^^ ^ '^ ^A ,v^ \ ° x'^^ \ ^ , X ■* ^ ""^. .^^^ C ^•-0^ fO ^'-^^^ V^^^ i.i '^^' A ^'--'^o ^'\'- x>l" x'Jv^ c^ ^-^^ .^ *-€-^ ■^ ^0^ ^> O > .^^■■ b V" ^"-^^ DTflntiliLiLiLilaLiLiLiLiLiLiLiLiLiLnLiLlLiLiL^ I Ell !«^^ £71 diiif I m niEiin !) t In the State of Ohio, From its First Creation and Organization, to July Ath, 1876; ^11 3 TOGETHER WITH THE PEOCEEDINGS OF THE ASSEMBLED PEOPLE, M I '^ WHO MET ON THAT DAY AT HILLSBORO, THE COUNTY SEAT, TO 3 iff' s 15 15 ^ CELEBRATE THE CENTENNIAL BIRTHDAY OF THE NATION. AND ALSO, i toatoaiem i fti litaijf to Bii « IM^ Iff, » By JAMES H. THOMPSON, of Hillsboro, O. PRINTED AT THE HILLSBORO GAZETTE JOB ROOM. 1878. i,^^^^^^^^^^^^])ulati()n should be presented; Jind, as further back than 1810, no eniuneration of any census returns can be found, (because our organization commenced in 1805) ; therefore, from the peripd of 1810 the census returns can only ,be found, and are as foHows : 1870 29,133 Population of the County. 1860 27,773 1850 >5,781 1840 1830 22.269 16,345 1820 12,308 1810 5,766 Population of Toavns and Townships in 1870. TOWXS AND TOW NSI Ill's. H . 6 > Foreign. 1 White. Colored. Brush Creek Sinki n«j Sprin<;' 1601 200 1345 120 1262 112 1710 476 2565 128 163 508 242 959 157 005 503 544 95 5189 2818 3261 1712 821 514 1107 143 2429 • 111 216 220 1471 1029 1592 195 1258 120 1236 987 1612 447 2504 127 163 480 231 948 149 903 502 542 95 4817 2515 3090 1582 813 507 1094 140 2394 106 21 () 219 1410 987 9 5 87 1554 199 1336 120 1239 100 1705 474 2350 128 162 462 236 959 157 905 503 533 95 4470 2430 2888 1525 821 514 1091 143 2376 111 216 220 1260 1022 47 1 Clav I) "But'ord Concord a 26 25 98 29 61 1 •'3 Sugar-Tree Ridge Dodson 12 LyncWnirg Fairfiel I """372 303 171 130 s 7 35 5 46 (i Dauvillf .Taekson '( Belfast Fairfax a 11 North Uniontowu Liberty h Hillsboro 719 388 Madison 373 (Treenficld Marshall 187 Marshall New Market 16 New Market Paint New Boston 53 New Petersljurg Eainsborough Penn b Salem I 61 42 "'•m 7 12 THE HISTORY OF Population op Towns and Townships. — Continued. Towns and Townships. Princetown 117 Union 1455 Washington 972 Berrvville 78 White Oak 1052 Mowrystown 414 Taylorsville 52 115 1447 947 77 941 333 52 2 8 25 1 111 81 117 1-450 971 78 1052 414 52 a Of Fairfax: 250 in Concord and 294 in Jackson. b In 1852 Penn from Fairfield and Liberty. ••■Note. — The population of Hillsboro, according to the enumer- ation taken for school purposes in 1876, is 3,096. Churches, Mills, Manufactories, and Hotels. TOWNSHIPS. Brush Creek Concord , Clay Dodson Fairfield Hamer Jackson Liberty Marshall Madison New Market. Paint Penn Union Whiteoak.... AVashington . Salem I 6 4 6 12 •> 6 13 9 7 10 4 6 4 3 o 1 2 3 1 5 2 1 2 4 1 1 1875. Marriages. Births. Deaths. Divorces. 258 720 300 9 the county of highland. Schools and School-Houses — 1875. 13 NAMES OF TOWNSHIPS. Brush Creek 11 Concord 9 Clay 9 Dodson 7 Fairfield I 10 Hamer j 6 Jackson 7 Liberty 10 Marshall 5 Madison i 9 New Market ' 7 Paint 15 Penn 8 Salem 7 Union 7 White Oak 7 Washington S Hillsboro 2 And Tern. College And College Greenfield Leesburg Lynchburg New Lexington New Petersburg Russell Station $.'),000i 5,000 : ii'iJio! (),000| 6,000 i 1,500| 7,200! 4,500! 17,884! l,200i fi.MOO 5,000; 40,000 ! 80,000 i 20,000' 10,000, 10,000; " 6^00 1 2,700 12 10 9 12 19 7 8 9 9 12 7 11 7 8 13 o 7 10 4 4 1^, ^-^ Totals i 142 1482441 223 Boys . Girls. 4,380 3,890 Total 8,278 Abstract of Votes foe President in 1876. Republican 3,341 Democratic 3,323 Prohibition 9 Total 0,072 Abstract of Votes for Governor. 429 367 457 283 453 331 249 558 251 513 341 656 357 165 301 334 309 727 30 71 509 180 171 101 74 162 8278 1875 1865 1855 1815 18;!5 1825 1S15 1810 6,375 4,758 3,808 4,341 2,011 456 491 14 the history of Banks. National Banks 3 Capital $250,000.00 Private Banks 2 Capital 78,000.00 Total §;]2S,000.00 Dry goods stores, fancy stores, groceries, stores, carpen- ter shops, shoemaker stores and shops, hardware stores and blacksmith shops are too nnmerons to be mentioned. In addition to the foregoing property interests, there are four- teen free turnpike roads, of the total aggregate length of one hundred and twenty four miles ; and also, there are ten miles of the H. & C. railroad completed from Lynchburg, to Hillsboro ; and there are also about twenty miles of the M. & C. railroad, in running order, from Vienna to Green Held. The debts of the county in 1 oO(":'> 50 Sweet Potatoes, jjr.bu 75f«'l 00 Tallow, per ll» / White Beans, ])er bu 80f^'l 25 Wool, fieeced, ]K'r H)... :50 Dried A])ples, ])er lb.. 3rs, 4 Wool, tub-washed and Dried Peaches per 11) Green Ai)ples, per bu lorTfi V-)i picked 20' Wool , un washed Feathers, per Mi :W« 45 Chickens, Hve, per dz. 1 75f'/.2 25 Butter, p(>r Ih 1 nOi 18 Turkeys, per l'> 8 Eggs, ])er doz IS llonev, per ll> 25 THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 15 Wheat, per bu $1 20 Corn, per bu 35 Oats, per bu 22 Timothv Seed, pr bu 1 25 Flour, per cwt 3 25 Corn Meal, per bu.... 45 Potatoes, per bu 30 Sweet Potatoes, pr bu 1 GO White Beans, per bu 1 00 (S)l 50 Dried Apples, per lb 2.lf^), 3 Dried Peaches, per lb 6 (?) S Green Apples, pr bu 50 Feathers, per lb 35 (i<, 40 Butter, per lb 18 Eggs, per doz 17 HiLLSBoRo, Dec. 13, 187] Bacon Hams, per lb Bacon Sides, peijlb.. Bacon Shoulders, lb Lard, per lb Haj', per ton Sorghum ]\Iolasse8... Wood, per cord 3 00 Tallow, per lb Wool, fleece, per lb. Wool, tub-washed and picked Wool, unwashed Chickens, live, pr.dz 1 Honey, per lb 9 (ilOr^ 8 10 00 ("8 00 25 0< 30 00 (" 3 50 (U 35 Or 38 38 25 r« 30 00 Ocl 50 17 The foregoing statistical tables, and the occasional expla- nations attached to each, are believed in the main to present an accurate statement of the subject matter contained in each table, and an accurate outline of the relative condition of the county, as to each one of such subject matters. In tlie next chapter will l)e found a statement under sep- arate heads, of the contributions of Highland county to the civil and military service of the United States, and the civil service of the State of Ohio, etc., etc. CHAPTER II. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CIVIL SERVICE. "TiriGHLAND COUNTY has contributed to the civil service of the United States : William A. Trimble, of Hillsboro, ()., elected senator of the United States in 1819, and served until 1822, when he died. Joseph J. McDowell, of Hillsboro, O., elected to Congress in 1843, and re-elected in 1844, and served two terms.* Nelson Bakkere, of Hillsboro, O., elected in 1850, and served one term. Jonas R. Emru:, of Hillsboro, O., elected in 1854, and served one term. John A. Smith, of Hillsboro, O., elected in 18()8, and re-elect- ed in 1870; served two terms. Henry L. Dickey, of Greenfield, O., elected in October, 1876, and present member. HeprtHentatives in Co)ujre.s.s front other counties than Highland. Jeremiah Mijrrow, of Warren county, from 1805 to 1813. Duncan Mc Arthur and Wm. Creighton, Jr., of Ross county, from 1813 to 1815. Wm. Ckeighton, Jk., of Ross county, from 1815 to 1817. John W. Campbell, of Adams county, from 1817 to 1827. Wm. Russell, of Adams county, from 1827 to 1831. Thomas Corwin, of Warren county, from 1831 to 1840. Jeremiah ^NIokkow, of AVarren county, from 1841 to 1843. Thomas L. Hamer, of Brown county, elected in 1 847 ; died in Mexico, previous to the convening of Congress, to which he *The annual conjiressional election of 184;} and 1844 occurred on account of tlie failure of the (ieneral Assembly in the extra session of 1.S4L', to district tiic state under the census of 1840. thp: county of highland. 17 Was elected, being at tlie time of his death, a general in the mil- itary service of the United States. Jonathan Morris, of Clermont county, from 1847 to 1851. Andrew Ellison, of Brown county, from 1853 to 1855. J. R. CocKERiLL, of Adams county, from 1857 to 1859. Wm. H. Howard, of Clermont county, from 1859 to 1861. C. A. White, of Brown county, from 1861 to 1865. R. W. Clark, of Clermont county, from 1865 to 1869. Lawrence T. Neal, of Ross county, from 1873 to 1877. Other itieinbers of Congress, natives of Highland county, and educated therein . Cary a. Trimble, of Ross county, O,, member from 10th congressional district of Ohio, from 1859 to 1863. Granville Barrere, member from 9th district, Illinois, from 1875 to 1877. Collectors of Revenue. John M. Johnson, of Hillsboro, O. Zenos Hanley, of Hillsboro, O. W. O. Collins, of Hillsboro, O. Wm. M. Meek, of Hillsboro, O., appointed United States commissioner in 1859, and is the present incumbent. Deputy U. S. Marshals. David Miller, W. H. Woodroav, E. J. Blount, Jas. W. DoGGETT, and Samitel Ly'le, present incumbent, all of Hills- boro, O. James H. Thompson, of Hillsboro, O., Register in bankru|)t- cy ; appointed in 1867, and now in office, and before whom have been filed one hundred and thirty-nine voluntary and four invol- untary petitions in bankruptcy, viz: From Brown county, 29 ; Clermont, 3; C'linton, 35; Fayette, 46; Highland, 30. Postmasters at Hillsboro. James D. Scott, Cary A. Trimble, John A, Trimble, R. D. Lilley, J. R. Emrie, R. H. Ayres, Jacob Kirby', Daniel Browning, John Baskin, G. W. Lawrence, W. R. Smith and J. M. Barrere. 2 18 the histohy op" Military Service of the U. S. , and the State of Ohio. Col. Wm. a. Trimble, major of the 26th V. S. hifantry ; brevetted in 1814 as colonel of the Hth U. S. infantry. Cary a. Trimble, brevetted in 1814 as cajitain of first rifle regiment, U. S. army. The War of 1H12. One volunteer rifle company, enlisted and mustered into service by Capt. Geo. W. Barrere, of New Market, and William Davidson as lieutenant. One volunteer infantry company, enlisted and mustered into service by John Jones, of Hillsboro, as captain, and James Pat- terson as lieutenant. Under the General Call of 181."). One regiment of infantry, enlisted and called into service by Wm. Keys, of Hillsboro, O. , as colonel, and Allen Trimble as major, James Daniel as adjutant, Dr. Jasper Hand as sergeant, and Augustus Rictiards as sergeant's mate; consisting, in part, of the following companies from Highland county, enlisted and mustered into service by the following officers : C^apt. John .Tones, Capt. James Patterson, Capt. Hu(iH Kocjers, Capt. Joel Berryman. The lieutenants' names can not hv ascertained by inquiry among the oldest inhabitants. Mexican War. Infantry company: David Irick, capt. ; Jackson Kennifk, 1st lieutenant, and Samuel D. Stewart, 2d lieutenant. All the above officers were from Hillsboro, and the company was recruited in Highland county. During the war, Capt. Irick died, and Lieut. Kennipi: was promoted to captain, and Lieut. Stewart was promoted to 1st lieutenant, and the (")ni])any thus officered was attat^hed to the 2d Ohio regiment, under the com- mand of Col. (teor(;e W. Morgan; and for brave and gallant conduct of Lieut. Samuel D. Stewart, at the battle of San Francisco, February 24th, 1847, which is tlius reported: "But, bcinji surrounded on (>very side by the enemy, (V)l. Morgan "thoujilit it i)ru(h'iit to st-nil a coiirior to overtake Lieut. Col. IitwiN. THR COUNTY OI^ HlGttl.ANt). 19 "Lieut. Stkwakt, of Higlil;in . h S C 1— J 3 H PI W O H c H rt k1 H w w H = 'A y. l-^ -^ iJ| K r — t> '^ W .— 5^ u H W ^ u C Q EH (^ X O < ;p M ^ i w -f- ja ffi ^ (M ^ ^ ^ '^ Ph Ph Ph <: " --r 00 ft-M ^ Ph 0/ ^ - — O o '1; r, o o 2 ' fl o S r o s o Qj ■ "cc o '■''- C O '^' O „ 1 rt* CO CO 'CO CO CO CO CD CO CO X' CC' GO X X C« 0) a;, o rt r- r- nj C -^j!^ S O- ^ X' dJ Jh in ^' e Ji, rK J/ ►i --^ -— 03 I ffi' > ft, fa t> h^ a ^ ^ S S Q ,^ <1> C-* Q^ CJ .i:^ Qj 3 ;j :j 'h^ 3 5 ;:3 v^ r-^ 01 'M THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND, 21 0/ oj Hi > ■^a^ tJ* (M -* • ^ ^ -^ 1 XXX o i-H I— ( 1— ( H .^ r^ ^ W rt LO 1-1 (M T-^ -M ■fc, i^ -. C^P a j <1<1<1 1 H CJ pq « 42 >. 1 •* O 1 (M ^ «■ >< s.sl >: S S •r^S (-• 1^ ^XS'tJ G pi-; w « M pq > f^ ^ O .« > ^ o i P^ O H ■5 'Si) O) p '3^ 5 a> o T. « ^ --o C3 o „ " 9 -^ J? ■&■& -e (u " o .^ -r •" o o 5 r^ o 5 s r; "^ :? 0; "^ "^ '^ ai cK , ^- OJ a; a; ^ "t^ "^ M "^ ^ &H 2 := ~' '3 ^' a^ a; 5 5 "^ 2j -- ■:/; oj o o a> ^ri o rr --. 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'" Z S 6 **i li g-i o I H 0) S 03 CO CO ■X 00 gl CM Oh-: K ] ^1 (N 1 '^: CO CO CO CO CO CO 00 O) GO 00 OC CO jf- I— 1 I-H ,— I T— i I—I 1— 1 ^ C'C" o^ CO CO o*^ ^i^ C^l ' 0\ o Q "o ~ " ~ "i^ "o [^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H cS c: c3 cS 33 05 c r*; (^ r*i F^ r»*, f!^, 1 rH T—l 1—1 1—1 (N (N M CO CO CO CO :d ;^ 00 X CO -O X CCi ^H I— 1 ^H -^ T-^ n^ ^ co'"l^''co''c:'cn'--r Jl, Ol 'M 'M CI !M o ^ 'A -4J -4-^ -*-^ -t-^ w* ^ &, &, & ^ d - ■' 01 0) (L sCh ^ a; X' » % 1-: r-. >-. Q H _ _ '/^ r^ ' ■' • ■ '• O r^ ac s ►TO « . k~ O h-5 r^i 'X -^ O THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. ^3 ;^ 5^J S<1 (M !M (M (M X X CO ir^ ? "-I ,-(^ iM ^ >^ r-T 0) o3 '-*_( i; li C3 5 s o a c--r c (N lO (M (M CO CD ^ O X OC CO X Ph Pi CO CO X X iC i^ lO O lO •+! ,4 ^ —■ ^ r^ ^^ .-I ■-H'r-I^O r-H IM CO CO CO CO CO CO X X X X X X y 0) Oj gj 4> ^ S a3 i2 i2 £ "S ^8 ai !- _ - - >> s 5 " ■?:; — . 0; C3 -: ~ > , • S 1— 3 ■ • • ' • o : : ; *i -J < O ^ ^ ^ s 3 1 .2 .S .S ! CO ! X I— 1 o J?; -o O) &c •H 03 o .2 h 'S ' h 1 -^^ >a 1 1 pi o M K > 3 CO CO X ! ?J '~y^ --^ 1 i-H W o 'to i > H •"^ ^ r— 1 ; o •r-l O X CO I So S ^ P? "s -ij 1-5 00 IH 00 O 03 ' rO j '•^ 1 72 ' 3-' f^ c « 1 rt cS C 1 c OJ ic Oj u ^ ^ p >^> +J h w -t-" o a a; fl (U M OQ Fh 0) 0) pi -»-> § CO X o o > IM o al ,d a O -< CO ■M CO a X +;. J 5 ^'^ bC o o (-1 ^- — 1 T-^ o •1-1 o .^ X t-^ X X CO -M 5-1 (M (M CO CO O CO a: X X X X X 1— 1 — 1 T— 1 r-H r-^ B CO '-<'~'m'x''oo IM Ol ^ r-H bO n 0) 3 o s 3 E? P ^^ Pi h-i ^ . i-O : THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 25 Q •|| S^ jh ^ .2 •-" ; S o o S > O -u +J o * jj O Oi a; P^; > 01 ">) ri CO -t- ' X OC X X X X X :j (_r^ X -^ i-^ X • << Ta ?J ?J :I 7t ?J 5>! X X X X X X X ; ■;'i;-^ r^ "^ st it' ; S ►^ C ►^ X < < is;- :Ji' -' ^' 5 5 E J ^ s o c • . . ■ j; 5 o ^i£<;<-< .-r ^ 3 S S ^ . • . . ei rt C3 C ., • »-s »-5 X CO CK »-5 I-: H 1c ^^ rr "5 ^? "5c Ti "5 r-4 CJ fM — O -^ 'M — 4 fe si -2 a rfi ,rt 5(H <*-i a -^ a M ■I. M h S U © ^"T' (O O '»' 0) ■I-' -f +3 a a !3 E3 ^ '""' 1— 1 o *-r O !> -- > o o •r-l A " A o f^. O +3 -t +3 fl X fl 0) 0) a TO a •1-1 bn W) o tf cs' rt ,d § ,Jd -(J ■M on »o CD c^ t: it *j -ij -u 3 3 3 S X -yj "x "x "x -t- "5 "vc "x ^ tc "5 H :r :C ^ 3 A ■z 3 ■I. S ^ :i ^ :£ A § % § s^ ^ ^ P% ~ ^ ^ <3 lO \f^ -*< -t -+ -+ -^ 1^ 1^ -h 1^ lO X CfO X o. X X X X X X X I— 1 >— 1 ^H ^^ — ■— >— ^- — •— " >— — — ' '-' o ^•■ o «~ — ." —' ^■■ o — ' — ""■ ■>\ ■M "M "M ri M '-I I-: X X X X X ^ .^ c ^, ^^ i-^ 1*^ -r -f -f -t- -1- ,/^ 1^ -f IT tt' X X X X X X X X X X X X I-: i-i X X X X X , ^i, P5 ^ H-5 ;-- i^ H^'OfinHcic I 'o o '^ S.n.^.— .— ." 0.> Iv i> 26 THE IlISTOKV OF t> % O 'i' " T A +-' lO X -c 7 ^ *. ^ 'O^ a^ 1/ -- X r3 o o--: :J! i A rl dc '.2 X X X X X X -T X C r-. rt !.2 d:: zt 1.2 X X X X X X -^ X w r-. 1; : q ^'^ *;• • • F^ ^3 I I I J ^ '-I^ X i^ C-* 03 03 i-H — o < t> s O u; •iH :-: A :; o g Pi i- o ?J ?J rr :5 X X X X -.^Oh- 4^^ t; 3 "S W -< ■> (h I' <^ ^ »C C'l lO CO X X X X o < ;:;ii_ii T* ?J lO ;>i X X X X M -M n ri •>! ~i^^5i : -ji J sjj : S " S ■ i ■" O X X -< •-H X •- thp: ("Ounty ok iii(;hi,a.\I). 27 '# i ^ ^ > O ^ in i • r fl ^- X 5v. =■ o ^ t> 2 o ^ s _ o s -•^ ^" X : a <» K ^- -'as •>-i y 60 o © K a P5 __P _ A 4^ iH p-l > ^ a ^ ->! -^ tT rr •V "^ ^ .l:^ X 'CC Cl, T— 1 f— « ^ O ilfi a:; S3.? 0; >t-5'^ >■ *;^ -%^% =^ 5 S '-S '.2 S£ rz: S^ 2 \j^ ^ . O CO ■X X ^ b 3c' S , ^ 2 "^ 'S - s -^ "^i -: '^l '^ o 3 %<^ rs -^ r; r; — '^ i ^ ^ £ § -^ 1) (B 5 is bc5 "So "5? X "T; i^ L S^_ ^ p^ ^ £i 1 'M -M ^ ?3 5y '.A X X X X X X o o o > o C' Oj <1> U C OJ =» ^ 0.; d ?S: -J 5 u r-H 03 t> 03 O a ^H si 0) :; d >: o - -d ^' o = fl T ^^ (-V1 m '.-* .^ r 3 5" 60 c O Pi P4 •1. iJ'iT- ■^ u a> ^ o r/' — y; pi^S <; i'~> "O LC ^o ^ CC' c/: X X ^- r^ C-l iC lO IC cs CO O 00 X X X I-: J< C X' CO s o o 5 -.- X rjn as ■■M 0-5 X X Ik OO -^ ^ 'M — X "x 28 THE HISTORY oF &0 -t; M -^ -fl^ <; 3 2 8^3 r- CB I-: fS; i-T »4 W ^ c ,-; 2 -H S2 o --T'So ."^ t, -^ Ji as w "S Oj — -^ 2 o r^ "X '^ «•■ -2^ o a; 0)^- o 5^ ^ tc 9S ' 0-5 Tj< -f -+ ■* UH .:C O O CO O ^ X CC 00 OD X 1— 1 I— 1 r-i r- rt O fM OC. 00 X o r— 1 ^H r-H « < ^^^^^ ) O P^ fa o OC -f '^ -^ ^ IC CO t^D CO CO X X X X X f* I & p^ THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 29 Proimt Marshah of Highland Coiuity. — William S(X)TT and Joseph K. Marley. Militavy County Committee during the War of the Rebellion. — \Vm. R. Smith, Ends Holmes, John H. Jolly and James H. Thompson, of Hillsboro; and Hp:nky L. Dickey, of Greenfield. Dnring the War of the Rebellion, under the act of Conaress authorizing a draft, J. K. Marley, of Hillsboro, O., was provost niai-shal; Georoe B. Gardner, of Hillsboro, O., commissioner; and Dr. David Noble, of Hillsboro, O., surgeon; and they, with E. J. Blount, clerk, constituted the board of enrollment from May, 1863, to April, 1865. The foregoing- abstract, taken frora the volume entitled: " Ohio and the War; her Statesmen, her Generals and Sol- diers," by AVhitelaw Reed, is believed to be true and accu- rate as to Highland county. If the names of any officers be omitted, it will not be for want of most diligent search on the part of the author, as to all those officers who participated in the late war; and if it should be thought by some persons that the names of the |)rivates ought also to have been inserted, the compiler would say that it w'as almost impossible to find the names and places of residence of the private soldiers of each com- pany ; and besides this, the insertion of their names, even if known, would make this work too voluminous for any practical purpose. Besides the foregoing regular enlistments on account of the war, there w^ere mustered into the service several other volunteer companies and regiments, for a short time, in de- fense of the city of Cincinnati, and the town of Ripley, <»n the Ohio river, which were tb.reatened by the danger of in- vasion from the (H)posite side of the river. There were what was called the " Eagle C*reek Expedi- tion;" the "Squirrel Hunters," enlisted in defense of Cin- cinnati; the enlistment of men for the "hundred day's ser- vice;" and the most noted of all was the regiment enlisted, armed and e(|uipped for the assistance of General Hop>son 30 THK HISTORY OF in pursuit of John Morxjan in his raid through the state of Ohio, This regiment united with General HoBSOx's comniand, and aetively participated in tiie battle with and capture of John Mor(;an and liis forces at Buffington's island, — and was there, after the battle, disbanded by Gen- eral HoiiSoN, with hiti'h coniplinients for its efticiency and bi-avery. Hio'hland county, from its organization, kept up and sus- tained its i-clat in the militia system of the state, so long as that system was practically enforced by the laws of the state. F)Ut as the practice of that system since the war has become uttei'ly dormant and inefficient, latterly the military spirit of the county, whicli is always irrepressible, has be- gun to develop itself in the organization of companies and regiments of infantry and cavalry, called the " Ohio Na- tional (juard." In this latter movement. Highland county has been j)rom|)t in its assistance, by the organization of one infantry company, called the " Noble fiightCjiuards," in honor of David Noiu.k, of Hillsboro, who by his generosity has contributed largely to its equipment; and by the organiza- tion of a cavalry company, called the "Scott Dragoons," in honor of William Scott, of Hillsboro, who has also lib- erally conti'ibuted to its equi])ment. Since the organization of the infantry (?om])any, I)t)ctor David Noble has been ])romoted to the office of colonel of the 13th regiment of Ohio National (Juards, and the follow- ing is the roster of said two com])anies: 13th Regiment Ohio National Giiarch. DoctDi- David iSor.Li:, of Hillslioro, ()., ((iloiicl. Noble Light Guards. .biiix Matthkws, (•a|)taiii. A. W. ]\b)VKR, 1st cor]). Ivou'r S. WoooKow, Isl liiiit. W. V. Woodkow, 2(1 cDip. B. H. Snii'i', 2(1 lieut. Joiix 'i\ Hrni:, ."Jd c()i|). C'liAs. A. l>Ai:i;v, 1st sergt. -loiiN A. Ki;i;d, Jr., 4tli coip. THK C'OrXTV OF HICHLAND. 31 W. C. Newkll, 2d sergt. W. H. Grkc*;, 'Ah cov]). CiiA.s. B. Ambrose, 8d sergt. J. W. Tudor, (ith corp. ,J()s. M. !S('iiOTT, 4tli sergt. Frank R. Glasscock, 7th ('()r[). R. T. HoiMiii, color sergt. W. G. Smith, 8th cor}). Privates. — C. H. Adams, Walter D. Ayres, Charles E. Ik-ll, Flint Rockhold, Augustus Harmau, B. F. Johnson, William A. Harman, Clarksoii Lytle, Nat. ^M. DeBruin, W. B. Hardacre, Frank S. Glenn, George W. Barrere, Albert Matthews, Fred .1. Picard, Jos. M. Hibben, Wm. Matthews, Louis Lazarus, Robert :M. Ditty, Will B. Barrere, Allen Strain, Frank Hoftenberger, Geo. S. Trimble, Chas. W. Woodrow, Thomas H. Langley, Geo. W. H. Roush, Edward L. Boardinan, Thos. R. Callahan, Har- ness V. Quinn, Edwin F. Garrett, James Boyd Herron, ('lar- ance M. Overman, John R. Sayler, (-harles H. Meek, Edwin Sloane, John R. Callahan, Albert Dryden, Ernest (Jopes, Cyius Newby, Rollin E. Harwood, (reorge H. Sanderson, Wm. Carson, Edward E. Holmes, Austin W. Devoss, T. Elwood Nelson. Scott Dragoons. Wm. Schwartz, ca]>tain. Wm. Lemox, 2d corp. Ei). E. Mi:leemx, 1st lieut. G. B. Brooksrank, od corj). Ez Stevenson, 2d lieut. Louis Wessell, 4th corp. J. C. Richards, 1st sergt. Emanuel Youncj, r)th corp. -Iosiah Stevenson, 2d sergt. R. G. Cooley, 6th coi-p. John L. Duckwall, 3d sergt. Wm, Cooper, 7th cor[). .Ias. R. Ferguson, 4th sergt. F. Evans, 8th corp. Louis Robinson, 5th sergt. Ed. S. Docgett, trumpeter. S. S. Bayi>ess, 1st corp. Ed. Wasson, 2d trumpeter. Privates. — John Arthur, Wm. Ballentine, T. B. Carlisle, Ed Cooper, Ed Colvin, Wm. C. Duckwall, H. C. Dogge'tt, A. P. Fawley, John HuiFenberger, Alvin Home, Leo Haymann, Rob'l -Jolly, A. E. Koch, Wm. Larkin, Jacob Merkle, das. Nordykc, Chris Paley, A. Schilley, H. Sdicinslx'rger, Amiel Smith. Thos. Templin, T. J. Wilkin. Some of the officers connected with tiie above companies are experienced military nn-n. having served in the. army during the Kelxdlion, pai'ticularly tin' C()h)nel ol" the Regi- 32 THE HISTORY OF iment, and W. C. Newell. Scott Dmyooii-'^: E. E. Mullinix, 1st lieut., and Ez Stevenson, 2d lieut. And the privates of the companies, being recruited from the best families of the county, are characterized for their gal- hmt bearing as citizen-soldiers, and in personnel, drill and ecjuipment are up to the highest standard of army regula- tions, and, in the oi)inion of their friends, on any field of battle, would earn and deserve the highest eclat for yaloi- and death-like daring in the fore-front of the fight. Highland County has contributed to the Civil Service of the State of Ohio: Executive Department. Allen Trimble, of Highland county, being speaker of the senate, became acting governor in the place of Gov. Brown, from January 3d, 1822, until January, 1823. Allen Trimble, elected governor in 1826, and served in 1('/(', presiding judge ; Richard Evans, «ronatiuin Berryman and John Davidson, associates. Before the re- moval of the seat of justice from Newmarket, during one term of the court, a man by the name of Joseph (^uillon was found guilty of a charge of theft, and was sentenced by the court to be fined, and imprisoned ten days; and for want of a jail, he was imprisoned in an unfinished well, with rails placed over it for security. THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 35 At the (Vtol)or term, 1808, at Hillsboro, the following judgment was entered : The State of Ohio ^ versm Francis Knott. "The prisoner was brought to the bar in custody of the jailor, "and being demanded l)y the judge if any objection he had why "judgment should not be pronounced against him, replied he had "none; whereupon it is considered by the court that he be whip- ' ' ped eleven stripes on his naked back — that he shall pay to John "Moore, the person from whom he took the money, ten dollars; ' ' that he be fined ten dollars ; also, that he pay the costs of this " prosecution, and that he be imprisoned until the judgment of " this court be complied with." The sentence of the court in this case was executed by tving Francis Knott to a beech tree on Short street, in Hills- boro, and by the infliction of the stripes on his naked back by Augustus Richards, sheriff. It is disputable in the minds of many, whether the above two mentioned cases of severe punishment do not contribute more towards nuiking law-abiding citizens than the present mode of punishment by confinement in the county jail for petty offenses. But be this as it may, there has never been a conviction in the county for a capital offense, and there never has been a case in which public sentiment demanded such conviction. At Hillsboro, Ohio, 1808, Court began and held. — Levin L. Belt, presiding judge ; Richard Evans, John Da- vidson and Jonathan Berryman, associates ; Allen Trimble, clerk ; Abraham J. WilliamH, prosecuting attorney ; Aiigu.s- tus Richards, sheriff. November Term, 1810. — John Thompso)i, presiding judge; Nathaniel Pope, John Boyd and Samuel Bell, associ- ates; James Daniels, prosecuting attorney; Augustus Rich- ards, sheriff. 36 THE HISTORY OF April Term, 1811. — Same judges and clerk; John W. Campbell, prosecuting attorney ; Samuel Harvey, sheriff. April Term, 1812. — Same judges and clerk; Levin L. Belt, prosecuting attorney ; Samuel Harvey, sheriff. April Term, 1813. — Same judges, clerk, and prosecut- ing attorney ; Wm. Curry, sheriff. April Term, 1814. — Same judges and clerk; Samuel Daniels, prosecuting attorney ; Wm. Curry, sheriff. April Term, 1815. — Same judges and clerk; W((de Luffborough, prosecuting attorney ; John Jones, sheriff'. March Term, 1816. — John Thompson, presiding judge; Nathaniel Pope, John Boyd and G. W. Barrcre, associates; Samuel Bell, appointed clerk ; Richard Collins, prosecuting attorney ; John Jones, sheriff. March Term, 1818. — John Thompson, presiding judge, John Boyd, G. W. Barrere, Iloses H. Gregg, associates; Richard Collins, prosecuting attorney ; John Jones, sheriff, and same clerk. March Term, 1819. — Same judges, clerk and prosecu- ting attorney; Joseph Dryden, sheriff. March Term, 1821. — Same judges and clerk; G. R. Fitzgercdd, prosecuting attorney ; Wdliam Wright, sheriff, and same clerk. October Term, 1822 — John Thompson, presiding judge ; John Boyd, Joseph Sivearingen and G. W. Barrere, associ- ates ; G. R. Fitzgerald, prosecuting attorney; William Wright, sheriff, and same clerk. October Term, 1823. — Same judges and clerk; Rich- ard Collins, prosecnting attorney; John ,/o?/r.s', sheriff, and same clerk, April TER^r, 1824. — Joshua Collett, presiding judge; same associates; G. R. Fitzgerald, ])rosecuting attorney; John Jones, sheriff, and same clerk. April Term, 1827. — Same judges, clerk and prosecuting attorney ; Amos Granthata, sheriff. THE COUNTY OF HIGPILAND. 37 March Term, 1829. — George J. Smith, presiding judge; John Boyd, G. W. Barrere and Joseph Swearingen, as.soci- ates; Samuel Bell, clerk; G. R. Fitzgerald, prosecuting attorney; Amos Grantham, sheriff. July Term, 1830. — -.Same presiding judge; John Boyd, Hoses Pdfferson and John Matthews, associates ; same clerk ; G. R. Fitzgerald, prosecuting attorney ; Amos Grantham, sheriff, July Term, 1831. — Same judges and clerk; John W. Price, prosecuting attorney ; David Miller, sheriff. April Term, 1833. — Same presiding judge ; Moses Patterson, John Matthews and Hugh Smart, associates; Samuel Bell, clerk ; Win. Scott, prosecuting attorney ; David Miller, sheriff. March Term, 1834. — John W. Price, presiding judge ; John Matthews, INIoses Patterson and Hugh Smart, associ- ates ; Samuel Bell, clerk ; Wm. Scott, prosecuting attorney; David Miller, sheriff'. April Term, 1835. — Same judges, clerk and prosecut- ing attorney ; Andrew Baskin, sheriff. July Term, 1836. — Same presiding judge; Moses Patterson, John Matthews, and P. D. LiUey, associates ; Samuel Bell, clerk ; same prosecuting attorney ; Andrew Baskin, sheriff. March Term, 1837. — Same presiding judge; R. D. Lilley, Wm. C. Scott and John Matthews, associates ; Sam- uel Bell, clerk; W. 0. Collins, prosecuting attorney; A. Baskin, sheriff. March Term, 1839. — Same judges, clerk and prosecu- ting attorney ; Benjamin Chaney, sheriff. March Term, 1841. — Owen T. Fishhack, presiding judge ; John Matthews, R. D. Lilley and Wm. C. Scott, associates ; Samuel Bell, clerk ; Dan Scott, prosecuting at- torney, and same sheriff. 88 THE HISTORY OF March Term, 1843. — Same judges, same clerk, aiul same prosecuting attorney ; Edward 8. Beeson, sheriif. April Term, 1844. — Owen T. Fishback, presiding judge; R. D. Lilley, Philip W. Spargur and John Eckiium, associates; S. Bell, clerk; Daniel Scott, prosecuting attorney ; Edward S. Beesbn, sheriff. April Term, 1847. — Same judges and clerk ; Hilas Irion, prosecuting attorney, and same sheriff. March Term, 1848,— ^George ColUngs, presiding judge ; R. D. Lilley, Philip W. Spargur and John Eckman, associ- ates ; S. Bell, clerk ; Daniel Scott, prosecuting attorney ; Thomas 8, Hhoades, sheriff. April Term, 1849. — Same judges and clerk ; JoJiii Tome, prosecuting attorney ; Dajvid Fen-wick, sheriff. April Tp^rm, 1850.— -Geo. CoUings, presiding judge ; P. W. Spargur, John Eckman and John Duvall, associates; Samuel Bell, clerk ; John Torrie, prosecuting attorney ; David Fenwick, sheriff. April Term, 1851. — Same presiding judge; John Du- vall, Thomafi Barry and N. N. Delaplane, associates ; Sam- uel Bell, clerk ; John Torrie, prosecuting attorney ; David Fenwick, sheriff. August Term, 1851. — 8hepherd T. Norrix, presiding judge; same associates, clerk and sheriff Under New Constitution. April Term, 1852. — John Ij. Green, presiding judge ; John W. Bell, clerk ; David Fenwick, sheriff. April Term, 1853. — Same judge and clerk; Joi((f Tei:m, 18rj8, — A. S. Dickci/, presiding judge; same jiroseeuting attorney ; G. F. Stephens, ehu'k ; Thomas H. Baskin, sheriff. Apuie Tp:rm,. 1859. — ^Same judge; Ben Flord^ clerk; John 31. Dorman, prosecuting attorney ; R. W. Sparg^ir, sheriff. Ben Flora, clerk, resigned, and W. H. WoodroV' appointed, and served until 1861. April Term, 1860. — B. 31. Bri(j()><, presiding judge ; John A. Trlinb(e, clerk; John M. Dorman, prosecuting at- torney ; R. W. S])argur, sheriff. April Term, 1861. — A. S. Dickey and 11. M. Briggs, judges; same clerk; ll'^ //. Irwin, prosecuting attorney; \l. W. Spargur, sheriff. ApPvIE Term, 1867. — Same judge and clerk; W. H. Ir- win, prosecuting attorney;. John B. Hays, sheriff. April Terai, 1868. — Same judge and clerk ; E. M. De- 15ruin, prosecuting attorney, and same sheriff'. April Term, 1869.-11%. H. Saffonl, judge; II. W. Spargur, clerk; E. M. DeBruin, prosecuting attorney; John B. Hays, sheriff, April Term, 1870. — Wm. H. Safford, judge; Johnston E. Jackaon, clerk; E. M. DeBruin, prosecuting attorney; John B. Hays, sheriff. April Term, 1871. — Same judge, clerk and ])rosecuting attorney; Oivy T. Pope, sheriff. April Term, 1^11.— Samuel F. Steel, judge; R. W. Spargur, clerk by a])pointment; E. M. DeBruin, prosecu- ting attorney ; Cary T. Pope, sheriff. April Term, 1873. — Same judge; Jesse K. Pirkerinc/, aj)])ointed clerk, and served the remainder of his term; same prosecuting attorney, and same sheriff'. January Term, 1874. — T. 3f. Orai/, j)residing judge; 40 THE HISTORY 01" R. T. Hough, clerk; Jas. 31. Dumenil, prosecuting attor- ney ; C. T. Pope, sheriiF. May Term, 1875. — Same judge, clerk and prosecuting attorney ; Win. C. NevjcK, sheriff. May Term, 1876. — John 31. Vanmefer, judge ; same clerk ; same prosecuting attorney, now in office ; same sher- iff, now in office. October Election, 1876. — Hon. S. F. Steel, re-elected and present judge; J. 31. Hughe y, elected clerk; Wm. J. Boyd, elected county surveyor. Probate Judges of Highland County, under the Constitution of 1851. Jonas E,. Emrie, elected in 1851, and served 3 years. A. G. Matthews, elected in 1854, and served 3 years. R. D. Lilley, elected in 1857, and served 3 years. A. G. Matthews, elected in 1860, and served 3 years. ■ Wm. M. Meek, elected in 1863, re-elected in 1866, and for a third term in 1869; served 9 years. J. C. Norton, elected in 1872, and re-elected in 1875, and judge now in office. County Auditors. By an act of" the general assembly, passed February 8th, 1820, the office of county auditor was created, and made elective by the general assembly of the state. In March, 1821, William Keys was elected by the legis- lature, and contiiuied in office by subsequent elections made by the people after the office became elective by them, un- til 1829. March 2d, 1829. — Jos. Woodrow succeeded him by J^op- ular election, and served until August 11th, 1832, when lie died, and was succeeded by Joshua Woodrow, Jr., by ap- pointment, who served until March, 1833. March 4th, 1833.— Matthew Waddell sncceeded him, and served by successive elections until 1839. THE COUNTV OF HlGHT.ANJ:). 41 March 4th, 1839. — Joshua Woodrow succoeded liim by election. March 1st, 1841. — Matthew AVaddell succeeded him, and continued in office 4 years. March 3d, 1845. — Samuel Johnson succeeded liini. March 1st, 1847.— Matthew Waddell succeeded him. March 5th, 1849. — William H. Woodrow succeeded him, and continued in office until March 5th, 1855. March 5th, 1855. — James Reece succeeded him. March 2d, 1857. — John A. Patterson succeeded him. March 7th, 1859. — James Reece succeeded him, and con- tinued in office until March, 1863. March 2d, 1863. — Joseph Morrow succeeded liini. March 5th, 1865. — Edwin Arthur succeeded him, and continued in office until March, 1869. March 1st, 1869. — Daniel Murphy succeeded him, and continued in office until November, 1873. November 10th, 1873. — Edward M. DeBruin succeeded him, and is the present incumbent. County Commissioners. No records of county commissioners prior to 1811 can be found, and from that period the names of county commis- sioners are noted as follows: 1811. — E. B. Smith, Jesse Baldwin and Morgan Yan- meter. 1,S12. — E. B. Smith, Jesse Baldwin and Moses Patt(n-son. 1S13. — Jesse Baldwin, Moses Patterson and John Mat- thews, Jr. 1814. — Moses Patterson, John Afatthews, Jr., and .Vmos Evans. 1815. — John ^latthews, Amos Evans and Jesse Baldwin. 1816. — Pleasant Arthur, Jesse Baldwin and Amos Evans. 1817. — Jesse Baldwin, Pleasant Arthur and Moses Pat- terson. 42 THE HISTORY OP ],S1unigarner, H. H. Redkey and Benjamin Cochran, 1868. — F. r. Jjinngarner, Jjenjamin Coehian and Samuel Russell. 44 THE HISTORY OF 1. Gardner, Emanuel Young, A. S. Glascock, Francis Reed, Wm. P^lliott and James F. Doggett, counculmen. Lynchbijrc! — John Torrie, mayor; John Q. Thom|)S()n, recorder; Perry Whitacre, marshal ; A. J. Ueniston, treas- urer; Wm. R. Gaddis, Sylvanus Puckett, Thomas Cashatt, A. J. Fields, Daniel Murphy and George Bisher, council- men. Greenfield — John Eckman, mayor ; .lohn M. Waddell, THE COUNTY OF H Hi II LAND. 47 clerk ; E. H. Miller, treasurer ; D. M. Harris, marshal ; A. B. Southward, James M. Murray, E. V. Pierson, M. A. Squires, H. C. Macler and E. Dines, couneilmen. Leesburg — David Kinzer, mayor ; M. H. Hutl', mar- shal ; C. L. Bennett, Wm. F. Holmes, John Griffith, W. L. Covan, J. T. Guthrie and Wm. Williamson, couneilmen. CHAPTER III. MISCKI.LANEOUS— THE BENCH, THE BAR, THE PULPIT, AXD THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. A LL these professions in the past liave been distingnish- ed, and at present are noted for niueh more than or- dinary mental ability, and learned skill, integrity, industry and fome in their several departments; and as the memories of all the departed have been })reserved by their several bi- ographies, elsewhere to be found, in the annals of each j)ro- fession, nothing more will be done in this sketeh than to re- cord the names of the present living members. The Bench. All the judges of the court of common ])leas who were residents of Highland county at the time of their several elections, to-wit : the Hon. J. Winston Price, Hon. Alfred S. Dickey, and the Hon. James Sloane, have in less than ten years past severally departed this life — in the prime of manhood, professional skill, and experience ; and as the mcMuories of their lives have been carefully preserved by the proceedings of the bar of record in said court of couimon pleas, nothing more will now be said than to add that no county in the state has lost in so short a time as much Ju(b'- cial ability as did Highland in the death of these three judges. The lion. Samuel F. Steel, a native of Tlillsboro, is the jiresent incumbent, and is now in the second term of his of- fice as judge of the court of common pleas, and has thus far achieved a judicial reputation equal to any of his j)redeces- sors, and his career leaves no doubt but that he will prove a l)rilliant ornament of the bench. THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 49 The Bar of Highland County. A. D. 1876. Hu.Lsi'.oKo. — Win. Scott, Nelson Barrere, Wra. O. Col- lins, J. J. McDowell, (\ H. Collins, Wni. M. Meek, J. H. Thompson, Albert G. Matthews, John A. Smith, ^Y. H. Trimble, Geo. B. Gardner, Jacob J. Pugsley, B. V. Pugs- ley, Henry A. Shepherd, R. T). Lilley, Jr., H. M. Huggins, E. L. Johnson, M. T. Nelson, E. M. DeBruin, Ulric Sloane, Kirby Smitii, Henry Rhoades, Jesse K. Pickering, R. T. Hough, L. S. Wright, R. M. Ditty, John Hyre, B. F. Bee- son, Cyrus Newby, Augustus Harmon, Carlisle Barrere, James Dumenil, Sam'l Scott, W. H. Soule, E. E. Holmes, Flint Rockhold. Greenfield. — Henry L. Dickey, W. H. Irwin, W. H. Eckman, H. L. Meek. Leesburg. — Ruel Beeson, Rob"t Elwood, (ieorge Hardy, H. L. Pavey, L. O. Guthrie, Sam'l Beard. Lynchburg. — John Torrie, B. F. Hathaway, Isma Troth, H. C. Dawson. New Petersburg. — Thomas KUk, E. A. Mosier. Belfast.— Thos. H. Baskcn. BuFORD. — Cary Matthews. Sinking Springs. — H. N. Easton. Note. — Joseph J. McDowell, departed this life Jan. 17, 1877. Ruel Beeson, departed this life in the year 1877. Thomas Ellis, departed this life in the year 1877. Di>and. 51 Christian Union — Marshall — P. P. Wolfe, pastor, Allensburg Shoemaker, pastor. Highland County — Benj. Clice, pastor. New Market — Shoemaker and Wolfe, pastors. Berrvville — Shoemaker and Wolfe, pastors. Catholic — Hillsboro, Greenfield and Leesburg — Michael ()T)on- ahue, parish priest. Methodist Episcopal — Hillsboro District — Jas. T. Bail, presiding elder. Hillsboro Station — Lncien Clark; succeeded l>y Rev. Thos. H. Pearne, D. D., the present pastor. Greenfield — Wm. I. Fee, pastor. New Lexington — G. W. Edgar, pastor. Leesburg — David Whitmer and J. C. Ambrose, pastors. Sinking Springs — J. R. Hunter, pastor. Lynchburg — J. M. Robinson, pastor. Buford — S. W. Edminson, pastor. Baptist — Hillsboro — J. W. Weatherby, pastor. Greenfield — Mr. Griswold, pastor. New Market — David Trickier, pastor. Protestant Episcopal — Hillsboro — W. T. Bowen, pastor. DUNKERS Hickson's meeting-house. Cowgill's Brush Creek African— Hillsboro Methodist Episcopal. Hillsboro Wesley. Hillsboro Baptist. Greenfield Methodist Episcopal. XJniversalist — Leesburg, Centerfield and Pricetown, 52 the history of German Reform — Mt. Zion and Danville — Mr. Winter, pastor. United Brethren — Ambrose and Sonner Chapels. Associate Reform — Fall Creek. I)lst'mg\(ii^hed members of the Pulpit ivho have departed //)/.s life, and who, during their lives, officiated in the Pulpit of Highland County, and many of u-hoin irere residents of the County. Methodist Church. — Rev. John Meek, John Collins, James Quinn, Greenburv R. Jones, James B. Findley, Isaac Quinn, Wm. I. Elsworth, Moses Smith, James Havens, George W. Maley, A. M. I.orain, George W. Walker, Wm. Simmons, Wm. H. Lauder, Isaac I. Beale, Isaac Eh- bert, Joseph M. Gatch, W. M. D. Ryan, Michael Marlay, Wm. B. Christie, and Allen T. Thompson. Presbyterian Church. — Rev. Nicholas Pittenger, Sam- uel Carothers, S. D. Blythe, Samuel Steele, J. W. Eastman, and Samuel Hibben. Distinguished Memhers of the Pulpit )iou- liriug, and iiafires of Highland (hu)di/. Rev. Joseph M. Trimble, (jeorge C. Crum, Samuel D. Carothers, and Stephen Merrill, now Bishoj) of the Metho- dist Church. Physicians of Highland County. IIiLLSMORo.— R. I). Lillcy, Sr., J. W. M. Quinn, S. J. Spees, Enos Holmes, David Noble, I). Callahan, W. W. Shepherd, P. H. Wever, W. R. Smith, R. C. Russ, H. S. Fullerton, B. F. Holmes, E. L. Reeves, F. M. Metz, Wm. THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 53 Huyt, J. L. Hill, C. Matthews, C. C. Hixson, J. Callahan, A. Evans, B. R. Shipp, and W. S. Patterson. Grkenfield. — S. F. Newcomer, J. L. Wilson, INlilton Dnnlap, W. W. Wilson, J. L. Wilson, Jr., W. F. Galbreth, and Frank \\'ilson. Leesburg. — M. Holmes, J. L. McGlaughlin, and John Holmes. New Lexington. — E. Judkins, J. M. Spears, and A. A. Pat ton. New Petersburg. — W. M. McCollum and R. A. Dwyer. Rainsborough. — J. P. Garrett, N. Troth and D. M. Mc- Bride. New Market. — H. Whistler, N. B. Van Winkle and D. M. Barrere. Marshall. — J. M. Miller and J. F. Blair. Belfast. — A, Rogers. North Union. — S. McNnlty. Sinking Springs. — C. H. Leighton and T. C. Rogers. Lynchburg. — I. Holmes, J. W. Pettijohn, J. R. Ful- ion, and T. D. Achor. Pricetown. — F. M. Drake. BuFORD. — A. S. Bryant, C. E. Lee, and Gaskins. Sicily. — John Shocky. Boston. — A. W. Devoss. Danville. — S. F, Chaney, Silas Chapman, and J. L. Vance. Moavrytown. — C. Hare. Taylorsville. — W. S. Moore. Sugar Tree Ridge. — Arthur Noble and A. S. Bunn. Fairfax. — C. J. Whitaker. Samantha. — F. M. Thomas. Russel's Station. — B. D. Granger and F. M. Grander. 54 THE HISTORY OF Disthu/nixJud PIii/sici((it!<, who have departed this life, and irlio, dtiriiif/ their lices, were extensively engaged in the practice of their profession: Dr. JasjKT Hand, Jolin Boyd, Allen H. Faquer, Jacob Kirby, Jas. (Conway, John Wood, C. C. Sams, R. P. Judkins, Wni. M. McCV)llam, T. H. Davis, Isaac Quinn, W. C. Mc-- Bride, M. C. Rnss, John Parke, John M. Johnson, Ziniri Hussey, W. W. Holmes, Michael Holmes, N. H. Hickson, Geo. W. Dun lap, \A\ W. Hardy, Jeptha Davis, and W. A. Shepherd. Banks and Bankers. First National Bank, Hilksboro — John A. Smith, president ; Benjamin Barrere, vice-president ; C. Barrere, cashier; John A. Smith, Wm. Scott, Nelson Barrere, L. S. Smith and Benjamin Barrere, directors. CiTiZENh' National Bank — J. C. Gregg, president ; Wm. St'ott, vice-president; C. M. Overman, cashier ; O. S. Price, assistant cashier; J. C. Gregg, Wm. Scott, J. J. Pugsley, D. Noble, Elias Overman, F. I. Bumgarner and John L. West, directors. Private Bankers of Hillsboro — Wm. Scott, Anna F. Evans & E. L. Paris, Dr. David Noble. Greenfield Bank — E. H. Miller, private banker. IjEESBUR(i Bank — H P. Johnson, president; M. Red- key, cashier; Stephen Hussev & Son, Charles Good & Son, E. M. Woodburry, E. P. Johnson, E. A. Lewis and E. Ar- thur, directors. THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 55 NAMES OF TOWNS AND VILLAGES. DATES OF ORIOIXAL PLATS AND NAMES OF OHKilNAl, I'UOl^KIETOKS. New Market, 1797. — H. Massie an*.] J<»,s. Kerr. Greenfield, 171)9. — Duncan McArthnr. HiLLSBORO, August 28, 1S07. — Benj. ElHcott. Leesburg, March, 1814. — James Johnson. Monroe, November, 1815. — David Reece. MiDDLETOWN, November, 1815. — (now Sinkino- Springs), Jacob Hiestand. New Lexington, Septenil)er, 1816. — John (V)nner. New Petersburg, July, 1817. — Peter Maver. New Leesburg, June, 1821. — S. McClure, A. Chalfont and C. Lupton. MowRY Town, May, 1829.— Sam'l Bell. Lynchburg, July, 1830. — iVndrew Smith and Coleman Betts. Rainsborough, October, 1830. — Geo. Rains. Centerfield, August, 1830. — John M. Coombs. Belfast, March, 1834. — Jas. Storer and Lancelott Brown. Buford, August, 1834. — Rob't Lindsley. Danville, April, 1835.— Dan'l P. March. Marshal, December, 1837, W. W. Head. DoDSONViLLE, April, 1839. — Dan'l Shafer and L. L. Cart- right. Allensburg, November, 1839. — Rob't Pugh and C. Henderson. Boston, March, 1840. — Ab'm Pennington and Noah Glas- cock. Sugar Tree Ridge, May, 1844. — John Bunn. Fairview, May, 1845. — Jonah Vanpclt. Fairfax, February, 1845. — B. F. Pullium. Samantha, July, 1845. — David Kinzer. Berryville, October, 1846. — Amos Sargent. Taylorsville, November, 1846. — Isaiah Roberts, Jr. 5(5 THE ttiSTORV OV Pricetown, April, 1847. — Elijah and Dan'l Faris, and A. Murphy. Sicily, June, 1848. — John N, Huggins. Fallsville, August, 1848. — J. W. Tiraberlake. Union Town, April, 1849. — Obediah Countryman. Russell's Station, September, 1853. — A. R. Butler. COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS. the hillsboeo academy. Some time during the year 1828, a number of the citizens of Hillsboro and vicinity, who were interested in the cause of education, formed themselves into an associa- tion under the name of the Hillsboro Academy, for the purpose of promoting the education of youth. During that year they raised money by subscription, and purchased in-lot No. 103, on Main street, now occupied by John A. Trimble, on which there stood a two-story frame building about 18 by 36 feet in size. On the 9th of February of the following year, 1829, they received a charter of incorporation from the legisla- ture of Ohio, in which the following persons were named as corporators, viz: William Keys, Jacob Kirby, Joshua Woodrow, Sr., Isaac Telfair, Allen Trimble, Andrew Barry, and John M. Nelson. These persons were authorized by the act, to serve as trustees of the corporation until the time designated for the regular annual election. The records of the corporation until February, 1843, have been mislaid. It is known, however, that (lovernor Allen Trimble was elected jiresidcnt at the first meeting of the board of trustees, and that he continued to occupy that position without interruption until April, 1854; when he was succeeded by Gen. Jos. J. McDowell. Gen. McDowell was succeeded in April, 18()(), by Samuel E. Hibbon, who still holds that position. Some of the first trustees having THE COUNTY OP HIGHLAND. 57 resigned, and some of them having died a.s early as 1835, Col, W. O. Collins was elected a member of the board and acted as its efficient secretary for many years ; and Dr. Jacob Kirby, Dr. C. C. Sams, Judge Thomas Barry, Judge R. D. Lilley, Sr., James M. Trind)Ie, and other prominent citizens, were also active members of the board for manv years. During the years 1827 to 1831, the building on Main street was occupied by the Rev. J. McD. Matthews as a high school. In the autumn of 1838, Jamas A. Nelson opened a high school for boys and girls in the academy building, assisted in the female department by Miss Ann Kemper of Walnut Hills. In 1836, the lot was deeded to .John A. Trimble; and in 1840 the building was removed to a vacant lot on the opposite side of the street, where Mr. Nelson continued to carry on the male department of his school during the next year. In 1842, the school was removed into the room on the corner of High and Beech streets, now the office of the Wood row House. Through the instrumentality of Governor Trimble the first board of trustees purchased at a nominal price two large surveys of land — one in the County of Fayette, of John Brown — and one in the County of Highland, of Adam Hoop, and after the ])ayment of all taxes, and the small amount of purchase money, and the quieting of the titles by the judgment of the courts, these two surveys of land, un- der the economical management of the original trustees and their successors, by the cautious sales of the same in lots to suit purchasers, furnished a large capital to the corporation. Out of the proceeds of the sale of these two surveys of land, the trustees j)urchased another lot of land on North High street, in Hillsboro, north of the railroad, and opposite Col. Collins' residence; and under the man- agement and direction of Col. W. O. Collins, erected and 58 THE HISTORY OF completed in 1845, a larg:;e and commodions two-story brick edifice, and placed it, for edncational i)nrposes, under the exclusive charge and management of Prof. Isaac Sams, who most successfully taught a school therein in every grade of mathematical, classical and English learning until 1851, when he resigned. It is here proper to record of Professor Sams that he is still living; and, although four score years of age, that still he is endowed with all his mental and physical powers as if he were of middle age; and moreover the grateful taste of the entire public judgment would not pardon the writer did he not add that Mr. Saras has nurtured as carefully and contributed as generously to the high scholarship, sound morality, and chaste religion of the population as any man that ever lived among us — in scholarship excelling all. Mr. Frederick Fuller succeeded Mr. Sams, and taught in the edifice on High street for some portion of the time until 1853, when, by a vote of the stockholders, it was placed under the charge of the board of education of Hills- boro Union Common Schools, who occupied it for common school purposes until, 1858, when it was destroyed by fire, which at the time was supposed to be caused by accident or neglect, but how the fire arose never was determined. In 1839, the Rev. Joseph McDowell Matthews pur- chased of Robert Jones one acre of land at the intersection of the Chillicothe and Marshall Road, wliere thev unite in making the eastern terminus of Main street, in Hillsboro, with the old Presbyterian church l)uildiug thereon, and in that buihling Mr. Matthews commenced a female school under the name of the Oakland Female Seminary, and with great success (iarried on his school until 1857, when he was elected president of the Hillsboro Female College, and took charge of that institution. In 1847, the trustees of the Hillsboro academy pur- chased the old building of Mr. Matthews, in which he was teaching, and in 1866 and 1867 the present new edifice THE COUNTY OP HIGHLAND. 59 was erected out of the inonev and capital of the stock- hol(U>rs of the HilLsboro academy, in which Miss Emilv Grand (iirard conducts her deservedly celebrated female school under the namq of the Hio-hland Institute. Miss Grand Girard commenced her school in 1857, in the old buildiniLj: from which Mr. Matthews removed when he was installed as i)resident of the Hillsboro Female CN)lleo:e ; and she has ever since her first commencement as a teacher progressed with admira])le skill in forwarding-, maintaining and expounding as matron and teacher, female education — equal, if not superior, to any t)ne of her sex in our State, and from which school there has been ushered into active life ninety-six graduates, also equal in preparation for the discharge of the duties of womanhood to any of their sex. During the time Mr. Matthews conducted the Oakland Female Seminary there were enrolled in his catalogue one hundred graduates, — many of whom are the mothers and grand-mothers of a posterity which is in every region of our vast country from the front line of human progress, and many of whom also to-day in middle age and old age are as thev have been with established characters from airl- hood, the zealous advocates and brave guardians of every high and pure undefiled religious type of womanhood, which fixes, defines and gilds the true outlines of all chaste society. As has been said of Mr. Sams, so must it be said of Mr. Matthews — it is apt to stop and record of him that for more than forty-five years he has been engaged in teaching females; and in founding Oakland Female Semi- nary, in 1839, he established the first female school in the State of Ohio, in which a thorough collegiate education was given to girls. About two hundred graduates have diplomas from Mr. Matthews; many bestowed by him as charities all well earned, and only given when a scholar had attained to the high standard of female education, which had been established bv him in his lono- successful career. Mr. 60 THE HISTORY OP Matthews is now more than three score years old, and lives retired on account of his very feeble health. He had the advantage in early life of the bestowment of a thorough classic education by Dr. Lewis Marshall, of Kentucky, and was trained for the pulpit as a preacher in the M. E. Church, and in this vocation was a shining light, until he was compelled to retire on account of his feeble health, more particularly on account of his weak voice; but notwithstanding these infirmities, through all the days of his life he has succeeded in contributing as much to the creation of a healthy, accurate, pure and elevated standard of learning for woman as any man of his age. THE HILLSBORO P'EMALE COLLEGE. The Hillsboro Female College was organized and es- tablished as a corporation, " for the purpose of promoting education, religion and morality among females, and for no other purpose," under the knvs of Ohio, by articles of in- corporation of the date of May 21, 1855, duly recorded in the office of the recorder of Highland county, Ohio, and signed by James H. Thompson, Jacob Sayler, John Dill, Wm. O.' Collins, J. I. Woodrow, J. R. Emrie, J. H. Mullinix, J. McD. Matthews, John Baskin, J. Milton Boyd and D. Fen wick, with a cajiital stock of $50,000, divided into shares of |25.00, with ten per cent, interest, payable aniuially in tuition if demanded, and with fifteen trustees, eight of whom are appointed by the Cincinnati Conference of the M. E. Church. The (College edifice, which together with the grounds and furniture cost about $50,000, was finished in_ 1857, and possession of it was formally given up to the Rev. Joseph McD, Matthews as president of the Collegiate and Literary De])artnients by the board of trustees of the corporation — who at that time consisted of the following members : James H. Thompson, president ; J. M. Boyd, Alex- THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 61 under Ikmtain, Joseph H. Mullinix, David Feuwick, Ed- ward Easton, Henry Turner, John Dill, Wm. M. Meek, Joseph McD. Matthews, Jacob Sayler and James J. Dry den. The above named pei'sons continued to be members of the board with the foljowing- changes, viz: T. B. Anderson substituted for D. Fenwick, which occurred in 1I.E(iE. James M. Trimble, of Hillsboro, O., mend)er of the board of trustees, appointed and sworn into office May 11, THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. ()3 1870, by Gov. Haves; May 11, 1872, re-appointed by Gov. Noves for six years, and continued in office as the active chairman of the land comniittee until his death, February 1st, A. D. 1874. COMMON SCHOOLS. The county from its earliest history has been char- acterized for the deep interest taken by all classes of her citizens in sustaining the common school system, and in conferring the advantages of education in the youth of both sexes, which are afforded by such schools, and inasmuch as a correct type of the system as substantially practiced throughout the county is exemplified in the published pamphlet of Mr. Henry S. Doggett, the present able super- intendent of the Common Schools of Hillsboro, entitled : "A Sketch of the Rise and Progress of the Common Schools of Hillsboro, Highland County, O.," such sketch, by the sanction of Mr. Doggett, is herewith published as appen- dix A. RAILROADS. A detailed history of the finished and unfinished rail- roads passing through the county, would not be read with interest by any class of persons, and therefore it is sufficient to say, that besides the length of the lines of finished rail- road of the H. & C. and M. & C, there are in progress of construction the S. J. & P. Narrow Gauge Railway, which passes through Greenfield, and the C. & M. Narrow Gauge Railway, Southern Division, which passes through Hillsboro, and that the prospect for the completion of Ijoth of these last mentioned railways is not only flattering, but in the opinion of their stockholders is assured by the energy which inspires the friends of the two projects. Officers of the Columbus and Maysville Railway Com- pany.— President, C. S. Bell. Directors, C. S. Bell, B. Barrere, John H. Jollcy and J. H. Richards, of Hillsboro; 64 THE HISTORY OF John Kibler, of White Oak ; Chambers Baird and A. King, of Ripley, O. Treasurer, E. L. Ferris; Secretary, Thomas Hibben; Engineer, H. J. Picard; Attorney, Jas. H. Thomp- son — all of Hillsboro. AGRICULTURE. As the cultivation of the soil which is adapted to the production of every variety of small grain, corn, tobacco, vegetables and fruits known in this latitude, and as the breeding and raising of horses, cattle, hogs, mules, sheep and poultry of every kind constitute almost tiie predom- inant and exclusive occupation of tlie population, it might be expected that space would be allowed for its full devel- opment, in j)roportion to the magnitude of the subject. This expectation is just, but on an examination of the agricultural and horticultural statistics published in previous pages, and other statements that will hereafter be made in the subsequent chapter, it will be admitted that it is suffi- cient for the ])resent to say, that the leading interests men- tioned have been most industriously promoted by all classes of citizens, and the best breeds of horses, cattle and hogs have been imported into the county by the more wealthy and enterprising farmers, and that to-day in quality and variety of blood of beast and fowl, or nutriment of grain, or richness of vegetables and fruit, it may be justly record- ed that our highlands are ecpial to any other portion of the state, of the same dimensions and area. From an early day there have existed organized stock and agricultural societies, the members and officers of which have annually had creditable exhibitions, and at this time there exists at (irreenheld such a society composed of citizen farmers of Highland, Ross and Fayette Counties, which holds annual fairs, attended by thousands of admiring and delighted sj)ectators. Recently there has been organized at Hillsboro " The Highland County Stock and Agricultural Society," which THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 65 has purchased the old fair i>;rounds and added thereto by subsequent purchase so much land that they now have a race track one half mile in length; and besides, outside and around are ample grounds for exhibition of stock, between which and the race track are situated the Floral Hall and all other necessary buildings for the accommodation of visit- ors and exhibitors, with never-failing wells of water, under- neath wide-spreading shade trees of oak and sugar. This society has had one very successful exhibition, and no doubt in the future will more than realize all the objects of its organization, under the management of its present efHcient officers, elected in 1877, viz: Gary T. Pope, president -, James Clark, vice-president ; Col. W. H. Glenn, treasurer ; Rob't R. Waddell, secretary. C. T. Pope, L. B. Boyd, T. P. Vance, James Clark, J. C. Quinn, Isaac Larkins, Col. W. H. Glenn, R. R. Waddell, F. J. Pickard, board of directors. NEWSPAPERS. THE HII.LSBORO GAZETTE. The "Hillsboro Gazette" was founded in the year 1818 by Moses Carothers. It was among the first county papers started in Ohio. In the spring of the year 1818, Carothers brought to Hillsboro an outfit for a small printing office. He opened out in an old building which stood on the lot now occupied by the residence of Mrs. J. M. Trimble. Carothers was a good practical printer, and had as assistants two young men named Simmons and Bereman. The latter was afterwards well known as Judge Bereman, of Wash- ington C. H. When Carothers announced his intention of publishing a paper in Hillsboro, the enterprise was encour- aged by the people of the town and neighboring country. Accordingly the first number of the paper was issued in the spring of 1818. This was an event of considerable import- ance, and an old citizen relates that the windows and doors 5 66 THE HISTORY OF of the office were crowded with persons anxious to see the operation of printing. The first " Gazette " was a small sheet, 10x18, printed on very coarse paper. It contained a few advertisements, no local news, and some items of nation- al and foreign news a month old. The press used in print- ing it was the old Ramage, and was so small that only half of one side of the little sheet could be printed at one im- pression. The ink was applied to the forms with small hand ink balls. The paper when printed was delivered to sub- scribers in town and country by carriers. Moses Carothers was a man of very considerable ability, and carried on the paper for about ten years after ho com- menced its publication. Since that time the " Gazette " has had many editors and proprietors, as will be seen by the list given at the close of this notice. Amid all these changes of proprietorship it has steadily grown in influence and pop- ularity, and to-day has a larger subscription list than at any previous period in its history. It may be mentioned that in 1852 the "Gazette" was for a short time published by J. R. Emrie, as a daily. During the remainder of the time it has been published as a weekly. PUBLISHERS OF THE GAZETTE. Moses Carothers— 1818 to 1828. Wm. H. Allen— 1828 to 1830. Wm. Keys- 1830 to 1832. Moses & Jacob Kirbv— 1832 to 1835. Jacob Kirby & Hirain Campbell— 1835 to 1839. J. R. Emrie <& Benj. (lumev— 1839 to 1841. W. H. C^ippe— 1841. J. R. Emrie— 1841 to 1848. AVm. H. IMorrow- 1848. Robt. R. Stevenson— 1848 to 1854. J. R. Emrie— 1854 to 1856. John G. Doren— 1856 to 1857. Jjogan & Seaman — 1857 to I860. H.'S. Doggett- 1860 to 1862. Sam. Pike— 1862 to 18()3. THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 67 Wm. H. Munnell— 1863 to 1865. Sam. Pike— 1865 to 1867. Malay & Marshall— 1867 to 1869. Marshall & Feagles— 1869 to 1872. J. C. Springer & Co.— 1872 to 1876. J. R. Marshall — present proprietor. HIGHLAND WEEKLY NEWS. The publication of "The Ohio News," a Whig weekly newspaper — subsequently changed to the Highland News — was commenced in Hillsboro, Ohio, April 21st, 1837, by James Brown, and was continued by him for nearly fifteen years, with the exception of one year, during which he leased the office to A. P. Russell, Esq. On the 1st of January, 1852, he sold the establishment to the Messrs. J. L. Board- man and J. C. D. Hanna, who conducted it for one year. Mr. Hanna then sold his interest to his partner, who has since been the sole publisher and proprietor. In 1854, upon the organization of the Republican party, the paper sup- ported its platform and candidates, and has ever since adhered to that party. On the 1st of January, 1878, Mr. E. L. Boardman, son of the senior editor, became associated in the management of the paper as local editor. The circulation of the paper has increased with the population and business of the town and county, until it has now a regular weekly issue of 1450 copies. The sheet has also been considerably enlarged and improved, and now is printed on a cylinder press. THE HIGHLAND CHIEF, At Greenfield, founded in 1865, is now owned and edited by R. R. Sprung, and is a newspaper of extensive and use- ful circulation in that part of this county, and also in the north-west part of Ross county; and in print and size of sheet, and in correct and manly editorials, is equal to any local paper in the southern part of Ohio. CHAPTER IV. SUMMARY. A T the organization of the county in 1805, according to the best estimate that can be made from the memories of our oldest inhabitants, there were not two thousand acres of cleared and tillable land in its boundaries, and all the remaining area was densely timbered swamp and rolling land of every variety and extraordinary growth of forest trees, ( including chestnut and hackberry, sycamore, gum, elm, hickory and walnut, beech, and every variety of oak, papaw, buckeye, wild cherry and wild cucumber ;* with all kinds of undergrowth, including dogwood, blackhaw, sassa- fras, redbud, crab apple, plum and persimmon, with tangled grape vines), which are known in the Virginia Military District. Now, just after the lapse of three score years and ten, when we l)ehold the colleges, churches, school houses, and other public improvements, the farms, orchards, private dwellings, etc., which have been exhibited in the two pre- ceding chapters as existing on the ground which was covered bv this dense forest, and instead of the fierce Shawnee, Wyandot and Miami Indians roaming over the county as their common hunting ground, and also remember the civilized population of thirty thousand or more souls now inhabiting the county, — we can but stop and in admiring ex- ultation exclaim, what an outburst of human energy and in- dustry is displayed on the territorial surface of our county. The surface is characterized in the first place by as many, if 'Note. — South of Newmarket, on the Kipley turnpike, there are two wilil cucumber trees, which resemble a ji;um tree in wood and leaf, and ])roduce wild cucumbers, which are of the shape and size of the pickle cucumber of the ;j;arden, and in olden times was put into whisky in order to make iieulthy tonic bitters. THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 69 not more, abuiulant and never failing streams of water, fnll of yellow bass and other fish, than any other connty in the state. On the east, this connty is bounded by main Paint creek, into which flows the main Rocky Fork, at the iron bridge of the M. and C. turnpike, about fourteen miles east of Hillsboro, and into which last stream flows -Punch- •eon, New Churn creek, Franklin's branch, and about nine miles from its mouth Clear creek, which has its source in Penn townshij), and flows through that township over the falls at Fallsville; and thence through Liberty township — then above the mouth of Clear creek, flows into Rocky Fork, on the south side, Carlisle's branch, and then two miles above the mouth of that branch, the little Rocky Fork and main Rocky Fork flow together — the branches of which two streams head in New Market and Union town- ships, and the main Rocky Fork flows through Liberty township, south of Hillsboro about two miles. There also flows into main Paint creek from the west, about four miles above the mouth of the Rocky Fork, Rattlesnake creek, and into which flows Fall creek, Harden's creek. Walnut creek and Lee's creek, which latter as well as Rattlesnake, which tumbles over the falls at East Monroe, about forty feet in height, have their sources in Fayette county, and flow through the townships of Fairfield, Madison, Penn and Paint, which are supplied with never-failing water by these several streams according to their flow in each. On the west flow\s the east fork of the Little Miami, and is in part the boundary of Dodson township, and flows through that township, and into which near Lynchburg flows Turtle creek, which rises in Union township with some small branches from New Market, and also into which flows, four miles below Lynchburg, Dodson creek, which rises in New Market towhship. Also, in the south-west the north fork of Whiteoak rises in Dodson, and flows through j)art of that township and Clay township ; and in the south, near New 70 THE HISTORY OF Market, the east fork of Whiteoak rises and flows through that township and Whiteoak township, and the two forks nnite near Sardinia. In the south-east, the main fork of Ohio Brush creek flows through Brush creek township about nine miles, and into Avhich flows the middle fork of Brush creek, w^hich rises in New Market and Concord townships, and flows through Washington and Jackson townships. If any person will take a half leaf of a sycamore tree to represent Paint and its sources, and a half leaf of a sugar tree to represent Brush creek and its sources, and a half leaf of an oak to represent Whiteoai^ and its sources, a half leaf of a shell bark hickory to represent the East Fork and its sources, and a leaf of a mulberry tree to represent the Rocky Fork and its sources, and place them all on a white sheet of paper with the half of each leaf directed towards Hillsboro, and the mulberry leaf as a center, then the stems of each half leaf with its fibers will make a very correct picture of the streams and their sources as they actually exist on the surface of the country. Although the average altitude of the county is more than six hundred feet above the Ohio Valley, yet all the streams above mentioned are constantly supplied by more than five thousand never- failing limestone springs, which burst out between the honey comb rock on hill and valley. There are several sulphur springs in the county, the largest just above Lynehburgh, which gurgles up through sand; one south of Hillsboro on the Rocky Fork, three in Marshall township, and several in Brush creek township ; and one of the most remarkable is what is called Sinking Springs, which bursts uj) with a large volume of water in the town of Sinking Springs — runs a few yards and then sinks into the caverns of the earth; and also there must be mentioned in this connection the springs at the caves on the Rocky Fork, twelve miles east of Hills- boro, which springs and caves are much resorted to by the curious and those who are fond of subterraneous explorations. THK COUNTY OF II I(J JI LA N J). 71 Oil all the streams mentioned there are black fertile bottom lands, of varied dimensions, which ex])and into j!;radiial high rolling lands and hill-tops, which constitute nine-tenths of the farms, on which are produced every variety of grass, grain, and fruit; and it will not detract from the general fertility of other parts of the county to say that the most extensive body of fertile lands is on Fall creek and is sources. On the sources of these streams, and on the surveyed routes of the old limestone road from Maysville, passing through West Union, Sinking Springs, Chillicothe to Zanes- ville; on the route of the old Anderson state road, from C^hillicothe, passing Avest through Highland, north of Hills- boro, three miles to Cincinnati, and on the old College town- shi]) state road from Athens through Chillicothe, Greenfield, Leesburg, Lexington, to Oxford in Butler county, Ohio, all of which roads were surveyed and established long before the organization of the county of Highland, and all in the last century, the earliest settlements were made in and around New Market and Greenfield, as early as 1802-3, and on Clear creek about 1804-5, and on some of the oth- er streams near these dates ; but upon inquiry it is found impossible to ascertain and classify the early settlement by family names or dates of settlement in any such order as would be at all certain or satisfactory, and therefore such dates must be left out of this general sketch, for want of that information, which has been solicited but not furnisii- ed. It would be inferable from the number of springs mentioned that the topography of the county is undulating, which is true, excejit that the south-western part on the waters of Whiteoak creek is swamp land. This swanij) land in latter years having been cleared out and ditched, is likely to become the most fertile part of the county. From the roof of the Female college at Hillsboro, in the distance for fourteen miles, can be seen the mountains of Brush creek, and noted among them can be seen Bell's 72 THE HISTORY OF hill, or "Slate hill," or "Ball knob" (as variously called), which is noted and described in the geological survey of Professors Locke and Orton. Intermediate all over the surface of three hundred square miles of land bounded by the horizon, can been seen by the glass, farms, orchards, barns, brick and frame dwell- ings, near the never-failing springs which cool the milk for man and slakes the thirst of beast. The county is subdivided into small farms, and in no county are there more freeholders in proportion to the popu- lation than in Highland; and they may be truly character- ized as a very industrious, economical and honest class of husband-men ; and their wives, as housekeepers, are noted for their chaste and cultivated attention to all the wants of the household, and for their assistance to their husbands in the frugal management and marketing of all surplus, which is afforded by the industry of Avoman. The national bloods of the inhabitants will be found to be accurately described in the address of the author de- livered on the 4th of July, and herewith printed, and he will only add to that description, that in the township of Whiteoak there is a French settlement or colony which is isolated, and observes and nurtures French tastes and habits. Moreover, it may be truly said that the people of the county are not a very homogeneous or convenient popula- tion — easily moulded by any class of opinions, but on tlie contrary there is as much individual independent order of man and woman, each of his or her own opinion, as is con- ducive to the healthful progress of society. In all the political party contests and elections for the last forty years, the county may be truly re])resented as poised on an equilibrium — wiiich has never IxK'n nuicli dis- turbed — frecjuently electing county officers of both parties by majorities in many instances of not a dozen votes, and in that time the parties have been nearly equally balanced in the state representation by alternate success. THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 73 Divided in religious opinions, and yet tolerant as to the faith and professions of each church — the Catholic and Pro- testant meet in the daily ^valks of life \yithout any ques- tion as to the religious faith of the citizen, Avhilst tlie quiet pure Quaker faith in an important part of the county pre- dominates and shapes the manners of the people, yet in all other parts every Protestant profession is exercised ^yithout comment, and the existence of the Catholic church, where members are indiscriminately mingled \vith all the families, is never spoken or thought of, other than as an American right, equal in purity to all other rights and religious faith. Although the people are of the blood which has been described, nevertheless as a large majority of the inhabitants emigrated from Virginia, and some from west Pennsylva- nia, the manners of the population are southern, and many chaste southern tastes and gallant ideas predominate, soften- ed and curbed, however, by the quiet and care-taking habits of the Pennsylvania Germans. There are in the county four incorporated villages and twenty-seven towns, and as the description and history of each of them would make this sketch too voluminous, the origin of each is found elsewhere; and it must, therefore, suffice to say of Greenfield and Hillsboro, the county seat of justice — 1st, A pamphlet entitled " Centennial Histor- ical Sketches of Greenfield and its Vicinity, to July 4th, 1876, by W. H. Irwin and S. D. Carothers," has been pul)- lished and extensively circulated, and reference is here made to the excellent matter of the pamphlet set forth in ])lain language as a full history of that part of the county, so far as the same is represented. Greenfield was laid out by Duncan McArtliur, in 1799, and is situated on the western shore of main Paint creek', and rises from the creek by gradual ascent to a plain; on which is located the larger part of the chaste and beautiful public ^edifices and private residences of an inland village, than which there is none in Ohio of better historic, religious 74 TPIE HISTORY OF and educational aspirations and fame, and Avhose population in wealth, enterprise, intelligence and all the graces of social life can not be excelled. In addition to the published matter contained in the pamphlet referred to, — it must be added to the history of Greenfield, that in 1877, the Murphy Temperance Reforma- tion in this county was first inaugurated by her citizens. This reformation thus inaugurated at Greenfield, was after- wards in May, 1877, extended to and zealously adopted at Hillsboro, and from these two villages have extended throughout the county, and at this time there are in the county over eleven thousand men, women and children who have signed the pledge, and the cause of temperance has been thereby strengthened and expanded far beyond the impulse of any previous movement. tW'l -^1 " WITH MALICE TOWARD NONE, AND CHARITY FOR ALL." (s'|^ I ^^ — ^^ I, the undersigned, do pledge my word and honor, to abstain from ALL Intoxicating Liquors as a beverage, and that I will, by all honorable means, encourage others to abstain. The foregoing j)rinted card is signed by each member, and a blue ribbon is attached to the clothes of each person THE COUNTY OF HICIILAND. 75 on the front left l)re;ist as a badge, and no other pU-dge is asked. Up to this time not ten per cent, of the signers abandoned the pledge, and the nniversal publie eonvietion is, that by the eifect of the Murphy movement and the Wo- men's Christian Temperance Union, springing out of the women's crusade, (hereafter to be described) the cause of total abstinence from the use of intoxicating liquors as a beverage, has become a stable tenet of living faith in Ameri- can morality and religion. Hillsboro, the county seat of justice, was surveyed and laid out and the original town plat was recorded on the "iSth day of August, A. I). 1S07. Since that time various ad- ditions have been made to the original town [)lat, corres- ponding in the main, in the breadth of streets, alleys and the area of lots to the original plat. The village has always been noted for its interest in the encouragement of all systems of education, and no population has excelled that of Hillsboro in the promotion of female education ; the result of which has been to estab- lish a high standard of refinement of both sexes, and an un- usual independent order of thought and action between them, as is evidenced by the tact that the women's t('m[)er- ance crusade had its birth in the village, and has already breathed its infant breath throughout Christendom. Books have been written, voluminous reports have been made, and elegant speeches have been uttered as to the minute de- tails of the origin of the woman's temperance crusade in Hillsboro, and most of them /are true in statement and in fact; but no where has pen ventured a description of the band— the cohort, the troupe. No! rather the apparition of seventy women in sable black arrayed, and in settled line of march, moving as when first seen on the streets of Hills- boro. It was a dark, cloudy, cold and still December day, no sun shining from above, no wind playing around, a little snow leisurely dropping down, and under the magic com- 76 THE HISTORY OF mand of their own leaders chosen on the instant at the hurried previous organization at the Presbyterian church, the procession moved with solemn steps as if each woman had been trained for that day's work from the cradle. "Not a drum was lieard, not a funeral note," and the poetic mind instantly hummed the ode of Charles Wolfe at the burial of Sir John Moore. Husbands saw their wives, sons and daughters, their mothers, and neigh- bors, their friends, moving along with the strange appari- tion, and knew not what it meant, until before some liquor saloon, or hotel, or drug store, you would hear the singing of some familiar hymn warble through the air in tones of the most touching note, and then solemn silence prevailing up and down street, the utterance of a soul stiring prayer made by some sister, with all others kneeling around on curb stone, or pavement, or door sill, could be heard as- cending to the Throne of God to avert the curse of intem- perance. No crowd of shouting boys followed, no cliques of consulting men on the street corners were gathered, every countryman halted his team in awe, no vociferous angry words were heard, and no officer commanded the peace — for it was death-like peace. Throughout the day, songs and prayers were heard at all places kept for the sale of liquors, and at night consultation was resumed at the church, from whence the "Phoenix-like body," springing from the ashes of the "funeral pyre" of woman's immolation, had emerg- ed in the morning, and there in making reports, prayer and singing in spirit as neve.r before was sung on Christmas Eve. " Ivinjr out the «j;rief that sa))s tlie mind, For tliose tliat here we see no more; Ring out the feud of ricii and poor, liwVfi in redress to all mankind." They remained until the moon in the last quarter light- ed their pathway to homes, whose inmates as spectators of the troupe when the first curtain was raised, stood around THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 77 the lieartli-stones in as iimch wonder as if a company of ce- lestial beings had on that day come down from the skies. Such is a dim outline of the first parade of the Women's Temperance Crusade at Hillsboro, and well may it be said of the "opening of the heavens" on that memoral)le day, that " He who made a decree for the rain and a way for the light- ning,'' will alone limit its effects on the nations of the earth. BAND OF CRUSADERS. The following are the names of the ladies published in "The Highland County News" in January, A. D. 1874, who constituted the band at that time ; and among the names are the seventy who first marched on the 24tli of Decem- ber, A. D. 1873. At the first meeting, Mrs. Eliza J. Thompson was unan- imously chosen president; Mrs. J. J. McDowell, vice-presi- dent; and Mrs. D. K. Fenner, secretary — all of Hillsboro. NAMES. A. Mrs. S. Anderson, R. R. Allen, Jas. Anderson, Sam'l Amen, C. Ayers, N. P. Ayers. B. Mrs. A. Bennett, J. M. Boyd, J. Brown, J. J. Brown, C. Brown, J. Bowles, Lizzie Brown, Wm. Barry, C. S. Bell, J. L. Boardman, C. Buckner, Theodore Brown, J. S. Black, W. P. Bernard, Thos. Barry, G. B. Beech- er, F. I. Bumgarner, Benj. Barrere, Mary Brown, Ju- lia Bentley, M. Bruce, J. Barrere, Mary E. Bowers. C. Mrs. F. E. Chaney, Benj. Conard, Ella Conard, T. S. Cowden, S. D. Clayton, S. W. Creed, Allen Cooper, C. H. Collins, W. 6. Collins, Col. Cook, Dr. Callahan. J). Mrs. L. Detwiler, W. Doggett, H. S. Doggett, Jas.W. Doggett, J. Doggett, E. Dill, Lavinia Dill. :E, Mrs. Evans, R. F. Evans, J. H. Ely, Ellafritz, Mrs. Doctor Ellis, S. A. Eckly. F, B. Foraker, Mrs. E. L. Ferris, M. Frost, Wm. Fergu- son, D. K. Fenner, N. Foraker. 78 THE HISTORY OP G. E. L. Grancl Girard, Geo. Glascock, J. Glascock, Hen- ry Glascock, R. Griffith, N. B. Gardner, Mrs. Grayham, Mrs. Col. Glenn, J. C. Gregg. H, Mrs. Doctor Holmes, Jas. Hogshead, Jno. Hogshead, Asa Haynes, T. G. Hoggard, Paul Harsha, Wm. Hoyt, A. S. Hinton. J. Mrs. J. Jones, L. Jones, Doctor Johnson, F. B. Jeans, J. W. Jolly, O. Jones. K, Mrs. Kirkpatrick, Doctor Kirby, Frank Kibber. L. S. Lyle, R. A. Linn, J. Langley. 31, Mrs. Thos. Miller, J. Manning, Mrs. Mather, Mrs. Dr. Matthews, Judge Meek, C. B. Miller, C. Miller, E. McFadden, Lewis McKibben, W. J. McSurely, J. McClure. N. Mrs. J. C. Norton, M. T. Nelson, J. F. Nelson. O. Chas. O'Harra. P. Mrs. J. W. Patterson, S. S. Pangburn, Q. T. Pope, J. K. Pickering, T. H. Parker, M. Perkins. H. Geo. Richards, Doctor Russ, J. C. Rittenhouse, Joseph Richards, Jas. Recce, Thomas Rodgers. S. Mrs. Eli Stafford, Doctor Smith, Doctor Sams, Hugh Swcaringen, Dr. W. W. Shepherd, John A. Smith, Ma- ry Sini])s<)n, ]\L"s. Strain, H. A. Stout, Miss Maria Stewart, Mrs. Dr. Speese, J. B. Shinn, E. G. Smith, Wm. Scott, Mrs. Shipp, Jacob Sayler, F. Shej)herd. T. Mrs. Col. Wm. H. Trimble, Eliza J. Thompson, Sarah Tucker, Anna Tucker. V, Mrs. Vauwinkle. W. Mrs. Chas. Wilson, John L. West. Z. Mrs. George Zink. The village has contributed freely to the erection of all churches of christian denominations, and now has ample ac- commodations for all church going people; and its colleges and district school house, and that of the colored })opulatiou also alford cipial educational accommodations for all pupils THE COUNTY OP HIGHLAND, 79 of all ages and both sexes, — irrespective of the religious ten- ets of the parents. No jieople of any part of the state, in proportion to population, have cultivated more correct taste for sacred and all other kind of music than the general circles of society of Hillsboro, none who aflbrd in church, or parlor, or hall, or street, or in field dis])lay, by choir or by band, better strains of music apt for the timB and occasion than are heard by any audience on demand. There arc several bands in various parts of the county, but as the one at Hillsboro, called the loth llegimental liand, of the Oiiio National Guards, is regarded as equal to many of the best in the state, it is just that the names of the meml)ers of it sliould be recorded. The Hillsboro Cornet ]>and was organized in March, 1873, under the leadership of Clark I^ytle, and remained the Hillsboro cornet band until may, 1878, when it became the 13th Regimental Band of the Ohio National Guards. Its present officers are Major Wm. Matthews, S. E. Ellis, leader and director. The members are S. E. Ellis, Nat. DeBruin, Sol. Frankle, Albert Matthews, Scott Holmes, II. E. Har- wood, James F. Doggett, Charles W. Woodr(jw, Walter Ayers, Charles Hutton, Charles Wilis, Wm. Wilis, Jolin Doggett, Wm. Harmon, E. T. Nelson, Edward Doggett, Geo. Raines, Charles Lilley, Edward Meek. Hillsboro has not been characterized by much liberality on the part of capital towards the building up of manufac- tories, and hence, although all manufactories existing are excellent in their several departments of trade, the controll- ing interests of the village are not absorbed or controlled by manufactories. The capitalists have been and are safe- keepers of money, her merchants have been and are safe bus- iness men and solvent, her mechanics well skilled and indus- trious. And her hotel-keepers have been and are hospit- al)le and afford all needed accommodations to their guest. At this time, December 1st, 187(3, there is much excite- 80 THE HISTORY OF ment and much apprehension on the part of some citizens, that on account of the near equal count in the college of electors as to the choice of the next President, and the ir- regularities charged to exist in certain states, that the deter- mination of the presidential election in the count of votes miglit result in civil war. Such fears should all be thrown to the wind ! Our sys- tem of government is so well balanced in all its co-ordin- ate powers and functions, that it will honestly execute and carry out the will of a majority of the people in such man- ner as the constitution has prescribed for the ascertainment of that will in this emergency, and the writer can only say, that his hope — aye, his belief is, that one hundred years from this time the same constitution in all its essential pro- visions will spread its benign influence over more, much more than one hundred millions of free people, and that each department of power under that constitution will move in its proper orbit and that as in the celestial system, the sun shines through day, the moon lights the darkness of night, and tlie stars keep their courses all created for man and never clash, just so will our Government, the breath of freedom from God to man at early morn, evening twilight through noon day and midnight, without any disturbance from the fiery comet of war throw around the persons of a nation of freeman for their protection and the enjoyment of "life, liberty and pursuit of happiness,'"' the mantle of silent, omnipresent, settled constitutional law. Tlie Centennial Fourth TJSr HILLSBORO. r/ie "Model Town' in a Blaze of Glory — Flags, Banners, Arches, Mottoes, and other Decorations — Procession, Oration, Music, Fireworks, etc. — Fine Display by the Fire Department — A Feast of Patriotism — 20,000 People Celebrate the Nation's Birthday — The Bells Ring out a Welcome — The Cannon Roars a Response. "HAIL COLUMBIA, HAPPY LiiND." The Fourth of July — the day of the centennial celebration of our independence as free and independent states — was ushered in at Hillsboro by the ringing of bells and firing a national salute at sun- rise. Thirteen guns were fired in honor of the original thirteen con- federated states of America, and all the bells of the town were rung for a period of fifteen minutes. The scene at this early hour of the morning was quite animated, indeed. Our town was decked out in grand holiday attire— the fine, large national flag over the court house, and the thousands of lesser ones on every building, fluttering in the breeze, in connection with the flying banners, the joyous shouts and greetings of the people who at that early hour thronged the streets, showing that the fire of oui- Revolutionary sires had not been quenched, but burned with patriotic ardor — all this, with the recollections of the glorious past, when liberty was proclaimed to the world by the incidents of Independence Hall and the signers of the Declaration of Independence, stirred the hearts of our people, and its events will long live in their i-emem- 6 82 THE HISTORY OF brances as the first grand centennial day of our glorious country. At an early hour the people from the country came pouring in- to our streets on horseback, in buggies, carriages and wagons in such numbers that the idea of getting them into one grand pro- cession was abandoned. By six o'clock numerous applications for entrance were made at the. Fair grounds, and shortly afterwards the gates were thrown open to accommodate the thousands seeking ac^mittance. By eight o'clock our streets were thronged with con- veyances and people, so that, as we have remarked, the marshals saw it would be impossible to get the immense crowds into one grand procession;, consequently the numerous cavalcades were urged to go direct to the Fair grounds, and the procession was af- terward made up of the civic societies, the military, bands, &c. The committee on decorations was very successful. In response to its request our citizens all decorated their residences and places of business, and we deem it justice to say that we never saw a town that presented so grand and beautiful an appearance as our town did on the occasion of our first centennial celebration. The two princi])al streets were spanned by two mammoth streamers each, on the north, south, east and west sides of which was in- scribed " Hillsboro Welcomes her Friends." On the reverse sides respectively were these mottoes; "This Day Hallowed to the Cause of Freedom," " Let this Day be Celebrated Forevermore," " The Fourth of July rang the Death-Knell of Despotism," "This Day Makes the Dividing Line between Tyranny and Freedom." Over the entrance to the Fair grounds was a fine evergreen arch decorated with flags, on which was inscribed this motto: " First in War, First in Peace, and First in the Hearts of His Country- men." Over the speaker's stand, with many beautiful decorations and flags, Avas this motto: "Keep the Memory of Independence Day Green Forever." By the hour of nine o'clock the largest portion of the vast crowd had arrived in town and at the Fair grounds. At the hour of half-past nine chief-marshal Wm. H. Glenn, with his assistants, C. T. Pope, Wm. C. Newell and John B. Hays, commenced the arduous task of forming the procession on the public square. After great labor they succeeded in getting the procession in line, which was one of the really fine features of the day. The order Avas as fi)llows : THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 83 1, Hillsboro Baud ; 2, carriage with orator of the day, historian, president of executive committee, seci-etary and mayor ; 3, Liber- ty Guards ; 4, Artillery ; 5, A. O. U. W.— Jas. M. Dumenil, marshal ; 6, carriage with president of the day, chaplain and reader; 7, Continentals, Brother Jonathan and carriages; 8, Lees- burg Band ; 9, Grangers — two divisions, Cynthiana Band in the centre — Dr. Holmes, marshal; 10, Mowrytown Band; 11, I. O. O. F. — Geo. B. Gardner, marshal; 12, Colored Band: 13, Col- ored Continentals ; 14, Log Cabin, Home of '76 ; 15, Chime of bells and mottoes ; IB, martial music — Hamer Tp.; decorated wagon with Sunday-school children, and a large concourse of pe- destrians. The line of march was as follows : north on High to Beech ; east on Beach to East; south on East to Walnut; west on Walnut to High ; north on High to ^lain ; west on Main to West ; north on West to John, and west on John to the Fair grounds. After the head of the procession had reached the sjieaker's stand its rear was on Main street at the corner of High — about a mile and a half in length — and contained from two to three thousand persons. At all the street corners and throughout its entire length it was viewed by great throngs of people with much apparent sat- isfaction. The procession was a fine one, and contained many pleasuig features. Prominent among these was the fine military display of the Continentals; of Brother Jonathan ; of the Libei'ty Guards ; the Highland organ display; the grangers ; the odd fel- lows ; the Log Cabin, Home of '76 ; the martial music; decorated wagon with twenty or thirty sunday-school children ; and last, but not least, the chime of bells. Mr. C. S. Bell, the well-known, enterprising and public-spirited proprietor of the Hillsboro Foundry, had one of the finest displays in the j)rocession, in the shape of a wagon enclosed on the sides and ends with white muslin, on each side of which was painted a handsome facsimile representation of the old liberty bell in Inde- pendence Hall, Philadelphia, with the motto, "Proclaim Liberty throughout the Land unto all the Inhabitants thereof." Inside the wagon were hanging eight gilt bells of difl^'erent tones, so ar- ranged as to form an octave in music, and by an ingenious arrange- ment of keys the l)ells were played upon and produced very good music as the procession moved along. Master Ed. Meek was the 84 THE HISTORY OF performer on this novel musical instrument, and played "The Last Rose of Summer," "America," " Home, Sweet Home," and other well-known and patriotic tunes. Another attractive feature of the precession was a miniature log- cabin, al)out five cr six feet square, mounted on a ])latform wagon and drawn hy two horses. It was the handiwork of Mr. C. B. Moore, and was a representation of the real log-cabin homes of the early pioneers, even to the old-fashioned Avell-sweep and gourd, the coon-skin stretched upon the side to dry, the leather latch- string of the door, the wood-sled in the yard, &c. To make the representation more complete, the yard was covered with real soil, stumps of felled trees, and surrounded with a rail fence. On one side of the wagon was the motto, "Sweet home one hundred years ago;" on the other " Ye homes of '76." On the rear end were the dates "177(3" and "1876," with a picture of clasping hands be- tween them. The patrons of husbandry made another novel feature in the fact that this was the only civic society that had women in the procession as members. In front of this society was a beautiful American flag made of the best English bunting, borne by Mr. Isaac Lemon ; and to its left w'as a very handsome banner tasteful- ly decorated with red, white and blue, carried by Mr. James Orr, with the inscription, " Hillsboro Grange, No. 145," on one side, and on the other, " Faith, Hope and Charity" — the latter symbol- istic of "Faith in God, Hope in Immortality, and Charity for all Mankind." The goodly number of heroic ladies of the Order, who, prompted by the reminiscences of woman's devotion to the cause of freedom in the persons of our Revolutionary mothers, to- gether with that universal, patriotic impulse which seemed to })er- meate every throbbing heart on this jjroud occasion of the grand centennial jubilee, was worthy of all praise. After the pr;)C'ession had reached its destination, and permission given by the grand marshal of the day, the Patrons were formally dismissed by their marshal, Dr. Enos Holmes, who, in behalf of the executive com- mitte and the citizens of Hillsboro, thanked them for their pres- ence, and especially the ladies of the Order — not only for their de- votion to the cause of human liberty, but also for their heroism in showing their fidelity to the Order. THE COUNTY OP HIGHLAND. 85 ORDER OF EXERCISES. At half-past eleven a. m. the vast multitude was called to order by C. S. Bell, (chairman of the executive committee, who read the proclamation of the president of the United States recommend- ing religious observances in conjunction with the festivities of the day. An appropriate prayer was then offered by Rev. J. W. Weatherby, pastor of the Baptist church, after which INIr. Bell an- nounced the officers of the day, to-wit: President, Dr. David No- ble; vice-presidents, Hon. J. M. Barrere and John A. Trimble, Esq.; secretaries, C. H. Collins, J. C. Springer, J. L. Boardman and C. C. Parks. Dr. David Noble, president of the day, was thereupon intro- duced to the audience and made the following eloquent opening- remarks and address of welcome : Ladies, Gentlemen; mid Fello^r Citizens: — I esteem it a very great honor to be called upon to jireside over so vast and respectable an assemblage of our ])eople here to-day. The compliment is greatly enhanced when I take into consideration the fact that I have been, reared on foreign soil, and am only a citizen among you by choice and adoption. Here permit me to say that all my sympathies are in accord with the spirit of our free institutions, and that all my capabili- ties, both mental and physical, would be exercised, if need be, in defending the honor and maintaining the integrity of our common country, no matter when, where, or by whom assailed. We have now met under the shade of these beautiful forest trees to celebrate, in such manner as we shall deem most ai)])roi)riate, the return of that day which one hundred years ago gave birth to this nation, and which proclaimed that great fundamental principle of free government that Iminan rigJits are of paramount importance to Innnan lavs, and a pledge and guaranty that they should ever remain invio- late in our system of national juris]>rudence. We do not meet to-day as Democrats or as Republicans, or as parti- sans of any political school, or as adherents of any particular sect or .creed, nor ff)r the i)urpose of advancing the claims of anj- political aspirant to position or place, or with the design of discussing any of the political issues of the hour, or to say what shall or sJudl not be the tinancial jiolicy of our (Government, or whether the dominant party shall adopt a soft or a hard financial basis; but we have met for a far higher, holier, nobler object — for the purjjose of laying our past dif- ferences, prejudices and i)redilections on the altar of our country, and renewing our covenant faith with each other and our allegiance to our government, and striking hands as brothers and i)raying the God of our fathers that we may be worthy to transmit to coming generations that heaven-ljorn boon of liberty which has been vouch- safed to us, and that peace and harmonj- may prevail among all our people, and that every heart may respond to that memorable senti- ment, "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inse})arable." When the Continental Congress met in 1776, however determined the colonists had been to resist oppression even unto death, the idea 86 THE HISTORY OF of independence had never been uttered. And here we may pause in ever-increasing wonder and admiration at the august assembly of brave and determined men, regarded as rebels and outlaws by the mother government — they staked their lives, their fortunes, their all, on a single cast of the die. But theirs was the bravery to dare and the ability to execute. All that could make the council- chamber dignified and sublime were congregated there. There was the proud and enlightened statesmanship of a Jefferson, the spartan firmness and courage of a Hancock, the impetuous zeal and burning eloquence of an Adams, the sound and philosophic views of a Frank- lin, to whose genius even the lightning of heaven itself yielded — all were there. It was a contest for principle, a .struggle for the very essence and soul of Liberty. The effects of the Declaration, who can tell? There it stands — it speaks for itself — like a Doric column, simple and unadorned, yet magnificent and sublime. Search all the records of the old or new world — in a word, ransack all the hoary registers of time, and can you find its equal? No. Among the triumphs of the 2)en it has no parallel; it is the ^lagna Charta of the rights and privileges of man. Guided by its princii)les and governed l)y its precepts, the bulwarks of a free gcivernment are impregnable. Its talented and illustrious author this day just half a century ago closed his memorable life. A halo of clustering honors surrounds his tomb. If Ave seek among the inscriptions that tell us of Britain's departed great, amid the aisles of Westminster Abbey, you will And no title so imposing as that which dignifies his epitaph — "The Author of the Declaration of Independence." What a glorious inheritance is ours — what blood-bought blessings and privileges do we enjoy to-day, and how incumbent upon us to transmit to posterity these free institutions as unsullied and untarn- ished as they have been handed down to us; so that as the sun in his diurnal course sheds his rays upon the earth, he will shine on no land more honored, more happy, more united or more free, than our own beloved country. Our nation in the pad is glorious in her proud achievements, in her great success, in her mighty progress, in her indomitable prowess— indeed, our history is so wonderful as to challenge the admiration of the world; our successes unparalleled and our advancement almost miraculous. Our present is full of every-day life work, developing new issues and interprises. Our futii re is filled with grand probabili- ties, the realization of which depends on our own and God's help. Let but the United States, in her rapid career, keeping ever as now in the vanguard of nations — let her press forward in the cause of freedom, of justice, of humanity, and beneath the broad folds of that bright banner will be gathered all nations of the earth. i/?/ Countri/mev — and I use that term in its broadest and best sense — we have gathered together on this grantl Gentennial year — on this, the natal day of American Independence, and with forty-three mil- lions of freemen, from the Adirondacks on the north to the Gulf on the south, from the rock-bound coast (jf the Atlantic to the golden sands of the Pacific, let there arise this day one long, loud, joyous Centennial shout of freedom, so that the listening nations of the despotic old world, catching the sound, and imitating (jur example, will, like us, resolve to be free. Fellow-citizens of Highland county, in the name and behalf of the good people of Hillsboro, I bid you, and every one present, a hearty, thrice heartv, welcome. THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 87 After the conclusion of the remarks of the president of the day- lie invited the vice-presidents selected by the different townships to take their seats upon the stand. The National hymn, "Amer- ica," was then sung, led by Mr. John R. Doggett, with an accom- plished choir of male and female singers, accompanied by the Hillsboro Band. The president of the day then announced the reading of the Declaration of Independence as the next thing in the order of exercises. The reader, he said, was a gentleman who required no inti-oduction at his hands ; he was known personally to nearly all in the county, and by reputation all over Southern Ohio, having served the people faithfully as a legislator in the State Senate ; and not only in that capacity, but in the many other im- portant public trusts which have been reposed in him by our citi- zens, he had performed every duty with credit to himself and honor to his constituents. Perhaps it was not generally known that he had performed the same service at yonder court-house just half a century ago; and when he read at that time (1826) these words, penned by the immortal Jefierson, "All men are cre- ated equal and endowed by the Creator with certain inalienable rights," his heart beat in unison with the sentiment, even at that early date, when the advocates of the doctrine Avere few — but now happily endorsed or acquiesced in by all. Hon. Samuel E. Hibben was then introduced to the audience as the reader of the Declaration of Independence. Mr. Hibben then stepped forward, leaning on his cane for sup- port, and spoke as follows : SPEECH OF HON, S. E. HIBBEN. Lndii'x (Old Gevtlnnfii, Friends, Nfiyhbors, and Felloiv Citizens, Young and Old: To your partiality, and by the invitation of your committee of arrangements, I am greatly indebted for the position I occupy this day. ^To read the Declaration made by our ancestors of the 4th of July, 1776, in the presence and hearing of those who are now the beneficiaries of that grand state paper, is always a service of pleas- ure and comfort to any one who has the honor and privelege of per- forming this duty. B'ut the present occasion makes it doiibly pleas- ing and heart-cheering to me. For many reasons I feel happy, after a lapse of fifty years, although feeble in bodily strength, by reason of having passed my three score and ten, yet still preserved in life, and now permitted to perform the same service I had the honor of doing in the presence of some of the old soldiers of the American 88 THE lilSTORY of Revolution and many patriotic citizens of Highland county, at the old court house, in Hillsboro, the very day when the author of the im- mortal declaration, together with his eloquent contemporary, gave up their lives, and ceased their labors forever among men. It would not be in accordance with the fitness of things, for the reader to turn orator of the day, but impelled by the inspiration of the hour, together with the flattering introduction I have just received from the eloquent lips and tongue of your distinguished president of the day, I cannot refrain from, at least, tendering him my devout thanks, as also to the committee of arrangements, commending their programme, so much in consonance with the spirit which animated the hearts of the fathers of 1776. 1st. The eloquent and well timed welcome tendered to the people by the honored president of the day. 2nd. The reading of the proclamation of the President of the United States, replete with good sense and patriotic sentiment. 3rd. Invoking the blessing of the Supreme Being upon those then and there assembled ; as well as upon our Land and Nation, remind- ing us of Him to whom our fathers appealed for the rectitude of their conduct, when giving publicity to the imi)erishable state paper which proclaimed three millions (jf i)eople free and independent at the peril of their Liven, Fortunes, and Sacred Honors. Reminding us also of the deep solemnity of the occasion, when the discussion ended upon the motion to adopt this Declaration, July 2, 1776, before the vote was taken, at the suggestion of Samuel Adams, seconded by John Adams, Rev. Mr. Duche, a minister of the Established Church, was invited to lead the Continental Congress in asking the direction of Infinite Wisdom in this, the time that "tried men's souls." The Man of God consented, and in the performance of his duty, is thus described by John Adams: "He ai)peared in his Pontificals with his clerk, and after reading the 35th Psalm, continued to read several prayers from the established form, and then struck out into an ex- temporary prayer, which filled the bosom of every one present, and a better ]>'rayer I never heard; and so well pronounced, in language eloquent aiid sublime." It seemed as if Heaven had ordained that Psalm to be read on that morning, and the sequel shows that the offer- ing was manifestly acce})ted and ai)proved. Thus we have followed in the footsteps of our illustrious predeces.sors, l)y the devout ac- knowledgment in our publii' assemblies, of the su|)erintending and overruling hand of Divine Providence, and here we are to-day, assembled by invitation of the " powers that be," for the purpose of celebrating the natal day — the Centennial Anniversary of our nation's birth. As the record of this day maybe read by our children, and children's children, allow me in conclusion to refer to some incidents connected with the adoption and signing of this document. The original report of the Committee of Five, Jefferson being chairman, was l)resented for ado})tion, it was subjected to a number of amendments, one of which was remarkable for its historic value. The words, " Free and Equal," as applied to all men, was in the original draft drawn by Jefferson; the word//YY', was on motion struck out, which afterwards laid the foundation for the continuance of the African Slave Trade for 20 years from the adoption of the Constitution of the United States. Had this stood as it was originally reported, Slavery would then and there have been abolished, and all the untold misery resulting from the system have been avoided. And, finally, I could not feel at liberty to close my remarks without reference to one of the most pleasing incidents and attractions of the day we celebrate. I allude -The county of highland. 89 to the chime of BclU exhibitetl in the procession by our largc-liearted and patriotic townsman, Capt. C. Bell, the founder of the Bdl foun- dry in this city. Tlie music from the bells gave new inspiration to every patriotic heart, and carried us back to the days when the great Hebrew Captain issued his immortal ukase to the redeemed captives from Egyi)tian bon«Uige and "proclaimed liberty through- out tiie land, to afl tiic inhabitants thereof." I now introduce you to my young friend, Mr. Edw. Sloan, who has kindly consented to read for me. Mr. Sloan then came forward and proceeded to read tlie im- mortal charter of liberty in excellent style. MiLsic by the bands. Song, "Star-Spangled Banner." Adjourned for dinner until two P. M. AFTERNOON EXERCISES, Music by the bands. Song, "A Thousand Years," sung in a very superior manner by Capt. Geo. B. Gardner ; chorus by the Glee Club. The president then introduced Hon. Henry L. Dickey, of Greenfield, the orator of the day. OR.\TION OF HON. H. L. DICKEY. Ladies and Gentleinen : — It is a dithcidt task to successfully rei)eat an old story, familiar to all, l)ut that which should have an abiding place in our minds, that which we should cherish, and which should be the foundation of education and character, cannot be too often repeated, nor too deeply im]iressed upon us. The story of the causes which led to the Declaration of Indei)endence by the fathers of our Repub- lic, and of the struggle which followed is familiar to all; but so, too, the story of the Cross is old ; yet who will say that i( shall not be re- membered, that itwhall not be often repeated and deeply impressed upon the mind, yea, made the very foundation of education and char- acter ; and who will say that close besiiring liberty, how much more would we revere the beau- tiful fal)ric of government they have transmitted us, and which it is our duty to hand down in its glory and purity to our posterity! Burdened l)y unjust taxation, galled and harrassed by the tortur- ing claims of an overgrown power, false in its pretenses, false in its acts, regardless of its promises and unfaithful to its pledges, they burst the bands that held them to such a government, and hazarded their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor for their freedom. The "Sons of Liberty" were organized, the stamp officers and THE COUNTY OF HIGHLANB. 91 revenue collectors were burnt in effigy everywhere. The populace seized and burned the stamps in New York; lawyers, doctors, mer- chants and business men entered into solemn comi)acts, refusing to use stamps or to import goods from Great Britain. Whips in the har- bor of Boston were boarded, duty-taxed tea tiirown into the ocean, and that whicli was designed as a means of extorting tribute from the colonies, became an ofTering of the "spirits of the vasty deep." A bill to "discontinue the landing and shipping of goods, wares and merciiandise at the town of Boston or within the harbor," was passed by parliament. This act was followed by another "for the better regulating of government in INIassachusetts bay," and this bj' another which banished offenders to Great Britain for trial. The proud and glittering arms of old England waved upon the colonial shores and felt themselves unconquerable. Thej^ scorned our thought of independence, and looiied from their haughty posi- tion in utter contempt upon our reljellious sjjirit. The militia began to collect, and military stores were i)rovided. To destroy these at Concord, the British (teneral. Gage, secretly dispatched a regiment, who on their way tired upon a party of militia at Lexington, where the first blood was spilled in the revolutionary war, and gave us, not only a i)roud position among the nations of the world — but liberty and those free institutions, which are the enduring foundation of our glory, prosperity, and increasing greatness, unparalleled in the annals of the world. The men of the continental congress, and of the continental army had faith in their cause — they felt that it was just. " Thrice is lie armed wlio hatli Ills quarrel just. And lie but naked, though locked up in steel, Who.se conscience with injustice is corrupted." Wonderful men! wonderful women! of the revolutionary period ! As we recede from the time in which they lived, and as the grand march of civilization and enteri)rise dashes new and startling lights upon us, shall we permit the glory of their fame and memory to become less? Or, as we enter upon the second century of our grand career, shall we neglect to celebrate the anniversary of our nation's birth, and recur to the sublime principles of civil and religious liberty with whicli we are lilessed ? The fathers of our republic have all passed away. They, whose every grave should be held a sacred spot by every American ; they, whose characters and lives stand a living monument, admireml)at ; thus offering and inviting the means by whicli wise and beneficent reforms are secured. In this clash of ideas the shock is often great. Our past one hundred years has seen many of them. Good. men sometimes despair; the nation seems reeling and ready to fall; the great white columns of liberty, justice, and equal rights seem rocking to and fro, ready to crumble into dust. But hark! The tread of ai-nis and the clash of steel is heard in the land; the THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 93 smoke of battle, tlic groans of tlyiug, the cries of iuournin<>-, and the shouts of victory, till full the air; the old world stands aghast, and with amazement beholds the terrific struggle of our republic. The storm is past, andlikethe purified atmosphere, healthier and firmer than T)efore, we stand unshaken and innndvablc upon the i)rinciples of our fathers, the Declaration of Independeniie, and all men bow in humble sub- mission ])efore the Mcujiut (Jhavta of our Unitetl Country. How nobly grand, how truly sublime in the contemplation of the citizen, is this happy result. Re-established and re-alRrmeil are the principles which shall endure while written constitutions last. No North, no South, can now be truly said, and discrimiiuitions cannot justly exist. Grasp- ing in our great arms llie shores of the two mighty oceans of the world, our broad expanse, reaching from the mountains of the far north to the plains of Mexico, with a constitution forbidding and prohibiting involuntary servitude except for crime, we have indeed reached the acme of human freedom, and stand in proud immensity, a world within ourselves. Mr. President: — This is a day wlien the fretful themes of politics are allowed to rest. We I'ise far above mere party cpiestion and par- ty pride. Home divisions and issues upon questions of policy are hushed, and side by side, and hand in hand, men and women of all creeds and parties, join in doing honor to the memory of those, who, 'one hundred years ag(j to-day, laid so broad and so deep the funda- mental doctrines of our giant. republic. They had their fears and doubts of the stability of their great work, and they uttered in un- mistakable language their warning. Washington, in his farewell address, said: " In contemplating the causes which may disturl > our union, it occurs as a matter of serious concern, that any ground should be furnished for characterizing parties by geographical discriminations." And again: "The spirit of encroachment tends to consolidate the powers of all departments in one ; and thus create, whatever the form of government, a real despotism." The first of the dangers here referred to was dissolution; the second, centralization. These were the two dangers equally fraught with evil, which like ill-starred demons, hovered from the beginning over our republic; antagonistic in their nature, yet each seeking with equal alacrity every opportunity to derange, agitate and destroy; and so wonderful in their nature seem these enemies of liberty, so cunning- ly devised their plans, that the failure of one might be seized u]ion by the other to advance its interests. Good men of all parties dreaded their existence. Frowns and threats from either, have wrenched from liberty many concessions, their efforts have often shaken the temple of freedom to its very foundation, and seemed ready to engulf in an unfathomable abyss the fair fabric of our union. The one, the bolder of the two, is, I think we may safely say, driven from the land forever. The struggle, though severe, long and bloody, as man)- a hard fought field attests, yet at last from the clash of arms and the smoke of bat- tle, triumphant rise the hosts of freedom, and dissolution is no more. But the other, more dangerous than ever before, still lives and seems more active ; its treacherous flatteries and its lust for power, its stealthy tread and fearful ambition, demand from you, ye sons of freedom, eternal vigilance. It comes not with the bold front of disso- lution, arrayed in the panoply of war, but slowly, silently, certainly, grasping within the ambitious clutch, little by little, from the noble edifice of constitutional government; until at last, like the great boa- 94 THE HISTORY OF constrictor, it will crush in its venomous coil the brightest hopes of the civilized world. Centralization is a living, a(^ting enemy, presenting itself in many forms and questionable shapes. It is wily and seductive, and I can but repeat the warning of Washington^that its tendency is to create " whatever the form of government, a real despotism ; it is the cus- tomary weapon by which free governments are destroyed." But I repeat, that if the people remain true to themselves and their institutions; if in the future as in the past, they shall continue to be the safe-guards of their own liberty, then M'ill centralization, the twin vampire upon the body politic, with dissolution, sleep with him the sleep of everlasting death, and tlien indeed will the full hopes of the sires of '7(i be realized; and our Union, like tlie Univer.se of God, harmonious forever, shall live as states and live as a Nation. Kes})ect for the recpiirement^! of tlie law, and obedience to its au- thority, as a matter of i)rin('iple, is one of the characteristics of the American people, and distinguishes them from the people of other nations, where fear is the source of obedience. To this fact, this edu- cation, do we largeh' owe our prosperity ; and if we shall but con- tinue it, what grandeur and increased power still await us. With the beautiful machinery of our government moving smoothly on, furnishing the finest fruits of the i'on([uests of liberty to its forty millions of people; its great lakes and mighty rivers bearing on theiu bosoms its conmierce and its trade ; the bewildering net-work of end- less railroads and telegraiihs, destroyilig distance, and binding us still more closely together as a i)eople ; with our grand forests, teeming soil and exhaustless resources — who can set boundary to our future ex- panse, or dream of the day our sun shall set ? The sneering predictions of the crowned heads of Europe have failed ; the great experiment of our fathers is an established reality, and to us the trust is given, to deliver with all its blessings and ex- cellence to those who succeed us. Let every true American gladly sustain his part in this great enter- prise of life, and join with the multitudes, from whom the music of our national hymns ascending, kiss the breezes of heaven and are wafted back, to echo through the verdant woods. " Great God, we thank thee for this home, This bounteous birtliland of tiie free ; Wliere wanderers from afar may come And breatlie the air of liberty. Stili may lier flowers untrammeled spring, Her harvest wave, lier cities rise. And yet wliile Time sliall fold his wing, Remain earth's loveliest paradise." HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE COUNTY. Mr. James H. Thompson, being introduced by the President, said : My duty on this occiasion is to do that which is of more permanent consequence to this vast assemblage of people than any other occur- rence that may transpire on this memoral)le day. The duty of a liistorian recording tiie traditions of the i)ast and the deeds of the gallant living is so delicate that I will not now do that which THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 95 might be expected from the programme to be dune. Time and taste ahke conspire to dictate that as every thing in the future to be done in connection with liistory would imply that it was done as of this day. I will ]iroceed to submit my plan for the obtention of the just history of this county. Mr. Thompson then read the following proclamation of the President of the United States : "Wherkas, a joint resolution of the Senate and Hou.se of Repre- sentatives was duly approved on the loth day of March last, which resolution is as follows: ' Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That it be tind is hereby recommended by the Senate and House of Representatives to the several States that they assemble in their several counties, or towns, in the approaching centennial anniversary of our National In- dependence, and that they cause to have delivered on such day an historical sketch of said county, or town, from its formation, and that a copy of said sketch may be filed in print or manuscript in the Clerk's office of said county, and an additional copy in print or manu- script be filed in the office of the Librarian of Congress, to the intent that a complete record may thus be obtained of tlie progress of our institutions during the first centennial of their existence; ' and "Whereas, It is deemed proper that such recommendation be brought to the notice and knowledge of the people of the United States, now, therefore, I, Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States, do here- by declare and make known the same, in the hope that the object of such resolution may meet the approval of the people of the United States, and that proper steps may be taken to carry the same into efTect. "Given under my hand, at the city of Washington, this 26th day of May, in the year of our Lord 1876, and of the independence of the United States the one hundredth. By the President, U. S. GRANT. "Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State." Then emphasizing the words in the resolution of Congre.ss, "to the intent that a complete record may thus be obtained of the pro- gress of our institutions during the first centennial of their exis- tence," offered the following report and resolutions : HiLL,SBORO, 0., July 4, 1876. In res})ectful obedience to the foregoing joint resobition of the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States and proc- lamation of the President of the 25th day of May, A. 1). 1876, the ])eople of Highland county, Ohio, having assemljled at Hillsboro, the seat of justice of their county, to celebrate the centennial birth of their national existence, and having by previous arrangements for such celebration, ap))ointe(l the undersigned to deliver on this day an historical sketch of said county, he begs leave to report that he finds in the brief space of time elapsing since his appointment, that he cannot, after much inquiry and research, present such historical sketch as would truly present the history of the county ; and there- 96 THE HISTORY OF lore, in justice to the i)opuIation, he asks the adoption of the following resolutions : 1st. That the following named persons of each township in said county, to-wit, P. N. \Mekerhani and Joseph W. Spargur, of Brush- creek; Henry Wilkins and John Miller, of Concord; James Brown and Henry Ruble, of Clay ; Tliomas Peale and Daniel Murphy, of Dodson ; Judge Wni. Morrow and Kuel Beeson, of Fairfield: Alex. Sanderson and Alex. Murjihy, i>f Hamer; George Gilmore and Abra- ham Hurst, of Jackson; Wni. H. (ilenn and Wm. H. AVoodrow, of Liberty; Thos. 'M. Boyd and Milton Dunlap, of Madison; C. G. Dick and John L. Hughes, of Marshall ; M. M. Barrere and Benj. Cochran, of New Market; I>. 3\1. ]^)urrett and Jesse Crawford, of Paint; Joseph Morrow, ICsq., and Albert Jt)hnson, of Penn ; David Workman and Calvin Stroup, of Salem ; James B. Herron and Samuel Russell, of Union ; Isaac Kibler and Josej)!! ( iaymon, of Whiteoak ; Thos Hig- gins and Sampson Reno, of Washington, l)e requested, 1)y the assist- ance of such otliers as they may call to their assistance, to furnish to the undersigned the historical facts which have characterized the organization and progress of their several townships, which, in their several opinions, might be of interest to the population of such town- ships. 2d. That on the receijjt of such report, that a meeting of said com- mittee and the undersigned be held, and that jointly they present such brief historical sketch of the said county as in their opinion would meet the foregoing resolution. ."id. That when said sketch is completed, if, in the opinion of all the county authorities, it ought to be published with this day's proceed- ings and furnished to the people at the expense of the county, that then the County Commissioners be requested to have said history {)ublished in such manner and form as to them may seem best. JAS. H. THOMPSON. Mr. Thompson then j)roceeded to say that he found it very difficult to ascertain all the legends connected with the first settle- ments of the county, and that so far as liis research had extended he found the settlements as various in their origin as were the streams and springs for which the county was characterized. However, tlie origin of such settlements may have been, neverthe- less, tlie Scotch-Irish and Irish blood intermingled, in some parts of the county, witli the Dutch or (Jerman blood, constitute more than nine-tenths of the pojjulation ; and that as song and poetry had always characterized tlie bloods of these nations, he did not think that any one ouglit to describe and fix by the permanent record of history the tastes and habits of such peoples, unless he Avas fully inspired by the music of the one or poetry of the other. Not claiming either of these gifts, and believing that united with the English or Anglo-Saxon bloods, that these races would finally control all the civilization and general policy of the world, he THE COUNTY OF HIGHI^ANI). 97 thought it was best to leave to such advisers as had been proposed the pevmaiieut history of the races, unless his fate might be that of Burn's imagination of banishment, when he wrote: "Farewell tu the mountains high covered with snow; Farewell to the straths and green vallej^s below; Farewell to the forest and wild-hanging woods; Farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods. My heart's in the Highlands, my heart is not here, My heart's in the Highlands, a-chasing the deer; Chasing the wild deer, and following the roe, My heart's in the Highlands, wherevei- I g(j." Col. Wm. O. Collins then moved that the report and resolutions as presented by Mr. Thompson should be adopted, and advocated their adoption with some very forcible and pertinent remarks; which motion was then seconded by Judge Samuel F. Steele, and sustained in a manner worthy the Judge's high reputation. And thereupon said report and resolutions were unanimously adopted by the meeting of the people. Music by the bands. Meeting adjourns to the court house squai-e to witness the ex- hibition of steam fire engines. DISPLAY OF FIRE DRPARTMENT AT THE COURT HOITSE SQUARE. Vast multitudes of people filled our streets to witness the dis- })lay of tlie fire department. At the appointed hour the fire company, in their gay uniforms, came to the cistern in front of the court house park in a rush from the engine-room with two hose-carriages surmounted with their ringing bells, the splendid steam fire-engine with its gaudy trappings and full head of steam and "whistle blowing, the firemen and engineer in their appropriate positions, followed by the efficient hook and ladder company, the members of which were also gaily uniformed ; and in a very short space of time they were all at their positions. Through a hundred feet of hose, water was thrown at a height of two hun- dred feet. All presented a very exciting and animated appear- ance to the thousands of people, many of whom had never wit- nessed an exhibition of the kind before. At the same time the hook and ladder company ascended the building of John A. Smith, and with their hose threw another stream to an equal height of 7 98 THE HISTORY OF the first. Tlie tbllowiiio- is a list of tlie officers and iihmi heloiitiinji- to the (litferent divisions: OFITCEHS. Captain. Lieutenant, President, Vice President, Secretary, Treat^iirer, K. Stevknson. M. Lemons. .1. M. Hies TAN I). John ^^o(^RE. Wm. Schw.vkt/. PeTEH BliOWN. HILLSfiORO STEAMEi; DIVISION. Jji rector,,]. B. Kowe. Engineer, S. Mahan. Stoker,. ]i)iis Wakhen. Jas. Bakek, C. S. Brown, Peter Brown, W. Donahue, D. Naylor, Hobt. I)i kfkv, Leo. Frankee, T. G. Hoocjard, B. Hammile, J. Koch, Sol. Knott, S. B. Lemon, J. ^5. Lyee, John Moore, VV. Mannino, Jos. Shott, F. K. 8hei>HERD, Jos. Woods, Jos. \N'est Eeeis Pence. RANCHER division. Director, 8. J. Lemon. Pipenien , Ed. Wright, Jos. Cosby, Jas. Ferotson, ('has. Cosby. J. S. Black, George Chaney, A. W. Downham, J. M. HiESTAND, Peter Hanlon, T. Hanaford, N. Jacobs, T. Roikjers, W. Woodrow, Ed. Young, M. Bfrke, F. Pkjard. PHlENIX DIVISION. JJirector, (). S. Le.mon. L. Fahandler, W. Hille, J. Stevenson, Wm. Schwartz, L. Richards, L. W^essel, Jos. Lemon, H. Shomber(ser. E. A. ZiLE. THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 99 DI-XOKATIONX. At tilis point we give below the decorations of l)usiiies>s houses and few private residences on High street, on the east and west sides, North to Wahiut, and on Main, on both sides from the Jefierson House to Kibler & Herrtin's hardware store, the business portion of the street. The bahmce of the town was decorated, generally, and many residences with remarkal)le good taste, of which our space will not permit us to go into detail. MAIN STREK-r. •Jefferson House, cedar arch, " 7B" in cedar; globe of flags; and about fifty flags of all sizes. Thos. North, gunsmith, and Jerry Fidler, wagon maker, iiad their shop decorated with flags. Jenkins & Wessel, butchers, cedar arch, " 177H" and " 1876" in red, white and blue, enclosed in cedar wreath. E. J. Vanniman, butter and egg store, about twenty flags. James Reece, Studebaker wagons, &c., twenty or thirty flags. J. R. C'luxton, organ maker, second story of Recce's building. Mr. Cluxton, assisted by ^Ir. Reece and son, had one of the hand- somest decorations of the day. At the coi-ner of Main and West streets, on a stjuare pedestal, sup))oi'ted by a column of cedar about six feet high, stood a full size figure of the (Joddess of Liberty with her shield, helmet and spear. The figure was draped in white, and was an excellent imitation of statuary. vStandiug in such a conspicuous position, it attracted great attention, and was universally and justly adnnred. C. S. Bell, Hillsboi-o foundry; a large flag and about fiftv smaller ones were displayed on Mr. Bell's building, and the front wa.s beautifully festooned with cedar, variegated with small flays. There were also wreaths of cedar, and a handsome shield, with the motto, "Lil)erty"in gilt letters, the whole making a verv handsome an comiice of his building, with festoons of cedar across the upper story, large cedar wreaths in each window and over the door. John Uhrig's saloon had about twenty flags and cedar festoons across the front ; lamjJ |)ost ornamented with cedar wreath and flags. Winegardner & Stoddard, gn^cers, had about twenty-five flags, festoons and wreath of cedar, with a star in the centei- and " TH" in gilt figures. IsiXiic Rlujdes, leather dealer, antl H. S. Fvans, grocer, occupy- ing the same building, had their front handsomely decorated with festoons and wreaths of cedar, and numerous flags of different sizes. Mr. Evans also had a cedar ai-ch over his door. 102 THE HISTORY OF Crossing the street, the row beginniug with Kihlei- & Heri-on's hardware store on the east, and including B. J. Harris's drv goods store on the west, made one of the handsomest displays of the day. Kibler & Herron had festoons of cedar across the front of their building, and stretched over the sidewalk; a festoon of red, white and blue muslin above their door, and about fifty flags, large and small. Smith's drug store also made a pretty display, similar in design to that of Kibler & Herron, with the addition of a cedar festoon and wreath over the d(Wi'. This store also had about fifty flags. Lytic & Son's dry goods store had a large flag over the side- walk, with cedar festoons and small flags on front of store. Miller & Son, grocers, and Richards & Bro., dry goods, made a very handsome joint decoration. They had a large flag over the sidewalk, wreaths and arches of cedar over doors and windows, with about one hundred small flags. Over Miller & Son's door was a large star of cedar on red, white and blue ground. Rich- ards & Bro. had their windows very prettily draped with red, white and blue muslin. B. J. Harris's dry goods store liad festoons of red, white and blue suspended from the cornice, cedar wreatiis and about seven ty- tivv flags of all sizes. In the windows were poi'traits of Lincoln and ( rrant. Misses Maddox ctSaggerty, millinery, had an ai'cb of cedar over the door, festoons of cedar mingled with red, white and blue, cedar wreaths, and about oni; hundred flags. Window decorated with red, white and blue silk. Walker tt Elliot, shoe dealers, had festoons of cedar in tiieir large show windows, profusely trimmed with flags; also, portraits of Washington and Martha Washington, wreathed with cedar. Two large flags were suspended over the front of the building. Seybert & Co., druggists, Smitli's new block, had a large flag over the front of their store, and some flfty or sixty small flags, cedar festoons over doors and windows, with wreaths and flags in windows. The upju'r stories of Smitli's new building has no oc- cupants, l)ut wei'c decorated with numerous small flags, and the whole building made a handsome appearance. THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 108 Tlie (Jitizen's Bunk had festoons of cedar ovei' its doors, varie- i»ated with small ttags. Amen, (ii'etii;- t^' Co., Liroccrs, had ahout tifty Haas on the front of tlu'ir store. Dr. Hoyt's office, second story, over Amen, (ireo*i- iS: ('o., was decorated with numerous Hags. >[. Calvert, dry goods dealei-, iiad ahout forty flags on the front of his store. Bee.son & Wright, law office, second .story, over Calvert's, dis- j)layed a picture of Washington, adorned with small Hags. W. T. Bower's confectionery and residence blo.ssomed all over with flags and patriotic emblems. A large flag was stretched across the street from his .store to the public square. Over the sidewalk was suspended a handsome " Liberty Bell," made of cedar, with "7H"in white figures. Wreaths and festoons adorned the front, intermingled with flags and Chinese lanterns of I'ed, white and blue. Altogether about one hundred and fifty flags were used in the decoration of his building, and the whole displav was one of the best in town. Mr. Jacob iSayler, jeweler and book-seller, had one of the pretti- est displays on west Main street. In the center of the building- hung a large cedar wreath, inclosing "76" in cedar figures. Fes- toons and wreaths of cedar, bedecked with flags to the nmnber of one hundred or more, completed the decorations. N, Rockhold & Son, hardw'are store, had festoons of cedar very tastefully arranged over their door, with " 1776" and " 1876" in wiiit(i figures inside two large cedai- w'reaths. They displayed about fifty flags. Henry Strain & Son, grocers, had festoons of cedar over the front of theii- building, a large cedar wreath over the door, encir- cling " 1776" in white figures, and about seventy-five flags. The handsome Strauss building was very beautifully decorated, and attracted great attention. The building is occupied by Strau.ss tt Feibel, clothiers, and L. Haymann&Co., liquor dealers, on the lower floor, and by Sloane & Smith, law office. Dr. Callahan, dentist, and Dr. Metz, in the second story. They all united in decorating the whole building. A large flag was suspended from the cornice, and about one hundred and fifty smaller flags were scattered over the front. Festoons of cedar covered the caps of 104 THK HISTORA' OF the second story windows, and cedar wreaths trimmed with col- ored paper hung below tlie windows. In the spaces between the windows was the motto in cedar, " Esto Ferpetua," and over the center window hung a large cedar wreath. A festoon of red, white and blue muslin, stretched gracefully across the whole front over the doors, completed the display. R. R. Waddell, jeweler, displayed about forty flags of various sizes, interminglefl with (;edar wreaths and festoons. The law office of Jas. H. Thompson and W. M. Meek, second story over \\"addeirs, had small Hags in theii- windows, and cedar wreath on front of building. John Bowles' bookstore made a very pi'etty display. Over the door and windows was the motto, " Liberty and Union," in gilt letters, iii the form of an arch, festooned with cedar ; there w^ere cedar arches, and a cedar wreath hung over the door, with "76" in the center. About fifty flags added to the effect of the display. In the windows were a pair of beautiful medallions, made entirely of natural flowers, the ground being white, with the figures " 1776" and "1876" in tlie center, the figures formed of red, white and blue flowers, '^riiis very pretty design w'as executed by Mrs. Fen- ner, Mrs. Shaw, and Miss A. Murphy, for the decoration of the Episcopal chui-cli at the centennial morning service. Chas. Utman, furniture store, and C. Kinkead, photographer, in second story of Utman's building, dis])layed about tw^enty-five flags, with cedar festoons across the front and above the dooi's and windows. Musi(" Hall building was luuxlsomely decorated. Spargur'Bros. , dry goods dealers, displayed festoons of cedar, and red, white and blue muslin over their doors. Scott & Roads, grocers, had fes- toons of cedar over their door, "1776" and "1876" in red and blue figures, and about fifty flags. The second stoxy, occupied by the Ellicott Hou.se, was tastefully decorated with numerous flags, a shield with the motto, "Liberty," in gilt letters, surrounded with cedar, and cedar festoons along the balcony and over the door. The Elllicolt House made a handsome show. It had a large flag over the sidewalk — motto in cedar in front of the building — " 1776" — Centennial — "1876;" cedar arch and portrait of Wash- ington over the ladies' entrance, and sign post decorated with numerous flags. About five hundred large and small flags were THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 105 U8ed ill the decoration oC tln' huiidinu-. The diniii^^-iootn vvit'^ also liandsoinely decorated with Hags, cechir, &v. Dr. Hohiies' otftee had " 177H"aiid " 1(S7(>" in cc(hir figures, fes- toons of cedar, and red, white and hhie niusHn, portrait of Wash- ington wreathed with cedar, and about twenty-four flags. The Grangers' supply house had a large flag over the sidewalk, cedar wreaths and festoons, a plow wreathed with cedar, a streamer portrait of Washington, and about fifty flags. Utnian, Jeans & Co.'s planing mill, near R. R. depot, had about fifty flags, large and small. Boyd's flour mill, two large flags. The R. R. depot was profusely decorated with hirge and small flags. J. S. Black's carriage factory on Walnut street, had festoons of cedar on the front, and flags above. James Clark's livery stable, Walnut street, was gay with flags and festoons of cedar. HIUH STREET. The decorations on High street were very handsome. In our account of them we embrace that portion included in the business part of the town, commencing at the Woodrow House, on the north-east corner of High and Beech street, and extending to Walnut street. S. E. Parker, landlord .of the Woodrow, had a very fine dis- play of flags, festoons and wreaths of evergreen, as well as a pic- ture of Washington bidding farewell to his generals, and another of AVilliam Penn's treaty with the Indians. A notable feature was the trimming of the fine shade-trees in front of the hotel with innumerable little flags, which, fluttering in the breeze among the the rich green leaves, made a picture very attractive to the eye. On the opposite corner stands the stately Masonic Temple. On its top floated a large American flag, and the second and third- story windows were decorated with a great many flags of diflerent sizes, besides wreaths and streamers. The corner room on the first floor, occupied by the Spargur Bros, as a dry goods store, was decorated with flags. The adjoining room, occupied by M. R. Orr's millinery establishment, was decorated superbly. In the large show-windows were evergreen wreaths in the shape of harps, 8 106 THE HISTORY OF stars and anchors set with beautiful flowers ; also the jiortrait of Washington, the motto, " E Plunhv,^ Unnni," all interspersed with about fifty flags, of which, altogether, Masonic Temple was decorated with over two hundred. John Bales' place of business was decorated with wreaths of evergreen and a motto of the same material, " Welcome to All," besides with about fifty flags. Bowman & Co.'s cigar store was decorated with flags, and the sign entwined with evergreens. The harness shop of Adam Krug was decorated with flags, an evergreen festoon over the door, and wreaths appropriately ar- ranged. The confectionery establishment of Rogers & Billingham was handsomely decorated with flags, festoons, wreaths, a star, anchor and cross, in evergreen, with the motto, " Peace," of the same material. Robert Ward decorated his place of business and residence witli fifty flags. Mrs. Aiuia Morrow, (hess-makcr, had a nice evergreen arch erected over the hall-door, with the figures " 76" mclosed therein, and the second-story windows, over John L. West's store, decor- ated with flags and evergreen wreaths, witli much good taste. .lohn L. West's store was decorated with flags. The gro('erv store of Miller & Quinn was decorated handsomely with flags, and overhanging the front roof were sj)lendid festoons of evergreen, while the second-story windows were decorated with flags, flower-baskets and wreatlis. This building i)resented a very attractive appearance, and the grocery store was the only place illuminated at night. The store of B. Chaney & Son, in the Trimble block, was tastefully decorated. The windows were draped with red, white and blue colors, over which hung the portrait of Washington, and a very fair picture of his monument erected in Washington City. Their dis))lay of flags was interspersed with wreaths of evergreen, and, taken altogether, were very fine. The queensware store of J. M. Hiestand, in the same building, was decorated with a large festoon of (>vergreen, in which was intertwined the red, white and blue, and Washington's likeness in the center. This, with numerous flags, made a tasteful display. THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. 107 The Gazette office, immediately over these stores, was decorated in a manner that was very generally admired. Among the rest (if its display was an old flag labeled, "That Banner One Hun- dred Years Old." The hall-door leading to Dr. Shipp's dental rooms, over Schilley's stoi-e, was decorated with an arch of evergreen, a cross-sword with "7H" in large tigures of evergreen. His windows had hand- some wreaths of evergreen, and a fine display of flags. Jacob Schilley's boot and shoe store was decorated with flags, a large wreath with "1776" in the center, a picture of General Washingtf>n, American eagle, and the motto, "Liberty Now and Forever." Hibben & Son's store was decorated with flags and streamers, and the windows draped with red, white and blue tastefully c*om- bined. J. Lazarus' clothing store was decorated with flags, cedar wreaths with stars attached, " 1776" and " 1876," with flags of all nations, and both stories had an ample supply of flags. James Brown's store was decorated with flags and Chinese lan- terns, the windows contained the portraits of Washington and Lincoln draped with cedar, and the second story, occupied by Mrs. Ferguson, was handsomely decorated with wreaths, stars and flags. Shaw & Ivianhard's hardware store was decorated with flags in both first and second stories. M. Free's clothing store wa.s appropriately decoi-ated w ith flags and a large cedar wreath. Asa Haynes & Co.'s store was decorated with flags and ever- greens, first and second stories. In the third story, the Odd Fel- low's Hall was decorated with flags and evergreens. The bank of Evans & Ferrife was decorated with flags, and the second story, occupied by C'has. H. Collins and Dr. A. Evans, was decorated with a grand array of flags, large and small. Mr. Collins, with his large display of flags, had a fine wreath with the figures "76;" also a Brazilian flag in honor of Dom Pedro's visit to this country. Specs & Barrere's drug store was decorated with flags, large and small, and evergreens, first and second stories. The HilLsboro National Bank was decorated with flags. The Hon. John A. Smith's grounds and dwelling were decox'ated 108 THE HISTORY OF handsomely with a fine arch of evergreens and small flags over the gateway, and the colnmns of the house with red, white and blue, and evergreens. The Lilley Block, occupied jointly by Wm. Swartz, grocer, and Frankel Bros., clothiers, was very tastefully decorated. On the windows of the second story, was suspended the full length of the building, festoons of cedar, and between the windows were circu- lar wreaths of evergreens, the center one larger than the others, and the figures, "76," inclosed. This wreath was a very hand- some one. The windows of the second story were decorated with many flags, as also the awning and windows of the first story. The top of the building was surmounted with a large American flag. The pictures of Washington and Lincoln also were sus- pended from the windows. Fred. Trosky's shoe shoji was decorated with flags, cedar wreaths, and also circular festoons around the windows, and a large lan- tern decorated with flags and })()rtraits of the Presidents. D. Koch's establishment was decorated with flags, festoons, arches, banners, &c., together with the motto, " Welcome," and made a handsome aj^pearance. P. C. Eckley's meat store was decorated with flags, &.c.; also, Washington's little hatchet, the picture of " Deacon Jones' Family at Prayer," and the figures " 1776." John Reckly's tin and stove store was decorated with flags and the figures "76" in cedar. Harsha & Son's marble works were decorated with flags, cedar wreaths and " 76." Carroll & AVright's carriage factory was decorated \\\t\\ flags, the figures " 76," banners of Washington's likeness and Liberty Bell. In the sectmd story were about fifty flags. Holmes & Son's furniture store was handsomely decorated with flags, pictures and evergreens. On the to]) of the building was a large cedar arcli with flags, and suspended under it was "76" in large figures. Below was a streaniei' of cedar, and over the third- story windows were wreaths with stars. Over the center window was a hatchet and a bunch of a cherry-tree with cherries; also two large shields. The second story was decorated similar to the third, with the tuldition of tlu' pictures of George and Mailha Washington in place of the shields, and the Liberty Bell; also TIIK COUNTY OF IirolIT-ANl). 1()9 ciirular wreaths between the second and third story windows. The lower story had flaus, and the l)nildini;- had si>veiitv-six in niunber. The Bailey block. oecn})ied by Frank Miller's feed store and M. E, Boysell's grocery, on the first floor, and by families in the upper stories, was decorated with flags and evergi-eens in a tasteful manner. On the southwest corner of High and Walnut is the splendid City Hall building, containing the Mayor's office, Council cham- ber, Pftst-offiee, station-house, &e. , which was decorated with a large number of flags — a hundred and over — and over the station- house entrance was a wreath with the motto, " Welcome." The Mattill corner, on the opposite side, was decorated with twenty-five flags. Mrs. Wright's residence was decorated with flags, wreaths of evergreen, and a portrait of Washington. The confectionery of Ellifritz & Eckley was handsomely dec- orated with evergreens and about fifty flags; also wreaths, and sign decorated handsomely. Dr. Noble's office wa.s decorated with flags, wreaths and festoons of evergreen, interspersed with one hundred flags, with a large American flag over the door. In the window, inclosed in a wreath was a beautiful flag with staff and cross enveloped in clouds, with moon and stars in the back ground. I'nderneath the following motto: "The AVarrior's Banner Takes Its Flight, To Greet the Warrior's Soul." Samuel Chaney's residence was tastefully decorated with flags. Mrs. Thoma.s' tailoring establishment and residence was quite handsomely decorated with wreaths and flags. Ellifritz & Son's woolen store was decked out in splendid style. An American flag constructed of fine worsted yarns of red, white and blue, was one of the attractions of the day. Mr. Cooley had his residence decorated with flags. Stevenson & Young had their clothing store decorated hand- somely. They had an arch of evergreens ovei- the top of the building, with flags, the figuns "7G" and picture of Washington between them, and the Liberty Bell hanging over. Thev als(» had erected on a Hag-staff a large American flag, and seventy-five small flags promiscuously displayed, making a line decoration. 110 THE HISTORY OF Jos. D. Maddox'?: saddle and harness shop was decorated with handsome wreatlis and festoons of cedar and flags. Jos. Yonng's ])ail)er shoj) was decorated with Hays and cedar wreaths. Tener & Zane's butcher shoj) was decorated with tlags and wreaths of evergreen. Selzer & Co.'s cigar and tobacco store was decorated with two dozen flags. J. C. Rittenhouse's boot and shoe stf)re and the Misses Murphy's dress making room, adjoining, were decorated handsomely ^vith wreaths and festoons of evergreen and about sixty flags. The room above, occupied by Matthews & Huggins, disjihiyed two fine American flags. One of the most beautifid and appropriate private residence dec- orations was that of Mr. James S. Trimble, which was erected on the lawn in front of his mother's residence. It consisted of a large frame-work eighteen feet high and fourteen long, containing the full length portraits of Washington and the Goddess of Liberty in full colors, each eight feet by four. Just over Washington and the Goddess of Liberty floated in a bed of roses, Mr. J. R,. Marshall's beautiful model of ' ' Old Ironsides," six feet long and four feet high, full rigged, and as she appeared in the days of her glory. In the right hand corner was a representation of Commerce, and in the left was Agriculture. Over this Avas a beautiful canopy of red, white and blue, set with gold stars — the whole surrounded by an immense arch of cedar, and decorated with one hundred flags and fifty hanging-baskets and pots of beautiful flowers ar- ranged as only Jim can do it. It presented one of the most beau- tiful and appropriate displays of the day. At night the whole decoration was brilliantly illuminated, and the grand display of fireworks gave a beautiful effect to the truly magnificent display. Jenkins & Wessel, butchers, displayed about twenty flags. James Nugent, saddler and harness maker, displayed saddle- blankets of a blue field, white stars and red border, besides numer- ous small flags. Dr. Wever's office-front was well sujiplied with flags and ever- greens. Mrs. A. Sams's residence ])resented a fine a))pearanee, gaily decked with flags, fhnvers, cedar and banners. THE COUNTY OF HKiHT.AND. Ill AT THE :\I. K. CHUKCII A beautiful Hag was raised at seven o'clock A. M. The pastor, Rev. L. Clark, made a brief atldress and prayer, and the choir sang several patriotic songs. The exercises concluded with prayer and benediction by Rev. Mr. Bail, presiding elder. The exercise's were witnessed by quite a number of spectators from both town and country. ST. mart's episcopal church Was beautifully decorated inside with flowers, evergreens and flags, arranged in the most tasteful manner by the ladies of tlic congregation. Appropriate religious services were held in the church at six o'clock A.M., and an address was dehvered by the pastor, Rev. W. T. Bowen. In compliment to his nativity the " Union Jack" of England was draped over the pulpit, its folds min- gled with those of the American flag. fireworks at night. Tlie tireworks at night were witnessed by several thousand per- sons of the town and country. The display commenced with the ascension of five fine balloons, three of them thirty feet in diame- ter. As the latter ascended heavenward and floated ott' to the east the welkin rang with the shouts of admiration of the specta- tors, which showed they highly appreciated what they saw. Afterwards, for a period of two hours, rockets and Roman candles were sent up, illuminating the sky with parti-colors of red, wdiite and blue. At the same time Saxon and vertical wheels were set revolving, emitting sparks and cok)rs of varied hues, while several handsome pieces, such as the Union Fountain, sent variegated sparks of fire rising upward and ]iarting in imitation of and con- trast with the real fountain of living water. Tlie display was magnificent, and reflected much credit upon the connnittee who had the same in charge. MtscKi.LANKors i\i.\'i"n;i;s. Tlie Continenttd (hiards made a soldierly appearance with their uniforms, a /ctc-siHiife of the continental soldiers of the Revolutionary War. Thev were armed with muskets. Their oflftcers were Frank 112 THE HISTORY OF Kibler, ('ai)!;!!!!; I\. S. Woodrow, First Lieutenant; Clark Lvtle, Second Fjieutenant; J. W. Mt-Caddon, Orderly ^Sel•JJ:eant ; C. H. Meek, Wni. Harnian, T. K. Callahan, Sergeants; Pike Gore, color hearer, and dressed as Brother Jonathan. Besides tlie officers the company numbered four iiuisicians and eighty privates. Our space is too limited to give the names. The liberty Guards were a military company composed of boys from twelve to sixteen years of age. Their uniforms were greeu and red; the hate cocked, with stars and figures of "76" of tin. They were armed with tin spears, and the officers carried swords. The com[)any was commanded by Major Ed. MuUenix, of our police force, and had been drilled two weeks, in which time they became perfect under their conmiander's efficient management. The other officers were as follows; John A. Collins, Charles Lil- ley, Lieutenants; Charles Allen, John Bell, Sergeants; Frank Sayler, color bearer. We are com})elled to omit the names of the pi-ivates for want of space. The Colored Continentals also made a fine display. The names of its officers were not handed to us, and we therefore omit them for the want of time to hunt them up and space to print anything more than the list of officers, if we knew them. The display in the procession of the Highland organ, with the performers dressed in fantastic material composed of national flags, was novel, and attracted a great deal of attention. The Hamer township delegation, headed with martial music, and its decoi-ated wagon filled with happy-faeed Sunday-school children, and the numerous vehicles in the procession, was the only township procession that came to the celebration. It was a very creditable attiiir, and was marshaled by Dr. ClKipman. Was a charming one, though wnrni. The clouds overcast tJie sky the greater part of the day, thus breaking the effect, to some extent, of the ()p])ressive heat of the sun's rays, and making the tein- {)erature e(juable and enjoj'^able. While the rain threatened at in- tervals during the day, there was not enough rain-fall to interfere with the ceremonies of the day or of ite enjoyment. THE COUNTY OF HIGHLAND. I 1 .> TIIK CROWD AND OOOD HUMOIl. The crowd was iiuincnsely larger by far than ever before wit- lU'ssed ill our town. All day long it was in the liest of good liiniior with itself and all the rest of mankind. Twenty thouand people is a moderate estimate of the numbers present during the festivities of the day. The Fair Grounds, an area of twenty acres, was fairly crowded with people and vehicles. At no time during the day were there less than four to five thousand people on the streets, and it is safe to say that had all who came to town that day attempted to gain access to the Fair Grounds witli their vehicles, that they would have fiiiled by many thouands, the crowd was so large. INCIDENTS. There were many pleasant incidents during tlie day, and but one sad one to mar its pleasure, and that was the takiiig-off of Es(]uire Haigh, suddenly, by bleeding of the lungs. He came with his family to enjoy the Centennial celebration of our inde- pendence, and surrounded on all hands by great multitudes in the t()})most bent of enjoyment and i)leasure, was thus cpiickly stricken down by the icy hand of death. There were no accidents, although many were reported on tlie grounds. A SUCCESS. The celebration was a grand success in every particular, and in almost every detail. The Executive Committee and the Sub-Com- mittees all deserve the highest encomiums of praise for their great efficiency, and the successful manner in which they discharged the duties which devolved upon them. The Grand Marshal and his able assistants also deserve honorable mention for the manner in which they acquitted themselves. Altogether the day was a proud one, and will long be remembered. ORIGINAL ODE. The beautiful Centennial Ode, written by Miss Mary O'Doiiog- hue, i)ublished in the Gazette of last week, was not read, it not having been received in time by the Executive Ccmnnittee to change. the programme for its reading. The Committee, however, address- 9 114 THE HISTORY OF ed a note to the fair authoress makmg an explaiiatit)ii of the mat- ter and thanking her heartily for the admirahle poem, whicli it would have given them pleasure to incorporate into the program- me of exercises of the day. ORIGINAL ODE, BY MARY O DONOGHUK. Now lieai- the loud artillery saluting willing ears, Rejoicing with the people our glad one hundred years- Awaking all the echoes from the mountains to the sea And singing, as the thunder sings, " One Hundred Years — We're Free !" Behold in the horizon, from the portals of the east. Before the dawning sun she comes— the goddess of our fekst : As fair as sweet Aurora, as proud as noble Mars, And bearing in her trusty hand the gallant Stripes and Stars. Yes, Liberty approaches in the fullness of her prime ; The helmet-crown upon lier curling locks of gold doth shine; Majestic strength lier dower. Repose and winning gract' And loveliness are mirrored in the outlines of her face. Nor comes she unattended through the richly-tinted sky. Tlie olive- wreatlied maiden, Peace, her good right hand is nigh, And War, the glorious victor, by lance and rifle cleft, Stalks with a proud submission to the concjuering vestal's left. ' A million cheers for Liberty !" with glad, exultant shout, F'roni all om- happy boi'ders now the ringing cry goes out, From north and south, from east and west, from forest, mount and sea, ' A million cheers and welcoming songs, dear Liberty, for thee !" She speaks: " I come responsive to your loving, heart-rull i-all, And peace and benediction shower blessing-like on all. And O, ray favored people, on this bright auspicious day I have with praise and thankfulness a cheering word to say. ' Long since, ere Time was hoary, in the far, receding years, , When earth, a new and radiant thing, founed the words I say, And plant them In your memories deep this fair centennial day ; Be always just and fearless, for I cannf)t tolerate Unhallowed prejudices and malignant, groveling hate. ' To the stranger be as brothers, be ye helpers to the weak. And train your tongues in truthtulness and manliness to sjieak; Resist the false oppressor, all tyrannies withstand, Nor let dishonor's shadow thwart this highly favored land. ' For I would have ye models— Nol)le, upright, brave and pure ; No Inst of gold or sordidness can liiberty endure. In your young strength be merciful, in council firm and wise. And over petty rivalries as victors proud arise. 'Dissensions do not foster, divisions give no roof; From narrow sectionalities most wisely stand aloof. In public trusts be faithful, in private life unstained. And then in strictest justice may ye freedom's hosts be named. ' Let the loud cannon utter the hoarse greeting of its song ; Let all the bells in unison their melodies prolong; Let clouds of star-lit banners illume the wooing air, And all my happy people in this grand ovation share. ' And when in future ages future million shall unite To celebrate this natal-day of Liberty and Right ; When the records of our progress both the poles will rush to show. And science strive to lift the veil from truths the present may not know When lands and other islands still have sought our sheltering wing. And of the second century of freedom's i-eign they sing, Then I, as judge and arbiter, presiding then and there. Will call up thrilling memories of this First Centennial Year." Filial lleetiiio' of the Foiirtli of -Inlv Executive foiiiiiiittee. General Committee met, pursuant to adjournment. The rej)orts of (lifFerent sitb-connuittees 1)eino; heard, the accounts audited and claims allowed, H. S. Do^gett moved that all the stream- ers, Hags and other property belonging to the Committee on Decora- tions be placed in the hands of C. S. Bell, for i)ublic use, and that the unsettled claims and vouchers be placed in the hands of a Committee consisting of C. S. Bell, Dr. Noble, C. H. Collins and Joint Mathews, for final adjustment, which was carried unanimously. THE CorNTV OF HIGHLAND. 117 Dr. Noble asked leave to make a few remarks preparatory to mak- ing a motion. He said that the work of the Executive Committee had been comparatively easy, owing to the efficient and satisfactory manner in which the various sub-committees had performed their respective duties. Indeed, everything had been done so promptly and in such good order, that he (Dr. N.) felt like thanking everybody. He did not wish to make any invidious distinctions where all did so well, but duties were performed by some persons which, from their very nature and character, could only be appreciated by the few who had been cognizant of the facts, whilst others "showed for them- selves." For instance, the superb martial appearance of the different military compaies, their splendid drill, their steady, regular steps, and their gentlemanly, soldier-like bearing, gave them more the appear- ance of veterans in the art of war than of raw recruits of only a few days' service, and afforded ocular proof to the people who witnessed their evolutions that they had been drilled and officered by compe- tent men. s-And so with other features of the day. As another \h lustration, every person who saw or heard the beautiful chime of bells which were so handsomely rigged up and placed on wheels, and so arranged that they could be made to perform any piece of music, the machine having keys like a piano to operate on each bell— as a matter of course every one would say, " I know who got that up— that came from the foundry of C. S. Bell. " Again, every one who heard by the " Dawn's Early Light," on the morning of the -Ith, the reverbeations among the hills of old High- land, well knew that if our flag was not still there, "Uncle Jake" teas with his cannon— and so on, ad mfitittum. But ivho could tell who suspended the beautiful streamers with their their appropriate mottoes, across the principal streets of our vil- lage, welcoming all to" share the hospitalities of the festive occasion ? Or who had the splendid arch over the main entrance to the grounds erected, with its appropriate motto? Or who had tlie beautiful and commodious platform constructed, with its finely turned arches and ornaments, which were the admiration of every beholder. All these attractions and indispensable adjuncts to a successful celebration of our Centennial, were accomplished by hands invisible to the vast throng who admired the workmanship, and eulogized the refined taste and exquiste skill of some Chairman of a Committee on Decor- ations to them unknown. Therefore, I move that the thanks of this meeting be and are here- by tendered to Frank \V. Armstrong, Chairman of the Committee on Decorations, and liis/<'/" irorthn (/.s.s/s/rr//fe, not only for their patriotism which ])rompted them to do the work, but also for the untiring energy and zeal and fine taste they displayed in rendering the decorations one of the great attractions of the day, and thus conlributing to the enjoy- ment of all present. 118 THE HrSTORY OF The motion was unanimously adopted. Mr. Armstrong expressed his thanks for the compliment, ajid said the Committee gave him too much credit, as, to the valuable aid ol' his English friend, Mr. James Wadman, who kindly volunteei-ed his ser- vices and labored faithfully from morning until night, l^elongs the prin- cipal credit, for whatever of beauty of design or success in the man. agement was achieved, was due chiefly to hin valuable suggestions. On motion of R. T. Hough, it was unanimously agreed that the thanks of this Committee be and are hereby tendered to ]\Ir. James AVad- man for his valuable and efficient services, which so greatly conti-il)- uted to the success of the day. On motion of Dr. Noble, the Secretary was requested to ask Hon. H. L. Dickey for a copy of his eloquent oration for ])ublicati-opened in 1847, with David Herron and Aman- da Wilson as teachers in the Walnut Street House, and William Herron and Mary Muntz in the old Main Street House. About 150 pupils were enrolled, and the schools gave good satisfacticm for the next year or two. In the year 1850, Professoi- Sams called the attention of the people to the benefits likely to accrue to the yontii by an organi- THE COUNTY OF HKilll.AM). 12") zatioii iiiuler the law oC l'S4!>, known as tlic Union Scliool Law. This was ably advocated by James Brown, of the iVews-, and Mr. Enirie, of the Gazette, and was resolved nyunx by a popular vote, and in the spring of 1851 a Union School Board of Education, con.sisting of D. J. Fallis, John M. Johnston, J. R. Emrie, R. H. Ayres, Benjamin Barrere and Washington Doggett, was elected. The organization was perfected during the year, and in the autumn the Union schools oj)ened, with Henry M. Shockley as superintendent. Tlie schools coin|)rised three grades, primary, secondary and grammer, and in the latter a few High school branches were to be taught by the sujierintendent, if there were any pupils qualified to pursue them. The enrollment the first year was about 280, and the second 275. In 1853 the use of the academy building was given to the Union schools by that corporsition, and in May, 1853, the gram- mar depai'tment was moved to that house, under the charge of Mr. Shockley and Eli Zink. At the close of the school year in 1853 Mr. Shockley resigned, and Rev. E. McKinney was aj)- pointed to the position of superintendent. It was determined at this time to add a High school department, to be taught by the superintendent, assisted by Prof. Saras, whose services for half of each day were secured. The schools were in charge of Mr. Mc- Kinney until 1856, when he was succeeded by Mr. Sams, who re- mained in charge until 1858. During these last few years the system found favor, and it was believed by those interested that it would in time supplant all other schools. The schools opened in 1858 with Lewis McKibben as superin- tendent. In December of this year the old academy building, in which three grades were taught, was destroyed by fire. For the next eight years the schools were without good accommodations, changes of teachers were frequent, and they lost much of the ground they had gained in the few years before. In 1862 Mr. McKibben was succeeded as superintendent by John Edwards, and in 1864 he was succeeded by L. McKibben. For various reasons no su|)erintendent or "A" Grammar teacher were employed for 1865, and the school, including the lower Grammar and the grades below, was continued in charge of B. C. Colburn, of the B Grammar Grade. The l)oard and the peo})le had been convinced of the absolute 126 THE HISTORY OF need ofa^^ood building, wliicii would accoininodato all the school under one roof. They had, in ISHo, purchased a fine lot on West Walnut street for $2HoO. The jmrchase was eonfirnied by the vote of the people, and preparations were eoninieneed for erecting a commodious Unioji School House. Some delays occur- reil in commencing it, but in 1865 plans and specifications were drawn up for the i)resent building. These articles and plans dif- fered materially from those of the log house of 1815, which Avas by the terms of the articles of agreement, to be "chunked and daubed." The contracts for building the new house were let in 1866, and the construction was pushed forward during that year and the next two. Some opposition was made to the project at the time, but now the entire intelligent portion of the community approve the action. The board, under whose auspices the house was built, consisted of C. S. Bell, James S. Murphy, Washington Doggett, N. Rockhold, J. C. Gregg and J. H. Mullenix. The old school houses and lots were m\d at public sale. The Main street lot for $2,000. This, as we have seen, w^as bought in LSI 5 for $50.00, a big price at the time. At the beginning of the school year in 1866 the board resolved to restore the two grades that had been dropped, and to employ a superintendent and A Grammar grade teacher. Accordingly, H. S. Doggett was employed as superintendent, and E. G. Smith for the A Grammar grade. Although the schools had poor accommo- dations, they gradually increased in enrollment and favor with the people until the year 1868, when the new three-story building was completed and ready for occupancy. The schools were opened on the 6th of Septend)er in the new house, with the following corps of teachers : H. S. Doggett, superintendent; L. McKibben, High School teacher; E. G. Smith, A (xrammar; Mary Doggett, B Grammar; Maggie Richards and ]\Iary Ellis, Intermediate ; Serena Hender- son, Matilda INIcFadden and Sarah .1. Lambert, Primary. A revised course of study and a code of regulations were re- ported by the superintendent and adopted by the board. At the start 410 jnipils were enrolled. These were examined and classi- fied in their proper grades. Soon after the opening another In- termediate teacher was required, and Miss Ellen Eckly was eni- THE COUNTY OF H Hi HI, AND. 127 ployod. It was also determined to employ h teacher tor the (xer- inan language, and Gus^tav (yhateaubriand was employed. In 1869 Miss Cai'oline Clay was chosen to this position, which she has filled creditably ever since. A regular High school course of study was adopted at this time, which, in 1872, was revised and extended, and arranged for three years' study. From that time forward the board determined to give diplomas to those pupils who satisfactorily completed the course. Pupils completing this course are prepared to enter college, or qualified for the active business of life. We give the names of the graduates. Class of 1878. W. A. Brouse, Edward Holmes, W. ('. Nelson, Wyatt F'arrar, N. Rockhold, jr., Matilda Roads, Verda Eckly, Amelia Clay. Class of 1874. Nannie Hanley, William R. Patterson, Thomas H. Langley, Josei)h McD. Mathews, jr. Class of 1875. John Higgins, Julius Pangburn, Finima Coiianl, Bertha Reek- ley, Callie Shepherd, Mary F. Fallon. Two of the graduates and three other pupils, wlio finished their course in the schools befi)re diplomas were given, are now' teachers in the .schools. Several others are teaching in other places, or en- gaged in business. Eveiy year young men and ladies from the country attend the sch(jols and qualify themselves for teachers. Many of these are doing good work in the country schools. The number of pupils enrolled at the beginning of the present term in the white schools were o23, and in the colored 7o. This hitter department is taught in a connnodious and convenient brick school house of two rooms, erected by the Union School and t(jwnship boards. Two teachers are employed for the colored school, and good results have already accrued from their labors. The I In ioji .schools are now held in great favor and ai)j)reciation by the youth and citizens of the town. A zeal for and an hiterest in learning pervades the pu])ils of the school in all the grades, which, as much as anything else, insures their progress and sue- 128 THE HISTORY OF cess. Tlie discipline is good, tin- iuiiiiIkt of the unruly and insub- ordinate l)ein,i!: very small. jNIonthly examinations in writing are held, and public examinations twice in the year. The teachers- have of late yeavs been generally faithful, efficient and well (juali- fied for their arduous duties. All of these hold certificates of a high grade from the county examiners and the sujXM-intendent, one for life from the state lioard of examiners. Tlie good results of the past few years are, in a great measure, to be attributed to the liberal and enlightened policy of the board of education in retaining the services of successful and efficient teachers as long as they desire to remain. This has given the schools a character for permanency, and has prevented those dis- organizing breaks in the work which are the results of frequent changes in teachers or methods. The superintendent and several of the teachers have; been in the continuous service of the board for eight or nine years past. Changes of teachers have been not at all frequent. In September, 1875, soon after the schools had re-opened for the ])resent year, Mr. McKibben resigned his position in the High school, and retired from the profession on account of ill health. He had filled the place since the year 1868. He was succeeded by E. G. Smith, who is doing his work in this grade thoroughly and successfully. The superintendent gives three-fifths of his time to teaching in the High school, and the remainder to super- vision. Sixty -five pupils are enrolled in the High school, the largest number ever in attendance in this grade during a summer term. They are studying Latin, Greek, German, the Sciences and Higher Mathematics. The graduating class this year will equal or surpass in numbers any former one. The Union schools are now managed l)y the following authorities : BOARD OF EDirCATION. C. S. Bell, William H. Glenn, Wesley Copes, John Rcckly, Josiah Stevenson, J. M. Heistand. CORPS OF TEACHERS 1875-70. H. S. Doggett, superintendent; K. G. Smith, High school teacher ; W. A . Brouse, A Grammer teacher ; Mary Doggett, B Grammar ; Lizzie Ambrose, Matilda Roads, Sarah E. Williams, THK COUNTY OF HKiHT^ANI). 129 Intermediate; Maiy C'dimrd, Nannie Dttujit'tt, Surali .J. Lam- bert, H. K. Fcnncr,- Primary; (". Clay, (icrman. COl.OKKl) SCHOOL. William H. (iarnett, Hattie A, (iordon. Thi.< sketch can not be bettei' concluded than Avith the following }>ara_iiraphs from memoranda furnished the writer by Prof. Isaac .Sams : " To one who has closely watched the progress of education and its results in the comity of Highland and village of Hillsboro for over forty years, the vast amelioration in the attainments, the demeanor and moral status of the youth, seems almcst miraculous. "And in general it may be affirmed of the educational condition of Highland county and of Hillsboro, the county town, that no agricultural county of an equal population can be found to excel it in either method or effect." ERRATA. On page 13, line 18, in the table, read H. F. ('(ilh-gi-; and in line 19, read milshoro Acadcmii. On page 74, line 10, for "have" read lias. On page 75, line o, before the word "abandoned," add have. On same page, line 26, before the word " speeches," read eloquent for "elegant." Index to Centennial History. A Auditors. C(.iiiity 40, 41 Academy, Hillsboro .'i. (;, 7, s, It, (M) Agriculture H4, tJo Appendix lUt to IJl) B Banks 14 Baiikrui>tey. Kejiister of 17 Bar of the County 49, .V) Banks and Bankers .>4 Bloods of Population 72 Bauds. Hills])oro Cornet 79 C County, Oru:ani/,ation ai :',, 4, 5 Churches 12 Congress, Members of Ki, 17 Commissioner, U.S. of 17 Commissioners, County 41, 42, 4:5, 44 Colleges and Schools oO, ri7, 58, o9, (50 College, Hillsboro Female fiO, 01, 02 Colleges of the State 02, 0.". Card, ^lurphy 74 Committee. Fourth of July, 1S70 110 to lis D Debts, County 14 T)escri])tion of Population 72, 7:1 F Fruits !) G (drains 'J (ireentield 7:1, 74 H Horses, Hogs, etc !> Hotels 12 Hillsboro 75, 7S, 79 J Judicial Deimrtment of Ohio :)4 Judges, Common Pleas :!4, 40, 4S Judges of Probate 40 Justices of the Peace 45, 40 INDEX. 131 Laiuls of the County •"■>. ♦>. H l-Hiids of tlie T()\vnshii)s S M Millts 12 Manufactories 12 Markets, Hillsboro 14, 15 Marshals, Deputy U. S 17 Ministers of the Gospel ">0, 51, 52 Murphy Temperance Movement 74 :\Ii]itary. Fourth of July, lS7t> 111. 112 N Newspapers ')•'>. G(>. ti7 O Orcliarils 8, 9 Orchards, Production of 9 Officers of Villages 40, 47 Ode, Original Fourth of July, 1S76 114 to 116 P Products 9, 10 Property, Value of Real and Personal 10 Population 11, 12 Population of the Towns and Townships of the County from 1810 to 1870 11, 12 Postmasters, Hillsboro 17 Physicians 52, 5:^ 54 Proceedings, Fourth of July, 1870 81 Procession, Fourth of July, 1870 82 Marshals 83 Officers 85 " Speeches 85 to 97 " Decorations V>9 to HI R Railroads 14, 63 Revenue, Collectors of 17 Recorders, County 44, 45 Religions of Population 72. 73 Regiment, 13th, Ohio National Ouard 30, 31, 32 S Stock, Live, Statement of, 1874 to lvS70 9 Schools and Sehool Houses 13 Service, Civil, of U. S 10, 17 Service, Senators, U. S 16 Service, Military, U. S 18 to 29 iService, State of Ohio 32, 34 1;52 INDEX. Pagf. Service, Goveriiors and ntlier Uliicers o2 Senators •>-, •>•> Surveyors, County 45 Schools, Common 'io Streams of Water (i9, 70 Springs of County 70, 71 Settlement of County 71 Soil (if County 71 T Townships, Organization of (i, 7, 8 " Names and Dates <>, 7, W War of 1812 18 War with 3Iexico 18, 10 War of the Rebellion 20, 21, 22, 2S, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 20 Infantry, 12th 20 " ' 24th 20, 21 '; 27th ; 21 48th 21 50th 22 5i»th 22 ()Oth 22, 23 65th 23 " " " " 73rd 24 " " " " 81st '. 24 " " " 88th 24 " " " " 80th 24, 25 " " " " ICSth 25 175th 25, 26 Cavalry, 1st 26 " " 2d 26 4th 27 " " " " nth 27 12th 27 " " " Artillery, 1st 27 2nd 28 Volunteer 29,30 Woman's Temjierance Crusade. — Description aixl Names of Crusaders 75, 76, 77, 78 T\C 2^- or CK ^ ^»<>*-' ft <3 ^^ ^.v^^ ■.V' '^^^ " " >- A . 0'^ ^ ^ ° » ^ > • -_ o .0' V I « .0 N " A V " y Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process. <1» iC V u ,,-g:j. Neutralizing Agent: Magnesium Oxide Treatment Date: AUG .r PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES. LP. Ill Thomson Park Drive Cranberry Township. PA 16066 (724)779-2111 ;/:,..,X.»r.;/-, '^*.. ?-, ^. > V ^ **' ^^ ^viv ^ -^^ -^