> t ;'■ ^H% ' . V ' a- h^/^' W /^* *^ /' . ;- y Class LD3j/| <^_ Book la^J) 'o . PRESENTED BY Ho 3^ |l2 ui O^ K O IB (SCO o So Z K 2 M" S t^ S w . S f- £ ►^o «S^y5 w w 5 2 . < \i 2-J Z tn o c pa Z o W Q ►J o ►JQ Hffi: &K • s => (5 !?3« O; z« W ' Jfc w Q :5 ^ z 2 ;Ch > o > o a w « < W K • o HISTORY OF THE CLASS OF 70 Department of Literature, Science and the Arts, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. Edited by Charles S. Carter, Secretary. Milwaukee, Wis. PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE CLASS. 1903. V '7 :^^ :■ Press of Burdick & Allen, Milwaukee, Wis. TO THE MEMORY Of Our Sppart^ti (ElasBmatPS This Book is FONDLY DEDICATED. "Friendship's the Wine of Life." CONTENTS. PART I. T 1 ,• . . . . ix Introduction Biographical sketches— Graduates ■• Biographical sketches— Non-Graduates • • ■ 241 Soldiers' Roll of Honor ;J^^ Names of Deceased ^ PART II. Echoes from College Days ^^^ Class Roster, Complete ^^^ Minutes of Class Meetings ^^^ Class Officers— Freshman Year 317 Sophomore Year J^^ Junior Year ^-^ Senior Year. 326 Class History, i866 to 1870 -^-'^ First Sophomore Exhiliition '''^"^ Second Sophomore Exhibition 344 Junior Exhibition -^ ^ Class Day Exercises •. ■''+° Commencement Day Exercises -^ 9 Degrees Conferred ^ Students' Lecture Association -^5 J Students' Christian Association 354 Editors of The Oracle 354 Editors University Chronicle 355 University Glee Club 356 Alpha Nu 363 Literary Adelphi 364 Philozetian Debating Club 365 Aristotelian Debating Club 366 viii Contexts. Huron Debating Club 367 Lower House Faculty 367 Fraternity Boys 3 70 Independent Organization 371 '70 on tlie Diamond 371 ]\Iiscellajieous Items i74 Our Instructors 375 Students in University. 1866-1870 376 PART III. Class Re-Unions 377 INTRODUCTORY. Looking l)ack with the eve of memory to September. 1866, we see one hundred and three anxious, ardent, resohite boys, just bordering on manhood, full of vigor, wit and vivacity, enrolled as the class of '70 in the department of literature, science and the arts in the University of Michigan. Light-hearted and free we were ready and willing to take up any task that might be set be- fore us. Misfortunes were to us occasions only for blushing laughter ; "conditions" were only marks of honor. We see our cheerful band of young fellows entering upon a four years" course of study which was to be one of the happiest periods of our lives. We see fourteen new members welcomed to the class in sophomore year and thirteen of the original number drop out ; sixteen new faces and forty vacancies in junior year; one new member and three vacancies in senior year, and at the end of the four years a graduating class of seventy-six yoitng men — a class larger by twenty-two than any previous one graaker, be it remembered, is "the Gentleman from Kalamazoo," a "forty-niner," having been born in "49. He joined '70's ranks in the L'niversity of ^Michigan in 1868, near the end of the Sophomore year, having come from the Sopho- more class in Kalamazoo College. Prof. Olney had somewhere about him a tender spot for that college ; for not only was it a Baptist col- lege, but he had also served in its faculty. Indeed it was from that faculty that he was promoted to the L'niversity of INIichigan, wherein he accomplished the work on which his permanent fame as a successful teacher rests. Perhaps his attection for the old Department ok Literature, Science, and Arts. 3 college in Kalamazoo unconsciously smoothed the way for Baker's entrance. Still Baker does not affirm this to he the case. He was a good student. Was one of the speakers at our Junior exhibition and also one of the speakers at Commencement in June, 1870. In the sunnner vacation of 1870, just after graduation, Baker with Burton and Mickle. worked for Professor James C. Watson in computing data for reconstructing the lunar tables. In Sep- tember he applied "for a job." the particular job applied for being the mathematical chair in Al!)ion College. The application was successful — so successful indeed, he writes, that he has never ap- plied for another. The year at Albion was the lirst year in "that great battle of life" depicted in college oratory and wdiich in the thirtv years retrospect looks like a strenuous year. It was much like other years no doubt, "and yet to me," he writes, "no other year can ever quite parallel the first year. First things never occur twice in one's life and those first things make deep and lasting im- pressions." In the summer of 1871 Baker was offered a tutorship in the University of Michigan under Professor Olney, an oft'er accepted promptly and with a proud consciousness of promotion. This work at the university proved exceedingly congenial, for the narrow field of teaching required, permitted thoroughness of preparation and contrasted sharply with the previous year's work, where the very large field to be plowed often, alas, compelled shallow tillage. In the spring of 1873 there came from Washington to Profes- sor Watson a request to designate or recommend a person qualified to undertake astronomical field work in an Alaskan field party. For this place Professor Watson designated Baker, wdio accord- ingly in March. 1873, went to Washington and entered upon what has turned out to be his life work. For nearly twenty-nine years he has been almost continuously in the service of the government. The years of 1873 and 1874 were spent on the Pacific coast, the summers in Alaska and the winters in California, in the usual coastwise surveys conducted l\v the U. S. Coast Survey, now called the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survev. Class of '70, University of Michigan. Returning to Washington at the beginning of 1875 the next five years were spent chiefly in office work at the Coast Survey office in matters relating to Alaska. In this work Baker was the assistant and esteemed companion of W. H. Dall. then, as now, recognized as the best informed man in the country as to Alaska. Dall and Baker prepared a Coast Pilot of Alaska, going deeply into the whole literature of the subject. They published a bibliography, a cartography and collected, digested, arranged, and published its meteorolgy, etc. In 1880 they together again spent a summer in Alaskan surveys and gathered material for the Coast Pilot, which was published in 1883. In 1882 Baker was selected by the Coast Survey to establish and conduct a primary magnetic station or magnetic observatory at Los Angeles, California. Two years, 1882-84 were devoted to this work and a successful and continuous record secured of the variations in the elements of the earth's magnetism. The summer of 1885 he spent in and about New York harbor in a study of the tides and currents of that important harbor, of the bar. how formed, and how and why changes occur in it. In that year also Mr. Cleveland became President and a violent "shak- ing up" in the coast survey ensued. Ill content at the outlook Baker resigned in the spring of 1886 and at once entered the Geological Survey, with which organization he has ever since re- mained. For a number of years he was in charge of its Northeast- ern division of topography and the States of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut were mapped under his direction, and parts also of several other states, including the anthracite coal fields in Pennsylvania. From about 1890 to 1894 he was employed in the office as one of the director's principal assistants. When President Cleveland's now famous message of Decem- ber, 1895, relative to the Venezuelan boundary brought strained relations between Great Britain and the United States, a commis- sion was appointed to investigate the whole subject. The com- mission requested Baker's assignment as geographer and such Department oe Literature. Science, and Arts. 5 assig"nment was made. Baker serving until the commission ended its labors in 1897. It was during- these years that the little wife, who was at the reunion of the class of '70 in Ann Arbor, in 1890, was stricken with the fatal malady, Bright's disease, and after a lingering ill- ness of two and a half years the flickering light went out, leaving blackness behind. This darkness came at the very end of 1897. Almost at the same moment came a demand for work so engross- ing, so urgent, so continuous, that there was no time for aught but action. Venezuela and Great Britain had agreed to arbitrate their dispute and into this case Baker was invited, went and stayed till the verdict was pronounced in Paris in October, 1899. Then came a return to Washington and a resumption of work in the Geological Survey. In 1890 there was created an official or government board on geographic names. To this board are referred questions as to disputed geographic names which arise in the departments and its decisions are to be accepted by the departments as the standard authority in such matters. Of this board, now composed of twelve representatives from various bureaus and departments. Baker has been a member from the beginning and for ten years he has been its secretary. He has just completed a dictionary of Alaskan geographic names, a book of 446 pages, in which is traced the origin, history, application and often the meaning of the names which have been and are used in Alaska. In the spring of 1894 Major Powell, who had been director of the Geological Survey since 1880, resigned and Baker's relations to the work were altered. Somewhat ill content with the outlook, the occasion was taken to carry out a plan previously formed and accordingly in October, 1894. he matriculated as a law student at Columbian University. Here he continued for two years, attend- ing evening lectures and reading at night, graduating LL.B. in 1896. There now exists in \\'ashington a group of ten federated scientific societies. In 1875, however, there was but one, the Class of "70, University of JNIichigan. Philosophical Sncietv. which hatl hecii founded in 1871 and of which Professor Joseph Henry, the illustrious secretary of the Smithsonian, was president. Baker joined this society in 1876, he- canie one of its secretaries in i88i and serv^ed several terms. He has also heen its president. In the ])ast twenty-five years there has been much scientific activity in Washington and numerous special societies have been formed devoted to geography, geology, history, anthropology, biology, etc.. culminating in the creation in 1898 of the \\'ashington Academy of Sciences. In this movement Baker has been one of the active participants and workers and is now a member of the governing boards of four of them, contributing to the proceedings and sharing- the labors involved. For about a dozen years he has been a director in one of the largest of Washington's Building Associations and is also a mem- ber of Washington Board of Trade. He prepared the articles of incorporation of the Carnegie Institution, Washington, D. C. founded by Andrew Carnegie, and which numbers among its officers and trustees manyleading men of the ciiuntry, including the president of the Cnited States, president of the Senate, speaker of the House of Representatives, secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and the president of the National Academy of Sciences. Baker is its assistant secretary. In ]May. i8()9, he married Marian Una Strong, a graduate of Ann Arbor in 1894. December 11, 1901, was born to them a daughter. Barbara, who greets the new century in the name of '70. Their home is at 1905 Sixteenth Street. Washington. D. C. where a cordial greeting ever awaits the old comrades of '70 bound to us by ties that strengthen as the old days of companionship recede. Department of Literature. Science, and Arts. John Albert Baldwin, A.B. Los Gatos, California. He was born at Detroit, ?\Iich., June 2j. 1847. His father, Lyman Baldwin, was born in Weston, Connecticut, March 27, 1802, on a farm where he lived until the a^e of 13, when he struck out for himself. He went to Bridg-eport and learned his trade ; married at the age of 25. -Vfter several years he moved to .\ul)urn, X. Y., where he engagfed in the l)ook business, binding, etc. After a loss through fire and an unfortunate ])artnership he moved to Detroit in the fall of 1843, where he lived until his death October 18, 1875. John's mother, Manc}- Booth, born at Trumbull, Connecticut, married Lyman Baldwin at the age of 23. John's entire schooling was in the pu])lic schools at Detroit. He spent three years at the high school under Professors Chancy and Jones, and entered the Lniversity of Michigan in September, 1866. with the class of "70. In college he was very popular, on account of his fine musical attainments and his happy disposition. He was a memlier of the Alpha Xu and the first speaker at our first Sophomore exhibition. He joined the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternit}- in his Freshman year and no others since. He has never married. After graduation from the uni- versity he entered the Lnion Theological Seminary at Xew York City in September, 1870, where he took the full course of three years, and was graduated from there in the spring of '73. During the first year of his theological studies he was taken verv sick and came very near giving up his work, but he remained at his post. 8 Class of 70. University of Michigan. He strug-g-led along- for several months until the end of the seminarv vear and during the vacation took a much needed rest. He entered the second year better, but far from well. He con- tinued his course with many ups and downs, and was graduated with his class in the spring of 'y^)- On his return to Detroit he supplied several pulpits in the city and vicinitw his health not permitting him to take a permanent charge. He acted as a supply at Dearborn and Inkster, small towns near Detroit, for nearly two years — until "75. In the fall of that year he accepted a call at Xew Baltimore, ]\Iich., and was ordained pastor over the Congregational church. He remained there about two years, when he was ol)liged to give up the work on account of sickness. He returned to his home and supplied vacancies until the summer of "80, when he accepted a position in the Wayne County Savings Bank, Detroit. A few months prior to this he accepted an invitation from a dear frientl, Frederick Stearns, who has been very generous to the university ; donated a fine collection of musical instruments, collected in all parts of the world. The collection is considered complete, the work of several years. Besides these he has contributed man}- curios and antiques. He gave Mr. Baldwin a very cordial invitation to accompany him in his travels through Europe. IMr. Baldwin accepted at once, and has never ceased to thank him. They sailed in February of 1880, and after a most tempestuous voyage entered the port of Cher- bourg". F" ranee, during a gale, under the cover of the blackest night. They visited many provincial towns in France, besides doing- Paris, Lyons, Marseilles. It was at the small, historic town, out- side of the trend of travel, where they found the greatest pleasure. They watched the peasant-life in its simplicity, and picturesque- ness, the quaint scenes, the charming life of the common folk. He says it was refreshing to them to observe the customs and manners of this simple people ; often being wearied with the artificial life and conventionalisms of the large cities, and that it was a con- stant revelation, and its memory is ever refreshing. Their ob- jective point was Rome, where they remained several weeks. They Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. tried to "'do'" the city in their alloted time, l)ut found the task im- possible. They did all they could and left the rest to some future visit, as every one expects to return. Then Italy, Switzerland, a part of Germanv, the famous ride from Mainz to Cologne, over the historic Rhine ; then Belgium and to Havre. From there they voyaged home. Air. Baldwin says : "The sail was delightful. This trip is one of the brightest spots in my life and I like to linger here. ()n my return home I felt like a new man, seemed to have a new lease of life." The month following his return his mother died, June. 1880. She had been an invalid for some time. In July, the month foUowdng, he took a position in the Wayne County Savings Bank as teller, which position he held for eight years, but he found that this clerical work did not agree with him. He was obliged to take a trip very frequently to keep himself in repair. He found he was losing ground and knew that he must give it up, so he determined to make a break — make a radical ■change, which he did in the fall of "88. While at the bank he took several trips, covering old Mexico, and considerable of our own country. In December of '88 he made a break for the West, where he hoped to regain his health, and started for Englet, New Mexico ; a large stock ranch, owned at that time by ex-Secretary Alger, M. S. Smith and other Michigan capitalists. It was an absolute change — from a wearisome clerical life into a solitary, rugged one. He says: 'T took to it from the start, and enjoyed every minute. In a clear, dry atmosphere, where I could roam for miles with little fatigue, I began to gather strength and felt from the start the glow of returning health." He re- mained here for two years, then turned his face towards Texas. He remained at El Paso for a few months, then directed his course to California, the dream of his life. He says: "T reached San Francisco in May of 189 1. I expected to reside here or in its vicinity, but I was greatly disappoined in the place, for fog and trade winds prevailing in the summer made it very uncomfortable, so I crossed the bay to Oakland and remained several months, but I was not satisfied. I was in search of a home and wanted to Q."et 10 Class of '70. University of Michigai near the mountains, wliere I could spend the rest of m\ davs in quiet and contentment. I kept movino-, the next stop was San Jose. I was greatly j^leased with the place, the longer I remained. the hetter I liked it, and felt that here or among- the neig-hhoring hills would he my future home. While in San h>ancisco 1 met an old pastor, whom I'd not seen for many years. I told him what I wanted, gave him my idea of a home. He said, 'Were vou ever in Los Gatos :' I replied, 'I never heard of the place;' he said, "It was not far from San Jose and an ideal spot ; set in the Santa Cruz foot- hills.' I felt in my hones that this was to he my home. A frientl in San Jose gave me a letter of introduction to his friend li\ing at that time in this canon. I told him what 1 wanted. After a pleasant conversation we put on our hats and walked up the ravine. I was charmed — T knew my home was to he in this heautiful ravine. At length we came to the s])ot ; it was a revelation : the view of the Santa Clara valley has heen a constant inspiration. 1 said at once I must have it. He said other parties were ahout to close a hargain ; he said it was only a ([uestion of paying the most money down. 1 wasted no time, threw down a check that gave me possession. I think the day I hought this home was one of the happiest of my life. 1 had wandered over a large part of the state, saw many lovely homes, hut not just what I wanted. I hought this property in October of 1891. l)eing just ten years ago. I rented it for a few months the following winter and took posses- sion in March. 1892. where I have lived ever since. I've not seen the day that I cared to live elsewhere ; as for going hack to ]\Iichi- gan or the East anywhere, I have not the remotest idea. I am contented right here and would be restive elsewhere. Here I hope to spend the rest of my days. INIy place is a foot-hill home — back rise the mountains, in front the canon opens like a fan into the Santa Clara valley. It is the cream of the earth, and 1 am stirry for those who live elsewhere. I have not massed a fortune, but a good living that brings contentment. In this vicinity are some of the finest fruit ranches in the state, princiixilly 'prunes.' although there is quite a si^rinkling of apricots and peaches. The country Departmknt of Literature, Science, and Arts. 11 is very rich, and as a rule the rancliers are well to do. I am in good health, have a good conscience and a])petite. I regret that I have not Ijeen ahle to attend any of the class reunions, so I am all the more anxious to hear from the hoys through their hiographies. Apart from sickness I've had no misfortune, no accident nor calamities." Charles Ballenger, A.B. Died at Indianapolis, March 13, J88I. He was luirn near \\'illiamshurg, Wayne County, Indiana, September 28, 1846, on a farm where his father then resided, in his youth he attended the pul)lic schools at Williamsburg and Cambridge City. He spent one year at the L'nion School, Ann Arbor, prior to entering the Cniversity of Michigan in September, 1866, with the class of "70. In college he took a leading position, being prominent in all class matters by reason of his genial affability, and l)eing an excellent and earnest student. I le was one of the speakers at the first Sophomore exhibition, also one of the speakers at jimior exhibition. Was a member of the Philozetian debating club and a member and president one }ear of the Literary Adelphi, and a member of the Students" Christian Association. He was graduated with his class in 1870. He then returned to his old home in Indiana and engaged as a teacher in charge of the schools at Economy, Ind., but resigned at the beginning of 1871, and took up the study of law. In September, '71, he entered his brother's law office at Cambridge City, Ind. Plis brother died in July, '72. Charles Ballenger carried on the business until Septem- ber, 1874, when he decided to remove to Indianapolis, Ind. There he formed a law partnership with D. M. Bradbury. The firm con- tinued until the spring of '78. From this time on until his death Mr. Ballenger had no partner, Init was in the enjoyment of a lucra- tive practice. He had attained an excellent standing at the Indian- apolis bar and was rapidly gaining friends and clients when his 12 Class of '70. University of Michigan. health g-avc way in 1880. and he decided to seek rest and quiet, first in Michigan, then at his father's home in Wayne County. Ind., and finally in Florida. He continued to orow weaker in the southern climate until he could speak only in a whisper. His physician informed him that his recovery was doulitful and that if he wished to see his family again he would have to start for home at once, which he did ahout March ist, 1881. He was en- tirely alone in the early part of his sad journey homeward, hut, fortunatel}' for him, he happened to meet on the train Mr. W. H. H. i^Iiller, afterwards Attorney General of the United States, who lived in lndiana])olis and who at once took Ballenger in charge and accom])anied liim home to his famil}-, stopping on the way several days at Nashville for rest. But Ballenger was too low to with- stand the rapid progress of the disease, consumption, which termi- nated his life March 13th, onl}- six days after he reached his home and family. His death was a severe shock to his family and friends, and especially to his classmates, who had the highest re- gard for him as a man. They knew him to he a person of unusual promise — faithful, kind, industrious, ahle, ever ready and willing to assist and to sympathize with those in trouhle and quick to recognize and respond to acts of friendship on the part of others. All who knew him were his friends. Air. W. 11. H. Miller said of him: "1 met Mr. 15allenger at Alontgomerv, Ala., on the train, re- turning home alone to die — fully realizing his condition, and scarcely ahle to speak even in a. whisper, it afforded me a melan- choly pleasure in l)eing a])le to render him such assistance as I could." The Bar of Indianapolis adopted the following: Death has again invaded our ranks and taken from our midst our friend and l)rother, Charles Ballenger, who died in this city Sunday, March 13, 1881. Mr. Ballenger was a man whose character and characteristics were in ever\- \\a\' worthv of imitation. lUessed with fine percep- tions, he neglected no opportunity of improving them by cultiva- tion. He was a praduate of the Universit\- of ^ylichigan; he en- Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 13 tered the legal profession about eight years ago, removing to this city from Cambridge City, Ind. Whilst, In' reason of his innate modesty, he came slowly to the front, he was nevertheless recog- nized by those who were fortunate enough to know him as a lawyer of keen and clear perceptions and of a thortjughlv analvtic mind. But he did not rely upon these. He made thorough preparation both of the law and the facts in every matter in which he was professionally engaged. He was no mean adversary, though modesty and delicacy marked his every action. As a man he was above reproach. His name while among us has received no taint. He died as he lived, with an unsullied character, and has left to his family and friends the priceless heritage of a good name. He was a kind father, a good husband a patriotic and order-loving citizen and a staunch and faithful supporter of the Church with which he was allied. When a good man dies society suffers a loss. We feel the loss of our brother. Such a loss can only be compensated for by keep- ing alive the principles which he exemplified. To his bereaved and stricken family we extend our heartfelt sympathy, and recommend that the Chairman of the Bar Associa- tion present a copy of the memorial to the Courts of the County, with a request that the same be spread on the records, and that the Secretary be requested to present a copy to the familv of the deceased. Charles Ballenger married Miss Jennie Lamb, of Wayne Co., Ind., Aug. 25, 1870. Children : Walter Sylvester, class boy, born Atig. 12, '71 ; Earle, who died in February, ''j'j, aged i^ years. Mr. Ballenger was present at the presentation of the "class cups'" at our reunion in ^'j;i^, and accepted one on behalf of his boy in a very graceful speech. It is said his family was left in good circumstances. His son now ' resides with Mrs. Ballenger in Indianapolis. He is secretary of the Holt Ice & Cold Storage Co. in that city. ,^ 14 Class of 'yo, University of Michigan. Henry Hoyt Barlow, A.B. Coldwater, Mich. He was born June lo. 1850, at Hastings. Midi. His early ecliieation was acquired at Hast- ings in the pubHc schools, inchid- iii!;- the hii^h school. He entered the University of Michiq-an at 16 years of aq'e with the class of '70. He Ix'canie a member of the Literary Adel])hi and joined the Psi L'psiUm fraternity and re- ceived appointment as one of the speakers al the "Junior Ex." After receiving- his degree with the class he was engaged during the greater part of a year in the mercantile business in which his father was interested. In the fall of 1871 he was appointed superintendent of the city schools at Hastings, lie occupied his leisure moments during the vear he filled this position in the study of law, and afterwards at Coldwater he continued his preparation for the legal profession. He was admitted to the bar of iMichig-an at Coldwater in September. 1873. From the first he has taken rank among- the best at the bar in his vicinity, and has faithfully autl conscientiously uiiheld the ethics of the profession and has deservedly achieved marked success. He is a widower with two children. Nathan and Burt. Xathan is a graduate of the Northwestern Medical College, and Burt will finish his law course at the I'niversity of Michigan in 1903. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 15 George Williams Bates, A.M. Detroit, Mich. It was the intent of Plutarch, as lie tehs us in the 1)esT;inning of his Hfe of Alexander, not to write histories, but only lives. It can be very properly said that this is not a history, but simjjly an ac- count of the life of one of those who helped to make the class. Someone has stated that "it is the slight occasion, the word, or some sport", which makes a man's natural disposition and manners appear more plain than the great deeds done. While great deeds may be lacking in a sketch of this character, there are many things which go to make up the every dav life of an individual, and when put together, make a very complete review of his personal characteristics. It is only intended in writing this sketch, to refer to such matters as give a fairly correct picture of the daily life of one who has lead a reasonably busy existence. This is an autobiography, and these sketches will be interesting as a history of the lives of individuals distinct from that of the class. The ancestors of Mr. George W. Bates came from England and formed a part of the Puritan settlement in Massachusetts Bay Colony, many of whom rendered public service in the Colony, either as soldiers in King Philip's War or as Deputies to the General Court. They permanently settled at Charlestown, Massa- chusetts, and Stamford and Saybrooke, Connecticut. He may thus very properly and justly claim descent from those representa- tive men, of whom Stoughton thus spoke, in referring to the settle- ment of America : 16 Class of '70, University of Michigan. "God sifted a whole nation, that he might send choiee grain over into this Wilderness; nay, more than that. He sifted for this pvirpose a whole race. Its settlers were not only of English blood, but of the old Aryan stock. All northern and western Europe bore rich marks of their Pilgrim feet ; and when they undertook to con- quer here, they had in their veins the courage, strength and man- hood, which had already conquered a score of Wildernesses like these." James Bates, the American paternal progenitor of Mr. George W. Bates, w^as the descendant of Thomas Bates of All Hollow,. County of Kent, England, who died in 1485, aged 75. James ist^ landed with his family at Dorchester, Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1634. Two of his brothers, known as Clement of Higham and Edward of Weymouth, came to America about the same time. He was a man of prominence in Church and civil affairs and repre- sented his town in the General Court and was selectman for a number of years. Owing to church differences, Robert, the second son of James Bates, joined the Connecticut contingent led by the distinguished Thomas Hooker and the Rev. Mr. \\'areham and migrated to Connecticut in 1635, and in the following year, 1636^ settled the towns of Hartford, Windsor and \\'ethersfield, Robert Bates became one of the proprietors of Wethersfield. where he married Margaret, the daughter of William Cross, a soldier of the Pequot War, who participated in the "Xarragansett Swamp Fight," December 19th, 1637. and subsequently represented Wethersfield in the (leneral Court at Hartford. In 1639. owing, also, to his diff'erence with the sentiment which prevailed at Wethersfield, that church membership was a pre-requisite to the exercise of civil rights, Robert Bates entered into an agreement with others by means of which, they l^ound themselves under penalty to leave and to prosecute the design of a plantation and settle in Rippowan. This document was dated at Weathersfield, April loth, 1640. This colony was composed of some forty heads of families and proceeded to the region named, then under the jurisdiction of the New Haven Colony, purchased lands from the Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 17 Indians, and the following- year became incorporated as a town under the name of "Stamford." adopting- a form for civil govern- ment, which permitted all reputable men to vote irrespective of church or religious convictions or belief. The name of Robert Bates appears as one of the signers of the Articles of Incorpora- tion. He died June 1 1, 1675. and l)v his will manumitted his negro slaves. Air. George W. 15ates may be said to have inherited, through the marriage of Robert with Margaret Cross, the blood of a soldier, and member of the General Court at Hartford ; through the mar- riage of Samuel, the son of Robert, with ]\Iary. the daughter of Robert Chapman, that of one of the founders of Saybrooke, a Deputy to the General Court, and the largest landholder in 1600 in that portion of Connecticut. Through the marriage of John 2d, the grandson of Robert, with Elizabeth, daughter of Gershom Lockwood. he established his affinity to the family of the Rev. Peter Buckley and to Gershom Lockwood. the soldier, judge and legislator of Greenwich, Connecticut. Through the marriage of John 2d to Sarah Selleck, he inherited the blood of the Golds, of Richard Law, a distinguished jurist of early Connecticut ; and in the person of Jonathan Selleck, father of Sarah, that of a brave Indian fighter, liberal churchman and a sagacious legislator. By the marriage of Gershom Bates ist, also a descendant of Robert, with Alary, the daughter of Jacob Smith, of Greenwich, there was also added a patriotic strain of a noted soldier, one of Washing- ton's favorite and trusted scouts ; and also, that of the Weeds, of Connecticut and New York, from whom descended Nathaniel, the wealthy wholesale merchant of New York, 75 years ago, and Thurlow Weed, the friend of Lincoln. Through the union of Gershom Bates 2d with Hannah Bucknam, came the Stowers and Spragues, whose names appear on the first recorded legislation bv the Selectmen of Charlestown. 1630, and also a strain of the Tut- hills. Knights, Peabodys and Knowles. And through the marriage of Samuel Gershom Bates and Rebecca Williams, in addition to all the foregoing, brings a strain of the blood of the Rev. John 18 Class of "70, University of ^Iiciiigan. Robinson, pastor and founder of the Pilgrim Church at Leyden, Holhind, 1616. the parish church of the Pilgrim Fathers, the Lathams of New London, the Hamlins of Haddam, the \\>eks of Dorchester and Clochester, with Roger \\'illiams of Dorchester, 1635, first Selectman, then Deputy, also a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery of P.oston. and sul)sequently Deputy, representing Windsor in the General Court at Hartford. This Roger Williams was the paternal progenitor of Rebecca Williams, came to Connecticut in 1632. and some authorities state, was a cousin of Roger \\'illiams of Rhode Island. The similarity of characteristics would seem to confirm the statements. He was a man of wealth and education, was Selectman. Deputy Grand Jury- man and occupied a high social position both in Alassachusetts and Connecticut. James Bates and Roger Williams, the progenitors of the paternal and maternal lines of ancestry of Mr. George W. Bates, left their native land at about the same time, and for the same ob- jects ; both settled in Dorchester and were both recognized as leaders in the church, social and governmental aiTairs of the New Colony. They represented their town in the General Court and as selectmen on the town board at aljout the same period. James Bates remained at Dorchester until his death, while Roger Williams removed to Windsor. Connecticut, because of the dis- sensions in the church, and the attempt of the controlling element to dictate his religious convictions. The early death of James Bates evidently prevented his going with the same colony to W'ethersfield. because he also held to the belief that church and civil aft'airs sln)uld be administered separately. Roger \\'illiams acc[uired a large landed interest in Windsor, became Deputy to the General Court at Hartford, where he remained until the death of his wife. Then he returned to Dorchester and married Lydia Bates, the youngest daughter of James P>ates. They were both actuated by the same principles in leaving the ease and luxury which their means enabled them to enjoy in England, for the dis- comforts and privations of the "American Wilderness," that they Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 19 might exercise those privileges and imnuinities which we now deem the most sacred and which are found to he the same dominant sentiments in tlieir descendants through successive generations. Mr. George WiUiams Bates was horn in Detroit, Michigan, Novemher 4th. 1848. His father, Samuel Gershom Bates, was born in Stamford, Connecticut, the son of Gershom Bates, a lineal descendant of Robert Bates and of Hannah Bucknam, the latter of whom is a descendant of the Bucknams of Maiden, and of the Spragues and Stowers of Charlestown, Massachusetts. He was by occupation a merchant, and died x\pril 30th, 1874. His mother, Rebecca Williams, was Ijorn in Sayl)rooke, Connecticut, a descend- ant of Roger Williams, the daughter of Hamlin Williams, and of Patience Latham, the descendant of Carey Latham, the founder of New London, Connecticut. She died July 12th, 1886. His primary education was commenced in a private school, and was afterwards completed in the public schools of Detroit. It was his good fortune to take his high school training under the instruction of the two distinguished professors, Henry Chancy and Elisha Jones, the former of whom was a graduate of the University of Vermont, and the latter of the University of Alichigan, two of the leading teachers of ^Michigan. The former was the principal, the latter taught Greek and Latin. Elisha Jones afterwards took the chair of Latin language and literature and estalilished the Elisha Jones Scholarship in the University. Mr. Bates was a classical student. It can be truthfully said that among the most pleasant and profitable experiences of his student life were those in this school. Then the Detroit High School had 75 students. To-da\- it has three separate schools and has 2,400 students. Co-education an.d the higher education of women were settled at this time by the admission of girls to the high school, and were afterwards settled in the state by their admission to the L^niversity in 1869. He entered the classical department of the L^niversity of Michi- gan in September, 1866, in the class of 1870. Prior to this time he had taken sreat interest in the athletic eame of cricket. On 20 Class of '70. University of [Michigan. his adniission to the university, he found that l^ase h^\\ had not yet taken a hold on the students, but that the game of cricket was its chief athletic exercise. It thrived in 1866-7. but it soon disappeared and has never since returned as a college sport. As a Freshman, he enjoyed the distinction of having been on the '"University Eleven." One year he played with the "University Nine," but soon afterwards ceased to patronize the "diamond." And in after years was greatly interested in aquatic sports. He was among those who spoke at the first Sophomore exhibition held in the Uni- versity. He continued with the class during its four years course, and graduated with it in June. 1870. It was his privilege to be under the instruction of Professors Henry S. Frieze and James R. Boise, who then held the chairs of Latin and Greek languages and literatures, respectively, two of the most accomplisehd classical scholars in the country. On the resignation of Professor Boise, Professor Martin L. D'Ooge succeeded him. and still holds the chair of Greek in the University. This was the first class with which Professor D'Ooge read Demosthenes. He is the single link that connects this class with the University of thirty years ago. Professor James C. Watson, the famous astronoiuer, was also a member of the University at this time. ]\Ir. Bates was also a member of Alpha Xu. then the leading literary society, and of the '"Philozetian," a senior debating club. There was peculiar interest in the "Philozetian." It met every Satiu^day night during the sen- ior year, where the "five minute" rule ]:»revailed. Xo speec^^i under any circumstances was allowed to continue beyond this limit, while all were compelled to speak. This method was evidently borrowed from that pursued at Longwood. Pennsxlvania prior to i860, where, in a little building erected on the country estate of Bayard Taylor, the novelist, many of the most advanced thinkers of the day made addresses. All were limited to five minutes, and it made no dift'erence whether the speaker happened to be \\'endell Phillips, Henry Ward Beecher or Charles Sumner, this rule was rigidly enforced. There the most advanced ideas of the times were pro- Department ok Literature, Science, and Arts. 21 mnlgated by the best thinkers. The anti-slavery movement found its most enthusiastic supporters in these dehberations. No doubt thev had great influence in moulding public sentiment on this question, Init whether so or not, it provided the occasion and place, where the best thought of the day was expressed. Whether the originators of the "Philozetian" had in mind the method pursued in this rural hall of discussion in Pennsylvania or not, history does not record. The rule, however, was adopted and the "five minute'' speech was at times the raciest exhibition of thought during the college course. Some of the most heretical doctrines therein an- nounced would have done honor to the great anti-slavery orators, free thinkers, and socialists, that held sw^ay at the Bayard Taylor resort. Perhaps the little stone "jug" had something to do with the inspiration manifested on these occasions. As a school of debate, the "Philozetian" was without its equal in the University; and those who attended its meetings, can look back to it as one of the most enjoyable and profitable experiences of their University life. The "Chapel" speech also prevailed at this time. Then the whole literary department w as shut up in the old law- lecture room, which was filled to its limit each Saturday morning, to hear the wisdom expounded by the seniors. Acting President Frieze was the presiding ofiicer. He presided w'hen Mr. Bates delivered his "Chapel" speech. It was thought by himself that he had made a great impression, particularly upon the learned President. But to his astonishment, he was asked by him shortly afterwards, if he expected to make his "Chapel" speech; and on being told that he had made it some weeks before, the absent-minded President declared that he had in fact forgotten it. It was quite evident, however, that he had not the least recollection of it. The degree of A.B. was conferred upon him at the age of twenty-one and in June, 1873, he was given the degree of M.A. The first occupation in which he was engaged after leaving the university was that of taking the school census for a part of Detroit; and in the fall of 1870 he was employed by the publishing 22 Class of '70, University of Michk^an. liouse of James R. Osgood & Co. of Boston, as their subscription agent at Detroit for their ilhistrated paper, "Every Saturday," which \vas at that time one of the leading- illustrated papers in this country, if not in the world. He continued in this work until October, 1871. when he commenced the study of law, by entering the law offices of Newberry, Pond and Brown, then one of the leading law firms of Detroit. Henry B. Brown of this firm was soon afterwards appointed Judge of the I'nited States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan, and became later one of the Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. Ashley Pond, also of this firm, subsequently became the general solicitor of the Michigan Central Railroad. In Eebruary, 1872, he was con- nected with the law firm of Meddaugh and Driggs. Elijah W. Meddaugh afterwards became general solicitor of the Grand Trunk Railway. He was admitted to the bar in June, 1874, and on December 4th of the same year opened his office for the practice of law in Detroit. From that time to the present he has been engaged in a general practice. This has been almost wholly civil in its character, although he has occasionally been engaged in criminal cases. He has been essentially a trial lawyer, has had large experience in chancery matters and in the management and settlement of estates. That of the late James B. Wayne was settled by him. Among the many notable cases in which he has been engaged may be mentioned Bellair vs. Wool, 35 Mich.. 440 ; Craw- ford vs. Hoeft, 58 Mich., 1 ; The King Will Case, 93 Mich., 234; Johnson vs. Powers. 139 U. S.. 156; Lloyd vs. Hollenbeck, 98 Mich., 203; and Kimball vs. Ranney, 122 Mich., 160. It has been his good fortune to travel considerably. In February, 1881, he made a trip through the South, including Florida, Nassau on the Island of New Providence, made famous during the Civil War as the rendezvous for the rebel blockade runners; and the Island of Cuba. In September, 1886, he traveled through Canada, down the St. Lawrence, and up the Saguenay River to Chicoutimi. In the summer of 1888 he made a ninety days" trip through Europe. On May 30th he sailed from New Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 23 York to Antwerp, Belgium, and there he visited the Antwerp Cathedral, celebrated for its lace-like construction, and saw the great painting of the "Descent from the Cross" by Rubens. Then to Brussels, where he visited the battlefield of Waterloo. Then to the Hague, visiting the 'Tiouse in the Woods," where Motley wrote his "Rise of the Dutch Republic" and which was also the meeting place of The Hague Peace Conference. Here he saw the celebrated painting, known as Paul Potter's "Bull," and also Rem- brandt's "Anatomy." Then to Amsterdam. Then to Cologne, up the Rhine to JNIainz. Then to Frankfurt, where he visited the memorial house of Goethe, the poet. Then to Heidelberg and the Castle. Then to Berlin, where he visited the Schloss Palace, made famous as being the residence of Frederick the Great and also San Souci, the suburban home of the great Frederick. This was the day before the coronation of Kaiser Wilhelm, whom he saw to- gether with his suite on their way from Potsdam to the Palace. The next day he witnessed the State procession of the nobility of Germany on its way to the coronation of the young Emperor. Then to Dresden and Munich. He made a trip through Switzerland, visiting Lucerne, Regi Kulm, the Lakes of the Four Cantons, and the St. Gothard Tunnel. Then to Italy, where he visited Bellagio and the Italian Lakes, and Milan. There he saw the beautiful cathedral of Milan, and De Vinci's "Last Supper." Then to X'enice and Florence, where he visited the memorial house of the cele- brated Michael Angelo, the sculptor, and the Tomb of the Medici. Then to Rome, Naples, Pompeii, Pisa, and Turin. Returning by the celebrated Mt. Cenis Tunnel to Switzerland, he visited Geneva, Chamonix, passed over the Alps to Martigny, near the point where Napoleon crossed the Alps, when he made his celebrated march into Italy. Then to Lusanne, and stopped at Hotel Gibbon, where Gibbon wrote his "Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire." Then to Paris, \>rsailles, London, Stratford-on-Avon, visiting both the birthplace and grave of Shakespeare, Kenilworth, the scene of Sir Walter Scott's novel of that name, and Warwick. Then to Mel- rose, Abbottsford, the home of Scott, Edinburgh, where he visited 24 Class of '70, University of Michigan. Holyrood Palace, the home of Mary, Queen of Scots, and Edin- burgh Castle, where her son, James A'L, afterwards James I. of ' England, was born. Then over the Scottish Lakes by way of Loch Lomond to Glasgow. Then to the English Lake District, where he visited Ridal-Mount. the home of the ])oet Wadsworth. also the home of George Eliot, and that of Ruskin at IJrantwood. Then to Liverpool, where he sailed September 5th for New York. He read, before the Annual Convention of the Commercial Law League of America, at Asbury Park, July 28, 1899, ^ paper on the " Negotiable Instruments Law." It was afterwards printed by the National Conference of Commissioners on "Uniform Legislation," and presented to the Judiciary Committee of the Legis- lature of Michigan in support of the Negotiable Instrtmients Law. Among his literary productions, there may l)e mentioned, papers on "The French Alliance," "The Patriots and Loyalists of the Revolution," "Greek Eloquence," "The Italian City States," and the "Pro-Slavery A'iews of Daniel Webster." These were de- livered before literary societies with which he was connected. He also read a report on the "Historical Work of the Sons of the American Re\'olution," before the National Congress of the Society held in the city of Washington, May, ic;o2. He has been greatly interested in all social, moral and educa- tional matters. While he has never held political office, except that of estimator-at-large for Detroit, he has been a delegate to several Reptiblican state conventions, and taken active part in the politics of his city and county. He was a candidate for attorney general before the Republican state convention at Grand Rapids in 1894. He is president of the Detroit Archaeological Society: a councillor of the Archaeological Institute of America ; is Historian General of the National Society, and Registrar of the Michigan Society of the Sons of the American Revolution ; is one of the Commissioners from j\Iichigan,for promoting Uniformity of Leg- islation in the United States; is a member of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society of New York City ; is a member of the New Encfland Societv, and the Universitv Club of Detroit ; Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 25 also a member of the Detroit, Michigan and American Bar Asso ■ ciations : a member of Oriental Lodge, No. 240, F. & A. M.; a memlier of King C}tus Chapter. No. 133. R. A. AL ; a member of the Michigan Sovereign Consistory and a Noble of Moslem Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. On April 26th, 1887, he married INIiss Jennie ■Marie Fowler, danghter of the late Richard Esselstync Fowler of Detroit, a descendant of William Fowler, who with John Davenport, founded New Haven, Connecticut, and also of the distinguished Revolu- tionary General, Goosen A'an Schaick, of Albany. His children are Stanley Fowler Bates, aged 13, and A'irginia Williams Bates, aged 5. It is a natural reflection that in reviewing one's life, he is in efifect reviewing the lives of all his fellows, with whom he has been associated in the past, as the life of one is in its general aspects the life of all. The recollection which most impresses itself is that of the "boys" of former days. The retrospect covers but a limited period of time, although it eml)races more than a third of a century. The span of intervening years has but little effect to dim the "picture" of the distant past. This youthfulness seems perpetual ; and although the "dial" is fast marking up the passing vears. noth- ing can o])scure these recollections ; nor can one think that "any •old fellow has got mixed up with the boys." Oliver Wendell Holmes, in his poem to "The pjoys." addressed to the class of 1829, in Harvard, some thirty }ears after graduation, thus speaks of his old associates : Yes. we're boys, always playing with tongue or with pen ; And I somtimes have asked. Shall we ever be men? Shall we always be youthful, and laughing and gay, Till the last dear companion drops smiling away? Then here's to our boys, its gold and its gray ! The stars of its winter, the dews of its May ! And when we have done with our life lasting toys, DEAR FATHER, take care of Thv children. THE BOYS ! 26 Class of '70, University of ^riciiiaw. Woostcr Woodruff Beman, A.M. Ann Arbor, Mkh. He \vas l)orn May 28, 1850, at Southinqton. Vlartford Co., Conn, llis father. Woodruff Henian. an expert inaehinist and amateur nmsieian, was a deseendant of Simon IJenian, one of the early settlers of Spring-field. Mass., where he was married in 1654. llis mother, Lois jane Neal,. traees her deseent to Edward Xeal, an early settler of W est- tield, Alass., who died there in i(h)S. In 1859 the family moved to \ alparaiso. Ind., where the son reeeivecl his preparatory training in the male and female eollege, and the Collegiate Institute, from the latter of whieh he was graduated in June. 1865. In Septem- her of the following year he entered the Cniversity of Aliehigaiu He stood high in all his elasses in eoUege ami reeeived appointment as one of the speakers at the Junior exhilntion ami also at Com- mencement, June, 1870. on which occasion he delivered a Latin oration. He received the degree of A.B. in 1870. and of A.M. in 1873. Lie was instructor in Greek and mathematics at Kalama- zoo College in 1870-71. In June. 1871. he was eleetetl to a posi- tion in the l^niversity of ^Michigan, where he has served con- tinuously ever since: as instructor in mathematics from 1871 to 1874; assistant professor of mathematics froiu 1874 to 1882; as- sociate professor of mathematics from 1882 to 1887. and pro- fessor of mathematics in charge of the department since 1887. He is a felknv of the American Association for the advancement of science, and was vice-president and chairman of Section A in Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 27 1897. His vice-presidential address was translated into French iiv jNI. Berdelle and |nil)lished in L'Enseignenient IMatheniatiqne. He is also a meml)er of the London Mathematical Society and the Deutsche Matheniatiker-Vereinigung-. He has written for the Analyst, Educational Notes and Queries. The Academy, Bihlio- theca Mathematica, and the Ihilletin of the American ]\Iathe- matical Society. Li connection with Professor David Eugene Smith, of Teachers' College, Columljia L'niversity, New York, he has pre- pared a series of mathematical text-hooks puhlished hy Ouinn & Co., of Boston : Plane and Solid Geometry, New Plane and Solid Geometry, Higher Arithmetic, Elements of Algebra, Academic Algebra, and I'amous I'roblems of Elementary Geometry (from the German of Klein), a College Algebra, to be published l)y the same firm, is nearly ready for the printer. The Open Court Pub- lishing Co., of Chicago, has published for Professors Beman and Smith a History of Elementary Mathematics { from the German of Fink) and Geometric Exercises in paper folding, an author- edition of the work by Sundara Row, originally published in Madras, India. The same firm published for Professor Beman his translation of Dcdekind's two classic essays on the Theory of Numbers. For two years Professor Beman was president of the Ann Arbor Citizens' League, and since 1893 he has been treasurer of the Baptist Convention of the State of Michigan. He married Miss Nellie E. Burton, of Kalamazoo, ]\Iich., Sep- tember 4th, 1877. Their daughter. Miss Winifred E. Beman, was graduated from the L'niversity of Michigan with the degree of A. B. in 1899, and received her A.M. degree in '01. During the year 1901-2 she was professor of history in ^lilwaukee-Downer College. Their son, Ralph Beman. is now pursuing a course of study in the University of Michigan. 28 Class of '70, University of JNIichigan. Judson Slatford Bird^ C.E. Died, "Washington Co., Kan., March J9, J882. Born at Ann .Vrl)or, ~\lich.. October 9, 1846. His father's name was John C. Bird and his mother's name was Jane Bird, nee Slat- ford. Judson hved with his parents on their farm near Ann Arbor until he finished his course at the university. He prepared for col- lege at the Union School, Ann Arbor, and entered the University of ]\Iichioan in September, 1866, with the class of '70. After graduation he entered into the business of making and publishing maps of different cities, with Jackson, Mich., as his headquarters. His classmates. Mickle and Waters, were interested with him. In June, 1871, he was appointed city engineer of Jackson, and was sent on a tour of inspection to the principal cities in the East. He also engaged in architecture and bridge building. During his term of office the present grade of the streets of Jackson was established. In the fall of '"jz he went to Texas to engage in government work as assistant U. S. engineer and made a survey of Trinity river. Returned to Jackson the following April and entered into partnership with ]\lr. ]vlickle in the business of bridge building and general engineering and architectural work. In '74, he again engaged in making maps, and, in connection with this work es- tablished a lithographic publishing office at Jackson. In Xovem- ber, '76, he went to Kansas to continue the n.iap making business. In 'yj, he removed his family to Kansas with the intention of mak- ing the West his permanent home. His business increased rapidly there until his work extended over ten counties in Kansas and five in Nebraska. At the time death summoned him he had well nigh completed an atlas of Doniphan Co., Kan., and had laid out for himself two wears' work in Southern Iowa. His last illness was very brief. On the morning of ]\ larch 4, '82, he started with his corps of workmen to complete work that he had commenced in Washington Co., Kan., about 130 miles west of his place of resi- dence, bidding his wife and children good-bye. they little dreaming it \ras the last time thev were to hear his voice. He was engaged Depart]ment of Literature, Science, and Arts. 29 at his usual work until March 13th, when he experienced a slight chill. The following' day he remained in l)ed until noon, l)ut was out attending to business in the afternoon. The next day a physi- cian was called, but he saw no cause for anxiety. During that day and the next his sickness seemed slight and he felt so much better on the T6th that he said he thought he would be able to re- turn home to his wife and children the next day. Those were his last words, spoken in the evening. He fell asleep naturally, the man in attendance upon him not being disturbed dtnnng the night. Early on the morning of March 17th Mr. Bird was found in an unconscious state and unable to speak ; not in a stupor, but sitting up in bed. His wife was summoned by telegraph, she reaching him the morning of the i8th and finding him very sick with cere- bro-spinal meningitis, his throat being paralyzed. During the day some of his symptoms were favorable, but that night he sank into a stupor and grew gradually worse until 8 p.m., March 19th, 1882, when his spirit passed awa_\ without a struggle. The remains w^ere taken to x\nn Arbor for burial. In January, ''/;i^, Mr. l>ird married Miss Mary E. Sears, she then being preceptress of the high school in Jackson, Mich. Chil- dren : John Charles, born November 6, '73, and a daughter, Eliza- beth, born April r, 1878. John C. Ijird received his early education in Jackson, being graduated from Jackson High School with the class of 1890 in the English Course, taking two years of Latin and one of German extra. He entered the University of Michigan the same year, tak- ing a course in Mechanical Engineering. Was graduated from the university in 1894, with Stuart H. Perry, Erederick C. Noble and Ross C. Whitman, whose fathers are members of the class of '70. He married Miss Edith Davy, of Grand Rapids, Mich.. November 2, 1899. He has been employed by various firms in Grand Rapids, Jackson, Providence, BuiTalo, Iloboken and Brooklyn as drafts- man, designer and assistant superintendent. At present he is making a specialty of steam pumping and sugar-making ma- chinery. His address is 2T^y Rodney Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. 30 Class of '70, University of Michigan. Elizabeth P>ird was graduated from the Jackson High School in the scientific course with th.e class of 1896, and was the class poet. She entered the normal school at Ypsilanti, ^Nlich., Septem- ber, 1898, and remained one year : taught one year in a primary school in Jackson County. ^Nlich., returning- to Ypsilanti Xorniai School, from which she was graduated in June. 1901. Is now teaching the 3d and 4th grades at Schoolcraft. ^lich. ]\Irs. Mary E. Bird, widow of Judson S.. lives in the suburbs of the city of Jackson. ^Nlich.. in the house her husliand built the year following their marriage. She has been a faithful and de- voted wife and mother, giving her children just such an education as their father would have wished for them had he lived to see them grow to manhood and womanhood. Julius Abiram Blackburn^ M.A. Died at Manchester, Mich., April 25, 1876. Was born in the Township of Caines, Genesee Co.. ^Michigan, February 2T,, 1847. His father, John lUackburn, was born in Seneca Co., X. Y., February 13, 1821. The records of John's ancestry have not been preserved, but he probably came from mixed English and Dutch stock. He was the eighth child in a familv of twelve ; emigrated to ]^Iichigan with his father's family at the age of six ; was by occupation a farmer, also a cooper ; died in Ann Arbor, July 26, 1872. Julius A. Blackburn's mother, Almira ^I. Covert, was born in Seneca Co., X. Y., January 19. 1823. Her ancestry was probably mixed, but chiefly Dutch. She was the oldest of six children and went to [Michigan with her parents at the age of fourteen ; married John Blackburn Septem- ber 3. 1841 ; died in Ann Arbor. June 15, 1869. Julius attended district school in his early boyhood and later the Ann Arbor Grammar School two years (^1860-62), and the Ann Arbor High School three years (1862-65). He enlisted in a cavalry regiment of ^lichigan volunteers in 186^ at the age of 18. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 31 just prior to the close of the Civil \\'ar, Init was not mustered out \vhen the war closed. His regiment was ordered West to meet threatened Indian troul)les. He served out his term of enlistment, chiet^y at Fort ijridger. and returned via San Francisco and Panama in the spring- of 1866. Mr. Blackhurn entered the University of ^lichigan in Septem- ber, 1866, and continued with the class of '70 until his graduation. He was a member of Psi Upsilon fraternity in college and a mem- ber of the L^niversity Glee Club, and was well known as pitcher of the base ball club. He was one of the speakers at our second Sophomore exhibition. After receiving his degree at the university he accepted the position of superintendent of schools at Channahan. PL, where he remained one year. He then became principal of Grammar School No. 20 in Buffalo, X. Y. He was married to APss Helen RoweStringham, of Ann Arbor, on August 14, 1872. Their only child, Helen lone, was born June I, 1874; died February 9, 1875. In September, 1872, Mr. Blackburn assumed charge as prin- cipal of the Lafayette (Bid.) PTigh School, which position he thenceforth filled until the time of his death at ^Manchester, APch., April 25, 1876. Pi the latter part of [March, 1876, being in failing health, his wife, at his request, took him to Manchester where, among familiar scenes and friends, he hoped to recuperate his strength, but all in ^^ain. His widow, in a recent letter, says : "The end came one morning at early dawn ; the birds were chirping and t\Nittering on the tree near our window ; he smiled in his old way and with a little fiash of the old time fun, Imt it was only a flash for he v.as soon unconscious again. P was just one month from the time we left Lafayette to the day I brought him back, and we laid him away from all the beautiful springtime sights and sounds which he had always loved with intensity. .As I look back at it all now it strikes me that he made a wonderfully heroic, unselfish fight against all odds — unselfish in his consideration for me. I cannot recall one petulant expression in all those davs of suft'ering; 32 Class of '70. Uxiversitv of Michigan. alzivys sweetness and strength, courage for botli of us. It speaks well for a man's character when his ^\"ife can truthfully say that in the five years of married life and the four years of previous engage- ment, not one impatient word or thoughtless act can be recorded against either the lover or the husband." ]\[rs. Blackburn says that her husband left her a rich legacy in the warm hearts of the people of Lafayette, who have never failed her in the darkest hours of her life. She was invited by the school board at Lafayette to take the position of teacher of literature in the high school, which was accepted by her in the fall of 1876. This position she has retained to the present time. IMr. Blackburn's ambition was to fit himself for and to enter the profession of law. He had m.ade plans to that end and had he lived he would doubtless have added luster to the reputation of the bar. His brother. Dr. Frank A. Blackburn, of the class of '68, JJ. of 'SI., is a professor in the L'niversity of Chicago. James Harrison Blanchardt A.B,, LL.B. Los Angeles^ California. He was born at Xiles, ^lich.. December 6, 1846. He attended the public schools, including the high school at Ann Arbor, and entered the L^niversity of Michigan in September, 1866. He pur- sued the regular four years course and was graduated with the class of '70. He then studied law in the office of Felch & Grant at Ann Arbor for two years, taking in the meantime the regular law course in the university, receiving his degree in 1872. During the summer of ''/2 he took up some special studies at Boston, !Mass., and in the winter of 1873 ^^^ decided to seek his fortinie in the far West. He located at Los Angeles. Cal., and commenced law prac- tice, at first alone, afterwards with [Marshall & Gould. Judge Alarshall subsequently retired and the firm became Gould & Blanchard. He is still practicing law in Los Angeles. His age is Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 33 fiftv-five years and his hair is white, but he is full of life and feels as young- as on the day he left college. When asked to tell something about himself he replied : "Oh, the events of my life have been so common-place that a recital of them would not be likely to interest any one. My name has not been inscribed on the scroll of fame, am not rich in this world's goods, but believe I have some treasure laid up on the other side." We found him living in his own home, having married Miss Lucv U. Shackleford, formerly of Cincinnati, Ohio, a splendid woman, refined, well educated, and who has for years devoted all her energies to helping young people. He told us, "that was the most fortunate event in his life and can answer the question, 'is marriage a failure?' \\ith an emphatic no." \\ hen pressed to tell something about himself for the class he said : "Tell the boys of '70 that while I have not made a great success in life, as some measure success, yet I am contented, happy, my path is shining more and more unto the perfect day — yes, tell them "Every day brighter grows, And I conquer all my foes.' " Upon his arrival at Los Angeles he immediately identified him- self with the temperance cause and joined the Methodist Church. We were not surprised, therefore, to learn that he has l)een an ardent Prohibitionist all these years, and that his party has honored him by nominating him for high official positions. He is a can- didate on that ticket this year for Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. For four years he was editor and proprietor of the California J'oicc, the official organ of his party in that state. He told us to tell the boys, "that Jacob Beller who left college at the end of his Sophomore year to go to Bohn, Switzerland, came to Los Angeles sick with consumption and died at his home and rests in the little cemetery on the hill." Mr. Blanchard is treasurer of the Equitable Building and Trust Company of Los Angeles. 4 34 Class of "to. University of ^Michigan. Clarence Morton Boss, M.E. Sudbury, Ont. He was born in the Town of Pittsfield. \\'ashtenaw Co., ]\Iich., January 2. 1850. His father, Randall Boss, was a farmer. Clarence passed the early part of his life on his father's farm. He attended the district school and tinished his preparation for college at Ypsilanti and Olivet. Mich. He joined the class of '70 in the Uni- versity of ^Michigan in the fall of 1868 and was graduated with the class. Immediately thereafter he assisted Alaj. T. B. Brooke, Geol- ogist, in a geological survey of Marquette Iron region in upper ]\Iichigan. He made a topo- graphical survey of Champion mine. 2,- niiles west of ^Marquette, and also one of the Xew York mines at Ishpeming. He collected a large number of geological specimens from the entire iron region in upper Michigan and Wisconsin, returning to Ann Arbor in October, "70, to complete the maps of his work to accompany ]\Iaj. Brooke's report. He returned to Lake Superior in !March. "71. as assistant engineer on the Houghton & Ontonagon railway, with headquarters at L'Anse. Later he was division engineer until the completion of the road in 'y2. He was then employed as mining engineer for the ]\Iichigamme Company, and in the summer of 'y^) l^e had charge of the construction of a tunnel and a system of railroad cuts in opening new iron mines. He severed his con- nection with the Michigamme Company in the fall of 1873, and engaged in a general practice of mine engineering in ^larquette Co. In 1876 he was occupied most of the time at the Republic Iron ]\Iine, making complete surveys of the mine, and superin- Department oe Literature, Sciexce, and Arts. 35 tending the construction of a water power plant for compressing air, and erecting the line of pipe for its transmission to the mine, a little over a mile distant. At the time of its construction this was the largest plant of its kind in America. While engaged at this mine he was honored by a visit from Prof. DeVolson Wood, who took the trouble to climl) down to the bottom level of the mine at midnight where Mr. Boss was doing some surveying. This work was often done at night when there were but few men in the mine to interfere. In the late fall of 1876 he left the mining district and spent the winter with his father in Lower Michigan, and in the spring of 1877 he engaged as a locomotive fireman on the Michigan Central Railroad. This was followed for about a year, then came several months in the boiler shops at Jackson, Mich., where a thorough schooling was had in the construction of locomotive boilers. He then returned to the road for a few months, when an ofTer was made to return to the mining tield again, and he entered the em- ploy of some gentlemen to conduct some explorations for iron in Canada, near Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. While engaged in this work he was in frequent association with Noble, Davock, Gilbert and others, who were then engaged in the construction of the canal locks and river improvement at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. He left this work in 1880 and went to Milwaukee, where he was engaged as division engineer in charge of the construction of the first division of the ^lihvaukee and Aladison branch of the C. & N.-W. Ry. between ]\Iilwaukee and Waukesha. On the completion of this railroad he returned to Michigan and relieved his father, who was then in poor health, of the charge of his farm. On October 5th. 1882, he married Agnes B. Mitchell, of Oconto, Wis. Agricultural pursuits being too slow for his temperament he quit the farm in the fall of 1883 and engaged in the grocery busi- ness in Ypsilanti. This proved an unprofitable venture, and in the summer of 1885 he went to Chicago and entered the employ of the Chicago Edison Co. in the electric light business. He was engaged in the wiring of the city tunnels, theaters and other build- 36 Class of "70, University of Michigan. ings. V\"as also sent to \\'ansan. Xeillsville and other places in Wisconsin to install lighting plants. The charms of the mining- camps were ever alluring him, and in the spring of 1886 he went to Bessemer, Alichigan, and engaged in his chosen profession. He soon became acquainted with all the mines and resources of the new Gogebic District, and in addition to ordinary mine surveying, he was in frequent demand as consulting engineer and expert in the examination of mining property, and in making reports. He w'as appointed inspector of mines for Gogebic County in 1890, which position he held until he left that district in 1896. He was elected the first jNIayor of Bessemer in 1889, re-elected in 1890. He managed to secure immunity from the cares of office during 1 89 1, but was unanimously given a third term in 1892. In the summer of 1896 he was engaged as superintendent for the Franklin Iron Alining Co., with headquarters at \^irginia, Minn., in which position he had charge of a group of six mines, three at Virginia, one at Ely, Minn., and two near Hurley, Wis. This company ceased operations in the summer of 1898, and Boss engaged as assistant engineer of the Duluth, Masaba & Northern Railroad, and while in that capacity made a complete survey of that road and all its branches, with maps, etc., to replace records which were lost in a fire some time previous. In the spring of 1899 he engaged as superintendent of the Great Lakes Copper Co. to conduct mining operations in the vicinity of Sudliury, Ontario. He remained with this company until Jime. 1901, when he re- signed and entered the employ of the Algoma Commercial Co. as a mining superintendent, and was placed in charge of the Elsie mine, near Sudbury, which position he holds at the present time. His family consists of a wife, a son, born July 25th, 1883, and a daughter, born November 17th, 1895. One son, born March 25th, 1885, died at Bessemer, Mich., July 20th, 1894. Clarence M. Boss owns a pleasant home at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., to which he moved his family from Duluth, Alinn., in the summer of 1899, that place oft'ering superior school facilities for his children. His married life has been very congenial, his only Df.partmext of Literature, Science, and Arts. 37 regret being that business conditions have required his being separated from his family so much of the time. However, he can enjoy pleasant monthl}- visits with them in his present posi- tion. Mr. Boss attended the class reunion in 1890, and he says that the pleasant recollection of the gathering is a great incentive to him to make strenuous effort to be present at the next one. Rev. Franklin Bradley, A.M. Orion, Mich. Franklin Bradley was l)orn in Chatham, a village ten miles south of Springfield, Dlinois, June 4, 1845. His father, a native of St. Lawrence County, New York, was of New England ancestry. The American original of the family came from England in Cromwell's time. Some members of the family had place and influence in the colonial and later periods of our history. ( )ur classmate's mother, liorn in Cape jNIay Co., New Jersey, was the daughter of Captain Elias Hand, who raised and commanded a company of "Minute Men," a sort of home guard, during the distraction incident to the War of 1812. Circumstances compelled young Bradley to look out for him- self to a large extent from the time he was twelve years of age. Lie worked out generally at farm work for half of each year and attended school as he could the other six months. In the fall of 1859, he went, by invitation, to make his home for a time with an uncle. Rev. Milton Bradley, Presbyterian pastor, at Richland, 38 Class of '70, University of Michigax. Kalamazoo County. Michigan. This gave opportunity to attend, for several terms, Prairie Seminary, a popular academy of that day. One of the teachers was J. C. Burrows, now United States Senator. In 1863 Bradley attended the high school in Kalamazoo for three months, graduating there in June of that year. He was now, at eighteen years of age, prepared to enter the university, but destitute of the financial wherewithal. He therefore returned to Illinois and spent two years teaching, herding sheep, etc. Septem- ber, 1865, found him at Ann Arbor. The rigid examinations re- quired of all candidates at that time he successfully passed and was enrolled with the class of 1869. With Charles E. Otis, now a judge at St. Paul, for room-mate, and all the demands of university life to attend to, two years passed rapidly. Then came a year's absence, spent in Illinois in teaching. Returning in September, 1868, he became a member of the class of "70, to continue with them till graduation day. Those were happy, profitable years, with ^Marcus Baker for chum and associated with a class composed of such royal good fellows. The influence and memories of that fellowship have followed in the subsecjuent life, becoming more holy and helpful as the years have passed. He was a member of the Alpha Nu literary society and joined the Psi Upsilon fraternity. He was one of the speakers at our Junior exhibition. After graduation a position was secured as teacher in charge of the Greek and Latin department of Patterson's Classical and jNIathematical School in Detroit. During the year spent there several promising boys completed their preparation for the uni- versity and some for Eastern colleges. The summer vacation of 1871 was spent in a trip around the lakes and in Minnesota, meeting Noble, Gilbert and Tweedy while on the way. In the fall of 1871 he became principal of the Union School at Marine City, Michigan. \Miile there he decided what had often suggested itself before, that his life work was to be the gospel ministry. In September, 1872, he was accepted as a mem- Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 39 ber of the Detroit Conference of the ]\Iethodist Episcopal Church and appointed as junior preacher on the Lexington circuit. Then followed pastorates at Port Hope, one year : ]\Iarysville, two years ; South Lyon, three years ; Henrietta and Napoleon, three years ; Oscoda, three years ; South Lyon, a second time, five years ; North- ville, two years ; Morenci, three years ; Grass Lake, five years ; and now, November, igoi, he is entering on his second year at Orion. In the 29 years of his ministry he has preached more than 4,000 times, attended at least 300 fimerals, officiated at weddings 200 times, besides attending to the many pastoral calls and special ser- vices. These have been busy, sometimes trying years, but filled with a consciousness of Divine guidance and approval. He would not have had them otherwise than they have been, except that they might have been used to a larger extent for a blessing to the com- munities where he has labored. At the close of his second pastor- ate at South Lyon, Rev. S. Calkins, a superannuated preacher, long a resident of that village, in writing for a local paper a history of that church, expressed himself as follows concerning the subject of this sketch : "Frank Bradley, yes, reader, I suppose you would say you know him, because he has been pastor here for eight years, and I have no doubt you would be willing to know him much longer than you have known him. because the longer you knew him the better you liked the acquaintance. You found out, almost in spite of himself, that he was a man of very fine natural and acquired abilities. Lie has good social parts, good preaching talent, good organizing method, in fact he is all around a well l)alanced man. But if you think he wears these on the outside as you would an overcoat, you will be disappointed. His finest qualities are not placed in a show window for the public to gaze at, they are only exhibited when necessary for some good purpose. Then they can be seen just as much as he is obliged to for the work in hand, no more. If this is a fault, he has it. I have sometimes wondered if it was a fault. He is a good and useful man. but will never elbow 40 Class of "70. Uxiversity of ^NIichigax. his way or advertise himself to gain position. \\'e shall sing his praises here for what we know him to he." October 9. 