f ifoarjT of gfltt-^iTflianb §htaxQ No. II CHURCH'S PHILIP'S WAR Part I i^£^^^^:si \>^ Eije iii0tottj King Philipvs War By BENJAMIN CHURCH WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES By HENRY MARTTN DEXTER JOHN KIMBALL WIGGIN MDCCCLXV \^ .^ * \ Xo. K.iil.-ncI a. ror.liMjr to Ai't uf (.'..iiprss in tlu- yiiir ISIV., liy .llillN K. wiia;lN In ihr Cl.rlv'.-, Drtic.' "1 till- |)i>tri.t loiirt ,.f tlj.- riistri.'t "f Mu.-snilji E n I r J ( > X irti.10 ?i?untirct( ant JFifto ©opics, Small Quarto 2rijtvtjJ=filir, l^pyal ©uarto Press ol" John Wilson and Son JOHN GORHAM PALFREY, D.D., LL.D., WHO ADJJS THE MINUTE AND PATIENT ACCURACY OF THE ANTK^UAKV TO llli: BROAD AND PHII.OSOPHICAI. INSIGHT OF THE HISTORIAN: AND WHO HAS, MORE FAITHFULLY THAN ANY OTHER WRITER. CONCEIVED AND DEFINED THE REAL POSITION OCCUPIED BY THE ABORIGINES OF NEW ENGLAND IN THE CIVIL AND SOCIAL SCALE : Efiis CFUition of a i}omdij Imt intialualilf ^rart. HAVING LARGE REFERENCE TO THEM. Is, hv Pcrjii/ssiflu. most rcspedfi/Ily I)i scribed. ^f^-^ PREFATORY NOTE. HE need of the literal reprint of so valuable a contribution to the history of New England as Church's "Entertaining Passages re- lating TO Philip's War," has been widely felt; and the more, because the re-issue of 1772, from which all later editions have been copied, was defective in some important particulars affe6ling the use of the work as an historical authority. Two instances of this may be here particularized; viz., where (page 18) the words occurring on page 10, "and of the black Rocks to the Southward of them," offering an important hint of the exa6t locality of the " pease-field fight," w^ere dropped out altogether; and where (page 30) the words occurring on page 17, "in about a INIonths time," were reprinted "in about three months' time," thus seeming to hint an expedi- tion into the Nipnuik country in March, 1676, referred to by no other writer. The endeavor has accordingly been P R E F A T O R V NOT E. made to put the purchaser of this edition in possession of as exa6t a reproduction of the original of 1716, as it has been possible for modern antique types and skill to do; the minuteness of the imitation having been designed to be extended to every misprint, mispun6tuation, and even inverted comma, — of which the word " discocovered " (page 31, line 11 from the top), the word PI month (page 140, line 8 from the bottom), and very many other seem- ing blunders of the printers of this edition, will be found to be only faithful illustrations. In the Notes, the endeavor has been made to straighten the involved and crooked chronology from other sources; to identify the exa6t localities made for ever classic by their association with this rude warfare; to efive some account, from contemporary records, of the various a6tors; and, generall}^, to shed all possible light upon the narrative. Familiar with most of the country traversed over by the story, from a childhood that was fascinated by the graphic simplicity of Church's description of his cam- paigns, the Editor indulges the hope that he may have done something to aid future readers of these " Entertain- ing Passages " to comprehend them in their exactness of time and place and circumstance. The original, from which this reprint is made. — now a very rare volume, — was printed in small quarto, pp. 120, in Boston, in 17 16, by B. Green. A second edition, PREFATORY NOTE. itself now becoming rare, was published fifty-six years after at Newport, R.I., in 1772, by Solomon Southwick, in small 8vo, pp. 199. It is made clear from the Diary* of Rev. Ezra Stiles, D.D., (then Pastor of the Second Congregational Church in Newport), that he aided Southwick, and really edited the volume. The following extra6ts bear upon the subject; viz, — " 1771- Dec. 1 8 Conedting the press for Col. Church's Hist, of K. Philip's War in 1675. " 177^' Dec. 19 Reviewing Col. Benj. Church's History of K. Philip's War, 1676, at the request of the printer ; — adding English or present Names of places written in Indian names in the Original. Mr. Southwick is printing a Second Edition ; first Edit. 171S [6"/c]. " 1772- Apr. 9 Finished writing the Life of Col. Benja- min Church, to be affixed to the new Edition of his History of the Indian war, called K. Philip's War, now jDrinting. He was born 1639, and died at Little Compton, Janry. 171I, .^^t. 78. " 1772' Apr. 10 Inspecting the Press." Dr. Stiles appended to the volume, also, an " Ode Heroica," which [A^. E. Hist, and Gen. Reg., xi. 155] was composed by Benjamin Church of Boston, "Vendue- master," son of the old Colonel's son Edward, who was also a " Vendue-master," — as that age styled the useful person whom we call an Auctioneer, — and was father of Dr. Benjamin, of sad Tory memory. He not only glori- * This Diary is now in the Library Stiles was President at the time of of Yale College, of which Rev. Dr. his death. B ix PREFATORY NOTE. fied his grandfather in a tongue unknown to the brave old warrior (although, as he wrote Dr. Stiles, " almost too old for such juvenile attempts; being upwards of 67"), but furnished the Do6lor with the materials for the biog- raphy of the Colonel. The glorification was as follows: — "ODE HEROIC A, " [a Nepote Herois composita] " BlOGRAPHIAE PRAECEDENTI AFFIGENDA SIT. " "1^ TUNC permitte Nepos Lecftor, magnalia Avi ejus, i- ^ Et vitam ut breviter caneret, quoq ; pauca loquendo, Traduce de veteri, celebrata et, versibus, ex quo Magnanimusq ; Heros frondebat : deinde locoque : Quo fuit intrepidus Phoenix, memorandus et ortus ! Agricola ecce Pater manuum gaudebat in omni Tumve labore suo, nutritus frugibus Arvi ! Mater pauperibus curas, casusq ; relaxans. Omnibus affli6lis passim mater fuit alma ! Numinis arbitrioq ; bono, sine murmure mentis, Acquievere, suis contenti sortibus ambo — Cordibus elatis, gratiq ; fuere Parentes, Filius ut talis mortalibus hisce daretur ! Qiii patriaeq ; suae perluxit gloria longe. Donee ei'at villus truculentae mortis ab idlu ! Duxburiae di(5tum est, Genioq ; fuisse beatum Oppidum, et exultans, tanto quod munere Marti s Distincflum fuerat ! Vicinis majus ab illo ! Historicus supra probiter canit arma virumq ; Qiiiq ; erat in pugna multis, magnisq ; periclis PREFATORY NOTE. Expositus ! Natos nemoris fuscosve secutus Armipotens ; sylvas, Dumosq ; arbustaq ; densa Pervolitans, nigros scloppo ejus perdidit Angues Monstraq ; quos natura parens crudelia dixit ! Vicftoriisq ; suis pacem stabilivit in Orbis Terrarum occasu — jam, jam sub vitibus omnis Hie sedeat salvus — terrore absente Mavortis ! Mortuus est Heros ! Nomen sed vivet in aevum — Spiritus aseendit Coelos, Jesuq ; triumphans ; Dum latet in tumulo corpus cum pulvere mixtum ! Sic cecinU Nepos Benj. Church, Sen." This edition was also adorned with what purported to be portraits, on copper, of Colonel Church, and of King Philip, both from the graver of Paul Revere ; of which more will be said in another place. The third edition of this winsome narrative was edited, fifty-three years later, by Mr. Samuel Gardner Drake, and was the first contribution of that since accomplished archaeologist to this department of Aboriginal research; in which, without injustice to others, it may safely be said that he has no superior. Travelling through the Old Colony in the summer of 1824, he, for the first time, saw \^JV.£. Hist, and Gen. Reg., xvii. 202], and became pos- sessor of, a copy of Southwick's reprint; and, circulating proposals, he obtained nearly a thousand subscribers for a new issue. He published in i2mo (Boston: Howe and Norton, 14, State Street, 1825), pp. 304; prefixing eight pages of Index, and two pages of Introduction, and adding PREFATORY NOTE. an Appendix of forty pages, comprising a brief sketch of the settlement of this country, of the Indian wars, &c., &c. It was mainly a reprint of Southwick's edition, — the editor having then never seen the original, — with the omission of the " Ode Heroica," and the addition of a few foot- notes. It was embellished with a fancy portrait of King Philip, decidedly more prepossessing in appearance, and quite as authentic in chara6ter, as that of Paul Revere of a half-century before. The success of this effort was so marked as to induce Mr. Drake to prepare and issue a second edition (the fourth of the work), which he did, early in 1827, from stereotype plates; being among the first fruits of the ste- reotype press in Boston. This, also, was in i2mo, pp. 360. He added many more notes, and gave an Introduc- tion of five pages, an Index of six pages, and an Appendix of sixty-eight pages, of the same general chara6ter as that of the previous edition, but rewritten and enlarged. The old head, purporting to be a likeness of Church, was re-engraved for this issue, and other plates were added. All the (nominally new) editions of this work, from that time to the present, have been re-issues of this last; the plates having long since passed out of Mr. Drake's hands, and having been used by various publishers. The present is, therefore, the fourth reprint (fifth edition) of these " Entertaining Passages," and the first PREFATORY NOTE. from the original, — as well as the first which has not avowedly sought to amend the text. The map has been adapted from the State map, by the Editor, with great care, from his own personal knowledge of the ground; and he believes it to be a thoroughly accu- rate guide to all those localities which it purports to point out. The dates have been suffered to stand in Old Style, as written. The Publisher has sought to produce this copy, so far as possible, m. facsimile of the original, as well as in literal exa6tness; and the headings, initial letters, &c., &c., have been accordingly engraved for that purpose. It only remains, here, that just thanks be given to all who have aided the Editor in his labor : among whom he would gratefully mention the Hon. John Russell Bartlett, Secretary of State of Rhode Island; his Honor, Judge William R. Staples, of Providence; General G. M. Fessenden, of Warren, R. L; Richard Sherman, Esq., of Portsmouth, R. I. ; Mr. Henry M. Tompkins, the Town Clerk of Little Compton, R. I.; Hon. Williams Latham, of Bridgewater, Mass.; Samuel F. Haven, Esq., Librarian of the American Antiquarian Society in Worcester, Mass. ; Rev. John Langdon Sibley, Librarian of Harvard College ; and Mr. George H. Taber, of Fairhaven, Mass. Two gen- PREFATORY NOTE. tlemen deserve more special mention for the unwearied pains they have taken to aid the Editor in some portions of the w^orkj viz., his friend and kinsman, Mr. Franklin B. Dexter, now Tutor in Yale College, to whom he owes the extra6ls from the Diary of Dr. Stiles, the identifi- cation of the site of John Cook's house in Cushnet, and other kindred helps; and the Hon. J. Hammond Trum- bull, Secretary of State of Conne6ticut, to whose disinter- ested and indefatigable aid much of what may be thought to be of special value in the work will be largely due. The Editor knows nothing about the Indian tongue; and the reader is desired to take notice here, once for all, that for all the interesting and valuable suggestions having reference to that, which are scattered through the book, his thanks will be wholly due to the learning and gen- erosity of that eminent savan. It has not been found possible — without too great enlargement of the volume — to insert herein the Second Part of the original work, giving " a further account of the Actions in the more later Wars against the Common Enemy and Indian Rebels in the Eastern Parts, under the Command of the aforesaid Capt. Benj. Church; " which makes sixty-six of the solidest quarto pages. That is in preparation, and will follow as a separate issue. H. M. D. Hillside, Roxbury, 15th July, 1865. INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. N his preface to thefe "Entertaining Paffages," Colonel Church makes the apologetic remark, that " every particle of hiftorical truth is pre- cious." That remark has been conftantly in mind in the preparation of what follows, having refer- ence to events in the hiflory of this limple-hearted, yet noble-hearted man. It would be more exa6t to ftyle what is here offered " Materials toward a Memoir," than fuch a Memoir itfelf. Moft of the official records in which various a6tions of his bufy life would naturally leave their footmarks, have been fearched, and their various references to his career have been gathered together and arranged chronologically here; fo as to put the reader in poffeffion of thefe fragmentary, yet faithful, evidences of what he was. The man himfelf has exhaled; but fome rude im- preffion of him remains in them, which may ferve as a matrix in which imagination may fhape fome image; INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. which, if far from being a reproduction of the perfon whom his cotemporaries knew, mufl yet have some fac- fimile lineaments. The humble office of the editor is to furnifh the mould; leaving to the reader the re-creative work. Benjamin Church was a fon of Richard. Richard came to Maffachufetts probably in the fleet with Gov. Winthrop;* was a carpenter by trade; 19 061. 1630, was propounded to be a freeman in the Maffachufetts Colony; in 1630, was at Weffaguflet and Plymouth; 2 Jan. 163! was freeman of Plymouth; 16 Feb. 163! hired William Baker to faw timber into boards for him; was "rated for public ufe " £1 i6s. in March following, and £1 75. the next year; married Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Warren, in 1636; was often a member of the "Grand Enqueft," and was occafionally made referee; ferved as fergeant in the Pequotwar; with John Tompfon helped build the firft meeting-houfe ( as fuch ) in Ply- mouth about 1637; lived at Eel-river; 9 April, 1649, fold his eftate there to Robert Bartlet for £25 ; was in Charlef- town in 1653, but finally fettled down in Hingham, where he made his will 25 Dec. 1668, and died two days after, at Dedham, leaving at leaft nine children.f * Savage's Geu. Dia. i : 3S6; Win- N.E. Hiji. & Gen. Reg. xi : 154; Plym. for's Duxbiiry, 245; Deane's Scitu- Col. licc.i: 6, 8, 11, xii: 165, &c. &c. ate, 234; Mitchell's Bridge-water, 363; f Church Ipeaks {^B. C. D.\: 91] of INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. Benjamin was born at Plymouth in 1639, and was bred to his fathers trade. No other circumftance of his early life has found record. 26 Dec. 1667, — when at the age of twenty feven or eight, — he married Alice, fecond daugh- ter of Conftant and Elizabeth ( Collier ) Southworth, of Duxbury; who was then not far from twenty-one, having been born in 1646. It is prefumed that their early married life was pafled in Duxbury, though it is probable that he was temporarily relident in various portions of the Colony, in the purfuit of his vocation. His firfl appearance upon the Plymouth Colony Records is 25 061. 1668, when [P. C. R. vii: 150] he is named as on a trial jury in the cafe of Jofias Winflow vs. Kenelm, and in that of John Doged. I yune^ 1669, lefs than fix months after his father's death, the Court granted him " land att Taunton River " which William Pabodie had taken up and then furrendered, [/*. C. R. y: 20] "for full fatisfa6tion for all the right his father, Richard Church, deceafed, hath to land in this CoUonie." 7 March 1670 \_P. C. R. vii: 163], he was one of a petit jury at Plymouth for the trial of feveral a6lions. 29 May, 1670, [P. C. R. v: 275], his name appears upon the lift of Sarah, wife of James Burroughs, of publiflied lift of Richard's children which Briftol, tailor, as his lifter, though no I have feen. [iV. E. Hijl. and Gen. fuch name appears upon the fulleft Reg. xi : 154.] c xvii INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. freemen of " Duxburrow," then tranfcribed by Secretary Morton. 5 June, 1 67 1 \P. C. R. v: 54], he was Conflable of " Duxburro." 30 O^ober, 1672 [P. C. R. vii: 174], he was one of a trial jury at Plymouth, for the fecuring of juftice in feveral criminal cafes. 4 y^uly, 1673 \_P. C. R. vii: 181], he was one of a trial jury at Plymouth for eight civil and criminal cafes. He alio made return [P. C. R. v: 126], with John Rogers, Daniell Wilcockes, Conflant Southworth, William Pa- bodie and Edward Gray, that, purfuant to the order of the Court, they had bounded out " the fouthfyde of thofe lands formerly graunted vnto the inhabitants of Plymouth at Punckateefett^'' &c. At the fame time [P. C. R. v: 126], liberty was granted him with John Tompfon, by the Court to purchafe land of " Tufpaquine, the blacke fachem, and William his Son, for the inhabitants and propriators of the towne of Middleberry," &c. The proprietors were to have until the laft of the November following, to repay Church and Tompfon, and take the land; but it appears SJbid^ 14^]? that they failed to do fo, and that the Court, 3 June, 1674, granted Church and Tompfon " one third p* of the faid land, for theire cecuritie and evidence." 23 July, 1673 ^Proprietor's Records Saconef\ he met with the newly organized Company to purchafe and fettle the Saconet INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. lands; appearing in the right of Richard Bifhop and Richard Beare. Sometime in this year his oldeft fon Thomas was born. lo April, 1674 \P. R. S\ the Saconet company met at Duxbury, and Church drew the lots numbered 19 and 29. He proceeded during the fummer following to clear and ere6t buildings upon lot No. 19 (fee note 21 pq/l^. 2 March, 16'j'^g [P. C. R. vii: 195], he was on a trial jury at Plymouth, fhowing that his removal to the very outikirts of the Colony was not defigned, by him or by the Colonifts, to diffociate him from their conftant fervice. Church's own account of himfelf in connection with the outbreak of the war which now began to defolate the land feems to begin about 15 June, 1675 [note \\, poJl\, but the " Brieff Narrative of the beginning and progreffe of the pTent trouble between vs and the Indians," fubmitted to the Commiffioners of the United Colonies, by the Ply- mouth Commiffioners, in the November following, and which bears the marks of having been carefully drawn, fays \P. C. R. x: '^d'^^, "on the 7"" June, Mr. Benjamine Church being on Rhod Ifland; Weetamoe and fome of her Cheiffe men told him that Phillip Intended a warr fpeedily with the Englifh," &c. It would feem to have been about 15 June that he had an interview with AwaJJionks and Weetamoe, as narrated in his own account, and went to Plymouth to fee the Governor. The Punkatees fight was INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. 9 July; 19 July the Pocaffet Expedition began: in the laft of that month, Philip got acrofs Tiiicut river in the night, and fled for the Nipimik country. 27 06lober [P. C. R. vii: 196], thefe warlike proceedings were interfperfed with a civil fuit againft Church, of Richard French of Marfh- field. Executor of the eftate of Richard Beare, claiming damages of \os^ in an a6lion of debt, concerning which the record is, " the jury find for the plaintiffe the coft of the fuite." The fecond week in December, Church ftarts for the war again as " a Reformado " with Gen. Winflow, and on the 19th of that month was wounded in the famous Narraganfett fwamp fight, and carried over to Rhode-Ifland to be cured. 27 January^ 1676 (note 140, pojT)^ he flarted with the army for the Nipjnuk country; 29 Feb. (note i^z^pojl), he feems to have met with the Plymouth Council of War, at Marfhfield; 11-13 March (note 159,/^), arrived at Capt. Almy's, on Rhode-Ifland, with his wife and fon Thomas; 12 May, his fon Conftant was born; 6 June, he arrived at Plymouth by way of Wood's Hole; foon went back the fame way, faw the Saconet Indians on the rocks, and procured a formal meeting with AwaJItonks, refulting in a treaty, and, 25 June, difpatched Peter to Plymouth with the "Articles"; met Maj. Bradford and his army, re- turned to Plymouth, and went to meet AwaJJwnks at Mat- tapoifett^ 8 July; was commillioned, and went out to INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. » capture the Monpon/ets, lo July; 24 July, had his com- miffion enlarged, and ftarted to guard the carts to Taun- ton, whence he went to AcnJJinet^ and captured many prifoners, and returned to Plymouth by way of Sippican ; 30 July, flarted for Bridgewater, chafed Philip over into the fwamps in Norton and Rehoboth, and took many prif- oners, with whom he got fafe back to Plymouth, 4 Au- guft; 7 Auguft, he "rallied" for Dartmouth, and by 10 Auguft ftarted for Pocaffet woods, went over to the ifland, and down to Maj. Sanford's to fee his wife, and next morning killed Philip in the fwamp fouth of Mount-Hope, and got back to Plymouth on the 17th; early in Septem- ber, he fet his fuccefsful trap for Ti/paqicin, and foon ftarted out once more after Annawon^ whom he took on the night of 11 September. 17 October, the Maflachufetts General Court wrote to Plymouth [^Afa/s. Col. Rec. v: 126] aflcing to be afllfted againft the Eaftern Indians " with fome Englifh, & alfo fome of 3'our Indians, and Capt. Cluirch, whom we have fpoken with here & finde him ready to ferve God and the country, &c."; i November, he was appointed [P. C. R.v\ 215] by Plymouth Court, with William Pabodie and Nathaniel Thomas, to lay out lands granted to David and Thomas Lake near Saconet and Pun- katea/l\ alfo, with the fame, to lay out fome lands in aid of a ferry at Pocaffet; while he and John Simmons are granted \^Ibid. 216] a leafe for pafturage at Pocaffet. 4 November INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. [/*. C. R. xi: 242], the Court ordered as follows: " Cap- taine Beniamen Church haueing; for and in the behalfe of the Collonie, engaged to feuerall Indians; about fiue or six; That incase they did carry well they fhould abide in this Jurifdi6tion; and not fold to any fforraigne p''tes; ac- cordingly this Court doth confeirme the faid engagement and doth hereby tollarate theire ftay as aforfaid; notwith- ftanding any law of this Collonie to the contrary; except- ing; if any of them fhould appeer to haue had a hand in any horred murder of any of the Englifh p^'ticularly ex- cepting one Croffman; whoe is accufed to haue had a fpeciall hand in the crewell murder of M"" Hezekiah Wil- lett." 15 yanuary, 1677, Capt. Church was commiffioned again by the Plymouth government, and went out again and [p. 181,^(7/?] took "divers parties of Indians." 6 March [/*. C. R. v: 225], the Plymouth Court granted leave to eight of Church's Indian foldiers to fettle at Saconet^ he fupplying them with land, on condition that they hold themfelves ready for military fervice under him, " hee, fatisfying the Indians, to haue the whole prophett of fuch an adventure," 7 June \P. C. R. v: 234], he is author- ized to a6f as a magiftrate to iffue warrants, «&c., at Saco- net and Pocajjfet ; 13 July [Ibid. 242], he is recognized by the Court as agent of the widow of Daniel Haward, for the management of the lands of her late hufband; 30 INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. 06lober \Ibid. 246; vii: 208], he was on a trial jury at Plymouth. 5 March, 167^, he was appointed by the Court \P. C. R. v: 252], with John Richmond of Taunton, to divide fome land at Saconet belonging to children of the late John Irifh; 5 July \Ibid. 265], he was empowered, by fpecial order, to adminifter to John Irifh the oath to ferve as con- ftable at Saconet. 8 March, 167I \P. C. R. vi: 7] he was re-appointed to be a magiftrate for Saconet and PocaJ/ct. 4 March, 16 jg {Briftol County {Ma/s.) Deeds, ii: 144], he buys of Arthur Hathaway of Dartmouth, for £16, one fhare in Punkateajl neck, with one fhare of the Court grant of which faid neck was a part; fame date \Ibid. ii: 146], he buys a limilar fhare of Edward Gray of Plymouth, for £12. I January, i6|f SJbid. ii: 143], he bought a fimilar fhare of Richard Wright, tailor, of New Plymouth, for 40^. Sometime before March of this year, with feven others {Proceedings of Mafs. Hijl. Soc, Sept. 1857, 238], he be- came a purchafer of Pocajfet lands, and agreed to endeavor the well fettling of a plantation there, and to "joine with Succonnitt Proprietors in the calling of a Gospell Mineter & for his incouragfement as to his outward fubliftence &c."; 7 July \P. C. R. vi: 43], he was appointed, with Nathaniel Thomas and William Pabodie, " to bound out Tatamanucke' s thoufand acres of land att or about Saco- INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. nett"; 14 Sept. [BriJIol, R.-I., Town Records^ i: 26], he figned and fealed the " Grand Articles " for the fettlement of Briftol, R.-I. I March, 168^ [P. C. R. vi: 58], with Nathaniel Thomas and Edward Gray, he petitioned to have the lines run between their Pocajfet purchafe and the " freemen's land " at Fall River, and the Court ordered William Pabodie to do it; 7 July, 1681 \P. C. R. vi: 69], he was authorized by the Court " to cutt and cleare " a more dire6l way from Mount-Hope to Bofton, there being "great need" of one; at the fame Court [P. C. R. vii: 241], he, with others, by N. Thomas, their attorney, fued David Lake for £500, for interrupting them from quiet and peaceable poffeffion of their Pocajfet lands ; i Sept. \B. T. R.'v. 46], the firfl pro- prietors of the Mount-Hope purchafe met (76 in number, " Capt. Benjamin Church" heading the lift), and agreed that the name of the town fhould be Briftol; 10 Nov. \B. T. R.'w 49], with N. Byfield and Sergeant John Cary, he was appointed to make a rate upon the new town. 7 March, i68i \P. C. R. vii: 247], he, with others, by N. Thomas, attorney, fued William Earle of Dartmouth for forcibly hindering the running of the boundary line of the Pocajfet purchafe; 22 May, 1682 \JB. T. R. i: 49], he was chofen Deputy to reprefent Briftol in the Colony Court, and firft Sele6tman for the year enfuing; 7 July \_P. C. R. vi: 93], he was commiffioned as a magiltrate. INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. and authorized to folemnize marriages; 27 061. [P. C. R. vii: 257], he made an official return to the Court covering the teftimony of Wayewett (^Awa/Iwjzks's hufband) and three other Saconet Indians, that to their knowledge the little ifland of Che/fawamicke (Hog Ifland) belonged to Maffafoit and his fon Wamfiitta. 28 May^ 1683 \B. T. R. i: 51], he was re-ele6led Dep- uty? 5 J^ly \J^' ^' D. ii: 146], with Wm. Pabodie of Little Compton, he agrees that the 23d lot at Saconet fhould be his; 7 July \P. C. R. vii: 263], John Saffin, mer- chant, fues him for £100, for " daming a certain water- courfe into a coue on PoppafquafJi necke"; 24 061. \^B. T. R. i: 54], he agrees with the voters of Briftol to make three wolf-pits in a month's time, and, with others, was clothed " with full power in the towne's behalf in refer- ence to rates now due from Mr. J. Saffin"; 31 061. [P. C. R. vii: 269], Saffin complained to the Court of him and his aflbciate raters of damage of £24 for unjuft affeffiiient, but the Court found for defendants, and affeffed Saffin £4 53-. cofls of Court; fame date, fame Saffin fued Church for £80, for the old caufe of " daming " his creek, and the jury found for Saffin £3 and cofts. 3 March, i68| \B. T. R.'w 43], he agrees with Nathaniel Byfield to maintain a fence of 393 rods in length, between their farms, each to build and keep in repair 1962 rods; 9 Feb. 1684 \B. CD. i: 311], he bu3's of John Walley INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. and others, for £io, certain houfe-lots, &c., &c., in Briftol; 20 Feb. [Ibid. 309], he buys of the fame parties, for £87, feveral houfe-lots and other lands, with tV of ^ mill, and yV of the " ferry farm," in Briftol ; 26 March \BriJlol Births^ i: 56], his then only daughter, Elizabeth, was born; 21 May [B. T. R. i: 55], he was re-chofen Deputy, and elected third Sele6lman; 16 Sept. \Ibid. 57], with Capt. Walley, he was chofen "for the uling endeavors to bring £5, from next 06tober Court of the Cape money for the Incourage- ment of a School-mafter "; 13 November \B. CD. i: 50], he efre6ted the divifion of the Haward land in Sacenet^ to which he had been appointed by the Court; 28 Novem- ber [B. C. D.'w 181], he fells, for £45, to Rowland Rob- infon of Newport the 24th lot at Saconet, and 40 acres at Tyon/unbe. 23 yime, 1685 [B. T. R. i: 62], he "dift)urfed" 10s. to help make up £5, to pay for the freight of the goods of "Mr. Cobbit, the fchoolmafter "; 22 September \_Ibid. 6t,\ he was chofen one of three " raters," and one of a Town Council of five, " to join with the Commiffion officers ol this town by way of ordering concerns in any exegences relating to meletia affairs." 17 May, 1686 \_Ibid. 68], he was chofen firft Sele6lman; I July {Brijiol Births, &c. i: 18], his third fon, Nathaniel, was born (who died 29 Feb. following) ; 9 November [B. T. R.'w 70], he engaged "to deliver in four cords of fire- INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. wood for the Rev. Mr. Lee," to help make 42 cords; 18 November [B. C. D. ii: 271], he fells 20 acres of land at Saconel, for £11, to William Pabodie. II February, i68f [B. C. D. iii: 290], he buys ofW. Pa- bodie and W. South worth of Saco7tet an i8-acre lot, for £13; 4 May \B. T. R. i: 72], he was chofen the firfl of four Sele6tmen at Briftol; 8 May \_Rev. Dr. Shepard'^s Two Di/cour/cs, 10], he became one of the original eight members of the Firfl Congregational Church in Briftol. 23 yamiary, i68|- [B. C. D. iii: 370], he buys of Seth Arnold of Duxbury, one-half of the '^'^^ lot in Ptinkateajl neck; 19 February \^Ibid, ii: 145], he exchanged with John Roufe of Marfhfield the 29''' lot (which was the fecond he originally drew) at Saconet for the 18''' (which adjoined the 19"", the firft which he originally drew, and on which he had built his houfe there); 21 May 1688 \B. T. R.'w 73], he was chofen again the firft of four Selectmen at Briftol; 16 July \B. C. D. v. 91], he buys for £100, a whole fhare of land in Little Compton, of Jofiah Cook and Jofeph Harding of Eaflham; 29 September \Ibid. 97], "for the love, goodwill and alTedlion which I have and beare toward my loving friend and Brother-in-law James Bur- roughs of Briftol, Tailor, and Sarah, his now wife (being my lifter) " he gave his " home-lot " on the corner of Hope INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. and Queen Sts. in Briftol,* being 131 ft. by 59 ft, with other lands enumerated; 17 06lober \Ibid. vii: 572], for £33, he fold to James Peckham, of Little Compton, lands in that town, and fame date [Ibid, iii: 326], bought of faid Peck- ham for £13, two lots in faid town; 21 November \_Ibid. i: 338], he bought for £6, of Samuel Sanford of Portf- mouth, land at Little Compton; 28 November [Ibid, i; 75], he exchanged certain lots in Little Compton for cer- tain other lots there owned by John Cufhen of Scituate; 6 December [Ibid, i: 75], he fold for £90, lands in Little Compton to Peter Tailer of Newport; 26 December, [Ibid. 82], for £24, he fold land at Little Compton to Mathew Howard of that town. 24 January., i68f [Ibid. 81], for £16, he fold to James Cafe and Anna his wife, of Little Compton, 40 acres of land in that town; 6 February [Ibid, ix: 173], he fells, for 425-. a ferry lot at PocaJ/et to William Wodel; 6 September [E7itertai7ii7ig Paffages, &c. 56], he was commiffioned Ma- jor, and Commander-in-Chief, of Plymouth forces for the firft Eaftern Expedition; 7 September, 1689 [B. CD. iii: 368], he buys of William Fobes, for £10, a lot in Little Compton; 18 September [^. P. 59], received his infhruc- tions from the Commiffioners of the United Colonies, and * Rev. Dr. Shepard fajs, in a note corner of Thames and Conflitution to his Truo Dtfcourfes, (p. 51) " tradi- ftreets, the ftone chimney of which tion fays that the old Talbee houfe, in only remains (1S57), was built by Col. this town, [Briftol] ftanding near to the Church." INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. ftarted for Cafco ; 2 1 September \Original letter of Churchy m Mafs. State Paper Offi,ce\^ had an engagement with the enemy, in which eleven of his foldiers were killed and ten wounded; 13 November \Willis's Hijl. Portland 280], he had a Council of war at Falmouth, foon after which he returned home; 25 December \P. C. R. vi: 228], a com- mittee was appointed by the Colony to fettle with him and others " the charges of the warr, &c." and the Court ordered him 40^. a week and £10, over, belides what he might receive " from the Bay." 6 February^ i6|f \E. P. 65], he wrote to the Governor and Council of MalTachufetts appealing on behalf of the poor inhabitants of Maine; 10 May, 1690 \B. C. D. ii: 6G\^ for £7, he fells to Edward Gray of Little Compton land in Sapoivit neck in faid town; 30 May [Ibid. 147], he buys of Captain Chriftopher Almy of Rhode Ifland, for £11 los., four thirtieths of lands left by the purchafers o{ PocaJ/ett, at Fall-river, for erecting a mill or mills; 2 September \E. P. 69J, was Commiffioned for the fecond Eaftern Expedition; 9 September [Ibid. 70], received his inftru6lions, and ftarted; was back to Briftol in three or four weeks ; 4 November [P. C. R. vi: 255], was appointed by the Court to take charge of a contribution propofed in the County of Briftol for the relief " of ye town of Wells & parts adjacent; " 27 November [E. P. 77], wrote from Briftol to " the Eaftern parts;" 2 December [B. C. D. iii: 369; v: 521], ex- INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. changed with W. Pabodie of Little Compton two lots in faid town. 8 yu7ie, 1 69 1 \B. CD. i : 199], he fells to Nathaniel Byfield, for £50, one lixteenth part of PoppafqtiaJJi neck, being 43 acres more or lefs; 28 Auguft [Ibid, i: iii], he buys of his brother Caleb Church of Watertown, " mill- wright," for £100, 132-30*'''' of Pocajfett purchafe, being 30 rods in breadth, " and containes y" river commonly called y" Fall-river & y*" benefit of y® ftream, and y^ ftrip of land defigned for y^ ufe of a mill, or mills, with y^ \ part of y^ fawmill, &c. &c."; 23 September \Ibid. ii: 257], he buys for £70, of N. Thomas, of Marfhfield, lands at Saconet. 25 ytily.1 1692 \E. P. 82], he was commiffioned for the third Eaftern Expedition; 11 Auguft, had his inftru6tions, and ftarted for Penobfcot, — did what fervice he could and returned. 6 March., 1693 \B. C. D. vii: 154], he fells, for £21, to Samuel Crandall land at Little Compton; 23 May \_Idid. y: 11], he buys of W. Wodel, of Portfmouth, for £3, lands in Fall-river; i Auguft \Ibid. ii: 149], he buys of Thomas Burge of Little Compton, for £7 105., a meadow lot of 3 acres in that town; fame date [Ibid, ii: 142], he fells to faid Burge for £15, 40 rods fquare of land in the fame town. 29 January, 169I [Ibid, i : 282], he fells, for £34, to Daniel Eaton of Little Compton one fhare of the undivided lands INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. in that town; i6 February \Ibid.\\\\ 397], he buys of Benjamin Woodworth of Little Compton, for £10, mea- dow lots in that town; 20 April, 1694 \Ibid. vi: 177], he buys of Gerfhom Wodel of PocaJ/et, for £3, lands at Fall-river; 23 July [B, T. R.'w 92], " Major Church " was chofen by the town of Briftol the firft of its 5 affefTors; 30 July \B. C. D.'w 97], he bought back, for £50, his " home- lot" in Briftol which he had fold (29 Sept. 1688) to his brother-in-law, James Burroughs; 6 September [Ibid. 385], he buys of Ifrael Hubbard and Jonathan Dodfon of Scitu- ate, for £150, one "great lot" in Freetown, " being the fecond lot from y" Fall-river." 29 December, 1695 [Ibid, ii: 21], he fells to Jofeph Ta- ber of Tiverton 80 acres at Nomquid, with a grift mill, and alfo 39 acres in Punkateajl neck, with other lots, for £360, faid Tabor agreeing to maintain the grift-mill, as Church had done, with the agents of the proprietors of Saconet. 23 March, 1696 [B. T. R. i: 96], Major Church was chofen Moderator of Briftol town-meeting, — the laft time his name is mentioned on the records of that town, indicat- ing his removal very foon after to Fall-river; 2 May [^. C. D. i: 290], he depofed that in 1680 he faw Hugh Wood- berry fencing " the nth lot of y*' freeman's land," &c., in Freetown; 27 July [Ibid, ii: 217], he fells, for £18, to John Palmer, carpenter, of Little Compton, 40 acres of land in that town; 3 Auguft [E. P. 87], he was commiflioned to INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. go on the fourth Expedition eaft; 12 Auguft \Ibid. 88], had his inftru6lions, and went out, returning in the Au- tumn. 18 January, m% \B. C. D. iv: 390], Major Church " late of Briflol now of Tiverton"* — fhowing that he had now become a refident of Fall-river — " for natural love " gives to his fon Thomas, of Briftol, feveral parcels of land, with a houfe, &c.; 5 September, 1700 \Ibid. iii: 183], he buys of Jofeph Church of Little Compton for £100, feveral lots of land at Saconet Point; 20 December [Ibid, iii: 291], he buys of Latham Clark, of Newport, for £140, a whole half fhare of the freeman's lot at Freetown. 7 March, 170^ \Ibid. iv: 29], he with others, deeds land in Little Compton to William Hiliard; 10 December, 1701 [Ibid, v: 161], he buys of Henry Head of Little Compton, for £10, land in that town. 27 March, 1702 [Ibid, iv: 17], " in confideration of nat- ural love and affe6lion," he deeds to his fon Edward large tra6ls of land in Briftol, " his houfe on Hope St. & Queen St.," &c. &c.; 7 06lober [Ibid, iv: 37], he buys of John Bayley of Newport, for £40, certain lands in Little Comp- * " His (Col. Church's) dwelling- Annawon St., near Pond St., from 50 houfe ftood between the prefent dwell- to 75 ft. from the former. The late ing-houfe of Col. Richard Borden, and extenfion of the Old Colony and Fall that of his brother Jeflferfon, and re- River R. R. to Newport, pafles diredtlj mained till within 40 years." Fowler's through the premifes. [iJ/6'. letter from Hiji. Sketch of Fall River, p. 19 [A. D. Hon. Jefferfon Borden.] 1841]. This was on the fouth fide of INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. ton; 30 06lober [Ibid. 100], he buys, for £4 10s. of D. Wilcocks of Portfmouth, John Woodman of Little Comp- ton, and Thomas and Roger Cory of Tiverton, lands at Fall-river. 12 Jamiary^ i7o| \Ibid. 67], "Lieut. Col. Church of Tiv- erton, i.e. Fall River, for £3, buys of Conllant Southworth ^ part of land for a Mill at Fall-river, with ^ of faid Fall- river; 16 January \Ibid. 99], he buys of Job Almy, of Tiv- erton, for £7 10^., "one fhare at Fall-river for a mill, &c." 5 February^ lyof [-^- ^-99]? Col. Church w^rote to Gov- ernor Dudley, offering a plan for a fifth Expedition eaft; 18 March, he was commiffioned; 4 May, received his inflruc- tions, and fpent moft of the fummer on this bufinefs; 29 Nov. [i Mafs. Hijt. Coll. ix: 205 j, a Congregational Church was formed in Little Compton which he is believed to have aided to eftablilh, and of which he remained a confiftent member to his death. 20 November^ 1705 \Little Compton Town Records i.]. Col. Church firft appears as if a refident for the fecond time in Little Compton, confenting to changes in the roads for common convenience; 11 April \B. C, D. iv: 415], he deeds to his fon Thomas a part of his Little Compton lands, with 10 cows, 100 fheep, &c.; 20 July \Ibid. v: 100], he deeds to " my onely natural daughter Elizabeth Rofbo- tham, and to my fon-in-law Capt. Jofeph Rolbotham (her now hufband) of Briftol," lands in that town. INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. 5 yune, 1706 \_L. C. T. R. i], he was chofen Reprefenta- tive of Little Compton for the year enfuing. 3 February, lyof [^. C. D. v: 142], "for love, &c." he deeds to his fon Charles the iSth and 19th lots at Little Compton (that on which he built in 1674, with that adjoin- ing it, which, in 1688, he had fecured by exchange with John Roufe), with the buildings, &c. &C.5 12 April, 1707 S^Ibid. v: 214], " for love " &c. he deeds to his fon Conftant (after his own deceafe), the mill fhares and mills in Tiver- ton, with lands in Freetown; 26 April \B. C. D.w 162], " for love " &c. he deeds to his fon Thomas of Briflol, his houfe * (after his deceafe and that of his wife), called " the little farm," containing 120 acres, with other lands; 7 Au- guft \L. C. T. R. i.], he married at Little Compton, William Cuthbert and Mary Head; 18 September \_L. C. T. R. i], the town voted him £18 7^-. out of the town rate for his fervices as Reprefentative. 17 March, 1708 [Z. C. T. R. i.], he married Edward Southworth and Mary Fobes; 24 March \_B. C. D. v: 343], he fold for £30, to Henry Wood, of Newport, land at Little Compton; May, 1708 [L. C. T. R. i.], he married * When he went back to Little Com- The fpot is now owned bj Mr. George pton in 1705, or thereabouts, he built on H. Peckham. It is a little S. of W. the lots which he had long owned juft from the two _ Windmills which ftand fouth of Avjayhojiks's | mile fquare of near together on the road from Saconet referved territory [fee note 12 fojl^. Point to Tiverton, and is perhaps i| His houfe flood back in the field; and miles S. W. in a ftraight line, from the the well, and traces of the cellar remain. Common. INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. John Irifh and (his fifter) Prifcilla Church; 23 June [B. C. D. v: 471; vii: 241], he exchanged with Thomas Burge of Little Compton lands valued at £40; 22 December [Z. C. T. R. i.], he married Amos Sheffield and Sarah . 29 y^anuary, lyof \^B. C. D. v: 463], he buys of John Irifh, for £15, meadow land in Little Compton; 4 April, 1709 [B. C. D.v. 488], at the inftance of the government, he exchanged fome lands in Little Compton, to accommo- date the Indians; 6 September [Z. C. T. R. i.], he was chofen in Little Compton to the Grand Jury. 4 ymtuary, 17 10 [Z. C. T. R. i.], he married John Bailey and Lydia ; 16 May [/did.], he was chofen Repre- fentative of the town in the next General Court ; 28 September [/did.], he married William Shaw and Content Irifh. 24 December, 17 11 [/(5/<^.], he was allowed £13 \s. for his fervices as Reprefentative. 25 December, 1712 \^B. C.D.xn: 462], "for love," &c. he deeds land in Freetown to his daughter and her hufband, Capt. Jofeph Rofbotham; and, fame date, [Ibid. 463] for £100, to the fame parties more land in Freetown. 24 January, 17 if \L. C. T. R. i], he married Samuel Tompkins and Sarah ; 23 February [B. C. D.xn: 583], for £15, he fold to his fon Thomas, of Little Comp- ton, lands in Tiverton; 18 March, 1713 [Z. C. T. R. i.], he was chofen moderator of the town meeting in Little INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. Compton; 25 September \Ibid\ he married William Briggs, jun., and Deborah Church; 16 November \_Ibid\ he married Jonathan Blackman and Sarah . 14 January, 17 1| [B. C. D. vii: 480], "for love" &c., he deeds feveral valuable tracts of land in Little Compton; 25 March, 17 14 \^Ibid. viii: 583], he buys, for £^'Ty 155. lands in Tiverton of Samuel and Mary Snell; 31 March \Ibid. viii: 582], he fells, for £24, to William Wilbor, lands in Little Compton; 18 November [Ibid. 583], for £32 los. he fells to Richard Ward and Lion Arnold of Newport, lands in Pocajfet. 14 Aprils 1 7 15 \^Ibid. ix: 738], w^ith Conftant, he fells land in Freetow^n to Thomas Turner; 7 June \Ibid. 451], for £*6, he fells his fon Thomas land in Little Compton; i November [Z. C. T. R. i.],.he married Peter Taylor and Hannah Wood. During this year alfo he doubtlefs dila- ted to his fon Thomas his " Entertaining Paflages." 8 April, 17 16 [Ibid.^, he married Samuel Coe and Mary Chadw^ick; 13 May \_Ibid.^, he married Jonathan Hilliard and Abigail Wilbor. 3 March, i7iy [^B. C. D.x.: 637], he gave lands in Free- town to his fon Conftant, referving the right to improve them during his life; 20 June, 17 17 [Z. C. T. R. i.], he married William Wilbor and Efther Burges; 11 Septem- ber \^BriJlol Marriages, &c. ii: 23], "Mr. John Sampfon and Mrs. Elizabeth Rofbotham of this town (Briftol) were INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. joined in marriage by Benjamin Church, Efq."; 13 Novem- ber [L. C. T. R. i.], he married (his laft couple) Thomas Tibbets and Elizabeth Wood. The account which was given by Dr. Stiles, on the au- thority of a member of the family, of the old Colonel's death, is as follows : — " the morning before his death, he went about two miles on horfeback to vifit his only [fur- viving?] lifter, Mrs. Irifh, to fympathize with her on the death of her only child. After a friendly and pious vifit, in a moving and affe6ling manner, he took his leave of her, and faid, ' It was a laft farewell ; Telling her, he was per- fuaded he fhould never fee her more; but hoped to meet her in heaven.' Returning homeward, he had not rode above half a mile before his horfe Humbled, and threw him over his head: And the Colonel being exceeding fat and heavy, fell with fuch force that a blood veffel was broken, and the blood gufhed out of his mouth like a torrent. His wife was foon brought to him; he tried but was unable to fpeak to her, and died in about twelve hours. He was car- ried to the grave in great funeral pomp, and was buried under arms, and with military honours." His monument — a huge flat flone laid horizontally over the grave, fupported by ftones under each fide and end, INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. in the graveyard adjoining the Congregational Church in Little Compton — ftill bears the following infcription : — " Here lyetli interred the [body] of the Honourable Col. Benjamin Church, Esq, who departed this life, January the 17, lyig, in y" 78 yeare of his age." The Probate Record of his Eftate, is as follows : — The fifth day of March Administration Granted to Madam Allice Church on the Estate of ColP Benja Church deceased [Bristol Co. Probate Records, iii : 363.] A true Inventory of Estate both Reall & Personall left by the Hon"^" ColP Benja" Church Esq"' Late of Little Compton dec"* Taken by us the subscribers the 5*^day tleb''^ 171 7-18 To his Sword and Belt 05 00 00 To a Cane & Gloves 00 12 00 To Wearing Appai^ell 28 15 op To 2 Gold Rings i? & 3 pair of Buttons i? 10: o all . 02 10 00 To one pair of Plate Buckles 00 15 00 To one Tanker one cup one Porringer & 2 salt sellars plate and seven spoons all w^eighing 42 Ounces 25 00 00 To a Case of knives & forks 00 08 00 To Sundry Books 02 00 00 To land in Tiverton one Six Score acre lot & half being 18 a" [acres] 180 00 00 To Two Gunns 03 00 00 xxxviii INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. To one Bed 3 Blankets one Rug curtains and Vallence & two Pillows and Bedstead &c 24 oo oo To one other Bed Bedstead and 4 Blankets or Cover- lids Two Pillows and Curtains I S 00 00 To one other Bed Bedstead Bolster & 3 Blankets . 1 2 00 00 To 14 pair of Sheets 21 00 00 To nine Pillow cases • 01 16 cx) To two Doz of napkins & Towels 03 12 00 To 4 Table Cloathes 02 00 00 To three Tables 03 10 00 To one Cubboard 03 00 00 To six Chests 02 02 00 To seven Turkey worked chairs 04 02 00 To 16 Wooden Chairs 02 08 00 Puter To 21 plates i 17 o To 7 platters 3' all 04 17 00 To II Basons i 13 00 & 3 Chamber Potts S* ... 02 01 00 Tinn To one Collender one Cauldion & on Tea pott all . 00 03 00 Brass To one Chaffing Dish & one warmingpan . . . . 01 10 00 To two Kettles and one Bellmettell skillet . . . . 06 00 00 Iron To three Potts and one Kettle 01 10 00 To one spit 3 Andirons two pair of Tongs one fire shove two Trammels one hook and one frying pan all 02 02 00 To 8 Keelers S pails 3 Piggins 3 Trayes & one Sugar Box all 02 15 00 To 5 Cheese fatts one churn & 3 Cedar Tubs all . . 02 04 00 To one Mealtrough & Corrill &: one Trav all . . . 00 06 00 To 3 Bags i2f to Earthenware 6' & 13 Glass Bottles 4' all 01 02 00 To two Ropes 6' to 5 old Sythes 5' To 3 old Iron hopps & 3 Iron Boxes 8^ all 00 19 00 To a Bettle and w'edges 6' & 3 Sythe Snaths 3' all . 00 09 00 To 3 hones 6' one Bill hooke & 4 Axes 11' all . . . 00 17 00 To Iron ftetters horse traces one Coller Harnes & old Iron 001400 xxxix INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. One Hmmer & one square oo 08 oo One old Tennant Saw 2 pair of sheers & 2 p'' of Stel- liards 00 oS 00 To one girdle 3 Stirupp Irons & one Lanthorn all . 00 04 00 To three Riddle Sives 3' & 14 old Cask — i 08' all . 01 11 00 To 25 bushells of salt 3' 15' & 2 Cheese pi'csses 8' all 04 03 00 To 2 pair of Spinning Wheels and one pair of Cards 00 10 00 To 2 Barrills of Beef one Barrill of Pork . . . . 05 00 00 To nine Cows 54 00 00 To 4 heifers 20 00 00 To a pair of Oxen 14 00 00 To a pair of Steers 12 00 00 To one Bull 02 10 00 To Seven Two Year old Cattle 21 00 00 To a cart and Wheels 2 Yoaks 2 Chains & Clevis & pin 04 10 00 Two Iron Barrs and one Sledge 01 00 00 To Yarn and flax 03 15 00 To about 25" weight of Cheese 04 00 00 To 13 Bushels of Barley 02 00 00 To 2 old Barrills and Some Beanes 00 10 00 To Twenty Bushells of Oates 02 10 00 To about 40 Bushells of Indian corn 08 00 00 To one Tubb & Pork 04 00 00 To 2 Barrills of Cider if & three empty Cask 6' . . 01 06 00 To one sorild horfs 1 2 00 00 To one black horfs 16 00 00 To the Collafh with the Horfs saddle & Brydle &c . 12 00 00 To one Bay mare 18 00 00 To 2 old ploughs and one Brake 01 05 00 To ten yearling Catde 15 00 00 To 5 Swine 02 10 00 To a looking Glass and hour Glass 00 08 06 To 3 Scivers one pair of tongs & pair of Bellows all . 00 05 06 To one pair of holdsters & an old Portmantle . . . 00 1 2 00 xl INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. To about 15 pound of Butter 00 10 00 To a Negro man Clothing and bedding &c . . . . 60 00 00 To a Negro woman clothing & Bedding &c . . . 40 00 00 To a Servant Boy called William Hood 10 00 00 To John Tomlin 03 00 00 To three rakes and Two pitch forks 00 06 00 To an Iron Bark 01 10 00 To a score of Sheep 06 16 00 To a Clasp Stale pan a pair of Specticles & Inkhorn 00 09 00 To Silver and Gold Buttons 02 02 06 To Cash 02 18 06 To his Right in a Small lott of land Tiverton . . . 05 00 00 This Inventory was taken the day and year above written by us JOHN WOOD ^ THOMAS GREY > Prifers WILLIAAI PABODIE ) [Bristol Co. Probate Records, iii : 381, 382.] To all People to whom these presents Shall come Know Yee that we who are the Children of our Hon*"* ftather ColP Benjamin Church late of Little Compton in the County of Bristol in the Province of the Mafsachuset Bay in New England dec^ Who Dyed Intestate And that the law of this Province doth Provide that all Just Debts & funerall Charges shall be payd out of the Personal) Estate which will be a great Damage to our Hon^*^ Mother Mrs Allice Church who is Administra- trix to said Estate These are therefore to give full power and lawfull Authority to our above named Mother as Administratrix to our above s*^ Hon^** flathers Estate To Bargain Sell Alin & Dispose of all our Right Title Claime or Demand of one Six Score acre lot and one halfe in the Township of Tiverton in pocafet Purchafs the whole lot being the fourteen in num- ber and the half lot being the Thirteenth lot in number which lot and half being mentioned in the Inventory of our s** tlathers estate and is F xli INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. I append here fuch few fcattering genealogical fa6ls in reo^ard to the defcendants of Colonel Church as have come incidentally to my notice, — as materials for whoever may, at any future time, attempt to catalogue the complete defcent from him. BENJAMIN CHURCH,^ b. at Plymouth, 1639, m. 26 Dec. 1667, Alice South worth (b. Duxbury 1646, d. Little Compton 5 Mar. 171I, get. 73), d. 17 Jan. i7if, at Little Compton, R.-L set. 78. They had (i) Thomas,- b. Duxbury, 1674, d. Little Compton, 13 Mar. 1746, ajt. 73; (2) Constant,'^ b. Portsmouth, R.-L 12 May, 1676, d. 26 Mar. 1726? [A\ E. Hist. & Gen Reg. xi : 155.] (3) Benjamin,'' b. 1678 ; (4) Edward,^ b. 1680; (5) Charles," b. 1682, d. Bristol Jan. 1747; (6) Elizabeth,' b. 26 Mar. 1684; (7) Nathaniel,* b. i July 1686, d. 29 Feb. 1687 ; (8) Martha." THOMAS CHURCH,-' m. first, 21 Feb. 169I, Sarah Hayman, had (i) Sarah,'" b. 15 Jan. 1700, d. 29 Aug. 1701 ; (2) Elizabeth," b. 9 Sept. 1703, d. 37 Sept. 1702; (3) Thomas,'- b. 30 Aug. 1704, d. young; m. second, 16 April 1712 Edith, 2d dau. and 4th child of John and Hannah [Timberlake] Woodman [b. 7 Sept. 1685, d. 3 June 1718], had (4) Elizabeth'■^ b. 10 Jan. 1713 ; (5) Hannah" b. 33 Sept. 1714; (6) Priscilla,'^ b. 6 Jan. 1717, d. 15 Mar. 1744; (7) Thomas'" b. May 1718, d. 31 Aug. 1718; m. 1719 third., Sarah ? had (8) Thomas,'^ b. 31 May, 1730, d. 4 July, 1730; (9) Sarah,'* b. 15 May, 1731 ; (10) Thomas,^" b. 13 July, 1733, d. 5 061. 1733; (11) Benja- min,-" b. 9 Sept. 1733, d. 37 Sept. 1733 ; (13) Mary,-^ b. 3 Jan. 1735 ; (13) Thomas,^- b. i Sept. 1737; (14) Benjamin,^ b. 10 Jan. 1733, d. 4 Aug. 1749 ; (15) Mercy,-'* b. 18 Sept. 1734. CONSTANT CHURCH.^ [I have seen no trace of his family, if he had any.] BENJAMIN CHURCH." [It is said died unmarried.] EDWARD CHURCH Mived in Boston, where, before 1764, he had a place of business as vendue-master, on Newbury Street, " two doors south of the sign of the Lamb." He m. Elizabeth ? who d. 18 xliv INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. April, 1766, £Et. 27. He had an only son Benjamin,^ who was proba- bly also a vendue-master, and the father of two sons (one of whom was Dr. Benjamin Church, of Tory memory in the Revolution), and a daugh- ter who m. Mr. Fleming, a stationer. CHARLES CHURCH « was High Sheriff of the County, and Rep- resentative to the General Court; m. 20 May, 1708, Mrs. Hannah Paine of Bristol, had (i) Constant,^ b. 12 Dec. 1708 ; (2) Elizabeth,=^ b. 24 Dec. 1710; (3) Hannah,-^ b. 20 Feb. 171^, d. Jan. 174I. ELIZABETH CHURCH,^ m. first, 1700? Capt. Joseph Ros- BOTHAM of Bristol, had (i) Benjamin,^® b. 21 Dec. 1701 ; (2) Alice,'^ b, 26 Aug. 1704 ; (3) Elizabeth,^^ b, 9 Sept. 1708 ; (4) Hannah,'^ b. 20 June, 171 1 ; m. second, 11 Sept. 171 7, Mr. John Sampson, of Bristol, [d. 12 Jan. i73f]; had (5) John'^ and (6) Elizabeth,''-* (twins) b. 20 Jan. 171I; (7) John,^ b. (at New Haven) 31 May, 1723; m. thirds 18 June, 1739, Capt. Samuel Woodbury. NATHANIEL CHURCH,** [died an infant.] MARTHA CHURCH ^ [I find no trace of her except her signa- ture to the document accompanying the settlement of her father's estate.] SARAH CHURCH,i» m. 29 Apr. 1742, Samuel Bailey of Little Compton, had (i) William,'^'^ b. 25 Aug. 1742, m. 4 Mar. 1770, Sarah Briggs, d. 17 Feb. 1825 ; (2) Samuel,^^ b. 3 Jan. 1744, m. Elizabeth Church ; (3) Francis,^ b. 4 Oa. 1745 ; (4) Ruth,^^ ^ 24 Apr. 1747, d. 6 Dec. 1771 ; (5) Sarah,*" b. 23 Sept. 1749, m. i Mar. 1772, John Man- chester ; (6) George,*^ b. 29 Apr. 1751, d. 27 Mar. 1764 ; (7) Hannah,*^ b. 25 July, 1760. MARY CHURCH,^^ m. 31 Mar. 1748, Aaron Wilbor [3d son and 6th child of John, who was 2d son and 3d child of William, an origi- nal settler], had (i) Sarah,*^ b. 25 Dec. 1748; (2) Benjamin,** b. 22 oa. 1750 ; (3) Aaron,*'' b. June, 1753 ; (4) Francis,*** b. 4 Aug. 1755, d. 15 June, 1844; (5) Thomas,*^ b. 23 Sept. 1756, d. 13 Sept. 1840; (6) John,*-^ b. 4 May, 1762. THOMAS CHURCH,22 m. first, 31 Jan. 1748, Ruth Bailey [youngest dau. and child of William, and so youngest sister of the hus- band of Sarah,'« b. 3 Aug. 1727, d. 31 Jan. 1771], had (i) Constant,*" xlv INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. b. 9 May, 1748; (3) Sarah,^« b. 13 Feb. 1750, d. 17 Nov. 1750; (3) Sarah,^ b. 34 May, 1751 ; (4) Elizabeth,^- ^^ 25 Dec. 1753 ; (5) Benja- min ; ^ (6) Mercy ,« b. Mar. 1756, d. 31 Mar. 1837 ? (7) Thomas,^^ b. 26 Nov. 1757; (8) Obadiah,^" b. 21 Apr. 1759; (9) William,^^ b. 7 May, 1761 ; (10) Charles,^* b. 10 Mar. 1763 ; (11) Francis,^^ b. 19 Dec. 1764 ; (13) Thomas,«'^ b. 3 Mar. 1767; (13) Ruth,«i b. 5 Dec. 1768; (14) Mary 5"^ b. 30 Jan. 1771, d. i Feb. 1771 ; m. second, Mary Richmond, [b. 36 Dec. 1735, 2d dau. and 8th child of William, oldest son of Sylves- ter] ; had (15) George,*^ b. 30 May, 1773 ; (16) Gamaliel,'^ b. i Mar. 1775 ; (17) Mary,<« b. 13 Feb. 1777, d. 17 July, 1777. MERCY CHURCH,^* m. 3 Feb. 1754, Perez Richmond [4th son and 5th child of William, d. 1801], had (i) Sarah,*^b. 24 Aug. 1756 ; m. 27 Apr. 1776, Job Clapp ; (2) Ruth,*^^ b. 6 Sept. 1758 ; (3) Elizabeth,'^ b. 9 Mar. 1760; (4) Thomas,''^ b. 5 Mar. 1764; (5) Benjamin,™ b. 11 July, 1765 ; (6) Anna,'i b. 34 Mar. 1767 ; (7) Mary ,^2 b. 5 Apr. 1770; (8) Charles,''^ b. 9 July, 1773 ; (9) Hannah,^" b. 17 Dec. 1775. CONSTANT CHURCH,''^ m. 20 June, 1771, Kezia Briggs [3d dau. and child of Jeremiah, who was 4th son and child of Job, who was 4th son and 7th child of William, b. 13 Oft. 1751, d. 17 Dec. 1818.], had (i) Ruth,^^ b. 19 Dec. 1771 ; (2) Sarah,^" b. 29 May, 1774; (3) Jere- miah Briggs,^^ b. 33 Jan. 1776; (4) Benjamin,'* b. 23 Jan. 1778, d. 20 Sept. 1778; (5) Kezia," b. 14 Mar. 1780; (6) Charles,** b. 16 Mar. 17S2, d. 14 Sept. 1805 ; (7) Betsey ,«i b. 17 Sept. 1784; (8) Anna,**- b. II Feb. 1787; (9) Constantine,*''' b. 5 Jan. 1789, d. i Nov. 1826; (10) Hannah, « b. 9 Oa. 1781, d. 2 Sept. 1828 ; (11) William, »^ b. 37 Apr. 1795, d. 14 oa. 1796. ELIZABETH CHURCH,^- m. 33 Oct. 1774, Samuel Bailey [b. 3 Jan. 1744, was 2d son and child of Samuel, who m. Sarah'*], had (i) Sarah,»« b. 31 Mar. 1775 ; (2) Cornelius,*^ b. 8 Oa. 1776 ; (3) Ben- jamin,«« b. 18 Aug. 1780; (4) Ruth,*" b. 26 Feb. 1782; (5) Thomas,^ (6) Samuel,"! (twins), b. 6 May, 1785 ; (7) George,"- b. 26 April, 1788 ; (8) Charles,"'^ b. 5 Apr. 1790; (9) Hannah,"* b. i June, 1794. CONSTANT CHURCH,^'« of Bristol, m. 35 Jan. 173I, Mary Rey- nolds, of Bristol, had (i) Peter,"' b. i Dec. 1737; (2) Mary,''^ b. 2 Apr. 1740; (3) Charles,"^ b. 5 Nov. 1743. xlvi INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. PETER CHURCH 9^ [as the records seem to say] m. 22 Mar. 1764, Mrs. Sarah Pales, of Bristol, and, for second wife, Hannah ? had (i) George,** b. i Apr., 1771 ; (2) William,"" b. 5 Apr. 1776; (3) Peter,^'* b. 26 Apr. 1791 ; (4) Hannah,'"^ b. 13 Sept, 1792. This Peter^'^ I suppose to be the Col. Peter, now living in Bristol, whose son, Captain Benjamin, corfimanding a company in the Sth Mich- igan V. M., was killed by a shot through the head, 16 June, 1862, while gallantly leading a charge upon the rebels, in the battle of James Island. \_Stone''s R.-I. in the Rebellion^ 298.] xlvii INTRODUCTORY NOTE. T had been intended to give, in this place, a full ftatiftical ftatement of the condition of New England in population, refources, towns, churches, minifters &c., &c., at the date of the breaking- out of thofe hoftilities which are commonly known as Philip's War; and to add a careful eftimate of the caufes of that ftrife, and the efFe6ls of it upon the Colonies. But the neceffary length of fuch a ftate- ment and eftimate, and the unexpe6led voluminoufnefs of the preceding biographical matter, compels the referva- tion of that hiftorical introdu6lion until the iffue of that remaining portion of thefe " Entertaining PafTages," which has efpecial reference to the Eaftern Expeditions; when it will be given as preliminary to thofe brief ftatements which may be further needful to make clear the caufes and ilTues of thofe later confli6ls. r, xlix INTRODUCTORY NOTE. Meanwhile, the reader who delires to perufe thefe ex- ploits and experiences of Captain Church, with the rnoft intelligent comprehenlion of their relation to the general matters of the war, and the condition of the country at that date, is refpe6tfully referred to the third volume of Dr. Palfrey's " Hiflory of New England," where [pp. 132-239], he will find the moft lucid, careful and truthful expolition of the fubje6t, which has yet been given to the prefs. Entertaining Paflages Relating to m)iW& WAR WHICH Began in the Month of Junc, 1675. AS ALSO OF EXPEDITIONS More lately made Againft the Common Enemy, and ^lltriail Rebels, in the Eaftern Parts of ^etO=([^nglantl : WITH Some Account of the Divine Providence TOWARDS Ben). Church Efqr ; By t. C ~^~ BOSTON: Printed by B. Green, in the Year, i 7 i 6. f TO TH E READER TH E fitbj eH: of this following Narrative offer- ing itfelf to your friendly Perufal ; relates to the Former ajid Later Wars of New-Eng- land, which I my f elf was not a little concerned in : For iii the Year, 1675. that tmhappy and bloody Indian War broke out in Plymouth Colony, where I was then buildiftg, and beginni?tg a Plantation, at a Place called by the Indians Sekonit; and fine e by the Englifh, Lit- tle Compton. / was the firfl Englifh Man that built up07t that Neck, which was full of In6ii2ins. My head and hands were full about Settling a New Plantation, where nothing was brought to ; no preparation of Dwelling Houfe, or Out- Houfing or Fencing made. Horfes and Cattel were to be provided, Groiuid to be clear' d aftd broken up ; and the utter- moft TO THE READER. mojl caution to be u/ed, to keep my felf free from off eliding fny Indian Neighbours all round about me. While I was thus bufily Employed, and all my Time and Strength laid out in this Laborious Undertaking ; I Received a Commiffion from the Government to engage in their Defence. And with my Commiffion I received another heart inclining me to put forth my Strength in Military Service. And through the Grace ofGODI ivas Spirited for that work., and Direc- tion in it was renewed to tne day by day. And althd' many of the Anions that I was concerned in, ivere very Difficult and Dangerous ; yet my felf and thofe that went with me Voluntarily in the Service, had our Lives, for the moff part, wonderfully preferved, by the over-ruling Hand of the Al- mighty, from firff to laff ; zvhich doth aloud befpeak our Praifes : And to declare His Wonderful Works, is our Lndifpenffble Duty. I was ever very fenfible of my ozvn Littlenefs and Unfitnefs, to be imployed in fuch Great Services ; but calling to mind that GOD is STRONG, / Endeavoured to put all my Confidence in Him, and by His Almighty Power zvas carried through every difficult Aflio7i : and my dcfire is that His Name may have the Praife. Lt was ever my Intent having laid my felf under a Solemn promife, that the many and Repeated Favours ofGOD to my felf and thofe with me in the Service, might be publiffied for Generations to come. And now my great Age requiring my D if miff 071 from Service in the Militia, and to put off my Armour ; I am willing that the Great and Glorious works of TO THE READER. of Almighty GOD, to us Childre^i of Meii^JJiould appear to the World ; and having my Minutes by me ; my Son has taken the care and pains to Colleft from them, the Infuing Narrative of many paffages relatijig to the Former and L ater Wars ; which I have had the perufal of and fi7id nothing a-mifs, as to the Truth of it ; and with as little Reflection upon any particular perfo7i as might be, either alive or dead. , And feeing every particle of hiflorical Truth is precious ; I hope the Reader will pafs a favourable Ce^ifure upon an Old Sozildier, telling of the ma7ty Ran-Counters he has had, and yet is come off alive. It is a pleafure to Remember what a great Number of Families in this and the Neighbouring Provinces in New-England did during the War, enjoy a great meafure of L iberty and Peace by the hazardous Sta- tions and Marches of thofe Engaged in Military Exercifes, who were a Wall unto them on this flde and on thatflde. I defire Prayers that I may be enabled Well to accompli/Ji my Spiritual Warfare, and that I may be more than Conquer- otir through JESUS CHRIST loving of me. Benjamin Church. [ I ] Entertaining Paflages Relating to ^|)lltp'6 WAR^ which began in the Year, 1675, With the Proceedings of Benj. Cliurcli Efqr; IN the Year 1674, Mr. Benjamin Church oi Duxbury"^ being providentially at Plymouth in the time of the Court,^ fell into acquaintance with Capt. John Almy'^ of Rhode- IJla7id. Capt. Almy with great im- portunity invited him to ride with him, and view that part of Plymouth Colony that lay next to Rhode-IJlandy 1 See Introdudlion, for fome account of the origin of this ftruggle. 2 See Introdudlorj Memoir, for fadts in the early life of Mr. Church. 3 The "Court of His Majeftie" met at Plymouth 4 March, 3 June, 7 July, and 27 Odlober, in 1674. {^Plymouth Colony Records, vol. v.] * John Almy was in Plymouth, in 1643 ; married Mary, daughter of James Cole ; removed to Portfmouth, R.-I. ; loft a horfe in the fervice of the Rhode- Ifland Colony by " making great expedi- tion " in watching a Dutch man-of-war, for which in 1666 he was paid £7 ; 23 July, 1667, was appointed "Lieftenant" of a "troope of horfe"; 24 July, 1671, was a witnefs of the articles of agree- ment made between the Court of New Plymouth and Awafhonks, Squaw- Sachem of Sogkonate; 14 June, 1676, was appointed, with Mr. Thomas Bor- den, to take an inventory of goods of Thomas Lawton ; died before Nov. 1676, at which time Plymouth Court gave his widow power to adminifter on his eftate within the Colony jurifdiAion. [Savage's Gen. Did. i : 45 ; Rhode-IJl- and Colonial Records, ii : 184, 214, 544; Plym. Col. Rec. v: 75, 212.] [ I ] known then by their Indian Names oiPocaJfet^ & Sogko7tate!^ Among other arguments to perfwade him, he told him, the Soil was very rich, and the Situation pleafant. Perfwades him by all means, to purchafe of the Company fome of the Court grant rights J He accepted his invitation, views the s Now mainly Tiverton, R.-I. ; in- cluding the eaftern ihore of Mount- Hope bay from ^uequechan river (Fall River) on the north to Pachet brook on the fouth. As to the meaning of the name Pocajfet, Mr. Trumbull fays, "A half-dozen good enough etymolo- gies prefent themfelves ; but as I do not know which is right, and have not much confidence in either, I let the name pafs." ® Extending from Pachet brook to the ocean ; now mainly Little Compton, R.-I. Dr. Ulher Parfons fays the word Sogkonate is compounded of Seki^ " black," kojik, " goofe," and the fyl- lable et as a locative ; thus Scki-konk-et, Scconknet, Secoiiet, — equivalent to " black-goofe-place." \^India?i Names of Places in R.-I. p. 5.] But Mr. Trumbull fays: — "If hotick means goofe, why fhould an Indian prefix the adjedlive black, as defcriptive of the only goofe he knew anything about.'' Then Sucki does not mean ' black,' but 'purple,' i.e., black inclining to blue, as we fee it in the inner margin of a quahaug fhell. Then, again, the In- dian never made ufe of what we call names of places, but dej'cribed his lo- calities ; never calling a given fituation ' black-filh ' or ' black-goofe,' and muft have violated the genius of his language to have done fo. Then, further, Sucki-honck, or its plural, Sucki- honck-aog, (for it is hardly probable that one black goofe would defignate the place,) can hardly have been twifted into Sogkonate or Saconet, or (as Pref- ident Stiles writes and marks the name in 1760) Sattconcf." "As to the real meaning of the word," Mr. T. adds, "I am troubled by the embarras de richejfes. It might mean Sokkaiiun-et, — ' the conquered territory ' ; or Sovjan- okquan-et, — 'at the fouth point'; or Sowanolikit \^Eliot, Gen. xxiv. 62 ; Jofh. XV. 19], — 'the fouth country'; either of which might eafily be corrupt- ed into Sauconet. And fo on." ■^ It was a common provifion in the indentures of fervants in the Plymouth Colony, that they fliould have land af- figned them when their term of fervice expired. In 1633-4, '^"d for fuch ufe was fet apart in Scituate. In 1636 the amount of five acres was fixed upon as that which they were to receive. 4 June, 1661, liberty was granted to thofe who were formerly fervants, who have land due them by covenant, to nominate fome perfons to be deputed in their be- half to purchafe a parcel of land for their accommodation at Saconet. Fur- ther order to fecure the right of thefe perfons to take up land at Saconet was made by the Court, 7 June, 1665. 4 July, 1673, the following Court order was [ I ] Country, & was pleafed with it; makes a purchafe,^ fettled pafled : — " Whereas there is a tradte of land graunted to the old fervants, or fuch of them as are not elfewhere fuppljed, Ijing att Saconett, the Court doe de- termine the bounds thereof to be from the bounds of the graunt made to Plym- outh att Punckateefett and the bounds of Dartmouth, and foe all lands fouth- erly Iving between that and the fea ; the Court haue likewife giuen them order, or fuch as thej Ihall appoint, to make purchafe thereof in theire behalfe as oc- cation fhall require, and that all fuch p'fons as haue right vnto the faid graunt as old fervants att Saconett fhall make their appeerance att Plymouth on the twenty fecond of this p'fent July, then and theire to make out theire right, and alfoe pay fuch disburfments as fhall nef- fefarily be required, or otherwife loofe theire right." Agreeably to this order the following 29 perfons appeared at Plymouth, on faid 22 July, viz : Jofiah Winflow, Efq. ; Mr. Conftant Southworth ; Dan- iel Willcox; Hugh Cole (in right of James Cole, fen.) ; Nicolas Wade and John Cufliing, both in right of faid Nicolas Wade ; Thomas Williams ; Benjamitt Church (in right of Richard Bifhop and alfo in right of Richard Beare) ; John Roufe, jr. (in right of Samuel Chandler) ; William Sherman, fen. ; Jofeph Church (in right of John Smalley, and alfo in right of George Vicory) ; John Rogers, jun. (in right of William Tubbs) ; William Merrick ; Martha Dean (in right of Joseph Bee- die) ; Simon Roufe (in right of John Roufe, fen.) ; William Pabodie (in right of Abraham Samfon) ; Edward Fobes (in right of John Fobes) ; John Irilb, jun. (in right of John Irifh, fen.) ; Peter Colomore ; Daniel Hayward (in right of John HayAvard, fen.) ; Jofiah Cook ; John Wafhburne, fen., " as a ^ Firft iffued in 1716, and probably dictated by Col. Church to his fon Thomas not long before that time, it will not feem furprifing that flight in- accuracies fliould occafionally be found in this narrative of what took place more than 40 years before. There is fome evident confufion here. The orig- inal MS. Proprietors' Records prove that Church had bought the rights of Richard Bilhop and Richard Beare to Saconet previous to 22 July, 1673 ; a courfe which he here feems to reprefent himfelf as taking in the following year. on Capt. Almy's urgency. Unlefs the meeting of court to which he refers (fee note 3) was the firft for that year, he muft not only have purchafed thefe rights, but have received his aflignment of lots No. 19 and No. 29, before the viewing the country here referred to. I think, in point of fatJt, he bought the rights on fpeculation, and went down with Capt. Almy to look at his two lots, and liked them fo well as to con- clude to fettle upon them; but became confufed in his memory of the order of events. [ I ] a Farm, found the Gentlemen of the Ifland^ very Civil & obliging. And being himfelf a Perfon of uncommon freeman " ; Thomas Pope ; John Rich- mond (in right of John Price) ; Walter Woodworth (in right of Thomas Si- mons) ; Nathaniel Thomas (in right of Nicolas Preflong) ; Ephraim Tinkham ; Thomas Pinfon; and William Shirt- life. They "proved their rights," and agreed, — 1. That all were equal proprietors of the granted premifes, " that is to fay, to have and pay alike, according to each man's proportion." 2. That all lands on their grant at Saconet that fliall any way become alienated from the Indians, and appro- priated to the EnglilTi, " fhall belong and be to the aforefaid proprietors." 3. That one equal (hare (hall be ap- propriated " to the ufe of the miniftry, and fo to remain fucceflively forever." 4. That no perfon fhall appropriate to himfelf more than tivo /hares at Sa- conet, on penalty of forfeiture to the company of all fuch overplus. 5. That no proprietor Iball alienate any of his land to one " not related to him by affinity or blood," without con- fent of the major part of the company, or their committee. 6. That any proprietor not paying, by the laft of Oftober next, for his part of what might have been purchafed by the laft of September next, with his proportion of charges, fhall forfeit his fhare to the other proprietors. 7. That at any meeting of the com- pany duly warned, the major part of them that fhall appear fhall have full power to adl for all, except to difpofe of any of the lands. 8. That William Pabodie fhall be their clerk. 9. That Mr. Conftant Southworth, William Pabodie, and Nathaniel Thom- as, fhall be a committee to adl for them in purchafing of the Indians, calling meetings, " and fuch other occafions as may concern." Having now authority to extinguifh the Indians' titles at Saconet, the Com- mittee proceeded to the work; 31 July, purchafing of Awafhonks, Squaw-Sa- chem, for £75, the land from Pachet brook on the north, to a landing-place called Toot/ios, and a white-oak tree in Tompe fwamp (in the range of what is now called Taylor's Lane — fee map), on the Ibuth ; with a depth, from the bay on the weft, of one mile inland. There feems, however, to have been a queftion of ownerfhip long unfettled among the Indians ; for in 1662 \^Plym. Col. Rec. iv : 16] Tatacomuncah, and a Squaw-Sa- chem called Namumpam (Weetamoe, of Pocaffet) came to Plymouth with complaints againft Wamfutta, for fell- ing Saconet neck, which was claimed by them. So, to make a fure thing of it, the Committee, i Nov. 1673, re- purchafed of Mamanuah (who could 9 The ifland of Rhode-Ifland; in plain fight acrofs the " Eaft PafTage." 4 [ ^ ] Activity and Induftry, he foon ere6led two buildings upon his Farm, and gain'd a good acquaintance with the Natives: got much into their favour, and was in a Httle time in great efleem among them. The next Spring advancing,^*^ while Mr. Church was dili- gently Settling his new Farm, flocking, leafing & difpofing of his Affairs, and had a fine profpeft of doing no fmall things; and hoping that his good fuccefs would be inviting unto other good Men to become his Neighbours; Behold! the rumour of a War between the EngliJJi and the Na- tives gave check to his proje6ls. People began to be very jealous of the Indimis, and indeed they had no fmall reafon to fufpe6t that they had form'd a defign of War upon the E^igliJJi}^ Mr. Church had it daily fuggefled to him that the Indians were plotting a bloody defign. That Philip the great Mount-hope Sachem was Leader therein: and fo it prov'd, he was fending his MefTengers to all [2] the fhow an agreement, of date ii Mar. the whole number. Benjamin Church 1672, from his brothers Ofomehew and drew Nos. 19 and 29. \^Plym. Col, Pofotoquo, and from Pacuftcheft, Num- Rcc. i: 23, 44; iii : 316; iv: 97; v: pouce, and Joham, who were " nearly 125. Original MS. Records of the related," empowering him to fell), Ofo- Proprietors of Saconet.~\ mehew, Suckqua, and Anumpafh, for ^'^ The fpring of 1675, foon after £35, the fame territory, with a fmall the murder of Saflamon. addition. n The many friendly and Chriftian 10 April, 1674, the company met Indians in their intercourfe with their at Duxbury, divided this land into 32 favage acquaintances came to the knowl- ftiares, and drew lots for them. There edge of many fufpicious circumftances, were 29 proprietors ; Benjamin Church and it was their teftimony as well as and his brother Jofeph had each a double what the fettlers themfelves obferved, right, and the loth lot was agreed upon which now began to excite their solici- as to be "the minifter's lot"; making tude for the future. [ 2 ] Neighbouring Sachems, to ingage them in a Confederacy with him in the War. Among the reft he fent Six Men to AwaJ]io7iks Squaw- Sachem of the Sogkonate Indians/^ to engage her in his Interefts: AwaJIionks fo far Hftened unto them as to call her Subje6ls together, to make a great Dance, which is the cuftom of that Nation when they advife about Mo- mentous Aftairs. But what does Awajlw^iks do, but fends away two of her Men that well underftood the EngliJJi Language {Sajfamon and George^^ by Name) to invite Mr. i'^ A-i-vaJkotiks firft appears 24 July, 1671, when Ihe agrees with Plymouth Court to fubmit herfelf and her people, and to give up their arms. In Auguft following (he affixed her mark to a letter written to Gov. Prince in reference to this agreement. 20 June, 1672, Ihe agreed to fet off fome land in mortgage to Plymouth Court, in fatisfa<5lion of a debt due to Mr. John Almj. 7 May, 1673, fhe is named among Sachems to be treated with by the Rhode-Illand Affembly " to confult and agree of fome way to prevent the extreme excefs of the Indians' drunkennefs." 31 July, 1673, fhe fold a large portion of the ter- ritory claimed by her, to the committee of Saconet proprietors. 7 July, 1674, fhe is complained of at Plymouth Court by Mamanuah, " Chieffe propriator of the lands of Saconett," for " forcably detaining" fome of his land, and hinder- ing him from giving pofTefTion of it to the Englifli to whom he had fold the fame ; and their refpedtive rights to the land were made the fubjeifl of jury trial. to her difcomfiture. 29 May, 1675, fhe had three quarters of a mile fquare fet off to her by the Saconet proprietors, on the fhore immediately fouth of the fouth line of their firfl: purchafe. In July, 1683, Ihe, her daughter Betty, and her fon Peter, were examined at Plym- outh Court on fufpicion of having murdered a child of faid Betty; but were difmiffed for want of proof. Her husband's name was Wetvayevjttt. She had, befides Peter and Betty above named, a fon, William Mommyneivit, who "was put to Grammar fchool and learned Latin, defigned for college, but was feized with the palfy." [Drake's Book of the Indians, 250; I Mafs. Hijl. Coll. x: 114; R.-I. Col. Rec. ii : 4S7; Plym. Col. Rec. v: 75; vi : 113; vii : 191. AIS. Rec. Prop. Saconet.'] ^^ Sajfamoti (^Saujaman) was one of the forty-tAvo Saconet Indians, who, 24 July, 167 1, figned a paper approving the lubmifTion which Azvajhonks had made. George proved himfelf a friend to the Englifh. [Drake's Indian Biog., 250.] [ 2 ] Church to the Dance. Mr. Church upon the Invitation, immediately^* takes with him Charles Hazelto7t^^ his Ten- nants Son, who well underflood the Indiaii Language, and rid down to the Place appointed: Where they found hundreds of Ijidians gathered together from all Parts of her Dominion. AwaJIionks her felf in a foaming Sweat was leading the Dance. But fhe was no fooner fenfible of Mr. Churches arrival, but fhe broke off, fat down, calls her Nobles round her, orders Mr. Church to be invited into her prefence. Complements being paft, and each one tak- ing Seats. She told him. King Philip had fent Six Men of his with two of her People that had been over at Mount-hope}'^ to draw her into a confederacy with him in 1* It would feem to be fettled bj what follows, that this was in the early part of the week preceding the firft outbreak, which would afTign it to 14-17 June, 1675. Blifs {_HtJi. Rehoboth, 75] fays it was on the 15th. 15 I find no trace of this name in the Plymouth Colony at this date. There was a Charles Hazelton at Ipfwich, 1661-6. Probably this "Tennant" might have come from Rhode-Illand. A "Charles Haftleton" was Grand Juror at a Qiiarter Seflions held at Roch- efter, for Rhode-Illand and Providence Plantations, in September, 1688. [Sav- age's Gen. Did. ii : 395 ; R.-I. Col. Rec. iii : 243.] 1** Mount-Hope was the eafy and in- evitable Anglicifm of Alontop {Mon- taup), which was the Indian name of the hill on the eaftern fhore of what is now Briftol, R.-I., fronting Tiverton. Mount-Hope neck included the land running down into the bay, fhaped by Kikemuit river on the eaft and north, and Warren (or Sotvams') river on the weft; being fome nine miles in length by from two miles to one in width, including the prefent towns of Warren and Briftol, R.-I. On this neck were then three Indian villages, — Montaup., near the hill ; Kikemuit., around the fpring of that name ; and Sorvams, on the fpot where the village of Warren now ftands. Sotvams was the chief feat of MalTafoit ; Philip feems to have more identified himfelf with Montaup. [Feffenden's Warreti, R.-I. 13. 27, 65.] The name Montop (^Montaup is better Indian), Mr. Trumbull fays, has pof- fibly loft an initial fyllable. Ontop, or Ontaup, in compound words, means " head," " fummit." If the name, as [ 2 ] a War with the Englifh. Defirlng him to give her his ad- vice in the cafe, and to tell her the Truth whether the Umpame^'^ Men (as Philip had told her) were gathering a great Army to invade Philips Country. He allured her he would tell her the Truth, and give her his befl advice. Then he told her twas but a few days fince he came from Plymouth^ and the EngliJJi were then making no Prepara- tions for War; That he was in Company with the Prin- cipal Gentlemen of the Government, who had no Dif- courfe at all about War; and he believ'd no tho'ts about it^^ He ask'd her whether fhe tho't he would have brought up his Goods to Settle in that Place, if he ap- prehended an entering into War with fo near a Neigh- bour. She feem'd to be fome-what convin'd by his talk, and faid fhe believ'd he fpoke the Truth. Then fhe called for the Mount-hope Men : Who made a formidable appearance, with their Faces Painted, and their Hair Trim'd up in Comb-fafhion, with their Powder- written, nearly reprefents the Indian, iscalledftillby the natives of il/ 75. 78.] 28 Swanfey then included Somerfet, Mafs., and Barrington, R.-I., with a portion of Warren, R.-I., befides the prefent town of Swanfey. [Blifs's Re- hoboth, I.] 29 The man of that name famous in the early controverfies of New Eng- land. *^ Mr. John Brown, father of this Mr. Brown, was a man of great kind- 13 [4] Philip was forc'd to promife them that on the next Lords- Day when the EngliJJt were gone to Meeting they fhould rifle their Houfes, and from that time forward kill their Cattel. Peter delir'd Mr. Church to go and fee his Wife, who was but up the hill;^^ he went and found but few of her People with her. She faid they were all gone, againft her Will to the Dances; and flie much fear'd there would be a War. Mr. Church advis'd her to go to the Ifland^^ and fecure her felf, and thofe that were with her; and fend to the Governour oi Plymouth who flie knew was her friend; and fo left her, refolving to haften to Plymouth, and wait on the Governour: and he was fo expeditious that he was with the Governour early next Morning,^ tho' he waited on fome of the Magifl;rates by the way, who were of the Council of War,^* and alio met him at the nefs of heart, a friend of toleration, ^- Rhode-Ifland. and the firft of the Plymouth magif- ^^ The diftance — making allowance trates who doubted the expediency of for the indiredlnefs of the Indian paths — coercing the people to fupport the min- could not have been lefs, probably, than iftry. Thefe qualities would naturally forty-two miles from Pocaflet, and nearly endear him to Maflafoit, to whom he fifty from Church's houfe at Saconet. was a neighbor, and lead that good old The date of his arrival was Wednefday, chief to give the charge which Philip i6 June, 1675. \_N. E. Hijl. and Gen. mentions, in reference to his family. Reg. -sx : 260.] Mr. James Brown, indeed, feems to ^ The Council of War was a body have inherited his father's difpofition, which was empowered to adl fpecially and it was at his urgent folicitation that on military queftions, and was compofed this letter was fent to promote peace, of the Governor and Affiftants ex officio., [Blifs's /?c//f. Thomas Prentice was born in England in 1620-1 ; came over, 1648-9; fettled in the eafterly part of Cambridge ; was chofen Lieut, of Troopers in 1656, and in 1662 Cap- tain ; was Deputy, 1672 ; was appointed to remove the Natick Indians to Deer Ifland, which he did; fucceeded Maj. Gookin as magiftrate to advife the Chriftian Indians; died 6 July, 1710. There is a tradition that he ferved un- der Cromwell. [Jackfon's H(/i. ofNc^v- t07i, 3S9, 469-475-] 61 Mr. Drake fuppofes his Chriftian name to have been John. \_HiJl. Bojl. i : 403.] In which cafe he was prob- ably that John who lived on Milton hill, who joined the church in Dorchefter, 1640, and petitioned for the incorpora- tion of Milton in 1662. He died in 1678, and left a daughter, who married Rev. Jofeph Belcher, third minifter of Dedham. [////?. of Dorchejler, 120.] 62 Mr. Drake \_HiJi. Boji. i: 403] fuppofes this to be Andrew Belcher (father of Gov. Jonathan), who was now a little more than 28 years of age. 63 Hubbard fays, " killing one Wil- liam Hammond.'''' \^Narrative, 18.] This was probably " Wm. Hammon," whofe mark was aflixed as a witnefs to Philip's quitclaim of the " eight miles fquare " purchafe in Rehoboth, of date 30 March, 1668; who was doubtlefs the fame " William Hamon " who had a daughter Elizabeth born at Rehoboth, 24 Sept. 1661. Savage doubts, be- caufe " this man was of the troop of Capt. Prentifs, which muft, we fuppofe, have chiefly been compofed of volun- [5 ] received a fhot in his knee, and his Horfe was kill'd under him, Mr. Gill was ftruck with a Musket-ball on the fide of his belly; but being clad with a buff Coat^ and fome thicknefs of Paper under it, it never broke his skin. The Troopers were furprized to fee both their Commanders wounded, and wheel'd off. But Mr. Church perfwaded, at length ftorm'd and ftampt, and told them 'twas a fhame to run, and leave a wounded Man there to become a Prey to the barbarous Enemy. For the Pilot yet fat his Horfe, tho' fo maz'd with the Shot, as not to have fenfe to guide him. Mr. Gill feconded him, and offer'd, tho' much dif- enabled, to affift in bringing him off. Mr. Church asked a Stranger who gave them his company in that action, if he would go with him and fetch off the wounded Man: He readily confented, they with Mr. Gill went, but the wounded Man fainted and fell off his Horfe before they came to him ; but Mr. Church and the Stranger difmounted, took up the Man dead, and laid him before Mr. Gill on teers of Cambridge, and the neighbor- in Gardener's Pcquot Warycs as killed ing town of Dedham." But Jackfon in that war, was an anachroniftic ren- \^HiJl. Newt. 471] fays this Hammond, dering of this occurrence. But Gar- here killed, was "not of Cambridge," dener wrote in 1660, — fifteen years be- and Church fays he was the "pilot" of fore this Swanfey skirmilb. [Blifs's the party, (Mather [_Brief Hijiory, 4] Rekoboth, 66 ; Plym. Col. Rcc. viii : 52 ; fays "the Indians Ibot the Pilot who was Gen. Did. ii : 34S; 3 Mafs. Htjl. Coll. directing our Souldiers in their way to iii : 130, 157.] Philip's Country,") who would moft m u ^ ^-loCg military outer garment, naturally be not of the troop, but a refi- with ftiort fleeves, and laced tightly over dent of the neighborhood, familiar with the cheft, made of buffalo-skin, or other the wood-paths and the enemy. Savage thick and elaftic material, worn by fol- further fuggests that the ftory of " Wil- diers in the feventeenth century as a liam Hamman of the Bay," mentioned defenfive covering." — Webjler. [6 ] his Horfe. Mr. Church told the other two, if they would take care of the dead Man, he would go and fetch his Horfe back, which was going off the Caffey^^ toward [6] the Enemy; but before he got over the Caffey he faw the Enemy run to the right into the Neck. He brought back the Horfe, and call'd earneftly and repeatedly to the Army to come over & fight the Enemy; and while he flood calling & perfwading, the skulking Enemy return'd to their old ftand, and all difcharged their Guns at him at one clap, tho' every fhot mifs'd him\ yet one of the Army on the other fide of the river received one of the balls in his foot. Mr. Church now began (no fuccour coming to him) to think it time to retreat: Saying, The Lord have Mercy on us, if fuch a handful of Indians fliall thus dare fuch an Army!^*^ Upon this 'twas immediately refolv'd,^^ and orders were given to March down into the Neck, and having pafled ^ This is a truer fpelling than the weather was fuch, as that nothing could modern " caufeway," iince the word be done againft the enemy; this man came into our language from the French was poffeffed with a ftrong conceit, th-at chaujfee, a way paved with limeftone. God was againft the EngUJh ; where- The road adjacent to the bridge was upon he immediately ran diftradled, and here evidently banked up to give dry fo was returned home a lamentable paffage over the marfh skirting the Spedlacle." IBn'cf Htjiory, 4.] Mr, ftream. Drake, in his late valuable reprint of 66 Mather fays " a Souldier (a ftout Mather, makes it probable that this man) who was fent from ]Vater-to7vti, man's name was William Sherman, jr. feeing the Englijk Guide flain, and [p. 58.] hearingmany profane oaths amongfome ^'' Hubbard fays "the next morn- of our Souldiers (namely thofe Priva- ing " ; which would be Tuefday, 29 teers, who were alfo Volunteers) and June. \_Nan-ative, 18.] confidering the unfeafonablenefs of the [6] the Bridge, and Caffey, the direction was to extend both wings, which being not well headed, by thofe that remain'd in the Center, fome of them miftook their Friends for their Enemies, and made a fire upon them on the right wing, and wounded that noble Heroick Youth Enfign Savage^^ in the thigh; but it happily prov'd but a flefh wound. They Marched''^ until they came to the narrow of the Neck, at a Place called Keekkamuit^ where they ^ Perez Savage, fourth fon of Thom- as, who came in the Planter from Lon- don, April, 1635, was born 17 Feb. 1652, and Avas now, therefore, in his 24th year, though Hubbard calls him "that young Martial Spark fcarce twenty years of age." He was wounded again in the " fwamp fight" in the following December, when he was Lieut, of the fame corps. He went to London in 1690, to carry on trade with Spain ; was taken captive by the Turks and died at Mequinez, in Barbarj', during 1694. Some curious particulars about his wills are mentioned \>y Savage. [G 153. 162; iv: 14, 37; v: 17, 34, etc.] ^^ Matthe-iv Fuller was fon of Ed- ward (who was brother of the famous Dr. Samuel) ; was at Plymouth in 1642 ; went to Barnftable in 1652, and was the firft phyfician there. He was I^ieut. of Barnftable company in 1652 ; Deputy from Barnftable in 1653 ; went Lieut, to Miles Standilh in the Dutch expedi- tion in 1654; was fined 505. for " fpeak- ing reproachfully of the Court, etc.," in 1658; was appointed on the Co-uncil of War the fame year; is fpoken of as Captain in 1670; was chofen " Surjean general " for the Dutch expedition in 1673 ; and evidently was with this ex- pedition in the fame capacity, as, at the Oc5tober Court following thefe firft con- flidls in Philip's war, there was allowed "to Capt. Mathew Fuller, as furjean generall of the forces of this collonie, and for other good fervice, p'fortned in the countryes hehalfe agaitjjl the enemie, in the late expediiiotis, or 26 [ 7 ] ther order concerning the Fort. And with all, an order for Capt. Fuller with Six files to crofs the River to the fide fo much infilled on, and to try if he could get Speech with any of the Pocaffet or Sogko7iate Indians, and that Mr. Chtirch fhould go his Second. Upon the Captains receiv- ing his orders, he ask'd Mr. Church whither he was willing to engage in this interprize : To whom 'twas indeed too agreeable to be declined; tho' he thought the enterprize was hazardous enough, for them to have more Men afiign'd them. Capt. Fuller told him that for his own part he was grown Ancient and heavy, he feared the travel and fatigue would be too much for him. But Mr. Church urged him, and told him, he would chearfully excufe him, his hardfhip and travel, and take that part to himfelf, if he might but go; for he had rather do any thing in the World than ftay there to build the Fort. Then they drew out the Number affigned them and March'd the fame Night™ to the Ferry ,^^ and were tranf- ported to Rhode- I/land, from whence the next Night they which maybe done for the future, as indicate the day of their departure from occation may require, the Court allow- the fort on this expedition, or the day eth him -fs. a day." He died in 1678. of their arrival at Pocaflet; probably [Freeman's H(^. Cape Cod, ii : 324; the former (as moft likely to be noted Savage's Gen. Di<5l. ii : 217; Plym. and reported by the general company). Col. Rec. ii : 37, 45, 50; iii : 17, 24, If fo, then the little band left the fort 55, 150, 153; v: 48, 136, 175.] 7 July, and got acrofs the ferry into ™ Hubbard \^Narrative, 24] fays, Pocaffet on the night of T/iurfday, 8 " Upon thurfday July 7 " [7 July was July. This would fix the date of the Wcdne/day'] Captain Fuller, with Punkatees fight as Friday, 9 July. Captain Church, went into Pocaffet to "^ Briftol ferry; from the lower end feek after the enemy," etc. It is doubt- of Mount-Hope neck to Rhode-Illand, ful whether he means, by this date, to then commonly called Tripp's ferry. 27 [7 ] got a palTage over to PocaJ/et-^idQ"''^ in Rhode-IJland Boats, and concluded there to difpofe themfelves in two Ambuf- cado's before day, hoping to furprize fome of the Enemy by their falHng into one or other of their Ambufments. But Capt. Fullers party being troubled with the Epide- mical plague of luft after Tobacco, muft needs fhrike fire to Smoke it;'^ and thereby difcovered themfelves to a party of the Enemy coming up to them, who immediately fled with great preciptation. This Ambufcado drew off about break of day, perceiv- ing they were difcover'd, the other continued in their Pofl; until the time affigned them, and the light and heat of the Sun rendred their Station both infignificant and trouble- fome, and then return'd, unto the place of Randezvous, where they were acquainted with the other parties difap- pointment, and the occafion of it. Mr. Church calls for the breakfaft he had ordered to be brought over in the Boat: but the Man that had the charge of it confeffed that he was a-fleep when the Boats-men called him, and in hafte came away and never thought of it. It happened that Mr. Church had a few Cakes of Rusk in his Pocket, that Madam Cranjlon (the Governour of Rhode-IJland s Lady^*) gave him, when he came off the Ifland, which he ■^2 Doubtlefs the crofling was done at hood, a common phrafe in the Old Col- what was then a ferry, — since known ony for the adl of ufing tobacco by the as "Rowland's ferry," — where the pipe. Stone bridge now Hands ; the narrow- '* Gov. jfohn Cranjlon feems to eft point of the "Eaft PafTage," or Nar- make his firft appearance upon record raganfett river. as appointed drummer by the General T3 "To fmoke it "was, in my child- Court at Newport, 14 March, 1644, 28 [8] divided among the Company, which was all the Provifions they had. Mr. Church after their flender breakfaft propofed to Capt. Fuller, That he would March in queft of the Enemy, with fuch of the Company as would be willing to March with him; which he complyed with, tho' with a great deal of fcruple, becaufe of his fmall Number, & the extream hazard he forefaw muft attend them.^^ [8] But fome of the Company had refle6led upon Mr. Church, that notwithftanding his talk on the other fide of the River, he had not fhown them any Indians lince they came over. Which now mov'd him to tell them. That if it was their delire to fee Indians, he believ'd he fhould now foon fhew them what they fhould fay was enough. The Number allow'd him foon drew off to him, which could not be many, becaufe their whole Company con- when he muft have been i8; was among reached the rank of Deputy Governor freemen in 1655; was licenfed to prac- at the date fpoken of in the text, but tife phyfic, and had the degree of M.D. Church, diiSlating forty years after, re- conferred on him by the General Affcm- fers to him under the title by which he bly in 1664; was chofen Deputy Gov- was afterwards beft known, [/t"./. Col. ernor in 1672, and ferved alfo in 1673, Jiec. i: 127, 301; ii : 33, 451, 4S1, '76, '77, and '78, in which year Gov. 541, 565; iii : 3, 4, 24; Arnold's Hijl. Arnold died, and he was chofen Gov- li.-I. i: 459; Savage's Gen. Did. i: ernor; ferved as Governor till 12 March, 472.] 1680, when he died in office, aged 54. '^^ Hubbard's account would indicate He was the firft who ever held the place that a daj' and night had been fpent on of Major-General in Rhode-Illand. He the Pocafiet fide, before this propofition married Mary, daughter of Dr. Jere- of Church's took place. \_Narrative, miah Clark of Newport; who after his 24.] Probably he confounded this death married John Stanton, and who with the time fpent on Rhode-IHand. died 7 April, 171 1. Gov. Samuel Church, as a participant, is, of courfe, Cranfton was his fon. He had only the beft witnefs. 29 [8] iifted of no more than Thirty Six.'^ They mov'd towards Sogkonatc, until they came to the brook that runs into Nun- naquohqut Neck,'^ where they difcovered a frefh and plain Track, which they concluded to be from the great Pine Swamp '^ about a Mile from the Road that leads to Sog- konet. Now fays Mr. Church to his Men, If we follow this Track no doubt but we fhall foon fee Indians enough ; they exprefs'd their willingnefs to follow the Track, and mov'd in it, but had not gone far before one of them nar- rowly efcaped being bit with a Rattle-fnake\ '^ And the ■'s "There being not above fifteen with Church." [Hubbard, Narrative, 24.] This would leave twenty-one with Capt. Fuller. But Church afterwards fays there were nineteen with him be- lides his "pilot"; which would indi- cate a nearly equal divifion of the little force. "^"^ Mr. Drake's note would fix the rivulet referred to as " that which emp- ties into the bay nearly a mile fouth- ward from Rowland's ferry"; now, for fome reafon which I have never heard, bearing the ftrange name of" Sin and Flefh brook." I am perfuaded, however, that Nanaquaket brook, which croffes the road to Little Compton, fay a mile and a half further fouth, juft be- fore you reach the fchool-houfe, is that of which Church fpeaks. That " runs in" juft in the angle where Nanaqua- ket neck is joined to the main land, and therefore feems more exacftly defignated by the phrase " that runs into Nunna- quohqut Neck" than one fo much fur- ther removed, emptying into the cove. Moreover, its relative bearing to the fwamp of which Church proceeds to fpeak is nearer to the demand of the text than that of the other. This neck is that promontory in Tiv- erton which Hopes up northward and weftw^ard toward the ifland of Rhode- Ifland, next fouth of the Stone bridge. The name {^Nunnaquahqatt, None- quackety Nanaquaket, ^iiacut, etc.) may have this fenfe : Nunnukque means "dangerous," "unfafe"; whence Nun- nukqtieohke (contradled Nunnukqiiok) would be "an unfafe or dangerous place." The final et is locative, — " at" or " in." ''^ Still there, and diftant about a mile due eaft from the fpot which I fuppofe Church to have now reached. ''"^ Rattlefnakes were formerly abun- dant in New England. Prince fays, (14 Aug. 1632,) " this fummer is very wet and cold, except now and then a hot day or two, which caufes great ftore of musketoes and rattlefnakes." [Ed. 1852, 400.] 30 [8] Woods that the Track lead them through was haunted much with thofe Snakes, which the Httle Company feem'd more to be afraid of than the black Serpents they were in queft of, and therefore bent their courfe another way; to a Place where they thought it probable to find fome of the Enemy. Had they kept the Track to the Pine Swamp they had been certain of meeting Vidians enough; but not fo certain that any of them fhould have return'd to give account how many. Now they pafs'd down into Punkatees'^ Neck; and in their March difcocovered a large Wigwam full of Indian Truck, which the Souldiers were for loading themfelves with; until Mr. Church forbid it; telling them they might expe6l foon to have their hands full, and bufmefs without caring for Plunder. Then croffing the head of the Creek into the Neck, they again difcovered frefh, Indian Tracks, very lately pafs'd before them into the Neck. They then got privately and undifcovered, unto the Fence of Capt. Almy\ Peafe-field,^^ and divided into two Parties, Mr. Church keeping the one Party with himfelf, fent the other with Lake'^'^ that was acquainted with the ground, on the ^ Putikafees neck — fome two miles tion or fignification of the name has in length and one mile in extreme width not been fuggefled. — Ihoots out from the main land of ^^ See note 4. At leaft four fami- Tiverton fouthward and weftward, much lies of Almys now own and till many as Nuntiaquo/iqut neck turns up north- of the fertile acres of this beautiful ward and weftward. It was alio called promontory. Pocaflet neck. The entrance to it is *'- David Lake, or Leake, volun- diretftly weft from the fmall village of teered 10 Aug. 1667, in a troop of Tiverton Four Corners. The deriva- horfe upon Rhode Illand. If this were 31 [9] other fide. Two Indians were foon difcovered coming out of the Peafe-field towards them: When Mr. CImrcJi & thofe that were with him concealed themfelves from them, by falHng flat on the ground : but the other divifion not ufing the fame caution were feen by the Enemy, which occafioned them to run; which when Mr. Church per- ceiv'd, he fliew'd himfelf to them, and call'd, telHng them he defired but to fpeak with them, and would not hurt them. But they run, and Church purfued. The Indians clim'd over a Fence and one of them facing about dif- charged his Piece, but without effe6l on the EngliJJi'. One of the EngliJJi Souldiers ran up to the Fence and fir'd upon him that had difcharged his Piece; and they concluded by the yelling they heard that the Indian was wounded ; but the Indians foon got into the thickets, whence they faw them no more for the prefent. [9] Mr. Church then Marching over a plain piece of Ground where the Woods were very thick on one fide ; order'd his little Company to March at double diftance, to make as big a fliow (if they fhould be difcovered) as might be. But before they faw any body, they were Saluted with a the fame man, he probably — as a refi- net line, (which would be in what is dent of the ifland and familiar with the now Tiverton, where men of the fame neighboring localities — accompanied name now live, upon it,) becaufe he had this expedition as the " pilot," of whom " bin verj ufefull and ferviceable to the Church fpeaks further on. [/?.-/. Col. country in the late warr." Thomas Rec. ii. 218.) Plymouth Colony the Lake — whether his brother, or not, I next year granted to David Lake "three- cannot fay — had a limilar grant, at the fcore acrees " of land eaftward from fame time, of forty acres, [i?.-/. Col. Punchateefet pond and north of Saco- Rcc. ii : 218; Plym. Col. Rec. v: 214.] 32 [9] Volly of fifty or fixty Guns ; feme Bullets came very fur- prizingly near Mr. Churchy who ftarting, look'd behind him, to fee what was become of his Men, expe6ling to have feen half of them dead, but feeing them all upon their Leggs and briskly firing at the Smokes of the Ene- mies Guns, (for that was all that was then to be feen) He Blefs'd God, and called to his Men not to difcharge all their Guns at once, left the Enemy ftiould take the advant- age of fuch an opportunity to run upon them with their Hatches^ Their next Motion was immediately into the Peafe-field. When they came to the Fence Mr. Church bid as many as had not difcharg'd their Guns, to clap under the Fence, and lye clofe, while the other at fome diflance in the Field flood to charge; hoping that if the Enemy fhould creep to the Fence to gain a fhot at thofe that were charg- ing their Guns, they might be furprized by thofe that lay under the Fence. But cafting his Eyes to the fide of the Hill above them;^* the hill feem'd to move, being covered over with Indians, with their bright Guns glittering in the Sun, and running in a circumference with a defign to fur- round them. Seeing fuch Multitudes furrounding him and his little Company; it put him upon thinking what was become of the Boats that were ordered to attend him : And looking ^3 Hatchets, or tomahawks. rifing abruptly toward the ridge of the 8* The bluflf above them ; the peafe- promontory. The hill is not very high, field being near the ibore, and the land yet the flope is fteep. 5 33 [9] up, he fpy'd them a fhore at Sandy-point^^ on the Ifland fide of the River, with a number of Horfe and Foot by them, and wondred what fhould be the occafion; until he was afterwards informed, That the Boats had been over that Morning from the Ifland, and had landed a Party of Men at Fogland^ that were defign'd in Punkatees Neck to fetch off fome Cattel and Horfes, but were Ambufcado'd, and many of them wounded by the Enemy .^'^ Now our Gentlemans Courage and Conduct were both put to the Teft, he incourages his Men; and orders fome to run and take a Wall to fhelter before the Enemy gain'd it. Twas time for them now to think of efcaping if they knew which way. Mr. ChnrcJi orders his Men to ftrip to their white Shirts, that the I/landers might difcover them to be Englifli Men; & then orders Three Guns to be fired diftinft, hoping it might be obferv'd by their friends on the oppofite Shore.^^ The Men that were ordered to take ^5 Probably what is now defignated affaulted by the fame Tudiafis, and one as " McCarry's point," on the Portf- of the five was Capt. C////;-c//c5 Servant, mouth fhore, ratlierthan that now called who had his Leg broke in the Skirmifh, "Sandy point," which is a mile and a the reft hardly efcaping with their lives : half further fouth. this was the firft time that ever any *^ Fogland point is a fpur of land mifchief was done by the Indians upon proje(5ting from the weftern fhore of Pocajfct Neck. Thofe of Road-IJland Punkatees neck, and reaching a third were hereby Alarmed to look to them- of the way acrofs Narraganfett river felves, as well as the reft of the Englifh toward Portfmouth on the ifland of of Plimouth, or the Majfachufets Col- Rhode-Ifland. ony." \^Narrative, 25.] 8' Hubbard fays : " It feems in the ^^ It was probably not over a mile former part of the fame day, five men and a half in a ftraight line, from the coming from Road-IJland, to look up fcene of this fkirmilb to the point acrofs their Cattle upon Pocajfet Neck, were the water where their friends were. 34 [ lo] the Wall, being very hungry, llop'd a while among the Peafe to gather a few, being about four Rod from the Wall ; the Enemy from behind it haifd them with a Shower of Bullets; but foon all but one came tumbling over an old hedge down the bank where Mr. Church and the reft were, and told him that his Brother B. Southworth^'^ who was the Man that was miffing, was kilfd, that they faw him fall; and fo they did indeed fee him fall, but 'twas without a [lo] Shot, and lay no longer than till he had opportunity to clap a Bullet into one of the Enemies Fore- head, and then came running to his Company. The mean- nefs^ of the EngliJIis Powder was now their greatefl mis- ^^ Either this record is wrong in this initial, or Conftant Southworth (note 68) had a fon not down on the records. Savage, Winfor, and Mitchell agree that he had only three fons, (^Ed-^vard, Nathaniel, and William,) and four daughters, befides Alice, who married Church. The earlieft Benjamin on the record of the family was Benjamin, fon of Edward (Conftant's eldeft fon), who was born in i6So, five years after this fight. Edward's age at this date is not known, but, as he had been married in 1669, he may perhaps have been near 30 ; Nathaniel was 27, and William only 16. It feems clear that the peribn here al- luded to was one of Church's brothers- in-law, and it is more probable that the initial "W" or "N" was miiprinted " B," and the blunder pafled uncorredl- ed, than that there was any " B. South- worth," fon of Conftant, elfewhere un- recorded. l^Geii. Diort, R.-I. 1772], South- wick's compofitor here carelefllj dropped out the words " and of the black Rocks to the Southward of them," and Dr. Stiles did not difcover the omiffion ; fo that, as all the fubfequent editions have been reprints of Southwick's, and not of the original, the hint of exadt locality which thej furnifh has hitherto been overlooked. On recently vifiting Punk- atees neck and going carefully over it in order to identify, if poffible, the exa6l fpot where this peafe-field was fituated, I found on the edge of the Ihore the re- mains of an outcropping ledge of foft black flaty rock, which differs fo decid- edly from any other rocks in the vicin- ity, and which — making allowance for the wear of the waves for near 200 years — aniwers fo well to the demand of the text, as to incline me to the judg- ment that they may identify the fpot. If this be fo, the peafe-field muft have been on the weftern Ihore of Punkatees neck, a little north of the jundlure of Fogland point with the main promon- tory, and almoft due eafl: of the north- ern extremity of Fogland point, — which runs up northerly and wefterly as it pufhes over toward Rhode-Ifland ; ly- ing a little north of the range of the Almy burying-ground, which is in the rear of the prefent refidence of Mr. Horace Almy. Whether this be a cor- rect fuppofition or not, the near neigh- borhood of what is ftill called Church's well — a fpring ftoned round like a well, and fending a tiny rivulet down to the fea, a few rods fouth of thefe remains of what were once " black rocks," and almoft oppofite the prefent refidence of Mr. Samuel Almy, at the terminus of the road leading to Fogland ferry — fixes the fceneof the fight with fuflicient accuracy, as being near the jundlure of Fogland point with Punkatees neck. 36 [ lo] Enemy, but to heap up Stones before them, as they did, and ftill bravely and wonderfully defended themfelves, againft all the numbers of the Enemy. At length came over one of the Boats from the Ifland Shore, but the En- emy ply^d their Shot fo warmly to her as made her keep at fome diflance; Mr. Church delired them to fend their Canoo a-fhore to fetch them on board; but no perfwafions, nor arguments could prevail with them to bring their Ca- noo to fhore. Which fome of Mr. Churches Men perceiv- ing, began to cry out, For God^s fake to take them off, for their Ammunition was fpent, &c. Mr. Church being fenlible of the danger of the Enemies hearing their Complaints, and being made acquainted with the weaknefs and fcan- tinefs of their Ammunition, fiercely called to the Boats- mafter, and bid either fend his Canoo a-fhore, or elfe be- gone prefently, or he would fire upon him. Away goes the Boat and leaves them flill to fhift for themfelves. But then another difficulty arofe; the Enemy feeing the Boat leave them, were reanimated & fired thicker & fafler than ever; Upon which fome of the Men that were lighteft of foot, began to talk of attempting an efcape by flight ; until Mr. Church follidly convinced them of the impra6ticablenefs of it ; and incouraged them yet, told them, That he had obferv'-d fo much of the remarkable and wo7tderful Providence of God hitherto prcfcrving them, that incouraged hi^n to believe with 7nuch confidence that Godzuould yet preferve the^n ; that not a hair of their head ffiould fall to the ground ; bid them be Patient, Couragious and Prudently 37 [ " ] /parmg of their Ammunition^ and he made no doiibt but they JJioutd come well off yet^ &c. until his little Army, again re- folve one and all to Itay with, and flick by him. One of them by Mr. Churches order was pitching a flat Stone up an end before him in the Sand, when a Bullet from the Enemy with a full force ftroke the Stone while he was pitching it an end; which put the poor fellow to a mifer- able ftart, till Mr. Church call'd upon him to obferve, How God directed the Bullets that the Ene7ny could not hit him when in the fame place, yet could hit the Stone as it was erected. While they were thus making the beft defence they could againft their numerous Enemies that made the Woods ring with their conftant yelling [ii] and fhout- ing : And Night coming on, fome body told Mr. Church, they fpy'd a Sloop up the River as far as Gold-Ifland^ that feemed to be coming down towards them: He look'd up and told them Succour was now coining, for he believ''d it was Capt. Golding,^^ whom he knew to be a Man for bufi- ^■- Gould IJland is a fmall rocky ill- I. ; at any rate he is dubioufly referred and, perhaps three quarters of a mile to in that connecftion in the R.-I. Colo- due fouth of tlie Stone bridge. It was nial Records for 6 Nov. 1672. He was purchafed of the Indians, 28 Mar. 1657, prefent at the killing of Philip. He by Thomas Gould, of Newport, and married Penelope, daughter of the firft took its name from him, and not, as has Benedict Arnold. Plymouth Colony, been fometimes ftated, from the occur- 1 Nov. 1676, gave Capt. Golding one rence here narrated. [Arnold's Hijl. hundred acres of land, becaufe he "hath R.-I. \ : 266 ; Fowler's HiJl. Sketch of approued himlelfe to be our conftant, Fall River, 9.] reall frind in the late warr, and very of- 93 Capt. Roger Golding (^Golden, ficious and healpfull as occation hath Goulden) was captain of a veflel, and bine, when as our armies and fouldiers feems to have lived in Portfmouth, R.- haue bin in thofe p'tes, and haue had 38 [ " ] nefs\ and would certainly fetch thcrn off^ if he came', the Wind being fair, the VcfTel was foon with them; and Capt. Golding it was. Mr. Church (as foon as they came to Speak one with another) delired him to come to Anchor at fuch a diflance from the Shore that he might veer out his Cable and ride a float., and let flip his Canoo that it might drive afliore', which dire6lions Capt. Golding obferv'd; but the Enemy gave him fuch a warm Salute, that his Sails^ Colour, and Stern were full of Bullet holes. The Canoo came afhore,^* but was fo fmall that fhe would not bare above two Men at a time ; and when two were got aboard, they turn'd her loofe to drive afhore for two more : and the Sloops company kept the Indians in play the while. But when at laft it came to Mr. Churches turn to 0:0 aboard, he had left his Hat and Cutlalh at the Well^^ where he went to drink, when he firft came down; he told his Compan}^, He zuould never go off aiid leave his Hat and Cutlafi for the Indians; they fJwuld never have that to refleH: tipon him. Tho' he was much diflwaded from it, yet he would go fetch them. He put all the Powder he had left into his Gun (and a poor charge it was) and went neffefitie of the tranfportation of our "^ The wind was probably northwefl- men to the faid iland [Rhode-Ifland] erlj, as it is apt to be there on a pleaf- and otherwife very reddy to doe vs ant day, which would be exatStly " fair " good." This land adjoined that of the for Capt. Golding in running down, as Lakes (note 82, ante). \^R.-I. Col. narrated; and which would foon drift a Rcc. ii : 480; Savage, Gen. Di6l. ii. light canoe on fhore. 287; Plym. Col. Rec. v: 214. See alfo ^^ See note 91, ante. I fee no reafon Plym. Col. Rec. v: 242, and vi : 120, to doubt the truftworthinefs of the tra- for further fadts concerning Capt. G.] dition identifying this well. 39 [ " ] prefenting his Gun at the Enemy, until he took up what he went for; at his return he difcharged his Gun at the Enemy to bid them farewel, for that time; but had not Powder enough to carry the Bullet half way to them. Two Bullets from the Enemy fluck the Canoo as he went on Board, one grazed the hair of his Head a little before; another flruck in a fmall Stake that Hood right againft the middle of his Breall. Now this Gentleman with his Army, making in all 20 Men, himfelf, and his Pilot being numbred with them, got all fafe aboard after Six hours ingagement with 300 Indians \ whofe Number we were told afterwards by fome of themfelves. A deliverance which that good Gentleman often mentions to the Glory of God, and His Protecting Prov- idence. The next day^'^ meeting with the reft of their little Company, whom he had left at PocaJJet, (that had alfo a fmall skirmifh with the Indians, and had two Men Wounded) ^^ they return'd to the Mount-hope Garrifon; which Mr. Church us'd to call the loofing Fort. Mr. Church then returning to the Ifland^^ to feek Provifion for the Army, meets with Alderman^ a noted Indian that 9s Friday, 9 July, 1675. ^ Rhode Ifland. 9' Capt. Fuller "either faw or heard ^ Alderman was a fubjefl of Wecta- too many Indians for himfelf and his inoc (note 24), but at the commence- Company to deal with, -which made him ment of the war went to the Governor and them betake themfelves to an of Plymouth, and delired to remain at Houfe near the Water-fide, from whence peace with the Englilh; and now left they were fetched off by a Hoop before Pocaffet for Rhode Ifland in that intent, night to Road- IJland" [Hubbard's It was his bullet that eventually killed Narrative, 24.] Philip. [Drake's Book of the Ind. 226.] 40 [ I^ ] was juft come over from the Squaw Sachems Cape of Pocaffet, having deferted from her, and had brought over his Family: Who gave him an account of the State of the Indians, and where each of the Sagamores head quarters were. Mr. Church then difcours'd with fome who knew the Spot well where the Indians faid Weetamores head quarters were, and offered their Service to Pilot him. With this News he [12] haftned to the Mount-hope Gar- rifon. The Army exprefs'd their readinefs to imbrace fuch an opportunity. All the ableft Souldiers were now immediately drawn off equip'd & difpatch'd upon this defign, under the Com- mand of a certain Officer :^°^ and having March'd about two Miles, viz. until they came to the Cove^*^^ that lyes S. W. from the Mount, where orders was given for an halt. The Commander in Chief told them he thought it proper to take advice before he went any further; called Mr. Church and the Pilot, and ask'd them. How they knew that Philip and alt his Men were not by that time got to Weeta- mores Camp\ or that all her own Me7i were not by that time return'- d to her again ? With many more frightful queflions. Mr. Church told him, they had acquainted him with as much as they knew, and that for his part he could i<^ Hubbard fays, Church borrowed i°i Now called Mount Cove. They " three files of Men of Capt. Henchman were, no doubt, on their way to Briftol with his Lieutenant:" this Lieutenant ferry — then called Tripp's ferry [7?.-/. was doubtlefs, then, the officer in com- Col. Rec. iii : 535] — to crofs to Rhode- mand. Fortunately for his memory Ifland, and thence, over Rowland's fer- his name was not defignated. \_Nar- ry, to Pocaffet, whence it would be a raiive, 25.] little over fix miles to " the Fall River." 6 41 [ 12 ] difcover nothing that need to difcourage them from Proceed- ing, that he thought it fo prafiicable, that he with the Pilot would willingly lead the way to the Spot and hazard the brunt. But the Chief Commander inlifted on this, That the Enetnies number were fo great, and he did 7iot know what numbers more might be added unto them, by that time : And his Company fo fmall, that he could not think it practi- cable to attack them. Added moreover, That if he was fure of killing all the Enemy, and knew that he niufl lofe the Life of one of his Men in the action, he would not attempt it. Pray Sir, then (Reply'd Mr. Church^ Pleafe to lead^^'^ your Com-pany to yo7ider Wijidmill on Rhode-Ifland, and there they will be out of danger of being kiltd by the Enemy, and we fJiall have Icfs trouble to ftipply them with Provifions. But return he would, and did, unto the Garrifon until more flrength came to them : And a Sloop to tranfport them to the Fall River,^*^^ in order to vifit Weetamores i°2 The abfence of water power on now abforbed this fall ; fo that the vifitor the Ifland led, as early as 1663, to the muft fearch for what was once the mod erection of windmills for grinding corn ; prominent feature of the locality, and feveral eminences in the town of Fowler fays, the word ^ucquechan Portfmouth are now crowned with them, fignifies "falling water," or " quick- which may be feen from far. [Arnold's running water ; " but Mr. Trumbull Hiji. R.-I. i : 370.] fays, " CJ/ekce, or Ckeche, alone, or in i"3 ^uequec/ian River — the outlet of compofition, means 'violent,' 'forcible,' Watuppa Pond — was about two miles and is fometimes applied to running long and lefs than one rod in width, water, as it is to ' that which fweeps and when within 150 rods of tide-water away,' e. g. chck/ii/atnk, ' a broom ' or it fuddenly defcended 132 feet to meet 'befom,' and c/ie'k-c/u 'the northweft it. It took naturally, therefore, the wind.' I do not think, however, that name of " the fall of the river," or Fall it is found in ^uequechaii, and clearly River. The various factories have not unlefs the lafl part of the name — 42 [ 12 ] Camp. Mr. CJuirch, one Baxter^^ and Capt. Himter^'^^ an Indian, profer'd to go out on the difcovery on the left Wing ; which was accepted ; they had not March'd above a quarter of a Mile before they llarted Three of the Enemy. Capt. Hunter wounded one of them in his knee, whom when he came up he difcovered to be his near kinfman; the Captive delired favour for his Squaw, if fhe fhould fall into their hands, but ask'd none for himfelf, excepting the liberty of taking a Whiff of Tobacco, and while he was taking his Whiff, his kinfman with one blow of his Hatchet difpatchM him. Proceeding to Weetamores Camp,^*^*^ they were difcover'd by one of the Enemy, who fignifying ' water,' 'ftream,' or fome- thing of the kind — has been loft." [Fowler's Hijl. Sketch, Fall River, 27.] 1"* Thomas Baxter, bricklayer, of Yarmouth, 5 March, 1671-2, was ac- cufed of '* mifdemeanor att the meet- ing-houfe att Yarmouth ; " and, again, of entering Edward Sturgis's houfe on Lord's Day, 11 April, 1675, and ftealing from the fame ; but was cleared on both charges : he was alfo one of 30 foldiers " that were preffed into the country's fervice, and went to Mount-Hope againft our enemies the Indians, in the year 1675, and took their firft march June 24." He was wounded in the war, and £20 were allowed him by the Ply- mouth Court, 10 July, 1677, as a "maim- ed fouldier, whoe hath loft the vfe of one of his hands in the time hee was in the countryes fervice." I have met with no record of any other of the name as being in this war, and prefume this ref- erence to be to him. {^Plym. Col. Rec. V : 87, 168, 239 ; Freeman's Hift. Cafe Cod, ii : 193.] ^^^ Capt. Hunter appears to have been a Chriftianized Nipinuk Indian. On the 6th of July — two days before the fight in Almy's peafe-field — Capt. Johnfon, on the order of the Governor and Council of Mafl"achufetts, had con- duced a body of " about 52 " Praying Indians (being one-third part of their able-bodied men) to the army at Mount- Hope. Among them was John Hunter, who, on his return, had a reward given him for his faithfulnefs ; he bringing back with him a fcalp ; that, no doubt, of the Indian referred to in the text. \_Tra71fadlions Anicr. Autiqtiarian So- ciety, ii: 442, 444.] 1'^^ This feems to have been fitua- ted on the northern fide of what is now called Pocaftet Cedar Swamp ; perhaps two miles and a half Ibuth of the city 43 [ 13 ] ran in and gave Information; upon which a lufty Young Fellow left his Meat upon his Spit, running haftily out told his companions, he would kill an EngliJJi man before he eat his dinner', but faiPd of his delign, being no fooner out but fhot down. The Enemies fires, and what Ihelter they had was by the Edge of a thick Cedar Swamp, into which on this Alarm they betook themfelves; and the Englifh as nimbly purfued; but were foon commanded back by their Chieftain after they were come within hear- ing of the Crys of their Women, and Children, and fo ended that Exploit.^'^^ But returning to their Sloop the Enemy purfued them and wounded two of their Men. The next day returned to the Mount-hope Garrifon. [13] Soon after this,^°^ was Philips head Quarters vifited by fome other EngliJJi Forces ; but Philip and his gang had the very fortune to efcape that Weetamore and hers (but now mentioned) had: they took into a Swamp and their purfuers were commanded back. After this^*^ Dart- of Fall River, and lying between South thought they had him hemmed in Watuppa Pond and the hights which there, and fo the Plymouth forces and look down on Mount-Hope Bay. Capt. Henchman with loo foot, were 10^ Hubbard fays, "wherein fome few left to "attend the Enemies motion, of them [the Indians] fourteen or fif- being judged fufficient for that end." teen were ilain." \^Narrative, 25.] One night, however, " in the end of 1'^^ Hubbard fays that our forces went yufy" Philip and his warriors either to Rehoboth on Friday, 15 July (15 waded acrofs Taunton river, at a very July was Thur/day), next day to Mat- low tide, or got over on rafts, and ef- tapoifett, and next day to Taunton. caped to the Niptnuk Country. {^Nar- July 18 (Hubbard calls it "Munday," rative, 25-27.] Fowler \_H(/l. Sketch, but the iSth was Sunday; fo that they Fall River, 10] fays they croffed juft probably ftarted on the 19th) they above where Fall River now (lands, marched 18 miles, and attacked Philip ^'''^ Dartmouth feems to have been " in the great fwampe upon Pocajet deftroyed by the Indians in the latter neck, of feven miles long." They half of July. 44 [ 13 ] mouths diflreffes required Succour, great Part of the Town being laid defolate, and many of the Inhabitants kill'd; the moft of Plymouth Forces were order'd thither: And com- ing to RuJJels Garrifon at Poiieganfet^^^ they met with a Number of the Enemy that had furrendred themfelves Prifoners on terms promifed by Capt. Ecls^^^ of the Garri- fon; and Ralph Earl^^ that perfwaded them (by a friend India7t he had employed) to come in. And had their promifes to the Indians been kept, and the Indians farely treated, 'tis probable that moft if not all the Indians in thofe Parts, had foon followed the Example of thofe that had now furrendred themfelves; which would have been a good flep towards finifhing the War. But in fpite of all that Capt. Eels^ Churchy or Earl could fay, argue, plead, or beg, fome body elfe that had more Power in their hands 11" The Apponcganfctt River (or eight children, Rev. Nathaniel, of Scit- cove) is the fecond cove making up uate. \^HiJl. Dorchejier, 51 ; Deane's from Buzzard's Bay weft and fouth of Scituate, 197; Barry's ^rtwot'cr, 301.] New-Bedford harbor. Faint traces i^- Ralph Earl appears to have been of the cellar of this garrifon-houfe fon of Ralph, of Portfmouth, R.-I., and might lately be feen, near a fpring on to have removed to Dartmouth in con- the eaft bank of this river, about a mile fequence of the gift to him of "half a from its mouth. John Ruflell was one fhare in Coaxit and AcuHinet " by of the earlieft fettlers of Dartmouth. Francis Sprague of Duxbury, who calls [Ricketfon's Hijl. New Bedford, 15, him "fon-in-law." He was fined, 29 35) 154-] OS.. 1668, 55, for "aftronting the con- 111 Capt. Samuel Eclls feems to have ftable " of Dartmouth. He was himfelf been the fon of John, of Dorchefter. conftable in 1670. I am forry to add He was baptized at Dorchefter, 3 May, that a perfon of that name was fined 1640. He "commanded a garrifon at 205, at Plymouth, 5 0(5t., 1663, for Dartmouth, Mafs., in Philip's war," " drawing his wife in an vnciuell man- married Anna, daughter of Rev. Robert or on the fnow." [Savage's Gen. Did. Lenthal of Weymouth, and died in ii : 91 ; Ply7n. Col. Rec. iv : 47 ; v : 10, Hingham in 1709; leaving, among 36.] 45 [ 13 ] improv'd it; and without any regard to the promifes made them on their furrendring themfelves, they were carry'd away to Plymotith, there fold, and tranfported out of the Country; being about Eight-fcore Perfons."^ An a6lion fo 11* The following I take to be the order of the Council of war upon this cafe, 4 Aug., 1675, which hints the light in which the government viewed the matter : — " In reference vnto a companie of " natiues now in coftodj, brought in to " Plymouth, being men, weomen, and *' children, in number one hundred and " twelue, vpon ferioufe and deliberate "confideration and agitation conferning " them, the conclufion is as followeth : " that wheras, vpon examination, it is " found that feuerall of them haue bine " a(5tors in the late rifing and warr of *' the Indians againft vs, and the reft " compilers with them therein, which " they haue done contrary to engage- " nient and couenant made and plighted "with this collonie, which they haue " p'fidioufly broken, as appeereth fur- " ther alfoe in that they did not dif- '* couer that p'nifious plott which Phillip, " with others, completed againft vs, "which hath caufed the deftrudlion of " feuerall of vs, by lofle of Hues and " eftates, and ftill held in danger " therby, the p'mifes confidered as " aforefaid, the councell adjudged them " to be fold, and denoted vnto fervi- " tude, excepting fome few of them, " which, vpon fpeciall confideration, " are to be otherwife difpofed of, and " the Treafurer is appointed by the "councell to make fale of them in the " countryes behalfe." On the fecond of September follow- ing, fimilar adlion was taken in the cafe of " a certaine p'fell of Indians lately come in to Sandwich in a fub- mifliue way to this collonie." They were adjudged to be " in the fame con- dition of rebellion," and " condemned vnto p'petuall fervitude." There were 57 of thefe, which, added to the former 112, made 169; not far from Church's eight fcore. Thacher, under date of 0(5t. 4, 1765, fays, " one hundred and feventy-eight [Indians] had recently been shipped on board of Captain Sprague, for Cadiz"; unqueftionably referring to this fame melancholy mil- judgment. It is eflential to the proper underftanding of fuch a tranfa(5tion as this, that the general cuftom and feeling of the time ftiould be confidered. A very curious document has been pre- ferved, of date 14 Aug., 1676, ftiowing that Roger Williams was chairman of a committee in Rhode-Ifland to difpofe of fome Indian captives whom i/icy had taken. All under 5 years of age were fold to ferve till they were 30; all be- tween 5 and 10, till 28; all between 10 and 15, till 27; all between 15 and 20, till 26 ; all between 20 and 30 were to ferve S years ; all above 30, 7 years. Judge Staples fays that, in moft in- ftances, Indian prifoners "were fent out of the country and fold for flaves for life." \^Plyi?i. Col. Rec. v: 173, 174; Hift. Plym. 136 ; /?.-/. Hijl. Coll. v : 170.] 46 [ 13 ] hateful to Mr. Church, that he oppof 'd it to the lofs of the good Will and Refpe6ls of fome that before were his good Friends. But while thefe things were a6ting at Dart- mouth, Philip made his efcape, leaving his Country, fled over Tau7iton-K\vQv, and Rehodoth-Y^l^.m^^'^ and Petuxet- River/^^ where Capt. Ed7nunds oi Provideiice^^^ made fome fpoil upon; and had probably done more, but was pre- vented by the coming up of a Superiour Officer,^^" that put him by. And now another Fort was built at PocaJJet^^^ 11* Seekonk Plain. 11^ See note loS, ante. Pawtucket and Pawtuxet should not be confounded, as they are different names. Pauftick-et is " at the falls of the river; " Pautuxet (^Pautuck-efe-ef) introduces a diminu- tive, i. e. " at the little falls of the river." The river referred to in the text is now called the Blackftone. ii*^ Caft. Afidrezv Edmu7tds (^Ed- monds or Edmatids) was of Providence, and married Mary, dau, of Benj. Iler- endean. 14 0(5l., 1675; 7 Aug., 1676 the R.-I. Aflembly voted him and his com^ pany one-half of the money accruing from the fale of 35 Indians "brought in by them ; " 17 June, 1684 he ferved on a Coroner's Jury on the death of John Miller of Rehoboth; 25 Dec, 16S9 Plymouth Court ordered him 205. a week for his fervice in the Eaftern Ex- pedition, and, by vote of 3 March, 1690, the Rhode-Ifland Aflembly added £6 to it. He died previous to 1696, having had five children. His widow was allowed to keep the ferry over See- konk river. [Savage's Gen. Did. ii : loi ; R.-I. Col. Rec. ii : 549; iii : 263, 277, 2S0, 313; Plym. Col. Rec. vi : 143, 229.] 11' Hubbard names Capt. Henchman in this connec5tion, and adds " what the reafon was why Philip was followed no further, it is better to fufpend, then too critically to inquire." The infer- ence, taken with what Church fays, is that Henchman was the man on whom the blame refted. \_Narrative, 28.] The Rev. Noah Newman of Rehoboth was very efficient and ufelul in this aflault on the retreating Philip. [Blifs's Rehoboth, 87.] 11^ Capt. Cudworth urged this. He wrote to Gov. Winflow, 20 July, 1675, from Mount-Hope Neck, faying " Now that which we confider to be befl, is to maintain our garrifon, though but with twenty men, and that there be another garrifon at Pocajfct ; and to have a fly- ing army, to be in motion" (doubtlefs with thefe points as its bafe) "to keep the Indians from deftroying our cattle, and fetching in fupply of food ; which being attended, will bring them to great ftraights, &c." [i Mafs. Hijl. Coll. vi : 85.] I have not been able to identify 47 [ '3 ] that prov'd as troublefome and chargeable as that at Mount-hope\ and the remainder of the Summer was im- prov'd in providing for the Forts and Forces there main- tained, while our Enemies were fled fome hundreds of Miles into the Country, near as far as Albajiy. And now llrong Sufpicions began to arife of the Narraganfet In- dians^^^ that they were ill affected, and defigned mifchief; and fo the event foon difcovered. The next Winter they began their Hoftilities, upon the Engli/Ji}^^ The United Colonies then agreed to fent an Army to fupprefs them : ^^^ the fite of this Pocaflet garrifon, but fuppofe it to have been within the pref- ent citj-limits of Fall River. 11^ The Narraga7ifctt Indians maj be generally defcribed as having occupied the lower half of what is now the main land of the State of Rhode-Iiland, in- cluding the whole of Wafhington, with the lower portion of Kent Counties. [Gookin, i Mafs. Hijl. Coll. i : 147 ; R.- I. HiJl. Coll. iii: i.] With regard to the fignificance of this name, concern- ing which various fuggeftions have been made, (Drake's Book of the In- dians, 87, note,') Mr. Trumbull quotes Roger Williams : " I was within a pole of it, but could not learn why it was called Nahigaiifet" and fays, " to whom I have nothing to add." 1*^ From the date of Philip's efcape acrofsTaunton River (i Aug.), hoftilities had been in progrefs. Mendon fettlers fell firft. Early in Auguft, ^uaboag (Brookfield) was deftroyed. About the firft of September, Deerfield was burned. Soon after, Squakeag (Northfield) was affaulted, and the majority of Capt Beers's party, going to its relief, killed. Early in October, Springfield was at- tacked, and 32 houfes fired. A few days later, 19 Odt., Hatfield was affailed. The Narraganfetts fheltered the women of the warrior Indians, and guns were found among them which had been taken from Beers's men; fo that they were judged to be in complicity wjth Philip. [Hubbard's Narrative, 32-42, 48 ; Holmes's Annals, i : 372-375 ; Hoyt's Indian Wars, 99-112.] 1-1 The Commiffioners of the United Colonies wrote from Bofton, 12 Nov., 1675, to Rhode-Ifland, on this fubje(5t, as follows : " Findeing that y* Narrigan- fets under pretence of freindfliip haue bine and are very fals and perfideoufe, holdeing as is reported to us great Cor- rifpondency with the Enemy that are in more open hoftillity receiveing, releeving, and Contrary to their Cove- nant detayneing many of the Enemy men, women, and children to their great advantage and our prejudife, and [ 13 ] Governour Winjlow^"^" to command the Army. He under- taking the Expedition, invited Mr. CJmrch to command a Company in the Expedition; which he decHn'd, craving excufe from taking Commiffion, he promifed to wait upon him as a Reformado^''-^ thro' the Expedition. Having rid with the General to Bojloii^'^^ and from thence to ReJio- both. Upon the Generals requeft he went thence the near- eft way over the Ferries, with Major Smitk^'^ to his by many other infolencejs declaering their Enmity, and that indeed they are and are like to bee the very randivoufe, and feat of the warr, it hath drawne us to refolue to rayfe looo men in the Con- foederate Coloneys befides them alredy in paye, to bee improved there or as the providence of God may dire6l to reduce them to reafon ; And therefore judge it neceflary to advife you of our intents in that refpedl, to intent that you may not only take cair of your fronteer places, but afforde fo[me] addition to our numbers, and giue us fuch afiftance by your floopes and vef- fells as wee may ftand in need of, &c." The new levy was proportioned thus : Mafs. 527, Plym. 158, Conn. 315 = 1000. The a(5lual attendance of troops feems to have been, as follows : from Mafs. 465 foot (in fix companies) and 75 horfe = 540 men; from Plymouth 158 men (in two companies) ; from Conn. 450 men (in five companies) ; making a total of 1 148 men from the Confeder- ate Colonies. Befides thefe, a " confid- erable number" of recruits joined the expedition from the Rhode-Illand Colo- ny. The Army was under command of Gen. Jofias Winflow. The Mafs. troops were officered by Maj. Appleton and Capts. Mofely, Davenport, Gard- ner, Oliver, Johnfon, and Prentice ; the Plymouth, by Maj. Bradford and Capt. Gorham ; and the Conn, by Maj. Treat and Capts. Seely, Gallup, Mafon, Watts, and Marlhall. A partial lift of the names of the Mafs. men has been publilbed. \_Plym. Col. Rec, x: 365, 45S; Barry's Hiji. Mafs. i: 426; Trumbull's HiJl. Conn, i : 337 ; Arnold's HiJl. R.-I. i: 403; N. E. Gen. Reg. viii : 241.] 1-2 See note 20, ante. 123 '■'■ Reformado., a reformed Officer, or one whofe Company, or Troop, is fupprefled in a Reform, and he con- tinued either in whole, or half Pay, he doing Duty in the Regiment. In a Ihip of war, a Gentleman who ferves as a Voluntier, in order to gain Experience, and fucceed the principal Officers. " [Bailey.] 12* As Church's home at Saconet was temporarily broken up, he would feem to have been, in this interval, with his friends at Plymouth, or Duxbury. 125 Richard Smith, jr., was the fon of Richard, "who left faire PofleflTions in Glofter Shire" Eng., and was one 49 [ H ] Garrifon in the Narraganfet Cojintry}'^^ to prepare and provide for the coming of General Wmjloiv^ who March'd round thro' the Country with his Army, propoling by Night to furprize Pumham (a certain Narragmtfet Sachem) and his Town;^^" but being aware of the approach of [14] our of the firfl: fettlers of Taunton, and went to Wickford, R.-I., about 1641, "for his confcience fake (many differences arif- ing) " ; where he built a block-houfe on the great Pequot road, on the fite where the Updike houfe (lands, or lately ftood, a little to the north of Wickford Hill, in No. Kingftown, R.-I. He was mixed up in the confliiTt of jurifdicftion between Rhode-Ifland and Connedlicut, and was appointed Conftable of Wick- ford by Conn, in 1663 ; was put under bonds in £400 to anfwer to R.-I. in 1664; 28 Dec, 1665 appears as witnefs in the Warwick " acquittance"; is faid to have been one of Andros's Coun- cil in 1686; was appointed by Andros in that year Juftice of the Peace and " Sergeant-major and chief Commander of his Majefty's militia both of horfe and foot within the Narraganfett Coun- try, or Province, and all the Iflands"; died before 1692, when his will was proved, mentioning no wife nor chil- dren. Church calls him " Major" now, although he does not appear to have been fo until fome years after this date. [7?.-/. Hijl. Coll. iii : 32, 166, 271 ; R.-I. Col. Rec. iii : 198; Arnold's HiJl. R.-I. i : 283, 305, 307, 484.] i-« Afluming that by "Rehoboth" here is meant Myles's Garrifon (fee note 44, ante), the " neareft way over the Ferries" thence to Smith's block- houfe, would feem to have been through Mount-hope neck to Briftol ferry, thence down Rhode-Ifland to Newport, thence over by ferry to Conanicut, and thence by ftill another ferry to Wick- ford ; — a diftance which I eftimate as a little over 30 miles. The ferries from Newport to Jameftown and from Jamef- town to Narraganfett were not indeed formally eftablilhed by the Aflembly until 1700, but they had doubtleis been running for many years as an irrefpon- fible individual enterprife. It is poffible that this diftance might, at the date to which the text refers, have been mate- rially ftiortened by a route from Briftol Ferry to Prudence, and from thence to Wickford ; the latter a diftance of 5 or 6 miles by water. The remark about "fair winds" which follows, perhaps favors this latter fuppofition ; and, at any rate, feems to fettle it that Church did not go round by Seekonk, Provi- dence, Pawtuxet and Apponaug Ferries, — neither of which was wide enough to make a fair wind of much confequence in crofting. This latter was clearly how- ever the route of the army, who made a detour from it in the vain hope of catching Pumham at his village in Wai-wick. [/?.-/. Col. Rcc. iii : 406, 415-] I-'? Pumham (^Pomham) was Sachem of Shaixjomet {S/iaomet), the neck that 50 [ H] Army made their efcape into the defarts. But Mr. Church meeting with fair Winds arriv'd fafe at the Major's Garri- fon in the evening.^^^ And foon began to inquire after the Enemies Reforts, Wigwams or Sleeping Places; and having gain'd fome intelligence, he propofed to the Eldriges}'^ and fome other brisk hands, that he met with, to attempt the Surprizing of fome of the Enemy to make a Prefent of to the General, when he fhould arrive: which might ad- vantage his defign; being brisk blades, they readily com- ply'd with the motion, and were foon upon their March. The Night was very cold, but blefs'd with the Moon\ before the day broke they effe6led their exploit, and by the rifmg of the Sun arrived at the Major's Garrifon, where they met the General and prefented him with Eigh- teen of the Enemy, they had Captiv'd. The General projedls into Narraganfett Bay, having in Wickford, R.-I., in 1670; as is proven Providence River on the eaft, and Cow- by their names attached to a coroner's efet Bay on the fouth and weft, it being jury verdid, dated July 14, of that year, the eaftern portion of the town of War- In 1679, the names of John and Samuel wick, R.-I. The name is perhaps from are attached to a petition to the king. pimmu, "he Ihoots"; ptimivaen, pum- In 1692, Thomas was Lieui., and John, muaeti, " one who fhoots." With re- Ensign ; and in 1702, Daniel was C(r/>- dupUcative—pe-pumzvaen, "an arch- iain. Samuel was Conftable under ap- er" (Eliot). Or perhaps, from /«w«/o//- pointment of Conn, in the boundary /lam, "he goes by water" (goes in troubles of 1670, qnd thereabouts, and boats). Eliot ufes the derivative, /?/;«- was committed to jail by the R.-I. au- ,noAAamtvaenuoo- (pi.) for " mariners " thorities for attempting to ac't for Conn. (Jonah, i: 5.). The pofition of the Sha- in an arreft for murder. Savage fug- omet or Warwick Indians favors this gefts that Samuel (of Cambridge m etymology. 1646) was the father of at leaft iome of i'!« The evening of Saturday, II Dec, them, adding that Samuel (the fon) 1675. [i?.-/. Hiyi. Coll. iii : 83.] was at Rochefter in 168S. [i?.-/. Col. ^■■^ There were three Eldridges (or Rec. ii : 344; "' = 60, 287, 461; R-I- Eldreds), Samuel, James, and Thomas, IHJl. Coll. iii : 1% ' Gen. Did. n : 107.] 51 [ H ] pleas'd with the exploit, gave them thanks, particularly to Mr. Churchy the mover and chief a6lor of the bufmefs; and fending two of them (likely Boys) a prefent to BoJlon\ fmiling on Mr. Churchy told him, That he made no doubt but his Faculty would fupply them with Indian Boys enotcgh before the War was ended. Their next move^^*^ was to a Swamp which the Indians had Fortifyed with a Fort.^^^ Mr. Church rid in the Gen- 1^" Other authorities lliow that a week elapfed between the evening of the ex- ploit above related and the fwamp fight to which Church now refers. The Mafs. and Pljm. troops arrived on the eve- ning of the I2th. On the 14th, two forajs were made upon the enemy, and nine Indians were killed, twelve cap- tured, and 150 wigwams burned. On the 15th, feveral ftragglers from the main body of the Englifh were cut off. On the i6th, Capt. Prentice with his troop of horfe went to Bull's Garrilbn at Pettaquamfcut (on Tower Hill, in So. Kingftown, R.-L), and returned with the news that the Indians had burned it, and killed 10 men and 5 women and children. On the 17th, the Connedlicut troops arrived at Bull's. On the i8th, the Mafs. and Pljm. forces joined them at Pettaquamfcut at 5 p.m. Thej all then marched forward in the fnow, and camped out that night; ftarting again at break of day on Sunday the 19th, and about i p.m. reached the edge of the fwamp in which was the Indian fort. [Hubbard's iV«;-rrt/'/t't', 50; R.-I. HIJl. Coll. iii : 83.] ^^1 This fwamp is f South Kingf- town, R.-I., very near the line of Rich- mond, — lefs than a mile north-weft from the track of the Providence and Stonington R.R., — on the farm of J. G. Clarke, Efq., and not far from the houfe of Judge W. Marchant. Dr. Stiles ftates that it " is about feven miles nearly due weft from Narraganfet South Fer- ry." On this. Judge Davis comments : "It is apprehended there is an error in the ftatement of the diftance of the fort from the South Ferry. Seventeen miles, inftead o{ feven, would be more confift- ent with the accounts given of the marches of the army, by cotemporary hiftorians." But the identification of the locality is complete, and by the road it is nearly teti miles from the Ferry. The explanation of the diftance named by cotemporaries is partly that the return route lay not to the Ferry, but to Smith's garrifon in Wickford, the fite of which is diftant (by way of Bull's on Tower Hill,) fcarcely lefs than feventeen miles, by the prefent roads, from the fwamp ; and more, that the journey followed the winding Indian paths, and was accomplifhed through deep fnow and in a night of intenfe cold. The fort was a ftockade enclofing 52 [ h] erals guard when the bloiidy ingagement began ; but being impatient of being out of the heat of the a6lion, importu- nately beg'd leave of the General that he might run down to the affiftance of his friends, the General yielded to his requefl, provided he could rally fome hands to go with him. Thirty Men immediately drew out and followed him: They entred the Swamp and paiTed over the Log, that was the paffage into the Fort, where they faw many Men and feveral Valiant Captains lye flain:^^ Mr. Church fpying Capt. Gardner^"^^ of Salem amidft the Wigwams in five or fix acres of upland in the middle of the fwamp by a palifade, which was defended by a hedge "of almoft a rod thicknefs through which there was no pafling, unlefs they could have fired a way through, which then they had no time to doe." The only regular entrances were along a log which bridged a fpace of water, and over another log which was defended by a block-house. [Hub- bard's Narrative, 52 ; R.-I. Hijl. Coll. iii : 85; Stiles's ed. Church, 29; Davis's Mortoti's Memorial, 433.] 1*^ The accounts vary very much as to the number of killed and wounded. A letter — fuppofed by Hutchinfon to be by Maj. Bradford, but Ihown by Mr. Drake {^Book of the Indians. 219] to be by Capt. James Oliver — written a lliort time after, from the field, and which the writer fays he has verified by reading to the ofiicers in his tent, would feem to have the befl: elements of reliable- nefs. It fays 8 were left dead in the fort, 12 were carried away dead, and many died by the way, or as foon as brought in ; fo that they buried the next day (20 Dec.) 34, the next day 4, and the next day 2. Eight died on Rhode- Ifland (whither moft of the wounded were carried, for care), i ^t Pettaquamf- cut, and 2 were loft in the woods. He makes the total "about 68" who died, and 150 wounded who recovered. Capts. Johnfon, Davenport, Gardner, Seelj', Gallup, Marlhall, and Mafon were killed, or died of their wounds. [Hutchinfon's Hiji. Ma/s., (ed. 1795), i: 272.] See Drake's Hi/i. Bojion [i : 414] for a lift of the killed and wounded of the Mafs. quota. 133 Capt. Jofeph Gardner was fon of the firrt Thomas, of Salem; married Ann, dau. of Emanuel Downing, in 1656; was freeman in 1672; captain of one Salem company in 1674. He owned the fine old houfe in Salem — ftanding until 1750 (of which Felt gives, an engraving) — known afterward as the "Bradftreet Manfion"; his widow marrying Simon (afterwards Gov.) Bradftreet. [Savage's Gen. DiiH. ii : 22S; Felt's Annals of Salem, i: 412; ii: 497.] 53 [ 15 ] the Eaft end of the Fort, made towards him, but on a fuddcn, while they were looking each other in the Face, Capt. Gardner fettled down, Mr. Church ftep'd to him and feeing the blood run down his cheek, lifted up his Cap, and calling him by his Name; he look'd up in his Face, but fpoke not a Word, being Mortally Shot thro' the head; and obferving his Wound, Mr. Church found the ball entred his head on the fide that was next the Up- land, where the EngliJJi entred the Swamp. Upon which, having ordered fome care to be taken of the Captain, he difpatch'd information to the General that the beft and for- wardeft of his Army that hazarded their lives to enter the Fort, upon the muzzle of the Enemies Guns, were Shot in their backs, and kill'd by them that lay behind. Mr. Church with his fmall Company haflen'd out of the Fort (that the EngliJIi were now polTelfed of) to get a Shot at the I7idia7is that were in the Swamp, & kept firing upon them. He foon met with a broad bloody track, where the Enemy had fled with their Wounded men; following hard in the tra6t, he foon fpy'd one of the Enemy, who clap'd his Gun a-crofs his breaft, made towards Mr. Churchy and beckned to him with his hand; Mr. Church immediately commanded [15] no Man to hurt him, hoping by him to have gain'd fome intelligence of the Enemy, that might be of advantage; but it unhappily fell out that a Fellow that had lag'd behind coming up, fhot down the Indian, to Mr. Church^ great grief and difappointment. But immedi- ately they heard a great fhout of the Enemy, which feem'd 54 [ IS ] to be behind them, or between them and the Fort; and difcover'd them running from tree to tree to gain advant- ages of firing upon the EiigliJJi that were In the Fort. Mr. Churches great difficulty now was how to difcover himfelf to his Friends In the Fort, ufmg feveral Inventions, till at length gain'd an opportunity to call to, and Inform a Ser- jeant in the Fort, that he was there, and might be expofed to their Shots, unlefs they obferv'd It. By this time he difcovered a number of the Enemy almoft within Shot of him, making towards the Fort; Mr. Church and his Com- pany were favoured by a heap of brufh that was between them and the Enemy, and prevented their being difcover'd to them. Mr. Church had given his Men their particular orders for firing upon the Enemy; and as they were rlfing up to make their Shot, the afore-mentioned Serjeant in the Fort called out to them, for God^s fake not to Jire, for he believed they were fome of their Friend Indians ;^'^^ They clap'd down again, but were foon fenfible of the Serjeants miftake. The Enemy got to the top of the Tree, the body J^ One hundred and fifty Mohegans executed ; teftified, according to Roger and Pequots formed a part of the Conn. Williams's record, " if the Monhiggins forces. Capt. Oliver (note 132, ante) & Pequts had bene true, they might does not fpeak well of them. He fays : haue deftroyed moft of the Nahiggon- "Monhegins and Pequods proved very fiks; but the Nahigonfiks parlied witli falfe, fired into the air, and fent word them in the beginning of the fight, ^o before they came they would do fo, but that they promifed to Ihoote high, wiiich got much plunder, guns and kettles." they did, & kild not one Nahigonfik So Jofhua Tift, a renegade Englifhman, man, except againft thejr wills." who had married an Indian wife, and [Trumbull's Hijl. Conn, i : 337 ; Hutch- was aaive in this fight, but was after- infon's Hiji. Mafs. (cd. 1795,) i: 273; wards taken, examined, condemned, and 4 Majs. HiJi. Coll. vi : 308.] 55 [ 15 ] whereof the Serjeant flood upon, and there clap'd down out of fight of the Fort, but all this while never difcovered Mr. C/mrck, who obferved them to keep gathering unto that Place, until there feem'd to be a formidable black heap of them. Now brave boys (faid Mr. Church to his Men) if we mind our hits, we may have a brave Shot, and let our Jign for firing on them, be their rifing up to fire into the Fort. It was not long before the Indians riling up as one body, defigning to pour a Volley into the Fort. When our Church nimbly flarted up and gave them fuch a round Volley, and unexpe6led clap on their backs, that they who efcaped with their Lives, were fo furprized, that they fcampered, they knew not whether themfelves; about a dozen of them ran right over the Log into the Fort^ and took into a fort of a Hovel that was build with Poles, after the manner of a corn crib. Mr. Church''^ Men having their Catteridges fix'd, were foon ready to obey his order, which was immediately to charge and run on upon the Hovel, and over-fet it, calling as he run on to fome that were in the Fort to affift him in over-fetting of it; they no fooner came to Face the Enemies fhelter, but Mr. Church difcover'd that one of them had found a hole to point his Gun through, right at him; but however incouraged his Company, and ran right on, till he was ftruck with Three Bullets, one in his Thigh, which was near half of it cut off as it glanced on the joynt of the Hip-bone; another thro* the gatherings of his Breeches and Draws, with a fmall flefh Wound; a third peirced his Pocket, and 56 [ i6] wounded a pair of Mlttins, that he had borrowed of Capt. Prentice] being wrap'd up together had the mif- [i6] fortune of having many holes cut thro' them with one Bullet: But however he made fhift to keep on his Legs, and nimbly difcharged his Gun at them that wounded him: being difinabled now to go a ftep, his Men would have carried him oft', but he forbid their touching of him, until they had perfedted their proje6t of over-fetting the Enemies jGielter; bid them run, for now the hidians had no Guns charged. While he was urging them to run on, the Indians began to fhoot Arrows, and with one peirc'd thro' the Arm of an EjigliJJi Man that had hold of Mr. Churches Arm to fupport him. The EngliJJi^ in fhort, were difcourag'd, and drew back. And by this time the EngliJJt People in the Fort had began to fet fire to the Wigwams & Houfcs in the Fort, which Mr. Church laboured hard to prevent; they told him. They had orders from the Gc7ieral to burn them\ he beg'd them to forbear until he had difcours'd the General ; and haftning to him, he beg'd to f pare the JVigwams, &c. in the Fort fro7n fire, told him, The Wigwams were Musket-proof being all lui'd tmth Bafkets and Tubbs of Grain, and other Provifions, ftif- ficient to fupply the zvhole Army, tmtil the Spring of the Tear',^^ and every wounded Man might have a good warm Houfe to lodge in, which other-ways would neceffarily pcrifii with the Storms and Cold. And more-over, that the Army 135 Church's part experience in the nature to urije this confideration upon commiffary department had been of a his mind with great force. 8 57 [ i6] had no other Provijion to truft unto or depend upon ; that he knew that Plymouth Forces had not fo much as one Bifcake left, for he had feen their lafl dealt out, &c. The General advifing a few Words with the Gentlemen that were about him, Mov'd towards the Fort, defigning to ride in himfelf, and bring in the whole Army. But juft as he was entring the Swamp, one of his Captains ^^'^ meet him, and asked him. Whither he was going? He told him into the Fort; the Captain laid hold of his Horfe, and told him, His Life was worth an hundred of theirs, and he fliotild not expofe himfelf The General told him. That he fuppofcd the brtmt was over, and that Mr. Church had informed him that the Fort was take^i, &c. And as the cafe was circtmi- flanced he was of the Miitd, that it was mofl practicable for him, and his Army to fJielter thanfelves in the Fort. The Captain in a great heat, reply'd. That Church lfd\ and told the General, That if he mov^d another flep towards the Fort he would flioot his Horfe under him. Then bruiled up another Gentleman, a certain Do6lor,^^^ and oppofs'd Mr. Churcl^s advice, and faid. If it were complfd with, it i^** Likely to be Captain Mofelj, who were provided." Dr. John Clark, ap- was a " rough and fanguinary foldier," parently fon of Dr. John, who came to and whom Hubbard names as very Bofton from Newbury, and whofe pic- adlive and ferviceable in the fight. ture hangs in the rooms of the Mais. \_Narrative, 54.] Hift. Soc, was appointed by the Mafs. ^^ Church's reticence in regard to Court, on the 25th Feb. following, names, where cenfure is implied, is no- " chirurgion for y' fervice." Dr. ticeable. No record of the furgeons Matthew Fuller (fee note 69, aftte) was, accompanying this expedition has met no doubt, ftill furgeon-general of the my eye. Trumbull fays, " the beft fur- Plymouth troops. [7/^/?. Comi. i : 340, gcons which the country could furnilb, fiotc ; Mafs. Col. Ecc. v: 75.] 5S [ 17 ] would kill i7tore Men than the Enemy had killed ; for (faid he) by to Morrow the wounded Men will be fo Jliff that there will be no fnoving of them'. And looking upon Mr. Church, and feeing the blood flowing a pace from his Wounds, told him, That if he gave fuch advice as that was, he fJiotdd bleed to Death like a Dog, before they would en- deavour to flench his blood. Though after they had pre- vailed againft his advice, they were fufficiently kind to him. And burning up all the Houfes and Provifions in the Fort; the Army returned the fame Night in the Storm and Cold: And I Suppofe every one that is acquainted with the circumflances of that Nights March, deeply laments the miferies that attended them, efpecially the [17] wounded & dying Men. But it mercifully came to pafs that Capt. Andrew Belcher^^ arrived at Mr. Smiths that very Night from Boflon, with a Veflel loaden with Provifions for the Army, who mufl: otherwife have perifli'd for want. Some of the Enemy that were then in the Fort have fince inform'd us, that near a third of the Indians belonging to all that Narraganfet Country were killed by the Englifli, and by the Cold that Night,^^ that they fled 138 See note 52, ante. Smith's block- could not eftimate. Capt. Oliver fays, houfe flood on the cove making up 300 warriors were llain, and about 350 north-wefterly from the entrance of were taken, with above 300 women and what is now called Wickford harbor. children. The Conn. Council wrote to 1^59 Hubbard fays, on the ftory of one Andros (13 Jan., 1675-6), " about 600 of Potock, afterwards taken, that" the In- the Indians, men, women, & children, dians loft 700 warriors killed, befides as is faid, are flaine." Roger Wilhams, 300, moft of whom died of their wounds in his account of the examination of and of expofure, with a number of old JolTiua Tift, fays, he faid that the Indians men, women, and children, which they " found 97 Aaine & 48 wounded, befide 59 [ 17 ] out of their Fort fo haflily that they carried nothing with them: that if the Englifli had kept in the Fort, the Indians had certainly been neceffitated, either to furrender them- felves to them, or to have perifhed by Hunger, and the feverity of the Seafon. Some time after this Fort-fight a certain Sogkonate India7i hearing Mr. Chnrch relate the manner of his being wounded, told him. That he did not knozu but he him/elf was the Indian that wounded him, for that he was one of that compaiiy of Indians that Mr. Church made a Shot upoji zvhen they were rifing up to make a Shot into the Fort ; they were 171 number about 60 or 70, that jifl then came dowji from Pumhams Town, and never before then fired a Gun againfl the Englifh ; that when Mr. Church fired tipon them he killed 14 dead in the Spot, and zvotmded a greater 7zumber than he killed, many of which dyed afterwards with their wounds, i^i the Cold and Storm the following Night. Mr. Church was movYl with other wounded men over to Rhode-Ifiand, where in about a Months time^^*^ he was in fome good meafure recovered of his Wounds, and the Fever that attended them. And then went over to the Gen- eral to take his leave of him, with a defign to return home. what flaughter was made in the howfes ing the firft edition, made here the & by the burning of the howfes, all of curious bkmder of fubftituting " three which he fajth were burnt except 5 months time" for "a months time," or 6 thereabouts." ^Narrative, 54; as originally fet down; and Dr. Stiles Hutchinfon's Ilijl. Mafs. (ed. 1795), i: did not correft their error, which has 273, note ; Col. Rec. of Conn, ii : 398 ; been perpetuated in all the editions 4 MaJ's. Jliji. Coll. vi : 309.] fmce, and which led Mr. Drake, in his "'^ Southwick's compofitors, in copy- fecond edition, quite naturally to fup- 60 [ 17] But the Generals great importunity again perfwaded him, to accompany him in a long March, into the Nipmiick Coun- try,^" tho' he had then Tents in his Wounds, and fo Lame as not able to Mount his Horfe without two Mens affiftance. In this March the firfl; thing remarkable was, they came to an Indian Town,"^ where there were many Wigwams pofe that Church here refers to an expe- dition into the Nipmuck country in March, 1676, which no other chronicler had noticed. As Church didtated his narrative, the chronology was correifl. The fight was on the 19th of December. It was probably feveral days after that date before Church, with the wounded, was got over to Rhode-Ifland. The Conn, forces foon went home to recruit, but the Mafs. and Plym. troops re- mained in garrifon at Wickford, and were re-enforced from Bofton, Jan. 10. The Conn, forces (fee Maj. Palmes's letter, Conn. Col. Rec. ii : 402) appear to have reached Wickford again, 27 Jan., when the whole army feems to have ftarted for the Nipmuck country (whither the enemy were underftood to have fled), 1600 ftrong. This corref- ponds, very accurately, with the month's interval of which Church fpeaks, if he accompanied Gov. Win- ilow on this firft march, in force, from Wickford. Hubbard's account implies that our men ftarted from Wickford, 27 Jan. [Hubbard's Narrative, 58, 60; Arnold's Hijl. R.-I. i : 406 ; Drake's Church, 65.] 1" Nipmuck \_Nipnet\ was a name given to the petty tribes, or clans, of inland Indians fcattered over a large extent of country, in Windham and Tolland Counties in Connecfticut, Wor- cefter and Hampden Counties in Maffa- chufetts, and the northern part of Rhode-Ifland ; but their principal feat was at, or near, the great ponds in Oxford (Webfter), Mafs. From thefe ponds they probably derived their name of "Pond" or " Frefli-water " {nippe, nip) Indians. If the two names, or forms of the name, are not identical in origin, Nipnet belongs to the terri- tory, i.e. "at the frelh-water pond"; Nipmuck, to the tribe, {nip-amaug) "they filh in frelh water"; but poflTibly " a frelli water fifliing-place." This diftinguiflied them from the Shore In- dians, and the River Indians of the Connedticut Valley ; their neighbors on the weft. Snipjtc (corrupted from Mijhenipf-ci) Pond, in Ellington, Conn., was the bound where the country of the Nipmucks joined that of the River Indians on the weft, and the Mohcgan north-weft angle. "- Suppofed to be Pumham's town (fee note 127, antc^) in a rocky fwamp in Warwick, R.-I., — Warwick then em- bracing moft of what is now Warwick and Coventry. The diftancc is ftatcd as 20 miles from Smith's. [Baylies' Mem. Plym. Col. iii : 104.] 61 [ i8] in fight, but an Icy Swamp lying between them and the Wigwams, prevented their running at once upon it as they intended: there was much firing upon each fide before they pafs'd the Swamp. But at length the Enemy all fled, and a certain Moohegan that was a fi"iend Indian, purfued and feiz'd one of the Enemy that had a fmall wound in his Leg, and brought him before the General, where he was examined. Some were for torturinof of him to brinof him to a more ample confeflion, of what he knew concerning his Country-men. Mr. Church verily believing he had been ingenious in his confeflion, interceeded and prevailed for his efcaping torture. But the Army being bound for- ward in their March, and the Indians wound fomewhat difinabling him for Travelling, 'twas concluded he fhould be knock'd on the Head: Accordingly he was brought before a great fire, and the Moohegan that took him was allowed, as he defired, to be the Executiner. Mr. Church taking no delight [i8] in the Sport, fram'd an arrant at fome diftance among the baggage Horfes, and when he had got fome Ten Rods, or thereabouts from the fire, the Executioner fetching a blow with his Hatchet at the head of the Prifoner, he being aware of the blow, dodged his afide, and the Executioner mifling his flroke the Hatchet flew out of his hand, and had like to have done execution where 'twas not defign'd. The Prifoner upon his narrow efcape broke from them that held him, and notwithfliand- ing his Wound made ufe of his Legs, and hap'd to run right upon Mr. Church, who laid hold on him, and a clofe 62 [ 18] skuffle they had, but the Indiaji having no Clothes on flip'd from him, and ran again, and Mr. Church purfued the Indian, altho' being Lame, there was no great odds in the Race, until the hidiaji Humbled and fell, and they clofed again, skuffled and fought pretty fmartly, until the Indian by the advantage of his nakednefs flip'd from his hold again, and fet out on his third Race, with Mr. Church clofe at his heels, endeavouring to lay hold on the hair of his Head, which was all the hold could be taken of him; and running thro' a Swamp that was covered with hollow Ice, it made fo loud a noife that Mr. Chiirch expected (but in vain) that fome of his EngliJJi friends would follow the noife, and come to his affiftance. But the Indian hap'd to run a-thwart a mighty Tree that lay fallen near breaft- high, where he ftop'd and cry'd out a loud for help; but Mr. Church being foon upon him again, the Indian feized him faft by the hair of his Head, and endeavouring by twilling to break his Neck; but tho' Mr. Churches wounds had fome-what weakned him, and the Indian a ftout fel- low, yet he held him well in play, and twitted the Indians Neck as well, and took the advantage of many opportu- nities, while they hung by each others hair gave him notorious bunts in the face with his head. But in the heat of this skuffle they heard the Ice break with fome bodies coming a-pace to them, which when they heard. Church concluded there was help for one or other of them, but was doubtful which of them muft now receive the fatal llroke; anon fome body comes up to them, who prov'd to 63 [ 19 ] be the Indian that had firft taken the Prlfoner. Without fpeaking a word, he felt them out (for 'twas fo dark he could not diftinguifh them by fight) the one being clothed, and the other naked, he felt where Mr. CJmrches hands were faftned in the Netops-^*^ hair, and with one blow fet- tled his Hatchet in between them, and ended the ftrife. lie then fpoke to Mr. Chtirch and hugg'd him in his Arms, and thank'd him abundantly for catching his Prif- oner; and cut off the head of his Victim, and carried it to the Camp, and giving an account to the reft of the friend Indians in the Camp, how Mr. Church had feized his Prif- oner, &c. they all joyn'd a mighty fhout. Proceeding in this March, they had the fuccefs of killing many of the Enemy: until at length their Provifion failing, they return'd home.-^"^ King Philip (as was before hinted) was fled to a Place called Scatiacook, [19] between York and Albaiiy^'^^ where 143 JSfctop means "friend"; (plu.) for a Dutchman. In this loofer fenfe Nctomfauog, " friends." The «' is the it is ufed here. pronoun of the firft perfon ; the o is i" Hubbard fays, "our Forces, having nafal. Eliot writes 7ietomp, as (Matt. purfued them into the woods between xxvi : 50) tietomp, tohtviichpcyauan f Marlbcrough and Brookfield in the " Friend, why art thou come hither.'" Road toward Con7icdicut, w-ere con- The general ufe of the word bj the ftrained to turn down to Bojion, in the Englilh was to defignate a friendly beginningofi^e^^M^/'j', for want of pro- Indian, an ally. From its conftant em- vifion, both for themfelves and their ployment (Roger Williams, \_Kcy, chap. horfes." Mather fays, " So then, Febru- I, R.-I. Hijl. Coll. i: 27] fays "What ary 5, the Army returned to Bojlon, cheere,iV(?/o/.?" is the general falutation not having obtained the end of their of all Englilh to the Indians) in addrefs, going forth." INarrative, 60] Brief Nctop came to be ufed as an appellative HiJl. 22.] for any Indian man, juft as Monjteuy i« SchagJiticokc is on the Hoofic and for a Frenchman, or Hans or Mynheer Hudlbn Rivers, 12 miles from Troy. 64 [ 19] the Moohags^^^ made a defcent upon him and killed many of his Men, which moved him from thence. His next kennelling Place was at the falls of Conne6li- cut River/*^ where fometime after Capt. Tiirncr^^^ found him, came upon him by Night, kill'd him a great many The Pincheon papers fay " the Scata- kook or River Indians, moft of them, were fugitives from New England in the time of Philip's war." [2 Majs. Hijl. Coll. viii : 244.] 1*'' Increafe Mather fays, " We hear that Philip being this winter enter- tained in the Mohaxvks Country, Made it his defign to breed a quarrel between the E7igliyh and them ; to effedl which, divers of our returned Captives do i-e- port that he refolved to kill fome fcat- tering Mo/iaxvks, & then to fay that the EngliJJi had done it ; but one of thofe whom he thought to have killed was only wounded, and got away to his Country men, giving them to under- ftand that not the Engli/Ii but Philip had killed the Men that were Murdered, fo that inftead of bringing the Mohawks upon the EngliJJi, he brought them upon himfelf." Judd fays this " does not deferve the leaft credit." \^Bricf Hif- tory, 38; Hiji. Hadlcy, 182.] i'*^ The great falls in the Connecticut River, near where the towns of Mon- tague, Gill, and Greenfield meet, which Dr. Hitchcock thought the fineft in New England. Unable to plant as ufual, the Indians were driven to avail themfelves more of filTi ; and no fpot in the country offered fuch Ibad-fifhing as this. [ Geology of Mafs. 375 ; Hoy t's Antiq. Refcarches, 127.] 1*^ William Turner, of Dartmouth, Eng., then of Dorchefter, 1642, free- man, 10 May, 1643, removed to Bof- ton, was " by trade a tailor," and was one of the founders of the firft Bap- tift Church in 1665. Early in Phil- ip's war, " he gathered a company of volunteers, but was denied a commif- fion, and difcouraged becaufe the chief of the company were Anabaptifts. After- wards, when the war grew more general and diftruAive, and the country in very great diftrefs, having divers towns burnt, and many men flain, then he was defired to accept a commifiion. He complained it was too late, his men on whom he could confide being fcat- tered ; however was moved to accept." He marched " as Captain, under Maj. Savage as chief commander, " to relieve the weftern towns. 19 May, 1676, with 180 men, he furprifed the Indians at thefe falls and killed from 130 to iSo, but on his return was killed, with 38 of his men. He married Mary, widow of Key Alfop ; though he feems to have had another wife — perhaps named Frances. His will, dated 10 Feb., 1676, mentions children. [Savage's Gen. Did. iv : 348 ; Backus's HiJi. New Eng. i: 433; Hoj't's Antiq. Re/earchcs, 12S. Holland's HiJl. Wejlcrn Mafs. i: 121; Judd's Hijl. Hadley, 163, 171; Bene- dia's Hifi. Bapt. i : 384-] 65 [ '9 ] Men, and frighted many more into the River, that were hurl'd down the falls and drowned. Philip got over the River, and on the back fide of the WcUifd-hills^^^ meets with all the Remnants of the Nar- raganfet and Nipinuck Indians, that were there gathered together, and became very numerous; and made their defcent on Sudbury, and the Adjacent Parts of the Coun- try, where they met with and fwallowed up Valiant Capt. Wadfworth^^^ and his Company, and many other doleful defolations, in thofe Parts.^^^ The News whereof coming to Plyi^iouth, and they expecting probably the Enemy would foon return again into their Colony: The Council of War were called together ;^^^ and Mr. Church was fent i« Wachufett {Watcfiofuck) Moun- tain in Princeton, Mais. The word means " [the country] about the moun- tain." 1'^"' Sa7)!ucl Wad/worthy joungeft fon of Chriftopher, of Duxbury, was born about 1630; was freeman 1668; mar- ried Abigail, dau. of James Lindall of Marfhfield, and was father of Benjamin, Minifter of the Firft Church, Bolton, and ninth Prelldent of Harvard College; he was the firft Captain of militia in Mil- ton, was diftinguilhed in Philip's war, and was cut off, with his Lieut, and " about thirty" of his men, in this Sud- bury fight. The portion of Sudbury which was attacked is now Wayland. See the Nnv- En gland Hijl. and Gen. Jicgiflcr, vii : 221, and Hudfon's Hiji. Marlborough, 75, for a difcuflion of the true date of this ftruggle. [Savage's Gen. Did. iv : 3S0.] 151 Col. Church was here obvioufly confufed in his order of remembrance of events which had become diftant when he d'lft^ted this narrative. The attack on Sudbury took place, and Capt. Wadl- worth and his company were " fwal- lowed up" on the 21ft of April, 1676, nearly a month before the Falls fight, while the Plymouth Council of War — which, by what follows, affembled be- fore Rehoboth fell, on the 26th and 28th March, of the fame year — muft have been called together more than a month before the Sudbury maflacre. The tid- ings which alarmed the Colonifts and convoked the Council, mufl: evidently have been thofe of the furprife of Lan- cafter on the loth, and of the burning of Medfield on the 2ifi: of February. 15- By the records, it appears that the Plymouth Council of War met on the 29th Feb. and the 7th and loth March. 66 [ 19 ] for to them, being obferved by the whole Colony to be a Perlbn extraordinarily qualify'd for and adapted to the Affairs of War. Twas propofed in Council that leafl the Enemy in their return fhould fall on Rchoboth^ or fome other of their Out-Towns, a Company confifting of 60 or 70 Men fhould be fent in to thofe Parts; and Mr. Church invited to take the Command of them. He told them, That if the Enemy returned into that Colony again, they might reafonably expcfl that they would come very nnmcrozis ; and that if hcfJiould take the Command of Men, he/Iiotild not lye in any Town or Garrifon with them, but would lye in the Woods as the Enemy did'. And that to fend otit ftch fmall Companies againfl fuch Multitudes of the Enemy that were now Miflered together, would be but to deliver fo many Men into their hands, to be defiroyed, as the Worthy Capt. Wadf- worth a7id his Company were. His advice upon the whole was, That if they fent out any Forces, to fend not lefs than 300 Souldiers; and that the other Colonies lliould be ask'd to fend out their Quota's alio; adding, That if they i7t tended to make an end of the War, by fubduing the En- The meeting of the 29th Feb. was at Michael Pierce and Lieut. Samuell Ful- Marlhfield, and would appear to be that ler. Had it been already determined by of which Church here ipeaks. My the Council to fend out friend Indians, reafon for fixing upon that of this date they would hardly have " thought it no is. that this is the neareft date to the wayes advifable," as Church fays they Medfield alarm, and that one conclu- did when he talked with them. It is fion at which this feffion arrived was more likely that his arguments on this to order " 20 or 30 of the Southern In- occafion led them to change their form- dians " to go forth " with the other er policy in that rcfped, and pafs this (i.e. white Colonifts) whoe are under vote before they fcparulcd. IPIym. Col. prefTo" under the command of Capt. Rec.v: 1S7.] 67 [ 19] cmy, they muji make a btifinefs of the War, as the Enemy did ; and that for his own part, he had wholly laid afide all his own private bjfinefs and concerns, ever fine e the War broke out. He told them, That if they would fend forth fitch Forces as he fwuld direfi to, he would go with them, for Six weeks March, which was long enough for Men to be kept in the Woods at once ; ajid if they might be fire of Liberty to return in fuch a fpace. Men would go out chcarfdly. And he would engage i^o of the befl Souldiers ftould imme- diately Lift Voluntarily to go with him, if they would pleafe to add 50 more; and 100 of the Friend Indians ; and with fuch an Army he made no doubt but he might do good Ser- vice ; but on other terms he did 7wt incline to be concern'' d. Their reply was, That they were already in debt, and fo big an Army would bring fuch charge upon them, that they fhould never be able to pay.^^^ And as for fending i'^ The Council, at its loth March feffion, affigned lands at Skoivamctt (Wai-vvick, R.-I.) to the fuppoled value of £500, at AJfonett neck (Freetown) to the value of £200, at AJfazvampfctt (around the pond in Middleborough) to the value of £200, and about Aga- ivam and Scpecan (in Wareham, and what is now Marion) to the value of £100, to be divided to the foldiers ; " noe -vay att p'fcnt a f peering to raife 7noti- cys" They, at the fame time, further laid a rate of £1000. upon the eleven towns of the Colony, "to be paved in clothing, provifions, or cattle, att mony prife; an indifferent good, ordinary cow being to be vallued at 455. and other cattle according to that propor- tion, for the payment of fuch of the fouldiers whofe needy condition may call for other fupplyes more fuitable for their families then lands," &c. The following lift of the proportions of the feveral towns in this rate has intereft as indicating their then relative fize. I add their feveral proportions of a " preffe " of 300 men, on the 29th March following. s. s. d. JIcil. Plymouth . . • 99 03 06 . 30 Duxbury . . . 46: II 10 . 16 Bridgewater . . 46 II 10 . 16 Scituate . . • 165 09 00 . 50 Taunton • 9- 13 06 . 30 68 [ 2o] out hidians^ they thought it no wayes advlfable, and in fliort, none of his advice practicable. [20] Now Mr. CJnirchcs Confort, and his then only Son were till this time remaining at Duxborotcgh, and his fearing their fafety there (unlefs the War were more vigoroufly ingaged in) refolved to move to RJiode-IJland \^^^ tho' it was much oppofed both by the Government, and by Rela- tions. But at length, the Governour confidering that he might be no lefs Serviceable by being on that lide of the Colony, gave his permit,^^^ and wifh'd he had Twenty more as good Men to fend with him. Then preparing for his Removal, he went with his fmall Family to Plymouth to take leave of their Friends; where fide, to prevent any invafion from the main. [/?.-/. Hijl. Coll. v : 165 ; R.-I. Col. Rec. ii : 535 ; Arnold's Hijt. R.-I. i: 409.] i^s The Plymouth Council of War. at the feflion of 29 Feb., 1675-6, pafied an order that " whereas great damage and prejudice may acrew, &c. all the inhabitants feated in this gou'ment lliall and doe abide in each towne of this col- lonie to which hee belongs, and not de- part the fame on p'ill of forfeiting the whole p'fonall eftate of each one that think of removing from the very heart .fhall foe doe to the collonies vfe, except s. s. d. Men. Sandwich . • 9- 13 06 . 28 Yarmouth . • 74 15 06 . 26 Barnltable . • 99: 03 06 . 30 Marlhfield . • 75: oS 00 . 26 Rehoboth . . 136 19 00 . 30 Eaftham . . 66 16 06 . 18 Rehoboth was probably lightly rated in foldiers on account of the lofles which it had met with, after this affeff- nient of money and before the '' prefle " for men. \^Ply>n. Col. Rec. v : 191-3-] 1^ At firft glance it feems ftrange to of the old fettlements to a poft then fur- rounded by hoftile Indians, for greater fafetv. But it muft be remembered that the infular pofition of Rhode - Illand rendered it comparatively fecure; in addition to which that Colony employed four row-boats (Arnold (ays J/oo/s), to be conllantly on the lookout, on every it be by the fpcciall order or allowance of the Gou', or any two of the other maj- eftrates, &c." This was to prevent the inhabitants of the Colony from remov- ing for prefent fafety to places from which they might not aftorsvard return ; to the Colony's detriment. {Plym. Col. Rec. V : 1S5.J 69 [ 2o] they met with his Wives Parents, who much perfwaded that She might be left at Mr. Clarks Garrifon/^*^ (which they fuppofed to be a mighty fafe Place) or at leall that She might be there until her foon expedted lying-inn was over (being near her time.) Mr. C/iurck no ways inclin- ing to venture her any longer in thofe Parts, and no argu- ments prevailing with him, he refolutely fet out for Taunton, and many of their Friends accompanyed them. There they found Capt. Peirce}^' with a commanded Party, who offered Mr. Church to fend a Relation of his w4th fome others to guard him to Rhode-IJland. But Mr. Church thank'd him for his Refpe6tful offer, but for fome good rcafons refus'd to accept it. In fhort, they got fafe '^^' Clark's Garrifon was fituated al>out three miles fouth-eaft from the village of Plymouth, on the weft bank of the Eel River, almoft againft the point of junction of Plymouth Beach ■with the main land, and, perhaps three- quarters of a mile inland from that jun^^tion; very near to the lite of the houfe for many j'ears occupied by the late Rev. B. Whitmore. It was de- ftroyed on Sunday, 12 March, 1676; " Miftris Sarah Clarke" and ten other perfons being killed. The outrage was- committed by Tatofon and ten other Indians, of whom five were brought in and executed at Plymouth. \_Plym. Col. ' Rec. V : 204-6.] This was the only ferious attack made on Plymouth by the natives. 1*^" Capt. Michael Pierce was at Iling- ham in 1646; in 1647 purchafed lands in the ConihafTet grant (Scituate) ; was in the Narraganfett fight, previous to which, he made his will, beginning thus : " Being, by the appointment of God, going out to war againft the In- dians, I do ordain this my laft will, &c." ; was put in command, early in 1676, of 63 Englilbmen and 20 friendly Indians. They were to rendezvous at Plymouth, on Wednefday, the 8th March, and probablj' reached Taunton on the after- noon of the next day, March 9th, where Mr. Church now found him. On the 26th of the fame month he was killed, with 51 of his Englilh, and n of his Indian soldiers, at Rehoboth, by an overwhelming force of the enemy. He had had two wive«, and ten chil- dren. [Deane's Hijl. Scit. 325 ; Plym. Col. Rec. v: 1S7; Blifs's HiJl. Rc/io- botk, 91.] 70 [ 20 ] to Capt. John Almy\ houfe^^ upon RJiodc-IJIaiid, where they met with friends and good entertainment. But by the way, let me not forget this remarkable Providence. viz. That within Twenty- four hours, or there abouts,^'^^ after their arrival at RJiode-IJland, Mr. Clarks Garrifon that Mr. CJmrch was fo much importuned to leave his Wife and Child at, was deftroyed by the Enemy. Mr. Church being at prefent difinabled from any par- ticular Service in the War, began to think of fome other employ; but he no fooner took a tool to cut a fmall flick, but he cut off the top of his Fore finger, and the next to it, half off; upon which he fmillingly faid. That he thought he was out of his way, to leave the War; and refolved he would to War again. Accordingly his Second Son^*^ being born on the 12th oi Alay and his Wife & Son like to do well, Mr. Chw'ch imbraces the opportunity of a paffage ^^ See note 4, ante. After confider- what was called Fogland, or Codman's able refearch, I had failed to fecure ferry, and at that time kept a houfe of proof fixing the fpot of Capt. Almy's entertainment, &c." This endorfes my refidence, but from all the probabilities fuppofition, as Fogland ferry conneiTts of the cafe had decided that he muft Punkatees neck %vith Portfmouth, mid- have lived on the eaftern Ihore of way between the points above named. Portfmouth, R.-L, fomewhere between (See notes 86 and 91, aiitc.') M'Carrj's Point on the north and ^^^ This fettles the date of this arri- Sandy Point on the fouth, oppofite val as 11-13 March, 1676. Probably Punkatees neck. I have now, by the Church left Plymouth with his family kindnefs of Judge W. R. Staples, re- on Wednefday or Thurfday, the 8th or ceived, from Mr. Richard Sherman, 9th, and reached Almy's on Saturday, who was Town Clerk of Portfmouth for the nth, the day before Clark's Garri- nearly half a century, a note in which fon was burned. he fays : " I have been informed by i*^ Co/ijiant, who became a Captain old perfons now deceafed, that one under his father in fome of his later Capt. John Almy lived in a houfe near expeditions. 71 [ 21 ] in a Sloop bound to Barnjlable\ who landed him at SogJco- nejfet^^^ from whence he rid to Plymouth\ arrived there on the firllTuefday in 7z/;2^:^'^2 'pj^g General Court then fit- ting,^*^^ welcomed him, told him they were glad to fee him Alive. He reply'd, He was as glad to fee them Alive, for he had feen fo many fires and fmokes towards their fide of the Country lince he left them, that he could fcarce eat or lleep with any comfort, for fear they had been all deftroyed. For all Travelling was ftop'd, and no News had paffed for a long time together. He gave them account, that the Indians had made horrid defolations at Providence, War- wick, Petuxit, and all over the Narraganfet Country ,-^^ & that they prevailed daily againft the EngliJJi on that fide of the Country. Told them, he long'd to hear what Methods they defign'd in the War. [21] They told him. They were particularly glad that Providence had brought him there at that juncture: For the}^ had concluded the very next day to fend out an Army of 200 Men, two third EngliJJi, and one third Indians, in fome meafure agreeable to his former propofal; expe6ling Bojlon and Conne^icut I'^i Sogkoncjfei {Sachotie^t, Sugkones, i*"'^ The "Court of EleAion" met at Siicco>ic/i/, Siicconncjfef, dc.) was the Plymouth, on Monday, 5 June, 1676. general name applied to the townlliip i*^* Warwick, R.-I., was burned 17 of Falmouth, Mafs., in the early rec- March (fo Hubbard, 66; Mather, 24; ords. The word appears to be a dimin- Palfrey's Hiji. N. E. iii : iSS; but Ar- utive from Sogkonate. The harbor nold, i : 408, fays March 16, quoting no where Church landed was what is now authority.) ; Seekonk, or Pawtucket, known as Wood's Hole in Falmouth. March 28th, and Providence, March This would then be diltant probably 35 30th. [See Davis's Morton's Memo- miles from Plymouth. rial, 43S; R.-I. Hiji. Coll. v: 166.] ^'■'^ 6 June, 1676. 72 [ ^I ] to joyn with their Quota\}^ In fhort, It was fo con- cluded. And that Mr. Church fhould return to the IJIand, and fee what he could Mufter there, of thofe that had mov'd from Swanzey, Dartmouth, ^c.}^ So returning the fame way he came; when he came to Sogkoneffet, he had a fham put upon him, about a Boat he had bought to go home in; and was forced to hire two of the friend Indians to paddle him in a Canoo from El/adcths^^^ to Rhode- IJlmid. It fell out that as they were in their Voyage palling by Sogkonate-pomt^^^ fome of the Enemy were upon the "^^ The vote was thus: "Vpon con- fideration of the neflefitie of fending forth fome forces, to be, bj the healp of God, a meanes of our fafety and prefervation, the Court came to a con- clufion and doe heerbj voate, that one hundred and fifty Englifli, and fifty In- dians, be with the beft fpeed that may be raifed and provided and fent forth towards the frontiere p'tes of this collo- nie, to be vpon motion to fcout to and frow for the fafty of the collonie ; the time appointed of fending forth is on Weddenfday, the 21ft of this inftant June, 1676." {^Plym. Col. Rec. v : I97-] 166 The General Affembly of R.-I. voted, 13 March, 1675-6 : " Wee finde this Collony is not of ability to main- taine fufiicient garrifons for the fecurity of our out Plantations. Therefore, we thinke and judge it moft fafe for the inhabitants to repaire to this Illand, which is the moft fecureift." Some of 10 73 thofe Plymouth Colonifts who refided near, feem to have availed themfelves of this fuggeftion, and taken refuge on the Ifland. [/?.-/. Col. Rcc. ii : 533.] 167 The Elizabeth Iflands, with very narrow channels between them, ftretch fouth-weft from Falmouth nearly feven- teen miles; dividing Buzzard's Bay above them from Vineyard Sound be- low them. The diftance from Fal- mouth to Rhode-Ifland, following the fouthern Ihore of thefe iflands, then bearing away for Saconet Point, and round that ftraight to the neareft point of Rhode-Ifland, is about 35 miles. 168 Saconet Point is the fartheft fouth-weftern extremity of Little Comp- ton, R.-I. The rocks on which Ihefc Indians were filliing were, moft likely, thofe of the ledge known as " Onion rock," a few feet otf from the Point; now acceffible at low water, and then, doubtlefs, joined to the main by a fand- hill fince worn away. A canoe, pad- [ 21 ] Rocks a fifhing; he bid the Indimts that managed the Canoo to paddle fo near to the Rocks as that he might call to thole Indians'^ told them, That he had a great mind ever lince the War broke out to fpeak with fome of the Sogkonate Indians, and that they were their Relations, and therefore they need not fear their hurting of them. And he added. That he had a 77iighty conceit that if he could gain a fair Oppo^^tunity to difconrfe them, that he could draw them off from Philip, for he knew they never heartily loved him. The Enemy hollowed and made figns for the Canoo to come to them: But when they approach'd them they skulked and hid in the clifts of the Rocks; then Mr. Chjcrch ordered the Canoo to be paddled off again, leaft if he came too near they fhould fire upon him. Then the Indians appearing again, beckn'd and calFd in the hidiait Language, and bid them come a-fhore, they wanted to fpeak with them. The Indians in the Canoo anfwered them again; but they on the Rocks told them. That the dling for Rhode-Ifland from the Vine- localities, has made fome curious blun- yard Sound, in fmooth water (and it ders in his verfion of this occurrence, could make the paffage in no other), He fays : " It hapened that the faid would head from the fouth-weftern ex- Capt. Church, fome time in Jtoic laft, tremity of Cuttyhunk obliquely acrofs viz. of this prefent year, 1676, pafling the entrance of Buzzard's Bay, ftraight over in a Canoo from Pocajfct to Road- toward Saconet Point, and in rounding IJlaiid, as he ufed frequently to do that Point would go infide of both Eaft (having had much imployment upon and Weft illands into the "Eaft Paf- the faid Neck of Land, fo called) feveral fage." This would bring it, inevitably, Indians whom he had known before at within a fhort diftance of the rocks here Lakenhajti (a village on PocaJJet Jtde) defcribed. Many tautog are ftill beckned to him, as if they had a mind yearly caught from them. to fpeak with him, &c. &c." \_Narra- Ilubbard, through ignorance of the thie., 104.] 74 [ 21 ] furff made fuch a noife agalnft the Rocks, they could not hear any thing they faid.^*^^ Then Mr. Church by figns with his hands, gave to underfland. That he would have two of them go down upon the point of the beach (a place where a Man might fee who was near him^™) accordingly two of them ran a-long the beach, and met him there; without their Arms, excepting that one of them had a Lance in his hand; they uged Mr. Chtirch to come a-fhore for they had a great defire to have fome difcourfe with him; He told them, if he that had his weapon in his hand would carry it up fome diftance upon the beach and leave it, he would come a-lhore and difcourfe them: He did fo, and Mr. Chiirch went a-fhore, hailed up his Canoo, ordered one of his Indians to flay by it, and the other to walk above on the beach, as a Sentinel to fee that the Coafts were clear. And when Mr. Chtcrch came up to the Ltdians, one of them happened to be honeft George^'^ one of the two that AiuaJJionks formerly fent to call him to her Dance, and was fo careful to guard him back to his Houfe again; the laft Sogkonate Indian he fpoke with before the War broke out; he Ipoke EngliJJi very well. 1(^3 This is ftill the cafe, even in a ilj occur to one familiar with this fpot cahn day when there are no furface as now fuitabie for the ufe which waves which would fwamp a canoe ; Church here propofed ; but the abrafion as the northward ground-fwell rolls in of the ftorms of ahnoft 200 years has, here without obftrucition from the broad unqucilionably, fo changed all the con- Atlantic through the opening of near figuration of the fand fpits, that none of fifty miles, between Block Ifiand and them now remain exadly as then, though Martha's Vineyard. During and after it has fcarcely modified the rocks them- a florm, the furf is fublime. felves. i''J'Two or three "points " will read- ^'^ Sec note 13, ante. 75 [ 22 ] [2 2] Mr. Church asked him where AwafJionhs was ? he told him in a Swamp about three Miles oft?'^ Mr. Church again asked him, What it was he wanted that he hollowed and called him a-fhore? he anfwered, That he took him for Church as foon as he heard his Voice in the Canoo, and that he was very glad to fee him alive, and he believed his Miftrifs would be as glad to fee him, and fpeak with him; he told him further, That he believed fhe was not fond of maintaining a War with the E7iglifJi\ and that fhe had left Philip, and did not intend to return to him any more; he was mighty earneft with Mr. Church to tarry there while he would run and call her: but he told him no; for he did not know but the Indians would come down and kill him before he could get back again; he said, if Alount-hope or Pocaffet hidians could catch him, he believed they would knock him on the head : But all Sogkonate Indians knew him very well, and he believed would none of them hurt him. In Ihort, Mr. Church re- fufed then to tarry, but promifed that he would come over again, and fpeak with AzvaJJionks, and fome other Indiaiis that he had a mind to talk with. Accordingly he appointed him to notifie AwaJ/io7iks, her i''^ This was Tomfc Swamp (fo called Saconet Point to Tiverton, to the road in the Proprietors' Records) on an up- from the Town farm to the Commons, land mound in which, the favorite head- The houfe of Mr. Gray Wilbor is prob- quarters of this Squaw-fachem feem to ablj now the neareft dwelling to the have been. It is that fwamp through fite of this lair of Awafhonks. I am which what is called the "fwamp road" told that an old Indian burjing-ground palfes, in croffing from the road from is ftill traceable in that vicinity. 76 [ " ] Son Peter, their Chief Captain, and one Noinpaf/i,^''^ (an Indian that Mr. Church had formerly a particular refpe6l for) to meet him two dayes after, at a Rock at the lower end of Capt. Rzchmo7ids Farm; which was a very noted place ;^'* and if that day fhould prove Stormy, or Windy, they were to expert him the next moderate day.^'^ Mr. Church telling George, that he would have him come with the Perfons mentioned, and no more. They giving each other their hand upon it parted, and Mr. Chirch went home,^"^ and the next Morning to New-port, and informed the Government, what had paffed between him and the Sogkonate Indians. And defired their permit for him and Daniel Wilcock^'^ (a Man that well underftood the Indian ^"' Nompa/Ii {Nitinpoy/i, Numpits, Nitmpas) was appointed by Pljmouth Court, I Nov., 1676, with Petananuet (note 23, mite) and another Indian, to have the overfight of the fubmitted In- dians weft of Sippican River; and ferved as Captain of the Saconet In- dians in the firft Expedition to the Eaftward, in 1689. {^Plym. C.R.v: 215.] ^"* yohn Richmond was one of the original proprietors of Little Compton, and drew the land here referred to in the firft divifion by lot, 10 April, 1674. It is the farm now owned by William H. Chafe, and next north of that of Jofeph Brownell. The rock is ftill in exiftence, and well known in the neigh- borhood as " Treaty Rock." It is a dark fine-grained gneifs, lying, like an em- bedded bowlder, in a cultivated field, and evidently a good deal worn down by the attritions of hufbandry and the vifits of the curious. It is faid that the Indians ufed to leave traces on it, but few if any of them are now diftinguifti- able. The rock is not immediately on the Ihore, but well up the afcent of a beautiful flope, not far from 500 paces from the water's edge, and fome 30 paces north of the northern boundary of Mr. Brownell's land. The landing oppo- fite to it is, perhaps, a half mile north of what is now known as Church's Point. i"5 Probably becaufe croflTmg in a ca- noe— Ihould that be necemiry — would be impoflible in a day windy enough to raife even the moft moderate fwell. i'*5 That is to Almy's houfe, near the Portfmouth landing of Fogland ferry. (See note 158, atitc.) 1" Daniel Wilcocks would feem to be a fon of Daniel, who was chofcn to the " grand inqueft " at Newport by the inhabitants of Portfmouth, R.-I., March 77 [ " ] Language) to go over to them. They told him, They thought he was mad, after fuch Service as he had done, and fuch dangers that he efcaped, now to throw away his Life, for the Rogues would as certainly kill him, as ever he went over; and utterly refufed to grant his permit, or to be willing that he fhould run the rifque. Mr. Church told them. That it had ever been in his thoughts Jince the War broke out, that if he could difcourfe the Sogkonate Indians, he co7ild draw thcjn off from Philip, a7id employ them againfl him \ but coicld, till now, never have an Opportunity to fpeak with any of them, and zuas very lothe to lofe it, &c. At length, they told him, If he would go, it fliould be only with the two Indians that came with him;^'^ but they would give him no permit under their hands. He took his leave of them, Refolving to profecute his defign; they told him they were forry to I3> 1643; in 1678 had £10 granted him who complained of an outrage of the on account of a lawluit from Rhode- Sherifi' of Briftol County, at Little Illand, by Plymouth Court; in 1679 Compton, in 1695; whofe marriage in became one of the purchafers of land Rhode-Illand, with Mary Wordell, was atPocaffet; in 1686 (down as "of/'a«- declared illegal, 23 March, 1696-7, and /•otoy?") was bound over in £500 to an- of whom Bellomont complained, in fwer for purchafing land of an Indian 1699, as having been convidted of high contrary to law; and in 1690 was ob- mifdemeanor and fined, and as having fcurely complained of, in the half-oblit- made his efcape, I cannot determine, erated record, as making a " tumultuous Perfons of the name ftill own land at oppofition " to Thomas Hinckley's tak- Pww/iv^/cci neck in Tiverton, R.-I. [i?.- ing poffeflion of a grant of land at Sac- I. Col. Rec. i: 76; ii : 307, 323, 393; onet. Whether he was the fame Daniel Plyjn. Col. Rcc. v : 261 ; vi : 30, 202, Willcocks who married Elizabeth Cook, 245; viii ; 23.] of Plymouth, 28 Nov., 1661 ; who was i« That is, who paddled him from a proprietor at Saconet, 10 Apr., 1673; Falmouth. 78 [ 23 ] fee him fo Refolute, nor if he went did they ever expe6l to fee his face again. He bought a Bottle of Rhum, and a fmall role of To- bacco, to carry with him, and returned to his Family. The next Morning, being the day ap [23] pointed for the Meeting, he prepared two light Canoo's for the defign, and his own Man, with the two Indiaiis for his company. He ufed fuch arguments with his tender, and now almoft broken hearted Wife, from the experience of former pre- fervations, and the profpe6t of the great Service he might do, might it pleafe God to fucceed his defign, &€. that he obtained her confent to his attempt; and committing her, his Babes and himfelf to Heavens prote6lion. He fet out, they had from the Shore about a League to paddle ;^'^ drawing near the place, they faw the hidians fetting on the bank, waiting for their coming. Mr. Church fent one of the Indians a-fhore in one of the Canoo's to fee whither it were the fame hidians w^hom he had appointed to meet him, and no more; and if fo to ftay a-fhore and fend George to fetch him. Accordingly George came and fetched Mr. Church a-fhore, while the other Canoo play'd off to fee the event, and to carry tydings if the Indiatis fhould prove falfe. Mr. Church afk'd George whether AiuaJJionks and the other hidians he appointed to meet him were there ? He i"9 It is juft about that diftance from ante), to the Ihore oppofitc Treaty "Sandy Point," juft fouth of the prob- Rock; the courfe being very nearly able fite of Ahny's houfe (fee note 158, S.E. by S. 79 [ ^3 ] anfwered they were. He then alk'd him, If there were no more than they whom he appointed to be there ? To which he would give him no dire6t anfwer. However he went a-fhore, where he was no fooner landed, but Awa- JJionks and the reft that he had appointed to meet him there, rofe up and came down to meet him; and each of them fuccellively gave him their hands, and expreffed them- felves glad to fee him, and gave him thanks for expofing himfelf to vilit them. They walk'd together about a Gun- fhot from the water to a convenient place to fit down.-^^ Where at once a-rofe up a great body oi India7is, who had Iain hid in the grafs, (that was as high as a ^Nlans wafte) and gathered round them, till they had clos'd them in; being all arm'd with Guns, Spears, Hatchets, &c. with their hair trim'd and faces painted, in their Warlike ap- pearance. It was doubtlefs fome-what furprizing to our Gentleman at firft, but without any vilible difcovery of it, after a fmall filent paufe on each lide, He fpoke to Azva- J7io7iks, and told her. That George had informed him thatJJie had a d^Jire to fee hi?n, and difcotirfe about inaki7ig peace with the Englifh. She anfwered. Yes. Then faid Mr. Chtcrch, It is ctijlomary when People fneet to treat of Peace to lay afide their Arms, and not to appear in fnch Hoflile form as your People do : defired of her that if they might talk about Peace, which he defired they might. Her men might lay afde their Arms, and appear m,ore treatable. ^^^ Doubtlefs to the rock itfelf. which. from 1200 to 1300 feet — from the as I have faid, is about 500 paces — or beach. 80 [ H] Upon which there began a coniiderable noife and murmur among them in their own Language. Till Awa/h4ynks ask'd him. What Arms they Ihould \a.\ do\^Ti, and where? He (perceiving the Iiidiaiis look'd ver\' furlv, and much dilplealed ) Replied. Only tJicir Guris at fonu fmall dijlancc^ for forj7ialiiy fake. Upon which with one confent they laid afide their Guns, and came and fat dov^Ti. Mr. Church pulled out his Callebafh -^'-^ and asked Awajho7iks^ WJuth^r Jli£ had [24] lived fo long <7/ Wetu- let,^" as to forget to dri?tk Occapechees;^^ and drinking to her. he perceived that fhe watch'd him ven* diligently, to lee (as he thought) whether he Iwallowed any of the Rhum; he offered her the Shell, but fhe defired him to drink again firll, He then told her, T/wre was jw poifon in it, and pouring fome into the Palm of his hand, fup'd it up, and took the Shell and drank to her again, and drank a good Swig which indeed was no more than he needed. Then they all llanding up, he faid to Aivaflwnks. You zcont drijik for fear there fJwuld be poifon in it: And then handed it to a little ill look'd fellow, who catched it readily enough, and as greedilv would have fwallowed the Liquor when he had it at his moutli; But Mr. Church catch'd him by the throat and took it from him. asking him. MlutJur lu 1^^ A gourd veffel. or drinking cup, Indians had been gatliered. (See note made of ibnie tough Ihell ; vrhich. in 149. antt.') thofe davs, Tvhen potterv was colllier '-« Occafccics is a diminutive from than novr. was in common ufe. They occa/^', or. as Eliot wrote it, Omkmffc^ were, in the lal\ generation, often made '• ftrong drink." It means, therefore, of a cocoa-nut ihell. '• little rtrong drinks." " drams." ^Ab- ^^ WaciMjlii, where Philip and his naki, ^-a'kblbi, r<7* df r;V. Ralles.) li Si [ h] intended to /wallow Shell and all ? And then handed it to AwaJJionks, fhe ventured to take a good hearty dram, and pafs'd it among her Attendants. The Shell being emptied, he pulled out his Tobacco^ and having diftributed it, they began to talk. Awa/Iionks demanded of him, the Reafon w^hy he had not (agreeable to his promife when fhe faw him laft) been down at Sogko7tate before now; Saying that probably if he had come then according to his promife, they had never jo37ned with PJiilip againfl the EngliJJi. He told her he was prevented by the Wars breaking out fo fuddenly. And yet, he was afterwards coming down, & came as far as Pujikatee/e, where a great many Indians fet upon him, and fought him a whole afternoon, tho' he did not come prepared to fight, had but Nineteen Men with him, whofe chief defign was to gain an Oppor- tunity to difcourfe fome Sogkonate Indians. Upon this there at once arofe a mighty Murmur, confufed noife, & talk among the fierce look'd Creatures, and all rifing up in an hubbub; and a great furly look'd fellow took up his Tomhog^ or wooden CutlaJJt^ to kill Mr. Church, but fome others prevented him. The Interpreter asked Mr. Church, if he underftood what it was that the great fellow (they had hold of) faid ? He anfwered him. No. Why, faid the Interpreter, He fays, you killed his Brother at Punkatee/e, and therefore he thirfts for your blood. Mr. Church bid the Interpreter tell him that his Brother began firfl ; That if he had kept at 82 [ 25 ] Sogkonate according to his defire and order, he fhould not have hurt him. Then the chief Captain commanded Silence^ and told them, That they Ihould talk no more about old things, &c. and quell'd the tumult, fo that they fat down again, and began upon a difcourfe of making Peace with the EngliJJi. Mr. Church ask'd them. What Propofals they would make, and on zvhat terms they would break their League with Philip? Defiring them to make fome Pro- pofals that he might carry to his Mailer's, telling them that it was not in his Power to conclude a Peace with them, but that he knew that if their Propofals were reafonable, the Government would not be unreafonable, [25] and that he would ufe his Intereft in the Government for them. And to encourage them to proceed, put them in mind that the Pequots ^^ once made War with the EngliJJi, and that 1^* The name Pequot was given by animate objedl fpecified, the verb is the neighboring tribes to what was prop- Paguati6og; whence probably Win- erly an off-lhoot of the Mukkekanceiv throp's Pcquitis. It is fingular that lb (^Mohican and Mo/iegan) nation, and obvious an etymology, or rather tranf- was poffibly affumed by themfelves, as lation, has hitherto efcaped notice. " the dejlroyers" of their enemies. The The name, like that given to the " Mo- early Dutch voyagers called them Pe- hawks," exprelTes the terror with whicii quattoos and Pequatocs ; Roger Wil- this warlike race was regarded by other liams writes jPf^^w/^rfo^^, &c. ; Winthrop, New-England tribes. [Winthrop, Pekoatk, elfewhere Pequins, Sic. The Jour7tal, i: 52, 72, 122.] Indian verb fignifying " to deftroy," Their territory extended from the "to make havoc," has, before an inani- Niantic on the weft to the Paucatiick mate objea, Paguatoog (as Eliot writes on the eaft ; fome 30 miles in length by it, e.g.. Is. iii: 12) in the third perfon fome 20 in breadth, moftly in Connec- pluralofthe indicative, " they deftroy." ticut. The "Pequot war" took place This agrees almoft exadly with Roger in 1636-8. [De Foreft's ////?. Ind. of Williams's form of the name. With an Conn. 58; R.-I. Hijl. Coll. iii : 161.] 83 [ ^5 ] after they fubje6led themfelves to the EngliJJi^ the Englijli became their Protestors, and defended them againft other Nations that would otherwife have deftroyed them, &c. After fome further difcourfe, and debate, he brought them at length to confent that if the Government of Plymouth would firmly ingage to them, That they, and all of them, and their Wives and Children, JJionld have their Lives /pared, and no7te of them Iran/ported out of the Country, they ivotild fubfefl them/elves to them, and ferve them in what they were able. Then Mr. Chiireh told them, That he was well fatisfyed the Government of Plymotcth would readily concur with what they propofed, and would fign their Articles: And complementing them upon it, how pleafed he was with the thoughts of their return, and of the former friendfliip that had been between them, &e. The chief Captain rofe up, and expreffed the great value and refpeft he had for Mr. Church; and bowing to him faid, Str, If yoii I plcafe to accept of me and my mc7i, and zuill head us, we' I fight for you, and will help you to Philips head before Indian Corji be ripe And when he had ended, they all exprefs'd their confent to what he faid, and told INIr. Church they loved him, and were willing to go with him and fight for him, as long as the EnglifJi had one Enemy left in the Country. Mr. Church affured them. That if they proved as good as their word, they fhould find him theirs and their Chil- 84 [ ^5 ] dren's fafl friend. And (by the way) the friendfhip is maintained between them to this day.^^ Then he propofed unto them, that they fhould choofe five men to go ftraight with him to Plyiiiouth : They told him, No ; they would not choofe, but he fhould take which five he pleafed: fome complements palTed about it, at length it was agreed, They fhould choofe Three, and he Two. Then he agreed, with that he would go back to the Ifland that Night, and would come to them the next Morning, and go thro' the Woods to Plyjjwict/i. But they afterwards obje6ted. That this travelling thro' the Woods w^ould not be fafe for him; the Enemy might meet with them, and kill him, and then they fhould lofe their friend, and the whole defign ruined befide. And therefore pro- pofed. That he fliould come in an Englifh Veffel, and they would meet him and come on board at Sogkoiiate-point^ 1^5 This was wi-itten in 1715 or 1716. each place. [See original printed Re- in June, 1698, Rev. Grindal Rawlbn, of port to Comm. for Prop. Go/pd, made Mendon, and Rev. Samuel Danforth, July 12, 1698.] In 1700 there were faid of Taunton, " Preachers to the Indians to be 100 Indian men ftill living in in their own tongue," vifited Little Little Compton. About 1750, a mort Compton, and reported that thev found deftruftive fever caufed great mortality two plantations of Indians there, at among them ; fo that in 1774 the R.-I. Saconct and Coke/Ft (on the borders cenfus reported there only i male and of Dartmouth); that Samuel Church, 13 females above 16 yrs., and 5 males alias So/ickawahham, taught the firft, and 6 females under that age, — 25 in and had ordinarily 40 hearers, of whom all. In 1803 there were "not more 20 were men; and that, at the fecond, than 10" there. So far as I can learn Daniel Hinckley taught eleven families in the town, there is not one perfon twice every Sabbath. A fchoolmafter, with any trace of Indian blood recogniz- named A/iam, alfo labored at Cokcjit, able in his veins there now. [i Mafs. and there were two Indian rulers at Iliji. Coll. ix : 204; x: 114, 119.] S5 [ 26 ] and Sail from thence to Sandwich : which in fine, was concluded upon. So Mr. Church promifing to come as foon as he could poflibly obtain a VcfTcl, and then they parted. lie re- turned to the Ifland, and was at great pains and charge to get a Veflel, but with unaccountable difappointments; fometimes by the falfenefs, and fometimes by the faint- hcartednefs of Men that he bargained with, and fomething by Wind and Weather, &c. [26] Until at length Mr. Anthony Low^^^ put into the Ilar- bour^*^' with a loaden Veflel bound to the Weftward, and being made acquainted with Mr. Churches cafe, told him, That he had Jo much kind^iefs for him, and was fo p leafed with the bufi7iefs that he was ingaged in, that he would rtm the veiiture of his Veffel & Cargo, to wait upon him. Accordingly, next Morning they fet Sail with a Wind that foon brought them to Sogkonate-point\ but coming there they met with a contrary wind, and a great fwelling Sea. The hidians were there waiting upon the Rocks, but ^^ Aytthony L01VC {Loe), fon of John, there in May, 1704, and conflable there Bofton, removed after 1654 to Warwick, in Odt., 1706; or whether that Anthony R.-I.; in 1658 was fined £3, by Plym- were his fon, I cannot determine, outh Court for felling a piflol to an In- [Savage's Cren. Didi. iii : 125; Plym. dian, at Eaftham ; in 1680 owned land Col. Rec. iii: 137; vi ; 56, loi ; R.-I. adjoining Nathaniel Peck's in Swanfey, Col. Rec. iii : 498, 571.] and in 1682-3 was living at Swanfey, "^^ Newport Harbor, as I suppofe. and had an Indian flave named James, There is nothing that can be called a to whom the Plymouth Colony ordered harbor on the eafl: fhore of the ifland. his freedom and " a good fuite of Newport was not more than five or fix clothes." Whether he afterwards re- miles from Capt. Almy's houfe in turned to Warwick, and was freeman Portfmouth. 86 [ 26 ] had nothing but a miferablc broken Canoo to get aboard in. Yet Pt'/er Awajlionks ventured off in it, and with a great deal of difficulty and danger got aboard. And by this time it began to Rain and Blow exceedingly, and forced them away up the Sound ;^^^^ and then went away thro' Brijhl Ferry, round the Illand to Nac-porty carrying Pttcr w^ith them. Then Mr. CJnirch difmifs'd Mr. Loii\ and told him. That ijiafmnch as Providence opposd his going by Water^ a7id he cxpeiled that the Army would he up in a few days, and probably if he fJiouhi be gone at that junflure^ it ynight mine the whole dejign ; would therefore yield his I\yyage. Then he writ the account of his ti-anfa6lions with the Indians^ and drew up the Propofals, and Articles of Peace, and difpatch'd Peter with them to Plymouth; that his Honour the Governour if he faw caufe might fign them. Peter was fet over to Sogkonate on the Lords day^*^ '*« That is the " Eart Panagc," or Narraganfct River. 189 Tiiis would Icoin to have been Sab., 25 June, 1676. The arTiiv, by the Court order (note 165, ro & con about them; and that he had prom- ifed to meet them, and that he had incouraged them, that he thouo^ht he mig^ht obtain of his Honour a Commiffion to lead them forth to fight Philip. His Honour fmilingly told him. That he Jliould not watzt Commijfwn if he would accept it, 7ior yet good Englifii 7nen enough to make up a good Army. But in fhort, he told his Honour the time was expired that he had appointed to meet the Sogkonates at Sandwich. The Governour asked him, when he would go? He told him that afternoon, by his Honours leave. The Governour ask'd him, How many Men he would have with him? He anfwered. Not above half a dozen, with an order to take more at Sandwich, if he faw caufe ; and Horfes provided. He no fooner moved it, but had his number of Men tendering to go with him, among which was Mr. Jabcz Howland,^"' and Nathanael South- 2''7 Jabcz Hozvlaiid \y7\9, foil of John, gers ; removed to Briftol, R.-I., and who came as attendant of Gov. Carver was licenfed to keep an inn there in in the Mayflower; was fined at Pljm- i6Si, and was feledlman there in 1682, outh, March 5, 1666-7, 3.f.4f/, for a breach 1685, and 1690; was enfign of a mili- of the peace, in ftriking Jofeph Billing- tarj company there in 16S4; deputy- ton; ferved on a trial jury in 1671 and thence in 1689 and 1690. He married 1677, and on a coroner's jury in 1671 Bethia, dau. of Anthony Thacher, and and 1673; was conftable of Plymouth had ten children. [Savage's Gen. Did. in 1675; petitioned for a grant of land ii : 479; Plym. Col. Rec. iv : 140; v: in 1675, in virtue of the Court order 82, 88, 122, 165, 170, 255; vi : 78, 84, preferring children born here to ftran- 131, 169, 206, 241.] 94 [ 28] worth -^"^^^ they went to Sandwich that Night; where Mr. Church (with need enough) took a Nap of Sleep. The next Morning with about i6 or i8 Men proceeded as far as Agawom^~^ where they had great expe6lation of meeting the Indians^ but met them not; his Men being difcouraged about half of them returned; only half a dozen ftuck by him, & promifed fo to do until they fhould meet with the India7is. When they came to Sippican River^^^ Mr. How- /andhegan to tyre, upon which Mr. Church left him, and two more, for a Referve at the River, that if he fhould meet with Enemies and be forced back, they might be 208 X^atha7iiel Soutlnvorth, fecond fon of Conftant, was born at Plymouth, 1648 ; furveyor of highways 1673 ; ferved on trial jury in 1677 > '^^'^ con- ftable of Plymouth, and ferved on coro- ner's jury in 1678; was fined 105. in 1681, for refufing to aid the conftable of Plymouth ; ferved on coroner's jury in 1684; was a fele/ the warriors of his own nation or had, with the Indians, a more reftricled tribe." [Drake's Church (2d ed.), 91.] 98 [ 30 ] Knots and Tops, &c. was fired, and all the Indians great and fmall gathered in a ring round it. AwaJJionks with the oldeft of her People Men and Women mix'd, kneeling down made the firft ring next the fire, and all the lu%, ftout Men ftanding up made the next; and then all the Rabble in a confiafed Crew fiirrounded on the out-fide. Then the chief Captain llep'd in between the rings and the fire, with a Spear in one hand and an Hatchet in the other, danced round the fire, and began to fight with it, making mention of all the feveral Nations & Companies of Indians in the Country that were Enemies to the Englifli ; & at naming of every particular Tribe of Vidians, he would draw out & fight a new fire brand, & at his finifli- ing his fight with each particular fire-brand, would bow to him and thank him; and when he had named all the feveral Nations and Tribes, and fought them all he ftuck down his Spear and Hatchet, and came out; and another Itept in and a6led over the fame dance, with more fury, if polfible, than the firft; and when about half a dozen of their chiefs had thus a6led their parts. The Captain of the Guard fl;ept up to Mr. Church and told him. They were making Sotihiiers for him, and what they had been doing was all one Swearing of theni'^^^ and having in that manner 216 (I The principle of enliftment is he chants his own fong, and is greeted fufficientlv well preferved Each war- with redoubling jells. Thefc ceremo- rior that rifes and joins the war-dance, nies are tantamount to ' enliftment,' and thereby becomes a volunteer for the trip. no young man who thus comes forward He arms and equips himfelf; he pro- can honorably withdraw." ISc/iool- vides his own fuftenance ; and when he craft's Information refpe(^ing the In- fteps out into the ring, and dances, dian Tribes of t/ie U.S. \o\. 'n: S(),6o.'\ 99 [3o] ingaged all the Injly Jlotit men. AwaJJwjiks & her chiefs came to Mr. CJmrch\ and told him, That now they were all ingaged to Jight for the Englifh, and he might call forth ally or any of them at any time as he faw occafion to fight the Enemy \ and prefented him with a very fine Firelock. Mr. Church accepts their offer, drew out a number of them, and fet out next Morning before day for Plymouth^ where they arrived fafe the fame day. The Governour being informed of it, came early to Town next Morning : and by that time he had EnglifJi Men enough to make up a good Company, when joyned with Mr. Chtirches Indians, that offered their Voluntary Service to go under his Command in queft of the Enemy. The Governour then gave him a Commiffion, which is as follows, f~^Aptai7i Benjamin Church, you are hereby Nominated^ ^-^ Ordered^ CommiJfion''d, and Impowred to raife a Com- pany of Volunteers of about 200 Me7i, Englifh and Indians; the Englifii not exceeding the number of 60, of which Com- pany, orfo many of them as you can obtain, orfiiallfee catife at prefent to improve, you are to take the comma^id and con- duit, and to lead them forth now and hereafter, atfuch time, and unto fuch places within this Colony, or elfe where, within the confederate Colonies, as you fiiall tlmik fit ; to difcover, purfue, fight, furprize, dcfiroy, or fubdue our Indian Ene- mies, or any part or parties of them that by the Provide7ice of God you may 7neet with ; or them or any of them by treaty and compofition to receive to mercy, if you fee reafon [31 ] (^provided they be not MnrderoJis Rogtics, or fuck as have been prijicipal AHoi's in thofe Villanies:') And forafmtich as your Company may be ti7icerta{n, and [31] the Perfons often changed, You are alfo hereby impowred with advice of your Company to chufe and Comniiffionate a Lieiitenant, and to eflablifJt Serjeants, and Corporals as you fee caufe : And you herein improving yoicr befi judgmeiit and difcrction and utmofl ability, faithfully to Serve the Intcrefl of God, His Majefiys, Interefl, and the hiterefl of the Colony ; and care- fully governing your faid Company at ho7ne and abroad : thefe fJiall be unto you full and ample CommifJio7i, Warraiit and Difcharge. Given under the Publick Seal, this 2\th Day of]M\y, 16^6?^' Perjof. Winflow, GOV. '^i" There is a miftake in the infertion of this commiffion here, not unnatural when the lapfe of time before the record was made, is taken into the account. This is not the commiffion which Church firfl received, and on which he firft went out (as Judge Davis thought, inferring a mifprint in the date, of the 24th for the 14th [Morton's Memorial, 449] ) » ^^^ ^^^^ " enlarged " one which was afterwards given him. This is ob- vious, firft, from its date. If Church arrived at Plymouth on Friday, 7 July (fee note 204), he muft have found Awalhonks at Mattapoifett on Saturday, 8 July, and returned to Plymouth on Sunday, the 9th ; in which cafe the Governor came to town and comniif- fioned him on Monday, the loth July, and he fet off " the fame night into the woods," on his firft expedition as Cap- tain. There are no data for abfolute certainty as to this. But the Colony Records make it clear that he muft have been out on at leaft one fucceff- ful expedition before the t-j:enty-fccond of July, becaufe they contain a Court order of that date, that all volunteers taking prifoners " Ihall haue the one halfe of them for theire pains and ven- ture, from the day of the date heerof, includeing thofc prifoners alfoe lajl brought in by Benjamine Church and his cotnpanic.'" [P/ym. Col. Rec. v: 207.] The Rev. Mr. Walley, alfo, writing to the Rev. Mr. Cotton [Davis's Morton's Memorial, p. 449] under date of 18 July, 1676, fays, " I am glad of the fuccels Ben. Church hath; it is the good fruit of the coming in of Indians [ 31 ] Receiving Commiffion, he Marched the fame Night into the Woods, got to Middleberry ^^^ before day ,2^^ and as foon as the Hght appeared, took into the Woods and Swampy thickets, towards a place where they had fome reafon to expe6l to meet with a parcel of Narragaiifet Indians^ with fome others that belonged to Mount-hope: Coming near to where they expe6ted them, Capt. Chirc/i's, Indian Scout difcovered the Enemy, and well obferving their fires, and poflures, Returned with the intelligence to their Captain, who gave fuch dire6tions for the furrounding of them, as had the direct effect; furprizing them from every fide fo unexpe6ledly, that they were all taken, not fo much as one efcaped. And upon a llrick examination, they gave intelligence of another parcel of the Enemy, at to us ; thofe that come in are conquered and help to conquer others." But Church had done nothing in this cam- paign which could be fo referred to, previous to his fetting off into the woods, here fpoken of. Therefore Mr. Walley muft refer to the refults of this expedition to Namasket and Monponfet, which muft, by confequence, have taken place between the loth and iSth of July. It will be feen, alfo, further on, that Church twice ftates that he kept up this guerrilla warfare " feveral weeks " ; and then proceeds to narrate, as if taking place fubfequently, his fet- ting out for Bridgewater in purfuit of Philip; which, by his account, was on Sunday, 30th July. If his firft expedi- tion was, as I fuggeft above, on Mon- day, the loth, only three weeks would intervene to make good his " feveral." Then, in the fecond place, the very terms of the commiffion itfelf Ihow that it was that " enlarged " one to which he fubfequently refers ; becaufe it gives him ■ authority to " commiffionate officers under him," to " march as far as he fhould fee caufe, within the limits of the three United Colonies," to " receive to mercy, give quarter or not, &c. &c." [See p. 104.] "1* Middlcborongk is a very large town, whofe eaftern boundary is about 10 miles weft of the village of Plymouth. JVattiaJkct wa.ii its Indian name, — from llamas, " fifh " ; namas-ohke-ut, " at the filli-place": that portion of the town which ftill bears the name, being a noted filliing-place among the Indians. 2W Tuefday, 11 July, 1676.? [ 3' ] a Place called Munponfet-Pond'^ Capt. CJmrch haftning with his Prifoners, thro' the Woods to Plymoiitk, difpofed of them all, excepting only one Jeffery, who proving very ingenious & faithful to him, in informing where other par- cels of the Indians harboured Capt. Chtcrck promifed him, that if he continued to be faithful to him, he fhould not be Sold out of the Country, but fhould be his waiting man, to take care of his Horfe, &c. and accordingly he Served him faithfully as long as he lived. But Capt. Church was forth- with fent out again; and the Terms for his incouragement being concluded on : viz. That the Country Jliould Ji7id them Ammu7iition & Pro- vijion ; & have half the Prifoners^ & Arms, they took : The Captain and his EngliJJi Souldiers to have the other half of the Prifo7ters, and Arms ; and the Indian Souldiers the loofe Plunder, Poor incouragement ! But after fome time it was mended. They foon Captivated the Mu7tponfcts^^ and brought in, not one efcaping. This flroke he held feveral Weeks, ^^ Monfonfet {Moonponfet, Mauiii- meaning of its name, Mr. Trumbull penjing) pond is an irregularly oblong favs, " Monponfet I cannot refolve." fheet of water — perhaps averaging a ^ii j think Church ufes this term here mile and a quarter in length by three- to defignate that " parcel " of the " Nar- quarters of a mile in breadth, and al- raganfetts " who were temporarily en- moft divided into two equal parts by a camped at this notable filhing-place, tongue of land running down from its rather than to indicate that there was northern Ihore — lying in the northern any hoftile tribe of that name having a portion of the town of Halifax, Mafs., permanent refidence fo near to Ply- near to its jundtion with Hanfon and mouth, and deriving their dcllgnation Pembroke, and about lO miles W.N. from this pond. I find no trace of any W. from Plymouth. In regard to the such tribe in the records. 103 [32 ] never returning empty handed. When he wanted intelli- gence of their Kennelling Places, he would March to fome place likely to meet with fome travellers or ramblers, and fcattering his Company, would lye clofe; and feldom lay above a day or two, at the moft, before fome of them would fall into their hands: Whom he would compel to inform, where their Company was; and fo by his method of fecret and fudden furprizes took great Numbers of them Prifoners.^ The Government obferving his extraordinary courage and condu6l, and the fuccefs from Heaven added to it, faw caufe to inlarge his Commiffion; gave him power to raife, and difmifs his Forces, as he fhould fee occalion; [32] to Commiffionate Officers under him, and to March as far as he fhould fee caufe, within the limits of the three United Colonies: to receive to mercy, give quarter, or not ; excepting fome particular & noted Murderers ; viz. Philips and all that were at the deflroying of Mr. Clark's Garrifon, and fome few others ^^ Major Bradford being now at Taunton with his Army,^* ^^2 The arrangement mentioned Colony Record as " coepartenors in the above, by which thofe vohinteers re- outrage coiriitted att William Clarke's ceived one half of the value of the houfe, att the Eelriuer, 12 March, 1676." prifoners and arms which were taken, [^Plym. Col. Rec. v : 206.] as their pay for lervice; fheds light upon 224 gy the kindnefs of Mr. Haven of their efpecial anxiety to capture the the Antiquarian Society in Worcefter, enemy alive. and of Judge Collamore of Royalton, 223 This is the commiffion dated 24th Vt., I am in poffeffion of copies of a July, and inferted on p. 100. On the letter written from Taunton, on the i6th 2 1 ft July, three days before, the names of this month by Anthony Collamore, of eleven Indians were placed on the one of Bradford's army there, giving 104 [3^ ] and wanting Provifions; fome Carts were ordered from Plymouth for their fupply, and Capt. Church to guard fome account of their procedure, and fhedding a little light upon what has been a very obfcure portion of the war. As the letter has never, to my knowl- edge, been printed, I infert it in full : — " Tanton, this July y" i6, 1676. [Sunday.] "Deare and Loveing Wife, — After " my kind love to you prefented hopeing " thefe will find you in health, as bleffed "be God I am at writing hereof. So " likewife are all our Situate men & y' " reft of our army. Y° feventh [Mr. " Haven's copy makes this ' twelfth,' " and Judge Collamore queries whether "it be 'feventh' or 'twelfth;' but the "connection favors the former,] day of " this Inftant wee marched from tan- " ton towards Swanfy & from thence " to Matapoyfett [Gardner's neck, fee " note 48, atitc\ ; & fo continued in y' " perfuite of them untill y* fourteenth " day of y" above-faid Month; and wee " haue killed & taken upwards of a hun- " dred Indians; but never an Englilb " Man flain or wounded, only one or " two bewildered in y' wood & fo taken " by y' enemy [ * * * MS. illegible " * * * ], nor have we any of our "Indians flaine or wounded, but peter " Mahalen has a fmall wound in his "belly; wee intend to be in perfute of " Phillip tomorrow againe, we have per- " fued him fo clofe y' do wee almoft " defpaire; wee have followed him very "clofe from fwamp to fwamp, fo y' he " is enforced to fly with a very fmall "quantity of men with him becaufe H 105 'wee fhall not find him out; but I ' hope with y' Blefling of God wee fhall ' accomplilh our defire y' is to take 'him; thofe captives y wee have taken '***** they tell us y' Robin ' Bradifh & Cornelias y' ftole Mr. ' Culhen's cow, are gon doune between ' our town & hingum to do Mifchief ' there ; y* ii"" day of this Inftant there 'was about a 100 Indians made an on- ' fett on tanton ; they had burnt only ' two out houfes for there was 200 ' Englifti & Indians there prefent, ' which fruftrated them of their de- ' figne ; fo y' they have killed never ' a man there ; but they have killed 'one man fince; pray prefent my fer- ' vice to my Uncle & Aunt with my duty ' to my father and mother & my love ' to my children & brother & fifters & 'y* reft of my friends; Sarg' [Bar- 'ker? — Deane's Scituafe, 129, 216] is ' well fiting on a rock eating Biskett ' & Cheefe <& defires to be remembered 'to his wife; this being all at prefent ' from " Yo. ever Lo. Husband, " Anthony Collymer. " pray take an opportunity to gett two " bulhells of corn ground while y* wa- " ter lafts. "I hope there in no fear of y* In- " dians making an onfett on our towne " at prefent." [Anthony Collamore was nephew to Peter, one of the firft fcttlers of Scitu- ate, and received, by his will, a (hare of his eftate. He married, in 1C66, Saruh, [32 ] them.^ But he obtaining other guards for the Carts, as far as Middleborough, ran before with a fmall Company, hoping to meet with fome of the Enemy, appointing the Carts and their guards to meet them at Nema/ctct^^ about an hour after the Suns riling next Morning : he arrived there about the breaking of the day-light, dif- covered a company of the Enemy; but his time was too fliort to wait for gaining advantage; and therefore ran right in upon them. Surprized and Captivated about i6 of them: who upon examination, inform'd. That Tifpaquin^" one of the twin daughters of Ifaac Chittenden, and had five children (Mary, Peter, Sarah, Martha, Eliza- beth). He was loft on a coafting voyage from Scituate to Bofton, i6 Dec, 1693, on a ledge of rocks off Scit- uate beach, which, to this day, bears the name of Collamore's Ledge. He was commander of the militia of the town at the time, and was buried " un- der arms." — [Deane's Scituate, 239, 240.] ^^^ This expedition feems to have taken place 20-27 July. Increafe Ma- ther, writing under date of Saturday, 22 July, fays : " This week alfo, Capt. Church, oi Pliuwuth, with a fmall party confifting of about 18 Efigli/Jt and 22 Indians [Hubbard (p. 100) gives the fame as the number of the party] had four feveral engagements with the ene- my, &c."; going on to fpeak of the capture of Tialhq's fquaw, in a way to identify this as the expedition to which he refers. \^Brief Hijiory, 42.] 22« See note 218, ante. The exaft place in Middleborough here intended, I fuppofe to be, fay 30 rods above the bridge where the road from the Green to the Four Corners croffes the Nemasket River; where were rapids, and near which is now the Lower Fadlory, or Star Mills. 227 Tifpaquin {Tufpaqtiin, abbrev. from Wattifpaquin, alias the Black Sachem) was Sachem of Affawompfett, the territory furrounding the pond of that name in Middleborough. He re- ceived his land froin '■'■ Pamontaquajk, the Pond Sachem " (who was probably his father), by will dated 29 Odl., 1668. He deeded land, 9 Aug., 1667, to Hen- ry Wood; 17 July, 1669, with his fon William, to Experience Mitchel et al. ; 10 June, 1670, to Edward Gray; 30 June, 1672, to Edward Gray and Jofias Winflow; in 1673, to John Saufaman ; II Mar., 1673, to Felix, Saufaman's fon-in-law; 3 July, 1673, to Benjamin Church and John Tompfon ; 23 Dec, 1673, to Saufaman's daughter, called AJfoivetough ; i March, 1674-5, he and X06 [ 32 ] a very famous Captain among the Enemy was at AJfa- womp/et, with a numerous Company. But the Carts muft now be guarded, and the oppor- tunity of vifiting Tifpaquin muft now be laid afide: The Carts are to be faithfully guarded, left Tifpaquid fhould attack them. Coming towards Tatmton, Capt. CJmrch taking two Men with him, made all fpeed to the Town; and coming to the River fide,^^ he hollow'd, and inquiring of them that came to the River, for ]Maj. Bradford, or his Captains; he was inform'd, they were in the Town, at the Tavern. He told them of the Carts that were coming, that he had the cumber of guarding of them, which had already prevented his improving opportunities of doing Service. Pray'd therefore that a guard might be fent over to receive the Carts, that he might be at liberty; refuftng all invitations and perfwalions, to go over to the Tavern, to vifit the his fon William bail Tobias — accufed prefumed to have travelled, took fome- (and aften\-ards convidted) of Saufa- thing of the general courfe now taken man's murder — in lands to the value by the Middleborough and Taunton of £ioo; 14 May, 1675, they fell Affa- R.R., running fouth of that cul-dc-fac wompfett neck to John Tompfon et al., in which the Taunton River enclofes a as a fecurity againft the claims of fouth-eaft portion of Raynham, ftriking others. In the fpring of 1676 he was the river for croffing a few rods above at the head of fome 300 men, and had the place where it receives Little a hand in the attempt to burn Scituate, River, and there conneding, as I am 20 April, and Bridgewater, 8 May. informed, with what is now Summer \_Plym. Col. Rec. xii : 229, 230, 235; St. From the eaft bank of the river, V : 159: Drake's Book of the Itid. 193, where he now " hollow'd," to the town 194, 241, 242.] and the " tavern," muft have been -- The old road from Middleborough probably a third of a mile, or a little to Taunton, on which Church may be more. 107 l3i ] Major: he at length obtained a guard to receive the Carts; by whom alfo he fent his Prifoners to be convey'd with the Carts to Plymouth^ dire6ling them not to return by the way they came, but by Bridgwater?^^ Haftening back he purpofed to Camp that Night at AJfawompfet Neck.^^ But as foon as they came to the River that runs into the great Pond thro' the thick Swamp at the entering of the Neck;^^^ the Enemy fired upon them, but hurt not a Man. Capt. Chtirches Indians ran right into the Swamp and fired upon them, but it being in the dusk of the Evening, the Enemy made their efcape in the thickets: The Captain then moving about a Mile into the Neck, took the advantage of a fmall Valley to feed his Horfes; fome held the Horfes by the Bridles, the refl on the guard look'd fharp out for the Enemy, within hearing on every fide, and fome very near; but in the dead of the Night, the Enemy being out of hearing, or ftill, Capt. Chnrch moved out of the Neck (not the fame way he came in, leaft he fhould be Ambuf [33]cado'd) 229 'pj^g j.Q^j from Taunton to Pljm- on the weft ; fome four miles in length, outh by Bridgewater, to which Church and varying from two miles to 80 rods here refers, appears to have taken a tol- in width. This narroweft part is at erably ftraight courfe in a north-north- the northern entrance to the neck, eafterly direftion to what is now Weft where Long Pond and Afl'awompfett Bridgewater, and then bore away a come near together, and are connected little fouth of eaft toward Plymouth — by a little brook. through what are now Halifax, North -si The brook referred to in the laft Plympton, and Kingfton. note, which crofles the road to New -*5 The land, in what is now the town Bedford a little fouth of what has long of Lakeville, inclofed between Alfa- been known as Sampfon's Tavern ; now wompfett and Great Quitticas Ponds dignified as the Lakeville Houfe. on the eaft and north, and Long Pond 108 [33 ] toward Cn/Imct,'^ where all the Houfes were burnt; and croffing CnJJmet River,^^ being extreamly fategued, with two Nights and one Days ramble without Reft or Sleep; and obferving good forage for their Horfes, the Captain concluded upon baiting, and taking a Nap. Setting Six Men to watch the paflage of the River, two to watch at a time, while the other flept, & fo to take their turns; while the reft of the Company went into a thicket to Sleep under the guard of two Sentinels more. But the whole Com- pany being very drowfy, foon forgot their danger, and were faft a-fleep, Sentinels, and all. The Captain tirft awakes, looks up, and judges he had flept four Hours, which being longer than he defigned, immediately roufes his Company, and fends away a file to fee what were become of the watch at the paflage of the River, but they no fooner opened the River in fight, but they difcovered a company of the Enemy viewing of their tracts, where they came into the Neck;^*^ Capt. Church and thofe with him foon difpers'd into the brufli on each fide of the way, 232 Cujhnet {Acnyknct, AccuJ/Ztaneck, of 1675, — as, fee note 109, ante. [P/ym. AcuJJicnah, Ciijkenah, CuJJienett) was Col. Rcc. \\: dS-^ the name of the firll fettlement made at '^ They came down on the eaft fide the head of Acufhnet inlet, three miles of the river, and, where it runs into tide- north of New Bedford, where the river water, crofled to the weftern fide, on meets the tide. It is about iid miles their way to Ruflell's garrifon at Pona- almoft due fouth of that fpot in the ganfet. neck where Church paufed to feed his 234 The neck bet^veen the great cedar horfes. With Ponaganfctt and Coak- fwamp and the Pafcamanfet River, on fett it had been conftitiited a townfhip, the weft, and the head of Acufhnet named Dartmouth, S June, 1664 ; and inlet (now New-Bedford Harbor) on burned bj the Indians in the fummer the eaft. 109 [33 ] while the file fent, got undifcovered to the palTage of the River, and found their watch all faft a fleep: but thefe Tidings thoroughly awakened the whole Company. But the Enemy giving them no prefent difturbance, they ex- amined their Snapfacks, and taking a little refrefhment, the Captain orders one party to guard the Horfes, and the other to Scout,^^ who foon met with a Track, and follow- ing of it, they were bro't to a fmall company of Indians, who proved to be Little Eyes, and his Family, and near Relations, who were of Sogkonate, but had forfaken their Country men, upon their making Peace with the EngliJJi. Some of Capt. Churches Indians asked him. If he did not know that Fellow? Told him. This is the Rogue that would have killed you at Awafhonks Dance \^^ and fignified to him that now he had an opportunity to be revenged on him. But the Captain told them, It was not EngliJJz-mans faJJiion to feek revenge ; and that he JJiould have the fame quarter the refl had. Moving to the River fide, they found an old Canoo, with which the Captain ordered Little Eyes and his company to be carryed over to an Ifland;^^" Telling him, he would leave him on that Ifland until he returned'., 235 They muft have fcouted over the the fouthernmoft wharves of the latter, ground where the city of New Bedford FilTi, Pope's, and Crow Iflands, nearly now (lands. a mile further up, would not have en- 236 See note 19, ante. abled Lightfoot to look over upon Scon- 237 Probably what is now called Palm- ticut neck, as he feems next day to have er's Ifland, on which the inner light- done ; but the narrow entrance to that houfe ftands, midway of the channel, neck is in plain fight, two miles due juft as it narrows between Fair Haven eaft from the lower extremity of Palm- and New Bedford, and in the range of er's. no [34] and left the Englifti ftwuld light on than, mid hill them, he would leave his coufin Light-foot^^ {whom the Ejiglifti knew to be their Friend^ to be his guard. Little Eyes exprefled himfelf very thankful to the Captain. He leaving his orders w^ith Light-foot, returns to the Rivers fide towards Ponega7t/et, to Rujfels Orchard,^^ coming near the Orchard they clap'd into a thicket and there lodg'd the reft of the Night without any fire; and upon the Morning light appearing, moves towards the Orchard, difcovers fome of the Enemy, who had been there the day before, and had beat down all the Apples, and carryed them away; dif- covered alfo where they had lodg'd that Night, and faw the ground where they fet their baskets bloody, being as they fuppofed and as it was afterwards difcovered to be with the flefh of Swine, &c. which they had killed that da}'^: They had lain under [34] the Fences without any fires; and feem'd by the marks they left behind them to be very numerous, perceived alfo by the dew on the grafs that they had not been long gone; and therefore mov'd a-pace in purfuit of them. Travelling three Miles, or more, they came into the Country Road, where the track parted, one parcel fleered towards the Wefl end of the great Cedar Swamp, and the other to the Eafl end.^*' 238 Ligktfoot appears to have been -*" The three miles feem to have one of Awafhonks' Indians who volun- brought them near to what is now teered at Mattapoifet (p. 99). Church known as the village of North Dart- afterwards gave him the title of cap- mouth. The eaftern path (kirting the tain. He fought with Church in the fwamp ran over toward Aculhnet; the firft expedition eaft, in 16S9. weftern would fcem to have led up near See note no, rt«/e. where Turner's Mills now ftand, on [34] The Captain halted and told his Indian Souldiers, That they had heard as well as he, what fome Men had /aid at Plymouth about them, &c. That now was a good oppor- tunity for each party to prove them/elves : The Track being divided they JJwuld follow one, and the EnglifJi the other, being equal in number. The hidia^is declined the Motion, and were not willing to move any where without him; faid, theyfliould not think themfelves fafe without him. But the Captain inlifling upon it, they fubmitted; he gave the Indians their choice to follow which track they pleafed; they repl3^ed, They were light and able to Travel, therefore if he pleafed they would take the Wefl Track. And ap- pointing the Ruins of foJiJi Cooks Houfe at Cuf/met'^'^ for the weftern fide of the Pafcamanfet River, toward Saffaquin's Pond. The diftance round to the rendezvous at Acufhnet, bj the latter, was much the greater, and on this account the Indians chofe it, becaufe "they were light and able to travel." 2*^ yokn Cooke was fon of Francis, and came in the Mayflower with his father; married 28 March, 1634, Sarah, daughter of Richard Warren ; was dea- con of the Plymouth Church, but was caft out, in the latter part of Mr. Rey- ner's miniftry, for " having been the author of much diflenfion and divifion, and for afterwards running into fetfta- rian and anabaptiftical principles"; had a grant of land in Dartmouth, in June, 1664; became one of the firft fettlers of Acullmet ; was deputy from there in 1666, 1667, 16C8, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1683, and 1686; was authorized as a magiftrate there in 1667, 1684, ^^'^ 1689; had a controverfy with fome of the inhabi- tants of Dartmouth in regard to " Ram Ifland," which was fettled by the Court, I July, 1672 ; died at Dartmouth, 23 Nov., 1695, probably the only one of the paflTengers on board the Mayflower who lived through the entire exiftence of the Plymouth Colony ! Backus fays he be- came a Baptift minifter and "preached the doctrine of eledtion, with the other dodtrines of fovereign grace in Dart- mouth for a number of years " ; and thinks he founded the Baptift Church, near the borders of Tiverton and Dart- mouth, in 1685. His houfe — whofe ruins are here referred to — was fituated on the Fair-Haven fide of the AculTinet, about a mile north of the New-Bedford and Fair-IIaven Bridge, and about a third of a mile eaft of the river, in what is [34] the place to meet at ; each Company fet out briskly to try their Fortunes. Capt. C/mrck with his EnglifJi Soldiers followed their Track until they came near entring a miery Swamp, when the Capt. heard a Whiflle in the Rear, (which was a note for a halt) looking behind him, he faw William Fobes'^"-' ftart out of the Company and made towards him, who haften'd to meet him as faft as he could; Fobes told him they had difcovered abundance of Indians, and if he pleafed to go a few Heps back he might fee them himfelf: he did fo, and faw them a-crofs the Swamp, obferving them, he perceived they were gather- now called " Briinblecome's Orchard." The fite is almoft dire6llj oppofite the houfe of Mr. J. M. Howland now ftand- ing, and is a few rods fouth of the Woodfide Cemetery. A block-houfe alfo flood upon his land, perhaps half way from his houfe to the river. His farm was bounded on the weft by the Acufhnet, and ran back toward the eaft a mile and a half or more, and north and fouth at leaft as far, his houfe be- ing pretty nearly in the center of it north and fouth. [Savage's Geti. DiJl. i: 447; Plym. Col. Rec. iv : 67, 122, 14S, 153, 163, 180; v: 93, 97, 114, 144, 165, 256; vi : 10, 36, 61, 106, 147, 1S6, 217; Ricketfon's Uijl. Ncxv Bedford, 35, 314 ; Backus's Hijl. N. E. ii : 16, 18 ; Abridgment of do. 135 ; MS. letters from Mr. F. B. Dexter and Mr. Geo. H. Taber.] 2« Williatn Fobes {Fobbes, Vobes, Forbes) was the fourth fon of John Fobes (and Conftant, fifter of Experi- ence Mitchel), who was one of the early 15 ^ fettlers at Duxbury, and fubfequently one of the original proprietors of Bridgewater, where he fettled and died about i66r. William married, about 1667, Elizabeth, youngeft daughter of Conftant Southworth of Duxburj', — who feems to have been oppofed to the match, putting this item into his will : " I will and bequeath unto my daughter E. S. my next beft bed and furniture, with my wife's beft bed, provided fliee doe not marry William Fobbes ; but if fhee doe, then to have five fhillings." William was, of courfe, at the time of this Indian campaign, a brother-in-law of Church. lie afterwards fettled at Little Compton — I do not know wheth- er on the land there allotted to his ekier brother, Edward, who took it among the firft grantees in his father's right (fee note 7), — and went commiftary with Maj. Church, in the third expedi- tion eaft, in 1692. [Savage's Gen. Did. ii : 177; Winfor's Duxbury, 25S, 314; Mitchell's Bridge-vatcr, 159.] 13 [ 34] ing of H^ir tie- Berries, and that they had no apprehenfions of their being fo near them; The Captain fuppofed them to be chiefly Women, and therefore calling one Mr. Dil- lano^^ who was acquainted with the ground, and the Indian Language, and another named Mr. Barns ;'^ with thefe two Men he takes right thro' the Swamp as faft as he could, and orders the reft to haften after them. Capt. 2*3 I think this was yonatIia7t Delano {DcLamtcy, DeLa Noye, Dcla7ioy, Dal- lanoy, Dellajio^ Dclatioe), Ion of Philip, who came in the Fortune, in 162 1, and was one of the firft fettlers of Duxbury. Jonathan was born in 1648, and was confequently near 28 years of age at this time. He married, 26 Feb., 1678, Mercy, daughter of Nathaniel Warren, of Plymouth, and had eleven children. He became one of the early fettlers of Dartmouth (probably in his father's right of one Ibare among the 36 origi- nal proprietors, in 1652), which would account for his being " acquainted with the ground." He was " commiffion- ated " lieutenant (as I judge for his military experience in this war), 20 May, 1690; was conftable, town clerk, surveyor, seleAman, and, in 16S9, dep- uty from Dartmouth. He died 28 Dec, 1720; and his graveftone ftill remains in the old Acuflinet burying-ground. [Winfor's Duxbury, 251 ; Ricketfon's Nexv Bedford, 208, 386 ; Savage's Gen. Didl. ii : 34.] 2« The clew to identification here is flight ; but Church's Englifh foldiers on this expedition, were likelieft to be of Plymouth and its vicinity; and the Barnes known to me as beft fulfilling this and other natural conditions, is Jonathan, fecond fon of John, of Plv- mouth, 1632 (probably of Yarmouth, 1639), ^^'l^o married Mary Plummer. Jonathan was born 3 June, 1643, and was, confequently, at this time, a little more than 33 years of age. In March, 1664-5, with his father, he had a con- troverfy with Mr. Maherfhalalhaflibaz (an extraordinary chriftening borrowed from Isa. viii : i.) Dyer, of Newport, R.-I., in regard to a floop; in which he got the worfi: of it, to the amount of £13 and his own cofts. He mar- ried, 4 Jan., 1665, Elizabeth, daugh- ter of William Hedge, of Yarmouth, and had eleven children. 29 0(5l., 167 1, he was appointed, with the widow, adminiftrator on his father's eftate ; 3 June, 1673, the Court gave him, with another, liberty to adt as guardian of the children of his fifter Ma- ry, who had married Robert Marfhall ; in 1677 he was conftable of Plymouth ; in 1679 and 16S4 '^^ ferved on coroner's juries, and in 1667, 1672, 1681, 1684, and 1685, on trial juries. [Savage's Gen. Dii'i. i: 121; Plym. Col. Rec. v: 81, 216, 231; vi : 8, 148; vii : 121, 136, 172, 242, 243, 285, 298; viii: 31; Free- man's Hist, Cafe Cod, ii : 16, 1S6.] 114 [ 34 ] Church with Dilla7io & Barns having good Horfes, fpur'd on and where foon among the Thickeft of the Indiayis^ and out of fight of their own Men : Among the Enemy was an Indian Woman (who with her Husband had been drove off from Rhode- IJla7id^ notwithflanding they had an Houfe upon Mr. Sanford\ Land,^^ and had planted an Orchard before the War; yet the Inhabitants would not be fatif- fyed till they were fent off;^^ and Capt. Church with his Family, living then at the faid Sanfords, came acquainted with them, who thought it very hard to turn off fuch old, -*^ Peleg Sa?iford \_Sandford, Sam- ford'\ was fon qf John, who was one of the earlieft fettlers of Rhode-Ifland. lie, before 1665, married Mary, daugh- ter of Gov. Brenton; was admitted freeman at Newport, 1666 ; was made affiftant in 1667, and again in later years ; 1667 was chofen captain of a troop of horfe ; was appointed a Com- miffioner to England in the fame year, but did not go ; was General Treafurer in 1678, and afterward ; was elefted Major of all troops on the ifland in 1679; was chofen Governor, on Cran- fton's death in 1680, and again in 1681, 1682, and 1683, when he declined; came near being killed by pirates, in 1682 ; was chofen to go to England for the Colony in 1683, and had an Admi- ralty commiffion from the king in 1697-8, followed by a correfpondence with Lord Bellemont. It is not known when he died. His houfe was in New- port. [Savage's Geti. Di6l. iv : 15; R.-I. Col. Rec. ii: 147, 186, 218, 241, 565; iii: 5,8, 30, 80, 83, 97, 106, 120, i34> 394-] ^""^ The following order of the Court, pafled 13 March, 1675-6, will Ihow the ftate of feeling then exifting on the ifland in regard to the refidence of In- dians among them : " This AflTembly doe order, that whatfoever perfon in Rhode Ifland, or elfewhere in this Col- lony, that hath either Indian or Indians in his cufl:ody, from 12 yeares old and upward, fhall be bound in the daytime (if he goeth abroad from his houfe), to have a fufficient keeper in company with him, and to be locked up in the night in a fufficient place of fecurity; and that if any fuch Indian be found without fuch keeper in the day or lockt up in the night as abovefaid, all fuch mafter foe oftendinge fliall forfeitt £5; twenty-five fhillings fliall be to him that can take an Indian foe ofiendinge, and bring him before the Governor, or any magifl:rate; or by two fufficient witnefles to teftify againft the oflcndcr, and the i-emainder to the Generall Treafury." This order was publiflicd " by beate of drum." {^R.-I. Col. Rec. ii : 534-] "5 [35 ] quiet People: but in the end it prov'd a Providence & an advantage to him and his Family, as you may fee after- w^ards. This Indian Woman knew^ Capt. Churchy and as foon as file faw him, held up both her hands and came running towards him, crying aloud. Churchy Churchy Church. Capt. Church bid her Hop the reft of the In- dians^ and tell them. The way to fave their Lives was not to run^ but yield them/elves Pri/o?iers, and he would not kill them; [35] fo with her help, and Dillano''s, who could call to them in their own Language, many of them ftop'd and fuiTcndred themfelves ; others fcampering and cafting away their baskets, &c. betook themfelves to the thickets, but Capt. Church being on Horfe-back foon came up with them, and laid hold on a Gun that was in the hand of one of the foremoft of the company, pull'd it from him, and told him he muft go back. And when he had turned them, he began to look about him to fee where he was, and what was become of his Company, hoping they might be all as well imploy'd as himfelf, but could find none but Dillano, who was very bufy gathering up Prifoners; the Captain drove his that he had ftop'd to the reft, inquiring of Dillano for their Company, but could have no news of them. But moving back picked up now and then a skulk- ing Prifoner by the way. When they came near the place where they firft ftarted the Indians, they difcover'd their Company ftanding in a body together, and had taken fome few Prifoners; when they faw their Captain, they haftened to meet him : They told him they found it difHcult getting 116 [ 35 ] thro' the Swamp, and neither feeing nor hearing any thing of him, they concluded the Enemy had kill d him, and were at a great lofs what to do. Having brought their Prifoners together they found they had taken and kill'd 66 of the Enemy. Capt. Church then ask'd the old Squaw, What company they belonged 7tnto / She faid. They be- longed part to Philip, and part to Q^tnnappin'^' and the N^arragan/et-Sachem^^^ difcovered alfo upon her declar- ation that both Philip and Qunnappin were about two Miles off in the great Cedar Swamp ;^*° he enquired of her, What company they had with them ? She anfwered, Abtinda7ice of India^is : The Swamp, fhe faid, was full of hidians from one end unto the other, that were fettled there, that there were near an loo meit came from the Swamp with them, and left the77i tipon that plain to gather Hurtle-berry'' s, and pro7nifed to call them as they came back out of Sconticut- Neck,-^*^ whither they went to kill Cattel and Horfcs for "^^^ ^ti{7inapin{Panoquin,So-vagotii/Ji, at Dedham, 25-27 July, and who — &c.~) was a Narraganfett, and nephew doubtlefs with his followers — was like- of Miantutmomoh. He became an ally ly to have been at this time with of Philip, — one of his three wives Philip. [Drake's Book of Ind. 257.] being a filler of Wootouckanu/ke, Phil- 249 That, as I fuppofe, which is (till ip's wife, — was in the Narraganfett called by this name, two or three miles fwamp fight, and aided in the attack north-weft of the city of New Bedford, on Lancafter, 10 Feb., 1675 ; purchaf- and through which the road to Turner's ing Mrs. Rowlandfon of the Narragan- Mills now pafTes. fett who captured her at that time. He -*J The fouthern portion of the town was taken foon after the time of his of Fair Haven, projeding like a finger prefent mention, and was fliot at New- pointing toward the Elizabeth Klands, port, on fentence of a Court-martial, — fome 3 miles long by an average 25 Auguft, 1676. [Drake's Book of Ind. breadth of near \ of a mile, and forming 239; R.-I. Hifl. Coll. iii: 173.] the eaftern boundary of Ncw-Bcdford 2*8 Poflibly Pum/iam, who was killed Harbor. 117 [ 35 ] Provijions for the company. She perceiving Capt. Church move towards the Neck, told him, If they went that zuay they luoiild all be kiWd. He ask'd her, Where-about they croffed the River ? She pointed to the upper paffing phice.^^^ Upon which Capt. Church pafled over fo low dow^n as he thought it not probable they fhould meet with his Track in their return j^^^ and haftened towards the Ifland, where he left Little Eyes., with Light-foot.^^ Find- ing a convenient place by the River fide for the Securing their Prifoners,^^ Capt. Church and Mr. Dillano went down to fee what was become of Capt. Light-foot^ and the Prifoners left in his charge. Light-foot feeing and know- ing them, foon came over with his broken Canoo;^^^ and inform'd them. That he hadfeen that day about loo Me7i of the Enemy go down into Sconticut Neck, and that they were now returning again : Upon which they three ran down immediately to a Meadow where Light-foot faid the Indians had paffed; where they not only faw their Tracks, but alfo them: Where-upon they lay clofe until the En- 251 The "upper paffing place" was to fwim not more than loo yds. This where Church and his company had is juft north of the Wamlutta Mills in crofled, the night before, probably about New Bedford, where the bridge now is, at the Head -^^ See note 238, ante. of the River. [See note 233, ante.'\ ^^ Probably juft above Mill Creek, ^^^ Any lower croffing could hardly which flows into the Acufhnet juft be- have been accomplilhed, even at ebb low the prefent New-Bedford and Fair- tide, without fome fwimming or the aid Haven bridge. of a canoe. The likelieft place for this 255 pjg doubtlefs landed near Fort lower croffing feems to be from Belville Phoenix; then, with Church and De- to Ifland Marfla, where the river nar- lano, ran along to the road up out of rows fo that they would have needed Sconticut neck and the meadow. 118 [ 3^ ] emy came into the faid [36] Meadow, and the fore-moft fat down his load and halted, until all the company came up, and then took up their loads & march'd again the fame way that they came down into the Neck, which was the neareft way unto their Camp; had they gone the other way along the River,^^ they could not have miffed Capt. Churches Track, which, would doubtlefs have exposed them to the lofs of their Prifoners, if not of their lives. But as foon as the Coaft was clear of them, the Captain fends his Light-foot to fetch his Prifoners from the Ifland, while he and Mr. Dillano returns to the company, fent part of them to conduct L ight-foot & his company to the aforefaid Meadow, where Capt. Church and his company met them; crolTmg the Enemies Track they made all haft, until they got over Mattapoifet-river^' near about four Miles beyond the mines of Cooks Houfe, where he ap- pointed to meet his Indian company, whither he fent Dil- lano^ with two more to meet them; ordering them, that if the Indiajis were not arrived, to wait for them. Accord- ingly, finding no Indians there, they waited until late in the Night, when they arrived with their booty .^ They 256 The neareft path from Sconticut Mattapoifet Harhor, and its courfe for neck to the Acuflinet croffing, probably its laft 5 miles averages about 4 miles was then very nearly where the road eaft of the Aculhnet, on whofe fliore now is ; which averages a diftance of flood Cook's houfe. about a mile from the eaftern Ihore of ^^^ The weftcrn path around the great the Acufhnet. Church's path hugged cedar fwamp required much longer time that fliore, and, as he crolTed lower down, than the eaftern, over which Church his track nowhere touched theirs. had come ; and the Indians had that m 2- Mattapoifet River empties into mind inchoofing it. (See note240,a«/c'.) 119 [ 36 ] difpatch'd a Poft to their Captain to give him an account of their Succefs ; but the day broke before they came to him: And when they had compared Succelfes, they very remarkably found that the number that each Company had taken and llain, was equal. The hidians had kill'd 3 of the Enemy, and taken ^■y^ Prifoners, as the Englijli had done before them, both Engli/Ji and Indians were fur- priz'd at this remarkable Providence, and were both parties rejoycing at it; being both before afraid of what might have been the event of the unequal Succefs of the parties.^^^ But the Indians had the fortune to take more Arms than the Engli/Ji. They told the Captain, That they had mij/ed a brave Opportu7iity by parting ; They came upon a great Town of the Enemy ^ viz Capt. Tyasks^*^*^ com- pany, ( Tyasks was the next man to Philip^ They fired upon the Enemy before they were difcovered, and rail upon them with a fiiout ; the Men ran and left their Wives and Children, and many of them their Guns :^^'^ They took 259 The reference is to the prejudice ing his Gun behind him, and his ^'^r/mtt', — which Church referred to when he who was taken"; and Hubbard fays, made to the Indians of his party the " In June laft," — his chronology, of propofition to go by themfelves — ftill courfe, is in fault, — "one TiaJJiq, a exiftent in the Colony againft the In- great captain of his [Philip's], his wife dians as foldiers in that war; a preju- and child, or children, being taken; dice paralleled in obftinate perfiftence though he efcaped himfelf, at firft, yet by that fo long entertained by many came fince and furrendred himfelf." againft the colored troops in our recent \^B7-ief Hiji. 42 ; Narrative, ic6.] ftruggle. 2"i Mr. Drake fays, in his late edition 2«J Tyajhs {TiaJJiq) I find nothing of of Mather's ^;-/(/////?ci;'j' (p. 181, note), more than is here narrated, except that that " the place where these prifoners Mather fays of this fight, " Tia/Jiq were taken was probably in fome part Philip's Chief Captain ran away leav- of what is fince Rochefter." It is haz- [ 37 ] Tyasks Wife and Son, and thdt that if their Captain & the EfiglifJi company had been with them they might have taken fome hundreds of them: And now they determined not to part any more. That Night Philip fent (as afterwards they found out) a great Army to way-lay Capt. Church at the entring on of Affawompfet Neck, expe6ting he would have returned the fame way he went in; but that was never his method to return the fame way that he came; & at this time going another way he efcaped falling into the hands of his Ene- mies. The next day they went home by Scipica7i^'^ and got well with their Prifoners to Plymouth. He foon went out again; and this ftroke he drove many Weeks ;^'^^ and when he took any number of Prifoners, he would pick out fome that he took a fancy to, and would tell them, He took a particular fancy to them., and had chofe them for himfelf to make Souldicrs of ; and if any wo7cld behave themfelves well, he would do well by them, and theyfJiould be his men and not Sold out of the Cou7itry. [37] If he perceived they look'd furly, and his Indian Souldiers ardous for a neophyte to venture to their prefent pofition. on the eaft bank differ from one fo long and largely of the Mattapoifett River, to that point familiar with Indian affairs; but I think in the road to Plymouth, by Sippican, if Mr. Drake would take with him where Church difcovered Awalhonks Church's account over the country and her party. [See note 212, ««/<•.] traverfed, he would agree with me in ^"3 This is to be taken as a general fixing the place of Tialhq's capture as remark, covering Church's relation to fomewhere on the northern and weftern this fummer of the war, and not as fliirts of the " great cedar fwamp," in intimating that many weeks paffed what is now New Bedford. before the period of the next incident ^'^ It would be a Ihort four miles from which he fpecifically fets down. i6 121 [37 ] call'd them treacherous Dogs, as fome of them would fometimes do, all the notice he would take of it, would only be to clap them on the back, and tell them, Come^ come ^ you look wild and fur ly, and mutter^ but that Jignijies nothing, thefe my bejl Souldiers were a little while a go as wild and furly as you are noiv ; by that time you have been but one day along with me, yotCl love me too, and be as brisk as any of them,. And it prov'd fo. For there was none of them but (after they had been a little while with him, and fee his behaviour, and how chearful and fuccefsful his Men were) would be as ready to Pilot him to any place where the hidians dwelt or haunted (tho' their own Fathers or neareft Relations fhould be among them) or to fight for him, as any of his own Men. Capt. Church was in two particulars much advantaged by the great EngliJJt Army^*^ that was now abroad. One was, that they drove the Enemy down to that part of the Country, viz. to the Eaftward of Tauitton River by which means his bulinefs was nearer home. The other was that when ever he fell on with a pulh upon any body of the Enemy (were they never fo many) they fled expe6ting the great Army. And his manner of Marching thro' the Woods was fuch, as if he were difcovered, they appeared 2<5* Befides the Plymouth troops un- der Capts. Brattle and Mofely, were der Major Bradford, to whom Church affociated with Bradford's men ; befides has herein referred ; Major Talcot was Henchman's forces, which were fcour- in the field with fome 250 Englifh and ing the interior woods. [Palfrey's Hiji. 200 Mohegans from Connecticut, and N. E. iii : 197 ; Barry's HiJl. Ma/s. i : two companies from MaflTachufetts, un- 444, 445.] [37 ] to be more than they were. For he always Marched at a wide diftance one from another, partly for their fafety: and this was an Indian cuftom, to March thin and fcatter. Capt. C/inrck inquired of fome of the Indians that were become his Souldiers, How they got fuch advantage often of the EnglifJi in their Marches thro* the Woods ? They told him, That the Indians gain'd great advantage of the EnglifJi by two things ; The Indians always took care in their Marches and Fights, not to come too thick together. But the EnglifJi always kept in a heap together, that it was as eafy to hit them as to hit an Houfe. The other was, that if at any time they difcovered a company of EnglifJi Souldiers in the Woods, they knew that there was all, for the EnglifJi never fcattered; but the Indians always divided and fcattered. Capt. CJiurcJi now at PlytnoutJi, fomething or other hap- pen'd that kept him at home a few days, until a Poft came to Mar/Jificld on the Lords day Morning,^^ informing the Governour that a great army of Indians were difcovered, who it was fuppofed were deiigning to get over the River towards Taunton or Bridgwater, to Attack thofe Towns that lay on that fide the River.^^*^ The Governour haftned to PlymoutJi, raifed what Men he could by the way, came to Plymouth in the beginning of the forenoon Exercife; 265 Sunday, 30 July, 1676. great-river") River. In order to get at 2«6 Philip had been in the neighbor- Taunton and Bridgewatcr, which were hood of Affawompfet Pond, in Middle- on the northern and weftern fide, it was borough, on the fouthern and eaftern needful for him tocrofs; and, both for fide of Taunton {Tiiicui, i.e. Keh-teih- eafier croffing and to avoid the "great tuk-qut iEliof, Gen. xv : 18J, "on-the- army," he would move north to do it. 123 [38] fent for Capt. CJmrch out of the Meeting-houfe, gave him the News, and defired him immediately to Rally what of his Company he could; and what Men he had raifed fhould joyn them. The Captain beftirs himfelf, but found no Bread in the Store-houfe, and fo was forc'd to run from Houfe to Houfe to get Houfe-hold Bread for their March; but this nor any thing elfe prevented his Marching by the beginning of the afternoon Exercife; March- [sSJing w4th what Men were ready, he took with him the Poft that came from Bridgwater to Pilot him to the Place, where he tho't he might meet with the Enemy .^^'^ 237 Mitchell [in 2 Ma/s. Hijl. Coll. vii : 157, and in his HiJl. Bn'dgetvater, 39] gives an extradt from an old manu- fcript wh'ch he fuppoles to have been written bj Comfort Willis, who was "Town Trooper" at this time, which gives fome details flightly at variance with Church's account of the matter, but which, if genuine, muft take pre- cedence in authenticity. He fays, " On Saturday [29 July], Capt. Hay- ward, Sergt. Packard, John Willis, and Il'aac Harris, went out to fee if the In- dians were coming down upon them, and the}' faw an Indian, which made them think the enemy was at hand; and thej' immediately preffed Comfort Willis and Jofeph Edfon to go port to the Governor the fame day at night to tell him of it. And he [the Gover- nor] went to Plymouth with them the next day, [Sunday, 30 July] to fend Capt. Church with his company. And Capt. Church came with them to Mon- ponfet [Halifax] on the Sabbath, and came no further that day ; and he told them he would meet them the next day. And Comfort Willis and Jofeph Edfon came home at night, and told their friends of it, and Enfign Haward, Sam- uel Edfon, Jofiah Edfon, Jofeph Edfon, John Wafliburn, Samuel Walhburn, Thomas Walbburn, John Field, Nicholas Byram, Samuel Allen, Samuel Allen, jr., John Gordon, John Hayward, John Packard, John Ames, Comfort Willis, Guido Bailey, Nathaniel Hayward, John Whitman, John Packard, and Samuel Leach went out on Monday, fuppofing to meet with Captain Church ; but they came upon the enemy, and fought with them, and took feventeen of them alive, and alfo much plunder, and they all returned, and not one of them fell by the enemy, and received no help from Church." I incline to accept the verfion of this MS., and I reconcile its ftatements with thofe of Church by fuppofing him, in his reminifcence of the events, forty 124 [38] In the Evening they heard a fmart firing at a diftance from them, but it being near Night, and the firing but of fhort continuance, they mifs'd the place and went into Bridg- water Town5'^ It feems, the occafion of the firing, was. That Philip finding that Capt. Church made that fide of the Country too hot for him, defign'd to return to the other fide of the Country that he came laft from.^^ And coming to Taunton River with his company,^™ they fell'd years after, to have dropped out one day from his reckoning, — if his lan- guage was meant to be taken, as it would naturally be, as implying that "in the evening" was the evening of the fame day on which he left Ply- mouth. I think that he went no further than Monponfet on the Sabbath ; that on Monday he fcouted fouth-weftward toward Bridgewater, along the upper fkirt of thofe great cedar fwamps which ftill occupy fo many miles of the north- ern part of Middleborough, and where he would be likelieft to find Philip, but failed to fall in with him ; that the " fmart firing at a diftance " which he heard, was that of Comfort Willis's party {Increaje Mather fays it was " about 3 k. p. m.'") ; and that " mifling the place " of that, he went into Bridge- water Town on Monday evening, 31 July. Hubbard and both the Mathers fix the date of the expedition of the Bridgewater men — as the old MS. does — on Monday, 31 July; while, if the apparent ftatement of Church were taken, it would fix it on Sunday, the 30th. Four to one, and that one dic- tating fo long afterward, muft carry the day. [Hubbard's Narrative, loi ; Brief Hijiory, ^^\ Magnalia (ed. 1853) ii: 575-] 268 Bridge-water Town then was what is now known as Weft Bridge- water; the firft fettlement having been made on Town River, lefs than three miles eaft of the prefent eaftern boun- dary line of Eafton. ^'^ That is, on the weftern fide of Titicut River, toward the Nipmuck country, north-wefterly, or toward the Narraganfett country on the fouth-weft. ^''' After long inquiry, I have failed to get any evidence, of much value, fixing the pofition of this croff- ing-place where the tree was felled. The only tradition of any fort which has come to my knowledge, with re- gard to it, was furnifhed me by Williams Latham, Efq., of Bridgewater, who informs me that Mr. Stillman B. Pratt, late editor of the Middleborough Ga- zette, once told him that the tree was felled near the junction of the Nema(ket, with the Taunton River. This fpot is about three quarters of a mile a little eaft of fouth of the prefent Titicut Station on the Old-Colony and Fall- "5 [38] a great Tree a-crofs the River for a Bridge to pafs over on; and juft as Philips old Uncle Akkonipoin^''^ and fome other of his chiefs were palling over the Tree, fome brisk Bridgivater Lads, had Ambuih'd them, fired upon them, and killed the old man, and feveral others, which put a flop to their coming over the River that Night. Next Morning ^'^ Capt. Church moved very early with his Company which was increafed by many of Bridgwater that lilted under him for that Expedition, and by their Piloting, he foon came very ftill, to the top of the gixat Tree which the Enemy had fallen a-crofs the River; and the Captain fpy'd an Indian fitting upon the flump of it on the other fide of the river; and he clap'd his Gun up, and had doubtlefs difpatch'd him, but that one of his own Indians called hallily to him, Not to fire, for he believed it was one of his own men; upon which the Indian upon River Railroad. I diflruft this tradi- in his natural route from Monponfet. tion, however, and am of opinion that I Ihould be inclined, then, to place the Philip kept up feveral miles further on probable pofition of the tree much near- the eaft bank of Town River, before er to Sprague's Hill than to Titicut. crofling, for thefe reafons : (i) it feems '^^i Unkompoin \^Unco}>ipotveii~\f\gned to me, intrinfically, quite as probable a treaty of friendfhip with the Englilli that he would do fo; (2) the ftream at Plymouth, 6 Aug, 1662, with Philip, would be much lefs in width, and could and is there ftyled " Vnkell to the aboue- be much eafier croffed upon a tree, in faid fachem." With Philip, he claimed the manner fuggefted ; (3) the requifites land in Swanfey, in 1668. Mather fays of the fubfequent narrative feem to me he was " one of his [Philip's] chief to require them to be further north on Councellors." Mr. Drake fays he was the ftream next day than they would alfo called WoonkaponeJmnt and Woh- have been if the tree had been as low koivpahenitt. \^Plym. Col. Rec. iv : down as Titicut ; and (4) that my fup- 26 ; v : 79 ; Brief Hijl. 44 ; Book of pofition would bring their " firing " up Ind. 199, 203, 204.] more nearly within Church's hearing, 272 Tuefday, i Aug. 126 [ 38 ] the ftump look'd about, and Capt. Churches hidian feeing his face perceived his miftake, for he knew him to be Philip ; clap'd up his Gun and fired, but it was too late, for Philip immediately threw himfelf off the ftump, leap'd down a bank on the fide of the River, and made his efcape. Capt Chiirch as foon as polTible got over the River, and fcattered in queft of Philip, and his company; but the Enemy fcattered and fled every way; but he pick'd up a confiderable many of their Women and Chil- dren, among which was Philip\ Wife, and Son of about Nine Years Old.^"^ Difcovering a confiderable new Track 2"3 Philip's wife's name, Mr. Drake fays, was Woototiehaiui/ke ; and he adds that Ihe was a fifter of one of the three wives of Quinnapin. Judge Davis gives an interefting account of the difcuffion that took place in the Colony in regard to the difpofition to be made of Philip's fon. The Court feem — as they often did, on queftions concerning which they had doubt, and the more efpecially when thofe queftions were of a moral nature — to have confulted the princi- pal Reverend Elders. Samuel Arnold (paftor of the church in Marlhfield) and John Cotton (Plymouth) write, 7 Sept., 1676, thus : " Upon ferious confidera- tion, we humbly conceive that the chil- dren of notorious traitors, rebells and murtherers, efpecially of fuch as have bin. principal leaders and adtors in fuch horrid villanies, and that againft a whole nation, yea the whole Ifrael of God, may be involved in the guilt of their parents, and may, falva repub- lican be adjudged to death, as to us feems evident by the fcripture inftances of Saul, Achan, Hantan, the children of whom were cut off by the fword of Juftice for the tranfgreflions of their parents, although, concerning fome of thole children, it be manifeft that they were not capable of being coa<5lers therein." Increafe Mather, of Bofton, wrote to Mr. Cotton, 30 0(5t., 1676: " It is neceftary that fome effedlual courfe fliould be taken about him [Philip's fon]. He makes me think of Hadad, who was a little child when his father (the chief fachem of the Edom- ites) was killed byjoab; and, had not others fled away with him, I am apt to think, that David would have taken a courfe, that Hadad Ihould never have proved a fcourge to the next genera- tion." Rev. James Keith, of Bridgcwa- ter, alio wrote to Mr. Cotton, 30 Oii., 1676, but as follows : " I long to hear what becomes of Philip's wife and fon. I know there is fome difliculty in that P/alm, cxxxvii : 8, 9, though I think it 127 [38] along the River, and examining the Prifoners, found that it was Qtifinappin and the Narraganfets^ that were drawing off from thofe parts towards the Narraganfet Country, he inquired of the Prifoners, Whether Philip were gone in the fame Track ? they told him, They did not know ^ for he fled in a great fright when the firfl Englifh Gun was flred, and they had none of them fee^i or heard any thing of him fljice. Capt. Chttrch left part of his Company there to fecure the Prifoners they got, and to pick up what more they could find; and with the reft of his company hafted in the Track of the Enemy to over-take them, if it might be, before they got over the River, and ran fome Miles along the River until he came unto a place where the Indians had waded over;^'* and he with his Company waded over after them up to the Arm-pits; being almoft as wet be- fore with Sweat as the River could make them: Follow- ing about a Mile further, and not overtaking them, and the may be confidered, whether there be Bermudas. [Davis's Morion's Alem. not fome fpecialty and fomewhat ex- 454-] traordinarj in it. That law, Dcut. '■^'* While bathing, when a boy, in this xxiv : i6, compared with the com- river, I have often waded acrofs on a mended example of Amaziak, 2 Chron. bar which a local tradition affigns as XXV : 4, doth fway much with me in the place where the Indians crofled on the cafe under confideration. I hope this occafion. It is, if I remember cor- God will diredt thofe whom it doth redlly, perhaps a mile and a quarter concern to a good ilTue, &c. &c." By a up ftream from the juncftion of the letter from Mr. Cotton to Dr. Mather, Nemafket with the Taunton, and nearly 20 March, 1677, which contains this due weft of the refidence of the late pafling remark, " Philip's boy goes now Cephas Thompfon, Efq., in Middle- to be fold," it is made almoft certain borough. If the pofition of the tree that, with his mother, he Ihared the was where I fuppofe it to have been fate of fo many of his nation, and went (fee note 270, ante), this fuits very well to fpend his fpared life in Cadiz, or the the demands of the narrative. 128 [39] Captain being under a neceffity [39] to return that Night to the Army, came to an halt, told his Company, he mtijl return to his other men. His Indians Souldiers moved for leave to purfue the Enemy (tho' he return'd;) faid, The Narraganfets were great Rogues, and they wanted to be revenged on them for killing fome of their Relations ; named, Tokkamo7ta'^'^ {AwafJtonks Brother) and fome others. Capt. Church bad them go & profper, and made Light-foot their chief,^'*^ and gave him the title of Captain, Bid them go and quit themfelves like men. And away they fcam- pered like fo many Horfes. Next Morning ^"^ early they returned to their Captain, and informed him, That they had come up with the Enemy , and kiWd feveral of them,., and brotight him Thirteen of them Prifoiiers ; were mighty proud of their Exploit, and rejoyced much at the oppor- tunity of avenging themfelves. Capt. Church fent the Prifoners to Bridgwater, and fent out his Scouts to fee what Enemies or Tracks they could, difcovering fome fmall Tracks, he follows them, found where the Enemy had kindled fome fires, and roafted fome flcfh, &c. but had put out their fires and were gone. The Captain fol- lowed them by the Track, putting his Indians in the Front; fome of which were fuch as he had newly taken from the 276 Takanumtna, " a Sachem at Sac- Treafurer, and Philip engaged for his onett," appeared at Plymouth Court, " performance of the faid engagement 3 Nov., 1671, "with Philip, cheife Sa- in all points thereof." \_Plym. Col. Rcc. chem," and engaged fubjedtion "to the v: 80. Kinges ma"« of England, thisgou'ment, ^76 See note 238, ante. and the lawes thereof," &c., agreeing to 277 Wednefday, 3 Auguft, 1676. pay yearly one wolf's head to the 17 129 [39 ] Enemy, and added to his Company. Gave them order to March foftly, and upon hearing a whiflle in the Rear to fit down, till further order. Or upon difcovery of any of the Enemy to Hop, for his defign was, if he could, difcover where the Enemy were, not to fall upon them (unlefs neceffitated to do it) until next Morning. The Indians in the Front came up with many Women and Children, and others that were faint and tired, and fo not able to keep up with the Company; thefe gave them an account that Philip with a great number of the Enemy were a little before. Capt. Churches Indians told the others. They were their Prifoners^ but if they would fubmit to order and be Jiill 7to one JJiould hurt them : They being their old ac- quaintance, they were eafily perfwaded to conform. A little before Sun-fet there was a halt in the Front until the Captain came up, and they told him. They di/covered the Enemy : He order'd them, to dog them, and watch their motion till it was dark. But Philip foon came to a Hop, and fell to breaking and chopping Wood, to make fires ; and a great noife they made. Capt. Church draws his company up into a ring, and fat down in the Swamp ^'^ 2"^ I find no data in any of the ac- borough, probably not far from the counts of this purfuit for an accurate pofition of the State Ahns Houfe in determination of the locality of this the former. From this point, where fwamp; our only guide being general the Indians waded acrofs to the Bridge- conjeiiture founded upon the lay of the water fide, they unqueftionably fliaped land, the time taken, and the probabil- their general courfe for the Narragan- ities of the cafe. We muft afTume as fett country. But in doing fo they muft the point of departure fome place on make a detour to the weft to avoid the Titicut River where it divides the pref- " army " in Taunton ; as following the ent towns of Bridgewater and Middle- neareft route along the vveftern bank of 130 [39 ] without any noife or fire : The Indian Prifoners were much furprized to fee the EngliJJi Souldiers; but the Cap- tain told them, If they would be quiet and not make any dif- tnrdance or noi/e, they JJiould meet with civil treattjient, but if they made any difiurbancc^ or offered to run^ or make their cfcape, he woiild immediately kill them all ; fo they were very fubmiffive & obfequious. When the day broke,^™ Capt. Church told his Prifoners, That his Expedition was fuch at this time that he could not afford them any guard : Told them, They would find it to be their intercfl to attend the orders he was now about to give the7n ; which was, That zuhen the fight was over, which they noiv expelled ; or as the river would bring them diredlly up- on that town. A glance at the config- uration of the country will make it moft probable, then, that they pafled between Ntinkatejl {Nippentcket) and Gu/Jiee ponds, over into the north part of what is now Raynham, and thence into the north part of what is now Taunton, between Wimifconiiet and Watfon's ponds, and fo fouth-weft, about as the divifion line between Taunton and Norton runs, toward Rehoboth. I af- fume that from 15 to 18 miles through thofe rough wood-paths and fwamps would be as much as fuch a mixed company, many of whom were "faint and tired," could accomplifh in a day. This, by the route which I have indi- cated, would bring them near to three cedar fwamps ; one now called Crook- ed-Meadow Swamp, through which the town line between Taunton and Norton runs; one called Seekonk Swamp, in the fouthern angle of Norton ; and a fmaller one, three-quarters of a mile into Rehoboth, and fome two miles north of Squannakonk Swamp, where Annavjon was afterwards taken. It is my impreffion that the latter beft meets all the conditions of the cafe. Philip feems to have camped on an upland on the edge of or within the fwainp, as was their cuftom. Mr. Drake, in his edition of Church, places the fwamp which fheltered them in Mattapoifett neck in Swanfey. But that mult have involved a return march on the part of Church and his prifoners of 25 to 30 miles back to Bridgcwater, which was more than they could well accomplilh before "that night"; befides that from Swanfev Church's natural route would have led through Taunton, where he would moft likely have delivered his prifoners, as on a fubfequent occafion. •^''^ Thurfday, 3 Auguft, 1676. 131 [4o] foon as the firing cea/ed, they im{/l follow the Tracks of his Company and come to them. (An [40] Indian is next to a blood-hound to follow a Track.) He faid to them, It wo2ild be in vain for them to think of difobedience^ or to gain any thing by it, for he had take?t aitd killed a great many of the Indian Rebels, a7id fiwnld in a little ti'ine kill and take all the reft, &c. By this time it began to be fo light, as the time that he ufually chofe to make his on- fet. He moved fending two Souldiers before to try if they could privately difcover the Enemies poftures. But very unhappily it fell out, that the very fame time Philip had fent two of his as a Scout upon his own Track, to fee if none dog'd them; who fpy'd the two Indiati men, and turn'd Ihort about, and fled with all fpeed to their Camp: and Capt. Church purfued as faft as he could; the two Indians fet a yelling and howling, and made the moft hideous noife they could invent, foon gave the Alarm to Philip & his Camp; who all fled at the firlt tydings, left their Kittles boiling & Meat roafting upon their wooden Spits, & run into a Swamp with no other Break-faft, than what Capt. Church afterwards treated them with. Capt. Church purfuing, fent Mr. Ifaac How- land"^^^ with a party on one lide of the Swamp, while him- 2^" I/aac Horuland -wa-s joungeft fon at M., in 1674, 16S4, 1685, 1686; ad- of John, and brother of Jabez (fee note mitted freeman in 1681 ; was a member 207, atitc) ; was one of the firft fettlers of of the " grand enqueft," in 1682 ; ferved Middleborough ; married EHza, daugh- on a trial Jliry, in 1683 ; was licenfed to ter of George Vaughan ; was iurvejor keep an ordinary at M., in 1684; was of highways at M., in 1672; feledtman deputy for M., in 1689, 1690, 1691 ; re- 132 [4°] felf with the reft ran on the other-fide, aOTeeinji to run on each fide, until they met on the further end : placing fome men in fecure Stands at that end of the Swamp where Philip entered, concluding that if they headed him and beat him back, that he would take back in his own Track. Capt. Church and Mr. Howland foon met at the further end of the Swamp (it not being a great one) where they met with a great number of the Enemy, well armed, com- ing out of the Swamp. But on fight of the EngliJJi they feemed very much furprized, & tack'd fhort. Capt. Church called haftily to them, and faid, If they fired one Gun they were all dead men ; for he would have them know that he had them hem^d in, with a force fufficient to command them; but if they peaceably furrender^d they fJiould have good quarter^"^^ &c. They feeing both Indians and EnglifJt come fo thick upon them, were fo furprized that many of them ftood ftill and let the EnglifJi come and ceived £7 of Thomas Joflen, of Little Capt. Churches Company, &^^y\r\g\.\\Qm, Compton, for " a joak of oxen, unjuftly called aloud unto them in their own Lan- detained." [Savage's Ge7i. Did. \\: guage, telling them, //^«0/ ///^'^^^^ « 479; Plym. Col. Rec. v: 93, 145; vi : Gun, they were all dead men; with 62, 86, 129, 131, 168, 186, 198, 206, 212, which they were fo amazed, that they 222, 240, 246, 263, 268.] durft not once offer to fire at the En- 281 Hubbard fays, "In this engage- glini, which made the victory the more ment God did appear in a more then remarkable." ^Narrative, 102.] Ma- ordinary manner to fight for the En- ther IBrief Hhtory, 44] ^cld« that the glilh, for the Indians by their number, Indian's name was Matthias. As Church and other advantages of the place, were could not himfelf fpeak Indian, this is fo conveniently provided, that they probably the correct verfion of what might have made the firft fiiot at the took place; or perhaps he fpoke in En- Englim, and done them much damage ; glhh, and his Indian foldiers repeated but one of their own Country-men in his words in their tongue. [ 41 ] take the Guns out of their hands, when they were both charged and cock'd. Man}' both Men, Women and Chil- dren of the Enemy were imprifoned at this time; while Philip, Ti/paqtiin, Totofonf^"" &c. concluded that the Eng- lijli would purfue them upon their Tracks, fo were way- laying their Tracks at the firft end of the Swamp, hoping thereby to gain a fhot upon Capt. Church who was now better imploy'd in taking his Prifoners & running them into a Valley, in form fomething fhap'd like a Punch- bole, and appointing a guard of two files trible armed with Guns taken from the Enemy. But Philip having waited all this while in vain, now moves on after the reft of his company to fee what was become of them. And by this time Capt. Church was got into the Swamp ready to meet him; and as it happen'd made the firft difcovery, clapt behind a Tree until Philips company came pretty near, and then fired upon them, kilfd many of them, and a clofe skirmifh followed. Upon this Philip having grounds fufficient to fufpe6l the event of his com[4i]pany that "^"^ Tatofon {Totqfon, Tantozen') is of lands upon JF('<'(7«rt'»r.'\ 143 [43 ] fee the event of this Expedition. He thank'd them, and told them, he fhould be as fond of their company as any Mens; and (in fliort) they went with him. And they were foon as Trips Ferry (with Capt Churches company) where the deferter was; who was a fellow of good fenfe, and told his ftory handfomely: he offered Capt. Church to Pilot him to Philip., and to help to kill him, that he might revenge his Brothers death. Told him, That Philip was now upon a little fpot of Upland that was in the South end of the miery Swamp juft at the foot of the Mount,^^^ which was a fpot of ground that Capt. Church was well acquainted with. By that time^°^ they were got over the Ferry, and came near the ground half the Night was fpent, the Capt. commands a halt, and bringing the com- pany together, he asked Maj Sanford & Capt. Goldings advice, what method was beft to take in making the on- fet, but they declining giving any advice, telling him, That his great Experience & Succefs forbid their taking upon them to give advice. Then Capt. Chiirch offered Capt. Goldijig, that he fhould have the honour (if he would pleafe accept of it) to beat up Philips headquarters. He accepted the offer and had his alotted number drawn out to him, and the Pilot. Capt. Churches inftructions to him were to be very careful in his approach to the Enemy, and be fure not to fliew himfelf until by day light they 301 " Philip was furprifed and killed ^""^ The diftance of the fwamp in by Col. Church at a little knoll on the which Philip was concealed was not fouth-weft fide, at the foot of Mount much more than two miles from the Hope." [Feflenden's Harrew, /?.-/., 40.] landing of the ferry on the Briftol fide. 144 [44 ] might fee and difcern their own men from the Enemy. Told him alfo, That his cuftom in the like cafes was to creep with his company on their bellies, until they came as near as they could; and that as foon as the Enemy dif- covered them they would cry out; and that was the word [44] for his Men to fire and fall on. Direded him when the Enemy fhould ftart and take into the Swamp,^'^ they fhould purfue with fpeed, every man fhouting and making what noife they could; for he would give orders to his Ambufcade to fire on any that fhould come filently. Capt. Church knowing it was Philips cuflom to be fore-mofl in the flight, went down to the Swamp and gave Capt. Wil- liams of Siluate^^ the command of the right wing of the Ambufh, and placed an EngliJIi-man and an Indian to- gether behind fuch fhelters of Trees, &€. that he could find, and took care to place them at fuch diftance as none might pafs undifcovered between them, charg'd 'em to be careful of themfelves, and of hurting their friends: And to fire at any that fliould come filently thro' the Swamp: But it being fome-what further thro' the Swamp than he 8^3 Philip was on an upland ifland in feruill worke " on the Sabbath ; had the midft of the fwamp; of courfe when various controverfies and lawfuits, and alarmed he would run into the fwamp died 22 June, 1694, aged 70, leaving in the endeavor to efcape through it, — one of the largeft eftates at that time their habitual courfe on fuch occafions. exifting in the country ; his farm having 80* John Williams (oldeft child of been laid to be the belt in the Old Col- John, of Scituate) bore arms in 1643, ony. He appears never to have niar- and was a houfeholder in 1647; was ried. [Deane's Scituate, 385; Sav- Captain in Philip's war; was Deputy age's Gen. Did. iv : 562; Plym. Col. from Scituate, in 1676, 1681, and 1691 ; Rec. v: 99, 214; vi : 24, 61, 173, 174, was fined 40s. i July, 1672, for " doing 198, 202, 259.] 19 145 [44 ] was aware of, he wanted men to make up his Ambufcade; having placed what men he had, he took Maj. Sajiford by the hand, faid. Sir, I have fo placed them that Uis fcarce pojjible Philip JJtould efcape them. The fame moment a Shot whiftled over their heads, and then the noife of a Gun towards Philips camp. Capt. Church at firft tho't it might be fome Gun fired by accident: but before he could fpeak, a whole Volley followed, which was earlier than he ex- pe6led. One of Philips gang going forth to eafe himfelf, when he had done, look'd round him, & Capt. Golding thought the Indian looked right at him (tho' probably 'twas but his conceit) fo fired at him, and upon his firing, the whole company that were with him fired upon the Enemies fhelter, before the Indians had time to rife from their fleep, and fo over-fhot them. But their flielter was open on that fide next the Swamp, built fo on purpofe for the convenience of flight on occafion.'^^ They were foon in the Swamp and Philip the foremofl;, who ftarting at the firft Gun threw his Petunk^^ and Powder-horn over his s'J5 A kind oi /Jied wigw'am, in the fajs (under the head of Ndkekick, i.e., New-England fenfe of that adjective, "parched meal"), "I have travelled with the open fide toward the fwamp. with neere 200 of them at once, neere ^^ Petunk, literally, " that into which 100 miles through the woods, every fomething is put," i. e., the pouch, or man carrying a liiile Bajhet of this at haverfack, which the Indian always his back, and fometimes in a hollow carried by way of pocket. Eliot ules Leather Girdle about his middle, fuffi- the word (in i Sam. xvii : 40,) for Da- cient for a man for three or four dales, vid's " fcrip " ; and for " purfe " (in Z,«^e With this readie provifion, and their xxii : 35), and uniformly tranflates Boxv a.x\A Arrotves [this vi&s printed in "quiver" hy petan, a word of nearly 1643, before the Indians had acquired the fame fignification. Roger Wil- the ufe of fire-arms], are they ready for liams [Key R.-I. Hiji. Coll. i : 33] War, and travell at an houres warning. [44] head, catch'd up his Gun, and ran as faft as he could fcamper, without any more clothes than his fmall breeches and ftockings, and ran dire6tly upon two of Capt. Churches Ambufh; they let him come fair within fhot, and the EngliJJt mans®^" Gun miffing fire,^"^^ he bid the In- dian ^ fire away, and he did fo to purpofe, fent one Musket With a fpoo7ifull of this nieale and a fpoonfull of water from the Brooke., have I made many a good dinner and fupper." [Compare Schoolcraft's In- formation rcfpcd. hid. Tribes, i : 80.] »'■? Baylies [//{/?• Metn. New Plym. iii: 168] fays that this Englilhman's name was Francis Cook. But the Mafs. Hirtorical Colleaions [2d Scries iv: 63] for 1816, (14 years before Efq. Baylies publilhed), contain a note from John Lothrop, affirming that the name of this foldier of Church was Caleb Cook. The latter Chriftian name is fupported by the faft, that the Colony Records fliow the exiftence, in 1676, of a Caleb Cook, then aged 25; while Francis, who came in the Mayflower, had been dead 13 years ; his grandfon Francis, born 5 Jan., 1663, died at lefs than t\vo years of age ; and no other Francis appears. Caleb Cook was oldeft fon of Jacob (youngeft fon of Mayflovjer Francis) and Damaris, daughter of Stephen Hopkins, and was born 29 Mar., 1651 ; he ferved on a coroner's jury at Ply- mouth, 20 0(ft., 1675, in the cafe of John Fallowell; is down for a fine of £1 I05., 12 June, 1685; and ferved on a trial jury in the July Court of 1686. He had a great grandfon, Silvanus, of Kingfton, Mafs., who held in his pof feffion the gun with which the Indian fhot King Philip (which, according to family tradition. Cook exchanged with him for his own), and who gave the lock to one of the Lothrops, from whom John Lothrop gave it to the Cabinet of the Mafs. Hiftorical Society, where it ftill is. Many years after, the barrel was prefented by John Cook, of Kingf- ton, to the Cabinet of the Pilgrim So- ciety in Plymouth, in which cuftody it remains. [Savage's Gen. Did. i: 446; Plym. Col. Rcc. v : 182 ; vi : 196 ; viii : 165 ; Ruffell's Pilgrim Mem. 105.] 3J8 Hubbard adds that " the morning being wet and rainy, " — which Church's fubfequent ftatement about the fun and the dew does not confirm, — " the En- glilh man's gun would not fire, the In- dian having an old Musket with a large touch-hole, it took fire the more read- ily." [Narralivc, 105.] 309 Church's teftimony is conclufive as to the identity of this Indian with that one known as Alderman among the colonifts; and both Hubbard and Mather affert the fame. I doubt, how- ever, the truth of the common averment that Alderman was the Indian whofe brother Philip had killed, and who guided Church's party to the fwamp. Neither Church, Hubbard, nor Mather fay that, — however, on a cafual reading, 147 [44 ] Bullet thro' his heart, and another not above two inches from it; he fell upon his face in the Mud & Water with his Gun under him. By this time the Enemy perceived they were way laid on the eaft fide of the Swamps tack'd fhort about. One of the Enemy who feem'd to be a great furly old fellow, hollow'd with a loud voice, & often called out, iootajlt^ iootafJi^^^ Capt. Church called to his Indian the latter two might appear to fay it. A careful examination of their words Ihows that they only aflert that Philip was flain by one of his own race, who had kept himfelf neutral until now; and fpeak of his killer as an Indian, rather than the Indian, to whom they had before referred. It feems to me more natural if Aldermati had been his informant and guide, that Church ftiould have mentioned the remarkable fadl distindlly, when defcribing his agency in the death of the chieftain. Hutchinfon appears to be refponfible for the firft ftatement abfolutely identi- fying the pilot with the flayer; faying [^Hiji. Mafs. i : 277], " One of his own men, whom he had offended, and who had deferted to the Engliili, Ihot him through the heart," which he might eafily bafe, by a mifapprehenfion, upon Hubbard and Mather. Trumbull {^Hijl. Conn, i : 349] repeats (probably from Hutchinfon) the ftatement: "The In- dian who had been guide to the party, Ihot him through the heart." Drake, Thatcher, Fowler, Arnold, and others have followed Trumbull. Jones's letter to Gov. Leet, publiftied by Mr. Trumbull \^Col. Rec. Conn, ii : 470], is probably the frelbeft document bearing on the queftion ; and his language naturally implies a diftinAion in his mind be- tween the guide and the killer. Hubbard \_JVarrativc, 106] {ays Aldcr- 7nan was "of Sakonet." But Mather [Brief Hijl. 47] with more particular- ity adds, "the Indian who thus killed Philip., did formerly belong to the Squaw-Sachim of Pocajfet ( Weeta- moe), being known by the name of Aldcrma7t. In the beginning of the war, he came to the Governor of Ply- mouthy manifefting his defire to be at peace with the Englijk., and immedi- ately withdrew to an Illand, not having engaged againft the EngU/fi nor for them, before this time." I find no con- firmation of this ftatement on the Court Records. ^^^ lootajh is a verb in the impera- tive, 2d perfon, fingular, and means "Fight!" Eliot would have written Aycuteajh. He has Ayeuteah, for the plural " fight ye," (in i Sam. iv : 9.) Roger Williams fpells this laft \_Key, chap, xxix] " Juhetteke, Fight, which is their word of incouragement which they ufe when they animate each other in warre ; for they ufe their tongues in ftead of drummes and trumpets." [/?•- /. Hiji. Coll. i : 14S.] 14S [45 ] Peter^^ and ask'd him, WJio that was that called fo? He anfwered, It was old Annozuo7i Philips great Captain,^^^ call- ing on his Souldiers to Hand to it and fight floutly. Now the Enemy finding that place of the Swamp which was not Ambufli'd, many of them made their efcape in the EngliJJi Tracks.^^^ The Man that had fhot down Philip, ran with all fpeed to Capt Church, and informed him of his exploit, who commanded him to be Silent about it, & let no man more know it, until they had drove the Swamp [45] clean; but w^hen they had drove the Swamp thro' & found the Enemy had efcaped, or at leafb the moft of them; and the Sun ^11 Probably Peter ^ fon oi Axva/kotiks. [See note 12, ante, and p. 87.] *^ Aftfiawou (^Afinoivan, Anozvofi) was one of Maffalbit's chiefs, and fo one of Philip's oldeft braves. The only record which I find of him, previous to his connexion with this war, is his ap- pearance as a witnefs, in 1672, to two fales of land by Philip to William Brenton and others. His capture and fate will foon be referred to. [Drake's Book of hid. 200.] His name fuggefts a probable deriva- tion from Natiaivujinum, " he rules" or "has authority" (Eliot), or the verbal Nana7iu-vaen, " a ruler," " an overfeer." Roger Williams has Naundtnvheant, "a nurfe" or "keeper." [/?.-/. Hijl. Coll. i : 52.] The primary fignification of the verb is " to keep with care," " to take care of." 313 Hubbard fays Philip had " a few of his beft friends" with him; and that "5 of his truftieft followers — of whom one was faid to be the Son of his chief Captain, that had fhot the firft gun at the Englilb the year before" — were killed. Mather fays that " he, with 7 of his men," were in this fvvamp and that "5 of his men were killed with him, — one of which was his chief Captain's Son, being (as the Indians teftifie) that very Indian who fhot the firft gun at the En- ^///^ when the War began." Wm. Jones fays, — writing a fortnight after, from New Haven, and repeating the tefli- mony to him of " one James Shore, come in this week to Fairfield, in a vef- fell from Rhod Ifeland," — " Philip in labouring to efcape was fhot at ifl by y« Englifh, but miffed, and then Ihot downe by an Indian. All y* reft, but one more killd and one or two wound- ed, efcaping." Church's own language would feem to imply that there were more than feven men with Philip; that more than one befides Philip was ftopped; and that many of them got away. {Narrative, 103; Brief Hifl. 47; Col. Rcc. Conn, ii : 471.] 149 [45 ] now up, and fo the dew gone, that they could not fo eafily Track them, the whole Company met together at the place where the Enemies Night Ihelter was; and then Capt. Church gave them the news of Philips death ; upon which the whole Army gave Three loud H^izzah. Capt Church ordered his body to be pull'd out of the mire on to the Upland, fo fome of Capt. Churches Indians took hold of him by his Stockings, and fome by his fmall Breeches, (being otherwife naked) and drew him thro' the Mud unto the Upland, and a doleful, great, naked, dirty beaft, he look'd like.^^'* Capt. Church then faid. That for af much as he had caufed many an Englifh-mans body to lye unburied and rot above ground^ that not one of his bones fJiotild be buried. And calling his old Indian Executioner, bid him behead and quarter him.^^^ Accordingly, he came with ^1* This is the plain profe comment of an obferver upon the fadls as thej appeared to him. Dr. Palfrey has well referred to it, in his very juft remarks on the poetic exaggeration with which moft of our later literature has dealt with Philip. {_HiJl. N. E. iii : 223.] ^15 The idea in New England at that time feems to have been that Philip was a rebel againft King Charles 2d, and, as fuch, deferved the State punilh- ment of treafon, which, in England, until the 30th year of George 3d, was I. To be drawn (latterly, on a hurdle, fo as to avoid the extreme torment of being dragged over the ground) to the gallows ; 2. To be hanged by the neck, and cut down alive ; 3. To have the entrails cut out and burned, while the fufFerer ftill lived ; 4. To be beheaded ; 5. That the body be cut into four quar- ters ; 6. That the head and quarters be at the king's difpofal. [4, Blackjione's Comni. 92.] Church's a<5lion, in the light of the public fentiment of that day, was far from indicating an inhu- man revenge, or a cruel difpofition. It could fcarcely be expelled that thefe remote and backwoods colonies were to go beyond the mother country in refinement. And it was not yet 17 years fince Parliament had voted the di/iHtcrment of Cromwell, Ireton, and Bradlliaw, and their decaying remains had been hanged at Tyburn, and their heads ftuck on poles on the top of Weftminfter Hall fronting Palace Yard ; while nearly 20 years later than Philip's 150 [ 45 ] his Hatchet and flood over him, but before he flriick he made a fmall Speech dire6ling it to Philip'^ and faid, He had been a very great Alan, and had made many a man afraid of him, but fo big as he was he would now chop his Afs for him ; and fo went to work, and did as he was ordered. Philip having one very remarkable hand being much fcarr'd, occafioned by the fplitting of a Piftol in it formerly. Capt. Church gave the head and that hand^^*^ to death, Evelyn entered in his Diary (lo April, 1696), "The quarters of Sir Wil- liam Perkins and Sir John Friend, lately executed on the plot, with Per- kins's head, were fet up at Temple-Bar; a difmal fight." Indeed, Walpole wrote to Montague, 16 Aug., 1746, " paffed under the new heads at Temple Bar, where people make a trade of letting fpying-glafles at a halfpenny a look"; and it is on record that Goldfmith joked Johnfon in regard to fimilar adornments of that ftrudlure; and, as late as i April, 1772, a news-writer fet down: " yefterday one of the rebels' heads on Temple Bar fell down. There is only one head now remaining." Thefe facfts ftiould have proteAed our fathers from Peter Oliver's malignant fneer about " orthodox vengeance." [See Diary of Sam. Pcpys, ed. 1856, i : 129, 152 ; Diary of John Evelyn, ed. 1857, ii : 340; Cunningham's Hand Book of London, 437, 542; Puritan Commotnvealtk, I45-] 316 Increafe Mather [Brief Hifl. 47] fays, "his head being cut off and car- ried away to Plymouth, his Hands were brought to Bofion" Cotton Mather \^Magnalia, ed. 1853, ii : 576] fays, " this Agag was now cut into quarters, which were then hanged up, while his head was carried in triumph to Ply- mouth." Niles \^HiJl. Ind. and Fr. Wars, 3 Mafs. Hifl. Coll. vi : 190] fays Philip " was cut into quarters, and hanged up in the woods, and his head carried to Plymouth." The ftory, car- ried from this country to London by the mafter of a veffel foon failing from Rhode-Ifland [Abbott's Wars of the Colonies, 131], adds, " they quartered his body, and hung it upon four trees." By collating thefe we probably get all the fadls. The head was placed upon a pole at Plymouth, where it is faid to have remained expofed for more than 24 years [Felt's Eccles. Hifl. N. E. ii : 638 ; Thacher's Plymouth, 389] ; at any rate Cotton Mather faid, in his Magna- lia (firft publiflied in 1702, 26 years after), " it was not long before the hand which now writes, upon a certain occa- fion took off the jaw from the expofed IkuU of that blafphemous leviathan." [ed. 1853, i : 566.] It is hardly proba- ble that there is any truth in the tradi- 151 [45 ] Alderman^ the Indian who fhot him, to fhow to fuch Gen- tlemen as would beflow gratuities upon him; and accord- ingly he got many a Peny by it. This being on the lafl day of the Week,^^' the Captain with his Company returned to the Ifland, tarryed there until Tuefday; and then went off and ranged thro' all the Woods to Plymoutk,^^^ and received their Prcemium^ which was Thirty Skilliftgs per head, for the Enemies which they had killed or taken, inflead of all Wages; and Philips head went at the fame price.^^^ Methinks it's fcanty reward, and poor incourage- tion mentioned by Dr. Fobes in his defcription of Rajnham [i Mafs. Hijl. Coll. iii : 171], that Philip's head was " depofited for a confiderable time " in the cellar under the " Leonard houfe " in that town. ^1'^ Saturday, 12 Auguft, 1676. 818 Leaving Rhode-Ifland on Tuefday, the 15th, Church and his company muft have "ranged thro' all the woods" two days before reaching Plymouth ; for the Mathers and Niles agree that the head reached Plymouth on Thurfday, the 17th, which had been fet apart as a day of Thankfgiving for fuccefles againft the Indians, perhaps before they had heard of Philip's death. {,Brief HiJl. 47; Magnalia, ed. 1853, " • 576; 3 Mafs. Hijl. Coll. vi : 190.] ^13 AlTuming Hubbard and Mather's ftatement to be true, that 5 befides Phil- ip were killed, and that there were no prifoners taken, — no mention being made of any, — the fum total of receipts for divifion would be £9. This, at 45. 6^. a piece, — which Church fays was each one's fhare, — would make the number of the party exactly 40. At 45. (yd. each, their week's work would av- erage a little lefs than ^d. T,qrs. per day, befides the honor! Hoyt, ftrangely confufing this with one day of the Bridgewater expedition, fays, " 130 were killed and captured." [^Antiqua- rian Rejearckcs, 140.] This would have fwelled their compenfation to an aggregate of £195! It may here be added, that there is, in the Cabinet of the Maffachufetts Hif- torical Society, a wooden dilb, which is traditionally reprefented to have been a trophy of this expedition, and which was authenticated to the Society by the following receipt [Proceedings Mafs. Hiji. Sac. 1863-4, 267.] : " Plymouth Sep. 14, 1803, Rec*. of Ifaac Lothrop Eight Dollars, in full for a wooden bowle, formerly belonging to that illuftrious Soldier known by the name of King Philip, fon of the celebrated indian Sachem, Maffafoiet, and was a portion of the trophy affigned to Eleazer Rich- 152 [ 45 ] ment; tho' it was better than what had been fome time before. For this March they received Fotir Shillings and Six Pence a Man, which was all the Reward they had, except the honour of killing PJiilip. This was in the latter end oi Augtijl, 1676^^ Capt. Church had been but a little while at Plymouth^ before a Poft from Rehoboth came to inform the Govern- ment, that old Annawon, Philips chief Captain was with his company ranging about their Woods, & was very offenfive & pernicious to Rehoboth & Swanfey?^ Capt. Church was immediately fent for again, & treated with to ingage one Expedition more; he told them. Their incour- agement was fa poor he feared his Souldiers would be dull about going again : But being a hearty friend to the caufe, he Rally's again, goes -to Mr. JabeJJt Howland his old Lieutenant,^ and fome of his Souldiers, that us'd to go out with him; told them how the cafe was circumftanced, and that he had intelligence of old Annawons walk, & haunt, and wanted hands to hunt him; they did not want ard, Great Grandfather of the Subfcrib- Eleazer Richard (or Richards or Rich- er, who made one of the party, that ardfon) as then living in New England ; terminated the exiftence of the once nor any evidence that any perfon of princely proprietor. that furname ferved under Church in " Eleazer + Richard." this campaign. m«i. 320 Church fpeaks here even more Church's narrative furniihes no evi- vaguely than he was apt to do, of the dence, either way, in regard to the gen- time of events. uinenefs of this relic. I find, however, «^i " By their Hiooting at the EngUlh no trace, either in Savage's fertile pages, Horfes, and other cattle." [Hubbard s or the Colony Records of Plymouth, Narrative, 107.] Maffachufetts, or Rhode-Illand, of any ^22 See note 207, anie. 20 153 [46 ] much intreating; but told him, They would go with him,, as long as there ivas an Indian left in the Woods. He moved ^"^ & ranged thro' the Woods [46] to Pocajfet. It being the latter end of the Week, he propofed to go on to Rhode-IJland and reft until Monday. But early on the Lords day Morning,^^^ there came a Poft to inform the Cap- 823 He muft have left Plymouth about Wednefday or Thurfday (6th or 7th September), 1676 ? Hubbard fays he had with him " but 5 Englifhmen and 20 Indians." \^Narrative, 107.] 3^* The queftion of the date of this expedition is one of the moft perplexing ones in the hiftory of the time ; ftrange- ly enough, fo far as I can learn, no record of it, or of any circumftance which would exadlly identify it, having a place in any of the early hiftories or cotemporaneous records. Mr. Drake, in his fecond edition of this narrative (1827, p. 142), is the firft to attempt to fettle it. He does fo on the ftrength of the facil that Annawon was taken on a Monday night, when the moon was Ihining, " not long after dark." He ftates that the moon was at the full in 1676, on Saturday, the 26 Auguft, whence he infers that Monday, 28 Au- guft, was the date of the capture (fee alfo note to Mr, Drake's ed., Mather's Brief Htjiory, 1862, p. i8o), which would throw back the date of the ftart- ing of the expedition from Plymouth to Wednefday or Thurfday, the 23d or 24th. Dr. Palfrey {HiJI. N. E. iii : 206] adopts this as the true date, and Arnold \_IIiJf. R.-I. i: 417] fpeaks vaguely of Annawon's capture as " a few nights after the death of Philip." But John Fofter's Almanac for 1676 gives the full moon of Auguft of that year as being on " the 13"' day, at 26m. paft 6 in the morn " ; while Sherman's Almanac for the fame year, ftates it as on the " 13"' daj', at 25m. paft 6 in the morn." This was the Sabbath, the next day after the day of the death of Philip. Church (fee p. 152, ante) fays he ftaid at Rhode - Ifland until Tuefday, the 15th, and then " ranged thro' all the woods to Plymouth," which he could fcarcely have i-eached before Friday or Saturday, the iSth or 19th. Then he was " a little while at Plymouth," a phrafe which might cover two or three weeks, while it would fcarcely ' have been ufed for a lefs time than 07te week (which leffer time he would more likely have ftyled "a few days"), before the " poft from Rehoboth " came with news of Annawon, and he was " fent for " and " treated with " for " one expedi- tion more " ; and began to gather fol- diers to go out again. From all this, it feems very clear that the Auguft moon inuft have difappeared long be- fore he could have been ready to ftart on this exjiedition. If this were fo, we are thrown over into September for the true date of this expedition ; and 154 [46 ] tain, That early the fame Morning a Canoo with fevcral Indians in it paffed from Prudence IJland^'^ to PoppafijiiaJJi the probabilities of the cafe would feem to fix the capture of Annawon as being on the firft Monday evening of Septem- ber, on which the moon was Ihining a few hours after dark. Fofter gives the full moon for September, 1676, as on "the II day, 54 m. paft 6, p.m.," and Sherman gives it as on "the 11 day, 55 m. paft 6 at night." This was on Monday evening, four weeks and two days after the death of Philip. On the previous Monday evening (4 Sept.), the moon (then juft in her firft quarter) muft have fet from one to two hours before midnight, and, in the denfe for- efts furrounding Squannaconk Swamp, her (then) feeble light muft have ceafed to be available for much help to vifion at leaft an hour before her fetting; fo that (there) it would be hardly fafe to prefume on feeing by moonlight on the evening of 4 Sept., much later than 9P.M. But it was " pretty dark " before Church arrived ; then followed the capture, the parley with all the companies, the prep- aration for the fupper, the fupper, and the mefl"age to the outlying Indians, and the return of the meflengers ; then Church laid down with the intention of fleeping two hours, laid a little while and grew wakeful, and roufed to look after his guard, then lay looking at the equally wakeful Annawon, "perhaps an hour"; then Annawon got up and re- tired into the thick woods "out of fight and hearing," and was gone a long time; "at length" Church heard him coming back, and tkcn., " the moon now fliining bright," he faw him com- ing with fometliing in his hands, &c. All this detail of delays makes it almoft certain that the hour of Annawon's converfe with Church muft have been well on toward midnight, at leaft; fo that it is impoflible that the date could have been that of 4 Sept. Befides, Church's expreffion, "the moon Ihining byight" is moft confonant with the full moon ; fo that I am led to con- clude that the true date of this capture is that of the Monday of the September full moon, viz., 11 Sept., 1676. It is worthy of notice in this connec- tion, that Hubbard \_Narrativc, 106] expreffly fays that Church took TiJ'pa- quitt " in September," yet places his capture before that o^ Annawon , faying, " the next that was feized after the former (ie., Tifpaquhi) was one called Annatvon, &c." Church himfelf, in this narrative (fee p. 175), inverts this order; but I am ftrongly inclined to believe that Hubbard was right, and that, if Church had fat down to the work of his annals at an earlier date, and before the freftinefs of his memory had faded, he would fo have arranged them. 3^5 Prudence is the ifland in Narra- ganfett Bay, fome 7 or 8 miles in length, of irregular fliape, lying weft of the northern part of Rhode-Illand, and, in its fouthern half, feparated from it by a channel averaging perhaps a mile and a half in width. Its Indian name was C/iibactiwcfei [^Cltippacurfctt), 155 [ 46 ] Neck.^^ Capt. Church tho't if he could poffibly furprize them, he might probably gain fome intelligence of more game; therefore he made all poffible fpeed after them: the Ferry-boat ^^^ being out of the way, he made ufe of Canonicus, in 1634, gave it to John Oldham, if he would fettle on it ; which he did not. In 1637, Roger Williams and John Winthrop purchafed it, and Williams gave it its prefent name. [Winthrop's Journal i : 147 ; Letter of Williams, 3 Mafs. Hiji. Coll. i : 165 ; Arnold's HiJl. R.-I. i : 105.] 326 Poppafquajk {PapoofquaJIi, Pa- fajquajh, Pafpafqud) Neck is a thumb- like promontory, perhaps 2^ miles in length by an average of | in breadth, projecting from the weftern fide of the town of Briftol into the bay. Plymouth Court, I June 1669, granted 100 acres of it " to Mr. John Gorum, if it can be purchafed of the Indians"; and 5 July, 1669, granted the remainder to the *'towne of Swanfey, for the promoting of a way of trade in this collonie." I July, 1672, "Mr. Conftant South- worth, Mr. James Browne, and Mr. John Gorum are appointed by the Court, to purchafe a certaine p'fell of land of the Indians, granted by the Court to the faid John Gorum, lying att Papafquafh neck." 13 July, 1677, the Court " rattified, eftablillied, fettled, and confirmed the aforefaid 100 acres of land " to John Gorum's heirs and fucceflbrs for ever. It feems foon after to have paffed to Nathaniel Byfield, who is faid to have occupied nearly the whole of it as his farm for over 40 years, until his removal to Bofton in 1724. \Plym. Col. Rec. v : 20, 24, 95, 241 ; Shepard's HiJi. Dis. Briftol., R.- L, 49.] As to the name, Mr. Trumbull fays, " This name was alfo given to a tra<5l of land now in Voluntown, Conn., in a grant of 16S1, as PaupafquacJmhe ; the uke reprefenting ohke i.e., " place." Two derivations are equally probable, and plaufible, ixovn. fapafkii, 'double' — which is applicable to the fouthern end of Briftol, divided by the bay, or, as it may be tranflated, ' oppofite to,' ' over againft.' Otherwife, from fohfohqulJu or pahpahkJJias, of Eliot ; patipockfu of Roger Williams, i.e., ' the partridge.' With the addition of ohke it would be ' the partridge country,' or ' Partridge Point,' or rather ' Qiiail Point,' as we fhould tranflate it in Connedticut. I think the latter the more probable, deri- vation ; though I do not k/totv that a quail ever flew within a dozen miles of Poppafquafh." The diftance for a canoe, acrofs from Prudence, would not be much more than i^ miles, and the croffing would be in full view from Rhode-Ifland and probably not more than 3 miles diftant from it. 327 The ferry to Briftol at Tripps; the fame \^hich he croflfed on his lafl: expedition after Philip. His objedl was to go up fome 4 miles through what is now the town of Briftol, and 156 [46] Canoo's: But by that time they had made two fraights, and had got over the Captain, and about 15 or 16 of his Indians, the Wind fprung up with fuch violence that Ca- noo's could no more pafs.^^ The Capt. feeing it was impoffible for any more of his Souldiers to come to him, he told his Indians, If they were willing to go with him, he would go to Poppafquafh, and fee if they cotild catch fame of thofe E7iei7zy Indians. They were willing to go, but were forry they had no EnglifJi Souldiers ;^^ fo they March'd thro' the thickets that they might not be difcovered, until they came unto the Salt Meadow, to the Northward of Briflol Town,^*^ that now is. Then they heard a Gun, the Capt. look'd about, not knowing but it might be fome of his own Company in the rear; fo halting till they all came up, he found 'twas none of his own Company that fired. Now tho' he had but a few Men, was minded to fend fome of them out on a Scout. He moved it to Capt. Lightfoot^^ to go with three more on a Scout; he faid he was willing provided the Captains man Nathanael (which was an Indian that they had lately taken) might be one of them, becaufe he was well acquainted with the Ncck,^^^ endeavor to furprife the Indians as they ^^ See note 23S, ante. fhould pafs out of Poppafquafli neck ^32 jie means here, evidently, Moiint- toward the main land. Hope neck, and not Poppafqualli neck. 3^ See note 175, ante. Church himfelf with his party procced- 829 It will appear, further on, that his ed to fearch the latter for the enemy; Lieutenant and Englifli foldiers fubfe- and Liglitfoot with his three compan- quently croffed and joined him next day. ions muft have fcoutcd otT toward what 330 Probably thofe juft north-weft of are now Warren and Swanfey, in the Silver Creek. direction of Kikemuit. 157 [46] and coming lately from among them, knew how to call them.^ The Capt. bid him choofe his three companions, and go; and if they came a-crofs any of the Enemy not to kill them if they could poffibly take them alive; that they might gain intelligence concerning Annawon. The Capt. with the reft of his company moved but a little way further toward Poppa/qua/Ji, before they heard another Gun, which feemed to be the fame way with the other, but further off. But they made no halt until they came unto the narrow of PoppafquafJi Neck;^^ where Capt. Clmrch left three men more, to watch if any fhould come out of the Neck, and to inform the Scout when they returned which way he was gone. He parted the remainder of his company, half on one fide of the Neck, and the other with himfelf went on the other fide of the Neck, until they met; and meeting neither with Indians nor Canoo's returned big with expec- tations of Tydings by their Scout: But when they came back to the three men at the narrow of the Neck, they told their Captain the Scout was not returned, had heard nor feen any thing of them, this filfd them with tho'ts what lliould become of them; by that time they had fat down & waited an hour longer, it was very dark, and they defpaired of their returning to them. Some of the hidians told their Captain, They feared his new man Nathanael ^^ The Indians were accuftomed to often as there was danger of its becom- have fome call — like a wolf's howl, a ing known to their enemies. Nathan- loon's cry, or fomething of that fort — «<;/, being recently captured, would know by which they could fignal each other what that fignal of his tribe now was. in the woods. This was changed as ^34 perhaps 120 rods in width. 158 [ 47 ] had met zuith Jiis old Mount-hope friends^ and was turned Rogue. They concluded to make [47] no fires that Night, (and indeed they had no great need of any) for they had no Vi6luals to cook, had not fo much as a morfel of Bread with them. They took up their lodging fcattcr- ing, that if poffibly their Scout fliould come in the Night, and whiftle (which was their fign) fome or other of them might hear them. They had a very folitary, hungry Night; and as foon as the day broke ^^ they drew off thro' the brufh to a hill without the Neck, and looking about them they efpy'd one Indian man come running fomewhat towards them, the Captain ordered one man to flep out of the brufh and fhow himfelf Upon which the Indian ran right to him, and who fhould it be but Capt. Lightfoot, to their great joy. Capt. Church ask'd him, What News ? He anfwered. Good News, they were all zuell and had catch^d Ten Indians, and that they guarded them all Night in 07ie of the Flankers of the old Englifh GariHfon \^ that their prifoners were part of Annawons company, and that they had left their Families in a Swamp above Mattapoifet Neck.^^^ And as they were Marching towards the old Garrifon Lightfoot gave Capt. Church a particular account of their Exploit, viz. That prefently after they left him, they heard another Gun, which fecnid to be towards the Indian 335 Monday, ii September, 1676. 65, ante.) He muft have thought its 33'i That on the Ihores of the Kike- ufe had been found at laft. muit, about which Church had been fo 33- The neck of this name (Gardner's exercifed the year before. (See note neck) in Swanfej. 159 [47 ] biiryhig place^'^ & moving that way, they difcovered two of the Enemy fleeing of an Horfe. The Scout claping into the brufi, Nathanael bid them ft down, and he would prefently call all the Indians thereabout tmto him. They hid, and he went a little difance back from, them and fat up his note & howled like a Wolf'. One of the two immediately left his Horfe & came running to fee who was there ; but Nathanael howling lower and lower drew him, in between thofe that lay in wait for him, who feized him, ; Nathanael continuing the fame note, the other left the Horfe alfo following his mate, & met with the fame. When they caught thefe two they ex- amined them apart, and fotmd them to agree in their Story, that there were Eight m,ore of them come down into the Neck to get Provifions, and had agreed to m,eet at the burying place that evening. Thefe two being fome of Nathanaels old ac- quainta7ice, he had great infltience upon them, ajid zvith his inticing Story, ( telling what a brave Captain he had, how bravely he lived f nee he had been with him, & how much they might better their co7idition by turning to him, &c.) per- ^8 Concerning this, Gen. Feflenden more than one cart-load of human fajs, " In regard to the location of the bones. There are now no appearances ' Old Indian burjing-ground,' I have of a cemetery there. This was doubt- long fince endeavored to find the lite of lefs a burjing-ground ; but whether it it. A farmer informed me that when was the burjing-ground cannot be de- he was a boj, about the jear 1800, the termined." [yl/6". letier.'] The proba- people ftraightened the diredt road from bilitj feems urgent that this was an this place (Warren, R.-I) to Briftol ; Indian burjing-place, as all which have and, on the top of a hill, about half been ufed bj the white fettlers are waj between the two places (2 miles doubtlefs well known. If fo, it is rea- from each), thej dug through a burjing- fonable to infer that it was that to which ground, and carried off for interment reference is here made. 1 60 [48 ] /waded and ingaged them to be on hisjide, which indeed noiu began to be the better Jide of the hedge. They waited bnt a little while before they efpfd the refl of theirs coming up to the burying place, and Nathanael foon howfd them in as he had done their mates before. When Capt. Church came to the Garrifon, he met his Lieutenant and the refl of his company ;^^ and then making up good fires they fell to roafting their Horfe-beaf,'^^'^ enough to laft them the whole day, but had not a morfal of Bread; tho' Salt they had which they always carryed in their Pockets, which at this time was very acceptable to them. Their next motion was towards the place where the Prifoners told them they had left their Women and Children,^^ and furprized them all, and fome others that were newly come to them. And upon examination they held to one Story, that it was hard to tell where to find Annawon, for he never roofted twice in [48] a place. Now a certain Indian Souldier that Capt. Church had gain'd over to be on his fide, pray'd that he might have liberty to go and fetch in his Father, who he faid was about four Miles from that place, in a Siuamp '^^^ with no other than one Young Squaw ; Capt. Church in- 839 Lieut. Rowland and his fquad, not far from what is now Swanfcy vil- on getting acrofs the ferry and follow- lage. ing Church, may have fallen in with '»- Maftwkague fwamp in the fouth- one of Lightfoot's fcouts, or may have eaftern corner of Rehoboth, anfwcrs gone to the old garrifon, at a venture, this requifition of diftance ; bcfides as a likely place of meeting him, or lying near the rout to SquannakoMk news from him. Iwamp, where Annawon was, and 34« Which the Indians had juft killed. whence thefe Indians whom Church 3ii A fwamp in Swanfey, probably had captured had come. 21 161 [48] clined to go with him, thinking it might be in his way to gain fome intelligence oi Annazvon ; and fo taking one Eji- gli/Ji Man and a few Indians with him leaving the reft there, he went with his new Souldier to look his Father; when he came to the Swamps he bid the Indian go fee if he could find his Father: he was no fooner gone but Capt. Church difcover'd a Track coming down out of the Woods, upon which he and his little company lay clofe fome on one fide of the Track & fome on the other. They heard the Indian Souldier make a howling for his Father; and at length fome body anfwered him, but while they were lifl- ening, they thought they heard fome body coming towards them, prefently faw an old man coming up with a Gun on his Shoulder, and a young Woman following of him in the Track which they lay by: They let them come up be- tween them, and then ftarted up and laid hold on them both. Capt. Church immediately examined them a part,^^^ telling them, What they mujl trujl too if they told fa If e Sto- ries : He ask'd the young Woman, What company they came lafi from ? She faid, from Capt. Annawons. He asked her, How many were in compajiy with him, whenfJte left him? She faid, 50 or 60. He ask'd her How many Miles it was to the place where fJte left him ? She faid, She did not under/land Miles, but he was tip in Squannaconk Swamp? ^ The old man who had been one oi Philips =5*3 Through one of his Indian foldiers eaftern fide of the town of Rehoboth, as an interpreter. Mafs., about midway between its north- ^" Squamiakonk fwamp is on the ern and fouthern boundaries, and 162 [ 48] Council, upon examination, gave exa6lly the fame account. Capt. Church ask'd him. If they co7dd get there that Night? He faid. If they went prefently and travelled floutfy, they might get there by Sun fet.^^ He ask'd Whither he was going? He anfwered. That AnnTiwon had fent him dowit> to look for fome Indians, that were gone down into Mount- hope IVeck to kill Provifions : Capt. Church let him know that thofe Indians were all his Prifoners. By this time came the Indian Souldier & brought his Father and one Indian more. The Captain was now in great ftraight of mind what to do next he had a mind to give Annawon a vilit, now knew where to find him, but his company was very fmall, but half a dozen men belide himfelf, and was under a neceffity to fend fome body back to acquaint his Lieutenant & company ^^ with his proceedings. However he asked his fmall company that were with him. Whither they would willingly go with him and give Annawon a vifit? They told him, They were always ready to obey his com- mands, &c. But withal told him, That they knew this Capt. nearly touches, at fome points, the ^45 it could fcarcely have been more weft line of Dighton ; Little Squatina- than 9 or 10 miles to Annawon's camp ; koiik and Bad-Luck fwamps lie be- but the way was, unqueftionably, — tween it and Refervoir pond on the through that miry country, — tedious fouth, out of which flows the main feed- and difficult, and the day was evi- er of Palmer's (Warren) River. Mr. dently waning; as Church had already Drake fays [edition of Mather's Brief marched, with many delays, from the Hijiory, 180], that Squannakonh prob- narrow of Poppafqualh neck, a diftance ably fignifies the " Swamp of Night," which, by their finuous route, could or " Night-fwamp." But Mr. Trumbull hardly have been lefs than fifteen fays, " I can make nothing of this miles. name. It is certainly corrupted, and »*« Whom he had left at the fwan.p has loft at leaft one (initial) fyllable." above Mattapoifctt neck. 163 [49 ] Annawon zvas a great Souldier ; that he had been a valiant Captain ttndcr Afuhmequn, Philips Father, ^*'^ and that he had been Philips Chieftain all this War ; a very fubtle man, and of great refolution, and had of ten f aid, that he would never be taking alive by the Englifh j a7id moreover they knew that the men that were with him were ref o lute fellows, fome d?/" Philip's chief Souldiers ; a7td therefore feared whether it was pra6licable to '}nake an attempt upon him withfo [49] fmall a handful of afjiflants as now were with him. Told him further, That it would be a pitty that after all the Great Things he had done, he f wield throzv away his Life at lafl, &c. Upon which he replyed, That he doubted not Anna- won was a fubtle & valiant Man: that he had a Ions' time but in vain fought for him, and never till now could find his quarters; and he was very loth to mifs of the oppor- tunity; and doubt not but that if they would chearfully go with him, the fame Almighty Providence that had hitherto protected and befriended them would do fo ftill, &€. Up- on this with one confent they faid. They would go, Capt. Church then turned to one Cook oi Plymouth^^ (the only ^"^ Majfafoit had two names, each of accent on the fecond fjllable." The which, in accordance with the humor other was written Woofamcqitin, Wa/a- of the times, had a various fpelling. megin, UJfaniequen, AfuJimeqiiin, Oofa- Bradford wrote one Majfafoyt and mcquen, O/amekin, Oxv/amequin, O^vf- Majfafoyet ; Window wrote it Ma/a- amequine, <&c. dc. [Bradford's Hiji. foyt and Majfajfo-vat ; Prince fajs, Plym. 94, 103; Young's Chronicles " I find the ancient People from their Plym. 191, 313; Prince's Annals, loi ; Fathers in Plimouth Co/owj pronounce Belknap's ^w^/'. ^/j^. ii : 212; Thatch- his name Ma-faf-fo-it" •■, to which &r\ Ind. Biog.'w 117; T>r^\iQ'?> Book of Thatcher adds (as if from Belknap, Ind. Si.] what Belknap does not fay), "with the ^^^ Beyond queftion this was Caleb 164 [49] EiigliJJi Man then with him) and ask'd him, What he thought of it ? Who replyed, Sir, I am never afraid of going a7iy zvhere when you are with me. Then Capt. Church asked the old Indian, if he could carry his Ilorfe with him? ( for he conveyed a Horfe thus far with him: ) He reply'd that it was impoffible for an Horfe to pafs the Swamps, Therefore he fent away his new Indian Soul- dier with his Father and the Captains Horfe to his Lieu- tenant, and orders for him to move to Taunton with the Prifoners, to fecure them there, and to come out in the Morning in the Rehoboth Road, in which he might expe6t to meet him, if he were alive and had fuccefs.^** The Captain then asked the old fellow, If he would Pilot him unto Anna-won ? He anfwered, that he having given him his life he was obliged toferve him. He bid him move on then; and they followed: The old man would out-travel them, fo far fometimes that they were almoft out of fight; looking over his Shoulder and feeing them be- hind, he would halt. Juft as the Sun was fetting, the old man made a full Hop and fat down, the company coming up alfo fat down, being all weary. Capt. Church asked, What news? He anfwered. That about that time in the Evening Capt. Annawo7i, fent out his Scouts to fee if the Coaft were clear, and as foon as it began to grow dark the Scouts return. And then (faid he) we may move Cook, who fo narrowly miffed being miles from the fwamp where Lieut, the flayer of Philip. (See note 307, Plowland and his company were, north- ante?) cafterly up the weft bank of the Titkiit «9 It was probably twelve or thirteen (Taunton) River to Taunton. 165 [49 ] again fecurely. When it began to grow dark the old man ftood up again, Capt. Church asked him, if he would take a Gun and fight for him? He bowed very low and pray'd him not to impofe fuch a thing upon him, as to fight againft Capt. Annawon his old friend. But fayes he, I will go along with you, and be helpful to you, and will lay hands on any man that fhall offer to hurt you. It being now pretty dark they moved clofe together; anon they heard a noife, the Captain ftay'd the old man with his hand, and asked his own men what noife they thought it might be? they concluded it to be the pounding of a Mortar. The old man had given Capt. Church a defcription of the Place where Annowon now lay, and of the Difficulty of getting at him: being fenlible that they were pretty near them, with two of his Indians he creeps to the edge of the Rocks,^° from whence he could fee their Camps; he saw ^^ A continuous tradition has pre- change of years, has made the pofition ferved the identity of this fpot. It is more acceffible than of old, although an out-cropping ledge of rocks in a wet ground ftill furrounds the ropk. bit of upland in the northern part of The traveller will find, perhaps So rods Squannako7ik fwamp in Rehoboth. It bej'ond Mr. Blifs's houl'e (which ftands may now be reached by the old turn- in the angle where another road crofles pike from Taunton to Providence, and the pike), a tree on the left, larger than is between the houfes on that road now any near it, which bears the marks of occupied by Seneca Blifs and Noah being often ufed as a hitching-poft; Fuller ; on the left fide as you go to- with a path leading thence fouth-eafterly ward Providence, and about 6-^ miles into the woods. Following that path, from Taunton. This portion of the fay So paces, he will begin to afcend fwamp is owned by Nathan Pratt of the ledge which flopes up before him Taunton, who married a daughter of at an angle of perhaps 40 degrees, and Dea. Blifs, its former proprietor. The the length of which lies acrofs his way building of this road through the north- up, and apparently not far from north- ern end of the fwamp, with the natural eafl; and fouth-weft. From pacing it, 166 [50] three companies of Indians at a little diflancc from each other, being eafy to be difcovered by the light of their fires. He faw alfo the great An\j^o\nawo7t and his company, who had formed his Camp or Kennelling-place, by falling a Tree under the fide of the great clefts of Rocks, and fit- ting a row of birch bufiies up againft it, where he himfelf, and his Son, and fome of his chiefs had taken up their lodging, and made great fires without them, and had their Pots and Kittles boiling, and Spits roaft:ing. Their Arms alfo he difcovered, all fet together in a place fitted for the purpofe (landing up an end againfl; a fi;ick lodged in two crotches, and a ISIat placed over them, to keep them from the wet or dew. The old Annawons feet and his Sons head were fo near the Arms as almofl: to touch them: But I judge that this ledge may average 125 feet in length by 75 feet in width, ter- minating on its fouthern and weftern fide in rugged cliffs from 30 to 40 feet in hight. The rock is a pudding-ftone, thick fet with pebbles, and has evidently felt the effedl of convulfion, or other rough treatment, along its fouthern and fouth-weftern edge, which is jagged, and from which huge bowlders, now lying at its bafe, have been torn. About two-thirds of the way weft, along this fouthern face, is a deep recefs, ac- ceffible from above with difficulty by the aid of the bulbes growing in the clefts, which anfwers well to Church's defcrip- tion of the fpot in which Annawon was now encamped. The growth of trees around the rock has recently been felled ; and the firft feeling of the vifitor is one of furprife that a retreat fo ex- pofed on the fouthern fide as this now feems to be, Ihould have anfwered the conditions of Annawon's camp. But, on reflexion, one will fee, that, with the fwamp as it then was, the rock could be reached only from the upland ifthmus which connected it with the main land, which lay probably in the direaion from which the path now ap- proaches the fpot; while the fide which now feems expofed was not only pro- tefted by the furrounding water and mire, but iTiut in and concealed by the old foreft growth. From the edge of the cliff, Church could look down upon Annawon, his fon, and chiefs, almoft diredtly under him, and upon the three companies around their fires, fcattered along its fouthern fiice. 167 [so] the Rocks were fo fteep that it was impoffible to get down, but as they lowered themfelves by the bows, and the bufhes that grew in the cracks of the Rock. Capt. Church creeping back again to the old man, asked him, If there was no poffibility of getting at them fome other way? He anfwered, no. That he and all that belonged to Annawon were ordered to come that way, and none could come any other way without difficulty or danger of being fhot. Capt. Church then ordered the old man and his daughter to go down fore-moft with their baskets at their backs, that when Annawon faw them with their baskets he fhould not mif- truft the intregue ; Capt. Church and his handful of Soul- diers crept down alfo under the fhadow of thefe two and their baskets, and the Captain himfelf crept clofe behind the old man, with his Hatchet in his hand, and ftep'd over the young mans head to the Arms, the young Annawon difcovering of him, whip'd his blanket over his head and flirunk up in a heap: The old Capt. Annawon flarted up on his breech, and cryed out Hozvoh^^^ and defpairing of efcape^^^ throw himfelf back again, and lay lilent until Capt. Church had fecured all the Arms, &c. And having fecured that company, he fent his Indian Souldiers to the ^1 HotvoJi I i.e. Aivaufi ervb ? "Who ^'-^ Annawon probably had no idea is that?" [Roger Williams's Aly. i?.-/. that Church would have the boldneis ////?. CoU. i : 29.] or Hozvan / "who?" thus to beard him in his den, without an e.g., Hoivan yeuoh -vag Edo7n d-c, abundant force furrounding and irre- " Who is this that Cometh from Edom, fiftibly enclofing him on every fide; &c. ?" 'lEliot, Ifaiak Ixiii : i.] This as was reprefented to be the fai5l to feems to have been the ufual challenge : the other companies, by his Indian fol- " Who's there?" diers. 168 [51 ] other fires & companies, giving them inftruaions, what to do and fay. Accordingly, they went into the midft of them: When they difcovered themfelves who they were, told them that their Capt. Annawon was taken, and it would be beft for them quietly and peaceably to furrender themfelves, which would procure good quarter for them: Otherwife if they fhould pretend to refifl or make their ef- cape, it would be in vain, and they could expe6t no other but that Capt. Chtirch with his great Army, who had now entrap'd them, would cut them to pieces: told them alfo if they would fubmit themfelves, and deliver up all their Arms unto them, and keep every man his place until it was day; they would aifure them that their Capt. Church who had been fo kind to themfelves when they furrendred to him, fhould be as kind unto them. Now they being old acquaintance, and many of them Relations did much the readier give heed to what they faid, and complyed & fur- rendred up their Arms unto them, both their Guns and Hatchets, &c. and were forthwith carryed to Capt. Church. Things being fo far fettled, Capt. Church asked Annatuoji, What he had for Supper, for ( faid he ) I am come to Sup [51] with you. Taubut^ (faid Anncnvon) with a big voice; and looking about upon his Women, bid them haften and get Capt. Chtirch and his company fome Supper; then turned to Capt. Church and asked him. Whether he would 853 Tatibut: Literally, " It is fatif- well;" Tdubot ne faump mauutln'ttit, faaory," " tres bien," e.g., Taubut " 1 am -lad they are well." [Roger /aww/ »mM«/a;«a«, "lamgladyouare Williams R.-I. Hijh Coll. i: 27.] 22 169 [51 ] eat Cow-beaf or Horfe-beaf, The Captain told him Cow-beaf would be moft acceptable: It was foon got ready, and pul- ling his little bag of Salt out of his Pocket, which was all the Provifion he brought with him; this feafon'd his Cow- beaf fo that with it and the dry'd green-corn, which the old Squaw was pounding in the Mortar,^ while they were Aiding down the Rocks, he made a very hearty Supper. And this pounding in the Mortar proved lucky for Capt. Churches getting down the Rocks, for when the old Squaw pounded they moved, and when fhe ceafed to turn the corn, they ceafed creeping, the noife of the Mortar prevented the Enemies hearing their creeping: and the corn being now drefled fupplyed the want of Bread, and gave a fine relifh with the Cow-beaf. Supper being over, Capt. Church fent two of his men to inform the other companies, that he had killed Philips and had taken their friends in Mount-hope Neck,^^ but had fpared their lives, and that he had fub- dued now all the Enemy ( he fuppofed ) excepting this company of Annawons, and now if they would be orderly and keep their places until Morning, they fhould have good quarter, and that he would carry them to Taunton, where they might fee their friends again, &c. The Meffengers ^^ "The mode of pounding dry times a depreflion in the face of a rock." maize, by the grain-raifing tribes, va- [Schoolcraft's Inf. re/J>e<^ing the Ind. ried confiderably. It was a fpecies Tribes iii : 466.] of work left wholly to the women, who ^^ That is, thofe whom Annawon had generally exercifed their ingenuity in fent down to Poppafqualh, and the its reduction. When circumftances fa- regions beyond it, after provifions ; vored it, mortars and peftles of ftone whom Church had captured the day were employed. The mortar was fome- before. 170 returned, that the Indians yielded to his propofals. Capt. CJmrch tho't it was now time for him to take a Nap, hav- ing had no fleep in two days and one night before; told his men that if they would let him fleep two hours, they fhould fleep all the reft of the night. He lay'd himfelf down and endeavoured to fleep, but all difpofition to fleep departed from him. After he had lain a little while he looked up to fee how his Watch managed, but found them all faft a-fleep. Now Capt. Church had told Capt. Attna- wons company, as he had ordered his Indians to tell the others, that their lives fhould all be fpared, excepting Capt. Annawons, and it was not in his power to promife him his life, but he muft carry him to his Mafters at Plymouth^ and he would intreat them for his life. Now when Capt. Church found not only his own men, but all the Indians faft a-fleep Annawon only excepted, whom he perceived was as broad awake as himfelf; and fo they lay looking one upon the other perhaps an hour; Captain Church faid nothing to him, for he could not fpeak Indian^ and tho't Annawon could not fpeak EngliJJi ; at length Annawon raifed himfelf up, caft oft' his blanket, and with no more clothes than his fmall breeches, walked a little way back from the company: Capt. Church tho't no other but that he had occafion to eafe himfelf, and fo walked to fomc dif- 356 It will be remembered, that been principal Adors in thofe Villa- Church's commiffion (fee p. loi, arite) nies." Compare the ai5lion of Ply- expreffly excepted from- his power of mouth Court, 7 July, 1676; and alfo 4 "receiving to mercy" fuch as were November following. \_Plym. Col. Rcc. "Murderous Rogues, or fuch as have v: 205; xi : 242.] [5^ ] tance rather than offend him with the flink: but by and by he was gone out of fight and hearing; and then Capt. Church began to fufpect fome ill deiign in him, and got all the Guns clofe to him, and crouded himfelf clofe under 3'oung Annawo?t, that if he fhould any where [52] get a Gun he fhould not make a fhot at him without indanger- ing his Son; lying very ftill a while waiting for the event: at length, he heard fome body coming the fame way that Annawon went. The Moon now fhining bright, he faw him at a diftance coming with fomething in his hands, and coming up to Capt. Church, he fell upon his knees before him, and offer'd him what he had bro't, and fpeak- ing in plain Englijli, faid, Great Capiam, you have killed Philip, and conquered his Country for I believe, that I & my company are the laji that War againjl the Y^ngWih., fo fuppo/e the War is ended by your means ; and therefore thefe things belong U7ito you. Then opening his pack, he pull'd out Philips belt curioufly wrought with Wompojn^~ being Nine ^^ Wompom (plural \Vo7npotnpeag) Jexvati, i.e., " fcattered," " loofe." The was the Indian name for the white Englifh, not underftanding, or dilre- beads ufed as currency, or for the pay- garding, the diftind:ion of colors, af- ment of tribute from tribe to tribe ; fumed the name of the cheaper and from vjoffipi, "white." The black, or, more common wow/ompeag as generic, more properly, the purple beads, made and called all Ibell-money tvompom. from the margin of the fhell of the Dr. Palfrey fays thefe beads were a round clam {Venus 7nercetiarta), were quarter of an inch long, and in diameter caWeA J'uckauhock, "dark-colored-fhell." lefs than a pipe-ftem, drilled lengthwife. Thefe beads when ftrung, in bands or Gookin and Roger Williams teftify, that girdles, were called, generally, peag ; the white beads (or ivompom proper) when \oo{q, fi:axvh6og {farvhoog, Roger were rated at half the value of the Williams'sifej. i?.-/. //^?/?. Co//, i: 131); black. Palfrey adds that the former by the Dutch and other traders, yea wa;/, paffed for a farthing each in tranfac- 173 [ 52 ] inclies broad,''^ wrought with black and white Wompom, in various figures and flowers, and pi6tures of many birds and beafts. This when hung upon Capt. Churches fhoul- ders it reach'd his ancles. And another belt of Wompom he prefented him with, wrought after the former manner, which Philip was wont to put upon his head; it had two flags on the back part which hung down on his back: and another fmall belt with a Star upon the end of it, which he ufed to hang on his breafl;; and they were all edg'd with red hair, which Annawon faid they got in the Muh- hogs^^ Country. Then he pulled out two horns of glazed Powder, and a red cloth Blanket; He told Capt. Chirch^ thefe were Philips Royalties^ which he was wont to tions between the natives and the col- onifts ; that is, 960 to the pound fterling. A law was pafTed, however, in the Mafs. Colony, 2 June, 1641, to this effedl : "It is ordered that wampampege fhall paffe currant at 6 a penny for any fumme under £10, for debts hereafter to bee made." In Sept., 1648, the com- mifTioners of the United Colonies, from the fa(5l that the Indians and traders cheated in dealing with wampum, " fmaule & great uncomly & diforderly mingled," recommended an order that none Ihould " bee payed or Refcaiued " but what is " in fom meafure ftrunge futably;" but the General Courts did not agree to it. In 1660 it was rated at 55. a fathom. [Palfrey's Hiji. N. E. i: 31; Mafs. Col. Rec. i: 329; Plym. Col. Rec. ix: 136, 149; x: 251 ; I Mafs. HiJl. Coll. i: 152; R.-I.HiJl. Coll. i: 130-] ^ " They \^peag\ were ufed for orna- ment as well as for coin, and 10.000 have been known to be wrought into a fingle war-belt four inches wide." [Palfrey's HiJi. N. E.\: 32.] "They make girdles curioufly, of one, two, three, foure and five inches thicknefle and more, of this money, which (fome- times to the value of £10 and more) they weare about their middle and as a fcarfe about their fhoulders and breafts. "Yea, the Princes make rich Caps and Aprons (or fmall breeches) of thefe Beads thus curioufly flrung into many formes and figures : their blacke and white finely mixt together." [Roger Williams's Key. R.-I. HiJi- Coll. i : 131-] 35'-» Mohawk's country. 86'' It is an interefting queftion what became of thefe " royalties " after they were thus pafled into the hands of 173 [52 ] adorn himfelf with when he fat in State. That he tho't him- felf happy that he had an opportunity to prefent them to Capt. Church, who had won them, &c. fpent the remainder of the night in difcourfe; and gave an account of what mighty fuccefs he had formerly in Wars againft many Nations of Indians, when ferved Afuhmequin^^^ Philips Father, &c. In the Morning ^^ as foon as it was Hght, the Captain March'd with his Prifoners out of that Swampy Country towards Tau7tton, met his Lieutenant and Compa- Church. I find no note of their prefervation in Church's houfehold, nor any evidence that the tradition to which Mr. Drake refers, tracing them to the cuftodj of a family in Swanfey, \^Book of Ind. 239] has any foundation in fa6l. It is moft reafonable to fup- pofe that Church turned them over to the Government, and evidence has juft been brought to light which indicates that moft, if not all, of the articles here referred to, were fent as prefents by the Plymouth Governor to King Charles the Second. Dr. Palfrey has depofited with the Mafs. Hiftorical Society the copy of a letter obtained by him from the State-Paper Office [^Colonial Papers No. xlvi. Art. 149], from Jofias Winflow to the king, of date " New Plymouth, 26 June, 1677," in which the Governor craves His Majefty's acceptance " of thefe few Indian rarities, beeing the beft of our fpoyles, and the beft of the ornaments and treafure of fachem Philip the grande Rebell, the moft of them taken from him by Capt. Benja- min Church (a perfon of great loyalty and the moft fuccefsful of our com- manders) when hee was flayne by him; being his Crowne, his gorge, and two belts of theire owne makeing of theire golde and filver." [Ma/s. Hijl. Soc. Proceedings^ 1863-4, p. 481.] This de- fcription accords very well with that given by Church. The " crowne " was, doubtlefs, the belt " which Philip was wont to put upon his head " ; the " gorge " \_gorget, " a crefcent-fhaped plate worn round the neck by officers on duty," — WorceJlerA^ rnay have been the " fmall belt with a Star upon the end of it, which he ufed to hang upon his breaft." "^'^ It has been ufual to regard Maffa- foit as a man of peace. Mr. Thatcher fays he "did not diftinguilh himself as a warrior; nor is he known to have been once engaged in any open hof- tilities, even with the inimical and powerful tribes who environed his terri- tory." \^Ind. Biog.'w 140]. But this tef- timony of Annawon, as well as other evidence which might eafily be cited, in- timates that he was much like other Indians in that refpedl. 3^'- Tuefday, 12 September? 74 [£2 ] ny, about four Miles out of Town,^^ who expreffed a great deal of joy to fee him again, and faid, 'twas more than ever he expected. They went into Taunto7t, were civily and kindly treated by the Inhabitants, refrefhed and relied themfelves that night. Early next Morning,^*^ the Captain took old Annawon, and half a dozen of his Indian Soul- diers, and his own man, and went to Rhode-IJIand, fending the reft of his Company and his Prifoners by his Lieuten- ant to Plymouth. Tarrying two or three days upon the Ifland, he then went to Plymouth, and carryed his Wife and his two Children with him. Capt. Church had been but a little while at Plymouth, before he was informed of a parcel oi Indians, that haunted the Woods between Plymoiith and Sippican, that did great damage to the EngliJIi in killing their Cattel, Horfes and Swine; and the Captain was foon in purfuit of them: Went out from Plymouth the next Monday^ in the after- noon; next Morning early ^'^^ they difcovered a Track; the 3G3 Church would moft likely ftrike him from motives of kindnefs to that the old Taunton and Providence road, chief, left the Plymouth authorities then a trail, near the eaft flank of might make Ihort work with him before " Great-Meadow Hill," a half-mile north his return. of the rock where he had encamped; ^'^^ See note 314, nutc. It is mv im- from whence it would be nearly eight preffion that this expedition is here mif- miles to Taunton. As he met his Lieu- placed, really belonging m the laft week tenant about half way, they muft have of Auguft or the firft week of September, come together a little eaft of the Scgre- before Annawon's capture. This ISIon- ganfet River, probably not far from the day may, then, have been Monday, 28 prefent refidence of G. Dean. Aug., or pofllbly the 4th September. 304 [Wednefday, 13 September.?] As ^ Church himfelf gives fmall clew his occafions led him to Rhode-Illand, to the geography of this expedition. Church doubtlefs took Annawon with It is obvious, however, that the marau- 175 [53 ] Captain fent two Indians on the Track to fee what they could difcover, while he and his Company followed gently after, but [53] the two Indians foon returned with Ty- dings that they had difcovered the Enemy fitting round their fires, in a thick place of brufii. When they came pretty near the place, the Captain ordered every man to creep as he did; and furround them by creeping as near as they could, till they fliould be difcovered, and then to run on upon them and take them alive, if pofilble, ( for their Prifoners wxre their pay: ) They did fo, took every one that was at the fires, not one efcaping. Upon examination they agreed in their Story, that they belonged to Tifpa- quin^^" who was gone w^ith John Bump,^^^ and one more, ders of whom he was in fearch were "between Plymouth and Sippican"; and as he did not leave Plymouth until afternoon, he could not have been many miles on his way (unlefs he marched all night, which is not probable) when he difcovered their track. Hubbard fays \_Narrative 107] that " the place was near Lakenham upon Pocajfct Neck." He was probably right in the place, and wrong in its relative pofition. Laken- ham was the name very early given to the meadows Ij'ing eaft of Six-mile Brook and near Wenham Pond, on the road to Nemafket, in what is now Carver; at leaft 28 miles, air-line dif- tance, from PocaJJet, yet exa(5lly where Church would be likelieft to be, on a fcout for Indians lurking between Ply- mouth and Sippican. It is about 6 miles from Plymouth. *'^ See note 227, ante. 368 pg-vv family names have had a more curious transformation, in the procefs of popular ufe, than that which is here attached to this Indian. Origi- nally the Huguenot Bompajfe (from Bon- fas)., it became corrupted firft to Bumpafs, then to Biunpus, and finally to Bump I Edward, who came over in the Fortune, in 1621, founded a very worthy family, which ftill holds its own in the Old Colony. Mr. Drake, in his edition of Church, fuppoles that the In- dian here referred to may have derived his name from fome aflbciation with members of this family. It feems to me more probable, that his genuine Indian name fo refembled theirs in found as to have become confufed with it. There was a John Wampees, who appears on the lift of " diuers Indians inhabiting att Agaivaam, Sepecan, and Wezveante, with other Places adjoyn- 176 [ 53 J to Agawom'^ and Sippican^''' to kill Ilorfcs, and were not expected back in two or three days. This fame Tifpaquiji had been a great Captain, and the Indians reported that he was fuch a great Pouwau^'^ that no bullet could enter him, &c. Capt. Church faid. He would not have him killed, for there was a War broke out in the Eaftern Part of the Country, and he would have him faved to go with them to fight the Eajlern IndiansF''^ Agreeably he left two old Squaws of the Prifoners, and bid them tarry there until their Capt. Tifpaquin returned, and to tell him, that Church had been there, and had taken his Wife, Children, and company, and carryed them down to Plymonth ; and would fpare all their lives, and his too, if he would come down ing," who " engaged theire Fidelitie to the Gou'rment of New Plymouth, 6 July, 1671." Bompaffe and Wampees, as then popularly pronounced, could not, I think, have feemed very unlike ; and it is my impreffion that this was the fame John ; .who, like Tautozen in the fame lift, proved faithlefs to the fidelity which he engaged. [^Plym. Col. Rec. v: 72.] *''■* See note 209, ayite. ^'^ See note 210, anie. "^ Pauwau {Pov.'0-m). Eliot ufes this word in the form in which Church writes it, for a "witch," or "wizard," or " magician." [e.g., Exod. -xxW: 18; Dan. iv : 7.] Roger Williams gives Po-Mvjdvj, and defines : " thefe doe begin and order their fervice, and In- vocation of their Gods, and all the peo- ple follow, and joyne interchangeably in a laborious bodily fervice, unto 23 I fweating, efpecially of the Prieft, who fpends himfelfe in ftrange Antick Gef- tures, and AAions even unto fainting." [Acj. R.-I. Hijl. Coll. i: iii.] De Vries fays of the Indians at Cayenne, "Their priefts they call peoayos ; we call them forcerers." So the word mud have had a wide range, territo- rially, and a very refpeAable antiquity. Though not exadtly a fimple or primi- tive word, its etymology is too ohfcure to be given without a preliminary trca- tife on Indian roots. ^''^ Wakely (Hubbard calls him Wa- terly) and his family, were murdered by the Indians at Falmouth, Me., in the fecond week of SeptembeV; and other outbreaks at Saco, Scarborough, Wells, Kittery, &c., foon followed. [Hubbard's Narrative of Troubles, it-c, from Pafcataqiia to Pcmmaqitid, 16; Palfrey's Ilifl N. E. iii : 207.] 77 [53 ] to them and bring the other two that were with him, and they fhould be his Souldiers, &€. Capt. Church then returned to Plymouth^ leaving the old Squaws well pro- vided for, and Bisket for Tifpaqidn when he returned: Telling his Souldiers, that he doubted not but he had laid a Trap that would take him.^"^ Capt. Church two days af- ter went to BoJlo7i\ ( the Commiffioners then fitting )^"'^ and waited upon the Honourable Governour Leverett who then lay Sick;^'^ who requefted of Capt. Church to give him fome account of the War: who readily obliged his Hon- our therein, to his great Satisfaction, as he was pleafed to exprefs himfelf; taking him by the hand, and telling him, if it pleafed God he lived, he would make it a brace of a hundred pounds advantage to him out of the Maffachufetts Colony, and would endeavour the reft of the Colonies fhould do Proportionably;^'^ but he dyed within a Fort- ^'^ This language is to be interpreted Artillery Company, 1639, holding fuc- honorably. Church does not mean ceffively all its offices ; was freeman 13 that he had laid a trap to take the May, 1640; 27 May, 1663, he was chofen Black Sachem by a falfe promife, as Major-General, and every year after- might feem, in the light of fubfequent wards, until he was chofen Governor, events; but that, in offering him a in 1673, which office he held until his Captaincy under him to fight the Eaft- death ; befides being feledlman, deputy, ern Indians, he had held out an induce- affiftant, &c. &c. No fadl can be bet- ment fufficient to fecure his capitulation, ter eftablifhed than that he died 16 as the refult proved. March, 167S-9, or about 2 years and 5 ^^* The Commiffioners of the three months later than the date to which Confederate Colonies. Church would here affign his deceafe ; ^'5 Joint Leverett was the only fon another proof that the old warrior dic- of Elder Thomas Leverett, and was lated from a memory not always accu- born in England in 1616, and came to rate in minutiae. [See N. E. Hijl. and New England with his parents in Sept., Gen. Reg. iv : 125-32.] 1633; joined Bofton Church 14 July, ^76 q^^ Leverett, on behalf of the i^'39; joined the Ancient and Honorable General Court of Mafs., wrote to the 178 [ 53 ] night after, and fo nothing was done of that nature. The fame day^" Tifpaqtiin came in and thofe that were with him, but when Capt. Church return'd from Bojlon^ he found- to his grief that the heads oi Annawon, Tifpaqtiin^ &c. cut off, which were the lafl of Philips friends.^'^ The General Court of Plymouth then fitting^'^ fent for Capt. Church who waited upon them accordingly, and received their Thanks for his good Service, which they Unanimoufly Voted, which was all that Capt. Church had for his aforefaid Ser- vice. Afterwards in the Year 1676. in the Month of Janu- ary^^ Capt. Church received a Commiffion*^^ from Gover- Governor of Plymouth, 17 0(5l., 1676, in regard to fending an expedition eaft againft the hoftile Indians there. *' Wherein," he fays, " wee defire & ex- pect yo' concurrance w"" us, & affiftance of us w* fome Englilli, & alfo fome of your Indians, & Caft, Church, xvhom nve hatie fpoken with here, d- finde him ready to ferve God & the country ; re- queft therefore your fpeedy fending of him, &fuch as yow fhall see meet, to afift in that defigne." {^Mafs. Col. Rec. v: 126.] I find no refponfe to this on the Plymouth Records. 8"^ That is, the fame day which Church refers to in his account of fct- ting his trap for Tifpaquin. 8^ Hubbard fays the Plymouth au- thorities tefted Tifpaquin on his reputa- tion of being impenetrable by bullets, but " he fell down at the firft Ihot." {^Narrative, 107.] The fadt probably was, that the Court, having committed themfelves to the policy of extermina- tion, fo far as the ringleaders of late butcheries were concerned, did not fee fit to gratify Church by making excep- tions in thefe eminent cafes. The Home Government at London-:- if we may judge by the records of the times — would have been even more unyield- ing. 3-9 The Court met i Nov., 1676. ^ In the Old Style the month of January, 1676, came after, inftead of before, November and December; the year beginning with 25th March, in- ftead of ift January. 3^1 After the Annawon expedition, Church's old company fcems to have difbanded; and, from the ilTue of this new commiffion to him at this time, the force of the old would feem to have expired. 179 [54 ] nour Winjlozv, to Scoure the Woods offome of the lurking Enemy, which they were well informed were there. Which Commiffion is as follows: [54] BEing well informed that there are certain parties of 07ir Indian Enemies, ( remains of the People, or Allies of Philip, late Sachem of Mount-hope, our Mortal Enemy) that are Jim lurking' in the Woods near fome of our Pla^ita- tions, that go on to diflurb the Peace of His Majeflfs Subjefls in this & the Neighbotiri^ig Colonies, by their frequent Rob- beries, and other Infolences. Capt. Benjamin Church is therefore hereby Nominated, Ordered, Commifjioned, and Tmpoivred to raife a Compa7iy of Volunteers, conffiing of Englifh and Indians* fo many as he fJiall judge necefjfary to improve in the prefent Expedition, and can obtain ; And of them to take the Command, and Conduct, and to lead them forth unto fuch place or places zvithin this or the Neighbour- ing Colonies, as he fJiall think fit, and as the Providence of God, and his Intclligc7ice may lead him ; To Difcover, Pur- fue. Eight, Surprize, Defiroy, and Subdue our faid Indian E7iemy, or any party or parties of them, that by the Provi- dence of God they inay meet with ; Or them, or any of them to receive to Mercy, if he fee canfe {provided they be not Mur- derous Rogues, or fuch as have been principal Aflors in thofe Vilanies. ) And for the Profecution of this defign, liberty is hereby grajited to the faid Capt. Church, a7id others, to Arm andfet out fuch of our friendly Indians, as he is willing to Entertain. And for af much as all thefe our Enemies that have been taken, or at any time may be taken by our Forces, 180 [ 54 ] have by our Courts and Councils been rendred lawful Cap- tives of War, and condemned to perpetual Servitude; this Council do alfo determine and hereby declare, That allfuch Prifo7iers as by the bleffing of God thefaid Captain and Com- pany, or any of them,fJiall take, together with their Arms, and other P hinder, flia II be their own, and to be diflributed amongH themf elves, according to fuch agreement as they may be at one with another : And itfhall be lawful, and is hereby warrantable for him and them to make Sale of fuch Prifon- ers as their perpetiial Slaves ; or otherwife to retain and keep them as they think meet, ( they being fuch as the Law allows to be kept : ) Finally, the faid Capt. Church herein improv- ing his befl judgment and difcretion, and utmofl ability, faithfully to Serve the Interefl of God, his Majcflies Interefl, and the Interefl of the Colony ; and carefully governing his faid Company at home and abroad ; thefefliall be unto him full and ample Commiffion, Warrant ajid Difcharge. Giv- en under the Publick Seal. January 15th. 1676. Per Jofiah Winflow, GOV. Accordingly Capt. Church accompanied with feveral Gentlemen and others went out, and took divers parties of India7ts; and in one of which Parties there was a certain old man whom Capt. Church fecm'd to take particular notice of, and asking him where he belonged, wlio told him to Swanzey ; the Captain ask'd his name, who rcplyed, his name was Confcience ; Co7tfcie7ice faid the Captam ( fmiling ) then the War is over, for that was what they [ 54 ] were fearching for, it being much wanting; and then returned the faid Confcience to his Poll again at Swansey, to a certain perfon the faid Indian delired to be Sold to/^^ and fo return'd home. ^2 22 July, 1676, it had been ordered by the Ph'mouth Council of War : " Whereas it is apprehended that the p'mition of Indian men that are cap- tiues to fettle and abide within this collonie may proue prejuditiall to our coinon peace and fafety, confidering that there hath neuer bin any lycence for fuch foe to doe, it is ordered by the councell and the authoritie thereof, that noe Indian male captiue fhall refide in this gou'ment that is aboue 14 yeers of age att the begining of his or theire captiuity, and if any fuch cap- tiues aboue that age are now in the gou'ment, which are not defpofed of out of this jurifdi(5tion by the is"" of Odtober next, ftiall forthwith be def- pofed of for the vfe of this gou'rment." [/'/yw. Col. Rec. v: 210.] Whether this had been repealed, or whether this old Confcience was made an exception, on account of his age, or name, I am not able to fay. 182 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. 't^sJV^J m" Cljronobgkal Cabk of (£fantts. Day of Day of Week. Month. Year. EVENT. Page. T. 122 July F. ! lo Apr. F. T. T. 29 Jan. 15 June W. 16 June &. I 20 June M. 31 June 22 June Th. 24 June M. I 28 June 1673 1674 167J 24 Saconet grantees met at Plymouth, and Benj. Church with them Grantees met at Duxbury, and drew lots for their shares Church goes down to view his lots, and con- cludes to settle on them Builds on his lot No. 19 Sassamon found murdered at Assawojnpsett . A-washojtks has a dance, to which she invites Church. He starts for Plymouth, calling on Petanamiet and Weetamoe .... He arrives at Plymouth, and calls on the Governor Philip allowed his Indians to plunder in Swansey A messenger reaches the Governor at Ply- mouth, who orders the Captains of the towns to march that day to Taunton . . Church leads a party of English and friend Indians, ahead of the main army, to Brown's and Myles's Garrisons .... First blood, in Philip's War, shed either at Swansey or Fall River • • A skirmish at Giles's Bridge, in which Wil- liam Hammond was killed 185 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. Day of Month. Year. EVENT. 29 June -July 7 July 8 July 9 July 15 July 16 July 1 7 July 19 July 10 Dec. t675 The troops, marched into Mount-Hope Neck to Keekkatmiit^ by a blunder, fired upon each other, wounding Ensign Savage ; found eight English heads, and Philip's staved drums The English begin to build a fort at Keek- kamtiit Captain Fuller and Church, with six files, start for Pocasset, and get over Bristol Ferry to Rhode Island Get over to Pocasset in the night .... Pease-field Fight Church goes back to Rhode-Island for provi- sions A fruitless expedition starts in pursuit of Weetamoe It starts again in a sloop for Fall River, has a skirmish, and gets back Our forces go from Mount Hope Neck Fort to Rehoboth To Gardner's Neck To Taunton They march to Pocasset, and attack Philips Philip gets away by rafts across the Taunton river, and flees to the Nip77mk Country -Aciishnet (Dartmouth) destroyed by the In- dians Another Fort built at Pocasset Remainder of the summer " improved " in nursing these Forts, while the Indians were recruiting in the Nipmtik Country and west as far as Albany Church starts from Boston with Governor Winslow on an expedition against the Nar- ragansetts, and gets to Rehoboth [to Myles's Garrison?] 186 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. Day of Month. Year. EVENT. 11 Dec. 12 Dec. 14 Dec. 15 Dec. 16 Dec. 17 Dec. 18 Dec. 19 Dec. 20 Dec. — Dec. 27 Jan. 28 Jan. 1-7 Feb. 10 Feb. 21 Feb. 1675 1671 Goes down with Richard Smith the nearest way over the ferries, to VVickford, R.-L, and surprises 18 of the enemy as a present to the Governor the same night Massachusetts and Plymouth troops, who had "• marched round the country," arrived Two forays were made ; 9 Indians killed, 12 taken, and 150 wigwams burned . . Several stragglers from the main body of the English were cut oft' Captain Prentice with his troop of horse goes down to Pettaquamscut^ and finds that the Indians had burned Bull's Garri- son, killing 10 men and 5 women and chil- dren The Connecticut troops arrive at the ruins of Bull's The Massachusetts and Plymouth forces march over and join them at 5 p.m. • . . About I P.M. they reach the edge of the swamp where the Narragansett fight took place, and the action began . . . • • Church and the other wounded men suffer terribly with the night-march to Wickford in the extreme cold. Captain Belcher " mercifully " arrives with a vessel " load- en " with provisions. Church and other wounded carried over to Rhode-Island. Massachusetts and Plym- outh troops remained, and were re-enforced, Connecticut forces reached Wickford again. Whole army, 1600 strong, started for the Nipmuk Countrv ,* * " Attacked /'//w/zrt'w'.'^ town in Warwick . . Army returned home for want of provisions . Lancaster surprised Medfield burned 187 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. Day of Month. 29 Feb. 167! Year. 8- 1 1 Mar. I 1 2 Mar. 26-28 Mar.! I 21 Apr. 12 May 19 May 6 June 8 June ? 9 June? 10 June? 2 1 June 11-24 June 25 June 26 June 27 June 28 June 676 EVENT. Plymouth Council of War met at Marshfield ; and Church advised the sending of 300 soldiers, one-third to be friend Indians ; but the Council demurred Church removes his family from Duxbury to Rhode-Island Clark's Garrison, in Plj^mouth, destroyed Rehoboth burned . Captain Wadsworth and his Company swal- lowed up at Sudbury Church's second son, Constant, born . Captain Turner surprises the Indians at the great falls of the Connecticut, but is him- self killed Church arrives at Plymouth, and meets the General Court Goes back, and on his way hails the Saconet Indians Church goes to Newport to get permission to go and see Aivashonks Goes across with Daniel Wilcocks to Treaty Rock, and xw^^i?, Aivashonks <\.\\A. her Indians Plymouth army to be ready to start for Taunton Fruitless efforts to get a vessel, and failure of Anthony Low to aid the business Peter is started from Rhode-Island for Saco- net and Plymouth, to carry Aivashonks' s submission Army arrives at Pocasset Church goes over to see Major Bradford and the armv Went back to go to Aivasho7zks to inform her of the arrival of the army. Saw her, and told her what to do, and returned to the army. Peter and his two Saconet companions appear before the Court at Plymouth . . CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. Day of 1 Day of Week. I Month. Year. EVENT. Page. Th. F. S. T. F. S. &. M. T. Th. 29 June 30 June I July 6 July 7>iy? 8 July? 10 July? 11 July? 1 2-33 July 16 July 17-23 July 1676 24 July „ 30 July " Army march to Punkateese. Church goes down to Saconet Axvashonks with her subjects make submis- sion at Punkateese to Major Bradford, and are ordered to report at Sandwich in six days, where Church agrees to meet her within a week Army goes back to Pocasset and over to Mount Hope, missing the Indians digging clams at Weypoiset The army having got comfortably back to Miles's Garrison, Church has leave to keep his promise with the Saconets .... He reaches Plymouth, and the same afternoon starts for Sandwich. Major Bradford's army marches after Philip He 'ci\-\^%Aivasho7iks at Mattapoisett (Mass.), He returns to Plymouth The Governor commissions him, and he marches the same night for the woods . . Captures a lot of Indians in Middleborough. An onset is made upon Taunton by the Indians Captures the J/o«/c/^^<7/^, &c.,&c Anthony Collymer writes to his wife . . . Church gviards some carts to Taunton, and pursues and captures Indians through Assau'o?)ipset neck, AcusJinet, Pouagan- set, Mattapoisett, and Sippican, to Ply- mouth Church's commission is enlarged .... A post from Bridgewater announces that an armv of Indians is threatening to cross the Tit'lcut to their town ; Church starts " by the beo-inning of the afternoon exercise, and goes to Monponset (in Halifax) that night 189 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. Day of Week. Day of Month. Year. EVENT. 31 July I Aug. w. Th. F. 2 Aug. 3 Aug. 4 Aug. 7-9 Aug.? F. 1 1 Aug. S. T. 12 Aug. 13 Aug. 15 Aug. 1-6 Sept.? F. 8 Sept. 10 Sept. M. 1 1 Sept. T. 12 Sept. W. 13 Sept. — 15-20 Sep. [6'j6 The "brisk Bridgewater lads" attack the Indians ; and Church, scouting towards the town, hears the firing, but does not join in the pursuit Church pursues the enemy ; sees Philip ; crosses on the felled tree, and back at the wading-place ; and takes many prisoners . Pursues further to a swamp in Rehoboth . . Back, with his prisoners, to Bridgewater . Back safe to Plymouth, with his captives . An expedition toward Dartmouth, and the capture of Sam Barrovj Starts on another expedition to Pocasset, and goes over the ferry to see his wife at Major Sanford's ; hears that Philip is at Mount Hope, and hastens immediately to attack him Philip is killed Church back at Rhode-Island Starts on his return to Plymouth .... Goes out towards Agawom (in Wareham), after Tispequin Starts again for Rhode-Island after Annaxvon A post informs him of Indians on Poppa- sqiiash neck (in Bristol) ; he starts and scouts after them Church takes prisoners, follows their guide, reaches Annawon^ s camp in Squatinakonk swamp (in Rehoboth) about dark, and captures him with all his men, &c., &c. . Takes his prisoners to Taunton, where they I'efresh and rest over night Taking Annawon, Church goes back to Rhode-Island, sending the rest of his com- pany and prisoners to Plymouth .... Starts for Plymouth, with his wife and chil- di'en, and Aunawon 190 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. Day of Week. Day of Month. Year. EVENT. Page. — — Nov. 15 >n. 1676 i67f Church waits on Governor Leverett in Boston 17S M. The General Court of Plymouth Colony tender him a vote of thanks Church is again commissioned by Governor Winslow, and goes out, and takes " divers parties of Indians," including old Con- science of Swansey ; which ends these An- nals of the War / 179 179-182 191 ^^Qrw^^^ INDEX. f 25 INDEX. The Arabic figures refer to the page in the body of the work ; the Roman numerals to the Introdudtorv portion. Names in italics arc those of Indians. A. Abram, Zeckaiy, i8. AculTinet, xxi. 109, 119. Agawam in Wareham, 95, 140. Ahani. 85. Akkoiiipoin, 126. Alderman, the flayer of Philip, 40, 147-152. Alexander, or Wamfutta, brother of Philip, 12. Allen, Rev. James, 35; Samuel, 124 bis. ; Squire, 16. Almv, 31; Chriftopher, xxix; Horace, 36; Job, xxiii; Capt. John, xx. i, 6, 31, 71, 141 ; Samuel, 36. Alfop, Key, 65; Mary, 65. Ames, John, 124. Amos, Capt., 134. Andros, Sir Edmund, 50. Amia-ion. xxi. 131, 149, i53- 163; cap- ture of. 163-175; date of that event difcuffed, 154, 155; put to death contrary to Church's wifli, 179. 195 A7iumpa/Ii, 5. Appleton. Major Samuel, 49. Apponeganfett, 45. See *' Ponegan- fett." Arnold, quoted, 17; Benedid, 38; Lion, xxxvi. ; Penelope, 38 ; Rev. Samuel, 127 ; Seth, xxvii. AffaAvampfett, Pond and Neck, 13. 68, 107, 121, 123. Aflbnett Neck, 68. AJfo-ve tough, 106. Afii/imcqiin, a name of Majfafoit, 164. AxvaJItonks, a female fachem, xix. xx. XXV. xxxiv. I, 4, 6, 7, 9, 25, 75, 76, 80, 82, 89. 90, 96. 97, 98, 99; invited by Philip to join in war with the col- onifts, 6 ; her interview with Church, 7; is detached, with her fubjecHs, by the addrefs of Church, from the party of Philip, and fubmits to the Ply- mouth government, So-84, 87 ; thcle Indians prove ferviccablc and faith- ful, 112, 120. Sec "Peter Awa- Ihonks." INDEX. B. Backus, quoted, 112. Bailej, Benjamin, xlvi ; Charles, ibid. ; Cornelius, ibid. ; Francis, xlv. ; George, xlv. xlvi ; Guido, 124; Han- nah, xlv. xlvi. ; John, xxxv. ; Jofhua, xlii. ; Ruth, xlv. bis. xlvi ; Samuel, xlv. bis. xlvi. bis. ; Sarah, xlv. xlvi. ; Thomas xlvi. ; William, xlv. bis. xlvi. Baker, William, xvi. Barnes, John, 114; Jonathan, ibid.; Marj, ibid. Sarroiu, Sam., 134, 139. Bartlett, John R., acknowledgment of aid from him, xiii. ; Jofeph, 135 ; Robert, xvi. Baxter, Thomas, 43. Bajlej, John, xxxii. Baylies, quoted. 147 ; William, 137. Beare, Richard, xix. xx. 3. Beedle, Jofeph, 3. Beers, Capt. Richard, 48. Belcher, Andrew, 20, 59 ; Rev. Jofeph, 20. Bell, James, 142. Bendall, Freegrace, 35. Sen Pctananueti, 12. Betty Azvajhonks, 6. Billington, Jofeph, 94. Bilhop, Richard, xix. 3. Blackman, Jonathan, xxxvi. Blifs, Seneca, 166. Blood, jfirft fhed in Philip's War, 18, 19. Bompafle, Edward, 176. Borden, Jefferfon, xxxii.; John, 143; Richard, xxxii.; Thomas, i. Bradford, Major William, xx. 16, 49, 88, 89, 90, 104. Bradifh, Robin, 105. Bradftreet, Gov. Simon, 53. Brattle, Capt. Thomas, 122. Brenton, Mr., 141; Mary, 115; Wil- liam, Governor of Rhode-Ifland, 115, 142, 149. Bridgewater, 123-126. Briggs, Jeremiah, xlvi. ; Job, ibid. ; Ke- zia, ibid. ; Sarah, xlv. ; William xxxvi. Briftol, R. I., xxiv. xxvi. xxviii. 157 ; church formed in, xxvii. Brooklield deftroyed, 48. Brown, Jabez, 13; John, 13; James, 13 bis., 18, 156. Brownell, Jofeph, 77. Bull, Jerah, his garrifon taken, 52. Bumf, John, 176. Burge, Thomas, xxx. xxxv. Burges, Either, xxxvi. Burroughs, James, xvii. xxvii. xxxi. Butterworth, Jonathan, 13. Byfield, Nathaniel, xxiv. xxv. xxx. 156. Byram, Nicholas, 124. C. Capture of Annawon, 163-175; the date difcufled, 154, 155. Carpenter, Alice, wife of Gov. Bradford, 26. Carr, Robert, 141. Cary, John, xxiv. xlii. Cafe, Anna, xxviii. ; James, ibid. Chadwick, Mary, xxxvi. Chandler, Samuel, 3. Chafe, William H., 77. ChelTawanucke [Hoglfland], xxv. Chettenden, Ifacke, 15. Chittenden, Ifaac, 106. Chowahunna, 87. Chronological Table of Events, 185-191 . Church, Benjamin, perfonal memoir of, xvii.-xxxvii. ; fummary of his ad- ventures in " Philip's War," xix.- 196 INDEX. xxi. ; location of his houfe, xxxii. xxxiv. II ; his death, xxxvii. ; inven- tory of his eftate, xxxviii. ; no por- trait exifts of him, xlii. ; his Epiftle " To the Reader," liii. ; his inter- view with Awafhonks, 7-1 1, So-85; with Gov. Winflow, 51, 52, 93, 94; furprifes and kills Philip, 145-148; captures Annawon, 153-175. [For his military adventures, fee Chronologi- cal Table of Events.] Church. Benjamin, " vendue mafter," ix. ; furnilhed materials for a biog- raphy of Col. Church, x. ; his " Ode Heroica," x. xi. xliii. Church, Benjamin, of tory memory, ix. Church, Alice, xxxviii. xli. ; Anna, xlvi. ; Benjamin, xliv. quater. xlv. bis. xlvi. bis. xlvii. ; Betfey, xlvi. ; Caleb, XXX. ; Charles, xxxiv. xlii. xliv. xlv. xlvi. ter. ; Conftant, xxxiv. xxxvi. xlii. xliv. xlv. bis. xlvi. bis., 71 ; Conftantine, xlvi. ; Deborah, xxxvi. ; Edward, " vendue mafter," ix. xliv. ; Elizabeth, xliv. ter. xlv. ter. xlvi. ; Francis, xlvi. ; Gamaliel, xlvi.; George, xlvi. xlvii. ; Hannah, xliv. xlv. xlvi. xlvii.; Jeremiah B., xlvi.; Jofeph, xxxii. 3, 5; Kezia, xlvi. ; Martha, xlii. xliv. xlv. ; Mary, xliv. xlv. xlvi. ter.; Mercy, xliv. xlvi. bis.; Nathaniel, xliv. xlv. ; Oba- diah, xlvi.; Peter, xlvi. xlvii. ter.; Prifcilla, xxxv. xxxvii. xliv.; Rich- ard, the original emigrant, particu- lar account of, xvi. xvii. ; Ruth, xlvi. bis. ; Sarah, xliv. bis. xlv. xlvi. ter.; Thomas, xxxiv. xxxv. xxxvi. xlii. xliv. sexies, xlv. xlvi. bis. ; Wil- liam, xlvi. bis. xlvii. Church's Point, in Little Compton, 77. ChurcJi. Saniueh an Indian teacher, 85. Churchill, Charles, the poet, xliii. Clapp, Job, xlvi. Clark, Jeremiah, 29; Dr. John, 58; Latham, xxxii. ; Mary, 29. Clarke, J. G., 52. Clark's Garrifon at Eel River, in Ply- mouth, deftroyed, 70, 71. Coakfett, in Dartmouth, 109. Cobbit, " the fchoolmaftcr," xxvi. Coe, Samuel, xxxvi. Cole, Hugh, 3, 11; James, i, 3, 135; Mary, i. Collamer, Jacob, 104. Collamore, Elizabeth, 106; Martha, ibid. ; Mary, ibid. ; Peter, 3, 105, 106; Sarah, 106. Collamore's Ledge, off Scituate, 106. Collymer [Collamore], Anthony, his letter to his wife, 105. Colomore, Peter, 3. Collier, Elizabeth, xvii. 26. Commiffion of Capt. Church, 100; another, 180. Commiffioners of the United Colonies fend a ftrong force to attack the Narraganfetts, 48. Cofifciencc of Swanzey, 181. Cook, Caleb, 147, narrowly miffed be- ing the flayer of Philip, 164; Eliza- beth, 78; Francis, 11 3, 147; Jacob, 147; John, 112, 147; Jofiah, xxvii. 3; Mary, 138; Silvanus, 147. Cory, Roger, xxxiii. ; Thomas, ibid. Cotton, Rev. John, of Plymouth, loi, 127, 128. Council of War, how conftitutcd, 14, 15; order captive Indians to bo fold, 46 ; reject Capt. Church's advice con- cerning a vigorous profccution of the war, 68; afterwards adopt it, 72 ; their order requiring every man to abide in the town wiiere ho belongs, 69. Crandall, Samuel, xxx. 197 INDEX. Cranfton, John, Gov. of Rhode Ifland, 28, 115; made an M.D. by the Leg- iflature of Rhode-Illand, 29; Samuel, Gov. of do., 29. Crojfman, xxii. Cudworth, Capt. James, 16, 47. Cufhen [Culliing], xxviii. Cufhing, 105 ; John, 3. Cufhman, A. S., xlii. CulTinet [afterwards Dartmouth], 109. Cuthbert, William, xxxiv. Cuttler, Dr., 142. D. Danforth, Rev. Samuel. 85. Dartmouth deftrojed, 45. Davenport, Capt. Nathaniel, 49. 53. David, 87. Davis, Judge, quoted, 15, 52, 127. Dean, G., 175; Martha, 3. Deane, Charles, xliii. ; Rev. Samuel, quoted, 24. Deerfield burned, 48. Delano, Jonathan, 114. De la Noje [Delano], Philip, 114. Defcendants of Col. Cliurch, xliv.- xlvii. Dexter, Franklin B. ; acknowledgment of aid from him, xiv. 113. Dodlbn, Jonathan, xxxi. Doged [Doggett], John, xvii. Dotej, widow, 135. Downing, Ann, 53; Emanuel, ibid. Drake, Samuel G., a former editor of this Hiftorv, xi, xii. ; quoted, 15, 20, 22, 98, 120, 126, 127, 131, 154, 174, 176. Dudley, Gov. Jofeph, xxxiii. Dyer, Maherflialalhafhbaz [from Ifa, 8: i], 114. 198 Eames, Mark, 14. Earl, Ralph, 45. Earle, William, xxiv. Eafton's Narrative, quoted, 17. Eaton, Daniel, xxx. EdiTiunds, Andrew, 47. Edfon, Jofeph, 124; Jofiah, /(^/rt'. ; Sam- uel, ibid. Eels, John, 45 ; Nathaniel, /?'/(/. ; Capt. Samuel, ibid. Eldridge, Daniel, 51 ; James, ibid. ; John, ibid.; Samuel, ibid.; Thomas, ibid. Eliot, John, the Apoftle, 8, 12, ct alibi. Elizabeth Iflands, 73. Enliftment, Indian manner of, 99. Fairhaven, 112, iiS. Fales, Sarah, xlvii. Fall River, xxix. xxx. xxxi. xxxii. xxxiii. 2, 19, 41,42, 48. Fallowell, John, 147. " Falls Fight," 65. Faft, Proclamation for a, 15. Felix, 106. Feffenden, G. M., acknowledgment of aid from him, xiii. ; quoted, 15, 25, 160. Field, John, 124. Filher, Rev. Abiel, quoted, 18. Fleming, , xlv. Fobes, Edward, 3, 113; John, 3, 113; Mary, xxxiv. ; William, xxviii. 113; Rev. Perez, a tradition mentioned by hiin doubted, 152. Fogland Point, 34, 36, 71, 77. Fofter, John, his almanac for 1676 quoted, 154. INDEX. Fowler, Rev. Orin, quoted, .\xxii. 42, 44. French, Richard, xx. Friend, Sir John, his execution, 151. Fuller, Edward, 26; Matthew, Captain and " Surjean-Generall," 14, 26, 40, 58; Noah, 166; Samuel, 26, 67. Gardner's Neck, in Mount-Hope Bay, 19, 159. Gardner, Capt. Jofeph, 49, ^;^ ; Thomas, 53- Gallop, Samuel, xlii. Gallup, Capt. John, 49, 53. Genealogy of the defcendants of Col. Church, xliv.-xlvii. George, 6, 75, 79, 80, 87. Gill, John, 20, 35. Golding, Capt. Roger, 38, 142, 144, 146. Gookin, Daniel, 20, 172. Gordon, John, 124. Gorham, Gorum, Capt. John, 49, 156. Gorton, Samuel, 13. Gould Illand, 38, Gould, Thomas, 38. Grave-ftone of Col. Church, xxxviii. Gray, Edward, xviii. xxiii. xxiv. xxix. 106. Green, Bartholomew, printer of the original edition of this work, viii. Green, Capt, 141. Grey, Thomas, xli. Gun that killed Philip, 147. GulTiee Pond, 131. H. Hammond, Elizabeth, 20; William, ibid. Harding, Jofeph. xxvii. Harris, 141 ; Ifaac. 124. Hatfield alTailed. 48. Hathaway, Arthur, xxiii. Haven, Samuel F., acknowledgment of aid from, xiii. 104. Havens, Jack, 91, 97. Hawes, Richard, 135. Hawkins, Dr., 142. Hayman, Sarah, xliv. Hayward, Haward, Capt., 124; Daniel, xxii. 3; Enfign, 124: John, 3, 124; Nathaniel, 124. Hazelton, Haftleton, Charles, 7. Head, Henry, xxxii. ; Mary, xxxiv. Hedge, Elizabeth, 114; William, ibid. Henchman, Capt. Daniel, iS, 41, 44, 47, 122. Herendean, Benjamin, 47; Mary, ibid. Hilliard, Jonathan, xxxvi. ; William, xxxii. Hinckley, Daniel, 85; Thomas, 78. Hog Illand, xxv. Holmes, Mary, 16. Hopkins, Damaris, 147; Stephen, 147. Howard, Matthew, xxviii. Howland, Ifaac, 132, 133; Jabez, 94, 95- 97. 139' 153. 161 ; John, 94; John B., 11; J. M., 113. Hubbard, Ifrael, xxxi. Hubbard, William, the hiftorian, quo- ted, pajfim. Huckens, Thomas, 15. Hull, Capt. John, 35. Hunter, Capt. John, 43. Hutchinfon, Thomas, quoted, 148. I. burv- Indian dance. 7, 99; drums, 24; ing-place, 160. Indians, order of court concerning, xxii. ; their hoftile dcfigns fufpedted, 199 INDEX. 5 ; the authorities flow to believe, 8 ; beginning of the war, 15 ; their bar- barities, 19; their mode of march- ing, 123; their call to each other, 158, 160; their currency [tvompom'], 172; reduced to flavery, 46, 181, 182; their entire difappearance from Sac- onet [Little Compton], 85; Indians are employed by Capt. Church, as auxiliaries, with happy results, in the latter weeks of the war, 87, 112, 120, 129-131, 139, 143, 145, 147, 157- 162, 175. Inventory of Col. Church's eftate, xxxviii. Irirti, Content, xxxv. ; John, xxiii. xxxv. 3 bis. I/acke, 12. J- yack Havens^ 91, 97. James, 86. Jeffery, 103. Jokam, 5. Johnfon, Capt. Ilaac, 43, 49, 53. Jones, William, 149. Joflen, Thomas, 133. K. Kent, Dorothy, 13. Keith, Rev. James, 127. Keekkamuit, fee Kikemuit River, 7, 23, 24, 25. Killed and wounded in the Swamp Fight, 53. Kingfley, Eldad, 18. Kingfton, 16. Lake, David, xxi. xxiv. 31, 32 ; Thomas, xxi. 32. Lakenham, 176. Lakeville, 13, 108; fee Sampfon's Tav- ern. Latham, Williams, acknowledgment of aid from, xiii, 125. Lawton, Thomas, i. Layton [Leighton], Thomas, 19. Leach, Samuel, 124. Lee, Rev. Mr., of Briftol, xxvii. Lenthal, Anna, 45 ; Rev. Robert, 45. Leverett, John, Gov, 178. Lightfoot, III, 118, 129, 157, 159. Lindall, Abigail, 66; James, 66; [he was oi Duxbury.^ Linkhorn [Lincoln.''] 141. Little Compton, xxxii. xxxiii. xxxiv. xxxv. xli. I, II, 73, 85; a church formed there, xxxiii. Little Eyes, 10, no, 118. Lothrop, Ifaac, 152 ; John, 147. Low, Anthony, 86 ; John, ibid. Lowell, 141. Lucas, Benoni, 135 ; John, ibid.; Mary, ibid.; Samuel, ibid.; Thomas, ibid.; William, ibid. M. Matnanuak, 4, 6. Manchefter, John, xlv. Marchant, Judge M., 52. Marfliall, Robert, 114; Capt. Samuel, 49» 53- Mafon, Capt. John, 49, 53. MaJJiifoit, XXV. 14; a great warrior, 174. Mattapoifett River, 96, 119. I N D E X. Mattapoifett Neck [now Gardner's Neck], in Svvanzej, 19, 159. Mather, Cotton, quoted, 137, 151, 152. Mather, Increafe, quoted, 64, 90, 106, 120, 125, 127, 137, 143, 148, 149, 151, 152. Maii/iias, 133. Merrick, William, 3. Mianiiinnoinok, 117. Middleborough, 13 ; fee Namafket. Miller, John, 47. Mitchel, Conftant, 113; Experience, 106, 113. Mohawks, Philip takes refuge with them, 64. Mohegans, allies of the colonifts, but unfaithful in the "Swamp Fight," 55- Momjiiynezi'it, William, 5. Momponfet, in Halifax, xxi. 103, 124. Montaup, or Mount Hope, 7. Morton, Ephraim, 14; Nathaniel, 15, 16. Moflej, Capt. Samuel, 18, 49, 58, 122. Mount Hope, 2, 7, 15, 144; called Brif- tol, xxiv. Mjles, Rev. John, minifler at Swan- zey, 16, 18. N. Namalket [Middleborough], 102, 106. Namtimfam, 4, 12. Narraganfett Indians fufpecfled, 48; their territory, ibid. ; a ftrong force fent againft them, 49; this force how proportioned, ibid. ; thefe Indians totally vanquillied, 53-58. Nathaniel, 157- Netops, meaning of the word, 64, 98. Newman, Rev. Noah, 47. Niles, Rev. Samuel, quoted, 19, 152. 26 2 Nipmuck countrv, its fuppofcd extent, 61. Nokehick, parched meal, 146. Nomquid. xxxi. 90. Northtield attacked, 48. Numpas, or Nompa/Ji, 12, 77. Numpouce, 5. Nunkatefl Pond, 131. O. Occape, occapeeches, Indian name for rum, Si. '' Ode Heroica," x. Oliver, Capt. James, 49, 53, 55, 59. Oliver, Peter, his malignity, 151. Order of court concerning Indians, xxii. Ofomehciv. 5. Oxenbridge, Rev. John, 35. Pabodie, William, xvii. xviii. xxi. xxiii. xxiv. XXV. xxvii. xxx. xli. 3, 4. Pachet Brook, 2, 4, 11. Packard, John, 124, bis. Pacujichcji, 5. Paine, Hannah, xlv. ; Nathaniel, xiii. II. Palfrey, John G., dedication to him, v. ; quoted. 17, 150, 154, 172, 173. Palmer, John, xxxi. PamontaquaJIi, 106. Panoquin, Wj. Parlbns, Ufher, quoted, 2, 19, 24. Pafcamanfet River, 109, 112. "Peafe-field Fight," 33-40, 82. Peck, Nathaniel. 86. Peckham. George H., xxxiv. : James, xxviii. Peirfe, James, 135. INDEX. Pequot, the word explained, 83. Perkins, Sir William, his execution, 151- Petana7tuet, 11, 77. Peter A-MaJJionks, xx. 6, 77, 87, 149. Peter Nunnuit^ 11, 77- Petonotvowet, 1 1 . Pettaquamlcut, 52. Petuxet River, 47. Philip, xix. xx. xxi. 5, 7, 9, et pajjiin ; his death, 147 ; treatment of his dead body, 150; his " royalties," or rega- lia, furrendered by Annawon to Capt. Church ; what became of them.? 173, 174. Pierce, Capt. Michael, 67, 70. Pinfon, Thomas, 4. Plymouth, orders of court, xxii. 2 ; the Court proclaim a faft, 15; Court order refpedling prifoners, loi. Plummer, Mary, 114. Pocaflet [Tiverton], xx. xxi. xxii. xxiii. xxiv. xli. II, 12, 41, 43, 47, 89, 140. Pokanokett, 15. Poneganfet, 45, 109. Pope, Thomas, 4. Poppafqualh Neck, in Briftol, xxv. xxx. 156, 158. Pqfoioquo. 5. Potock, 59. Pouwau, Powow, an Indian conjurer, 177. Powder-mill, firft in New England, 35. Pratt, Nathan, 166; Stillman, 125. Prentice, Capt. Thomas, 18, 20. 49. 52. Prellong, Nicolas, 4. Price, John, 4. Prince, Gov. Thomas. 6; dies, 10. Prince, Thomas, the annalift, quoted, 30- Proportion of men and money required from each town in Plj'mouth Colony, 68. Proprietors of Saconet, their names, 3; their agreement, 4. Providence burned, 72. Prudence Ifland, 155. Puiukain, 50, 61, 117. Punkateaft, Punkateefet, Punkatees, a neck in Tiverton, alfo called Pocaflet Neck, xviii. xix. xxi. xxiii. xxvii. xxxi. 3, 31, 34, 36, 82. Punkatees Fight, 33-40. Quaboag [Brookfield] deftroyed, 40. ^uannapo/tiit, yamcs, iS. ^uannapohiit, Thomas, 18. Qiiequechan River, now Fall River, 2, 42. ^ui)iitafi?i, ^U7i7iapi)i, 117, 127, 128. ^iiiqueqnanchett, I2. R. Rawfon. Rev. Grindal, 85. Rattlefnakes, 30. Reformado, Church was one; meaning of the term, 49. Revere, Paul, xi. xii. ; his portraits of Church, and of Philip, xi. Reyner, Rev. John, 112. Reynolds, Mary, xlvi. Rhode-Illand, why excluded from the Confederacy. 17. Richard, Eleazar, 153. Richards, Alice, i6. Richmond, Anna, xlvi. ; Benjamin, ibid. ; Charles, ibid. ; Elizabeth, ibid. ; Hannah, ibid. ; John, xxiii. 4. 77 : Mary, xlvi. bis. ; Perez, ibid.; Ruth, ibid. ; Sarah, ibid. ; Sylvefter, ibid.; Thomas, ibid.; William, ibid., bis. I N D E X. Robinfon. Rowland, xxvi. Rochefter, 13. Rogers, John, xviii. 3. Rolbotham. Alice, xlv. ; Benjamin, xlv ; Elizabeth, xxxvi. xlv. ; Hannah, xlv. ; Jofeph, xxxiii. xxxv. xlv. Roufe, John, xxvii. xxxiv. 3 bis. ; Si- mon, 3. Rowlandfon, Mrs. Mary, 117. RulTell, John, 45. S. Sabin, Sabine, Benjamin, 93; Jona- than, ibid. ; Jofeph, ibid. ; Samuel, ibid. ; Williain, ibid. Sachueefet, or Sachueft, on Rhode- Ifland, 89. Saconet, or Sauconet [Little Compton], xviii. xxi. xxii. xxiii. xxv. xxvii. xxxii. I, 2, 3. 4, 6, II, 73, 89. Saffin.John, xxv. Sam Barrovj, 134, 139. Samplbn, Abraham, 3 ; Elizabeth, xlii. xlv. ; John, xxxvi. xlii. xlv. ter. Samplbn's Tavern, now the Lakeville Houfe, 108. Sanderfon, Robert, 35. Sandy Point, 143. Sanford, John, 115; Major Peleg, xxi. 88, 115, 141, 142, 144, 146; Samuel, xxviii. Sajfamon, Sau/aman, John, 5, 6, 12, 106; reveals Philip's defigns, and is murdered by him, 12. Savage, Lieut. Perez, wounded, 23; again wounded in the " Swamp Fight," 23, 142 ; death, 23 : Thomas, Major, 23, 65. Schaghticoke, 64. Schoolcraft, Henry R., quoted, 99, 170- Sconticut Neck, 117. Seconit, or Sekonit; see Saconet. Seekonk burned. 72. Seely, Capt. Robert. 49. 53. Shaw, William, xxxv. Shavvomet [Warwick], 50. Sheffield, Amos, xxxv. Shepard, Rev. Thomas, quoted, xxvii. xxviii. Sherman's Almanac for 1676. quoted, 154- Sherman, Richard, of Portfmouth, R. L, acknowledgmentof aid from him, xiii. 71, 141, 143; William, 3, 22. Shirtlife, Shurtleff, William, 4. Shore, James, 149. Sibley, John Langdon, acknowledg- ment of aid from him, xiii. Simons, Thomas, 4. Sippican, xxi. 95. Slavery of Indians, 46, iSi, 182. Smalley, John, 3. Smith, Major Richard, 49. Sncll, Mary, xxxvi. ; Samuel, ibid. Sogkonate ; fee Saconet. Sohchaxvahham, 85. Southwick, Solomon, publilTier of the fecond edition of this trae't, ix. xliii. Southwoith, Alice, xvii. xliv. B. [.'], 35; Conftant, xvii. xviii. xxxiii. 3, 4? 25, 93, 156; Edward, xxxiv. 25, 35; Elizabeth, 113; Nathaniel, 35, 95; William, xxvii. 35. SoxvagoniJIi-, 117. Sowams [Warren], 7. Sprague, Francis, 45. Springfield attacked. 48. Squakeag [Northficld] affaulted. 48. Squannakonk Swamp, in Rchotiotli, 131, 161, 162, 166. Standilh, Miles, 16. 26. Stanton, John, 29. Staples, William R., acknowledgment of aid from him, xiii. 4^'' 7'- 203 I N D E X. Stiles, Rev. Ezra, quoted, ix. xxxvii. 13, 52, 60. Studfon [Stetfon], Robert, 15. Sturgis, Edward, 43. Succanoivajfacke 1 S'J. . Stichqua, 5. Sudbury Fight, 66. Sumei-fbury, 141. "Swamp Fight," Great, 53-58; its lo- cation, 52; the Indian fortdefcribed, ^T, ; number of killed and wounded, ibid. ; feven colonial captains killed, idid. ; Church, though not an officer, has command of thirty men, ibid.; he is wounded, 56 ; the Englifh, be- ing in pofieffion of the fort, fet fire to the wigwams in it, though Church remonftrates, 57, 58 ; fevere fuffer- ing of the wounded and dying men, 59; great lofs of the Indians, ibid. ; Church and other wounded men are fent to Rhode-Illand, 60; the troops remain in garrifon at Wickford, 61. Swanfey, 11, 13, 15, 16. T. Taber, George H., acknowledgment of aid from, xiii, 113. Taber, Jofeph, xxxi. Taller, Peter, xxviii. Takanumma, 129. Talcot, Major John, 122, 138. Tafacomuncak, 4. Tatainanucke., xxiii. Taunton, 16, 44; attacked, 105. Tautozen, 177. Tax laid on the feveral towns of Ply- mouth Colony, 68. Taylor, Peter, xxxvi. Taylor's Lane, 4. Thacher, Anthony, 94 ; Bethia, ibid. Thomas, Nathaniel, xxi. xxiii. xxiv. XXX. 4. Thompfon, Cephas, 128. Tibbets, Thomas, xxxvii. Tift, Jolbua, 55, 59. Timberlake, Hannah, xliv. Tinkham, Ephraim, 4. Tifpaquin, Tujpaquitie, xviii. xxi. 106, 134, 176, 177, 179. Titicut, XX. 123. Tiverton, xxxii. xxxiii. xxxiv. xli. 11, 14. Tobias, 107. Toby, 91. Tokkamona, 129. Tompkins, Henry M., acknowledgment of aid from, xiii. Tompkins, Samuel, xxxv. Tompfon, John, xvi. xviii. 106, 107. Toio/on, Tatofon, 134, 136, 139, 140. Tower Hill, in South Kingftown, 52. Treat, Major Robert, 49. Treaty Rock, in Little Compton, 77. Tripp, Abiel, his ferry, 27, 143. Trumbull, Dr. Benjamin, quoted, 148. Trumbull, J. Hammond, acknowledg- ment of aid from, xiv. ; quoted, 2, 7, 13, 19, 24, 42, 98, 156. Tubbs, William, 3. Turner, Thomas, xxxvi. ; Capt. Wil- liam, 65. Tufpaquin ; fee Tifpaquin. Tyajks, TiaJIiq, 120. U, V. Uncompozvett, Utikoj)ipoi>i, 126. Upham, Lieut. Phinehas, wounded, 142. Vaughan, Eliza, 132 ; George, ibid. Vicory, George, 3. 204 INDEX. W. Wade, Nicolas, 3. Wadfworth, Benjamin, 66 ; Chrifto- pher, ibid. ; Capt. Samuel, killed in the fight at Sudbury, ibid. Wakelj, Thomas, killed at Falmouth, 177. Wakeman, Helena, 139. Walker, James, 15. Wallev, John, xxv. xxvi. ; Rev. Thom- as, lOI. Wampoes, John, 176. Wamfiitta, xxv. 4, 12; fee Alexander. Ward, Richard, xxxvi. Warren, Elizabeth, xvi. ; Mercy, 114; Nathaniel. 114; Richard, xvi. 112.; Sarah, 112. Warren, town of, 13, 15. Warwick burned, 72. Walliburn, John, 3, 124; Samuel, 124; Thomas, ibid. Watts, Capt., 49. Watufpaquin, 106; fee Tifpaqtiin. Wayexvett, hufband of Azva^ionks, xxv. 6. Weetamoe, Weetainore, Squaw Sachem of Pocaffet, xix. 4, 12, 41, 42, 43. Wepoifet, 91. Wewayetvitt., 6 ; fee WayezvctL White, 142. Whitman, John, 124. Whitmore, Rev. Benjamin, 70. Wilbor, Aaron, xlv. bis. ; Abigail, xxxvi. ; Benjamin, xlv. ; Francis, ibid.; Gray, 76; John, xlv. bis.; Sarah, ibid.; Thomas, ibid.; Wil- liam, xxxvi. bis. xlv. Wilcox, Wilcockes, Daniel, xviii. xxxiii. 3> 77. 78. Willett, llczekiah, xxii. Williams, John, 145; Roger, 46, 156; Thomas, 3. Williams, Roger, quoted, 24, 4S, 55, 59, 146, 148, 172, 173, 177. Willis, Comfort, 124; John, ibid. Windmill Hill, 11. Windmills on Rhode-Ill and, 42. Winneconnet Pond, 131. Winflow, Gov. Jofiah, xvii. xx. 3, 10, 15' 49' 50, 61, 93, 100, io6, 141, 174; fends a force to Swanfcy, 15; his two commiffions to Capt. Church, 100, I So. Winllow, Kcnclm, brother to Jofiah, xvii. Winthrop, Gov. John, xvi. 156. Wifwall, 16. Witherell, Witherly. Sergeant, 142. Wodel [WoodhuU .?] Gcrlhom, xxxi ; William, xxviii. xxx. Wompom, the Indian currency, ex- plained, 172. Wood, Elizabeth, xxxvii. ; Hannah, xxxvi. ; Henry, xxxiv. 106 ; John, xli. Wood's Hole, xx. Woodberry, Hugh, xxxi. Woodbury, Samuel, xlv. Woodman, Edith, xliv. ; John, xxxiii. xliv. Woodworth, Benjamin, xxxi.; Walter, 4- Woonkepoiichuiit, 126. Woofamcqiiin. or Maffafoit, 164. Wootonckcnitjlw 117. 127. Wordcll, Mary. 78. Wright, Richard, xxiii. ^05 f 9 0?