570 ■J5P41W5 spy 1 i OTJR- DEFEN I ^^irst Presbyteri2.n Church Wilkinsburg. Penna. THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH WILKINSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA OUR DEFENDERS Prepared by GEORGE TAYLOR, Jr. Minister of the Church Jackson-Remlincer Phi.ntinc Co. 530-540 DuQUESNE Way Pittsburgh, Pa. I 9 2 I COPYRIGHTED lyai BY THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania DEC 29 ,921 ©Cl*«^««^* \ To the Members of the Homes of THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH WiLKINSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA Who SO willingly shared the service of their loved ones in an hour of the nation's need, this brochure is gratefully dedicated. The Choice To the Judge of Right and Wrong With whom fulfillment lies Our purpose and our power belong, Our faith and sacrifice. Let Freedom's land rejoice! Our ancient bonds are riven; Once more to us the eternal choice Of good or ill is given. Not at a little cost, Hardly by prayer or tears. Shall we recover the road we lost In the drugged and doubting years. But after the fires and the wrath, But after searching and pain. His mercy opens us a path To live with ourselves again. hi the Gates of Death rejoice! We see and hold the good — Bear witness. Earth, we have made our choice For Freedom's brotherhood. Then praise the Lord Most High Whose strength hath saved us whole, Who bade us choose that the Flesh should die And not the living Soul! Rudyard Kipling Preface Dear Christ, who reign st above the flood Of human tears and human blood, A weary road these men have trod, O house them in the hoyne of God! Frederic\ George Scott HIS brochure is published in connect tion with the unveiling of the bronz^e tablet v/hich the members of this Church are erecting in honor of those in her membership who served so loyally and willingly in the World War. It does not pro- fess to be a complete history, but seeks only to perpetuate a record of the bare facts in the case. No one will ever write the inner history with its silent struggles, with its bleeding heart- aches, w^ith its tragic losses, with its unrecogniz^ed gains, and w^ith those deep impressions which are so intimate, so personal, and so transforming that they cannot be uttered or understood by another soul. These experiences are buried with the honored dead, and will be lost with passing of the generation v/ho fought and lived to share its cost. But this Church could never be true to that spirit of patriotism with v/hich she sustained the courage and loyalty of her own defenders during the conflict if she left any stone unturned in an effort to express her deep-seated appreciation of their part in a vic- tory for humanity. It is because of this feeling of gratitude which never dies but w^hich gro\vs richer as the scenes of conflict recede into an ever dimmer past, that this brochure is ventured. Our defenders' natural and much admired ret- icence to do anything v/hich would appear to magnify their contribution to the victory has added to the difficulty of such a publication. And \vithout the gracious assistance of our National Service Commission, Mr. Charles E. Skinner, Chairman, Mr. Harry S. Evans, and Mr. Charles Wilcox, together with the cordial sympathy of the homes and the helpful work of Professor Wallace L. Bonham in the composition and in the proof reading, and the choice bits of verse selected by Mrs. Charles D. Armstrong, the Avork could not have been possible. It is another evidence of the fine spirit of consecra- tion and co-operation which your Pastor has always found in the members of this Church. I cannot withhold a personal word. There will alv/ays be green in my memory and warm in my heart the confidences which many of them shared \vith me through personal interviews and through their letters. It is an abiding testimony that my sympathy and friendship for them in those unusual experiences were felt and appre- ciated. The privilege of it will live forever. G. T., Jr. THE STUDY First Presbyterian Church Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania October i, 1921 Contents Pages The History 1 1-26 The Records of Service 27'72 The Permanent Monuments.... 73'78 V\/herein we did anothers' burden see\, The tired feet we helped upon the road, The hand we gave the weary and the wea\, The miles we lightened one anothers load, V/hen, faint to falling, onward yet we strode: This too was Life. John McCrae History The Service of the Church GEORGE TAYLOR, JR. Minister of the Church The Service of the Church f"^^^ time of war the emotion uppermost in the hearts of a >j people is the spirit of patriotism. The war does not create it, hut only calls it forth, enriching its individual possession through its nation-wide sympathy. This cannot be other- wise, because the nation's ideals, all that she has been, is and hopes to be, are at stake when an enemy knocks at her door and flaunts in her face an aggressive, determined effort to destroy that soul life. At such times her patriotism becomes her religion, and everything else contributes to intensify that appeal to the hearts of her citizens; and when the principles which determined such struggles are the natural working out of the mission of Jesus Christ to humanity, it is easier for the Church to stand by the issue. This has been true of the wars in which our nation has engaged; and it is not surpris- ing that the Christian Church in this country has always been in the vanguard of those conflicts. She has believed in the principles which actuated them, has kept alive the patriotic zeal in the lives of her members and has always encouraged her sons and daughters to do their part. The World War is no exception, for Germany sought to destroy that vital principle of the Protestant Church which declares the inalienable right of every man and woman to develop his or her own inner capacities and latent possibilities to the highest degree, or to find his or her own true self. Without this effort on the part of Germany to destroy humanity's freedom, the American people could not have been aroused to the intensity of war. Long before April 6, 1917. when the declaration of war with Germany swept across this country, crystallizing in action that ever- increasing glow of the nation's patriotic zeal, some of the men from this Church had grown restless and cast their lots with the Allied forces. Others who were on the verge of such a step lost no time in answering humanity's call. So that before the first draft had been put into operation during the month of September, 1917, thirty per cent of our men were already marching under the shadow of their flag, and the interest of the Church was growing with leaps and bounds. The tone of the services, the word of recognition to the men in unilorm on a brief leave, the addresses from those who had seen life in the trenches and had experienced the heat of battle, together with the calls of the Liberty Loans, the Red Cross and the Y. M. C. A., 13 First Preshyterian Church all directed the energies of the Church to one end — winning the war. To this end, also, the Men's Association of the Church, under the leadership of Mr. Charles D. Armstrong, carried on a constructive program for the purpose of instructing the community in the vital factors of the war. In addition to the special addresses given by men who were in touch with the diplomatic relations, two courses of lec- tures were delivered by Dr. Earl Barnes and given free to the com- munity for the purpose of refreshing the people's memory about the history which lay behind the nations at war and creating a more in- telligent appreciation of the probable factors which enter into its issues. Under the general subject, "The Historical Background of the Great War," the six subjects which were discussed during Novem- ber and December of 1917 were — "British Empire: The Problem of World Power," "France: How a Nation Grows," "Austria-Hun- gary: The Problem of Races," "German Empire: A Study in Social Solidarity," "Russia: Autocracy and Revolution," and "The Balkans: The Problem of Small States." In the following year under the general subject "Smaller Nationalities Which Will Present a Prob- lem at the Peace Table," the five nations discussed were — Alsace- Lorraine, Bohemia, Poland, Armenia and Palestine. Again and again words of appreciation were expressed publicly and privately by the people of the district for the unusual contribution these lectures were making to the intelligent patriotism of our citizens. It was not until Sabbath morning, January 6, 1918, that the Service Flag was dedicated in the Church. Mrs. Luman R. Hagan had felt the need of such an emblem in the Church life and had quietly set to work to provide it as a gift. Each stitch was the expression of a loving, patriotic soul who, as the months went by, counted it her privilege to adorn the field of white with emblems designating each defender's place in the struggle. At this time fifty-eight of our members were in the service, and a goodly number were overseas. The congregation will not forget the thrill of pride which arose in their hearts when the flag was allowed to fall over the pulpit, for each star embodied the words of the text, "I am in the midst of you as one who serves." The opening paragraphs of the sermon will express the meaning of this event. "Today we are to dedicate this Service Flag, and put behind 14 The Service of the Church these fifty-eight, who are carrying the colors for this Church, the formal consecration of our lives. This event has been made possible by Mrs. Luman R. Hagan, whose son's name appears among our defenders. It is only when we bear in mind that the war will soon touch her own home that we can understand the modest thought- fulness which prompted the gift, and the patriotic loving service with which each detail has been wrought out by her own hand. It comes with no pretense, but it provides a much-needed emblem in our Church life during these tense days. It is a high privilege which falls to mv lot to receive this sacred gift in behalf of the Church, and pub- licly to assure Mrs. Hagan that not only the homes represented by the stars on its white field, but all the members of this great Church deeply appreciate the gift and the spirit of patriotism which has called it forth. "In receiving this flag I shall try to indicate its meaning in the life of our nation. If I am able to read the history of our country aright, and if I can understand the principles embodied in our insti- titions and declared in our constitutions and laws, I should say that her flag, the Stars and Stripes, stands for one great principle. It is the inalienable and priceless right of a free people to govern them- selves. And in spite of America's shortcomings, defects and delin- quencies this has been the one ideal of our land ever since the Declara- tion of Independence and the adoption of the Constitution in this Republic. At first, however, it was narrowed to our own land and our own people. It was woven by a national weaving process. It was the Stars and Stripes of national dimensions ; and no service flag in the true sionificance of that term adorned our democracy. We had vet to grow into the full meaning of our mission as a democratic nation. This mission was not realized until the Spanish- American struggle when we assumed the burdens of war in behalf of a people struggling for liberty, a people bound to us by no ties of blood, yet so situated that action in their behalf was simply writing the Christian word "neighbor' into the vocabulary of the nations. In that war we enriched the world's practical ideal of democracy and wrote across our government the one reason for its existence, namely, service, not only to the home land, but to any peoples who need help in upholding that ideal which we profess to embody in our own life and institutions. Thus this emblem of the service flag in our present war is putting 15 First Presbyterian Church in a concrete form the international interest which every democracy must have if it be true to the principle of its origin. It is saying that true nations are citizens of humanity just as individuals are citizens of the nation; and for a nation in her progress to forget humanity at large is to forget the very ideals which unite the hearts of the people to the country. It is writing in international language the eternal principle which Christ lays down for His disciples, 'I am in the midst of you as one who serves.' " After the sermon those defenders who were present, Clarence W. Hagan, Karl M. Hewitt and Robert W. Allison were called for- ward to receive the prayer of consecration in behalf of those whose names appeared on the roll. This dedication brought a new zeal into our patriotism as the weeks went by, and constantly called the attention of the whole Church to the large way in which she was serving and sacrificing. By January, 1918, the religious work in the cantonments had become well organized and the different denominations were sending pastors into these areas as voluntary chaplains to take up a work which was not covered by the regular chaplains, or the religious secretaries of the Young Men's Christian Association. The National Service Commission of the Assembly made an earnest request for your pastor and the Church released him for the month of February, 1918, to work in Camp Upton. After his return the same commis- sion sent him to deliver addresses before Synods and Presbyteries ; and from the middle of July till the end of August placed upon him the responsibility of caring for the religious work at the Markleton Hos- pital. While he was unable to do this work in person, yet funds were placed at his disposal to secure the right type of men. He will ever be grateful to the Church for these opportunities, because the ex- perience aided greatly in broadening his sympathy with the problems which were confronting the defenders of the Church. On May 1, 1918, the congregation, which was convened to conduct the affairs of their annual meeting, ordered a letter to be sent to each of the Defenders. The letter was read by Mr. Charles E. Skinner and was ordered to be sent after prayer by Dr. Samuel Hamil- ton. A few minor changes have been made in conformity with the information secured later from the records. 16 The Service of the Church To Our Defenders: — Greetings to you from the members of your Church and from your Pastor! A thrill of pride stirs our hearts when we think of you who are consecrated to the ideals of this nation, and to the liberty, the brotherhoofl and the moral security of the world. Your con- duct has been most exemplary. Your advancements have been most gratifying. Your loyalty has been the cause of our increasing wonder each day. It is with deep appreciation for you and with fervent prayer that we acknowledge the part you are contributing to this nation in her hour of need. We send you our loving affection, and wish for you continued strength and courage in the year to come. Your Church is your army at home. She stands ready at any time to supplv your needs and execute your commands. There are now 88 who have gone out from this Church. Each department of the service is well represented. We list them below that you may know in what field your comrades are at work. In the work of the Navy we have 9 — Coxswain Ellis M. Covell. Gun- ner's Mate 2nd CI. Washington Gladden Balph, Quartermaster 3rd CI. William Galbraith Stewart, Jr., Ensign Dwight Ludden Armstrong, Yoeman 2nd CI. Kenneth Black, First Lieutenant Les- lie N. Crichton, Seaman 2nd CI, Thomas B. Murphy, Quartermaster 3rd CI. Louis Jolly McWilliams, and William H. Nesbit (Naval Academy, Annapolis). In the Army there are 43, covering the infantry, artillery, engineers, ordnance, quartermasters, signal corps and other depart- ments. These are: Captain John T. Henderson, Private Alfred Hall Drummond, First Lieutenant Albert J. Wilson, Private 1st CI. Frank A. Shutes, Jr., Corporal William R. McWilliams, Ser- geant Robert H. Nicholson, Private Ciiarles Ellsworth Fisher, Ser- geant David Scott, Jr., Second Lieutenant Warren C. Hurst, Private Harrv C. MacQuown, Private Joseph Steven Welwood, Private Wil- liam B. Duff, Corporal William F. Barclay, Corporal Lawrence R. Golladav, Sergeant Alfred Kimball Graf, Second Lieutenant Rav- mond A. Gerwig, Private Ralph Arlington Kacy, Corporal Karl Mason Hewitt, Private Frank V. Firestine, Sergeant Kenneth H. Rial, 17 First Presbyterian Church Sergeant Howard C. McCrady, Private Allen Earl Pollock, Private William Harris Newbaker, Captain William Lyle McDaniel, Cor- poral George V. Sands, Corporal Warren B. Nichols, Private William Byron Patterson, Jr., Sergeant Joseph W. Thompson, Musician 1st CI. Walter H. Cameron, Corporal William M. Eakin, Captain Rob- ert M. Ewing, Private Arthur N. Pollock, First Lieutenant Charles D. Wilcox, Private Edward A. Jenkins, Jr., First Lieutenant Carlyle R. Sodon. Musician 3rd CI. Joseph Dean Grassel, Sergeant David Russell Berger, First Lieutenant Kenneth Walter Van Eman, Ser- geant Russell S. Hilliard, Private Alexander L. Murdoch, Sergeant Karl H. Rohrbaugh, First Lieutenant Charles Dudley Armstrong, and Carlton S. Koch as one of the few civilian executives in the Army Ordnance Department. In the aviation work we have 7 : Cadet Charles Everett Gilson, Private 1st CI. James C. McDougall, Second Lieutenant Walter J. Freas, Private 1st CI. Andrew Howard Stewart, Private Stanley Morris Gray, Private Henry T. Carpenter and Private Hayden Powell. In the medical work there are 20: Corporal Arnold H. Lowe, Private Greyson Haslett Collingwood, Private 1st CI. Paul G. Baker, Private James R. Ralph, Private J. Paul Harvey, Sergeant Walter Roy Haines, First Lieutenant Clarence Hagan, Private John Day Garvin, Private Charles K. Murray, First Lieutenant Lawrence R. Linhart, Private David H. Reichardt, Private 1st CI. Robert W. Allison, Captain James Morgan McNall, Captain Frank A. Evans, Private 1st CI. Robert H. Evans, First Lieutenant William J. Mc- Gregor, First Lieutenant George F. McDonald, Captain Wilder J, Walker, Private 1st Ci. Thomas W. Stephens and Private Thomas E. Eidel, Jr. In the Y. M. C. A. we have three: H. R. Kitchin, A. M. Car- line, Jr., and Frank C- Boyd, and in the Red Cross, Anne Dunn Turner. The five from the Ardmore Chapel are Corporal Elmore Everett Apt, Corporal Hugh Reid, Private 1st CI. George Washington Reid, Private William James Scott and Private Robert Brechin. All these are serving in the army. 18 The Service of the Church Out of this number eight are already in the active service of France and England. These are Captain Frank A. Evans, Cor- poral William R. McWilliams, First Lieutenant Wm. J. McGregor, First Lieutenant George F. McDonald, Private 1st CI. Robert H. Evans, Corporal George V. Sands, Musician 3rd CI. J. Dean Grassel, and Sergeant David Russell Berger. Several others have received orders which will send them overseas before another week has passed by. First Lieutenant William J. McGregor, who was wounded by a shell while in action with the British Expeditionary Forces in France, has been exempt from further military service. The wound resulted in the amputation of both his legs below the knees. During the month of February your Church released your Pastor to do work as a voluntary chaplain in Camp Upton. The experience has given him a better appreciation of the problems which you are facing every day. \our Church feels keenly the place which has been made vacant by your departure, but those who remain are doing their ut- most to keep up that high standard which you helped to sustain before the war, so that when you return you will find that the work of the Church has sustained its own and that your niche of labor is waiting for you. But not only is the Church doing its bit, but many of our members are devoting all their time to the production of munitions, and those things which are needed to win this war. The rest are backing the Liberty Loan drives, the Y. M. C. A. work and the Red Cross work to the best of their ability. What we have done is just a prophecy of what we will do as the calls come from the nation. You will find no slackers in your Church. The congregation, which convened to conduct the affairs of their annual meeting, has ordered that this letter be spread upon the minutes and a copy sent to each one of our Defenders. It has been blessed by our prayers, and is followed by our confidence in you, and our willingness to do anything that you may light a vic- torious cause in this present war. Affectionately, in behalf of the congregation, George Taylor, Jr., Pastor. 19 First Preshyterian Church As the serious clays of the war dragged along, this Church be- came one of the many retreats where the Red Cross work was carried on; and no group of women worked harder, longer, or with more determination than those who frequented these halls. No people met the call of the nation in the Liberty Loans, in the Y. M. C. A.,, or in the Red Cross gifts more generously and sacrificially than those of our own membership. This spirit continued with an ever-increas- ing fervor until Germany was forced to sign the truce on November 11, 1918. This event prophesied the speedy return of our members and a reunion in their homes. Only one of the number failed to return, one whom we had learned to love, Private Henry Tounsend Carpenter, killed in action on November 2, 1918, at Villers-Devant- Dun, France, during the engagement along the Meuse-Argonne front. In addition to the death of Private Carpenter there were four of our number wounded, two gassed and one shell-shocked. Of this group only one sustained the permanent scars of battle. First Lieutenant William J, McGregor, who lost his two legs while in action with the British Expeditionary Force at Albert, France, on March 29, 1918. In the debt of gratitude to the defenders which the members of this Church feel they can never pay, these will ever hold a distinctively precious place in their hearts. A careful look into the records also reveals an unusually high type of personality in the members of our roll; and the rapid advancement during the service was but the confirmation of our expectations. We are not surprised that three from our number received citations for their bravery, and we know that others would have received such special notice had the oppor- tunity presented itself, for the reports which came back from the front through mutual friends were always in the highest praise of the loyalty, the grit and the bravery of our Defenders. A spirit of pride arises in our hearts whenever their names are mentioned in connection with the service. With the signing of this Armistice there also came an in- creased interest in the method which should be used for perpetuating the honor to those who had served. The Church itself was slow in taking any action in this direction because she desired the accurate returns and wanted time enough to think over the most appropriate monument ; but it was only natural and fitting that the home of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Carpenter, which had received the only gold star on 20 The Service of the Church our Service Flag, should early desire some permanent evidence of their son's memory in the Church which he loved. Accordingly they erected a tablet in the auditorium of the Church on the Wood Street side in honor of Henry Tounsend Carpenter. This was unveiled on May 25, 1919. Upon this occasion your Pastor preached from the text quoted on the tablet, '"Greater love has no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends." The sermon closed with these words of unveiling. "'Thus, today, members of the United States Army and Navy, and members of this great Church, it is fitting that we pay a tribute of honor to Henry Tounsend Carpenter, who fell on the fields of France and laid down his life for the sake of his friends. He is one of our very own, born into our midst, baptized into our faith, trained as a teacher in the work of our Sabbath School, and consecrated as an indispensable worker in the Kingdom of our Christ. He took his place among us in a quiet, reserved and unassuming manner, and he has left an impress upon my own soul which only the clean, true man can do. The war did not make him brave, but served only to reveal that true patriotic soul and courageous life which surged be- neath his quiet conduct. Thus in December, 1917, during his senior year in the University of Pittsburgh, he enlisted in the Aviation Service of his country. The following June he received his special training. In August, when the army needed relay runners to carry messages between regimental and brigade headquarters of the Nine- tieth Division, while the air and earth were filled with hissing death, men whose honor could be trusted and whose courage was absolutely fearless, Henry was one of four out of Company G, 359th Infantry, chosen for this work. It was God's will that he should fall, and God will place upon the broken hearts of the home the healing hand of His onlv begotten Son. To us he is not dead. He has only entered into diat great cloud of witnesses who abide with us as an unseen power in our work. It is, therefore, eminently appropriate that we unveil this tablet 'in memory of Henry Tounsend Carpenter, killed in action, November 5, 1918, at Villers-Devant-Dun, France, on the Meuse-Argonne Front.' " The tablet was unveiled by George Wissinger, Robert Carmack, Harold Youngk and Edward A. Jenkins, Jr. In addition to these 21 First Presbyterian Church there were present among the service men who stood at attention during the ceremony: Washington Gladden Balph, Wilham Raymond McWilliams, Louis J. McWilHams, Walter J. Freas, Robert H. Evans, Wilham H. Wills, Jr., Allen Earl Pollock, John M. Haymaker, Grey- son H. Collingwood, Edwin Eicher, Samuel B. Nicholson, H. R. Kitchin and Francis H. Gibson. The hour will be one long remem- bered by those wdio were present, and a deep sympathy throbbed in the hearts of all for the ones who had given and lost. Nearly a year passed before the Service Flag was demobilized and the pictures of our Defenders were unveiled. It was one of the cherished dreams of your Pastor, when he said farewell to those who were carrying the colors for their Church, that a photograph of each one, reduced to a common size and grouped in a suitable frame, might be made a part of the permanent treasure of the Church. Up to February 29, 1920, when the Service Flag was demobilized and the Stars and Stripes were lowered only about eighty pictures appeared in the frame, but the promise of the remaining was assured. The service was one of the largest in the history of the Church, and one which expressed in behalf of all the deep abiding gratitude to the Defenders for their service to the nation. The subject of the sermon on that occasion was "The Heritage of Our Service Flag," and the following words with which the sermon closed, pertain to the de- mobilization : "To this end, then, we demobilize our Service Flao", believing; that our part in this World War has left in the nations concerned a new dynamic for a better world, a world in which all men will have the privilege to grow great and strong, as God intended them. The 124 Defenders whose services are indicated by the emblems in the field of white are held in a peculiar relation to the Pastor and mem- bers of this Church. Our debt of gratitude to them who served in our behalf can never be paid. The cost is so infinite when measured in terms of the lad whose star was turned into gold and of him who bears the scars of conflict in his own body. The glory is ever-in- creasing when we remember the loyalty and bravery which marked the soul of each who adorns this Service Flag. It is such who have helped to create that condition in the nations which will make the freedom of opportunity the ultimate issue of them all. And believing 22 The Service of the Church this we can never be true to this heritage if we pause in our efforts until that goal has been reached. With this we demobilize the flag and unveil to posterity the pictures of those whom we love and honor, and who will ever remain as bright stars in our memory." At the close of the address the two Americans flags which had hung in front of the Church during the period of the war were slowly lowered by Mr. M. R. Taggart, Mr. W. A. Gilleland, Mr. A. M. Carline and Mr. S. M. Evans, members of the Grand Army of the Republic, and the Service Flag was demobilized by Sergeant William Raymond McWilliams, Private Robert H. Evans, Ensign William H. Wills, and Quartermaster William Galbraith Stewart, men who are numbered among our Defenders, Coincident with the lowering of the flags Isabel McGregor, daughter of First Lieutenant William J. McGregor, and Nancy Elizabeth Freas, daughter of Walter J. Freas, unveiled the pictures which have now become a permanent treasure in the hallwav of our Chapel. The atmosphere created by such an event stimulated the desire to pray, and the consecration to God of what had been won in the victory of the Allied cause formed a fitting close for the service. Again the Churcli was returned to her pre-war life, but it could never be the same. Something new had entered, a flavor, a responsibility, a personal consecration, a new desire to know God, a new earnestness in the search after right, and in the crushing of wrong. This was the inevitable result as a reaction from those personal experiences which had forced upon all a demand for a true knowledge of God and a more firm ground for the Christian faith. It was necessary for the Church to take one more step in order to complete a history of the part which she had in the World War, some testimony of her abiding appreciation for what the Defenders did. She realized that memory is short-lived and that the things which are common knowledge for people living in their details become buried history as the years go by. It was this that made her feel that some fitting memorial in honor of those who served and in recogni- tion of what they had won must form a part of the gratitude which is full and rich in the hearts of her members. That memorial took the form of a tablet, which appears elsewhere in this brochure, and which was unveiled on Sabbath morning, November 20, 1921. The address on that occasion and the presentation to the Defenders 23 First Prtshyterian Church was given by your Pastor, and the memorial was accepted on behalf of the Defenders by First Lieutenant William J . McGregor. In accept- ing the gift, Dr. McGregor said: "'Dear members of the First Presbyterian Church and citizens of Wilkinsburg, and comrades in arms: we, members of the United States Army and Navy, have been ever mindful of the spirit of the members of this Church during the years of 1917 and 1918. It was the same spirit which existed in 'sixty-one and 'ninety-eight. But with your spirit of patriotism and loyalty to our flag and country during; the World War the hope that it would end war was ever your beacon light and our beacon light, and that patriotism would no longer be signified by the young manhood of the world going out to do battle against a foe, but rather that patriotism would be signified by that commandment, 'Love thy neighbor as thyself,' and thus destroy those old frontiers of hate. "Last Sabbath, just as the shadows of evening were falling over the Capitol of this, our beloved country, it was my privilege, with my family, to stand in Arlington Cemetery, at the grave of Our Un- known American Soldier, a personality lost that war might end. My thoughts were not of deeds of bravery, of tears and bloodshed: but rather, as I looked down the valley where lay the City of Washington, I felt the spirit, the individuality of this Unknown American Soldier and I determined that patriotism should no longer be brought out by war and bloodshed, but rather that it should be brought out by peace throuo^h love of God and humanity. As we stood on that hallowed ground, out of the silence one could hear from that great amphi- theater at Arlington, not the voice of man, but the voice from the Sermon on the Mount, 'Blessed are the Peacemakers ; for they shall be called the children of God.' "Therefore, friends, we, the veterans of wars in which this, our beloved country, has been involved accept this tablet, not as a me- morial of war and bloodshed, but rather as a beacon light to help us all to deepen our love for God and humanity, and thus bring peace to this battle-scarred world." 24 The Service of the Church ihe unveiling was clone by three members of the Grand Army of the Republic: Mr. A. M. Carline, Mr. M. R. Taggart and Mr. Joseph D. Lewis. We are fortunate to have in our midst these men of the 'sixties, whose service for their country resulted in con- serving a united nation, and in making that nation during the World War the deciding factor in a victory for humanity. Mr. Wil- liam G. Ewing, who has never failed to beautify the Church with his artistic appreciation of the fitness of things, instinctively found the right place for the flowers and greens, weaving them into the very meaning of the service. The Memorial itself is a thing of beauty, artistically conceived and splendidly worked out in all its details. The concealed compartment which contains the Roll of our Defenders engrossed on parchment is unique and forms part of what will be considered one of the finest Memorial Tablets erected by any religious organization. On the large shield appears the prophecy of the Church as to the meaning of the victorv which was won. It reads: ''The First Presbyterian Church of Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania, erects this tablet in honor of the mem- bers whose loyal service in the World War has helped to conserve the freedom of opportunity for their own nation and for the nations of the World." This declares that the outcome of the World War has not yet been revealed to humanity, but that there has been begun in the nations of the world a process of reconstruction by destroying the foundations upon which the social structure of the old world was built and by making possible the creation of a new world on the rock bottom of a freedom of opportunity for the peoples. Even a casual view of the nations across the sea will show that they are in the very birth throes of this freedom which has been released by the issues of the World War. Poland, Jugo-Slavia, Czecho-Slovakia, Russia, the Balkan States and others are struggling with a new hope — the hope of freedom, the hope of opportunity, the new life stirring in the hearts of the people. The old forms of government are gone. The subjection and suppression of the peoples in some of the nations have been converted into an unlimited freedom, with the result that the mass is confused and uncertain as to the true way. It mav 25 First Presbyterian Church he many years before that spirit of liberty, that freedom of oppor- tunity which the people now vaguely feel, will crystallize in their lives so as to be tributary to the life of the nation. But the dynamic is there, and it is destined to grow more and more conscious and more and more concrete as the history of these nations develops That motive is not generally recognized, but it is active and revo- lutionary, the prophecy of a new day and the promise of a new world; so that never again will a nation be established on the fabric of the old autocracy. It is the thought of this new hope which our Defenders have helped to make possible among the nations that brings the overflowing gratitude to our hearts. We shall never forget their loyalty, their bravery and their sacrifice, and the World will sing praises unto their names throughout all time. a: 26 The Records of Service Alone amid the hattle-din untouched Stands out one figure beautiful, serene; 7^0 grime of smo\e nor reeling hlood hath smutched The virgin brow of this unconquered queen. She is the Joy of Courage vanquishing The unstilled tremors of the fearful heart; And it IS she that bids the poet sing, And gives to each the strength to bear his part^ Dyneley Hussey 28 THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF WILKINSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA THE ROLL OF OUR DEFENDERS THE WORLD WAR 1917^918 Military and l^iaval Service J. WALTER AILES ROBERT WILSON ALLISON ELMORE EVERETT APT (Ardmore) KENNETH W. APT (Ardmore) CHARLES DUDLEY ARMSTRONG DWIGHT LUDDEN ARMSTRONG PAUL G. BAKER WASHINGTON GLADDEN BALPH WILLIAM F. BARCLAY DAVID RUSSELL BERGER KENNETH BLACK ROBERT G. BRECHIN (Ardmore) WALTER HALL CAMERON GREYSON HASLETT COLLINGWOOD ELLIS MYLES COVELL LESLIE N. CRICHTON ROY EVERETTE DELANEY (Ardmore ALFRED HALL DRUMMOND WILLIAM BOYD DUFF WILLIAM M. EAKIN ROBERT M. EDWARDS THOMAS EDWARD EIDEL, JR. FRANK M. ENGLISH, JR. FRANK ALEXANDER EVANS ROBERT HAMILTON EVANS ROBERT M. EWING FRANK VAN HAAG FIRESTINE CHARLES ELLSWORTH FISHER WALTER JOHNSON FREAS RAYMOND A. GERWIG CHARLES EVERETT GILSON LAWRENCE RICE GOLLADAY ALFRED KIMBALL GRAF JOSEPH DEAN GRASSEL STANLEY M. GRAY HENRY TOUNSEND CARPENTER Killed in Action CLARENCE WESTERVELT HAGAN ARTHUR SAMUEL HAINES HOWARD RUSH HAINES WALTER ROY HAINES CLIFFORD OLIN HARVEY JOHN TAYLOR HENDERSON KARL MASON HEWITT MERLE WALKER GRAHAM HILEMAN RUSSELL S. HILLIARD ROBERT JACKSON HORNE WARREN C. HURST EDWARD ALBERT JENKINS, JR. RALPH ARLINGTON KACY SAMUEL HARRIS KELLER HAROLD RAYMOND KITCHIN CARLTON S. KOCH ) WILLIAM MEDKIRK LEDWITH LAWRENCE R. LINHART ARNOLD HILMAR LOWE THEODORE S. MANDEVILLE ELDER W. MARSHALL DOUGLAS W. MORGAN STEWART WILBUR MOULTON ALEXANDER L. MURDOCH THOMAS B. MURPHY JOHN ALEXANDER McATEER HOWARD C. McCRADY WILLIAM LYLE McDANIEL GEORGE FULTON MacDONALD J. C. McDOUGALL WILLIAM JOHN McGREGOR JAMES MORGAN McNALL HARRY C. McQUOWN LOUIS JOLLY McWILLIAMS WILLIAM RAYMOND McWILLIAMS WILLIAM H. NESBIT WILLIAM HARRIS NEWBAKER WARREN B. NICHOLS ROBERT HAYS NICHOLSON WILLIAM BYRON PATTERSON, JR. ALAN EARL POLLOCK ARTHUR NELAN POLLOCK CHARLES PALMER POWELL HAYDEN POWELL DAVID HARPER REICHARDT GEORGEWASHINGTON REID(Ardmore) HUGH DOUGLASS REID (Ardmore) KENNETH HAYS RIAL KARL H. ROHRBAUGH JOSEPH MORRISON SALSBURY GEORGE VINCENT SANDS DAVID SCOTT, JR. WILLIAM JAMES SCOTT (Ardmore) FRANK A. SHUTES, JR. CHARLES EDWARD SKINNER, JR. RALPH E. SLEPPY CARLYLE RICHARD SODON THOMAS WILLIAM STEPHENS ANDREW HOWARD STEWART WILLIAM GALBRAITH STEWART, JR. SARA LOUISE SWICK JOSEPH WILLIAM THOMPSON CEDRIC ERROL THURSTON KENNETH WALTER VAN EMAN WILLIAM MILLER VERNOR WILDER JUDD WALKER OLIVER ANDREW WELLS JOSEPH STEVENSON WELWOOD CHARLES D. WILCOX ALBERT JAMES WILSON WILLIAM HARMAN WILLS, JR. Medical Enlisted Reserve Corps JAMES ROSE BALPH JOHN DAY GARVIN JOSEPH PAUL HARVEY CHARLES KEPHARTE MURRAY Student Army Training Corps CHARLES ALBERT BAUER FRANCIS H. GIBSON GEORGE JACKSON MacLEOD SAMUEL BAIRD NICHOLSON MARGUERITE BOULANGER FRANK C. BOYD ADAM M. CARLINE, JR. Vv^elfare and Red Cross V/or\ FLORIDA SUMNER KOUNTZ CLARA RANKIN SLOAN GEORGE A. SLOAN ANNE DUNN TURNER EUGENE DIMMICK WELWOOD BERTHA NORTH WILCOX 29 HENRY TOUNSEND CARPENTER Henry Tounsend Carpenter entered the Aviation Service, U. S. Army, on Decem- ber 9, 1917. He gave up his studies at the University of Pittsburgh and went to New York that he might see active service. He was sent to Fort Slocum, N. Y., and attached to a unit which, after training in the Kelly Field, San Antonio, Texas, and Camp McArthur, Waco, Texas, became the 255th Aero Squadron. After two months in training there the squadron was sent to Wilbur Wright's Field, Dayton, Ohio, for special instruction; then two weeks later to Mineola, Long Island. On June 15, 1918, when the squadron was divided, he was attached to Company G, 359th Infantry, 180th Brigade, 90th Division, and sent overseas. After a short stay in camp at Winchester, England, the regiment was ordered to Recey-sur-Ource, France, and later to Gurgy Chateau, where he received intensive training. During this time he was three weeks in hospital at Recey, sick with influenza. In August, 1918, he went into the trenches near Toul, and from this time on was in active front line service. Through the St. Mihiel offensive he served as relay runner,, carrying messages between Brigade and Regimental Headquarters. After a few days behind the lines he again moved forward, on October 16, to a very active sector in the Meuse- Argonne offensive. On the afternoon of November 2, 1918, at Villers-devant-Dun, in a raid on German machine gun nests, he was killed. The continuous fighting pre- vented burial until November 5, which is the official date of death for the Government records. He was buried by his comrades on a hill overlooking Villers-devant-Dun. During the summer of 1919 his body was removed to the Meuse-Argonne cemetery at Romagne, France. 30 WILLIAM JOHN McGREGOR William John McGregor entered the United States Army Medical Corps in May, 1917. He was commissioned as first lieutenant. After two weeks' instruction at Wash- ington, D. C, in the Army Medical School, he was ordered to England, where he became commanding officer at Cardiac Hospital, a division of the 2nd Western Gen- eral Hospital, Manchester, England. He remained here until December, 1917, when he was ordered to France and attached to the 6th Field Ambulance, 2nd Division, British 3rd Army. He engaged in the battle of Havrincourt Wood and before Cambrai in January, 1918. He was transferred to the 2nd Machine Gun Battalion, 2nd Division, British 3rd Army, and engaged in the German offensive from March 21 until March 29, 1918, when he was wounded in action, losing both legs, at Albert, France. He was first sent to the British Hospital at Ataples, France, where he remained for two months; then to the British Red Cross Hospital at Lancaster Gate, London, England, where he remained until August, 1918, when he was ordered back to the United States. He landed on September 1, 1918, and was sent to the \^ alter Reed Hospital, Washington, D. C, about September 15, 1918. He was honorably discharged December 31, 1918. 31 mm JOHN WALTER AILES John Walter Ailes entered Company B, 331st Bat- talion Tank Corps, (T. C. M. A.) at Camp Colt, G^ettysburg, Pa., on May 30, 1918. He was ranked -is,.private, and during his service was promoted to corporal and later to sergeant. On August 10, 1918, he entered the Officers' Training School. He was honorably discharged January 1, 1919. C ROBERT WILSON ALLISON Robert Wilson Allison entered the Medical Corps and was attached to Base Hospital 48 at Fort Mc- Henry, Maryland, on December 8, 1917. He was ranked as private and during his service he was promoted to private, 1st class. On July 5 he was sent to France and attached to Base Hospital 48. , His service in France, which lasted until April 13, 'fl919, was in the Mars-sur-Allier section. He was honorably discharged May 7, 1919. C ELMORE EVERETT APT Elmore Everett Apt (Ardmore) entered Battery B, 107th Field Artillery, 28th Division, on June 11, 1917. He was ranked as private and during his service was promoted to corporal of the Ordnance Department, but with his return to the Battery was made private, 1st class. He was sent to Camp Hancock, Augusta, Ga., where he received his training from September 1, 1917, to May 10, 1918, when he was sent to France. From August 14 to September 10 he operated in Fismes-Vesle; from September 10 to September 16 in the Oise-Aisne; from September 22 to October 18 in the Meuse- Argonne; and from October 25 to November 11 in the Ypres Lys. On August 22, 1918, he was gassed near Cherry Chartreuve, and sent to the field hos- pital. He was cited in regimental order as member pirate gun crew at Audenarde, Belgium. He was honorably discharged May 21, 1919. ~ "'y '^ 32 ?--\r^ CHARLES DUDLEY ARMSTRONG Charles Dudley Armstrong entered the Ordnance Reserve Corps on January 18, 1918. He was com- missioned as first lieutenant. For the first five weeks he was attached to the Trench Warfare Sec- tion of the Ordnance Department, located at Wash- ington, D. C, and on April 1, of the same year he was transferred to Baltimore, Maryland, where he was attached to the headquarters of the Edge- wood Arsenal. Later in July he was transferred to the Chemical Warfare Service. It was during his service here that, on October 20, 1918, he was promoted to captain. He was honorably discharged January 25, 1919. C KENNETH W. APT Kenneth W. Apt ( Ardmore) entered Company 554, 2nd Division, on September 26, 1918. He was ranked as private and was attached to the U. S. Medical Corps. He was honorably discharged June 1, 1919. C DAVID RUSSELL BERGER David Russell Berger entered Company M, 18th Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry, which, in Octo- ber, 1917, combined with the 6th Pennsylvania In- fantry to form the 11th Infantry of the 28th Division, on June 22, 1916. He was ranked as private and in November, 1917, he was promoted to corporal. In January, 1918, he was transferred to the Headquarters Company of 111th Infantry, where, in April, 1918, he was promoted to the rank of sergeant. He received his training in Camps Pershing and Stewart, of Texas, in Camp Anderson, of Ridgway, Pa., and in Camp Han- cock, of Augusta, Ga. In April, 1918, he sailed for France and received his training at Langres, rejoining his regiment in June. On July 4, 1918, he was sent to the front, where he remained in continuous action, with the exception of an occa- sional rest of a few days until November 3, 1918. From July 4 to 27, 1918, he was in the Fifth German offensive; from July 28 to September 7, 1918, on the Ourcq and Vesle Rivers; from Sep- tember 26 to October 9, 1918, in the Meuse-Ar- gonne offensive, and from October 15 to November 3, 1918, in the Thiacourt section. He was honor- ably discharged May 4, 1919. 33 PAUL G. BAKER Paul G. Baker entered the 109th Field Hospital, 28th Division, on June 22, 1917. He was ranked as private, and during his service was promoted to private, 1st class. In the month of August, 1917, he was sent to Camp Hancock, Augusta, Ga., where he remained in training until the following May. He was moved with his company to France in the month of June, 1918, and served in different hos- pitals until July 26, 1919, when he was honorably discharged. er of the Local Draft Board. Number 13, where he served until that work was completed. He was then given charge of the Southwestern Ship Building Hospital until the signing of the Armis- tice. C ARNOLD H. LOWE Arnold H. Lowe entered the Medical Corps, Fort Oglethorpe, Ga., in April, 1918. He was ranked as private, and during his service he was promoted to corporal and to sergeant. In July, 1918, he was sent to the General Hospital, Markleton, Pa., where he served until August 23, 1918, when he entered the Chaplains' Training School at Camp Taylor, Louisville, Ky. After his graduation, on Septem- ber 26, 1918, he was commissioned as first lieuten- ant and sent to France, where he was attached to the 149th Machine Gun Battalion, 42nd Division, as chaplain. From November 8 to 15, 1918, he engaged in the battle of the Meuse-Argonne. After the signing of the Armistice he was sent into Ger- many with the Army of Occupation and remained there until his honorable discharge Mav 9, 1919. 52 ). - ELDER W. MARSHALL Elder W. Marshall entered the Ordnance Depart- ment at Washington, D. C, on July 22, 19181 He was commissioned as captain and was attached to the contract section of the Procurement Division, where he was engaged in legal work and negotia- tions with contractors in reference to ordnance ma- terial. He has the distinction of drawing the larg- est single contract which was made by the War De- partment — the $100,000,000.00 contract for tanks. He was honorably discharged February 1, 1919. C THEODORE S. MANDEVILLE Theodore S. Mandeville entered the Student Armv Training Corps on October 1, 1918, with the Lni- versity of Pittsburgh Lnit. He was ranked as private. The middle of October he was sent to Camp Gordon, Atlanta, Ga., and attached to the 32nd Company, Central Officers' Training School, where he remained until he was honorably dis- charged December 1, 1918. C DOUGLAS W. MORGAN Douglas W. Morgan entered the U. S. Marine Corps on October 1, 1918. After completing his train- ing at Paris Island he was transferred to Quantico. \'a., where he joined the 185th Company, 15th Regiment, 2nd Provisional Brigade. He was ranked as private and during his service was pro- moted to private, 1st class. From October 7, 1918, to February 2, 1919, he was stationed at Paris Island, from February 3 to February 16, 1919, at Quantico, Va. On March 2, 1919, he was sent to Santo Domingo, where he served in the Domini- can campaign with the Eastern Division until De- cember 8, 1919. He was honorably discharged -^- ^-December 18, 1919. 7i--- (■ .^v 53 THOMAS B. MURPHY Thomas B. Murphy entered the U. S. Naval Re- serve Force at Wissahickon Camp, Cape May, N. J., on May 9, 1917. After three months of training he was transferred to the U. S. S. "Huntington" and ranked as seaman, 2nd class. During his ser- vice he was promoted to machinist mate, 1st class. He made thirteen trips on the U. S. S. "Hunting- ton," which was doing convoy duty. He was honorably discharged May 9, 1921. C GEORGE JACKSON MacLEOD George Jackson Macleod entered the Student Army Training Corps with the Washington and Jeffer- .SQU College Unit on October 8, 1918. He was ranked as private and stationed in Washington, Pa. He was honorably discharged December 15, 1918. C STEWART WILBUR MOULTON Stewart Wilbur Moulton entered the United States Merchant Marine A. T. S. on May 14, 1918. He was ranked as seaman and assigned to the S. S. "Calvin Austin," Boston, Mass. After a month of service he was transferred to the S. S. "Poughkeep- sie," used in transporting supplies for the Army and Navy. During the next six months he made two trips to France on the S. S. "Deepwater," which was used in conveying supplies. He was honorably discharged February 6, 1919, as A. B. seaman. 54 r JOHN ALEXANDER McATEER John Alexander McAteer entered the U. S. Naval Reserve May 25, 1918. He was ranked as cox- swain, and during his service he was promoted to midshipman. After his training at Camp Pelham. N. Y., he did transport duty and patrol service in the North Channel. He was honorably discharged February 5, 1919. ed April 12, 1919. C HOWARD C. McCRADY Howard C. McCrady entered the Ordnance Field Service at San Antonio Arsenal, Texas, on Decem- ber 20, 1917. He was ranked as private. On May 1, 1918, he was promoted to sergeant of ordnance; on August 10, 1918, to ordnance sergeant, and on December 9, 1918, he was commissioned as second lieutenant. On April 16, 1918, he was transferred to Camp Hancock, Augusta, Ga., where he acted as instructor for three months in the Ordnance Supply School and was charged with the duty of training men for overseas. In October, 1918, he was given command of the Ordnance Depot Com- pany II and remained in this capacity until De- cember 31, 1918, when he was lionorably dis- charcred. 55 WILLIAM LYLE McDANIEL William Lyle McDaniel entered the Officers' Train- ing Camp, Fort Sheridan, Alabama, in August, 1917. He was ranked as first lieutenant and aftfer his service at Fort Monroe, Fort Adams and New- port, R. I., he was commissioned as captain and made company commander of the 66th Artillery, C. A. C, in the American Expeditionary Force. He was sent overseas and spent the time in the train- ing area at Limoges, LaCourtine and Bordeaux. He was honorably discharged March 19, 1919. §^ c LOUIS JOLLY McWILLIAMS Louis Jolly McWilliams entered the navv on April 21, 1917. He was ranked as seaman, 2nd class, and during his service was promoted to quarter- master, 3rd class, and quartermaster, 2nd class. He was engaged in mine sweeping and convoy duty on the U. S. S. "McKeever" and the U. S. S. ''Sialia." He was honorably discharged March 27. 1919. c JAMES CLINTON McDOUGALL James Clinton McDougall entered the service Feb- ruary 13, 1918, in the aviation section aeronautics He was ranked as private, 1st class, and after a course of three months at the Aeronautic School connected with Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology he was eomniissioned as a second lieutenant. After one month of training in the compass school at Camp Dick, Dallas, Texas, he was sent to France, arriving there in July. From July to December, 1919, he served in the aeroplane performance test- ing, which was attached to the aviation headquarters at Paris. He was honorably discharged January 21, 1920. \>^ V.iX' 56 ; 1 J r JAMES MORGAN McNALL James Morgan McNall entered the Medical Corps, Tuberculosis Board, on July 21, 1917, as a con- tract surgeon, and was commissioned as first lieu- tenant. On iNovember 13, 1917, he was promoted to captain and on August 23, 1918, to major. He served at Fort Logan H. Roots, Arkansas; Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. ; Camp Meade, Admiral, Md.: Camp Lee, Petersburg, Va., on the Tuberculosis Board until the end of demobilization. Then he was transferred to General Hospital 19, Oteen, N. C, in tuberculosis work, and commissioned surgeon (reserve) in U. S. Public Health Service, and as- signed to active duty at Oteen, N. C. He was hon- orably discharged from service at Camp Knox, Ky.. December 31. 1920. ft HARRY CLINTON MacQUOWN Harry Clinton MacQuown entered the Ordnance Department April 5, 1918. He was ranked as pri- vate and during his service was promoted to ord- nance sergeant. This promotion was made during his service in France. After a preliminary train- ing at Camp Hancock, Augusta. Ga., he left for overseas August 31, 1918. He remained in France until July 5. 1919. and was honorablv discharged July 11, 1919. c GEORGE FULTON MacDONALD George Fulton MacDonald entered the Medical Corps on July 10, 1917. He was commissioned as first lieutenant. After two weeks of training in the Army Medical School of Washington, D. C, he was sent to England, where he served in the Chester War Hospital at Chester for two months, when he was ordered to France. He was assigned detached service from the American Army with the British Expeditionary Forces in the Ypres and Armen tiers sectors. From here he was sent to the British base and was detailed to Ambulance Trains, where he remained until his return to this country. He was honorablv discharged Mav 2. 1919. 57 ""^ WILLIAM H. NESBIT William H. Nesbit entered the U. S. Tank Corps at Washington, D. C, from the U. S. Naval Acad- emy, Annapolis, Md., on November 3, 1918. He was ranked as private and was sent to Camp Polk, Raleigh, N. C, for training. He remained there until the signing of the Armistice and was honor- ably discharged December 28, 1918. C WILLIAM HARRIS NEWBAKER William Harris Newbaker entered the Ordnance Training School at Camp Hancock, Augusta, Ga., on February 15, 1918. He was ranked as a pri- vate. After a service of three months he was trans- ferred to the Ordnance Supply Depot, Camp Meade, Admiral, Md., where he remained until he was honorably discharged February 1, 1919. C WILLIAM RAYMOND McWILLIAMS William Raymond McWilliams entered Company D, 15th U. S. Engineers on May 17, 1917. He was ranked as private, and during his service was promoted to corporal and to sergeant. After serv- ing in the Recruiting Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., from May 17 to 30, 1917, he entered the training camp at East Oakmont, where he remained until July 8, 1917, compiling army records and doing general clerical work. In July he was sent to France. From August 1 to September 2 he was stationed in Issou- dun; from September 3 to February 2, 1918, in Gievres; from February 4 to March 23 in Villers- le-Sec; from March 24 to November 19, in Liffol- le-Grand; from November 20 to 28 in Etain; from November 29 to January 23, 1919, in Beaumont, Letanne, Sedan, and from January 26 to April 13 in Bordeaux. During this time he was engaged in important engineering work in its various phases, and especially railroad construction and operation. He was honorably discharged May 15, 1919. S{5 WARREN HARDEN NICHOLS Warren Barden Nichols entered the 319th Infantrv, 2nd Battalion, 80th Division, on October 3, 1917. He was ranked as private, and during his service was promoted to corporal. He received his train- ing at Camp Lee, Petersburg, Va. On May 18, 1918, he was sent overseas. For three and one- half months he operated in the Arras sector with the British, and during the next two months in the St. Mihiel, Verdun and Argonne sectors. He was honorably discharged July 24, 1919. CcS 68 1 WILLIAM MILLER VERNOR William Miller Vernor entered the U. S. N. R. F. for submarine duty June 21, 1918, at Pittsburgh, Pa. He was ranked as an ensign, and for the first three months was attached to the Submarine U. S. S. 0-4, operating in the Atlantic waters. This was part of the Atlantic Fleet, Submarine Force, Divi- sion 8. The next three and one-half months were spent in the U. S. Naval Academy in the .5th Re- serve Officers' Class. He was honorably discharged Jainiarv 6. 1919. in Philadelphia. Pa. C CEDRIC ERROL THURSTON Cedric Errol Thurston entered Company M, 4th Engineers' Training Regiment on May 29, 1918. He was ranked as private, and during his service he was promoted to corporal and to sergeant. He was sent to Camp Humphries, Va., where he en- gaged in forestry work. He was honorably dis- charged December 12, 1918. C KENNETH WALTER VAN EMAN Kenneth Walter Van Eman entered Company H, 1st Replacement Regiment Engineers at Washing- ton Barracks, D. C, on October 1, 1917. He was commissioned as a first lieutenant and was en- gaged in training engineer replacement troops. On June 15, 1918, he was transferred to Company F, 4th Regiment Engineers, 4th Division, A. E. F., and was sent to France. From July 18 to 27, 1918, he operated in the Champagne-Marne offensive; from August 1 to 5, 1918, in the Vesle River sec- tor; from September 9 to 12 in the Toulon sector; from September 12 to 16 in the St. Mihiel offensive; from September 26 to October 19, 1918, in the Meuse-Argonne offensive; and following that he had a part in the operations at Cherry Chartreuve, Mt. St. Martin, Fismes, Barrouches, Montharon, Vaux Esnes-Malincourt, and Cuisy-Septsarges-Non- tilois. After the signing of the Armistice he was made a member in the Army of Occupation, enter- ing Germany on December 5, 1918. He was hon- orably discharjied August 12. 1919. 69 JOSEPH STEVEN WELWOOD Joseph Steven Welwood entered Company C, 103rd Field Signal Battalion of the 28th Division on June 4, 1917, at Pittsburgh, Pa. He was ranked as private and during his service was promoted to sergeant. He was in training for seven months in signal corps work with the 28th Division at Camp Hancock, Augusta, Ga., and was later sent to France. From July 14 to 27, 1918, he was en- gaged in the battle of Chateau Thierry; from Sep- tember 26 to October 9, 1918, in the Meuse- Argonne, and from October 9 to November 11, 1918, in the Coulumiers. He was honorably dis- charged May 18, 1919. c EUGENE DIMMICK WELWOOD Eugene Dimmick Welwood entered the Y. M. C. A. as a secretary on August 6, 1918. He was assigned to the 103rd Field Signal Battalion, 28th Division. He was sent to France and served in huts at Bar le Due, St. Mihiel, Hudecourt, Wianville, Essey and Toul. After the signing of the Armistice he was in charge of the enlisted men's club until Feb- ruary 11, 1919, when he was released. C OLIVER ANDREW WELLS Oliver Andrew Wells entered the Medical Depart- ment and was attached to the Headquarters Com- pany, Battalion 15, Camp Greenleaf, Ga., on July 18, 1918. He was ranked as private and during his service he was promoted to sergeant and ser- geant, 1st class. He was engaged in the Ordnance Supply House until his transfer to Escort Detach^ ment. New York City, where he received special training in the care of wounded soldiers at the U. S. Army Debarkation Hospital 3, New York City. This training led to a service on the transports which brought the wounded back from France, and finally to the service of taking the wounded from New York City to the different hospitals throughout the States. He was honorably dis- charged July 15, 1919. 70 ALBERT JAMES WILSON Albert James Wilson entered the service on August 25, 1917. He was ranked as private and on Novem- ber 27, 1917, he was commissioned as first lieu- tenant and assigned to Headquarters Company, 78th Field Artillery, 6th Division (Regular Army). In July, 1918, after a service at Fort Oglethorpe, Ga., at Camp Logan. Texas, at Fort Sill, Okla., as regimental liaison officer, he was sent to France, where he was made company commander. From November 1 to 11, 1918, he engaged in the Ar- gonne Forest offensive. After the signing of the Armistice he remained in France until July, 1919, when he returned with his regiment to Camp Grant, 111., and was made personnel adjutant. He was honorablv discharged at Camp Dix, Wrightstown, N. J., on^October 3, 1919. c WILLIAM HARMAN WILLS, Jr. William Harman Wills, Jr., entered the Hydro- phone School, New London, Conn., on September 4, 1918. He was ranked as machinist mate, 2nd class, U. S. N. R. F. After graduation from the Hydrophone School on November 16, 1918, he was commissioned as ensign, U. S. N. R. F. and was transferred to the Naval District Base, New London, Conn., where he remained for three months. During the last month and one-half of his service he was stationed at the Naval Experi- mental Station, New London. He was honorably discharged March 12, 1919. c CHARLES D. WILCOX Charles D. Wilcox entered the Officers' Training Camp at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Ind., on May 13, 1917. He was ranked as a candidate for Re- serve Officers' Training Corps. On August 29, 1917, he was commissioned as second lieutenant, and during his service was promoted to first lieutenant. After nine months in Camp Sherman and one month at Ft. Sill, Okla., he was sent to France, where from September 26 to November 11, 1918, he engaged in the Argonne fight, with the 322nd Field Artillery. After the signing of the Armis- tice he was attached to the Army of Occupation, with the 32nd Division, reaching Coblenz Decem- ber 13, 1918, and remaining there until April 22, 1919. He was honorablv discharged June 23, 1919. 71 BERTHA NORTH WILCOX Bertha North Wilcox entered the service in the work of the Red Cross on June 15, 1918. She re- mained in Pittsburgh until November 15, 1918, when she was sent as a nurse to the Walter Reed Hospital, located in Washington, D. C. She served there is a nurse until her release from the work on April 1, 1919. C HAROLD RAYMOND KITCHIN Harold Raymond Kitchin entered the service as a secretary of Y. M. C. A. in London, during the fall of 1917. After a few months of service he enlisted as a pilot in the Royal Air Force, British Army and was ranked as private. During his ser- vice he was promoted to sergeant, to sergeant- major, and finally commissioned as lieutenant. He was served by the London General Hospital and by the Queen Elizabeth Hospital. He was honor- ably discharged in February, 1919. 72 The Permanent IS/lonuments *^:rrs^ ^ S^ CD ^ a n UU W ^ M-l .Z, TT WJ « < J tc o > ^ f^^< The Carpenter Tablet The bronze tablet reproduced on the opposite page was placed in the Church by the family of Henry Tounsend Carpenter, the only one of our Defenders who met death during the war. He was killed in action. The tablet bears the following inscription: In Memory of HENRY TOUNSEND CARPENTER Aged 22 Years 6 Months Killed in action November 5, 1918 At Villers-devant-Dun, France On the Meuse-Argonne Front. Greater love hath no man than this. That a man lay down his life for his friends. Surely there could not be a more appropriate place for a memorial to one who from infancy had been connected with the activities of this Church. ''And as they trusted, ive the task inherit. The unfinished task for which their lives ivere spent, But leaving us a portion of their spirit. They gave their ivitness and they died content.'' 75 \ ')f i The IsAemorial Tablet The erection of a bronze tablet as a permanent testimony of the deep appreciation of this Church for the part her members played in the World War, was under consideration as early as the middle of the year, 1918. But it was not until after the Armistice was signed that the services of Mr. Hermon A. MacNeil, a well-known sculptor of New York City, were sought through the influence of Mr. Charles D. Armstrong. Mr. MacNeil visited the Church and discussed the probable locations of such a tablet. After a careful consideration of the sketch submitted by the sculptor, he was authorized to go ahead with the work on December 17, 1919. Two designs were submitted and discussed in the following year until October 1, 1920, when the one which has become a thing of inspiration and beauty in our auditorium was accepted. 1 he legend of the picture has come to us in the sculptor's own words. The large shield of three and one-half feet in diameter repre- sents the shield of the United States and the inscription upon it the Church's interpretation of the contribution which our nation made to the World War. It reads: 'The First Presbyterian Church of wilkinsburg, pennsylvania, erects this tablet in honor of the members whose LOYAL SERVICE IN THE WoRLD WaR HAS HELPED TO CONSERVE THE FREEDOM OF OPPORTUNITY FOR THEIR OWN NATION AND FOR THE NATIONS OF THE WORLD." The fasces with the decorative hnale on either side steady the whole design and give it the militant character; and the scroll con- tains some suggestive words of battles and experiences of the war. On the left an adoring angel kneels in an attitude of homage, and in the lower right-hand corner of the shield appear the distinctive emblems of this warfare, interlaced with branches of laurel or oak. Upon the base there are seen the years which cover the nation's share in the World War, together with a compartment designated "Our Defenders," wherein will be found, engrossed on parchment, and attached to a spring roller, the names of those who served in behalf of this Church. The tablet was unveiled November 20, 1921. 77 Eventide The day is past and the toilers cease; The land grows dim ^mid the shadoivs gray. And hearts are glad, for the dark brings peace At the close of day. Each weary toiler, uith lingering pace. As he homeward turns, with the long day done.^ Looks out to the West, with the light on his face Of the setting sun. It speaks of peace that comes after strife. Of the rest He sends to the hearts He tried. Of the calm that follows the stormiest life — God^s eventide. John McCrae. Finis LIBRARY OF CONGRFc^c; illl