1873. Franklin Bradley married [Nliss Elizabeth Folkerts. of Algonac. ^lichigan. They have two children. ]\Iarv Blanche, born June i. 1875. and Franklin Folkerts. born ]\Iay 28. 1877. The daughter was graduated from Xorthville High School and later married Fred E. Osgood, of ^lorenci. They have three children. Dorothy. Bradley and Cassius. They live in Chicago, 'Mr. Osgood having a position with Morgan and \\'right. The son. Franklin Folkerts, was graduated from IMorenci High School and from Albion College. He has made a specialty of chemistry and assaying and is now chemist in Morgan and ^^'right■s rubber factory, Chicago. He was married in Septemlier. 1901. to ^Nliss Zoe X. Smith, of Hillsdale, Mich. Mr. Bradley writes : "The years have passed with their varied experiences. It is a blessed thing to live, running the race set be- fore us. taking our place and doing our part as revealed to us. The hallowed memories associated with those whose hearts beat in sympathy with ours in the years of our student life ofttimes flood our minds like flashes of light with much of the old cheer and delight. May all the future years of every member of the class of '70 be filled with a sense of the Divine guidance and the repose of implicit trust in Him who loves us and gave Himself for us, and who plans for all a destiny glorious beyond our best conceptions." Thomas Harper Bush, A.B. Died at Cbicago, 111., March 29, 1887. He was born April 3. 1847, ^^ Tremont. near Pekin in Taze- well Co.. Illinois. His education prior to entering the Universitv of ]Michigan in 1866. was acquired at Pekin, Washington and Geneseo in the State of Illinois, at each of which places he resided Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 41 for a time. He served his country as a soldier in the Civil War, in Co. K, 139th Reg't Illinois \'ol. Inf.. l>eing- only 18 years old at the close of the war. He pursued the full four years course at the university. He was a member of the Alpha Nu literary society, the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, the University Glee Club ; was one of the speakers at the first Sophomore exhibition and also at the Junior exhil)ition. Immediately after his graduation in 1870, he made a tour of Europe. He traveled through England and Wales on foot with two students from London ; crossed over to Dublin and visited many places of interest in Ireland ; went to Scotland where he unexpectedly met Prof. Martin L. D'Ooge, of the University of Michigan. After visiting Glasgow, Edinburgh, Sterling and Inverness, he directed his steps towards London, where he remained three weeks. He then went to Antwerp, Brussels, Cologne, Mayence and to Leipzig, where he remained four months attending lectures, studying German and liecoming acquainted with the social life of the people. March 7. '71, he left Leipzig, passed ten days at Berlin, ten at A'ienna, went thence to Trieste, thence Ijy steamer across the Adriatic to Ancona. Italy, arriving at Rome March 31. Passed a month at Rome, ten days at Naples, visiting A esuvius and Pompeii, and ten days at Florence. He then went north to Innsbruck, ]Munich, Lake Con- stance, Basel, Strasburg, arriving at Heidelberg June 12, where he stayed two months attending" lectures and studying French. j\Ir. Weisbrod, of "70. was there at the time. After a short trip on the Rhine, he joined with a numlier of American students in a walk through the Black Forest and Switzerland, spending a month in the passes and on the Alps. The party, among whom was Prof. D'Ooge, then separated near Lake Geneva. Bush went thence to Paris and after a stay of one week sailed for New York, where he arrived September 23, '71. After his return from Europe he entered upon the study of law at the L^niversitv of 3ilichigan. and later at Geneseo. 111., where he 4-2 Class of 70, University of Michigan. studied in the law office of his uncle. • He was admitted to the bar in September. "73. and commenced the practice of bis chosen pro- fession in Chicago. He taught the German department of the evening school at "Foster School House" on the west side in Chicago, from October. '73. to January. "74. He roomed with jMaltman, of '70. for two years. From ]\Iarch. '~~, to ]\Iarch. ''j'^. he was in partnership with his classmate. S. K. \\'inchell. in the pub- lication of "The Educational \\'ee.kly," and from ^Nlarch. '"j"^, to [March. '83, he was employed by Mr. A\'inchell and part of the time acting as western agent of Thompson. Erown «S: Co., Boston, publishers of school books. In '83. he bought a portion of \\'incheirs printing office and set up a job printing- establishment for himself. He owned and pi;blished a monthly paper about two years. In July, '76. he and [Nlaltman, starting from Whitehall, on the east shore of Lake [Michigan, in an open row boat ( four oars and a sail), ran along shore north to the straits of [Mackinaw and up the St. [Mary's river to the "Soo." where they visited their class- mates. Noble and Davock. In July, '~%. in the same boat with a third companion, they ran from the "Soo" north along the shore of Lake Superior to Rousseau's Landing. In July, '79, in the same boat with a third companion, they ran from Death's Door (outlet of Green Bay) south along the east shore of Green Bay to the head of the bay and then up I'ox river and across Lake Winnebago to Fond du Lac. [Mr. Fjush was highly esteemed by all who knew him. He was energetic and upright and at the time of his death was building up a valuable business. He never mar- ried. He died suddenly of consumption, [March 29, '87, and was buried at (leneseo. 111. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 43 Patrick Henry Bumpus, A.B., M.D. Died at Devereaux, Mich,, February 18, 1898. Patrick Henry Bumpus was born at Ypsilanti, ^Michigan, Jan. jflB[g^' '%j. 21, 1841, and spent his early boy- j M hood at that place. His father I |B> was Henry Hamilton Bumpus, who was born at Nelson, Madison Co., N. Y., March 23, 1807; his grandfather, Isaac Bumpus, born on Long Island, X. Y.. December 16, 1779; his great-grandfather, Seth Bumpus, born April 12, 1755, and his great-great-grand- father, Salathiel Bumpus, of Massachusetts, born June 11, 1722. It will be seen, therefore, that his ancestry runs Ijack to our Revolutionary Fathers. The members of the Bumpus family took an active and honorable part in the stirring and glorious events of those days, and they have since done their part in the rapid development of our country. His father, Henry Hamilton Bumpus, while at Xelson, X. Y., learned the shoemaker's and tanner's trade. Like most ambitious, sturdy, young men of those days, he had a desire to leave his native home and go toward the setting sun to seek his fortune. With very little money, each with an ax and an extra suit of clothes strung over the ax-handle, he and his brother, Samuel, started westward. In those days much traveling was done on foot. Having reached a small place in Chautauqua Co., X^. Y., Henry Hamilton Bumpus felt that he had gone a long way into the "Great West." In com- pany with others at that place, he engaged in the tanning business with success. After a few years he again started farther westward and located at Ypsilanti. ]\Iichigan, engaging in the boot and shoe 44 Class of '70, Uxiveksitv of IMichigax. trade, and still holding- an interest in his tanning business in the State of Xew York. In i860, he went to Jackson, jNIich., where he became a manufacturer of boots and shoes, and also a retail dealer. He was a successful man in business. He also became owner of a tannery near Tecumseh, ^Michigan. He died wdiile on a visit to the State of Xew York, leaving a substantial property to his son and daughter. Patrick Henry Bumpus, when about 16 years of age. went to work upon a farm near Ypsilanti, ^lich., and at 21 he went to Jackson. ]\Iich.. to live with his father. Vp to this time had not been much at school. He determined to have an education and at 22 he began to prepare for college at the Jackson Union School under very adverse circumstances. He desired to take a classical coiu-se, but at that time there were no facilities ofifered for such a course at the Jackson school. But with hard study under private tutors he and Chas. K. Dodge, partially prepared for a classical course in the University of Michigan. Ble went to Ann Arbor in the fall of 1865, entered with the class of 1869 in part, but in January, 1866, went to Ypsilanti. entered the Union school there and graduated in the class of 1866. He then entered the Uni- versity of ]Michigan in the fall of 1866 with the class of 1870. He joined the Literary Adelphi and the Philozetian, and was one of the speakers at the second Sophomore exhibition. Soon after graduation he married and went to Jackson to live. In 187 1-2 he attended the medical lectures at Ann Arbor. Afterwards farming, grocery business and other kinds of business were tried with various degrees of success. His marriage did not prove to be a happy one. and in 1876 he was divorced. He then again entered upon the study of medicine at the University of Michigan in the homeopathic department and was graduated in March, 1877. He practiced his profession at various places in ^lichigan. at Middle- ville, ]\Iason, Springport, Jackson Co.. Albion, Grand Station, Xewavgo Co., and Partello. Calhoun Co. During these vears he Department of Literature. Science, and Arts. 45 took an extended trip West, visiting Cheyenne, Denver, and a nunil^er of ])laces in southern Nebraska. Not liking the West he returned to All)ion, where he worked up a good practice. After- ward he attended a course of lectures at Oberlin College with a view of entering the ministry. March 28, 1888, he married Eva Jane Boyd. His second marriage proved to be a very happy one. In 1896, on account of failing health, he gave up his city practice and moved upon a farm at Devereaux, jNIich. Here he had as large a practice as he could attend to. In Xovember, 1897, he be- came afflicted with an enlargement of the heart, and dropsy, and lingered till February 18, 1898, when he passed away, leaving his wife in comfortal)le circumstances. His only child, Clara jNIay, was born September 11, 1873, and died August 21, 1881. Patrick Henry Bumpus was a man of many sterling qualities and we all learned to love him. He was genial, social and kind. His sense of humor was fine. Possessed of a good memory he was fond of reading and repeating the best poetry of our language. In domestic life he was very indulgent, generous and kind. In his practice of medicine he was extremely conscientious. No one, whatever his circumstances, was ever refused medical assistance by him, nor his most faithful services. His passing away has been a great loss to the community where he lived, as well as to us, and we sympathize with his wife and sister, wdio survive him, in the great loss thev have suffered. 46 Class of 70, University of Michigax. Charles Francis Burton, A.M., LL.B. Detroit, Mich. "Was born in Romulus, in Seneca County. Xew York, on the 8th day of Xovember, 1849. ^h' father was at that time teaching school, but later became a homeo- pathic physician, and is still living at Hastings, Michigan. ~Sly grandfather, came as a boy of seven or eight years with his father to the United States from Alanchester, England, in or about the year 1809, to Waterloo, New York, where he became a sur- ve_\-or and county lawyer, of whom it is stated that he was more than all. a student of mathematics, who would forget everything when intent upon the solution of a mathematical problem. On my mother's side. I can claim descent from \\'illiam Bradford, the first Governor of the Plymouth colony and from John Alason (Pequot Mason), who pacified the Pequot Indians in Connecticut in 1637. ]\Iy mother's name was Anna E. Munroe. and her descent on the maternal side was from the descendants of Bradford and Mason. Her family lived in Xew York, near Cayuga Lake, and at some little distance from the village of Seneca Falls. My mother died at Hastings in 1899. In 1850 or 1 85 1, my father removed from X'ew York to Battle Creek, in Michigan, where he continued to practice as a physician, and also founded and conducted for a time a paper which still con- tinues as the Battle Creek Journal. In 1853 he went overland to California, following the trail which is very nearly that of the Central Pacific Railroad, and made his first stop in California, in X'^evada County, at a place called Whiskey Diggings, a few miles DeparTxMent of Literature, Science, and Arts. 47 from the villag-e of Gibsonville, just at the foot of what is known as Pilot's Peak. After one season in CaHfornia. he conchided to return to the "States" and started l)y the water Hue, taking passage on the Yankee-Blade, a steamer that ran from San Francisco to Nicaraugua. The steamer, when about two hundred miles from San Francisco, was purposely wrecked by a l)and of pirates who had shipped at San Francisco with the intention of wrecking her. and with the intention of robbing the passengers and the ship's safe, in which there was supposed to be a considerable amount of bullion. There were eleven hundred passengers on board, and of these quite a large numl)er were drowned in attempting to escape and many of them were murdered by the pirates because of their resistance to attempted robbery. I was at this time nearly five years old, and I have (piite a vivid remembrance of the scenes, especiallv of the sinking of the vessel which had struck upon a rock, and which during the interval between the striking, at one o'clock in the afternoon and the time when I was taken off the wreck at about eleven o'clock in the evening, was slowly breaking in tW'O, and the rear part was slowly settling into the w^ater, and I have a distinct remembrance of watching the main deck as the water rose over it. We had a two weeks' struggle for existence on the coast, living on shell fish and flotsam from the w-reck, and were, then taken back to San Francisco by a small coast steamer. There was another year's stay in the mines, and a return to the States in i8S5- My father settled at Hastings, in Barry County, and took up the profession of medicine, while I took up the occupations that interested a boy who lived on the edge of a small village and whose father combined a professional life with that of a farmer. I had in part the education of a farm life, to which was added excellent school advantages, in a school which during the latter part of my school education was conducted by an able teacher, who not only took pride in his school, but took especial pride in the first boys he prepared for the university, of which he was himself a graduate. After school life there followed the universitv course, in the literary 4S Class of '70. Uxiversity of ^Iichigax. and afterward in the law department. During" the two rears of the law course. I supported myself by mathematical work for Prof. Watson, who was engaged in preparing data for a set of lunar tables. In the summer of '71 I was employed in the office of the United States Lake Survey in Detroit, in computing work and in testing- work on base line measuring apparatus. In the siunmer of 'j2, after graduating in the law department. I again entered the Lake Survey, and during that simimer assisted ^Ir. E. S. \\'heeler. to measure a base line near Fond du Lac in \Msconsin. Clark Olds was with this party. The following summer we remeasured the Kewenaw base line on Kewenaw point, about nine miles across the water from L'Anse. and twenty miles S. E. of Houghton. On my return to Detroit, in the fall of this year. I finally entered upon the practice of the law, spending a few months in the office of ]Mr. Alfred Russell, one of the leading members of the Detroit bar. ]\Iarcli 3d. 1874. I was married to Miss ^lartha Ellsworth, of Ann Arbor, and in the fall of that year formed a law partnership with ]Mr. George Gartner. The partnership lasted only about one year. I w as then for a short time alone and had begim to build tip some- thing of a practice, when ^^Ir. Russell asked my assistance in his office. I took a position with him and remained with him until 1882. In the fall of 1882. I left ^Ir. Russell, and began to devote myself specially to patent law. and on January ist. 1883. formed a partnership with ^Ir. R. A. Parker, who had determined to take up the same branch of law. Our business increased to such an extent that in 1891. we bought out the library and business of ^Ir. A\'ells Leggett, and have added to it. especially adding a digest of patents which has been almost wholly under my charge, and is now complete to date. This is the only work of the kind that has ever been made, and my office is the only place in the world out- side of the Patent Office itself, where information relating to patents and patentable inventions has been arranged and classified. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 49 This work has been Ions;" and somewhat expensive and lias been very entrancins^. My business has taken me over most of the Northeastern United States and Canada, but not South of the Ohio River or West of the ^Mississippi, althoug;h I have chents in all regions. It is now eighteen years that I have been employed exclusively in the ]M-actice of that l)ranch of the law which relates to patents and inventions, and in that eighteen years 1 have had occasion to meet very many of the aljlest attorneys in the United States, and have been called upon to travel over a large section of the country. One of the early cases that I was engaged in was an important one in a legal sense, because it determined the rights of a person as afifected by the mistake of the Commissioner of Patents, in the issuing of the paper granting i)atent rights, through some over- sight the Secretary of the Interior had not signed the ])aper which was issued as a supposed patent ; suit was brought upon this be- fore the failure to sign was discovered and after suit was brought and the fact was discovered, the paper was returned to the Patent Office and signed, it so happened that the same man, Mr. Carl Shurz, who had ])een secretary when the paper should have been signed, was then Secretary of the Interior, but there had been an interim between the time when the paper should have been signed and the time when it actually was signed, during which Mr. Shurz liad l)een out of office. I'he paper was actually signed by an assistant who had all the time remained on duty, as an assistant Secretary of the Interior, this brought up several very curious questions, all of which were decided in accordance with the con- tention I made, holding the paper to be a void paper. I think this is the most complicated legal question that I have been in, which has gone to the Supreme Court of the United States, but I have assisted in the argument before that court in several cases involv- ing considerable money and have argued or assisted in the argu- ment of quite a number of cases in the Court of Appeals. 50 Class of "70, University of ^Michigan. In the business in which I have been engaged I have been brought into close connection with many different classes of men. and have seen some of them make rapid and large fortunes as a result of their invention and business capacity, I have had some opportunities to become interested in patents which subsequently brought large prices, but have as yet not succeeded in having any large interest when the price was realized. I have had disclosed to me a great many ideas, some of which seem to be extremely valuable, but the most of which were of no great value. At the present time the inventive mind is nmning more to con- structive details and to commercial development of ideas, and it is onlv occasionally that any one announces any radical advance, nevertheless, altogether the advance in invention during the time I have been interested in its study has been far greater than in any corresponding period in the history of the world, and it is alto- gether probable that the advance in the succeeding thirty years will far surpass that of the thirty years just past. It is impossible to foresee along what lines the advance will be made, as much so, as thirty years ago it would have been impossible to foresee that we would 1)e riding behind electrically propelled cars, speaking- over electrical conducting wires, and even speaking and com- municating through space wnth no connecting means except the unseen ether. It is probable there will be great advance in this science of electricity. Aly family consists of my wife and two daughters, one of twenty-one and the other of twenty-seven years of age at this writing, l)oth of whom were unable to fully complete their educa- tional course as I desired, because of their failure in health just at the time when they would have put the finish on, and I con- cluded that good health was even more valuable than graduation papers. They are both of them, however, of exceptional ability and will fill their alloted position in life with satisfaction." Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 51 George Throop Campau^ A.B., LL.B. Died at Detroit, Mich., February 5, 1879. (Written by his sou Woolsey Canipaii.) George Throop Campau was born at Detroit. Mich.. July 29th, 1847. On the father's side his ancestors were among the early French settlers who accompanied Cadillac, and assisted in founding Detroit. His paternal grand- mother was a member of the Mc- Dougall family to whom George III. of England granted Belle Isle in 1767 as a recompense for Capt. Geo. McDougall's military ser- vices. Alexander M. Campau, his father was a member of the first class at the University of Michi- gan. His mother's maiden name was Eliza S. Throop, a family distinguished in the political life of Xew York state in the first part of the century. Both parents are living in Detroit. Mr. Campau being engaged in the management of his estate. George T. Campau passed his boyhood in Detroit, graduating from the preparatory and high schools, and entered the University of Michigan with the class of '70. He was a prominent member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. He was one of the speakers at the first Sophomore exhibition, also at the Junior exhibition ; was one of the editors of the Oracle ; was a member of the Alpha Nu literary society. Two of his brothers attended the university at the same time. He was class orator at the graduating exercises, and unveiled the statue of Ijenjamin Franklin, which, till quite recently, was a landmark on the campus, and was class orator at the first reunion of the class in 1873. 52 Class of '70. Uxiversity of Michigan. After graduation, in July. 1870. he went to Germany with the intention of taking a course of civil law at the University of Berlin. While he was on the ocean, the Franco-Prussian war broke out, and the German packet on which he was traveling, barely escaped capture by a French cruiser by running into Plymouth. During the first part of the war he had an interesting experience ; he was visiting a lady connected by marriage, the wife of Gen. von Steinecker, when the Queen, afterwards the Empress Augusta, who was an intimate friend of ^Madame von Steinecker, came out from Berlin to spend the day, both women having the same anxietv, as each had a husband and son at the front. The Queen liked the young man, and as the three were there alone, he was thrown with royalty on a more informal footing than often falls to the lot of a civilian. He was in Berlin during the first part of the war, but the clos- ing of the universities changing his plans, he returned and entered the Albany (X. Y. ) Law School, where he took his degree. He continued his law studies in the office of D. C. Holbrook, Esq., of Detroit, and later became associated as a law partner with H. L. Baker, Esq., and practiced his profession until his death, which occurred February 5, 1879. The Detroit Tribune of February 6, '79- thus speaks of him : •'George Campau, a promising young member of the bar died Yesterday. Alxjut two months ago he submitted to a surgical operation for an internal cancerous tumor. Already considerably prostrated by the ravages of the disease he withstood the effects of the operation quite as well as had been anticipated, and rapidly gained in strength thereafter. The wound healed apparently with success and there was every indication of his permanent recovery. He had become able to walk about and to ride out, and his friends looked happily to the future. But on Sunday he grew alarmingly worse, inflammation set in and he passed away at an early hour vesterdav. Deceased was a son of Alexander '\l. Campau. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 53 He had obtained a standing- at the bar unprecedented for one of his years and experience. He had a fine mind, industrious and stuchous hal)its and al)ihties in argument lief ore a court or jury, which inchcated that he was to take rank among the first mem- bers of the bar. He was frank and manly in his bearing and had genial social qualities which made him a favorite wherever he went. His untimely death is a sad blow to his parents who had reason to take great pride in the promise of his future, and to his personal friends and professional associates by whom he was much beloved. He was enthusiastic in athletic sports, particularly in boating and was last year president of the Detroit Boat Club. The members of the Detroit bar took appropriate action relative to his death, and attended his funeral in a body." On April 24th, 1873, ^^^ married Miss Mary Livingstone Woolsey, daughter of Commodore Melancthon Brooks Woolsey, U. S. N., who was the son of Commodore Melancthon Taylor Woolsey, C S. N. They had four children, Melancthon Woolsey, born July 14, 1874; Alexander Macomb, born December 2, 1876; Elise, born January ly, 1878; and George Throop, born xA.pril 4th, 1879. The two oldest sons were students at the university, and it may be interesting" to note in this connection, that almost the entire family for three generations have called Michigan their Alma Mater, a record which, at this date, has probably few parallels. After graduation in 1897 from the engineering department Wool- sey Campau took up his profession in Detroit ; Macomb Campau has for several years been a special agent of the Xorthwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co. at Detroit ; George Throop is in busi- ness in California ; and the widow and dausrhter reside in Detroit. 54. Cl-ASS OF 70. UXIVERSITY OF ^IlCHIGAX. Oscar James Campbell, A.M., Ph.B., LL.B. Cleveland, O. CJscar James Campbell was born April 27. 1846. at Cuba, Xew ^ ork. His forefathers belonged to the Clan Campbell in Scotland, who now look to the Duke of Argyle as their chief. His im- mediate ancestors, however, came to America before the French and Indian War. and when the Revolutionar_\- War liroke out in 1776. many of the clan had settled in Cherry \ alley, not far west of Albany. They took up arms on the side of the colonists and one, Col. Campbell. fell mortally wounded in the battle of Oriskanv. The Campbells have continued to reside in Cherry A alley and vicinitv. They have prospered and multiplied, luitil now it may be said, half of the people of Otsego County, in the State of Xew York, are relatives of the subject of this sketch. A few years after the war of 1812 had come to a close, Capt. Robert Campbell, having lost his wife and two dattghters, took his three sons and journeyed on horseback into what was then the \\'estern wilderness. They settled in Ctiba. and commenced to hew their fortunes out of the unbroken forest, "where the woods were full of catamounts, and Indians red as deer." The location was at the head waters of the Genesee and Allegheny rivers, the lieginning of the Allegheny mountains. The hills there are lofty and the valleys narrow, the soil is thin and mostly hard- pan, and the fields so covered with stones that a bo\- can walk on them all day without once touching foot to the ground. It used to be said the farmers had to file the noses of their sheep to make Detartment of Literature, Science, and Arts. 55 them sharp enough to get the grass between the stones. Under such unfavorable conditions this old Yankee Scotchman and his three sons went to work with true Scotch grit, to make themselves homes in the wilderness. The oldest son sought more congenial surroundings in Michigan ; the youngest succumbed to the struggle and died. The other son, James ]\Iore Campl)ell, fought it out, living to a serene old age, and died in Cuba, respected by all. He married Melinda Morey. Of their family, Oscar James was the eighth of nine children. Oscar says he remembers going to school at the little red school house over the hill, when he was two years old, and cannot remember when he could not read. By this time the forest has given place to the farm, and the boy's early years were spent "growing up on a farm." Being a younger one among so many, he received plenty of needful dis- cipline. At twelve he had outgrown the "Deestrict Skule," and was sent for two winters to Alfred Academy, which is now known by the more pretentious name of Alfred University. An older sister had married the superintendent of the public schools at Ravenna, Ohio, so at fourteen he went to live with this sister. For three years he attended the Ravenna High School, and there pre- pared for college. In the summer of 1863, he went onto a farm near Ravenna, to gain new strength and renew his vigor. The old farmer had forgotten he was ever young. He thought boys weve made only for work. This boy was called at 5 a.m., worked two hours before breakfast, digging weeds in the garden, then he spent the rest of the day in the hay iield ; supper at 6 p.m., then to make him sleep well, he was given a scythe and sent to mow out the fence corners till 8 p.m. After a week or ten da}s of farming, Oscar became sufficiently strong and vigorous to tell the old man he would resign and try city life. The old man did not hesitate to say he thought Oscar was going straight to destruction. Oscar thought nothing could be more destructive than the life he was leading, and shook forever the dust of farming off his feet. Eight weeks he spent in a candy store in Cleveland, manufacturing, eat- ing and selling candy. 56 Class of '70, Uxinersitv of jNIichigax. The war was on in all its fury and September. 1863. found him established as a paymaster's clerk in the City of Washington. Here for two years he saw much of the panoply of war. Every- thing about Washington became as familiar to him as the farms of his native hills. Many times he attended President Lincoln's levees, and took him by the hand. Often he visited the capitol and attended the sessions of congress. After the battle of the \Mlder- ness, man}- of the wounded were brought to Washington. All one night he assisted the Christian Commission at the landing, handing out a sandwich and a cup of hot coffee to the wounded soldiers as they came from the transports. In the summer of 1864. when Gen. Earl}" invested Washington, a whole brigade of clerks in the War Department was organized, and he became the drum- mer of Company G. War Department Rifles. Early was beaten oil without this regiment firing a gun. but the drill was kept up all that year. In October. 1864, when Grant's army was facing Lee's at Petersburg, he went with the paymaster to pay. The trip was delightful, past [Mount \ ernon. Portress Monroe, and up the James river to City Point, where he saw General Grant. The trip was not without one incident which he has always remembered. One regiment to l)e paid was in the extreme front. Across an open field a short distance were rebel batteries. A bomb-proof is a log house of one room six or eight feet high, half below the level of the ground, logs over the top, the sides and top covered with dirt and sods, and the side open away from the enemy. In the bottom of a bomb-proof the paymaster had a table covered with greenbacks and pay rolls, and he and the clerk were busy handing out the monev. The soldiers were brought up in squads, which made a group plainly visible from the rebel lines. After an hour or so the rebel batteries opened fire on that bomb-proof, which made a scattering. Their guns were well trained, one shot hit a corner knocking it out. down came dirt and splinters, and there was a general mix-up of greenbacks, pay rolls, dirt, stone, officers and tables in the bottom of that bomb-proof. Some outside were wounded. A battery to the left and rear opened and drew the fire Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 57 of the rebel guns away from this spot. This opportunity was siezed to gather up the greenbacks, and to the music of shot and shell the paymaster and his clerk retired to a less conspicuous position. In August, 1865, just at the close of the war. the Major was ordered to go to Norfolk and get a million dollars in govern- ment bonds. Oscar went with him. The bonds were all counted, packed in a trunk, receipts given, and the treasure placed in a state room on the boat. A little after dark the boat stopped at Fortress Monroe, where a gang of rough characters came on board. The Major did not like the aspect of affairs, for the movements of paymasters were watched, and guerrillas and rebel sympathizers had captured several with their money in the vicinity of Washing- ton. As soon as the boat left the dock to steam up the Chesapeake to Baltimore, the Major paymaster tried to get a guard, but to his horror, he found the boat was full of roughs, and only a corporal's guard of a half dozen on board, all of whom were required to keep order below. To make it still more interesting, it was learned the cargo consisted largely of whiskey in barrels. The Major finally secured one soldier for a guard. It was agreed the ]\Iajor should stand guard outside with the soldier and the clerk inside the state- room with the money, till midnight, and then change off, the clerk taking the outside and the Major the inside. About 1 1 :co p.m., the gang below, having filled up pretty well on whiskey, attacked the guard. In the riot the guard Ijelow was getting worsted. When one came rushing up the stairs covered with blood, the Major pushed his lone guard into the state room with the clerk and the money, so no one could tell which door was guarded, and drew his revolver, prepared to shoot down all comers. Inside the clerk sat on the trunk with drawn revolver, and the soldier stood with fixed bayonet at the door. In the midst of the melee, one of the gang falling out of the forward gangway, went under the wheel and was never seen more. This cjuieted the rioters some- what, the guard gained control again, and the treasure was saved. The clerk sat on that trunk all the way from Baltimore to Wash- ington with his hand on his revolver. The dome of the capitol Class of 70, University of Michigan. never looked so grand as when approaching- the citv, and Oscar never felt so light-hearted as he did that day. Avhen those bonds were safe in the treasury. He heard Lincoln deliver his second inaugural address. He roomed only a block or two from Ford's theater, and passed there a half hour before the assassination. The President's body guard, composed of a troop of cavalry, were then in the street in front. He marched in the procession at the funeral. The grand review of the armies at ^^'ashington. at the close of the war. he saw. All one day Grant's army of the Potomac marched, and all the next day Sherman's western army passed in review. AMien September's golden month came, Oscar entered the Uni- versity of ^Michigan, scientific, in the class of 1869. The summer following his Freshman year, he spent as assistant engineer on the U. S. Lake Sur\-ey. Three months he spent on the south shore of Lake Superior, from ]vlarquette to the Huron Islands, with a boat's crew, taking the soundings which were afterwards embodied in the government chart for navigation. Two months he was \\ith a party of engineers on Kewenaw Point, measuring a base line for the triangulation of the lake. He changed to the classical course in the Sophomore year, which brought him into the class of '70. In college he was not a member of "the lower house facultv," but "always went to chapel regular," and belonged to the '70 glee club. It is said the memory of that glee club still lingers in Michigan. He was a member of the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity, and of the literary Adelphi society. During the Senior year, Prof. Frieze was acting president, and he had a choir organized for chapel. It fell to Oscar to select the hymns. At the end of the examinations in the mid year, there were always some in the lower classes who fell by the wayside. There are those who still remember with what feeling the choir sang on that occasion, "Why do we mourn de- parted friends?" To let him down easy for spending five years in college, instead of four, the faculty gave him two degrees, A.B. and Ph.B. He was one of the speakers at Commencement exer- cises. After '7o"s last supper at Hangsterfer's, at which W'eisbrod spoke briefly and to the point, and the boys had scattered to the Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 59 ends of the earth, Campbell remained l)ehind. That year he tano-ht mathematics in the Ann Arbor High School, with a little natural philosophy and chemistry mixed in, and an occasional song for spice. In June, 187 1, he entered the law office of Hutchins & Inger- soll, one of the prominent law firms of Cleveland. He continued his law studies there until September 10, 1872, wdien he was ad- mitted to the bar of Ohio. That fall he entered the law department of University of Michigan, wdiere he took his LL.B. the spring of 1873. In February. 1873, unsolicited by him, he was appointed deputy clerk of the Court of Common Pleas of Cleveland. In July of the same year he was also made deputy clerk of the Superior Court of Cleveland, just organized, and placed in charge of that court. May i, 1874, he entered into partnership with Hon. John Hutchins, and John C. Hutchins, under the firm name of Hutchins & Campbell, and took up the active practice of his profession. The elder Hutchins had lieen a prominent man of afli'airs for a genera- tion, an anti-slavery agitator with Giddings, Wade, Sherman and Chase, and twice had been a representative in congress. The younger Hutchins has since been a judge in two different courts, and held other public positions with honor. This firm had an ex- tensive business and its reputation was among the best. In July, 1875, being w^earied with work, and weak in eyes, he took a trip for his health with a party of a half dozen friends. They visited Niagara, across Lake Ontario to Toronto, down the rapids of the St. Lawrence to Montreal, thence to Quebec, back to Montreal, and to Albany, via Lakes Champlain and George. A day trip was made on the Hudson to Xew York, thence back to Cleveland. The great event of his life occurred June 20, 1876, at the Euclid Avenue Presbyterian Church, when he married Fannie Fuller. She be- longed to an old and prominent family of Cleveland. Her life has been full of good works, much of her time having been given to others, and all her life she has been devoted to free kindergartens and day nurseries for poor children. In the course of time his firm became the owners of a coal mine, 60 Class of 70, University of Michigan. and it fell to him to manage that hranch of the bnsiness. Begin- ning in 1880, for seven years he ran a coal mine, that is. sometimes he ran the mine, and sometimes the mine ran him. The first time he went to pay. he stood at the mouth of the mine with the monev in a satchel. It was after dark, and a dim light showed the out- lines of the men as they came from the depth below, each with a small lamp on the vizor of his cap. With their blackened faces and flickering lights, they looked like the imps of darkness. Everv man said his pay was wrong. As the crowd increased, the excite- ment grew, every tongue but American was heard on everv side, emphasized with gestures whose import could not be mistaken. A riot was only averted by his shouting all mistakes would be cor- rected, and the money paid in the morning, and his beating a hasty retreat through the darkness to the hotel. A new pay roll was made up that night, and the next morning ever}- man given every- thing he asked. He took the first train for Cleveland a sadder but wiser man. Once when in the mine, a half mile from the entrance, an explosion set fire to the gas, and but for the presence of mind and c[uick action of the superintendent, who was present, his career would have closed then and there. In 1882, with two or three others, he exploited an invention for making turnbuckles, by a new process. It proved a great success. The cost of production was so much reduced, turnbuckles came into such general use in car Iniilding that it is now an exception to see a car on any rail- way without them. With him music has always had charms to soothe his savage breast. He belonged to a singing family, and from boyhood, whenever he opened his mouth, he had to sing. \\'hen '70 were Freshmen, the cantata of Esther was given in Ann Arbor, under the direction of Prof. Pease, of the Alichigan State Normal School. Campbell sang in those choruses, and also took the part of Harbonah. Soon after Prof. Pease brought out his operatta of Enoch Arden ; Campbell was invited to sing in that, and was given the part of the Sea Captain. The next two years he sang many times in Enoch Arden, in Ypsilanti and other cities of Michigan. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 61 In his Senior year his singing was confined mostly to the Uni- versity Glee Cliih, which was composed of "70 hovs. In the sum- mer of 1871 on going to Cleveland, he hecame a member of the Harmonic Society. This organization gave the opera of Martha that fall with great success. In the winter the opera of Somnam- bula was l)rought out. Oscar sang in both these operas, acting in the last as the leader of the chorus. The Harmonic Society having gone the way of all the earth, in the spring of 1873 he be- came a charter member of the Cleveland \'ocal Society. This society had an active membership of about forty, selected on ex- amination with the aim to admit only the best singers. The presi- dent was a prominent citizen, chosen for dignity ; the vice-presi- dent was the executive officer chosen from the active members. The society gave three concerts each year to its honorary members only, and occasionally appeared at a public function, such as the dedication of the Garfield monument. The societv grew to a hundred members, and at the time of the May festivals, had an orchestra of sixty pieces and an augmented chorus of another hundred. Campbell was a member of the board of directors, and at the time of the musical festivals, the vice-president. May musical festivals were given in 1880, 1882 and 1884. Three even- ing and two afternoon concerts were given. The best soloists were obtained, like Myron W. Whitney and Ann Louise Gary. The oratorio of the Messiah was given at one, and Elijah at another. At one, the composer, Max Brttch, came from Berlin and con- ducted the giving of his own work. All of these festivals proved successful in the character of the work done, in the vast audiences in attendance, and in the financial reward. Campbell took part in them all, and as an officer devoted mtich time and energy to their accoitiplishment. He then resigned, leaving the society in a pros- perous condition with overflowing treasury. He has appeared only once since when, with a half dozen others of the charter mem- bers, he sang at the concert given by the society on its twenty- fifth anniversary. He has a son, Oscar James Campbell, Jr., in Harvard, who 62 Class of 70, University of Michigan. completed the literary course in June, 1902. Another son, Charles Fuller Campbell, is a Freshman at Alichigan University, and his only daughter, Jean Campbell, graduated in June, 1902, from Aliss Mittleberger's school, Cleveland, receiving a certificate admitting her to college. In religion he is a Presbyterian, not blue ; in politics, a repub- lican, not rabid. He lives in the top of a six story apartment, a "little lower than the angels." If any one doubts it, let him ask Noble, he has been there. His wife, at this point in the story, exclaims, "A'anity of vani- ties, all is vanitv," and the machine runs down. Charles Simeon Carter, B.S., LL.B. Milwaukee, Wis. Born in a log cabin in the town of ]\Ietomen, near the pres- ent village of Fairwater, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, March 31, 1846, his parents having then Init recently pre-empted a quarter section of government land and located there as farmers. Charles S. was the second white child l)orn in that township. Whether or not his advent stimulated the inhabitants of the territory (then about 150,000) to apply for ad- mission as a state, it is certain that, during the first week follow- ing his birth, they voted in favor of the proposition which resulted two years later in the Territory of Wisconsin assuming the dignity of statehood. His father, Jacob Carter, born June 2, 181 3, in Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 63 Lnncnlnirg'h, W orcester Co., Mass., was descended from John Rogers, the mart^yr at Smithfield during Queen Mary's reign. The Bible owned by Rogers at the time of his death is carefuUy pre- served in a glass case by a branch of the Carter family in New York City. Jacob Carter moved to Erie Co., Penn., at i8 years of age, and to Wisconsin in 1844, ^i^d passed the remainder of his life upon the above mentioned farm, which he owned at the time of his •death, September 29, 1890. The mother of Charles S., Elizabeth (Wasson) Carter, was Ijorn February 13, 1818, at Londonderrv, N. H. ; was married to Jacob Carter July 17, 1833; became the mother of twelve children, five of whom are still living. She re- sides with a daughter, Mrs. Eliza B. Gregg, at Wauwatosa, near Milwaukee, and is in her 85th year. She remembers, and relates that she saw, when she was about seven years old, her great- grandfather. Col. William Gregg, dressed in his old regimental uniform worn by him in the Revolutionary \\3.v. He was at the battle of Bunker Hill, and connnanded the vanguard of the forces imder General Stark at the battle of Bennington. He died in 1825. Her grandfather was a captain in the War of 1812. Her father was a colonel in the State ^Militia. During the Civil War, 1861-5, four of her sons, Capt. George W., 4th Wis.; James W., 3d Wis. Battery ; Lieut. Harrison D., 32d Wis., and Charles S., 4th Wis., and her brother, James Wasson, 4th \\'is., bore their several parts in the great conflict. Charles S. Carter lived at home on the farm until he was 15 years of age, helping in the farm work of clearing, fencing and breaking up the virgin soil. This recjuired hard work with the means then at hand on the frontier. The first breaking and turn- ing of the soil was accomplished with from four to eight yokes of oxen hitched to a heavy "breaking plow" — oxen then being the main reliance of farmers in the new western country. During the winter seasons he attended the district school, and in his fifteenth year, in 1861, he attended Ripon College for two terms. The breaking out of the war stirred the blood of both old and young, and in the winter of '61-2, he joined the 4th Wis. Vol. fnf. at 64 Class of '70, Uxiversitv of ^Michigan. Baltimore, ^h\., in which regiment his brother, George \\\, was captain of Company B, with intent to be enrolled, but being, in the opinion of his brother, too young to undertake the arduous duties of a soldier he was induced to accept employment as a civilian as captain's clerk and later as assistant to the sutler of the regiment, in which employments he encountered all the hardships incident to a soldier's life during his service with the regiment. Exposed life in a tent and, later, in barracks, in midwinter, and the scenes in and around the historic city of Baltimore presented to his youthful mind a striking contrast to the backwoods life to which theretofore he had been accustomed : and this, together with the excitements and uncertainties of war. the daily accounts of battles fought — of victories and of defeats — were to him as the dawn of a new era — the opening up of a new world of existence. While at Baltimore he visited Fort !McHenry overlooking the har- bor. Here some of the unexploded shells thrown into the fortress from the British war vessels during the bombardment in 18 14 were pointed out to him. and also the flagstaff from which dur- ing the same conflict floated the stars and stripes, a glimpse of which inspired Francis S. Key, while a prisoner on a British vessel in the distance, to write "The Star Spangled Banner." In February, '62, the regiment was ordered to Old Point Com- fort, where it landed and camped under the walls of Fortress Monroe, within which a little more than three years later, all that was left of the Confederacy. Jeft'erson Davis, commenced a term of two years' imprisonment. After encamping for two weeks at Newport Xews the regiment was ordered to join General Butler's expedition to the Gulf of Mexico, sailing from Hampton Roads only one day prior to the arrival at that place of the Confederate iron-clad Merrimac in its destructive career, which, all the world knows, was suddenly and effectually checked by the famous little ^Monitor in the memorable conflict between those two vessels on jMarch 9, 1862. As the mammoth transport, "Constitution," carry- ing the 4th Wis., 6th Mich., 21st Ind., and Xims' Alass. Battery — 3,600 men in all, with their baggage, equipment and horses — Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 65 steamed down past Sewell's Point, the Confederate batteries there opened fire with a view of sinking the ship and its Hving cargo. Some of the threatening missiles passed over the lioat, phmging into the water beyond, while others fell short, doing no damage. The transport continued on down past the "Rip Raps" and out to sea, arriving at Ship Island, off the Mississippi coast, in the Gulf of Mexico, March 13, 1862. Continued exposure to winds and storms of the ocean voyage, and the lack of fresh water and whole- some food brought on a severe attack of typhoid fever which threatened to prove fatal to Charles S., but his rugged constitution acquired on the farm brought him through a most dangerous sick- ness, lasting about six weeks. He then gradually regained health, although not in time to accompany the regiment on its voyage with the victorious army up the Mississippi River to New Orleans. Having been left behind on Ship Island with others on the sick list, after a partial recovery, he started with them, by boat, ]\Iay 21, 1862, for New Orleans In- way of Lake Pontchartrain to re- join the regiment. While passing into the lake from the Gulf, Mr. Carter says, there was suddenly presented to his view what seemed to him in his then enfeebled condition one of the most beau- tiful and enchanting scenes he had ever beheld. Flowers in great profusion, with every color and tint of the rainbow, clustered here and there upon a carpet of green, which was shaded by trees thick with foliage, in which carolled birds of strange but gorgeous plumage. He attributes his rapid recovery of health and strength to the stimulus furnished In' the ecstacies into which he was sud- denly thrown l)y this striking contrast between the barren sands of Ship Island and this paradise of flowers. After a day's rest at Algiers, on the Alississippi River opposite New Orleans, the little band of 30 convalescents started up the river on a small transport to join the regiment, which had gone upon an expedition to open the Alississippi River as far north as Mcksburg. For two days and nights, without gunboat escort, and with but one cannon and 30 rifles for self-protection, they pushed on up the river alone, through the enemy's country. Although repeatedly fired upon 66 Class of '70. Uxixersitv of ^Michigan. from the river bank, they escaped serious casuakies. but came near being taken prisoners at Baton Rouge where they stopped at the wharf, expecting to hnd Union troops, but the troops had g^one farther up the river, leaving no garrison at this point. Soon after tving up at the dock a company of 300 mounted Confederates rode up. but the hawsers were quickly cut. allowing the transport to float down the river and out of their reach. The journey was con- tinued up the ^Mississippi until a little above the mouth of Red River, where the Union troops and gunboat fleet were met return- ing to Baton Rouge. ]\Ir. Carter went with a second expedition to \'icksburg and there witnessed the bombardment of that place for about three weeks by Commodore Porter's mortar fleet, and also witnessed Admiral Farrag'ut's fleet of gunboats run by the City of Mcksburg in July. 1862. amid a heavy storm of shot and shell from the shore batteries. He also witnessed the commence- ment of the work on the canal or "cut oft'" across the point of land opposite A'icksburg into which the channel of the ^lississippi was eventually turned, leaving Mcksburg almost an inland city, having an approach by water only from below. The troops re- turned to Baton Rouge the latter part of July in time to repel, with great loss, an attack upon the city by the forces under General Breckenridge. on August 5th. 1862. The commander of the Union forces. General Williams, was killed in this battle. Following this engagement the troops were ordered to the vicinity of Xew Orleans to protect that city from an attack by land forces, and encamped below CarroUton upon the grounds used in later vears for the Xew Orleans Exposition. !Mr. Carter attended this ex- position and noted the wonderful changes on these grounds brought about in the space of twenty years, which strikingly illus- trated the contrast between scenes of war and those of peace. In a few months the activity of the enemy required the presence of the troops in other localities and they returned to Baton Rouge: but in February. 1863. the command was ordered to Indian village on Bayou Plaquemine along which Longfellow's sad but faithful Evangeline passed in her lonely canoe in search for her Department of Literature. Science, and Arts. 67 banished lover. In after years while on a summer tour in Xova Scotia Mr. Carter was shown the scenes of her girlhood, whence she had departed on her venturesome but successful journey. The object of the movement down the river being accomplished the troops returned to Baton Rouge. For months at a time Charles S. had sole charge of the sutler's store in camp and made frequent trips to New Orleans to purchase supplies, having full authority to buy wdiatever he might think advisable for the store. Mr. Carter being in ill health left for his home in Wisconsin, via Xew Orleans and Xew York, in the month of March, 1863, at the age of 17. He traveled entirely alone without an acquaintance, except such as he made on the way. He left Baton Rouge March 29th, and New Orleans jNIarch 31st; passed Mobile Bay April 1st; stopped at Pensacola Bay April 2d; visited Fort Pickens on Santa Rosa Island ; stopped several hours at Key West on April 5th and visited Fort Taylor at that place ; arrived at Port Royal April 9th ; passed through the blockading fleet ofi" Charleston the same day and arrived in New York April 12th; visited relatives in Pennsylvania ; stopped one day at Niagara Falls, arriving home April 25th. a little less than a month from the time he started on the trip. He remained at home recuperating until September, 1863, when he went to Chicago and entered Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College, completing a full course, including tele- graphy, in March. 1864. He then started for Chattanooga, Tenn., where his brother, James, in the 3d Wis. Battery, was stationed, but at that time he was not permitted by the military authorities to go south of Nashville, Tenn. Here he obtained employment in the ot^ce of Auditor of the U. S. Military Railroads, in which capacitv he served for a year and a half. Here he had the un- expected pleasure of meeting his brother, Harrison, of the 32d Wis. Regt., whom he had not seen for nearly three years, and who was on his way south with dispatches for General Sherman. Dur- ing his stay at Nashville Charles S. made a trip to Chattanooga and Lookout Mountain, and a 4th July trip with a party to Alam- moth Cave. He was at Nashville at the time of the battle there 68 Class of '70, University of jMichigan. between General Hoocrs forces and the Union forces under General Thomas. In the fall of 1865, he resigned his position at Nashville and accepted a position offered him as assistant to the Judge Advocate at military headquarters of the District of Illinois at Springfield, where he remained until the spring of 1866. The war being over and having made up his mind to go through college, if possible, he returned home in that year and pursued a preparatory course of a few months at Ripon College, entering the University of Michigan in the same fall with the class of "70. Alwut a week before he started for Ann Arbor, in 1866, his brother, Alvin, only two years his junior, was buried and within two weeks after Charles S. entered the university his brother, Harrison, two years his senior, was taken away bv the same dread disease — typhoid fever. The loss of these two beloved brothers weighed heavily upon him during the greater part of his college life, but the kind and considerate treatment he received from his classmates did nmch to lighten his sorrow. They elected him treasurer of the class the first year and president the second year. He was a member of the Literary Adelphi, of which he became liljrarian and afterwards secretary. He was secretary of the students' lecture association. He entered into the spirit of college life and formed close friendships with his classmates, which he believes still exist as to those who are living, and terminated only with the deaths of those who have passed on. In his Junior year Mr. Carter, at the annual convention at Detroit, was elected secretary of the "Associated Western Literary Societies." His duties as such secretary was to correspond with and engage prominent lecturers for the various lecture associations in the principal cities of the West belonging to the union. This work he performed w'hile pursuing his regular studies in his class and thereliy earned a portion of his college expenses. He was elected by the class as one of the editors of the Oracle in the Sophomore year, and as one of the editors of the Uiik'crsity Chronicle in the Junior year. \\'as appointed as one of the speakers at the "'Sophomore Ex." and also at the "Junior Ex." Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 69 He passed his summer vacations at manual labor in the harvest field. Immediately after graduation Mr. Carter was invited by the managers of the "American Literary Bureau," of New York, an agency for lecturers, readers, concert and opera companies, to take charge of its branch office at Chicago. Here he remained about one year and was then called to New York City as secretary and treasurer and manager of the Bureau. For nine years he re- mained with the American Literary Bureau and during that time was brought into business relations with many prominent men and women of the platform whose personal acquaintance he enjoyed. Among these may be mentioned Wendell Phillips, Bayard Taylor, George William Curtis, E. L. Youmans, Carl Schurz. Henry Ward B>eecher, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Donald G. Mitchell, Paul B. Du Chaillu, John G. Saxe, Grace Greenwood, Julia Ward Howe, Theodore Tilton, John B. Gough, Gen. Judson Kilpatrick, Washington Gladden, Edward Eggleston, Elizabeth Cady Stan- ton, Susan B. Anthony, John G. Holland, Schuyler Colfax, Charles Sumner, Frederick Douglass, T. De Witt Talmage, Kate Field, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Richard S. Storrs, W. W. Storey, James Anthony Froude, Wilkie Collins, Edmund Yates, Charles Bradlaugh, Richard A. Proctor, Emily Faithfull, Martin Farquhar Tupper, Gerald Massey, Justin McCarthy, John Hay, ''Mark Twain," "Petroleum V. Nasby," "Josh Billings," Bret Harte, Anna E. Dickinson, James T. Fields, John W. Forney, Mary A. Livermore, George Vandenhoff, James E. Murdoch, and many others. He traveled with Richard A. Proctor, arranging for his lectures on astronomical subjects in all the principal cities of the L'nited States, accompanying him as far as San Francisco, on his way to Australia. The Bureau employed Henry Ward Beecher to give 17 lectures in the West on 17 consecutive nights (excepting Sundays) and guaranteed and paid him $17,000 for the trip, clearing $5,000 in the three weeks. The Bureau engaged Theodore Tilton for a series of 200 lectures in one season and paid him $20,000 for them, making a profit of $io,ooo' on the venture. ]\Iany other enterprises of a similar nature were carried through, some with profit, others with losses. ro ■ Class of '70, University of ]\Ik iucax. }klr. Carter road law in the office of l-lllitnt I\ Shcphenl. a son- in-law of Win. 11. Xandorliilt. ami entered Lohnnhia Law School. Xew \'ork I'ity. in the tall of 1877. and was graduated therefrom in May, 1S71): was then admitted to practice in all the courts of the State of Xew York and opened an office in Xew \'ork City; carried on his professional work there until May. 1885, when he removeil to Milwaukee. Wis. He was admitted to practice at the ^\'isconsin har and liefore the I'^ederal Conns and has hecn con- tinuall}' enj;ai;ed in law practice in Milwaukee ever since 1885. On February 17. 1890. he was appointed assistant Cnited States district attorne\- for the Eastern District oi Wisconsin and con- tinued in that position until June 2. 1804. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church: a member of Kilboiu-n Lodge. Xo. 3. F. & A. ]M.. Milwaukee, of which he is a Past Master: is a member of Kilbourn Chapter. Xo. 1. R. A. M., ^Milwaukee, of which he is a Past High Priest : is a memlier of Ivanhoe Conuuandery, Xo. J4. Milwaukee, in which he has served as Prelate: is a member of Wisconsin L'onsistory, and is a mem- ber of Tripoli Temple. A. A. O. X. M. S.. Milwaukee: is a mem- ber of Milwaukee County P>ar Association ami of the Wisconsin State Bar Association : also a member of WisctMisin Commamlery of the ^lilitary Carder of the Loyal Legion of the I'nited States by inheritance from his brother. Lieutenant Llarrisou D. Carter. In politics he is a Republican. He married ]Miss ^lary Ella X'oorheis. o\ (irand Rapids. Mich., formerly of Ann Arbor. March 31, 1873. Their children are Lillian M. and L'harles K., both of whom passed through the high school and were graduated from the State Normal School at Mil- waukee. Lillian 'SI. is employed as assistant cataloguer in the Milwaukee Public Library. Charles F. entercil the L'niversity of Wisconsin with advanced stauding in the fall of 1900, taking up the electrical engineering course. After one year's study he ac- cepted a position in the city engineer's office at Seattle. Washing- ton, where he remained until July. 1902. w hen he accompanied an engineering party to Alaska in the service of the Alaska Central Ry. He will return in Xovember. U)02, and then complete his course at the Cniversit\- of Wisconsin. DEPART.MTiNT OF LITERATURE. SCIENCE. AND ArTS. 71 Thomas Chalmers Christy, A.M., M.D. Pittsburg, Pa. Was lioni at Kinsman. Trumbull Co.. ( )hio, October i8, 1846. His fatber, Jdbn Cbristy, was Ijorn at Kinsman, O., Jan. 2, 1806, and was ])y occupation a farmer ; was very successful in raising fine wooled sbeep. John Christy's parents came from Westmore- land Co., Pa., cleared a farm and spent their days in Kinsman. Mrs. John Cbrist\"s maiden name was Hannah B. Andrews, born at Kinsman. ( ).. Sept. 15. 1807. Her father came from Connecti- cut, and her mother's father with two daughters from the same state early in 1800. John Christy died May 27, 1873, and his wife, Hannah B., died April 5th, 1869, during her son's Junior year in college. T. Chalmers Christy attended the public schools at Kins- man in his boyhood days; entered Kinsman Academy in 1855. He served in the Union Army during the Civil W'ar. having been mustered into service of the United States as a private in the 171st Ohio Vol. Inf. National Guards, ]\Iay, 1864. Was stationed at Johnson's Island, Lake Erie, near Sandusky, O., to guard officers of the Confederate Army confined in prison. In June, 1864, his regiment was ordered to Lexington, Ky. They were in the battle at Kellar's Bridge, Licking River, near Cynthiana, Ky., June 11, 1864, and the entire command of Union forces was surrounded and taken prisoners by John Alorgan's troops. Mr. Christy was wounded during the fight. On the following day his regiment was re-captured by Union forces under command of General Burbridge. His regiment, after a forced march of ten miles, was given a "running parole" and subsequently returned to duty on Johnson's Island. Mr. Christy was sent to the hospital at Covington, Ky., until close of service in August, 1864, when he was honorably discharged. After being mustered out of the army he entered the prepara- tory department of Western Reserve College at Hudson, O., where he studied one year and afterwards he attended Ann Arbor High School for one year prior to entering the University of 72 Class of '70, University of Michigan. jMichigan in September. 1866. with the class of '70. ^Ir. Christy entered heartily into the spirit of college life and labors and made friends among all the classes then in college. He became a mem- ber of Psi Upsilon fraternity, also of the Literary Adelphi. a member of the Students' Christian Association, of which he was president for one year ; was elected president of the class of "70 in January, 1869: was elected one of the editors of the Oracle in his Sophomore year, and one of the editors of the lliivcrsify Chroiiicic in his Junior year ; was one of the speakers at the second Sopho- more "Ex.," and one of the speakers at the Junior "Ex.," and also one of the speakers at Commencement. After graduation he spent a couple of years at his home on the farm, then returned to the university for one year's study of medicine and surgery in the medical department. In the fall of 1873 he went to Bellevue Hospital ^Medical College, New York City, and continued the same study, receiving the degree of M.D. from that institution in March, 1874. He commenced the practice of his profession in Pittsburg, Pa., in October, 1874. In May, 1882. with his wife, he went abroad and continued the stttdy of certain branches of the profession at Edinburg, \'ienna, IJerlin, Paris and London and returned in 1883 and resuiued professional work imtil November, 1891. when from a severe attack of grippe he was invalided until October, 1894. He then resumed practice, but in January, 1901, was oljliged to abandon all work by reason of ill health. He has recently been advised by his professional friends to go to southern California in search of a more congenial climate. October 18. 1876. "Sir. Christy married Rebecca Perkins Kins- man, a graduate (1869) of Lake Erie Seminary, Painesville, O. Children: Hugh Duncan, born July 16, 1877. died Oct. 10, 1877; John Kinsman, born Nov. 9, 1878, died >March 3, 1879; Helen \Mlliams, bom ]\Iay 15. 1880, died May 13. 1900. Their children are buried in a cemetery at Kinsman, C\ Although Dr. Christy has met with many misfortunes he seems to take life philosophical- ly and to bear up bravely against adverse circumstances. His letters are always full of good cheer, never forgetting" his old-time attachments to the members of his class. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 73 Eugene Francis Cooley, A.B. Lansing:, Mich. Eugene Francis Cooley was born at Adrian, Mich, Nov. 15, 1849. His father, Thomas M. Cooley, was born at Attica, N. Y., Jan. 6, 1824, became an eminent jurist and author; was Jay Pro- fessor of Law and Lecturer on Constitutional Law and Medical Jurisprudence in the University of Michigan ; Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Michigan and Chairman of the Inter-State Com- merce Commission. His mother's maiden name was Mary E. Hor- ton, born at Amsterdam, N. Y., June t6, 1830. Thomas M. Cooley and ^liss Horton were married at Adrian, Mich., December 30th, 1846. Eugene's early education was accjuired at Adrian and at Ann Arbor High School. He entered the University of Michigan in the fall of 1866 and was graduated with the class of '70. He joined the Sigma Phi frater- nity in college. He was assistant on the \J. S. Lake Survey dur- ing the summer of 1870, stationed at Isle Royale and Porcupine Mountains on Lake Superior. In the fall of that year he went to Port Huron, Mich., and assisted in building and starting the Gas Works at that place. Was appointed superintendent and had charge of the works until June, 1872, when he removed to Lans- ing, Mich., and in company with James Clements, of Ann Arbor, organized the Lansing Gas Light Co. Had charge of building the works and was appointed superintendent upon their com- pletion, hulding the position for about 20 years. In connection with the Gas Co.'s business he org-anized an electric lieht com- 74 Class of '70, Uxr'ersity of jNIichigan. pan}-, luiikling' up a large and complete plant, which was after some years of successful operation sold to the City of Lansing. In 1 88 1 Mr. Cooley assisted in the organization of the Lansing- Wagon Works, now a large and prosperous manufacturing in- stitution, doing business throughout the Lnited States. He was for many years the active manager and is still treasurer and director. Li 1886 was one of the incorporators of the City National Bank of Lansing, a very strong and successful institution, and has been its vice-president from its inception. In 1892 was one of the organizers of the ]\Iaud S. ^^'indmill (!!c Pump Co., and is still its president. Assisted in organizing the Lansing Sugar Co. in the fall of 1900, and is one of the directors. His principal business is carried on under name of the ]\Iichi- gan Supply Co., of which he is the proprietor. This concern oc- cupies a fine block at the corner of Grand and Ottawa Sts., Lans- ing, and does a large wholesale business in iron pipe and fittings, plumbers' supplies, etc. Eugene F. Cooley was married in 187 1 to Kate A. Taylor, of Ann Arbor, Mich. Nine children have been born to them, six girls and three boys. All are alive and well, except one, a girl, who died in infancy. Two of the girls and two of the boys at- tended the L^niversity of ^Michigan, and one of the latter was on the Michigan champion base ball team of 1898. Two of the daughters are married, one living in Lansing and one in Chicago. The elder is the mother of two fine children, a girl and a boy. Latterly Cooley has been taking life pretty easy. His health is fairly good, but is kept so by plenty of fresh air and exercise. For several years past he has spent the months of February and March in the South, boating and fishing on the Indian River in Florida. He generally takes one or more members of his family ^\ith him and finds the trip exceedingly pleasant and beneficial. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 75 John Loveland CuIIey^ C.E. Died at Cleveland, O., February 5th, 1902. Hannilial, whilst a mere child, went with his elders into the temple and swore punishment to the enemies of Carthage. This trifling event is said to have deter- mined his eventful career. When Culley was 3 years old, a travel- ing phrenologist examined his head and prophesied that he would make a good civil engineer. This fact, joined with the idea that his father was a profound heliever in phrenology and a great admirer of the Chief Engineer of L. S. & ^I. S. R. R., undoubtedly had much to do with the determination of his professional career. He never forgot that early prophecy, or to do all he could for its fulfillment. From early youth he had faith in his ultimate suc- cess. He was born at Ashtabula, C)., Oct. 11, 1847, the third of seven children born to Ouintus Cincinnatus and Julia Ann Culley. The ancient Culley family tree was known in Scotland, under the name of McCullev ; the earliest member of which there is any record is one Mathew McCulley, who, at middle age, with his family emi- grated to Ireland. His son David, born in Scotland, died in Ire- land, 1756, leaving besides other children two sons — David and Alathew. This ^Nlathew, after the death of his father, David, re- turned to Scotland, where he reared seven children. He and his family afterwards went back to Ireland. It was during this last sojourn in Ireland (near Londonderry) that the title of Mc was taken from this branch of the family on account of their being dyers of cloth. His oldest son, David, came to America in 1770, 76 Class of '70, University of Michigan. and in 1772 brought his father and all his family to this country and settled at Cherry A'alley, N. Y. They were there during the memorable Indian [Massacre. Mathew died there in 1790, 82 years old. His four sons participated in the Revolutionary War. One branch of the family settled in A'irginia, whence came the Indiana settlement. His son, David, moved, 1799, to Black Rock, Canada, 1801. to Clarence. N. Y.. and in 1815 to Alohican Township, Wayne Co., O., where he died in 18 17. 79 years old. His second child. Mathew David. John L.'s grandfather, was born in 1790 at Cherry \'alley, died in 1876. He was a soldier in the War of 1812. John L.'s father, O. C. born in 1820, now living in his 82d year, is hale and hearty. John L.'s mother. Julia Ann. who died in 1889, was a Loveland. wdiose historic family tree is well preserved. John L.'s preparation was at the public schools of Ashtabula. In his youth he early developed that energy and industry for which he was afterwards distinguished. His perseverance carried him through many a knotty problem, and he passed from school to school, always at the head of his class, often passing a whole grade at a time. He was a good scholar in grammar, arithmetic, algebra and geometry, and as to geography, he "spelled" down the whole school in answering. Probably there were but few students better prepared in geometry than he was when he entered the L-niversity of Michigan. His fondness for books to the neglect of proper physical exercise nearly cost him his life. It took 25 years after graduation to recover his natural rugged, vigorous health. In college he joined the Phi Delta Theta fraternity and the Literar}' x\delphi. His professional life consists of two parts: First. 1870 to '78, of miscellaneous engineering, salaried commissions, and second, '78 to the time of his death, of a regular, continuous, personal office practice. July 1. '70. to end of that season he was U. S. Inspector at Sandusky. C).. for the improvement of that harbor. The first few- months of '71 he was with Davock as rodman on the St. L. & S. E. R. R. Returning home (Ashtalntla) in July, '71, he was for Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 77 next vear and a half engaged in the survey of the A.. Y. & P. R. R. He savs : "These were the days of Wild Cat R. R.'s and our hearts rejoiced when the Pennsylvania R. R. took charge and paid us for some four months in one payment." Returning home for a short rest he went to Cleveland, O., April I, 1873, when, after a ten days' persistent search for a job, he got one at a dollar and a half per day. with a Bohemian architect, who could not talk English, but could swear to the King's delight in several languages. Things never were so blue with ]Mr. C. as during the nine weeks he remained here. Finally June 15, that year, he received a flattering proposition from the City Engineer of Cleveland to serve the city as draughtsman, thus narrowly escaping the '73 disaster. Here he remained until Sep- tember, 1877, and unconsciously laid the foundation for his future work, for in these four years he mapped the city four times, and acquired a profound knowledge of the ground plan of the city. Besides the duty of preparing sewer plans, he made all bridge plans and similar drawings. In 1876. just before the iron work for the Superior Street viaduct was let, he prepared an estimate and stated that the cost would not exceed $125,000. The engineer- ing department had provided $250,000 and feared it would not be enough. It was let at $110,000, the average bid being same as j\Ir. C.'s estimate. It was while still in the employ of the city, June, ''jy, that he was called upon by the L. S. & J\I. S. R. R. Co. to design and superintend the construction of a double skew arch of 16 feet span each, of 41 degrees skew angle, under its roadbed in West Cleveland. On account of its rarity the construction of this arch added nuich to his local reputation. In '86 he wrote a treatise on Oblique Arclics, which first ap- peared serially in \'an Xostrand's Eclectic Magazine, and sub- sequently in book form, materially simplifying a problem which inexperienced authors had theretofore rendered complex. W hen he had completed his work for the city his services were secured by the Brown Hoist Co., whose operations on the Chicago Drainage Canal have attracted considerable attention. Class of '70, University of Michigan. May 16. '78, Culley formally entered upon his private engineer- ing practice at Cleveland, which he maintained unbroken during the remainder of his life. His practice covered a wide field and a great variety of subjects. He was called upon to do almost everything in the line of engineering. He was an expert surveyor, having written many pamphlets on this subject, some of which have been reprinted abroad. He had a large and varied experience in the survey of most valuable real estate. He had an extensive and a rapidly growing practice in landscape engineering. He was engaged for three years on one treatment of some 800 acres, per- fecting" it for a gentleman's country home at a cost of several hun- dred thousand dollars. He did considerable R. R., mining and U. S. engineering work. Spent the season of '81 at Republic, Mich., putting in masonry foundation under the Republic Iron Co.'s hydraulic plant, to replace a wooden foundation. At the same time he made a R. R. survey from Salineville to New Lisbon, O., both successful. In '82 made an extensive examination of the Hocking coal field in Ohio. He was, "86 to '92, inclusive, engineer of West Cleveland, where he had entire charge of all the various improve- ments pertaining to that corporation. Was engineer of Glenville '92, and constructed its water system. His field books, kept in duplicate, entered in ink, are most com- plete, and so completely indexed that any part of them can be found at once. Mr. Culley was married July 15, '84, to Miss Carrie H. Stephenson, of Greenville, Pa., eighth child of Adam M. and Licetta Miller Stephenson. Mrs. C. was born Nov. 3, 1853. She attended Lake Erie Seminary, Painesville. ()., the year "73-'74, and the year '74-'75 at Hollidaysburg (Pa. ) Seminary, where she was graduated June 15 in classics and nuisic. The year ''/'/-'/'&, she taught music and calisthenics at Hollidaysburg, and at Washing- ton. Pa. ; '78 to '83, inclusive, and the year '83 to '84 again at Plollidaysburg. Louise Stephenson Culley, born Sept. 6, 1894. is the fruit of this union. Air. and Mrs. C. had traveled extensivelv in the United States. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 79 In the summer of 1901 they visited Yellowstone National Park and the Great West. Just prior to his death they visited Wash- ington, D. C. Mr. C. was the author of the following pamphlets : Hillside Drainage, '86; Steel Tapes. "87, copied at once into Eng-ineering News, this country, and the Iron Monger, (England) ; Laiidseape Engineering, '87 to '88, read hefore Ohio Society of Surveyors and Civil Engineers, and before the Civil Engineers' Club of Cleve- land. It was also extensively circulated; and Transit Points, '91. In '90 he wrote an elaborate article for the Evening News on Fire Brick Pavement, Ijeing a pioneer advocate of this pavement that is now^ filling so useful a part the country over, in municipal improve- ments. As a Republican he took an active interest in politics, favoring the election of good men rather than mere partv success. Never held office nor belonged to any secret society. In speaking of his death the Cleveland Leader said : "John L. CuUey, one of the best-known landscape gardeners of the city, died at his home on Handy street Tuesday night at the age of fifty-four years. Mr. Culley had been a resident of the city for a number of years, coming here from Ashtabula, O. While a resident of Cleveland Mr. Culley designed some of Cleve- land's most beautiful landscapes. He was employed quite ex- tensively by Mr. Moore, of the Everett-Moore syndicate, and the Garfields. He had an office in the Blackstone building, and was a prominent member of the Civil Engineers" Club, of this city." Mr. Culley had some intimation a few weeks before his death that he was afflicted with Bright's disease, but he kept up his usual activity and determination to conquer his trouble until the last. His plan to visit Washington, D. C, to see the boys of '70 there was carried out with the hope of improving his condition by the trip. He and his wife started for Washington January 18, 1902, and returned January 30th, the week before his death. He went to his office Monday, remained at home Tuesday sitting by his grate fire, went to bed that evening and passed away quietly and 80 Class of '70, University of AIichigan. peacefully at 5:15 a.m. Wednesday, February 5th, 1902. His body was buried at Ashtabula, his former home. He leaves a widow, Mrs. Carrie H. Culley. and daughter, Louise, who reside at the homestead, 134 Handy Street, Cleveland. Mr. Culley attended the re-union of his class at Ann Arbor in June, 1900, and thereafter collected and published and distrilnUed, at his own expense, considerable information concerning the mem- bers of his class. Harlow Palmer Davock, C.E., M.S. Detroit, Mich. Was Ijorn in Ikiitalo, N. Y., :\larch nth, 1848. His father, John W. Davock, a dealer in hardware and lock supplies, was of Irish descent ; was born in Dublin, Ireland, Init came to this country from Alanchester, Eng- land, in 1832. His mother, Maria Davock, was of New England descent, but was born in New York State. Harlow P. mixed self support and education from the time he was fourteen years of age until he was graduated from the Buffalo High School in 1865, and then was admitted to the classical course in both Rochester and the present Colgate University, but on account of the special facilities offered in engineering work took the literary course of the University of Michigan, working vaca- tions and savins: monev to enable him to carrv on his Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 81 studies. At the age of 14 he was office boy for the Buffalo & Erie Raih-oad, and afterwards traveHng agent for the same road. In college he joined the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, the Alpha Nu literary society, was for a time one of the editors of the Lniii'crsity Clironiclc, a speaker at the first Sophomore exhibition and was secretary of his class in the Senior year. Immediately after his graduation in 1870, he commenced to practice as a civil engineer ; was engaged as such upon different railroads in various parts of the United States ; assisted as U. S. civil engineer in the construction of the government locks at Sault Ste. Marie, Michi- gan, and the Cascade Locks, Oregon. ^Meantime he had studied law; was admitted to the l)ar in 1878, and resigned from the government service in 1882. He has made the practice of law his chief occupation since that time, taking a hand, however, in politics in each campaign, and as a member of the Republican party has l^een active as a delegate in its conventions and in its councils. He was a meml^er of the Michigan Legislature in i893and 1894. During that session the proposition of the Log Cabin, or Palmer Park, so-called, had been defeated, and after several weeks hard work, Air. Davock secured unanimous consent to have the same question called up in the House, and secured its passage. He was appointed a member of the Detroit Board of Health by Governor Rich, in March, 1895; reappointed March ist, 1896, and held the position for five years, being president of that body for two years. He was United States Chief Supervisor of Elections in the Eastern District of Michigan in 1893 ; was appointed United States Referee in Bankruptcy for the Eastern District of Michi- gan, Southern Division, August ist, 1898, and reappointed Aug. 1st, 1900 and 1902. The Detroit Free Press, September 8, 1900, said of him : "Harlow P. Davock, referee in bankruptcy for the district which includes Detroit, has returned from an Eastern trip. While away he attended the second annual convention of the National 82 Class of 70, University of Michigan. Association of Referees, held at Saratoga. X. Y.. on August 30 and 31. "At one session of the convention Mr. Davock read a paper on 'Orders, Rules and Forms,' which was well received and was re- warded with much praise from the members. Mr. Davock had a high honor paid him by the assocation, who chose him as one of the new executive committee of seven members who have charge of the work of the association and of securing proper legislation and suggesting amendments to the bankruptcy laws to congress. The other six members of this committee are from distant parts of the Union and the septette are men of high standing in the legal profession." At the meeting of the National Association of Referees in Bankruptcy held at Buffalo in August, 1901, ]\lr. Davock was elected one of its vice-presidents. In 1901 he was appointed non- resident lecturer and professor on Practice in Bankruptcy in the Law Department of the University of Michigan by its Regents, and has already delivered two courses of lectures. He is a member of the Detroit Boat Club, University Club and society Sons of the American Revolution ; a director of the Far- rand ()rgan Co. and a director and member of the ^Michigan Club, and president of the board of trustees of the Westminster Presby- terian Church of Detroit. He was married January 4th, 1883. to Sarah Whiting Peabody and has had three children. Clarence W. Davock, age 18: Harlow Xoble Davock. age 16, and Henry Whit- ing Davock, died February 19th, 1894. age 6 years and 6 months. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 83 George Ellis Dawson, A.M. Chicago, III. Was born June 23, 1847, ^^^ the village of Loami, Sangamon Co., 111. When about five years of age he removed with his father to Jacksonville. 111., where he at- tended school regularly until '59, when he went to live upon a farm near New Berlin, a village on the Wabash R. R. about half way be- tween Jacksonville and Spring- field. In the fall of '61, removed to Springfield where he worked a couple of years in his father's plow and blacksmith shop. He was graduated in the class of '64, in Springfield High School. Worked the following year in the Provost Marshal's office for the eighth district of Illinois. From September, '65, to September, '66, Dawson prepared for entering upon the classical course at the university, not having theretofore studied Latin and Greek. Entered the University of Michigan with class of '70 in September, '66. In college he was one of the editors of the Oracle, one of the speakers at second Sophomore exhibition, a member of the Alpha Xu, and the Philozetian, a member of the University Glee Club, and president of his class in the Senior year. In the fall of '70. he accepted the position of principal of the High School at Flint. Mich., where he taught but one year. The next year he went to Buffalo, N. Y.. as principal of Grammar School No. 4, and continued until March, 'yz, when he took charge of the department of ancient languages in Buft'alo Central High School. Here he remained until he went to Europe in the sunmier of '74. He was abroad ajjout two years. Went first to Leipzig where he spent seven months. Studied German 84 Class of '70, University of AIichigan. language and literature and took lectures on Roman Law given by Prof. Winscheid, a very popular lecturer. In the winter of '75, a number of Michigan University graduates had a reunion there, among whom were Dawson, E. C. Lovell, '68; A'. S. Lovell, "70; Underwood, J^; Maple, '72; Bennett, '72, and perhaps one or two others. From Leipzig he went to Gottingen, stopping over at A\'eimar and at Eisenach, visiting the castle of Wartburg. Daw- son went, about Aug. i, "75, in company with Prof. Walter, of U. of ]\I., to Cassel, across to Dusseldorf, then up the Rhine, stopping at the different places of interest, Cologne. Bonn, Coblenz, Fort- ress of Ehrenbreitstein, Bingen, Mainz, then on to Frankfort, Carlsruhe, Baden, over to Strasburg. back to Freiberg and Berne and then to Geneva. They made a pedestrian tour of six weeks through Switzerland and the Tyrol. Dawson parted from Prof. Walter at Munich and went to Italy and visited the important cities, remaining three months in Rome. In December, '75, he went by way of Mt. Cenis tunnel and Lyons to Paris, where he remained three months, then to London for a stay of about a month and then to Philadelphia, arriving in time to witness the opening of the Exposition in '76. He spent that summer on a farm and afterwards taught in high school at Springfield, 111. The next two years he was principal of the high school at Peoria, 111., and then became principal of Washington School in Chicago for two years. In June, '81, having read law for some time, he passed the examination for admission to the bar, resigned his position at the Washington School and commenced the practice of law in Chi- cago. In November, '82. he entered into partnership with Isaac H. Pedrick of the law class of '70, U. of M., ^Nlaltman, of '70, Pedrick's former partner, having gone West permanently for his health. The firm has continued in the general practice of law up to the present time (1902), occupying the same suite of offices in the First National Bank Building, Chicago. In June, 1892, Mr. Dawson was invited by the attorney of the Sanitarv District of Chicagfo to assist in the work of that munici- Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 85 pality. The Sanitary District is peculiar in the fact that it is a separate municipality distinct from the City of Chicago, the County of Cook or any of the towns included in the limits of Chicago and yet, as it were, overlying these within its own limits and having independent power of taxation for its own purposes. Air. Dawson had special charge of the legal work connected with the acquirement of the right of way for the great drainage and ship canal whose purpose was to turn the waters of Lake Michigan into the Alississippi River. Over two and one half million dollars worth of land was acquired hy the District during Air. Dawson's connection with it. In the fall of 1894 the attorney of the Sanitary District having been elected County Judge, Mr. Dawson was promoted from principal assistant and became at- torney of the board, which position he retained until January, 1896, when he resumed active work with his firm from which he had not severed his connection. Since 1896 he has continued in gen- eral practice. Mr. Dawson has never held any political ofiice, but from time to time has been drafted into work of a more or less public character in connection with committees of organizations formed for public purposes. He is a member of the Executive Commit- tee of the Legislative League, whose purpose is to examine into and publish all information that can be obtained touching the qualifications of candidates for the State Legislature. It is a non- partisan body whose aim will be to make accessible to the voters the business, public record, education, etc., of candidates so that voters may make an intelligent choice. He is also chairman of the Educational Commission appointed by the Civic Eederation of the city to consider and report upon a revision of the school system of the city. Mr. Dawson is a member of the Chicago Literary Club, the Irocjuois Club, the City and State Bar Associations, Le Cercle Litteraire and other societies. He has kept up his acquaintance with the German, French and Italian languages, and has frequent occasion to use them in his business. 86 Class of '70, Uxtversitv of ]\Iichigax. Air. Dawson was married September 29th, 1885. to Eva Manierre, daughter of an old resident of Chicago. The fact that she is an accompHshed pianist, having tinished her studies in BerHn and Vienna, has enabled him to continue in his home the enjoyment of music which furnished many pleasant hours of recreation and improvement in the university. They have four boys: George Edward, born December 12, 1886; Alanierre, born December 22, 1887; Alitchell, born May 13, 1890, and Lovell, born January 28, 1897. The latter was named after our deceased class- mate, Mncent S. Lovell. His present address is "First National Bank Building, Chicago, 111." William Rufus Day, B.S., LL.D. Canton, O. Was born at Ravenna, Port- age County, Ohio, April 17, 1849. His father. Judge Luther Day, was a lawyer of eminence and served two terms on the bench of the supreme court of Ohio. On his mother's side, his grand- father was Rufus P. Spalding, a member of congress from the State of Ohio, and his great grandfather was Zephaniah Swift, who was chief justice of the supreme court of Connecticut and author "Swift's Digest." His early education was in the local public schools at Ravenna and in 1866 he entered the Uni- versity of Michigan with the class of 1870, taking the full four years course and was graduated with the class. Earlv in his col- Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 87 lege career he became a member of Alpha Delta Phi, of which Judge Cooley and his two sons. Eugene and Edgar, were mem- bers, and Day had the good fortune to be invited into the hospit- able Cooley home. and. during a considerable portion of his- course, participated in the privileges which that association gave. No one who, during those years, had the opportunity for personal- contact with Judge and Mrs. Cooley in their interesting and at- tractive home could fail to estimate a privilege of entree there as of priceless value. Earlier in his course Dlay had rooms in the "Goodrich" house, just across the street from the High School building, and later he and "Judge" Thayer shared rooms together during the winter of senior year. He was one of the speakers at the second Sophomore exhibition and was a member of the Liter- ary Adelphi. Immediately after graduation, Day turned to the study of law, a profession to which he was doubtless by heredity inclined. He read law for some time at Ravenna in the office of Judge G. F. Robinson, after which he entered the law department of the uni- versity and graduated with the class of 1872. He served as librarian of the law department library. In July, 1872, he was admitted to the Bar in Ohio and soon formed a partnership with William A. L}nch, at Canton, Ohio. It was there, in the earlv davs of his practice, that he made the acquaintance of the prosecuting attorney of Stark County, William AIcKinley, Jr., which resulted in a life-long friendship, of much import to himself and his country and subsequently furnished the opportunity for the exer- cise of those rare faculties of statesmanship and diplomacy which responded fully to the demands of a critical period in our national history. We are unable to follow him through the many years devoted to the laborious work of active practice of the law. It is fair to assume that it was only out of prolonged and well-sustained eft'orts of an active professional life that supreme fitness for the grave work assigned to Day in Washington could have been reached. [Meanwhile, he had been elected Judge of the Court of 88 Class of "70, University of Michigan. Common Pleas of the 9th Judicial District of Ohio, which office he shortly resigned to resume practice. In 1889 President Harri- son appointed him as U. S. District Judge for the Northern Dis- trict of Ohio, an appointment which he declined on account of failing health. His personal friendship with 'Mr. jMcKinley led him to an active participation in the political campaign of 1896 after ]Mr. McKinley's nomination for the presidency, at a sacrifice of his personal interests. It is true that for many years Mr. McKinley had been accustomed to rely very largely upon Day's friendly advice, having implicit confidence in his integrity and his freedom from selfish interest. Almost immediately after his inauguration he made an appeal to Day for his services as a commissioner to make a special investigation in Cuba, but before he could leave for his post he was appointed First Assistant Secretary of State and immediately inducted into that important office. Secretary Sherman w^as in failing health and shortly became almost com- pletely disabled, so that the entire burden and responsibilitv for conducting the business of that department, in the face of an im- pending war, was thrown upon him almost immediately after as- suming office. A year later Mr. Sherman retired and Day became his successor, on April 25, 1898. War had already been declared against Spain and the United States was menaced with inter- ference by some of the European powers, while actual annoyances on the part of Germany and the most obnoxious conduct on that of the press and people of France had been manifested. It is a settled opinion amongst those who had the best oppor- tunity of observing Day's administration of the department at this critical period, that he conducted the negotiations, before and after the war, with admirable judgment and displayed a personal skill in diplomacy that has been rarely equalled in that great office. It was through his efforts that an entente eordiale with European governments was brought about which confined the conflict to the powers directly concerned. One of the striking incidents of his administration was in con- Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 89 nection with the matter of the letter written by the Spanish Ambassador, De Lome, in which he spoke disparagingly of Presi- dent McKinley, and of his sincerity in relation to Spanish ques- tions, which letter was intercepted and published. Day abandoned diplomatic tradition, made a personal call upon the Ambassador (who had resigned the day before) and by this prompt action obtained the identitication of the letter by De Lome, and thereby secured a prompt and straightforward solution of the difficulty. During the war he was unremitting in his efforts for an honor- able peace. The hopelessness of the struggle on the part of Spain was soon apparent and early in August Jules Cambon, the French Ambassador, made approaches in behalf of Spain wdiich led to the signing of a protocol, on August 12, 1898, which provided for the suspension of hostilities and recited the general conditions upon which a formal treaty of peace might be made. This protocol was signed, on the part of the LTnited States, by William R. Day, Secretary of State. The negotiations leading to this formal act were conducted by Day with great skill and delicacy and in such a way that every advantage desired by his government was ob- tained without exciting the animosity of humiliated Spain. This important work practically terminated his services as Secretary of State, as he was immediately named as one of the Peace Commissioners to represent the L'nited States at Paris. The protocol required, on the part of both Spain and the United States, the appointment of not more than five commissioners, to meet at Paris not later than October i, 1898. then and there to negotiate a treaty of peace. The names of the American Commissioners were announced September 9, 1898, as follows: William R. Day, Secretary of State, Cushman K. Davis, William P. Frye and George Gray, Senators, and Whitelaw Reid, Journalist. The sit- tings of this Commission began in Paris on October ist w'ith Day as the presiding officer. The several members of this Commission are well known for eminent character and distinguished services. One of the most striking and valuable members was Cushman K. Davis, another 90 Class of "70, University of Michigan. son of Ann Arbor, whose recent untimely death was universally regarded as a public calamity. He had taken a commanding posi- tion in the United States Senate where he was chairman of the Committee on Foreign Afifairs and was recognized as one of the greatest authorities on international law and as measuring up to the highest standard of statesmanship. It is an interesting and gratifying reflection that our university furnished two members of this distinguished Commission and, without making any in- vidious distinction, the two most important and valuable members. Spain was represented by some of her al)lest publicists, trained in the arts of diplomacy, and equal to any that could be found in any court of Europe, and the task set for our American Commissioners was no light one. America has in recent years initiated a new school of diplo- macy, substituting straightforward and direct methods for the sinuous and deceptive lines of old-time diplomacy. The adoption of this policy has violated hoary traditions and shocked the courts of Europe accustomed to the ancient deceptions, false movements and finesse of the profession of diplomacy. The substantial ad- vantages which have already accrued to the United States (not- ably in the C)rient ) by the introduction of candor, fairness and absolute justice into their negotiations with foreign governments, has commanded the attention of the world. While the initiation of this policy can not be claimed for Day, it is certain that it found in him, as Secretary of State, its best exponent. In one respect at least it was fortunate that he came to the administration of our foreign affairs untrammelled by the possibly narrowing influences of previous diplomatic experience. His mind was entirely free from constraints usuallv imposed up- on even American diplomatists, many of whom have found it im- possible to escape from the tortuous path of diplomatic precedent which had been well beaten through many centuries b}' great rep- resentatives of all the Chancellories of Europe. These precedents were not insuperable to him and were brushed aside as unworthy and inapplicable in a country which neither desired nor sought to Department of Litkkaturk, Science, and Arts. 91 acquire any unfair advantaci^e. Tn many notalile instances his successor, Secretary Hay, has tDllowcd lliis jioHcy and it seems quite hkeh' that Iviui;- and deception will soon g'row to he re- gartled as ecjually dishorn irahle whether ])racticed hetween the representatives of great empires or hetween man and man. 13ay's administration of the State Department undouhtedly determined and fixed this as a settled policy of the I'nited States respecting' diplomatic methods, and that fact will not constitute the least important ground upon which he will he assigned high rank in the list of great Secretaries of State. It should he an interesting fact to every memher of '70 that, during his term of Secretary of State, Day had in the im])ortant office of Solicitor of the State Department, another ahle repre- sentative of the old class, Penfield, in whose clear judgment, in- defatigal)le industry and loyal support he found a safe reliance, and who is ra])idlv securing for himself an en\iahle position in the field of international law. While these lines are heing written Penfield is at The Hague, participating in the argument of the first case suhmitted hefore a trihunal organized under The Hague In- ternational Arhitration Agreement. The treaty with S])ain was signed on Decemher 10, 1898, and Da}- immediately returned and presented it to the President. Against the urgent wishes of the President, he retired from public office and resumed the practice of law, hut in h>hruary. 1899. was appointed U. S. Circuit Judge for the 6th judicial Circuit, the duties of which office he is now discharging with marked ahility. Day was married in 1875 to Mary E., daughter of Louis Schaefer, a prominent citizen of Canton. They have had four children, William L., Luther, Stephen and Rufus. 92 Class of '70, University of Michigan. Charles Kecne Dodge^ A.B. Port Huron, Mich. He was l)orn the 26th day of April, 1844, in the Township of Blackman, Jackson Co., Michi- s^an. on a farm five miles north of the City of Jackson. His father, William Roijers Dodge, was horn at Uoomville, X. Y., in 1816, on a farm ; came to Michigan in 1836 and settled near the City of Jack- son. In 1841 he honght a farm of 80 acres of wild, uncultivated land. He was always a farmer. 1 lere Charles K., with his four hrothers, spent his hoyhood in the primitive oak forest of Michigan. j\Ir. Dodge's ancestor, Richard Dodge, came over from England in 1638 and settled on a farm near Beverly in Massachusetts. His great grandfather. Ehenezer Dodge, was a soldier of the Revolu- tion, and his hody rests in the cemetery at Keene, N. H. Mr. Dodge is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution. His mother, Caroline Emma Hoyt Dodge, was born near Syracuse, N. Y., in 1823, on a farm; came to Michigan in 1836 and settled near the City of Jackson. Charles K. Dodge's father died Janu- ary 2, 1897, and his mother Alarch i, 1901, at Jackson, ^Michigan. INIr. Dodge's education was begun in the coimtry schools. He worked on the farm sunnners and went to school winters. In the spring of 1861, his father moved to a farm near the City of Jack- son where the facilities for education were much better. Prepara- tion for college was partially made in the L'nion school at Jackson, then superintended by Prof. Daniel B. Briggs. In 1865 Mr. Dodge went to Ann Arbor, attended the l^nion school there, and entered the class of '69, in part. In 1866 he was graduated in the Department oe Literature, Science, and Arts. 93 Union school at Ann Arbor and entered the University of Michi- gan in the fall with the class of '70, pursuing- a classical course. At the university he was known as an independent, was one of the speakers at the first Sophomore exhibition and also at the Junior exhibition, was a member of the Literary Adelphi and the Philozetian societies. Immediately after graduation he obtained a school at Rock- land, Ontonagon Co., in the copper district of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and held that school two years. He then went to Hancock, Houghton Co., and took charge of the public school, remaining two years. He then, in June, 1874, went into the law office of Hubbell & Chadbourne at Houghton, Michigan. After studying law^ something more than a year he was admitted to the bar in September, 1875, and went to Port Huron, Michigan, to practice law. He continued the practice of law there till the spring of 1889, when he went to Ogden, Utah, with the intention of opening a law^ ofifice at that place. Not liking the West for law practice, he engaged in a railway survey, camping out two sum- mers. In the spring of 1891 he went to Monterey, Old Mexico, remaining for some months. From there, after being away two years, he returned to Port Huron and again began the practice of law. In September, 1893, he was appointed to a position in the United States Customs at Port Huron as one of the deputies, which position he still holds. He continues the practice of law. August 4, 1897, Dodge married Millie Wilhelmina Burns, a young lady of Detroit. No children. He has been to New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Boston, New Orleans, Portland, Quebec, Montreal and Toronto. In 1881 he attended the Centennial Celebration at Yorktown, Virginia. In politics he is a Democrat. In 1880, he was elected city attorney for the City of Port Huron and again in 1885. In 1882 he was elected circuit court commissioner for the County of St. Clair and again in 1884. In 1886 he was elected as comptroller of the City of Port Huron. In 1888 he was nominated by the Democrats of his county for judge of probate, but was not elected. His favorite recreation is botany, and he has published a list of the wild plants of his locality. He has a pleasant home at 2805 Gratiot Ave., Port Huron, having about 4^ acres of land in one piece. 94 Class of '70, Universitv of Michigan. William Thomas Emerson, B.S. Died at Racine, Wisconsin, August 29, 1897. He was the eldest son of Hon. Thomas J. Emerson and Ehza J. Woochiian. and was l)orn in Ra- cine. Wisconsin, July 2t^. 1848. He grew to manhood in the citv o{ his hirth. attending the puhhc schools and acciniring the higher edncation afforded hy Racine College, where he completed his Freshman year in 1867. He then entered the Sophomore class of the L'niversity of Michigan, tak- ing the literary and scientific conrse. He was a meml)er of the Sigma Phi college fraternity, and was graduated with honor in 1870. In college he was a member of the Literary Adelphi. Having shown great proficiency in engineering, he was selected by the Government to assist in the coast survey of the Great Lakes, and such was his success and popularity that the Surveying De- partment made strong efifort to retain his services. However, he declined to remain longer in Government employ, but determined to follow the profession of his honored father, and in 187 1 took up the study of law in the office of Fuller & Dyer, the leading law firm in Racine. Devoting himself diligently to this great study, after two years of close application, he was admitted to the Racine County Bar in 1873. The active practice of law not being cjuite to his taste and habits of thought, he was persuaded by his father to turn aside from law and assist him in the management of the Emerson Linseed Oil Works, one of the largest and most success- ful industries in Racine. estal)lished by his father in 1872. This position he continued to hold until his death, and the great sue- Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 95 cess of this business (which in so many instances had proved a failure) is attributed in large measure to his excellent judgment, his rare foresight, and his conservative methods. Such was the confidence of the pu1)lic in his ability and perspicacity that his counsel and assistance were sought by those having large business enterprises in charge, and he was elected a director in the Union National Bank of Racine, and a director and treasurer of the Chicago Rubber Clothing Co. As a man of unquestioned probity and sound judgment he ranked high, and the success of those enterprises to which he gave his thought and personal attention seemed assured from the start. In 1894 his health began to fail. For many weeks he was con- fined to his home, and then his heroic nature and fine constitution came to the rescue, and he seemed slowly and bravely fighting his way back to health and renewed life. The fiush of yovith and beauty again touched his cheek, and the spring of strength ac- companied his footsteps. He took long walks through forest and field, and communed with nature in her loneliness and silence. The months went by and the loveliness of earth and sky, and the soft, sweet whisperings of wind and wave seemed wrought into his character and thought. The sweetness and calm content of childhood came over his longing spirit, and in the love of parents and brother, and in the beatitude of his home life there was real- ized a foretaste of heavenly joy. Only for a few months was the finger of fate lifted from his brow, and then came what seemed a relapse, and his steps went steadily down the declivity of life. The skill of loving and learned physicians could not avail. Day by day the pulsation of his heart became weaker and the lines of pain and distress deepened upon his countenance, but without a murmur of complaint, without a sigh even of regret, with thoughts only of home and those he loved, he watched the mysterious shadows of the night gathering over and about him. Sweet and holy memories thronged the long hours of that last Sabbath on earth, filling his soul with peace, and when the sun went down he fell asleep. 96 Class of '70, University of jMichigan. The death of WiUiam T. Emerson is a pathetic tragedy — "Gone in youth's glorious prime;" gifted heyond his fellows in powers of bodv and mind : with signal ability to solve the hard problems of life and compete successfully in the struggle for pre-eminence ; the student, scholar, and capable business man ; the strong support of his parents in their declining years ; in the ma- turity of his manhood and work ; generous, unselfish, large-hearted, noble, kind and true — thus to contemplate his life and untimely death, brings, to all who knew and admired him, feelings of in- expressible sadness and regret. The only comfort for hearts thus sorrowing and bereaved is listening to the voice of God saying : "What I do, thou knowest not now, but thou shalt know here- after." In beautiful Alound Cemetery his remains were laid to rest beside those of his only sister, Helen, a lovely girl, who departed this life July 17, 1872. His father, Hon. Thomas J. Emerson, is still living at Racine. Charles S. Edwards, A.M. York, Neb. Born in ^larshall County, Illinois, Nov. 6, 1840, his father be- ing a farmer. Einished preparation for college at Aurora, 111., and at Ypsilanti. He entered the University of Michigan with the class of '69, but was graduated with '70. He was a member of the Alpha Nu literary society and the Philozetian debating club. Im- mediately after graduation he was elected principal of the public schools in Sparland, 111., which position he filled for eight years, having been also elected county superintendent of schools for Marshall County in 'jt,, and re-elected in 'yy. In the summer of '78, he was elected superintendent of the city schools of Lacon, Marshall Co., continuing to act in both capacities at the same time, holding institutes part of the time during the summer sea- son. He filled these positions until '85, when he went to York, Neb., and took charge of the public schools at that place and Dri'artmext of Literature, Science, and Arts. 97 served as superintendent until the close of the school year of '88. In August. "88, he went into business, at York, as a grain dealer and was so engaged at last accounts. Married Miss Martha I!oys ]March 28. '71. His wife died June 19. "79. leaving no children. In October, '85, married Miss Lizzie M. Simpson. Nothing has been heard from him for some time. Russell Errett, A.B. Cincinnati, O, The subject of this sketch was l>orn at Xew Lisbon, O., Septem- ber 6. 1845. His father, Isaac Errett. was a minister and resided at various times, at Xew Lisbon, Bloomfield, Warren, Cleveland and Alliance, in the State of Ohio; Muir and Detroit in Michigan, and finally located ])ermanently at Cincinnati as editor and publisher of the Chris- tian Standard. Russell acquired his early instruction in these several places. He attended Detroit High School one year and Bethany College, West Mrginia, three years. His connection with the class of '70 dates from September, 1868, when he entered the University of Michigan, and at once took high standing in the class, being 6 feet 3, which he valorously maintained to the end. He joined no college organization, except "Ye Parlez \'ous" — a boarding club. Immediately after Commencement in June, "70, he applied for the position of superintendent of a select school at Crittenden. Ky., 98 Class of '70, University of jMichigan. but, as he wrote a few years later, "Ijy the blessings of Providence failed to get it." He had found a more congenial occupation in assisting his father, editor and publisher of the Christian Standard. a. weekly paper, and other Christian literature and books of various kinds. He succeeded his father as editor and manager of the various issues of the Standard Publishing Co. and has been very active and successful in the business for many years. He is mar- ried and has a pleasant family. He takes life philosophically and apparently is getting his full share of enjoyment out of it. He complains because he does not oftener see his old classmates, but perhaps the fault is partly his own. His presence at the next class re-union will I)e anxiously looked for. His pristine modesty still abides with him. It was only by urgent and repeated solicita- tion that he was induced to furnish a picture of himself for this book. In response to a request for data for a life sketch he re- cently wrote: "You will, I am sure, appreciate my feelings when I assure you that I do not find half as much to relate of myself now as I would have done twenty-five years ago, at which time I seemed a much greater figure to myself than I can now find any- thing in the facts to justify. Whether I take it by months, or years, or decades, the sum total, somehow or other, always comes out composed exclusively of that character known in ]:)ase ball parlance as the 'goose egg;' and while a long succession of this curve of beauty might be very ornamental as a work of art, I am not altogether satisfied of its value as history. Aly only comfort is, that if I would indite it honestly it might render me famous as a rival of Colonel Mulberry Sellers. This much I will say. how- ever, for the sake of '70 and the class history, that I will try and find five minuets some day and sit down and tell the whole thing. I have a good stenographer, and it is just possible that through that source something worthy of record may creep into the ac- count. I am thankful to you for allowing me 1,500 words, but, I take it. it is like a bill of fare at a first-class hotel, one need not take it all unless he wants to." Unfortunately neither ]\Ir. Errett nor his stenographer has yet Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 99 found that five minutes, and until they do we must allow our imaginations to fill in the gap to suit our own fancies. His present address is 216-220 East Ninth Street, Cincinnati, O. Robert Newton Fearon, A.M. Ironton^ O. Was born March 14th, 1839, on a farm in Madison County, New York. His grandfather came from Ireland and was one of the first settlers in that part of the state. The old homestead, which was redeemed bv his father and grandfather from the prinie- 'val forest, still remains in hands of the family. His early educa- tion was such as two or three months of country school in mid- winter afiforded. and during this short period his attendance at school was very irregular, for the sheep and cattle and the year's supply of wood, etc., must first be looked after. Thus until years of manhood, but the merest smattering of the common branches were at his command. At the age of fourteen, while a mere lad, he was led to see his lost condition under the preaching of George Bridge. He went to a Methodist altar and was converted and joined the church of his father and grandfather. As the years rolled by a thirst for a better education, as a means of more extended usefulness, grew upon him ; but how to get away from home and the care of a large farm was the puzzle. His father seemed unwilling to spare him and it w'as not until after his majority that he could do much towards preparation for col- LofC. 100 Class of '70, University of jNIichic.an. lege and then only by odd terms at the Oneida Conference Semi- nary at Cazenovia, New York. But there he spent some of his most enjoyable days. After a very hastv and inc(im]:)lete preparation for college, in the year 1866. he entered the Freshman year at the Weslyan Uni- versity at Middletown, Conn., and the following year went west to the University of Michigan and entered the Sophomore class of '69. The next year he dropped out of college to teach school and the following year re-entered college in the Junior year with the class of '70 and was graduated with this class. While in col- lege he became a member of the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity and the Alpha Xu literary society. After graduation he spent some ten years in teaching or superintending public schools, interrvipted, however, by one or two years in business. Tn 1879 the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him by the Syracuse Uni- versity. In 1 87 1 he married Frances Darrow, a graduate of the Oneida Conference Seminary, at which institution he made her acquaint- ance. In 1873, while living in the City of Minneapolis and act- ing as principal of the high school in that city, a son was born to them, who was named Robert D. and two years later a daughter, Anna. The daughter died in infancy when only six weeks old, and the son fell a victim to scarlet fever when a little more than three years old. Thus the home was left childless and remained so until 1884, when a little daughter was given them, wlio was named Josephine, and three years later another daughter, who was named Dora. These are both still living and merging into woman- hood. Josephine expects to enter college next year and Dora as soon as her pre]:)aratory studies are completed. The past eighteen years Mr. Fearon has been in the lumber business with varied success, but is now employing some seventy men, and running quite an extensive lumber plant at Ironton, O. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 101 Edwin Fleming, A.M. Buffalo, N. Y. He was born at West Lebanon, Warren Co., Ind., Dec. ii. 1847. His father, Jackson Fleming, was a physician. Edwin's early educa- tion was acquired in the common schools at his native place, supple- mented by one year's study at Indianapolis. He entered the L^niversity of Michigan in Sep- tember. 1865, but withdrew for one year during which he taught school and returned in Septem- ber, 1868, joining the class of '70, with which he was graduated. In college he joined the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity, the Alpha Nu literary society and was a member of the University Glee Club. Was a speaker at the first Sopho- more exhibition, at the Junior exhibition and at Commencement exercises. He was one of the editors of The University Chronicle. After graduation Mr. Fleming became a member of the city staff of the Detroit Post. During the winter of 1870-71 he had charge of the telegraph desk of the Detroit Trilnme. Later in 1 87 1, he did special reporting for the Detroit Tribune in various parts of Michigan. In 1872 he had editorial charge, first of the Kalamazoo Telegraph and then of the Jackson Citizen. In Decem- ber, 1872. he went to Washington as correspondent for various papers during the session of congress. He went to Europe in 1873, traveled and studied for eighteen months and returned to Washington in the fall of 1874, where he became the Washington representative successively of the New York Journal of Com- 102 Class of '70, University of Michigan. merce, the New York Commercial Bulletin, the Detroit Free Press (from 1875 to 1885). the St. Louis Republic (from 1881 to 1885), the Buffalo Courier (from January i. 1877. to June i, 1885), and from June i, 1885, to June i, 1897, he was the editor of the Buffalo Courier. Was elected secretary of the Pan-American Exposition Company in March, 1899. Was married to Miss Harriet L. Stone, of Kalamazoo, Mich.. April 20, 1881. Achilles Finley, A.B. Fulton, Mo. He was born in Calloway County, Mo., near Bloomfield, May 15, 1843, his father. Ebenezer Finley, being a farmer. He was in the Confederate army about four years in Co. A, ist Mo. Regt. He first entered the Cniversity of Missouri and then joined class of '70, in the Universit_\- of Michigan as a sophomore. In college he was a member of the Literary Adelphi. After graduating he was engaged four years in teaching, then entered upon the study and practice of law at Fulton, Calloway Co., Mo., where he was admitted to the bar. In November, '78, he was elected prosecuting attorney of Calloway Co., which position he filled with credit to himself and satisfaction to the people. He is supposed to be engaged in the practice of his profession at Fulton, Mo. No word has come from him for some years, however. He married Miss Alice Wilkerson, Nov. 21, "78. A daughter, Madge, was born August 21, '79. 2 > ; r ~ 104 Class of '70, University of Michigan. Luther Elliott Ferguson, C.E. "White Pigeon, Mich. He was born September 22, 1845, on the old homestead, where he still lives surrounded by all the farm comforts necessary for an advancing old age. He says : "No one will probably care to read of the good old-fashioned Puritanical training the boy received as he grew up to majority and started away from home to complete his scholastic education at the University of Michigan. Still further, each member of "70 can recall enough pleasant memories of the young man while resident four years at Ann x\rbor." He was a member of the Literary Adelphi in college. Since the dispersion exercises on that memorable June day in 1870, when each cut loose from old ties and commenced the in- dependent and important part of his life, he informs us, that mis- takes and successes with him have been about equally balanced. Not having means and foresight enough to locate between the twin cities of Minnesota in 1872 when looking over that situation was, he thinks, unfortunate. Having had a taste and some train- ing for mineralogy in the laboratory, success for him might have been assured had a location been made properly when visiting the region in the vicinity of Helena and I'.utte in ]\Iontana in the same year, 1872. He remarks that the horticultural training of youth would have proved of more value than the engineering training of the uni- versitv, if foresight had been as acute as the Dutchman's hind- sight in regard to the possibilities of Los Angeles in California in 1873. But tramps began to be plentiful in California in that year and the young man, after tramping into the Yosemite to see the glorious beauties of the valley and of the big trees, turned towards the old heme on the lianks of the \\'hite Pigeon, the finest black- bass stream in northern Indiana and southern ^Michigan. He tells us that for three years or more the deadly contracting efifects of the panic of 1873, cut short the expanding view of many a voung prospective engineer, and farming seemed to be the only Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 105 vocation left that could not be ruined by the blighting effect of the mistaken social and financial policy of that time. So laying aside the things that were behind, and formulating the ideal of a comfortable home, the man of 30 years set about to realize it. By clearing up the virgin forest, improving the natural groves, plant- ing an orchard of various kinds of fruits, the result is Riverside Ranch. A cyclone tornado claimed the right of way across the ranch Alay 14. 1883. leveling, in its career of five minutes, every fence, destroying barns, pulling up the shade and orchard trees hy the roots, and teaching an object lesson of the frailty of natural things. Drouthv seasons follow each other in close succession, and the iDanker's panic of 1893 works disastrous havoc in social and financial circles, but at Riverside Ranch there has always been enough work to be done and a good appetite and willing hands to accomplish it. There has always been a stick of wood ready to put on the fire : plenty of flour for bread, and plenty of good fruit, either fresh or in cans, to eat with the bread three times a day €very day in the year. John A., the oldest of the family, 22 years of age, is now at Ann Arbor, 2d year, an engineering student. jMaude E., the eldest daughter, has passed through two years of the literary course at the same university, has been teaching, and will complete her scholastic course at the U. of U. at the age of twenty-four. Karl P., the second son, 19 years old, is in a neighboring high school. Margaret E., ten years old, has marked literary tastes. Mr. Fergu- son says : "The mother at Riverside Ranch strives with marked success to make of it a happy home. For some reason, best known to various members of '70, the Ranch has not had the privilege of entertaining any one of the old class, except Thomson, about 30 years ago. Hence it would be a matter of great surprise and no little enjoyment to its inmates if some one, or all at once, should drop in for a visit. How to reach the place? Riverside Ranch is in the center of the universe, five miles from White Pigeon, six miles from Shipshewana, three miles from a railroad, two miles from a post office, and has telephone privileges with everywhere." 106 Class of 70, University of ]\Iichigan. In May, 1896, classmate Ferguson, through a serious acci- dent, came near heing numbered with the "has beens." A deter- mination to hve many more years is responsible for his gradual returning strength. One winter spent in Florida materially aided returning health. His expectation is to continuously enjoy the labor and material comforts of the farm, and participate in the profits of Texas oil, a gold mine, and to increase deposits in the Home Sand Bank, while guiding the development of the family. He says in reply to a request for his photograph, that he would rather be remembered as the bovs knew him. Morris Bishop Foster, B.S. Hector, Renville Co., Minn, If the aphorism "Happy is the nation whose annals are short" applies to men as well as to na- tions ^Ir. Foster should have grounds for contentment in that the salient points of his after col- lege life are not numerous. He was born Jan. 15, 1843, i''' Kt^t^ler- ville, \'an I'uren Co., Mich. His youth was passed very much as that of farmer's sons generally — in attending district school winters and helping on the farm summers. He joined the Union Army in September, '61. enlisting in Co. D, 66th Regt. 111. Vol. Inf. He took an active part in the- battles of Ft. Donelson, Shiloh or Pittsliurg Landing, Siege of Corinth, battle of Inka, battle of Corinth, and the daily skirmishes and encounters of Sherman's march to the sea. During the three years of his service he was ill and disabled for duty only about five weeks in all, having escaped wholly from being wounded in Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 107 battle. On his return from the army he commenced preparation for college at the Union School, Decatur. Mich., from which he was graduated June 30, 1867. He entered the University of Michigan in September of the same year as a sophomore in the class of '70. He was a member of the Literary Adelphi and of the Philozetian debating club. Mr. Foster spent the two years following his graduation from the university in educational work in Michigan. He was superin- tendent of schools at Benton Harbor and also at Saginaw — one year at each place. At the latter place he married Miss Katherine Louise Folwell, of Kcndara. Seneca Co., New York, a graduate of Mount Holyoke College and a sister to Dr. W. W. Folwell, the political economist. From Saginaw Mr. Foster went to Minnesota. Was super- intendent of schools in the city of Wabasha for four years. While there he acquired land in Penville Co. and moved to Glencoe to be near his property interests. He held the position of superintendent of schools at Glencoe for two years until he decided to locate on his farm near Hector, where he has since lived, with the exception of five years in the village. In 1878 the railway was just pushing the frontier beyond the Minnesota line, but twenty-three years have made the North Star State the middle instead of the far West, and transformed an un- scathed prairie into a prosperous agricultural region. In his locality for many years he and his brother, Riley Foster (Ann Arbor, '72) were the only college men. His section now has a fair sprinkling of that element, Ann Arbor being represented in the younger generation. Mr. Foster has been continuously engaged in farming, but has found time to forward the local and educational interests of his section as supervisor and school board member for many years. He has been a close student of politics without being either a politician or a party devotee and has stood for Democratic national politics since Cleveland's first nomination. Mr. Foster has four children, three sons and a daughter, Adele Folwell, Bainbridge W., Thomas and Robert Morris. The 108 Class of '70, University of Michigan. first two are graduates of Hamline University, St. Paul. The younger sons are graduates of the high school at Hector. Bain- bridge, the eldest son, well-known in Minnesota athletic circles, is in the employ of the National Life and Trust Co. of Des Moines, la. Miss Foster follows high school teaching. Thomas is a sopho- more at Hamline. Robert, who combines some musical ability with a hammer throw record, has recently become a freshman at the same college. It is a source of regret to the subject of this sketch that, though he has returned several times to Michigan, he has so far not been able to revisit Ann Arbor or attend a class reunion. Nevertheless his loyalty to his Alma Mater has not grown cold, nor has his interest in her educational progress and athletic attainments be- come less keen than in 1870. George Jay French, A.B. Homttf Mich. He was born in a log house on a stony farm two miles north of Tekonsha, Mich., and ten miles south of Marshall on the old stage route between ^larshall and Cold- water. January 31. 1847. His father's name was Geo. H. French, born in Junius, Seneca Co., N. Y., January 18, 1820, died September 14, 1898. His grand- father was ])orn in Massachusetts. His mother's name was Sarah D. Redfield, ])orn in Junius, August 21, 1820, and now resides in Homer. His father was quite a prominent man in politics and church and town affairs. He was state senator at Lansing two terms during the war of 1861 to 1865. He was director in two railroads. For 40 years he was Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 109 superintendent of the Presbyterian Sunday School, and for many years elder in the Presbyterian Church. (jeorge J., with his parents, moved from Tekonsha to Homer at the early age of two years. He says: "I began attending district school at Homer at a time beycjnd my recollection, probably about 1852 or 1853. In looking back it seems as if there never was a time in my early history when I was not in school. I also attended Sunday School at an early age. I became a convert to the Christian religion in the spring of 1861, and joined the Presbyterian Church at Homer. Among the many teachers I was under may be mentioned Prof. Eugene Tenney and Harriet Tenney, who for many years was state librarian at Lansing. Rev. Bela Fancher was my instructor in Latin several years." In January, 1866. he entered the senior class at the Ypsilanti L^nion School under Prof. Estabrook, being graduated with the class of 1866. He entered the University of Michigan in Sep- tember, 1866. joined the literary society Alpha Nu and the Philozetian debating club. He was for a time in a Sunday School class at the Presbyterian Church under Prof. A. K. Spence. They used a Greek testament. His chum, during all the four years at Ann Arbor, except the first five weeks, was Charles R. Whitman, and he proved to be a good partner. Mr. French writes : "Our quarrels were few and of short duration. Almost invariably he would leave me Friday evening for Ypsilanti and return Mon- day morning. The attraction there was supposed to he a certain young lady, who afterward became his wife. One of the biggest scares I got while at Ann Arbor was when Penfield and I took a boat ride on the river and on our return the owner of the boat swore at us most diabolically and threatened to have us arrested for stealing his boat. I was in abject terror for several days there- after, expecting at any moment to see the officer of the law come and carry me off to jail, l)ut he came not." He was married February 15, 1882, at Oberlin, Ohio, to Ella May Rood. The children born to them are Anna Rood French, born Nov. 26, 1882, and Edward Homer French, born June 24, 1887. He died 110 Class of '70, University of jMichigan. September 30, 1898. After leaving' Ann Arbor in June, 1870, Mr. French engaged in the mercantile business with his father until 1887, when they sold out and since that time George J. has been agent for different nurseries and has done considerable farm work. He has for years been a regular correspondent for several newspapers, viz., the Detroit Post. Detroit Free Press, the Mar- shall Statesman and the Jackson Daily Citizen. He was village recorder and school inspector for several }ears. He has not taken much interest in political questions, except as an on-looker, and has not aspired to public positions very much. Says "that he did at one time make an eft'ort to get the appointment as postmaster, but faikxl." As to his travels he says: "I have not attended the class reunions very much, but I was at Ann Arbor in June, 1876, on my way to the Filadeltia Exposition. In the winter of 1877-8 I was in Kansas and Missouri, most of the time at Fort Scott, Kansas, and Carthage, Joplin and Nevada, Mo. I was clerk in a store part of the time and a book agent. I also spent a short time at Dennison, Texas. In 1874 I took a trip from Detroit to Chi- cago by the Great Lakes, stopping one hour at Mackinac, two hours at Charlevoix, and two hours at ^lilwaukee. In October, 1872, I visited Xew York City, called upon Carter, who was there at that time. I visited New York again in 1876 and that is the last time I was there. I have visited Chicago, Detroit. Toledo, Cleveland. Cincinnati and St. Louis several times for business or pleasure. I have been in Washington only once, that was in 1876. My daittcr and I attended the grand encampment of the G. A. R. at Chicago in August. 1900. Though rather slender and frail looking, my health is generally good. I am one of the light weights. About 125 to 128 pounds is my average weight. I at- tended the reunion of June, 1900. and was so much pleased that I shall try and be present at all the reunions hereafter. My only regret was that I had not attended all of them, and my wife or daiitcr sJiitd Inn- bcii with me. The hospitable treatment at Prof. Beman's zcil long remain as a pleasant memory. U pcrsccz' soiii of mv sf'cliiig is pckuUar. I am and hav ben for years an adrocat DeI'ARTMEXT Ol- LiTIiRATUKE, SciEXCE, AND ArTS. Ill of the fonetic method and this is my excuse for the omission of soiii Ict'rs which seem J nic 2 b superfluous." Mr. French and wife visited the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo in the month of ()ctol)er. 1901, spenchng some time there and at Xiatrara Fahs and vicinitv. Charles R Gilbert, C.E., M.E. Berkeley, California. He was l)orn ]\Iarch 16, 1846, at Bridgeport. Conn. His mother died when he was five years old. He attended l^oarding school in Connecticut and at Syracuse, X. Y., in his youth. Went to Florida with his father in 1858. His father died in 1862. Entered the Rehel army in '63 in First Battery of Florida Light Artillery. Was paroled in '65. when he went to X^orwalk. Conn., and prepared for college. Entered University of Michigan in class of '69, as sopho- more, hut failing eyesight com- pelled him to give up study at end of first semester. Entered class of '70 a year later, graduating, receiving degrees of C.E. and M.E. He was elected vice-president of his class in senior year. After Commencement, in June, '70, went to Sedalia. Mo., where he was employed as draughtsman and section engineer on M., K. & T. Railway. Was later engaged with Aleyendorff, of '70, in build- ing a bridge over the Wabash river and employed on "The Rail- road Ga.cette" at Chicago, reporting the progress and condition of bridge building in the West. From July, '71 - to August, '74, he was with X'^oble, of '70, on St. Mary's Falls Canal as U. S. assist- ^K ^ /.^JjHj^^^^H '"'mI m- tu 112 Class of '70, Uxiversitv of Michigan. ant engineer. In August. "74. he was sent to take charge of the construction of Sand Beach Harbor of Refuge on Lake Huron, where he remained until February, '88. He then accepted the position of secretary and general manager of the Edison Illuminat- ing Company of Detroit. ]Mich.. which company he had previously helped to organize. For three years he gave divided attention to the Government work at Sand Beach, Alich., and the Illuminating- Company in Detroit, until the completion of the work at Sand Beach. He remained with the Detroit Company until Jul}- i. 1896, \\hen failing in health and tempted by the glorious climate of California, where he had already spent several winters, he ac- cepted the position of general manager of the Sacramento Electric. Gas & Railway Co.. and located at Sacramento. Cal. At hrst the change was beneficial, but after two years residence on the Sacra- mento river he contracted swamp malaria and promptly resigned his position and moved to Berkeley. Cal.. a suburb of San Francisco. Shortly after he took the position of general manager of the Standard Electric Company of California, which compau}- was organized for the purpose of generating electric energy by water power, in the foothills of the Sierra mountains and transmitting the same to San Francisco and other coast cities, a distance of about 150 miles. From the active management of this company he drifted into the financial promotion of this and other projects. In order to be free to carry out these plans he severed his con- nection with the Standard Company April i, 1901. and has since then, to date, been taking life easier, giving only part of his time and attention to business matters. He enjoys fairly good health, but requires and takes occasional rest from active business. Was married May 22, 1872, to Mary J. Lull, of Chicago, 111. Children : Jennie Lull and Mary Louise. Alember Sigma Phi fraternity in college ; Knight Templar and 32 degree Mason ; Noble of The jNIystic Shrine. In 1897 he organized the "Pacific Coast Electric Transmission Association" and was its first president. His present address is 2527 Channing Way, Berkeley, California. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 113 Otis Erastus Haven, A.M., M.D. Died at Evanston, III., February 3, 1888. He was born in Alalden, Mass., July 2y, 1849. His father. Rev. E. (3. Haven, D.D., LL.D., was one of the most prominent men in the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was for some years a professor in the University of Michigan ; later, editor of Zion's Herald, published in Boston, was a member of the state senate of Massachusetts, and a member of the state board of education. He was afterwards president of the University of Michigan, still later president of Northwestern University, at Evanston, 111., and at the time of his death, he was one of the Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was a man of great refinement, high scholarship and unusual executive ability. Otis possessed many of his father's characteristics. He was pre- pared for college at the Boston Latin School and at the Ann Arbor Union School and entered the University of Michigan in September, 1866. He was a member of the Psi Upsilon fraternity. Was one of the speakers at the Junior exhibition. After graduation, he went to Chicago, as corresponding clerk for A. H. Andrews & Co., for six months, and then went to McGregor, Iowa, as superintendent of public schools and re- mained there a little over two years. He then received the ap- pointment as superintendent of public schools at Evanston, 111., and held this position until 1881. He organized the public schools of Evanston, including the high school, upon a basis which made the schools known throughout the state as schools of the highest grade. He entered Rush Medical College, Chicago, and graduated 114 Class of '70, University of Michigan. in February, 1883, and at once commenced the practice of medicine at Evanston. He had won the confidence of all the peo- ple of Evanston, during the years of his residence there and soon acquired a fine practice. During these years, he was a member of the board of education and had much to do with the construc- tion of some of the best school buildings of the city. He was sick but a short time with typhoid fever and died February 3, 1888, at Evanston. He married Aliss Alice L. Sutherland, of Ann Arbor, August 2, 1 87 1. She died August 14, 1898, leaving one daughter, Grace P>ances. who was born October 22, 1872. Grace makes her home with her father's most intimate friend, H. H. C. Miller, at Evans- ton, 111. She has been abroad twice, once for fourteen months with the family of Prof. H. S. Carhart, of the University of Michigan, and again for about four months, with the family of Mr. Miller. James Alfred Hay ward, C.E. Died off the Texas Coast, August J 2, 1880. Was born at Dublin, Cheshire Co., N. H., Sept. 12, 1849. His father, James Hayward, was a farmer and tanner and died in the early fifties. James Alfred's mother's maiden name was Amy Cushman Hoag, born in Tomhannock, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., died in Denver, Colorado, 1890. He received a common school education. Finished his preparation for entering the university at Antioch College. He entered the University of Michigan in the fall of 1866. Joined the Literary Adelphi. Immediately after graduation in '70, he engaged as assistant engineer with a rail- road survey party on the L. L. & G. R. R. in Kansas. Took charge of the transit and continued in that position until his eye- sight failed. The severe strain on his eyes, never very strong, was too great and he became nearly blind and was obliged to relinquish his task. He subsequently engaged in the machine shops of the Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 115 L. L. & G. R. R. at Lawrence, Kan. He was soon promoted and at different times was offered desirable positions on the road. He finally went out as fireman of a locomotive, but was not satisfied and left in March, '71, and went to Ohio and embarked in the map making business without much success, being troubled with chills and fever. He then, Aug. i, ''jz, went to Minnesota and engaged as fireman on Winona & St. Peters R. R. and in two months time gained thirty pounds in weight. He then accepted a position as draftsman and deputy county surveyor in La Crosse, Wis. His work being finished he went to Milwaukee, Chicago and Rock Island in search for work. Finally joined Willits and W^aters, of '70, at that place in the map business, but it did not last long. In summer of 'y^)^ he received, through Ripley, of '70, an appoint- ment as draftsman on a government survey in Texas, and subse- quently, Ripley obtained for him an appointment as assistant LT. S. engineer, which position he retained until March, '75, a portion of the time having charge of a surveying party and part of the time being stationed at the mouth of the Mississippi river assisting on important w^orks there. On July 26, 'y^^^ previous to his going south, he married Miss Ida Upjohn, of Kalamazoo, formerly of Ann Arbor. The winters of '74 and '75, they resided in New Orleans, but in March, '75, they both returned to Michigan. For a few months he was idle, but in the fall of '75, he accepted an offer from Bird & Mickle, map publishers at Jackson, and re- mained with them until March, '76- On April 26, '76, his wife died in childbirth, wrecking his hopes completely. In June, '76, he returned to New Orleans and while there wrote several articles for the Engineering News and the Chicago Times, criticising the jettie works of Capt. Jas. B. Fads at South Pass, Mississippi river. In October, '76, he received an appointment as draftsman in U. S. Engineer's office, New Orleans, and in November, y6, an appoint- ment as assistant U. S. engineer in charge of a survey in Galveston r)ay, where he was still engaged in 'yy. In '80, he had charge of 116 Class of 70, University of Michigan. dredging operations at the mouth of Sabine river and was stationed for a time at Sabine Pass. In the summer of '80. he pur- chased the twelve ton schooner, "Amedeo." and took a cruise in the Gulf, west of Galveston, having on board with him two other persons. On July 9, '80, they passed out over Pass Cavallo bar on their return to Galveston. On Wednesday morning, July 11th, when the vessel was about seventeen miles oiT the mouth of the Brazos river and about forty-two miles from Galveston, a terrible storm overtook them. About 9 o'clock it broke in all its fury. The craft was made as secure as possible and allowed to drift for about thirty hours. At times the vessel would run under until the water would reach the mainmast, and so great was the altitude of the waves that while resting in the trough of the sea the sails flapped for want of breeze to fill them, effectually placing manage- ment out of the question. The schooner was headed for shore when it was found impossible to longer keep her afloat, and when within about a mile of Padre beach, at 10 o'clock Thursday night, July 12, she was struck by a breaker and capsized in an instant. A moment after the only survivor, W. S. Lapham, who furnished this information, saw ]\Iajor Hayward on the opposite side of the boat struggling in the waves. He was never seen afterwards. The schooner washed ashore on Padre Island and his trunk, con- taining private papers and other effects, was taken from the wreck, but his body was never found. Flags were put at half mast on vessels in the harbor on receipt of intelligence of his death. His sister, Miss Emily A. Hayward, has for some time been teaching in Chicago. Her present address is No. 2626 N. 42d Ave., Chicago. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 117 John Collins Rowland, M.S. Washington, D. C. Was born in ]\Iundy, near Flint, Genesee Co., Michigan, September 27. 1849. His father, Henry H. Howland, a hneal de- scendant of Howland of Plymouth Rock Colony and a pioneer in the Town of Mundy. was an extensive farmer and stock raiser. His mother, Esther P. \'an Tifflin, was of colonial descent on her mother's side, and Holland Dutch on her father's side. Her father, as a }outh. came to the United States near the close of the i8th century, upon the death of his father and the confiscation of his estates by the French in 1795. During" his vouth John C. attended district school during winters and farmed the balance of the year, with the exception of two years at the Flint High School just prior to entering the University of Michi- gan with the freshman class of 1869. His preparation for college was at home and the best district school in the county. He was with the class of '69 for two years, but preferring- to graduate with the class of '70 he became principal of the high school at Grand Blanc, remaining six months and managed his father's farm the balance of the year. In college he joined the Alpha Xu literary society and the Philozetian del^ating clulx Was elected vice-presi- dent of his class January 30, 1869. After the class day exercises in '70 he spent the summer taking the census of several towns under the U. S. ^Marshal, in his home county, and with the Marshal at Detroit. During the winter of '70-1 began the study of law and continued until appointed assist- ant clerk of the House of Representatives at Lansing in January, 118 Class of '70, University of Michigan. '71, where he served for two sessions. In the meantime continued the law, being- for about six months with the law class of 'j;^ at the University of Michigan. In the spring of 'j2 he entered the law ofifice of E. Y. Swift, at Detroit, as a salaried law clerk, and remained for over a year, in the meantime being admitted as an attorne}' in the supreme court, and other courts of the state upon examination; was appointed clerk of the supreme court of Michi- gan in April, 1873, and sensed as such under his former professor, Chief Justice Thos. ^I. Cooley, who then and ever afterwards was a most cherished friend and adviser. Upon the removal of the court to Lansing late in 1873 by an act of the Legislature, he opened a law office in Detroit, where he practiced till 1885. He had cases in various parts of the state and Canada. In 1875 he traveled through the Eastern states and Canada. In '76, he represented Detroit as one of the delegates to the Commercial convention at Atlanta, Georgia, after which he traveled through all the Southern states, except Texas. He visited the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia in 1876, also Cape Cod, Plymouth Rock — the home of his ancestors — P)OSton, Washington, New York, and other places. The summer of 1877 was spent upon the lakes and in the Great Northwest, partly on business and partly on pleasure. Sum- mers of '78 and *79 were spent at watering places, the seashore and pleasure resorts among the mountains, East and West. Mr. Howland has been active in politics as a Republican from '70 to the present ; attended nearly all the Republican state conventions as a delegate, as well as county conventions, and was frequently an ofificer in the conventions. He was on the stump as a speaker in every national and state election from 1874 to 1890: also was active as a speaker in 1896. On May 18, 1881. he married Miss Beatrice A. Tharpe, of Macon, Georgia, one of the most beautiful and charniing young ladies of the South, whose father was a lieutenant colonel in the Confederate army, and whose ancestry was of Revolutionary stock ; returned to Detroit after spending some time at Chatta- Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 119 nooga and in the mountain resorts. Continued a general law practice until April, 1885, when, by order of his physician, he was obliged to remove his wife to save her life to a southern climate. Upon his wife's recovery he began the practice of law at Macon, Ga.. and continued before all the courts of the state until entering the Department of the Interior at Washington, D. C, in July, 1890, as principal examiner of land claims and contests. He was employed in many very important cases in the superior and supreme coiu'ts of Georgia, and only lost one case in the latter court out of a score or more argued ; in fact his knowledge of the common law, learned under Judge Cooley, made it easy to analyze the code of Georgia and win, over the code lawyers without com- mon law training. In November, 1S86, his son was born. He is now nearly 16, a fine looking, athletic boy, good student and fond of outdoor life, and anxious to enter West Point, though his parents desire him to enter his father's Alma Mater. In 1889-90 Mr. Howland repre- sented Georgia as delegate to the American Shipping and In- dustrial League, taking an active part in its session. He resigned from the General Land Office in the summer of 1893 and entered upon the practice (jf law, largely before departments. He ap- peared in many cases before all the courts of the District of Columbia and in some in \'irginia ; was counsel in very many of the largest land cases l^efore the Land Department, involving from a half million dollars up, notably the Ft. Brooke, Florida, case which was won on the strength of his arguments in different cases arising during his practice in the department and against some of the most notable lawyers in the V. S. He was induced by the present Commissioner of the Land Office to re-enter the service in June, 1900, though the step is now regretted by him. It came about from having, out of sport, taken the civil service examina- tion in 1898, as assistant attorney for the Interior Department, and passing 92.50 out of 100, without a day's preparation, and the second on the list. It was done out of curiosity and to determine 120 Class of '70, University of Michigan. whether the hit^hest examination — class No. 2,000 to 3,000 — pos- sessed any charm. He extends a general and cordial invitation to all of '70 memhers to call upon him at the General Land Office. Frank Howard Howe, A.B., LL.B. Died at New York City, December 29, J 897. He was horn at Green Bay, \\'is., ]\Iay 10. 1850. His father was Hon. Timothy (His Howe, of honora])k' ancestry — an im- mediate descendant of John 1 lowe, of Marlhorough and Sud- l)nry, Mass. He was born at Turner, jNlaine; became a lawyer; entered the ]\Iaine Legislature, l)Ut by reason of failure of health re- moved to Wisconsin ; became cir- cuit court judge in that state; was elected to the U. S. Senate in i860, where he was a prominent figure during and after the Civil War for three consecutive terms — 18 years. He became Post- master General under President Arthur in Decemlier, 1881, and died in March, 1883. Frank Howe's mother was Linda Ann Haines, also of honorable ancestry. One of her forbears in this countrv was Hon. Thomas Dudley, colonial governor of Massa- chusetts. She was also a native of JNlaine. iM-ank's early educa- tion was acquired at Green Bay, Wis., and at Ripon College, Ripon. Wis., from which place he went to the Cniversity of Michi- gan in the fall of 1867 and entered the class of '70. with which he was graduated. He then went to Washington, D. C, assisting DEPARTiMENT OF LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND AkTS. 121 his father as dork to one of the senate coniniittccs of which Senator Howe was chairman, and afterwards, when his father be- came Postmaster General, he became chief clerk of the Post Ofifice Department. In the meantime he had taken a law course at Columbian College Law School, Washint^tnn, from which he was graduated in 1872. He was admitted to the bar, commenced the practice of law and subsequently held a responsible position in the Department of Justice. However, he disliked the practice of law and hnally removed to New York, where he occupied himself in literary work. He was a man of superior intellect and unusual attaimnents, being- an omnivor- ous reader and searcher of great libraries. ( )ne of his specialties was medieval French literature, and another was metaphysical speculations. Jlis first novel, "A College Widow," met with a ready sale and attracted a good deal of attention. He was also the author of "New Evadne," "Ocular Delusion,"' besides doing a great deal of newspaper work. He was always one of the most welcome presences in social circles and became, in middle life, of distinguished appearance. At college he was a member of the Psi Cpilson fraternity and the Literary Adelphi society. He was married in 1879 to Miss Ella Ray, of Washington. D. C, ami had one son Frank Ray, born in 1884. Mr. Howe died suddenly December 29, 1897, of a seizure pronounced by the physician to be heart failure, at the age of 47. He leaves one sister, Mrs. Mary Howe Totten, wife of Major Totten, of Washington, D. C. 122 Class of '70, University of Michigan. Washington Hyde, Ph.B., LL.B. Warren, Ohio. He says: "What I have writ- ten here will be of little interest I fear. One's own life is of supreme importance to himself, but, of necessity, must be of limited in- terest to others. I was the eldest of my father's family, and born ^Nlay 7, 1847. (3n my father's side, of Xew York and Connecti- cut ancestry ; on my mother's, I'ennsylvania Dutch. From my father I inherited a good constitu- tion : from my mother, mental traits. My father was a farmer, and early met with financial ill luck, and I was compelled to struggle hard for my education. At 14 I commenced attending Western Reserve Seminary in my native town. For three years I rang the bell for my tuition, working at home in vacations. These were happy days. At 17 I taught my first district school. By teaching wdnters and going to the seminary the spring and fall terms, I was graduated in 1867. I do not know how it was, but from my earliest recollection I had a love for books and a desire for knowledge. Western Re- serve Seminary, in those days, was quite a large school, and had a wide influence. Senator Stewart, of Nevada, was once a stu- dent there. Among the instructors were many able men and women ; of the latter, was Miss Isabella Thobum, who went to India soon after leaving the seminary. Aly studies at the semin- ary, and the influence of my instructors there, had much to do with forming my mind and character. Looking back to those days, and judging myself as best I can, I seem to be now very much as I was then, onlv in a larger degree. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 123 In the fall of 1867 I went to the University of Michigan, in- tending- to take optional stndies for a year, as it did not seem possible to go longer. But I could not withstand my desire to enter the class of "70 after I had been there a short time. I was up in mathematics, but short in the languages. The trouble was, that my studies in the seminary had not been arranged to prepare me properly to enter the imiversity. I never before or since, worked so hard as I did that year. I had no time for social pleasure, and did not get acquainted with many of my class. There was not a happier fellow in the university in the spring of '68 than I was, when I was allowed to be enrolled with the class of '70. with the privilege of working up some sophomore Latin in mv junior year. What a tine looking class it was ! What would I not give to live over just one of those days again. Just to meet together as we used to do. To hear one lecture from Prof. Cocker ; one from Prof. Winchell and one •— If we only knew how to judge rightly, how would we not clasp many things, as with hooks of steel, to our very souls, that we too often allow to pass lightly. Graduation day came, we held our last class meeting, and separated. The summer of '70 I spent happily in the law library. Judge Cooley having given me charge of it. Entered the law class in the fall. Taught a three months school at Flushing, in the winter, to help out the financial end. Came back for spring lectures ; read law in Cleveland summer of 1871 ; went to the uni- versity in fall and graduated with the law class of '72. On July 5, 1872, William R. Day, of '70, and I were admitted to the bar of this state, together, at Ashland. That was 30 years ago; it seems l)ut yesterday. What of tliose 30 years? Much — little. They have all been busy years. I have followed my profession continuously. From 1880 to 1885 I was prosecuting attorney; otherwise have not held office. They have not brought me wealth, but a modest competence. I have six children living. Miss Jessie, the oldest, was graduated at Obcrlin in the class of 1901. and was 124 Class of 'yo, University of Michigan. assistant German teacher in the public schools of Vounostown last year. ]My oldest boys, (leorge and Charles, are fast approaching" manhood. Aly three youngest. Elhvard. Lillian and Clarence, till the house and hearts of their father and mother with happiness. My law })ractice has been general, as it is impossible to specialize in a town the size of Warren. I do not know in what way more than another, if any, 1 am most efficient as a lawyer, un- less it be as a court law\-er, as we say in Ohio : that is. in the trial of cases to a court instead of a jury. The most important case I ever had is reported in \ol. 47. page 556 of the Ohio State Re- ports. The most disastrous law suit I ever had, to my clients, was over a mother turkey and her brood. I'.oth plaintiff and tlefeud- ant claimed the turkeys. They were neighbors and members of the same church. The plaintiff replevined the turkeys from the defendant and the latter came to me to take his case. This was 25 years ago. The first jury disagreed ; the secontl gave a verdict for the plaintiff, .\gainst my advice my client appealed, and on the final trial lost his case. A church trial followed and the com- munity where this occurred has not gotten fully over the turkey law suit yet. Speaking of the present. F am more fully employed than ever before in my life. Am director and attorney for several business corporations: vice-president of the Second National IJank; presi- dent of The Warren and Xiles Telephone Co.. etc. I hope to live to work a good man\- years yet. Am in the prime and vigor of my life. I owe much to my home life, which is all my heart can wish. I have traveled quite extensively in our own country ; but have never been abroad. My famil}- antl myself go fre(|ucntly to Chautau me. It was hy mere chance, therefore, or fate, we came to North America, where, at Quebec several of the crew, including four boys, decided to desert the ship. One of the latter and myself at midnight escaped to the shore on a raft. We had sworn each to the other, never to suffer capture, and to use our knives in defense. It was, therefore, the flashing of the knives in the darkness and our refusal to talk that intimidated the watch, wdio would have made an immediate arrest. While he stepped back to whistle for help, we dashed away to- ward the river and hid in a lumber pile until the noise of skurry- ing feet had died away. We then made off and hid in the hills and woods several days until our shij) sailed away, living principally on wild berries. Later, we tried in vain to find another ship and return to sea, but failing in this, and not caring much whither w'e went, struck owt west through the French settlements, where the people, seeing we had come from a ship, treated us most kindly. I had only one penny on landing, and had, beside our big knives, a roll of stout string to bind the rafts we might make in crossing rivers. We traveled westerly seven hundred miles. Our ad- ventures in this would fill a book. At length halting on the ex- treme northern frontier of western Canada, near the Georgian Bay, I found a brother who had emigrated from Scotland at an earlier date. Here we learned the A, B, C of backwoods life, fell- ing trees, splitting rails, building log huts, fashioning rude utensils with saw and axe ; planting our little crop between the stumps and to our simple fare occasionally adding the maple sugar and syrup we made and the game we trapped, and the speckled trout from the brook caught with bent pin and worm, or with a trap. Our only books were the Bible and Dick's Philosophy on Mechanics. These my brother sometimes read aloud at night, while I sat at his side furnishing light by holding up splinters of pitch-pine, con- 142 Cr.ASS OF '70, University of Alien r;ax. suminj;- one piece after another, until our cabin was filled with smoke and it was time to sleep. 1 recall how this smoke finally made a black cobweb drapery that swunt;' low from all the rafters in the cabin. All this ended when a tiaw ajipeared in the title to our 100 acres of land : we lost everything- and left the country and 1 never again heard of my sailor boy companion. It was with borrowed money I secured deck passage on a tramp steamer bound for the copper mines, near Ontonag-on. Lake Superior; and with a plank for a bed. a block of wood for a pillow, and bread antl cheese for food, carried in a handkerchief, I followed my brother, who had preceded me, to the mines. Here were hundreds of miners with money plenty, nuich gambling, drinking, dancing and fighting, l)ut from these we kept aloof, though the whiskey, in our board- ing house, was daily passed around, free as water. We never tasted this, just passed it along, the miners taking no ottense at_ our refusal. Here suddenly appeared the possibility of getting the education we had always dreamed of. That our father, whose memory we most reverently cherishetl, was a man of some learning and had taken some part in ])ublic matters and was highly respected by his fellow-citizens, had a lasting iniluence on us. The short day's work of eight hours, though imderground 600 to 1,000 feet, and $16 to $20 per month with board, gave us the opportunity we had craved. Our first study A\as Monieth's Series of Geography, be- ginning with the outlines. No. i, a mere primer. This we fairly devoured, also learning to spell every word in the book. Follow- ing this came Numbers 2 and 3, finally making us fully proficient in that study. We took up. also, grammar, arithmetic, writing and spelling. We carried the spelling books in our belts, under- ground, and studietl at leisure moments by the light of our lamps or candles, and in this way mastered every word in the book and likewise became proficient in spelling. I^ach day, on emerging from the nunc and changing our wearing apparel, we withdrew from the societv of our fellows and climbed the hills to dream of Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 143 the future, and study, and recite our lessons to each other. At length, one of the happy days of our lives arrived. One year and a half had passed at the mines and we had saved about $300.00 each, when we began our march down through the woods to Ontonagon, where we took steamer to Detroit and thence bv rail to the Michigan State Normal School at Ypsilanti, where, with liveliest sentiments of alternating hope and fear, we took our ex- amination for admission and title to our place among 500 young men and women students. Thus was reached the first step in the ladder leading to higher ideals. Then followed two years of most arduous study; but meanv/hile the war of the rebellion had be- gun. iNIcClellan's army had been defeated on the James River. The victorious army of the South was marching northward, and Lincoln was calling for 300.000 more men. There was no resist- ing the fiery orations heard at the war mass meetings, nor the war songs, "Star Spangled Banner," and "Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys ;" no cooling the blood down to suit a student's life when comrades, under arms, were marching away with flags flying to the music of fife and drum, so I became a soldier anxious to earn the right to call the flag with the stars and stripes, my flag, and joined a company of Normal students and the 17th Regiment of Michigan Infantry. Our regiment marched to the front at once and was in every battle whenever it was possible to reach the field, serving under McClellan. Burnside, Sherman and ( irant. We took part in South Mountain, iVntietam, Fredericksburg, A'icks- burg, Jackson, Campbell's Station, Knoxville, Wilderness and Spottsylvania, besides several minor engagements. I was wounded at Campbell Station, on the retreat to Knoxville. At Spottsyl- vania, May 12, 1864, our regiment was nearly annihilated. We had left the State of Michigan one thousand strong and had received later about two or three hundred recruits. In our campaigns of nearly two years, many a comrade had dropped from our ranks, killed, wounded, sick or captured, so out of about 1,500 men on that May 12th, we had only 225 men for battle ; while charging the enemies works we were surrounded and engaged in a hand-to- 144 Class of '70, University of Michigan. hand fight where all were killed, wounded or captured, except 31 men who managed to escape and of the 80 or 90 prisoners, in- cluding myself, taken to Andersonville, Georgia, few ever re- turned. In September, 1864, ji^^st before Sherman's army began its famous "marching through Georgia," many thousands, the strong- est of the thirty-five thousand prisoners in Andersonville, were removed to Florence and Salisbury and other prisons to prevent their recapture by Sherman. I was of those who went to Florence, but on arriving at the prison gate, comrade sergeant-major W. H. Russell and myself, by previous arrangement, made a dash from the guards and escaped to the swamps of South Carolina, but at the moment of flight, we, unfortunately, got separated, each going alone. We were pursued by soldiers and by bloodhounds, which lost our trail when we took to the waters of a creek or river; falling rain also favored us. obscuring the scent and confusing the hounds ; thus, while sitting against a tree in the forest on a rainy day, a bloodhound passed within a few feet, without noting my presence. Traveling was done mostly in the night, with the north star for a guide. Traversing the forest in a direct line and wad- ing through swamps without getting lost was largely due to my experience in the Canadian forests. Yet sometimes the luxuriant vegetation and soft nuul in the swamps threatened to entomb me, compelling a retreat and a passage around the swamps on more solid ground. In the meantime, the escape of several other prisoners had spread general alarm throughout the state, causing many South Carolinians to turn out with shotguns and rifles and guard every road and river and ford, using every bloodhound available. On coming suddenly upon such pickets in the night, they were usuall}- passed by laying down for a time, then patiently creeping away until out of danger. Thus one night, two guards advanced and sat down within ten feet of where I had suddenly dropped on the ground at their appearance. To lie still until they moved away seemed best, but overcome with fatigue, I fell asleep and upon awakening, alarmed at the situation, began to creep DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ArTS. 145 away, inch l)y inch, until it was safe to be otT again. On the seventh nig^ht, after making- several successful dashes away from men or guards who were suddenly encountered. 1 was recaptured by some Confederate scouts and again returned to Florence prison — comrade Russell was also recaptured — and in Decenil)er, 1864. ^\hen at death's door, I was paroled and later exchanged and liberated, receiving the ofificer's commission of first lieutenant promised me by our colonel at the battle of Spottsylvania at the time of capture ; and on regaining strength, returned to the seat of war just in time to hear the last guns fired near Appomattox, when the Confederate army, under General Lee, surrendered to L^. S. Grant. The war being ended. I resumed a student's life, graduating with the class of '67 of the State Normal School, and at once en- tering the University of Michigan, graduated in the literary de- partment \\ith the class of '70 and in law with the class of '71. In the meantime my brother, A. S. Maltman, had graduated in the Normal School, became a teacher and later one of Chicago's pros- perous and wealthy merchants. After employment in harbor work during a portion of 187 1 and 1872 with the corps of U. S. engineers, I began the practice of law in Chicago and continued same for nearly ten years, or until 1882, when failing health and the urgent need of outdoor life brought me to California. After wandering over that country in a camp wagon with wife and two children, tenting, hunting and fishing, up in the moun- tains and down by the sea, I finally settled in the citv of Los Angeles, resuming the practice of law for one year, when my health again demanded a return to outdoor life. Converting my small Chicago property into cash, I commenced a business career (Los Angeles then, A.D. 1882, had 12,000 inhaliitants, now A.D. 1902, 125,000), beginning by purchasing several tracts of land, on part cash and part credit, subdividing portions of these into city blocks and lots, making from time to time nine difl:'erent sub- divisions ; graded many streets ; planted miles of shade trees and 146 Class of '70. University of Michigan. a tract of land with 60,000 forest trees ; built many houses : con- ducted a farm ; a cattle business ; street railroad construction and operation ; invested in corporate stocks and bonds ; bored for oil and eng;aged in the oil business, the Los Angeles oil fields having begun with the first well bored on m\- land. These labors in Los Angeles continued 16 years, or from 1884 to 1899, and were most arduous and incessant and exclusive of every other purpose, even proper rest and recreation, refusing at all times to indulge in any ambition for the triumphs of public or private preferment outside of mv own business affairs. At length in 1889. believing my work done and that the time had arrived when the claims of labor were satisfied and my fortune ample, I decided to retire permanently fn)m business and return to matters of rest and recreation and more of the mind and heart, taking up again those higher ideals, never wholly forgotten in business cares, glimpses of which were disclosed by a school and college education and which are the best part of it all, ideals due very largely to the mental and social contact with that band of splendid fellows in the university, class of 70, now and ever of most precious memory. As an aid, I invoke good fellowship, the choicest Ijooks, judicious travel and the l)est the world has to give. L'pon entering this new life, so sharply contrasting with the un- fortunate child-life and subsequent toil and struggle, I experience the delight and expectation of those persons who have newly en- tered the world, with increasing rather than diminishing enjoy- ment. Already 1 have traveled extensively in America, from Florida north through the British Dominions ; also in Scotland to the old school where my letters were learned and where I paddled in the burn and picked the gowans, heather and bluebells, and after repairing the ruined slab and inscription on the tomb of my ancestors (now in the very heart of Glasgow), I journeyed to France and Germany. On again resuming travel, which will be very soon, I intend to visit the lands bordering on the Mediterra- nean and will probably continue through Lidia, China, Japan, completing the circle at Los Angeles. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 147 In the midst of such projects, and the\- arc not all simply ma- terial, I am not ig-norinj^- the reflections which all must share whose life heg-ins to \vane, touching the wondrous mystery of this life which, seeming!}-, is leading us. at last, to the foot of another new ladder that would invite our ascension and which extends upward and away to higher and grander conditions, and to — God knows where." In college Mr. Maltman hecame a member of Alpha Delta Phi fraternity, was a speaker at the second Sophomore exhibition, and one of the speakers at the Junior exhil)ition and at class-day exer- cises. He was a member of the L'niversity Idee Club. He married Jennie Williams, of Dixon, 111., Dec. 30, 1874. Children: James \\'., Idieresa I., and William. His present ad- dress is 117 South llroadway. Los Angeles, Cal. Milo Elijah Marsh, B.S., LL.B. Lansingf, Mich. He was born in the township of Brighton, Livingston Co., Alich., Xov. 16, 1847. Was a farmer's boy and passed his early days on his father's farm. During the regular terms he attended the dis- trict school. When al)out 13 years old he went to Fentonville school and remained a couple of years. Later he A\ent to Iowa University for one year, then to Ann Arbor High School for two years and entered the University of Michi- gan in September, 1866, with the class of '70. He was a meinber of the Philozetian debating club and the Literary Adelphi society. After being graduated with the class he traveled through some of 148 Class of '70, University of Michigan. the Western states and visited his brother at Lawrence. Kans. In the fall of 1870 he purchased a horse and buggy at Lawrence and drove through the country back to Michigan, selling some books on the way to pay expenses. He then entered the law department of the University of Alichigan and was graduated in 1872, spend- ing his summer vacations at the old homestead on the farm. He then visited northern Michigan and finally located at Port Huron in the practice of law. In the following year he decided to give up law practice and to take up journalism. He exerted his efforts in the political field, by voice and pen. battling for bimetalism and against trusts and monopolies. In 1875 ^^^- Marsh became more conspicuous in political work, writing and speaking for reforms in legislation with a view of checking the tendency towards cen- tralization. In 1876 was one of the active w^orkers in the "Na- tional party." He continued in this work, editing and publishing a daily and weekly paper at Port Huron. Mich., until 1880, when he arranged to consolidate his publications with a paper at Detroit. But the negotiations finally failed, through no fault of his. He then removed his plant to Pontiac and continued his publications, keeping faith with his patrons, although under no legal obligation to do so, at a loss to him of nearly a thousand dollars. This shows how conscientious, upright and honorable Mr. Alarsh is in his business relations. In the spring of 1883 he consolidated his paper with the Lansing Sentinel, and took up his residence at Lansing. A daily was soon added to the weekly, entailing a large amount of writing and other work necessary to be done in connection with such publications. In addition to this Mr. Marsh was continually speaking during the regular political campaigns, and had the satis- faction of seeing his party finally succeed. Having labored long and continuously without rest his strength finally gave out and he decided to sell out his interest in the pulilications and to lease the plant. The ]\Iarsh heirs, desiring to have the subject of a family legacy in England investigated, delegated Mr. ]Marsh as their rep- resentative to look into the matter. Accordingly, he went to Europe in 1883, searched and found that there was such a legacy^ Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 149 the only question l)eing- to whom chd it l)elong'. He was absent about three luonths and saw many interesting- objects and his- torical places in the Old World. On his return he again entered upon journalism with renewed vigor, but misfortune soon over- took him. A fall upon the ice laid him up for some months, during which he ran behind in his financial affairs, but as his condition improved he was able to liquidate most of his indebtedness. A rent balance, however, for which a promissory note was given, with chattel mortgage security on his household goods yet remained unpaid. This proved, unfortunately, to be the foundation of more trouble for him, for the creditor took undue advantage and en- deavored to take forcil)le possession of the mortgaged property long before the note was due, and assisted by his son, threw ]Mr. Marsh, in his weakened condition, out of the house and against a post, and upon the ground, causing a partial fracture and disloca- tion of the right hip socket joint. As a result j\Ir. j\Iarsh was con- fined to his bed, more or less, for two years and was obliged to use crutches for many years with which to get about. The as- sailants were punished criminally, and in a civil action Mr. Marsh obtained a judgment against them for $4,500. Absolutely nothing was realized on this judgment, as the defendants were execution proof. This litigation was very expensive for Mr. Marsh ; more- over he was eventually compelled to take a course of treatment at a sanitarium extending over two years. He was engaged for about two years in selling goods at whole- sale on the road. In i8c)o Mr. Marsh was appointed Deputy Labor Commissioner for the State of Michigan and held this posi- tion for two years, and was State Statistician of Michigan for the U. S. Department of Agriculture from 1893 to 1897. Since that time he has been engaged in editorial work and journalism, as legislative correspondent for several dailies. He was married Dec. 20. 1871. to ]Miss Ida J. Whitney, of Ann Arbor. Three children, named ]\Iyrtie Amont, Mirabel and Blanche W., were the fruit of this marriage. Mr. Marsh is now living at Lansine:, but is not in verv crood health. 150 Class of "70, University of jMichigan. Rev. William Freeman Matthews, A.M., B.D. Chicagfo, III. Was lK)m ill liethel. At.. Oct. 31. 1849, tlie eldest of ftnir chil- dren. His father. Freeman T. ^Matthews moved to Bloomington, 111., in 1855. Here William attended the public schools and be- j^an preparation for college at the Model School connected with the then new State Normal School, near Bloomington. In 1864 he removed with his parents to Ypsilanti, Mich., where he finished preparation for college. He entered the University of Alichigan in 1866, and was graduated with the class of '70. He was a mem- ber of the Alpha Xu literary society, of the Philozetian (lel)ating club, and was one of the speakers at the Junior exhibition. His first employment after leaving the university was as teacher for one year in the high school at Grand Rapids. Mkh. In 1871 he entered Union Theological Seminary. New York, and was grad- uated therefrom in 1874. For several years following he was en- gaged in Missionary work in New York City. He went to Cier- many in 1878. and pursued studies at the University of Berlin. He visited man\- places of interest in Germany. Switzerland, Italy, France and Fngland, returning after a year's absence to carry out a pleasant and an important undertaking. That is to say. he married ]\Iiss Emma A. Simkins, of Coldwater, Mich., Dec. 23, 1879, and took charge of a church in ^Michigan. During the next twelve years he had several charges in Indiana and Kansas. In 1891 he removed to Kansas City, Mo., where he became connected with the university school for boys as head master and was en- gaged in preparing boys from some of the leading families of Kansas City, for college. He removed to Chicago in 1898, having sold his interests in the school, and has since been engaged in religious, missionary and educational work. He is now engaged in independent work, not being connected with any religious organizaticMi. He has three children — one son and two daughters. His son is pursuing a course in the University of Chicago. He says that, looking back over the past since '70 were to- Dki'Art.ment of LiTKKATUKi;, Scii:nce, and Arts. 151 gether, he feels that he has nian_\' thine^s to l)e thankful for and many l)lessings to acknowledge. That the bitter and the sweet have been mingled in the cup of his experience ; that opportunities for helping his fellow man have not lieen wanting. Those who know him are sure that these opportunities have been improved, and that he has done a good work in elevating the condition of such as have come within the sphere of his intiuence. His interest in his classmates increases with the passing of years and he stands ready to welcome any who may fa\'or him with a call. His pres- ent address is 3608 Lake Ave., Chicago. Michael Alexander Meyendorff, C.E. Seattle, Washington. He was born Dec. 3, 1849, in Letwenia Province, in Russian Poland. His father was a Polish nobleman of rank. When two years old his parents removed to the State of Minsk, where he re- mained until '63, attending three years at the government school (Gymnasium). Un April 17, '63, at the age of 13 years and three months he joined in a Polish in- surrection, with three older brothers, fought in three battles, and was taken prisoner the latter part of June, '63. A\'as kept seven months in prison, six of which were in solitary confinement, and then banished to Tobolsk. Siberia, for life. He traveled on foot seven months to reach Tobolsk, where he remained nine months. For political disturl)ances he was banished from Toliolsk to a 152 Class of '70, University of Michigan. sniallor town. Tomsk. 800 miles farther. I lore he remained nine months, when the I'niietl States (lovermnent. on aeeount of the distinguished services oi his half-hrother. Lo\. JnHan Allen, of New York, during the civil war. interceding for him, and his banishment was changed from Siberia to America. I le reachecl New York April 15. 'hb. and entcrcil the I'niversitv of Michigan with class of "70. on Xovemher 3. "60. In college he ioined the Chi Psi fraternitx and the Alpha Xu literary society, and was a favorite with the young ladies. His parents, accompanied bv three of his sisters, who met him in Xew York, have since been laid awa\' in their graves at Cypress Hill, r.rookhn. \. \'. After graduation he was engagctl in sur\eying on St. L. ^: S. E. R. R. and T. ]\I. & (',. T. R. R. until 'j2. when he was emitloyed in surveying on X. P. R. R. till Xovember. 'j^v 'be work being then suspended, he went io Arizona and then to C'alifornia. stu"- ve}ing for the San joacpiin .S; Ring River Lanal. In June. '73. he accepted the position of chief mineral clerk in Surveyor Cenerars office in Helena, ^loutana. In '74. he started in business for him- self as stu^veyor and agent for patents. I'.y an accident his leg was broken in July o\ same year, and he gave u]) the profession, lie was appointed clerk in the Interior Department. Washington, in January, 'y^. and in Ma\' following was ajipoiiUed superintendent of construction of the L'. S. Assay ( )fiice at 1 lelcna. Mtintaua. and in the fall of "76. Rresident (iraut api^oiiUed him melter in that office. He held the office of C. S. Melter at Helena. }ilontana. un- til the summer of 1893. when the political vicissitudes relegatetl him to private life, and the commercial vicissitudes of the same year reduced him to one of the "has beens." lie was obliged to begin his career anew. In the fall oi i8()4 he was appointed to the lucrative office of city engineer of Helena. Abintana. which office he held until next election, and as a reiitiblican. he lost his job. The year's earning ($i.JOO in warrants, 25 ])er ceiU. discount ) left him as rich as a new-born babe, except he had some of his good- Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 153 to-ordcr-niade-clothcs, \\liich the Ijaljc lacked. During' his incum- bency as city engineer he began preparing- his lecture on "Personal Experiences — Russian Prisons and Siberian Exile," which he de- livered the first time in the summer of 1895. in Helena, Montana, and later on started on a lecturing- tour beyond the confines of the state. The lecture was delivered with llattering success, if the newspaper notices are to lie taken as a measure of it. Among- the more noted audiences before which the lecture was delivered, were those composed of the students of the Universities of Michigan and Wisconsin. Among the more prominent cities he lectured in were Salt Lake, Spokane, Minneapolis. Detroit, St. Joseph and Milwaukee. In Chicago and suburbs he lectured about six months. His last lecture was delivered before the L'nion League dub upon a complimentary invitation from the clul). The Repul)lican National Convention, held in St. Louis on June 12, 1896, found him there in the capacity of one of the special deputy sargeants at arms, and immediately thereafter he went to New York City to work among his countrymen for the Republican ■cause. On August i, 1896, he was called to the Repu])lican head- quarters in Chicago, and took general charge of the Polish voters of the United States. He was appointed special agent of the Gen- eral Land Office, on December 13, 1897. with headquarters at Duluth, Minnesota. In January, 1899, was transferred to Boise, Idaho, and in September. 1901, to Rapid City. South Dakota, at which place he remained until December. 1902, when he was again transferred to Seattle, Wash., where he is now located. He •says he has no wife, no children, "no nothing". 154 Class of '70, University of Michigan. George Washington Mickle, C.E. Kansas City, Mo. Born in Lancaster, Penn., February 17. 1848. His father, John C. Mickle, was a farmer. In his l>oyhood George went with his father's family to Sterhng. 111., w here he obtained his early educa- tion and where he prepared for en- tering college. He entered the L niversity of Alichigan with class of "70 in the fall of 1866, and took the regular civil engineering course and was graduated there- from. He was a member of the Literary Adelphi and the Philo- zetian debating club. The sum- mer and fall of "70 he spent in Iowa surveying a railroad with Rolla Reeves, of class of '69. In "71 he returned to Ann Arbor and worked astronomical problems with Prof. James C. Watson, of the university. In the summer of '^2 he worked in the lake survey under O. B. Wheeler, at Detroit, going from that place to Jackson, Michigan, where he formed a partnership with J. S. Bird, of '70, in engineering and contracting. Among other pieces of work done were sewers in Jackson, at Hillsdale College, work on harbor improvements at Muskegon, ^lanistee and Frankfort, Mich., and on the hospital building at Ann Arbor. In Januaiy, 1874, he married Miss Rhoda E. Saville, of Ruby, Mich. She held the position of preceptress of the Jackson High School just previous to their marriage. They took for a bridal trip a journey overland to California, returning by water to New York via the Isthmus of Panama. They then settled in Jackson. Mich., where Mr. Mickle remained until the fall of 1877, when he and Mr. Bird went to Kansas and published county maps until the summer of Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 155 '81, Avhcn they dissolved partnership. In December of the same year ]\Ir. ]\lickle went to Leavenworth, Kansas, and engaged in mercantile Inisiness, hardware, farming implements and carriages, tmtil April, "91. He then went to Kansas City, Missouri, and opened a real estate and brokerage office, which lousiness he is fol- lowing at the present time. Mr. Mickle's family consists of his wife and two daughters, Florence Elizabeth, aged 22 years, and Annie Irene, aged 18 years. They are graduates of the Leaven- worth Hio'h School. Bernard Moses, Ph.D. Manila, P. I. Was born August 28, 1846, in the town of Burlington, Con- necticut. Was prepared for college at Wesleyan Academy in Wilbraham, Mass. He entered the L'niversity of ^Michigan in September, 1866, with the class of "70. Became a member of the Alpha Nu literary society ; was one of the speakers at the first Sophomore exhibition ; was one of the editors of the University Chronicle ; was class orator in Senior year, speaking at Class Day exercises on "The Mind in Reform." After graduation, he went to Germany by way of England ; spent July, August and following months in Leipzig ; entered the University of Leipzig" at the be- ginning of the fall term ; went to the University of Berlin for the spring term, '71 ; spent the long- vacation, '71, in Norway and Sweden, most of it in X^orway ; retLU^ned to Berlin for the fall term. In the spring' of 'ji, he went again to Sweden, leaving in March ; spent ten months in Sweden on this visit, chiefly at L p- sala and Stockholm, studying Swedish history in the Lil^rary at Upsala and in the Royal Archives in Stockholm. He left Stock- holm January 6. '73, and went to Italy, by way of Berlin and Munich, visiting the principal cities; returned to Germany and took up his studies at Heidelberg in April, 'j'}) - spent the spring and summer in Heidelberg, and in August received from the University of Heidelberg the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ; in 156 Class of '70, University of Michigan. September. '73, returned to the United States by way of Paris and Southanipton. From the fall of '73 to the fall of "75, he was in Ann Arbor continuing his studies. During" this time he wrote an article on "The Negotiations on the Swedish Invasion of Germany," which was printed in "The Xew Englander"" in '74. In September, '75, he became professor of history and English literature in Albion College. In December, "75, he resigned the Albion professorship and went to California to take the professor- ship of histor}- in the University of California, and later became professor of history and political economy. He was married June 15, "80, to Mary Edith Briggs, Berke- ley, California. The summer vacation of '85, he spent in Mex- ico ; that of '86, he spent in Holland and Germany, attending the celebration of the 500th anniversary of the University of Heidel- berg. The summer vacation of "87 he spent in Germany Switzer- land and Italy. Of books, he had a hand in making "Politics: A Study of Comparative Constitutional Law," by \\'. W. Crane and Bernard Moses, New York, G. P. Putnan Sons, 1884, and is the author of "The Eederal Government of Switzerland," "Democracy and Social Growth in America," and "The Establish- ment of Spanish Rule in America." He filled the chair of history and political economy at the Universit}' of California with great satisfaction for twenty-five years, until President McKinle}' appointed him on the United States Philippine Commission, of which Judge Taft is president. For the past two years Moses has l^een assisting in the solution of our oriental problems. He has full charge of the department of public instruction in the Philippine Islands. It is to be re- gretted that detailed information concerning- his work in this new field is lacking, as it would be of great interest to all of his friends and classmates. He certainly has abundant opportunity to exert his resourceful abilities in looking after the needs of the 180,000 native children enrolled in the free public schools, the 10,000 adult Filipinos attending the evening schools to learn Eng- lish, the 1,000 American teachers and the 4,000 Filipino teachers Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 157 laboring to educate both old and younj;' in the Islands. In a recent letter he says: "If }0U can persuade the boys to appoint their next reunion in Manila, I will constitute myself a committee of arrang'ements to see that they are well provided for." Alfred Noble, C.E., LL.D. New York, N. Y. Was born August 7, 1844, at Livonia, Wa^ne Co., Michigan, where his parents, Charles and Lavonia ( Douw ) Noble, resided on a farm. His grandfather, Norton Noble, was in the war of 181 2, and his ancestors were in the revolutionary war. He re- ceived his early education at the district school of his native place. He lived on the farm until 1862, when he enlisted for the civil war in the 24th Mich. \'ol. Inf., and from October, 1862, to February, 1865, he took part in all the battles of the Army of the Potomac. Was mustered out of the service in June, 1865. From July, "65, to September, '67, he held a position in the War Department at Washington. Alade his preparation for college at the Union School, Plymouth, Alich., and with private instructors in Washington. He entered the University of Michi- gan in '67 as a sophomore in class of "70. W hile an under- graduate he was absent a year and a half in the employ of the gov- ernment and kept up his studies at the same time, taking his degree with the class. He was a member of the Philozetian debating club and the Alpha Nu literary society ; joined the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity; was elected vice-president of his class in Junior 158 Class of '70, LLmveksitv of Michigan. year. From June to Septcnilier, "70, he was engaged on harbor surveys on the eastern shores of Lake Alichigan and at Chel^ovgan and Alpena on Lake Huron. In Octolier, 1870, he was put in charge of the work at Sault Ste. ]\Iarie. Mich., and when, in 1873, it was found necessary for the government to build a new lock he practically, under the direction of Gen. Godfrey Weitzel of the United States Engineer Corps, designed and brought to a suc- cessful completion one of the present locks, now called the Weitzel lock. Most of the locks, previous to that, had been filled by ad- mitting water through slides in the upper gates, and the water was released in the same way with slides in the lower gates. The old locks at the Sault were operated by a windlass and hand power. Mr. Noble not only desig'ned the new lock. Init he also intro- duced the innovation oi having the lock filled by two long cul- verts sunk below the floor of the lock with openings. Water was admitted to these culverts at the upper end with large openings, and the lock was filled from beneath. The hydraulic power was introduced by means of a turbine wheel, with pistons and water under pressure by which the locks were opened and closed entire- ly by water power, and not in the old fashioned way. The entire masonry, machinery and design of this lock, as laid out. and as completed by Mr. Noble, were found by experience sufficient to meet his most sanguine expectations, and to-day. after twenty years of service, the lock stands substantially as built, a monu- ment to his ability and genius. Li August. 1882. on the practical completion of the construc- tion of the canal, he resigned his position to accept an appoint- ment as resident engineer of the R. R. bridge across Red River at Shreveport. La. In March, '83, he resigned this position also to accept a similar one for the construction of a bridge across Snake River at Ainsworth, Washington Territory. In September of that year he took charge of a bridge over Clark's Fork of the Columbia River in INIontana. Snake River bridge was completed in May, "84. and Clark's Fork bridge in June. Mr. Noble began the construction of foundations of an iron viaduct across Marent Gulch, Alontana, in September of the same year, and the founda- tions of a bridge across St. Louis Bay, at west end of Lake Departmi£XT of Literatl:re, SciExXce, and Arts. 159 Superior in October. He completed the foundations and the erec- tion of the superstructure of Marent Gulch viaduct in June. '85, and St. Louis Bay bridge in May, according- to original plans, and began the construction of an additional draw span in July ; and from August to October was at Trenton. X. J., inspecting iron work for the draw span. From October, '85, to January, "86, he was attending to the erection of St. Louis Bay bridge ; February, '86, he was in New York City, in the of^ce of Geo. S. Morison. During March and April he was inspecting bridge manufacture in Buffalo, and in May was inspecting iron at Pottsville. Pa. He then re- turned to New York in June. He visited Omaha bridge in July and then went to St. Paul, for temporary duty in the office of N. P. R. R.. as acting principal assistant engineer. In September that year he went to Pittsburg to inspect iron for the same com- pany, but soon accepted an appointment as resident engineer of the bridge across Harlem River, at 181 st St.. New York City, where he remained till July. 'S'/. when he resigned to accept an appoint- ment as resident engineer of Illinois Central R. R. bridge across the Ohio River at Cairo. 111. ; and in '88. assumed charge, also as resident engineer, of the bridge across the Mississippi River, at Memphis. Tenn. The Cairo bridge was opened for traffic Oct. 29, 1889. and his connection therewith closed with the following month. The Memphis bridge was opened for traffic in May, 1892. He then moved to Chicago and entered into a limited partnership with ]\Ir. Geo. S. Morison, who had been chief engineer of the Cairo and Memphis bridges. During the term of this partnership Noble was assistant chief engineer of the bridge at Alton across the Missis- sippi and the bridges across the Missouri at Bellefontaine and Leavenworth. After the expiration of the partnership April 30, 1894, he began a general practice as consulting engineer, which he still continues. The degree of LL.D. was conferred on Alfred Noble by the University of Michigan in June. 1895. He was ap- pointed a member of the Nicaragua canal board by President Cleveland in 1895. The appointment was not sought by him and was peculiarly gratifying for this reason and also because it placed him in connection with an engineering problem of great interest which w-as in line with his earlier work. The board visited 160 Class of '70, University of Michigan. Central America, examined the route of the Nicaragua canal and also the Panama canal : then returned to the United States and completed its work Xov. 1. 1895. In July, 1897, he was appointed hy President McKinley a member of the U. S. board of engineers on deep waterways to make surveys and estimates of cost for a ship canal from the Great Lakes to deep water in the Hudson River. This was also congenial work. It was completed in August, 1900. In June, 1899. he was also placed by President ]\IcKinley on the Isthmian Canal Commission, which was charged with the determination of the best canal route across the American isthmus. The work of this commission is now completed. Dur- ing its continuance Xoble visited Europe with his colleagues to examine the data relating to the Panama canal collected in the office of the canal company in Paris, and visited the Kiel, Amster- dam and [Manchester ship canals. He also made two more trips to Central America to examine more fully the canal routes there. In the spring of 1898 he was appointed by William R. Day, then Assistant Secretary of State, as arbitrator in a dispute be- tween a citizen of this country and the government of San Domingo. He visited that island, returning to New York a few days before the declaration of war with Spain. In the autumn of 1900 he was appointed a member of an engineer board to advise the state engineer of Xew York concerning the plans and estimates for a barge canal across that state. Alfred Xoble is a past president of the Western Society of Engineers, and has been a vice-president of the American Society of Civil Engineers. He was married May 31, 1871, to Miss Georgia Speechlv, of Ann Arbor. They have one son, Frederick Charles, who was graduated from the engineering department at Ann Arbor in 1894 and is now following his profession in Kansas City. In Xovember. 1901, the city authorities of Galveston, Texas, appointed Alfred Xoble, Henry C. Ripley and Gen. Robert as a board of engineers to devise a plan for protecting the city and suluirbs from future inundations. They reported a plan involv- ing the building of a solid concrete wall over three miles long and seventeen feet in height above mean low water, the raising of the city grade and the making of an embankment adjacent to the wall, the whole to cost about three and a half millions of dollars. Di:i'Ain\\[EXT OF Ln kkature, Scienck, axu Arts. 1(51 Early in 1902 Mr. Xolile was appointed chief engineer of the East I\iver section of the new Pennsylvania Railroad terminal in New ^'()rk C"it\'.in\(ilvinL;- a nianmioth tunnel from the Xew [ersey shore under Hudson l\i\er. .\cw \'ork C'it\- and h^ast River to Loui^- Island, the whole to cost thirty to forty millions of dollars. Air. .\(il)le"s present address is 20 West 34th Street, Xew York, X. V. Clark Olds, M.S. Erie, Pa. He was Ixirn jul\- 14, 1850, at ['^.rie. Pa., where he spent his l)Ov- hood at school and where he pre- ];ared for collei^e. 11 e entered the Iniversit}' of Michigan in Sep- tcmher, 1866, with the class of "70, and took his 1!..S. degree with the class. He joined the Zeta Psi fraternity, the .\l])ha Xn literary society and the Philozetian dehat- ing cluh; was one of the speakers at the tirst .Sophomore exhihitit.n. The summers of "70 and '71, he was in l*. .S. surve\- on Lakes .Michigan and Superior, as assist- ant engineer, and had charge of the U. S. steamer "Surveyor." During the folio wir.g summer, that of '/2. he was at h\)r.d du Lac, Wis., measuring a hase line for Michigan Lake Survey. ]n fall of that year he went to Europe, visiting, en route, the prin- cipal cities of Ireland and England, stopping a cou]jle of weeks in London, then crossed over to the continent, going to Hamhurg, llerlin, Dresden, the Pohemian mountains, Saxonv, Switzerland and then to a beautiful town in Silesia, where he studied (ierman for a time, and subse(|ueritl\- he was admitted as a regular student at the L niversity of Leipzig. He returned home in '/^. antl was 162 Class of 'yo, Unixkksitv of Michigan. employed on primary l^ase line work as assistant engineer on U. S. lake surve}- on Lake Ontario, and at lluitalo, until Alay, '76, when he was admitted to the bar, and eommenced practicing law at Erie. l^a. Me has lieen successfully engaged in his profession ever since. In January. 1896. he was selected as a commissioner of the water works in Erie and has served on the board con- tinuoush- e\-er since, now being its president. He is thoroughly conversant with ever}- detail of that department and the services he has rendered to the city have been invaluable. Was married Dec. 13. '76. to Li\ia E. Keator. of Cortland. X. Y. Children: Ronievn Keator. Irving Sands, and Marguerite Elizabeth, of whom Irving Sands, only, is living. ^\v. ( dds is an assoeiate mem1)er of the American Society of Civil Engineers, and an honorar}' meml)er of Picking Xaval Ciar- rison and Arm\- and Xavv I'nion. Darius Comstock Pennington, B.S. Vacaville, Solano Co., Cal. Was l)orn in Macon Ttiwnship. l.enawce Co.. Aiich.. .\pril 22. 1847. '^i^ father. Israel I'enning- ton, was l)orn in Town of Perrin- ton. W'avne L"o.. X. ^'.. and was of old I'jiglish veoman Quaker ancestrw .\s an early pioneer of Alicliigan he cleared the first farm and planted the first orchard in Macon Townshi]). In |)olitics he entered heartih into the abolition movemer.t which resulted in the overthrow of slavery and was a life-long member of the Society of hriends. commouh' known as Quakers. He was an honored member of the comnnmity in which he lived, being respected and esteemed b}- all who knew him. His 4- ^i ^^^r nk mH Department of Litekatlre, Science, and Arts. 163 death occurred January 4, 1883. at the age of 68. The mother of Darius was of Scotch- Irish ancestry, a native of East Sparta, Seneca Co., X. Y. She possessed sterHng" quaHties, which were transmitted to the sul)iect of this sketch. Her Hfe was that of a pioneer farmer's wife. In lier Innulile \\3.\ she exerteil a l)ene- ficial influence upon tliose alxuit her and sustained the lionor and dig'nitv of American womanhood. She (Hed June 10, i8(jo. Darius received the usual e(hication of a farmer's son, at the district school and later at a I'riend's hoarding" sch(X)l near Adrian, Mich. He enlisted as a soldier in the Civil War at the age of 18, in Fehruarw 1865, in Co. D, 1 ith ]\lich. \'ol. Inf., and was ap- pointed a corporal, hut the war was drawing to a close and after eight months' service he was mustered out. He entered the L^ni- versity of Michigan in the fall of 1866, with the class of "70. In college he was a memher of the Literar}- Adelphi and the I'hi Delta Theta fraternity. In 1882 he joined the Ancient ( )rder of Free Masons. ( )n Septemher 12, 1870, he married Miss Lottie Taylor, of Ann Arhor, Mich. They went to Kansas and remained ahoiit a year on a fruit farm near Emporia, then returned to the old homestead near Macon, Mich., where the}' continued farming and fruit raising for seven or eight }'ears and then removed to Dakota and engaged in raising wheat. Here the drouths and hail storms and other adverse circumstances tried their patience for five vears until they concluded to go to the Pacific coast and engage once more in growing nursery stock and planting and caring for orchards. That husiness has heen followed ever since. Mr. Pennington has traveled through man}- of the United States and especialh- the State of California, with which he is thorotigh- iy familiar, h'or a time he resided at Santa Rosa, later at I'.akers- field, Kern Co., then at Sacrament(.), and is iiow ( i(j02) at \'aca- ville, Solano Co. They have three children now living, viz. : J*dizal)eth, John and \\ illiam. They were visited hy an overpowering calanfitv in the loss of their other three children, viz. : Harrison, Edward and Kenneth, hy di])htheria within one week, two of them during the same night. Elizaheth is married to Mr. DeW'itt Saulshury. They reside at Chico, I'utte Co., Cal., and have three children. John has served a term of vears in the regular armw having 164 Class of '70, University of Michigan. lieen in Co. AI, i8tli Reoular In4. He returned a few months since from the I'hihppine Islands. W'ilham is married and lives at Sacramento. Cal.. and is in the employ of the Southern I'acitic R. R. Co. William Lorenzo Penfield, A.B. Washington, D.C. Me was horn at Dover. Lena- wee Co., Mich.. April 2, 1846. His parents were William and Lucinda ( h'elton I i'entield. His early life ^.^^ was that of a farmer's hoy. His ^^ • final ]Drc])aration for college w as at Hillsdale and Adrian, Alich. Kn- terini^- the Cniversit\- of Michi,nan in 1865, he enrolled with the class of "70 in the fall of 1868. He was elected orator of his class in junior }-ear : was appointed one of the s]X"akers at the Junior "E.x.," and also one of the speakers at Commencement : was a mem1)er of the Literar\- .\delphi. .\fter receiving- his degree in 1870. he was instructor in Latin and ( ierman for two _\ears in Adrian College, reading law at the same time. Was admitted to the har in Janu- ary, 1872, at Adrian. Mich., and commenced law i)ractiee at .\u- hurn, Tnd., January, 1873, where he at once took a leading pnri in pending litigation, l-'rom 1876101880 he was citv attornev : in 1884 was a memher of the Repu!)lican State Committee: in 1888 was presidential elector and electoral messenger: was a delegate to the National Repuhlican Convention in i8(j2: judge of 35th circuit of Indiana from i8(j4to i8(j7. President McKinlev a])])i)inted him solicitor of the Cnited States l^epartment of State in i8(j7. which position he still holds. He has shown marked ahilit\' and good judgment in handling the many important and intricate cpiestions Di:i'ARi\Mi-:xT OF Literature, Science, and Arts. 165 wliich have arisen in the State Department from tlie commence- ment of the S])anish war to the ])resent time. I !e was counsel for the United States and recovered awards, amountini^" to over two and one-half million dollars, in favor of the I'nited States in inter- national arhitrations against Xicaragua, Haiti, the Dominican Re- puhlic, Peru, (iautemala. Chili, Salvador and Mexico. Is counsel for the United States in arljitrations pending- with (iermany, Russia and Mexico, i le sailed from New York, August i6, 1902, enroute to Holland, where he went as counsel for the United States in the arl)itration with Mexico before The Hague international tribunal. This case involved aliout one million dollars and was the first to come before that tribunal. The Xew York Tribune in its issue of August 2, 1902, said: "The government is prett}' well satisfied over its experiences with international arbitration in the last six years, and it is not likelv to hesitate to subnfit to an impartial tribunal anv matters of dispute which may arise with other nations, exce-pt such pre- posterous claims as those advanced by Canadian politicians over the long- ago defined Alaskan boundar}-, and which cannot be re- garded as open to any question whatever. Most of the recent controversies in which the L'nited States has been concerned, and which have been subnfitted to arltitration tribunals, have arisen from damage claims filed b\' American citizens against Latin- American Republics. "Judge I'enfield. the solicitor of the State Dei)artment, w ho pre- pares all the international cases of American claimants, and on whose judgment they are pressed or abandoned, says there have I)een sixteen cases submitted to arl)itration by the United States since March 4, iHij^, and of these three are still pending. ( )nly two cases have lieen lost out of the sixteen. One was a small case against Mexico, which was decided by \[i-. Ouesada. the Argen- tine Minister at Madrid. The other was a claim of $10,000 against Salvador, which was regarded by this government as a perfectly plain and just case, but the arliitrators, unfortunately. were citizens of other Latin- American States. The remaining eleven cases were won outright by the United States. In two of the three still pending the courts have unnfistakabh- intimated a verdict for the United States, and the third is regarded as a foregone conclusion in favor of this countrv." 166 Class of '70, University of Michic;ax. The Hag-ne tribunal decided that Mexico must pay $1,420,000 in ]\Iexican currency to the United States in settlement of its claim, being- another victory for Uncle Sam largely through Pen- field's able management and advocacy. He delivered an al)le address lief ore the Indiana State liar As- sociation, July g, UJC2, on "Some Difficulties of Pan-American Arbitration." He married Luna Walter, of I'.ucyrus, ( )., June 28, 1875. They have two children. L)lanche and Walter, the latter lieing a graduate of the University of Michigan. He is a member of the National GeogTaphical Society, the Academy of Political Science, Indiana State Bar Association and American liar .Association. Mce-President of the Washington Universitv of Alichigan Alumni Association. His present address is De\ve^■ Plotel, Washington, L). C. Aaron Perry, B.S., LL.B. Pontiac, Mich. Was born on a farm in Oak- land Count}-, Michigan, Xov. 11, 1848. He was the youngest of a family of eight children. His mother was l:)orn in Genesee Co., Xew York, and his father in W'ar- ren County. New Jerse}'. His mother died when he was two years old and his father when he was of the age of fifteen years. l'"rom his father's estate he re- ceived the small sum of seven luriidred dollars, and \\-ith that and n-ionev borrowed by hini he ob- tained his collegiate education. He received his preparatory education in the Clarkston uriion school, of Oakland Countv. and entered the L'niversitv of Michi- DeI'ART.MKNT of LlTERATrRK, SciEXCE, AND ArTS. 107 g"an with, and was t^raduated with, tlie class of '70. He joined the Literary Adelplii ar.d was one i)f the speakers at the second Sopho- more exhi1)ition. In the fah of 1870 he entered into pohtics and came within one \i)\.c of securing' the nomination of his party's convention for the State legislature. Ihv following school year he taught the ( )rtonville .Vcademw in his nati\e count}-, and dur- ing the school vear of 1872-3 he was superintendent of the Ovid Union School in Clinton County, Alichigan. In the famous Greelv campaign of 1872 he was elected a memher of the State legislature from his native district on the Democratic ticket, and was one of the small minority of only six in the whole legislature. At the close of the session in the spring of 1873 ^^'^ went to ]\Iuskegon, ]\Iich., and took charge of the L'. S. harhor improve- ments at that place, under C. ]\I. Wells, of '70. where he remained imtil the fall, when he entered the law department of the L'ni- versit-\' of Alichigan. ( )n Christmas, 'y^^, he married Satldie lloti- man, of Pontiac, Alichigan, who had heen one of his assistant teachers in (_)vid. In A larch, '74, he attended a special session of the State legislature, called for the purpose c^f considering and suljmitting" to the people for their approval at the n.ext election, a new State Constitution. That session continued ahout forty days, during' which time Air. Perry roomed with Col. C. P. (irant, of Ann Arhor, then speaker of the lower house, and now one of the Supreme Court justices of the State of Alichigan. It is a matter of some pride to him that, on account of his al)ility in rushing lousiness, he was called upon to preside more during that session than any other mcml)er excepting two, arid that during his term of office he was ena!)led to do some good work in the interest of the imiversity. During the next sununer he was for a time in the L'. S. service as harbor inspector on the west coast of Alichigan, and also traveled some in Illinois, Wisconsin and the L'pper Peninsula of Alichigan. In the fall of 1894 he was a candidate for countv clerk and, in a total vote of ahout ten thcusaiid, was defeated h}' the aggravatinglv small maiorit\' of eleven votes. That defeat he 168 Class uf 'to, UNr\-ERSiTv of Michigan. now counts as one of his strokes of oood fortune. I'hat fall he returr.cd to the law department of the uni\-ersit\-, and was i^rad- uated the next s])rino-. Then he s])ent two summers at Sand Beach, Mich., assisting" (lill)ert, of "70. in charge of the work of constructing- the l". S. harhor of refu,i;e at that ])lace, spendini;- the intervenint.;- winter studying" law in the office of ludoe A. C Baldwin, at I'ontiac. In the fall of 1876 he entered activelx' into the Tilden cam- pai,^-n and stumped ( lakdand Count}' in the interest of the Demo- cratic cause, and, after election entered into law i)artnership with Judge Taft, at I'ontiac. and continued with him for two \ears. The spring of 187S he was appointed cit\- attorney of I'ontiac. and tilled that office in all for a period of eight \ears. In the fall of 1878 he was elected iirosecuting attorney of his countv. ar.d held that office two years. Since that time he has not been a candidate for any office excepting one. when he ran for the office of circuit judge and was defeated, although he ran eonsiderahly ahead of his ticket. Since 1876 Mr. I'erry has practiced law continuously in the city of I'ontiac. He has been more than ordinarih' successful, and for a number of years has had the best practice of anv attornex' in Oakland COunty, and is the acting i)resident of the local bar. Both his tastes and his a])titude fit him better for the trial of issues of law than issues of fact, and, for that reason, he has argued a large number of cases before the Michigan Su])reme Court, in a great majorit}' of which he has been successful. Ble has never been outside of North .\merica. although he has traveled quite extensively in the Cnited States, lie has accumu- lated a large law librar\- and (|uite an extensi\e collection of mis- cellaneous books. .Mthough he belongs to a fishing club, he has not caught a fish or fired a gun in thirt_\' years and has no tastes for sports of any kind, and would any time rather dig fossils from a disintegrating ledge of rocks than to attend a horse race or ball game, lie has made a specialt_\- of geolog)' and microsco])}- and DlLl'ARTMKNT OF Llll-:RATLKli:, Sci)-:XCE, AND ArTS. 161) lias had nian\" hours of recreation in j^atherini^' fiissils and in liuntin^' and exaniininL^" niicrosco])ical specimens, lie has a larg-e private cahinet of fossils and other geological specimens and has an extensive collection of hooks Ujjon the snhject of geology. Mr. Perrv has onlv one child, a son, Stuart II. Perry, who was graduated in iH(;4 from the literary dei)artment of the L'ni- versitv of Michigan, taking the degree of .\.\)., and in the law departmer.t of the same institution two }ears later. After grad- uation he entered into i)artnership with his father, under the tirm name of A. & S. H. Perry. 1m )r a year prior to August ist, 1901, the firm maintained an office in the city of Detroit under the ])er- sonal charge of the junior memher thereof. The son remained a memher of the firm until .\ugust of that \ear, when he purchased an interest in the ( lakland C'ountx' Post and the Pontiac Daily Press, of h(jth of which he has heen the editor since that time, his first editorial experience heing while he was managing editor of the Inlander in the l'niversit\- of Michigan. He has traveled ex- tensively in the L'nited States, Mexico and Kurope, is a member of the American Microscopical Society and has written some for that society's publications. Although his tastes are literary he shares his father's tastes for geology and has written also f(^r publication in that line. lie married Maude Caldwell, a daughter of Dr. William C Caldwell, of b'remont. ( )hio, whom he first met as a student at the I'niversity of Michigan, and he now has one chikl. W bile connected with the Detroit bar he wrijte a law liook entitled, "The Legal Adviser and liusiness (Suide,"" which has just appeared. 170 Class of '70, University of INIiciiigan. Samuel B. Price, A.B., LL.B. Scranton, Pa. He was i)orn in Branchville, Sussex Co., New Jersey, April 29, 1847. Attended the common schools there, after reaching" the ])roper age, until the spring- of '65. Then he entered lUairstown I'res- I)\'terial Acadeni}- and completed his preparation for college there in June, "66. Was examined for ad- mission at Princeton sln)rtly after and admitted. Entered the Col- lege of Xew Jersey, class of "70, at the opening of the term, in the autumn of "66. He continued in the regular course with the class of '70, at Princeton, until some time in the spring of '68, when, on accour.t of ill health, he returned to his home in l'.ranch\-ille, and remained there until ahout the lirst of Septemher, when he went to Ann Arhor, arid took up a special course of stud_\- in the uni- versit}- curriculum and heg-an stud_\-iiig- law. These studies he continued urAil ahout May, '69, when he determined to make up the studies which he had not taken in the regular classical c(jurse and to h.e graduated with the class of '70. He s])ent the summer in making- up his lost Latin and Greek. Immediately after the Commenceniei:t of "70, he again eritered upon the stu(l\- of the law in the law liiirary ci the I'niversity of Alichigan, and continued there until the operiing of the law term of '70. when he entered that departmer.t ar.d remained until jannar}- or l''ehruar\-, "71. He then left the universit)- arid went to his home in Jiranchville, ar.d hecamc principal of the commrsn schools of that town ahout the iirst of April, and conducted them until al)out the first of ( )ctolK'r. "71. He then returned to Ann Arhor and completed the law course in March, '72. He was a meml)er of the W'ehster societv Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 171 and its president during;- the latter part of his eourse. In Aug-ust, '72. he went to Scranton, Pa., and, after i)iirsuin!^- the study of law for six months, was admitted to the har of Lnzerne I'ounty and immediately beo^an practice. He is one of the manag-ers of the Scranton rn])lic Library, and also president of the Princeton Alinnni Association of North- eastern Pennsylvania. He has been a director of the Scranton Savings I'.ank since January, i88cj. About f(jur years ago he was elected president of the bank and continues in that position at present. His business, however, is that of an attorney at law, and he is in active practice. He was married b'ebruary 9th, "8t, to Julia Hosie, of Scran- ton, who died December 14th, 1898. ( )ne child, Harold A., died julv 16th, 1896, aged six years. He has two Ixiys now living — Cole B., aged 19 years, a freshman at Princet(jn University ; and John H., aged 17 years, preparing for college at Plair l^-esl;)yterial Academv, Plairstown, X. ]. Henry Clay Ripley, C.E. Ann Arbor, Mich. He was Ijorn on a farm in the town of Broadalban, Montgomery County, New York, July 15th, 1845. His father, Eliakim Cornell Ripley, was born in tlie same house thirty years earlier. His occupation was that of farmer and school teacher until 1853, when he moved to IMichigan and went into the luml)er business at Saginaw, where he died in 1892, at the age of // vears. His ancestors were English. Phebe Fairly IVnch. the maternal ancesttjr, was Ijorn at (ireenbush, Rensselaer County, New York, of l-Lnglish ancestry, 1)Ut with a trace of Dutch stock, and died at Saginaw, Michigan, in 1888, at the age of 69 years. 172 Class of '70. Uxivi:rsitv of Michigan. Having' moved with liis parents to Michigan in 1853. 14enrv C. Ripley found himself at Sai^inaw in 1856 in what was then a new countrw and there his earl}- education was pursued amid the difificulties of meatier school facilities and with manv interruptitins- Ijy occupation in the lumlier woods and other loi^-ointi- ojieratioris. With some final preparation in the high school at Sat^inaw, he was- ahle to enter the Freshman class in 1866 at the L'niversit\- of Michio-an. In the latter part of his colle_^e course, a circumstance occiu'red which probahl}- determined in a lar^e measure his future career. Alfred Xoble had an enoagement with Col. h'anjuhar to make surveys of a numl)er of harbors on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, and he wanted an assistant on that work. lie hati spoken to both Ripley and Mickle about it and each had expressed a desire to go. luit he had need for but one. It was therefore determined to decide which should go b\- fli])])ing a pennw which was done, and the lot fell to Riplev. A term of service w ith the government was thus inaugurated, which continued, with some slight interruptions, for twent}- years, lie was elected ])oet of his class in Sophomore year and treasurer in Senior vear : was a mem- l)er of the Philozetian debating clul) and of the .\lpha .\u literary- society ; was one of the speakers at the second .S(!])h(imore exhiln- tion. In "70. following graduation, he was engaged in making' government survevs of harbors as assistant to Alfred Xoble. and in ofiice work at Milwaukee. Wisconsin, under Col. i'arcjuhar. L'. S. engineer. In the spring of "71. he was placed in charge of the construction of a crib ])ier and stationed at Muskegon. Michigan, and later, in charge of survey party, he made surveys of eleven harliors on the eastern shore of Lake Alichigan from Frankfort to St. Joseph. In ( )ctoI)er. '71. he went to Louisiana and was en- gaged in survev of Rad River in the region of the "(ireat Raft" and in olTfice work in connection therewith until 1872. when he went to (ialveston. Texas, where he was engaged in a survey of that harbor until jul\-. 1873. This work being finished and a month's vacation available, he took a tri]) north and visited Michi- Di:i'.\Kr.MKXT OF LiTKKATiJUli, Science, AND Aris. 173 i4:an. Xcw \'()rk and W 'ashin.^tDii. 1). C. and rctnrncd to 'I'exas in An^ust to make a snrvc'\- of Pass Cavallo. inlet to Mata^'orda llav. TIh' winter of "73-4 ''Vas spent in Xew ( )rlearis. In the si)ring- and summer of '74, he was enoaj^ed in a snrve\- for a canal connectin.g- the inland waters aloni;- the ( lulf of Mexico from Donaldsonville. La., to the Rio (irar.de, Texas, and in a survey of the falls and ra])ids in \\ci\ i\iver at .Mexandria. La. In .April, 'y^, he went to (lah'eston, where he resided almost continuoush- for twent_\--hve years. His ])rofessional ex|)erience from '/^ to "(JO was conhried mainl_\- to river and harhor work on the (lulf coast. In '75, he commenced a systematic stud_\- of the l)h\sical ]jhenomena of that coast relatinii" to the suhject of harlior im])rovements. 1'his study was ])articularl\- extensive at ( ialves- ton, where ohservati( r.s were continued for many years hy means of self-ret^isterins;- a])])aratus and hydrographic surveys made at fre(|uent intervals. These ohservations heing carried on during the construction of extensive works for the im])r(>vement of the harhor, were extremely valuahle professionall_\- and their results are recorded in r.umerous official re])orts. a i)ortion of which are puhlished in the reports of the chief of engineers, I'. S. A., from 1875 to i8(jO. and in discussions hefore the American Society of Civil I'higineers and puhlished in the transactions of that society from 1890 to 1900. In 1890 Riplev left the goverr.ment service and o])ened an office in ( ialveston for private practice. In ( )ctoher. \)0. he was made chief engineer of the Port Ropes Com])any, and made i)lans and estimates for the construction of an artihcial entrance to Corpus Christi Hav, Texas. In 1892. he was engaged in making surveys of the harhors of Coatzacoalcos and Salina Cruz Isthmus of Tehuantepec, IMexico. and in making jjlans and estimates for their improvement. I'his work involved two trips across the Isthnnis on horsehack and an ins])ection of the harhor works at \'era Cruz and Tampico, Alexico. In i8(j3, he was engaged as eng-ineer for (ialveston County in the construction of a steel high- wav hridge across (ialveston West I'.ay. In i8(j4 he was engaged 174- Class of "70, University of Michigan. in making- an investigaticm of the causes of the erosion of the Galveston IJeachi. and in making- plans and estimates for its pro- tection. Pfe was also a meml)er of a hoard of cng'inecrs to devise a plan for the improvement of the entrance to Aransas Pass, Texas. The other menihers of that hoard were Geo. Y. Wisner and Prof. L. ^[. Hau])t. In 1S95 he and Prof. Idaupt were en- gaged as consulting- engineers ft)r the execution of that work. He was also chief engineer of the improvement of the mouth of lirazos River. Texas, and made surveys, plans and estimates for the improvement of the mouth of the Rio Coatzacoalcos and for the construction of an artificial harl)or at Salina Cruz, Mexico. This work was done for an luiglish syndicate and was entirely independent of the work done at the same locality in 1892. lie also made an examination of the harhor of \'era Crtiz, Mexico, and made a report upon the condition of the works for its im- provement and an ojiinion as to the prohahle success of that work, in ( )ctoher, '05. he was engaged to make a survey of the outer l)ar of Prunswick. (ia.. Avith a view of determining the depth and width of channel across said har as a result of work done hy ]\lr. C. P. (ioodyear. as contractor for the government. The con- ditions of the contract were such that '\\v. (Joodyear was to he paid onlv for depths secured in a channel 100 feet wide. In this case the dei)th had to he secured hy the 30th of Xovemher or the pa\-ment for this depth, which was $30,000, would hecome for- feited to the government. Idie results of Ripley's survey in- dicated that the required channel had heen secured, liefore a cer- tificate could he secured, hdwcvcr. this fact had to he determined h\' an official surve}- and this was iiumediately asked for hy the contractor. The power to make the certificate and determine the facts was vested in a hoard coiisistir.g of the superintenden.t of the L'. S. coast and geodetic survey and two officers of engineers of the arm}-. The official survey was completed and the hoard re- fused to make the certificate hecause of insufficient depth. In the Department ok Literature, Science, and Arts. 175 meantime kiplex' had watched the pr(is;ress ( f the official survey and noted the methods of conductini:^- the work, and when the announcement came, he was prepared to demonstrate the inac- curac\' of its results. The o])portimity came in the wi.'.tcr of 1896 and he went ])efore the Rivers and Harhors Coiumittee of the House, and the Commerce Committee of the .Senate and made his deiuonstration, with the result that Conii^ress authorized the payment of the monew and, at the contractor's recjuest. discharo-ed the board and a])pointed an officer of the coast and geodetic survey to make future determinations of results. To the credit of the superintendent of the coast and Ljeodetic survey, who was presi- dent of the ])oard, lie it said that he was in favor of having this demonstration made to the hoard itself, for. beini;" a civil en- gineer, he recognized the possible fallibility of the board, Ijut the majority of the board ruled otherwise. The president of the board was present when the demonstration was made before the Rivers and Harbors Conmiittee and one of the army engineering mem- Ijers appeared before that committee in defense of the board's results. In 1897 I'iipley was engaged in making an exploration on the Pacific coast of Mexico in the State of Colima, with a view to determine a suitaljle harbor for a I'acitic terminus for the Mexican Central Railroad and in making survey plans ar.d estinnates for the improvement of Manzanillo Harbor, Alexico. He also made an examination of the harbor work at Tampico, Mexico, and re- ported upon the condition of the jetties and recommendations as to their completion ; also as to the protection of the bank of I'anuco River, opposite the city of Tampico. In 1898 he was en- gaged as engineering expert in the court martial trial of Capt. O. ^I. Carter, and in consultation in regard to the improvement of the harbor of Manzanillo. Alexico. In^ 1899 he was engaged as arbitrator in dispute between the city of Galveston and the C/ialveston Sewer Company. In 1900 176 Class of '70. Uxiveksitv of AIichigan. he went to Washinoton. 1). C, to explain to the Rivers and llar- l)ors Conmiittee of the House the teehnieal features of tlie I'.runs- wiek harl)or improvement, and was afterward en,oa,!L;ed in niaknig- surveys and explorations on the Isthmus of Darien for the Isth- mian Canal Commission. He spent six months in the wilds of that tr<)])ieal eountry, most of the time out of reaeh of cither mail or tele,2:raphir eommunieation. Mis report of this work was full and complete in every respect and was suhmitted to the Isthmian Canal Commission. This work havino- hccn finished in Wash- ington, D. C. in Xovemher. ujoo. Rii^ley associated himself with Prof. L. M. HaujH in an cttort to secure from C'ong'ress the privi- lege of improving" the entrance to .Vransas Pass. Texas. 1)\- a method of their own ar.d at a cost to the government of less than one-half the estimated cost of the plan of the government en- gineers. The opposition of one of the Texas Senators and the failure of the River and Harhor Pill ])revented the success of this effort. ]^lr. Ripley received a silver medal from the Paris Pxposition of 1900 as colahcrator in an exhihit of a method of improving river and harhor entrances. In March, lyoi, Ripley moved from Washington to Chicag-o, and in August of the same year to Ann Arbor. In Xovemher, 1901, Mr. Ivipley was appointed hy the city of Cialveston, Texas, as one of a hoard of three civil engineers, Alfred Xohle and Cen. Roberts being the other two, to devise a plan for jM'otecting the city from future inundations. The board made an elaborate repiirt rec(.mmen(ling the construction of a solid cement wall some three miles in length and 17 feet in height aI)ove low water, the raising- of the grade of the city, and the making of an embankment adjacent to the wall, the whole estimated to cost about $3,500,000. ( )n the 8th of September. i(;oo. when the ( ialveston storm was raging'. Ripley was on his wa\- from San Miguel lUu' to Panama Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 177 in a small sailing' vessel, with barely wind enough to give her steerage wav. Arriving in Panama on the evening' of the 9th, he set sail from Colon for New York on the i ith, without a suspicion that anvthing more serious had happened at Galveston than the usual ecjuinnxial disturbance. The Panama papers of the 10th had announced the fact of a storm raging at Galveston, in which the cal)le house had been destroyed and communication inter- rupted. The papers of the iith made no mention of the storm whatever, and hence, when Ripley arrived in New York on the 20th, he was wholly unprepared for the news of the awful catas- trophe which had occurred. Idie wires to Galveston being over- crowded with messages, it was forenoon of the following' dav be- fore he could learn of the fate of his family. One son had been drowned, his home totally destroyed and the other members of his family had barely escaped with their lives. Out of a population of less than 40,000, more than 6,000 people perished on that fate- ful night ; and out of about 8,000 Imildings, all told in the city, 4,141 were totally destroyed. Ripley is a member of the American Society of Civil En- gineers. He was married August 25, 1875, to Miss Nellie Arksey, of Ann Arbor. Their children are Herbert Spencer, aged 23 ; George Birch, aged 20; Loraine, aged 16; and Racine, aged 7. Fred Hilton Arksey died August ist, 1893, at the age of 15 vears and 6 months, and Henry Clay, Jr., was lost in the Galveston storm of September 8, 1900, at the age of 19 years and 7 months. Herbert is attending the University of Michigan in the course of civil engineering, Birch is with Marshall Field & Co., in Chicago, and I>oraine and Racine are attending the public school in Ann Arbor. 178 Class of '70. University of Michigan. William Henry Schock, B.S., M.D. Plateau, Sevier Co., Utah. Was I)uni near Kaston, Xorthanipton Co.. l*a., Jan. 21, 1846. His father was I'liilip H. Schock. born in the same county, his ancestors coming- from Switzerland l)eforc the revolution. He was a miller, later a farmer. William's mother was Louisa Eyer, l)orn in the same county. His parents went to northern Illinois in '50 and in '51 settled on a farm at Prairieville. Lee Co., in that state, which was his home until the si)rin_g- of '71. He en- listed in Co. 1). 140th 111. \'ol. Inf., earl}- in '64 and remained in the service about six months. He again entered the service by re-enlisting- in Co. D, 34th 111. \'ol. Inf., and was mustered out at the close of the war, as a private. He is a member of James \\. ]\IcKean Post, Xo. i, C. A. R., Salt Lake City, and \\ (i. of Salt Lake Lodge, No. 2, I. O. O. F., but now a member of Richtield Lodge, Xo. 2i). The fall term of '65 and the term following- he attended Cornell College, Alt. \'enon, la. He entered the University of Michigan Se])tember, '66, being catalogued with the class of '70, but passing all the examinations for the Sophomore year, except French, took studies with "69. Remained on the farm during the year 1868, returned to the uni- versit}- in the fall of that year and fell back into the class of '70, with which he was graduated, receiving the degree of B.S. In the spring of '71 he started west, intending to locate in Nebraska or Kansas and engage in surveying and real estate, but finding business dull and having always wanted to see the plains and mountains, was soon rolling westward towards them. In Detartment of Literature, Science, and Arts. 179 JNIaw '71, he arrived in "I'inlic Miniii"- ]J)istrict, al)Out 90 miles west of south of Salt Lake City. For a few days he held the position of engineer on a windlass, he furnishing the motive power. Soon became interested in claims, but developed nothing of value in 1871. Early in 'yz he happened on something better, and a long law suit followed. There were then in the territory two sets of officials, one national and the other territorial. A de- cision of the territorial supreme court barred the federal officials, a decision of the U. S. supreme court barred the territorial officers. Each term of court, with their witnesses, the contestants marched 45 miles up to the judge and then marched down again, no jury. After a year and a half a com])romise secured to Mr. Schock the larger part of the property in dispute. No vacation was taken l)y Mr. Schock until September, '76, wdien a tri]) was made to the centennial exposition at Philadelphia. In May, '"]"]. he sold his mining interests, and with five others outfitted for a trip, a com- fortable rig, a small arsenal, fishing tackle, etc., and started across the country. They visited first Fish Lake, 10 miles from Plateau, the lake having an elevation of 9,000 feet, the mountains about it being a half mile higher, and several miles long. In the brooks roaring down to the lake, it took five to ten minutes to get enough trout for a meal for the party. ( )ne hundred nnles southwest an- other stop was made at Panguitch Lake, a small edition of the former. Then to Kaibab Plateau, the grandest part of the (irand Canon of the Colorado River. The route then was through Dixie in southwestern Ltah, to Pioche and to Los \'egas, after the long- est drive without water, 60 miles, then west through Death N'alley, across the Sierra Nevadas to San Pternardino, Los Angeles and up the coast road to San bTancisco, i ,800 miles, taking four months. In 1878 he began the study of Medicine in Cincinnati, and re- ceived the degree of M.D. at Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital of Chicago. Practiced medicine in Salt Lake City until in 1884, when failing health, due to army service, took him to the ranch which he had taken up some years before, and where he has l80 Class of 70, University of Michigan. since l)een living'. For the first few years he cast the only Lihcral or Gentile vote in his precinct. In '88 he bronght a carload of short-horns from the states, and these, with trotters and pacers, have been his favorites. A mining relapse in '89 took him to the placers of the Colorado River. Starting just east of the Henry Mountains with three companions by lioat, he prospected the river for 100 miles, running- 70 rapids. With ranching-, mining and the medical practice he can not well escape being busy, there lieing no physician south or southeast of his place to the Colorado River. Until recent years a Republican, the logic of events has made him a Socialist, and his precinct is now Socialistic. He is still an old bachelor, Init }et has a glimmer of hope. Walter Barlow Stevens, A.M. St. Louis, Mo, Walter 1). Stevens was born July 25, 1848, in Meriden, Conn. When he was eight years old his parents moved west. Ste- vens' boyhood was passed at l*eoria. 111., where he prepared for college. He entered the University of Michigan in September, 1866, and continued with the class of '70 during the four years" course, receiving the degree of A.I', in June, 1870. He joined the IMiilozetian deliating club and the Alpha Xu literary so- siety. He was elected treasurer of his class in Sophomore year and historian in Senior year; was one of the speakers at Junior exhibition and also at Commencement. Ten days after graduation in '70, he went to St. Louis and Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 181 het;aii work as a ne\v.s])aper reporter on the St. Louis Times. He was continuously connected with St. Louis newspapers until AIa\-, \i)0\. In 1881 he became City lulitor of the St. Louis Cilohe-Democrat and two years later was made staff correspond- ent. In 1884 he was sent to Washington and given charge of the Globe-Democrat Ikireau. b^or seventeen years Stevens passed the sessions of Congress at the National Capital, and Ije- tween sessions traveled for the (iUjbe- Democrat as staff corre- spondent. His letter writing took him to nearly every state and territory of the United States, to ]\Iexico, Cuba, liritish C'olum- bia and various ])arts of Canada. He has achieved great success as a journalist of wide experience and rare good judgment, and enjoys the acquaintance of men of prominence in all parts of the country. He is married; has no children. In May, Kpi, when the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company was formally organized at St. Louis, to hold the World's Fair, Stevens was elected Secretary. He had taken a dee]) interest in this movement to celebrate the centennial of the Purchase, but had contemplated no official connection with it. His only ambition was to round out his allotted time for active life in newspaper harness. His election to the secretaryship was unanimous l)y the 1)oard of ninety-three directors. No in- timation that such action was contemplated had reached Stevens, who was attending to his newspaper duties in Washington and preparing to enter upon an extended journey for the Globe- Democrat. A |)osition of trust coiiveved in such a manner was not to be declined. His duties in connection with this Exposi- tion are exacting, but he is in every way capable of discharging them wisely and well. He possesses for this important task great erudition, fidelity an.d ])ersistency of purpose and a com- prehensive grasp of the objects to be attained. Again the class of "70 is to be congratulated U])on being so conspicuously repre- sented in this great international enterprise. 182 Class of 70, University of Michigan. Leonard Emiah Stocking, Ph.B., M.D. Ag-news, Cal. He was Ixirn Decemlier 2, 1846. at Collinsville. X. V. At the age of eight years he went to \Msconsin with his fatlier. who was a farmer. There he attended district school winters and helped at farming- summers. When sixteen years old he attentled Allen's Grove Academy and sul)se(|uently entered Bekiit College, l)ut re- mained only a short time. After another year's preparation for college he entered the L'^niversity of ^Michigan in 1866 with the class of "70. He joined the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, the Philo- zetian dehating chih, and the Alpha \u literarv societv. After graduation in 1870 he took a husiness trip through the southern and western states, and in the following- vear took charge of his father's farm in Missnuri. He was i)rincipal nf the pul)lic schools of Potosi. Mo., in 1872, and of Irondale Academ\ in 1873. In 1874 he gave his time chieHy to the study of medicine in St. Louis Medical College and in the hospitals in St. Louis. He re- ceived his degree of ]\LD. from St. Louis ^^ledical College in 1876 and commenced practice at Anna, 111. Jrlis al)ilities as a ph\sician were at once recognized and the position of physician in the Illinois Hospital for the Insane at that iilace was tendcretl to him, which he accepted. This position was filled hy him with great satisfac- tion until 1890, when he decided to remove to the Pacific coast. He therefore resigned his position and went to San Diego, Cal., where he had charge of the sanitarium at that place for three years. In 1893 he accepted a position on the medical stati" of the State Insane Hospital at Agnews, Cal., near San Francisco. He has been continuously connected with that institution to the present time. September 6. 1876, he married Miss Helen Whitman of Watseka, 111., a graduate of Prairie Seminary and principal of the high school at Paducah, Ky. Their daughter, Helen M., was born in 1884. In a recent letter Dr. Stocking says: "Beyond my family, there are no associations so dear as those of my college days, and I still remember with pleasure our grand reunion of June, 1890. DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ArTS. 183 I want to meet the lioys aii'ain and shall at the next reunion, if possihle." He says he keeps open house continualh' f(jr all mem- bers of the class of '70. Lucius Burrie Swift, Ph.M. Indianapolis, Ind. Tie was born at Vates. ( )rleans Co., X. Y., July 31, 1844, his father, Stephen Swift, Ixmuo- a farmer. He was in the Federal army two and a half years, as a ])rivate in the 28th N. Y. Vols, lie was twice taken prisoner, the first time in ( ieneral Banks' retreat. Was held sixteen weeks, part (jf the time at Lvnchburg", \'a.. and the remainder at I'elle Isle. The second time he was taken at the Ijattle of Chancellorsville and confined in Libby prison, but was released in twelve days. He ])repared for college at Medina, X. ^'. He entered the L'niversity of Michigan in Sejitemljer. 1866. with the class oi 'yo. He joined the Psi Upsi- lon fraternity and the Literary Adelphi. The first two years after graduation he studied law in the ofiice of Henry A. Childs. district attorney, at Medina, X. Y. He then l)ecame the princi- pal of the high school in La I'orte, Ind. After serving one vear in this capacity, he was ap])ointed superintendent of schools at the same place and continued in this position for six vears. In "79 he removed to Indiana]M)lis, and commenced the practice of law. He was chairman of the Independent Re])ublican Committee of Indiana in the campaign of 1884. In Septemljer. 1886, as a member of the executive committee of the Indiana Civil Service Reform Association, he made a report upon "The Federal Civil Service in Indiana since March 4, 1885." This consisted of fifty-three closely printed pages and acquired a national noto- riety. It is Document X^'o. 2 of the association. He supple- mented this in 1888 by a re])ort upon the ln(liana])olis post office known as Document Xo. 4. In 1887, I'cfore the House Com- mittee of the general assembly, on behalf of the association he conducted the investigation of the Indiana insane hospital, the 184 Class of '70, University of Michigan. time occnpied l)eini;- three weeks, (la\- and evening, the evidence taken covering- 1,300 printed pages. In 1888 he took the stump against Cleveland and made speeches throughout the state, con- fining himself to the one suhject of the mismanagement of the civil service. Later he hecame President of the Indiana Civil Service Reform Association. He made an address before the Union League Club of Chicago at the opening of the campaign of 1888. which was published in full in the Inter Ocean. He edited the Civil Service Chronicle, a monthly publication at In- dianapolis. Air. Swift has been in active practice of law at Indianapolis continuously since 1870, and is ranked among the leaders of the profession at that place. Swift was married at Aledina, X. "N'., Jul\- 6, "76, to ^Nliss Marv Ella Lx'on. Rufus Hildreth Thayer, A.M., LL.B. Washington, D. C. He was l)orn at Northville, Wayne County, Alichigan, June 29, i84(j, on a farm, and lived there all through his bovhood. -Attended a country district school tuitil 1864, when he en- tered the high school at Ann Ar- bor and remained two vears, graduating in June, 1866, with Darrow, Lovell, C'hristA', Coolev, Haven and others. In the sum- mer of 1866, be remained in Ann Arbor, and, with Darrow and other of the boys, had the pleas- ure and advantage of personal instruction by Prof. IJoise, which smoothed his wav perceptibly through the terrors of entrance examinations. DepartmexNtt of LiTEKxvruRi':, Science, and Arts. 185 He entered the L'niversity of AIichi,L;an in the fall of 1866, with the elass of "70. He joined the Ali)ha Delta Phi fraternity, the Philozctian dehatini^- clnh and the Alpha Xn literary society. He was secretary of his class in hVeshman year and magistcr cdcndi in Senior year. Was one of the speakers at the second Sophomore exhihition and also at the Junior exhibition. At opening of the college year in 1870, he accepted an appointment as as- sistant librarian of the imiversity. under Professor Tenbrook, in succession to Air. Davis who retired on account of ill health, and remained until March, 1871, when Mr. Davis returned with restored health and resumed his duties in the library at Idiayer's request, as he was longing for a change of air and new fields. In the spring of 1871, Thayer visited Washington. D. C, where he had relatives residing, and found immediate employment as an assistant in the library of Congress, under ]\Ir. A. R. Spof- ford, \vho was for many years the head of that great institution. Remained in the librarv only about three months, as he was un- willing to give the assurance required by Mr. Spofford. that he would remain for at least five years. Secured a clerkship in the Treasury Department and in the autumn of 1871 entered the law school of Columbian Cniversit}- at Washington. In 1873, was admitted to the bar in W^ashington and in June of the same year was graduated from the Law School. In the same year he was transferred from his clerical position and appointed as law officer of the office of the supervising archi- tect of the Treasury, and remained in that office until 188;'), when lie resigned and entered upon the practice of law, in partnership with Fred C. Coldren, of the class of 1882, U. of M., at Washing- ton, and has been coiuinuously engaged in the practice of law, in Washington, since that date. For the last ten }-ears the firm has been Thayer & Rankin, his i)artner being John M. Rankin, a graduate of Centre College, Kentucky, and associated with the firm is Walter F. Rogers, who is widely known as a patent law- yer and an authority on patent law. The firm has for manv vears given special attention to land and mining law and litiga- 186 Class of '70, Uni\ersitv of Michigan. tion. He spent the winter of 1875-6, in Europe, havinj;- l)een sent there liy the (ujvernnient in connection with the refmnhnq" of the national delit. Meniiiii^- and Thayer hved toj^ether in \\'ashinii'ton for nian\- years, until Ideniini^- married. Since lea\- ing- g-overnnient service he has hectnne locall}- identified to some extent with the municipal affairs of the District of Columhia. He was for several years a memher of the school hoard of Wash- ington and also judge achdcate general of the militia of the District of Columhia. He is now a memher of the hoard of trustees of the puhlic lihrary at Washington, for which a $350,000.00 huild- ing is now in course of construction, due to the generositv of Andrew Carnegie. Each of these otfices were appointive and with- out emolument. He has heen for many years a memher of the C'dsukv; L'luh, one of the leading cluhs of Washington, founded and maiiUained as distinctively scientitic, literar\- and artistic, and which is lo- cated in what is known as the "Dolly Aladison" house, it having heen the home of the widow of President Madison for the last twenty-live years of her life. He is now the president of that cluh and says that he ajjin-eciates that distinctic)n as an honor greatly heyond his deserts, and as prohalih' the greatest he is ever likely to have conferred on him. Thayer is unmarried. He and Michael A. Meyendorft' are believed to he the sole representatives of celibacy remaining in the class list. TA'idently the "judge" was ttio large and ".Mike" was too small. P'ach deserved a better fate. l')y reason of his location in Washington, Tha\er has, from time to time, met a great many of the boys on their iiccasional pilgrimages to the caj^itol city, and says that his heart is still warm with aff'ection for the ( ^Id Class and full of tender memories of the old days; that his pride in the ( )ld (_"lass has betMi strongly emphasized by the opportunities given him to observe the high quality of public service rendered by members of "70, who in natural order have been summonetl to high public office; that he has seen Dav, Noble. ]\loses. Penfield and luaker tilling admir- Department oe Literature, Science, anu Arts. 187 al)lv C()ns])icu()ns places and rcllcctiiiLi: .threat lioiinr on the class as well as themselves. lie ()1)ser\es that evidence has not been wanting that a high general average of attainment and useful- ness has been maintained by the class as a whole, but that we should be grateful that great oi)])ortunities liave come to several of the boys and been fully met. Thayer further states that he feels that his certificate of this fact may be of value in the general round-up of vital statistics of the class, and he gives it cheerfully and in enii)hatic terms. His address is Atlantic I'.uilding, Wash- iupton, 1). (. . Alexander Thomson, B.S., LL.B. Clackamas, Oregon. The subject of this sketch was born on Griggsville Prairie in I'ike County, Illinois, May 2(1, 1844. His father, William Thomson, first saw the light on a farm near Wheeling, \irginia. April 17, 1818, and was l)y oc- cupation a farmer. In 1836, he removed to Illinois and was en- gaged in farming until his death, which occurred on his farm at Verona in that state, on l^ecem- ber 7th, 1900, after an illness of only about 24 hours, aged 82. The maiden name of Alexand- er's mother was Sarah Jane Gilbreath. Her parents were from Connecticut and located in Illinois, where they died, leaving two daughters, Sarah Jane, aged 7, and her sister aged 5, to be taken ,care of by strangers. Sarah Jane was adopted into the family of James McWilliams where she lived until married to William Thomson. She died when Alexander was onlv six vears of age. 188 Class of '70, Uni\-ersitv of Michigan. near Wheeling, \'a., on the farm where Alexander's father was horn. She had l^een sick for several years with consinnption and was taken to \ irginia in hopes that a change of climate would give relief, hut the fatal disease soon terminated her life. After his mother's death Alexander returned to Griggsville, Illinois, with his father who, after a lapse of ahout four vears, married a second time and settled in (irundy County, near \'e- rona. The fruits of this union were three daughters, all of whom are living, so that, as Alexander says, he "has one and one-half sisters, that is three half-sisters." After his return from A'irginia he made his home with James AlcWilliams for two years, then with Jerome Ferry for several months and then with Thomas ^Miller. After his father's second marriage Alexander went with him to Grundy County and attended public school in Pike and Grimdy counties. When the great war for the Union broke out Alexander manifested that loyalty and steadfastness which have ever Ijeen distinguishing traits in his character, and enlisted September 16, 1862, in Henshaw's Illinois Battery, which was assigned to the 23d Army Corps, and found service in Kentucky and Tennessee. His command took part in the chase after Alor- gan in 1863, and in the engagement with the forces under Long- street at Campbells station near Knoxville, and withstood a siege of twenty days in Kno.xville. He served in the army until the close of the war when he was mustered out July 25th, 1865. He then entered (jrand Prairie Seminary at (Jnarga, Ilk, to prepare for entering the L^niversity of Alichigan, but, he says that, after a time "the faculty took the lilierty of disagreeing with se\ eral of us }otmg men with regard to the management of the seminary, and we departed never to return as students unless the faculty would retract what they had said, which they never did." He finished his school year at ( )narga Institute and entered the Uni- versity of ^Michigan with the class in September, 1866. He was present at everv recitation of his class during the four years' course, which cannot be said of any other member. He was a member of the Philozetian debatinf;- club and of the Literarv Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 189 Adelplii : was one of the speakers at the secoiul Sophomore ex- hibition ; was elected class Seer in the Junior year and presented the medal to P. H. P.nmpus on Class Day, 1870. After beinq- graduated from the literary department with the class of "70, he entered the law dci)artment in the fall of the same year, and in 1872 received his degree of LL.B. His father, at that time, being- very sick, Mr. Thomson returned to his home in Illinois and managed his father's farm for one year. In 1873 he determined to cast his lot in the western country and passing through Chicago, where he met classmates Maltman and Rush, he went directly to Oregon. He located in Clack- amas Count}' where he has lived ever since. He has been en- gaged in teaching part of the time. In 1884 he was elected as a Republican to represent his district in the. state legislature and served for two terms, having been re-elected by a good majority. In 1888 the people of his county elected him county superintend- ent of schools for two years, and in 1890 re-elected him for two years more by a majority of 800 votes, his Repul:)lican successor getting a majority of only 27 votes. During this time he had 106 schools, numliering over 6,000 pupils, under his supervision. y\r. Thomson was married September 22, 1875. to Sarah J- Almendin.ger, of Ann Arbor, Mich. Their son, Milo ^I.. was born June 10, 1877. Roy M. was born April 1st, 1879, and Cora ]\I. was born h^liruary 9th, 1884. They had the misfortune of losing their son Roy in 1890. He was kicked by a horse and from the elTects of the injury he received died July 13th of that vear. ^ililo passed through the public schools at Clackamas and one year in the high school in Oregon City. He is now employed in a state lish culture establishment hatching salmon on the Ump- qua river in southern Oregon. Their daughter Cora passed through the grades of the pu1)lic schools and one year at Oregon City high school, and then entered Portland high school, from which she was graduated in June, 1901, at the age of 17. Mr. Thomson has been in good health most of the time since leaving the university. In 1898 he had what the doctor called 190 Class of 70, Uxiversitv of Michigan. a slight stroke of apoplex}-, l)ut he has recovered and apiK^ars to be taking the world easy and is full of his old-time cheerfulness. He is a member of the G. A. R., and in politics he is a conserva- tive Republican. He has not seen any member of the class since he went to Oregon, in 1873, but says that he has a warm place in his heart for all of his old classmates and cordiallv invites them to share in the hospitalities of his home whenever in his locality. His address is Clackamas, Oregon. Orlando La Fayette Tindall, A.M., B.D. Zion City, Lake Co., III. Was born at South Grove. DeKalb County, Illinois, No- vember 25, 1847. His father was Jesse Tindall, born in New Jersey, of English descent ; mar- ried ]\lary Barlier, whose birth- place was New York State. Their son, (Jrlando L., lived \vith them on a farm during his youth. h>om his early child- hood he has labored under the disadvantages of having a par- tially paral}zed arm. His early education was acquired in an old log school house situated in a beautiful grove, one mile from his home, where, he says, shoes and stockings were out of style after about the first of April. His iiiiilcrsfaiidiiig, therefore, expanded freely, antl, being of a studious disposition, he developed an ability to enter Beloit Col- lege, Beloit, Wis., at the age of sixteen. He remained here, first in the preparatory department and afterwards in the College classical course, until 1868, when he entered the University of DliPARTMENT OF LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ArTS. 191 Michigan with the class (if "70. ,\t IJeloit he was fortunate to l)e under the instruction of those ahle and well-known instructors, Emerson and Porter, who have only recently died at a very ad- vanced age. This was a strict Congregational school. The l)Ovs ( no girls then ) were compelled to go to chapel every morn- ing, failing" which, their college life was in peril. The same danger followed heing ahsent from church Simday mornings or from Prex's Sunday afternoon seruKju. If to this cause can be traced the reason for j\lr. Tindall's leaving Beloit and joining the class of "70 of the University of Michigan, every member of this class has good cause for rejoicing over the strictness of the discipline at Peloit. In college he was a member of the Literary Adelphi. Mr. Tindall completed his course and was graduated with "70. He then returned to his home uncertain as to his future, tie thought of taking up the profession of the law, but hesitated, yet he says that he "still ])elieves that it is possible for a lawver to l>e saved, and that it is not harder for him to enter the Kingdom than for a camel to go through the eye of a needle." However the ministr\- kicked the beam, and he entered Union Theological Seminary, Chicago, in the fall of 1870. Pie went thoroughly to work and investigated church matters and ques- tions, expecting to follow the light as it came to him. He re- mained at the seminary one year, but in the meantime united Avith the M. E. Church. Dr. Charles H. Fowler (now Pishop ) was pastor. Mr. Tindall discarded the doctrine of election and predestination and adhered to that of the freedom of the will. In the fall of 1871 he entered the Garrett Biblical Institute at Evanston, a Methodist school, and was graduated there in the summer of 1873, with the degree of B.D. He also received the degree of A.M. from the iTiiversity of Michigan. Mr. Tindall commenced his labors in the ministry in a sul)- urban town of Chicago, speaking without notes — a practice which he has continued to the present time. He then preached at Prairie du Chien, Wis., for six months. In the fall of 1873, he joined the Illinois Conference and began his regular work of circuit riding, with four appointments among the farmers. As a result of his effective work, in the fall of 1874 and winter of 1874-5, about one hundred converts joined the church. 192 Class of 70, University of Michigan. On July 4. 1S76, ]\fr. Tindall was inarriecl to Miss Anna E. Harvey, of Jacksonville. 111. She was a graduate from the Illi- nois Female College at Jacksonville. Their onlv child. Alary Evangeline, was liorn July 2g. ^^yy. In 1879, Airs. Tindall's health requiring a change of climate. Air. Tindall took his family to Colorado. They passed the summer at Puehlo, Colorado Springs and Denver. Airs. Tindall's health improved for a time, but on their return to Illinois, in the fall, she failed rapidly and on the 9th of December, 1879, passed to the better world. Air. Tindall's health being somewhat broken, he started in June, 1880, for London, hoping that a change of scenes and needed rest would fully restore it to its former vigor. He made a il\ing trip through parts of Europe. Crossed the Xorth Sea and went up through Holland, visited Cologne, spent a delightful da\- on the Rhine with its picturesque scenery and towering castles ; went down through the Black Forest of Germany and crossed the Alps in a diligence drawn by seven horses. He visited Alilan, A'enice, Florence and Rome, and says that he had an opportunity to kiss the toes of St. Peter in the great cathedral. He returned via Turin, Genoa, St. Gothard Pass, Lake Geneva and Paris. Msited friends in the Xorth of Wales ; visited London a second time, heard Gladstone speak in the House of Commons, and after seeing the great sights of the great city, sailed for home, arriv- ing in the latter part of August, 1880. He again took up the ministry for about three years, but ill health constrained him to seek a change in the West. He determined to and did settle on a beautiful farm of 320 acres, two and one-half miles from the historical city of Lawrence. This farm was formerly owned by Governor Sprague, of Rhode Island. Here were bred many fine and valuable horses. Air. Tindall remained on this farm eight pleasant and profitable years, raising grain and stock. He was married Alarch 2, 1884, to Aliss Xancy Havs Price, of Carrollton, 111. In 1890, while spending a vacation at Alin- neapolis, Alinn., Air. Tindall and his wife became acquainted with Rev. John Alex. Dowie and attended a "Divine Healing Alission" for three weeks, which he was conducting. They be- came very nmch interested in Dowie and his teachings. From that time to the present both Air. and Airs. Tindall have been Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 193 strong' supporters of the faith he taught. In 1897 they severed tlieir connection with tlie AL E. Church and Air. Tindall was or- dained an elder in the "Christian Cathohc Church in Zion." He spent a year in tliat ministry at Lawrence. l)Ut in the fah of 1898, he moved to Chicago, and in Fehruary. 1899, he was appointed Principal of the Alinisterial Training" Department in Zion Col- lege, which had just been opened by Rev. John Alex. Dowie. Tindall still tills that position. He has also been professor of Greek in the college. ( )n December 23d. i8y8, his only daughter, Alary Evangeline, twenty years of age, was taken to the better land. She had just entered the Junior year in Kansas L'niversity at Lawrence. It is believed that overwork in her studies l)rought on the trouble that terminated a beautiful and promising life. Tames Fisher Tweedy, A.B. New York City. James Fisher Tweedy, the oldest son of John H. Tweedv, of Danbury, Conn., and Anna Marion Eisher, of iJoston, A/Iass.. was l)orn in Alihvaukee, Wisconsin, on the 20th of ATarch. 1849. His father, born in Danbury. in 1814. was of Scotch-Irish ancestry. He stud- ied in the village schools to pre- pare for Yale, where he was graduated from the academic and legal departments. After graduation in 1836, he traveled through the West, . and iinally settled in Alihvaukee, where he engaged in the practice of law, and entered actively into local and state politics. In 1848 he 194 Class of 70, University of Michigan. was elected territorial delegate to Washington, and there was intluential in procuring- the admission of \\'isconsin into the rank of statehood. He died Xovemlier 12th. 190 1, at his home in Milwaukee. James was educated at the private and pul)lic schools of Mil- waukee till his fifteenth year, when he was sent to Phillips Exeter Academy at Exeter, X. H., to prepare for Harvard College. On completing- the Exeter course, he was induced l\v western friends to enter the University of Michigan instead of an Eastern institution, which he did in Septemher, 1866, with the class of '70. During- the Freshman and first half of the Sophomore vear at Ann Arhor he lived at the Mott hotise, situated opposite the present gymnasium, then the hall held. There lived the (Juarles hrothers, Joseph, now senator from \\'isconsin, and Charles, a prominent lawyer ; the former in the law school and the latter in the aca- demic department, class of '68. There, too, lived Henry Durkee and H. Willie Lord, royal hosts to Freshman eyes ; W. R. Day and Peter King of '70; James Freeman Clark, nephew of the noted Unitarian divine of that name, and Edward Cramer, now otn- consul at Florence. In the latter part of his Freshman vear he joined the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity, of which many in the house were memhers. In that house our now famous classmate, quondam Secretary of State, gave evidence of that talent for di])lomacy, which in later years stood us in such stead against Spain, when we grahhed the Philippines and donned the title of a world power. For then with others he planned that memor- a1)le court of incjuiry, whose place of nieeting is well known to "70, and whose exit on a certain occasion was noted more for its celerit}- than dignity. In January of the Sophomore year Tweedy moved to Mr. r>ird"s house on State St., where the stern eves of John C. Free- man, now professor of Wisconsin University, and Alhert Patten- gill, Seniors and roommates, restrained somewhat any too marked Sophomoric propensities. Then "Binders" was a great tempta- tion, where howls were filled and toasts were drunk, and whence Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 195 manv a lad returned to l)ed a wee liit frisky. Then nian\- a .q,"ate Avas divorced from hinge, and many a liouseholder did rue the day when Sophomores went out to play. Albert Weisbrod was Tweedy's roommate for half a year at Bird's house. He was the Aoungest of the class, and later made an enviable reputation as a lawver, and was an active citizen of ( )shkosh, his native town, when death called him. Two delightful weeks were spent with him with gun and canoe among- the bayous of the Wolf river in upper Wisconsin, where game was plenty and nature but little disturbed by human habitations. In the Junior year the ladies began to play a part. Hops were in order. Careful toilets were made, and cut of coat was most important. In classroom Porter's ponderous sentences and Michell's glowing- pictures held the student's attention, unless, sad to relate, a too inviting- sun tempted some out of the window that stood so conveniently behind the partition. Then Frieze's kindly countenance looked on him, and gave to Horace a tone and color perhaps never dreamed of by the poet himself. Then ideals were clothed with angels" wings and prose was poetry. Days all too short and year too soon ended. In the Senior year Tweedy roomed with Andrew J. ]\Iack at Mr. Thayer's, on Huron St. Binder's course in physics was then a popular one with some of the class, and many hours and much midnight oil were spent in serious contemplation of the problems of that intricate science. Especial attention Avas given to the laws of gravity and upheaval, a branch of the science attempted only by a chosen few, whose capacity was found to be adapted to so profound a sul)iect. Who can fittingly relate the story of the last supper at Hang- stefer's and the farewells at the depot? Not even the famous philosopher of clothes Avould attempt to picture those scenes. After graduation Tweedy joined a party formed by Alfred Noble, to survey the harbors of Cheboygan and Alpena in Michi- gan, which returned to Milwaukee in late fall to map out the work done in the field. Influenced by that experience, he re- 196 Class of '70, University of Michigan. turned to Ann Arl)or in Septenil:)er. "71, and took a partial course in engineering", rooming with (ieo. W. Peckham, of ^Milwaukee, now librarian of the ]Milwaukee Public Lil)rary, who was taking a course in the medical school. Day had also returned to take a course in law and manage the law library. Then was formed a Radical Club, which met frecjuently in their rooms to discuss theories of future life, salvation and kindred su])jects, and had one memoralile meeting by invitation, at Dr. C'ocker's house, when it was hoped the good doctor would settle beyond doubt certain perplexing questions as to the hereafter. Day, I'urton. Peckham and Alice P>elcher were members, and animated talkers at the meetings. The offer of work with an engineering j^arty sent cnit b}' the C, M. & St. P. R. R. to survey the line between Milwaukee and Chicago, caused l\vee(ly to cut short his course in engineering and enter the emj)loy of that company in h>bruary, '^2. In September of the same year he married ^lary Alice Belcher, of ]\Iilwaukee. The first few nu)nths of 'y^, were spent in Canton, Ohio, where \\'illiam McKinley and William R. Day were ])leading some of their first law cases, and laying the foundation of statesmanship, now known throughout the world. In May he returned to Milwaukee and entered the ofiice of Conro, Starke Co., contractors, for whom he drew the plans for the first dry dock built there. With them he remained till 1878, when he took an active interest in the banking and brokerage business which he had started with Mr. lielcher in 1875. In ]88t he joined the Xew York Stock Exchange and moved with his family to Xew York City, leaving his brother, John H. Tweed}', Jr., to manage the business in Alilwaukee. At the ex- piration of the copartnership, in i888. Tweedy retired from busi- ness and devoted much of his time to recovering health, much broken by fifteen years of office life. Soon after he came into the possession of an abandoned X'ew Hampshire farm, situated among the foothills of the White mountains and twelve miles Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 197 from anv railroad. There he s])ent most of each year, relurning to Xevv York in the late fall. I'here he farmed a little, followed the mountain brook tO' cast for trout, or floated on the slightly ruffled waters of some spring-fed lake to try his skill with bass or pickerel. Nature proved to be a good doctor. In January, 1899, opportunity offered to tr\' business again and he entered the stock exchange office of Theo. Wilson, now Wilson, Watson & Herbert, where he can be found at the present time. He has five children, four sons and one daughter, in the order of their birth, Arthur William, born August i8th, 1873; Mar- garet Hunter, born April 16th, ]875; Richard, l)orn November i6th, 1876; James Ijelcher, born 3>Iay 2(1, 1878; and Alfred, born February 24th, 1880. Of these the two older sons are devoted to art, the daughter is living at home, James is studying law in Columbia and Alfred is at Yale Sheffield School. In national politics he has been an independent, voting with the Democrats for Cleveland and with the Republicans for Mc- Kinley, while in city matters he has been invariably against the bosses, and alth(jugh most of the time on the losing side, feels at last rewarded In- this victorv for good government under the banner of Seth Low. His present residence is Spuyten Duyvil, New York City, the most picturesque spot in greater New York. His Imsiness ad- dress is No. 6 Wall Street. Peter Voorheis, A.B. Died at Grand Rapids, Mich., December M, J 890. Was born September 11, 1843, ^^ White Lake, Oakland Co., Michigan. His father's name was Sebring Voorheis. He lived on his father's farm and attended district school until he com- menced prc])aration for college at ^"psilanti, Vlich. He entered the l^niversity of Michigan in September, 1866, with the class of '70. Joined the Philozetian debating clul) and the Alpha Nu literary society. Was one of the speakers at the first Sophoiuore 198 Class of '70, Univp:rsity of Michigan. exliiliition. He entered upon the study of law ininiediatelv after graduation, with Crawfoot & Brewer, in Pontiac, Mich., and re- mained with them until ^^lay, '71. He then went to Holland, Mich., and took charge of the L'. S. harhor improvements at that place until Xovemher. 'yi. During the following winter he at- tended the law department of the U. of i\I., and in April, 'y2, was admitted to the Michigan l)ar at Pontiac. S(ion thereafter he settled at Grand Rapids, Mich., and commenced the practice of his profession, and made that [jlace his home. In '82, he added to his law practice the husiness of tire insurance and loans, and at the time of his death his husiness was yielding a fair in- come. He was married August, '76, to Cornelia A. Woodward, of Grand Rapids, Mich. Children : Leroy Woodward, Clarence Sehring, Frederick Woodward. ( hie child died in infanc\ . Peter \'oorheis died suddenly of heart disease, Decemher 17, '90, at Grand Rapids, while engaged in the trial of a law suit. He was waiting for the opposing counsel to state an olyjection when he was seen to hend forward over the tahle at which he was standing and, before any one cotild reach him, expired with- out a gasp or groan. His wife happened to be in the court room at the time and noticed that his voice trembled slightly and that a change came over his countenance. As he leaned forward upon the table she hastened to his side, but the vital spark had fled. He was generous hearted, genial and kind, and will l)e remem- bered for his many noble ciualities of manhood. He was a mem- ber of the Congregational church. Mrs. Cornelia A. A'oorheis, widow of Peter Wiorheis, died July 9, 1900, leaving her surviving the above named three chil- dren. Leroy W'., now about 23 years old, was gracltiated from the high school at Grand Rapids, ]\{ich., in 1897, and entered the University of Michigan the same year, remaining" one year. In the fall of 1898, he was employed by a Cincinnati house, The Globe-Wernicke Co., as traveling agent. He is still so employed, covering the States of ]\IichiQan, Indiana and Illinois in his DliPARTMEiNT OF LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ArTS. 199 travels. Clarence S., aliont 20 years of age, was graduated from the high school at (llrand Rapids. After the death of his mother he carried on the insurance husiness estahlished b}- his father, until he found an opportunity to sell out, and was then employed ])y the National lliscuit Co. at Grand Rapids, ]\lich., \\ith which compau}- he is still connected. Frederick W., about 14 years old, is now in the high school at Grand Rapids, energetic and inde- pendent, like his father. These boys are all doing well and are worthy successors of the genial Peter A'oorheis of the class of '70. William James Waters, C.E. Whereabouts Unknown. He was born September 10, 1841, at the village of Rye, N. Y. His father, William Waters, was a farmer. His mother's maiden name was Alary Ann Smythe. He learned the printers trade. W^as of a roving disposition and resided at diiTerent times at Xew York City, Hudson, X. Y.. Xew Bedford, Cambridge and Boston, Mass. He traveled in Central and South America, sailed along the Atlantic coast as well as the Pacific coast of those countries and at several points journeyed into the interior. His final preparation for college was made at Exeter, X. H. Entered Harvard College, but remained only one year. He then entered the Cniversitv of Alichigan in 1S66 and completed his course with the class of '70. He was a member of the Masonic order. After receiving his degree he was engaged for two or three }-ears in making maps of cities of Michigan, \\'isconsin and Iowa. About 1875 he was married at Columbus, ( )., and was employed there as superintendent of the ( )hio Bent Woodworks until 1877, when he left there and no definite trace of him since that time can be ascertained. ITis business affairs are said to have l)een satisfactory and no reason can be assigned for his sudden dis- appearance. In the last letter received from Air. W. C. Willits, written Octo- ber 7, ujoi, he says of Air. Waters: 200 Class of '70, University of Michigan. "I do not think him dead. I do know though, that he loft Columhus, ()., (where he was superintendent of the Ohio Bent Woodworks) without notice to any one. What his trouhles were and why he went away so unceremoniously I do not know. Dr. Travett was owner of the woodworks. I have been to Columlms, and permit me to say that his relations to the woodworks was straight, without any crookedness. Waters was the embudiment of honor. He was of a roving dis- position. Something seemed tO' him unendural)le, and as a strange place had no terrors for him, l)ut rather a charm, he went away. He was seen in Texas for about a year after his de- parture, since when all trace has been lost."" L.ate efforts have been made to learn something of him by correspondence with several persons at Columbus, ()., but iioth- ing new has been developed. Oliver Hart Wattles, B.S. Lapeer, Mich. He was born in Lapeer, La- peer County, jMichigan, Janu- ary 29, 1850. His father. John M. \\'attles, born ]\Iarch 20, 1819. in I Bradford County, Pa., lost bis parents when he was onh- six years old and from Ijoy- buiid was (ibligetl to make his own way in the world. He achieved distinction as an al)le law_\er and successful lianker. He established the l)anking house of J. M. Wattles & Co., of Lapeer, Mich., which, after his death. Septemljer 20, 1893. ^^'^^ continued by his son, Oliver H. Wattles, the subject of this sketch. Oliver's mother, Phila A. Hart, was born in Connecti- Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 201 cut, F'el)ruarv 6th, 1824, one of twelve children. Her family re- moved to Lapeer County, Alich., in 1831. She was known as a lady of culture and refinement, and her services as a teacher were in c^ood demand. She was married to John At. Wattles January 1st, 1847. •'^^'"-^ "^^i^*^^ ii"^ January, 1882. (31iver H. attended district school until he was i^ years old, Avhen, like some other bovs with a desire to see the world, he ran away from home and remained away one year. We next hear of him as a student for two terms in Detroit and then one term in the union school at Ann Arl)or, then entering the L'niversity of Michigan in the fall of 1866. with the class of '70. He was a niemlier of the Philozetian tlehating club. Although he ex- pressed regret that he had not had a better preparation for col- lege, yet he stood well in his class, and on graduation was well prepared for the business he has given his life to — that of Ijanking, first as a partner with his father and after his death as his suc- <:essor. His travels have taken him to Philadelphia, Xew York. Washington, Chicago, St. Paul and other cities of the I'nited States. For ten years, 1874 to 1884, he had the honor of rep- resenting his ward as an alderman and during that time he exerted his influence in favor of good government and of better educa- tional facilities for the youth of his native city. He has declined to take any other office, giving his entire attention to l^anking. He enjoys the confiden.ce and respect of his friends and acquaint- ances and of the business commiuiitx' in which he lives. 202 Class of 70, University of Michigan. Albert William Weisbrod, A.B. Died at Oshkosh, Wis., April 18, J 892. He was Ijorn in the City of ( )shkosh, Wisconsin, on the 4th (lay of ( )ctoher, 1851. He died in the city of his hirth, on the i8th da}- of April, 1892, after an ill- ness of ahont ten days, of acute kidney disease, which was su- perinduced l)y the nervous ten- sion to which he was subjected on account of the sudden death of his younger brother, Otto, who died five days before him, at the age of 28 years. His father, Charles August Weisbrod, was born at Zim- mern, Germany; was educated as a lawyer, antl married Elise Frances Goetz, of Zininiern, her native city; the issue of the marriage being seven children, four daughters and three sons ; of the latter, .Albert being the eldest. The parents came to America in the year 1848, and settled at the city of Oshkosh. where the father commenced the practice of the law, which he continued in the same place up to the time of his death. Throughout his career the elder Weisbrod held a high position at the bar of his county and was one of the leading progressive spirits of his time. He died Alay 21, 1876, eight da}'S after the death of his third daughter. Mrs. Weisbrod followed him on the iith of October, 1897. Albert was a very promising son, and was not only given such advantages as the local schools afforded, but his father having decided to make a lawyer of him. sent him to the Uni- versity of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where he remained from 1866 to the time of his graduation in 1870. He went to Europe early Dei'Artaient of Literature, Science, and Arts. 203 in 1871 and attended the University of Heidelliei'L;" for six months, taking- the law lectures only. His father was tenacious regard- ing- his retention of the (jernian language and his thorough equipment in that sphere. He continued his studies at the Leip- zig I^nivcrsitv, which he attended until late in 1872, linishing- his work at the llerlin University, where he gave especial atten- tion to the law lectures, alth.ough he was a member of the gen- eral course. Leaving Europe he came home to Oshkosh in July, 1873, and at once entered upon the practice of the law in the office of his father and Chas. W. Felker. who^ were partners. Albert was soon admitted to the firm. Soon after his father's death, he formed a copartnership with ITenry 1j . Harshaw (late State Treasurer of Wisconsin), to which firm Chas. Nevitt was ad- mitted in 1884, the partnership continuing until 1889. Later the firm name was Weisbrod. Harshaw & Thompson, the latter, A. E. Thompson (formerly of Princeton, Wisconsin), being at the time assistant L'nited States district attorney for eastern district of Wisconsin. In all of the firms, after the death of his father, Air. Weisbrod was the acknowledged senior member, although to some of his associates a junior in years, and was accorded the lalioring oar in all of the important trials conducted by the firm. As a trial lawyer, Air. Weisl^rod ranked with the foremost among- the younger lawyers of his state. He was a systematic, method- ical worker in the preparation of his case for trial, and never depended upon the hope that some fortunate turn of affairs would help him to a verdict. He was gifted with a remarkably clear, strong voice and by nature was graceful in his action and bear- ing, the element of precision being always apparent without a suggestion of the rigid. He was considered by the business in- terests of his city as one of the most safe and conseiwative coun- sellors and held an envied reputation for professional and busi- ness integrity. Air. W^eisbrod never having married, was his father's successor in the home as the head and adviser of the fanulv ui) to the time of his death. He was a member of the 204 Class of '70, University of Michigan. Masonic order and filled the hig-hest office in the local lodge, about three years before his death. He was postmaster for the city of Oshkosh during the first Cleveland administration, in- dicating that he was a Democrat in politics. In his vouth he was a most ardent devotee of all the outdoor sports, and through- out his life devoted nuich of his leisure time to the pleasures of gun and rod. He was robust in health, strong in frame and of an extremely active, nervous temperament. Although he died at the age of forty, his vigorous manhood developed a finished individuality which was impressed upon the comnumity he left, and his professional life, though short, would, if sketched from the court records of his state, well-nigh fill the alottcd three score vears and ten of other men. Charles Manley Wells, M.S. Los Angeles, Cal. The most important event in the life of C. 'M. Wells occurred ( )ctober 23d. 1842 — he was born — Gibson, S u s q ue h a n n a County, Pennsylvania. He be- gan life, not only very yotmg, I)ut also very small, his chief attributes at that time being \-()ice and appetite. "Hardly worth raising." was the verdict. .Still, in accordance with tlie cus- tom of liabies, he grew and was good and naughty, a blessing and a trial, as most children are. Until thirteen years of age, he lived in the coal mining town of Wilkesbarre, Penn., where his father, Geo. H. Wells, practiced law. During these vears the boy had the advantages of a good, plain home, a devoutly Chris- Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 205 tian mother, a practical, free-thinking, upright father ; and he re- ceived i)lenty of precepts and admonition, enforced hy the mother with mild slaps and by the father with a severe rod. His primary schooling- was mostly obtained at home, taught by his parents ; hence it was neither systematic nor thorough. His great bug-bear was the horrible, unprincipled, wicked spell- ing of the English language, lacking sense and reason and right ; causing tears and heart burns innumerable ; otherwise he took hold well, without either precocity or dullness, and at thirteen stood, in patches, l)Oth l)eyond and behind the pupils of like age in the public schools. In 1855 tl^^ ^if^ o^' young Wells changed from town to coun- try — Wilkesbarre, Penn., to Gibson, Penn., since the father, be- cause of failing eyesight, was compelled to aljandon the practice of law and become a farmer. This meant to young Wells dis- trict school winters and hard work the rest of the year ; for Sus- qtiehanna County is rough, hilly and un]:)roductive, excepting in dairy products, and also in apples, with their bi-products — cider and applejack. This life was without luxuries, culture, society and other reputed advantages, l)ut gave in abundance the im- portant benefits of vigorous physical life, in fresh, pure air, with plenty of hearty, ntttritious food, and consequent active digestion and proper assimilation. The lioy soon distanced his classmates in the district schools, taking' "go as you please" courses, and later skirmished for more education in the higher schools of the county — at Harford. New Milford and Montrose, learning, at the latter place, the county seat, that vounger bovs could easily outrank him in education and social acquirements — an im^xirt- ant and needed lesson. He espoused the Fremont cause in the campaign with Bu- chanan in 1856, entering into it with hearty zest and enthusiasm, taking the teachings of Horace Greeley and the Tribune, as truth that shotild and must prevail. Having- remained ever since a 206 Class of '70, University of Michigan. consistent. l)nt not hidc-lxinnd Re])nl)lican. this early stand, in the light of snhse(|uent develoj^nients, is to him a sonrce of pleasant reniemhrance. When nineteen years old he taught the South (ii])son district school — a tough one — where the amiual practice had Iteen. hased on ])rinciple, to throw the teacher out of the school each winter. Here he "hoarded round", the redeeming feature heing that he . S., returning to his work at ]\Iuskegon. While in college he was a memljer of the I'hilozetian dehating cluh and the Alpha Xu literar}- society. Was one of the speakers at the second Sophomore exhihition and also at the Junior ex- hil)ition. He ])resented tlv "class cup" at the hrst class reunion, in a ha])p_\' and interesting address, hefore a large audience in the Methodist church. In the spring of '71. he was advanced to the position of assist- ant U. S. engineer, and took charge of six harhors on the east coast of Lake Michigan, viz.: Muskegon. White River. I'cnt- 208 Class of "70, University of Michigan. water, Luclington, Manistee and Frankfort, l)eing stationed suc- cessively at Muskegon, White River, Alihvaukee, Detroit and Pentwater. In Decemlier, ''ji. he was permitted to move his office for the winter to Ann Arlwr, where he took the course of law lectures at the university. He continued in the government employ until June. "74, when he resigned to take charge of the erection of an asylum for the insane at Pontiac, ]\lich . a state institution. Pie had, the pre- ceding autiunn, traveled all over eastern Michigan, with the State hoard for the purpose of locating this asylum. Wells re- mained here energetically at work until the asylum was com- pleted and ready for its first inmate. August 2d, 1878, when he took charge of the Inisiness management of the institution and he conducted it uiUil the close of "79. Failing health forced him to resign. He had for the past few years applied himself so closelv to his duties, visiting nearly all the as}'lums of the United States on business connected with the construction and ecjuip- ment of the building, that he was compelled to take a rest and go South, but his visit to Jdot Springs, Arkansas, and to Xew Orleans did not improve his health, and in June, '80, he went to New York City to consult Dr. Wm. A. Flammond. under whose treatment he barelv escaped alive. He spent the balance of the sum- mer at his father's home at (iibson. Pa., and in October he moved with his family to \\'auseon. ( )hio, and in December returned to Pontiac. The sudden death of his father, January 15, "81. called him east to Gibson, Pa., wliere he remained as administrator of the estate, until A])ril. He then returned to Alichigan and spent the remainder of the year a<: Kalamazoo, in poor health, planning and putting new heating apparatus in the ^Michigan asylum, at that place. In the fall of '81 he traveled through the northern part of the state with the board, to locate an additional asylum, which they did at Traverse City, and Wells was employed to take charge of its construction in ''^2. He continued in charge until its comple- tion in '85. In the meantime he suffered continually with rheu- Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 209 matism, and traveled more or less for relief, going- to Trinidad, Colorado, Cincinnati. Lexington, Ky.. and St. Louis. In June, '85, he was made a trustee of the asylum and presi- dent of the board, in which position he was able to control the policy and management of the institution, and he introduced many improvements and betterments in the treatment of the insane. In "86 he spent the winter and spring in California in search of health, making another trip later to observe the simimer cli- mate. For several years he had been compelled to pass all or a portion of each winter in the South and, despairing of improve- ment under the old conditions, he determined to make sotithern California his future home. He consequently resigned his posi- tion at the asylum, cut loose from old scenes, old friends, estab- lished business, everything that had taken his thoughts and en- ergy since the days of '70, and in November, "86, moved to Los Angeles. His health rapidly improved, and he entered upon a success- ful business career, invested in real estate, assuming a director- ship in a bank and assisted in organizing the Los Angeles Safe Deposit and Trust Company, and was its president. He made a trip east in August. "87. by way of the Santa Fe. The year '88 marked a steady decline from the great boom of the previous two years, and in '89 his energies were devoted to hedging, trimming sail and bringing into port the crafts set afloat in "87. He made a trip east that year by way of Rio Grande, rettirn- ing to successfully op]:)ose and help defeat the issue of $1,250,000 sewer bonds, as a debt on the City of Los Angeles, and was made president of a citizens" committee to determine and report upon the best method of disposing of the sewerage of the city. He was president of a citizens' commission, organized to urge mu- nicipal ownership and control of the city water system, and how best to obtain an ample supply of pure water ; and in tlie dull years following the boom, he entered heartily into many ques- tions of municipal reforms and local improvements. 210 Class of '70, University of Michigan. The Los Angeles chamber of commerce, having at that time a membership of 500 representative citizens — since more than doubled — made him its president in January, '91, and re-elected him a year later, although he refused to become a candidate for re-election until the evening before the vote was taken. Preparation for the Chicago World's Fair early became a vital question with California, more especially southern Cali- fornia. The legislature of the state appropriated $500,000 for the state exhibit, and the counties gave, in work, exhibits and money twice as much for county exhibits. Wells, as president of the chamber of commerce, was necessarily prominent in the local preparation, which led to his appointment, unsought, in August, '92, to be superintendent of the horicultural department of the state exhibit. This work took him to San Francisco, where he spent the balance of the year, very actively engaged in organiz- ing the World's Fair work. Meantime, however, he returned temporarily to Los Angeles and made a campaign for the Republican nomination for mayor of the city. While leading in the convention, he withdrew from the race in order to unite all the strength of the better elements as against the candidate of the already coml)ined and powerful spoils elements, which was successfully done. in January, "93, he was made secretary of the California World's Fair commission, retaining his position as superintendent of the horicultural department, and the following March moved to Chicago and l)ecame the executive head of the commission, which remained in California ; entering most energetically into- the work of organizing and installing the exhibits. During the fair. Wells worked intensely and incessantly, but was not conscious of the high pressure until when, at its close, the strain removed, he collapsed on his return to Los Angeles, December, '93. He sttffered intenselv from rheumatism and kindred troubles, was confined to his bed most of the year 1894 and portion of '95, and did not relinquish his crutches until xA.ugust, '96. In '96 he es- sayed, handling real estate, but soon proved unequal to the strain, and since that time he has attempted no regular business or par- ticipation in affairs, and he carefully avoids the entanglements of work /to bono publico. Department of Litekature, Science, and Arts. 211 An acute attack of his old enemies developed in ( )ctober, 1900, while he was spending the summer on the beach at Santa Monica, and the struggle for life was a hard one, the rally very slow, and he remained in Santa Monica until December, '01, when he returned to Los Angeles, his general health nuich im- proved. He is now, Xovember, 1902, much bent and crii)])led, \\alks but little, and the stock of vital force is reduced, so as to pre- clude the strain of business. I>y careful, hygienic living and conservation of vitality, he hopes to rt^gain much lost ground, and looks forward to many years of comfortable quiet. In politics Wells is hard money, isthmian canal, expansion and protection, and he recognizes that trusts have come to stay — a world evolution — to be controlled, not effaced ; and he rejoices to see the United States take its proper place as a great world power. In religion he earl}- cut loose from dogmas and the creeds, as was instanced when, as a junior before the Alpha Nu, he pro- posed and took the negative of the ([uestion, "Resolved, That there is such a being as the Devil," and won out, the votes of the society retiring his satanic majest}- from existence. With earning capacity gone, he would like a longer purse, but it will suffice for plain, economical living. Some of the irons put into the fire twelve and fourteen years ago are not yet cold, and possiiily may still be forged into shape to his liking. In temper he is equible ; in views positive, but conservative; in action intense; in execution exact; his memory poor; intuition good; expression concise, Init not fluent; and his life has cen- tered around his home, rather than around society and the clubs. The best work of his life, as affecting his fellowmen. was in the changes, raticjnal and humanizing, in the treatment of the in- sane, introduced through his official influence ; abolition of me- chanical restraints, nuift's, straps, straight-jackets, wristlets, etc., substituting therefor, when necessary, personal restraint ; the abolition of chemical restraints, anodynes that quiet through stu- pefaction, leading inevitably to final collapse; better feeding of the patients; more occupation, exercise, out-of-door life; better surroundings; inside the halls carpets, pictures and music; all the 212 Class of "70, Uxiversity of Michigan. hvijicnic means and influences that, with the sane and insane aHke. tend to (juiet, (Hvert and n(uirish and thus restore 1)\- Imild- ing" up an increased vitalitw His boys. Lionel C. Frank U.. and (leorge R., were horn re- spectively, Xovember 2S. '71 : May 28th, '71; : and September 18, '82. To their mother. Hattie L. Smallman, married December 21st, '70, they owe very largely their good qualities in tempera- ment and disposition. Wells is of Anglo-Saxon stock from Orange County, Xew York. His father, (ieo. H. \\ ells, was lawyer, farmer, merchant in turn : an upright, honorable man of force antl character. His mother. Charlotte Hallock, whose father served in Congress, was of an emotional, religious, refined nature, good and sensible in all things. The present address of Charles M. Wells is 923 East Adaius Street, Los Angeles, California. Charles Rudolphus Whitman, A.M., LL.B. Chicagfo, III. C harles R. Whitman, son of William Creen and Laura Jane I l'"inch ) Whitman, was born at .""^iiuth Uend, Ind., October 4, 1847, and is a seventh lineal de- scendant of John Whitman, of Weymouth, Mass. He atteiuled the schools of his native town un- til fourteen years of age. then re- moving with his ]>arents to Chi- cago. He entered the Foster School there in 1862. and was graduated in 1863. receiving therefrom the Foster medal, awarded for excellence of scholar- ship, and on competitive examination was admitted to the Chicago high school in the autumn of that vear. During the winter of Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 213 1864-5 he attended the high school at Ann Arhor. Mich., after- ward entering the Ypsilanti Seminary, from which he was grad- uated in 1866. In Septeml:)er of that year he l)ecame a member of the class of 1870 in the literary department of the University of Michigan. He was one of the speakers at the Junior exhibition. He was graduated with the class with the degree of A.B. From 1870 to 1871 he was principal of the Ypsilanti Seminary. In the fall of 1 87 1, he entered the law department of the university and was graduated in 1873: in 1875 he received from the university the degree of A.M. Following his graduation in 1873, Whitman located for practice in Ypsilanti in partnership with Hon. Chaun- cey Joslyn, his father-in-law, who sulisequently became circuit judge. For several vears Whitman was secretary of the school board at Ypsilanti. In 1876, he was elected circuit court com- missioner for Washtenaw Count}', serving two years, and, by ap- pointment, became injunction master for the county. In 1882 he was elected prosecuting attorney, being re-elected in the spring of 1884 and serving for two terms. At the state election in the spring of 1885, he was elected regent of the University of Michi- gan and filled that position for a term of eight years, commencing January i, 1886. Wdiile on the board he was a member of the executive committee and also a member of other important com- mittees. In 1887 he removed to Ann Arbor. In 1891, without warning, he was appointed by Governor W'inans railroad com- missioner for the State of Michigan, which position he held dur- ing the Governor's term of office. In 1895 he removed his law office from Ann Arlior to Detroit, but retaining his residence in Ann Arbor. In 1896 he was appointed assistant United States district attorney at Detroit, and continued in that position until something over a year after the termination of President Cleve- land's second administration. In February, 1899, he removed to his old home. Chicago, where he entered upon the practice of his profession. His office is in the First National IJank Building. He has a wide acquaintance in the city, and is enjoying a very satis- factor}- and growing practice. Whitman's eight years service upon the lioard of regents was 214' Class of '70. Uxrersitv of IMichigan. to him a labor of love, and he hopes was of value to his alma mater. The fact that he resided in Ann Arhdr. that he was per- sonally acquainted with all the memliers of the various faculties, and that as an alumnus he should know the wants of the uni- versity, g'ave his voice abided weight in the counsels of the hoard. A\ hen he became a memlier the maxinnnn salary of the professors in the literary department, however long" the service, was but $2,- 200; that of assistant professors was $1,600. and of instructors $800. It was yearly becoming- more and more impossil)le to re- tain the men who were most worth keeping. ^lany al)le men re- mained because of local attachments, or liecause of independent means, but the grade of salaries was steatlily tending to leave only deadwood upon this faculty of the university. Whitman originated a scheme, which was carried, under which ten years" service gave to full professors $3,000, and live years $2,500. and which gave a corresponding advance, but for shorter service, for assistant professors and instructors. The measure was made re- troactive in effect. It was not all he wanted, lint it was infinitely better than the old scale. During Whitman's term of office some most important departments were established, in the promotion of which he took active and influential ])art. In those days the fixed income of the university was never sufficient ; the very life of the institution depended upon special legislative appropriations. He devoted nuich time, every session, to the interests of the uni- versity at Lansing. Xo old-time student, who ever had his one-night stand at the observator}' while accjuiring a knowledge of astronomy under "Tubby's" tutelage, can fail to recall the cat-hole, the deserted old cemetery north of it. and the glorious hills and sweet valleys off toward the obsenator}'. Whitman transfigured this region. He purchased the land lying north of the old cemetery and extending to Ann street ; he caused the cemetery to be turned over to the city and to be made into a beautiful ]iark ; he caused Huron street to be extended east ; he Imilt upon his property, for his own use. a very handsome dwelling which, in after vears. he sold to the Chi Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 215 Psi fraternity; and he covered his Ijlock with utlier tine residences. Since then the door he opened has led to the improvement of the land lying" east from his and just west of the ohservatory, and now those hills are occupied by some of the most delightful residences in Ann Arl)or. In view' of the office of this sketch, it is hoped that the quota- tions which follow' may be pardoned. Their presence is due to Dawson, who assumes full responsil)ility for them. They relate to personal qualities which may not, otherwise, appear. The recent nomination l)y the Democracy of ^Michigan of Judge Durand, of Mint, for governor recalls the occasion, in a state convention at Detroit, when Whitman placed Durand in nomination for justice of the supreme court. The Detroit Free Press of I^.Iarch ist, 1893, said of this speech : "When Mr. Whit- man, of Washtenaw, made the first nominating speech he set a pace that could never have been followed save in a carefully selected Democratic convention. He has an imposing presence, a penetrating, well-modulated voice and a remarkable command of forcible English. Mis oratorical gifts are of an enviable character and when he warmed to his theme he held his hearers spell-bound and swayed their feelings in unison with his own. He is a man who would attract flattering commendation in anv assemblage, and the yell that went u]) as he sat down showed that Durand stock was strong in the convention." During Whitman's service as prosecuting attorney, the notori- ous Sophie Lyons was apprehended in the county on a charge of larceny from the person. The importance of the case arose from the fact that this woman was a professional blackmailer and the most adroit thief and female criminal operator known to the police here and abroad. Speaking of her conviction, the Detroit Free Press of Februar}- 5, 1883, editorially said: "The conviction of Sophie Lyons in the Washtenaw circuit court is an event upon which prosecuting attorney Whitman deserves to be warmly con- gratulated. It is true that he has done only his duty; l)ut he has done it under peculiarl}- tr\ing circumstances. He was not only 216 Class of "70, University of Michigan. confrontetl by able counsel, but by a ilctoiuhuit i^f siui^ular skill in tlie evasion of the criminal law and by an enormous outside in- fluence which the defendant was able to commantl. That there Avas rank perjury on the defendant's behalf no one can doubt who has followed the report of the trial : aiul it is not at all difficult to believe that the searching- investigation which is promised will reveal a good deal in the way oi bribery of witnesses as well as perjury. Against such odds the battle was a dithcult one and ^Ir. Whitman's victory is a highly creditable one." Ouring Whitman's four years' service as prosecuting" attorney he convicted every per- son he put upon trial save in two instances. Upon the aj^jioinlment oi Whitman as railroad commissioner. the Detroit Evening Xews of January 14. i8gi. said: "Charles R. Whitman, the new railroad commissioner, gets his ai")pointment as a reward for his brilliant elo(|uence in behalf of \\ inans and Democracy. While his selection was a surprise, it will be atl- mitted that the party had not an abler man autl a more ardent and faithful ser\-ant. He has been a regent of the state university for four }ears. as devoted and haril wm-kiug a member as the board has had. and to-da}- might have written M.C. after his name had he only dared face an almost hopeless fight and accepted the nomination in the second district. Whitman entered his appear- ance in '47, down in Indiana. His boyluuHl days were spent near the home of Schuyler Colfax — a worthy example for a Inulding youngster in everything but politics. sO' he says. A youth, he went to Chicago to work ott his ignorance in the public schools. He did it successfully antl in '06 was as fresh a freshman as ever asked admission to his university. Then came successively gratl- itation, seminar}- principalsbip at Yj^silanti, marriage and a law business, a few minor offices, the regenc\- and a lot of business, making him one of Ann Arbor's best and surely the handsomest." In a report of a St. Patrick's da\- banciuet. held at the au- ditorium at Detroit, on the evening of .March 17. 1806. the Detroit Evening Xews of Alarch 18, said: "l')\' the lime the Ihshop finished, the social nature of \our true Irishman bad asserted it- Diil'AKTMENT OK Ll'I KKAi UKK, SciliNCE, AND ArTS. 217 self, and the pc()])lc' at tlic tables and in tlic i;alkTifs had rcstjlved themselves into congenial groups whose conversation made any attcmj)t to follow the remarks of the other speakers futile. I'>ery- ])od\- started in tfj enjoy the occasif)n in his (jr her own way, hut there was a stilling of the tongues and an oi)ening of the ears when Hon. C"has. R. W'liitman, of Ann .\rh(jr. in the coiu'se of his res]X)nse to the toast, 'America,' launched into a manly and s])irited dentuiciation of religious intolerance. I le hrielly reviewed the rise and fall of the knounothing ])arty, and predicted a similar brief and honorless record for the A. I'. .\. When he pro])hesied that in a few \ears politicians would be seeking to conceal the fact that the\- had been A. P. A.'s, as in the '70s, they denied hav- ing been knownothings, he was heartily cheered." In i the university, cnterinj4" the class of '70. Durinj;' this year he was one (jf the editors of the Uiik'ersity Chronicle, memher of the L'niversity oss, for Chicago, and from there to Green Wax, Wis- consin, thence by boat to Kscanaba, Michigan, where he joined his brother, Xewton's, party as an adjunct of the State Geological 228 Class qf '70, University of Michigan. Survey. After four weeks' experience in the field, sleeping every night in a tent, he found himself, with the rest of his party, except the sailor of their hoat, left helpless in an uninhahited region with no visible means of returning to civilization. The sailor had stolen the hoat and sailed for unknown parts. Fortunately a party of Indians soon appeared, and by the show of a little money were induced to carry the party to Escanaba in their lu)at. ( )n returning to Ann Arbor, getting washed, shaved, and clothed, the next step in natural order was taking a wife. ( )n the second day of August, 1870, in liirmingham, .Mich., \\'inchell married A'liss Carrie E. Corson, one of his pupils at the Academy in 1864-65. A trip to ^Montreal, the (ireen Mountains, Boston, New York, Lakeville, Niagara Falls and Ann Arbor consumed what was left of vacation (and pocket money) and earl}- Septem- ber found him again at his ])ost in the .\nn .Vrhor high school. At the end of the school year his salary was increased $100; at the end of the third year another increase of $100 was given him, and at the end of the fourth year another increase of $100 was tend- ered him, but declined. In a few days he was otYered the super- intendency of schools in lA'cumseh, Mich., at an increase of salary four times as large as that which he had been offered in Ann Arbor. Ibis he accepted as offering him a tield of work less ex- acting than wliat be had been engaged in, which seemed desirable on account of the delicate condition of his health. The summer of 1873 was spent in Lakeville. where it fell to his lot to supervise the disposition of his mother's property, and pro- vide for her future home, his father ha\'ing died in June of that year. ( )n returning to Ann Arbor in August, and w bile preparing to transfer his home to Tecumseh, he was invited to the principal- ship of the Milwaukee high school, at a salary one-third higher than he was to receive in Tecumseh. Though late in the season, his release was granted and an immediate removal to Milwaukee was effected. This new position was held two years. During this period the school increased in numbers threefold and was twice civen in- Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 229 creased accommodations. But the severe and exacting duties of a principalship were again found to be endangering to health, and plans were laid for a life of greater variety and more outdoor exercise. No field offered more congenial work than that of editor and publisher ; therefore for one year he acted as associate editor and publisher of The Public School Record in Milwaukee. The next year he became sole editor and publisher, changing the name of the paper to The School Biillelin and Northzeesleni Journal of Editcalioii. At the same time he edited for one year The Christian Statesman, a weekly semi-religious paper published in the same citv. In December, 1876, he purchased six other educational monthly periodicals published in the West, consolidated them all into The Edncatiomd JJ\\'kly, and opened an office of publication in Chicago. In this new field he found congenial work, but too much of it. and after four years of successful experience he sold the paper at a fair valuation and entered upon the publication of books for teachers and schools. In order to restore his health and at the same time provide for an assured income, he entered the employ of D. Appleton & Co., of New York, as traveling repre- sentative among high schools and colleges, and editor of their Latin and Greek publications, meantime building up his own pub- lishing interests as he found opportunity. In less than one year he was placed in charge of the New England department of that house, with headquarters in Boston. In the spring of 1886, his private business in Chicago having grown to such proportions that he deemed it wise to devote his whole attention to it, he resigned his position with D. Appleton & Co. and joined with D. Lothrop & Co., of Boston, in organizing a stock company under the name of the Interstate Pulilishing Company, with headquarters in Chi- cago and a branch in Boston. For one year \\'inchell had charge of the whole business, remaining in Boston, where numerous books and periodicals were published by the company. The second year he removed to Chicago and took charge of the main office. Dur- ing' these two vears a remarkalilv large business was transacted. 230 Class of '70, Unj\'1':ksi'i\' (jI' jMichican. Abdiit five liundrcd noIuhr'S were hroii^lil (Hil. either fnun eii- tirel) ]iew philes or as revisions of works ])reviousl_\' published by I). Lotliro]) (K: Co. Also three monthly ])eriodieals were es- tablished, ealled The / iilcrslalc Readers — (iraiiiniar School, liitcr- mediale and /'riiiuiry. These jieriodicals reached an ag'iiret^ate cirenlation of 30,000 co])ies within twn _\ears. At the end of two Nears W inehell snddenh' aw'ain invited him to enter tlu'i]- t'uiplow and he con- sented. After a year in their service Iw was surprised b\ an in- vitation to the chair of J.atin in llu' Cniversit\ of Illinois. I lis health beiuL'; now full\- ri'stored, and tlu' allurements of the uni- versity i)osition beini; \erv strong', he acct'pted the ])rofessorsliii> and removed at once to ( hampai^n. I lis work tOr the .American ])Ook C()mpan\- tt'rminated one Satm"da\' nii^^ht, and the foUowini;" Monday he was at his ])osf in tlu' uni\ersit\, feelini^ somewhat apprehensive of faihu-e, as he had not been teachino- for fifteen years, an' a home in r^vanston, he a^ain took u]) his ])erambulations among- high schools and colleges, and for nearl\- two \ears enjoNcd the reconi- Department of Liti:ratl're, Science, and Arts. 231 pcnse of salary promised, l)nt waited in vain for the most con- _q;enial work. At last it became evident that a mistake had been made, and that the position was an ideal one rather than a real one, and ])\- mutual agreement the relations were again dissolved. This was in ( )ctol)er, i^(.)2. The whole country, and especially Chicago, was preparing for the World's Fair in 1893. No work could he undertaken successfully which did not recognize this fact. Xo permanent connections could l)e made with any ])usiness house until after the first of November, 1893, and the apparent hckleness of Winchell's past career precluded the idea of his seek- ing- a new professional position. An interval of one }ear must therefore be provided for, and it was decided to follow the throng and to make a living in some way out oi the World's Fair. The easiest and most congenial way seemed to he to open a large hotel or rooming- house and rent rooms by the day to World's Fair visitors. .Vrrangements were therefore made to use a large block of flats just ])eing constructed, containing 138 rooms. \\y judicious management, this venture was made a success, though one in a thousand, as is well known. During this year the beginning was also made of a ])ermanent business along the lines of a Teachers' iVgency and Lecture r.ureau, so that after the close of "The Win- chelsea," which his hotel or rooming house was called, Winchell devoted his whole time and energies for a year to his new l)usi- ness. Hut in .September, 1894, not realizing sufficient income for a comfortable support of his family, he opened The Winchell Academy at his home in Fvanston, which he conducted for three years, until he could safely trust himself again to his Agency and Lecture llureau. During this period, as also during other such trying periods in his career, his ever-faithful and competent wife took hold of the business with him and thus enabled him to sus- tain what would otherwise have proven an unorofitable business. This business has now developed until it has ])ecome necessary to divide it into two distinct departments, each of which is con- ducted independent! \- of the other, and ]M-omises to l)ecome a profitable l)usiness in itself. Mrs. Winchell devotes her whole 232 Class of '70, University of Michigan. time to the teacliers' as^-ency. which is known as The Educational Register, while Mr. W'inchell manages 1'he Wincheh Lecture and Entertainment Bureau, llcjth are in good heahh and are working hard, anticipating yet the rewards which for most of a hfetime have been delayed. Since establishing his present business, A\'inchell has edited and pul)lishc(l l\\n-Jicr and Student, a monthly periodical, for three years, then merged ii into I'Jic Chicago Teacher, which he continued to edit for one year. He also established JVincheU's Quarterly, and after three years changed its name to Tlie Rostrum, which he contiiuics to publish. While ])rincipal of the IMilwaukee high school, he wrote A Latin Prose Coml^osiiion, which was pul)lished l)y E. H. Butter & Co., of Philadelphia. While with D. Appleton & Co., that firm published for him a Greek Prose Composition, entitled Elementary Lessons in (ireek Syntax. Other liooks written and ])ublished by him are entitled Primary Pridays No. I. Primary p'ridays i\o. 2, Primary Pndays No. ?, Intermediate Pridays, Grammar School Pridays, Primary School Songs Xo. i. Primary School Songs No. 2, Intermediate School Songs, (i rani mar School Songs, Piterstate Primer Supplement, and Orthography, Orthoepy, and Punctua- tion, the last named ai)|)earing in 1901. He is just completing a manuscript which will be entitled irincheU's Cradatim. It is in- tended as a first bdok in Latin, or an introduction to the reading of Caesar. Airs. A\ inchell has also done considerable work of a literary kind. While living in lUjston she \vas editor of Common School Education for two }ears. Previous to that she edited The Prac- tical Teacher for two years, and later wrote as a regular contrib- utor to Intelligence, The A'ornial Instructor, and other teachers' journals. She was herself a teacher before marriage, in Clark- ston, Mich., and in Bay City. Her education was obtained at Albion College, and one year she was president of the Albion College Alumni .Association in Chicago. Mr. Winchell has three children living, Harlev Corson, born Df.I'ARTMENT of LlTKKATUKK, SCIKN CK, AND ArTS. 233 Aug-. 13. 1871 ; Calphnrnia Alaia, l)orn May i6, 1874; and Julia Alexandrina, born Dec. 31, 1879. Roberta Carissima was l)orn Sept. 26, 1888, and (bed Jan. 23, 1895. Harley Corson was one of tbe "class boys." He attended the University of Illinois and the Northwestern University, but abandoned study for l)usiness before graduation. Jle is now en- gaged in business near bis father in Chicago, as manager of the Educational Register Company, originally a department of his father's business, which is devoted to the supplying of skilled em- ployees to tbe leading firms of Chicago. Cal])hurnia Maia is the wife of Webster J. Stel)l)ins, principal of tlie bigb school in Wau- Icegan, Illinois. Julia is a student at tbe Cumnock School of Oratory, of Northwestern I'niversity, and lives with ber ])arents in Evanston. She has studied with some of the leading teachers of music in Chicago, and has acquired considerable reputation as a soprano singer. In personal appearance Winchell has changed but little, l)eing still slender and quick in moveiuent. He applies himself closely to bis business, never having taken a vacation, and usually work- ing until late at night. His weight has varied very little from 145 pounds, and bis bealth. wbile never very good, was never better than now. Some things wbich bave left an impression on Wincbell's mind since leaving college : 1. The narrow balls and narrower stairways in the old south building, where Greek met Greek when classes changed. 2. Tbe uniform kindness and courtesy of Tutor Allen J. Curtis, in the class room as well as out of it. 3. The thoroughness and clearness of the instruction given hy Professor Olney in matbematics. 4. The ease witb wbich classes could pass tbrougb a recitation Avitb Tutor Spence. 5. The good jolly times had ])y the D. K. E.'s in tbeir society hall Saturday ni^iits. 234 Class of "70, University of Michigan. 6. The fun we all had when we went around serenading our instructors and playing pranks at the close of the college vear. 7. Singing with the University Glee Cluh, or as it was then generally called, the Glee Club. 8. Preparing his junior oration and practicing on its deliverv. 9. Going from his last recitation of the day to work at manual labor while the rest of his class went to the ball ground near the medical college for an hour of fun. 10. Going down to Dr. Chase's printing estal)lishment Satur- day mornings to help mail the riik-crsify Chronicle. 11. Sitting in the old chapel and hearing Professor Watson repeat astronomical formulae, and seeing him work out the most difficult ]M-oblems on the blackboard, which involved more mathe- matical knowledge than we could think of without having a head- ache. 12. That class rush which began as we came out of chapel in the law 1)uilding and ended on the campus outside, when more than one of the faculty got roughly handled for interfering. 13. The lectures given l)efore the Students' Lecture Associa- tion by such persons as Wendell Phillips, George William Curtis, Theodore Tilton. J. G. Holland. John G. Saxe, Frederick Doug- lass, E. P. \\diipple. Anna E. Dickinson. Horace Greeley. 14. The Sunday afternoon lectures given by Dr. Cocker in the law lecture room. 15. Sitting around on the campus in front of the law build- ing in ]\Iay and June of 1870 carving our names on our classmates'' canes. Mr. ^^'inchel^s present address is 160 Washington street, Chicairo. ^ > 236 Class of '70, University of Michigan. Charles Gordon Wing, Ph.B., LL,B. Ludingfton, Mich. Born January2i,i846. Resided at P^ranklinville, Cattaraugus County. Xew York. Attended school at Rushford and Alfred Center. Served in the navy dur- ing the last two years of the war. After graduating taught school at .Manchester, Mich. Graduated at Ann Arhor in the law department in 1S73. Was married in that }ear to Jennie S. Poole, of Sharon, Mich. Came to Ludington in April, 1873. by appointment pro- cured by C. M. Wells, as inspector of harl)or improvements. Opened a law office late in 1873 and has been in practice since. \\'as ap- pointed judge of probate to fill a vacancy in 1875 and by election served until 1887. Was managing- owner of the water works from 1889 to 1900, when they passed by sale to the city. Has been president of the Business Men's Association, of the County Agricultural Society and is now president of the Ludington State Bank, the leading financial institution of the county. He cleared up a farm of 200 acres near Ludington, which has been his resi- dence for 20 vears. He has seven children. Rev. Thomas Wylie, A.B. Died at Martin, Mich, April 3, J 877. He was boni at Martin, Mich., Dec. 25, 1847. His father, David Wylie, was a farmer and Thomas passed his childhood and \'outh assisting as he could in the rural pursuits of his parents. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 237 His preparatory studies were pursued at Martin and at Kalama- zoo. He passed his freshman year at Kalamazoo College, and the first seven weeks of his sophomore }ear at Monmouth, 111., enter- ing the L^niversity of Michigan as sophomore in the year of '67. He was a member of the Alpha Nu literary society. He taught, as principal, in the union school at Schoolcraft, Mich., the year "70-71 ; entered the United Presbyterian Theological Seminary, at Newburgh, X. Y.. in September, "71 ; spent the sum- mer vacation of '']2, at his home, at Martin, Mich. ; preached some during the summer at Otsego and Allegan. He returned to the seminary at Newburgh in the fall of ''/2; spent the summer vaca- tion of 'yt)^ in Newburgh, devoting his time to the study of Hebrew and Theology, and completed his theological course in the spring of '74. He preached during the summer in the west of Iowa, and other states. In the autumn of '74, he was called to the pastorate of the United Presbyterian Church at West Hebron, Washington Co., N. Y. There was a membership of between 300 and 400, which, with the congregation, were scattered widely among the hills and valleys of that rugged old county. This rendered his pastoral duties severe, especially in the cold of winter. He was married August 3d, '75, to Miss Mary E. Lendrum, of Newburgh, and with her visited at Martin, imtil the end of August : then returned to his work. He continued in steady good health almost from his childhood till the month of February, "76. During that month, or the one preceding, while returning in a cold rain storm, several miles, from an evening temperance meeting, he became chilled and took a severe cold which settled on his lungs, and could not be shaken off. He was obliged in April to give up his work and rest, hoping to recover in a few weeks. His symptoms soon gave indications of incipient pulmonary consumption, and grew gradually more marked. In May, '76, he returned to his old home at Martin, to see if a change of air and scenery would benefit him. His wife joined him in July. From the time he first came home till his death, that relentless disease made slow but sure progress, sometimes re- 228 Class of '70, University of Michigan. laxing- apparently, but only to take a surer hold. He was confined to his bed during the latter part of the winter, grew weaker by degrees and finally died at Martin, in the home where he was bom. April 3d, 1877. He left no children. He was thoroughly in earnest and devoted to his work. No sermon did he attempt to preach without the most careful prepara- tion, and every duty was conscientiously performed. It is almost like an inspiration to remember his earnestness. His sermons were wonderfully eloquent and beautiful and, like his life, filled full of simple trust and piety. His short work in the ministry must have done g"ood. His trust in his Saviour seemed to grow more perfect as his body grew weaker. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 239 Lucius Burrie Swift, Ph.M. Indianapolis, Ind. A short sketch of Mr. Swift appears on page 183 which was printed Ijefore his photograph was obtained. Some additional facts concerning his Hfe are here presented. Swift had six great- nncles in Washington's arniv and his grandfather, Jal^ez Aber, was wounded at h'ort Erie in the war of 1 81 2. He enHsted in the Federal army in April, 1861, in the 28th N. Y. Vol. Inf., but the mustering officer rejected him as ])eing only 16 years old. He re- mained at home a couple of months and then borrowed money of a neighbor and paid his way to the regiment in Maryland and was there mustered in as 18 years old and served the remainder of two years with that regi- ment. In 1864, when 20 years old he was offered a commission as captain of infantry, but refused it and re-enlisted in the ist N. Y. light artillery in which he served to the end of the war. Swift has devoted much time and great effort in advocacy of reform in the civil service. He supported Cleveland in his first campaign for the presidency. During the four years of his first administration Swift carried on a losing fight for the maintenance and spread of the merit system against the Voorheis-Hendricks in- fluence ; but the latter prevailed with Cleveland. In the next presi- dential campaign he vigorously opposed Cleveland on the stump and threw his influence in favor of the election of Harrison. He edited and published the Civil Service Chronicle for eight years, all the time without pay. He found it necessary to criticise the Harrison administration for failure to keep promises relating to 240 Class of 'yo, University of Michigan. the merit system and tlie contest I'liially l)eeame extremely Ijitter. On this account in i8(j2 Swift stumped the state at;ainst Harri- son and lielped to carry the state for Clevehmd. In the meantime the merit system had everywhere made i^'reat proo-ress especially so after Theodore Roosevelt hecame Civil Ser- vice Commissioner. During- his second term ( 'leveland made sweeping additions to the classitied service, hut he hrst hlled the places transferred with Ins partisans, while Swift maintained tliat the places slioidd have heen vacated and then filled mider the merit system. This action of Cleveland's ])tit a great and un- necessary strain tipon the law and was an excuse for tricking the law when the Repuhlicans again returned to office. In 1896 Swift took the stump against liryan almost immediate- ly after his nomination and continued making speeches until elec- tion day, making sometimes three speeches a da_\' entirelv tipon financial (juestions. lie gave notice that with the defeat of Br)''an the publication of the Civil Service Chronicle would cease, the battle of the merit system having lieen won. A constanth" increas- ing law ])ractice made this uecessarv. lie has delivered many addresses before colleges and associa- tions relating chielly to the im]>rovement of the public service, lie rides a bicycle, pla)s golf and dances. lb- is i)articidarly proud of ]ta\ing bi'cu a soldier in the civil war, of having helped to establish the merit system, and of ha\ing helped to beat Uryau. ITe did not regard McKinley favorably, but lie stands b\- Roose- velt through thick and thin. Non-Graduate Members. Following ail' hioiiiapliiial sketches, so far as ohtaiiiahle, of tlie memheis of the class of '70, wlio were not graduated witli the chiss, hut some of whotii suli- sequently received their degrees from the University of Michigan or other Institu- tions of learnintr. George Washington Allyn, A.M., M.D. Pittsburgh, Pa. I k' was horn in riymoulh, Micliii^an, on Xovcnihcr 28th, I.S45. Ills fatluT, I loracc, was horn in ( onni'clirnt and luul the st'Iioolin^' a Horded hv a New l''.n.L;land lown of that daw The Allyn anrcstors canu' from Lon- don to Salrni, Mass., in \()^](), hut lool< U]) lands nndcr ro\-al ^rant in Now London, in 1652. cstab- lishino- ilir lionK' at what liecame Allyn's I'oint, ri^ht miles ahove. Up to the death of his father, in iSC)i, his yonlh had \)vvu nnevent- Inl, tinu' heini^- spent in >,eho<)L he enlisted as fifer, and thoui;ii lie could play the White Cockade and Bonaparte Crossing the Alps, he was counted out from heino- under age. ddiouo-h refused mus- ter, he followed the reginunt to Washington and entered govern- ment employ. With these savings he entered upon preparation for college at Ypsilanti, Mich., under that remarkahle teacher. Prof. Estahrook. In August, iefore becoming estab- lished in medicine a good position as professor of natural science in the high school at Pittsburg was oifered. Six years were spent in this position. Dttring this time he also engaged in gen- eral practice and lectured on materia medica and liotany in the Pittsburg College of Pharmacy. He was married to Miss Jessie Smith, of Xorthville, Michi- gan, in 1879. His wife died two years later of pulmonary trouble. In 1883 Mr. AUyn married Aliss h^annie Forse, of Pittsburg, his present wife. No children. In 1884 he left the high school and teaching, and associated himself with Dr. J. A. Lippincott, then well established in the Dei'.\rt:ment of Literature, Science, and Arts. 243 special practice of the eye and ear. In 1889. accompanied bv his wife, he went to lierlin and London for stiulv, and np(_;n his return he opened offices alone and has continued in prosperity and qood health ever since. He has a fine home in the best part of the city, h'or several }ears he has been secretary and prac- tical manai^er of the Academy of Science and Art of Pittsburg, and is now its president. He is a member of the Ophthalmological Society of the L^nited States, together with membership in the national, state, and county medical societies. ]\Ir. Allyn is a member of the Duquesne Club, where, he says, he wotild be more than pleased to lunch with any memljer of i-.he famous class of '70. passing through his city. Frequent meetings of Dr. Allyn and Dr. T. C. Christy in Pittsburg have constantly kept the memories of '70 vividly before their minds. Dr. Allyn is a mem1>er of the Sons of the i\merican Revolu- tion and a member, though not very active, in the G. A. R. Two years ago he sj^ent a summer in England, preparing an illustrated lecture on "The Gothic Cathedrals in England" from original photographs. This lecture has been given many times in and about Pittsburg, and has received high encomiums from the press. Dr. Allyn says : "Though an utlander, I am happy to be numbered with those who entered the imiversity as the class of >•" His Post Office address is 515 Penn Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. Albion Alexander Andrews, B.S., M.D. Fargfo, N. Dak. He entered the University of ^lichigan from Perry, X. Y., in 1866, with the class of "70. Was vice-president of the class the first year. In 1868 he entered Cornell University and was gradu- ated P). S. from that institution in 1870. Later he entered the medical department of the L'niversity of Michigan and received the degree of ^L D. in 1877. He married Miss Ada J. Plealey, a 244- Class of 70, University of Michigan. classmate, who was graduated with him frum the medical de- partment of the university. He has practicetl medicine succcss- ftiUv for twenty }ears. He owns a sixteen hundred acre wheat and stock ranch twelve miles from Fargo. He has two hoys, hoth in the high school, and expects to send them to the Leland Stan- ford University. Says he often thinks of the old hoys and old times and hopes that he may have the pleasure of meeting them aeain. Abner Lewis Andrews. Died at Hot Springs, Cal, May 4, J 873. He entered the I'niversity of Michigan from ( )tishel(I, Me., in 1866. with the class of '70, remaining until 18(18. lie joined the Literary Adelphi. Sherman Sanford Avery, B.S. Died at Forest ville, N.Y., July 9, 1579. Was horn in 1850 at I'^orestville, X. '^'. He entered the Uni- versity of ^lichigan in the fall of 1867 and was with the class of '70 for one vear. became a memher df the Zeta Psi college fra- ternity and of the Alpha Xu literary society; was one of the speakers at the second Sophomore exhihition. In 1868 he went to Cornell I'niversity. from which he was graduated in 1870, re- ceiving the degree of li.S. Suhsequently he studied law and was admitted to practice in 1872. He was engaged in oil Inisiness from 1871 to 1874. He then took the position of cashier of the Argyle Savings Bank for two years. In 1875 he hecamc con- fidential legal adviser of the firm of H. L. Taylor & Co., dealers in oil properties, until his death in 1879. He married Mary A. Swift, of iM^restville. N. Y., June 23^ 1873. •^'""^^ ^^^t one son and three daughters. Departmext of Literatlke, Science, and Arts. 245 Albert Everton Baldwin, C.E. Newton, Kan. He entered tlie L'niversity of [Micbi^^an from AJjini^-ton, 111., in September, J.S66. witb tbe elass f)f '70, and continued for two 3'ears. He subsequently continued bis studies and was gradu- ated with the class of '71. Jacob Beller. Died at Los Angfeles, Cal., December 10, t875. He entered tbe L'niversity of IMicbigan from Detroit in the fall of 1866, witb tbe class of 70, but remained only two years. Was a memljer (jf tbe i'hilrjzetian debating club. He left college to go to Europe for study. Later be went to California and died, of consumption, at the home of his classmate, James H. Blancbard, in Los Angeles. Henry Graves Bennett. Pasadena, Cal. He was born at Ann Arbor, Alicbigan, Sept. 6tb. 1847. His first school days were spent at a ])rivate school, entering from wbicb into the public schools, passing through successfully all the departments and graduating fruni the high school in June, 1866. In tbe autumn of that }ear be entered the University of Michigan with the class of '70. In consequence of failing health and acting in accordance with tlie ad- vice of his family physician and friends, be left college at the close of the first semester. On recovering his health somewhat, he entered the employ of tbe First Xational I'.ank of Ann Arbor 246 Class of '70, University of Michigan. and the Ann Arbor Savings Bank, remaining with these two institutions four years and gaining vahial)le experience. The sedentary Hfe and too close apphcation to Inisiness compelled him to seek an out-of-door life. After traveling a few years in Ohio, Pennsylvania and Delaware and finding neither business nor climate satisfactory, he determined to seek health and fortune in southern California. Leaving Ann Arbor C)ctober 9th, 1873. he arrived in Los Angeles October 2t,c\. Los Angeles was then a little city of six or seven thousand people. At this time a nuiuber of Lidiana people were tr}ing to organize a colony in order to purchase a large tract of land near Los Angeles, on which the members could establish homes and engage in fruit farming. He became interested in the enterprise and was one of the first members of the San Gal^riel Orange Grove Association. They organized in November, 1873. and in the spring of 1874, a few of them broke ground, l)uilt small houses and l)egan the planting of orchards and vineyards. Bennett had the pleasure of planting some of the first trees and vines and building the fourth house in the settle- ment. Soon after the organization of the colony, their first water company was formed, and in 1878 he was appointed secretary, a position he still holds. January ist, 1885, the Pasadena Iiank was incorporated and on May ist, 1886, was merged into the b^irst National Bank, of which Mr. Bennett has been a director from the beginning. He was a member of the first board of education in Pasadena ; also held for several years the position of deputy county assessor for the Pasadena district. Was married ( )ctober 5th, 1887, to the daughter of Dr. J. H. Lillie. of Los Angeles, and is now living at his home, 217 South Orange Grove Avenue, Pasadena, California. He sa}s that it has been his good fortune to see their colony grow and expand into a beautiful city of 12.000 inhabitants, noted for their intelligence, culture and wealth and having the pleasure of enjoying a climate, the loveliness of which they believe is not ecjualled by any other pcirtion of the l^iited States. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 247 Darius Fremont Boughton^ M.D. Chicago^ III. He entered the literary department of the L^niversitv of Miehi- g-an from West Xovi, Alich., in the fall of 1866 with the elass of '70, and remained two years. He then changed to the medical de]:)artmenl, from which he was graduated in 1870. He is prac- ticing medicine at t,27, West Madison Street, Chicago, 111. Charles Andrew Bowman. Peoria, III. He was horn in Monroe, .Alich.. April 9, 1846. His father and mother with the children, Charles A., George A., and Por- tia E., went at an early day to live at ( )ntonagon, Mich., hut in i860 moved to Peoria, 111. Charles A. prepared for college at Peoria high school and entered the Uni- \ersity of Michigan in the fall of 1866 with the class of '70. After completing the course of study of the freshman year he concluded to drop the regular course and take up selected studies and finish in two years. During his second year he took a course in chemistry and pharmacy, with lahoratory work, receiving a diploma. On returm'ng to Peoria he entered the flrug store of B. F. Allies with whom he remained one }'ear, and then opened a drug store of his own. Has continued in the same husiness up to the present time. He never married. 248 Class of '70, University of Michigan. James Dewey Burr, C.E. Died at Topeka, Kan., May 5th, J 886. Was born in Allen, Allegany County, New York, Augnst 31st, 1843. His mother died when he was nine years old and at the age of twelve he and his sister went to live with an aunt in Michi- gan. At the age of seventeen he enlisted in the 4th Michigan Infantry and served his country faithfully for three years. The exposure incident to a soldier's life laid the foundation of ill health and was the cause ultimately of his death. In 1866 he entered the University of INIichigan and was a classmate of A. A. Robinson, Geo. B. Lake and T. J. Seely and between these four a friendship was then formed which truly existed unto death. Messrs. Robinson, Lake and Seely were graduated in 1869, but Mr. Burr not until 1871, as he was obliged to break in upon his studies in order to earn the necessary means to complete his col- legiate course. During 1868-9, ^^^ ^^'^^ with the class of '70. He was a member of the Alpha Nu literary society. In 1868 j\Ir. Burr was employed for a short time as a rodman on the Jackson, Lansing and Saginaw R. R., and in the autumn of 1869 he recived from Mr. W. B. Sears, the able chief engineer of the Flint and Pere ]\Iarquette R. R., the appointment as leveller on that road. At that time the Flint and Pere Marquette R. R. was constructed from East Saginaw to Averill, a distance of thirty-five miles. The proposed extension to Ludington — about 110 miles — was through a heavy wooded covmtry and across the dividing ridges between the Saginaw and ^luskegon Ri\'ers on the east and the Muskegon and jMarquette Rivers on the west. The country was very sparsely settled. There were no public roads, so all provisions, camp fixtures, etc.. had to be borne on the liacks of men. Into this uninviting field of labor Mr. Burr was sent with a small party to discover the lowest gaps in the ridges or divides, the approaches thereto, to note the general char- acteristics of the country — in fact to gather the information neces- sary for the guidance of future operations. So successfully did Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 249 he perform these (Uities that he was placed in charg-e of a full party on location and soon advanced to the responsihle position of first assistant engineer. Leaving the Flint and Pere ]\Iarqiiette R. R., he entered the service of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe R. R. Co. and took an active part in the final location from Dodge City to the west- ern boundary of the State of Kansas. L'pon the completion of location, ]\Ir. Burr passed to the Cincinnati Southern R. R.. where he was engaged first as resident engineer with headcjuarters at Danville, Kentucky, in charge of a very difficvilt piece of work. After its successful completion he was assigned to another sec- tion, with headquarters at Smith's Cross Roads in Tennessee. There he remained until 1875, '^vhen he resigned to accept the position of superintendent of bridges and buildings on the Atchi- son, Topeka and Santa Fe with headquarters at Topeka. He was selected as one of the assistants engaged upon the Iriangulation and other preliminary examinations for the cele- brated high bridge over the Kentucky River. This is one of the evidences of the high estimate of his professional abilities enter- tained by the Cincinnati Southern people. The duties of superintendent of bridges and buildings Mr. Burr performed in a manner acceptable to the company and with -credit to himself, yet he was anxious to return to the more con- genial duties of construction, and j\Ir. Robinson, the chief en- gineer, was desirous of having his valuable service. June 6th, 1878, circular No. 9 was issued, announcing Mr. Burr's transfer to the engineering department, surveys and constructions. He at once went west to Trinidad, Colorado, where he established his office as Mr. Robinson's chief assistant in charge of construc- tion across the Raton IMountain in New Mexico to Las Vegas. When the road reached Las A^egas, early in July, 1879. ]\Ir. Burr look charge of a large party, his field of operation being the Rio Grande Valley and beyond, and for almost a year he v;as en- gaged upon surveys and locations. In 1880 Mr. I'urr resigned in order to engage in business with 250 Class of ''jo, University of Michigan. 1». L.antrv, of Stroni; City, Kansas, as contractor of masonry, the name of the firm I)ein^- Lantr}' and llurr. l"he firm was exceed- ingly successful and did a great deal of work n(jt onl\- on the main line of the A., T. (K: S. F. R. R., hut on all the leased and lateral lines. The ])artnershi]) continued for almost f(jur vears. Mr. llurr was one of the incorporators of the hirst National Hank of Topeka, in 1881, and until his death served continuously as one of the directors. P'rom Xovem!)er, '82, to January, '84, he filled the high and responsihle position of ])resident. I-'ailing health then ohliged, him to resign. lie then ])urchased a farm in the vicinity of Topeka with the intention of devoting himself to- the raising of fine and hUjoded stock: hut death j)revented the consummation of his ])lans. In 1885, Mr. Ihu'r hegan to rapidly grow weaker. He passed a portion of the hjllowing wintrr at a health resort in .\ew York state, hut without deriving the l)enetit expected. Jn the spring he returned to 1"o])eka and ahout mid- night of .\Ia\- 5th, 1886, his spirit i)asse(l away. ( )ne more victim of that dread destroyer, consum])tion. Mr. r.urr's life was indeed a useful one. lie devoted liimself with energ}- and industry not onl\- to his chosen profession, hut to all of his husiness tmdertakings. lie was a man of u!i(|ues- tionahle integrity, faithful in every trust and sincere in his friend- shi])s and attachments. I le was a close and attentive student and a writer whose ccjmmunications to the American Societv ol Civil Engineers (of which society he was a memher), and to \arious engineering journals, while not freipient, yet always hore unmis- takahle evidence of study and thorough ac(juaintance with the suhject discussed. His memory will always he fondly treasured hy his many friends and husiness associates. (Jctoher 16th, 1877, Mr. Uurr was married to Miss Jennie Van Meet at White Pigeon, Michigan. ( )ne child, a son, Alhert Rohinson llurr, was !)orn t(j them, hut died in the January follow- ing the death of his father. DKl'AKTMKN'r ()!• LlllCKATURli, SciENCE, AND ArTS. 25 L Delos Allen Chappell. Denver, Col. 1 lie suljjcct of this skctcli was I)(ini A])ril _'<)tli, 1846. on a farm in tlic town of Williamson, Wayne (Onnty. New N'ork, where he re- siilnl with his parents nntil the snnimer of 1S52. when the family nio\eil to Aliehi^an, locating" on a farm six miles north of Kalama- At tile a.^e of fifteen he entered tlu' ])i-e])arator\' department of ( llivet (,'olleL;'e, remainini^' there I'linr years, and then went to Shnrlleft I'olle^e in I'pper Alton, 111., entering- the freshman elass. In the fall of 1867 he went to .\nn Arhor and, sneeessfnlly passin.i;- the examinations, was admitted to the I'niversity of Miehii^an in tlie sophomore elass of '70, in the seientihe depart- ment, fnlly intending- to complete the course; hnt in the snnimer of the followiiiii^ }ear, his father meeting;- with an accident which incapacitated him for active manat^ement of the farm, n.iade it necessary for him to ahandon the collet;'e course and take his father's ])lace. This was a i^reat disa])])ointment at the time, and is ]jrol^ahly resj)onsil)le for the change from what had he en in- tended as a ])rofessional life to an active and successful husiness career. At eoUet^e he joined the Kappa I'hi Lamhda fraternity. Mr. Cha])])ell continued in the management of the farm until the winter of 1872, when, owiui^ to the hij^h price of land, the low price of farm products and hit^h rate of interest prevailino- at that time, it was deemed hy him ad\isal)le to make a chant^e. The farm was too larme to sell readily and was exchans^ed for a smaller one, and this in turn for another of less acreage ; and in 252 Class of 'yo, University of Michigan. each exchange a first mortgage was taken to secure payment of the difference in vahie, until finally mortgages were held on four farms, all bearing ten per cent, interest. In 1873 ]\Ir. Chappell assisted in the construction of a water supply system for the city of East Saginaw, jNJichigan, and in 1874 went to Chicago and opened an office as an engineer and contractor for the construc- tion of waterworks. He maintained the Chicago' office until 1883, during which time he constructed 22 different works, among the most prominent being those at Evanston, Charleston, Eilchfield and Lake View in Illinois; ]\Iuskegon. Mich.. Michigan City, Ind., Racine and Madison, Wis., Taunton, Mass., Pawtucket, R. I,, Bethel and Wolcottville, Conn. In 1879 he built, as a private investment, a system of waterworks for the supply of Trinidad, Colo. \\\ connection with this plant and for the sake of utilizing surplus power, he established a stone saw mill and lathes for turning grindstones. He acquired, in 1882, an interest in a coal property which was consolidated with the stone sawing works and incorporated under the name of "The Consolidated Coal & Stone Company." In 1883 he purchased all of the stock of the consolidated company and abandoned his Chicago office, devoting his entire time to the Colorado interests. In this year he also purchased something over one-fourth of the capital stock of The I'irst National Bank of Trinidad, and was elected director and vice-president, which interest and position he still holds. 1lie coal mines of the consolidated company were operated profitably until 1886, when the city of Trinidad refusing to ex- tend the right to maintain its tracks on certain streets and alleys in the cit\-, the coal jM-opcrty was leased to the Colorado Coal & Iron Company on a royalty of ten cents per ton and minimum output of 300 tons per day. Being relieved of the care of this ]:)roperty, in the summer of 1887, he purchaserl a controlling in- terest in a tract of 7,000 acres of tmdeveloped coal land, and pro- ceeded to the construction of necessary railroad tracks and equip- ment, and, before it was ready to operate, leased it also to the Colorado Coal & Iron Compau}', on a royalty of ten cents per ton Dl-ZPAKT-MENT OF LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ArTS. 253 and minimum output of 1,000 tons per day. In 1888 lie pur- chased another large coal property and organized what is now known as The A ictor Fuel Company. This company has heen consolidated with several smaller coal and coke companies until it now has over 2,000 men employed and a daily output ot 4,000 tons of coal and 350 tons of coke. 'Sir. Chappell has been and still is president and manager of the company. In 1897 the city of Trinidad purchased the waterworks, and in the spring of 1898, ]\Ir. Chappell, with his wife and two chil- dren, moved to Denver and at the same time transferred the gen- eral offices of The \'ictor Fuel Company to that city. In addi- tion to the several enterprises above mentioned, Mr. Chappell is director and vice-president of The Wichita A^alley Railway Com- pany ; president of The Union Accident Insurance Company, and vice-president of the Capital National Bank of the City of Denver. Varnum Barstow Cochran, M.A. Died at Marquette, Mich., May 9th, 1896. Was born in Argentine Town- ship, Genesse Co., Mich., Dec. 5th, 1844. Reared on his parents' farm, ( John R. and Alary Eliza- beth, whose maiden name was b letcher ) and received from them habits of industry, and literary tastes. His mother wrote both prose and poetry and contributed to periodicals of the day. He be- gan teaching school at the age of 15, teaching winters and helping his father on the farm summers. He went tO' Marquette, Mich., when he was 19 >'ears old, and taught a summer school at that place. "V. B.," as he was famil- iarly called in later life, began his school life at Linden, Mich., 254 Class of '70, University of Michigan. which he al\va}'s cahed his home, as that portion of Ar<4'entine was set off into the school district of Linden, it l^'in^; caily a mile and a half from the villa.q'e. He next went to school at henton. Mich., and from there he went to the high school at Ann Arhor. paying his wa}- by services rendered. Here he pre- pared himself to enter the L'niversity of Michigan in the class of '70. Was in the nniversity two years. The second year he was able to take up some of the stndies of the junior year. He was chairman of the first formal meeting of the class of '70 at which class organization was perfected. His ambiticm to gain the coveted di])loma in the shortest space of time caused his health to fail. .\t this time he received a telegram from the school director at }^larquette, Mich., to go there and complete the school given up by the teacher. Dr. A. 1>. 1 'aimer, of Ann Arbor, ad- vised him to acce]:)t the offer, which he did. He bade good bye to the intimate friendshij) of classmates and professors. He taitght several terms in the Marquette schools. He was called to the superintendency of the Xegaunee schools and while there he was appointed, bv ( iovernor Jerome, superintendent of public instruction, to fill the vacancy caused l)y the resignation of Hon. C. A. Gower. This term was followed b}' his election to the of^ce of superintendent of public instruction by an overwhelm- ing majorit\'. He was also api)ointed by the ( iovernor on char- ities and corrections for Marquette Cotnit}-, December i, 1882, and was a memljer of the Board of .\orthern .\s_\-lum at Traverse City. Mr. C"ochran was honored 1)\- the L'niversity of Michigan, President Angell conferring upon him the degree of Master of Arts, which he prized above all other gifts. Mr. Cochran re- signed the superintendency of i)ublic instruction to accept the office of Register of the Land Office at Man(uettc, Mich., under President Arthur's administration. Circumstances seemed to force 3*lr. Cochran into the busy pursuits of business rather than DliPARTiMENT OF LITERATURE. SCIENCE, AND ArTS. 255 into his chosen profession of the law, which lie had cherished from liis youth up. Air. Cocliran traveled a ijood deal, visitini;- luiropc and nearly all ]>arts of the L^nited States. His last trip was to refrain his health, i^'oino- to southern California durin^- the winter of 1895, returniui:;- to Marquette to die of ih-iglit's Dis- ease, on May 9, 1896, aged 52. He died in the house where he had lived for 27 years. He was never married. He was a man of ])ersonal magnetic ]>ower and drew around his bachelor home friends who were life-long in their love and respect for his amial)le and upright character, the soul of honor. In his large Ijusiness interest, he always found time to give his sym])ath\- to those in affliction and help of every description to those who sought his advice and aid. Mr. Cochran was followed to the cemeterv at Alanpiette by the largest concourse of people, cjf all classes, that had ever collected in Marquette County up to the date of his death. His l)rother. Dr. Clarence \\ Cochran, of West branch, Mich., is the only sur\iving member of the family. He entered the University of Michigan with the class of '71. but remained only ■one year. He sul)sec|uently was graduated from I'.ellevue A/Ied- ical College, Xew York City. His l)rother, George E. Cochran, was graduated with '72, University of Michigan. Died at Kala- mazoo, Mich., in 1880. His brother, John Cochran, died at Ltiverne, Minn., 1880. Jfjhn and George were lawyers. 256 Class of '70, University of Michigan. Edward Everett Darrow* Chicago, III. He was born at Meadville, Pa., October 28tb, 1846. Three or four years thereafter the fam- ily removed to Cleveland, Ohio,, and thence, about 1853, to Kins- man, Ohio. \\'hich, from then on, became their settled home. Much (if his earliest study, es- pecially in languages, was done at home under his father's supervis- ion. From September, 1862, to December, 1864, he attended the Kinsman Academy, leaving at the latter date for Ann Arbor, where he entered the junior preparatory class at the Ann Arbor high school. He was graduated from it, in regular course, in June, '66, and entered the University of Michigan with the class of '70. He was elected one of the editors of the Oracle in sophomore year; was one of the speakers at the first Sophomore exhibition ; was elected one of the editors of the University Chronicle for junior }ear. Near the close of the sophomore year he was obliged to sus- pend his college work on account of failure of the eyes. He re- turned home, hoping that rest and treatment would restore them.. Their progress, however, was very slow, so he determined tO' go abroad, feeling that the lecture system of foreign universities would allows him to study without much demand upon them. He sailed for Europe the latter part of August, '71, spending the autumn in England. He underwent an operation on his eyes in London, which resulted in their recovery. In January, 72. he went to Paris and remained until May — using much of the time in listening to lectures at the Sorbonne. He spent the summer Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 257 in Switzerland and tlie scIkhiI year of "72-'73 at the L'niversity of llerlin. In the snnimer of '73 he made the tour of Italy and thence hack to I'aris, where he spent the autumn in com])anv with classmates Lovell and I'demini^-. He returned home in December, 'y^t- Shortly afterward he took U]) teachin!:^' as a profession. Commencing" with September, '75, he taught two years at Andover, ( ). In 'yy he went to Springfield, 111., where he became assistant in the high school there, which position he held for six years. Then he went to Chicago as assistant in the South Division hig-h school, which position he still occupies (December, 1902). The death of his mother took place in July, 'y2. while he was in Switzerland. His father is living yet. To them both in equal measure he considers himself indebted for all he has accomplished in the world. June 30th, 1889, he married Miss Helen Kelchner, of Springfield, 111. They spent the summer in Europe, returning' for the opening of the schools in the fall. Thev have one child, Karl K., born November 26th, 1891. Darrow attended the reunions of "80, "90 and '95, but was un- al)le to get away for the one of 1900. Such is a brief outline of the outward life — the usual outline that represents its hero as traveling along such and such an avenue of human activity toward some end called a goal, the measure of his success in life being measured by how far he succeeds in reaching" it. P)Ut the writer realizes that this reveals no glimpse whatever of the inward life of thought and feeling, which, after all, is the only part of life that has any significance for the one who lives it. And as the record of this inner life is that portion that the writer himself would read with deepest interest in the lives of his classmates, so he will not hesitate to indicate his early impulses, how they were modified l)y circumstances and what interpreta- tion he sets on the result. The i"eaction of his early environment U])on him he feels was strong enough to demand special mention. His father was an 18 258 Class of '70, University of Michigan. enthusiastic lover of books and especially of the classics, and had forced his way throug-h to a liberal education in spite of every adverse condition. Emigrating" as a boy from New York into Ohio in the late ■20's, he entered a world where there seemed little opportunity for anything except hard pioneer work. Marry- ing' before a college course had really been reached, he supported his constantly increasing family for six years of study, by work at his trade. I'rom this daily struggle for bread he was never thereafter able to free himself long enough to get rooted in the literarv and professional life that he would have loved so well. This, however, never chilled his ardor in the pursuit of knowl- edge, nor made him waver in the determination that his children should have the chance denied to him. So, though the days were given to toil, the evenings were always reserved for books. He was interested in every political and social cjuestion of the day and the children could not avoid taking interest in them either. In the "so's", where the writer's recollections start, was the fer- menting period of many "reforms", especially of "abolitionism" and "women's rights" wherein his father was deeply interested. ^^'hen the family came to Kinsman, it was to go upon a farm. From this time, the period of his earliest recollections, the forma- tive period oi the writer's life begins. His acquaintance with books and his love for them, as well as his interest in any subject of which the book might treat, dates back to his first memories. Then, as both a counterbalance, and yet, too, as a support of this interest in an ideal world (for lack of a better term), came his life in the real world of the farm. Forests of oak, beech, maple and hickory with frequent chest- nut trees were upon it and around it, while through it all ran a stream ( which a little later was to turn the mill-wheel for his father's factory) through forest and pasture and meadow and finally close l\v the house. Though the farm was disposed of and a factory built later, yet it was upon the same ground, so the residence and the associations remained unchanged. A large part of the work still was out door — cutting the trees in the woods Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 259 in winter — hauling' them to the mill for the spring freshets — then the sawing-, the turning", ete. — every stage of the operation was a pleasurable part of life. So vividly and so tenaciously were every aspect of these years imprinted on his mind, that from Homer down, he believes there is scarcely a pastoral picture in literature, of stream or forest or meadow, of the varying" moods of the days or of the seasons which does not mirror back ag'ain his own personal experience. Under such inlluences and among- such surroundings he re- mained until he went to Ann Arl)or. That his sentiments, views and aims were in great measure formed during- this time, he realizes through the slightness of the changes the succeeding years have brought. He felt then the fullness of enjoyment that there was in the mere being alive and open to the influences of nature, books and fellow-men. As he looked into the future, while he might ho]ie to become famous, he never thought of becoming rich, at least never of taking up any vocation with that ])urpose in view. The high school and imiversity years at Ann Arbor need no comment. The acquaintances that he made there he will always treasure as among the nearest and dearest of his life. Looking back upon it from later life he feels that he made a mistake in keeping too close to liooks at the expense of a closer intercourse with a wider circle of classmates and other friends. When the failure of his eyes took place he realized, half im- consciously, he had been relying on taking up teaching at the end of his course as the most congenial employment. Xow that he was liable to be disappointed in it, he felt that no other work would ha^■e been as pleasurable, solving at once the problem of making a living and at the same time allowing his continued dwelling in the "flowery fields of literature" and his continued progress in the paths of study and investigation. However, his years of sojourn in Europe (which otherwise would not have come to him) prepared him all the better for this work liesides making it clearer to him that he was making 260 Class of 70, University of Michigan. no mistake in choosing- it. Of those years al)roa(l one portion only must not be left nnmentioned here — the meeting with Lovell and Fleming in Paris and the autumn spent together there. What new fascination the brilliant city took on when seen under the cumulative influence of mutual sympathy, and how few the places there not linked inseparal)lv with the friends in whose presence they were seen ! Yet. through it all a deep strain of sadness runs at the thought that of the number Lovell is with us here no longer! In 1877, on the invitation of Dawson, who was then teaching" at Springfield, Darrow came to Illinois. To Dawson he considers himself indebted for obtaining a position in the Springfield high school and also in great part for becoming settled in work in Chicago, six years later. In this twenty-seventh year of work in his profession he sees no reason to regret the choice of work that he made, and feels that his success has lieen fully commensurate with his deserts. Life to him has l)een and continues to be richly worth living and, though he sees things in his past that he would change if he had the opportunity to choose a second time, he still feels rhat he would l)e likelv to make as many new mistakes as he would rectify old ones and so is willing to rest it where it is. His present address is 6036 JeiTerson Ave., Chicago, 111. John Foster Eastwood, A.M., Ph.D. Georgetown, Ky, He entered the Universitv of Michigan, in Septeml)er. 1866, with the class of "70. but remained with the class only one year. He then entered the class of '71, with which he was graduated A.B. In 1872 he received the degree of A.Al. from the univer- sity. He was graduated from the school of pharmacy of the university in 1874, receiving the degree of Ph.C, and in 1887 he received from his alma mater the degree of Ph.D. Has been professor of chemistry and biology in Georgetown College since i! Department of Litekatuke, Science, and Arts. 261 Frank Emerick Alpena, Mich. He entered the L'niversity of Michis^an with the elass of '70, in the fall of 1866. hut remained only two years. He joined the Zeta Psi fraternity and was one of the editors of the Oracle in sophomore year. He entered the law department of the univer- sity in 1873, remainino" two years. He was suhsequently ad- mitted to the har and entered upon the practice of the law. Many years ago he served a term of six years as circuit judge in Michi- gan, and in 1899 he was again elected and is now serving a sec- ond term in the same capacity with residence at Alpena, Mich. Hamline James Gardner. Died at Flint, Mich., October 25, I87J. He entered the University of Michigan in Septcml)er, 1866, with the class of '70. He remained only two' years. Was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. Willis Gaylord Graham. Died at Highlands, N. C, December 9, 1886. He entered the University of ^Michigan with the class of '70, in the fall of 1866, but remained only one year. Rev. Frank Norton Greeley. Berkeley, Cal. Was born May 6, 1850, at Chicopee Falls, Mass. His father, Stephen S. N. Greeley, was a Congregational minister. His mother was Sarah Barker Curtis. He prepared for college at Grand Rapids, Mich., and entered the University of Michigan with the class of '70, but remained oiily two years. After leav- 262 Class of '70, University of Michigan. ing Ann Arlnir he engaged in lousiness a few years and in the meantime studied theology privately. Afterwards he attended Auburn Theological Seminary at Auburn, N. Y. Was ordained to the Congregational ministry at ( )rwell, Oswego Co.. X. Y., November 13, 1877. after preaching several years as a licentiate. His early pastorates were at A olney, Orwell and New Haven, N. Y., later at Edgartown, Mass. Because largely of ill-health, he left active pastoral work in 1886, and has served churches, so far as he has preached, as "pulpit supply" ever since. His present home is Berkeley, Cal., having gone to California in 1892 as a health-seeker. His life is not given entirely to ministerial duties and he says that the hope of a return to the continuous or settled pastorate is not entirely abandoned. He was married ]\Iay 6, 1873, to Anna Cheney Buckhout, at Oswego, N. Y. His living children are Arthur White, wdio is a graduate of Stanford University, and William Buckhout Greeley, who is a graduate of the University of California. He buried a young son, Fred Curtis, in 1882. Arthur White Greeley received the degree of Ph.D. from Chicago University and is now profes- sor of zoology at Washington University, St. Louis, and William Buckhout Greeley is studying forestry (post-graduate work) at Yale. Rev. Frank N. Greeley's present address is Berkeley, Cal. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 263 Frank Gunnison, LL.B. Erie, Pa. He was Ijorn at Erie, Pa., Feb- ruary 2, ]848. His father was a ])racticinj;- attorney in that citv. i->ank Gunnison attended the pubHc schools in Erie and the Ju-ie Academy. In 1866 he en- tered the University of ]\Iichigan with the class of '70, continuing with it only one year. In the fall of 1869 he entered the class of '70 in Harvard Law School, from which he was graduated in June, ] 870. receiving the degree of LL.1'>. He entered at once upon the practice of law at Erie, suc- cessfully conducting cases in the various courts, including the Supreme Court of the state and the courts of the L^nited States. He was called upon to serve the public in the city council, the school board, the board of trustees of Erie Academy, and in 1886 was elected as I'resident Judge of the Sixth Judicial District of Pennsylvania. This important position was al)ly filled b}- him for the term of ten }ears expiring January i, 1897. He was urged to continue his honorable record on the bench, l)ut pre- ferring to be numbered with the practitioners at the bar, he re- opened his law office, which had 1)een ck^sed for a decade, and ever since has been enjoying a lucrative practice. He married Lila L. Lowry, of Erie, September 5, 1872. They have one son, ]\1. P. (iunnison, born August 13, 1873. Judge Gunnison enjo}s a delightful home in Erie, wears his well-earned honcjrs modestl}', and is taking life philosophicallv. 264 Class of '70, University of Michigan. James Dudley Hawks. Detroit, Mich. Was born at Jkiffalo, N. Y., October 13. 1847. His father's name was Thomas Sidney Hawks and his mother's naine was Hes- ter Ann ( La}ton ) Hawks. He ])repare(l for collep^e at Buffalo big-h school and entered the Uni- versity of Michigan in September, 1866, with the class of '70. Was a member of the Delta Kappa Ep- silon fraternity and of the Liter- ary Adel])hi. He continued with the class only two years and then devoted himself to a preparation for a successful business career. He entered railway service h'ebruary ist, 1870, and was con- secutively to 1875. assistant eng^ineer Buffalo Division, Lake Shore & Alichigan Southern Railway; 1875 to 1878. assistant engineer Erie Division: and 1878 to September i. 1881. assistant engineer Lake Shore Division, same road; September i, 1881, to July 1, 1883, superintendent construction Xew York, West Shore & Buffalo Railroad; July i, 1883, to A])ril, 1884, engineer mainte- nance of way, same road; April, 1884, to ( )ctober, 1892, chief engineer Michigan Central Railroad; ( )ctober i, 1892, to October, 1893, general manager Detroit Citizen's Street Railway; Xovem- ber I, 1893, to February i, 1895, manager Detroit, r)ay City & Alpena Railroad; l*"el)ruary 1, 1895, to November, 1896, vice- president and general manager Detroit & Mackinac Railway; November, 1896, to date, president and general manager, same road; is also president Detroit, Ypsilanti. Ann Arbor & Jackson Electric Railway and the Grand Rapids. Grand Haven & Muske- gon Electric Railwav, and the Lansing Citv Electric Railwav- Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 265 ]\Ir. Hawks is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and of the Institution of Civil Engineers of (ireat Britain. He is married and has the following nametl children : .Vlicc Cooke Hawks, Edward Alleston Hawks, James Russell Hawks, and Clarion 1 lawks. Rev. Eben Lcander Hill, A.B., B.D. Kansas City, Kansas. Was horn December 24th, 1843, in a log bouse on a farm in sight of Lake Ontario, in Huron, (Wolcott P. ().) Wayne Co., N. Y., being the youngest of nine children. His parents were Eben- ezer Hill and Nancy Fuller, both of Xew England stock, of which some were farmers, soldiers and sailors ser\-ing in the revolution- ary war. J')orn of fighting stock on l)oth sides, it was but natural tliat the subject of this sketch should be- come a soldier. At the hrst call for volunteers, by President Lincoln, in 1861, he enlisted in the 27th N. Y. Infantry, from which he was discharged soon after the first battle of Ihill Run. Recovering from the illness for which he was discharged, he entered the (j8th X. Y. Infantry. At the battle of b'air ( )aks or Seven Pines he was shot through the right lung, made a prisoner and lodged in Libby I'ri.son May 31, 1862. Removed to Belle Isle a few weeks later and exchanged August 3, 1862. The wound not healing, he acce])tcd his dis- charge, came home, went to St. Clair, Michigan, where he pre- pared for college, entering the Cniversity of Michigan with the 266 Class of '70, University of Michigan. class of '69, attending' but one year. The sophomore year was taken with the class of '70. He was elected vice-president of the class for that year. After a two years' absence from the uni- versity on account of the breaking- out of the old wound, which required some ten or twelve surgical operations, he joined the class of '^2 with wliich he was graduated with the degree of A.B. He took a three years' course in ( )berlin Theological Sem- inar}-, falling out one year to superintend the Fentonville, Alich., schools, but taking- the degree of B.D. in 1876. His first pastorate was over the Congregational church in Armada, Mich. After a year's service he was called to a Home Missionary field in Kansas, where he married Marie A. Robin- son, niece of the late ex-governor, Charles Robinson. Seven children were born of this marriage: Clyde Robinson, Lena Fuller, F.ben Powers, Alfred ]\lorse, Wayne h'inney and Thane Edwards (twins) and (iladys Marie A. Hill. In 1879 ''^ '^^'^^ called to the pastorate of the Congregational church in ( )lney, 111., where he remained about two years. He- served the Congregational churches in West Chicago and Nepon- set. 111., two years each. The next four years were passed with the Congregational church in Rosemond, 111. I'^rom this field he was called to the Sunday school work in southern Illinois in con- nection with the Congregational Sunday School and Publishing Society, residing in Anna, 111. Two years later he was called to the Congregational church in Altona, 111., which he served al)OUt three years. iM'om this place, Alay 9, 1892, his wife passed to her "home- over there", whither Thane Edwards, one of their twins, had gone from Anna. 111., two years before. In July, 1895, '^c moved to Kansas Cit-\-. Kansas, where he- supplied churches occasionally. In ( )ctober of this year he mar- ried Minne S. Watts, of Xeponset, 111. Three children were born of this marriage, viz. : Xcil Watts, Iris Susan and Hazel Henrietta Hill. He supplied the Chelsea Place Congregational church for a DeparTxMext of LiTERATURii, Science, and Arts. 2G7 year, from which he was called to the chair of Greek in Kansas City University and Theological Seminary, which position he still holds. Frank Clair Hill, M.D. Died at Milwaukee, Wis., October 17, 1892. ^Ir. Mill entered the L'niversity of ^Michigan from W'anpun, Wis., in the fall of 1867, as sophomore in the class of '70, bnt remained onh- one year. He snb-seqiiently entered the medical department of the nniversity and was graduated in 1874. For several vears prior to his death he had been practicing medicine at Milwaukee, ^\'isconsin. He died at Milwaukee, October 7, 1892. James Campbell Holliday, M.E. Died at Buffalo, N. Y., October J, 1898. Was born at Erie, Pa., November 5, 1845. Entered the Uni- versitv of Michigan from Xorth Springfield, l^a.. in 1866. with the class of "70 and was with the class during his freshman and sophomore years, but was graduated with the class of '69. He was a member of the Alj^ha Xu literary society. Was with the Milwaukee Iron Manufacturing Co.. Milwaukee, Wis., 1870-72; was engaged sul)sef|ueut]\- in real estate Inisiness in Minneapolis. He married Miss Mary Rice, of St. Paul, September 16, 1884. She died August 31. 1887, leaving one child, Grace Lillian Hol- lister, born January 2. 1887. He died at Buffalo, X. Y.. October I, 1898. 268 Class of ''jo, University of Michigan. Joseph Columbus Hosteller, B.S. Decatur, III. Born July 14. 1846, in Lawrence Co.. Ind. His father's name was Daniel losephus Hostetler and his mother's. Susan Mary (Newland) Hostetler. Joseph C. prepared for college at Ann Arhor high school. He entered the University of Michigan in the fall of 1866. with '70 and remained two years, and then he A\ent to I'nion College, Schenectady. X. Y.. from which he was graduated in 1871. He then taught school one year. Sul)se- quently read law in the office of lulen & ( )(lor at Decatur, 111., and was admitted to i)ractice in all the courts of Illinois hv the Illinois Supreme Court at Springfield, at the Januar}- term. 1875, since which time he has heen following his profession at Decatur. He was never married. Says he has done well and has .-i com- petence, hut prefers to wear out rather than to rust out and there- fore continues in the harness. Samuel Rodgers Hurford. Chicago, III. Was horn near I'.rownsville. Pa.. January 14, 1849. ^i^ pa^"" ents were Idiomas and l^leanor Hurford. He prepared for col- lege at ( )ttawa. Ill; entered the Cniversit}- of Michigan with class of '70. in September, 1866, but remained with the class only two years. Was a member of the Alpha Nu literary society. He was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1879 and since that time has been practicing law in Chicago. He married Jennie Munch. February 4, 1881. They have six children, two boys and four girls. His i)resent atUlress is 120 Ran(lol])h Street, Chicago, 111. DliPARTMENT OF LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ArtS. 269 Rev. James Edward Jacklin, A.M., B.D. Detroit, Mich. Was l)()rn in the Township of ( ),i^(len, Lewance Co., Mich., Jan. I, 1847. tlis parents were A\'ill- iani T. and Mary A. Jackh'n, who moved to Detroit when he was (|nite yonno-. Here he attended the pul)Hc schools until fourteen _\ears of ao^e and then filled posi- tion as clerk in a store frjr four years. (Jn resuming his stud- ies he completed the course in the Detroit high school, receiving a diploma, and entered the Univer- sity of Michigan with the class of '70 and remained one vear. He was elected historian of the class for that year. In the fall of '67 he took charge of the departments of Latin and Greek in the Detroit high school, and held that position until januarv ist, 1874, when he hegan preparation for entering Boston Theolog- ical Seminary, from which, after two years of close studv, lie was graduated in 1876. While in the seminary, in 1875 he entered the ministry of the [Methodist Episcopal Cdiurch, preaching in Saginaw City during "75 and '76, spending a portion of the first year in Boston closing his course in theology. He was pastor of a church in Xorthville, Mich., during '"jy, '78 and "79; in Monroe during '80, '81 and '82; in Bay City during ''^},, '84 and "85; in Flint during '86, '87, '88 and '89. The two churches in Bay City and Flint are among the largest of the denomination in the state. Fifteen consecuti\'e years were spent in ministerial lahors without any protracted vacation or illness. He resigned his pastorate at Flint to accept the position of associate editor of the Michigan Christian Advocate, puhlished at Detroit, to which he was elected 270 Class of 70, University of Michigan. in May, 1890. He has held that position ever since. He received tiie degree of A.M. from iVlbion College in 1890. He was married August 10, 1875, to Miss Emma Relman, of Detroit. They have but one child, a daughter. Flora. John William Johnson. Died at Ann Arbor, Mich., January 8, t870. He was horn in New York State, whence his parents re- moved to Delavan. Wis., when he was about ten years old. He prepared for college at Allen's Grove Academy and at Beloit College. He entered I'niversity of Michigan with the class of '70. and early won and ever maintained a high position in the esteem of his classmates. He was a meml)er of the Philozetian debating club, the .\l])ha Xu literary society and the Phi Delta Theta fraternity. He died at Ann Arbor when he had nearlv completed a foiu" \cars' course of study. Had he lived a few months longer he would have been graduated with the class of 70. The class adopted the following memorial : "We are unexpectedly called to mourn the loss of one who by his character, his uniform courtesy, kindness and modest bear- ing, had endeared himself to us all. His many good qualities, his reserved and miassuming manner, his prompt performance of every duty, had gained for him the respect of all who knew him. A\'e who have luet him in the classroom shall especially feel his loss and shall cherish his memory more and more as the days go by. To his family, in their sad and sudden liereavement we offer our heartfelt sympathy. Theirs is the greater loss. Yet we may assure theiu that, though away from home, he was not without friends. May the Father of all comfort them in their affliction." Classmates Charles G. Wing and Leonard E. Stocking were chosen to accompany the body to the home of the parents of the deceased at Delavan. Wis. The remains were buried at that place. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 271 Edward Porter King. Chicag^o, III. \\'as Ijorn at Ravenna, ( )hio, August 1 2th, 1847, ■'^'^'" of Eli P. King and Liicina Al. King-. Went through the Ravenna schools ; graduated from high school June. 1866, and applied for admission to the University of Michigan in the fall of 1866, together with Wm. k. Day, of the same town. As they had been graduated from the high school only a few months before, with what they thought considerable credit and honor to themselves, they sincerely felt that the time taken up for their exam- inations for admissi(Mi to the freshman class would be a waste of time. Everything moved along just as they had anticipated, un- til in the regular routine they made the acquaintance of a gentle- man by the name of "Toughy", who at that particular time was endeavoring to learn how much the assembled prodigies from different sections knew about algebra. After several attempts with different problems on the part of "your orators", they were called to the desk, and duly informed in the opinion of the afore- said "Toughy" that they did not know anything about algebra, and it would take a full year of hard study to give them the stand- ing in mathematics necessary to admit them to the universitv. They secretly dennn-red to this opinion, but did not express it, for the reason that on the part of the professor there was a con- solidated directness of speech and manner together with that peculiar smile, which was beyond interpretation, and was so con- fusing to the two would-I)e freshmen that thev retired inc'lori- 272 Class of 70, University of Michigan. ouslv. A conference uas held immediately after reachino- fresh air, and it was fully decided then and there that under no circum- stances would they submit to the disgrace of being" sent home. They also concluded they would see Dr. Haven, wdiich they did early the next morning, and there Wm. R. Day made one of the best pleas of his career. It was the turning point in his life, for he prevailed upon the president of the university to admit them, "conditioned" on the whole of algebra, to be removed by the first of the following January. He gave them a note to this efifect to Prof. Olney. who blandly remarked that they were attempt- ing something that would only end in failure, but nevertheless thev were admitted to the university "free and clear of all en- cumbrances" before the holiday vacation. Dr. Haven little knew he was making history, when in the kindness of his heart he made it possible for Wm. R. Day to enter the university with the class of '70 ; for, had he refused, in all probability President McKinley would have had another secretary of state during the most trying' time of his administration, and the Philippine question might have assumed an entirely different aspect. The subject of this sketch left the L'niversity of [Michigan in the spring of 1867, on account of failing health; taught school near Ravenna, Ohio, in the winter of "67, and moved to Lima, Ohio, in spring of 1868, engaging in the hardware business there. He was married to Clara A. Crouse, Lima, ( )hio, 1873, who only lived eighteen months after marriage. Was married to Harriet A. Townsend, 1876. This marriage resulted in one son, Robert, who is now nineteen years old. Removed tO' Pucyrus, ( )hio, in the spring of 1877; studied law for two years, and then removed to Chicago, Plinois. in 1881, forming a connection with J. H. Lesher & Co., 385 E. [\Iadison Street, where he has been since that time, and has held position as department manager for mau}^ vears. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 273 Earle [Johnson] Knight, A.M. Albion, Mich. Was born September lo, 1851, at Akron, N. Y. His parents were Johnson W. and CorneHa P. Knight. His preparation for college was completed at the Ann Arbor high school. He entered the University of ^Michigan in 1866 with the class of '70, but remained only one month and then dro]:)ped out and remained awav for one year. He then entered the class of "71. with which he was graduated. He is married and has one son, Earle Kelly Knigbt, now in the civil engineering class of '03, U. of ]M. He is with the Gale Alannfacturing Co. at Albion, Mich., where he has been for many years. Henry Willis Lake. Died at Orange Park, Fla., April 30, 1885. He was born in Plainfield, Otsego Co., X. Y., Septembci 19th, 1841. Went to Rock County, Wisconsin, with bis parents, Ste- wart and Alarinda E. Lake, in 1844. The early years of his life were spent on a farm and at district school. He attended for a time Allen's Grove Academy, Peloit College, and finally the Uni- versity of ^Michigan, where he was associated with the class of "70 from 1866 to 1868. Was a member of the Kappa Phi Lambda fraternity and the Literary Adelphi. Pie united with the Con- gregational church at Allen's Grove. Wis., and later was con- nected with the Congregational church at Clinton. In 1S68 he entered the firm of Wheeler & Lake in Jancsville, with whom he remained three years. He then traveled for the firm of EjcII, Conrad & Co., of Chicago, for twelve years. A popular and suc- cessful agent, he became a personal friend of the members of the firm. On September 10, 1872, he married ]\liss Libbie \'eeder, of Janesville, with whom he happily lived ten years. Sej)tember 3d, 1884, lie married Airs. Alary Linder, of Independence, Iowa, who was living at the time of his death. There were no children. He died at Orange Park, Duval Co., Florida, on April 30, 1885, and was l)uried at Clinton, \\'isconsin, Alay 9th. 19 274 Class of '70, University of Michigan. Joseph Lee Logan, LL.B. Cincinnati, O. He was born in i'arke County, Indiana, June 28th, 1843. His father was Samuel McCampl^ell Logan, and his mother's maiden name was Mary Helen McMur- tr\-. both of Virginia-Kentucky lineage and Scotch descent. The Logans, the McMurtrys and the lUichanans emigrated from Kentucky to Indiana in the early days of that state and form- ing, as it were, a colony, entered adjoining lands and l)uilt their homes in the forest. Amid the scenes and activities of such a strenuous life as is usually found in a new country the subject of this sketch was born and grew to manhood. His early life, up until the breaking out of the civil war. was spent on a farm. The means and opportunities for an education in those days were not so abundant nor of the character of the opportunities of the pres- ent day. At that time Indiana did not have her present educa- tional system in force, her school system being in its infancy. His circumstances in life were such that whatever of education he acquired nuist he by his own exertions. His education was ob- tained and paid for largely by his own earnings, working early and late, in the cold and in the heat, and employing all his spare time in study. Upon arriving at more mature years, he engaged in teaching during the winter and working upon the farm dur- ing the summer, thereby acquiring the means to prosecute his studies and advance his education. When the civil war beean and the first call was made for Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 275 troops, he was quietly pursuing- his studies in an adjoining^ county at the W'aveland Collegiate Institute. He, with a number of his fellow-students volunteered for service in May, 1861, but the quota being already full, they were not mustered in. He, with a number of others, who were attending school at the institute again volunteered their services in October of the same year. This time his services were accepted and he was mustered into service on the seventeenth of October, 1861, at the age of eigh- teen years. His regiment was the 38th Indiana \^olunteer In- fantry and formed a part of what was later known as the Four- teenth Corps of the Army of the Cumberland. He was in the column that went down through Kentucky and Tennessee, at first imder the commantl of General Rousseau and others, later under the command of General D. C. Buell, who was followed in com- mand by (leneral Rosencranz. and lastly by General George H. Thomas, whose command was the "Rock of Chickamauga", on which the columns of Longstreet were broken and repulsed. During his first year he saw very severe service, but very little fighting. Just one year from the date of his enlistment he took part in that short, sharp conflict at Perryville, Kentucky, which, for the time it lasted, about six hours, was one of the severest battles of the war. This was followed by numerous battles and severe campaigning. He was engaged in the battles of Murfrees- boro, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge and other engagements about Chattanooga, and on the seventh day of Mav, 1864, started on the famous campaign to Atlanta. From the seventh of Mav until the first of September, his regiment, in various capacities, was under fire almost constantly day and night. In July and August they took part in the numerous battles around Atlanta, and on Se])tember first, in the liattle of Jonesboro. where, just at sunset, he received a severe and almost fatal wound, the onlv one of much conse(|uence, although he was wounded slightly at Chickamauga and at Peach Tree Creek, one of the battles near Atlanta. Before his wound fully healed his time of enlistment ex- pired and he was mustered out October 17th, 1864. Having given his time and services from a s])irit of ]5ure patriotism, he always and persistently refused promotion, preferring to serve the entire three years in the ranks ; and having spent three of the best years 276 Class of '70, University of Michigan. of his life in the service of his country, he felt that he was entitled to return to his school work. In the fall of 1864, he returned to the Waveland Collegiate Institute, where he resumed his inter- rupted studies and comjileted his ]M-eparation for the university. He entered the Cniversity of Michigan in September, 1866, with the class of '70, and remained with that class three years and a half. He was a member of the Ali)ha Xu literary society. He left Ann Arbor in the fall of i86i II III :i |i i;' i iiliiii • hi a Miiall l.ii III Ileal ( licslci , IN., I 111 III-' i..;lli .la\ Ml .\la\ , iS| 1. I lis |iai (III', w (1 (■ .S( ( ill li II i , lallicr w a', a |ial Ici II i|i aw 11 li\ |ii i il'cs- ■ai HI, lull lie iliiil w liilc Ma \ w clI was a liali\ , Maxwell ll\(d nil Ihe lai 111 nil lie was I iS \cais 111 Ai^r, worUiii^' all' I l;i liii!^ lo siIh M i| in I lie w iiitei s. Me '.aN S : "I aeee|i|ei| ( III Isl illll III". I lie iMcal ic\ i\ .il III I S:,,S, ami |i illlei I I III I '1 es|i\ lei lail i Illll ell, III w hull iii\ nil il liei .iiiil III 1 1| liei s ami sislel s w el e llieinliei s." lie iiiii\((| Willi 111-, |iei)|.|e In Kaiisas ill iSS') ;iiiil spetil a \'car in l.awieme -I ml \ in;; |o(»ni- inj^ton, III. TartialK' recovereil his Inaltli ami iindini;' himself twenty-nine yeais of aL;e, he went to Lane I heijlo^ieal Seminary at ( "incinn.'iti, < ). < )n eom)»lel Iiil; his conrse there he was oidaineil to the ministry and went as a missionai"\ to the kepnhlic of Mexico. I le spent a little over a \car in the ( it\' of Mexico, estahlishinj^' an evanj^clical i-onL;re^;ation theic, and also one \car in the neij^^h- horiiiiL; city of 'lOhica. Me then went north (500 miles by staj^e) to the city of Zacalecas, where shortly alterwards he was joined 1)V l\ev. Mr. riiomson. I lieic tlnw remained three and a half years, preachiiiL; and editini; the Sj)anish wi-ekly papt'i^ called "l.a Antoreha I'.vani'tlica"' "The ICvan^clical Torch." They also succeeded in cstahlishinL; a sti'oUL; mission chmi h in Zacate- cas anil i|nite a number of smaller ones in towns near hv. .\fter this, at tile i((|uesl ol ^ome native piotest.ants living in the city of Oiieiitaro, he wein there and took steps to o])en evanj.4elical Wfjrship. lint on the morning' set for the openini; he was set upon 1)\' ;i mol) in the sti"e(ts, stirred np l)\ the \\. i . Ilishop living there who was a Spaniard. .\1|-. I'liillips received over twents wonnds, including three broken bones, ami iL'ui'ovvly escaped v\ il h his life. Mm ini;' his c()nvalesence he comjileted his t lanskat inn of "'llie .Shonlu'r^- ( otta hamily" for ])ubli( at ion. Me also trans- lati'd a trai't by l.avelaye ;md a < irei'k-l'jif^iish dictionarv into ( jreek-Spanisli. Then at the retpiest of a Mexican j^eiitlenian, I'D 290 Class of '70, University of Michigan. living in Yucatan, he went tliere and spent a year and a half in evangelical work. Then he returned to Mexico City and took charge of the teaching of Cireek and history classes in the young Presbvterian college there for a time. Then he resigned the work in old Mexico to accept the work in New Mexico, where he preached and established evangelical schools for six years. After this he returned to Kansas and for four years farmed, making, as he says, "a distinguished failure of it." He again turned to preaching, in which lie spent eight years in Kansas, then came to Xorman, ( )klahoma. and has divided his time between teaching Spanish in the Territorial Cniversity there and preaching in neighboring towns. He says: "I have neither acquired wealth nor fame, l)ut am happier in my old age — I have passed the 60-mile post — than 1 was while young. I have a wife and six sons and two daughters and two grandchildren. In philsosophy I am a disciple of Hamilton, in religion I might be classed as a Mystic. Christ is my chief joy. I hope for His com- ing soon. He has been a good Master to me and I desire to com- mend Him to any one who has not accepted Him." Julius Joseph Pollens. Died at Newport, Vt., Nov. 29, 1870. He entered the University of Michigan from Richford. A't., in 1866, with the class of '70, but ill health compelled him to cease his studies. He was a mem1)er of the Alpha Xu literary society. He lived but two years after leaving the university and departed this life at Newport in the State of X'enuont, Noveml^er 2(), 1870. Dia'ARTMENT OF LlTERATUKi:, SciENCE, AND ArTS. 291 Benjamin T. K. Preston, A.B. Waterman, Cal. r.cnjaiiiin 'I'. K. Preston en- tered the I'niversity of Aliehigan with the elass of '70, from the Ann Arbor hig'h school, and coni- ])leted his freshman year. He re- mained awav one year and re- tui"ned as a meml)er of "71. with wliieh elass he was j^raduated in tile elassieal conrse. Was a mem- ber of the Ka})|)a ['hi Lambda fra- ternity. After teachin^i^ two years in Miehit^an, he went tO' Califor- nia, where he has sinee lived. After teaehint;- a year in Califor- nia he l)onijht a newspaper and began a jonrnalistie career which he followed, with an interrup- tion of five years in the federal service, for twenty years, at Stock- ton. San Jose, Fresno and San h'raneiseo. fie edited daily ])apers at the first three named places. I le is a Democrat and advocated free trade, civil service reform, sound numey and public owner- ship of public utilities. in 1872 he married. In 1874 he became a widower with a son six months old, whom he brought up and sent back to his alma mater fcjr two }-ears. The son is now in business in San Francisco. In 1897 he married in San Jose and soon after that event be- came secretary of the Preston School of Industry, a state re- formatory at lone. He is fifty-six years old and has always en- joyed robust health. His family now consists of his wife and daughter, four \ears old. His post office address is Waterman, Cal. 292 Class of '70, University of Michigan. JU^m^ ILi, L ^mtl "^ f fl fe* ^J ^' flkXi: J K»'' I ..dM^^JBaR^^ m ? '.J ^^kKKt'^ *i V ■■dB: ^ ^^ ^V^PV/ f!^IP^E^^if -^ wFiK^dCwi' ^flH^ ■^wilfeiHsti^- Colonel Hugh T. Reed. Chicago^ III. Ciz'il History. — The seventh son of Irvin Reed and Mary Miff- Hn Evens, his wife, was born August 17, 1850, at, and reared u])()u a fruit and vegetable farm near Richmond, Ind. At ten years of age he succeeded his lirother -Vlbert as salesman for their farm ]ir()(lucts, and a year or two later, when their services were not re- (|uired at home, he and his ])rother, Charley, bought and sold ])oultry, butter, egg's and cheese ujjon their own account. In the winter months he attended the public school in Richmond and during the civil war he freciuently visited the United States volunteers in Camp Wayne, then located between the farm and the town, and his accjuaintance with the soldiers inspired him with the desire to be a soldier himself. In the fall of 1864 the family moved back to Richmond, where he resumed his studies at the puljlic school, except for one year, when from over-study he was confined to a dark room. After finishing at the public school (there was no high school grade there then) he attended Hadley's Academy in Richmond for two vears. His father owned a large town lot, where they kept horses and cows and raised their own vegetables, and as his father also owned a hardware store, to keep his boys off the street they were employed in the store when not at school or at work in their garden. In the sunnner of 1868 he received an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, and to prepare him for the preliminary examination there the next June he was sent to the high school at Ann Arbor, Mich., Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 293 wliere he was examined and admitted in Septeml)er. The Uni- versity of Michigan opened about a week later than the hii^h school, and as the examination for admission to the university was oral and public and in part like the preliminary examination at West Point he listened to the questions and answers for sev- eral days and then he himself was examined and admitted to the university, where he took a special scientific course and one study — German — was with the class of '70. He remained at Ann Arbor until April 30th and after a brief visit to his home he re- ported at West P'oint on June 8, 1869. He joined a Masonic lodge at Port Huron, Mich., in 1874. He collected in the then Dakota Territory, in i874-"76, the basis of the data for a paper entitled "A Calendar of the Dakota (i. e., the Sioux Indian) Na- tion." published Ijy Captain Garrick JNIallery, U. S. Army, in April, 1877, in lUilletin HI., No. i of the United States Geo- logical and Cicographical Survey, and republished by ^lallery as the "Dakota Winter Counts" in his paper on "Pictographs of the North American Indians" in Powell's Fourth Annual Re- port of the Pureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smith- sonian Institution, i882-'83. Colonel Reed is author of Signal Tactics, 1880, of Upton's Infantry Tactics Abridged and Re- vised, 1882, of United States Artillery Tactics Abridged and Re- vised, 1882, of Military Science and Tactics, 1883, of Broom Tactics, 1883, of Knights of the (dobe Tactics, 1896, of Cadet Life at West Point. 1896, of Frontier Garrison Life. 1903, of In- dian Campaigning. 1903. and of Army Titbits, 1903, and since 1886 he has been the publisher of his own works. He has often served in various parts of the United States as judge of competi- tive drills by National Guardsmen, Masons. Patriarchs Militant, Sons of Veterans. Knights of Pythias. Kinghts of the Globe and independent military organizations. He was inspector general of Indiana, with rank of lieutenant colonel in i88i-'82. chief en- gineer of the Illinois National Ckiard in 1898. a candidate for ad- jutant genera] of Illinois in 1901, colonel of a provisional regi- ment of Illinois volunteer infantry and appointed as brigadier 294- Class ok '70. UiM\i:Rsirv ov Mu iiu;an. p^eiicral of volunteers in the Spanish-. Xnu-rican war in iS()S, Imt the war eiuknl so soon afterwards that the eonnnission was w ith- heUl. lie married at Indianapolis. Ind.. Septemher 5, iSSj, Sallie K. l-\M\i^nson, the only daui^iuer ot' (."lenient A. I^er^^aisiui and Eleanora Irwin, his wife; no issue, lie was jirofessor oi military seienee and taeties at the X(U-th\vestern Militarx .\eadeniy. lliL;h- land Park, 111., in iS88-'So. lie was the arm\- meniher iA a trans- portation eommission a|>poinled in the iiuerest of the I'ield-lohnn- bian Museum. nhea_m>. 111., to \isit foreign eonntries, in iSi)4-"o'.\ He inwntetl a system of metallie sheh'ini;" (a moditicd furm of whieh is used in the ConiLjressional lilirarx building in \\ ashin^:;"- ton. D. r. ) ; a folding' eash hox : a dnplieate whist heard; a fountain pen; the oetavt) oame hoard for elu'ekers. chess, haek- jl^ammon. etc. ; and a box to hold these L;ame dements, the emer of the box bcins;' the board, folded, lie was president (or treas- urer) and prineiital stockhoUlcr of the (."rown Ten Comiiaiu . Chi- cai^"o. 111., fmni 1887-^)7, and since 181)4 he has had chari^e t.^\ his own real estate and renting' in l"hieaj;o. lie is a member oi the Hamilton and Tress (.dubs and an arm\- member i.i\ the L'nion League Club, all of (."hicai^d. He is also a member of the Associa- tion of Craduates of the Cnited ."-States Militarx' .\cadem\- and a member oi the ( h-der o\ Indian Wars o\ the Cnited States. l"or a number oi years he has taken part in militar\- i)arades in C hi- cago and has served in the parades as an aide, a marshal, in' the adjutant t^eneral. or as the secretary oi the milit;uw eommiltee orLjanizinq- the parades. Residence. Chicai^o. Illinois. .Inity History. — ("adet at the C. S. Militar\- Academy from July 1. i86(), to June 1^^. 1873. when he was graduated and pro- moted in the army to second lientenaiU. 1st Cnited Stales in- fantry. He served on frontier dut\ as the (|uartermaster at l-'ort Gratiot. jMichigan. from Sei)tember 7,0, 187^^. to July _' 1 . 1874, as the adjutant or c|uartermaster at l-'ort Sully. Dakota Territory (commanded seoiUs in Ma\ and |nne. 1875, near old l'"ort Pierre. DlCrAKI MICNl' OF ].n KkA IDKK, SCII'INCI':, AND Au'i s. 295 l)al<(it;i Tcrrildi-y, to ])rcvc'nt white people from enteriiiL;' the r.laek Mills in the llieii Sionx liidian Keservatioii ; eoiuiiictcd an old solditr fioiii hoii Snll\, I )akota 'rerritor\', to the Soldiers' lloiiie, Washington. I). ( '., in Se])lenil)tr and ( )ctoher, 1H75; in charj^c of the military leleL',rapli line between i''orts Sully and Randall. I )ak()la Terrilor). in llie winter of i<^75-'7''')' ^'^ -^''ly 22, 187O; eonmianded eom|)an\ at I'ort Kiee. I )akota Territory, to November 10. iS/O; eonnnanded c-ompan\- at l''()rt .Snllv, l)ak(jta 'territory, to .April 24. 1S77; commanded eom|)anv on Sioux and Ncz I'erres Indian eanipaij^^ns (eonnnanded battalion part of the time while escoitiuL;" Scz i'erees Indian ])ris(jners from near the mouth of ( )'l''allon (reek in Montana TerritorN' to kort Leaven- worth. Kansas), to I )eeember i,:5, 1X77; at ]>ower lirule Ajj^ency, Oakota Territory (on leave from December 2i.st), to Auj^ust 30, 1S7S. ( )n sii^nal duty at k'ort Whipple (now Vori Alver). \'ir- j^inia. to Januar\' jy, \^/*). < )n leave to March 1, i.S7<;, and on sick leave ( 1 st lieutenant, 1 st I'. S. Infantry, July 1, i'S79) to Se])tember 20, iX7(j. ( )n frontier duty at k'ort Randall, Dakota Territory (ins])ector of su[)plies issued t(j the Siejux Indians at Santee \,L;ency, Dakota Territory, and on sick leave from k'ebru- ary 17th), to July 31, iXHf). ( )n e-(jlK'L;e duty as ])rofessor of military science and tactics at the' Southern Illinois Normal I'ni- versity at (arbondale, Illinois, to July 1, iScS^. ( )n frontier duty at k'ort A])ache, Arizona Territory, ]),'U"t of tlu' time as adjutant or commanding company (commanded escort e-onve'\in^' ^ejvern- nu'nt funds from I lolbrook, Arizona 'l'e'rritor\ , to k'ort Apache, Arizona ke^rritory, and conuuander (|is;il>ilil \ iiuidciil lii llir sci \ ice. ( )ii lol K'f^T (liit\ as |>nil('ssi>r nl iiiilit,ir\ sciiurc .iihI ladies at llic I Imwc Srliodl. Lima, Indiana, linni AniMist i J. iSi)^, If llic incsciit lime. Ills rcsidciur is ( hifat;ii lllinnis. Address, (>i^ rnllnian I inildnij;. Samuel Vincent Romi^^ Ph.C , M.D. Rocklord, 111. Ileenteii'd the l'in\eiMl\ i>l \lielni;aii in lS()()\\illi the class of '^(1, linl icnianied with llie class (ud\ une \eai. Me llien en leied (lie sclidul (d pliainiaev liinn which he was i^radnaled ni iS/O, and |-ecei\i'(l Ins decree nl .\LI>. linni (he nieilical de|iail- nienl id Ihe nni\ei>il\ in iS/.'. Me piaclitid nieilieineal ,'^ni\ina, Miidi,, lioni 1S7.: In iS7s; al hmia, Mich , lioni 1X75 Id iSS;-; at l\(iL;eis I'aik, III , iiiini 1 SSv' In K )i 1 1 , wln'ii lu' rennwcd Id Knek- Idid, III , where he cdiilinius ihe i)raeliee (d his jiridessidii. Lloyd B. Sclby. Vc-iitura, Cal. Me enlered ihe I 'in\crsil \ ( il M ichii;an ni 1 S( >(> w il h ihe tdass of '71), leniainin^ onh one \eai. \llei leaxini-, cd||eL;e he weni Id Idwa, ihcn Id Missdini, ihen Id ( '.difdtnia. Me is said Id In' h\in;; ,il \ enlui.i, ( al., allhiinidi im recent inidi mal it m has heeii r<.ct.'i\ed Irnni Inin persunalK. I )i:i'.\l< IM I.N I (II' I .1 I IK A ri'Ki:. S»il' N( I',. AND /\l7 Arthur Raymond Simmons, A.B., M.D. Utica, N. Y. I '.( nil III Nrw 1 l.ivcii, N . ^',, Wax s. iS \y I ',11 (III'. : I |ri \'y SlIIIIIH HIS, III II II I III I '.II I . II ill, ( »iiri(l;i ( n,, .\, N , \ii:',, S, 1 ;■<)(», I' iiiih \\ I ii'lii , III ii II III I iiK III \ il l,i:;c, ,\ \ \i i\'(iiiliri |, iSdS, lie |ii ('iLii ii\ Il n i( illcjM- .il l'';illc\' Sriiilli.il \ , I' lllli HI, N. N'. l lilcl III I 'lli\ fl Ml \ ( il M i( lll!\lll 111 I S( ill Willi I lie ( l.i',\ I il 'yi I K'i'iii;iiii(il I Hie \ f.ll lie |i lilicil I lie I 'm I |i mIi III 1 1 .il<'i ml \ r iili'i I'll I hr 1 l.r.s 1 1| y \ :il \ iiilii'i 'J , M.I'.'., Ill |S()S, :iiid W.I', ;■ I ;ii|ii;il('i| in CDlll sr. \V;is |ii III! i{i;il III I .1 III', (l;ilc Ini'.li ',(liii«il, l\. I., 1S71 'yi,. Was j^i .mIii.iIciI Inuii ( i.llcrc (il I 'll\ ',Hi;iiis ;ii|(| .S|irjj;cniis. ,\cw ^'ll^k < ll\, iS/;,. M.ilMiil I )(■('( llllxl .'. 1S75, Miss I'.llllll.l Killl',. Ill II.IIIIiihI, ( iiIIII, lull 11 in .Mrlinsc, Mass., |iil\ .•<), iS|I^. Iliicc mhi',, iwii il.iiii'lilci s - ,\rlliiir i'mici, luiiii Idi. is, i-^/'/i I'lankliii In 1 \ . Iiiun I )cc. II, iSyX; I' Ii/,iIm||i I\ hi;-, Imm II |iiI\ ^l, I SS.', . I ici I All!; II, I -'^S.^ ; l\a\ nil Hid jell line. Ik II II J III \ i(t, iXcS^; ImIiIIi I\ iiii;, In m n |iilv 15, iK«7. SiiiiiiKiiis slmlicfl nic last sen nf Ick liiiij' in Llllisdalc, K'. I., Willi I )l I. I'. ( (i.lUIII. III'. Ill I ,|)ll.ll ('\|irll ciicc was in r.rllcviK' I li r.|iil.il, .\cw' \'iirk, ;iiid .S|. I'.li/.ihrl li's lidspilal, I'tica, N. \. lie lic^aii iiiailiic in \rw ILiillmd, .\'. ^'., ami ffir Uvu \cars \v;is |).iilmi nl l)i. \\\ K'. (iiiswnld, .m old |)rart it il iiicr. In Nellevue Medical ( ollege, New ^'(Jrk City, and was graduated therefrtjm in i(S7i. Me then ])racticed niediciiie in ( )akland, Cal., for about a year and from there he went to llilo, Hawaii, where he Ijuilt u]) a successful medical ])ractice. lie died oi heart disease (ju A]jril 7, i!^79, and was buried at llilo cemetery, Dki'artmknt of Literature, Science, and Arts. 301 wliitluT liis nniaiiis were ac-C( mipaniid 1)\ a larj^t' concourse oi people his friends. The \\vy. j. .Morion ofiiciatcd. Mr. Smith was never niarried. A sister, Miss CJlivc Smith, Hves at Warren, ( ). William Stagg. Died at Detroit, Mich., October 28, 1894. l!orn .May J7th, 1S4C), at I'alerson, .\'. j. W'lien he was one year old, his parents mo\ed to 'I'renton, Mich., on l)elroil Kiver, when- his hoxhood was s])enl. In iSfx) his parents renioveil to Ann Arbor. lie attended the 51I1 Ward scdiool, and later the Granmiar school, then under the superinttndeuc\- of I'rofessor Jackson, and snl)se(|ueutl\ the hii^h school, and llieic prepartd for college undt'r the instruction of I'rofessor (later judj^'e) ( '. 1!. (iraut and I'rofessor .M . I.. 1 )'( )m', now at the univt'rsitw In the fall of '(>2, he decided that it was his dut\- to enter the army, and consei|Uenlly enlisted .\o\'. i,|, '()]. "for threi' \i'ars or (lurinjr the war,"" in tlu' j<\ .Michii^an ('avalr\ an old re.i^inienl. lie served until August 15, '65, without a da\ "s sitd. ddlli 111. \\A. lul. \'.\)vu l.caiuKr Mill, J7llt .\. N. lul.. laU'ioSlh X. ^■. Jul". ('wiu I'". 1 .r l'\'\'ii', \nu\ (il llir roloinar, Josipli \ A\- l.i)L;au, ^v"^'!' Ii"l- \ "I- l"l- l.irul. John .Si-dll .Malliuau, i^lli .Mirli. \ dl. luf. /.uini;luis kiinauiln \ Ir*. nruiai'k, ('n. Il,t)i)lli hul. \o\. hit'. .MfuHl XohU'. _'.|lli Mirh. \ ol. lul. William I .ucas ( \l;(.', in Tax I )ipartunut. Marius (, ouisliH-k I Vmiiuu^Iou, ( o. I ), iilli Mirli. \ol. lul'. Capl. .\la\\\rll riiillips. Co. C, _^il link \\A. lul. William I U-iuv Scliork. (,'0. I ), i.iulli 111. \ ok lul., latrr C'o. I). ,^pli 111. \\A. lul. I'Mwanl k'lauk So\,(.'o. J), i.nnli 111. \ Ok lul'. Jauu's .Sroll ."siuilli, 171SI ( Miio \ ok lul'. W illiam StaL;,!;. Jil Mirli. ra\alr\. MorliuuT lliram ."^laul'oul, Jisl I'.ri^adc I'aml, .|tli Pivisiou, Anu\ ol C 'muhriiauik l.iu-ius I'.unir .^wil'l. jSlli X. \'. \ ol, lul'., kiU'r 1st X. \'. I.i,L;lit AililK-ry. (Iiark's .\laloiu-\ Taxlor. (.'0. M. S5tli liuk \o\. hit". AU'xaiuKr I'liomson, I Uaisliaw 's Illinois I'attcrw c haiK's .MauKv Wells, r.attciv l\ isl Ta. I -is^ht .\rtillorv. (. liaiK's ( iordou W iu^;. iu llu' iia\ \ . In si'i"\ iri' as I'ix ilians : Osi'ar I. (amplu'll, as Tax uiasti'i's (.-UTk. I'liaiU's S. (.'arkr. xxitli .pli Wis. \o\. Int.. ami later in .Auditor's oftuT r. S. Militaiy U. Uds. SiiUH' tlu' (. ix il War. (."ok I hmli r. ivi'i-d of tlir ruiU'd ."^tatos .Anuv. l)i;r.\ii- sffs a star, and listciiiiif^ love can luai riic rustle ol a wiii^. ' ' jiilin \\ illi;iin JdliiiMiii, J;iiiii;iry ■'\ \>>yi). Julius jdst'pli I '( )ll('iis, N()V('iiiI)C'r _"), 1H70. V I l.'iiiiliiic Jams ( laiiliuf, ( )c-t()l)ci- j;, 1S71. .\l)nc'r I .cw'is Andrews, May 1, 1X7^5. Jar.,1) I'.cllrr, jr.. I )ccciiil)cr 10, 1S75. |lllill^ Ahiiaiii I'.lackliuni, I'rhniary J^, I.S47. April j;-,, 1S76. I linmas W MJL', DcTcinheT 25, 1S47. ■ \,„-iI ;;, 1S77. < ic'i irs.H/ I lii( K ip ( aiiipan, July 29. 1S47. I'cl)inaiy 5, 1X79. James Sciiit Siin'lli, Januan jo, 1S45. April 7, i,S7(;. Sliciiuan Sauldrd .\vvr\\ ^^S^- ' July ( I, 1X79. JauiLS Alfred I layward, SepleUlher !_', |S4(;. ' Au.^Ust 12, I XSo. ( liarli's llalU'Ui^er, Sepleinher 2S, 1X4^). Mareli l.^, iXXi. Judsou Slatlnj-d lliid, ( )el. 1804. William Stag'j;", May J7. 1840. October _'8. 1804. \ arnum Ikirstmv iVicbraii. Pecember 5. 1844. May 0, i8uO. Georije Howard Lothrop. Aj-iril 18. 1850. November _'i. i8«.)0. William Thomas luuersoii. July 23. 1848. Auo-ust _K). 1807. l-Vank Howard Iknve. May 10, 1850. Pecember 2(K 1897. Patrick Henry r>umpus. Jaimary Ji. 1841. I'ebruary 18. i8u8. James L'ampbell Holliday. Xovember 5, 1845. " October 1. 1808. Warren Chaffee A\illits. July t). 1847. (.October 30. igoi. John Lovelaiul LuUey, October 11. 1847. " b\"bruary _|. 100 J. "When musing on companions gone We doubly feel ourselves alone." Echoes from College Days. The second part of this Ijook is devoted to a record of events which give an outline of tlie history of the class dtiring the four years of its university life — from September 17, 1866, to June 29, 1870. I'or lack of space it can be only a summary of the experi- ences and achievements of the class during that time. Many items of interest must be omitted; but what is here recorded will awaken recollections of a multitude of other interesting incidents. Memory thus stimulated will furnish many an hour of pleasant reflection to the collegian of that time. Complete Class Roster. The following entered the university in September, 1866. The residence of each at that time is given. Those whose names are printed in italics were graduated in 1870. The courses taken were the classical, scientific. Latin, and select studies. Name. Course. Residence. Arthur Clark /hkuns, CI Washington, D. C. George Washington Allyn, CI Xankin, ]\lich. Albion Alexander Andrews, Sc Perry, X. Y. Abner Lewis Andrews, CI Otisfield, Me. Albert Everton Baldwin, Sc Abingdon. 111. John Albert BaUhvin, CI Detroit, Mich. Charles Ballcnger. CI IVillianisbitrg, Ind. Henry Hoyt Barlon', CI Hastings, Mich. George William Bates, CI Detroit, Mich. Jacob Beller, Jr., CI Detroit, Mich. Wooster Woodruff Benian, CI Ann Arbor, Mich. Henry Graves Bennett, CI Ann Arbor, Mich. .311 312 Class ok 'yo. 1'xim:ksitv of Mkiiu.an. Jiicison Slatfoni Bird. Sc Inn .Irbor. Mich. Jiiiius Abiraiii Blackburn. CI Inn Arbor. Mu'li. James Harrison Blanchard. CI //'// Arbor. Midi. Darius Fremont l>oughton. So West Xovi, ^lich. Charles Andrew Bowman. CI Peoria. 111. Patrick Henry Bnnil^ns. CI lackson. Mich. Cliarlcs Francis BnrtO)i. CI Hastings. }HcJi. Thomas Harper Bush. CI Gcucsco, 111. George Throop Campau. CI Detroit. }Hch. Charles Simeo>i Carter. Sc Faincater. II' is. Thomas Chalmers Christy. CI Ki)isman. 0. \'anium l^arstow Coohran. So Argentine. Mioh. Eugene Frank Cooley. CI -inn Arbor. Mtch. John Loz-elaml Culley. Sc Ishtabula. O. Edward Everett Darrow. CI Kinsman. O. Harlo:,' Palmer Davock. Sc Buttalo. X. Y. George Ellis Dawson. CI Springtield. III. JJ'illiam Rufus Lhiy. Sc Ravenna. 0. Charles Kecne Dodge. CI lackson. Mich. John Eoster Eastwood. CI Vnn Arbor. Mioh. Charles Stouton Edn'ards. Jr.. CI Lacon. III. Erank Enierick. So ^■psilanti. Mioh. Luther Elliott Ferguson. Sc H7;/7i- Pigeon. }Hch. Achilles Finley. CI High Point. Mo. George Jay French. CI Homer. Mich. Hamline Janes Gardner. CI Ann Arbor. Mioh. Willis Gaylord Graham. So Jonesville. Mioh. Erank Norton Greeley. Sel Oswego. X. Y. Frank Gunnison. So Erie. 1 a. Otis Erastus Haroi. CI '"" ^Irbor. }Hch. James Alfred Hayicard. Sc Dublin. X. II. James Dudley Hawks. So lUiftalo. X. V. James Campbell 1 loUiday, So North SpringticUl. Ta. IJki'AK'i MKNT (>\' Lni;KAri:Ki:, Scii'iXCK, AM) Akis. '513 Josfpli ('(jliiiiihns I lostdlcr, Sc Decatur, 111. Sanuicl kcifl^ars I \uv\ori\, Sc Ottawa, 111. James l^lvvanl Jackliii, (1 Uctrfnt, Midi. Jr.Ini \\'illi;mi j-.liiisnii. ( 1 Urlavaii, Wis. l-niiicis irnyliiiid Join's, CI //;// Arbur, Mich. I'jluard I'ortrr KinJ^^ Sc Ravenna, (J. Charles Jacoh Kliiliicr. Sc A^orA- lUrrcn, Ky. luirlc J<.linsoi) Kni-Iit, ( 1 Detroit, Mich. Henry Willis I>ake. Sc Clinton junction, Wis. Joseph Lee Lo,<,^an, CI Kcjckville, Ind. J lenry Lafayette Lf;re/., Sc (iennantovvn, O. GeorL(e I hnvard 1 .niluo],, (1 Detroit, Mich. Vincent Sin Hit l.trrcll, CI Inn Arbor, Mich. Milo /ill/nil Mitrsh, Sc Milford, Mich. ll'illiiun /■rccinan Mallhcws, CI Yp.silanti, Mich. William Cotter Maylniry, CI Detroit, Mich. Jr^hn Lisle Maxwell, Sc .\orris. 111. Zuin.ulius'Kcrnander .McCorniack, Sc Danville, ind. Michael Alexander Mcycndorff, Sc Nc-a' York City. Ccnri^c lVashin:^lon Mickic, Sc Stcrluii^, III. J(jhn Au.L^uslus .Mitclii'll, Sc Aun .Xrlior, Mich. Charles T. Moore, Sc l-'renifrnt, O. Bernard Moses, I. Unionville, Cunn. Eu.L(ene Charles .\(jrcross, CI Tecumseh, Mich. William Lucas ( ).<,a-, Sel Kni<,ditstown, Ind. Clark Olds, Sc I'-^ic, Pa. Darins Conisloek f'ennino;lon, Sc Macon, Mich. Fred I'erkins, CI liecket Center, Mass. Aaron I'crry, Sc Oakland, Mich. Maxwell .Addison l'hilli])s, CI Salina. Kan. Julius Jose],h I 'ollens. CI Ricliford, \'t. Lenjamin Tuslin Killam I'reston, CI Crass Lake, Mich. Henry Clay kipley, Sc Saginazv City, Mich. 314 Class of '70, University of IMiciik.ax. Samuel \'incent Romiq-, CI Superior, ]\Iich. Lloyd 15. Selbv. Sc Calamine. Wis. J}' ill ia III riciiry Scliock, Sc Prairici-illc. 111. Arthur Raymond Simmons, CI New 1 laven, X. Y. James Scott Smitli, Sc Warren, O. William Stagg^, CI \nn Arbor. Mich. ^lortinier lliram Stanford, Sc l'\>nton\ille, Mich. ]Valtcr Barlow Stcrciis, CI Peoria. 111. Leonard Eiiiiah Stocking, L lltcn's Cro:\\ Wis. Lucius Burric Sivift, L Yates, X . Y . Charles ]\ialoney Taylor. Sel Clinton. Ind. Rufus Hill Thayer, CI Xorthrille, Mich. Judson Newell Thompson. CI \nn .Arbor, Mich. Alc.vander Tlwiiison, Sc Morris III. .fames Fisher Ticeedy. CI Milwaukee, IT is. Peter J'oorheis, CI White Lake, .Mich. Samuel Wolcott Walker. Sc Wayne, Mich. JFilliaiii James lJ\iters, Sc Bedford, Mass. Greenleaf Cash Wattles, CI Lapeer, Mich. Oliver Hart JCatfles, Sc La[^eer. .\lieli. Albert William Weishrod, CI Oshkosh, Wis. Charles Rudolf^hus JJ'hitinaii, CI C/r/Vd'i^c, ///. Walter \\allace Williams, CI .Ann .\rbor. Alich. Jl'arreii ChatTee JJlllifs. Sc Idriaii. .Mich. Charles Cordon JCing, Sc Frauklinville, .X. ]'. The folUnving- joined the class in September, 1867: Sherman Sanford Avery, Sc b'orestville. N. Y. Delos .Allen Chappell. Sc Cooper, O. Williaiii Thoinas Emerson, Sc Racine, JVis. Robert Xezi'ton Fearon, CI Oneida, .V. Y. Edwin Fleming, CI West Lebanon. Lid. Eben Leander Hill, CI St. Clair. Mich. DjirAUTMENT OF LITERATURE, SciENCE, AND AkTS. 315 Frank Clark Hill, CI Waiipun, Wis. Frank Hozvard JIoxvc, CI Green Bay, Wis. U'ashiii^^toii llydc. L J'ariiiiii<^ton, O. John Seott Mall man, Sc Chicago, III. Joseph John Mills, Sc Valley Mills, Ind. Alfred Noble, Sc Nankin, Mich. Edward Frank Sox, Sc Sterlinj^, 111. Charles Mauley l^ells, Sc Gibson, Pa. The following- did not retnrn to the class in tlie fall of 1(867: Pienry G. Bennett John M. Mitchell \'. 15. Cochran Eiif2:cne C. .\orcross John V. Eastwood Fred Perkins Willis G. Graham S. Y. Roniig- h'rank Gunnison Lloyd V>. Selhy Edward P. King- M. H. Stanford Earle J. Knight The following- entered the class in vSeptemher, i(S68: Marcus Baker, CI Kalania.-joo, Mich. I' rank Bradley, CI Chatham, III. Clarence Morion Boss, Sc ]'psilaiili, Mich. James Dewey Burr, Sc I'err)-, Mich. Oscar James Campbell, CI Ravenna, O. Russell llrrclt, CI Alliance O. Morris Bishop Foster, Sc Keeler, Mich. Charles Phelps Gilbert, Sc Oiiincy, Fla. John Collins Hoivland, Sc I' lint, Mich. Oicen Fdgar I^c Fcvre, L llppecanoe, 0. IVilliam Lorenco Pcnficld, CI Hudson, Mich. Samuel Britton Price, CI Branchville, Fid. Hugh T. Reed, Sel Richmond, Ind. Orlando Lafayette Tindall, CI South Grove, III. Samuel Robertson Winchell, CI Lakeville, Conn. Fhomas IFvlie, CI Martin, Mich. 316 Class of '70, Uni\1£rsitv of Michigan. The followino- did not return to the class in September, 1868 ■ A. L. An(h-e\vs 'A. A. Andrews ' '.S. S. Avery' ' A. E. Baldwin Jacob Beller, Jr. Darius F. Rouf^hton Charles A. Bowman Delos A. ("ha])])cll Edward E. Darrow Frank Emcrick H. J. (lardner Frank X. Cireelc}' James 0. I lawks Eben L. Hill Frank C. Hill James C. Holliday Joseph C. Hostetler Samuel R. Hurford James E. Jacklin Ilenrv W. Lake Joseph L. Logan Henry L. Lbrenz" (k'oro-e IF Lothrop John L. Maxwell Win. C'. Maybury Z. i\. .McCormack Joseph J. Mills Cliarles T. Moore Win. L. Oo-e W. T. K. Preston Julius J. I'cllens James S. .*>mith W^illiam Stagg- A. R. Simmons b'dward b\ Sox Charles M. Taylor J. X. Thompson Sanuiel W. Walker dreenleaf C. Wattles W. W. Williams Entered the class in September, i86(;: Eiii^citr Kcfchiiiit, Sc Xcgaiiiuw Midi. These three did not return to the class in the fall of 1869: George W. .\llyn Hugh T. Reed Maxwell .\. IMiillips Di:i'ARr.MKi\'T OF LlTEKATUKK, SciKNCE, AND ArTS. 317 Class Meetings. Tlie first iiiecliii^- for organization of the class was held in the "old chapel" (n ( )ctoher 2y . 1866. \'. 1). Cochran was chairman and D. !'.. Knniler secretary. Darrow and Walter Johnson were tellers, Kinj;- and Thayer rei^isters. After an intermission of ten minutes the class proceeded to hallot for officers and the following were elected : Vincent S. Lovell President Albion A. Andrews \'ice-President Earle J. Knis^ht Secretary Charles S. Carter Treasurer Charles J. Kintner Seer James E. Jacklin Historian Z. K. McCormack Toastmaster I'atrick II. r)Uni])us Marshal Adjournment was then taken for one week and the election of orator, poet and musical director deferred until the next meeting. November 3, 1866. Meeting called to order by the president, Kumler appointed secretary pro-tem. The class proceeded to complete its corps of officers and elected George T. Campau Orator Walter Johnson I'oet John A. Paldwin Musical Director Earle J. Knight presented his resignation as secretary and the class thereu]:)on accepted it and elected Rufus H. Thayer to fill the vacancy. November 24, 1866. President Lovell presided : Thayer, secretary. On motion a comnnttee, consisting of Campau, McCormack and Lovell, was selected to design and re])ort ffir ado])tion an apj^ropriate class seal. Class adjourned for one week. 318 Class of '70, University of Michigan. December i, 1866. The meeting; was called to order by the president. The com- mittee on class seal made its report, presenting a design for a seal. The report was received and the seal adopted as our class seal. Bates, Darrow and Blackburn were appointed a committee to have the design engraved. January, 1867. President Lovell called the meeting to order, the object being to replenish the treastiry. On motion a per capita tax of twenty- five cents was levied and the treasurer instructed to collect the same. June I, 1867. The class met in the "old chapel" with Lovell presiding; Thayer, secretary. Emerick moved that a committee of four — two from each section of the class — be appointed to select a place for holding our class supper. Phillips moved an amendment that the committee have full power to hx the time and place for the supper. The resolution as amended was carried. The president appointed Christy, O. H. Wattles, Emerick and Oge as the committee. Campau moved that a committee of four be appointed to prepare a bill of fare and a program for the occasion. This was carried and the president appointed Campau, Bush, Moses and Davock as such committee. It was then moved and carried that a com- mittee of five be appointed to advise and report upon a hat or cap for adoption by the class for sophomore year. The following were selected as the committee : Hawks, A. A. Andrews, A. L. Andrews, Lovell and Day. A motion to the effect that the class supper is not to cost over three dollars per plate and that we have nothing stronger than lemonade for drink was carried. To be historically accurate, it should be stated that it appears by the class record that the class secretary very reluctantly wrote down this last resolution. Df.I'Aktment of LiTKRATLRi!:, Scikxcf, and Auts. 319 June 4, 1867. President Lovell called meeting- to order in the "old chapel." Thayer, secretary. The committee on program for class supper reported the order of exercises. Report was received and on mo- tion the marshal was instructed to read the same at the class sup- per. The committee to decide upon the place for the supper re- ported that the Gregory House had heen selected. This report was adopted and the committee authorized to print 300 programs for the occasion. Octoher 12, 1867. Meeting called to order by President Lovell in the old chapel. The committee on class cap reported and presented samples of different styles with prices. On motion a cap with square mortar board top with tassel, costing two dollars and seventy-five cents each, was adopted. The same committee was continued and re- quested to ascertain the number of caps wanted by the class and to give orders for the same to be made and delivered. It was then moved and carried to proceed to the election of class officers for sophomore year. The following were elected : Charles S. Carter President Eben Leander Hill \'ice-President Warren C. \\'illits Secretary Walter B. Stevens Treasurer George E. Dawson Orator Henry C. Ripley Poet Maxwell A. Phillips Historian Milo E; Marsh Seer Henry L. Lorenz Toastmaster William J. Waters ^Marshal Thomas H. Bush Musical Director November 8. 1867. The class met in the law lecture room, \'ice-President Hill in the chair; Willits, secretary. The meeting was called to consider 320 Class of '70, University of Michigan. and act upon the suggestion made by Prof. Moses Coit Tyler that the class inaugvtrate a custom of having a public exhibition by the sophomore class. ()n motion the class decided to act upon the suggestion and passed a resolution favoring the giving of a sophomore exhibition. November 2 7,. 1867. Aleeting called in the law lecture room by the president. On motion it was decided to continue the publication of The Oracle, an annual first published by class of '69. Motion was made and carried that eight editors of The Oracle be elected by acclamation. The following were elected : George T. Campau Cieorge E. Dawson Charles S. Carter Frank Emerick Thomas C. Christy \'incent S. Lovell Edward E. Darrow Greenleaf C. Wattles February 20. 1868. President Carter called the class together in the law lecture room. Motion made and carried that six be appointed a commit- tee to engage mvisic, ushers and make all needful arrangements for the first sophomore exhibition to be held on evening of March 4. 1868. The president appointed as the committee: William C. Maybury Harlow P. Davock Julius A. Blackburn Edwin Fleming John A. Baldwin Frank Emerick On motion a tax of fifty cents each was levied on the members of the class for meeting expenses of music on the occasion. February 24, 1868. Meeting in the law lecture room, President Carter presiding; Willits, secretary. On motion the tax authorized by the last meet- ine: was increased to one dollar on each member. April 21, i< The president called a meeting in the "'old chapel" for the pur- pose of making arrangements for our second sophomore exhibi- Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 321 tion. On motion the following were selected as a committee to secure music and to make all necessary arrangements : Campau, Carter, Haven, j\Iarsh, Noble, Stevens, Stocking- and Wing. A tax of one dollar each was authorized by motion for the expenses to be incurred. May 23, 1868. Meeting in the law lecture room for purpose of electing a board of editors of the University Chronicle for the following school year. A formal ballot was taken and the following declared elected : Lovell, Darrow, Carter, McCormack. Christy and Davock. June 13, 1868. President Carter called a meeting in the law lecture room. Mr. McCormack presented his resignation as one of the editors of the Chronicle and Edwin Fleming was elected to fill vacancy. On motion it was decided to have a class supper at Hangstefers on Tuesday evening, June i6th, and a conmiittee consisting of Blackburn, Thayer and Thomson was appointed to make all ar- rangements. September 17, 1868. The president called a meeting" in the law lecture room. The question of erecting apparatus on the campus for gymnastic exer- cise was discussed and on motion the follow^ing were appointed a committee to investigate the practicability and probable cost of temporary apparatus : Maltman, Meyendorff, Blackburn, Whit- man and Day. September ig, 1868. Meeting of the class called in the law lecture room, Carter, president, in the chair; Willits, secretary. The object of the meet- ing was stated by the president to be the election of some one to fill the vacancy in the board of editors of the University Chronicle, caused by the absence from college of Darrow, who did not re- turn in junior year. On motion a ballot was taken and Rufus H. Thayer declared elected to fill the vacancy. 22 322 Class of '70, University of Michigan. September 26, 1868. Meeting in the law lecture room was called by the president to hear report of committee appointed to investigate as to cost and practicalnlity of erecting on the campus apparatus for gymnastic exercise. Maltman, chairman, reported probable cost of putting tip a pair of swings, horizontal bars, ladders and parallel bars. The report was adopted by the class ami the committee was con- tinued as a construction committee with full power to carry out the plans proposed. October 24, 1868. Meeting called in the law lecture room by the president for purpose of election of class officers for junior year. On motion it was decided to postpone the election until the 27th of October in the old chapel. October 27, 1868. Meeting called by the president in the old chapel pursuant to adjournment for purpose of electing officers for current school year. On motion the election held with the following result : Charles G. Wing President Alfred Noble \'ice-President George J. French Secretary Charles M. Wells Treasurer William L. Penfield Orator Charles J. Kintner Poet Thomas Wylie Historian Alexander Thomson Seer James A. Hay ward Toastmaster William J- Waters Marshal November 21. 1868. President Wing called a meeting in the law lecture room im- mediately after chapel exercises. On motion the plan proposed by Prof. Moses Coit Tyler for appointments for the junior ex- Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 323 hibition was adopted. The plan was as follows : Each member of the class to write an anonymous article to be inspected by the faculty who, without knowing- the authors, to select therefrom the requisite number according to merit and to appoint their re- spective authors. On motion Ballinger, Howe and Le Fevre were appointed to report the action of the class to Prof. Tyler. On motion a committee consisting- of Campbell, Barlow and Bush, was appointed to consult and report as to the advisability of adopting a class cane. November 24, 1868. Meeting called in the old chapel, President Wing in the chair; French, secretary. A motion was made and carried that the ac- tion of the class in regard to the plan of appointments for junior exhibition be reconsidered. A motion was made that the old plan of appointments, that is, leaving it entirely in the hands of the faculty, be approved. After extended discussion bv several speakers who advocated various methods the matter was post- poned for one week. . December i, 1868. Meeting called by the president in Webster hall. The dis- cussion as to methods of appointments for junior exhibition was continued and a vote Ijeing taken the motion leaving appointments entirely with the faculty was carried. The chairman, Campljell, of committee on class cane reported recommending a cane similar to that of '69 — malacca stick, head of solid ivory with a gold band on which the owner's name to be engraved ; cost $7.50. A motion was made and carried that a class cane be adopted. January 9, i86(). Class met in the law lecture room immediatelv after chapel exercises. Both president and vice-president l)eing absent, the meeting was called to order by Secretary French. P^resident Wing having gone away from the universitv for an indefinite time it 324 Class of '70, University of Michigan. was moved and carried that the vacancy caused by his absence be filled. Ballot was taken and T. Chalmers Christy w'as declared elected president for the balance of junior year. Thayer there- upon resigned as one of the editors of the University Chronicle and Bernard Moses duly elected to fill the vacancy. January 20, 1869. President Christy called a meeting- of the class in the law lecture room following chapel exercises. Davock presented his resignation as one of the editors of the L'niversity Chronicle and S. R. Winchell was duly elected to fill the vacancy. January 30, 1869. Class met immediately after chapel exercises. The president and vice-president being absent, Secretary French called the meet- ing to order. Noble, vice-president, being absent from the uni- versity for an indefinite term his resignation was presented by Ripley and the class duly elected John C. Howland to fill the va- cancy. Campbell, chairman of class cane committee, presented for consideration his report, which was in substance the same as that made on Deceml)er i, 1868, viz.: recommending a malacca stick, the head of ivory with a silver band on which the owner's name might be engraved. On motion this style of a cane was adopted, except that the band be of gold instead of silver. On motion a committee of three — Thayer, Ballenger and Penfield — w^as appointed to decide upon a suitable present to be made to Professor George P. Williams. Alarch 16, 1869. President Christy called a meeting of the class in the law lecture room for the purpose of considering the question of obtain- ing suitable nmsic for the junior exhibition. On motion it was decided that a committee of six be appointed to confer with com- mittees of the law and medical departments on the subject. The following were appointed as the committee : Olds, A'oorheis, Davock, French, Bates and Ripley. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 325 May 19, 1869. Meeting' called by the president in Prof. Tyler's recitation room. On motion it was decided that the class have a supper to be served on Monday night of examination week. The follow- ing" were appointed a committee of arrangements : Carter, Tweedy and Campbell. It was moved and carried that the class glee club be requested to entertain the class with music on the occasion. June I. 1869. The class was called to order by the president immediately after recitation in chemistry for purpose of deciding upon the hour of holding the class supper this evening. On motion the hour was fixed at half past eight o'clock. October 16, 1869. Meeting called in the law lecture room immediately after chapel exercises by President Christy to take action with reference to providing music for chapel exercises. On motion Blackburn and Fleming were appointed a committee to confer with com- mittees from the other classes with regard to the matter. November 6, 1869. Class met in the law lecture room following chapel exercises. The president stated that the object of the meeting was to as- certain the wishes of the class in the matter of photographs of each member. It was stated that large photographs could be secured at twenty-two dollars per hundred. After considerable discussion a motion was made and carried that the class secure such photographs, and that a committee of three be designated to canvass the class and ascertain how many photographs would be wanted. The committee consisted of Christy, Thayer and Lovell. On motion it was decided to elect officers for the senior year at the next meeting to be held one week from this date. 326 Class of '70, University of Michigan. November 13, 1869. President Christy called the meeting to order in the old chapel pursuant to adjournment for the purpose of electing class officers for the ensuing- year. Davock was elected secretary pro-tem in the absence of Secretary French. ( )n motion the class proceeded to elect officers by ballot, and the following were duly declared elected : George E. Dawson President Charles P. Gilbert Mce-President Harlow P. Davock Secretary Henry C. Ripley Treasurer Bernard Moses Orator Edwin Fleming Poet Walter 15. Stevens Historian Charles G. Wing Seer Oscar J. Campbell Musical Director Patrick H. Bumpus Toastmaster Julius A. Blackburn Marshal Rufus H. Thayer Magister Edendi A\'illiam R. Day Magister Bibendi John A. Baldwin Steward The committee on class photographs made a report, but no action was taken thereon. The subject of a university cap was brought before the class and received the approval of nearly every member, but no action was taken with reference to the matter. After some discussion the marshal was instructed to vote for certain persons for chief marshal on the occasion of the first "Uni- versity Day." November 15, 1869. President Dawson called a meeting of the class in the law lecture room following chapel exercises ; Davock, secretary. It was stated that Blackburn, our class marshal, had been selected as assistant grand marshal for "University Day" and on motion Alexander Thomson was appointed temporarily to act as class marshal on that occasion. I)!:i'ARTMENT OF LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ArTS. 327 Novemljer 27, 1869. Meeting of the class called in the law lecture room, President Dawson in the chair. The report of the committee on "University Day" was presented and a tax of 75c per capita was authorized to meet the expenses. The treasurer was instructed to purchase a covering- for the l^anner. Christy, chairman of committee on class photographs, reported that fifty-six memhers of the class desired the large photographs. (Jn motion the committee was authorized to engage Mr. Warner, an Eastern artist, to take the pictures. The subject of senior vacation was brought up, and it was de- cided to petition the facult}' that the usual vacation be granted the class on condition that the members would return for com- mencement exercises. Such a petition was drawn up, signed and sent to the faculty. December 3. 1869. The president called a meeting immediately after recitation in metaphysics. Christv, chairman of committee on class photo- graphs, reported that Air. \\'arrcn had offered to take the photo- graphs at twenty dollars per hundred. On motion of Penning- ton the proposition was accepted. Campbell moved that a com- mittee to make arrangements for class day be appointed ; carried. The following were appointed : Campbell, Carter, Campau, Lovell and Maltman. Penfield suggested that a mastodon be pre- sented by the class to the university. Perry moved that a com- mittee be appointed ; carried. Perry and Baker were appointed as the committee. January 8, 1870. Meeting called by the president. Fleming presented his resignation as class poet. On motion class adjourned for one week. January 10, 1870. Special meeting called immediately after chapel exercises in the law lecture room for the purpose of taking action on the re- cent death of our classmate. John \V. Johnson. ( )n motion Wing 328 Class ok 70, Univkksitv of IMicihgax. and Stocking- were desigiiated to escort the remains to the home of the parents of deceased at Delavan. Wisconsin. A tax of one dollar per member was levied for the funeral expenses of oin* late classmate. Lovell presentetl the following, which was adt^pted as the sentiments of the class : "W e are unexpectedly called to mourn the loss of one who, by his character, his uniform courtesy, kindness, ami ntotlest bear- ing, had endeared himself to us all. His many good t|ualities. his reserved and unassuming maimer, his prompt performance of every duty, had gained for him the respect of all who knew him. We who have met him in the class room shall especially feel his loss, and shall cherish his memor\ more and more as the days go by. To his family, in their sad and sudden bereavement, we offer our heartfelt sympathy. Theirs is the greater loss, ^'et we may assure them that though away from home, he was not without frientls. 'Siciv the father of all comfort them in their aftlictioii."' C )n motion it was ordered that two hundrcil copies o\ the fore- going lie printed. Ripley, the treasurer, aimounced that he luul purchased crape for the tise of the members of the class. The expenditure was duly autliorized. The class then adjourned to attend in a body the funeral services at the Methodist church. January 15. 1870. ^Meeting calletl to order in the law lecture room by the [)resi- dent pursuant to adjournment for puqiose of electing a class poet in place of Fleming, resigned. Several ballots were taken, but no one receiving a majority vote the class, on motion of Lovell. ad- jonrnetl for another week. Jamtary 22. 1870. President l^awson calletl meeting to ortler pursuant to ad- journment; Davock. secretary. ( )n motion the class proceeded to ballot for class poet and John S. Mahman was declared duly elected. Dlil'AKTMENT OI' LlTllKATUKi;, ScUiNCK, AND AR] S. 329 J'\-l)ruar\- \J. 1K70. The president called a meeting" to consider the aflvisability of procuring a statue of Benjamin Franklin as a gift from the class to the university. Campbell, Campau and were ap]joinled a committee to ascertain expense oi a suitable statue, and to arrange for class day exercises. March 2. 1870. Meeting called ])\- the ])resident tanklin and on class day exercises. Campbell reported cost of statue about $213.00, and cost of music for class day $150. He also presented program of exercises as arranged, including exercises at the church, exercises on the campus, unveiling the statue, dancing on the green, etc. ( )n motion the report was laid on the table for one week. Campau was duly elected to deliver the address at the unveiling of the statue. ( )n motion of How- 330 Ci-ASS OF '70, University of Michigan. land it was decided to leave with the university a class album con- taining photographs of the nieml)ers of the class. A tax of three dollars per cajiita was levied to meet the expenses of class dav. April 30, 1870. Meeting pursuant to adjournuK'nt, President Dawson in the chair; Davock. secretary. The report of committee on class day laid on the table at last meeting was ado])ted. .\ committee con- sisting of Baker. Lovell and . was a|)i)ointed to obtain a class medal. r>um]ms was elected to receive the medal as the ugliest man in the class and Thomson was elected to present it. May 19, 1870. Meeting called for the purpose of taking action in relation to a class supper. ( )n motion a committee, consisting of Day,. Ballenger and Pennington, was appointed to make arrangements for a supper. May 20. 1870. President Dawson called a meeting and on motion appointed committee, of which Lovell was chairman, to procure music for class day. A tax of two dollars per capita was levied for expenses. May 25. 1870. ^Meeting called by the president to hear report of committee on music, but the committee wanted further time in which to hear from Detroit. C'ampau reported that the statue of Franklin could l)e JM-onzed at an expense of ten dollars, which was authorized. Ballenger reported as to cost of class supper, and one costing seventv-five cents \^ev plate at Hangstefer's was authorized. June I, 1870. The president called meeting of the class at Hangstefer's im- mediatelv after class supper for purpose of deciding upon the time of our first post-graduate re-union. It was moved and carried Dki'aktment of Litekature, Sciiixcii, and Aki's. 331 that our first rc-iinion l)e at commencement in 1873. three years hence. The followini^- were elected to rei)resent the class on that occasion : George T. Campau ( )rator John S. Maltman Alternate jMarcus Baker Poet Edwin I'leming- Alternate Charles S. Carter Secretary It was moved and carried that each memher of the class write to the secretary at least once a year, giving his address at that time and information concerning himself for the class record to he kept hy the secretar}-. It was moved and carried that the customary silver cup he presented at cur first re-union to the classmate who shall first become father in lawful wedlock of a "male ho v." From Freshman September to Senior June. The official sketch of the class, by Walter B. Stevens, class historian in senior year, read by him on class-day, June i, 1870, contains so many interesting facts and is so much more complete than any review which can now be produced from memory that we deem it advisable to preserve it in this book. It is as follows: From one standpoint the classes of a generation ma}- he said to have the same history. Alike they all show successively those traditional characteristics belonging to each of the four ages of student life. They plod through the same routine of study, and the same college belles enliven their leisure moments. I kit in another view each class has an individual history, a record of acts and traits peculiarly its own. This, it seems to me, is the true field for the class historian. Therefore, within the limits of our course. September 17. 1866, and June 29, 1870, to those deeds and characteristics which distinguish this class from all others, I shall confine myself as closely as possil)le. So without further 332 L'l.Ass (_)!•■ '70, Ui\i\i':i read more of Homer than an}- previous class. This was just after Derbv's excellent translations appeared. The proposition of '69 to give our best ponyist a silver spur was indignantly declined. Whenever the whole class has been assembled we have had to oc- cupy "old chapel." If professors then beheld this large class Dkpartment of Literature, Sctence, and Arts. 335 dwindle to the size of its predecessors, tliose half partitions and convenient back windows were alone to l)lanie. Our accomplishments, in the qeneral use of the term, are not numerous. However, we all take pride ; two, in their powers of conversation ; twfi, in their musical talents ; three, in the abilitv to mind their own business; three, in their good manners; two, in playing cards ; and two, in mashing" hearts, whatever that is. Forty-six members of the class sing ; fifty-eight play croquet and chess ; sixty-four pla}' checkers ; twenty-six "make a joyful noise" on musical instruments, if we include in this categorv the Jew's harp and bones. Our social relations have been most agreeable, both among ourselves and with the rest of the world. Social culture is a hobby we ride pretty often. Even the most ascetic have l)een drawn into the net through sheer sympathy. There is one bashful man who just before an entertainment, walks soberly up to the house where several sisters live. He knocks with an air of business, and then invariably requests the company of the one who opens the door. This is a fact. Once we were sadly disgraced, and that was when a former class president attempted to carry off a napkin at one of our receptions. One of our men cut holes through both window and curtain to see how a member of '69 would l)ehave in making a call. Two men braved the pestilence and caught the "Ypsilanti measles." One records the observation that "measles, girls and study don't mix worth a cent." The "Judge" also had a bit of experience. He was introduced one evening on the street to a lady from the country. With his usual gallantry he oiTered to escort her home. The}' took mutual glances of admiration under every lamp post, until they came to that long hill on Spring street, and then the "Judge" groaned aloud. The spirit indeed was will- ing, but the flesh was very heavy. Our matrimonial statistics, it is hoped, are correct. Ten mem- bers of the class are engaged, and one has "a sort of understanding — call it what you will ;" eight have pledged their troth once, and then unpledged it again. One beardless youth confesses to 27 of 336 Class of '70, University of Michigan. these pledges. He was raised in Massachusetts, and prepared for college in the Union School. This is the only explanation I can offer. Twenty-eight men have received encouragement, and 40 expect to be engaged in the course of human events; 61 admire the ladies in general ; 36, those of Ann Arljor in particular ; 25 have a "weakness" for socials; 31 dote on what the poets call "pledges of affection." Next to love comes money. Leaving out those classmates who live in the place, we have spent over $100,- 000, or an average of $1,500 apiece. Three men have spent $3,000 each ; it has cost one man only $675 ; 12 men have supported them- selves entirely ; 7, partially. Politically our minds are made up as follows : Republicans, 56 ; Democrats, 1 1 : neutrals, 5 ; rebel, I ; coming free trade party, 1 ; 26 believe in woman's suffrage, and 35 in prohibition ; 46 are no7C in favor of the admission of ladies into the university. Our 2,3 church members are divided among 7 churches : Methodists, 1 1 ; Presbyterians, 9 ; Congregationalists, 6; Baptists. 4; Christian, i ; Independent, 1. Part n. This part will doubtless impress you with an idea of our mus- cular Christianity, and perhaps something worse. Yet I oft'er no apology for introducing the following facts. This is class his- tory, not class eulogy. Some of our "unfruitful works of dark- ness" are to be regretted, and few of them are worthy of imita- tion. Still our "secret history" nuist not be entirely passed by. When freshmen, we duly aided and abetted in that memorable raid on the stove pipes of south college. Burleson's door we con- nected with the one across the street in such a manner that when either was opened the bell opposite would ring. There was enough of bell ringing, door banging, and loud swearing that night to satisfy any lover of practical jokes. Then a barricade was constructed across the Ypsilanti road. It was composed of sundry clothes lines, the gates of several professors, part of Win- chell's old fence, a superannuated wagon, etc., etc. At the same time an appropriate sign was suspended with Nagley's rope in Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 337 front of the law building-. Later in the spring the steward's young plants were covered several inches deep with university hav. LTp to this time we acted in concert with juniors, but no longer. In imitation of the "Father of his Country," we cut down a grove of scrubby evergreens, which surrounded the cenotaph. They had long been a source of frequent profanity among ball plavers. Threats never had the desired eiifect on our class. To this a cral)bed old fellow, who used to live on Baldwin's hill, can well testify. He threatened to shoot any student found on his prem- ises, and then woke up one morning to find his chinuiey packed with brush and paper, with a filling of sand and mud. Finally after freshman class supper we "lifted" sidewalks on Division, State, Washington and Huron streets, serenaded the Union School girls, and smashed a few windows in old chapel, "just for inci- dentals," one tipsy fellow said. That night w^e were fired at on Huron street and reprimanded by Burleson, Watson and one of the "City Fathers." The Biblical story of the man who "took to himself seven other evil spirits," has a sort of application to our sophomore year. First the Sigma Tau society was founded, an organization intended to "take in" everybody. The constitution was a literary curiosity for which Bacchus was chiefly responsible. The initiation and the disorder of exercises cannot be described. Halls were occupied in all parts of town, but given up as soon as rent was demanded. Half a dozen freshmen were "smoked out." This is how some were "taken in." Once we were victimized, and that was when we called on Letheman. He invited us in and then slipped out, locking the door behind him. Soon after this a lot of tar l^arrels at the foot of State street were rolled up the hill and burned. Men were stationed about town to give the alarm of fire, but they only partially did their duty. Then we stole Mundy's chickens, the feathers and "omens" being returned with the compliments of a certain professor. Another night a party took possession of several boats and went up the river. But this only ended in a big scare, the boys hurrying ofif and leaving the fowls half cooked. An attempt to steal Winchell's chickens 338 Class of '70, University of Michigan. failed. More successful was a raid on the hen roosts of a good Methodist brother. He had charged one member of the class, when a freshman, for half a meal. That half meal lasted two semesters, and eleven chickens constituted one item. Ijut chicken stealing" was soon reduced to a science. A committee on poultry was appointed simply from time to time, and no questions asked. One night a huge barbecue was held in schools girls' glen. The next time we went in an opposite direction and stole a barrel of cider. It was rolled into town as far as the skating park, and there divided. Two men (one of them is now maintaining the majesty of the law ) sawed ofif three stout posts which the steward put down to replace one of the stiles. A professor had kindly got his saw sharpened, nevertheless it took full two hours. When that unlucky steward opened his door next morning those posts fell on his feet. He was either engaged in his morning devotions, or else he broke the third commandment. Late in the winter the idea of a burlesque on the jimior exhibition was broached. It will be remembered that, when freshmen, we pledged to discounten- ance all such documents. The promise was put in one scale, the force of long established custom in the other, and with a few the love of truth kicked the beam. Almost within a fortnight the money was raised, the manuscript written, and published in De- troit. Then there was some delay in finding a man trusty enough to go and get them, b^inally. the last Inirlesques came into Ann Arbor one Saturday night in the same car and just across the aisle from a professor. The next evening the city was divided and the burlesques distributed. There were strange mishaps that Sunday night. One man's private papers got into bad company and were dealt out with programmes. A stalwart Kentuckian scaled a high fence in a manner which would have been creditable enough if he hadn't torn his clothes so badly and been running awav from a very small dog. The excitement on the following morning was subdued but deep. The faculty meetings soon be- came very frequent and apparently very interesting. Two mem- bers of the class were notified that thev might leave. Matters Dki'Artment 01- LrriiRATLiKi':, Sciknck, and Arts. 339 generally looked serious. Premature graduation isn't so pleasant to look upon when it stares one rii^ht in the faee. This was in April. The spring months were eoming on. and the i)leasant nights favored aetive operations again. Now the eellar of the law hnilding is divided, as some of yon know, hy several parti- tions, in the northwest eorner is a room corresponding to that one on the first lioor where the faculty meet. ( )ne dark night just after the spring vacation, several memhers of the class en- tered the cellar, no matter how, carrying the famous hull's-eye lantern and a huge l)uncli of keys, borrowed from a locksmith down town. i\e}s were found to fit the various locks. The car- penter's hest chisels were taken to cut screws and render holts useless. Mnally nine large holes were bored in the Hoor of the faculty room, covered then, as now, with coarse matting. Into this corner room of the cellar came diiTerent members of '70, night after night. Strange remarks were made in those faculty meetings, and duly reported outside by the "lower-house faculty," as the boys facetiously termed themselves. Professors talked with the utmost freedom. Our respective characters were de- scrihetl in no very flattering terms. All who could be suspected of connection with the hnrlescpie came in for a double share of attention. Different men were called up from time to time. But "forewarned is to be forearmed," and they all gave testimony which, for ohscurity and uselessness, would have done credit to Sam Weller. There was a dead-lock in professorial plans. It was the class of "70 against the faculty, and we kept the inside track until some time in May. Then the university records for a dozen years were missing. A broken window and a frightened law librarian were the only traces of the perpetrators. Yet the class of '70 was immediately requested in pretty plain language to bring back those records. Now I would have this distinctly under- stood ; our class did not steal the records. Another class took them and buried them. We knew nothing of the affair until the aforesaid request was made. But this last act, it seems, was fol- lowed by a thorough examination of the cellar. The game was 340 Class of '70, Unuersitv of Michigan. up for us, and a trap was set. At the next meetiiii^- the janitor was postetl below to give the alarm. The ])oys entered the eellar that night as nsnal, antl made iheir \\;n' ((uieth- to the room. The door was opened and the rays of the dark lantern thrown direetly in the janitor's face. For a few moments there was dead silence, then an aw ful yell and a crash of glass, hive minutes later the 'iower-lKuise faculty"" halted in the cemetery to take breath. At the crv of the janitor the waiting" professors scattered about the campus, but with poor success. It was the old story of the fresh- man's plea over again. Several men were summoned from their beds, but with little satisfaction. It was well towards morning when the faculty adjourned. I however, the time was not spent to no purpose. The steward, while muler the influence of some freak of econotuy, had covered the college walks with ashes. Now, on that very night certain members of the class had made arrangements to tear u]) all the walk from south college to the pebble of '62. The ashes were to be scrapetl up and deposited in certain chimneys. Tools were collected, and we waited long for the professors to disperse. I'efore morning we knew wh\- our plans had been thwarted. You remember what followed : how one after another oi the class was called before the facult)-, until it was rumored that all our names were put into a hat, then shaken up, and the lot drawn in the good old Roman way. At length it was understood that a compromise ciudd be effected if the records were returned. Immediate expulsion was the other alternative. From anonymous sources we learned that on a certain night the records might be found in the corner of Professor Sager's yard, ddience they were taken and iKuuknl over to a certain professor at his home, about midnight. Von know the result : how the class was decimated almost in a single day. Here very jiroperly ends this part i^i our history. To be sure Professor Douglass' horse and cutter were taken out one night the following winter, and several members of the class amply supplied with university wood. lUu this was charity. We also trieil to get exammation papers a number of times, but with poor Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 341 success. Once we broke into Professor Evans' room and took the wrongs paper. How we worked all day vSunday, on the sound doctrine thai a man should i^et his ridini,'' animal out of the pit even on the Sabbath ; how we j^ot up early Monday morning', and then how we were disappointed. 1 need not tell. Another time it was impossible to burst open Professor Williams" door. So after nearly breaking one man's head, we lowered a little fellow from the fourth story. As the result of our misdeeds, six men have been expelled, three suspended, and a very indefinite number re- primanded. Several rewards have been offered, but no man, I think, ever arrested. To those interested in the habits and fcjllies of the class 1 would say. that 9 men chew tobacco; 31 smoke; 25 swear; 28 drink beer; 22 something stronger. Incidentally. 51 use tea; 57 cofifee. b'orty-six play cards, and 21 billiards; 31 wear rings; 14 carry canes; 25 support "plugs." All but five have "ponied" — you know what that means ; 53 in preparing for recita- tion ; 54 in recitation ; and 63 on examination. Forty-one have had a slight "difference of opinion" with the folks in the house; 24 have "borrowed" wood. I use that word in a technical sense. Eight have "pulled chickens from the roost ;" 46 have stolen fruit. Part III. But passing our imperfections by, I come now to the third and last part. This contains certain isolated facts having little connection with what has preceded or with each other. Although the class has numbered 134 diiTerent members; 50 of the original 99 will graduate. Of the remainder who have dropped out, 3. at least, are married; 17 are in other classes or colleges. One of our number, during the last year of the course, has been called to the better land. The rest are scattered, teach- ing, practicing law, engaged in business, all honorable men. In the class as now constituted there is the usual complement of odd names. Some suggestive of Biblical characters, others of admir- ing kinsfolk. For example : Simeon. Emiah, Jacob, Abiram, Elijah; also Patrick Henry, Chalmers, Scott, Clay, LaFayette, 342 Class of "70, Uxivkksitv of Michigan, and two \\'asliingtons. Charles is the popular name. \\'e have ten of them, antl half as many Georoes. ^\ni all remember how the roll was called in chapel : when the names Schock, Stag'g", Stocking, Sox, called out applause from dur hereditary foes. Also how it wounil up suiigestively in chemistry with Ketchnm, Markham. Price. Scmie one said that meant business for Trice. Oi nicknames we have plent\. "Judge."" ■"(ireelev."' "Chick." "Prex" antl "Cham" will serve to illustrate. Physically the class averages well. We have few bodily defects. Two men sulfer from ha\ing the heart on the right side; one from a ])alpitati(in of that organ in the ]-)resence of young ladies: two humbl\- acknowl- edge the C(irn on their feet ; and one has ingrowing toe nails, lie is the man who tried to sell us a pair of shoes two years ago. They were half an inch too short for him. The physical statistics will be given more fullv cm the chart ; but one or two facts may be worthy of mention. We have a taller, a shorter, a heavier, a lighter, an older and a \-omiger man than '69 had. Onv average weight, average height and average age are all less than those of the classes of '08 and "0(). ( )nce we were given the problem in physics, to determine how large a man ap- pears in his own e_\es. Later a professor despairingh- told us that if the whole class could be simmered down to one man, he thought that anthropological conglomerate would be ht to graduate. Here is something to think about. Physically 1 su]-)i)ose this motlel youth would be the average man of the class. Mentally and morally he would possess the aggregate sum t(Ual oi all our wit. wisdom and virtue. A fearful combination, and 1 only enter into particulars of the first qualitications. We will christen the youth Scz'cnfy. He is 5 feet g inches high ; and his age is 2;^ years 5 months and 21 days; so you see his birthday falls on December 10. He weighs 138 pounds and his chest, after inhalation, meas- ures ^j\ inches, which shows "a wery good power of suction." He wears a number 7 hat and number 7 boots, has blue eyes and brown hair, and his temperament is a nu'xtin^e of the billions, sanguine, lymphatic and nervous. So much for the lad. The Di:i'.\kT.MENT OF LiTKRATUKE, Science, AND Arts. 343 professor made him ; therefore let him ])ass for a fi,£^ure of speech. We have 28 favorite ]ir()se anth(jrs. Macaulay is most popular; hjiierson follows; Xcd liuntline and Artemas Ward close the list. Of the 17 favorite poets, Shakespeare has 15 admirers, livron i r. We have 46 favorite slan.s^ expressions ; "j^osh" is the most classi- cal, hut "doi^i^one it" the most popular. The class also has an especial ai)prcciation for 35 different sonars. Shoo My first, then Home, Sweet Home, Captain Jinks, Coronation, Dixie, and Old Hundred. As for the studies of the course, 13 express a prefer- ence for mathematics, 10 f(;r natural history. 9 for Greek, 9 for modern languaj^es, 6 for histcjry, 6 luental, moral and social science, 6 I.atin. 3 physics and human nature. When left to our own choice we recreate in 29 different ways ; 1 1 walk, 6 sleep, others eat, flirt, saw wood, ])lay croquet, hilliards, and cards, j^o to church, read ".Sketches of Creatitjn" and study "Iduman In- tellect."" h'inally we confess to a "weakness" for 33 dift'erent dishes; oysters first, hash and the wash-dish last. On two thin_^s we are agreed; first, we do ncjt regret our ccjllege course; second, 53 will go to Europe sometime, perhaps. And now a word in conclusion in regard to our former his- tory, pedigree and prospects. I'orty-two have narrowly escaped death. ( )ne nian has heen drowned three tiiues, crushed once, strangled once, and shot many times. Xo wonder he is the smallest in the class. We also have the first man who can hail this university grandmother; for his father was here before him. Two of the class fought for the South, 16 for the North, one sent a substitute. Another was in the Polish revolution of '63. He was captured, and in solitary confinement seven months. His first sentence, to serve for life as a soldier in the Russian army, was changed to I)anishment for life to Siberia. Through the in- tervention of our government he obtained his freedom in March, 1866. One member of the class was lilind seven years. Twenty- four have been connected with other classes either here or else- where. One was in '69, but "had to leave on account of bad com- pany." As for our pedigree, two are descended from college 344 Class of '70, University of Michigan. presidents, and one from a fisherman; 35 are sons of farmers; 18 of business men ; 8 of lawyers ; 4 of clergymen ; 3 of doctors ; and I of an author. Only 5 will follow the occupation of their fathers. The law will receive 30; teaching- 11 ; engineering 10; business 7; ministry 3; medicine 3; farming 2: journalism 2; 8 are jNIicaw- bers — "waiting for something to turn up." First Sophomore Exhibition. By Class of '70, March 4, 1868. in Methodist Church. The Path of Success John Albert Baldwin Hero \\ orship Francis W'ayland Jones American History from 1880 to i8yo Peter \'oorheis Joan of Arc Clark Olds The Glory of the h'arm Washington Hyde The Enterprising Alan George W. Bates Imagination Thomas Harper Bush The Oppressed Charles S. Carter A Needed Reform Charles Ballenger The Capitalist George T. Campau The Laboring Man Edward Everett Darrow The Delusions of the Age Charles K. Dodge The Duty of the Age Bernard Closes Faith in the People Edwin Fleming Second Sophomore Exhibition. By Class of '70, May 6. 1868, in Methodist Church. Mental Idleness Aaron Perry A Ruined Nation Judson S. Bird The Atmosphere Henry C. Ripley The Citizens' Responsibility Vlexander Thomson The Papal Dominion Sanuiel W. Walker Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 34-5 The Desire for Knowledge George E. Dawson A National Evil Rufiis H. Thayer .Secret Political Societies X'incent S. Lovell Our Future William R. Day Follies of the Age Charles J. Kintner Journalism Sherman S. Avery Conservatism George W. Allyn The Great Drama Thomas Chalmers Christy We All Take Pride Charles M. Wells National Testimony William C. Maybury Mormonism Julius A. Blackburn The Irish Question John Scott ^Nlaltman The Sophomore. . Patrick H. Bumpus Junior Exhibition. By Class of 70, March 30, 1869, in Methodist Church. Truth Will Triumph William F. Matthews Eulogy Abused Rufus H. Thayer Conservatism Walter B. Stevens Mania for City Life Charles S. Carter The Nation's Parricides Thomas Chalmers Christy Practical Tendency Thomas H. Bush ■Greek Oration Franklin Bradley ■Good Templars Charles K. Dodge What America Demands of Her Scholars Washington Hyde The Pacific Empire Charles M. Wells Light — Physically and ^Mentally Otis E. Haven To-Morrow Charles R. Whitman Schuyler Colfax Charles Ballenger Scotland John S. Maltman •German Oration XIarcus Baker The Need of the University — A Gymnasium Geo. T. Campau The New Era Edwin Fleming Antagonism as a Developing h'orce S. Robertson Winchell 3-iG Cr.Ass OF '70, Uni\t:usitv of ^Michigan. Class Day Exercises. Mdriiiiig — III the Methodist Chiirrh. ^Insio — March — Musical lMUU|Uct. — Bciuiix. Pra>cr "Coronation" — Suns;- hy tlie whole .\sseiiihl\-. Presentation of the Class Professor 1^. ( "ilnev Response II. S. I'^rieze. President pro tciii. Music — ( h-ertnre — " William Tell." — Rossini. Oration : The Mind in Reform I'.ernartl Moses Music — \\y the (dee Lluh of the L'lass. Poem : A Romance of the War John S. Maltman P.VRTixc. St)XO — Suui;- hy the Class. I. We're gathered now. my classmates. \o gixo our parting song. To pluck from memory's wreath the buds, which there so sweetly tlirong; To gaze on life's broad rufHed sea, to which we quickly go. But ere we start we'll drink the health of Alma Mater, O! CuoKcs : Oh! Alma Mater. O. Oh I Alma Mater. O. But ere we start we'll drink the health of Alma Mater. O! J. We go to taste the joys of life, like bubbles on its tide. Now glittering in its sunbeams, and dancing in their jiride ; But bubble-like they'll break and burst, and lea\e us sad, you know — There's none so sweet as memory of Alma Mater, ()! ,^. Hither we come with hearts of joy. with joy we now will part. And give to each the parting grasp, which speaks a brother's heart. L'nited firm in pleasing words, which can no lireaking know. For college boys can ne'er forget their Alm.i Mater. O! 4. Then brush the tear-drop froiu your eye, and liapiiy let us be. For jo}- alone should fill the hearts of those as blest as we; One cheerful chorus, ringing loud, we'll give before we go: The memory of college days, and Alma Mater, O ! Chorus : Oh! Alma Mater, O, Oh! Alma .Mater. O, Hurrah! hurrah! for college davs, and Alma Mater, O! Di-:i'AKTAiKNT ()[■ LrjKKATURK, SciitXci-:, ANij Akts. 347 Afternoon — On tlic University Grounds. Music — I'otpcjurri. — I'lotoic. History of the Class Walter 15. Stevens A 1 u sic — C( ill ege S( iiilc. Class Prophecy Charles (1. Wing Music — Song. Presentation (jf Leather Medal Alexander Thomson "To P.\T. Br M ITS, tlic ugliest man of '70. with tlie cor.ipliment.-. of hi.s classmates. — June i. i. Stevens. Then followeil a college song" and the "(."lass Trophecy,"' hy Charles (i. Wing. r>oth of these pnulnctions were well deli\'ered, listened to with marked attention and warmly apphuuled. The sharp hits and spic\- allusions in which they ahoundeil were heartily enjoyed h\ the initiated, and some of the revelations oi secret historx called forth expressions of wonder from our inisoithisticated visitors. Atter another song came the presentation of a leather medal hearing upiMi a silver plate the following inscrij^tiiMi : "Vo Tat Ihnnjnis. the ugliest man of '70, with the compliments iii his classmates. June i. 1870 — Caclcbs, ijiiid again!" Idie presentation si>eech was made hy Alexander Thomson, who set forth in a striking and undeniahle maimer the great hlessings conferred upon society hy homely men, inasnuich as the\- are good to frighten had children, don't ilrivc innocent maitlens to ciimmit suicide on their accomU, and increase the heaut\- o\ the rest of mankind hy contrast, i'at responded in the happiest vein. Though he had not the phik^sophical mind of Socrates, uov the elo(pience oi Cicero, nor \et the decj) jyenetra- tion of Webster, he could llatter himself that he was as homely as all three put together, and in the medal he found his reward. "A leather medal — how tine it looks. Lettered and made on a beautiful plan; Something" imheard of in college books. Aird \et bestowed on a homely man. Coveretl with siher and duly stamped. A pleasant thing for the eye to scan ; If this is the way a fellow is serveil, ( Ml, w ho would not he a homely man !" A song closetl this part of the exercises, after which the class marched to the enclosure reserved for them about the statue of Dki'AKImknt of Ln i;KAri!Ki;, Srii'.NCp:, and Auis. 'Mi) r>cnjamin I'^-anklin, which thov had placed upon the campus as a nienmrial i;ift tn (/////(/ inatcr. The (le(hcator\- achhess h\- ( leort^'e T. C'anipau was ap]u-o])riatc ami well rccei\c(l. lie dwell upon I'^raukliu's hi.^h claim to ihe respect aud adiuiratiou of scholars, on account ot his untiring' eftorts t'or the ad\aucemenl of science and education; and justly concluded that the class ^i\ "70 could lea\'e hehind them no more tittine memorial. \t the close of the address the class united in sini;in<;- "Atdd l.am; S\ni',"" aud then adjourned to the shade of the trees hack o\ south coIIcl^c to smoke "the last ci,t;ar." Alter an hour ot jollii\' ami fun. tln' crowd dis- persed with heart\- cheers for the class of '70. the facuit\, Acting- President l-'rieze, and others. 26th Annual Commencement. Class of '70, June ::9t!i, 1870, in the Mellioilist t'luirch. (This program was arranged with music at proper intervals.) 1. Latin ('ration — ]:\ .\ihilo .\ihil kit . . . . \\ ooster W. In'man 2. ( )iu- Ahuuni and .\hna Mater ( )scar J. C'am])l)ell 3. American I h)mes Walter Ik Stevens 4. The Ideal of ThouiL^lu Washington llyde 5. Comets Marcus Ikiker 6. Liheralism. True and k'alse T. Chalmers Christy 7. ( )ur Irredeemahle ("urrency Lucius Ik Swift 8. The I'uritication of ( )ur Courts of Justice. .. Win. L. Tenlield <). Inlhiences of Illustrated Press (iei^rj^t' T. ( 'ampau 10. Why ( 'ondemn Ivxpediency h'dwin IdeminjT^ II Ciovernrfient of ( tur I 'ni\(.'rsity X'incent S. Lovell Conferrini;' of decrees as tollows: .M 1X1 Nc I'.-Nci n'1':i:r. Clarence ^^lortou Ikiss, Charles IMieli)s (iilhert. William James Waters. ( i\ 11, i:.\(;iNEKK. Judson Slatford Ihrd. John Loveland Culley. Harlow Lalnier Davock. Luther Llliott k'eri^uson, Charles Lhelps Cilhert. Jaiues 350 Class of '70, University of ]\Iiciiigax. Alfred Hayward. Charles Jacob Kintner, Ceorge Washington JNIickle, Michael Alexander Adolph Aleyendortif, Alfred Noble, Henry Clay Ripley. Warren Chaffee Willits. r.ACIIELOR OF SCIENCE. Charles Simeon Carter. William Rufus Day. Harlow Palmer Davcck. ^^'illiam Thomas Emerson. ^Jorris lUshop Foster, John Collins Howland, Eugene Ketchum, John Scott Maltman. Milo Elijah Marsh. Clark Olds. Darius Comstock Pennington. Aaron Perry, William Henry Schock, Alexander Thomson, Oliver Hart \\"attles, Charles Manley Wells. r..\CHE1.0K OF I'HILOSOPHV. Oscar James Campbell, Washington Hyde, Owen Edgar Le Fevre, Bernard IMoses, Leonard Emiah Stocking, Lucius Burrie Swift, Charles Cordon Wing. I!.\CHE1.0K OF ARTS. Arthur Clark Adams, Marcus Baker, John Albert Baldwin, Charles Ballenger, Henry Hoyt Barlow, (ieorge Washington Bates, Franklin Bradley, Wooster Woodruff' Beman, Julius Abiram IMackburn, James Harrison lUanchard, Patrick Henrv Bumpus, Charles hrancis Burton, Thomas Harper Bush, George Throop Campau, ( )scar James Campbell, Thomas Chalmers Christy, Eugene I'rank Cooley, George Ellis Dawson, Charles Keene Dodge, Charles Stouton Edwards, Russell Errett, Robert Newton Fearon, Achilles Finley, Edwin Fleming, George Jay French, Otis Erastus Haven, Frank Howard Howe. Francis \\ ay- land Jones. A'incent Smith Lovell. William I'reeman [Matthews, William Lorenzo Pentield, Samuel P)ritton Price, Walter l)arlow Stevens, Rufus Flildreth Thayer, Orlando LaFayette Tindall, James Fisher Tweedy, Peter \'oorheis, Albert William Weisbrod, Charles Rudolphus Whitman, Samuel Robertson Winchell, Thomas Wylie. (Three received two degrees each.) The riiiz'crsitv Chronicle said of the exercises: "Again, for the twenty-sixth time, the 'great commencement dav" has come and gone, and seventv-six voung men. like the Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 351 polyp's offspring:, have been cut adrift from their mother, left to fasten to some other rock, to spread their antennae and snare their own prey. Assuredly the class of '70 have just reason to feel proud of the manner in which alma mater has celebrated the com- mencement of their real life work. At an early hour the campus presented a lively scene, the students and alumni gathering" in large numbers and passing the intervening time in renewing old friendships and recalling the many incidents, varying from grave to gay, of college life and doings in the good old times. jVt half past nine the procession was formed, consisting of the undergraduate classes, the alumni of all the departments of the university, the faculties, the regents, and the invited guests. Headed by the band, the long procession marched to the Methodist church and occupied seats on the stage and main floor, the latter having been reserved until its arrival. In spite of the intense heat, rendered doubly oppressive by bad ventilation, every available foot ■of room was occupied at the earliest possible moment, and a large number were disappointed in not obtaining admittance. The exercises were opened with prayer by the \'ery Reverend Dean Helmuth. of London. Canada. The program of speakers and subi'ects will be finmd in another column. As a whole the exercises were highly creditaljle. both to the speakers and to the class which thev represented. The absence of excessive radicalism and 1nmcoml)e, which too often predominate on such occasions, was a noticeable and praiseworthy feature. At the close of the exercises the various degrees were conferred upon the candidates, whose names are given elsewhere. The degree of Bachelor of Philosophy was conferred for the first time, those receiving it be- ing the pioneers in the Latin course. Three gentlemen obtained two degrees each. The grraduates in pharmacy received the new •diploma conferring the degree of Pharmaceutical Chemist. In the afternoon the alumni and invited guests assembled on the campus, and having been formed in procession by the marshal, Julius A. Plackburn, marched to the law lecture room, which had been fitted uj) as a dining room. There all, to the numlier of 352 Class of "70, University of ]Michu;a.\. several liundred. were cordially welcomed by Actinq- President l-'rieze. The (■//('/ dc ciiisiitc was a well known Detroit caterer, and the arrangements left little to he tlesired. After the dinner came nnmerons toasts, interspersed with college songs. The responses were for the most part happy, and perhaps above the average of after-dinner speeches. Some hearty enthnsiasm for alma iiiatcr was shown by old aliiinni. and there were hints of better days to come from those high in authority. Regent Walker actetl as toast- master, and fulfilled his duties in a very acceptable manner. Ad- dresses were made by lanernor Baldwin. ex-Superintendent Pierce. Alajor General Cook, the \ cry Reverend Dean Helmuth, General Cutcheon. and others. ^lany pleasant reminiscences of the earlv history of the university were calknl forth from those who were its founders, antl the spirit manifestetl throug;hout the entire meeting- was all that could be asked for. After the singing- of "Old Hundred" the benediction was pronounced by the Rev. Dr. Gillespie. The exercises of the day closed with a reception given by Act- ing President Frieze at his residence to the graduating class and the other alunnii. together with the invited guests of the luiiversity. A large number were present, and received most hospitable treat- ment. Taken altogether, the exercises of the day were very satis- factory and well befitting the first quarter-centennial celebration of the universitv. Harmony and renewed enthusiasm for alma niatcr prevail among the alumni. l>oth oUl antl new. and the pros- pects of the institution for the next quarter of a century are very flattering, to say the least. The invitations sent out to the alumni in all parts of the country, not only brought together a large num- ber at the appointed time, but calletl forth warm and cheering re- sponses from graduates in Elaine, California, the Territories, and nearly all the intervening states. That the university may enjoy many happ\" returns of this anniversary day is the wish of every one, and that they will ever staml by alma mater is the renewed pledge of all her sons." Dl-:i'AKTMENT OF LriliKATUKK, SciKNCIi, AND ArTS. 353 Students' Lecture Association. The class (if "70 filled pdsitions in the cdtjis of officers of the association as follows : Freshman Year — A'incent S. Lovell, nieniher Executive Com- mittee. Sophomore Year — Charles S. C'arter. Recording Secretary. Charles liallenoer, memher Executive Committee. Junior Year — llernard Moses, Vice-President. Charles S. Carter. Corresponding Secretary. Walter 1'.. Stevens, Assistant Treasurer. Charles Al. Wells, memher h'xecutive Commit- tee. Senior Year — Charles I'.allenger, Eresident. W'alter V>. Stevens, Treasurer. Henry C. Ripley, memher Executive Committee. The speakers hefore the association were : lUI'.SIl MAX \\:.\\<. President Erastus ( ). Haven, John \\. (iough, Horace Greeley, ]*)isliop 1'h(5mas M. Clark, Prof. Anson J. L^pson, Carl Schurz, Frederick Douglass, Theodore Tilton. llenjamin F. Taylor. Wen- dell Phillips, Robert Collyer, Petroleum \'. Xashy, Henry Vincent, Jaiues E. Murdoch. SOl'JIO.MOKIi Vl'.AK. Prof. Moses Coit Tyler, Charles Sumner, John ( j. Saxe, John G. Holland, Paul 15. Du Chaillu, Prof. Anson J. Upson, Frederick Douglass, John 15. Gough, Edwin I'. Whipple, Anna E. Dickin- son, Theodore Tilton. Dr. John Eord, Wendell Phillips, George H. Pendleton. irxioK ^■|•;AK. Prof. Edv, ard P. Evans, James E. Murdoch. Dr. Isaac 1. Flayes, Prof. Anson J. P'pson, Isaac T. Hecker, Mendelssohn Ouintette Club, Henr}- \incent, Theodore Tilton, Olive Logan, Anna E. Dickinson, Pnjf. Moses Coit Tyler, Frederick Douglass, I'etroleum \\ Xasby. sf:xior yf.ak. Prof. Alexander Winchell, George l-'rancis Train. I'Llizabeth Cady Stanton, Prof. James H. Seelye, Bayard Taylor, Justin Mc- 24 354- Class of 70, Univeksitv of Michigan. Carthy, Major J. W. Powell, Kate Field, Anna E. Dickinson, W. Morley Punshon, Rev. Robert Collyer, The IMendelssohn Quin- tette Club. Students' Christian Association. OFFICERS FROM CLASS OF 'jO. Sophomore Year — Walter B. Stevens, Librarian. James C. HoUiday, Assistant Librarian. Junior Year — T. Chalmers Christy, Vice-President. Charles Ballenger, Secretary. Walter B. Stevens, Treasurer. Senior Year — T. Chalmers Christv, President. George \\ . .VUyn John A. Baldwin Charles Ballenger George W. Bates Thomas H. Bush Oscar J. Campliell T. Chalmers Christy John L. CuUey Charles S. Edwards Robert N. Eearon Frank N. Greeley MEMIIFRS ]'ROM /O. James C. HoUiday James E. Jacklin Eugene Ketchum George W. Lake Joseph I>. Logan William V. ^Matthews Bernard Moses Walter 15. Stevens Lucius 1^). Swift Rufus H. Thayer Peter \"oorheis Thomas Wylie It is probable that a few more names should lie added to the foregoing list. The Oracle. The following were elected November 2^. 1S67, as the board of editors for sophomore year : T. Chalmers Christy Edward E. Darrow George T. Campau Frank Emerick Charles S. Carter \'inccnt S. Lovell George E. Dawson Greenleaf C. Wattles Department of LriERATURE, Science, and Arts. 355 The University Chronicle. The followin"- were the ccHt^rs junior vear : Christy Carter Lovell Moses Fleming Winchell Edward E. Darrow was elected as a meml>er of the board, bnt as he did not return to the university in junior year Rufus H. Thayer was elected to fill his place and served until January. 1869, when he resigned and Bernard Moses was elected to fill the vacancy. Harlow P. Davock was elected as a member of the board and served until January, 1869, when he resigned and S. R. Winchell Avas elected in his place. editors senior ye.\r. Thomas H. Bush Bernard Moses Edwin Flemine Walter B. Stevens 356 Class of '70, University of Michigan. The University Glee Club. The .Seventy Glee (Tul). which, in the senior vear. gave con- certs in many of the cities of Micliigan, came into being without much forethought. In the junior year, six or eight of '70's con- genial souls met together occasionally, liy chance, the usual wav, and sang college songs. They sang liecause they were bubbling over with good spirits, and must give vent to their feelings. That year the club consisted of Thomas H. Bush. S. R. Winchell. \ in- cent S. Lovell, ( )scar J. Campliell. Julius A. I')lackl)urn, Edwin Fleming, and John S. Alaltman. They sang around the campus, on the streets, at the post office, and informally wherever a crowd of boys came together. Perhaps once that vear thev sang in public — at the debate given i)y a law society. The ambition to give public concerts was of very gradual growth. The club began to have rehearsals soon after the be- ginning of the senior year and in the course of a couple of months felt sufficient confidence to give serenades on pleasant evenings in Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti. Continued ]:)ractice soon brought results in precision and greater harmony, and little by little the plan of perfecting enough songs to make up concert programs developed. Winchell. who was acting principal of the Ann Arbor high school, was unable to give any time to the club and George E. Dawson, who had been teaching during the junior year, took his place. The make-up was : Bush and Dawson, ist tenors; Lovell and Campbell. 2d tenors ; Blackburn, 1st bass; Fleming and ]Vlaltman, 2d bass; And Baldwin, ]iianist. The club soon became known as The University Glee Club. Baldwin was also put down on some of the programs as prima donna, for it was in that role he astonished the natives all over Michigan, and won und\-ing fame. He was in the possession of Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 357 a remarkable falsetto which reached notes within the range of the best prima donna only, with a volume which was astonishing. Can any one wlio heard him trill and soar ever forget it? He never failefl to bring; down the house with, long applause. The Glee Club was one of the features of the parties and class func- tions, and, of course, they sang and took a notable part in '70's memorable class day. In the fall of 1869 the Episcopal church at Ann Arbor was completed. Just before the dedication, on ( )ctober zy , 1869, an organ and vocal concert was given in the church. Mrs. Darrow and Professor Walter were among those who took part. The Glee Club were down for two numbers : First, a chorus from II Puritani, which was often the opening" piece of their concerts. It was a rousing" piece, and when sung with spirit put the audience into a svmpathetic mood. \\'ith other \\-ords, some of the frater- nities are still making the streets of .\nn Arlior reverl^erate with the melody of that tune, handed down from one g-eneration to another. The other selection the clulj gave that night was, "The Two Roses," b}- Werner, a quiet piece which gave a chance to show finish and fine work. This was their first appearance as organized for the year, and, although they did well enough, still there was nothing worth}- of special notice about their work on that occasion. It was in the free and easy al)andon of college song"s that they excelled. January 28, 1870, was the first time when the occasion and the audience combined to give the Glee Club the opportunity to show how thev could sing college songs for the boys. That night thev furnished the music at the annual exercises of the Webster Society. The club was down for four numbers : First, "Where Would I lie," l)y Carl Zollner ; second, "Stars of the Summer Night" ; third, "Old Noah," and fourth. "The Old College Bell." The exercises were held in the Cnitarian church, which was packed to the doors with a howling mob of boys — no co-eds in those days. The audience began to enthuse with "Old Xoah," and demanded an encore, which was given. When the program 358 Class of '70, University of Michigan. closed with "The Old College Bell." the uproar knew no bounds, and the audience refused to .go luitil a response was made to the encore. This gave the club their first reputation. It was the rollicking, off-hand way they sang that captured the boys. The Websterians were so pleased, they presented each member of the club with a copy of the Carmina Collegensia. Regular rehearsals had been held since the possibility of a series of concerts in outside to\\ns had grown into a fixed con- clusion and it was thought that now a sufficient repertoire had been prepared to make up concert programs. Campbell had been made musical director, though suggestions by the various mem- bers were freely given. I'aldwin was pianist and lilackburn was advance agent and business manager, and proved to be most efficient. It was determined, after much deliate, that the citizens of Jack- son, Michigan, should first enjoy the special favor of a concert by the club. Arrangements were made accordingly, a hall en- gaged and the concert advertised. This first concert of the club took place at Union Hall. Jack- son, JNIichigan, Friday night, February 4. 1870. It made a deep impression, more particularly upon the memloers of the clul). It had been arranged, after much deliate. that the clul) should march on to the stage, wearing the university caj). form in a symmetrical semi-circle and removing the caps, the action accompanied by a graceful liow, thus greet the audience. L'nfortunately for the impressiveness of this ceremony, some one of the carload or two of students who had accompanied the club from Ann Arbor, made a return greeting with a groan "C)-oh-h-h," which resounded through the house and while it destroyed the overpowering effect which the entrance was expected to produce, added much to the hilaritv. Df.i'artment of Literature, Science, and Arts. 359 The program was as follows : rXU'KRSlTY GLEE CLLH. Thos. H. ]')ush. 1st l>nor. G. E. Dawson, ist Tenor. O. J. Campbell, 2(1 Tenor, \'. S. Lovell, 2(1 Tenor, J. A. Blackburn, ist Bass. J. A. Maltman, 2d Bass, E. Eleming, 2(1 Bass, J. A. Baldwin, Pianist. I'ROORAIVJ. Part Eirst. Openinj^: Chorus (7/ Piirifaiii ) . Last Cigar ( Harvard ) Solo and Quartette 3- Shucking Corn ( Brown ) Solo and Chorus 4. Litoria (LTiiversity of Michigan ) Solo and Chorus 5. L'pidee (Yale ) Solo and Chorus Two Roses ( JJ'enier ) By the Club A[enagerie ( Amherst ) Solo and Chorus Part Second. Where \\^juld T Be ? ( Car! ZoUucr ) By the Club Peachblow Earm ( Rochester ) .Solo and Chorus Ouodlibet ( I", of Mich. ) In four parts with Choruses Image of the Rose.. . .Solo, vocal accompaniment, and Chorus Old Xoah { Hamilton ) Solo, Trio and Chorus Opera Comique By our Prima Donna — Ualdwin Stars of the Summer Night ( Mixllcr ) liy the Club A little Earm Well Tilled Quartette Rolling Home, and Good Xight Song By the Club At this concert the club retired from the stage after every number, returning for the next, but in all succeeding concerts chairs were arranged on the stage and the club retired only be- tween the parts of the program. The attendance at the concert was large and the members of the club were nuich encouraged. 360 Class of '70, University of Michigan. Friday evening, March 4th, the chib drove across country to Northfield and g-ave a concert, being entertained at Thayer's home in a royal manner. March iith, the annual pul)Hc exercises of the Alpha Xu and Literar}- Adelphi were given in the L'nitarian church. The Glee Club furnished the music, giving five pieces and two encores. Saturday evening, March lyth, they gave a concert at Ypsilanti. l*^ri(la\- evening, Alarch 25th. the club fur- nished the music for the high school exhibition at Adrian. They were entertained at the best homes of the city, and had a most enthusiastic reception. I'he whole town were at the exhibition and long and continued applause greeted their songs. The next night they gave a concert at Monroe. Although the night was dark and drearv, they had a g(x^d audience. After the concert thev were given a reception at the young ladies seminary. ^Ion- day night, [March 28th. they gave a concert at Ann Arbor. It is needless to sav, that being among appreciative friends, the oc- casion was most uproarious. In those days the Medic' and Law Commencements came about Ai)r!l first, and the Lits. had a week's vacation. The "Glee Fellers." as the hayseeds sometimes dubbed them, seized this opportunity to star it. They sang at Kalamazoo two different nights, IJattle Creek, Cirand Rapids and Hastings. At the latter place P.arlow gave them an elaborate supper. Liut they always thought Cirand Rapids was their banner town. It was Prof. D'C)oge's old home. He spent a few days there before the concert, countenancing the affair and recommending the good people of the city to come out and hear how the boys could sing. And they came out, a house full of the best the town afforded. The audience inspired the singers, the singers jollied the audience, and taken all in all it was a most harmonious meeting. Everybody was happ\-. A very tine reception was given them after the con- cert. They remained over Sunday, and that is a red letter day with them, even after thirty years. The club stopped at Sweet's Hotel, where there were numerous families, including young ladies, deeply interested in the university. These, by impromptu receptions in the spacious parlors and halls of the hotel, gave a DliPARTMENT OF LlTKKATURE, SciliNCE, AND ArTS. 361 taste of that elysium which can be enjoyed on earth onlv when hearts are yount;-. The following- is the program o;iven on that trip, and is about what was usnallv sung' at their concerts: Part first — 1, Opening- Chorus (II Puritani) ; 2, Where Would I Be? (Carl Zollner) ; 3, Shucking Corn; 4, Image of the Rose ( Reich- ardt ) ; 5, Peachlilow l^'arni ; 6, Upidee ; 7, Last Cigar; 8. Little P'^arm Well Tilled. Part second — i. March ( Pecker) ; 2, Young (3ysternian ; 3, Ouodlibet ; 4, Litoria ; 5, Chainj^agne Song; 6, Opera Coniique. by the prima donna — l>aldwin ; 7, ( )ld Xoah ; 8, Menagerie; y. Rolling Home and Good Night Song. The trip proved a financial success, and the bovs divided (piite a sum of money on their return to Ann .\rb«r. Saturda}- evening, May 7th, they sang in l^'cumseh ; 'Mav i ith, in Saline, and Saturday evening. May 21st, in Marshall. During the senior vacation they made another tour, singing June 2d, in Jackson; June 3. in ( )wosso ; June 4, in Saginaw City; June 6, in East Saginaw; June 7, in Pay City; June g, in Flint; June 10, in Pontiac ; Jmie 13, in Coldwater; June 16, in Manchester. Final- ly, Friday, June 24, they furnished the music at the annual com- mencement of the Ypsilanti I'nion Seminar\-, giving six numbers. At Jackson they visited the state prison and sang a few pieces at dinner time to "a crowded house." They never had a more ap- preciative audience. They visited the Insane asylum at Kalama- zoo, and their music fairly charmed the inmates. Afterwards the doctor in charge sent them a very urgent request to come again and sing to them. Pie ofi^ered to furnish transportation and en- tertainment, if they could only give those unfortunates another such a treat. Idiey were comi>elled to forego the pleasure on ac- count of many other engagements. At Flint they were entertained by the alumni. When out serenading they came to a fine place and were invited in. Mr. Hyatt, of Harvard '47, was entertaining an old classmate whom he had not seen in fifteen years. The boys' coming proved a happy coincident, and helped recall many scenes of their own college days. It is needless to say the best in the larder was set out. The next night, at Pontiac, they had a recep- 362 Class of '70, University of Michigan. tion, and the hilarity was continued to such a late hour, the hoys took an early train, without taking- the trouhle to go to hed at all. Their fame had spread over the state, and almost dailv thev had invitations to go to various places and sing. Hillsdale College urged them to come and furnish the nuisic for their commence- ment. This was the first college glee cluh that had given concerts around the state, and everywhere they met with the most flattering reception. Their audiences were wildly enthusiastic, and the press notices highly laudatory. It nuist he rememhered that these concerts of "70's Glee Cluh were given at a time when there were no annual trips of university glee cluhs through the country. Our cluh was a Bahnhrcchcr. Its success musically was undouljted. The voices were good, the enthusiasm inextinguishahle and the rendering of the songs was given with a precision, verve and harmony that always met the approval of the audiences. Of the meml)ers themselves there were none who could not appreciate fun and with such capital spirits as Blackhurn, Camp- hell and Baldwin the entire period of the cluh's association en route, hehind the scenes, at receptions antl in the hotels was an almost unhroken series of pranks and jollification. Each concert furnished reminiscences which were the basis of unending future gibes and reminders. The concerts were a success financialh in the sense that all the expenses of travel, printing and advertising were defrayed out of the proceeds without the necessity of contribution from the mem- bers or of calling for outside aid. In June, 1873, at the triennial when the class cups were pre- sented, at public exercises in the crowded Methodist church, the members of the Glee Club were on hand and sang a few of the old songs. That was the last time they ever appeared in pul)lic. lUish, Lovell and Blackburn have passed on to the other shore, and it is not probable that even a quartette can be brought together again. at a class reimion. Sic transit gloria nitiiuii. Department oe Literature, Science, and Arts. 363 Alpha Nu. OEEICERS EROM CLASS OE '/O. Freshman ^'ear — Frank Dradley, Lilirarian. Charles S. Edwards, Assistant ^Marshal. George E. Dawson, Assistant Lihrarian. Sophomore Year — Charles S. Edwards, Assistant Marshal. William L. Oge, Secretary. George E. Dawson, Lihrarian. Bernard Moses, Assistant Lihrarian. Jnnior Year — Edwin Fleming, \^ice-President. (1st Semester) Walter B. Stevens, Jimior Critic. Peter \'oorheis. Treasurer. (2d Semester) Frank P)radley, \'ice-President. Washington Hyde, Treasurer. Charles M. W^ells, Junior Critic. Senior Year — Charles (_t. Wing, President. B. T. K. Preston, Treasurer. Frank Bradley, Senior Critic. George W. Bates, Marshal. Arthur C. Adams Sherman S. Avery Ahner L. Andrews George "V\^ Allyn Marcus Baker John A. Baldwin George W. liates Judson S. Bird Frank Bradley James D. Burr Thomas H. l;}ush George T. Campau Georo-e E. Dawson MICMIiEKS ERUM CLASS OE "/O. Harlow P. Davock Charles S. Edwards Robert N. F"earon Edwin Fleming George J. French James D. Hawks Eben L. Hill John C. Howland James C. Holliday Washington Hyde Samuel R. Hurford John W. Johnson Charles |. Kintner 364 Class of '70, University of Michigan. Joseph L. Logan Vincent S. Lovell George H. Lothrop William F. Matthews William C. Ma}bur\- Michael A. Me}enclortl Bernard Moses Alfred Xoble William L. ( )ge Clark Olds Julius J. Pollins Henry C. Ripley Walter B. Stevens Leonard E. Stocking Rufus H. Thayer Peter \'oorheis Charles ^1. Wells S. R. Winchell Charles G. Wing Thomas Wvlie Literary Adelphi. OFFICFKS FROM CLASS OF /O. Freshman Year — ^^'illiam L. Penfield. Secretary. Charles S. Carter, Librarian. Charles Ballenger, Assistant Librarian. George W. Mickle, 2d Assistant Librarian. Sophomore Year — John L. Culley, Secretary. John L. ]\Iax\vell, Assistant ^Marshal. George W. ^lickle. Librarian. Junior Year — Charles Ballenger. \'ice-President. (1st Semester) Charles S. Carter, Treasurer. T. Chalmers Christy, Junior Critic. (2d Semester) Maxwell A. Phillip, \'ice-President. Milo E. Marsh, Treasurer. Charles Ballenger, Junior Critic. Senior Year — Charles Ballenger, President. Eugene Ketchum, Senior Critic. Aaron Perrv, Marshal. MEMl'.ERS FROM CL.\SS OF /O. ("harles Ballenger Henry H. Barlow Patrick PL Bumpu^ Oscar J. Campbell Charles S. Carter T. Chalmers Christy John L. Culley William R. Dav Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 365 Charles K. Dodge William T. Emerson Luther E. Eerguson Achilles Einley Morris B. Foster James A. Hay ward Erank H. Howe Eugene Ketchum Henry W. Lake ^lilo E. Alarsh Tohn L. Maxwell George W. Mickle John A. Mitchell Charles T. Moore William L. Penfield Darius C. Pennington .\aron Perry ALaxwell A. Phillips Lucius P. Swift Alexander Thomson ( )rlan(lo L. Tindall Warren C. Willits Philozetian Debating Club. OFFICERS. Sophomore Year — Joseph L. Logan, President. Abner L. Andrews, A'ice-President. William E. Matthews, Secretary. Charles Ballenger, Treasurer. Junior Year — Rufus IT. Thayer, President. (Tst Semester) Charles AL Wells, A'ice-President. Charles E. Burton, Secretary. John W. Johnson, Treasurer. (2d Semester) Charles Ballenger, President. Peter A'oorhcis. \'ice-President. Milo E. Marsh, Secretary. Charles J. Kintner, Treasurer. Senior Year — Charles S. Edwards, President. John C. Howland, \'ice-President. George W. Bates, Secretary. Charles E. Burton. Treasurer. Charles Ballenger Henry H. Barlow Georire W. I5ates MEMDERS. Jacob Beller, Jr. Charles V. lUirton Wuoster \\'. P.eman 366 Class of '70, University of Michigan. Judson S. Bird Patrick H. Rumpus Thomas H. Bush Charles S. Carter John L. Culley Charles K. Dodge George E. Dawson Edward E. Darrow Charles S. Edwards Achilles Finley Morris B. Foster John C. Rowland Washington Hyde John W. Johnson Francis W. Jones Owen E. Le Fevre John L. Logan \'incent S. Lovell Milo E. Marsh ^\'illiam V. Matthews George W. ^klickle Alfred Xoble Clark Olds Maxwell A. Phillips Samuel B. Price Henry C. Riple}' Walter B. Stevens Leonard E. Stocking Rufus H. Thayer Alexander Thomson Peter Voorheis Oliver C. Wattles Charles M. Wells Charles G. Wing Thomas Wvlie Aristotelian (Debating Club.) Frank Emerick President Z. K. ^NlcCormack \'ice-President Henry L. Lorenz Secretary Harlow P. Davock Treasurer MEMBERS. A. A. Andrews Darius Boughton William R. Day Harlow P. Davdck Frank Emerick Joseph C. Hostetler Edward P. King- Charles J. Kintner Henry L. Lorenz Z. K. ^NlcCormack Lucius IC Swift [Mortimer H. Stanford Samuel W. Walker DEI'AKTMliNT OF LITERATURE, SciENCE, AND ArTS. 367 Huron Debating Club. l^ernard Moses President Milo E. Marsh \ice-President John L. Cullev Secretary :\I EMBERS. Sherman S. Avery Milo E. ]Marsh Judson S. Bird D. C. Penning-ton Charles S. Carter Henry C. Ripley John L. Cnlley Aaron Perry Delos A. Chappell Edward F. Sox John A. Aiitchell Alexander Thomson Bernard Moses Warren C. Willits Clark Olds Greenleaf C. Wattles Lower House Faculty. Freshman year seemed to have passed withont Ijringing any memljers of the class of 1870 into special prominence; but the leaven was working" during' all that year in class room and in the "Latin Quarter" of Ann Arbor, and in our struggles with '69. The truthful historian of our class will doubtless describe else- where how valiantly we met the insidious and the open attacks made ui)on us 1)}' sophomores. It will be recalled, too, that "69, in its sophomore year, produced a memorable mock prog'ram of the Junior exhibition, more than usually scandalous in substance and form, anallenger fails to make his first liase. Seventh Innings — Carter does well and I'.unipus. by a desper- ate struggle, makes his first. Thayer brings r.umpus to the sec- ond base, and Campbell in bringing Patrick Henrv home, is out on first, by pitcher. Thayer now enlivens the scene, by stealing home. Weisbrod and P)arlow make their tallies, but Wing and Dodge score a zero, making the side out. Ripley and French make their tallies. Voorheis is out on first. Stevens makes his second base by tumbling over Carter. Barlow not being much on the tumble, Stevens is conditioned on the third ; Day is out on foul. Eigliili Innings — Campbell, Stocking and Thayer make their tallies. Bumpus is out on fly. Carter on first base, and Weisbrod finds in Day an obstacle to his fine fly. Side out. Haven, Matthews and Perry make their tallies. Ballenger is out on a foul, Ripley is out on first base, by catcher, and Stevens finishes the game by three futile attempts to hit the ball pitched with lightning celerity. We give below the score. The game was called by mutual con- sent at the end of the eighth innings. R. O. R. O. Campbell, 1. f 5 2 Stevens, ib 2 5 Weisbrod, c 4 3 Day, c 2 4 Barlow, 3b 4 2 Haven, p 3 2 Wing, lb 2 4 Alatthews, 3b 2 2 Dodge, c. f 1 5 Perry, 2b 2 3 Stocking, s. s 3 3 ' Ballenger, c. f 2 3 Carter, 2b 3 1 Ripley, 1. f 2 3 Bumpus, r. f .2 4 French, r. f 3 i Thayer, p 6 o \'oorheis, s. s 3 i 30 24 21 24 Umpire, Julius A. Blackburn. Scorer, C. M. Wells. 374 Class of '70, University of Michigan. Miscellaneous Items. Committees on publication of the Uiiiz'crsify Casta! ia: 1867- "68 — Mncent S. Lovell, George E. Dawson and Edward E. Darrow. i868-"6q — Charles Dallenger. Charles ^NI. Wells and Walter B. Stevens. i869-'7o — Charles S. Carter. Charles Ballenger and George E. Dawson. Committee on publication of the University Palladium : For i869-'7o — Michael A. Meyendorff, William R. Day, Harlow P. Davock, Lucius B. Swift and Charles P. Gilbert. L'niversity Librar}- Reading- Room Committee : For i869-'70 — Pxlwin Fleming. Frank liradlex' and \'incent S. Lovell. Lucius B. Swift was chief marshal for the literarv department on the occasion of the first celebration of Universitv Dav. Julius A. Blackburn was assistant grand marshal for all the departments on the same occasion. Bernard Moses received the second prize (four competitors) in the Alpha Xu society prize debate. January 18, 1868; subject, Resolved, that Free Trade should be the policy of the United States. In the public exercises by the Alpha Nu and the Literary Adel- phi, February 20. 1869. William L. Penfield delivered an oration on "Lessons of Blood." Li the public exercises by the same societies March 11. 1870, Charles M. W'ells delivered an oration on "The Bible in Schools." Alexander Thomson a poem, "On the Sea and on the Shore." Debate: "Should the Pardoning Power be Abolished?" Affirma- tive, William F. Matthews and Peter A'oorheis. Negative, William L. Penfield and Harrv B. Hutchins. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 375 r.ASE HALL CLUB, 1 869. George E. Dawson Mce-President Oscar J. Cainpbell Secretary Charles J. Kintner Treasurer Tiilius A. lilacklnirn and EuQ-ene F. Coolev also were members. Our Instructors. The following- were living at last accounts : Martin L. D"( )oge. LL.D., Ann Arbor, Mich. Edward Payson Evans, A.AL, Nymphenburg.AIunich, Bavaria. George Benjamin Merriman, A.M., Washington, D. C. Stillman \Mlliams Robinson, C.E., Columlnis, O. The following are dead : Erastus Otis Haven, D.D., LL.D., d. Salem, Oregon, August 2, 1881. George I'almer \\"illiams, LL.D., d. Ann Arbor, Sept. 4, 1881. James Robinson Boise, LL.D., d. Chicago, Feb. 9, 1895. Alexander Winchell, LL.D., d. Ann Arbor. Feb. 19, 1891. Henrv Simmons Frieze, LL.D., d. Ann Arbor, Dec. 7, 1889. De A'olson Wood, A.M., d. Hoboken, N. J., June 27, 1897. James Craig Watson, LL.D., d. Madison, Wis.. Xov. 23, 1880. Lucius Delison Chapin, D.D., d. Phillips, Fla., June 18, 1892. Edward ( )lney, LL.D,. d. Ann Arbor, January 16, 1887. Adam Knight Spence, A.M., d. Nashville, Tenn., April 24, 1900 Charles Kendall Adams, LL.D., d. Redlands, Cal, July 26, 1902. Allen Jeremiah Curtis, A.AL, d. Washington, Alich., Dec. 28, 1871. Moses Coit Tyler, LL.D., d. Ithaca, N. Y., Dec. 28, 1900. Benjamin Franklin Cocker, D.D., LL.D., d. Ann Arl)or. April 8, 1883. Corvdon La Ford, ALD., LL.D., d. Ann Arbor, April 14. 1894. 376 Class of '70, Universitv of Michigan. Students in the University. From 1866 to 1870. 1866-7 1867-8 1868-9 1869-70 Resident Graduates 13 10 4 Seniors 37 48 39 74 Juniors 46 48 75 65 Sophomores -ji '^'j 68 81 Freshmen 99 1 04 91 112 In INIining- Engineering 5 8 11 2 In Selected Studies 41 59 74 68 In Pharmacy . . 20 36 In Higher Chemistry 35 51 34 24 Total in Literary Dcp't 335 418 422 466 In Law Department 395 387 342 308 In Medical Department 525 418 358 338 Total in Lniversity 1255 1223 1122 1112 Re-Unions. On the evening- of November 7th, 1871, about a year and a half after grackiation, that mutual attraction which has ever characterized the members of '70 brought seventeen of us together at an impromptu gathering in Ann Arbor at the corner of Main and Washington streets. The following responded to the roll call : Baker, Beman, Blanchard, Bumpus, Burton, Bush, Day, How- land, Hyde. Marsh, Pennington, Price, Thomson, Tweedy, \"oor- heis. Whitman, and Winchell, being all who were then in Ann Arbor, except Kintner. Fifteen of these were at that time con- nected with the university. The first regular re-union, as pre-arranged, was held in June, 1873. We had looked forward with joyous expectation to this meeting from the time of leaving the university with the blue ribboned diplomas. During the intervening time numerous reports had gained circulation to the effect that several candidates for the "class cup" were in the field. Excitement ran high, insuring a large attendance at the re-union. The secretary was expected to institute an investigation as to the relative merits of each contest- ant. His eft'orts in that direction developed the fact that no less than nine new-comers were anxious to know whether he or she had won the race. The question of priority was involved in much doubt. Even the "Judge," an expert, after wrestling with the problem, threw up the sponge, somewhat to the detriment of his former excellent judicial reputation. Finally the ivliolc issue was referred to a committee who decided, as was to be expected, that '70 had surpassed all former classes and had two boys born first. Two class cups must therefore be presented at the re-union. Ar- rangements were made accordingly. On coming together at Ann Arbor the following were counted : 377 378 Class of '70, University of Michigan. Ballenger, Bates. Beman. Bird, Blackburn, Bradley, Bumpus, Burton, Bush, Campau, Campbell, Carter, Cooley, Dawson, Emer- son, Ferguson, rieming, Gilbert, Haven, Rowland, Kintner, Lovell, jNIaltman, Marsh, Mickle, Pennington, Perry, A^oorheis, Waters, Wells, Whitman and Wincheil, several of whom had their wives, and one of whom had a "class boy." The program of the afternoon exercises, in the Methodist church, was as follov/s : 1 . :Music By '70's Glee Club. Prayer. Music By Glee Club. Introductory Remarks By President Angell. Welcome of "70 Dr. Cocker. Response By whole class, a song. Oration By George T. Campau. Music By Glee Club. Poem By Edwin Fleming. Music By Glee Club. Presentation of "Class Cups" By C. M. Wells First Response By Charles Ballenger. Second Response By S. R. Wincheil. Music By whole class. A large concourse of people, the Ann Arbor friends of the class, filled the audience room. The members of the class who were present occupied seats on the platform with members of the faculty. President Angell in his introductory remarks said that he should always regret that he was not connected with the uni- versitv soon enough to have made the intimate acquaintance of the class : that he had frequently heard the class spoken of as a re- markable lot of fellows, and that from the appearance of the pro- gram, which provided for the presentation of a class cup to each of two bovs born first to members of the class, he believed that they would do a good thing for the future of the university, as it was the only class of which he ever heard that had two boys born first. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 IT 12 13 14 Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 379 After a college song by the glee club, Dr. Cocker welcomed the class back to Ann Arbor and to the university in a very felicitous address. Among other things he said he had expected to be called upon merely to present the class formally to Dr. Angell, but that seemed unnecessary, as they appeared to be all well acquainted with him. He said that he considered himself a member of "70, as he had entered upon his professorship while they were seniors, and would always remember how they put the freshman professor through, asking him questions, wise and otherwise. He remarked that when the class of '70 was launched on the sea of life he be- lieved it possessed more brain power and lung power and wind power than any class that had been graduated previously, and that he was glad to know that about twenty-four of their number had power and foresight enough to commit matrimony. George T. Campau, the orator of the occasion, said in part : "After our congratulations and heartfelt happiness upon meet- ing dear old classmates at our re-union, the condition of our be- loved university and the subject of education in general are themes upermost in our minds on an occasion of this kind, and nothing is more natural and appropriate than that the alumni, whenever op- portunities offer, should give expression to their ideas on those subjects which their own experience in college and subsequent life may have taught them ; and whether these ideas be right or wrong, we all know there is nothing like a free interchange of opinion to produce and establish satisfactory conclusions in regard to all subjects. What little I have to say this afternoon, I most sincerely believe, although it may appear to smack somewhat of heresy concerning belief and practice. I therefore ask pardon to begin with, for uttering sentiments not as complimentarv as are usual and expected in speaking of our university. The question which I propound to you and myself is, did we as a class make the very best use of the time we spent in this institution of learn- ing? Were we permitted to employ those four years most profit- ably, or on the wdiole could a better scheme of education have been pursued by us in order to prepare ourselves for launching 380 Class of '70, Uni\'ersitv of Michigan. forth into the world as it now exists, and attaining those objects in life which we strnggle to possess ? "I for one, believe that nnich. very much, valuable time was misapplied which could have been employed to far better advant- age. It has always seemed to me that our education should have been more practical, in that, while our minds were being strength- ened, developed and enlarged liy mental labor, that labor should have been expended on subjects which would have made us better informed and more accomplished than we are or ever can hope to become. "It seems almost sacrilegious for me in these surroundings, to mention the study of the classics with anything but reverence and approval, and 1 most certainly do advocate their study to a limited extent, but I must confess with sorrow, that 1 heartily, Imt now vainly regret having devoted so much time in studying the dead and buried languages, which might have been applied not only to the modern languages, but to ether equally necessary studies which were entirely cnnvded out and neglected for the classics. Three years were expended in their study while preparing for college and the greater part of four years in college. It required at least two hours each day to prepare for the Latin and Greek recitations and an hour each day in reciting them, making in all six precious hours every day for seven long years and at the only time of their lives, when men can devote themselves exclusively to study. And in the words of the inspired poet I often feel like groaning out that sad refrain, 'Of all sad words of tongue or pen, the saddest are these, it might have been' OtJicrn'isc. "Now the classical course was well enough for those entering the universitv as professional antiquarians, who will in their future researches have occasion to revive and employ the dead languages, but for us who compose the great majority, wdio have to contend with the living practical, busy present, it seems really too bad that the classics should have been forced upon us in such wholesale quantities, to the neglect of more useful knowledge. Three years at the high school spent in learning the construction Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 381 of the classics were well spent, no doubt, for upon them are founded all modern languages ; but college days are not quite eternal, and the trouble was that so much of our time was devoted to the classic foundation, so-called, that there was no time left for the superstructure of modern languages, our own included, all of which were ccmparatively passed over with merely a glance. "lUit few students, except those aiming at professorships, can study the defunct languages with any heart, for there is no en- couragement in picking the old bones when students feel that their time is being laid out in studies which they, like their fathers before, will drop immediately the moment they receive their diplomas. "But, it is said, 'think of the mental discipline of Latin and Greek — the memoralile history — the political economy, and the important position of the classics in modern institutions — the mys- terious, indefinable influence upon the mind, etcetera.' True enough ; on the other hand, we say why not gain all this and more too l)v honestly studying classical histor\-, literature and economy in our own language, and thereby get a more full, rounded, and satisfactory knowledge of those subjects than by squirming through disconnected and miserably meagre portions of the original as we now do. I hereby affirm, from personal oljservation and information, that at least yo out of every lOO students ab- solutely shirk the drudgery of wearisome originals by using the ()xford translations without stint, which are so much easier and better than their own unsatisfactory attempts ; and this is so, even among the good l)oys whose consciences become very elastic on this subject. The ancients themselves whom we profess to ad- mire, acquired their vigor of mind, every originality of thought, and refinement of taste, not by studying out what happened, i,8oo years before their day, but by inquiring into the secrets of nature, the science cf political and social economy, and the philosophy of government ; always something of vital importance to themselves. "When the English universities were founded there was then good reason for all students to acquire Latin and Greek, because 382 Class of '70, University of Michigan. all their professions — law, medicine and theology — were written, studied and practiced in the classical languages ; Init that day and that reason no longer exist. We now pettifog, physic and exhort in plain English, or other spoken tongues, and there is no good reason why we should not study the history, economy and cus- toms of the Latins and Greeks likewise in English, just as we do those of the ancient Persians, Egyptians, Arahians and Phoenic- ians, all of whom are also entitled to our time and consideration. "Did students devote as much time and as faithfullv in acquir- ing a thorough knowledge of French and German as they do of Latin and Greek, they would graduate proficient French and Ger- man scholars. And let me ask you right here to show me an alumnus of three years age who would not gladly — nay, joyfully • — exchange his Latin and Greek for the ahility to read, write and speak V itii facility in French and German, and ram1)le at will through their fascinating literature and history — to say nothing of their business advantages — and _\-ou can expend all the mental labor you possess on those languages without exhausting them, and you can exercise as much memory, ingenuit}- and taste in their translation as in that of Latin and Greek." The excellent poem read on this occasion liy Edwin bdeming was published in the former class-book. The following quotation truthfully described the joyful emotion pictured on the counten- ance of every member of '70 there present : 'A poem you ask for? The hand of him take. Who sits there beside you. Is not that warm shake, A far truer poem than volumes that go forth, A singing of birds and of flowers and so forth ? And as I stand here trying to make these words rhyme, And my lame, unnnisical feet to keep time. You are looking the poetry all this while In the light of the eye and the joy of the smile, That betoken a somethins: which words can not tell — Department of Ltterature, Science, and Arts. 383 An ineffable something — }'0U know it fnll well — A something- the plethoric past doth unfold From liberal memory's magical nmuld. And with the bright present a woof interweaves — An evergreen garland refreshed with spring leaves." From the graceful remarks of Charles AF Wells, presenting the class cups, two short quotations are made. The address entire appeared in the former class publication. "You will undoubtedly ask wh}- this dual array of cups. A class so seldom undervalues itself that this, perhaps the first in- stance of the kind with '70, deserves special recognition. We could with reasonable certainty expect one class boy first. Our mistake was that we made no provision in our expectations for two boys first. Twins you ask? Xo ; contemporaries, double stars, simultaneous phenomena, competitors, neck and neck in the race for life and the cup." "This is the cup of life, empt}' of experience, it is full only in possibilities. Every possibility of human joy, every possibility of human woe. From this cup may 1)e drunk whatsoever the owner will. To drink wisely, so that each succeeding potion shall be richer and fuller than that preceding, and the last draught reveal at the bottom of the cup the pure metal, bright and untarnished — such is the responsibility of life." Charles Ballenger with fitting words thankfully received one of the cups for and on behalf of his son, \\'alter Sylvester, and S. R. Winchell, in appropriate verse, thanked the class on behalf of 384 Class of '70, University of Michigan. his son. Harley Corson, who was present on the stage and received his cuj) in person. Following" is an extract from Winchell's ac- ceptance, which was printed in fnll in the former hook issued hy the class : "Compared with this. Commencement I)a\- was naught. Xo ho\s then graced the nohle class of Seventy, Xo ladies then were numbered in our ranks, Ihit men alone we gathered in this church, Rejoicing all in single blessedness. But now one-third have learned the better way. One-third return to alma mater's halls Escorted by accessions to their ranks Such as inspire and animate the rest To follow suit and join the van-guard soon. This cup, so handsomely presented him, Harley shall take, since this is your desire. And humbl\- wcudd he thank you if he could, For such a treasure and such marked regard. "' In the evening of the same day we met at llangstefer's and en- joyed an old time ban([uet. Lovell acted as toastmaster and called forth many ha]5py responses to the impromptu toasts. The glee club as usual added cheer, variety and pleasure to the occasion. Reports from the absent were read. Those present recounted their own experiences for the three years last past. In the first three years of post-graduate life twenty-four of our number had mar- ried, enabling us to rejoice in the possession of twenty-four wives and nine children. Death had not then invatled our ranks. It wcndd scarcely be possible for any college class to meet under more pleasing conditons or to more thoroughly enjoy a re-union than did the class of '70 on this occasion. Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 385 In 1878 there met at Ann Arbor the following- six members of the elass. viz.: Ueman, Campbell, Howland, Pennington, Wliitman and Wing. They passed a resolntion naming the vear 1880 as the time for a general re-nnion. Whitman was selected as orator, Howlanch ahernatc ; Ijeman, poet; Wing, alternate. Accorchngly, in June, 1880, Bates, Beman, Burton, Campbell, Darrow, Dawson, Dodge, Fleming, Howland. Lovell, Matthews, ( )lds, I'enficld. Perr}-, Tha}er and Whitman were on hand at the appointed time. Pentield was cho-sen chairman and Burton sec- retary. A sumptuous Ijanquet was enjoyed. Whitman delivered an oration and Beman a Greek poem. These were followed by miscellaneous im])rom])tu speaking, b'inall}- the time arrived for the selection of one to represent the class and respond tu the class toast at the ahmmi dinner the following day. It had lieen ])re- viously whispered around to ah except Thayer that he was tu be imanimously chosen for this honor. Nominations were, however, regularlv made, many seriously urging their own ([uahhcatiuns for the coveted (hstinction. When in turn each one present had been nominated, except the genial "Judge." and the claims of each had been pressed with vigor, the chairman appointed Thayer as teller and a ballot was taken. He collected the l)allots and soon discovered, to his astonishment, that in classifying them he re- quired but a single pile, marked, "The Judge." At the same time he noticed that unusual silence prevailed. He looked arountl. ol)- served the unsuccessful attempts at suppressed merriment, saw- through the cut and dried affair like a tlash and annoiuiced. amidst a burst of laughter, that it was unnecessary to complete the count. The re-iuiion was in ever}- way successful. A shadow, liow- ever. which has since been increasing, hung over the class. Three of our graduate members — Blackburn. Wvlie and Campau — and seven of our non-graduate members — Johnson. Pollens. Graham. A. L. Andrews, r.eller. Smith, and Aver\- — had passed over the silent river. 386 Class of 'jo, University of Michigan. The next general re-union of the class was held in Jnne, 1890, when there gathered at our banquet tal)!e in the "old chapel" a delighted company as follows : Baker and wife, I'ates. Benian and wife. Boss. Bradlev and son, Bumpus, Burton, Campbell and wife. Carter, Cooler, Davock. Dawson, Fearon and wife. Ferguson, Gilbert, LeFevre and wife, LoA^ell and wife. Marsh. Xoble and wife and son. Olds, Penfield, Price, Stocking. Swift. Thayer, A'oorheis. Whitman and wife. Winchell and wife. Wing, Darrow. Stagg and son. This was our largest gathering since 1873. and was one long to be remembered by those present. ^lany of us had not met since 1870 — a period of twenty years — and our mutual greeting were most cordial. We were given a warm welcome by classmates Benian and Whitman and enjoyed ourselves at the banquet table during the greater portion of the night. Next morning was taken the group picture which appears at page 103 of this volume. In 1895, the secretar}-, being anxious to secure a large repre- sentation at the next re-union, said, in his circular letter to the class : "Duty and pleasure again prompt me to summon each and all of you to assemble at our alma uiatcr in the last week of the coming June. Xo one of you will question why ; no one of you will neglect the call. Our quarter-centennial, our silver wedding, appeals irresistiljly to our mutual friendship, to our loyal class- spirit, to our love for the classic halls of the university, and to our admiration for the charming city by the Huron where so many of our college days and months slipped by as peacefully and quiet- ly as sails upon a tranquil sea." It was gratifying to learn that no one who could attend did neglect the call, and that twenty-two re- sponded to their names at the re-union of that year, as follows : Bates, Beman, Burton, Campbell, Carter, Cooley, Davock, Daw- son, Emerson, Fleming, Gilbert, Hyde, Ketchum. N^oble. Olds. Perry, Price. Swift. Whitman. Wing, Darrow and Jacklin. Several Department of Literature, Science, and Arts. 38' were acconii:)anie(l ])_\- n]einl)crs of their families. The ban()uet was held in Harris Hall, corner of State and Huron streets. The meet- ing- was productive of much pleasure. Joyfi-d greeting's, college songs and impromptu speeches filled uy> the evening. Our class- mate, Wdiitman. royally entertained us at his residence on the fol- lowing- day. All were delighted with the opportunity given at this re-union to renew old time associations, and to relate and to hear the old time stories. The thirtieth anniversary of our graduation was celebrated at Ann Arbor in June, ujoo. by twenty members of the class and eight members of their families. They were 15ates, Air. and Mrs. I>eman, Miss lleman, Uradley. lUu'ton, Campbell, Carter, Cooley. Mr. and Mrs. Culley, Miss CuUey, Davock. Dawson, Mr. and Mrs. Dodge, French, Mr. and Mrs. Kintner, LeFevre, Matthews, Mr. and Mrs. Xoble, Olds and his son, Tindall, Wing, and Williams. The "boys" assembled in tlie forenoon of Wednesday, June 20th, at the university and exchanged greetings. In the afternoon we visited an art gallery and the picture on page 235 of this volume was taken. Mr. and Mrs. IJeman and Aliss l'>eman tendered us a reception from 4 to 6 p.m. at their residence and at 7 130 p.m. we sat down to our banquet table in Harris Hall. Letters and tele- grams bearing cordial greetings were read from P.aldwin. liaker. Boss, Christy, Darrow, Errett. Fearon. Fleming. Gunnison, Gil- bert, Howland. Hyde, Jacklin, Ketchum, Alaltman, Marsh, Pen- field. I'erry. Phillips. Maylmry. Price, Stocking, Stevens, Schock, Swift, Thayer, Thomson, Tweedy, Wattles, Wells and Winchell. The two representatives of '70's glee club, Campbell and Dawson, who were present, gave us some of the old-time songs, and each of the members present gave reminiscent talks which were enjoyed by all. At this meeting the secretary was authorized and requested to publish a new class-book, bringing the printed record of the class down to date. The present volume is the result. Besides the general re-unions at our ahiia mater at stated inter- vals there have been many local gatherings of members of the class on special occasions at Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, Cleve- 388 Class of 70, University of Michigan. land. New York and Washington. lUit few particnlars as to these meetings however are at hand. In Febrnary, igoi, Thayer enter- tained at the Cosmos Chib in Washington, Raker, Rowland, Le- Fevre, Noble. Penfield, Ripley and Stevens, and on the Satnrday evening following LeFevre entertained the same fellows. The Chicago boys met in July, 1901, on the occasion of Thayer's visit to that city and had a thoroughly enjoyable time. There were pres- ent Thayer, Dawson, Noble, Reed, Ripley. Whitman and Win- chell. Two days later the same generous band tendered a recep- tion to Culley and wife, who were en ronte ^^'est. There were present on this occasion at a delightful lunch, Culley and wife, Darrow and wife, Dawson and wife, Matthews and wife, Xol)le and wife. Reed and wife, Ripley and wife, \\'hitman. Winchell and wife, and Carter and wife. On October ii, iyc2, at Detroit, Bates, Davock, Day and Perry lunched together. The members of the class of '70 miss no opportimity to meet each other and revive the pleasant memories of days that are no more. The next regular class re-union is set for June, 1905. INDEX. Adams. Artluir C, i. 308, 311. 350, 363. 370- Adams, Prof. Charles K., 375. Allyn. George W.. 241. 308. 311, 316. 345. 354. 363- Alpha Delta Phi. 370. Alpha Nu. 360. 363. Andrews. Albion A., 243. 311. 316, 3I7- 318- 366. Andrews, Abner L.. 244. 309. 311. 316. 318. 363, 365, 385. Aristotelian JJebating Club, 332, 366. Avery, Sherman S.. 244, 309. 314. 316. 345. 363. 367. 371. 383. Bachelors of Arts. 350. Bachelors of Philosophy. 350. 351. Bachelors of Science. 350. Baker. ]\Iarcus. 2. 38, 103. 186. 315, ^^7. 330. 331. 345- 349. 350. ,363. 377^ 386. 387, 388. Baldwin, Albert E.. 245, 311, 316. Baldwin, John A., 7. 311, 317, 320, 326, 344, 350, 354, 356, 358, 359, 361, 362. 363, 370, 387. Ballenger, Charles. 11. 309. 311, 32^,. 324, 330, 344, 345. 35a. j,^:^, 354. 364. 365. 371. 37^- 373- 374. 378. 383. Barlow, Henry H., 14, 311, t,23. 350. 364. ,365. 370. 371. 37^^ 373- Ba.se Ball Club, 375. 389 Base Ball Game, 371. Bates, George W.. 15, 103, 235, 311, 318. 324. 3J4. 350, 354. 363. 365, 378. 385. 386, 387. 388. Beller, Jacob, Jr., 33. 245, 309, 311, 316, 365, 385. Beman, Wooster W., 26, 103, 227, 235, 311, 349. 350, .365, 377- 378, 385, 386, 387- Bennett, Henry Graves, 245, 311,315. Bird, Judson S., 28, 115, 154, 309, 312. 344, 349, 363, 366, 367, 378. Blackburn. Julius A., 30, 308, 309, 312, 318, 320, 321, 325, 326, 345, 350, 351. 356, 358, 359- 3(^2, 370, 373- 375' 37^' 3^5- Blanchard. James H., 32. 245, 312, 350, 377- Boise, Prof. James R., 20, 184, 375. "Bolts," 334. Boss, Clarence AL, 34. 103. 315, 3^19, 386, 387. Boughton, Darius F., 247, 312, 316, 366. Bowman. Charles A.. 247. 312, 316. Bradley. Franklin. 3J, 103. 235, 315, 345, 350, 363. 370. 374. 378. 386, 387. Bumpus, Patrick H., 43, 103, 189, 310, 312, 317, 326, 330, 345, 347, 348. 350. 364. 366. 371. 37^. 373, 377. 378. 386. seK) IXDEX. "Burlesque." 338, 339. 367. Burr, James D.. 248, 308. 309. 313, 363. Burton. Charles F.. 3. 46. 103. 196. 23S- 31^. 350. 365. 370. 377- 37^- 385. 386. 3S7. Bush, Thomas H., 40. 308. 310. 312, 318. 319. 323. 344. 345. 350, 354, 355. 356, 359. 362. 363. 366, 370, 377. 378. Campau. George T.. 51. 309. 312.317, 318. 320. 321. 327. 329. 330. 331. 344. 345, 347, 349. 350. 354, 363, 370. 378. 379. 385- Campliell. Oscar J.. 54. 103. 23^. 308. 315. 323. 324, 325. 326. 327. 329. 349, 350, 354, 336. 338, 339. 362. 364, 370, 371. 37-2- 373- 375. 378. 385. 386, 387. Carter, Charles S.. 62. 103. no. 233. 308. 312. 317. 319. 320. 321, 325, 3^7- 331. 344. 345. 350. 353. 354- 355. 364. 366, 367, 371, 372. 373. 374. 378. 386, 387. 388. Castalia, 374. Chapin, Prof. Lucius D., 373. Chappell, Delos A., 231. 314, 316. 367. 370. Chi Psi, 370. Christy. Thomas C, 71. 184. 243.308. 312. 318. 320. 321. 324. 323. 326, 327, 329. 345. 349. 330. 334. 335. 364, 370, 387. Civil Engineers, 349. "Class Boys," 331, 378, 383. 384. Class Canes. 323, 324. 333. "Class Cups." 331, 377. 383. 384. Class-Day Exercises, 346. 347. Class History by Stevens, 331. Class ^Meetings, 317. Class Officers — Freshman year. 317; Sophomore year. 319; Junior year. 322 ; Senior year. 326. Class Photographs, 327. 329. 330. 333. Class Prophecy. 347. 348. Class Roster. 311. Class Seal. 317. 318. 322. Cochran. A'arnum B.. 233 310. 312, 315- Cocker, Prof. Benjamin F., 123, 196, ^34. 375. 378, 379- College Rushes, 332. Commencement ( 26th Annual ) . 349, 350- 351. 35-'- Cooley, Eugene F., 73. 87. 103, 184, -235. 312. 350. 370. 375- 378. 386. 387. Culley. John L., 75, 233,310.312.349. 354. 364. 366. 367, 370. 387, 388. Curtis. Prof. Allen J.. 223. 233. 375. Darrow. Edward E.. 236. 103. 184. 312, 316. 320. 321. 344. 334. 333, 366, 374, 383. 386, 387. 388. Davock, Harlow P., 80. 35, 42, 76, 103. 235, 312, 318, 320, 321. 324, 326. 328. 330, 349, 350. 333, 363. 366. 370. 374, 386. 387. 388. Dawson. George E., 83. 103. 213. 233. 260. 312, 318. 319. 320. 326. 327. 328. 329. 330. 343. 330. 354, 356. 359, 363. 366. 374. 375- 378. 385. 386. 387. 388. Day, William R., 86, 123, 160, 186, 194, 196, 271, 272. 312, 318. 321. 326, 330. 343, 350, 364, 366, 370, 371. 372. 373- 374. 377. 388. Deceased Members, 309. Degrees Conferred. 349. 330. Delta Kappa Epsilon. 370. Dodge, Charles K.. 44, 92, 233. 312, 344. 345. 350, 363, 366, 371. 372. 373. 385. 387. D'Ooge. Prof. ]Martin L.. 20. 41. 301, 360, 373. Eastwood. John F.. 260. 312. 313. Echoes from College Davs, 311. Index. 391 Editors of "The Oracle," 320. 354. Greeley. Frank N., 261, 312, 316. 354 Editors of "The University Chron- "Greeley." ^^^2. 342. icle." 321, 355. Gunnison. Frank, 263, 312, 315. 387 Edwards. Charles S.. Jr.. g6. 312. Gymnasium. 321, 2^2. 333. 350. 354. 363. 365. 366. Haven. Pres. Erastus O.. 113. 224 Emerick. Frank. 261. 312. 316, 318, 2/2, 353. ^7^. 320. 354. 366. 371. Haven. Otis E.. 113. 184. 224, 310 Emerson. William T., 94. 310. 314. 312. 321, 345, 350. 370. 371. 372 350. 365. 371. .^7>^. .386. 373. 37S. Errett, Russell. 97. 315. 350. 387. Hawks. James D., 264, 312, 316, 363 Evans. Prof. Edward P.. 341. 353. 370. 375. Hayward. James A., 114. 309. 312 Fearon, Robert N., gg, 103, 314, 350. 322. 349, 350, 365. 354. 363, 370. 386, 387- Hill, Eben L.. 265. 308. 314. 3i6. 319 Ferguson, Luther E., 104, 103. 312. 363. 349, 365. 378- 386. Hill. Frank C., 267. 310. 315. 316. Finley, Achilles. 102. 312. 350. 365, Holliday. James C., 267, 310. 312, 366. 316. 354, 363. Fleming, Edwin. loi, 137. 186. 257. Hostetler, Joseph C.. 268, 313, 316, 314. 3^0, 321, 325, 326, 327. 328, 331, 366. 344, 345, 34g, 350, 355, 356, 359. Howe, Frank H., 120, 310. 315. 3?.^ 363. 370. 374. 37^- 382. 385. 386. 350. 365, 370. 387. Howland. John C., 117, 315, 324,329, Ford, Prof. Corydon L., 334, 375. 350, 363. 365, 366, 377. 378, 385, Foster, ^Morris B., 106, 308, 315, 350, 387. 388. 365. 366. Hurford. Samuel R.. 268. 313. 316. Franklin Statue. 329. 330. XU- 347- 363- 348, 349. Huron Debating Club. 33-' 3^7- Fraternity Boys, 370. Hyde, Washington, 122, 315. 344, French, George J., 108, 235, 312. 345, 349, 350, 363, 366, 377, 386, 3-2-2. 323. 324. 326, 350, 363. 372, 387. 373- 387. Independent Organization, 371. Frieze, Prof. Henry S.. 20. 195. 227. Jacklin. James E.. 269. 313. 316, 3i7. 346, 347, 349, 352, 375. 354, 386, 387. Gardner, Hamline J., 261, 309. 312, Johnson, John W., 270. 309, 313. 327. 316. 370. 328. 363, 365. 366. 370. 385. Gilbert. Charles P., iii, 35, 38, 103, Jones, Francis W., 123, 313. 344. 350, 168. 315, 326. 329. 349. 371. 374, 366. 378, 386. 387- "Judge." 333. XV^. 342. 377, 385. Glee Club. 333. 346. ^56, 378. Junior Exhibition, 334, 343. Graduate Members, i, 311. Kappa Phi Lambda, 370. Graham. Willis G.. 261. 309. 312. 315. Ketchum. Eugene. 128. 316. 330, 334, 385- 364. 363. 386, 387. 392 IxDKX. King. Edward P., 194. 271, 313. 315. Mcrriman. Prof. George B., 375. .^Wi. Mcyomlortt, IMichacl A.. 151, 186. Kintner, Cliarles ].. 133, _v,5, 313. 313. 321. ^jg, 350. 3(14. 370, 374. 317. ,^22. 345, 350. 303. 3(15, 30(1. Micklc. (ioorge \\'.. 3, 28. 115, 154. ^75- ^77- 37^- 3i^7- '7-'. .^i,^ .^50- .^64. 365, 366. 378. Kniglit, Earlc ].. 273. 313, 315. 317. Mills, Joscjili J.. 280. 315. 316. La]7. 313. 3T5. ^laxwell. John L.. 279. 310. 313. 31(1. Perry. Aaron, idh. 313. 327. 344. 350. 364. 365. 371. 3O4. 365. 367. 37-^- 373- 378. 385. Maybury. William C. 27^.. 313. 31(1. :i,S6. 387. 388. 320. 345. 3(14. 370. 387. l^hi Delta Theta. 370. McCormack. Zuinglius K.. 279. 308. Phillips. Maxwell A.. 288. 308. 313, 313. 310. 317. 321. 30;i. 370. 316. 319. 3b4. 365. 366. 387. Index. 393 I'hilii/ctiaii Di'liatiiig C'lul), 3,?-^. .^^'5- Pollens, Julius J,, jyo, ,^09, ,^13, ,?i6, 364. 385. Preston, I'enjainin T. K., jgi, ,?i,?, 3i(>. J,.. 10,^, 170, p,i^. ,^50, 366, 377, 386, 3H7. Prize Debate, 360, 374. Psi r|)>ilon, 370. Reed. Hugh T., 292, 308, 315, 310. 388. Reunions. 377. Ripley. Henry C, 115, \()0. 171, 313, 3ig, 324, ^-^jCk 32., 296, 314, 315. Sigma Phi, 371. Sigma Tau, _^P7. Simmons, Arthur R., 297, 314, 316, 370. Smith, James S., ,?oo, 308, 309, 314, 3'<''. 385. Soldiers' Roll of Honor, 308. Sophomore Exhibitions, ^ii^,;^, 344. Sox, Edward F., 298, 308, 315, 316, ?,(V- Spence, Prof. Adam K. 109, j_^t,. 373. Stagg, William. 301. 308. 310, 314. 316. 370, 386. Stanford. Mortimer H.. 303. 308, 314, 315, 366. Stevens, Walter R., 180, 314, 319, 321. 326, 331, 345, 347, 348, 349, 350, 353, 354. 355, 363. 364. 366. 371- 37-i. ?,73- 374- 387. 388. Stevens' Class History. 331. 347. 348. Stocking, Leonard E.. 103, 182, 270, 314, 321, 328, 350, 364, 366, 370. 371, 372, 373, 386, 387. 354- 353- 308. 370, M., ,303, ,?o8, 314, ., >>7. 103, 184, 324, 325, 3-'6, Students' Christian Association, Students" Lecture Association, Students in University, 37(). Swift, Lucius P.., 103, 183, 2,59, 314, 349, 350, 354, 3O5, 366, 374. 386, 387. Taylor. Charles 310, 370. Thayer. Rufus 1 .V7- 3iy, 3-'i. 350, 354. 355- 3f>o. 3^'4. 365. ?.70- 371. 37^- 373- 385. 386. 388. Tlu' "Pony." ,^1. Thompson. Judson N., 30O, 310 316. Thoi'.ison. Alexander, 314, 321, 322, 326, 348, 350, 365, 366, 3^7- Tindall. Orlando L., 350. 365, 387. Tweedy. James F.. 38 350, 370. 377^ 3^7- Tyler, Prof. Moses ( 322, T,J,}. 353, 368. 375. L^niversity Chronicle. ^2\, 355. University Day, 326, 327. 374. Uni\ersity Glee Club. 356. 339. Yoorheis, Peter, 103, 197, 310, 324. 344, 350, 354, :^(\]. 364, 366, 371, 372, 373. 386. Walker, Samuel W., 344- 3(>(>- Waters. William J.. 314, 319, 322, 349, 369, 378. Watson, Prof. James C, 3, 20, 134, 214, 234, 327, 369, 375. Wattles. Greenleaf C, 306, 314, 320, 354, 367, 370. Wattles, Oliver H., 200, 314, 350. 366. 387. 314- 345. 3^'6. .387, 314, 103, 1^7. 308. 330, 3A4- 347. 3(>7- 374. 377. 190, -'35- 315. i'J3. 3 1 4. 3-\S. "oit, 227, 3-'0, 374. 377- 306, ,? ! 4, 28, 1 1 3, 314. 3f'5. 37^, 316, 199, 133. 316. 318, 394 Index. Weisbrod, Albert \V., 41, 105, 202, 310, 314, 350. 371, i72, 373. Wells, Charles M.. 204, 236, 308, 315, ^22, 345, 3=10, 353, 363, 364. 365, 366. Z7i- 374. 378. 383. 387. Whitman, Charles R.. 103, 109, 212, 314, 321, 345, 350, 7,77. 378. 385, 386. 387. 388. Williams, Prof. George P.. 227. 324. 375- Williams, Walter W., 307, 314, 316. 370. 387. Willits, Warren C, 115, 199. 218. 310, 314, 319, 320. 321. 350. 365. 367. Winchell. Prof. Alexander, 123, 222. 224. 225. 242, 353, 375. Winchell, Samuel R., 42, 103, 221, 315. 324, 345, 350, 355, 356, 364, 370. 377. 378. .?83. 386, 387, 388. Wing, Charles G., 103, 235, 236, 270, 308, 314, 321, 322, Z2i, 326, 327. ?,-\7- 348. 350. 363. 364. 366, 371. 372. 373. 385, 386, 387. Wood. Prof. De Volson, 35, 37^. Wylie, Thomas, 236, 309, 315, 322, 350. 354. 364. 366, 385- Zeta Psi. 371. 14 iSUd ^'^^i^f^r'-' 'V^: