DA Hs SfcJTLINK Li S 'NS TVTiO: IISTO REYNOLDS Class T> A ^2. , Book - C Copyright N° - COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT: OUTLINE LESSONS IN ENGLISH HISTORY BY KATE B. REYNOLDS, A. B. (vassar) Teacher in Miss Spence's School, New York Hbe ftntcfeerbocfeer press New York ^ 1, 4, Copyrighted KATE B. REYNOLDS iqog 2 4 8 5 9 2 Ube IKnicfeeibocfcer fliiess, mew U?orft Aim. EXPLANATION The method of teaching history, which the following Outline Lessons suggest, is due to experience, gained in private schools where an extensive curriculum and a short term usually combine to limit each course in history to sixty or, at most, seventy lessons. To judge from intercourse with pupils of many different schools, this limitation often results in careful study of the earlier periods of English History, for instance, and entire ignorance of the later ones, or leads to such a rapid scanning of the text-book that the pupil's mind is confused and contains an accumulation of disconnected facts, but no lasting and logical knowledge of essentials. These Lessons, therefore, attempt to simplify the study of English History for elementary classes in order that their members may learn to recognize the relative importance of events and may have a clear outline, firmly fixed in their minds as a foundation for more advanced work, such as college preparation. Because of this purpose, many dates and all details are omitted. Use of Outline. As the danger always exists that children may learn "by heart," and not intelligently, it is imperative that they know the meanings of words and reason about each state- ment. Consequently, questions on the text are varied in all possible ways. Every effort is made to force the pupils to recall facts by deduction, rather than by mechanical memory. The careful training of their reasoning powers also does away with the necessity for much of the comment in the elementary text-book. Furthermore, the moment they appreciate that they can come to correct conclusions through their own efforts, that moment they become keenly interested in their subject. 2 Explanation Scheme of Usual Lessons. A page of the outline which has been reasoned out, de-' veloped, and explained in the previous recitation is learned; all places mentioned are located on the map ; dates in heavy type are committed to memory. Five or six pages, on the same topic, are read in a good text-book, for subsequent discussion in the class-room. Scheme of Incidental Lessons. (See pages 57-65 for references.) A short composition, for which the teacher has suggested the source of material, is written on some famous man or woman of each epoch. Such lessons aim to give the pupils a conception of the life of the period they are studying, and to make them realize that historical characters are "real" men and women. Scheme of General Review Lessons. (See pages 8, 9, 10, etc.) In addition to constant daily review, a brief survey of each era of the national life is made, after the detailed study of it has been completed. Something is learned, also, of the great contemporary movements in the rest of the world, so that the connection between them and the history of the English people may be noted. Since these comparative reviews are intended, primarily, for the correlation of those facts which the children have acquired by previous reading and study, the emphasis laid on them must vary with the mental ability of each class. They are found practical for the average pupil of fourteen. PERIODS OF ENGLISH HISTORY. i. Invasion. 55 B. C— 1154 A. D. 2. National growth. 1154-1485. 3. Reformation and Renaissance. 1485-1603. 4. Revolution. 1603-1688. " Great Rebellion. " " Commonwealth. " " Restoration." " Glorious Revolution. 5. Expansion. 1688-1820. 6. Internal development. 1820-1909. OUTLINE LESSONS IN ENGLISH HISTORY EARLY INHABITANTS OF BRITAIN. Lesson I. Principal tribes. CELTS. Gael, in the North. Britons, in the South. Character. Warlike, and until Roman Conquest, practically un- civilized. Religion. Druidism. Example of building. Stonehenge ("raised stones"). Outline Lessons FOUR INVASIONS OF BRITAIN Invasion. , By Julius Caesar, 55-54 B. C. Beginning of conquest. By Emperor Claudius, 43 A. D. Withdrawal of Roman troops. Because of barbaric invasions of Italy, 410. Results of occupation. The Celts were Christianized and civilized to some extent, but were weakened as fighters. Invasion of Jutes, Saxons, and Angles, 449. Heathen Teutonic tribes, from northwestern Germany, expelled, enslaved, or killed the Celts. Conversion to Christianity. By St. Augustine, 507. Greatest king, 871-901. Alfred, the grandson of Egbert who was first overlord of all England. Importance. Gave England its institutions and language. Settlements. To be indicated on outline map as class-room work. Composition on one of the topics suggested for Roman Period. See'page 59. Composition on one of the topics suggested for Saxon ^Period. See page 59. invasion Invasions. Earliest recorded invasion of Danes was 787. Danes were Northmen or Vikings from Scandinavia. Kings. Canute and his sons ruled England, 1016-1042. Restoration of Saxon Kings, 1042- 1066. Edward, the " Confessor." Harold. Invasion. By William, the "Conqueror," who claimed the English throne because of the descent of his wife, Matilda, from Alfred, the promise of Edward, and the oath of Harold. William defeated the Saxon king, Harold, in the battle of Senlac or Hastings, 1066. Influence. Government centralized. Feudal system (with romance and chivalry) introduced. Connection with Continent, helped England to develop intellectually and commercially. Norman language, architecture, fashions, and sports, introduced. Norman civilization affected English civilization, but did not predominate over it in the end. Kings, 1 066-1 154. William I., the "Conqueror." William II., "Rufus." Henry I., "Lion of Justice." Stephen, Nephew of Henry I Sons of William I. Composition on one of the topics suggested for Norman Period. See page 60. Outline Lessons Lesson VII. INVADING NATIONS. SUMMARY OF PERIOD OF INVASION. 55 B. C— 1154 A. D. Romans, 55 B. C. — 410 A. D. Saxons, etc., 449. Danes, 787. Normans, 1066. By 1350, had become one nation, in which Saxon characteristics pre- dominated. LITERA- TURE. Anglo-Saxon. Epic: Beowulf. Prose work: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Norman. Story of King Arthur, developed in Latin and French. Review COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PERIOD OF INVASION BY CENTURIES. English History proper had not begun. Lesson VIII. FIRST TO FOURTH CENTURIES. FIFTH CENTURY. Saxons and other Teutonic tribes began their invasions of Britain. Contemporary Events: Preaching of St. Jerome (420). Mission of St. Patrick to the Irish (about 450). Fall of Roman Empire of the West, due in part to bar- baric invasions (476). Conversion of Anglo-Saxons to Christianity was begun by SIXTH St. Augustine, 597. CENTURY. King Arthur, a Celtic chief, opposed Saxon tribes. Contemporary Event: Roman emperors of the East were struggling with barbaric tribes. Council of Whitby (664) decided that English Church should SEVENTH remain loyal to Rome. CENTURY. Saxons began to have a literature. The famous poet was Caedmon. Contemporary Events: The Saracens under Mohammed (died 632) and his successors were conquering in southern Europe and northern Africa. The Kingdoms of Angles and Saxons were gradually uniting. EIGHTH Bede was the famous teacher. CENTURY. The epic, Beowulf, was probably put into writing. Contemporary Events; Pipin, the " Short," of France, laid foundations! for the temporal power of the Pope (756). Charlemagne, later Holy Roman Emperor, at whose court Egbert spent fourteen years, and whose famous scholar was Alcuin, checked advances of Saracens (778). Lesson IX. NINTH CENTURY. 10 Outline Lessons COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PERIOD (Continued) . OF INVASION Alfred, the "Great," general, statesman, and patron of learning was the important Anglo-Saxon King. Contemporary Events. Northmen (Danes) were ravaging the countries of northern Europe, and Saracens (Moors) were con- quering southern Europe. France and Germany became separate in the time of Charlemagne's grandsons. TENTH CENTURY. The Anglo-Saxon Kings continued to struggle against the Northmen or Danes. The greatest statesman was Arch- bishop]Dunstan. Contemporary Events. Political disorganization in Europe. Northmen, Slavs, Hungarians, and Saracens con- tinued to attack western Europe. Rollo, the Northman, became Duke of Normandy (911). America was discovered by Northmen (1000). Rise of cities such as Genoa and Pisa. ELEVENTH Danes conquered England and ruled it from 1 01 6 to 1042, when CENTURY. Anglo-Saxon kings were restored. The great Danish king was Canute. William, the Norman, began his conquest of England in 1066. Contemporary Events. Crusades began. Macbeth made himself king of Scotland (1039). The Cid was the great hero of Spain (1099). THE ENGLISH, A NATION Outline Lessons Lesson X PLANTAGENET KINGS, 1154-1399. HENRY II. Claim to throne. 1154 -11, Grandson of Henry I. Was descended from Normans, Scotch, and Anglo-Saxons. Court language. French, but English was beginning to assert itself. Policy. To make nobles less warlike, by allowing payment of scutage (shield money) and by maintaining a standing army. To enforce justice, by establishing circuit courts and juries. To punish crimes of laymen and churchmen, alike, and to control civil power of the church, by Constitutions of Clarendon (1164), which were op- posed by Thomas a Becket, r Archbishop of Canterbury. Henry's French possessions included Normandy, Anjou, Maine, Tou raine, and the overlordship of Brittany. By his marriage, he acquired Aquitaine. National GrowtH 13 Lesson XI. Richard I., the "Lion-hearted" and the "Absentee." RICHARD I. (Son of Hen- Went on the Third Crusade with Philip II. of France. ry II.) 1189-1199. Quarrels of John. JOHN "LACK- With Church. LAND." ( Son of Hen- John forced to become vassal of the Pope (Innocent ry II.) III.) and to accept Stephen Langton as Archbishop l ^9 of Canterbury. With France. By Battle of Bouvines, John lost Normandy. With Barons. John forced to agree to Magna Carta, the foundation of English liberty, 121 5. War of Henry III., with Barons. HENRY III. Weakness of king led to Civil War. Simon de Montfort, ^ , ■* ' to 1216-1272. after his victory at Lewes, summoned a Parliament practically the beginning of self-government by the English as a nation. Lesson XII . Composition on one of the topics suggested for Early Plantagenet Period. See page 60. 14 Outline Lessons Lesson XIII. EDWARD I. "LONG- SHANKS." (Son of Hen- ry III.) 1272-1307. Conquest of Wales. (Edward's oldest son given title, " Prince of Wales. ") Model Parliament, 1295. Consisted of bishops, temporal lords, and representatives of towns, shires, and parishes. War with Scotland. Edward, as arbitrator in Scottish quarrel, decided in favor of John Baliol, as claimant of Scottish throne. William Wallace was defeated in the battle of Falkirk, was captured and, later, executed as a traitor. Edward died before conquest was completed. EDWARD II. (Son of Ed- ward I.) 1307-1327. War with Scotland. Robert Bruce (II.) won independence of Scotland in battle of Bannockburn (13 14). Deposition and murder of Edward II. National GrowtH 15 Hundred Years' War with France begun. Causes : Commercial rivalry of France and England. Interference of France in Scottish affairs. (Edward's claim to French Crown.) Important events: Battle of Crecy, won by the English, 1346. Capture of Calais, by the English. Battle of Poictiers, won by the English, under the "Black Prince" (1356). Result : In spite of victories, England was forced to give up French provinces, except some cities on the coast. Relations with Scotland. Edward acknowledged the independence of Scotland. Lesson XIV, EDWARD III. THE "ROYAL WOOL MER- CHANT." (Son of Ed- ward II.) i327- x 377- Literature. Geoffrey Chaucer, died 1400, " Father of English Poetry," Author of " Canterbury Tales. " John Wyclif, "Morning Star of the Reformation." Version of Bible in English was largely his work. Attacked power and evil customs of clergy. Taught direct responsibility to God. Founded order of poor preachers, Lollards. i6 Outline Lessons Lesson XV. EDWARD III. (Continued.) General conditions. Formation of English nation was complete. Shown in: General use of English language (Anglo-Saxon, modified chiefly by French.) Growth of literature, English in spirit. Increasing power of Parliament and its separation into two houses. Wide extension of commerce. Growth of towns. Spirit of national independence. Decay of feudalism. (This was partly due to change in relations of landlords and laborers, caused by the " Black Death." RICHARD II. (Grandson of Edward III.) I377-I399- Lesson XVI. Revolt of peasants under Wat Tyler. Put down with great cruelty. Promises of king not kept. Deposition. Compelled to resign throne to Henry Bolingbroke, son of John of Gaunt. Composition on one of the topics suggested for Later Plan- tagenet Period. See page 61. National GrowtH 17 LANCASTRIAN KINGS. 1399-1461. Claim to throne. Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, who was a son of Edward III. Was elected by Parliament. Over- looked the claims of descendants of Lionel, older son of Edward III. Rebellions. Led by Harry Percy, called " Hotspur" and others. Were unsuccessful. (Ballad of Chevy Chase.) House of Commons. Gained great power because Henry was careful to rule according to law. Lesson XVII. HENRY IV. (Grandson of Edward III.) 1399-1413- Hundred Years' War with France renewed. Battle of Agincourt, 141 5. Victory for the English. HENRY V. "PRINCE HAL." (Son of Hen- ry IV.) 1413-1422. Lesson x g Outline Lessons XVIII. 1422-1461. HENRY VI. War with France, continued. (Son of Hen- ry V.) Siege of Orleans raised by Joan of Arc, who was betrayed by the French and burned by the English. English were defeated and lost all possessions in France except Calais. ( Yorkists, White Rose. Wars of the Roses, 1455-1485. { Lancastrians, Red Rose. Causes. Ill success of the Hundred Years' War with France. Rivalry of Lancastrians and Yorkists. Important battles. St. Albans (1455). Henry VI. captured by Yorkists. Northampton (1460). Richard, Duke of York, made heir to the throne. Wakefield (1460). Richard killed. St. Albans 2nd (1461). Henry VI. rescued by Lancastrians under Queen Margaret. Edward, son of Richard, however, was crowned king in London. Towton (1461). Yorkists were victorious. Henry VI. and Margaret fled to Scotland. National GrowtH 19 YORKIST KINGS, 1461-1485. Continuation of Wars of the Roses. Warwick, the "King-maker," restored Henry VI. (1470). Battles of Barnet and Tewksbury, won by Yorkists (1471), Death of Henry VI. in the Tower (147 1). Printing introduced into England (1471) by William Caxton. Lesson XIX. EDWARD IV. (Descendant of Lionel, son of EDWARD III.) 1461-1483. Edward V. was murdered by order of his uncle, Richard, Duke of Gloucester. Continuation of Wars of the Roses. Battle of Bosworth (1485). Lancastrians victorious under Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, great-great-grandson of John of Gaunt. Henry married Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV. Outline map of the Wars of tihe Roses filled in, as class-room work. Composition on one of the topics suggested for Lancastrian and Yorkist Period. See page 61 EDWARD V. (Son of Ed- ward IV.) April to June, 1483. RICHARD III. (Brother of Edward IV.) 1483-1485. Lesson XX. 20 Outline Lessons Lesson XXI. KINGS. SUMMARY OF PERIOD OF FORMATION OF ENGLISH NATION AND OF GROWTH OF A SYSTEM OF GOV- ERNMENT, ACCORDING TO ANGLO-SAXON STANDARDS. 1154-1485. Plantagenet. Henry II. Richard I. John Henry III. Edward I. Edward II. Edward III. Richard II. Lancastrian. Henry IV. Henry V. Henry VI. Yorkist. Edward IV. Edward V. Richard III. Twelfth Century. Thirteenth Century. Fourteenth Century. Fifteenth Century LITERA- TURE. Geoffrey Chaucer. "Father of English Poetry" (1340-1400). John Wyclif. " Morning Star of the Reformation. " (1384) R eview 21 COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PERIOD OF NATIONAL GROWTH BY CENTURIES. Henry I. and Stephen, Norman kings, were succeeded by Henry II., Richard L, and John, who were Plantagenets. Thomas a Becket was the famous ecclesiastical statesman of Henry II.'s reign. Contemporary Events. Second and Third Crusades. The famous Turkish leader was Saladin. Frederick I., Barbarossa, became Holy Roman Emperor (1152). Rise of Waldenses (1160?), forerunners of French Protestants. Hanseatic League of cities of northern Germany was formed. John, Henry III. and Edward I., Plantagenets, were rulers of England. Layamon wrote the " Brut," the first English poem after the " Conquest." Roger Bacon was the great English representative of the Schoolmen. Contemporary Events. Schoolmen were chiefly occupied with metaphysical and theological questions. St. Francis of Assisi and St. Dominic of Spain founded orders of friars. Crusades were continued and ended disastrously. Marco Polo visited court of Kublai Khan (China). Alhambra built in Granada, Spain (1273). Cimabue revived the art of painting in Italy (1300). Lesson XXII. TWELFTH CENTURY. THIR- TEENTH CENTURY. 22 Outline Lessons COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PERIOD OF NATIONAL Lesson GROWTH (Continued). XXIII. v FOUR- Edward II., Edward III., and Richard II. , Plantagenets, ruled TEENTH England. (Henry IV. of Lancaster came to throne, 1399.) Wyclif and Chaucer were the first great writers in English. Contemporary Events. Great movement of the century was the rise of the middle class. Swiss Confederacy was founded. William Tell, legendary hero. Robert Bruce led the people in Scotland. Rienzi attempted 'to reform the government of Rome (i347)- "Babylonian Captivity" (1305-1377.) Popes were kept in Avignon by French kings. Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio were the great poets of Italy. Mystery plays became popular. FIF_ Henry IV., Henry V., Henry VI, were succeeded by Edward TEENTH IV., Edward V., and Richard III., who was defeated by CENTURY. Henry Tudor (Henry VII.). Contemporary Events. Printing was probably invented by John Gutenberg of Mainz, Germany (about 1450). Constantinople was captured by the Turks (1453). The Medici family were patrons of art and literature in Florence. Savonarola, the reformer of Florence, was executed (1498). America was discovered by Columbus (1492). Louis XL, the "Nero of France," became king of France (1461-1483). Ferdinand (147 9-1 5 16) and Isabella ruled Christian Spain and conquered the Moorish kingdom. Reformation and Renaissance 23 TUDOR RULERS, 1485-1603. Lesson XXIV. Increase of king's power, due to HENRY VII. Money, obtained by Parliamentary grant, by forced (Descendant loans and benevolences, by revival of obsolete ° ~J° ~\ 3 Gaunt.) feudal claims, etc. 1485-1509. The Star Chamber Court, established to enable king to act independently of ordinary courts. Weakness of nobles, because of Wars of the Roses and new method of fighting, since invention of gun- powder. Claimants of throne. Lambert Simnel, personating Earl of Warwick, nephew of Edward IV. Perkin Warbeck, personating Richard, son of Edward IV. Commerce developed. Tyndale's New Testament, (published 1506). 24 Outline Lessons Lesson XXV. HENRY VIII. (Son of Hen- ry VII.) 1509-1547. Foreign policy. Largely directed by Cardinal Wolsey who wished to be Pope. Henry took part in Continental wars, siding sometimes with Charles V., Holy Roman Emperor (who ruled Spain, Netherlands, Germany, and Austrian possessions), and sometimes with Francis I. of France. Relations with Scotland. James IV. of Scotland invaded England and was defeated at Flodden Field. Revival of learning. John Colet founded St. Paul's School. Sir Thomas More was statesman, author, and patron of learning. Erasmus, famous Dutch scholar, spent much time in England. • Separation of English Church from Rome. Henry made himself "Supreme Head" of English Church which remained Catholic in doctrine (1534). Coverdale's Bible was published (1536). Monasteries were suppressed (1 536-1 539). Reformation and Renaissance 2 5 Progress of English Reformation under Edward VI. Churches stripped of images and pictures. Cranmer's Bible (the "Great Bible") published. Prayer Book in English compiled and its use compelled in all churches. Church had become Protestant, both in form and doctrine. Attempt to change succession. Duke of Northumberland attempted to have crown go to his daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Grey, as Edward's older sister, Mary, was an ardent Catholic. (Lady Jane Grey was beheaded in time of Mary.) Lesson XXVI. EDWARD VI. (Son of Henry VIII.) I547-I553- Restoration of Catholic Church by Mary I. Xon-Catholics treated as political offenders. Archbishop Cranmer and many others put to death. War with France. Mary joined her husband, Philip II. of Spain, in a war against France, and lost Calais, the last English posses- sion in France. MARY I. (Daughter of Henry VIII.) 1553-^558- XXVII 2( * Outline Lessons ELIZABETH, Aim. THE "VIR- To mSL \r e England strong. „ ~~~; . .. To offend neither Catholic nor Protestant. QUEEN." (Daughter Progress of Reformation. of Henry Anglican Church was Protestant in belief, but retained VIII.) many Catholic ceremonies. 1 5 58-1 603. Court of High Commission. Persecuted Non-Conformists. New Protestant sects, beginning to form (all influenced by French reformer, John Calvin of Geneva) . Puritans wished to simplify the Established Church. Presby- terians, a branch of the Puritans, already established in Scotland by John Knox, wished church organization to be governed by a committee of ministers and elders, elected by the Church members. Separatists held that each congregation ought to govern itself. Relations with Mary Stuart, " Queen of Scots." Mary, who was supported by Catholics, was proved to be intriguing to gain English throne and was beheaded by order of Elizabeth. Relations with Philip II. of Spain. Spanish Armada was defeated in English Channel (1588). As a result, England became a great naval and colonizing nation. Rise of English navy. Captain John Hawkins and Sir Francis Drake were famous seamen. Conquest of Ireland. By end of Elizabeth's reign, all Irish chiefs owned al- legiance to English crown. Literature. Edmund Spenser — "Faery Queene." William Shakespere — Dramas. Francis Bacon — Essays. Lesson XXVIII. Composition on one of the topics suggested for Tudor Period. See page 62. Summary SUMMARY OF TUDOR PERIOD, 1485-1603. Period of commercial growth, of intellectual and religious awakening (Reformation and Renaissance), but of political despotism. Tudors. Henry VII. Henry VIII. Edward VI. Mary. Elizabeth. Lesson XXIX. RULERS. "Golden Age." Edmund Spenser. William Shakespere. Francis Bacon. LITERA- TURE. Note. — From 1450-1650, the political, intellectual, and religious ideals of European nations were changing. The medieval period was ending and the modern beginning. Outline Lessons Lesson XXX. SIXTEENTH CENTURY- COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF TUDOR PERIOD. Henry VII., Henry VIIL, Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth, Tudors, ruled England. Some Contemporary Names of Note. Rulers (who were engaged in religious quarrels). Charles V., Holy Roman Emperor (1519-1556). Philip II., King of Spain after Charles V.'s abdica- tion. Was successfully opposed in Netherlands by William, the Silent (murdered 1584). Francis I. (15 15-1547). Patron of art 1 and literature Catherine de Medici, mother of Charles ! IX. Was responsible for massacre | of St. Bartholomew's Day (1572). Henry IV., Bourbon (1589-1610). J Reformers. Martin Luther of Germany (died 1 5 46) . John Calvin of Geneva (died 1564). ' Ignatius Loyola of Spain (died 1556). Artists. Albert Diirer of Germany (died 1528) Raphael (died 1520). Michael Angelo (died 1564). Authors. Machiavelli (died 1527 ); — The' ' Prince . ' ' Ariosto (died 1533) — poet. Tasso (died 1595)— poet. Cervantes (died 1616) — "Don Quixote Montaigne (died 1592) — Essays. Scientist. Copernicus of Poland (died 1543)- Founder of modern system of astronomy. Explorers. Magellan (killed 1521). Portuguese One of his vessels circumnavigated the Globe Cortez. Spanish. Explored Mexico (15 19-15 21). Import- ant rulers in France. Protest- ant. Catholic. Italian. Italian. Spanish. French. Revolution 29 STUART RULERS, 1603-1688. vvv? A A A 1 . Aim. JAMES I. (Son of To rule independently of laws because of " Divine right of Mary, "Queen ki - of Scots," & ' and Cousin of Elizabeth.) Relations with Catholics. 1603-162 5. " Gunpowder Plot, " formed by some Catholics to blow up Houses of Parliament, was discovered. Guy Fawkes and other conspirators were executed. This plot led to further severe laws against Catholics. Relations with Parliament. James usurped powers of Parliament but met with de- termined opposition. Colonization of Virginia and New England. Jamestown, Va., founded 1607. Plymouth, Mass., founded 1620. Interesting events. Execution of Sir Walter Raleigh. Death of Shakespere, 1616. King James' Version of the Scriptures (completed 161 1). 3° Outline Lessons Lesson XXXII. CHARLES I., THE "MAR- TYR KING." (Son of James I.) 1625-1649. Relations with Parliament (to 1629). King attempted to show that he was superior to Parlia- ment, which forced him to sign "Petition of Right" and so to acknowledge the right of the English people to govern themselves, 1628. The Parliament of 1629 continued to oppose the king and he dismissed it. The Puritans had become a strong political party opposed to the State Religion. Tyranny (162 9-1 640). King ruled without a Parliament for eleven years. William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Thomas Went- worth, Earl of Strafford, were the king's chief advisers. The Star Chamber Court was used to collect " ship money " and other illegal taxes. The Court of High Commission was used to punish all those refusing to adhere to the Established Church. Revolution 31 Lesson XXXIII. Long Parliament (i 640-1 6 53). CHARLES I. Called to gain money to fight Scots. {Continued.) Forced king to acknowledge superiority of Parliament. Published "Grand Remonstrance" which led' to Charles' attempt to arrest the five members (among them John Hampden) who had been leaders in the " Remonstrance." Civil War or the "Great Rebellion," 1642-1649. Leaders. Royalist: Charles I. Prince Rupert. Parliamentary: Sir Thomas Fairfax. Oliver Cromwell. Battles. Marston Moor (1644). ) Naseby (1645). r Won by Parliament. Preston (1648). j Trial and execution of Charles I., 1649. Judges selected by members of House of Commons, who were left after "Pride's Purge," which shut out all those thought to be favorable to the king. 32 Outline Lessons Lesson XXXIV. [OLIVER CROMWELL] 1649-1658. The Commonwealth (1649-16 53). England governed by the "Rump Parliament." Cromwell carried on war in Ireland and subdued it after massacre at Drogheda. Scots supported Prince Charles and were defeated at Dunbar and Worcester. Robert Blake defeated the Dutch and helped to secure the respect of foreign nations for the new republic. "Rump Parliament" became corrupt and selfish, so Cromwell put "Barebone's Parliament" in its place. The Protectorate (1653-1660). Oliver Cromwell was chosen Lord Protector, according to the " Instrument of Government. " After Cromwell's death (1658)/ his son, Richard Crom- well, succeeded him, but soon resigned. The army and General Monk controlled the country (1659-1660). Map of the Civil War, as class-room work. Note. — Puritan movement culminated in rule of Oliver Cromwell. Its decline, after his death, was due to extreme religious and political convic- tions of various Dissenters. Revolution 33 The "Restoration," 1660. Meant the return of Stuart rule, of Anglican Church as the State Church, and of old amusements and dis- sipations. Legislation, showing intolerance. Act of Uniformity. Stated that all clergymen must use Anglican prayer- book. Conventicle Act. Forbade religious meetings of Dissenters. Test Act. Stated that no Dissenters were to hold politicaloffice . (Because of such laws, John Bunyan was imprisoned and John Milton was threatened, but finally pardoned.) Dutch Wars (1665-67) (167 2-1674). Colony of New Amsterdam (N. Y.) surrendered to English fleet (1664). Was gained by treaty (1667). I The Great Plague. { The Great Fire. Annus Mirabilis (1666). Secret Treaty of Dover (1670). Made with Louis XIV. of France, who paid Charles to be tolerant to Catholics and to break alliance with Dutch (made in 1668). Habeas Corpus Act (1679). No person to be kept in prison without trial. American colonies. Carolinas. Given by Charles to his friends. New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Settled by William Penn and other Quakers. Composition on one of the topics suggested for Early Stuart Period. See page 63. Lesson XXXV. CHARLES II., THE "MERRY MONARCH." (Son of Charles I. Brought up in France.) 1660-1685. Lesson XXXVL 34 Outline Lessons Lesson XXXVII. JAMES II. (Brother of Charles II.) 1685-1688. Causes of "Glorious Revolution" of 1688. James attempted to secure liberties for Catholics, to increase standing army, to imprison people unjustly. (The Bloody Assizes of Jeffreys tortured many innocent people.) The birth of a son to James destroyed hope of Protestant successor, Mary, daughter of James II. and wife of William of Orange. Important points in connection with the Revolution. Magna Carta, 1215, I Petition of Right, 1628, l "Bible of English Liberty." Bill of Rights, 1689, j The Revolution was national and bloodless. Parliament, elected by the people, has^supreme power. The sovereign must be Protestant and may be elected by Parliament from royal family. Summary 35 SUMMARY OF PERIOD OF STRUGGLE FOR CONSTITU- TIONAL MONARCHY, 1603-1688. Lesson XXXVIII. Stuarts. RULERS. James I. Charles I. (Oliver Cromwell and the culmination of the political power of the Puritans.) Charles II. James II. Puritan. LITERA- TURE. John Milton. John Bunyan. Cavalier. John Dryden. Note. — Sir Isaac Newton formulated the law of gravitation, 1687. 36 Outline Lessons COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PERIOD OF STRUGGLE Lesson FOR CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY. XXXIX. SEVEN- Stuarts ruled England and believed in "Divine right of kings," TEENTH which Parliament successfully opposed. CENTURY. Contemporary Events. Religious wars were general in Europe. (Thirty Years' War, which involved practically all European nations, ended 1648.) Louis' XIII. (1610-1643), successor of Henry IV. as king of France, was directed by the famous statesman , Richelieu. Louis XIV. (1643-17 1 5), king of France, who had as his motto, " L'^tat c'est moi, " was the patron of great authors, such as the dramatists Moliere (died 1673) and Corneille (died 1684). Gustavus Adolphus (killed 1632), king of Sweden and the " Lion of the North, " was the hero of the Thirty Years' War. Peter the " Great " (1689-1725) was beginning the civil- ization of Russia. Frederick, the "Great Elector" of Prussia (1640-1688), was beginning the foundations of the future German Empire* Galileo (died 1642) was the famous Italian astronomer and prisoner of the Inquisition. Van Dyke (died 1641) was Flemish artist. Rembrandt (died 1669) was Dutch artist. Velasquez (died 1660) and Murillo (died 1682) were Spanish artists. Expansion 37 ENGLAND, A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY, 1689. Jacobite Rebellions. (Latin Jacobus = James.) In Scotland. The Scotch Highlanders attempted to withstand Wil- liam, but were defeated and offered pardon if they took oath of allegiance to him. (Mac Ian of Glen- coe, by mistake, was late in appearing to take oath and "Massacre of Glencoe" took place.) In^Ireland. Irish allies of James II. were defeated in the battle of the Boyne (1690). Lesson XL. WILLIAM III. and MARY II. (Elected by Parliament.) WILLIAM. 1689— 1702. MARY. 1689-1694. War with France. "King William's War" in America, between English on one side, and French and Indians on the other. There were no important results. William constantly formed European alliances against France. Legislation. Bank of England founded. Freedom of Press established. Act of Settlement. Stated that crown was to go to Anne, sister of Mary, and then to Sophia, granddaughter of James I., and a Protestant. Rise of political parties (began in time of Charles II.). Tories (whose successors are Conservatives). Advocates of royal authority and Established (Epis- copal) Church. Whigs (whose successors are Liberals). Advocates of popular rights and religious freedom. 3« Outline Lessons Lesson XLh ANNE. (Sister of Mary II.) 1702-1714. Lesson XLII. War of Spanish Succession. A war between France and Austria in regard to Spanish throne which Louis XIV. wanted for his grandson, Philip, and Maximilian of Austria, for his younger son, Archduke Charles. Duke of Marlborough (English) and Eugene of Savoy led the forces allied against France and won the battle of Blenheim on the Danube. This victory drove the French from Germany. Marlborough also drove them from the Netherlands. Gibraltar was gained by the English. Arcadia, Newfoundland, and Hudson Bay Territory in America were acquired by the English. Union of England and Scotland (1707.) The two were to have one Parliament and one flag. Composition on one of the topics suggested for the Later Stuart Period. See Page 64. Expansion 39 EARLY HANOVERIAN KINGS, 17 14-1820 Jacobite Rebellion (171 5). Lesson XLIII. GEORGE I. (Great-grand- James Edward, the "Old Pretender" (son of James II.), son of James I.) 1714-1727 lack of enthusiasm for his cause. landed in Scotland, but returned to France because of South Sea Bubble. South Sea Company's stock was inflated and nation seemed seized with a mania for speculation. When frauds were exposed, thousands were ruined. Ministry of Robert Walpole (Whig) . (Began 1721 and continued for twenty years). King, who was a German, made Walpole prime-minister with power to choose other members of the Cabinet. Walpole's policy was to "let sleeping dogs lie. " Political corruption was common. Votes were bought and sold. Rise of the Cabinet and increased power of prime-minister. Was a step toward bringing the government under con- trol of pubic opinion. I Lesson 4 o Outline Lessons- XLIV GEORGE War of Austrian Succession. (1740-1748). „ , Austria (Maria Theresa) and England fought against (bon of Prussia (Frederick, the "Great' ) and France. Ameri- orge '' can phase, between English and French, was known I 7 2 7 -I 7 as "King George's War." Conquests were restored at its close. Jacobite Rebellion (1745). Charles Edward, son of "Old Pretender," landed in Scotland and was defeated at Culloden. Struggle between England and France for Empire.* In India. Robert Clive defeated the French governor of Pondi- cherry, Dupleix, at Arcot (1751) and, after the " Black Hole of Calcutta," defeated Surajah Dowlah at Plassey (1757), thus making the English supreme in the basin of the Ganges, the richest part of India. French influence in region of Madras was destroyed by 1763. In America. Capture of Quebec by General Wolfe gave England Canada and the territory between the Alleghanies and the Mississippi. Social Conditions. Prevalence of vice and ignorance. Great Methodist revival under George Whitefield and John and Charles Wesley. Statesmen. Robert Walpole ruled House for first fifteen years. Thomas Pelham, Duke of Newcastle, could control votes by buying them but could not manage a war. William Pitt (later Earl of Chatham) was real head of Govern- ment after Walpole ; an orator ; a man who could not be bought; capable conductor of war. [Reform of calendar (1752) was necessary because dates were eleven days behind those of Continent.] *This struggle was involved with the "Seven Years' War," primarily an European war between Prussia (aided by England) and Austria (aided by France), 1756-1763. Expansion 4i Revolt of American Colonies, 1775. Causes. So-called "taxation without representation." Examples: Stamp Act and Townshend Acts. Interference with trade and commerce. Example: Navigation laws. Events. Lexington and Concord, skirmishes near Boston. Bunker Hill, overlooking Boston, won by British. (Declaration of Independence, July 4th, 1776). New York and Philadelphia captured by British. Battle of Saratoga, where General Burgoyne was defeated and invasion from Canada was checked. (French formed alliance with the colonies.) English gradually driven from southern colonies and Cornwallis defeated at Yorktown. Treaty of Versailles (or Paris) closed the war (1783). English statesmen who recognized the rights of the colonies : Edmund Burke. William Pitt, the Younger. Charles James Fox. Lesson XLV. GEORGE III. (Grandson of George II.) 1760— 1820. 42 Outline Lessons Lesson XLVI. GEORGE III. (Continued.) Affairs in India (17 7 2-1 803). Warren Hastings, East India Company's governor of Bengal, strengthened the foundations of English em- pire in India, but plundered native princes to get money for war. He was impeached, but finally acquitted because of good work he had done in India. Arthur Wellesley (later Duke of Wellington) increased English power in India. Affairs in Ireland. Catholics, bulk of the nation, without political power. Irish Parliament had had its power taken from it by English Parliament (17 19), but had been again made independent (1782). "United Irishmen," a society of Orangemen (Presby- terians) and Catholics, was formed to fight for independ- ence; were aided by French. Their plot was discovered, and their attempt was put down with great severity (1798). Irish Parliament was united with English (1801), but king would not grant civil equality to Catholics. Expansion 43 and Portugal French from and Blucher Relations with French Revolution, 1780-1815. Causes of war with French. French declaration of war on England (1793). Extension of French rule interfered with English commerce. French offered to aid English to dethrone king. Events. Battle of the Nile (1798). Nelson defeated fleet of Napoleon. Battle of Trafalgar (1805). Nelson defeated Napoleon, but was killed. Peninsular campaign ( 1808-18 14). English, under Wellesley, aided Spain against Napoleon and expelled peninsula. Battle of Waterloo, 181 5. Napoleon defeated by Wellington (Prussian) . Congress of Vienna (181 5). Re-adjusted map of Europe. War of 181 2 with United States. Cause. Interference of English with American commerce their impressment of American seamen. Events. War, to great extent, was a series of naval duels, the majority of which were won by United States war- ships or privateers. Treaty of Ghent, (181 5), closed the war. General Conditions. Parliament was controlled by nobility and great land- owners. Bribery was prevalent. Criminal laws were harsh. Many riots were caused by rapid introduction of machin- ery, especially for cloth-making. Steam engine had been invented by James Watt. Australia was 'acquired through discoveries of Captain James Cook. Slave trade was abolished. Composition on one of the topics suggested for the Early Hanoverian Period. See page 64. Lesson XLVII. GEORGE III. (Continued) , and Lesson XLVIII. 44 Outline Lessons SUMMARY OF PERIOD OF FOREIGN [WARS AND COLO- Lesson NIAL EXPANSION, 1688-1820. XLIX. RULERS. Stuarts. William III. and Mary II. (First constitutional monarchs of England.) Anne. Hanoverians. George I. George II. George III. LITERA- Critical Poetry. TURE. Alexander Pope. Essay. Joseph Addison. Samuel Johnson. Beginnings of Novel. Jonathan Swift. Daniel Defoe. Henry Fielding. Oliver Goldsmith. Romantic Poetry. Thomas Gray. Robert Burns. Sir Walter Scott. Lord Byron. Nature Poetry. William Wordsworth. Percy Bysshe Shelley. John Keats. Review 45 COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PERIOD OF FOREIGN WARS AND COLONIAL EXPANSION. Lesson L. William III. and Anne were succeeded by the Hanoverians, EIGH- George I., George II., and George III. and^Eariy France and England were almost constantly at war. Eng- NINE- land acquired from France, Canada and the Ohio valley, in TEENTH A a , * * T A' ct, i -a a CENTURIES. America, and a large part of India. She also acquired Aus- tralia by discovery. She lost, however, the Thirteen Colonies and the land between these colonies and the Mississippi River by the American Revolution. English industry and commerce steadily increased. Contemporary Events. Struggle for political liberty. American Revolution (1775-1783). French Revolution (17 89-1 81 5). Rule of "enlightened despots." Frederick II., the " Great" (1740-1786), was strength- ening Prussia. Catharine II., the "Great" (1762-1796), was increas- ing the prestige of Russia. Literature of new ideas and ideals. In France. Voltaire (1694-17 7 8), dramatist, poet, and reformer, made assaults on intolerance, injustice, and arbitrary government. Rousseau (17 12-17 78) preached that foundation of government was the consent of the governed. In Germany. Goethe (1749-1832), author of "Faust," began his career as a great dramatist. 46 Outline Lessons- Lesson LI. GEORGE IV. (Son of George III.) 1820-1830. LATER HANOVERIAN RULERS, 1820 — Removal of religious disabilities. Dissenters were allowed to hold political offices. Catholics could sit in Parliament and hold all but a few of the highest offices. WILLIAM IV. THE "SAILOR KING." (Son of George III.) 1830-1837. First Reform Bill, 1832. "Rotten boroughs" and old bribery system were abol- ished. Large cities were given proper representation in Parlia- ment. Influence of middle class was greatly increased. Increased representation was given to Scotland and Ireland. Improvement of social conditions. Abolition of slavery. Slave-owners in British colonies were paid for freed slaves . Regulation of child labor. Beginning of public education. Revision of Poor Laws. Internal Development 47 Lesson LI I. Important legislation, 1837-1901. VICTORIA. (Niece of Wil- Penny Post established (1840). liam iv.) Repeal of the Corn Laws (imposing duty on imported 183 7-1 901. grain, to protect landowners) left only a nominal duty on foods (1846). Other laws practically established free trade (1850). Admission of Jews to Parliament (1858). Second Reform Bill, 1867. Brought about some of the reforms agitated by the unsuccessful Chartist Movement (1837-1848). Gave franchise to all men who owned or rented dwell- ings in the cities. Education Act (1870). Established free schools among poorer population. Ballot Act (1872). Men voted by secret ballot, instead of openly. Third Reform Bill, 1884. Gave franchise to laboring classes in country. Suf- frage, practically universal. Laws in regard to Ireland. Taxes to support Anglican Church abolished (1869). Landlords forced to pay outgoing tenants for improve- ments made during their tenure (1870). Irish given right to manage local affairs (1898). Commonwealth of Australia formed (1901). 48 Outline Lessons Lesson hill. VICTORIA Relations with America. {Continued). Rebellion in Canada (1837). Peace made by giving provinces a freer government. All the provinces, except Newfoundland, were formec into the " Dominion of Canada," which has an electivi House of Commons (1867). Civil War in United States (1 861-186 5). England helped Southerners by allowing ships, used t< injure Northern trade, to be built in her ports. Relations with Asia. Wars with China. First or Opium War (1840). To compel importation of opium into China. Hong Kong was ceded to Great Britain and five port: were opened to British trade. Second War (1856). Led to first visit of foreigners (English and French' to Peking. Third War (1859). French and English took Peking because thei; ambassadors had been intercepted. Boxer Uprising (1 898-1 900). Due to antagonism of Chinese to various foreigi Powers, with footholds in China. Led to relief of legations in Peking by allied Euro pean, United States, and Japanese forces. Afghan Wars (1839-1842) (1878-1881). Due to Russia's threatened advances on India througl Afghanistan. Resulted in England's gaining nothing by interference in Afghanistan. Indian Mutiny, 1857-1858. Sepoys, or native soldiers used to suppress Indian princes revolted. Mutiny was put down after terrible massacres of Englisl at Cawnpur, Lucknow, etc. The government of India passed from East Indie Company directly to Crown. Queen Victoria took title of " Empress of India" (1877) Internal Development 49 Lesson LIV. Relations with Africa. VICTORIA In the north. (Continued). Purchase of nearly one half of the stock of the Suez Canal (1875) gave England the power to interfere in Egyptian politics, and to control its government. The Sudanese massacred General Gordon and his troops in Khartum (1885). The Sudan was secured for England (1899) by General Kitchener. In the south. Annexation of Natal (1843) and of the Transvaal (1879). First Boer War (1880-1881). Resulted in restoration of the independence of the Transvaal . Second Boer War (1899-1901). Resulted in the annexation of the Transvaal and Orange Free State to Great Britain. (In reign of Edward VII.) Attitude toward Eastern Question. (Eastern Question : Shall Turkey, a weak nation, hold Constantinople, the key to the Black Sea, or shall Russia be allowed to take it?) Crimean War, 1853-1856. Parties. Turkey, England, and France against Russia. Events. Battle of Balaclava. " Charge of the Light Brigade. " Russians repulsed. Battle of Inkerman. Russians defeated. Florence Nightingale nursed the wounded. Capture of Sebastopol, a Russian fortress. European Congress at Berlin (1878). Due to Russia's invasion of Turkey. Roumania, Servia, Montenegro, became independent. Russia received territory in Asia Minor. Austria received Bosnia and Herzegovina. England acquired Cyprus, in return for guarantee of Turkish possessions in Asia Minor. 50 Outline Lessons Lesson LV. VICTORIA (Continued). Famous Statesmen. Sir Robert Peel (i 788-1850). Great advocate of Free Trade. William E. Gladstone (1809-1898). Aimed to conciliate the Irish and to reform the franchise. Benjamin Disraeli (Lord Beaconsfield) (1805-1881). Interested in foreign enterprises and in the extension of English power abroad. Bought Suez Canal stock. Lord Salisbury (1 830-1 903). Did not approve of "Home Rule" for Ireland— that is, that Ireland should be governed by an Irish Parlia- ment sitting in Dublin. Believed in local self-government and in extension of English power abroad. EDWARD VII. (Son of Vic- toria.) 1901. Lesson LVh Relations with Ireland. Law passed allowing Irish tenants to become their own landlords and authorizing the government to help them (i9 3)- Composition on one of the topics suggested for Victorian Period. See Page 65. nummary 51 SUMMARY OF PERIOD OF INTERNAL DEVELOPMENT AND REFORM AND OF DEFENCE OF COLONIAL AND COMMERCIAL INTERESTS, 1820-1909. Lesson LVII. Hanoverians. RULERS. George IV. William IV. Victoria. Edward VII. Poetry. LITERA- TURE. Alfred Tennyson. Robert Browning. Novel. Charles Dickens. William Makepeace Thackeray. Essay. Charles Lamb. History. Thomas Carlyle. Thomas B. Macaulay. Philosophy. Herbert Spencer. Science. Charles Darwin. 5 2 Outline Lessons Lesson LVIII. NINE- TEENTH & EARLY TWEN- TIETH CENTURIES. COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PERIOD OF INTERNAL DEVELOPMENT AND OF DEFENCE OF COLONIAL AND COMMERCIAL INTERESTS. The Hanoverians, George IV., William IV., Victoria, and Ed- ward VII., are the rulers of Great Britain. Crises of the Era. 1830. (War of Grecian Independence ended 1829.) Successful revolutions in France (Louis Philippe, new ruler), in Belgium, and in Spain, where Don Carlos was exiled and effort made for constitutional government. Unsuccessful insurrections in German states, in Poland, and in Italy. (Reform Bill of 1832, in England.) 1848. Republic established in France with Louis Bonaparte (later emperor, 1852), as president. Reform of Swiss government. Insurrections in Germany and in Italy successful awhile, but followed by reaction. Revolution in Hungary (Kossuth) was a failure. (Chartist Movement in England was a failure.) 1870. Peaceful union of Austria and Hungary (1867). Third Republic in France established (187 1). Kingdom of Italy, with Rome as Capital, united under Victor Emmanuel II. (1871). (Cavour, died 1861.) Loss of temporal power of the Pope. Empire of Germany completed and William I. crowned (187 1). (Bismarck.) (Second Reform Bill, 1867, in England.) Review 53 Lesson LIX Material Progress. NINE- TEENTH Shown by railroads, ocean steamships, telegraph, sub- » -p a-dt y marine cable, telephone, steam printing-press, elec- TWEN- TIETH trical appliances, wireless telegraph, submarines, CENTURIES aeroplanes, etc. (Continued). Political Progress. Shown by establishment of constitutional govern- ments, of legal and political equality of citizens, of improvements in civil service, of practical freedom of the press, of popular educational systems, and of religious freedom from political control. Social Progress. Shown by abolition of slavery, by regulation of em- ployment of women and children, by founding of asylums and institutions, by establishment of Chris- tian missions, and by efforts to organize charities. International Progress. Shown by attempts at arbitration and the ending of wars. Berlin Conference (1 884-1 885). Representatives of " Great Powers " met to settle questions of dispute and to lay down principles for future annexation of territory in Africa. The Hague Conference (1899). Favored the formation of a permanent court of arbitration to settle international disputes. 54 Outline Lessons Lesson LX. NINE- TEENTH & EARLY TWEN- TIETH CENTURIES (Continued) . Rise of New Nations as "World Powers." United States. Importance in "world politics" increased by Spanish- American War, (1898). Japan. Wars between Japan and China (1 894-1 895) and be- tween Japan and Russia (1904) have made Japan a dominant power in the Far East. Russia. Expansion of Russia in Asia and revolutionary move- ments, leading to the first steps toward constitutional government (1905), foreshadow the growing impor- tance of Russia. Outline map of present British possessions filled in. IMPORTANT DATES IN ENGLISH HISTORY 55 B.C. First Invasion of Britain by Julius Caesar. 43 A.D. Conquest of Britain begun by Emperor Claudius. 410 Withdrawal of the Romans. 449 First Teutonic Invasion. 597 Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity. 787 First Danish Invasion. 871-901 Reign of King Alfred. 1016-1042 Rule of Danish Kings. X042-1066 Anglo-Saxon Kings restored. 1066 Norman Invasion (Battle of Hastings or Senlac). 1 1 54 Henry II., first Plantagenet. 12 1 5 The Great Charter (King John). 1295 Model Parliament of Edward I. 1346 Battle of Cr£cy. 1400 Death of Chaucer. 14 1 5 Battle of Agincourt. 1455-1485 Wars of the Roses. 1558-1603 Queen Elizabeth. 1607 Founding of Jamestown (James I). [616 Death of Shakespere. 1620 Landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, Mass. 55 56 Ovitline Lessons n of Right.*' 1642 Beginning of '"Great Rebellion." 1649 Execution of Charles I. 1660 Restoration of Charles II. Glorious Revolution" (William and M 1 7 14 George I., first Hanoverian. an Declaration of Independence. French Revolution began. 5 Battle of Waterloo. : Passage of First Reform Bill. --1901 Victoria. Crimean War. 1S5S Indian Mutiny. 1 So 7 Second Reform Bill. 1884 Third Reform Bill. LIST OF SUGGESTED BOOKS. (For references to these books, see pages 59-65) Beesly: " Queen Elizabeth. " Macmillan Co. Bulfinch : " Age of Chivalry. ' ' S. W. Tilton & Co. Church, A. J.: "Story of Early Britain." G. P. Putnam's Sons. Church, A. J.: "Stories from English History." Macmillan Co. Colby: Creighton: "Selections from Sources of English History." Longmans, Green, & Co. "Cardinal Wolsey." Macmillan Co. Freeman : " William the Conqueror." Macmillan Co. Gree.v, J. R.: "Short History of the English People." Harper & Bros. (American Book Co.) Green, Mrs. J. R.: "Henry, the Second." Macmillan Co. Guerber: Harrison: "Story of the English." American Book Co. " Oliver Cromwell. " Macmillan Co. 57 58 Outline Lessons Hughes: "Alfred, the Great." Macmillan Co. Kendall: "Source Book of English History." Macmillan Co. Lang: "Book of Romance." Longmans, Green, & Co, Lanier: "Boys' Froissart. " Charles Scribner's Sons. Maxwell: "Robert, the Bruce." G. P. Putnam's Sons. McCarthy: "Short History of Our Own Times.!' Harper & Bros. Morris: "Historical Tales." Lippincott Co. Pa rk m a n : " Mon tcalm and Wolfe . ' ' Little, Brown, & Co. Russell : " William Evarts Gladstone. " Harper & Bros. Shepherd " Historical Readings. " American Book Co. Stevens & Allen : " King Arthur Stories from Malory. " Houghton, Mifflin, & Co. Stirling: "Torch-Bearers of History." T. Nelson & Sons. REFERENCES FOR SUPPLEMENTARY WORK. Julius Caesar and the Britons. Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 8-27. Colby: "Selections from Sources," pp. 1 and 2. ROMAN PERIOD. Boadicea. Church : Guerber: King Arthur. Church: Stevens ) & f Allen: ) Stirling: St. Augustine. Church : Colby: Green: King Alfred. Church Church Colby: Green: Guerber: Hughes: "Stories from English History," pp. 33-48. "Story of the English," pp. 24-26. "Stories from English History," pp. 60-66. "King Arthur Stories," pp. 1-12; 22-24; 1 71-180. "Torch-Bearers of History," Part II., pp. 66-73. "Stories from English History," pp. 67-82. "Selections from Sources," pp. 15 & 16. "Short History of the English People," pp. 17-23. "Story of Early Britain," pp. 199-224. "Stories from English History," pp. 82-92. "Selections from Sources," pp. 19-24. "Short History of the English People, " pp. 49-54. "Story of the English," pp. 46-53. "Alfred the Great," pp. 32-43 59 SAXON PERIOD. 6o Outline Lessons KOEMAN PERIOD. EARLY PLAN- TAGENET PERIOD. Dunstan. Church : Green : Guerber: Canute. Kendall: Harold. Church : "Story of Early Britain," pp. 245-256. "Short History of the English People," pp. 55-58. "Story of the English," pp. 57-63. "Source Book," pp. 35-38. "Stories from English History," pp. 1 14-124. William the Conqueror. Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 124-132. Colby: "Selections from Sources," pp. 39-41. Freeman: "William, the Conqueror," pp. 10-16. Green: "Short History of the English People," pp. 74-88. Hereward, the Wake. Morris. "Historical Tales, " pp. 57-71. Anselm. Green: Robin Hood. Lang: Henry II. Kendall: Thomas a Becket. Church: Colby : "Short History of the English People," pp. 73-74. "Book of Romance," pp. 323-355. "Source Book," pp. 56-61. "Stories from English History," pp. 146-165. " Selections from Sources," pp. 56-59. Green, Mrs. J. R. "Henry II." pp. 24-26 and 149-154. Guerber: "Story of the English," pp. 99-105. References for Supplementary W^orK 61 Richard, the " Lion-Hearted." Bulfinch: "Age of Chivalry, " pp. 319-324 and 339-342. Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 165-187. Guerber: "Story of the English," pp. 105-117. Roger Bacon. Colby: "Selections from Sources," pp. 83-87. Green: " Short History of the English People," pp. 138-141. Simon de Montfort. Green: "Short History of the English People," pp 152-160. Edward I. LATER PLAN- Green: "Short History of the English People," pp. 181-184. TAGENET PERIOD. Robert Bruce. Maxwell: "Robert, the Bruce," pp. 142-162. Stirling: "Torch-Bearers," Part II., pp. 110-120. William Wallace. Colby: "Selections from Sources," pp. 90-92. Morris: " Historical Tales," pp, 127-138. Edward III. Lanier: "Boys' Froissart, " pp. 16-18; 40-41; 82-85; 166- 170; 190—200; 209—210. John Wyclif. Green: " Short History of the English People, " pp. 235-244. Henry V. LANCAS- TRIAN & Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 260-269. YORKIST PERIOD Guerber: "Story of the English," pp. 176-183. 62 Oxitline Lessons Joan of Arc. Colby: " Selections from Sources," pp. 113-117. Green: "Short History of the English People," pp. 274-279. Shepherd: " Historical Readings, " pp. 142-147. (Selections from Guizot.) Stirling "Torch-Bearers," Part II., pp. 121-130. Henry VI. and Margaret. Kendall: "Source Book," pp. 114-125. Warwick, the "King-Maker." Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 299-308. Green: "Short History of the English People," pp. 286-288 William Caxton. Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 308-313. TUDOR Cardinal Wolsey PERIOD. Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 347-355. Creighton: "Cardinal Wolsey," pp. 18-21; 21 1-22 1. Green: "Short History of the English People," pp. 322-331 Kendall: " Source Book," pp. 129-131. Sir Thomas More. Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 355-364. Green: "Short History of the English People," pp. 314-320 and 343-344. Kendall: "Source Book," pp. 132-136 and 140-144. Lady Jane Grey."] Colby: " Selections from Sources," pp. 152-154. References for Supplementary WorK 63 Queen Elizabeth. Beesly: "Queen Elizabeth," pp. 1-5 and 230-240. Colby: " Selections from Sources," pp. 158-163. Green : "Short History of the English People," pp. 369-376 and 458-459. Shepherd: " Historical Readings, " pp. 236-240 (Selections from Hume.) Mary, " Queen of Scots." Green "Short History of the English People," pp. 382-392 and 416—417. Guerber: "Story of the English, " pp. 238-243. Kendall: "Source Book," pp. 155-168 and 173-178. Sir Francis Drake. Stirling: "Torch-Bearers," Part III., pp. 33-55. Sir Walter Raleigh. Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 412-420. John Pym. Green : " Short History of the Enghsh^People, " pp. 535-540. John Hampden. Shepherd: "Historical Readings," pp. 32-36. (Selections from Macaulay.) Oliver Cromwell. Church: "Stories from English History, " pp. 455-464. Green: "Short History of the English People," pp. 553-557 and 594-598. Harrison: " Oliver Cromwell, " pp. 4-9; 13-34; 224-228. Stirling: "Torch-Bearers," Part III., pp. 106-136. Robert Blake. Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 473- 482. EARLY STUART PERIOD, 64 Outline Lessons LATER STUART PERIOD. EARLY HANOVER- IAN OR BRUNS- WICK PERIOD. Charles II. Shepherd " Historical Readings, " pp. 225-231. (Selections from Burnet.) Queen Anne. Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 536-542. Duke of Marlborough. Green "Short History of the English People," pp. 705-720. Sir Isaac Newton. Stirling: "Torch-Bearers," Part III., pp. 136-155. William III. Green : " Short History of the English People, " pp. 675-682. Shepherd: "Historical Readings," pp. 231-235. (Selections from Burnet.) Stirling: "Torch-Bearers," Part III., pp. 155-178. Robert Walpole. Green : Robert Clive. Church: "Short History of the English People," pp. 723-724. and 728-734. "Stories from English History," pp. 565-572. Stirling: "Torch-Bearers," Part III., pp. 221-246. James Wolfe. Church: Colby: "Stories from English History," pp. 573-580. "Selections from Sources," pp. 247-250. Parkman: "Montcalm and Wolfe," Vol. II., pp. 192-200. William Pitt, the Elder. Colby: "Selections from Sources," pp. 250-253. Green: "Short History of the English People," p. 748-757. References for Supplementary AA^orK 65 William Pitt, the Younger. Green: "Short History of the English People," pp. 790-795. Admiral Nelson. Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 594-603. Colby "Selections from Sources," pp. 281-283. Morris: "Historical Tales," pp. 320-328. John Wesley. Colby: "Selections from Sources," pp. 237-239. Queen Victoria. VICTORIAN Guerber: "Story of the English," pp. 320-326 and 334-339. PERIOD. William E. Gladstone. Russell: "William Ewart Gladstone," Chap. I., and pages 278-282. Benjamin Disraeli. McCarthy: "Short History of Our Own Times," pp. 78-82 and 405-414. Q Z < o z o PS W O w < 001 18 1909