POCKET ROAD MAPS (IN COVERS) Pn MAINE, Coast of, Eastern part . Maine, Coast of, Western part Maine, Moosehead and Aroostook Districts . Maine, Rangeley and Megantic Districts Maine, Rangeley Lake and Megantic Dist., very large Maine, Millnockett and Munsungan Lakes . Maine, Northern (for sportsmen and lumbermen) NEW HA/IPSHIRE, Central White Mount. Cyclists New Hampshire, Northern part, Cyclists New Hampshire, Southern part, Cyclists New Hampshire, (Crawford's White Mount.) New Hampshire, (Calvert's Lake Winnipesaukee New Hampshire, Sunapee Lake District New Hampshire, L. A. W. ... VERHONT, Northern part, Cyclists Vermont, Southern part, Cyclists Vermont, Woodstock and vicinity MASSACHUSETTS, Cycling Routes Berkshire Hills, Cyclists .... Boston District Road Book Map, Boston District Road Map, Cyclists Boston and the Country adjacent, large Brockton District Road Map, Cyclists . Cape Cod and vicinity ..... Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Atlas Plates, Nos. 1 to 27, each Middlesex County and the North Shore, Cyclists New Bedford and vicinity .... Norfolk County and the South Shore . The Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, Cyclists Worcester County, Cyclists .... Worcester District Road Map, Cyclists RHODE ISLAND, Cyclists Narragansett Bay and vicinity, Cyclists CONNECTICUf , Eastern part, with Index, Cycl Connecticut, Western part, with Index, Cyclists Connecticut ....... New Haven, County ..... NEW YORK to Albany (Hudson River District) Long Island, Cyclists ..... Albany District, Cyclists .... NEW JERSEY, North (N. Y. to Phila.) Cyclists New Jersey, South, Cyclists NEW ENGLAND, Cycling Routes . Nova Scotia and part of New Brunswick Cycling Routes PENNSYLVANIA, Philadelphia District, Cycl sts ICE .25 .25 .50 .25 .50 .00 .25 .50 .50 .50 .25 .25 .25 .00 .50 .50 .25 .25 .25 .35 .25 .00 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .50 .50 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .50 .25 These maps are for sale by your dealer, or will be sent by mail on receipt of price. Send for Descriptive Catalogue. GKO. H. VSTAIvKE^R «£& OO. Lithographers. Photo-Lithographers. Process Cuts. Maps and Plans Reproduced. Send for Estimates. 160 TREMOIMT STREET, BOSTON, MASS. OPP. BOSTON COMMON. Colonial Map of THE WORLD, Price 50 Cents. Geo. II. Walker & Co., Boston. FaNKUII, HAL,!,. Published by- GEO-flWALKER&Ga • 1 60 -TREMONT-ST- BOSTON- . GEQ.H. WALKER 3j Co. BOSTW. •QPPOSlTE^OSTOjfCQMM0N 1 CQPYBIQMT 1898 «V GCO.^.WAtKCR Sr CO. BOSTON. EAST BOSTON COMPANY. Chartered 1833. . 5" By the Commonwealth of Massachusetts: "To purchase, hold, and possess, in fee simple and otherwise, all or any part of that Island, situated in the city of Boston, known by the name of Noddle's Island (now East Boston) with all the flats around the same, and the privileges and appurtenances thereto appertaining, and all the rights, easements and watercourses therewith used and enjoyed, and shall also have power to sell and convey, lease, mortgage or otherwise dispose of said Corporate property, and to man- age and improve the same at its will and pleasure, with authority to construct dams, docks, wharves and buildings and to lay out streets and passage- ways within the limits of said Island, as it shall deem expedient." FOR SALE Land suitable for Docks, Wharves, Elevators, Warehouses, Manufacturing, and residential purposes. To replace lost co~y APPLY TO DEC 3- 1935 CHARLES E. ADAMS, 78 Devonshire Street, BOSTON, - - MASS. BOSTON. IN the year 1030. Gov. John Winthrop and his party, called the Massa- chusetts Company, arrived in several small vessels and settled in Salem and Charlestown ; but not liking the location, part of his company came to the peninsula called by the Indians, Shawmut, " The Place Where Boats Go," and by the English, " Trimountain," from the three prominent hills on the penin- sula. On the 7th of September (old style) at the court held at Charlestown Trimountain was ordered to be called Boston, in honor of Rev. John Cotton who came from the old town of Boston in Lincolnshiie, England. The original limits of Boston, which were really surrounded by water (the harbor on one side and the Charles River on the other) comprised about seven hundred acres of land. The tide ran up to where Dock Square now is and Charles River made a good sized bay (afterwards known as "Back Bay") also another bay at a few rods northwest of Hanover Street, leaving a narrow neck of land connecting the North End with the rest of the peninsula. The dwellings of the settlers were situated on Washington Street between State and Eliot Streets ; Elm Street ; upper part of Hanover Street, and north side of Sudbury Street. The settlers were in constant fear of the Indians who lived in the wilderness around the town. On the first day of September, 1634, a Town Government was organized for Boston, and from about this time to the year 1700 many harsh and cruel acts were done by the town authorities and a majority of the inhabi- tants. Persons were whipped, put in the stocks and banished for trivial offences; many were hung for witchcraft and for being Quakers ; and in 1659 two men were hung on Boston Common for being heretics. In 1686, Sir Edmund Andros was appointed by the King^Governor of the colony, and took away the charter; but in 1692 Gov. Phipps was appointed by the King, and arrived in Boston with a new charter. In 1703 the first newspaper was published in America by John Campbell, the postmaster of the~town. In 1711 The Old Town House, which was one of the first buildings erected, the first meeting house, and about one hundred other buildings were destroyed by lire. In 1722 Boston had a population of 10,670 and in 1742 had increased to 16,382. 5 6 GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. In 1770 began the troubles which ended with the American Revolution. On March 5 the British troops fired on the citizens in King (now State) Street. in which three were killed, two mortally wounded and others severely wounded. The whole British force were afterwards compelled to leave the town. Dec. 16, 1773, a party (afterwards known as the Boston Tea Party) disguised as Indians went from the Old South Church to three vessels lying at Griffins (now Liver- pool) wharf and emptied three hundred and forty-two chests of tea into the sea. June 1, 1771, by order of the British Government, the port of Boston was closed, and Salem near Boston, was made the port of customs, and a large force of British soldiers were again quartered in various parts of Boston. June 17, 1775, was fought the Battle of Bunker Hill, and Boston was filled with the wounded British soldiers. Gen. Howe was now in command of the British forces in Boston, and the Old South Church was used as a riding school for his cavalry. March 4, 1776, Gen. Washington in command of the Continental Army, beseiged Gen. Howe's army in Boston, and erected forts on the different heights commanding the town, and on March 17 Gen. Howe was compelled to evacuate the town and take refuge on his ships in the harbor, and with war vessels and transports sailed to Halifax, N. S., and Gen. Putnam, in the name of the Thirteen United States of America, took possession of Boston. On the 4th of July, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was passed by Congress and the news was received in Boston with great rejoicing; all signs of British rule were immediately removed and destroyed. Oct. 25, 1780, John Hancock of Boston, was chosen Governor. In 1789 Gen. Washington entered Boston over the "Neck" and passed through Washington Street, which had been named for him, to his quarters. In 1800 the population had increased to 24,937. In 1814 several thousand United States troops were quartered in Boston at the forts in the harbor, for defence against the British forces. In February, 1822, the Legislature passed an act estab- lishing the City of Boston, subject to the acceptance or refusal by a vote of the citizens. On March 4, 1822, the vote was taken in Faneuil Hall and the act was accepted by a vote of 2,797 yeas, 1,881 being nays, and Boston became a city May 1, with Hon. John Thillips as Mayor, and the City Council consisted of eight aldermen and forty-eight councilmen. In 1825 Boston contained 58,281 inhabitants. On Sunday, June 11, 1837, occurred the great Broad Street riot, between fire companies and Irishmen, in which at least fifteen thousand persons participated, and a large force of militia was called out to suppress the riot. May 16, 1846, war was declared between the United States and Mexico. July 22, 1848, the Massachusetts regiment, Col. Isaac II. Wright, returned from the Mex- ican war and met with a grand reception. October 25, 1848, was celebrated the introduction of Cochituate water into Boston. In 1856 Boston had a population of 138,788. In 1861 commenced the great rebellion, and at the capture of Fort GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 7 Sumpter by the rebel forces, President Lincoln issued his proclamation and called for volunteers from all the states to suppress the rebellion, when Boston took a very active part, sending to the war her full quota of men for the army and navy. On the 14th of July, 1863, at about 1 o'clock, commenced the great draft riot in Boston. A large mob took possession of the " North End " and de- fied the city and United States authorities. The City Government immediately prepared for the conflict ; the whole police force were armed, the regulars, ma- rines, and the whole state militia were called out and marched at once to the North End, The mob attacked the Cooper Street Armory, where the Light Artillery and a battalion of regulars were quartered. On the discharge of the cannon and the muskets of the regulars, fully fifty persons were killed or wounded in the mob. The city sent 26,175 men to the war for the Union. November 9-10, 1S72, a fire destroyed $75,000,000 worth of property. In 1637 the first addition of outlying territory that was made to Boston was Noddle's Island, " layd to Boston," and its name changed to East Boston. It remained unimproved and almost uninhabited until 1833, when it was pur- chased by a company of capitalists and improvements commenced. South Bos- ton, under the name of Dorchester Village, annexed to Boston, March 6, 1804; Washington Village, formerly part of Dorchester, annexed May 21, 1855; Rox- bury annexed January 6, 1868; Dorchester, January 3, 1870; Charlestown, West Roxbury and Brighton, January 5, 1874; Back Bay annexed April 25, 1859; Suffolk County incorporated May 10, 1643. The present area of Boston, with all its districts, is 23,661 acres. To the original 783 acres of the peninsula have been added East Boston, 836 acres; South Boston, 1,002 acres ; Roxbury, 2,700 acres ; Dorchester, 5,614 acres ; West Roxbury, 7,848 acres; Charlestown, 586 acres; Brighton, 2,277 acres; Breed's Island, 785 acres ; Deer Island, 184 acres. The city contained a population of 362,839 in 1880, 448,477 in 1890, and in 1899 has more than 500,000. Geo. H. Walker & Co., Boston. Ql^D STATE HOUSE- OLD BOSTON. Places of Historic Interest. The Old State House, at the head of State Street, is one of the most in- teresting relics of the provincial period of the city. There was situated the colonial market house, and from 1657 to 1711 a Town House, built of wood, and the Provincial Capitol, erected from funds bequeathed by Capt. Robert Keayne, the first commander of the " Artillery Company." The Town House was burned in 1711, and in 1713 the present building was erected. In 1747 a consid- erable part of the interior of the building was burnt. Here Endicott, Leverett, Bradstreet, Sir Edmund Andros, Sir William Phips, Eord Bellomont, Dudley, Burnet, Shirley, Pownal, Bernard and others presided over the proceedings for the government of the colony and province, by royal consent. Here John Adams, James Otis, Quincy, Warren, dishing, Hancock and numerous patriots made the first opposition to the royal authority. In 1768 a British regiment was quartered in the building, and in 1770 "The Boston Massacre" took place in front of the building. The British soldiers who fired upon the people were tried in the building. Here also Generals Gage, Howe and Clinton held their councils of war. From the balcony Washington reviewed the entry of the American army after the termination of the seige of Boston. On July 18, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was read from the east window, and the proc- lamation of peace in 1783. Here the State constitution was planned, and Han- cock, the first Governor elected by the people, was inaugurated. The Count D' Estaing and the officers of the French allied fleet were received. In 1789 Wash- ington reviewed a great procession from the west end of the building. The State Legislature met here until 1798, when the whole State government marched to the new State Capitol on Beacon Hill. In 1835 William Lloyd Garrison escaped from the mob by entering the building on one side and through to a carriage on the other side of the street. The first public library in America was located on this site, and the first Episcopal services in Boston were held here in 1686. From 1820 to 1830, the Grand Lodge of Masons of Massachusetts occupied the building and here Lafayette was entertained by the fraternity. From 18S0 to 1839 the city government of Boston occupied this building as a city hall. After that time the building was leased for offices for general business until 1881, when the ancient building was thoroughly repaired and placed as near as possible in the original order as when occupied in provincial times, and given in charge of the Bostonian Society, who have filled the building with rare paintings, prints and relics of old Boston in the colonial and provincial periods. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 11 State Street previous to the revolution, was King Street. In 1702 was proclaimed, in this street, the accession of Anne to be Queen of England. Oppo- site 28 State Street is the spot, marked by a circle in the pavement, where the citizens were killed and wounded by Captain Preston's soldiers, March 5, 1770. Down this street to the wharf, escorted by the U. S. Marshal and his thousand deputies, U. S. marines, regulars, and the entire state militia, one black man, in chains, was sent back to slavery. But in 1861-65 the Massachusetts Volun- teers marched up State Street on the way to the South, to help free the blackman. 28 State Street is the site of the Provincial Custom House, Royal Ex- change Tavern and U. S. Bank. 27 State Street is the site of the first church in Boston, built in 1632 of logs, with thatched roof. At the Southeast Corner of State and Washington Streets, Henry Knox, afterwards General and Secretary of War, was a bookseller's apprentice. The Town Pump stood at the northeast corner of Washington and State Streets. On the northwest corner was the first store for the sale of merchandise in Boston, kept by John Coggan. Captain Robert Keayne, the first commander of the Artillery Company known as the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, lived on the south- east corner of State and Washington Streets. Custom House on State and India Streets is a massive granite building erected in 1837-47 at a cost of $1,000,000. The roof and dome are of granite. The British Coffee House, site of 66 State Street, headquarters of the Tories and army and navy officers. In this house, James Otis, the patriot, was brutally attacked by one of the crown officers and so severely injured about the head that he never recovered from the effects of the blows, and after a long troublesome sickness was at Andover, Mass., when standing in the doorway of the house he was struck by lightning and instantly killed. His remains were brought to Boston and buried in the Granary Burying Ground. The Bunch of Grapes Tavern, Kilby Street, corner of State Street, 1713, was a famous headquarters for the patriots ; here assembled the " Sons of Liberty," Washington and staff were entertained here in 1776, Lafayette was also here, and the Society of the Cincinnati used to have their entertainments in the old tavern. Northeast Corner of Liberty Square and Kilby Street was the scene of the Stamp Act riots ; Oliver's effects thrown into the street. The Roebuck Tavern stood on the site of 45 Merchants Row ; built in 1650 by Richard Whittington. The Golden Bull Tavern stood on the site of 21 Merchants Row. The Crown Coffee House in 1710 stood on Chatham Row. Quaker Burying Ground was on Congress, opposite Lindall Street, estab- GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 13 lished in 1709. The remains were taken up and removed to the Quaker burying ground at Lynn in 1826. Post Office, Devonshire Street, between Water and Milk Streets. The corner stone of this beautiful granite building was laid Oct. 16, 1871. Besides the post office department, the United States sub treasury and the United States Court occupy the building. Faneuil Hall, Faneuil Hall Square, built in 1742 by Peter Faneuil, the wealthy Huguenot, and presented to Boston for a market and town hall. The architect was Smibert, the portrait painter. It was damaged by fire in 1761, but was rebuilt — partly by lottery funds. James Otis, the patriot, delivered the oration at the re-dedication. The vane on the cupola is a gilded grasshopper with glass eyes. Made in 1742. The building was enlarged in 1806 by the architect Bulfhich. The main hall has many portraits of prominent men. There in " The Cradle of Liberty " was denounced the British administration of the colonies. In 1768 the 14th Royal Regiment was quartered in the building, and in 1775-76 the British officers established a theatre. Receptions and ban- quets were given here to Washington, Count D'Estaing, Lafayette, Jerome Bonaparte, Prince de Joinville, King Louis Phillipe, Talleyrand, Lord Ashburton, Lord Elgin, Kossuth, Andrew Jackson, George B. McClellan; the lying in state of Anson Burlingame and Col. Fletcher Webster. A long line of illustrious orators have addressed the people from the rostrum — Otis, Channing, Webster, Jeffer- son Davis, Sumner, Garrison, Everett, Phillips, Evarts, Hillard, Beecher, N. P. Banks, Long, Reed and a host of other eminent men. The old building has undergone a thorough overhauling, and all of the interior woodwork has been removed from the floors, galleries, stairways, columns, and these including the roof and belfrey will be replaced by fire-proof material. But little now remains of the original interior construction of the building, and of the exterior only the bare brick walls. The Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, chartered as the "Artillery Company" in 1638, the oldest military corps in the United States, has had its armory for many years in the upper hall of Faneuil Hall. Among its commanders have been Sir Charles Hobly, Sir John Leverett, Winthrop, Winslow, Heath, Dearborn, Banks, Martin and Cowdin. Quincy Market, built 1825-26, is a two story, granit2 building, 535 feet long and covers 27,000 square feet of land. In the centre of the building is a large dome, and at each end are large porticos with massive granite pillars. The first floor and basement are devoted to the sale of meat, vegetables, fish, butter and cheese. Gov. John Leverett's house was where Sears Building now stands. In 1640 a large meeting house was erected on the site now occupied by the Rogers Building, 209 Washington Street. Sir Edmund Andros lived on the site numbered 216 Washington Street. Geo. H. Walker & Co., Boston. Old South Meeting-House. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 15 The Old Province House walls are now standing in the rear of the build- ings opposite the Transcript office. Old South Meeting House, corner of Washington and Milk Streets. On the site of this church, which was part of the garden of Gov. Winthrop, the Third Congregational Society built a small building of cedar for a church. In 1780 the present brick building was erected. Whitehead the celebrated divine often preached in this church. Otis, Warren, Hancock and other patriots ad- diessed the citizens from its pulpit in 1768, 1770, 1773, and here Warren, in March, 1775, delivered the oration on the Boston Massacre. In 1775 the pews were removed and the church was used for a riding school for the British dra- goons. In 1872 to 1875 the building was used as the post office. A committee of twenty-five women raised and paid $430,000, for the building and site to preserve it to posterity. The building has now a new roof; the old one found to be weak in many places was removed. The church is now used as a museum by the as- sociation, and a rare collection of relics relating to the history of early New England is displayed, and admission to the church and collection is secured for twenty-five cents. John Winthrop' s House was near the site of present 286 Washington Street. His house was torn down for fuel by the British garrison in 1775. The Spring in Spring Lane from Washington Street was the earliest spring mentioned by the first settlers, and was used by the townspeople for many gen- erations. Franklin's Birthplace was on the site of 19 Milk Street. The small, frame house was standing in the early part of this century. Gen. Howe's headquarters was on the corner of Milk and Oliver Streets. John Howard Payne lived on the corner of Chauncy and Federal Streets. Ralph Waldo Emerson was born on southeast corner of Summer and Chauncy Streets. Samuel Adams was born on Purchase Street, near Summer Street. Franklin Street, formerly Vincent's Lane, renamed in 1846, was named for Franklin, and a narrow park formerly occupied the centre of the street, the roadway being on both sides. In the centre of this ground, at its widest part, stood a large stone urn on a heavy base and pedestal, on which was inscribed a eulogy to Franklin. On both sides of the street were handsome mansions. In the centre of the block on the south side of the street was located the Boston Library, and at one time the Massachusetts Historical Society had rooms there. Under the building was a large arch over the roadway of Arch Street. On the eastern end of the same side of the street stood the Holy Cross Cathedral. Federal Street Theatre was on the north corner of Federal and Franklin Streets, built in 1794. This corner is now occupied by the well-known crockery dealers and importers, Jones, McDuffee and Stratton. Geo. H. Walker & Co., Boston. Chamber of Commerce. The Chamber of Commerce, India and Central Streets, was incorporated in 1885 and is the third organization of that name that has existed in Boston. The first organization was active in 1795, and Thomas Russell was president. The second body was formed in 1836, with William Sturgis as president, and the organization went out of existence in 1843. The present Chamber of Commerce was founded in 1885 by the consolidation of two corporate trade bodies, the Boston Commercial Exchange with three hundred members, and the Boston Produce Exchange with five hundred mem- bers. The building is constructed of Milford pink granite and is a massive structure. The corner stone was laid Sept. 20, 1*90 and the building was completed in January, 1892, the formal opening taking place Jan. 20 and 21, 1892. The third floor is occupied by the Chamber of Commerce with its Board Room, Secretary's Room, Committee Rooms, Reading Room, Parlors, etc. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 19 T Wharf was named for its shape and was a part of the Barricado. Commercial Wharf, terminal of the International Steamship Company steamers for Portland, Eastport and St. Johns, also the berth of the steamers from Boston to Provincetown. Lewis Wharf, 32 Atlantic Avenue, once the property of John Hancock. The terminal of the steamers for Yarmouth and Halifax, Nova Scotia, and for ports of Pictou and Prince Edward Island, also the Savannah Steamers. South Ferry to East Boston is the next on the water front. Union Wharf has the U. S. Bonded Warehouses. Lincoln's Wharf is the berth of the line of steamers to Bath and the Kennebec River. Battery Wharf, the North Ferry to East Boston, also the berth of the large steamers to Norfolk and Baltimore. The North Battery was built in 1646, to command the Charles River, and was a battery as late as 1775, when Lord Howe had 13 cannon mounted. Four British regiments embarked here for Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775. Constitution Wharf, the site of the yard in which was built the frigate " Constitution," 44 guns, in 1794-97. Captured many war vessels and merchant- men. The frigate Argus, 16 guns, and the Boston, 28 guns, built here. Chelsea Ferry, foot of Hanover Street. AspinwalVs Wharf above the ferry. Gray's Wharf belonged to the wealthy merchant, William Gray. Boston Herald, a morning, evening and Sunday paper, founded 1846; in- dependent in politics. Present building occupied 1878. The Daily Advertiser, oldest morning paper in Boston. Founded March 3, 1813. Republican. Evening Record, a one cent paper, published in same office with The Daily Advertiser. Founded 1884. Republican. Boston Journal, morning, evening and Sunday paper. A Republican paper founded 1833 under the name of the Evening Mercantile Journal ; name changed 1837. Daily Globe, morning evening and Sunday. Democratic. Boston Post, morning and Sunday. Founded 1831. Democratic. Boston Transcript, the oldest evening paper in Boston. Boston Traveller, the first two cent evening newspaper in Boston and the first to display news bulletins. Old Corner Book Store, corner of Washington and School Streets. Ann Hutchinson lived here in 1634. In 1828 a book store opened by T. N. Carter. Damrell & Upham, who now occupy the store, keep a line of first-class books. The present building from all that can be learned, may have been erected about the year 1712, by Mr. Thomas Crease, an apothecary, and in all proba- GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 21 bility was used as a dwelling house, with a small shop on the Cornhill ( Washington Street) side, from a very early period after it was built. Great interest has been expressed in regard to the preservation of this old specimen of the first reconstruction of the buildings of the ancient Cornhill, after the destruction of the old tenements and shops in 1711, and it is to be hoped that the old Brimmer Mansion will be allowed to remain for many years to come, standing in its present form with its quaint appearance and well-known designation, " The Old Corner Bookstore." 27 School Street. Dr. John Warren, brother of Gen. Warren, lived here. He was a surgeon in the Revolutionary army and had charge of the hospitals around Boston. Latin School, 1034, on School Street in rear of King's Chapel. In 1749 removed to opposite side of School Street. Cromwell's Head Tavern stood on site of 10 School Street, where Lieut. Col. George Washington was entertained during his visit in 1756. The French Huguenot Church stood on site 28 School Street and was oc- cupied by them from 1704 to 1748, and from 1788 to 1802 occupied by the con- gregation of the Church of the Holy Cross, the first Roman Catholic Society in New England, with 120 attendants. In 1774, John Murray, the apostle of Uni- versalism, was stoned by a mob while preaching from the Huguenot pulpit. City Hall, School Street, built 1862-05, on the site of old one, at a cost of $500,000. It is constructed of Concord granite and was considered, when fin- ished, to have ample accommodations for the city department for many years, but a large number of the departments are located in adjoining buildings. In front of the building is a fine statue of Franklin, erected in 1856, also the statue of Josiah Quincy, erected in 1879. He was a member of Congress, 1805-13; Mayor of Boston, 1823-28; President of Harvard College, 1829-45. King's Chapel Burying Ground, Tremont Street, was the first place for interments in Boston. It was first mentioned by Gov. Winthrop, Feb. 18, 1630. "Captain Welden, a hopeful young gent and an experienced soldier, died in Charlestown of consumption and was buried at Boston with a military funeral." The remains of the following persons were deposited in this ground : Gov. John Winthrop, 1649, and his two sons, John Winthrop, 1676, and Fitz John Win- throp, 1707, both governors of Connecticut; Gov. John Endicott, 1665; Gov. John Leverett, 1679; Gov. William Shirley, 1771; Gov. John Winslow, 1674; Mary Chilton, 1679, a passenger in the Mayflower and the wife of Gov. Winslow; Lady Andros, 1688; Jacob Sheafe, 1658; Major Thomas Savage, 1682; Capt. Roger Clap, 1690 ; Rev. John Cotton, 1652; Rev. John Davenport, 1670; Rev. John Oxenbridge, 1674; Rev. Thomas Bridge, 1715; Thomas Bridge, 1713; Prof. John Winthrop, 1776; Wait Still Winthrop, 1717; Adam Winthrop, 1743; Brig. Gen. John Winslow, Revolutionary army ; Col. William Dawes, who rode 22 GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. over the Neck to Lexington and Concord to alarm the patriots the night before the battle at Lexington; Oliver Wendell, 1818; Judge Thomas Dawes, 1825; Lieut. Gov. William Phillips, 1827 ; Lieut. Gov. Thomas Lindall Winthrop, 1841 ; James Lloyd, 1831 ; Charles Bulfinch, 1844. Many years ago the ground was sur- rounded by a brick wall. King's Chapel, corner of School and Tremont Streets, built of wood in 1688, rebuilt of stone in 1749-54, is a massive building, the walls constructed of Quincy granite. The portico was built in 1789 from funds partly raised by an oratorio in the chapel, at which General Washington attended "attired in a black velvet suit, and gave five guineas." The organ was purchased in England in 1756. The chapel has marble busts of its former pastors Freeman, Green- wood, Peabody and Foote, and mural monuments of Apthorp, Appleton, Lowell, Oliver Wendell Holmes and Joseph May ; a marble tablet in memory of General Stevenson, Col. Revere and twelve other members of the parish, who died in the army in 1861-65. In 1688, Sir Edmund Andros seized a part of the burying ground to erect the chapel. In 1710 it was enlarged. Under the chapel are a number of tombs in which are interred a large number of remains of former members of the society. The Bellingham=Faneuil Estate was opposite the north end of the Chapel Burial Ground. Here dwelt Bellingham in 1635-41, 1654 and 1666-72, and Peter Faneuil in a stone mansion. v The Old Court House, Court Square, was built in 1833-36, on the site of the prison where Capt. Kidd, the pirate, was confined in 1690, before he was sent to London and executed. In 1851 and 1854 the Sims and Burns riots occurred. Phillips, Higginson, Parker and other anti-slavery leaders with their sympathi- zers, tried to rescue the negroes from the court house. Young's Hotel, off Washington Street, in rear of Rogers Building, oppo- site State Street ; built in 1845 on site of Taft's Coffee House, (Cornhill). In 1882 the hotel was greatly enlarged to Court Street. Parker House on School Street, corner of Tremont Street, established in 1855 by Harvey D. Parker, and was the first European plan hotel in America. The Boston Museum, on Tremont Street near Court Street, for years was known as the most popular resort for families in Boston. The collection of statuary, paintings, stuffed birds and animals, with an endless variety of curiosi- ties has been removed, and the building is now used as a theatre. The Cotton=Vane Mansion formerly stood back of the site of the stores south of Pemberton Square on the west side of Tremont Street. It was the house of the Rev. John Cotton. Sir Harry Vane dwelt here in 1635-37 and was beheaded in London in 1662. In 1684-1729 Chief Justice Samuel Sewall lived here, and in 1790 the property was occupied by Patrick Jeffrey, uncle of Lord Jeffrey. In the rear of this estate, up the hill, was John Endicott's house. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 23 The New Suffolk County Court House, in Pemberton Square, is a very large granite building erected in 1887-94 at a cost of $3,828,000. Besides the Supreme, Superior and Municipal Courts, both Civil and Criminal Sessions, the Registry of Deeds and the Registry of Probate with Probate Courts for Suffolk County are located in the building. Brattle Square Church, built of wood on the corner of Brattle Square and Brattle Street, 1699. Rebuilt of brick 1772. Given a bell by John Hancock Sept. 17, 1774. Torn down 1871. Two regiments of British soldiers were quartered here, and the backs of the pews were scarred by the bayonets of the soldiers. A cannon ball fired by the American battery at Cambridge struck the church, and was to be seen in the wall until the church was demolished. Buckminster, Everett and Palfrey preached here. West corner of Court and Hanover Streets was the site of the Orange Tree Inn, built in 1700. Gen. Joseph Warren lived on the site of the American House on Han- over Street ; house built 1764. On the east corner of Hanover and Court Streets stood Concert Hall ; built prior to 1679. On the corner of Tremont and Court Streets stood the Royal Custom House, 1759; afterwards a dwelling, where Washington lodged, 1789, and Daniel Webster had an office. Col. John Trumbull lived on Court Street between Brattle Street and Cornhill; afterwards occupied by Copley the artist. Revere Mouse, Bowdoin Square. Built 1847. For a long time the leading hotel in Boston. President Grant, the Prince of Wales, the Emperor Don Pedro, King Kalakaua, Grand Duke Alexis and Jenny Lind have been guests. Quincy House, Brattle Street. A large building erected on the site of the old Quaker Meeting House built of brick, 24 by 20 feet in dimensions, in 1697. In old stage times before the steam railroads were built, a famous tavern for travellers. American House, 56 Hanover Street, opened in 1835 ; rebuilt 1851 on site of Gen. Warren's house. Quaker Church, built in 1697, Brattle Street. Site where Quincy House stands. Rebuilt on Quaker Lane 1709 (Congress Street). City Tavern, on Brattle Street, adjoining the Brattle Square Church. A famous hotel in old stage times. Adams Statue, Adams Square, erected in 1880. Bronze figure, costume of the Revolution. In memory of Samuel Adams. John Winthrop Statue was erected in 1880 of bronze by R. S. Greenough. It is a duplicate of that standing in the Capitol at Washington. Geo. II. Walker & Co., Boston CHRIST CHURCH. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 25 The old tavern, Hancock House, in Corn Court, from Merchants Row. Talleyrand and Louis Phillipe lived here, Washington, Franklin and Lord Leigh were entertained here. Nos. 31 and 33 Dock Square was the Sun Tavern 1690. Th9 " Tea Party " Indians were dressed and equipped here. Ebenezer Hancock's house, assistant paymaster general of the Conti- nental army ; house on Marshall Street. Now Atwood's. Green Dragon Tavern, 80-86 Union Street. Patriots' headquarters, where Adams, Hancock, Warren and Revere met. Boston Stone, Marshall Street, near Hanover Street. A large round stone in the wall, marked " Boston Stone, 1737, " originally a paint mill. It has been a well-known landmark for one hundred and fifty years. New North Church, north corner of Hanover and Clark Streets, 1714; new brick house completed in 1804. House on Hanover Street, just north of Clark Street; the building was erected in 1677 by Increase Mather, who dwelt there till 1723 and his son Cotton Mather with him. Afterwards Andrew and John Eliot, father and son, ministers of the New North Church, dwelt here for nearly half a century. Northwest corner of North and Richmond Streets, Royal Custom House 1681. Previous to that date the Red Lion Inn. The British Troops' Rendezvous in North Square, the night before the battle of Lexington and Concord. Nos. 19 and 21 North Square, Paul Revere lived here 1770; house built 1677. Paul Revere's foundry was on the corner of Foster and Commercial Streets. Second Church, built in Clark Square of wood 1649 ; burnt Nov. 27, 1676; rebuilt of wood 1677 ; used for fuel by British soldiers. No. 23 Unity Street, built 1712, British Barracks, 1774-75. Salem Street, corner of Charter, stood Gov. Sir Wm. Phipps's house. 16 Hull Street, the Galloupe house, built 1724, General Gage's head-quar- ters June 17, 1775, while the battle of Bunker Hill was in progress. The Eliot School was founded in 1713, by the father of Gov. Hutchinson, North Bennet Street. Corner of Salem and North Bennet Streets, the Noah Lincoln house, 1716. Sir Charles Franckland's house was on the corner of Garden Court and Prince Streets. Thomas Hutchinson's house was on Garden Court Street. Prince Street, corner of Lafayette Street, house built prior to 1750; used as a hospital by the British 1775-76. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 27 West corner of Prince and Margaret Streets lived Master Tileston, schoolmaster, for 80 years. 130 Prince Street, Major Fitcairn said to have died here of wounds re- ceived at Bunker Hill. Christ Church, Salem Street, is the oldest church building in Boston and was erected in 1723. Built of brick and has a tall spire. In the church is a marble bust of George Washington by Houdon. The organ was placed in the building in 1752. The clock was made in 1749. The silver communion service bears the royal arms, some of the pieces bear the^date of 1733. The tower con- tains a chime of eight bells, cast in Gloucester, England. From this tower were hung the lanterns to warn Faul Revere and the patriots that the British troops were to march to Lexington and Concord. Under the church is the crypt, with thirty-three tombs ; in one of these the body of Major Pitcairn, who was wounded at Bunker Hill and died soon after, was buried previous to its removal to West- minster Abbey. Baldwin Place Church, built of wood and dedicated in 1746. New brick church dedicated Jan. 11, 1811. Lot sold Feb. 12, 1865. Copps Hill Burying Ground, at the North end, was the second ground established in Boston and was opened for burials in 1660. The Colonial Wind- mill on the highest part of the hill was removed before that date. The British built a redoubt on the north side of the hill in 1775, from which Charlestown was bombarded on the 17th of June, 1775. The hill was named from William Copp, who lived there at first settlement. Here were buried Rev. Increase Mather, Rev. wSamuel Mather, Rev. Andrew Eliot, Chief Justice Parker, Capt. Thomas Lake, 1676, Capt Daniel Malcolm, 1769, one of the " Sons of Liberty," Major Samuel Shaw, Capt. Amos Lincoln, Major Nathaniel Heath, Major Ed- ward Carnes, Judge Advocate General Thomas Edwards and many other officers and soldiers of the Revolutionary army. Robert Newman, who hung out the lanterns at Christ Church as a signal to Paul Revere that the British troops would cross the water to march to Lexington is also buried here. St. Mary's Church, Endicott Street, built in 1877, is a large church with two towers each one hundred and seventy feet high. Built by the Jesuits at a cost of $200,000. The Union Station, Causeway Street, built in 1894, with large train house covering twenty-three tracks, and occupied by the Eastern, Boston & Maine, Lowell and Fitchburg Railroads. From this depot depart six hun- dred trains daily for all points north, northeast and northwest of Boston. The large, handsome, central building, constructed of brick and granite, has the large waiting-room, ticket office, etc. Howard Athenaeum. Founded 1845, and once the leading theatre of the city. It is now a variety theatre. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 29 Suffolk County Jail, Charles Street, opposite the river. Built 1851 and cost $450,000. Hotel Rexford, corner Bovvdoin and Bulfinch Streets and Bulfinch Place ; one of the largest hotels in the city and is fireproof. The walls are of white enamelled brick, with large bay windows extending from the second floor to the roof, on the entire front elevations. Has three hundred and fifty rooms ; built with all modern conveniences in 1887. In close proximity to the wholesale and retail shopping districts, Post Office, City Hall, theatres, halls, State House, libraries, parks and electric roads, and between the great Northern and Southern railroad stations. Part of the building stands on the site of the home, for forty years, of the celebrated actor William Warren. Massachusetts General Hospital established 1799 on McLean Street. The granite building was designed by Bulfinch. It is the oldest but one of the hospitals in the country and one of the best organized in the world, with a staff of the most eminent physicians and surgeons. Dr. W. T. G. Morton's discovery of the use of ether in surgery was first introduced to the world at this hospital, the first operation being performed by Dr. John C. Warren, assisted by Dr. Morton. Beacon Hill. At first settlement of the town three sharp peaks, — Cotton Hill, site of Pemberton Square, Sentry Hill, on the East Park of the State House and Copley's Hill near Louisburg Square, — these three hills gave the first name " Trimountain " to Boston. The State House on Beacon Hill occupies the site of John Hancock's cow pasture, which the town bought and gave to the state. The corner stone was drawn by fifteen white horses representing the number of states of the Union, in 1795, to its place, and it was laid by Paul Revere and the masonic fraternity, with an oration by Gov. Samuel Adams. The building was designed by Bulfinch and cost $133,333 and was completed in 1798. In 1895 an attempt was made to have the building torn down and rebuilt on a larger scale ; but the majority decided to have the old building thoroughly repaired and made partially fireproof, at the same time restoring the original arrangements of the interior as far as possible. Hancock, John Adams, J. Q. Adams, Samuel Adams, Wendell Phillips, Sumner, Long, Winthrop, Webster, Andrew, Banks, Story, Choate, Gerry, Parsons, Cushing, Fisher Ames and other illustrious citizens have been heard in these halls. Receptions were given here to President's Munroe, Jack- son, Polk, Tyler, Fillmore, Grant, Johnson, Buchanan, Hayes, and McKinley, Seward, Van Buren, Kit Carson, David Crockett, Kossuth, Lafayette, the Prince of Wales, and the Grand Duke Alexis. Sumner and Wilson were laid in state in Doric Hall. Of the original Representatives who occupied this building ninty-one had been soldiers in the Revolutionary army. The new extension built in 1890-95 cost $5,000,000 and is four times the size of the old building. 30 GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. The state library has 100,000 books and many rare maps and pamphlets. The Archives on the fourth floor of the new extension, are priceless in value, con- sisting of original papers from the first settlement of the colony, with Provincial and Revolutionary war papers now arranged in large volumes in most systematic manner, with card index. Memorial Hall contains two hundred and seventy- four flags of the Massachusetts regiments and batteries in the war for the Union, relics from Lexington and Bennington, Chantrey's statue of Washington, statues of Gov. Andrew and General Devens, portraits and historic relics. In front of the old part of the building, a statue of Daniel Webster was erected in 1860 and on the other side stands the statue of Horace Mann, paid for by the school children and dedicated 1869. The Beacon stood from 1634 to 1789 on Sentry Hill, which then rose eighty feet above the level of the present East Park. A stone and brick monu- ment was completed June 18, 1791 with stone tablets on the base. The monu- ment was removed and the base dug away in 1811, and the stone tablets were placed in Doric Hall on the wall, Feb. 21, 1861. A tall granite column sur- mounted with a large bronze eagle was built in the centre of the park in 1898, and the original stone tablets taken from the old monument were taken from Doric Hall and fastened to the base of the new monument. Boston University, vSomerset near Beacon Street founded 1869. The de- partments are : a College of Liberal Arts, Somerset Street ; College of Music, College of Agriculture, Amherst, Mass. ; School of Theology, Mt. Vernon Street ; School of Law, Ashburton Place ; School of Medicine, East Concord Street ; School of all Sciences, Somerset Street. New England Historical Genealogical Society, 18 Somerset St. Founded 1844. Has a library of 25,000 volumes, 100,000 pamphlets, portraits, prints and relics ; about 1,000 members. Boston Athenaeum, 10£ Beacon Street. A large massive building of sand- stone, erected in 1847-49 by a private literary society founded in 1805. The library contains about 200,000 volumes in history, biography and a high class of literature. A large number of works of art, statuary, paintings and busts adorn the halls. In the trustees' room are many rare books and Gen. Washington's library bought in 1848. Woman's Clubhouse, erected on the site of Nos. 13 and 15 Beacon Street 1899; a ten story, fireproof building, the walls constructed of brick, stone and marble. The Womans' Clubhouse Corporation owns the property. On the street floor are two stores and a hall with a seating capacity of three hundred. The second story contains reception and lecture halls. The third story has suites of rooms adapted for the various womans' clubs. The top story has a banquet hall, restaurant and kitchen. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 31 Congregational House on Beacon near Park Street, built 1898, contains the Congregational Library of 30,000 volumes. The Congregational Publishing Society and salesroom of The Congregationalist and other offices are in the building. 25 Beacon Street was Gov. Bowdoin's mansion and Gen. Burgoyne's head- quarters. Hancock's house, which stood on the site of 20 and 30 Beacon Street, was erected in 1737. Washington, Lafayette, D'Estaing and many other notables were entertained here by Gov. Hancock. In 1863 this historic relic was torn down. Somerset Club, 42 Beacon Street, large double stone mansion. A famous club composed of gentlemen from the leading families of Boston and vicinity. The Copley House, formerly on the site of the club house, was the home of John Singleton Copley, the great portrait painter. He painted three hundred and thirty portraits in Boston, and left the city in 1774 and never returned. In the old house was born in 1772, Copley's son, who became Lord Chancellor of England and senior peer of England and died in 1863. Prescott, the historian, lived from 1845 to 1854 in the house 55 Beacon Street, where he died. Wendell Phillips's birthplace was at the corner of Walnut and Beacon Streets. His father was the first mayor of Boston. Afterwards Lieut. Gov., T. L. Winthrop, father of R. C. Winthrop, dwelt in the house. John Lothrop Motley's house was No. 7 Walnut Street. Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, corner of Charles and Fruit Streets, founded in 1824 for the poor only, who receive free the ser- vices of eminent oculists and aurists. In 1896 the Legislature appropriated $100,000 to be expended for a new hospital. The new building is of fireproof construction, the exterior walls brick and sandstone, the floors of concrete upon expanded metal. The building is four stories in height and fronts on the Charles River. The First African Church, Mount Vernon and Charles Streets. Founded in 1836, and in 1877 bought this building. Has a large membership. Methodist. Lynde Street Church, corner of Lynde and Cambridge Streets; wood frame raised Sept. 7, 1736. Used for barracks for British troops, October, 1775. New brick church corner stone laid April 4, 1806. Here was the first Sunday school in a church, Sept. 7, 1812. Now used as a branch library in connection with the Public Library. Rev. William Blackstone was the first settler of Boston and came in 1626, locating near Louisburg Square. Through his influence Winthrop 's colony came to Boston, and he sold them the peninsula for ^30. In 1634, dissatisfied with the settlers, he moved to the Blackstone Valley, near Providence, where he died in 1675. r i H. Walker & Co., Boston. PARK STREET CHURCH. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 33 Park Street Church, corner of Park and Tremont Streets, dedicated May 1, 1800; a prominent landmark. The basement was formerly a crypt and had about thirty-five tombs. The remains were removed to other burying grounds and the tombs removed some years ago. Later the basement was used as a schoolroom and it is now occupied by the W. B. Clark Co., where may be found a complete line of books, stationary, etc. Park Street was laid out across the Common and first called Sentry Street, and the side now occupied by buildings was then the site of the granary, the almshouse for the aged and poor, the workhouse for idle persons, and the bride- well for the disorderly and insane. These buildings were removed about 1805. The house on the corner of Park and Beacon Streets was built in 1804. Here Lafayette lived for a week in 1824 as the guest of the city. Granary Burying Ground, Tremont Street, was the third ground in Boston, and was established in 1660. It received its name from the public granary that stood on the south side of the ground. Here were buried the re- mains of Gov. Richard Bellingham, Gov. William Dummer, Gov. John Hancock, Gov. Samuel Adams, Gov. James Bowdoin, Gov. Increase Sumner, Gov. James Sullivan, Lieut. Gov. Thomas Cushing, Hon. James Otis, the foremost patriot of the Revolution, Peter Faneuil, Chief Justice Samuel Sewall, Robert Treat Paine, Paul Revere, Josiah Franklin and wife, parents of Benjamin Franklin ; the vic- tims of the Boston Massacre, 1770, the Rev. John Baily, Rev. Samuel Willard, Rev. Jeremy Belknap, Rev. John Lothrop, John Phillips, first Mayor of Boston, and many other distinguished citizens and patriots. A few of the officers of the Revolution buried here were Col. John Armstrong, John Hurd, Jr., Capt. John Armstrong, Major Samuel W. Armstrong, Major Robert Williams, Capt. Nicholas Gardner, Lieut. Jabez Smith of the marines, and Surgeon David Town- send, John Hull, mint master, 1652, Edward Rawson, Secretary of the Colony, and Josiah Willard, Secretary of the Province. Tremont House stood on site of Tremont Building. Built 1829 on site of old Belknap and Perkins mansions ; was one of the best granite front buildings erected in Boston. Jenny Lind, Dickens, Clay, Jackson and the Prince of Wales have been entertained here. Horticultural Hall, corner of Bromfield and Tremont Streets, is a granite building with two halls, library and offices for the use of the society. The Mass- achusetts Horticultural Society was founded in 1829, Gen. H. A. S. Dearborn being the first president. The society formerly occupied a small granite build- ing (formerly the Boston Latin School building) on School Street. The present building was dedicated 1865. Tremont Temple, 76 to 86 Tremont Street, near School Street; the Church of the Union Temple Baptist Society. It is the third building erected on the site of the old Tremont Theatre building. ^^niTnTfi^ -i i ■ mm ■ ■ ■ 13 i !: LSI- -Jl JH i* Js :B HI SB HI HI Hs I 1' .-• » . • • I fa 3; ' « • ■ 1 ^■iHI'lK iMml G lllllll Geo. II. Walker & Co., Boston. TREMONT TEMPLE. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 35 Bromfield Street M. E. Church, corner stone laid April 15, 1806. Bromfield House, Bromfield Street, formerly Rawson's Lane, was named for Edward Bromfield, 1796. This house was a famous tavern from the early part of this century to 1860. In 1813 this tavern was known by the name of "The Indian Queen." Music Hall, Winter Street, built 1852, has seats for 2,600 people. Con- certs and oratorios are given here. The society, presided over by Theodore Parker many years ago, formerly held services in the hall. Bellevue Hotel, Nos. 19, 21 and 23 Beacon Street, built 1899, of lime- stone and gray brick, with ornate balconies. The first floor has hotel offices, cafe, banquet hall, public and private dining rooms. Above will be ten stories devoted entirely to the hotel sleeping rooms. In the basement are kitchens, laundry, billiard rooms, etc. The Common was laid out before 1640 as a training field and for the feed- ing of cattle, and after that time no more land was granted from the Common. Here stood the granary, almshouse, gunhouse, whipping post and pillory, as early as 1659 used as a place for executing criminals, Quakers, Indians, prison- ers of war, those convicted of arson, and for robbery, as late as 1797. Tremont Street mall planted in 1728, 1734 and 1785; Beacon Street mall, in 1826; Boyls- ton Street mall, in 1836; wood fence built from 1731 to 1787; wood fence built all around, 1795 ; iron fence complete all around, 1836. In 1775-76 the Common was a fortified camp with batteries and 1,700 British soldiers. In 1745 the forces for the attack on Louisburg were mustered here. In 1759 the army of Lord Amherst encamped here previous to their march to Canada. Rocham- beau's army were assembled here and Washington's army were also paraded and quartered on the Common after the seige of Boston. From the first settlement of the town all important celebrations, parades and festivities were on the Com- mon. The celebration of the introduction of water into Boston, reception and parade in honor of the Prince of Wales, parades and musters of the train bands and militia, Fourth of July celebrations, assembling of the volunteer regiments for the war 1861-65, return of the regiments and batteries. On the large hill stands the Army and Navy Monument, erected by the city 1871-77, to commem- orate the services of Boston soldiers and sailors in the war of the Rebellion, at a cost of $75,000. Crispus Attucks Monument standing near the Tremont Street mall, was erected by an appropriation from the Legislature in 1888. The monu- ment commemorates the victims of the tragedy on State Street, known as the Boston Massacre. The Shaw Monument, near the corner of Park and Beacon Streets, opposite the State House, commemorates brave Colonel Shaw and his faithful regiment, the 54th Massachusetts, colored troops. The colonel and a large number of the men were slain in the assault on Fort Wagner, S. C. Near the eastern end of the Frog Pond stood the famous Old Elm until 1876, when it GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 37 was blown down by a severe wind. The Frog Pond in 1846 was like most ponds, with a mud bottom. Soon after a granite curb was built, a fountain placed near its eastern end and the bottom paved. The heavy iron fence has been removed from Tremont Street and Boylston Street malls, and the gates and gate posts removed from Park Street, West Street and Park Square entrances. The Common contains about forty-eight acres of land. The Brewer Fountain near the Park Street mall was presented to the city by Gardner Brewer. It is constructed of bronze and was designed by Lienard of Paris. Central Burying Ground, on Boston Common, was the fourth in Boston and was established in 1756. The tombs in this ground were built by the wealthy inhabitants of Boston and were erected on four sides. A large number of these tombs on the south part of the ground were covered over in 1846, when the Boylston Street mall was made. At that time a portion of the contents of the tombs were removed to the two rows of granite tombs facing the western mall, and the remaining tombs were covered. On the construction of the sub- way these remaining tombs and contents were removed and the remains were buried in a large grave in the northwestern portion of the ground. In the western central portion of the ground a large number of Roman Catholics have been buried, and in the other sections Revolutionary soldiers and strangers. Probably the first Chinaman buried in America was buried in this ground the first of this century. Capt. James Bancroft, Lieut. Marston Watson, Lieut. Thomas Blake and many other officers and soldiers were buried here. Gilbert Stuart, the celebrated artist who was born in 1755, was buried in a tomb in 1828. Apollo Club, founded in 1871 by a few leading singers in church choirs in Boston. There are about eighty active members and five hundred associate members. Its concerts are generally given in Music Hall. Samuel Adams lived on the south side of Winter Street, corner of Winter Place, from 1784 to Oct. 2, 1803. St. Paul's Church, Tremont Street, near Winter Street; built 1819-20. Daniel Webster attended this church and the remains of Wm. H. Prescott were laid in one of the numerous tombs in the cyrpt under the church. Masonic Temple, corner of Tremont and Boylston Streets ; built 1898-99 on the site of the Masonic Temple, dedicated 1867 and destroyed by fire 1895, occupying the site of a Masonic building destroyed by fire in 1864. The new building has a massive stone front, steel frame and is of fireproof construction. The building contains three large halls, Corinthian, Egyptian and Gothic, with numerous rooms devoted to the use of the Masonic Fraternity. Touraine Hotel, corner of Boylston and Tremont Streets ; built in 1897. A large massive building of light sandstone, and is one of the best constructed buildings in the city. Built on the site of the home of John Quincy Adams. President McKinley was entertained here in 1899. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 39 Young Men's Christian Union, 18 Boylston Street. Founded in 1851. Has a large handsome building of stone. Has about 5,000 members. Has a fine library, reading room, gymnasium and several fine halls. Boston Theatre, 539 Washington Street, opened 1854, one of the largest in the world; will seat 3,000 persons. Booth, Forrest, Fechter, Salvini, Ristori, Jefferson, Barrett, Sothern, Irving and Terry have played before appreciative audiences here ; also the state balls to the Prince of Wales and the Grand Duke Alexis, and the grand fair of the Sanitary Commission was held here in 1864. Park Theatre, 619 Washington Street ; built in 1870. Seats 1,000 people. Keith's Theatre, 547 Washington Street and 163 Tremont Street; built in 1893-94. Cost $600,000. Globe Theatre, successor of Sylwyn's Theatre; built 1867. Name changed to Globe 1871. The building was destroyed by fire on Memorial Day, 1873. The building was rebuilt in 1874 by Arthur Cheney, and was burned the second time in 1804. The Hotel Savoy now occupies this site. Lamb Tavern, Washington Street, was where Adams House now stands, 1746. White Horse Tavern was a few rods south of the Lamb Tavern, 1724. Boylston Library, 18 Boylston Place, incorporated 1704 ; 30,000 books. A private library with about 100 shareholders. Boston Medical Library, 10 Boylston Place. Has a fine library of 30,000 books. Boylston Market, built In 1810, stood on the south corner of Washington and Boylston Streets. The building was designed by Bulfinch. John Quincy Adams was one of its founders and made an address at the laying of the corner stone. In 1887 the building was taken down. The lower floor was a market and the halls and rooms were occupied as armories for the militia and Boston School Regiment. Liberty Tree, planted in 1646 and famous from 1766 to 1775, stood on the site of the building on the south corner of Washington and Essex Streets. Here the " Sons of Liberty " rallied, but the British troops destroyed the tree in 1775. On the front of the building is a large sandstone block, with repre- sentation of the tree and an inscription. Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin lived on Harrison Avenue, between Beach and Essex Streets. Gilbert Stuart, the artist, lived on the site of 59 Essex Street. President John Quincy Adams lived at southeast corner of Boylston and Tremont Streets. Hon. Charles Francis Adams was born there. United States Hotel, Peach and Kingston Streets. Built 1826; the long wings on Lincoln and Kingston Streets were added about twenty years later. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 41 Covers two acres of ground and has 500 chambers. One of the most popular hotels. The Terminal Station, Junction of Summer and Federal Streets and Atlantic Avenue. Erected 1897-98. Dedicated Dec. 30, 1898. The first train was run on Sunday Jan. 1, 1899. First train through the subway loop March 9, 1899. The largest railroad station in the world. Built of stone, steel and brick. Total area of land thirty-five acres; total area of land covered by buildings thirteen acres ; length of main station eight hundred and fifty feet ; width of main station seven hundred and twenty-five feet; length of train shed six hundred and two feet; width five hundred and seventy feet. Thirty-two tracks enter the station, twenty-eight on the main floor and four tracks in the subway loop ; length of tracks under the roof four miles ; total number of trains seven hundred and ten daily. The building was erected by the Boston Terminal Com- pany, composed of the Boston & Albany Railroad Company, the New England Railroad Company, Boston & Providence Railroad Corporation, Old Colony Railroad Company and the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Com- pany. Back Bay District is that part of Boston that was formerly a bay from the Charles river, and was filled about thirty-five years ago with gravel brought from the hills of Dedham. This made land is bounded by Beacon, Arlington and Tremont Streets, and the old Roxbury line. The Public Garden is a beautiful park of twenty -three acres, south of the Common. Many years ago the whole area of the garden was water, and part of the Back Bay, which also flowed what is now the parade ground on the Common. In 1862 the city graded the ground and laid out the garden. A good-sized pond, with an ornamental bridge thrown across the centre, with the grounds laid out with walks and a beautiful variety of choice trees and shrubs, make a fine land- scape. In the spring and fall flowering plants and bulbs are planted. The equestrian statue of Washington is a fine work of art, and was designed by Ball. It cost $42,000, and was paid for by citizens of Massachusetts in 1859-69. The Ether Monument on the garden near Arlington Street, was given to the city by Thomas Lee in 1868. It commemorates the discovery by Dr. Mor- ton that the inhalation of ether causes insensibility from pain. Everett Statue, near Beacon Street, designed by W. W. Story, and was cast in Munich, 1866. Charles Sumner Statue, near Boylston Street, designed by Ball, erected '~ 1878 and cost $15,000. The Subway extends from the Boylston Street mall on the Public Gar- den, to the Union Station, via a continuous tunnel, and the Garden mall, the Boylston Street mall and Tremont Street mall on the Common, Tremont Street, to the site of the old Boston and Maine depot, Haymarket Square. Another GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 43 branch, from the junction of Pleasant and Tremont Streets and Shawmut Ave- nue, under Tremont Street to the junction of Tremont and Boylston Streets, where the tunnel connects with the main tunnel. A double track is laid in the subway the whole distance, with convenient stations along the route. The sub- way was completed in 1898 at a cost of over $5,000,000. Arlington Street Church, corner of Arlington and Boylston Streets, built and dedicated 1861. The edifice is constructed of brownstone, with a lofty spire. The tower has a beautiful chime of bells. The society was founded in 1729 as a Presbyterian Church, and worshiped in a barn until 1744, when they built a church on Federal Street, which stood until 1859. William Ellery Chan- ning was pastor in 1803-42, and during this time the society became Unitarian. Gannett, Ware and Hereford have since been pastors. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boylston Street near Claren- don Street, incorporated 1861. Two large buildings are built upon land given by the state, partly endowed by the state, and it is now the greatest scientific in- stitute in America, if not in the world. More than 1,600 students, from every state in the Union, and students from foreign countries, attend. Boston Art Club adjoins the new Old South Church, founded 1854, build- ing erected 1882. Club rooms and large picture gallery for exhibitions. It has a valuable art library. Harvard Medical School, corner of Boylston and Exeter Streets, founded 1783. It is a large, fireproof building, built of brick, erected in 1883 at a cost of $250,000, and has a large museum, halls and rooms adapted for one hundred in- structors and over six hundred students. Commonwealth Avenue, the finest avenue in America, is two hundred and forty feet wide, from house to house, most costly residences built of brown- stone, or brick, in solid blocks. The avenue extends from the Public Garden through Chestnut Hill, Brookline, Newton to Auburndale, having two roadways with a continuous mall with grass borders and shade trees. Hamilton Statue of granite, Ur. Rimmer, sculptor, given to the city by Thomas Lee in 1865. Glover Statue, also on the mall, a heroic work in bronze, by Milmore, given to the city by B. T. Reed, 1875. He commanded the 14th Massa- chusetts regiment and was with Washington at Long Island, Valley Forge and Trenton. William Lloyd Garriron Statue, of bronze, 1886. Leif Ericsson Statue, near the entrance of Back Bay Park, on the mall of Commonwealth Avenue. Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, instituted 1823, chartered 1852. For men and women. Present building erected in 1886. The Shepard Library was the gift of Dr. S. A. B. Shepard. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 45 Benevolent Fraternity of Churches, founded 1834 by delegates from the Unitarian Church Societies in Boston, to develop the work of the ministry. Incorporated 1839. Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics Association, instituted 1795 at the " Green Dragon Tavern," as the Associated Mechanics and Manufacturers of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Incorporated under its present title, 1806. The first building of the association, on Bedford Street, cost $120,000 for land and building. Dedicated 1860. Its building on Huntington Avenue has three halls. Paul Revere was its first president and served four years. The as- sociation has eight hundred members. New South Church, Summer and Bedford Streets, dedicated January 8, 1715. New building completed and dedicated December 28, 1814, removed and site sold for stores, May, 1868. New church, Newbury and Berkeley Streets, corner stone laid October 17, 1865. Lowell Lectures, free to the public, are given in Huntington Hall, Massa- chusetts Institute of Technology every season. Endowed in 1839 with $237,000 by John Lowell, Jr., a wealthy Bostonian, who died at Bombay, India. Brunswick (Hotel), Boylston and Clarendon Streets, six stories high, built of brick and sandstone, and cost $1,000,000. Vendome (Hotel), Commonwealth Avenue and Dartmouth Street. A large marble building, has four hundred and fifty rooms, six dining halls, and every modern convenience. Cost $1,000,000. Central Church, corner Berkeley and Newbury Streets, built 1867 of Rox- bury stone. The spire is of stone, two hundred and thirty-six feet high. Church founded 1835 and worshipped in a large, granite front church on Winter Street from 1841. South Congregational Church, Newbury and Exeter Streets. Building erected 1883-84 for the old Hollis Street Society founded in 1730. The South Congregational Society organized in 1828, and in 1887 moved from their church on Union Park Street (which was sold for a Jewish Synagogue) to this building, and united with the Hollis Street Society at that time. Horace Mann School, a stone building east of the South Congregational Church ; founded in 1869 for deaf and dumb children, and is a branch of the public school system. First Baptist Church, Commonwealth Avenue and Clarendon Streets, founded in Charlestown in 1665 ; built on Salem and Stillman Streets, 1679, and again in 1771 ; on Hanover and Union Streets in 1820; on Somerset Street in 1855. The present church building, built 1872 at a cost of $284,000 for the Brattle Square Unitarian Society founded 1699, dissolved 1876. Bought in 1881 by several persons, and in 1882 was sold for $100,000 to the Baptist society who afterwards erected a chapel at a cost of $50,000. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 47 Trinity Church, Copley Square, the finest ecclesiastical building in New England, completed 1877. The walls are built of reddish-yellow Dedham granite and brownstone. The tower is two hundred and eleven feet high and forty-six feet square inside, with a pyramidal roof of red akron tiles. The triple-arched porch on the front was built in 1894-97. Among Trinity's rectors were Bishop Parker, Doane, Hopkins, Wainwright, Eastburn, Clark and Phil- lips Brooks. This society formerly occupied the granite church building de- stroyed by fire in 1872 on Summer Street. New Old South Church, Dartmouth Street and Copley Square. Built 1872-75 of Roxbury stone. The great bell tower is 248 feet high. Cost $600,- 000. The leading Congregational church in New England. Adjoining the church on Boylston Street is the chapel and parsonage. This society formerly occupied the Old South Church. The Second Church, Copley Square. The society dates from 1649 and their church was on North Square until 1775; Hanover Street from 1779 to 1849; Freeman Place 1850 to 1854; Bedford Street from 1854 to 1872; Copley Square since 1874. Among the pastors have been Increase Cotton and Samuel Mather, Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1829-32, Chandler Robbins, 1833-74, and Robert Laird Collier. Unitarian. Chauncy Hall School, Copley Square adjoining the Second Church. Founded 1828 ; erected 1873. This school has been discontinued and is now used by the city of Boston for a Girl's Latin School building. The Boston Museum of Fine Arts, south side of Copley Square ; built of brick, stone and terra cotta. Founded in 1870, and received its land as a gift from the city. Has one of the finest collections of works of art in the world. The First Church, Berkeley and Marlboro Streets. A beautiful Gothic building ; erected in 1868 at a cost of $325,000, The society was organized in Charlestown in 1630 by Winthrop and others ; its first house (1632-40) mud- walled and thatched, on site of 27 State Street; its second (1640-1711) and third (1713-1808) on site of 209 Washington Street, and fourth on Chauncy Place, near Summer Street, 1808 to 1868. Colton, Wilson, Foxcroft, Chauncy, Frothingham and Ellis were pastors. Public Library, Copley Square. Founded 1852 ; is the largest library in America, and has over 550,000 volumes and 350,000 pamphlets. Erected in 1888-95 at a cost of $2,650,000. Most of the land was given by the state. The building is built of pinkish-gray granite. The building is two hundred and twenty-five feet long, two hundred and twenty-seven feet deep and seventy feet high. Joshua Bates, a native of Boston, but long a resident of London, England, gave $100,000 for the purchase of books, and since that time many generous individuals have given their large private libraries, and donated large sums of money for the use of the library. The city makes a large GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 49 annual appropriation for the support of the library. The old school building on Mason Street was the first building used for the library, and in 1858 a large new building was completed on Boylston Street at a cost of $365,000. The beautiful halls contain, beside the large number of books, many rare works of art, statues of bronze and marble, oil paintings, marble busts and many valuable historic relics of the city St. Botolph Club No. 2 Newbury Street; founded 1880. A club for artists, authors and professional men. Emmanuel Church, founded 1860, Newbury Street. Gothic architecture, built of Roxbury pudding stone in 1861-62. The Young Men's Christian Association, founded 1851 ; the oldest in the United States. The association owns and occupies a large brick and brown- stone building, corner Boylston and Berkeley Streets ; erected in 1883 at a cost of $300,000. The Museum of Natural History. Founded 1831. The building was built at the corner of Boylston and Berkeley Streets on land given by the state 1864. Has a library of 20,000 volumes. Algonquin Club, 217 Commonwealth Avenue. Founded 1885; building built 1888, at a cost of $300,000 University Club, 270 Beacon Street. Founded 1892. Hotel Tuileries, Commonwealth Avenue. A large six story building, built in 1896. The front is of stone, and the interior is constructed of the best material and costly furniture. Massachusetts Normal Art School. Building built 1886 by the state ; opposite the new Old South Church ; is a school to educate drawing teachers for the public schools. The school was established in 1873 and has now reached a high degree of proficiency through the liberal annual appropriation of the states, enabling the Board of Education to procure the best talent for in- structors. There is a large museum connected with the school. Mechanics Arts High School, Dalton and Belvedere Streets ; erected in 1892-93 at a cost of $230,000 ; 300 pupils. Church of the Messiah, St. Paul and Gainsborough Streets : founded in 1843 at the South End. John Boyle O'Reilly's Monument, at Boylston Street and the Fens; a granite monolith, fifteen feet high and seven feet wide, bearing a Celtic cross, a bust of the poet and three heroic bronze figures. The Boston Athletic Association. Founded 1888; Exeter Street, corner of Blagden Street. This association occupies a large brick and stone structure, equipped as a first-class gymnasium, with facilities for swimming, bowling ( tennis, racquet, handball, fencing, etc., and has more than 2,000 members on the rolls. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 51 New Music Hall. Plans have been completed for the new building to be erected at the corner of Massachusetts and Huntington Avenues. The material to be used will be brick and stone. The main entrance on Huntington Avenue has an Ionic portico, with eight stone pillars. The main hall rises higher than the rest of the building, with a pediment at the top. At either corner of the front section is a pavilion which runs into a wing extending the length of the building. Overlooking these wings in the main hall, are clere windows. On the Massachusetts Avenue side is a vestibule which makes a straight line through and across the hall interior. The building will have a frontage of one hundred and fifty feet on Huntington Avenue and will extend one hundred feet on Massachusetts Avenue. The total seating capacity of the New Music Hall will be 2,630, two hundred and thirty-three more than the old hall. The floor capac- ity will be 1,511, the first balcony six hundred and eight, second balcony five hundred and eleven. The hall has an interior length of one hundred and forty feet and a width of seventy-five feet. The main ticket office will be on the Massachusetts Avenue side. The building will cost about $500,000. Massachusetts Historical Society, Boylston Street opposite the Fenway, founded 1791. Building of fireproof construction, three stories, cut sandstone first story, and fireproof brick on two upper stories. The building contains a main hall, small halls, library and cabinet rooms, and offices. On the shelves are '35,000 volumes and 75,000 pamphlets, besides manuscripts and relics of great interest. Forty-five volumes of collections have been published by the society. American Academy of Arts and Sciences, founded in 1780, now lo- cated in Massachusetts Historical Society building. Franklin, Bowden, Quincy, Hancock, Bowditch, John Adams and Samuel Adams were early members. Its transactions are published in large quartos. Has a large library. Harvard Bridge, connecting Massachusetts Avenue, in Boston, with the same avenue in Cambridge, is a superb structure built across the Charles River a few years ago. Electric cars are constantly crossing the bridge between the two cities. The view from the bridge in all directions is very extensive. First Corps of Cadets, organized 1741, armory 130 Columbus Avenue. A massive stone building with a tower 140x55 feet. Acted as body guard for the provincial governors, and annually the same duty for the governor of the state. Served in the Rhode Island campaigns of 1778 and the Dorr Rebellion, and in 1861 garrisoned defences in the harbor. In 1898 again called out to man defences along the coast during the Cuban war. John Hancock was one of its early commanders. In the tower is the large library founded by John C. Ropes for the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts. Geo. II. Walker & Co., Boston. Armory First Corps of Cadets. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 53 The Emancipation Group, Park Square, is a duplicate of the Freedman's Memorial in Washington, made of bronze and represents Lincoln with a freed negro kneeling at his feet. Cost $17,000. Boston Dispensary on Bennett Street, founded 1796. Columbia Theatre, 978 Washington Street, corner of Motte Street, opened 1891. Built partly within the walls of the brick church, formerly a Uni- tarian Church, and later purchased by the Roman Catholics for a Pro-cathedral, and occupied by them while the cathedral was building. Wells' Memorial Working Men's Institute, 087 Washington Street. A memorial to Rev. E. M. P. Wells, the city missionary. Church of the Holy Trinity, Shawmut Avenue, built of stone. A Roman Catholic church controlled by members of the Jesuit order. Mollis Street Church, Mollis Street, built of wood, completed April, 1731; wood house burnt November 12, 1787, rebuilt of wood, 1793 ; rebuilt of brick, completed May 31, 1811. The church building and site was sold and the church edifice was reconstructed and is now a theatre. The pastors of the old church were Mather Byles, the Tory ; John Pierpont, Thomas Starr King and Henry B. Carpenter. Wendell Phillips lived and died in a house on the north side of Common Street near Tremont Street. Children's Mission to the Children of the Destitute, 227 Tremont Street, and the Young Women's Christian Association, 00 Warrenton Street, are two of the best institutions in the city. Odd Fellows Hall, Tremont, corner of Berkeley Streets ; a large granite building for the use of the fraternity ; built in 1871-72. Berkeley Temple, Berkeley Street and Warren Avenue. Built in 1862 by the Congregational Society ; founded on Pine Street in 1827. Young Women's Christian Association, 40 Berkeley Street. A large brick building, with hall, gymnasium and library. Fortifications were erected on the " Neck," just above Dover Street, and a military force, was in garrison there in 1631 as a defence against Indians. Afterwards an embrasured brick parapet with two gates was erected. In 1710 a heavy work of stone, brick and earth, with large gates was erected. The 59th British Regiment was stationed here and ten pieces of artillery were mounted, afterwards increased to twenty-three guns. The main line of the British troops was farther up the neck between Dedham and Canton Streets, armed with twenty-eight guns, moats, drawbridge, and supported with floating batteries. Frequent artillery duels took place between this battery and the American artillery at Roxbury. The gallows was first erected on the Neck near Dedham Street. After- wards removed to where James Street is located. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 55 Castle Square Theatre, 421 Tremont Street; opened 1894. Fireproof; seats 1,700 people ; cost $1,500,000. Parker Memorial Hall, Berkeley and Appleton Streets ; commemorates Theodore Parker the liberal reformer. Paine Memorial Hall, erected by freethinkers in memory of Thomas Clarendon Street Baptist Church, near Tremont Street. Founded on Federal Street, 1827. , . St. Stephen's Church, Florence Street ; occupied by an Episcopal Society. The church building was erected in 1848, and occupied by the parish of the Messiah until sold in 1892. . Church of the Disciples, Warren Avenue; erected 1869. Founded in 1841 as a Unitarian Society; Samuel Joseph May, Gov. John A. Andrew and Julia Ward Howe, members. James Freeman Clarke pastor from 1841 to 1S88. Union Church, corner Columbus Avenue and West Newton Street. A Congregational Society founded in Essex Street in 1822. Nehemiah Adams was pastor for forty-four years. Home for Little Wanderers, on West Newton Street; formerly at the North End. First Presbyterian Church, corner of Columbus Avenue and Isabella Street and the French Catholic Church of Notre Dame des Victoires be- hind it. The People's Temple, a Methodist Church, corner of Columbus Avenue and Berkeley Street ; seats 3,000 persons. The Second Universalis! Church, Columbus Avenue, corner of Claren- don Street; has a tall stone spire. Founded on School Street in 1816, and built here 1871-72. Warren Avenue Baptist Church, corner of West Canton Street; built 1865. Founded 1743 at Baldwin Place, North End. English High School, Montgomery Street; founded in 1821. Occupies the eastern part of an immense building ; erected in 1877-81, at a cost of $750,000. Latin School occupies the western half of the building. Founded in 163o. A large number of prominent citizens of Boston graduated from this school. Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Washington Street, corner Maiden Street. Dedicated May 2, 1875. The largest church in New England; built of stone in 1867-75. The dimensions are three hundred and sixty-four by one hundred and seventy feet. The chapel of the Blessed Sacrament has the altar from the Frank- lin Street Cathedral. In the rear of the cathedral is the archbishop's residence. South Burying Ground, on Washington Street, South End, was estab- tablished in 1810, and completed in 1837. The ground was originally surrounded on four sides by granite front tombs, with a dozen or more in the centre plots, 56 GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. the single graves being in ranges. All of the tombs on the north side and part of the east side were removed some years ago, and fully one-third of the ground, with the remains, sold by the city of Boston to the proprietors of the St. James Hotel, and afterwards to the New England Conservatory of Music. Langham Hotel, Washington Street, occupies the whole block from Wor- cester to Springfield Streets ; marble front. Massachusetts Homoeopathic Hospital, Stoughton Street ; the largest in America. Founded 1876. City Hospital, Harrison Avenue, opposite Worcester Square. Main hos- pital building erected 1804-65 at a cost of $600,000. Has now twenty-eight buildings erected at a cost of over $3,000,000, and covers an area of fourteen acres of land. New England Conservatory of Music, East Newton Street, established 1867. In 1882 the property was purchased from the owners of St. James Hotel and occupied by all departments of music, with one hundred instructors and 2,000 pupils. Boston College, Harrison Avenue, near Newton Street, founded 1860, as a Jesuit school. Church of the Immaculate Conception. A Jesuit Church built 1857- 61 of white granite. Home for Destitute Catholic Children, opposite the college, is under the charge of Sisters of Charity. The Shawmut Avenue Church, corner Tremont and Brookline Streets. The society founded 1845, and present building erected 1864. The Church of the Unity, West Newton Street. Built 1861. Sold 1898. Qirls' High and Normal Schools, West Newton Street. A large brick building occupied by 1,300 pupils. Tremont Street Methodist Church, corner West Concord and Tremont Streets. Constructed of Roxbury stone, of Gothic architecture, designed by Hammatt Billings, the celebrated artist, in 1862. Chickering Piano Manufactory, occupies the block on Tremont Street, between Northampton and Camden Streets, one of the largest buildings in the country, and was built by Jonas Chickering, the pioneer piano manufacturer in the United States. During the war of the Rebellion, one wing of the building was used as a manufactory for making rifles for the government. Hollis Street Theatre, built in part within the walls of the Hollis Street Church. The entrenched camp of the American Army, during the seige of Boston, was a few feet south of where the Washington Market stands. Near East Dedham Street was the building used as a mint to coin the Massachusetts cents and half cents authorized by the Legislature. The copper GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 0? was rolled in sheets at Dedham and brought to the mint at Dedham Street to be coined. George Tavern in 1720 stood on the northwest corner of Washington and Northampton Streets. The advance post of the American forces was George's Tavern. Ferries between Boston and opposite shores. Chelsea Ferry (foot of Hanover Street) to foot of Winnisimmet Street, Chelsea. East Boston, North Ferry (foot of Battery Street). East Boston, South Ferry (foot of Eastern Avenue). Boston & Revere Beach Railroad Ferry, 350 Atlantic Avenue, to terminal of the railroad in East Boston. Bridges : Dover Street to South Boston ; Broadway to South Boston ; Federal Street to South Boston ; Washington Avenue to South Boston ; Summer Street to South Boston ; Congress Street to South Boston. Charles River (new) to Charlestown ; Warren to Charlestown. Craigie to Cambridge ; West Boston to Cambridge ; Harvard to Cambridge ; Essex Street to Cambridge; Cambridge Street, Brighton, to Cambridge; Western Avenue, Brighton, to Cambridge; Harvard Street, Brighton, to Cambridge; Arse- nal Street, Brighton, to Watertown; North Beacon Street, Brighton, to Water- town. Neponset Avenue, Dorchester, to Quincy ; Granite Street, Dorchester, to Milton ; Central Avenue, Dorchester, to Milton ; Dorchester Avenue, Dorchester, to Milton ; Blue Hill Avenue, Dorchester, to Milton. TOPOGRAPHY OF EARLY BOSTON. On approaching the land from Long Wharf, high water mark was reached at what is now the corner of Merchant Row on one side of State Street and Kilby Street on the other. The northerly site of the cove ran above Faneuil Hall and across here to North Street, and followed that street to its junction with Com- mercial Street. West of State Street a little cove ran in about where Congress Street is, and reached to the corner of Franklin Street. It thus cut off direct approach to Fort Hill, which rose to the southeast. The water line at Fort Hill, on the south, was substantially the same as to- day. Broad Street, from Batterymarch to Federal Street, being substantially the boundary. A sharp turn was made at the junction of Federal and East Streets, and the South Cove stretched west to Washington Street near Essex Boston. The solid black represents the part which has been filled. A large portion of what is now the principal business district was originally covered by water and was connected with the mainland by a very narrow neck. The Cambridge side of Charles River has also been filled quite exten- sively. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 59 Street and north of Beach Street. The South Cove ran parallel with Washing- ion Street within one hundred and fifty feet of the street, up to Dover Street, ind beyond. Crossing Washington Street at Dover Street, Back Bay swept up to a little K>uth of Pleasant Street, nearly to the large hill on the Common, taking in all of .he parade ground from the burying ground to Beacon Street. At Beacon Hill, Tremont, Court and Cambridge Streets were at its base, md high water line crossing Cambridge Street and Anderson Street. A penin- sula stretching towards the northwest ran across to Brighton Street, with Mill Zove on the east. Here the land extended below Leverett Street and reached nearly to Hanover Street. The water crossed Gouch and Pitts Streets, and Sud- mry Street between Bowker and Portland Streets. At where Blackstone Street iow is, a canal connected the Mill Pond with the Town Dock, (where the Quincy Market now stands), making the North End an island. ROXBURY. Settled in 1630, incorporated as a town but a few days after Boston, and annexed to Boston, January 6, 1868. Here lived John Eliot, the first missionary to the Indians and translater of the Bible into the Indian language. Major Gen. William Heath, one of Washington's generals, resided on his farm near Centre Street. Brig. Gen. John Greaton, a famous officer of the Continental line, died in the cottage on east side of Norfolk House. Col. Joseph Williams lived near the site of the " High Fort." He was a distinguished officer of the French and Indian war. William Pynchon, the founder of Springfield, Mass., was one of the early settlers of Roxbury. The Roxbury High Fort, one hundred and fifty-eight feet above tide level, is bet veen Beach Street, Glen and Fort Avenues, and was the strongest work constructed by the American army during the seige of Boston, and received a heavy fire from the British batteries on the Common and the Neck, during the battle of Bunker Hill. On the construction of the standpipe for the high ser- vice of Water Works, the original earthworks were leveled. By the efforts of patriotic citizens of Roxbury the work was reconstructed on the original lines by the city. Roxbury Latin School, one of the oldest and most famous in the country, was established in 1645, only nine years after Harvard College. John Eliot and Gov. Thomas Dudley were among its founders, and its early teachers were Judge William Cushing. Gen. Joseph Warren, Gov. Increase Sumner, and Bishop 60 GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. Samuel Parker. The original name of the school was " The Grammar School in the easterly part of the town of Roxbury." First Parish Church Society occupies the church building erected in 1804. The building is on the site of all the buildings erected by this society since it was founded, and is the oldest in Boston, except the First Church Society in Boston. Greyhound Tavern, Washington Street, nearly opposite Warren Street, opened in 1645. Headquarters for mustering troops in Roxbury for the old French war, and conspicuous in the Revolution. Washington was entertained here. Eustis Street Burying Ground, corner of Washington and Eustis Streets, Roxbury. This is the oldest ground in Roxbury and was established in 1632, Here were buried Rev. John Eliot, 1690, the apostle to the Indians, his col- league, Rev. Samuel Danforth, and their successors ; pastors of the First Parish Church in Roxbury: Rev. Thomas Walter, 1725 ; Rev. Nehemiah Walter, 1750; Rev. Oliver Peabody, 1752; Rev. Amos Adams, 1775; and Rev. Elipha- let Porter, 1833; Gov. Thomas Dudley, 1653; Gov. Joseph Dudley, 1720; Chief Justice Paul Dudley, 1752; Col. Wm. Dudley, 1743; Capt. John Weld, 1645: Capt. John May (master of the ship " James," 1630 to 1640) 1670; the father and mother of Maj. Gen. Joseph Warren; Robert Calef, who was instrumental in stopping the witchcraft delusion, 1719; Benjamin Thompson, schoolmaster and physician, 1714; Col. Joseph Williams, French and Indian wars; Brig. Gen. John Greaton of the Continental line, and a large number of officers and soldiers of the early Indian wars, the French and Indian war and the Revolution. Many of the original settlers of Roxbury were buried in this ground, and the names ol Weld, Williams, Ruggles, Danforth, Brewer, Morris, Park, Crafts, Lyon, Hal- brook, Dorr, Pierpont, Gore, Draper, Mears, Bowen, Denison, Felton, Griggs, Scar- borough, Newell, Parker, Payson, Perrin, Seaver, Walter, Whiting, White. Wil- lard, with many others, were the pioneers of Roxbury when it was a wilderness. Gen. Joseph Warren, born in Roxbury, June 11, 1741, graduated from Harvard College and practiced as a physician, and was a teacher in the Roxbury Latin School. The Warren estate on Warren Street was bought by the general's grandfather. The old mansion is gone, but a modern house, built of Roxbury stone, stands on the site with a tablet inserted in the wall to commemorate the birthplace of the patriot. A sum of money aggregating over $18,000 and twenty bronze cannon have been appropriated through the generous contributions of Roxbury citizens, the city, and the guns from the general government, to erect a suitable monument on the triangular plot of ground nearly opposite the War- ren estate. Dr. John Warren, brother of the general, a surgeon in the Revolu- tionary army, was also born here. He died in 1815, buried from King's Chapel, and the brother's remains are now buried at Mt. Warren, Forest Hills Cemetery. The Warren estate is now owned by Dr. John C. Warren of Boston. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON'. 61 Gen. Nelson A. Miles, the Commander-in-Chief of the U. S. army, went rom Roxbury as first lieutenant of a company in the war of the Rebellion. Col. William Raymond Lee went to the front in command of the 20th Regiment, Mass. Vols. The Parting Stone, corner of Roxbury and Centre Streets, was placed by hief Justice Paul Dudley. William Lloyd Garrison occupied the house No. 125 Highland Street, rom 18(34 to 1870. Fellows Athenaeum on Millmont Street has 35,000 volumes in the library. St. James Episcopal Church, St. James Street. Built of Roxbury stone. Admiral Winslow, who commanded the Kearsarge at the sinking of the 'onfederate vessel Alabama, lived on Kearsarge Avenue. Boston Baseball Grounds, from Columbus Avenue, Roxbury, founded 871. Here the leading clubs from all parts of the country play match games. Roxbury has now a population of more than 100,000. CHARLESTOWN. Called Mishawum by the Indians ; was settled in 1629, and became a city in 847. Annexed to Boston 1873. First Church, founded 1632, with thirty-five members, in the " Great louse," site of old City Hall. John Harvard preached here; also Jedediah lorse 1789-1820, and M. I. Budington. Present building erected 1834, and the rorrnan tower has a chime of six bells. Phipps Street Burying Ground, from Main Street, Charlestown, is the ldest ground in Charlestown, and was established shortly after the first settle- lent of the town. John Harvard, the founder of Harvard College, was buried ere, and a large granite monument, with two white marble tablets with suitable iscriptions, was erected in 1828, on the hill in the centre of the ground. In 898, a committee of the college graduates caused the marble tablets to be re- loved, as they were in bad condition, and two beautiful bronze tablets were laced on the monument. Many of the first settlers of the town were buried ere and the oldest inscription bears the date 16.j2. Commissary General Richard )evens and many other officers and soldiers of the Revolution were buried in )tnbs or graves. Bunker Hill Monument. A granite obelisk, 221 feet high, on Monument quare, Breeds Hill, Charlestown. Corner stone laid by Lafayette June 17, S25, and monument dedicated June 17, 1843 ; Daniel Webster delivered the Geo H. Walker & Co., Boston. Bunker Hill Monument. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 63 oration. Cost $150,000. The battle of Bunker Hill was fought June 17, 1775. when 4,000 British veterans attacked 3,000 Americans behind rude breastworks, and after four hours' battle, captured the redoubt. The British lost 1,500; the Americans 450. A marble statue of Gen. Warren, who was slain at Bunker Hill, stands in the lodge at the base of the monument. Erected 1857. A bronze statue of Col. William Prescott also stands on the grounds. Erected 1881. The town was burnt by the British June 17, 1775, during the battle, and the 2,700 inhabitants were forced to flee to towns adjoining. Loss $500,000. United States Navy Yard. Founded 1800; entrance on Water Street. The yard is between the Charles and Mystic Rivers, and has an area of eighty- seven and a quarter acres ; surrounded by a high granite wall and a water front of one and one-half miles. There are seventy-five buildings in the enclosure; commandant's residence, naval museum, naval institute, machine shops and a rope walk, built of granite, 1,361 feet long, where rope is made for the U. S. navy. The great granite dry dock is three hundred and seventy feet long; built 1827-33, at a cost of $994,000. The receiving ship Wabash is moored off the yard, with other vessels. The New Dry Dock for the Navy Yard was begun April 17, 1899, and is to be completed by the terms of the contract, in thirty months from April 1, 1899, at a cost of $883,400. It will be constructed of stone and concrete, and will be built in cross sections, until the work is completed. The new dock is sit- uated just east and parallel to the old dock, and will be seven hundred and fifty feet long or twice as long as the old dock, and will cost but little more than the old one. Most of the work in docking the vessels will be done by machinery. A huge crane or derrick will travel along the dock on tracks, so that the heavy shores, blocks, tackle, and material needed for repairing vessels may be expe- ditiously handled. Building this dock at the yard means a great deal for the mechanics of Boston, as on the completion of the great work, the largest ships in the navy will be sent to Boston to be docked and repaired, employ- ing thousands of workmen in all departments of the yard, enabling the Charlestown yard to take its old place as one of the best navy yards of the country. Soldiers and Sailors' Monument, Monument Square. Dedicated in 1872 ; cost $20,000. In memory of soldiers and sailors who died 1801-65. Branch Public Library, in old City Hall, City Square; has a large, valu- able library. State Prison. Built at Prison Point, 1805. North wing built 1829 ; west wing built 1850; west wing enlarged 1867. Large workshops for the prisoners are within the walls. 64 GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. WEST ROXBURY. Set off from Roxbury and incorporated as a town 1855 ; annexed to Boston 1873. The Second Parish Church was erected in 1712, on Walter Street; the building was taken down about 1825, and the heavy frame set up on Centre Street, where it now stands. Rev Theodore Parker was for some years pastor of the church. The Third Church, corner of Centre and Eliot Streets, Jamaica Plain, was founded 1773. Its first pastors were Rev. William Gordon, Rev. Thomas Gray, Rev. Grindall Reynolds and Rev. James W. Thompson. Brook Farm, a community formed by Hawthorne, Ripley, Dana, Alcott and others in 1844-47. The farm is a mile from West Roxbury station on the banks of the Charles River. La Grange Street Burying Ground was the second ground in Roxbury. It was established by a vote of the town July 21, 1683. Some of the original settlers of Roxbury were buried here. Walter Street Burying Ground was established in 1712, and is the third oldest ground in what was Roxbury. On the front portion of this ground formerly stood the Second Parish Church of Roxbury, now known as the First Church of West Roxbury. The heavy frame of the church now stands on Centre Street. The oldest gravestone standing bears the date 1722. Here were buried John Bridge, colonial auditor, Capt. Jonathan Hale of Glastonbury, Conn., and a large number of Revolutionary soldiers who died in the army hospitals in Jamaica Plain in 1776. Eliot Burying Ground, on Eliot Street, Jamaica Plain, is the fourth oldest ground in what was Roxbury, and was established in 1785. This ground belongs to the First Parish of Jamaica Plain, and is in the rear of the church. There are a large number of tombs and graves, and many familiar names in the history of Roxbury may be seen on the gravestones. Capt. Lemuel May, who commanded a company at Lexington alarm, was buried here in 1805, and many a brave soldier of the Revolution may be traced by his epitaph. Forest Hills Cemetery, West Roxbury, consecrated 1848, has an area of two hundred and twenty-five acres. The large gateway of Gothic architecture, is constructed of Roxbury pudding stone taken from the quarries in the vicinity. The chapel and offices are constructed of the same stone, all being trimmed with light sandstone. The large receiving tomb is but a short distance from the gate- way, and opposite, on a hill, rises a tall bell tower, also built of stone. The cemetery is one of the best laid out grounds on the landscape plan in the coun- GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 65 try. The main avenues and paths follow the natural topography of the land, with the lots fronting on the paths, with ample space reserved for effective orna- mental planting of trees, shubbery, vines, and plants in profusion. The whole ground presents a beautiful diversity of hills, valleys and lakes, with views from the hills and ledges, unsurpassed. Many distinguished men were buried here ; Maj. Gen. Joseph Warren, his brother, Dr. John Warren, Maj. Gen. William Heath, Brig. Gen. Henry Jack- son, Colonel John May, Major Ephraim May, all of the Revolutionary army ; Brig. Gen. H. A. S. Dearborn, Ex. -Gov. Alexander H. Rice, Ex-Gov. William Gaston, Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, Admiral John A. Winslow, Admiral Henry Knox Thatcher, William Lloyd Garrison, Rev. Jacob M. Manning, Rev. James F. Clarke, Rev. Alonzo A. Miner, Rev. Dr. Gordon, E. L. Davenport, John Gilbert, and Andrew Carney. In the soldiers' lot, dedicated to the soldiers of Roxbury who were killed in the war for the Union, are buried soldiers who have died since their return from the field. A large bronze statue of a soldier was erected in the lot in 1867. Mount Hope Cemetery contains one hundred and seven and a quarter acres. This ground is also laid out on the landscape plan, and has many beau- tiful monuments. The soldiers' monument of heavy artillery, donated by the United States government, and other large lots set apart for societies, have handsome monuments. This ground is controlled by the city of Boston. Sir Francis Bernard, John Hancock, Gov. Bowdoin, Commodore Loring and Francis Parkham lived in Jamaica Plain. DORCHESTER. Settled in 1630. The first meeting house was erected in 1631 at the corner of Pleasant and East Cottage Streets. In 1635 a mill was erected by Israel Stoughton, and in 1634 a bridge over the Neponset River was completed. The irst general court met in 1634, and Dorchester was represented by three dele- gates. Annexed to Boston in 1870. The First Parish Church organized May 20, 1630, and the first service was held in the open air. Rev. Richard Mather served thirty-three years in this church, Rev. John Davenport forty-eight and Rev. Thaddeus M. Harris forty- three years. The Second Church, founded 1808. In eighty years it had but three pas- tors ; Rev. John Codman, D. D., Rev. James H. Means, D. D., and Rev. E. U. Packard, D. D. 66 GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. The Pierce House is probably the second oldest house standing in America ; erected in 1635, and is now in the hands of that family. The Blake House, on Dorchester way, dates from 1670. The First Free Public School was undoubtedly opened in this town in 1630, as the town records show. Henry Knox and Daniel Webster dwelt in a colonial mansion at Ashmont. North Dorchester Burying Ground, corner of Stoughton and Boston Streets, is the oldest ground of what was the town of Dorchester, and was estab- lished in 1633. There are a large number of tombs, the most ancient being in the oldest part of the ground near the corner of Stoughton and Boston Streets. Here were buried Rev. Richard Mather, father of Rev. Increase Mather, and grandfather of Rev. Cotton Mather, Lieut. Gov. William Stoughton, Maj. Gen. Humphrey Atherton, Col. Hopestill Hall, Brig. Gen. Hatch, Brig. Gen. Stephen Badlam and many other distinguished citizens of the town, officers and soldiers of the early Indian wars, French and Indian war, and the Revolution. South Burying Ground, on Washington Street, near Lower Mills, was es- tablished in 1814. Norfolk Street Burying Ground was established in 1848, the land having been donated by Rev. John Codman, D. D., whose remains were removed to this ground the same year. Cedar Grove Cemetery, on Milton, Adams and Granite Streets, contains thirty-eight acres and borders on the Neponset River. The landscape plan was adopted in laying out the ground, and all natural features of the original pur- chase were retained. Several societies have large lots with artistic monuments. The cemetery is controlled by a board of trustees chosen by the proprietors. SOUTH BOSTON. Part of Dorchester until 1804, when it was annexed to Boston, at that time having but ten families in the peninsula. Thomas Park, on the hill known as Dorchester Heights, was laid out as a public park by the city. On this ground a granite monument was erected some years ago to commemorate the patriots who constructed earthworks, and placed cannon here that compelled the British troops to evacuate Boston. Hawes Burying Ground, established 1816, has an area of 16,800 square feet of land and adjoins Union Burying Ground, which is a private cemetery. St. Augustine's Cemetery consecrated 1818. In 1833, the chapel was built and a number of tombs built in the crypt. Owned by Roman Catholics. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 67 Perkins Institute and Massachusetts School for the Blind. The buildings stand on Dorchester Heights and are conspicuous landmarks seen for miles from the land and sea. The institution was named in memory of Col. Thomas H. Perkins, its chief benefactor. Dr. Samuel G. Howe was connected with the institution for many years. The state appropriates $30,000 annually towards its maintenance, and the funds from other income are about $15,000. Carney Hospital on Old Harbor Street, founded 1865 by Andrew Carney, a wealthy merchant of Boston. In charge of Sisters of Charity. A large number of machine shops, boiler works, rolling mills, wood planing mills, and a large plant for the construction of iron and steel vessels are located in this district. A foundry for the construction of large naval guns, employing many skilled workmen during the war 1861-65, is also here, and is now engaged in furnishing the government with large castings for the large disappearing gun carriages for the forts. On the water front of the harbor and Fort Channel, large docks and ware- houses have been constructed, and the railroad companies have secured a large area for their freight terminals. BRIGHTON. Settled as Little Cambridge, 1635; became a parish 1779; a town. 1807; annexed to Boston, 1874. Chestnut Hill Reservoir and Reservation on the border of Brighton and Brookline and Newton is connected with the park system of Boston by Commonwealth Avenue and Beacon Street. The old mill dam (Beacon Street) was the roadway between Charles River and Back Bay, and was the road to Brookline and Brighton, and tolls were charged. Evergreen Cemetery, near Chestnut Hill Reservoir, established 1850, con- tains sixteen acres. On this ground stands the soldiers' monument erected by the town in memory of her soldiers who died in 1861-65. EAST BOSTON. Noddle's Island was fortified by Samuel Maverick before 1630, and again fortified in 1776 ; also in 1814. In 1833 but one family resided on the island. Maverick Church founded 1836, and church building erected 1844-45. From (HIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. C>9 1836 the Eastern Railroad and Cunard Line of English steamers located here. The Maverick House, a large hotel, was erected, and the largest shipyards built some of the finest clipper ships in the world. Donald McKay built the Great Republic. The Atlantic Works build or repair iron or steel ships. The Leyland Line steamers are each five hundred and twenty feet long and 1(3,000 tons capacity. The Commonwealth, by right of eminent domain, has taken 4,312,500 square feet of flats, 3,000,000 square feet of these flats being owned by the East Boston Company. This company has plans under consideration for the filling of 5,000,- 000 square feet of flats and marsh inside of the sea wall. They have recently acquired the real estate of the Maverick Land Company, comprising some 4,000,- 000 square feet, also the property of the Equity Realty Company, comprising over 200,000 square feet, which will give the East Boston Company the ownership of practically all the land filled and unfilled in what was formerly Noddle's Island. In all they have over 37,000,000 square feet, or more than eight hundred and fifty acres within two miles of City Hall. Embraced by the shores of East Boston, Winthrop and Governor's Island, lies an area of a mile square of flats, beyond the lines of any possible pier heads. With the exception of its channels this area is mud flats, for the most part ex- posed at low water, of a material easily and cheaply excavated, (a considerable portion of it by pump dredging), all of which could be used in filling the adjacent wharves and territory thereto adjoining. Such a development would not only increase the wharf and dock accommodations, but would give a fine anchorage basin completely protected from wind and waves. Wood Island Park has eighty acres of lawn, drives and planted ground, with a fine harbor view. Large docks, warehouses and machine shops are located on the water front. PARKS AND PARKWAYS IN BOSTON. Under the Supervision of Boston Park Commissioners* Charlesbank, along Charles River front, between Craigie and West Boston bridges. Broad promenade and playground, six hundred feet long, planted with hardy trees and shrubs. Commenced 1883 ; area, ten acres ; cost S()Tt>,430.12. Commonwealth Avenue, Back Bay, taken 1894. Area thirty acres ; cost $100,745.77. The Fens, Back Bay. Land taken 1879 ; area one hundred and fifteen acres, twenty-eight acres being water surface. Land and construction cost $2,638,896.66. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 71 Riverway, from The Fens to Leverett Park. Land taken 1800; area forty acres, eight acres of river surface. Land and construction cost $1,042,687.89. Leverett Park, Roxbury. Land taken 1890-92;- area seventy-five acres. Land and construction cost $631,570*75. A section of the parkway is between Tremont and Perkins Streets, sixty acres of the park are in Boston, fifteen acres in Brookline, Leverett Pond has twelve acres, Ward's Pond two and seven-tenths acres, Willow Pond and numerous small ponds, bridges and driveways. Jamaica Park, taken 1892. Land and construction cost $998,784.11 ; area one hundred and twenty acres, sixty-four and five-tenths acres of water. Arborway, West Roxbury. Land taken 1892. Land and construction cost $597,153,62 ; area thirty-six acres. Arnold Arboretum, West Roxbury. The largest and finest collection of trees in the world ; occupies the land formerly the Bussey estate, bequeathed to Harvard College by the late Benjamin Bussey. Land taken by the city 1882-95. Total cost of land and construction $349,089.86. Area two hundred and twenty- three acres. The Bussey Institute, a branch of Harvard College, was opened 1870, and two years later the Arboretum was established. It received its name from James Arnold of New Bedford, who bequeathed $100,000 for its establishment. West Roxbury Parkway. Land taken 1894. Land and construction cost $124,923.51 ; area one hundred and fifty acres. Franklin Park, West Roxbury. Land taken 1883-84. Cost of land and construction $3,506,510.65; area five hundred and twenty-seven acres; has seven and four-tenths acres of water surface. One of the finest parks in the country; laid out on the landscape plan without disturbing the original topog- raphy of the landscape. Dorchesterway, Dorchester. Land taken 1883-84. Land and construc- tion cost $128,140.44. Strandway, Dorchester and South Boston. Land taken 1880-92-97. Land and construction cost $615,181 ; area forty-eight acres of land, two hundred and twelve acres of flats. Marine Park, South Boston. Land taken 1883. Land and construction cost $1,24'.), 027. 04 ; area thirty-four acres land, one hundred and fifty acres flats. Connected with Castle Island by a bridge. A pier 1,300 feet long extends out into the bay. A statue of Admiral Farragut, erected in 1893, stands on the park. Castle Island, taken 1890. Area twenty-one acres land; eighty-three acres flats. Construction cost $31,934.35. The island belongs to the U. S. government and is held by the city by permission of the War Department, to be relinquished at any time the government may require. * Wood Island Park, Fast Boston. Land taken 1882-91. Land and con- struction cost $349,330.27 ; area forty-six acres of land, one hundred and sixty- five acres of flats. i H" * ! "* . - : if/ 1 ij .. ,.' > f V*.: ■V \ JTC1 j M t n ' mi -fe - ! Lii. ^ . i, V GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 73 Trinity Triangle. Land taken 1885. Land cost $30,000: area 5,410 square feet. Charlestown Heights. Land taken 1891. Land and construction cost $146,504.78; area four acres of land, six acres of flats. Charlestown Playground, Land taken 1891. Land and construction cost $182,18(3.48; area fourteen acres of land, four acres of flats. Dorchester Park. Land taken 1891. Land and construction cost $67,- 099.87 ; area twenty-six acres. Franklin Field. Land taken 1892. Land and construction cost $228,- 154.75 ; area seventy-seven acres. Public Park, North End. Land taken 1893. Land and construction cost $604,810.08; area four acres of land, three acres of flats. Playstead, North Brighton. Land taken 1894. Land and construction cost $24,957.42 ; area fourteen acres. Playstead, Neponset. Land taken 1896. Land and construction cost $2,661.82 ; area eight acres. Billings Field. Land taken 1896. Land and construction cost $18.50; area eleven acres. First Street Playground. Land taken 1897. Construction cost $9,554.85 ; area four and six-tenths acres. Freeport Street Triangle. Land taken 1897. Land cost $4,000; area 6,263 square feet. North End Playground. Land taken 1897. Land cost $99,228.95 ; area 11,384 square feet. Mystic Playground. Land taken 1897. Land cost $50,000; area two and twenty-five-hundredths acres. Fellows Street Playground. Land taken 1897. Land and construction cost $15,000 ; area 36,955 square feet. Town Field, Dorchester. Land taken 1897. Land cost $37,500; area five and eight-tenths acres. BOSTON HARBOR. In passing down the harbor the navy yard at Charlestown and the large English steamboats at East Boston docks are on the left. Mystic and Charles Rivers empty their waters into the harbor here. Fort Strong was built on Nod- dle's Island (East Boston), 1770. On the right South Boston with the large new docks, elevators and mammoth storehouses, with the Blind Asylum on the heights in the background. At the extreme point of the peninsula is Castle h GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 75 Island with the gray granite walls of Fort Independence. The castle on this island was commenced in 1634, the commander killed by lightning July 10, 1(')(')4; repaired and enlarged, 1696; rebuilt and named Fort William, 1705 ; the block house blown up by British, March 27, 1776 ; criminals confined there, Feb. 1786; ceded to United States, Aug. 18, 1798; named Fort Independence, July, 31, 1799. On the left of the channel is Governor's Island, granted to Gov. Winthrop in 1632, and held by the family till 1798, when it was sold to the United States. Fort Winthrop was begun in 180S, and water batteries now run down to the shore. Apple Island is between Governor's Island and Winthrop, and was bought by the city of Boston in 1867. Thompson's Island on the right, beyond Castle Island, is the farm school founded in 1814 and removed to the island in 1835. In 1626 it was an Indian trading post, and was afterwards used by the colonists as a pasturage for cattle. Spectacle Island is now occupied by a factory for making fertilizers, etc. Deer Island is on the left of the channel with city institutions, House of Industry, House of Reformation for Girls, Truant School, etc. Here were captives several hundred Indian prisoners in 1676. A light is on the headland. Long Island, occupied by Massachusetts Volunteers previous to their de parture to the front, 1861-62, is now used as a home for the city's poor. On the bluff is the well-known Long Island Light, and the United States government is erecting a strong battery of modern guns for the defense of Broad Sound. A heavy sea wall was built here several years ago, Gallop's Island, just below Long Island. Here are located the hospital buildings of the quarantine station. LovelVs Island is the wharf and storage for the United States lighthouse service. Nix's Mate beyond was Bird Island and contained twelve acres in 1636. Pirates were gibbetted here in 1724, and also a burial place for pirates in 1798. The selectmen of Boston attempted to protect the land from the inroads of the sea in 1818, but the land disappeared at low water in 1825. A stone monument is now built upon the rocks, with a light. Rainsford Island is occupied by the city almhouse and has a number of large buildings. Fort Warren, built on George's Island, (sold to U. S. 1846) ; fort com- menced 1833; works completed 1850; garrisoned by Massachusetts militia, 1861- 65; rebel prisoners confined 1862 ; walls greatly strengthened and enlarged and heavy breech-loading guns, with disappearing carriages, mounted 1898. The Great Brewster was bought by the city of Boston in 1848, for $4,000. Boston Light, built in 1783; Bug Light, built 1856. Middle Brewster, Outer Brewster and Shag or Lgg Rocks are the islands on the ocean front. 76 GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. Minot's Ledge sold to United States 1847; lighthouse destroyed by storm April 16, 1851 ; new lighthouse completed Nov. 16, 1860. The harbor was closed as a port of entry by the British, May 10, 1774; blockaded in the embargo excitement, Jan. 23, 1809 ; ice cut for the English steamer by John Hill, Feb. 5, 1844; great improvements begun by United States government, 1869. MAYORS OF THE CITY OF BOSTON, From J 822 to the Present Time* Name. John Phillips, Josiah Quincy, Harrison Gray Otis, Charles Wells, Theodore Lyman, Jr., Samuel T. Armstrong, Samuel A Elliot, Jonathan Chapman, Martin Brimmer, Thomas A. Davis, Josiah Quincy, Jr., John P. Bigelow, Benjamin Seaver, Jerome V. C. Smith, Alexander H. Rice, Frederic W. Lincoln, Jr. Joseph M. Wightman, Frederic W. Lincoln, Otis Norcross, Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, William Gaston, Henry L. Pierce. Samuel C. Cobb, Place and Date of Birth. Boston, Nov. 26, 1770. Boston, Feb. 4, 1772. Boston, Oct. 8. 1765. Boston, Dec. 30, 1786. Boston, Feb. 19, 1792. Dorchester, April 29, 1784. Boston, March 5, 1798. Boston, Jan. 23, 1807. Roxbury, June 8, 1793. \ Brookline, \ Dec. 11, 1798. Boston, Jan. 17, 1802. , Groton, Aug. 25, 1797. Roxbury, April 12, 1795. Conway, N. H., July 20, 1800. Newton, Aug. 30, 1818. Boston, Feb. 27, 1817. Boston, Oct. 19, 1812. See above. Boston, Nov. 2, 1811. Boston, June 29, 1810. Killingly, Conn., Oct. 3, 1820. ( Stoughton, Mass., \ Aug. 23, 1825. Taunton, May 22, 1826. Died. Term of Service. May 29, 1823, 1822 —1 July 1, 1864, 1823-28—6 Oct. 28, 1848. 1829-31—3 June 8, 1866. 1832-33—2 July 17, 1849. 1834-35—2 Mar. 26, 1850. 1836 —1 Jan. 29, 1862. May 25, 1848. April 25, 1847. 1837-39—3 1840-42—3 1843-44—2 Nov. 22, 1845. 1845 Nov. 2, 1882. July 4, 1872. Feb. 14, 1856. Aug. 20, 1879. July 22, 1895. Sept. 13, 1898. Jan. 25, 1885. See above. Sept. 5, 1882. Oct. 17, 1874. 1846-48—3 1849-51—3 1852-53—2 1854-55—2 1856-57—2 1858-60—3 1861-62-2 1863-66—4 1867 — 1 1868-70—3 Jan. 19, 1894. 1871-72—2 Dec. 17, 1896. 1873 —1 Feb. 18, 1891. 1874-76—3 GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 77 Name. Frederick O. Prince, Henry L. Pierce, Frederick O. Prince, Samuel A. Green, Albert Palmer, Augustus P. Martin, Hugh O'Brien, Thomas N. Hart, Nathan Matthews, Jr. Edwin U. Curtis, Josiah Quincy, Place and Date of Birth. Boston, Jan. 18, 1818. See above. See above. Groton, March 10, 1830. Candia, N. H., Jan. 17, 1831. Abbot, Me., Nov. 23, 1835. Ireland, July 13, 1827. North Reading, Jan. 20, 1829. Boston, March 28, 1854. Roxbury, March 20, 1801. Quincy, Oct. 15, 1859. Died. See above. Term of Service. 1-77 — 1 1878 — 1 1879-81—3 1882 — 1 May 21, 1887. 1883 Aug. 1, 1895. 1884 — 1 1885-88—4 1889-90—1 1891-94—4 L895-96— 1 1890-99—4 METROPOLITAN DISTRICT. " Greater Boston " comprises the city of Boston and a district with a radius of ten miles from the City Hall, with a population of 1,250,000 and a valuation of $2,000,000,000, Jan. 1, 1899. According to the state census of 1895, Boston had a population of 496,920; Cambridge 81,043; Lynn 02,354; Somerville 52,- 200; Chelsea 31,204; Maiden 29,708; Newtons 27,590; Waltham 20,870; Quincy 20,712; Everett 18,573; Brookline 10,104; Medford 14,474; Woburn 14,178; Melrose 11,905; Hyde Park 11,820 ; Wakefield 8,304; Waltham 7,788; Revere 7,423; Arlington 0,515; Dedham 7,211; Stoneham 0,284; Winchester 0,150; Milton 5,518; Saugus 4,497 ; Winthrop 4,192 ; Lexington 3,498 ; Swamp- scott 3,259; Belmont 2,843; making twelve cities and sixteen towns with a population of nearly 1,000,000. Its geographical area is two hundred and seventy-three and seven-hundredths square miles in these twenty-eight municipalities. METROPOLITAN PARK SYSTEM. Middlesex Fells Reservation. On Feb. 2, 1894, there were taken 1,583 acres of land (by the Acts of 1893) : in the cities of Maiden, (01 acres) ; Medford, (302 acres) ; towns of Winchester, (287 acres) ; Stoneham, (008 acres) and Mel- GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 79 rose, (205 acres) ; which with the water reservation in the vicinity of Spot Pond, and the Winchester Reservoirs completed the Middlesex Reservation of 3,022.48 acres. There are in the reservation two well-marked north and south valleys. The eastern valley is marked by Spot Pond, Wright's Pond and Intervale Brook, and the western by the Winchester reservoir and Bowery Brook. Spot Pond has an elevation of one hundred and forty-eight feet above tide water and supplies three municipalities with water ; and the Winchester Reservoirs are a little higher. Pine Hill two hundred and forty feet high; Silver Mine Hill, and Winthrop Hill culminates northward in Bear Hill three hundred and twenty feet high. The largest area of continuously high land is found in the southeastern part of the Fells, an area of nearly a square mile, rising above the two hundred feet con- tour and culminating in Cairn Hill three hundred feet high. The early name of this region was " The Rocks " and afterward until a re- cent period " The Five Mile Woods." In 1634 Governor Craddock was granted lands. His property of about 3,500 acres included a large share of the south- ern part of the Fells. Great quantities of timber cut in this locality were trans- ported to Medford to be used in the construction of ships on the banks of the Mystic River, the first ship was constructed in the colony, when the Blessing of the Bay was launched, and here also Governor Craddock's agents began the con- struction of vessels as early as 1634. Blue Hills Reservation. On Dec. 29, 1893, the eastern and east middle sections of the reservation were taken by the commission, followed on Jan. 5, 1894, by the taking of the west middle sections, the reservation having an area in the city of Quincy of 2,530 acres ; the towns of Milton 1,314 acres and Canton 109 acres, thereby completing the Blue Hills Reservation, with an area of 3,953 acres. A gift of six hundred and ninty-seven acres of woods and beautiful intervales south of Great Blue Hill, and almost surrounded by Ponkapoag Pond, was received under the will of the late Henry L. Pierce. This estate at Ponkapoag village, is partly in Canton and partly in Randolph. The homestead with one hundred aud fifty-seven acres of land is subject to life estates; the remainder, consisting of five hundred and forty acres of woodland and meadow, is immediately available for park purposes. The highest point of land of the Great Blue Hill is six hun- dred and thirty-five feet above tide water; the range of hills is the most promi- inent topographical feature of eastern Massachusetts, and of the entire seacoast from New Hampshire line to Florida. On the summit of the hill the United States government has an observatory. Stony Brook Woods. On April 30, 1894, the first takings were made for this reservation, including a portion of the West Roxbury Parkway ; finally on Sept. 6, the last takings were made, making a total of two hundred and eighty- five acres in Hyde Park, and one hundred and ninety acres in West Roxbury four hundred and seventy-five acres in all. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 81 This reservation was connected with the Boston Park System by both com- missions taking at the same time land for a parkway, extending from the Arnold Arboretum to the Stony Brook Woods Reservation by the way of Bellevue Hill. These two takings made Oct. 18, 1894, included an area of one hundred and fifty-six acres of that portion of the parkway between Weld Street and Washington Street, being the Bellevue Hill section of the Metropolitan Commission. The section from Weld Street to the Arnold Arboretum was taken by the Boston Park Commission. Bellevue Hill rises three hundred and forty-seven feet above tide water and is the highest point of land in Boston. In the centre of the reservation directly south of Bellevue Hill is Turtle Pond, from which Stony Brook flows south and southeast through a wilderness. Turtle Pond is one hundred and thirty feet above tide water, while the rocky hills rising abruptly around the basin have heights ranging from a little less than two hundred feet in the Perch, two hundred and twenty-two feet in the Overbrook Hill, two hundred and forty-four feet in Milkweed Hill and two hundred and fifty-six feet in Bearberry Hill. Beaver Brook. Famous in song and story for its beautiful scenery, with ponds and silver pools, miniature rapids and water falls, its banks covered with wild plants and hardy flowering shrubs, its waters winding through the forest, appearing here and there in the openings, giving an ever changing landscape. "On Jan. 27, 1631-32, the governor (Winthrop) and some company with him went up the Charles River about eight miles above Watertown. They named the first brook on the north side of the river, Beaver Brook, because the beaver had shorn down divers great trees there, and made divers dams across the brook." Revere Beach Reservation comprises all of Revere Beach and land in Winthrop, containing a total of 66.19 acres. The taking of this beautiful beach, ensures the keeping of all objectionable features from the ocean front, and the construction of a wide parkway along the rear of the beach for a number of miles ; the whole subject to restrictions. Lowell Memorial Park. A field in Cambridge at the rear of " Elmwood," bought as a memorial to James Russell Lowell ; has been transferred to the care of the Metropolitan Park Commission, one-third of the purchase money having been paid by the Commonwealth and the remaining two-thirds by popular sub- scription. The track contains 140,000 square feet of land. Mystic Valley Parkway. The town of Winchester and the city of Boston purchased lands near the Winchester Station, where the parkway was laid out. This land has been transferred to the Metropolitan Park Commission, and the Metropolitan Water Board has now succeeded the city of Boston as the owner of the Mystic Water System, comprising part of the Abbajona River, the Upper Mystic Lakes and adjacent lands. These lands and waters will be used as a part of the Mystic Valley Parkway. i z GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON*. 83 Neponset River Parkway. It is designed to connect the Blue Hills with the Stony Brook Woods Reservation, and thence by the West Roxbury Park- way with the Boston Park System at the Arnold Arboretum. The first section of this connection was acquired in 1898, and extends from Mother Brook at the southerly end of the Stony Brook Woods Reservation to Hyde Park Avenue in Readville, a part of Hyde Park. Lands for the second section of the parkway up the banks of the Neponset River to Paul's Bridge were acquired in 1898. Charles River Reservation. A frontage of nineteen miles has been secured between Newton Upper Falls and Dedham, comprising 555.56 acres, and other sections along the river banks will soon be secured. Middlesex Fells Parkway. From Broadway, Somerville, to Beaver Dam and Pine Hill, Middlesex Fells. Reservation four miles long. The area of all the reservations taken to Jan. 1, 1899, comprises Blue Hills, 4,777.84 acres ; Middlesex Fells, 3,022.43 acres, (including 1,200 acres of holdings of water boards, under the care and control of the commission) ; Stony Brook Woods, 460.64 acres ; Charles River, 555.26 acres ; Beaver Brook, 58.08 ; Hemlock Gorge (Charles River), 24.46 acres ; Revere Beach, 66.19 acres ; King's Beach, 3.91 acres; West Roxbury Parkway, 156 acres, making a grand total of 7,904.81 acres. METROPOLITAN WATER. The Metropolitan Water Board was established under the provisions of Chapter 488 of the acts of the year 1895. Under this act, it is the duty of the board to construct, maintain and operate a system of water works, in accord- ance with plans and recommendations submitted by the State Board of Health in that year, and the board was to supply a sufficient supply of pure water for the cities of Boston, Chelsea, Fverett, Maiden, Medford, Newtons and Somer- ville, and the towns of Belmont, Hyde Park, Melrose, Revere, Watertown and Winthrop. The act further requires that other cities and towns, any part of which are within ten miles of the State House, shall be admitted into the Metropolitan Water District on such payment of money as the board shall de- termine, and also provide to supply water to companies using pipes and water systems in towns within said ten miles, and for permitting the board to furnish water to still other cities and towns and water companies. The Legislature authorized the issue of bonds to the extent of $27,000,000, the proceeds to be applied to carrying out the purposes of the act. The great features of the scheme were the construction of a dam and stor- age reservoir upon the south branch of the Nashua River, the taking of the waters of that river and diverting them into the Sudbury System of the city of 84 GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. Boston, and the making of the waters of the south branch of the Nashua River, in connection with the waters of the Cochituate and Sudbury Systems belong- 1 ing to the city of Boston, available for the whole Metropolitan District as their I future water supply. The entire water works for the supply and storage of water for the city of Boston, west of the Chestnut Hill Reservoir and Spot Pond and the lands im- mediately surrounding the pond, were taken by the board the first day of Janu- ary, 1898, and the board began supplying water to the city of Boston and several other cities and towns in the Metropolitan Water District. The Sudbury Reservoir when completed will, with the completion of the Wachusett Reser- voir, be by far the largest storage reservoir in New England ; will have an area of about two square miles, an average depth of nineteen feet, and will have a storage capacity of about 7,500,000,000 gallons. Chestnut Hill Pumping Station, when all the additions are made, the maximum daily capacity of the engines will be 70,000,000 gallons for the high service and 105,000,000 gallons for the low service. The construction of the Wachusett Dam at Clinton, and of the Wachu- sett Reservoir, will afford a storage capacity surpassed in the, world by only the Periyar Reservoir in India. The board in anticipation of the takings to be made of the works of Boston, deemed it advisable to change in some respects the designations which had been applied to the various dams, reservoirs and aqueducts, not only of those built by the city of Boston, but of those in process of construction by the board. The names of the reservoirs are given as follows : Wachusett Reservoir. The reservoir, building upon the south branch of the Nashua River, called hitherto the Nashua Reservoir in Clinton, Boylston, West Boylston and Sterling. Sudbury Reservoir. The reservoir begun by the city of Boston in South- borough and Marlborough, hitherto known as Reservoir No. 5. Framingham Reservoir No. 1. The Boston Sudbury System, hitherto known as Basin No. 1, Framingham. Framingham Reservoir No. 2. The reservoir in Framingham and Ash- land, hitherto known as Basin No. 2. Framingham Reservoir No. 3. The reservoir in Framingham, hitherto known as Basin No. 3. Ashland Reservoir. The reservoir in Ashland, hitherto known as Basin No. 4. Hopkinton Reservoir. The reservoir in Hopkinton and Ashland, hitherto known as Basin No. 6. Whitehall Reservoir. The reservoir in Hopkinton, hitherto known as Whitehall Pond. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 85 The Cochituate Lake. The Chestnut Hill Reservoir. Spot Pond. METROPOLITAN SEWERS. The Board of Metropolitan Sewerage Commissioners was created by Chapter 439, Acts of 1889, and we present a short description and review of the work accomplished by the board since its organization. The opening of the Neponset Valley System in 1898, marks the completion of the third large system of Metropolitan sewers now completed and operated by the Commonwealth, and together with the Charles River and North Metropolitan Systems, affords relief for twenty-two cities and towns of the Metropolitan district. These three systems, traversing the valleys of the Neponset, Charles and Mystic Rivers, discharge directly or indirectly with tide water, the Neponset Valley and Charles River Systems through the Boston main drainage at Moon Island and the North Metropolitan System through its output into deep tidal currents off Deer Island. The work of constructing these systems was entered upon in 1890, soon after the organization of the board, and has progressed steadily until its practical completion in the early part of 1898. The Charles River System, completed first, was built practically as outlined by the State Board of Health in its report on drainage of the Charles and Mystic Rivers ( 1889) and sewers with the exception of the cities of Cambridge and Somerville, all the cities and towns in the Charles River valley from Waltham to and in- cluding part of the Back Bay district of the city of Boston. The length of this system is 8.098 miles. Its course beginning at Waltham, runs in general parallel to and close by the banks of the Charles River, discharging into the Boston im- proved sewerage at a point in Huntington Avenue opposite Gainsborough Street. Surveys were made in the fall of 1890, and ground was broken for construction in the spring of 1891, and the system was completed in the spring of 1892. The North Metropolitan System serves the cities and towns of the Metro- politan district, situated in the valley of the Mystic River and so much of Charles River valley as lies north of the Charles River and its tributaries, and has a total length of 49.626 miles, necessitating the operation of four pumping plants, one at Isorth Somerville, one at Charlestown, another at East Boston, and one at Deer Island, near the outfall. The main line begining at Stoneham, traverses the valleys of the Maiden and Mystic Rivers, is joined by four separate branches, and continues through East Boston and Winthrop to the outfall off the easterly end of Deer Island. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 87 The North Metropolitan System, with the exception of the extensions, Wakefield, Stoneham, Lexington, Maiden and Everett branches (which are now nearly completed) was completed and in operation early in 1896. In the same year work was begun upon the Neponset Valley System, the last of the systems constructed by the board. This system serves a district including six cities and towns situated in the Neponset and Charles River valleys, and is near the Charles River, Mother Brook and Neponset River from Newton and Brookline at its upper end to a point in Central Avenue, Dorchester, discharging into the Dorchester interception of the Boston main drainage works near Granite Bridge. The system was practically completed and put into operation during the year 1898, and has a total length of 11.30 miles. The entire cost of the systems thus far constructed, including iand damages, is as follows : North Metropolitan System .... $5,116,695.63 Charles River System 789,134.27 Neponset Valley System .... 821,602.32 Making the total expenditures to date of . . $6,727,432.22 The Legislature appropriated $30,000 in 1898, to carry forward the investi- gation upon the proposed high level sewer for the relief of the Charles River and Neponset valleys, and the work is still in progress. STATE HIGHWAYS. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts since 1893, has undertaken to con- struct first-class highways throughout the state, under certain conditions. The number of miles of road completed to the present time is two hundred and six miles, and one hundred and sixty-two miles have been accepted by the commis- sion. No formal acceptance of a road is made until it has been in actual use by the public for three months from the date of the declaration of the engineer in charge of the division in which the road is located, then the highway is com- pleted. RAILROADS. Boston & Maine Railroad, largest railway system in New England, owns leases and operates 1,210.03 miles of road. The Western Division is the original Boston & Maine Railroad, formed in 1842, and its connections. The Eastern Division, the old Eastern Railroad, chartered in 1836, and its connections. The i ;.:■ -:^s-' , "^t HflUr --* - : iff' I l& HI > im {|B> .s fin it GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 89 Northern Division, the Boston & Lowell and Concord Railroad, and its system in northern New England, connecting with Canada and the West. The original Boston & Lowell Railroad chartered in 1830, and opened in 1835. Terminal facilities on the Mystic River front in Charlestown with large docks and grain elevator. Boston 6t Fitchburg Railroad, chartered 1842, opened 1845, total length of lines owned, leased and operated by the company four hundred and thirty-six miles. The Hoosac Tunnel, acquired from the state in 1887. Northern points in Canada reached through leased roads. Boston freight terminal at deep water, at docks in Charlestown. Boston & Albany Railroad. Successor of the Boston & Worcester rail- ways, chartered in 1831. Opened to Newton 1834; completed to Worcester 1835 ; and the Western from Worcester to the New York line completed in 1841. Total length of line now owned, leased and operated 375.70 miles. The corpo- ration owns and operates the Grand Junction Railroad, making deep water con- nections at East Boston, where are extensive wharves and grain elevators. An elevator on the comer of Chandler and Berkeley Streets, South End, also be- longs to this company. Old Colony Division, N. Y., N. H. f the Salem Cadets, organized 1785, 136 Essex Street, is on the site of Gov. Mmon Bradstreet's house. The Public Library building, Essex and Monroe Streets, has 30,000 books and some paintings. Custom House, burnt in 1818. At 54 Turner Street, stands " The House of the Seven Gables." The battle between the Chesapeake and Shannon was fought off Salem Shore. Beverly. Incorporated Oct. 14, 1668; incorporated as a city March 23, IS94. West Beach and Mingo Beach; Essex Bridge ; Ferry, established 1636, Salem to Beverly ; Roger Conant House, 463 Cabot Street ; Parsonage, Rev. John Hale, 1600, his wife last person accused of witchcraft, 33 Hale Street. Rev. John Chipman's house, 634 Cabot Street, first minister of North Beverly, 1715 ; First Parish Church, 1770, with Revere Bell and Ancient Clock, 217 Cabot Street, church incorporated 1667 ; Mansion of John Cabot, 1779, now Historical Society Building, 117 Cabot Street; Seth Norwood's house, built by George Cabot, 1783 ; Washington entertained here. Church and old burying ground, North Beverly; Historical Elm; Dr. O. W. Holmes's residence, Hale Street; Soldiers' Monument, junction of Abbott and Endicott Streets, thirty-six feet high, dedicated Oct. 13, 1882. The first cotton factory in the United States was erected at North Beverly. Beverly was originally a part of Salem. The fishing business was formerly the principal occupation of the people, but it is now an important shoe manufacturing city. Between Beverly and Gloucester are Pride's Crossing and Beverly Farms, and West Manchester, Manchester and Magnolia lie beyond. At Manchester-by-the-sea is the noted Singing Beach. Gloucester. Settled in 1633, and has always been the principal fishing port in the United States. Eastern Point, Bay View and Lanesville are easily reached by electric cars. Eastern Point forms the easterly boundary of Gloucester Harbor, and on the ocean side the Summer resorts, Bass Rocks and Good Harbor Beach, have a number of hotels and many cottages. Newburyport. Settled 1635; laid out as the " Port" 1642. Incorporated as Newburyport 1764. Previous to the Revolution the trade with the French West Indies was very profitable. Oldtown Burying Ground, 1643, site of First Oldtown Church; The Noyes House, 1646, West India or Lovell's Lane; Spencer Pierce House; Garrison House, 1650, Little's Lane ; The Coffin House, 1654 ; Tappan's House, 1670, on Tappan's Lane; The Pillsbury House, 1651; Emery's Tavern in 1812; The Belleville Burying Ground, 1684, site of Queen Anne's Chapel, 1712 ; St. Paul's Church, 1738-1800; Wolf Tavern, Davenport's Inn, 1722, corner of Fish (State Street) and Thread Needle Alley; Lord Timothy Dexter's House; Old South Church, 1746, with cenotaph to George Whitefield, and Whispering Gallery; The Arnold Tablet; The Old Elm, nearly two hundred years old; Oldtown Church, Carr's Island; First Ferry, 1648; Parker River Bridge. 96 GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. Newburyport sent seven hundred and seventeen enlisted men to the Revolu- tionary army. A large number of ships have been built in town for the mer- chant service and the navy. Church of First Religious Society, 1801 ; Marine Museum, State Street; Birthplace of William Lloyd Garrison; Atkinson Park; Fountain Park. The Newburyport Bridge. In 1826 a charter was obtained for this bridge. It crosses the Merrimack River from the foot of Summer Street to the Salis- bury Shore, and was finished in 1827 at a cost of $70,000 and opened on the first of September that year. Abutments with stone walls project from either shore. That on the Newburyport side is two hundred and forty and that on the Salisbury side one hundred and eighty-seven yards long. The bridge rests on three abutments and on four piers built of stone, and is further sup- ported by chains passing over the tops of pyramids erected on the piers and under the centres of the arches. The span of the centre arch is eighty-three yards. The bridge is built in two distinct longitudinal parts, so that, in case of accident to one, the passage of the river will not be interrupted. Whole length of bridge three-sevenths of a mile. This bridge was a toll bridge until 1868. The House occupied by Rev. George Whitefield where he died was on School Street. Essex Merrimack Bridge, connecting what was Newbury with Salisbury, is now within the limits of Newburyport. Completed July 4, 1793. Was a toll bridge until 1868. SOUTH SHORE. Downer Landing, formerly Crow Point, reached by steamboats, which run from Rowe's Wharf to Hull, Nantasket, Downer Landing and Hingham. There are shallow beaches, and Melville Garden, a twenty acre resort, devoted to the use of picnic parties ; a large clambake pavilion ; boating; fishing; bath- ing ; dancing, and games of all kinds are provided. Hull, stands at the end of the peninsula, which extends north from the South Shore, forming a natural breakwater and protection to Boston Harbor. The little fort on the Hill was planned by Lafayette and many French troops were buried on the ocean-front base of the hill. Point Allerton presents a magnif- icent view. There are several large hotels and a large number of summer cottages. On the hill the U. S. Government have planned for the erection of heavy batteries to command the south channel of the harbor. Nantasket Beach is one of the most beautiful beaches in the world, sweeping the shore in one majestic curve for four miles. In fine weather the GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 97 )each presents a lively sight with bathers, strolling parties and handsome car- iages driving along the smooth, hard sand. The taking of this superb beach vas included in the original plan of the Metropolitan Park Commission, and the lecessary steps have been taken to cause the beach and the adjoining land for ome distance to be included in this years' takings for park reservations. Jerusalem Road, one of the famous roads in New England, may also be aken as a boulevard, thus providing an ocean reservation for the South Shore, imilar to Revere Beach and Boulevard at the North Shore. Hingham. Established Sept. 2, 1635; one of the oldest maritime towns in he state. On the hill stands the oldest church in use in New England, built in 681, and has a pyramidal roof and belfry. Maj. Gen. Benjamin Lincoln of the Continental army is buried in the old burying ground. John A. Andrew, the reat war governor of the state, is also buried there. Also the home of John D. ,ong, ex-governor, congressman, and the present able secretary of the United •tates Navy. Strangers to the town will be greatly interested in the old man- ions with their gardens, and the beautiful drives through the vicinity, Jerusa- 2m Road, Glad Tidings Plain, Queen Anne Corner, Liberty Plain, Assinippi, Ling Oak Hill and Old Spain. Cohasset was a part of Hingham, established as a town August 23, 1775. s twenty miles from Boston by railroad, and may be reached from Nantasket by arriage over Jerusalem Road. It has a rocky ocean front, and off the shore is he famous Minot's Ledge lighthouse, a tower of heavy stone with a powerful .ght, built on the rock ; the site of the iron lighthouse which was destroyed with ;s keepers, by a great gale April 16, 1851. Scituate. Established Oct. 4, 1636 ; has a small harbor with bluffs and ■eaches. Near South Scituate is the estate, the original of the " Old Oaken iucket." Samuel Wadsworth, the poet, lived here with his stepfather, whose ame was Worthy, and in 1817 wrote the famous poem. The estate is now wned by one of the family. Marshfield, early Rexhame, but changed to Marshfield, March 1, 1642 ; a uiet shore town and a favorite resort for fishing, yachting and gunning. The ummer home and farm of Daniel Webster, and where he died and was buried. "he Brant Rock House is directly on the beach. Duxbury, Established June 7, 1637, as common land ; one of the oldest Dwns of Plymouth Colony. Here was the home of John Alden, Elder William Irewster, Capt. Miles Standish and many other Pilgrims. On Captain's Hill tands a high, round, stone tower, erected as a memorial to Myles Standish, who ved close to the hill. Plymouth. Settled in 1020 by the Pilgrims who came in the Mayflower. )ne of the most interesting places to visit in New England. The Plymouth teamboat makes a round trip daily from Boston, passing out Boston Harbor, GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 99 along the South Shore to Plymouth. Plymouth is also reached by the Old Colony Railroad at the South Union Station. Plymouth Rock and the original landing place are at the base of Cole's Hill, and a granite canopy stands over the rock. The upper part of the canopy contains the bones of many of the Pilgrims who died during the first winter and were buried at the base of this hill. In the war of the Revolution and the war of |812, fortifications were garrisoned on this hill. Court House. In this building are kept many valuable documents, the patent document and records of the Colony, the will of Myles Standish, etc. Pilgrim Hall. Within this building a large museum of Pilgrim memo- rials and curiosities are kept. burial Hill. Here is the site of the ancient fort which served as a meeting house, and the Pilgrims attended fully armed and equipped for any sudden on- slaught from the savages. The ancient burial ground is kept in excellent condi- tion, and all around may be seen on the old slate tablets, familiar names of the Pilgrims. The National Monument to the Pilgrims was erected in 1888. The total height of the monument is eighty-one feet, designed by Hammatt Billings, and is one of the finest monuments in the world. Plymouth Beach forms the outer protection of the harbor, is more than three and a half miles long and Gurnet Light is about five miles from the rock. Plymouth Woods, a large tract of wild wood west of the town has deer and other animals that are seldom disturbed by the hunter. CITIES AND TOWNS IN THE VICINITY OF BOSTON. Chelsea. Ancient Indian name, Winnisimmet; formerly a part of Boston called Romney Marsh. Incorporated as a town 1738; as a city, March 13, 1857. United States Naval Hospital, built 1827; the grounds contain an area of seven- ty-five acres laid out as a park, bordering on the Mystic River. On Powder Horn Hill, two hundred and twenty feet high, stands the Soldiers' Home, estab- lished by the state of Massachusetts, where three hundred and fifty to four hun- dred veterans of the civil war are maintained. The Fitz Public Library has a large number of books and pamphlets. Maiden. Originally a part of Charlestown ; incorporated as a town 1649; incorporated as a city June ID, 1881. Site of the Old Mill, 1(540; Sandy Bank Landing Place, 1649; Nowell grant, two hundred acres, 1634; Bell Rock, site 100 GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. of first meeting house, 1649 ; site of Joseph Hill's house, 1649 ; old parsonage, built 1724, birthplace of Adoniram Judson ; Dexter place; Washington Elm; Felsmere Park ; Pine Banks, one of the beautiful parks north of Boston ; First Baptist Church; Public library, gift of E. S. Converse, 35,000 books ; Y. M. C. A. building and High School. One of the most prosperous and progressive of Boston's suburbs. Everett. Originally part cf Maiden ; incorporated as a city 1892 ; Saga- more Hill in 1640 ; here lived Winepoyken and his Indians, 1635 ; site of house of John Greenland, 1640 ; Moulton's Island, site of house of Thomas Moulton, 1640 ; site of Maverick's fortified house, 1625 ; Penny Ferry, 1640-1787 ; Van Voorhees mansion, 1804. Woodlawn Cemetery, incorporated 1850, contains one hundred and seventy-six acres. Melrose was part of Maiden ; incorporated as a town May 3, 1850 ; old Up- ham House, built 1703 ; house of Jonathan Lynde, about two hundred years old ; site of first church, 1818; site of first school, 1808; old Howard house, home of Jabez Lynde. Stonehatn was a part of Charlestown. Incorporated Dec. 17, 1725. Medford. Incorporated as a town in 1630 ; incorporated May 31, 1892 as a city ; site of first meeting house in Medford, built 1696; Craddock House, built 1634; Wilson grant, two hundred acres, 1634; Ancient Burying Ground; Old Garrison House, Indian Monument, Jonathan Burt's house, Fountain House, Tufts College, Universalist, on College Hill, with park of one hundred acres ; the Royail Mansion, Medford street, built 1737; Col. Isaac Royall fled to British lines, 1775 ; it was the headquarters of Generals Stark, Lee and Sullivan. Craddock Bridge crosses the Mystic near Medford Square, on the line of Paul Revere's ride. In the town are the great distilleries for the manufacturing of rum. John Brooks, M. D., L. L. D., a Revolutionary soldier and governor of Massachusetts, was a native and resident of the town. Wakefield. Name changed from South Reading, June 30, 1868 ; Old Bury- ing Ground of First Parish Church, in close proximity to Lake Quannapowitt ; Crystal Lake; Castle Rock, two miles from the Centre, on way to Lynn. Ban- croft, Rev. Theodore Parker and Phillips Brooks were natives of the town. A beautiful park has been laid out with drives and handsome planting of trees and shrubbery. Arlington, name changed from West Cambridge, April 30, 1867. Public Library built 1892, cost $150,000 ; 16,000 books. Town hall. Granite monu- ment to two hundred and ninety-five soldiers of the town., who died in 1861-65. Woburn, at first settlement called Charlestown Village; settled 1630; incorporated 1642 ; incorporated as a city 1888. Site of first meeting house built 1646. Site of bell tower. Site of first school house. First burying ground. The home of Benjamin Thompson ( Count Rumford ) and the Loamm GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 101 Baldwin mansion, both at North Woburn. The Winn Library, a handsome building, with a very valuable library, Revolutionary war rolls, art gallery, etc. Soldiers' Monument, 1861-65. Old Flag Tavern built 1827. Horn Pond and the land on its border have been made a park reservation by the city. Saugus. Established Feb. 17, 1815 ; formerly a part of Lynn as West Parish; First church, 1736; Old Cheever house; Old Rowe house; Old Tudor house ; Old Boardman house ; Newburyport turnpike. An iron mine was dis- covered at an early period on the west bank of Saugus River, and in 1645 iron works were established there, the first in New England. Danvers. Incorporated as a district 1752 ; incorporated as a town June 16, 1757. Formerly part of Salem as Salem Village. Settled by Gov. Endicott and his associates in 1628. During the Revolutionary war, four twenty-gun ships and ten privateers were built here. Gen. Israel Putnam, was a native of Danvers. Col. Hutchinson, of the Revolutionary army, was also from this town, and was at Valley Forge and Trenton, in command of a company at seige of Quebec under Wolfe, also at Lake George and Ticonderoga. Gen. Gideon Foster, Capt. Samuel Page and other patriots resided here. As early as June 5, 1774, Gen. Gage came from Boston with two companies of troops from Castle William, and had his headquarters at the mansion of Hon. R. Hooper ; the troops were encamped about the house, but on Sept. 10 all returned to Boston. The town is famous for the witchcraft excitement, which commenced in 1692. Rev. George Burroughs, formerly of Roxbury, pastor of the First Congregational Church of this town in 1680-83 and Rebecca Nurse and others were executed for witchcraft on " Gallow's Hill," Salem. Danversport. Gov. Endicott's house ; Read Porter house ; Page house at square ; Endicott Pear Tree ; the Jacobs house ; Berry Tavern ; Historical So- ciety Rooms and Peabody Institute. Tapleyville. Site of Parris house ; Rebecca Nurse house, Grave and Monu- ment ; King Hooper Collins house and Lexington Monument. Danvers Centre. First Church ; Ingersoll-Peabody house ; General Israel Putnam's birthplace ; Jesse Putnam house ; Old Nichols homestead (now Fern- crop Inn) ; Oak Knoll, a favorite home of Whittier. Putnamville. Rev. Putnam Fowler house, Prince house, Clark house and Benjamin Putnam house. The large asylum for the insane, belonging to the state, is located on a large hill, commanding a beautiful view of the surrounding country, and many well- known places of the first settlers are in view. Peabody, named changed from South Danvers, April 13, 1868. Monument to minutemen stands in the square ; site of Bell Tavern ; ancient cemetery of the town is just over the line in Salem and is where Eliza Wharton is buried ; First Church of Peabody stands in the square ; Peabody Library, gift of George Pea- jOmf i Si ,*.?«' ?c GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 103 body, has a large, valuable library, and here are deposited, in a very large steel safe, the gold framed portrait of Queen Victoria, presented to George Peabody by the Queen, and the medal presented by Congress to him. In the Peabody Institute is the Sutton Reference Library, the gift of Mrs. Eliza Sutton in memory of her son, Eben Dale Sutton. Billerica. Common land settled in 1655. In 1058, 8,000 acres of land was granted to Billerica. Site of old Danforth Garrison House, 1676, River Street; Unitarian Church, 1697, organized 1663; South Burying Ground, Bedford Street; Jacquith Garrison House ; soldiers' monument ; site of Amos Adams place, standing 1775, a place of concealment for Samuel Adams and John Hancock, who were sought by the British in April, 1775. Asa Pollard House and Boulder; he was the first man killed at battle of Bunker Hill. John Rogers Farm, 1695, scene of Indian Massacre ; tablet on Memorial Hall. Burlington. Incorporated as a town 1799 ; site of old Sewall House, built 1750, place of refuge of Samuel Adams and John Hancock in 1775, and burned April, 1897. Lexington, March 20, 1713; the north precinct of Cambridge. On the Common stands a monument marking the site of the three meeting houses in Lexington. A few rods north of the monument is a large boulder, placed to mark the line of the minutemen. Facing the Common is the Jonathan Harring- ton house ; he was in Captain Parker's company and fell mortally wounded at the first fire of the British soldiers. He got to the door of his home, but fell dead at his wife's feet. The Soldiers' Monument on the Common, probably the oldest monument erected to commemorate the battles of the Revolution, was erected by the State of Massachusetts in 1799. In front of this monument Lafayette was welcomed to Lexington. On the opposite side of the Common is the site of the Munroe house, built 1729, occupied at the time of the battle by Marrett Munroe. A stone cannon marks the spot occupied by a British field piece April 19, 1775. Munroe Tavern occupied by Earl Percy as headquarters, April 19, 1775; Washington dined here on his visit to Lexington, November, 1789; Benjamin Wellington Tablet; Old Clark house, where Adams and Hancock were awakened by Paul Revere on morning of April 19, 1775 ; Fiske house, (Dr. Joseph Fiske oc- cupied at time of battle, 1732) on Hancock Street; Sanderson house; Buck- man Tavern, the rallying place of the minutemen on the night of April 18; con- tains many bullet holes made by the British soldiers ; Town Hall ; Cary Library ; High School building. Winchester, incorporated April 30, 1850, made up of parts of Medford, West Cambridge and Woburn. A wealthy and prosperous town. Concord, Sept. 3, 1635, a plantation at Musketequid. The Old North Bridge was the scene of the Concord fight. On one side are the graves of the Geo. II. Walker & Co., Boston. Minute-Man Statue, Concord. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 105 slain British and the old monument, on the other side a large statute of the min uteman. Sleepy Hollow Cemetery has the graves of Hawthorne, Emerson, A. Bronson Alcott, Louisa May Alcott, Thoreau, Elisha Mulford, and other well known people of the town. The Hill Burying Ground; Concord Antiquarian Society, has a large amount of curiosities and valuable relics of the past history of Concord; the Public Library has 26,000 books; Wright's Tavern ; the Old Manse, near North Bridge, dates from 1765, and was Hawthorne's home for four years ; Ralph Waldo Emerson's house, in which he dwelt from 1835 to his death in 1883, is at the junction of the Old Boston and Lexington roads ; the Wayside House, on the Lexington road was, in 1852-53 and 1860-64, the home of Hawthorne ; the Alcotts lived in the house adjacent ; a cairn as large as a haycock, on the shore of Walden Pond, marks the site of the famous hut of Thoreau. The Massachusetts State Reformatory was built in 1877. Somerville was a part of Charlestown. Town incorporated March 3, 1842; incorporated as a city 1871. Old Powder House in West Somerville was an old mill built by John Mallett on a site purchased in 1703-04 and was deeded in 1747 to the Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England, and old mill used for a powder house for many years. The land surrounding the house is laid out as a public park. On Sept. 1, 1774, General Gage seized two hundred and fifty half barrels of gun powder stored within. In 1775 it became the magazine of the American army beseiging Boston. Central Hill, a redoubt erected here, and armed with four 8-inch seige guns, erected in 1885 by the city, and is with- in the lines of the French redoubt which was thrown up by the American troops under Gen. Israel Putnam immediately after the Battle of Bunker Hill, and became part of the beseiging lines of Boston, 1775-76. The guns were do- nated by Congress. Part of the Revolutionary parapet is included in this redoubt. Winter Hill, one hundred and twenty-four feet high ; here the captured army of Gen. Burgoyne were encamped for some months before exchanged. Gen. Greene's headquarters ; site of old Winter Hill Fort ; Old Royal House Public Library ; High School. Brookline, anciently known as " Muddy River," belonged to Boston, but was set off and incorporated as a town Nov. 13, 1705. Western Avenue was opened from Boston to Brookline July 21, 1821, with great ceremony. Brookline is the residential section of many of Boston's most prosperous business men. It has long had the reputation of being the wealthiest town for its population in the United States, if not in the world. A drive through this beautiful suburb to view its many palatial residences is one of the most pleasing features of a stranger's visit to Boston. To give some idea of the town's wealth, the following statistics may be of interest: Receipts for year ending Feb. 15, 1899, $1,631,245.28; payments, Geo. H. Walker & Co., Boston OivD EiVm. Hull, who surrendered Detroit, since 1854 the residence of Gov. Wm. "laflin. Lassell Seminary, Auburndale, for women, occupies eight acres of fine and; founded in 1851. Norumbega Park, on the banks of the Charles River, has been laid out as a Measure ground and is fitted up with a large, open air theatre, boat house, elec- ric fountain, deer park, restaurant, etc., by the Commonwealth Avenue Street Railway Company of Newton. Newton Lower Falls. St. Mary's Episcopal Church, with the burying ground idjoining. The Falls of the Charles River here have been utilized by paper mills since 1790. Echo Bridge, near the falls, is a granite aqueduct five hundred feet long, whose central arch crossing the Charles River has a span of one hun- dred and thirty feet. It is included in the Hemlock Gorge Reservation, where the river flows in rapids through a romantic and wild country. Newtonville. Central Congregational Church, Walnut Street; Methodist Episcopal Church and Newton High School. Newton Highlands. Congregational Church. The Farlow Estate, the homestead of John S. Farlow, the donor of Farlow Park to the city of Newton, is a beautiful tract of land of forty acres in one of the choicest sections of Newton. Its elevation is two hundred and fifty feet and it commands the extended view from the dome of the State House to Mt. Mo- nadnock, and yet it is but a few minutes' walk to electric and steam roads. The old name was Nonantum Hill, from the Indian chief. It was in the beauti- ful valley to the south that Eliot taught the Indians, and the spot is appropri- ately marked by the Eliot Memorial. But even such homesteads have to give way to the requirements of modern improvements, and the hill has recently been sold to a syndicate of Newton gentlemen, represented by the local real estate firm of Wiley S. and Frank Edmunds, who have charge of its sale and develop- ment, as well as of several other tracts in the various parts of Newton. Their lists comprise the choicest of improved real estate on the market, including the fine old estates and the newer residential properties on the line of Common- wealth Avenue Boulevard and elsewhere. With their local offices at New. on GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. HI „d Newton Centre, in connection with the Boston office, they have superior unities for the development and sale of choice property. Centre Street Burying Ground is the oldest ground m Newton. The firs. tiers' remains were buried here and a large granite monument stands m he idest portion of the ground, with the names of the first settlers cu m Ae tone Directly in front of the burying ground once stood the First Parish lurch The ancient tombs and gravestones have an interesting record in the uaint epitaphs of those who were prominent in the town in days gon< >by and he rank, of captain, lieutenant and ensign appear frequently on the odes tone, denoting their services in the early Indian wars, and the epitaphs of a later eriod give the rank of those who served in the French and Indian war and the Solution. Here were buried Mai. Gen. Wm. Hull, Brig Oe, « ac on with his sons, officers of the Revolutionary army, Rev John Eliot, A. Z son of the Apostle John Eliot; the pastor of the firs, church m Newton was )uried here in 1668. , . . , Walnut Street Cemetery, on Walnut Street, is a hue, modern ground, laid » on the landscape plan, and contains a large number of ^Jf* ™™£ Newton Lower Falls Ancient Burying Ground is the fourth oldest yai 1 in Newt, n, and several soldiers of the Revolutionary war are buried here. West Newton Burying Ground, on River Street, is the second oldest ground n Newton. Lieut. Col. Nathaniel Fuller and other soldiers of the Revolution arG Newtn e Highlands Burying Ground has a large number of Revolutionary soldiers buried in the tombs and ground. Wellesley, formerly part of Needham, incorporated as a town April to, 1881. Site of First Schoolhouse, built 1728; site of Bullard Tavern ; old Ind.au settle- m „. near Lake Waban ; site of Jere Ware's house, first house „ JMU.ley tCoh burn house, 1770; fireproof Town Hall ; Free Library, the gift of H.N.Hunne- well ■ the beautiful estate of H. N. Hunnewell. f Wellesley College, for women, has three hundred acres of fine land hand- somely laid out on Lake Waban; large buildings, including a library building with 5,500 books. „, Needham, formerly part of Dorchester; incorporated Nov 5 1771, as a town- site of First Church, 1712, and First Burying Ground; site of Old Mill, 75-' Fuller house, built 1700; Fuller house, built 1730; Old Fisher house, house bud. 1730, si.e of Firs. Tavern; site of Mcintosh house, bu.lt prior to 1TO; Old Powder House ; house built 1720 and occupied by ministers of Hist ChU ^r!°1St of Needham, incorporated as a town July 7, 1784. Hunting grounds of the Indians, located by the Apostle Eliot ; site of wigwams of the GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON'. 113 owisset Indians ; site of First Schoolhouse ; site of First Church ; site of 'owder House, built 1800; farm settled by Henry Wilson, 1G40. Natick. Common land. April 16, 1679, incorporated as a town. On the ommon a monument to the soldiers of the Civil war, with brass seige guns lounted on gun carriages ; Morse Institute library opposite the Common; ndian Burying Ground ; site of Eliot's Church at South Natick, with old Bury- lg Ground adjoining. Here John Eliot founded the Indian Village in 1650, and ere he did a great deal of his work of translating the Bible to the Indian mguage. A monument to Eliot's memory stands near the old oak under which e preached. Eliot Church, the successor of the Eliot Church at South Xatick, tands opposite the Common in Xatick Centre. In this church is preserved the ncient record of the members, with the Indian members as well ; house of \ "ice 'resident Henry Wilson. Sherborn. Common land. Incorporated as a town Oct. 7, 1674. The old r irst Church ; three oldest burying grounds ; State Reformatory for Women. Holliston was part of Sherborn, incorporated Dec. 3, 1724. Old Cemetery, 650, and Soldiers' Monument. Weston, west precinct of Watertown, Jan 1, 1712. Three old burying grounds ; Xorumbega Tower, built of gray stone, commemorates the discovery, m this spot, of relics of the followers of lief Ericsson and Thorwald, the Xorse- nan, who founded a colony of Xorumbega about the year 1000. Riverside Recreation Grounds, containing in area of forty acres, on the banks )f the Charles River, devoted to athletic sports, games, bathing, boating, etc. The Boston Athletic Association grounds are also located on the adjoining property. Belmont. Incorporated March 18, 1859. In Waverly are the large build- ngs with extensive grounds of the McLean Asylum for the Insane and the Massachusetts General Hospital's Convalescents' Home. Within a short dis- ance is the Waverly Oaks Reservation. Waltham. Part of Watertown, originally. Incorporated as a town Jan. 4, .738. Old Brown house, built 1724, the oldest house standing in Waltham; ite of the first dwellings in Watertown erected 1635 ; site of old Massasoit house; ite of Bemis Tavern ; house of Gen. X. P. Banks ; old Stone Schoolhouse; birthplace of Gen. X. P. Banks ; old Farmhouse ; Mt. Feake Cemetery ; Old Jurying Ground; Prospect Hill Park, hill four hundred and eighty-two feet ugh; Public Library, 28,000 volumes; Waltham Watch Factory. Watertown. One of the earliest towns of Massachusetts. The old Jurying Ground; Public Library, 30,000 volumes ; United States Arsenal has :xtensive grounds on the banks of the Charles River, large factories, foundries, Jid barracks for troops ; gun carriages of the latest pattern are made here. Sudbury. The new plantation by Concord. Incorporated Sept. 14, 163!); .'apt. Samuel Wadsworth of Milton, Lieut. Sharp of Brookline, and Capt. Brock- 114 OITDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. lebank of Rowley, and twenty-six other soldiers slain by the Indians, April 18, L676, near the site of the monument ; First Church ; First Burying Ground, ad- joining the church, where a large number of Revolutionary soldiers are buried. Wayside Inn, South Sudbury. The Red Horse or Howe Tavern, made famous by Longfellow's " Tales of a Wayside Inn," was built in 1683, by David Howe, and kept as a tavern by four generations of his family until 1860, when it was closed on account of the death of Squire Lyman Howe, who died 1859, and until recently occupied as a private house. Among the many famous persons who have been entertained here, are General Washington, the Marquis de Lafayette, Judge Sewall, Mme. Knight, H. W. Longfellow, Luigi Monti, General Burgoyne, Ole Bull and James T. Fields. The house is twenty-two miles from Boston, on the Central Massachusetts division of the Boston & Maine Railroad, one and one-half miles from Wayside Inn station, two and one-half miles from South Sudbury. Edward R. Lemon has opened the house as an inn, and it is now furnished throughout with rare, antique furniture, and is open for guests. Milton. Part of Dorchester called Uncataquissett. May 7, 1662, estab- lished as Milton. Milton Cemetery, one of the best cemeteries in the state. The oldest burying place in the town is a part of this cemetery ; Gov. Hutchin- son's House, 1775 ; House where Suffolk Resolves were adopted Sept. 9, 1774 ; the Public Library ; Town Hall ; First Church ; Walter Baker's Chocolate Mills at Lower Mills, on the Neponset River; Milton Academy. Milton Park, a new residential district bounded by Blue Hills Parkway, Houston Avenue, Dyer Road, and Thacher Street, contains one hundred and eighty house lots with an area of 5,000 square feet. The park is a part of the old Peter Thacher farm, and occupied by him when first pastor of Milton. Thomas Vose sold, June 20, 1684, to Peter Thacher, twenty-three acres of land, and April 19, 1717, Henry Vose sold to Susanna Thacher (wife of Peter), eighty-seven acres of land, also a swamp, all being on " Providence Plain," now known as " Thacher Plain." Rev. Peter Thacher's remains were buried in the Milton Cemetery. A reservation of land, twenty by thirty feet in area, on Dyer Road, near the junction of Warren Avenue, is the site of the cellar of the old Thacher home- stead. From the bottom of this cellar grew a large elm tree, now over two feet in diameter. The tree will be preserved, and the door stone of the old house will be used as a base for a bronze tablet in memory of Mr. Thacher. The plot will be inclosed with a granite curbing. A suitable lot has been reserved in the park for a memorial church to Rev. Peter Thacher. This valuable property has been developed by J. B. L. Bartlett, of 85 Water Street, Boston. Quincy. Part of Braintree established as Quincy, with part of that por- tion of Dorchester called " Squantum and the Farms." Incorporated as a town GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 115 ib. 1*, 1702. At Independence Avenue and Franklin Streets, South Quincy, is e birthplace of John Quincy Adams, built 1700, and John Adams lived there; :arby is the larger house where John Adams was born ; John Hancock's birth- ace is near the site, being where the library stands ; Peter Butler house, noted the residence of the Black, Greenleaf and Butler families of Quincy ; Adams cademy, founded 1823, by gift of President John Adams; First Church, burial ace of John and John Q. Adams ; First Burying Ground ; Abigail Adams onument ; a cairn on Payne's Hill marks the spot where Abigail Adams itched the battle of Bunker Hill ; St. Paul's Church Quarry, first quarry United States; First Railroad in the United States at the quarries ; Thomas •ane Public Library, a granite building, cost $50,000, has 20,000 books; erry Mount Park has sixty-five acres of oaks and hemlocks; a granite tablet the harbor cliff of Squantum, shows where Myles Standish landed. Braintree. Land belonged to Boston, called Mount Wollaston. Estab- hed May 13, 1640. Site of First Iron Works in United States; First Church, 06 ; Old Bates house ; Dr. Storr's house ; site of Old Hay ward house ; First trying Ground ; Thayer Academy, established from fund of $200,000 donated General Sylvanus Thayer of the United States army, at South Braintree. Hyde Park. Parts of Dedham, Dorchester and Milton. Incorporated as yde Park April 22, 1868; Fairview Cemetery. Dedham. Common land. Established Sept. 8, 1636. Old Fairbanks house, 36, now in charge of the Daughters of the Revolution ; site of Abraham Shaw's ill, 1630; Old Indian Ford; County Court House; Dedham Historical Society lilding and Library, has a large collection of relics relating to Dedham history; iblic Library; Old Powder House and Powder House Rock, building erected th century ; Memorial Hall, erected 1867, in memory of the soldiers who died 61-65, from Dedham. Canton. Part of Stoughton. Incorporated Feb. 23, 1707. First Church ; rst Burying Ground, adjoining the church, Indian chiefs buried here ; new ad- don to old ground laid out on landscape plan, and a monument erected to m. Gridley, Revolutionary army, under which his remains are buried; opposite site of Nathaniel May Tavern, where the patriots under Gridley assembled; d Fenno house, built 1704 ; Revere Copper Works ; Silk Factory ; site of old Inky Church, and old Burying Ground in the rear. Bridgewater. Part of Duxbury called New Plantation. Established as idgewater, June 3, 1656. Hugh Orr erected a trip hammer on Hatfield River, d in 1748 made five hundred muskets, the first turned out in America for the ovince of Massachusetts. In the Revolution he made many brass and iron nnon and cannon balls for the Continental army ; Old Cemetery ; Public Li- ary ; Memorial Hall, near Central Square. IK. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. GOVERNORS AND LIEUTENANT GOVERNORS IN MASSACHUSETTS. Governors of Plymouth Colony chosen annually by the People, 1620, Nov. 11, John Carver. 1621, April, William Bradford. 1633, Jan. 1, Edward Winslow. 1634, March 27, Thomas Prence. 1635, March 3, William Bradford. 1636, March 1, Edward Winslow. 1637, March 7, William Bradford. 1638, June 5, Thomas Prence. 1639, June 3, William Bradford. 1644, June 5, Edward Winslow. 1645, June 4, William Bradford. 1657, June 3, Thomas Prence. 1673, June 3, Josiah Winslow. 1680, Dec. 18, Thomas Hinckley* Deputy Governors of Plymouth Colony. 1680, Thomas Hinckley. t 1681, James Cudworth. 1682-86, William Bradford. 1689-92, William Bradford. Governors of Massachusetts chosen annually under the First Charter. 1629, April 30, John Endicott.+ 1630, Oct. 20, John Winthrop.t 1634, May 14, Thomas Dudley 1635, May 6, John Haynes. 1636, May 25, Henry Vane. 1637, May 17, John Winthrop. 1640, May 13, Thomas Dudley. 1641, June 2, Richard Bellingham. 1642, May 18, John Winthrop. 1644, May 29, John Endicott. 1645, May 14, Thomas Dudley. 1646, May 6, John Winthrop. 1649, May 2, John Endicott. 1650, May 22, Thomas Dudley. 1651, May 7, John Endicott. 1654, May 3, Richard Bellingham. 1655, May 23, John Endicott. 1665, May 3, Richard Bellingham. 1672, Dec. 12, John Leverett (acting 1673, May 3, John Leverett. 1679-86, May 28, Simon Bradstreet. *Mr. Hinckley was governor till the union of the colonies in 1692, except during the admin istration of Andros. t Previously there was no deputy governor, a governor pro tern being appointed by the gov p.rnor to serve in his absence. •I'.v the Royal Charter, which passed the seals March 4, 1028-29, Matthew Cradock was ap pointed the first govornor and Thomas Goffe deputy governor, both of whom had held the same of fices before the charter was granted. On the 13th of the following May, the same persons wen rechosen under the charter, but they never came to New England. On the 20th of October, 1029 John Winthrop was chosen governor and John Humphrey, deputy governor. On the 30th of April 1029, John Endicott was chosen in London to be governor of the Plantation in New England, am held the office until the arrival of the governor (Winthrop) in 1030. GUIDE TO .METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 117 Deputy Governors of Massachusetts* 129-34, ^4-35, fe5-36, 186- 37, 67-40, 340-41, 541-44, £4-46, J46-50, $50—51 , Thomas Dudley.* Roger Ludlow. Richard Bellingham. John Winthrop. Thomas Dudley. Richard Bellingham. John Endicott. John Winthrop. Thomas Dudley. John Endicott. 1651—53, Thomas Dudley. 1653-54, Richard Bellingham. 1654-55, John Endicott. 1655-65, Richard Bellingham. 1665-71, Francis Willoughby. 1671-73, John Leverett. 1673 to Oct. 1678, Samuel Symonds. 1678 to Oct. 1679, Simon Bradstreet. 1679-86, Thomas Danforth. After the Dissolution of the First Charter* Simon Bradstreet was governor from May 24, 1689, to May 14, 1692, and nomas Danforth was deputy governor during the same time. rovernors of Massachusetts Second 592, May 14, Sir William Phipps S94, Nov. 17, William Stoughton.f J99, May 26, Richard Coote, Earl of Bellomont. rOO, July, William Stoughton.f 101, July 7, The Council. f02, June 11, Joseph Dudley. ri4, Feb. 13, The Council. '14, March 15, Joseph Dudley. rio, Nov. 9, William Tailer.f J 116, Oct. 4, Samuel Shute. r22, Dec. 27, William Dummer.f '28, July 13, William Burnet. F29, Sept. 7, William Dummer.t Appointed by the King under Charter* 1730, June 30, William Tailer.f 1730, Aug. 8, Jonathan Belcher. 1741, Aug. 17, William Shirley. 1749, Sept. 11, Spencer Phips.f 1753, Aug. 7, William Shirley. 1756, Sept. 25, Spencer Phips.f 1757, April 4, The Council. 1757, Aug. 3, Thomas Pownal. 1760, June 3, Thomas Hutchinson.f 1760, Aug. 1, Sir Francis Bernard, Bart. 1769, Aug. 1, Thomas Hutchinson.f 1771, March, Thomas Hutchinson. 1774, May 13, Thomas Gage. *Thomas Goffe, the first deputy governor, never came to New England. John Humphrey is elected, but did not serve. Note —May 25, 1686, Joseph Dudley assumed the office of President under a commission of ing James II, and, with a council, had jurisdiction over the king's dominion of New England, lis office he held till Dec. 20, the same year, when Sir Edmund Andros appeared as governor of ew England, appointed by James II. April 20, 1080, Governor Andros was deposed by a revo- tion of the people. tThose who have a dagger were acting governors. Jin November, 1715, Elizeus Burgess was proclaimed governor, he having haa the appointment March, 1714, but he never came over to perform his duties and resigned 1710. 118 GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. Lieutenant Governors in Massachusetts. 1602 to July 1701, William Stoughton. 1702-06, Thomas Povey. 1705, Jan. 6, to Oct. 1711, vacancy. 1711, William Tailer. 1716, William Dummer. 1730, William Tailer. 1733, Spencer Phips. 1758, Thomas Hutchinson. 1771, Andrew Oliver. 1774, Thomas Oliver. Under the Constitution* 1774, Oct., A Provincial Congress. 1775, July, The Council. Governors of Massachusetts under the Constitution* 1780-85, John Hancock. 1785-87, James Bowdoin. 1787-93, John Hancock. 1794-97, Samuel Adams. 1797 to June 7, 1799, Increase Sumner. 1800-07, Caleb Strong. 1807 to Dec. 10, 1808, James Sullivan. 1809-10, Christopher Gore. 1810-12, Elbridge Gerry. 1812-16, Caleb Strong. 1816-23, John Brooks. 1823 to Feb. 6, 1825, William Eustis. 1825-34, Levi Lincoln. 1834 to March 1, 1835, John Davis. 1876-40, Edward Everett. 1840-41, Marcus Morton. 1841-43, John Davis. 1843-44, Marcus Morton. 1844-51, George N. Briggs. 1851-53, George S. Boutwell. 1853-54, John H. Clifford. 1854-55, Emory Washburn. 1855-58, Henry J. Gardner. 1858-61, Nathaniel P. Banks. 1861-66, John A. Andrew. 1866-69, Alexander H. Bullock. 1869-72, William Claflin. 1872-74, William B. Washburn.** 1875-76, William Gaston. 1876-79, Alexander H. Rice. 1879-80, Thomas Talbot. 1880-83, John Davis Long. 1883-84, Benjamin F. Butler. 1884-87, George D. Robinson, 1887-90, Oliver Ames. 1890-91, John Q. A. Brackett. 1891-94, William E. Russell. 1894-96, Frederic T. Greenhalge.f 1897, Roger Wolcott. **Resigned May 1, 1*74. Chosen United States Senator, April 17, 1874. tMr. Greenhalge died March 5, 1896. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 119 Lieutenant Governors of Massachusetts* 1780 to Feb. 28, 1788, Thomas dish- ing. W88-89, Benjamin Lincoln. 1789-94, Samuel Adams.! 1704 to May 20, 1800, Moses Gill.§ { 1801 to Feb. 10, 1802, Samuel Phillips. 1802-06, Edward IT. Robbins. 1807-09, Levi Lincoln. || J 1800-10, David Cobb. 1810-12, William Gray. 1812-28, William Phillips. 1823 to Feb. 1824, Levi Lincoln. fe24 to July 1825, Marcus Morton. J ■B26-33, Thomas L. Winthrop. 1S33-36, Samuel T. Armstrong.:}: |B36-43, George Hull. p43-44, Henry II. Childs. 1844-51, John Reed. 1861-53, Henry W. Cushman. 1853-54, Elisha Huntington. 1854-55, William C. Plunkett. 1855—56, Simon Brown. 1856-58, Henry W. Benehley. 1858-61, Eliphalet Trask. 1861 to March, 20, 1861, John Z. Good- rich. 1862 to Sept. 1862, John Nesmith. 1863-66, Joel Hayden. 1866-60, William Claflin. 1869-73, Joseph Tucker. 1873-75, Thomas Talbot. J ^[ 1875-70, Horatio G. