Cosumnes, mountain 
 streams, running through a country the topography of which peculi- 
 arly favors the diversion of their waters, not only for the purpose 
 of irrigation, but for the purpose uf affording power. 
 
 As earl}^ as 1840 Captain John A. Sutter, the pioneer settler in 
 Central California, recognized the availability of the American 
 river for purposes of irrigation and power, and had his plans not 
 been thwarted b}' the discovery of the gold at Coloma, in January, 
 1848, and the consequent demoralization of agricultural and me- 
 chanical interests, he would have completed a race for the convey- 
 ance of water to irrigate his wheat fields, and to afford power for 
 the runninor of his flouring and saw mills. What was then observed 
 in the way of such advantages by that far-sighted and enterprising 
 pioneer of those very early days has since been demonstrated with 
 mathematical certainty by distinguished engineers employed by the 
 state, and their reports to the legislature have shown that if the 
 question of irrigating the lands of the county, of furnishing an in- 
 exhaustible power, or of supplying cities of unlimited population 
 with water fresh and -pure, shall ever arise in Sacramento county, 
 it is one of very easy solution. However, except in the dry season 
 of 1863 — 4, when the drought was general throughout the state, 
 there has been no particular need for irrigation in the county, save 
 in some fruit sections, remote from the rivers, where resort has suc- 
 cessfully been made to wells, the water being raised by windmills and 
 run in trenches over the land. In some sections of the state water 
 courses are rare, and in those that exist water flows only during the 
 wet season. When most needed — in the summer and fall — the 
 streams dry out, or flow but an inconsiderable quantity of water. In 
 the sections south in the state, where agriculture and fruit-raising 
 cannot be successfully carried on without irrigation, the natural 
 scarcity of water has given rise to protracted and bitter litigation, 
 and the legislature of the state was in 1886 called in extra session 
 for the purpose of formulating laws for the regulation of the diver- 
 sion of waters from streams in those sections. That question never 
 has been and never will be important in the county of Sacramento. 
 With four never-failing rivers traversing it, with the demonstration 
 that artesian water is within easy reach, and with the result of 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. ii 
 
 years of practical experience that with the major portion of our 
 land irrigation is not needed, the question of water is one that has 
 not and never will have to be considered with seriousness. 
 
 The Soil. — The land of Sacramento county is of three characters 
 — foothill, plains and river bottom. The foothill land is peculiarly 
 adapted to the production of fruits and ofrapes. The Natoma vine- 
 yard, near Folsom, is one of the largest in the world, and the pro- 
 perties of the company rank with the most profitable in the state^ 
 so far as production per acre is concerned. Very many acres of 
 land, of equal value for production, remain unimproved and are held 
 at comparatively insignificant valuations. They but await the 
 application of enterprising labor to render them principalities to 
 their possessors. But a few years ago the foothill lands of Cali- 
 fornia were regarded by our own people as almost valueless, but the 
 successes in fruit and vinegrowing on that character of lands along 
 the line of the Central Pacific railroad, in the adjoining county of 
 Placer, and the peculiar adaptability of the produce for long ship- 
 ment, gave immediate value to them, and to-day lands are held 
 there at $100 per acre and upwards, which ten years ago could not 
 be sold for $1.25. Equally good land of that character is abundant 
 in the county of Sacramento, and can be purchased cheaply. 
 
 The plains lands are mainly devoted to grain raising, and there 
 have been no crop failures with them since the American occupation 
 of the country. On this character of land where the vine has been 
 planted it has flourished without irrigation. In some portions of the 
 county — notably Florin — fruits, berries and grapes are extensively 
 produced on this class of land, and from small holdings munificent 
 incomes are derived. In many cases, however, the land thereabouts 
 is irrigated by artesian water pumped by windmills. 
 
 The best lands, however, are those on the immediate banks of )^ 
 the rivers. Those lands are devoted to the production of fruits and 
 vegetables, and the income per acre — particularly from the lands on 
 the Sacramento river is fabulous. Their fortunate owners reside in 
 costly houses, the architectural designing of which equals that of 
 the homes of the wealthy in the larger cities, and at the end of the 
 fruit season their settlements wnth their agents at Sacramento and 
 San Francisco leave a respectable fortune to each landowner. 
 
 The area of Sacramento county is 620,000 acres, and it has 968 
 plus square miles of territory. Hardly a foot of its land is not 
 
12 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 susceptible of successful cultivation, and the umjor part of it will 
 favorably rank with the best land in the Union. Before the 
 American rule, and under Spanish and Mexican dominion, the 
 choicest sections of the territory now constituting^ the state of Cali- 
 fornia wei'e granted away in large tracts to individuals. Upon the 
 acquisition of the country by the Americans, a land commission 
 was established, and many of these vast grants were confirmed to 
 those who had received the favorable consideration of the Mexican 
 government. United States patents were issued, and with the 
 development of our agricultural resources, the people of the new 
 state were confronted with the same problem which had created 
 the anti-rent troubles in the state of Nevv York — the aggregation 
 of large tracts of valuable lands in the hands of the few. Fortu- 
 nately, however, from the then speculative disposition of our people, 
 the evils which flowed from that landed monopoly in New York 
 were here averted, and the necessities of the grant owners compelled 
 the cutting up and sale of their estates. At the organization of the 
 state government, the county of Sacramento embraced no less than 
 five large land grants. To-day but one remains intact, and its 
 owners have signified their willingness to subdivide it on reasonable 
 terras. 
 
 Railroad Facilities. — The city of Sacramento is entitled to the 
 credit of being the initial point in the construction of the first great 
 transcontinental railroad. When the discovery of the gold mines 
 was made in 1848, and the news of the marvelous wealtli of the 
 placers reached the eastern states and Europe, a tide of immigra- 
 tion flowed into the new state unprecedented at any other time in 
 the history of the world. Separated from the other states by an 
 expanse of three thousand miles of uninhabited territory, by deserts 
 and mountain barriers, and approached by sea only after a voyage 
 of months on tempestuous oceans, the necessity for railroad connec- 
 tion with the elder states to the east was early suggested. The first 
 political meeting held in the new state passed resolutions strongly 
 urging on the federal government immediate action looking to the 
 construction of a railroad across the continent. By many the inter- 
 vening mountain ranges — the Sierra Nevadas and the Rockies — 
 were regarded as insurmountable, and it was believed that human 
 skill could not successfully carry a railroad over them. In 1854-5, 
 surveys for a route were made under the direction of the secretary 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 13 
 
 of war, but the reports submitted by the able engineers who con- 
 ducted the explorations were generally unfavorable to the successful 
 accomplishment of the great enterprise. Finally, in the early part 
 of the administration of President Lincoln, Congress passed the 
 " Pacific Railroad Bill," authorizing the construction of the road, 
 and granting aid to those who might engage in the enterprise. 
 While the press and people of the state unanimously favored the 
 prosecution and successful culmination of the work, after the bill 
 had been passed, capital held back and manifested a very decided 
 unwillingness to embark in a venture the outcome of which was 
 regarded as hazardous. However, an organization was effected at 
 Sacramento by Stanford, the Crockers, Hopkins and Huntington 
 — men engaged in merchandising in the city — and after having failed 
 in the effort to raise money b}^ subscriptions from capitalists to the 
 capital stock of the company, they decided to take hold of the pro- 
 ject almost alone, and to stake their private fortunes in the result. 
 On January 8, 1863, ground was broken for the construction of the 
 first overland railroad on the American continents at Front and K 
 streets in Sacramento city, the first shovelful of earth being moved 
 by the then governor, Leland Stanford. Work was prosecuted 
 steadily thereafter, and on May 10, 1869, the last spike in the com- 
 pletion of the work was driven by the same gentleman who had 
 performed the initial act six years before. The years that have 
 since passed have been marked by other grand works in the litie of 
 internal improvements ; but prosecuted at that particular time, 
 when the country was embroiled in civil \var, when money was 
 scarce, and when public judgment was largely against the feasibility 
 and practicability of the enterprise, its successful accomplishment is 
 certainly a matter of pardonable congratulation to the people of the 
 city and county among whom the men who embarked in the enter- 
 prise resided. 
 
 Few counties in California contain a g-reater mileaore of railroads 
 than Sacramento. From the capital city the Central Pacific leads 
 eastward across the continent ; the California and Oregon passes to 
 the north into Oregon and from thence to the eastern states ; the 
 Western Pacific, which terminates at Oakland, but which connects 
 with the Southern overland railroad line, and from it at the flour- 
 ishing town of Gait branches off a line running up into the rich 
 county of Amador; the California Pacific connecting it in almost 
 an air line with San Francisco ; and the Sacramento valley, which 
 
14 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 •extends into the princely county of El Dorado. From most all of 
 these roads branches extend into the various counties of Central 
 California. From its geographical position Sacramento city is the 
 natural railroad center of the central and upper portions of the 
 state, and the agricultural and mineral products of this great and 
 rich section of the American Union are shipped from her ample 
 storehouses. To give something of an idea of the export commerce 
 from the city, we quote the following from the San Francisco 
 Chronicle of November 15. 1887 : 
 
 " More freiofht was sent east from Sacramento during October 
 than from any other city in the state except San Francisco. The 
 shipments were as follows : Beans, 22,350 pounds ; books and 
 stationery, 1190; brandy, 38,510; canned goods, 753,870; dried 
 fruit, 919,780; green fruit, 3,447,840 ; glue, 1600; hides, 81,160 ; 
 honey, 37,450; hops, 757,190; leather, 6250; machinery, 20,030; 
 miscellaneous, 21,890; nuts, 50,440; potatoes, 72,620; raisins, 
 2,177,350; canned salmon, 71,580; wine, 816,910; wool, greasy, 
 41,860 ; wool, pulled, 83,080 ; woolen goods, 4040 ; total, 8,927,490. 
 The other railroad shipping points sent East during the same time 
 the following amounts : San Francisco, 9,101,530 ; Oakland, 2,675,- 
 090; Los Angeles, 2,483,210; Colton, 385,280; San Jose, 7,326,- 
 500; Stockton, 336,910; Marysville, 906,010." 
 
 The shipments of fruits from the city of Sacramento largely 
 exceed those from other shipping points in the state. The depot 
 building at the foot of H street is one of the most attractive and 
 expensive in the United States, Connected with it and a part of 
 the immense structure is a complete hotel. Through the depot 
 54 trains pass each day. Near b}^ are the shops of the Southern 
 Pacific railroad company, reference to the extent of which and the 
 number of men employed is made elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 Roads and Bridges. — No county in the state has better roads 
 than Sacramento. One can drive to any part of the county at any 
 time of the year with no inconvenience, and over roads that favor- 
 ably compare with the streets in very many towns elsewhere in the 
 state. All of the bridges on public highways are the property of 
 the county, and with the roads are free for travel. 
 
 County Public Buildings and Institutions. — The court-house, for- 
 merly the state capitol, is a substantial and imposing structure 
 It affords ample accommodations for the offices of the various county 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 15 
 
 officers and the county judiciary. On the same lot has been erected 
 the hall of records, a brick and iron building-, thorouojhly fire proof, 
 in which the public record books are kept. In no other county in the 
 Sta^e are the records so secure from fire. The building contains no 
 combustible material save the meager shelvino-. Even the laths for 
 the retention of the plastering are of iron. Two miles from the city 
 is located the county hospital and farm. The building, standing in 
 the midst of a vast, fertile and highly cultivated tract of land, is 
 built on the pavilion plan, the wings radiating from the main build- 
 ing as do the fingers from the hand. Not only are the indigent sick 
 humanely provided for, but the aged poor find there a haven of rest 
 in which they can pass the evening of their lives in happiness. 
 
 The State Capitol and Grounds. — The grounds of the state, on 
 which stand the public buildings, comprise ten blocks in the heart of 
 Sacramento city. The state capitol is located at the intersection 
 of M and Eleventh streets, in the western end of the state park. 
 Within this building are the offices of the various state depart- 
 ments, and the magnificent state library. The legislative halls 
 occupy a portion of the second fl.oor. To the eastward in the park 
 is the state printing office — one of the most complete public print- 
 ing establishments in the world. It is owned and controlled by the 
 state, and all the public printing is there done. In the third story 
 is an electrotyping department and book bindery. In 1884 a con- 
 stitutional amendment was approved by the people providing for the 
 compilation and printing of all school text-books bj^ the state ; and 
 in this printing office the work of composition, engraving, electro- 
 typing, printing and binding on the state series of text-books for 
 the public schools is perforuied. The books are furnished to the 
 people of the state at the actual cost of production, leaving out of 
 consideration the expenditure for the plant. As a result, in this 
 state, we will soon have a uniform series of school books which will 
 be furnished to the people at a nominal price. 
 
1 6 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 To the south of the state printing office stands the exposition 
 building of the State Agricultural Society. While one of the larg- 
 est structures on the continent erected for that purpose, it has proved 
 too limited in capacity to contain the exhibits sent to the annual 
 fairs held in the city ; and, while it has had to be enlarged, more 
 space is demanded, and the board of directors have in contempla- 
 tion the extension of its wings, with the view of adding to the 
 capacity of the building, without marring its architectural appear- 
 ance. 
 
 The stock exhibition grounds and race track of the State Aofri- 
 cultural Society are in the eastern portion of the city. This park 
 IS one of the largest of the kind in the state. The race track is 
 said to be the speediest in the United States, but however that may 
 be, it is certain that some of the most noted horses in the world 
 made their records within the confines of the park at Sacramento. 
 The grand stands have a capacity of accommodating 10,000 people ; 
 and at the annual exhibitions of fine stock and the races the attend- 
 ance from the city and abroad in the state is so large as to crowd. 
 
 County Statistics, 1887. — From the official report of County 
 Assessor A. L. Frost, made to the State authorities, the following 
 fio^ures are taken : 
 
 NUMBER OF ACRES SOWN FOR CROP OF 1887. 
 
 Of wheat 74,385 
 
 Of oats 427 
 
 Of barley 38,740 
 
 Of corn ^. 5,428 
 
 Of hay 39,185 
 
 Number of fruit trees growing 484,045 
 
 Number of acres of grape vines growing 64,65 
 
 Number of grape vines growing 4,525,500 
 
 Number of acres in table grapes 1,445 
 
 Number of acres in wine grapes 5,020 
 
 Total assessed valuation of property in county, $29,634,995.50. 
 
 Under the provisions of the state constitution the assessment is 
 based on the valuations on the first Monday in March immediately 
 preceding. Owing to the well known fact that owners of property 
 universally underestimate their wealth to assessors, it is fair to 
 assume that the above sum is not above two-thirds of the actual 
 valuation on the day named. Since then a very decided increase of 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 17 
 
 real estate values has occurred all over the county, and it is estimated 
 that the assessed valuation in 1888 will be not less than $35,000,000. 
 The agricultural statistics are also low, for the same reason that the 
 valuation is short. 
 
 Volume of Local Business. — The following table, furnished by !^. 
 F. Dolan, collector of county licenses, is illustrative of the volume 
 of the local business of the county : 
 
 Wholesale groceries 21 
 
 Retail groceries 183 
 
 Wholesale hardware 5 
 
 Retail hardware 23 
 
 Wholesale agricultui'al implements . . 9 
 
 Retail agricultural implements 15 
 
 Drug stores, wholesale 6 
 
 Drug stores, retail 22 
 
 Clothing stores, wholesale .5 
 
 Clothing stores, retail 39 
 
 Wood and coal yards 14 
 
 Carriages, wholesale 7 
 
 Wire stores, wholesale 4 
 
 Wire stores, retail 9 
 
 Stove stores, wholesale 5 
 
 Stove stores, retail 18 
 
 Gas fixtures, wholesale 3 
 
 Gas fixtures, retail 9 
 
 Willowware, wholesale 2 
 
 Willowware, retail 7 
 
 Jewelry stores 18 
 
 Hat stores, wholesale 3 
 
 Hat stores, retail 11 
 
 Wall paper, wholesale 3 
 
 Wall paper, retail 9 
 
 Carpet stores 19 
 
 Dry goods, wholesale 5 
 
 Dry goods, retail 27 
 
 Fancy stores 16 
 
 Millinery stores 19 
 
 Shoe stores, wholesale 3 
 
 Shoe stores, retail 27 
 
 Coffee and spice, wholesale 2 
 
 Coffee, tea, spice, retail 7 
 
 Tea, wholesale and retail 3 
 
 Lumber yards 10 
 
 Lumber, hardwood 3 
 
 Oil stores, wholesale 3 
 
 Livery stables . . ., 19 
 
 Gun stores 4 
 
 Liquor stores, wholesale 6 
 
 Variety stores 31 
 
 Paint and glass, wholesale and retail. 5 
 
 Furniture stores 13 
 
 Furnishing stores 4 
 
 Confectioners stores 9 
 
 General findings stores 3 
 
 Tobacco stores, wholesale 7 
 
 Tobacco stores, retail 19 
 
 Paper and books, wholesale 3 
 
 Paper and books, retail 9 
 
 Fruit stores, wholesale ; 8 
 
 Frnit stores, retail 37 
 
 Seeds, retail and wholesale 5 
 
 Optical institutions 3^ 
 
 Feed stores 17 
 
 Sewing machine stores 5 
 
 Harness stores 9 
 
 Harness stores, wholesale 3 
 
 Crockery and glass stores 9 
 
 Piano stores 4 
 
 Produce stores 17 
 
 Iron stores 
 
 Music stores 
 
 Books, wholesale and retail 
 
 Wineries 
 
 Flour mills 
 
 Elide stores 
 
 Carriajre and wa^on manufactories 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 2 
 
 5 
 15 
 
i8 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 Churches. — Freedom of religious opinion — as guaranteed by the 
 Federal Constitution — is nowhere in the Union more respected than 
 in the State of California. Its population was drawn originall}^, 
 after the discovery of the gold mines in 1848, from all portions of 
 the Union. In the early days the cost of passage to a country then 
 so remote kept back the scruff, and only those of sufficient means 
 
 ■1 
 
 
 Mill 
 
 CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL, SACRAMENTO. 
 
 dared to undertake the journey. The result was that our early 
 American population comprised the cream of the society of America 
 and Europe. Many have since died, but their descendants, native 
 born in the state, inherit their characteristics, and are now promi- 
 nently in the front in developing the unlimited resources of the great 
 commonwealth which their fathers in their early manhood won for 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 19 
 
 the American Union. At no time in the history of the State, since 
 the American occupancy, did rehgion not have a firm foothold, and 
 as towns and cities grew up, the spires of churches were raised in 
 them. Every denomination has its houses of worship, and in each 
 city and town in the county the Sabbath is observed, and laying 
 aside the business affairs of life, the people gather in their houses of 
 worship and render appropriate homage to the Supreme Ruler of 
 the Universe. The subjects of education and fraternal societies are 
 fully treated of in a special article in this volume, written by Hon. 
 Elwood Bruner. 
 
 Postoffices. — Recently an appropriation was made by the federal 
 congress of $100,000 for the purchase of a site and the erection of 
 a postoffice building in the city of Sacramento. Such a structure 
 has long been needed. Outside of the city of San Francisco no 
 postoffice in the state does a larger volume of business than that 
 at Sacramento. In the numerous towns in the county the postal 
 service is complete, and the promptness of mail delivery is unsur- 
 passed elsewhere in the union. Telegraphic communication also 
 extends to every town in the count3^ 
 
 General Agricultural Resources. — -For many years California was 
 regarded as valueless save for its mineral wealth, but it was not 
 long before American enterprise saw that its richness in the line of 
 agriculture and fruit-raising was incomparable with any other por- 
 tion of the world. Gradually experimental plantings were made, 
 and with the advance of time the successes met with induced a 
 widening of the field, and the permanency of the industry was estab- 
 lished. From the cultivation of cereals, the step was taken success- 
 fully in the line of fruit and vine raising, and lastly in the growing 
 of oranges and lemons. At the date at which we now write 
 (November, 1887,) the oranges and lemons on the many trees in 
 Sacramento county are ripening, and in a short time will be in the 
 market. As illustrating the character of the climate we have here, 
 we will state that at a recent fair there was exhibited a banana 
 tree with its fruit on it, which had been grown in the open air in a 
 yard in the city. The date palm and other tropical vegetation 
 thrive in our door yards, and the luxuriance of the growth of veg- 
 etation generally is a matter of astonishment to those who visit 
 among us. 
 
20 
 
 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 The river bottom lands in the county have been found to be 
 peculiarly adapted to the production of hops, and no county in the 
 state produces as great a quantity of that commodity as Sacramento. 
 In late years, the prices of that product in the markets of the world 
 has been unprecedentedly hio^h, and the fortunate producers have 
 realized fortunes from the sale of their crops. This condition of 
 things was brought about by the failure of the hop crops elsewhere 
 in the world, and the producers in the state of California practically 
 monopolized the markets and dictated the prices. 
 
 The Towns. — To the city of Sacramento particular reference is 
 made in a special article in this volume. Of the towns in the 
 count}-, aside from the principal city. Gait is the largest. Situated 
 in the heart of a rich agricultural section, and midway between the 
 cities of Sacramento and Stockton in the county of San Joaquin, 
 with direct rail comnmnication to the principal cities in the state 
 and the terminus of a railroad tapping the rich county of Amador, 
 it enjoys a position of advantage almost unequalled in the state by 
 an interior town. Its business blocks are built of brick, and the 
 residence portion of the town contains many models of the perfection 
 in architecture. 
 
 Folsom, on the line of the Sacramento and Placerville railroad, 
 was formerly a mining town, but the country surrounding it is now 
 mainly employed for the jiroduction of fruits and vines. 
 
 Numerous smaller towns dot the county, in each of which busi- 
 ness is prosperous. 
 
THE CITY OF SACRAMENTO. 
 
 By Wtnfield J. Davis, Official Reporter of the Courts 
 
 The great seal of the state of" California is happily designed. 
 The goddess Minerva is the principal feature. Minerva, the hap- 
 piest of conceptions of Grecian mythology, sprang forth fully armored 
 and with a mighty war shout from the brain of Jupiter. She was 
 the patron of heroism among men, the protectress of the arts of 
 peace, the symbol of thought and the goddess of wisdom. So did 
 California come into the sisterhood of the states of the American 
 Union full fledged, and without territorial probation. Like Minerva, 
 when the hour of trouble came, she was the {jatron of heroism. 
 From her soil was taken the gold, without which the confederacy of 
 the states could not have been maintained. 
 
 The capital city of this great western state was happily located. 
 Planted at the confluence of two large rivers, at the median be- 
 tween the great metropolis at the sea and the mines, it was a nat- 
 ural center. The era of mining passed, yet Sacramento found her- 
 self the heart of the richest agricultural section in the world. With 
 the remarkable developments in the way of material resources that 
 have been made in Northern and Central California in the last few 
 years, Sacramento has kept full pace. To her mart the products of 
 the great commonwealth naturally drift, and are shipped to the out- 
 side world. No city in the state or nation has a more advan- 
 tag'eous position and surrounding. 
 
 The cit}^ of Sacramento is the county seat of Sacramento county 
 and capital of California. Latitude 38° 35" N,, longitude 121° 30" 
 W. Distance by rail from San Francisco eighty-three miles. The 
 city is located on an extensive plain, on the east bank of the Sacra- 
 mento river, immediately south of its confluence with the Ameri- 
 can river. 
 
 The streets are wide and cross at right angles ; those running east 
 and west are designated by the letters of the alphabet, and those 
 crossing them, north and south, are numbered, commencing at the 
 Sacramento river. The business portion is built of brick, and the 
 residence portion of wood. Shade trees are abundant, and almost 
 every residence yard is lawned and planted with orange trees, palms 
 and ornamental plants. The climate is semi-tropical, and in the 
 
22 
 
 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 23 
 
 open air the year around there is a luxuriant growth of trees and 
 flowers. 
 
 The first railroad in California, extending from Sacramento into 
 El Dorado county, was formally opened on February 22d, 1856. 
 Work on the Central Pacific railroad was inaugurated at Sacra- 
 mento January 8th, 1863, and the last spike was driven May 10th, 
 1869. Sacramento is on the line of the California and Oregon, 
 Western Pacific, Central Pacific, California Pacific, and Sacramento 
 and Placerville railroads. All these roads are of the Southern 
 Pacific System, the shops of which are located in the city, covering 
 twenty-five acres of land, and furnishing constant employment to 
 about 2,000 men. The company's hospital is also located in the 
 city. A line of steamboats run to San Francisco on the Sacra- 
 mento river and the baj^s, and another as far up the same stream 
 as Red Bluff. The Sacramento river is spanned opposite the city 
 by a railroad and wagon bridge, connecting it with the town of 
 Washington, Yolo county ; and the American river is bridged on 
 the line of Twelfth street, and also by a railroad bridge a short dis- 
 tance above. All the bridges in the county and all roads are free. - 
 
 The capital of California was permanently located at Sacramento 
 February 25th, 1854, and in 1869 the present capitol building was 
 completed at a cost of about $3,000,000. The building is the finest 
 in the state. In the capitol park are also the exposition pavilion 
 of the State Agricultural Society, and the state printing office, in 
 which are printed, in addition to the usual work for the state, the 
 text-books for U3e in the public schools. The State Agricultural 
 Society has also an extensive park for the exhibition of stock, and 
 one of the finest race tracks in the world. The state fairs are 
 annually held in September. The masons and odd fellows have 
 each imposing temples, in which their lodge-rooms are located. The 
 United States government has purchased a site for a postoffice 
 building, to be erected immediately, for which an appropriation of 
 $100,000 has been made. The county court-house (formerly used 
 for a state capitol) cost $200,000 ; and a brick and iron hall of 
 records has recently been completed at a cost of $50,000. The 
 county hospital, built on the pavilion plan, can accommodate one 
 hundred and seventy-five patients, and cost $75,000. 
 
 There are in the city twenty-seven hotels, one national and three 
 commercial and savings banks, three daily, two semi-weekly (Ger- 
 man), four weekly newspapers, and three monthlies, and seventeen 
 
24 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 churches. The catholic cathedral, now in course of erection, will 
 cost $250,000. There are also twelve public school buildings, three 
 colleges, four private schools, and one art school. 
 
 The state library contains some sixty thousand volumes ; and 
 the free public library, of twelve thousand volumes, is maintained 
 by a small city tax, and with the two-story building in which it is 
 contained, is the property of the city. The order of odd fellows 
 maintain a library of about eight thousand volumes. The Crocker 
 art gallery is also the property of the city. It is a brick and iron 
 building, three stories high, and in it are contained some of the finest 
 paintings and statuary in the union, together with an extensive 
 cabinet of minerals, the property of the State. 
 
 The city has t'ouv flouring mills, f )ur planing mills, two box fac- 
 tories, one broom factory, one cannery, two wineries, seven carriage 
 manufactories, two spice mills, three potteries, and five foundries. 
 
 Sacramento is lighted with gas and electricity, most of the street 
 lio-htino- beino- furnished by the latter means. The water works is 
 the property of the city, and the water takers are charged at a rate 
 to afford a revenue slightly in excess of the amount necessary to 
 meet the running expenses of the works. The water is pumped di- 
 rectly into the city mains from the Sacramento river. The pumps 
 are of the latest pattern, and the pressure is exerted by their power. 
 
 The state capitol park embraces twenty-five acres of land, and 
 the city plaza two and a half Both parks are lawned and planted 
 with the choicest varieties of trees, shrubs and flowering and orna- 
 mental plants, and fountains are appropriately placed. During the 
 summer months semi-weekly open-air concerts are given at these 
 parks by brass bands, and are universally attended. 
 
 In 1839 Captain John A. Sutter established a fort, now included 
 within the city limits, but the city was not laid out until 1848, after 
 the discovery of gold. The thousands of gold seekers who arrived 
 in the country came up the river to Sacramento in steamers and 
 sailint'- vessels, and from that point proceeded by land to the mines. 
 A canvas town was at first established on the river bank, and soon 
 the substantial buildings of a city were erected. With the run of 
 California cities, Sacramento has experienced its great fires. On 
 November 2d, 1852, most of the business portion was burned, and 
 again on July 13th, 1854, a great fire swept over the same ground 
 and destroyed all that had been rebuilt after the 1852 conflagration. 
 The city is now protected by an efficient paid fire department. 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 25 
 
 The city was incorporated by an act of the first legislature 
 passed on February 27th, 1850 ; on April 24th, 1858, the govern- 
 ments of the city and county were consolidated ; and on April 25tby 
 1863, the present charter, providing for a city government only, was- 
 passed. 
 
 Sacramento city is located in the heart of the richest agricultural 
 section of California, having adjacent to it the counties of Yolo 
 Solano, Colusa, Butte, Placer, El Dorado, San Joaquin, Amador] 
 and its own (Sacramento), in all of which, within the last few years] 
 the increased value of lands has been marked ; and notably in the 
 foothill counties it has been discovered that their soils are peculiarly 
 adapted to the production of grapes and citrus fruits. Lands in the 
 foothills, which a few years ago were regarded as comparatively 
 valueless, are now eagerly sought after at high prices. Cereals, 
 fruits and hops are extensively grown in this section of the state, and 
 the rearing of fine stock has of late years been made a specialty. 
 
 COUNTY COURT-HOUSE, SACRAMENTO. 
 
THE AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES OF SACRA- 
 MENTO COUNTY. 
 
 By P. E. Platt, of the fruit shipping firm of W. R. Strong & Co. 
 
 There is no spot on earth where fruit culture can be carried on 
 more profitabl}^, where greater variety can be produced, or where 
 crops are surer than in that portion of the great Sacramento valley 
 occupied by the county of Sacramento. At least this is the candid 
 opinion of the writer who, after having spent fifteen years in the 
 growing, packing and shipping of fruits to all the prominent cities 
 of the east from Sacramento city, claims to know whereof he speaks, 
 and will endeavor to convince the reader of the truth of the broad 
 assertions herein made. This he thinks can be done best by a sim- 
 ple recital of facts, which can easily be verified, and which speak for 
 themselves. 
 
 Soil and Climate. — There are three principal qualities of land in 
 this county ; the river bottom land, a deep, rich sediment deposit ; 
 a second bottom, which is a deep, sandy loam ; and the red bedrock 
 land of the plains ; all of which are especially adapted to fruit of 
 some kinds. Tt would be very diflficult to name any product of the 
 vegetable kingdom that could not be grown without irrigation on 
 the rich river bottoms first menMoned, or with irrigation on the sec- 
 ond named — while the red lands, owing to their shallowness, are not 
 so desirable for tree culture ; but berries of all kinds and every 
 known variety of the finest table grapes do remarkably well on them. 
 As the term is understood in the east, there is no winter here. 
 The tender calla lily, as well as the olive, lemon and orange tree, 
 blossom or bears fruit in the open air during the so called winter 
 months. Neither is the heat of summer oppressive. There are no 
 sunstrokes ; and the farmer finds no inconvenience by reason of 
 excessive heat. This article is not intended as a treatise on clima- 
 tology, and the subject is mentioned only for the purpose of show- 
 ing why the fruit grower here has no waste time, but can, if he will, 
 utilize every day of the year ; not only so, but he may actually 
 gather fruit of some kind from his orchards, if not every day, cer- 
 tainly every month of the year. Let us contemplate for a moment 
 the various crops that are now being successfully and extensively 
 grown, and we will take them in order, commencing with the — 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 27 
 
 Winter Fruits. — These embrace oran^^es, lemons, pomegranates, 
 olives and persimmons, which all ripen during the months of Novem- 
 ber, December and January. It has only been during the last four 
 years that it has been generally known, even to our own residents, 
 that the first two would do well here, consequently there are not a 
 large number of bearing orchards to be found, but enough full grown 
 trees exist to prove that they can and do thrive and produce fine 
 fruit. The writer is personally connected with a firm that has 
 brought to Sacramento county during the last three years over 
 50,000 orange and lemon trees, and will bring here, in addition to 
 those now growing in its own nursery grounds this winter, at least 
 50,000 more. So great has been the demand for planting in this 
 district, that it is sure that in a few years orange and lemon culture 
 will form an important part of our industry. The crop of oranges 
 in Sacramento county this year is estimated at 1,000 boxes. Five 
 years hence it may be 50,000 boxes, and increase thereafter in like 
 proportion. Oranges and lemons ripen here much earlier than in the 
 southern part of the State. This fact may seem strange to many, but 
 any who doubt it may prove it to their satisfaction very easily by 
 comparing the fruit from the two localities in November. It is a 
 fact that the oranges of Sacramento and other central counties are 
 always sold at fancy prices long before any are received from the 
 southern counties. This is an advantage which will be apparent at 
 a glance. As to the quality : the writer, with others, in charge of 
 the citrus fair exhibit from Central California at Chicago in the 
 winter of 1886-7, was assured by experts that no better oranges 
 ever reached that market. They were compared with the products 
 of Florida, Louisiana and the Mediterranean, and suffered nothing 
 by the comparison. The Japanese persimmon is the finest fruit of 
 that famil}^ in the world, and grows here to the size of apples. 
 Olives do well, and are being extensively planted. They are very 
 profitable both for pickling and for oil. A grand opportunity is 
 here presented for any one who will make a study of the business of 
 raising olives, and who understands their commercial value. Sam- 
 ples of olive oil made in Sacramento county, and in the foothill 
 region adjoining, were exhibited last year at Chicago, and were pro- 
 nounced much superior to the imported article. The olive tree 
 grows rapidly and bears prolifically ; it is easily grown and very long 
 lived. There can be no doubt that before many years the olives of 
 California,' like her raisins now are doing, will drive the foreign 
 
28 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 article out of the market. Olive culture, as well as oraiijjfe and fio- 
 growing, is soon to be a leadino^ industry in Sacramento county. 
 
 Spring Fruits. — We next come to the spring fruits, such as mature 
 and are marketed in April, May and June. These embrace straw- 
 berries, raspberries, blackberries and cherries. Every acre of til- 
 lable land in Sacramento county will grow the finest strawberries 
 in great profusion. This is a very profitable crop, and should be 
 more largely cultivated. On the second year after the vines are 
 set out a heavy crop may be gathered ; and the fact that such 
 quick results ma}' be had makes it a desirable crop. Less than 500 
 acres are now cultivated in strawberries, whereas there is a market 
 for the product of 10,000 acres at fairly remunerative prices. 
 Raspberries do well here, as experiment has shown, and pay well. 
 Blackberries are not so profitable, still they can be dried as well as 
 sold green, and will pay, while cherries have always made the grower 
 splendid returns. This latter variety grows to the largest size here, 
 and as it is early and yields immense crops our fruit growers have 
 no cause to regret having planted cherr}'' trees. The only wonder 
 is that there are not more of them. Doubtless there soon will be, 
 as there seems to be no danger of over-production of cherries, for 
 the reason that there are so many avenues through which they 
 may be disposed of. First, coming in early they find a good local 
 market both in Sacramento and San Francisco at good prices ; 
 secondly, they are of the finest Ojuality for shipping, and many tons 
 of them are sent out of the state daily during the season ; and 
 thirdly, the canneries will take all of certain varieties that can be 
 grown. 
 
 Early Summer Fruits. — As he finishes picking his early fruits and 
 collects the money for them, the Sacramento fruit grower finds he 
 must keep right on with his early summer fruits, such as apricots, 
 plums, peaches, pears and nectarines. 
 
 The first peaches are ready by the last of May or the first of 
 June. Apricots and the early varieties of plums about the same 
 time; and it is now that the fruit crop proper is reached, and from 
 May to October there is no cessation in fruit picking, packing and 
 shipping. To mention all the varieties of the above named species 
 that are grown in this county, would require as much space as it is 
 intended to devote to this entire article. So in passing we will sim- 
 ply draw attention to a few leading points. Peaches are very largely 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 29 
 
 cultivated all over the county, but they reach their greatest impor- 
 tance on the bottom lands, alongr the banks of the American, Cosum- 
 nes and Sacramento rivers. From these districts alone hundreds of 
 tons of fine, large, luscious peaches are marketed every day during 
 the season. When the picking reaches its height, no doubt as many 
 as 300 tons daily find a market ; but this heavy supply only lasts a 
 very few days. 
 
 Apricots ripen early, and while a limited quantity are shipped in 
 a green state, the great bulk of this crop is either dried or preserved 
 in cans, for both of which purposes it is unexcelled by any other 
 fruit. Of all comitries in the world California is the only one that 
 has made a thorough success of the apricot. This seems to be its 
 natural home, and in Sacramento county it reaches its very finest 
 development in size, flavor and productiveness. With the entire 
 world for a market, apricot growing cannot fail to become a leading 
 and profitable industry. 
 
 Pears are also a leading summer fruit. A large number of varie- 
 ties are grown, among which may be named the Madeline, Blood- 
 good, Dearborn Seedling, Le Count, Beurre Hardy, Seckel, Beurre 
 Clargeau, B. Bose, Winter Nellis, etc., but chief among all is the 
 world renowned California Bartlett pear. This pear has been ship- 
 ped in great quantities from Sacramento city to every city of any 
 size in the United States, and is as well known in New York, New 
 Orleans, Chicago and Minneapolis as in San Francisco, or nearly so ; 
 hence a descripticm of it iiere is unnecessary. Suffice it to say that 
 it embraces all the fine qualities that can be named in a pear. It 
 grows on the rich lands of the Sacramento river in larger quantities 
 and size than any where else in the world. Needless to say it has 
 alwa3's been profitable in Sacramento county. The writer knows of 
 instances where an acre of Bartlett pear trees have never failed 
 during the last ten years to yield a net income of over $500 per an- 
 num, and often as high as $800 or $1,000. These orchards are 
 within a mile or two of Sacramento city, and can easily be found. 
 
 Plums are also very profitable. They grow to a large size, and 
 as they keep well when properly handled, they are shipped in vast 
 quantities to the eastern markets every year. There are none like 
 them in quality of size and flavor. Besides being shipped green, 
 they are sold to canners in large lots and are dried in the sun, and 
 sell well in this way. 
 
 Early in the summer also apples of various kinds are shipped from 
 
30 
 
 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 31 
 
 Sacramento to the states and territories west of the Missouri. 
 Apple culture has been neglected, but certain varieties are very 
 profitable, and should be more extensively cultivated. Nectarines 
 do well, but are not considered as profitable as other fruits. 
 
 Fall Fruits. — In the fall fruits we have apples, pears, grapes, 
 quinces, prunes, and peaches. Of these we will refer to only two : 
 grapes and prunes, the others having been alread}' mentioned, 
 
 Sacramento county is pre-eminently the honie of the grape. 
 While it is true that grapes do well all over the northern and 
 central part of California, yet it cannot be denied that on the red 
 lands of the Sacramento plains they reach their highest perfection. 
 The table varieties include the Flaming Tokay, the Muscat, Black 
 Prince, Morocco, Emperor, Cornischon, and some others have al- 
 wa3''s brought good prices for shipment to the east. These grapes 
 are profitable at $15. to $20 per ton, but have usually sold at from 
 $40 to $60 per ton. 
 
 French or petite prunes are becoming a leading fruit. They are 
 remarkably prolific, and when cured, far excel in quality the im- 
 ported article and bring much higher prices. While German prunes 
 are being sold in New York at 5 and 6 cents per pound, our Sacra- 
 mento grown French prunes readily bring 10 and 12 cents per pound 
 here for shipment east. The culture of the prune is simple. They 
 do well in any land that is suited for plums, and there is no difficulty 
 whatever to cure and prepare them for market. Fortunes can be 
 made in this fruit beyond doubt. Raisins are easily cured here, the 
 weather being very favorable, and no rains ever interfere with the 
 drying process. 
 
 Sacramento as a Fi^idt Shipping Center. — We now reach an im- 
 portant feature in the fruit industry of Sacramento county, and one 
 to which particular attention should be drawn. It may not be 
 generally known, but it is a fact that nearly ninety per cent, of the 
 green fruit (other than oranges) that leaves the state of California 
 for the eastern states and territories is shipped from Sacramento. 
 It is true that other adjacent fruit districts supply some of this 
 fruit, but it is shipped into Sacramento as the natural center, and 
 here billed out to eastern points. The quantity grown m Sacra- 
 mento county is large itself, and when there is added to this the 
 product of El Dorado, Placer, Yolo, Solano, and other counties, the 
 aggregate becomes something immense. To move the vast quantity 
 
32 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 of fruit, entire trains of ten to twelve, and sometimes more, cars 
 each are chartered and run ahiiost daily during the rush of the busi- 
 ness. These trains are run east on passenger train time, and at low 
 rates of freight — still better rates being expected soon. 
 
 Besides these special fruit trains many car loads are dispatched 
 daily on passenger and freight trains, and the fruits of central Cali- 
 fornia are now, as before stated, almost as well known in all the 
 cities of the east as in Sacramento. 
 
 During the season just closing (October, 1887,) nearly 3,000 car 
 loads of fruits and vegetables have been shipped from Sacramento 
 to eastern trade centers, and when this quantity is added to the im- 
 mense amount consumed by local and San Francisco canneries, an 
 idea may be had of the vast yield of the district tributary to 
 Sacramento. 
 
 The fruit shipping industry is yet in its infancy, but may now be 
 considered as in a healthy condition, and bound to grow to gigantic 
 proportions. As new railroads center here and fresh competition is 
 a,dded in the carrying trade, better facilities are afforded, quicker 
 time, and lower rates, the business will be found practically to have 
 no limit ; but, of course, much has yet to be learned and man}'' im- 
 improvements can easily be made. 
 
 As showing the importance to which the fruit shipping business 
 of Sacramento has grown, the following, taken from the Chicago 
 Inter-Ocean of October 25, 1887, is not out of place : 
 
 *' Sacramento has become the great fruit-shipping center of the 
 state for the eastern markets, as the official figures abundantly 
 demonstrate. During the year 1886 Sacramento shipped east in 
 green fruit, twenty-six times as much as Los Angeles and San 
 Francisco combined, and about nine-tenths of the entire amount of 
 California fruit shipped. The figures from the railroad companies' 
 books show that San Francisco shipped 525,290 pounds; Los Ange- 
 les, 201,960 pounds; Sacramento, 19,440,180 pounds, which is 
 certainly a substantial showing * * "" "" A good 
 
 idea of the volume of the city's export business may be gained from 
 the official figures of the Southern Pacific Company, which show 
 that of the total of 51,589,820 pounds of freight shipped over that 
 road from the entire state during August of the present 3'ear, Sac- 
 ramento shipped about one-fourth. 
 
 " Sacramento is and will continue to be the chief fruit-exporting 
 market of the state. Its advantages in this particular are so pro- 
 nounced and so firmly established, that the city can affi)rd to ignore 
 the claims and misrepresentations of all envious rivals," 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 33 
 
 The fruit shipped in 1887 will greatly exceed in bulk the ship- 
 ments of 1886. 
 
 It may not be thought out of place here to enumerate other pro- 
 ductions that are being found highly profitable in this county, as 
 well as some that are just passing the experimental stage. 
 
 The Hop Culture. — The following from the pen of Mr. Daniel 
 Flint, a leading hop grower of Sacramento, will be ot interest ; 
 
 " Hop culture on this coast dates back to about 1858. Prior to 
 that date most of the hops <;onsumed came around Cape Horn, 
 sealed up in tin cases. The first roots were imported by Wilson Flint, 
 from Vermont, via the Isthmus. Hop culture developed very 
 slowly, on account of the prejudice of the brewers against a hop 
 that contained a much larger percentage of strength than the ones 
 they had been accustomed to use. Hop dealers discouraged the 
 use of California hops, because they thought it would interfere 
 with their imported article. The brewers found after a while that 
 it did not take near as many for a brewii g, and tliey must not be 
 boiled or steeped as long as the eastern hop. Now an eastern or foreign 
 hop is a rarity in this market. It was earl}' demonstrated that the 
 soil and climate of Sacramento county was unsurpassed for hop cul- 
 ture. Here, and the only place known, a crop of from one to two 
 thousand pounds per acre can be grown the first year the roots or 
 sets are planted. It is a common occurrence to grow two and three 
 thousand pounds per acre, and in some instances four thousand 
 pounds have been growMi on an acre. 
 
 " We have no frosts to aflf'ect them when in a dormant state in the 
 winter, no vermin to effect them durmg growth, and no rains to de- 
 stroy them during the gathering season. 
 
 " We use the willow, madronaand redwood hop poles, also the wire 
 trellis for training. Most of the picking is done by Chinamen, a 
 few Indians, and all the white help that will work. It is believed 
 with our facilities and the great product per acre, that this coast can 
 compete with the world in hop culture. The cost of picking green 
 hops is from 80 cents to $1.00 per hundred pounds. Twenty-eight 
 to thirty pounds of dry hops are obtained from 100 pounds of 
 green. It is believed that hop culture will become one of the lead- 
 ing industries of this coast, and that she will gain the reputation 
 and have the world for her market. 
 
 "In 1880 Cahfornia grew 8,540 bales; in 1881, 8,913 bales; 1882, 
 14,227 bales; 1883, 27,000 bales ; 1884,41,231 bales; 1885,26,183 
 bales; 1886, 28,411 bales. A bale of hops averages from 180 to 
 200 pounds." . 
 
 Alfalfa. — This excellent forage plant is one of the "mainstays" 
 of the California farmer. Nothing would compensate him for the 
 
34 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 loss of this crop. It is valuable for pasturage, hay and seed. It is 
 exceedingly vigorous, hard}^ and prolific ; remains nearly dormant 
 during November and December, and with this exception grows the 
 year round. Three to five crops each year can be cut, ranging from 
 two to four tons each cutting per acre. The last crop is usually 
 taken for seed, for which a good market is found, the seed yielding 
 from $30 to $40 per acre. All kinds of stock do well on it. Hogs 
 fatten on it, and taken altogether its value is incalculable. The hay 
 will sell at $6 to $10 per ton. 
 
 Beans. — Hundreds of car loads of beans are ofrown on the rich 
 bottom lands of Sacramento county and each year are shipped to' 
 the eastern markets. They are a very profitable crop, and a failure 
 has never been known. 
 
 Figs. — Most any part of California will produce this fruit. On 
 the banks of the rivers in the county under consideration the fig 
 tree attains to great size and is remarkably productive. The com- 
 mon black fig requires absolutely no care or attention. The tree 
 grows like the oak, and is equally vigorous and hardy. It attains a 
 g'reat size, and when covered with its larsfe screen leaves and rich 
 handsome fruit is a beautiful sight. The first crop is usually sold 
 green, but the second is allowed to fall to the ground, and when 
 sufficiently dry the figs are thrown into sacks and readily command 
 three and one-half to five cents per pound, at which price they are 
 very profitable. 
 
 The Smyrna, or " Fig of C<Hnrnerce," is now being introduced, and 
 there seems to be no good reason why California may not in the 
 near future supply the millions of pounds of this delicious fruit that 
 are annually consumed in the United State-', and which are now im- 
 ported from Europe. 
 
 Nuts. — Almonds have long been found a reliable and profitable 
 crop. The tree will do well on any land that will grow peaches, 
 and as the crop is rarely light and never fails the grower has a 
 sure source of income from a fine almond orchard. At eleven to 
 fourteen cents per pound, vvjuch is the ruling rate, they pay well. 
 
 Walnuts o^row well here. The Enc^lish soft shell walnut has not 
 been extensively planted, but enough are growing to demonstrate 
 that it is a profitable crop, Mr. P. H. Murphy has an English 
 walnut tree on his ranch on the Cosumnes river, in Sacramento 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 35 
 
 county, that is thouf^ht to be the largest in the state. This, how- 
 ever, may or may not be true, but it is a monstrous large tree and 
 yields heavily of very fine quality. Black walnut trees are grown 
 for shade and ornament. Peanuts oF fine quality are extensively 
 grown. 
 
 Broom corn is grown very extensively, as is also Egyptian corn ; 
 the latter making a good and cheap food for stock. Sweet potatoes 
 do remarkably well, and are very largely cultivated by the Chinese, 
 who also raise vast quantities of other kinds of vegetables. There 
 is a grand opening for intelligent field gardening by skillful white 
 growers. Cabbages, potatoes, onions, garlics, etc., etc., find a good 
 market through the states and territories west of the Missouri river, 
 and the growing of them cannot easily be overdone. Licorice is 
 being successfully raised at Florin, in this county. The plant does 
 well and may soon become a leading product. 
 
 No energetic man need fail to make a handsome profit, if, indeed, 
 he does not secure a competency in growing any of the varied pro- 
 ducts herein mentioned. In horticulture he will, of course, need to 
 use judgment and intelligence both in the selection of suitable land 
 for the particular fruit desired and also in the varieties of fruit 
 planted. It will be very desirable for him to consult some respon- 
 sible nurseryman, of whom there are several in the county, as to 
 the kinds of trees adapted to his land and as to the varieties most 
 profitable. Finally the natural beauty and desirability of this sec- 
 tion as a lionie will impress the thoughtful reader, when he con- 
 siders the varied products, the mild and winterless climate, and the 
 location of the county. A celebrated writer, Mr. Benj. F. Taylor, 
 pays the following glowing tribute to Sacramento : 
 
 ** The valley of the Sacramento is a garden, and Sacramento is 
 the ' urbs in horto ' of it. It is our first glimpse of the celestial 
 flowery kingdom of the christian world. Roses never die. Rare 
 exotics that we at the enst cherish as if they were infants, and 
 bend over like new made fathers' and mothers, are distrained for 
 conservatory rent and turned out of doors. The white dome of 
 the state capitol rises like a pale planet above the green surges and 
 waving banners of semi-tropic luxuriance "''' * '". The orange 
 blossoms are abroad and the fruit is as golden as the three pawn- 
 broker planets, and as green as a walnut in its first round about, all 
 at once. They that dwell here sit under their own vine and fig 
 tree, and the palm waves over their heads "'" * ^'^ '"' '"'. Taste 
 and wealth have conspired with nature. There is no fairer land- 
 scape between the tropics." 
 
36 
 
 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 37 
 
 The same poetic writer also finds in Sacramento a fit theme for 
 song when he writes the following describing his impressions of the 
 valley on descending from the Sierras. 
 
 " We die out of winter in the flash of an eye, 
 Into Eden of earth, into heaven of sky ; 
 Sacramento's fair vale with its parlors of God, 
 Where the souls of the flowers rise and drift all abroad, 
 As if resurrection were all the year round 
 And the writing of Christ sprang alive from the ground, 
 When He said to the woman those words that will last 
 When the globe shall grow human with the dead it has clasped. 
 Live-oaks in their orchards, rare exotics'run wild, 
 No orphan among them, each Nature's own child. 
 Oh, wonderful land where the turbulent sand 
 Will burst into bloom at the touch of a hand, 
 And a desert baptized prove an Eden disguised." 
 
 SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN SACRAMENXp. 
 
 By J. A. Woodson, Editor of the Sacramento Daily Record-Union. 
 
 " Who," asked George Eliot, " can all at once describe a human 
 being ?" How much less can one *' all at once " describe the social 
 condition of a community ? A knowledge of society must be the 
 result of viewing it in many phases ; of long study and observation 
 of it, and a judicial consideration of its strength and its weakness; 
 of its springs and purposes, as distinguished from the dry leaves of 
 formality. After more than thirty years' residence in California, 
 from early to ripened manhood, and after nearly seventeen years of 
 home life in California's capital city, the presumption should be in 
 favor of fair judgment by a man of ordinary intelligence, whose 
 active life has all related to social growth and development about 
 him. So much for the witness who has noted social conditions in 
 their transition from the nervous and restless pioneer era and the 
 newness of a virgin country, to their '' settling down " into the 
 beaten paths of permanent industry. 
 
 Looking back, and then at the present, with as much of imparti- 
 ality and mental equipoise as one ardently attached to the city of 
 his home can command, I do not discover such marked difference 
 between social conditions here, and those of the elder east, as many 
 
38 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 unacquainted with California are inclined to believe exists. It is 
 foreign to the purpose of this paper to more than refer to the 
 pioneer era, or that immediately preceding it. Out of the crude 
 and variegated components of early society in California — a mingling 
 of savagery and chivalry, of border rudeness and Mexican civiliza- 
 tion, upon which the American began his work on these shores — 
 have grown the present conditions. 
 
 False impressions concerning our society are entertained at the 
 east, and they are due very largely to the romancing of a class of 
 writers who have been accepted as true delinieators of California 
 life, when in fact they have drawn more largely upon exceptional 
 events, rare characters, and their vivid fancy, than upon the foun- 
 tains of truth. The California society of which Bret Harte, for 
 instance, has written so much, is not a type of any existing repre- 
 sentative conditions. The exaggerations of such writers — or, to 
 state it more mildly, the exceptional characters and incidents upon 
 which they have hinged their romantic romances — have grown, we 
 fear, into accepted facts in the estimation of very many of our 
 brethren abroad. The truth is, there is a logical relation between 
 the early days of the era of gold discovery and the social conditions 
 of this time, but it develops nothing to our discredit or which we 
 should fear to have passed down into history. 
 
 In Sacramento, as in all the cities and towns of the state, pro- 
 perty is as secure, life as carefully protected, education as much 
 fostered, homes as sacred, woman as exalted, virtue as respected, 
 probity as honored, as in the eldest and most staid of American 
 communities. It is not true that in the primal days of our state- 
 hood there was that looseness of morals that has been charged and 
 which it is by some believed is still reflected in the moral tone of 
 the present. The pioneer men of California were picked and 
 chosen ; they were adventurous spirits, but came out of the best 
 civilization of the great east. They were representative of the 
 homes of the whole Union, chivalrous, daring, moved by the same 
 impulses and actuated by the same motives as their brethren at 
 home. Such as remained in the land and grew into the new condi- 
 tions inseparable from settlement of the country, tilhng of the soil 
 and the influx of commercial conservatism, have proved to the 
 world their capacity as state builders, and that the social foundations 
 they laid were not ill planted. They have lived to see the work of 
 their hands develop a code of laws modeled after the best accepted 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 39 
 
 systems ; to witness the uprise of a school system so richly endowed 
 as to excite the admiration of the world, and afford the youth of 
 the state almost boundless opportunities for intellectual culture and 
 mental training. Whatever high-minded and courageous pioneers, 
 commercial activity, legitimate industries, agricultural development, 
 financial abilitj^ and the bounty of nature in her fairest part and 
 most generous mood, could do for any people, they have done for 
 California, and essentially for Sacramento. With the moral influ- 
 ence of the church and the school these factors have given us 
 society where lawlessness is no more known than in cities of like 
 population and similar surroundings at the east. The aspirations of 
 the people of the great valley, of which Sacramento is the com- 
 mercial seat, are as high, and their purposes as pure as those of any 
 other people. We resist the evil tendencies of human nature with 
 quite as much vigor as any ; we are as sensitive to debasing influ- 
 ences and as solicitous for their elimination from society, as are our 
 eastern friends. 
 
 These are generalities, and yet no more definite idea can be con- 
 veyed to the stranger of social conditions in Sacramento, except by 
 a detailed statement of the forms social activitias have taken. To 
 this end I may recite that the school system of the state, unprece- 
 dented in endowment, is supplemented in our city by self-imposition 
 of a still greater tax to bring the scheme of education to a still 
 higher standard Nowhere in the state is greater interest mani- 
 fested in education of the youth, and nowhere are the common 
 schools and high schools better equipped and turning out better re- 
 sults. The church is maintained in all its branches, and all the 
 church organizations are maintained with a liberal hand. All the 
 customary confraternal associations are represented in our city, and 
 nowhere else is their membership of a higher order of citizenship. 
 Libraries are plentiful and are patronized to a gratifying extent. 
 The city owns a superb art gallery, and appreciation of the rare 
 works within it is manifest by the constant visitations paid to it by 
 the masses. An art school is maintained by a popular and scien- 
 tific association. Asylums and hospitals, benevolent associations and 
 charitable organizations commensurate with our needs, are supported 
 by the generosity of the people. Literary circles, clubs and associ- 
 ations, in large number, testify to the intellectual tastes of the 
 people. Social societies to cater to the natural desire for rational 
 amusement are formed from time to time, and have varying terms 
 
40 
 
 RESOURCES OF SACRAI\IENTO COUNTY. 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 41 
 
 of life. The demand for newspapers and periodicals is responded to 
 by five journals and a magazine, and several papers of irregular 
 issue. The dramatic taste is favored by the appearance of com- 
 panies in two handsome theatres, and the audiences are uniformly 
 critical and just; so much so as to make their judgment feared by 
 the unworthy and courted by the meritorious. 
 
 There is ample wealth in Sacramento, but practically none of the 
 arrogance that is so frequently its accompaniment ; indeed, no com- 
 munity in the country is so free from offensive manifestations of 
 purse pride — a fact upon which I am disposed to place great em- 
 phasis. The homes of the city constitute the chief source of the 
 pride of its people — a truth which more than any other will give the 
 intelligent reader a correct idea of our social conditions. I have, in 
 seventeen years' residence among them, found the people who really 
 constitute the community broad-minded, generous, susceptible to 
 all humanizing, refining and gentle influences, and abhorrent of 
 the coarse, narrow, illiberal and vicious. On the other hand, that 
 no concealments may be made, it is true that there is lack of that 
 spirit of providence characteristic of our eastern brethren. The 
 contention with nature here for subsistence is so slight that men 
 place a lower estimate upon the need for saving, and gratify their 
 tastes with more liberality of expenditure and less care for the 
 morrow. The restraints that in older communities secure a greater 
 regard for the Christian Sabbath are somewhat less felt here, as 
 throughout all California. The city is not free from other ills that 
 afflict all large aggregations of population, but nowhere is the vicious 
 criminal element kept under stronger check or does it feel more of 
 repressive vigor. Gaming, save on rare occasions, when there is an 
 outburst of audacity, is driven to hole and corner, and probably is 
 not practiced more extensively than in many metropolitan commu- 
 nities at the east. 
 
 To sum up : With p/recisely the evils which intelligence will sug- 
 gest as likely to exist in a city situated upon several great arteries of 
 transportation and communication, Sacramento's social and refining 
 influences, her intellectual and moral forces, the potency of her 
 home influence, the leveling of moneyed distinctions and the asso- 
 ciation of the people upon the basis of worth, intelligence and moral 
 character; the remarkable minimum of the criminal and vicious 
 elements; the strong manifestations of fine taste for art, music and 
 literature ; the conservative influences of an immense and immedi- 
 
42 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 ately occupied agricultural area ; the large proportion of the best 
 representatives of the older states, who have taken up their resi- 
 dence here ; the character and condition and numerical strength of 
 the churches ; the breadth and height of the educational institu- 
 tions of the city, public and private ; the metropolitan privilege and 
 the rural conservatism which characterize Sacramento — all these 
 convince me that the social conditions in this city invite the com- 
 mendation of the stranger and challenge his criticism. 
 
 CLIMATE AND RAINFALL. 
 
 By Sergeant James A. Barwick, Observer Signal Corps, U. S. Army and Meteorologist 
 to the California State Board of Airriculture. 
 
 The climatic condition of Sacramento county as compared with the 
 same condition of the ffreat Riviera and citrus and olive belt of north- 
 
 o 
 
 ern and western Italy, and also between our county and North Caro- 
 lina, we find that this county leads both Italy and North Carolina. 
 Table 2 shows the average winter, spring, summer, autumn and 
 yearly temperature, along with the highest and lowest temperatures 
 and average rainfall of Sacramento, Brighton and Gait. The mean 
 of these three points gives us the average temperature of Sacramento 
 county as compared with the seven points in northern Italy, (see 
 Table 2), which is very little larger than our county. It is found 
 that Sacramento county shows a warmer winter, spring and yearly 
 average temperature and about the same summer and autumn tem- 
 perature that the great citrus belt of northern Italy does, where it is 
 said "perpetual summer exists, skies are blue and the sun ever shines," 
 The comparative records show that this is an unwarranted liberty 
 taken by the writers of the climate of northern Italy. Compare the 
 climate of Sacramento county with the Italian, (see Table 4), and ours 
 is found to excel theirs in winter and spring, equal them in summer 
 and autumn, and excel them in the mean average temperature for 
 the year. Their average number of clear days in a year numbers 
 221, while Sacramento county has an average of 240, being more 
 clear days in a year than any inhabited portion of the northern hemi- 
 sphere, except Yuma, Arizona, which has 279; but the climate of 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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44 
 
 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 Yuma is incomparable with ours — we excel it in salubrity and 
 healthful ness. 
 
 The tables will be found interesting- as well as instructive. 
 
 Table I gives a general comparison of the weather in all its features 
 (at Sacramento city), as taken from the records of the United 
 States signal office and shows the comparisons of the same from 
 1878 to 1886 inclusive — a period of nine years. These conditions 
 will hold good for the entire county, it being somewhat warmer in 
 the vicinity of Gait, in the southern portion. This table gives the 
 average yearly, and highest and lowest temperatures; average maxi- 
 mum and minimum temperatures ; average humidity or relative 
 amount of moisture in the atmosphere; average dew point; prevail- 
 ing direction of wind ; total rainfall ; total velocity of wind and the 
 maximum hourly velocity ; number of clear, fair and cloudy days 
 and days rain fell ; number of light and heavy frosts and number 
 of days maximum temperature was above 90° and below 32°, etc. 
 
 Table 2. 
 
 This table gives the average temperature for each season of the 
 year, along with the highest and lowest temperature and average 
 rainfall for Sacramento, Brighton and Gait. The mean of these 
 three places gives the average mean for this county. 
 
 
 ^> 
 
 - > 
 
 - > 
 
 .. > 
 
 m >• 
 
 W 
 
 ri 
 
 > 
 
 
 V ^ ^ 
 
 i < ' 
 
 3 < >■ 
 
 ^ < 
 
 s < 
 
 
 
 
 5'^ 
 
 
 
 ■D S 
 
 •0 Cl, 
 
 T a, 
 
 S fo 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 •^ >i 
 
 -S I-! 
 
 
 
 B -< 
 
 p' 
 
 
 £- ^ 
 
 
 91 pj 
 
 ^ g 
 
 '' ff," 
 
 S- a 
 
 5 p 
 
 
 m 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 
 ^ Ct> 
 
 a^S 
 
 s «> 
 
 S P 
 
 fi 015 
 
 CO 
 c<- 
 
 <* 
 
 ^ CD 
 
 Places in Sacramento 
 
 Co UNITY. 
 
 ■ p" 
 
 ■a w 
 
 B' 
 
 QTQ 
 
 s 
 
 ^1 
 
 5 
 o 
 
 3 2 
 
 <r(- 
 
 3 
 
 CD 
 
 CD 
 
 3 
 
 ►a 
 n> 
 >-t 
 
 
 ■-< 
 P 
 
 D 
 
 p" 
 
 
 rt- 
 
 <rt 
 
 ct- 
 
 ct- 
 
 h'^ 
 
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 • 2 
 
 B 
 
 Ct) 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 c*-. . 
 
 n" 
 
 pi 
 •-t 
 CD 
 
 c 
 
 ■-1 
 
 
 B' 
 
 Sacramento 
 
 48.3 . 
 
 59.5 
 
 n.7 
 
 31.5 
 
 60.2 
 
 106 
 
 19.94 
 
 19 
 
 Brio^htoTi 
 
 47.4 
 
 48.5 
 
 59.9 
 
 S1.7 
 
 74.8 
 76.4 
 
 31.9 
 52.6 
 
 61.2 
 62.3 
 
 109 
 
 108 
 
 16.44 
 15.70 
 
 20 
 
 Gait 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 Average temp, and rain- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fall of the county .... 
 
 48.1 
 
 60.4 
 
 74.3 
 
 62.0 
 
 61.2 
 
 100* 
 
 17.36 
 
 19 * 
 
 * Highest and lowest temperature. 
 
 Note. — The elevation above sea level is as follows : Sacramento 30 feet ; Brigh- 
 ton 53 feet, and Gait 49 feet. The latitude and longitude of Sacramento city is north 
 iatitude 38 degrees and 35 minutes. Longitude west from Greenwich 121 degrees 
 and 30 minutes. 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 45 
 
 Table 3. 
 
 The following tabulated data gives the average temperature for 
 the year and for each season; along with the highest and lowest 
 temperature and clear days for several places. The average for all 
 the places named in the table give the average mean for northern 
 Italy, where oranges, lemons and olives flourish. 
 
 Places in the Citrus and 
 Olive Belt of Northern 
 Italy. 
 
 CD ^ 
 
 2 S 
 
 CD OQ 
 
 B" 
 
 OQ 
 
 Average yearly 
 perature 
 
 Aver'e autumn 
 perature 
 
 Aver'e summer 
 nerature . . . 
 
 IJQ 
 Zr 
 CD 
 CO 
 
 <n- 
 CD 
 
 3 
 ►a 
 
 CD 
 
 Average 
 
 Lowest tempers 
 
 
 
 crl- 
 CD 
 
 3 
 
 CD 
 
 CD 
 
 3 
 
 cd" 
 
 3 
 
 cl- 
 
 CD 
 
 5 
 
 c 
 
 rt- 
 
 c 
 
 CD 
 
 
 Florence ' 
 
 t4.3 , 
 tG.4 . 
 14.9 , 
 i8.9 . 
 t9.0 , 
 t7.8 , 
 t9.6 . 
 
 56.0 ' 
 
 37.2 ' 
 58.6 ' 
 
 57.3 ' 
 
 58.3 ' 
 56.2 ' 
 
 57.4 ' 
 
 (4.0, 
 
 r5.2 
 rs.o 
 
 '2.4 ( 
 73.9 
 
 (2.3 ( 
 J-i.l ( 
 
 30.7 
 52.8 
 33.0 
 31.9 
 32.5 
 31.6 
 31.0 
 
 58.8 
 30.4 
 30.4 
 30.1 
 30.9 
 59.5 
 30.2 
 
 
 
 
 Pisa ' 
 
 
 
 
 Genoa ' 
 
 
 
 
 San Remo ^ 
 
 85 
 85 
 
 25 .. 
 23 
 
 
 Mentone ^ 
 
 Ml 
 
 Nice ' 
 
 •oq 
 
 Cannes ^ 
 
 85 
 
 20 .. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mean tern. 
 
 North. Italy. ^ 
 
 t7.3 . 
 
 57.3 ' 
 
 r3.7 ( 
 
 31.9 ( 
 
 30.0 
 
 85.0 
 
 22.7 
 
 321 
 
 Table 4. 
 
 This table shows briefly the figures of comparison between 
 Sacramento county, northern Italy and North Carolina, giving the 
 average temperature by seasons and for the year, with the highest 
 and lowest temperature and average number of clear daj's. 
 
 Names of Places. 
 
 ^ < 
 
 2 CD 
 
 2 CD 
 
 2 CD 
 
 CD v<5 
 
 ffi 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 OTC) 
 
 ^ 
 
 CT* 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i-f- 
 
 CD 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 ■TS 
 
 ~i 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1-1 
 CD 
 
 CD 
 
 CD 2 
 
 Sacramento County 
 Northern Italy . . . 
 North Carolina . . . 
 
 * Below zero. 
 
 48.1 
 47.4 
 46.3 
 
 60.4 
 57.3 
 59.5 
 
 74.3 
 73.7 
 77.6 
 
 62.0 
 61.9 
 64.0 
 
 61.2 
 
 109 
 
 19 
 
 60.0 
 
 85 
 
 20 
 
 61.9 
 
 103 
 
 *5 
 
 240 
 221 
 116 
 
46 
 
 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
a 
 
 iJUBLie §pRD§.p 
 
 V^, HERE yet remains in this State many thousand acres of available lands subjedl 
 to entry under the United States and State laws. These lands are situated 
 either in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges of mountains, 
 or on the broad plains of the San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys. They are lands 
 which in the rush and excitement of earlier periods, when settlers could make their 
 selection from almost the entire State, were either overlooked or regarded as of 
 small importance. Recent history of California conclusively shows that some of 
 the most profitable lands we have are those which were a few years ago considered 
 worthless. Improved systems of irrigation and scientific modes of cultivation have 
 accomplished this change of sentiment. The old fossilized ideas of farming are 
 fast making room for improved and more practical methods, and, as a consequence, 
 the "waste" lands of Californa exist only as a Pioneer reminiscence. 
 
 On the yet unsettled great plains of this State, where the rainfall is often inade- 
 quate to meet the demand, artesian wells have made it possible for the settler to cease 
 dependence on the elements, and has enabled him to declare his independence of the 
 laws governing riparian ownership of water; thus lands heretofore surrendered to 
 stockmen for grazing purposes are fast becoming recognized for their real worth. 
 The mining camps of the foothills, which have remained dormant and deserted 
 since the golden days of '49, are now teeming with a new a<5tivity and bustle, as 
 permanent as it is profitable, and to-day the "dumps," "tailings," "gulches," and 
 "canons" are producing more "color" than they ever yielded in the palmy days 
 of yore. 
 
 For years I have devoted mj' entire attention to this qiiestion, and to a study of 
 the laws governing the location of public lands; and the results have clearly proven 
 that the labor was not in vain. Although California is the second State in the 
 Union, as regards size, there is very little of her territor}' I have not personally and 
 carefully inspected ; and there is no township within her vast borders, w^here vacant 
 lands exist, from which I cannot furnish an abstradl of title. 
 
 Under the laws of this State an applicant is entitled to locate any portion of one 
 sedlion, or 640 acres of school land, without residence thereon, at the minimum price 
 of f 1.25 per acre. Of this sum 20 per cent of the purchase money (or 25 cents per 
 acre) must be paid ninet}^ days after entrj', with interest on deferred payment at the 
 rate of 7 per cent per annum until paid — it being optional with the purchaser to pay 
 in full or permit the balance of fi.oo per acre to remain at interest. 
 
 My charges for adjusting land claims are moderate compared to the high prices 
 asked for lands of no better quality; and as an investment there is nothing so safe 
 or sure under the sun. To those desirous of securing good cheap lands anywhere 
 in the State, I can truthfully say that my facilities for giving satisfadlion far exceed 
 all other dealers combined, as an enormoiis number of patrons in various portions 
 of the State can readily testify. 
 
 Correspondents residing at a distance must accompany each letter of inquiry 
 with a sum. not less than f 5.00 to insure attention and as an evidence of good faith. 
 In the event of further business transadlions, this sum will be deducfted from the 
 final amount to be paid. 
 
 Call on or address 
 
 HORACE STEVENS, 
 
 Attorney for Land Claimants, 
 
 -% No. 1525 N Street, 
 
 vSacramento, California. 
 
SACRAMENTO AS A NATURAL TRADE CENTER. 
 
 By 0, K. McClatchy, Managing Editor Sacramento Daily Evening Bee. 
 
 Sacramento, situated as she is, the center and metropoHs of the 
 richest portion of California, the very heart of a vast railroad 
 system, and with magnificent water power ri(^ht at her very doors, 
 presents advantages to intending investors in manufactures equalled 
 by no city on the Pacific slope. That this is so is amply proved by 
 the presence here of the vast shops of the Southern Pacific Company, 
 in which they build their own cars, locomotives, and general rolling 
 stock, and do their own repairing. Notwithstanding they are offered 
 all the land free near Rocklin they could use, and right on the line 
 of the railroad, the shrewd directors— with an eye to the advantages 
 of the present and the wonderful probabilities of the future — wisely 
 decided to obtain land in this city, where every conceivable conven- 
 ience would be right at their very hands. The result has been that 
 to-day their buildings occupy some thirty acres ; that there are em- 
 ployed therein over 2,000 men, with a pay-roll of $120,000 per 
 month. This alone should be suflBcient to demonstrate the induce- 
 ments which Sacramento oflfers as aids to manufacture. These shops 
 are situated within a stone's throw of the Sacramento river, and 
 within easy reach of the American on the north. Here is a magni- 
 ficent water power rushing past their open doors every day in the 
 year, and the company intend to take advantage of it in several of 
 their shops as soon as they can make the necessary arrangements. 
 
 But while the railroad shops are the prominent manufacturing 
 interests ot Sacramento, they are by no means the only one, and 
 the others should not be lost sight of For instance, there are three 
 great and extensive flouring mills right in our midst. These mills 
 send broadcast all over the world some 60,000,000 pounds of flour 
 annually, or about 300,000 barrels. The millers in Sacramento have 
 several advantages of location. In the first place, owing to the 
 fact of a lesser taritt* for freight ; wheat can always be brought here 
 at $1.00 a ton less than the ruling rates at San Francisco. It takes 
 about a ton and a half of wheat to make a ton of flour, and so it 
 follows that flour can be manufactured here about 15 cents a barrel 
 cheaper than in San Francisco. That, then, gives millers here an even 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 49 
 
 chance on ocean shipments, while they have immeasurably the best 
 of it on all inland consignments. Besides, these mills are right on 
 the direct line of railroad and river travel. 
 
 Sacramento also has three iron foundries, which turn out large 
 quantities of most superior work. She possessed a woolen mill, 
 which became noted for the excellence of its g'oods all over the 
 coast, but which was unfortunately burned down. For many years 
 a beet sugar factory was in operation, and its buildings stand to-day 
 reproachful monuments to mismanagement. There is no reason 
 why a beet sugar factory should not pay well here if properly con- 
 ducted, in the hands of a skillful and skilled foreman. Every im- 
 aginable advantage can here be found. Sacramento also possessed 
 an extensive smelting works, but that, too, was in the hands of men 
 new to the management of such an establishment, and fire subse- 
 quently finished the disasters which incompetency had inaugurated. 
 
 The manufacture of brick is a very extensive industry in Sacra- 
 mento county. The supply of the best soil to be found anywhere 
 for this purpose is inexhaustible, and Sacramento count}^ brick has 
 a name all over the coast. Here, again, transportation facilities, both 
 by land and water, are unsurpassed. There are half a dozen 
 breweries in Sacramento city which do a thriving business. As 
 Sacramento is one of the great hop countries of the world, the brewers 
 have their materials at their very doors. 
 
 Scores of other manufactories might be enumerated — carriage, 
 buggy and wagon manufactories, furniture manufactories, manufac- 
 tories of sashes, doors and blinds, extensive sawmills, potteries, box 
 factories, soap factories, and many others. But the space to be de- 
 voted to this article is limited, and the purpose thereof is not so 
 much to show what we now have, as to concisely present to the out- 
 side world all the manifold advantages which Sacramento offers for 
 the establishment of profitable manufactories of all kinds. 
 
 The object, then, being to place the manifold advantages of Sacra- 
 mento as a manufacturing center prominently before the eyes of 
 intending immigrants and expectant capitalists, it is not so much de- 
 sirable to present before them what we have already in the line of 
 manufactories, as to show them the reasons why Sacramento offers 
 them inducements for the establishment of such manufactories that 
 cannot be rivalled anywhere. Some of these inducements might 
 be enumerated thus : 
 
50 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 Availability. — Sacramento is the center almost of the state. It 
 is ironed by railroads and lapped by rivers. Twenty-seven trains 
 dart past it every day. It is the pivot of traffic, the magnet of 
 travel. Freight from the four centers has to pass through this 
 capital city of the golden state, and the vast bulk of overland travel 
 skirts by her doors. Through her extensive system of railroad and 
 river communication, this city taps all of Northern and Central Cali- 
 fornia. The city, then, is thoroughly known all over this section of 
 the state, and knowledge makes the market. 
 
 Salubrity. — Statistics prove that Sacramento is the second 
 healthiest city in the United States ; Auburn, New York, being 
 given the first place. When men desire to locate anywhere, either 
 for business or for pleasure, the above of itself is a sterling recom- 
 mendation. 
 
 Motive Power. — ^It would be possible to enumerate a dozen other 
 advantages possessed by this city as a site for manufactories, but 
 space forbids. The one great and overshadowing merit she has in 
 this matter is the wonderful water power right at her very gates, 
 which can be had and utilized for a song. The limpid Sacramento 
 comes caressingly down past the very breast, while the impetuous 
 American dashes over her shoulders. There is latent power enough 
 in the latter river to run all the manufactories of Massachusetts. 
 Figures have proven that there is frequently a fall of 20 feet in that 
 river at Folsom in 24 hours. What a tremendous power that is, if 
 properly applied ! Why, it could make the banks of the American 
 and the Sacramento rivers echo to the sound of hammer and forge, 
 of tongs and anvils, while the music of the bellows whistled to the 
 rushing stream. There are really no such advantages for manufac- 
 tories presented on the Pacific slope as are offered in Sacramento. 
 
SACRAMENTO AND ADJACENT COUNTIES. 
 
 By Geo. W. Hancock, Director of the State Agricultural Society. 
 
 Sacramento county is the most peculiar in its character of the 
 counties of Cahfornia. Formerly it was a fine stock county, with 
 herds of cattle and bands of horses roaming at will over its plains 
 and rich bottom lands. But when these large stock interests retired 
 before the varied branches of agriculture — general farming, fruit 
 growing and market gardening — Sacramento county was tried in a 
 furnace of fire. It never has proved to be a successful section for 
 the production of cereals when compared with the counties of 
 Sutter, Butte, Tehama, Colusa and Yolo. While it is true that none 
 of the counties named have so much first-class bottom land, it is also 
 a fact that they have an even grade or average of land that returns 
 a good profit to all who till the soil within their bounds. 
 
 While it is also true that no other section of the state is so well 
 supplied with water readilv available for purposes of irrigation, yet 
 it has been allowed to run idly to the sea, except in a few instances 
 of individual effort. There is no other locality in the state where 
 the soil will respond so bountifully when irrigated as the upland dis- 
 tricts of Sacramento county, and there is no other section where one 
 system of irrigation will cover so much territory with an abundant 
 supply at so small a cost. The American and Cosumnes rivers 
 traverse the county from the hills on the northeast to the Sacra- 
 mento river on the southwest, carrying a volume of water that will, 
 if used upon the land, treble the product of every acre in the up- 
 land section of the count}'. On the Sacramento river the land is so 
 rich and moist that irrigation has never been a necessity. Twice in 
 the American history of California it might have been applied to 
 advantage, by placing pumps on the river bank and raising the water 
 from that inexhaustible stream. B}- that simple means every farm 
 could be irrigated at a cost that, when considered in a fruit crop, 
 would not be appreciable in the expense account. 
 
 Hops have been a remarkably remunerative crop in Sacramento 
 county. The hop lands border on the American, Cosumnes and 
 Sacramento rivers. A. Menke, on the American river, boasts of 
 the largest hop-yard in the world— the annual yield of which often 
 reaches 3,000 pounds per acre, and $80,000 worth have been produced 
 from 50 acres in one crop. 
 
52 
 
 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 53 
 
 Alfalfa is another crop that is exceptionally profitable as a forage 
 crop on the bottom or irrigated lands, often producing 10 to 15 tons 
 of cured hay per acre. In using the crop for pasturage it has kept 
 15 to 18 head of sheep to the acre for eight months of the growing 
 season, and has been known to keep more than one horse per acre 
 where several hundred run in a band the whole year round. 
 
 Sacramento is essentially a fruit county of the most varied 
 capacity. Strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, cherries, apricots, 
 plums, prunes, peaches, pears, apples, raisin and table grapes, nuts 
 of every variety, figs, oranges, lemons, limes and pomegranates all 
 grow and produce in luxuriance and abundance. Other localities 
 may fairly rival us in the production of some of these fruits, but we 
 produce them all in the utmost perfection, and every acre of land in 
 Sacramento county — except the svi'amp and overflowed area — is 
 first-class fruit land, with or without irrigation. 
 
 There is here and there a thermal belt or a fruit section, but 
 it is one grand whole, every 20 acres being capable of supporting a 
 family m competence if judiciously planted and thoroughly and 
 properly cultivated. Planted in the fruits above named, the lands 
 of Sacramento county, in the past and present, have returned and 
 will return $200, $500, $1,000, $1,500 and more per acre per annum. 
 Tt has been practically demonstrated that one acre of Bartlett pears 
 near Sacramento city brought $1,500 for one crop, $800 for the 
 next, and $600 for the next, yet-the land had not been cultivated or 
 the trees pruned in that time. It is also known that a young 
 orchard of 18 acres of Bartlett pears yielded $500 per acre net per 
 annum. The yield of the Natoma vineyard of table grapes in 1886 
 returned, exclusive of freight and commissions, $270 per acre. 
 
 Sacramento couaty has 200,000 acres of land practically vacant, 
 which can be had from $25 to $100 per acre, and which when 
 planted to trees and vines and in bearing will yield an income on an 
 investment of from $500 to $2,000 per acre per annum. Maay 
 choice improved places in this county cannot now be had for $1,000 
 per acre. The production of fruit is becoming more and more a 
 fine art. The condition in which it will reach an eastern market is 
 an important consideration in its value. There it must be fair to 
 look at, rich in sugar, and firm in its resistance to decay. Such 
 fruit is produced in Sacramento county in greater uniformity and 
 over a larger proportional area than in an}'' other county. El Dorado, 
 Placer and Yuba have their foothill thermal belts, by no means 
 
54 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 meager or insignificant in extent and importance, and they are 
 strong and consistent rivals of Sacramento as to attractiveness to 
 the eye and shipping quality of their fruit. The plains section of 
 Placer, Yuba and Sutter will in the future develop into a rich 
 raisin and table grape district. 
 
 To Placer county has been already awarded the credit of produc- 
 ing a raisin equal if not superior to the five crown De Hiser raisin 
 of France, which until equaled here had no rival in quality in the 
 world. The product of one acre irrigated of these raisins has been 
 as high as $600 per annum. 
 
 Sutter county being entirely a valley county, except the lone 
 Buttes in its northern bounds, has also fine fruit and grape lands, 
 the choicest fruit lands lying on the banks of the Feather and Sac- 
 ramento rivers. Sutter has spots of as fine fruit land as the State 
 can boast of. 
 
 To the north of Sutter lies Butte county, one half mountain and 
 one half valley. Its valley lands are among the best for general 
 farming of any in the State. Butte can boast of the largest area of 
 land covered with majestic oak timber of any valley county, and this 
 timber belt will in the near future develop the very best fruit land. 
 The fine orchard of General Bidwell and the extensive vineyard 
 farms of Governor Standford are within its bounds. They speak 
 more than volumes of the productiveness of the Butte county fruit 
 and grape lands. 
 
 To the north of Butte lies the county of Tehama, having within 
 her confines the head of the Sacramento valley. The lands on the 
 east side of the Sacramento river stretch to the foothills, and are a 
 close imitation of the oak park land of Butte county, but more even 
 in their quality and better adapted to fruit culture. Returning 
 south we will cross the river and there we find a more varied quality 
 of land, much of it needing irrigation to make fruit production most 
 profitable. Tehama county is cut on both sides of the Sacramento 
 river by small streams that flow from her hills to the great drain of 
 the valley, and its lands are therefore susceptible of irrigation. 
 
 South of Tehama, on the west bank of the Sacramento river, lies 
 Colusa county, the banner wheat county of the world. There very 
 little attention has been paid to fruit raising as a source of income, 
 yet there are large portions of it that will be planted to orchards 
 and vineyards at no distant day. The yield of wheat in Colusa 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 55 
 
 county furnishes undeniable proof that its soil will liberally respond 
 when planted to vines and trees. 
 
 South of Colusa lies Yolo. There is nothing that can speak in 
 more affirmative language of its prosperity than the fact that Wood- 
 land, its county seat, is the wealthiest town of its size in the world. 
 Yolo has some of the best raisin vineyards in the State and also 
 some of the choicest orchard lands. 
 
 All these sections are tributary to the business of Sacramento 
 city, and that city will grow and prosper with their growth and 
 prosperity. 
 
 There is no portion in California where land is so cheap, measured 
 by its productive capacity, as in Sacramento county. There is no 
 place where the excessive heat of the summer is covered by so few 
 days as at Sacramento city. No other place has so many sunny 
 days in a year. No other place in the warm sections of California 
 is so nicely tempered with moisture, which cools the atmosphere 
 without making it either chilly or muggy. There is no other place^ 
 where spring and autumn reach so far into the seasons of summer 
 and winter. Northern California is the natural orchard and vine- 
 yard section of the world. The home seeker has but to be judicious 
 in his selection of locality and purchase, and then let him plant under- 
 standingly, and he is sure to gather an appropriate reward for his toil. 
 
E WANT TO IMPRESS upon the minds of all people east of the 
 Rocky Mountains is, That for Fruit-gt owing Sacramento Valley is 
 the Garden Spot of California. There is an impression abroad — owing to 
 excellent advertising of that section — that Southern California comprises all 
 that is good of the whole State. The facts are, that for the year 1886 the ship- 
 ments of fruit — outside of oranges — were less than 300,000 pounds for the whole 
 of Southern California, while Sacramento City alone shipped, besides oranges, 
 18,954,000 pounds of green fruits — and the figures for 1887 bid fair to double 
 those for 1886. These are solid facts for the southern boomers to digest at their 
 leisure. 
 
 Having impressed that fact on your mind, we now want to call your atten- 
 tion to two more facts, namely: Land in the Sacramento valley, that will pro- 
 duce anything in the shape of fruit, can be had from one-quarter to one-tenth 
 the price of similar land in Southern California. The other fact is: The 
 headquarters for farms, large and small, is the office of 
 
 A. LEONARD & SON, 
 
 Real Estate Agents, 
 
 No, 10 1 4 Fourth Street, 
 
 Sacramento, California. 
 
 WEIL & JOHNSON, 
 
 Real Estate Agents 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA, 
 
 Respectfully call the attention of all parties seeking homes and investments in Cali- 
 fornia to a few of the many reasons why Sacramento City and vicinity is the most 
 desirable place in which to locate. 
 
 Fifst — It is most eligibly situated, in the center of the largest and most fertile valley 
 (the great Sacramento) in the State of California. 
 
 Second — Because San Francisco alone leads it as a business center. 
 
 Third — Because its climate is unsurpassed, and the productiveness of its soil uuequaled. 
 
 /'c»7/;'/'/i— Because ninety per cent of all the fruit is grown adjacent to and shipped from 
 Sacramento, the Capital of the State. 
 
 Fifth — Because its schools and educational advantages are among the best. 
 
 We have on our list lands of all descriptions, suitable for grain, fruit and vine 
 culture, at prices within the reach of all. 
 
 Reliable information cheerfully given. Correspondence solicited. 
 
 I'OB 3(ames amid Fruits and Hewers, "on"" 
 WE1L& JOHNSON, REAL ESTATE AGENTS 
 
 402 J Street, Sacramento, California. 
 
THE PRODUCE SHIPPED FROM SACRAMENTO. 
 
 By Eugene J. (tReoorv, Mayor of the City of Sacramento. 
 
 Sacramento, by reason of her natural resources, geographical re- 
 lation to the various producing sections, and admirable transporta- 
 tion facilities, deservedly sustains the reputation of being the 
 largest fruit and vegetable shipping point in the state, and is the 
 recognized outlet for the products of Central and Northern Cali- 
 fornia. These facts are fully established by statistics, which demon- 
 strate that the industries mentioned have constantly strengthened 
 and increased until both are now powerful factors in the prosperity 
 of California. From the commencement the increase has been ex- 
 traordinary. When the hardy pioneer allotted an occasional hour 
 from his search for gold to till the soil and plant a few trees — for 
 either benefit or decoration of his then primitive surroundmgs — he 
 little thought that he was unconsciously sowing the seeds of a great 
 industry which was destined to reach such vast proportions as to 
 ultimately overshadow all other pursuits and enterprises — that he 
 was paving the way for commercial prosperity in our state ; such is 
 now the case, especially in Sacramento county, in the possession of 
 manifold natural advantages in climate, soil and productions. Within 
 its borders every kind, character and variety of agricultural, horti- 
 cultural and viticultural products thrive, and in abundance, the ex- 
 cellence of which command universal and almost unlimited demand 
 from all portions of the civilized world. 
 
 Although the crop of 1887 was the largest known in the history 
 of our state, yet the requirements have been greater than the sup- 
 ply — a condition which clearly proves that the industry is still in its 
 infancy, and that the production and output must necessarily increase, 
 until its magnitude will be something enormous to contemplate. 
 
 The carload shipments from Sacramento during 1887 amounted 
 to the enormous figures of 32,604,000 pounds of green fruit and 
 vegetables — an increase of over ?5 per cent, against the season of 
 1886, while that particular year had gained in the some proportion 
 over its predecessor. These shipments were distributed in every 
 quarter of the United States, Canada and Mexico, as well as in the 
 islands of the Pacific Ocean, while a very large quantity has been 
 successful!}^ transported to various European markets- — London, 
 Paris, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Gal way, etc. When ocean transporta- 
 
58 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 tioii methods are improved and facilitated we may confidently look 
 forward to a lar^^e and extensive export outlet for our products. 
 
 Our dried and canned products readily command the world for a 
 market — an advantage that is possessed by California alone, regard- 
 less of product or staple. This particular and important branch of 
 the industry has already assumed standard record and does not, 
 therefore, require comment at my hands. 
 
 In the vegetable product our resources show a never-failing yield 
 of choice quality and desirable variety, which — from the generous 
 influences of climate, soil and season is Sacramento county so 
 greatly blessed — places that staple before us in such abundance and 
 excellence as to be looked upon by our people as a useful 
 and necessary commodity, while to our friends in all other 
 portions of the Union it is regarded in the light of a luxury, 
 and as such, are transported by the carload to every city of 
 importance in the United States. The articles of potatoes, cab- 
 bage, onions, etc., are sent to Chicago, New York, Philadelphia, St. 
 Louis, Kansas City, Omaha, Denver, New Orleans, Galveston, etc., 
 in carload lots, which at the end of the season count up into the 
 hundreds. 
 
 These facts readily demonstrate the claims of Sacramento city 
 and county for excellence of climate, magnificence of products and 
 facilities — and the progressive spirit which animates her people in 
 the earnest desire to promote and strengthen our interests, resources 
 and advantages. With the immense acreage of fruit and vegetables 
 now in bearing, and the acquisition of numberless new orchards, 
 vineyards and farms, it is a safe prediction that within a few years 
 these industries will finally supersede all other pursuits wherein the 
 question of soil and climate are concerned, and practically and 
 forcibly perpetuate the reputation that California now enjoys — as 
 being the "garden state of the world." 
 
THOROUGHBRED HORSES. 
 
 By John A. Sheehax, of the Sacramento Daily Bee. 
 
 No state in the Union has more complete and valuable advantages 
 for the stock i^rown than California, and it cannot be long, if present 
 indications mean anything, when she will take precedence even of 
 the far-famed Kentucky in the number and extent of her foaling 
 farms. Indeed, it has come to pass that no race in the broad east, 
 from New Orleans to New York, is considered worth material atten- 
 tion unless it have one or more representative from the great stock 
 farms of the golden state. 
 
 It is of peculiar pride with the people of Sacramento county to 
 remember that the most famous stables of the state are within her 
 borders. It is a fact that the largest stock farm devoted to horses 
 in America is located in Sacramento county, and only a few miles 
 from the capital city. Reference is particularly made to the great 
 breeding farm of J. B. Haggin, to the north of the city of Sacra- 
 mento. Here the thoroughbred running and the trotting horses are 
 brought to their highest degree of perfection, and all over the nation 
 their fame has gone. The land of the Bourbon can not in its 
 highest glory boast of so far-famed and extensive a breeding-farm 
 as this. The five most noted of California stock farms are Bancho 
 del Paso, Santa Anita, Palo Alta, Arno and Rancho del Rio, and 
 it may be said, with a bold challenge to all disputers, that these are 
 not to be excelled by the best in England or America. And why 
 should this not be true ? Here is the superbest of climates. Here 
 can be grown the choicest of feed. Here there is every in- 
 centive in the realm of nature for the production of the highest 
 types of the breeder's skill. The days are rare or never come when 
 the finset horses may not be exercised, and the climate is likewise 
 decidedly in favor of the fast possibilities of the young and growing 
 animal. 
 
 The Rancho del Paso, five miles north of Sacramento, contains 
 44,000 acres. John Mackay is the superintendent, and it is since 
 he assumed its management that Rancho del Paso began to take 
 the foremost position it now occupies. The trotters and thoroughbreds 
 are kept in different parts of the farm, and good exercising tracks are 
 maintained for both. Considerable of the more recent fame of the 
 
6o RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 farm depends upon the Irish stalUon Kyrle Daly, by Artillery, dam 
 Colleen Rhue, by Gemma-di-Vergy. Next to imp. Kyrle Daly 
 was Longfield by Monarchist, Wheatby by War Dance, and Jim 
 Brown by Foster. 
 
 The horses that have been heard from in the east from Rancho 
 del Paso are too well known to need mentioning, and it is enough 
 to know that they have gallantly maintained the claims of Sacra- 
 mento county as the bright particular spot in California for the 
 development of the finest thoroughbred horses. The famous Ham- 
 bletonian stud, Echo, at the head of the trotting stock, is known 
 through his fleet and robust progeny throughout the State. Besides 
 Echo are the stallions Norwood, Alaska and Algona. Although it 
 cannot be said that Mr. Haggin has made any special effort to breed 
 fancy trotters, it must be said that colts from his farm have become 
 very popular as substantial roadsters with the people of California. 
 The annual sale of horses from the Rancho Del Paso have come to 
 be considered great opportunities for lovers of the horse, and one 
 sale of 130 head, at an average price of $400 each, satisfactorily 
 demonstrates this. 
 
 Everybody in the Sacramento valley knows the splendid Rancho 
 del Rio, four miles south of the capital city. No site could be more 
 delightful. The stables, track and residences are situated on a 
 knoll, rising several feet above the ground around. It was the pro- 
 prietor of the Ra!icho del Rio, Mr. Winters, who bought the un- 
 conquerable Norfolk for $15,000, and thus laid the foundation for a 
 stable which has since become famous. Mr. Winters has conformed 
 himself to the breeding of thoroughbreds exclusively, and in tliis 
 respect ranks with the oldest breeders in America. The son of the 
 great Lexington has no superior among the famous sires of the day. 
 Joe Hooker was another of Winters' famous stallions whose get 
 have given him a great name. 
 
 Then we have in this county the Arno stud farm, 20 miles south- 
 east of Sacramento city. W. L. Pritchard also has done a great 
 deal to establish the name of Sacramento as a favored section for 
 the breeding of fine horses, and we have said nothing of Dr. M. 
 W. Hicks and others who have bred some of the best horses that 
 ever stepped in California. Enough has been shown to establish 
 the main fact — that nowhere in the country can the stock-breeder 
 find more nearly perfect conditions for his business than right here. 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 6i 
 
 In Sacraniont<j city is the fastest and best track in the state and a 
 great favorite with horsemen ambitious to make a record for their 
 .stud. 
 
 ST. GEORGE BUILDING, SACRAMENTO. 
 
 The St. George Building, an engraving of which appears above, is one of the 
 most imposing structures in the city. It is situated on the southeast corner ol J and 
 Fourth streets, and is owned by the Odd Fellows' Hall Association, incorporated in 
 1866, and occupied by the People's Savings Bank, several leading real estate and 
 insurance offices, and numerous other classes of business. Directors: F. W. Fratt, 
 Wm. Beckman, Robt. Devlin, W. C. Felch, and Geo. F. Parker. W. C. Felch, 
 President. Geo. F. Parker, Secretary. 
 
EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 By Elwood Bruxer, District Attorney of Sacramento County. 
 
 One of the most important advantages which the resident of 
 Sacramento county possesses, is the opportunity to educate his chil- 
 dren either in the pubHc or private schools. Early in its histor\^ 
 those having charge of the public schools, with wise foresight, pro- 
 vided liberally for their sustenance, and as a result, throughout both 
 city and county, the buildings are large and commodious, the libraries 
 stocked with choice literature, and the mechanical apparatus sufficient 
 and in good repair. No debts have accrued on school property, and 
 the tax-payers are able and willing to provide liberally for the 
 increased wants of a people rapidly growing in w^ealth and numbers. 
 
 It will be impossible in the brief limits of this article to more 
 than outline the character and extent of the educational facilities of 
 Sacramento city and county. 
 
 The public schools of Sacramento city are thirteen in number, 
 and are classified as follows: One high school, with five teachers; two 
 grammar schools, with twenty-six teachers; nine primary schools, 
 with thirty-six teachers; and one night school, with, two teachers. 
 In addition to the above there are four teachers of ungraded 
 classes and four substitute teachers, making a total of seventy-seven 
 teachers under the supervision of the Board of Education of Sacra- 
 mento city. 
 
 The total number of census children in Sacramento city between 
 five and seventeen years of age, is six thousand and sixty-seven, of 
 whom three thousand two hundred and fifty-seven are enrolled in 
 the public schools, and about eleven hundred more attend private 
 schools. 
 
 The Board of Education is composed of eight members, elected 
 by the voters of the city, and who hold office for the term of two 
 years, without pay, and a city superintendent of schools, also 
 elected, and who is ex-officio a member of the Board. The Board of 
 Education has full and complete control of the public schools ; and 
 while the different boards have always been liberal in the payment 
 of salaries to teachers — thus enabling them to secure the best talent ; 
 prudent in directing large and substantial buildings, and thoughtful 
 in providing the best of furniture and conveniences, — they have never 
 been charo^ed with waste or extravas^ance. 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 63 
 
 The high school, with its five teachers, the peers of any in the 
 state, an elegant building and costly scientific and mechanical appa- 
 ratus, is the pardonable pride of our people, and, judged by its prac- 
 tical results, is second to none in the state of California. Pupils 
 who enter it must pass a rigid examination in the studies prescribed 
 in the grammar school course, and nearly all are graduates of the 
 grammar schools. In this school a full three years' course of study 
 is taught, and so thorough is the instruction given that the graduates 
 enjoy the distinction of admission to any ot the regular colleges of 
 the State University of California without further examination. 
 The course of study, it will thus be seen, embraces the requirements 
 of a full academical course, including the languages, Latin, Gi-reek, 
 German and French, special attention being given to the German 
 language, the study of which is commenced in the grammar schools. 
 
 The Sacramento Grammar School, an elegant brick building, 
 three stories in height, containing sixteen class-rooms and a large 
 hall for assembly purposes, is situated in the northern part of the 
 city, while the Capital Grammar School, a new frame structure, cost- 
 ing about thirty thousand dollars, is situated in the southern part of 
 the city, the two schools being so situated as to be within easy walk 
 of all the pupils. The nine primary schools are situated at conve- 
 nientjntervals throughout the city, commencing at Fourth and Q 
 streets, and the last being at Twenty-eighth and J streets. 
 
 The night school is situated at Tenth and I streets, in a building 
 lately purchased by the department, and being almost in the heart 
 of the city, is especially convenient to all who attend. 
 
 The cost of maintaining the public schools in Sacramento city, 
 including all expenditures, has, during the last five years, averaged 
 a little more than one hundred thousand dollars per annum — a mu- 
 nificent sum, expended for the most worthy of all objects. 
 
 The public schools of the county, outside of the city, are under 
 the immediate supervision of boards of trustees, who, in turn, are 
 directed by a county superintendent of schools. 
 
 Benjamin F. Howard, the present able county superintendent 
 of schools, has kindly furnished the following data, which shows at 
 a glance the healthy condition of the schools under his supervision: 
 
 Number of school houses in the county, including joint districts 68 
 
 Number of grammar schools 45 
 
 Number of primary schools 29 
 
 Number of new districts organized, 1886-7 2 
 
 Number of school houses built of brick 1 
 
64 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 Kuiiiber of school houses built of wood 67 
 
 Number of male teachers employed 21 
 
 Number of female teachers employed 53 
 
 Average monthly wages of male teachers $70 
 
 Average monthly wages of female teachers 60 
 
 Number of certificates granted to male teachers 3 
 
 Number of certificates granted to female teachers 31 
 
 Number of applicants rejected 41 
 
 Number of census children bettveen 5 and 17 years of age 2443 
 
 Average daily attendance 1387 
 
 Percentage of attendance on average number belonging . 92 
 
 Number of high school pupils 34 
 
 Number of grammar grade 564 
 
 Number of primary grade 1 382 
 
 Cash paid for teachers' salaries $33,541 95 
 
 Cash paid for rents, repairs and contingent expenses 6,145 34 
 
 Cash paid for school libraries 2,354 84 
 
 Cash paid for school apparatus 361 83 
 
 Total current expenses for year $42,403 96 
 
 Valuation of school property and furniture 72,743 00 
 
 Valuation of school libraries 1 5,647 00 
 
 Valuation of school apparatus 4,328 00 
 
 Total valuation of school property $92,718 00 
 
 In addition to the complete educational system detailed above, 
 Sacramento city is liberally provided with private educational insti- 
 tutions, both secular and sectarian, many of which have been success- 
 fully conducted through a long series of years, and have fairly earned 
 the liberal support they receive from their patrons. 
 
 Most prominent among these institutions may be named the 
 Sacramento Institute, a select day and boarding school for boys, 
 with a corps of instructors consisting of a principal and ten professors; 
 St. Joseph's Female Academy, a day and boarding school for girls, 
 with a large faculty and upwards of two hundred and fifty pupils; 
 the Young Ladies' Seminary, conducted by W. S. Hunt; Howe's 
 Normal School, conducted by Prof. E. P. Howe, one of the most 
 experienced and thorough teachers in the State ; the Sacramento 
 Home School, conducted by Mrs. F, M. Ross. The Sacramento 
 Business College, conducted by Prof. E. C. Atkinson, was founded 
 in 1873, and so thorough has been the instruction imparted that 
 many of the business men of Sacramento city received their business 
 education at this institution. Another business college has lately 
 been started by Professor Bainbridge, which promises to be a suc- 
 cess, intellectually and financially. 
 
 The above article has been written for the purpose of giving a 
 correct idea of the condition of educational interests in the city and 
 county of Sacramento. Believing that the chief glory of a people 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 65 
 
 lies in educating the masses to a knowledge of their duties as citi- 
 zens of a great nation, and their responsibilities as members of 
 society, and that, through the medium of the common schools, this 
 knowledge can be best imparted, the citizens of Sacramento city 
 and county feel that they have done their full duty in this respect, 
 and that nowhere are better facilities afforded for securing an educa- 
 tion than in the capital city of the state. 
 
 Social and Fraternal Organizations. — In the city of Sacramento 
 societies of the Masons and Odd Fellows have each imposing and 
 costly temples, the upper stories being divided into halls, in which 
 the meetings of the various lodges are held. About every fraternal 
 society is represented in the city by one or more lodges. In the 
 larger towns of the county numerous lodges exist and at many 
 points the stronger societies own their hall buildings. 
 
 THE SANITARY ASPECT OF SACRAMENTO. 
 
 By James H. Parkinson, City Physician. 
 
 Sacramento, the capital of the state, is situated at the junction of 
 the Sacramento and American rivers, in latitude 38° 35', longitude 
 121° 30'; height above sea level 30 feet. The site is comparatively 
 level, there being a slight fall of four inches to the block from north 
 to south. The natural level has been raised by the official grade 
 two to three feet in all parts of the city, while I, J and K streets 
 have been raised ten to twelve feet for thirteen blocks, and L street 
 for a portion of that distance. The soil is alluvial deposit, the site 
 having been periodically overflowed at high water for ages. The 
 city is now amply protected by levees so excellently constructed that 
 but little sipage occurs during the highest water. The porous con- 
 dition of the soil facilitates the rapid removal of surface water except 
 during the brief periods when the river level is above that of the 
 city. The alternate rise and fall of the river produces a flushing or 
 suction action, whereby the subsoil is alternately filled with water 
 and drained, thus largely purifying it. The level of the ground 
 water varies with the character of the season and the time of year, 
 being roughly from one to six feet, according to locality. The more 
 densely populated parts of the city are well sewered, the matter pass- 
 ing by gravity flow through a canal outside the city limits into a 
 
66 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 chain of lakes some miles to the southward. During" the season 
 when the water level no longer admits of flow by gravity the sew- 
 age is discharged into a reservoir, and thence pumped into the river. 
 The water supply of the city is derived from the Sacramento, and is 
 pumped directly into the supply pipes without previous treatment. 
 This water is of uniformly excellent quality; its appearance at cer- 
 tain seasons is characteristic of streams flowinsf through alluvial soil 
 between soft banks periodicall}' submerged. By ])r()per filtration it 
 can be perfectly cleared, and then makes a very agreeable table 
 water. An analysis by Prof. Hilgard shows 
 
 Grs. 
 
 Carbonate of soda per gallon, 0.27 
 
 Chloride of sodium, sulphate of sodium .... " 1.42 
 
 Carbonate of lime " 0. 31 
 
 Carbonate of magnesia " 0.25 
 
 Silica " 1.85 
 
 Sulphate of lime " 0.42 
 
 Phosphate of lime " 1.48 
 
 Iron and manganese carbonates " 0.63 
 
 Alumina " 0.07 
 
 Vegetable matter " 0.00 
 
 Total " 6.69 
 
 This equals the average drinking water in any locality. 
 
 The climatology of Sacramento bears a general resemblance to 
 that of the great valley in which it lies, the mean annual tempera- 
 ture for the nine years ending 188G being 60.2, the mean maximum 
 and minimum being 82.5 and 41.4, giving a range of 41.1°; extremes 
 of temperature are absent, the winters being mild and the summers 
 uniformly cool. This is perhaps best shown by the fact that in the 
 nine years from 1878 to 188G there have been only 96 days on which 
 the temperature was below 32°, and but 331 days on which the mer- 
 cury rose above 90°, giving an annual average of 10 and 37 days 
 respectively. The great feature which renders the summer climate 
 pleasurable is the universal prevalence of cool nights; the mean tem- 
 perature of the nights from June to August, during the years 1877 
 to 1887, was 60.0, and there were only nineteen nights in which the 
 thermometer stood at or over 70°. This fact is due to the trade 
 wind which reaches us as a south breeze at about 4 p. m., and con- 
 tinues blowing with a mean summer velocity of seven miles till early 
 morning. The numerous shade trees and liberal sprinkling of the 
 streets in summer perceptibly lower the temperature during the days 
 of extreme heat. 
 
 The seasons are divided distinctly into dry and wet. The latter 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 67 
 
 comprises the months of November to May, the dry from June to 
 October. The months of greatest precipitation are December and 
 January. For the 37 years from 1850 to 1886, the maximum pre- 
 cipitation was 34.92, the minimum 8.44, giving a mean of 19.60. 
 The mean relative humidity for the years 1879 to 1884 was 67.4, or 
 60.2 for the dry and 72.8 for the wet seasons. 
 
 The prevailing diseases are those of a malarial type. This is in- 
 variably of a mild form, the malignant ague of the southern and 
 middle states being here of the rarest occurrence. Malaria is now 
 much less prevalent than in former years, and shows a steady annual 
 decline in the number of cases, as well as in the change from remit- 
 tent and quotidian to the milder second and third day fevers. This 
 change is due to improved drainage, the general elevation of the 
 city level, and to the great increase in the amount of ground under 
 cultivation. With the exception of malarial trouble there is no 
 endemic disease in the Sacramento valley, and this prevalence is now 
 due to the fact that throughout the county the greater portion of 
 the rural population is located on the rich bottom lands of the Sac- 
 ramento, American and Cosumnes rivers. Each season brings its 
 quota of disease to which atmospheric conditions may predispose, 
 but speaking generally it may be stated that owing to the milder 
 climate the diseases of exposure are here less prevalent. In consid- 
 ering the subject of vital statistics, it must be borne in mind that in 
 common with other centres of population Sacramento receives an- 
 nually many invalids whose deaths ought not properly to be credited 
 to the general mortality. This is particularly the case in connection 
 with the railroad hospital, which receives during the year the sick 
 and injured from all portions of California, as well as from other 
 states. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the annual death rate com- 
 pares most favorably with that of other cities. For the years from 
 Nov. 1, 1885 to 1887, the mean annual rate per 1,000, on an esti- 
 mated population of 30,000, was 13.05; the mean monthly death 
 rate for the year 1S86 was 13.20, and for the year 1887, 13.10. The 
 mean annual mortality from zymotic diseases for 1886 and 1887 was 
 47.5; the]mean monthly mortality being 3.95. The presence or ab- 
 sence of zymotic disease in a given locality may be taken as good 
 evidence of its sanitary condition and as a reliable test of its salu- 
 brity ; these figures, therefore, are self-evident testimony of the 
 general heallhfulness of Sacramento. 
 
Cliinie Building and Kiley's Dry Goods Store. 
 
 Tlie opposite illustration is a representation of tlie Clunie building, on the 
 northeast corner of Eighth and K streets. The building is owned by Gen- 
 eral Thomas J. Clunie, and the ground floor is occupied by the spacious dry 
 goods store of J. J. Kiley & Co. 
 
 "Westward the Star of Empire Wends its Way." 
 
 In a few years more the population of California will become as dense as 
 that of the eastern states and Europe. Sacramento city, the capital of the 
 state, is also the headquarters of the great Sacramento valley and its adjacent 
 surroundings, and has an area twice the size of any two of our eastern states 
 and a soil and climate unexcelled if not superior to any other clime, produc. 
 ing almost any variety of vegetation grown in tropical and temperate climes^ 
 Railroads, with their ribs of steel, reach out from here in every direction to 
 the fartliest bounds of the Union, while the Sacramento river, with its 400 
 miles of navigation from the golden gate on the south to its headwaters on 
 the north, gives us wonderful commercial advantages. Soon our city will 
 claim a population of 100,000, and millions of tons will be freiglited from 
 here to all parts of the Union and to countries beyond the seas. This is the 
 central point of the fruit producers of California, nine-tenths of which were 
 forwarded from this city in 1887 to the east by rail, and over 400 cars of 
 this number were forwarded by our house alone. We have been engao-ed in 
 this branch of trade for many years, and are one of the largest shippers to 
 eastern markets. We also own one of the largest and best nurseries in Cali- 
 fornia, and can supply settlers who come here to make homes with any trees 
 and other nursery stock that will be required at the lowest rates. 
 
 We are also owners and agents for many choice tracts of land that will be 
 disposed of this season, and which are offered at great bargains, nearly all of 
 which will double in value in a short time. In the list now offered for 
 sale is : 
 
 "Orange Ilill," 28 miles from Sacramento, on the overland railroad, at Pen- 
 ryn, Placer county, one-half mile from railroad depot. Fifty acres in full 
 bearing and four acres in alfalfa. Orange, lemon, cherry, apricot, apples, 
 peaches, etc., and a full variety of vines, now fast coming into full bearincr. 
 The proceeds of the crop of 1887 was over $4,000, and will doubtless be 
 over $6,000 in 1888. Good comfortable dwelling house, barns, etc., and a 
 splendid location. Sacramento capitol can be seen from the house. Price, 
 $14,000; a great bargain. 
 
 " Olive Place," 120 acres, 28 miles from Sacramento, at Penryn, i mile from 
 depot, mostly planted and in cultivation with fruit trees and vines. Trees 
 partly in bearing this year, and will all be in full bearing in two years. 
 This place is planted with a view of cutting up into 10 and 20-acre tracts, 
 with line building spots, and a iull variety of fruit trees on each tract. 
 Price, if cut up, $135 per acre, or as a whole for $15,000. 
 
 50 acres choice land, one mile from city limits; house, barn and youno- 
 vineyard. All flue orchard and vineyard land. $135 per acre; a bargain. 
 
 115 acres, on line of railroad and one quarter mile from city limits. This 
 splendid property we are now using for nursery purposes, and have planted 
 in fruit trees of the most desirable and best market varieties. We propose 
 vacating it for nursery use, and about April or May will divide the property 
 into half-acre to ten-acre plots, with flue avenues. A large portion of the 
 
70 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 fruit trees will be in fine bearing condition tlie coinincr season. Tiie best of 
 water and in abundance on tbe ground, llailroad station near the ground; 
 10 minutes and 10-cent trips to city depot. This will make splendid subur- 
 ban lioraes for those doing business in the city, and in the neai" future will 
 double and quadruple in value. 
 
 We have 30 or more good city lots in the city at prices rangino- from $300 
 and upwards. 
 
 Terms of payment on any of the above will be made satisfactory. Besides 
 those named, we have quite a list of very desirable property adapted to fruit 
 culture, for which we are at liberty to negotiate sales or direct purchasers. 
 Correspondence solicited, and any information we can render will be cheer- 
 fully given. W. R. Strong & Co., Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 Hough's Magnetic and Mineral Springs, 
 
 Are situated in a romantic spot in Lake county — the Switzerland of Cali- 
 fornia. They are on the road to and within three and seven miles respect- 
 ively from the celebrated Allen springs and Bartlett springs. There are 240 
 acres in the property, of which quite a good proportion is tillable, and all 
 supplies in shape of vegetables or fruit are grown on the property. The 
 hotel contains 20 rooms. The stable accommodates 24 horses. There are 
 also on the place a 5-room cottage and 9 cabins, a billiard hall, dance- hall, 
 blacksmith shop, bath house, a 2,500-gallon water tank, agricultural imple- 
 ments, hotel furniture, two horses, 6 head of stock, chickens, etc., and every- 
 thing necessary for carrying on a health and summer resort. Postoffice and 
 telegraph office in the hotel. 
 
 The character of the waters are tonic and laxative, and are very beneficial 
 for stomach troubles. Their effect on dyspeptics is most wonderful. Patients 
 who have suffered untold miseries and spent small fortunes in medical advice 
 and medicines have been relieved almost immediately, and in a short time 
 permanently cured by the use of the waters. All disorders of the kidneys 
 and liver and malarial disorders are also permanently cured. Fish and game 
 are abundant. The climate is unsurpassed, the thermometer ranging from 
 30° to 98°. As many of the guests are invalids, it would be a good invest- 
 ment for a physician. Tlie altitude is 1,942 feet. Cache creek runs througii 
 the place, affording an abundance of pure cold water. The price for tiie 240 
 acres, with all the personal property, is only $15,000. A. Leonard & Son, 
 real estate agents, 1014 Fourth street, Sacramento. 
 
 An illustration of the farm of Senator Joseph Routier, near Poutier's sta- 
 tion, on the line of the Sacramento valley railroad, about 10 miles from the 
 city of Sacramento, appears in this volume. The farm is on the south bank 
 of the American river, and consists of 222 acres, including some of the best 
 bottom land in the county. It is in a high state of cultivation — 100 acres 
 being in vineyard and 100 in orchard— -and none but the choicest varieties 
 have been selected for planting. There are also a number of elegant orange 
 trees. A specialty has been made of French prunes and almonds. No irri- 
 gation is required, as the natural percolation of water through the soil from 
 the river affords all necessary moisture. The Senator settled there in June, 
 1853, and is one of the first successful fruit raiders and wine makers in the 
 State. He has a winery of large capacity. Senator lioutier has also made 
 a specialty of fine stock raising. The view represents about fifty acres of 
 the farm, as it appears looking to the north. 
 
RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 71 
 
 Within the last few years the fruit canning industry in this state has in- 
 creased from a modest beginning to an importance which ranks it among the 
 leading. The superiority of the fruit produced in the central portion of the 
 state, in point of flavor and firmness above those produced elsewhere, pecu- 
 liarly adapt it for preservation by the canning process. Keeping full pace 
 with the advancement of our fruit interests, the Capital Packing Company's 
 business has steadily increased. Located at Sacramento, in the midst of the 
 finest fruit district in the state, they are in a position to secure the choicest 
 of production. Their brands are established in the markets of the world, 
 and carry with them the guarantee of excellence of the quality of the goods. 
 The cannery employs a large force of women and children, and during the 
 packing season considerable difficulty is experienced in procuring necessary 
 help. During this season they have handled about 2,000 tons of fruit and 
 vegetables, and in 1887 over 100,000 cases of goods were put up. These 
 goods are mainly sent to the eastern states, but they have a ready market 
 also in Europe, Japan and Australia, beside those sold for Pacific coast con- 
 sumption. Their goods command a higher price in the market than those 
 of any other cannery. 
 
 The Pioneer Milling Company, H. G. Smith, president, Llewellyn Williams, 
 vice-president, and F. B. Smith, secretary, conduct the oldest and largest 
 flouring mills in Central California. The mills are located on the bank of 
 the Sacramento river, and river steamers and barges receive and discharge at 
 their wharf. A side track runs along the other side of the immense build- 
 ing affording unexcelled rail facilities. The mills are fully equipped M-ith 
 the latest improved roller process machinery, and have a capacity of 500 bar- 
 rels per day. Their manufactures stand foremost in the market. The com- 
 pany deal largely also in grain of all kinds and mill feed. 
 
 JAMES SEADLER, ARCHITECT, SACRAMENTO. 
 
72 
 
 RESOURCES OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY. 
 
 Friend and Terry Lnnil)er (ompany. 
 
 The Friend S: Terry J^iimber Company, the successor to the business of the 
 pioneer lumber firm of Friend & Terry, carries on, at Sacramento and San 
 Francisco, an extensive lumber business. At Sacramento the company has 
 two extensive yards — at Second and M and at Thirteenth and J streets — and 
 from them have been drawn the main materials wliich have been used in the 
 construction of most of tlie wooden buildings in Sacramento and adjoining 
 counties. Their prices for lumber are lower than those elsewhere in the 
 state, and are fully 25 per cent, lower than those which are charged in the 
 southern portion of tlie state. They deal in sugar pine, redwood, Oregon 
 and Truckee pines, and carry besides a full line of fine finishing woods. 
 Sacramento being the natural point for shipments of lumber products, the 
 company enjoys a magnificent trade of wholesale as well as local. The com- 
 pany are interested in several mills in the lumber region, and have facilities 
 and advantages in their line of business superior to those enjoyed by any 
 other firm or company on the coast. The Sacramento business of the com- 
 pany is managed by E. J. Holt. "VV. E. Terry is president of the corporation. 
 
 BANK EXCHANGE BUILDING. 
 
 This building, located at the northwest corner of Second and K streets, and now 
 owned b}' Angus Ross, is an excellent specimen of the architecture of the flush 
 early days of Sacramento and the state. It was built at a time when, if business 
 was prosperous, no expense was spared to erect a superb structure. Unlike many 
 of the early-day favorites, its location has been such that it has kept full pace with 
 the advancement of time, and it has always been and is now a particularly remuner- 
 ative piece of property. Lately extensive improvements have been made on the 
 bviikling. 
 
[ i ] 
 
 Enlarged! Refurnished! Renovated! 
 
 MflL, 
 
 Corner of Seventh, and K Streets, 
 SACRAMENTO, OAL. 
 
 THE IDEAL TOUKIST AND COMMERCIAL HOUSE 
 
 Of Central and Northern California. 
 
 Central Location. Experienced Management. Polite Attention. 
 
 BUSES AND HACKS OF THE HOUSE MEET ALL TRAINS. 
 FIRST CLASS.-^ BLESSING d; GUTHRIE, Proprietors. 
 
 SIGN OF THK TOWN CLOCK. 
 
 H. WACHHORST, 
 
 eadin? Jeweler of Sacramento 
 
 -U 
 
 No. 515 jl Street. 
 THE MOST ELEGANT ESTABLISHMENT 
 
 In this line between San Francisco and the Rockies. 
 
 DIAMONDS IN VARIETY, 
 
 AND OTHER PRECIOUS STONES, 
 WATCHES, CHRONOMETERS, 
 CLOCKS AT ALL PRICES, 
 RINGS, BROOCHES, PINS, 
 SILVERWARE, ETC- 
 
 At Wachliorst's Bijou Diamond Palace. 
 
[ ii ] 
 
 WE RECOMMEjYD 
 
 JOHN F. COOPER'S 
 
 SACRAMENTO, - - - CALIFORNIA 
 
 For the Latest Sheet Music ; Pianos and Organs 
 Sold on the Installment Plan. Sole Wholesale and 
 Retail Manufacturers' Agent for the 
 
 MATHUSHEK PIANOS. 
 Also, Ten Different Makes. B@=-PiANOS TO RENT. 
 JE-^©-r?3rt;li.±XLg ±33. -fclbL© I^ifllixsxc L±t2l©- 
 
 THE LEADING- 
 
 I 
 
 No. 605 J Street, Betv^een Sixth and Seventh, 
 
 LATEST PARISIAN FASHIONS, 
 
 Pattern Bonnets, beautiful in design, rich in material, and perfectly new. 
 Large assortment, in all colors, styles oi trimmings, and to suit any age or com- 
 plexion, in dress, riding, and traveling hats; garden, school, and evening hats. 
 
 All New ^tyles Received Immediately on their Introduction in New York. 
 
 First-class Milliners employed in our trimming department, and all orders from 
 at home or abroad will have special attention and a guarantee of satisfaction. 
 
 C. S. HOUGHTON, 
 
 WHOLESALE BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER, 
 
 ---^PUBLISHER OF^W— 
 
 California for Fruit-growers and Consumptives. (Illustrated.) 
 Price, $1.00, postpaid. 
 
 The Orange, Its Culture in California. (Illustrated.) Price, 
 $1.00, postpaid. 
 
 615 J Street, - - - Sacramento, Cal. 
 
[iii ] 
 GOODS FOR A.LL 
 
 Needs, Tastes and Purposes 
 
 W2AHE most successful and growing stores in the country to-day are the large, 
 (^"3 complete and many-sided stores, with goods suited to all needs, tastes and 
 purposes. Looked at from a single standpoint, they may seem too voluminous and 
 complex ; looked at from the standpoint of the multiform demands of the day, 
 nothing less will suffice. There is no test like experience and practical results, and 
 these support the complete stores. 
 
 Ours is the largest and most complete general outfitting establishment on the 
 coast, as it is also the most successful. It has the largest trade, both at home and 
 through the mails, and shows the most rapid growth ; and its growth has been the 
 most rapid just as its assortments were at their best and highest. 
 
 The key to its success is that it furnishes what the people — and all the peo- 
 ple — want. It ministers to every demand. It is varied and all-embracing. All its 
 customers may not buy in every department, perhaps, but every one finds what he 
 looks for and is interested in. There are coarse, stout goods, for rough usage ; 
 plain, serviceable goods, for everyday wear, and fashionable and costly goods from 
 Vienna, Paris, London and other market centers of the world. In each of these 
 grades only the best makes are represented, while the prices are always as low, and 
 in most cases lower than those of any other dealers. 
 
 Our Mail Order Department is the largest on the coast, and in busy seasons 
 we receive as high as eight hundred to one thousand orders per day. Our Illustrated 
 Catalogue, giving prices and full descriptions of all our goods, is sent free to any 
 address, together with any samples that may be desired. 
 
 Weinstock & Lubin 
 
 ONE PRICE. 
 
 Dry Goods, Clothing, Shoes, Hats, Millinery, 
 Notions, Household Supplies, Etc. 
 
 Nos. 400, 402, 404, 406, 408 and 410 K Street, 
 
 sa.cra.mh;nto. c^l. 
 
[ iv ] 
 
 UNION HOTEL, 
 
 ISADORB TOWNSEND. Pi^oPi^iETOR, 
 
 Second Street, between J and K, - . Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 (TWO AND A HALF BLOCKS FROM RAILROAD DEPOT), 
 
 The Home of Tourists and Commercial Men. 
 
 STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS. 
 
Iv] 
 NEWTON BOOTH. C. T. WHEEI.ER. 
 
 BOOTH & CO. 
 
 1009, 1011, 1013, 1015. 1017, 1019 Front Street, between J and K, 
 SACRAMENTO. CAL. 
 
 ,^"/^^^ ^M\ y:m j^^^ ,„ 
 
 -AND DEALERS IN- 
 
 PROVISIONS, WINES, TOBACCO and CIGARS. 
 
 fHE HOUSE has been in business for thirty-eight years, and its proprietors 
 claim that their experience has given them a thorough acquaintance with the 
 wants of the trade and knowledge of the condition of the market, the quality 
 of and value of goods. Their store and warerooms are larger than those of any 
 similar establishment in the State — loo feet front by 150 feet deep — and being situ- 
 ated immediately opposite the railroad freight depot, and within half a block of the 
 steamboat landing, give them superior advantages for receiving, handling and deliv- 
 ering goods. 
 
 Special attention is paid to shipping all articles in good order and condition, 
 and there is no charge for drayage. 
 
 The house has superior facilities for buying. IT BUYS FOR CASH. It has 
 business connections in San Francisco, an agent in New York, and correspondents 
 in Chicago, St. Louis, Baltimore, Cincinnati and Omaha. It carries a large stock 
 and, it is believed, a greater variety and more complete assortment than any other 
 house in the same line of business in the State ; and particular attention is given to 
 filling orders for goods not in regular line of trade, at lowest rates. 
 
 ->GOODS WILL BE SOLD TO DEALERS WHO ARE RELIABLE^- 
 
 At the Smallest Possible Advance, and Satisfaction Guaranteed. 
 
 Orders from the Trade Solicited. 
 
 The house is more desirous to do a large business, with satisfaction to its cus- 
 tomers, than to make large profits, and will endeavor to make its own interests 
 identical with those who deal with it. Business men visiting Sacramento are invited 
 to call and inspect what is claimed to be the best assorted stock and most complete 
 establishment of the kind on the Coast. 
 
 WE IMPORT TEA DIRECT FROM CHINA AND JAPAN. 
 
[ vi] 
 
 m 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 06 
 
 •i-H 
 
 ^w^. D. com:stock:, 
 
 ^!P—'='S^ 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 CD 
 
 I— !• 
 
 (Jl 
 
 The Best Place for Bargains. 
 
 Newcastle Fruit Land For Sale 
 
 Notary Public, Eeal Estate and Insurance Agent, 
 
 NEWCASTLE, PLACER COUNTY, CAL1F0RNL'\. 
 
 NEWCASTLE, Placer County, is situated on the line of the Central Pacific Railroad, 32 
 miles from Sacramento, in the center of the Citrus Fruit Belt of Northern California. 
 Fruit from this section has taken the first premiums at all the State and District Fairs; also, 
 first premiums at Citrus Fair held in Sacramento December 12, 1886, for Oranges, Olives, 
 I/Cmons and Raisins. Being at an altitude of 956 feet, the climate is unsurpassed in the 
 State for all diseases of the throat and lungs. Unimproved land is selling at from |;2o to $50 
 per acre ; improved land, at from $150 to feoo per acre. Fruit ripens ten days earlier here 
 than in any other section, and oranges ripen from five to seven weeks earlier than they do at 
 Los Angeles or Riverside, thereby securing sure sale at a high price. There were over 350 
 carloads of fruit sent to the Eastern market from Newcastle this season, and at the rate they 
 have been setting out orchards it will double that amount next season. People looking for 
 cheap land and fine climate cannot find any better county in the State, as we have more 
 advantages and fewer disadvantages than any other fruit-growing section in California. 
 
 I have a few tracts suitable for subdividing, which are well located as to roads and water, 
 which I can offer very low. Also, some very fine improved farms, cheap. Any one looking 
 for land, improved or unimproved, will do well to correspond with me, as I am well acquainted 
 with this section of California. ROBERT JONES. 
 
[ vii ] 
 
 ■^PHffiNIX FLOURING MILLS^ 
 
 Corner Thirteenth a id J Streets, 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CAL.. 
 
 GrEO. SCHROTH & CO. 
 
 Patent Roller Family Flour, Oat Meal, Buckwheat 
 Cracked Wheat, Gr.iham Flour, Ground Barley. 
 
 Agents for Cormack's Oat Meal and Nudayene 
 Corn Meal. 
 
 These Mills have just been completed, and are 
 operated on the FULL ROLLER SYSTEM. The 
 Flour is ahead of any other in the market for white- 
 ness and strength. 
 
 Corner Thirtieth and K Streets, 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CAL., 
 
 GEORGE MUDDOX, - - Proprietor. 
 
 This manufactory was established in 1870, with one 
 man, and did a business the first year of 13.000. The 
 business now amounts to S40,000 annually, and em- 
 braces the manufacture of 
 
 Pipes, Vases, Flower Pots, Fire Bricks 
 
 and all kinds of Fire Clay. 
 
 Further improvements are now under way— in- 
 cluding an entire set of new machinery, steam 
 engine, etc — which will be completed by January 
 I, 1888. 
 
 -H}C' 
 
 ^<ij>>. 
 
 JACOB GEBERT 
 
 Proprietor. 
 
 limi t lURSjlRl, ANDREW BOWMAN, 
 
 Tenili Street, between U and Y, 
 
 SACRAMENTO, - - CALIFORNIA. 
 
 (dARRIAGB PAINTB!{ 
 
 417 Twelftli Street, fielween D and E, 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
 N. W. ROBBINS, 
 
 No. 8oo K Street, Southeast Corner Eighth, 
 SACRAMENTIO. 
 
 CARRIAGE~TRIMMING. 
 
 Florist and NURSERYIVIAN cushions always on hand, and made at short 
 
 FRANK KUNZ, 
 
 CORNER NINETEENTH AND I STREETS, 
 
 SacramBntn, Cal, 
 
 NO CHINESE EMPLOYED. 
 
 Office at Sawtelle's Boob Store, 708 and 710 
 J Street. 
 
 E. H. GREEN, Proprietor. 
 
 GEO. SERMONET, 
 
 Wholesale and lletail Dealer in 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, 
 
 Corner of Eighth and G Streets, 
 SACRAMENTO, CAL, 
 
 A. INGRAM & CO., 
 
 Carriages, Buggies, Spring Wagons. 
 
 REPAIRING A SPECIALTY. 
 
 8®= Country orders promptly filled. 
 
 1013 and 1015 J Street, tiet. lOtli and lllli, Sacraiento. 
 
[ viii ] 
 
 ^THE BELL 0ONSBRYATORY 00,1^ 
 
 SACRAMENTO; CALIFDRNIA, 
 CD 
 
 ^ 
 
 O 
 
 I— '< 
 
 o 
 
 CD 
 
 Dealers in Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Gar- 
 den, Greenhouse and Bedding Plants. 
 
 B@-THE GROWING OF FINE ROSES IS A SPECIALTY WITH US.-^a 
 
 We are direct importers of Holland and Japanese Bulbs. Olive and Fig Trees 
 grown in quantity, and only the best varieties. 
 
 -^OuR Floral Department is Our Spesial Pride.^ 
 
 In the last two years we have received from the State Agricultural Society two gold 
 medals and thirty-two premiums for excellence in Nursery Stock. 
 
 B^^'All orders receive careful attention. 
 
 ^Clttfd)C^ 
 
 (3rtft<)rtusi^ 
 
 1, 111114111, Isaiislitoe. 
 
 Board and Lodging, per week, - - - $5 00 to $7 OO 
 Board and Lodging, per day, - - - - 1 00 to 1 25 
 
 Single Meals, 25 Cents. 
 
 es" Families accommodated on reasonable terms. 
 
 NO CHINESE EVER EMPLOYED IN THE HOUSE. 
 
 The Bar is Well Stocked with Choice Liquors and 
 Cigars. 
 
 814 and 816 J Street, between Eighth and Ninth, 
 
 SA-CRi^MENTO, OAL. 
 
[ ix ] 
 
 PACIFIC HOTEL, 
 
 Corner Fifth and K Streets. 
 
 The Leading: Business and Family Hotel of 
 
 SACRAMENTO. 
 
 Board and Room, per day, $1 00, »1 35, $1 50 
 Board, per week, ..........4 00 
 
 MEAXS, ...... 35 CENTS. 
 
 Street Cars to and from the Depot pass the door 
 every five minutes. 
 
 C. F. SINGLETON, Proprietor, 
 
 BlacksmitbiDg, Carriage Making, 
 
 HORSESHOm and GENERAL JOBBll 
 
 GALT, CALIFORNIA. 
 
 HOME ^ MABE ^ BREAD. 
 
 MRS. M. KERLIN. A- L. BOSCHKE. 
 
 KERLIN'S BAKERY, 
 
 Corner Tenth and F Sts., - Sacramento. Cal. 
 
 All kinds of Bread, Cakes, Pies, and Baked Bean.=, 
 on hand and cooked to order. 
 
 We Carry the Largest Stock 
 
 -OF- 
 
 BOOTS 
 
 -AND- 
 
 SHOES 
 
 I3Sr S^^OI?.-A.DVCE13SrTO, 
 
 And therefore are able to fit any foot, from the very narrowest to the widest. OcR Prices are 
 
 THE Lowest, quality con.sidered. 
 
 GUS. LAVENSON, Corner Fifth and J Streets, Sacramento. 
 
 riEilLER IN 
 
 ^^®^^ 
 
 CAREFUL ATTENTION 
 
 PAID TO 
 
 COUNTRY ORDERS. 
 
 No. 523 J STREET, 
 
 Bet. Fifth and Sixth, 
 Sacramento, - - Cal. 
 
 ^khh THE Latest Novelties in Millinei^y Goods.*^ 
 
[ X] 
 
 J. BELLMER, 
 
 JOS. A. M. MARTIN, 
 
 Dealer in 
 
 -iiEALKR IN- 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, 
 
 MIi\ES, LIOIjORS, cigars, ETC. 
 
 83" Goods delivered free of charge. 
 Corner M and Eighth Sts,, Sacramento. 
 
 GUS. HAGELSTEIN, 
 Manufacturer of 
 
 FINE CANDIES AND PURE ICE CREAM. 
 
 830 K STREET, 
 Corner of Ninth, SACRAMENTO. 
 
 L. P. ANDERSON, 
 
 HOUSE Al SIGN PAINTEB, 
 
 816 K STREET, 
 Between Eighth and Ninth, - Sacramento. 
 
 J. E. PARMETER, 
 
 (SWMM^ -^ POINTER. 
 
 916 and 918 Eleuenth Street, 
 
 Between I and J, SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
 Prices to suit the times. Call and see me. 
 
 ANE5 I 
 
 nyEecliaixiics' Tools, E-bc. 
 920 J STREET, 
 
 Opposite the Plaza, SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
 ^AOEKCY FOR lUEAI. KH'TCLE!). 
 
 JAMES SEADLER, 
 
 ^.^.^1 .. ^^ 
 
 i!J5iiQi^ 
 
 Modern Architecture a Specialty. 
 
 Original Designs for all kinds of buildings, and personal supervision given to 
 
 construction. 
 
 DfficE and REsidEncBj B37 J StrEEtj 
 
 SACRAMENTDj CAL, 
 
[ xi ] 
 
 CAPITAL BOX FACTORY 
 
 TOWER BROS. & CO., PROPRIETORS, 
 
 Manufacturers of all kinds of 
 
 Fruit and Packing Boxes, 
 
 No. 1700 Second Street, Southwest Corner of Q, 
 
 JACOB GRIESEL, 
 
 Manufacturer of and Dealer in 
 
 No. 1022 J STREET, 
 Between Tenth and Eleventh, SACRAMENTO. 
 
 St. Louis Market, 
 
 Corner of Eleventh and H Streets, 
 S acaraiXTLen-fc o . 
 
 All Kinds of Fresh Meats, Hams, Bacon, 
 Lard, Sausages, Etc. 
 
 COLUMBUS BREWERY 
 
 Corner of Sixteenth and K Streets, Sacramento, Cal., 
 CHRISTOPHER WAHL, Proprietor. 
 
 The Columbus Brewery was established in 1852, with a brewing capacity of 
 only eight hundred barrels yearly. Its present proprietor has $100,000 invested in 
 the establishment, and has so enlarged the premises and increased the facilities as to 
 bring the brewing capacity up to 20,000 barrels a year. 
 
( xii ] 
 
 GALT AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 
 A Flourishing Town Located in the Midst of a Rich Section of Country. 
 
 Few towns in the State have made the rapid and substantial advancement that has been achieved by 
 the town of Gait in the few years that it has been in existence. It is located in the southern portion of the 
 county, near the dividing line of San Joaquin County, on the line of the Western Pacific Railroad. From 
 it a branch road extends to lone, in Amador County. Its trade extends throughout the southern portion 
 of the county, and to San Joaquin and Amador, and its business houses are large and extensive in tlieir 
 volume of trade. The soil of the surrounding section is rich and adapted to the production of cereals and 
 all kinds of fruits and wines. A prominent citizen of the town writes, under date of November 26, 1887 : 
 
 "I am engaged in diversified farming— grain raising, dairying (cheese making), and stock raising. I 
 have also an orchard phmted with nearly every variety of fruit, and tlie trees are all thrifty. I have also 
 a small vineyard of the choicest varieties of table grapes. My grapes grow to the greatest perfection. I 
 will add that neither my orchard nor vineyard have ever had a drop of water save that from rainfall, and 
 I would not, from my experience, irrigate my lands for any purposes. The manufacture of raisins from 
 the Muscat grape and the cultivation of the almond have been decidedly successful." 
 
 Land can he purchased in that section of the county at moderate prices ; in the town, lots can be pur- 
 chased reasonably, the payments to be made in installments. 
 
 NATIONAL BANK 
 
 OF 
 
 D. 0. Mills & Co. 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
 DIRECTORS: 
 
 EDGAR MILLS, ...... President. 
 
 S. PRENTISS SMITH, - - - - - Vice-President. 
 
 FRANK MILLER, - Cashier. 
 
 CHAS. F. DILLMAN, . . . . Assistant Cashier. 
 
 D. O. MILLS. 
 
 Sacramento Transfer Co. 
 
 Give your baggage check to our Messenger on train, and save your baggage from 
 
 falling into irresponsible hands. 
 
 Baggage Delivered to all parts of the City, or Stored Free of Charge for one 
 week, if passengers are undecided where to stop. 
 
 «@- BAGGAGE TAKEN ON STORAGE.-^® 
 
 Office, 530 K Street, Sacramento, Cal. S. KINGSBURY & CO., Proprietors. 
 
[ xiii ] 
 
 IMPORTERS OF FINE FRENCH MILLINERY 
 
 B21 and 623 J StrGBtj 
 SSCRAMENTD. 
 
 We carry the largest and finest stock of Millinery to be found in any retail store 
 on the coast. Our mottoes are : 
 
 PROMPTNESS IN ALL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS! 
 
 GOOD GOODS ! LATEST STYLES ! LOWEST PRICES ! 
 
 AND EVERYTHING AS REPRESENTED ! 
 
 Careful Attention Given To All Country Orders. 
 
 (dAKPET Fastory, 
 
 802 M Street. Sacramento. 
 
 The Only First-class Carpet Factory 
 in the City. 
 
 All Work Done, Guaranteed to Give 
 Satisfaction. 
 
 MARY S. COIVGEK, Proprlftor. 
 
 E. RILEY, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 Family Groceries, 
 
 HAY,GRAIAlCODmyPRODLTE. 
 
 Corner Tenth and I! Streets. SACRAMENTO. 
 
 The PioNEEf^ 
 
 Drug Store 
 
 OF SA0KAMENTO. 
 
 DEPOT FOR 
 
 Q-OG-inSTGh'S 
 
 CELEBRATED 
 
 FAMILY MEDICIN 
 
 904 J STREET. 
 
 \ 
 
[ xiv ] 
 
 NATIONAL GROCERY STORE 
 
 (WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.) 
 
 ClioicB Fail? Grocerifis, Provislois, Wines, Llsnors, Toliaccos, 
 
 GRAIN, FLOUR AND GENERAL PRODUCE. 
 
 1028 and 1030 J Street, Southwest Corner of Eleventh, 
 
 Goods delivered free of charge to Steamboats, Railroad Depot, or any part of City. 
 CHRIS. EHMANN, Proprietor. 
 
 E. M. JUDGE & CO. I PLAZA HARNESS SHOP 
 
 Dealer io SADDLERY and IIARMSS, 
 
 F. GEHRING, Proprietor, 
 
 912 J Street, - - Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 D. VsT. JEILERS, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealer in 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, 
 
 Southeast Coryer Tenth and Sts. 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
 P. H. MENKEN'S, 
 
 928 J Street, - Sacramento, 
 
 IS THR 
 
 POPULAR EVENING REM FOR BUSINESS MEN 
 
 Pure Wines and Liquors and Fine Cigars. HOT 
 LUNCH served daily, from 11 a. m, to 2 p. m. 
 
 W. F. NEUMAN, 
 
 Wagon and Carriage Manafacturer 
 
 -->>HORSESHOEING.-V-- 
 
 RcpairiiKj of Wagonn, Buggies, General Jobbing. 
 No. 1130 J Street. 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 and ^m\im% 
 
 Wines, Liquors, Etc. 
 
 NorthEast CnrnEr Twelfth and G- Sts, 
 SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
 C. ZIMMERMAN, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 Groceries and Provisions 
 
 WOOO, Ul GRAm, WINES, LIQUORS ANO CIGARS, 
 And Every rescrlplion of Family Supplies. 
 
 'Goods Delivered Free of Charge. 
 
 Southeast Corner Twelfth and E Streets, 
 SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
 Patronize Home Manufactures. 
 
 CAPITOL P^CKIISTG CO. 
 
 -^>t^ESTABLlSHED IN 1881*iJ5*:^* 
 
 Office and Works, Corner B and Eleventh Sts., SACRAMENTO, CAL 
 
 Over 2,000 Tons of Fruits Packed under our Famous Brands 
 
 durinof 1887. 
 
16 
 
 — AND — 
 
 NORMAL SCHOOL 
 
 [ XV ] 
 
 W. E. OSBORN, 
 
 No. 806 I Street, - - - Sacramento, 
 
 Agent Tahoe Ice Company 
 
 DEPOT FOR ALL KINDS OF FUEL 
 
 Short-hand, « Type-writing, « Music. ^!!!f!=£^i^?_ — ^ 
 
 L. POLLER, 
 
 SELECT SCHOOL FOR BOTH SEXES. M-Street Market, 
 
 Corner Eighth and M Streets. 
 Choice Fresh Meats, Hams, Bacon, Lard. 
 
 920 and 922 K Street, 
 
 SACRAMENTO. 
 
 J. C. BAINBRIDGE, - - - PRINCIPAL. 
 
 PARK NURSERY 
 
 Corner Tenth and P Streets, 
 
 F. A. EBEL, 
 
 Floral Designs a Specialty 
 
 J. H. MIDBLKMASS. 
 
 J. H. DOLAN. 
 
 DOLAN & MIDDLEMASS 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 
 
 CIGARS, TOBACCO, MONS, ETC. 
 
 Northwest Corner of Seventh and N Streets, 
 
 SACRAMENTO. 
 
 Wilson's Stable, 
 
 31 B K STREET. 
 
 BBiween TMrfl and Fonrtli, Nearly Opposite Possofflce, 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
 Finest Tiimouts In tie City, 
 
 J. W. WILSON, Proprietor. 
 
 SADDLE ROCK 
 
 RBstairail aM Oyster Hoise. 
 
 •^t^FIKST- CIL..A.SS-<5*f- 
 
 Ladies' Dining Room.-v — 
 
 — ^-VOpen Day and Night. 
 
 Tlie Leading Ojster House of Central California. 
 
 The finest Eastern and California Oysters, 
 in every style. Game in season. Premium 
 Steaks and Chops. Every variety of Fish. 
 
 3.01.S Secoxica. Street, 
 
 Between J and K, SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
 Two and a half blocks from R. R. Depot. 
 
 SASH GROSEf( 
 
 Cor. Eighteenth ^nd I sts. 
 
 SACRAMENTO. 
 
 Best Goods Sold at Lowest Prices 
 
 And delivered to any part of city free of charge. 
 
[ xvi ] 
 
 A. LOTHHAMMER, 
 
 Sole Agont for STEIN WAY & SONS, ERNEST 
 
 QABLER & BRO., KRANICH & BACH, 
 
 ROENISCH, and C. D. PEASE & CO. 
 
 WILCOX & WHITE ORGANS. 
 
 Piano Tuning and Repairing a Specialty. 
 
 1021 NINTH STREET, 
 Odd Fellows' Temple, Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 ->> ID ^^ IE, ''Sr. <*- 
 
 PAUL WEISS, 
 
 Manufacturer of 
 
 Cheese, Butter, Etc. 
 
 2-Mile House, Lower Marysville Road. 
 
 (DJtJFUnOT^ STOI^El. 
 
 WEBER & CO. 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Grocers 
 
 ^nd COMlMISSIOlSr JMERCH^NTS. 
 
 best quality, full weight goods, at the very lowest prices. Send for quotat 
 
 and Price Current. 
 
 1217 and 1219 L Street, Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 L 
 
 "A Penny Saved i-s Equal to Two Earned." 
 
 f^rk~stoke:, 
 
 JAMES POPERT, Profriktor, 
 
 Cor. Twenty-first and H Sts. Sacramento. 
 
 Choice Family Groceries, Hay, Grain, Etc. Goods 
 of the best quality at price:' as low as any other store 
 in the city. 
 
 S. DWYER, 
 
 Dealer in 
 
 Choice Family Groceries, 
 
 Provisions, Fresh Butter and Eggs 
 HAY AND GR'AIN AT WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. [ ^ ^ J 
 Corner Sixteenrh and J Streets. 
 
 MORGAN & LUDLOW, 
 
 DKALERS* IN 
 
 FRU/T, - -a CHEESE 
 
 Vegetables 
 
 Butter 
 
 GAME 
 
 And Eggs, J^^^SB^ ^'^ Season. 
 
 1028 H street, Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 om^ 
 
 m 
 
 Rieol 
 
 au^ 
 
 U 
 
 vni]} 
 
 ivunuLVij 
 
 Corner Twelfth and 1 Sts. 
 
 Sacramento, California. 
 
[ xvii ] 
 
 MARTIN KESTLER 
 
 if liiiiii! 
 
 AND 
 
 Quartz 
 Wagons ! 
 
 Constantly 
 on Hand 
 
 AND 
 
 MADE 
 
 TO 
 
 ORDER, 
 
 At Lowest Rates. 
 
 All Work Warranted. Repairing Done at Short Notice. 
 
 1010, 1012 and 1014 NINTH STREET, 
 
 Between J and K, SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
 P. G. RIEHL, 
 
 Dealer in Groceries, Provisions, 
 
 Hardware, Crockery, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, Etc. 
 
 POSTOFFICE, FREEPORT, CALIFORNIA. 
 
 William Tell House, metropolitan market 
 
 ' CONRAD SCHEPP, 
 
 Corner of Ninth and J Streets. Dealer In Fresh Meats 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CAL.. Of Every Description, 
 
 S.W. Corner Twelfth and E Streets, 
 
 SACRAMENTO. 
 
 Farmers' Feed and Sale Stable, 
 
 J. D. LOCKHART, Proprietor, 
 
 Nos. 1015 and 1017 Eleventh Street, 
 Between J and K, SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
 Horses boarded by the day, week or month. All 
 kinds of Hay, Grain, Feed, Flour, and Potatoes. 
 
 THE BEST FAMILI HOTEL IN SACRAIKTO. 
 
 MEALS, 25 CENTS. 
 
 Table supplied with the best the market affords 
 Accommodations first-class. Rates reasonable. 
 
 WM. NOETHIG, Propiietor. 
 
 (Late of San Francisco.) 
 
[ xviii ] 
 
 -^it Gr -A- Xj T 3iE^ 
 Sacramento County, California, 
 
 HAVE FARMS 
 
 Of All Sizes and of Every Description, 
 FOR SALE ON EASY TERMS. 
 
 TOWN LOTS AND iPROVED TOWN PROPERTY 
 
 At Prices and Terms to Suit All Purchasers. 
 
 Five and Ten Acre Tracts adjoining Town. 
 
 Intending piuxhasers will do well to correspond with this agency, or call and 
 e.xamine our bargains, before investing elsewhere. No trouble or charge to show 
 pioperty. Call on or address I. M. SMITH & CO., 
 
 Gait, Sacramento Co., California. 
 
[ xix 
 
 J. H. FERRIS, 
 
 •tP ^ n* TV" '1^ 'f 1"» 'i~ '>■■ 'T' T^ ^ ^ Tp 
 
 REAL ESTATE AGENT 
 
 •*■ ^r* T^^ I' TT TV] ^T^ 2^ ^ ^ ^ ^t* -ff ^ 
 
 GALT, SACRAMENTO COUNTY, 
 
 CALIFORNIA, 
 
 Has For Sale Parcels of the 
 
 Most Desirable Lands in the State, 
 
 In Tracts of from Four Thousand Acres down to Forty Acres. 
 These Lands 
 
 PRODUCE IN GREAT ABUNDANCE 
 
 Hops, Corn, Alfalfa, Potatoes, and all kinds of Fruits and Vegetables, without 
 IRRIGATION, and Mr. Ferris is bound to satisfy every person seeking a home, or 
 give them a free ride over one of the most interesting sections of California, which 
 will pay for the trouble. 
 
 1060 acres of Hop, Alfalfa, Corn and Grass Land, on the side of 
 
 the Cosumnes River, adjoining Arno Station, at $45 per acre. 
 
 840 acres, on the Lagoon — all in grain — at $40 per acre, including 
 crop, or $30 per acre without the crop. 
 
 796 acres, near Gait; highly improved; $100 per acre. 
 
 3,500 acres, at Cicero Station; $30 per acre. 
 
 1,800 acres, on Dry Creek, 10 miles east of Gait; $40 per acre. 
 
 A Home Guaranteed to Every Man in Good Faith Seeking One. 
 
 J. H. FERRIS, 
 
 Office and Residence, Fourth Street, between A and B, Gait. 
 
[ XX ] 
 
 Merchant Tailor 
 
 ^^©^^ 
 
 ALWAYS ON HAND 
 
 A Large AssnrtmEnt 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Latest and Best Goods, 
 
 BOTH 
 
 Foreign and Domestic 
 
 pom 
 
 J 
 
 ExcellEnt 
 
 D 
 
 RICES 
 
 Warkmanship 
 
 A FIT GUARANTEED. 
 
 413 J Street, Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 WHOLESALE. EEilLERS IN 
 
 308, 310 and 312 K STREET, 
 
 SACRilMENTDj CAL, 
 
[ xxi ] 
 
 SHERMAN & PARKER, 
 
 Eeal Estate and Insurance Agents, 
 Property of all Descriptions 
 
 MONEY TO LOAN. INSURANCE EFEECTED. 
 
 8ACfli^ME]SrTO, CAL. 
 
 Sacramento Planing Mill. 
 
 HARTWELL, HOTCHKISS &. STALKER, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 hsH. 
 
 8TAlii I Brackets, Scroll-Sawing, Turning 
 
 ' WORK 
 
 A i . CORNER FRONT AND Q STREETS, 
 
 Specialty 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
( xxii ] 
 
 A. & A. HEILBRON, 
 
 -DEALERS IN 
 
 m 
 
 HARDWARE AND AGRICULTURAL liPLEiENTS 
 
 217 and 219 J Street, Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 We keep a Full Stock of the following : 
 
 Caldwell & Olds Farm Wagons. Oliver Chill and Peoria Steel Plows. 
 Casaday and San Leandro Gang Plows. Casaday and Peoria Sulky Plows. 
 
 Vineyard and Side-hill Plows. Iron and Wood Frame Harrows. 
 
 LaDow Disc Harrows. Ajax and Planet Jr. Cultivators. 
 
 Victor and Crown Mowers. McCormack Binders. 
 
 Hodge Case Headers. Reindeer Rakes. 
 
 Glidden Barb Wire. Perry Pleasure Carts, etc. 
 
 We also carry a complete assortment of Shelf and Heavy Hardware, including 
 Nails, Rope, Iron, Steel, Coal, Shot, Powder, Fuse, etc. 
 
 Write Us for Prices! Write Us for Prices! 
 
 cc 
 
 TSiE :m:el^^iXjLE " 
 
 Formerly 
 
 THE TMESDELL, 
 
 Market Street, 
 
 JUNCTION OK 
 
 Mason and Turk 
 SAN FRAMCISCO. 
 
 The leading fam- 
 ily hotel of San 
 Franeifco. It is 
 centrally located, 
 thoroughly venti- 
 tilated, with fine, 
 airy, and sunny 
 rooms, and is near 
 to all the places of 
 amusement. The 
 table is excellent, 
 t he food and viands 
 being the beet ob- 
 tainable. 
 
 Teims ReasonaDle. 
 
 All Market Street 
 
 Cars pass the main 
 
 entrance. 
 
 ELEVATOR. 
 
 Hermann & 
 Regensburgetf 
 Proprietors. 
 
[ xxiii ] 
 
 WASHBURN & SGOTT, 
 
 Real Estate and Insurance Agents, 
 
 317 J Street, Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 HAVE FOR SALE lands suitable for the production of wheat and fruits of all 
 kinds— including the orange, olive and fig — in small tracts, for man and family, 
 and larger tracts, for colonies. Prices within reach of all. These lands are situated 
 in Central and Northern California, 
 
 OR^isrr) OLi]V£A.TJi;. 
 
 BEA.UTIFUL HOMES. 
 LOVELY SCENERY. 
 
 A. S. HOPKINS & BRO. 
 
 Importers of and Wholesale Dealers in 
 
 Wooden and Willow Ware, 
 
 311 and 313 J Street, between Third and Fourth, Sacrampnto. 
 
 Indurated Fibre Ware 
 
 No Hoops, Light, Seamless, Imjjei^vious to 
 
 Liquids, Ahsolutelij Tasteless and 
 
 Odorless, Lndestructible. 
 
 It is molded or pressed out in one piece from wood 
 fibre saturated with a hardening material which makes 
 it very durable as well as elastic, and renders it im- 
 pervious to moisture, hot or cold. It is superior to 
 wood, paper, tin and iron ware in these particulars. It 
 will not shrink or swell; will not taint water, milk or 
 other liquids; cannot leak, water-soak or rust; has no 
 paint or varnish to wear off; does not require paint or 
 varnish to preserve it; is proof against hot and cold 
 water, kerosene, benzine and naphtha. It commends 
 itself for general house and farm use; invaluable for 
 manufacturers, brewers, malsters and paper makers; 
 indispensable for steamer use, as, in addition to above 
 qualities, the ware will not sink if dropped overboard. 
 
[ xxiv ] 
 
 Where's Your Merit? 
 
 Southeyn Boomer: "I'll sell you this comer lot lor five hundred dollars a 
 front foot." 
 
 Eastern Capitalist: "But, my dear sir, why pay five hundred dollars per 
 front foot when I can buy good property in Northern California for half the price?" 
 
 Southeryi Boomer: "Ah ! but where' s your boom?" 
 
 The close-buying householder says to the thrifty grocer, "Why pay sixteen 
 cents per pound for Our Taste Hams when I can buy others for a considerable less?" 
 The thrifty and sensible grocer replies : "Ah ! but where's your merit?" 
 
 There are no hams equal to the Our Taste — special cure and trim, taken from 
 selected hogs, and imported from the East in refrigerator cars in sweet pickle. 
 All first-class grocers keep them. 
 
 HALL, LUHRS & CO., Proprietors. 
 
 Sacramento and Los Angeles. 
 
[ XXV 
 
 L. L. LEWIS & CO 
 
 502 and 504 J St. and 1009 Fifth St. 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CAL 
 
 Ours is one of the largest Stove and Crockery Houses on 
 the Pacific Coast. We kaep everything that is necessary to fit 
 out a family for housekeeping, and at Wholesale Prices. We 
 sell our No. 7 Eclipse Stove for $10, and we warrant it to be a 
 first-class baker and good cook stove in every particular. 
 
 We have beautiful Colored Tea Sets, of 44 pieces, at 
 
 This is a big bargain. Send for our Catalogue of Crockery, 
 Glassware, Stoves and Ranges, Silver Plated Ware, Copper 
 and Tinware. Our Catalogue is most complete, and is sent 
 FREE on application. 
 
 502 and 504 J Streei and 1 009 Fifth St. 
 
 Si?-:^5^%.vv;i!l..#/>*^^ 
 
 GARLANDl 
 
 :?'^»^'''ll.%\'^^ 
 
 
 fiSARUNDl 
 
 ■^S^/// if.^^sS^^., 
 
STATE BANK 
 
 Does a General Banking Business. 
 
 Draws ExcliaDie oi all lie Priacpl Gllies of llie Worlil. 
 
 OP^FICERS: 
 
 President, ----------- K D. RIDEOUT 
 
 Vice-President, ----------- FRED'K COX 
 
 Cashier, -------------- A. ABBOTT 
 
 DIRECTORS: 
 
 C. W. CLARK, GEO. C. PERKINS, 
 
 JOSEPH STEFFENS, J. R. WATSON, 
 
 N. D. RIDEOUT, FRED'K COX, 
 
 A. ABBOTT. 
 
[ xxvii ] 
 
 D 
 
 H 
 
 h: 
 
 (LOCATED AT SACRAMENTO AND YOLO BRIDGE) 
 
 SACRAMENTO, - - CALIFORNIA 
 
 HO 
 
 J 
 
 CF 
 
 Manufacturers of NEW PROCESS 
 
 m AND F 
 
 - •-^!»t^ A N D ^5«f-^ - 
 
 FLOUR. 
 
 DEALERS IN GRAIN AND MILL FEED. 
 
 Capacity, - 5 GO Barrels per Diem. 
 
 The manufactures of this establishment occupy the foremost 
 position in the market, and are regarded with marked favor by 
 merchants and consumers. 
 
 Casli Paid for all kinds of Grain. 
 
[ xxviii ] 
 
 R FULL STOCK DF 
 
 ^v^i:^^v^p ©AS tm^^RE 
 
 Cumbers 
 
 Lamps, Globes, Etc. 
 
 No. 412 J Street, 
 
 9 Telephone 143. SACRAMENTO. 
 
 COUNTRY ORDERS WILL BE PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO 
 
 H. J. GOETHE, 
 
 Real ^ Estate^ Agent, 
 
 NOTARY PUBLIC AND CONVEYANCER, 
 1011 Fourth Street, Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 Deeds, Mortgages, Wills, Bills of Sale, Lenses, 
 Contracts, and all other documents, in English or 
 German, promptly and carefully executed. 
 
 Agent of tlie Norlli Gcriiiaii ilojd Sleamsliip Company. 
 
 MONEY TO LOAN. 
 
 FOR FINE HAT,S 
 
 GO TO i . 
 
 'j.F. slater; 
 
 T.i . sucIe-ssor to f 
 fJ.CMEulSDORFFER 
 
 SAC;R''#MENTO. 
 
 n 
 
 LBROOK, MERRILL & STETSON, 
 
 -IMPORTERS OF- 
 
 Stoves and Metals, 
 
 PLUMBERS' GOODS, TINNERS' TOOLS AND MACHINES, 
 
 TINNERS' STOCK, 
 
 Tin Ware and House Furnishing Hardware, 
 
 iROisr ^ND LEiVD i^ipe;, 
 
 ETC ETC ETC. 
 
 Nos. 221 and 223 J Street, Sacramento, Cal. 
 
[ xxix ] 
 
 ^^«, 
 
 511 
 
 J Street 
 
 :^^. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Telephone 94 
 
 DRUGGIST 
 
 APOTHECARY 
 
 N.E. Cor. Fourth and K Sts. 
 Opposite Postoffice. 
 
 CARL STROBEL 
 
 NO. 321 J STREET, 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
 BARGAINS IN CITY PROPERTY, AND SMALL PARIS 
 
 Adjoining and Near Sacramento, 
 
 As well as land of every description and answering all kinds of agricultural pursuits. 
 
 BUSIISrESS OHA-NCES 
 
 Also will be found by calling on Carl Strobel, Real Estate and Insurance Ao-ent. 
 
 IDIEI. H. H. ZPIEI^SOZSr, 
 
 ARTIFICIAL TEETH, ^^^^ All Qnalities and 
 
 Pure Nitrus Oxide Gas administered for the Painless Extraction of Teeth. 
 Correcting Irregularities of Children's Teeth a specialty. 
 
 DENTAL ROOMS: NO. 511 J STREET, SACRAMENTO, CAL 
 
 m 
 
 Southwest Corner Sixth and J Streets, 
 
 Sacramento, Cat. 
 
 aiii KiamattaffiD 
 
 -^•t^ALSOs 
 
 -HtcSaeramento Dental DepotJiK- 
 
[ XXX ] 
 
 ED. M. MARTIN, 
 
 Attorney at Law, 
 
 And NOTARY PUBLIC. 
 
 Office and Residence — No. 603 I Street, 
 near corner of Sixth (almost adjoining the 
 Hall of Records and Court House), Sacra- 
 mento, Cal. 
 
 CHAUNCEY H. DUNN, 
 Attorney at Law^ 
 
 920 FIFTH STREET, 
 
 P. O. Box 372. SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
 W. A. ANDKK'SON. 
 
 lAirnd/ 
 
 .^ney ana mmm 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CAL, 
 
 Office— No. 209 J Street (east of Wells, Fargo 
 & Co.'s Express), Room No. 4. 
 
 J. G. TUBES, 
 
 Attorney at Lav^^, 
 
 ND, BDl I STREET, 
 
 Corner of Sixth. SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
 JOHN SHANNON, 
 
 Attorney at La^A^ 
 
 And NOTARY PUBLIC, 
 626 I Street (Opposite Court IIouso), Sacramento 
 
 EUGENE J. GREGORY. 
 
 FRANK GREGORY- 
 
 GREGORY BROS. CO. 
 
 (Successors to GREGORY, BARNES & CO.) 
 
 WHOLESALE DEALERS IN PRODUCE AND FRUIT 
 
 Nos. 126 and 128 J Street, Sacramento, Oal. 
 
 Full stock of Potatoes, Veo-etables, Green and Dried Fruits, Beans, Alfalfa, 
 Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry, etc., always on hand. 
 Orders tilled at lowest rates. 
 
 PEOPLE'S SAVINGS BANK. 
 
 WM. BECKMAN President I WM. JOHNSTON Vice-President 
 
 WM. F. HUNTOON . Cashier 
 
 Capital Paid. Up, 
 ijurplus Fund, 
 
 $225,000. 
 40,000. 
 
 Interest Paid on Deposits Semi-Annually. Money Loaned on Real Estate Only. 
 
 Directors— \Vm. Beckmau, U. J. Croly, Wm. Johnston, E. C. Atkinson, John L. Plun- 
 toon, Geo. M. Hayton, Samuel Gottleib. 
 
 Office, Southeast Cocner Fourth and J Streets, Sacramento, Cal. 
 
[ xxxi ] 
 
 ^O ^ J 
 
 (Nearest Hotel to the Railroad Depot.) 
 
 ISTo. 120 I Street, bet^veen Front and Second, 
 
 Meals, ------ S«5 Cents I Beds, 
 
 '•25 Cents 
 
 JACOB SCHMID, Proprietor. 
 
 JAMES LONGSHORE, 
 SftCRAMENTO TRUNK FACTORY 
 
 530 K STREET, 
 
 Masonic Building', Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 Every description of 
 
 Trunks and Valises 
 
 Kept in Stock, Manufactured to Order and Repaired 
 
 The Only French Restaurant in Sacramento. 
 
 wmwm m nmi 
 
 427 K STREET, 
 
 Adjoining Metropolitan Tlieater Building. 
 
 Entrance to Private Rooms on Fifth Street, 
 
 LOUIS PAYEN, Proprietop. 
 
 J. CARLAW. 
 
 A. CARLAW. 
 
 SACRAMENTO 
 
 Corner Tenth and R Streets. 
 
 Quarriers and manufacturers of all kinds of Granite and 
 Marble Work, and direct importers of the celebrated Scotch 
 Granite Monuments. 
 
 See our work and get prices before purchasing elsewhere. 
 
 6entpal Regliaiirant 
 
 NO. 710 K STREET, 
 
 Bet, seyenlli and Elgllli, Opposite Site or New Postofflce, 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
 CoflFee and Cakes, 10 Cents. 
 
 Meals, 25 Cents. 
 
 Served at all hours. 
 
 Your Patronage is Invited. Please Call. 
 MR3. H. SCHINDLER, - Proprietress. 
 
 &(m) PBTEIi BII0CK 
 
 Corner of Front and K Streets, 
 SACRAMENTO. 
 
 This house has been thoroughly renovated and 
 newly furnished. It contains 16 rooms, and the 
 location is ano of the -most desirable in the city, 
 being opposite the steamer landing and in the midst 
 of the wholesale mercantile quarter. 
 
 PRICES REASONABLE. 
 
 MRS. DRAKE. Proprietress. 
 
[ xxxii ] 
 A Gold and Ten Silver Medals Awarded by the California State Agricultural Society 
 
 F. FOSTER. J- O. FUNSTON. 
 
 m 
 
 wmm &. mi 
 
 oolc -finders, 
 PAPER RULERS, 
 
 -AND— 
 
 Blank Book Manutactnrerg 
 
 jVo. 319 J Street, hetweei] Tljivd aijcl Fouvt?}, 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
 Resources^of California Photography 
 
 is forcibly exemplified by a visit to 
 
 \^J\J^ 
 
 GALLERY, No. 26 Montgomery Street 
 opposite the L.ick House, San Francisco, Cal. 
 8®° Take the Elevator. 
 
 W. E. DOAN. 
 
 E. B. WILLIS. 
 
 W. J. DAVIS. 
 
 DAVIS, WILLIS & DOAN, 
 
 SHORT- HAND REPORTERS, 
 
 THE BEST SHORT-HAND FACILITIES 
 
 Of any office outside of San Francisco. Orders for all kinds of short-hand work 
 and type-writing promptly attended to, and accuracy guaranteed. 
 
 OFFICE: COURT [lOUSK. SACRAMENTO. 
 
X)E]SrTIST. 
 
 No. 914 Sixth Street, 
 
 Between I and J, 
 
 OPPOSITE COXGREGATIONAL CHURCH, 
 
 SACRAMENTO, 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
s. J". j'j^G:HZB02sr. 
 
 I)F<ALI',R IX 
 
 STOVES AND RANGES 
 
 SHEET-IRON, TIN-WARE, ETC. 
 
 427 J Street, bet. z\ih and 5th, Sacramento. 
 
 A FULL LINE OF OIL STOVES. 
 
 The Pioneer Stove Store in Sacramento. The prices are the lowest, and the stock 
 
 most carefully selected. 
 
[ xxxiii ] 
 
 Stanton, Thomson & Co. 
 
 308, 310 and 312 J Street, Sacjamento^ 
 
 --S-SOLE AGENTS FOR- 
 
 The Best G-eneral Purpose Plows in the Market. 
 
 Mitchell & Lewis Co.'s Farm and Spring Wagons, 
 Corbin Disc Harrows, 
 
 Myers Force and Lift Pumps, 
 
 The Sta^ Wind Mills, 
 
 And a full line of the most approved Farm Machinery. 
 
 Prescriptions Accurately Compounded at All Hours of the Day or Night. 
 
 J. C. SEPULVEDA, 
 
 Northeast corner K and Second Streets, and 
 Northeast corner Third and J Streets, Sacramento, California. 
 
 EBNER BROS. 
 
 WHOLESALE 
 
 LKJUOH DEALEHS 
 
 116 and 118 K Street, 
 
 SACRAMENTO, - - CALIFORNIA. 
 
 -— VDEUTCHES GASTHAUS.-V-— 
 
 EBNER'S HOTEL 
 
 CHARLES DIETRICH, Proprietor. 
 
 ^v^E-A-XjS, 
 
 25 CEnSTTS, 
 
 Nos. 116 and 118 K Street, 
 
 Between Front and Second, but half a block from 
 Steamboat Landing and near Railroad Depot, 
 
 SACRAMENTO. 
 
[ xxxiv J 
 
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[ XXXV ] 
 
 WATERHOUSE & LESTER, 
 
 709, 711, 713 and 715 J Street, Sacramento, 
 
 HARDWOOD LUMBER i CARRIAGE MATERIAL 
 
 Malleables for all Styles of Wagons and Carriages. 
 
 SPRINGS AND AXLES. 
 
 »^5*^ALL GRADES O Fi^5*^- 
 
 Buggy and Wagon Tops, Carriage and Wagon Umbrellas. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 WAGON AND BUGGY BODIES, 
 ALL STYLES GEARINGS, 
 
 WOOD HUB WHEELS, 
 
 SARVEN PATENT WHEELS, 
 
 GENERAL JOB MILL WORK. 
 
 Waterhouse & Lester : New York, San Francisco, Sacramento, and Portland, Or. 
 
[ xxxvi ] 
 
 Tlie 
 
 and Best Eplpped Printing House In 
 Brtliern Calirornla. 
 
 ♦-^»i5»»«^=i*^ 
 
 rM^ 
 
 W. J. HASSETT. 
 
 A. J. JOHNSTON. 
 
 A. J. JOHNSTON & CO. successors to LEWIS & JOHNSTON, 
 
 BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS, 
 
 410 J STREET, _ SACRAMENTO. 
 
 ^^t%%^^ 
 
 Orders from tlie Country 
 
 Are respectfully solicited, which will be promptly 
 filled at reasonable prices. 
 
[ xxxvii ] 
 
 JOSEPH HAHN & CO. 
 
 SoRNER Fifth and J Streets, Sagramento, Gal, 
 
 TO THE TRADE. 
 
 We have constantly on hand a large and varied stock of Drugs, Chemicals and 
 Patent Medicines. Proprietors of Hahn's Liver Bitters and Condition Powders. 
 Sole agents for Dr. Kale's Rheumatic Remedy. Full line of Wythe & Bro.'s 
 Preparations. An extensive assortment of Surgical Instruments. Large and choice 
 stock of Wines and Liquors, both in cases and bulk: French Cognac and California 
 Brandy; California Port, Sherry, Reisling and Burgundy; Blue Grass, Nabob, Bel 
 Air and Dew Drop, in cases. Depot for the celebrated California Bartlett and Sara- 
 toga High Rock Spring Waters, in barrels and cases. 
 
 Very truly yours, JOSEPH HAHN & CO. 
 
 KLUNE & FLOBERG, 
 
 428 J Street, Southwest Corner of Fifth, 
 SACRAMENTO, OAL. 
 
 HEADQUARTERS FOR FINE 
 
 DiamoEfls, Wales, Jei Blry, Silfsrware, omical Goods, Etc. 
 
 AGENTS FOR 
 
 ROCKFORD^^p WATCHES 
 
 are une^ualied m exacting service. #^ ?^.?±.';,.. ^J^^^ « They ara recognized as T H E 
 
 Used by the Chief Mechanician of SMM^feMftSl^^^J^ BEST for all uses in which 
 the U. S. Coast Survey ; by the Ad- ^™^S^^^S2^*^^^ close time and durability are re- 
 miral Commanding in the ^J. S. YS^?T<* Vi«f^^ quisites. Sold in principal citiM 
 Naval Observatory, for Astronomi- ,^l^^s«V^>4i2i^^^ ^"'^ towns by the COMPANY'S 
 cal work; and by Locomotive Engi- ^^^^^^^^^^^WJ Exclusive Agents (leading jewel- 
 tieers, Conductors and Railway men. ^^^^^^^^^^^ ers), who give a FULL warranty 
 
[ xxxviii J 
 W. E. TERRY, President. E. J. HOLT, Manacer. 
 
 F.u. 
 
 END k TE 
 
 Ti:E]lD-V^(D01D, 
 
 Ms^Sil 
 
 1 BifliffiJiftft PiiiiiM 
 
 At Wholesale and Retail, 
 
 And Manufactured to Order at Mills of the Company. 
 
 - *-.?»t^ A. L S O <^*s?-» - 
 
 SHAKES, 
 
 BOLTS, 
 
 TIES, 
 
 WINDOWS, 
 
 BLINDS, 
 
 SCREENS, 
 
 DOORS, 
 
 ETC, ETC. 
 
 Main Yard and Office: - - - No. 1310 Second Street, near M. 
 
 Branch Yard: Corner of Twelfth and J Streets* 
 
 SA.CIlA^MENrO, C^L. 
 
 Country Branch, -------- Gait, California. 
 
 ORDERS BY MAIL PROMPTLY AND ACCURATELY FILLED. 
 
 The best facilities for shipping car-load lots direct from San Francisco. 
 
[ xxxix ] 
 
 W. R. STRONG & CO 
 
 WHOLESALE FRUIT AND 
 
 ID' 
 
 <^ 
 
 H. 
 
 H 
 
 PACKERS and FORWARDERS 
 
 In Carload Lots, to Eastern, Southern and Interior 
 
 Markets. 
 
 Having been engaged in this business for many years, and being the oldest house and 
 largest shippers on the Pacific Coast, our advantages are unrivaled for the disposal of Cali- 
 fornia Fruits and Produ(fts in the great marts of their consumption. 
 
 Our arrangements with the leading Fruit and Produce Growers are very extensive, and 
 we know we can be of the largest advantage to both the producer and consumer. 
 
 We keep constantl}' on hand, in their season, a 
 
 ]^ 
 
 uu 
 
 STOCK OF TIIOPICAL FRUITS 
 
 As well as of California Growth. Also, 
 
 Canned Goods, Machine and Sun Dried Fruits, Butter, Cheese, Nuts, Etc. 
 
 ) ""i") 
 
 CAPITAL NURSERIES, 
 
 W. R. STRONG & CO., Proprietors, 
 
 A FULL AND COMPI.ETE STOCK OF 
 
 Ff^uiT, Shade and Oi^namental Trees 
 
 Shrubbery, Vines, Plants, Etc. 
 
 SEED STORE AND PRINCIPAL OFPICE; 
 
 FRONT and J STREETS, 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CAL. 
 
 Main Depot and Sales Yard — Second Street, near Passenger Depot of C. P. R. R. 
 'extending across the block to Third Street. 
 
 Nursery Grounds — 130 acres just outside the city limits, near County Hospital, and 
 60 acres near Penryn, Placer County, Cal. 
 
 By fair dealing and close attention to the wants of our customers, we are determined to 
 merit the confidence of the public in the future, as we believe we have in the past. 
 
 W. R. STRONG «& CO., Sacramento, Cal, 
 
[ xl ] 
 
 CAPITAL HAMS 
 
 
 
 LINDLEY&C? 
 
 We guarantee the Capital Ham to be unexcelled. 
 
 We stop for neither price nor pains in getting 
 Perfection in QUALITY, CUT and CURE. 
 
 LINDLEY & CO. 
 
 Wholesale Grocers, 
 
 SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA. 
 
HUNTINGTON, HOPKINS & CO. 
 
 IDH3-A.3LERS inST 
 
 IRON, STEEL and COAL 
 
 And Blacksmiths' Sui>i)lies of Every Description. 
 
 WR CONSTANTLY CARRY IN STOCK A FULL LINE OF SHELF HARDWARE, 
 AND BUILDING SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS. 
 
 HEADQUARTERS FOR 
 
 Sportman's Supplies, Ammunition, Fishing Tackle, 
 
 WINCHESTER. MARLIN and BALLARD RIFLES, 
 
 PARKER, SMITH, and ENGLISH SHOT GUNS, 
 
 CUTLERY, Etc., Etc. 
 PAINTED "BARB WIRE GALVANIZED 
 
 STEEL HAY AND BARLEY FORKS, 
 
 HOES, RAKES, SCYTHES, Etc., Etc. 
 
 WRITE FDR CATALDG-UE AND PRICES 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 005 793 479 7 ^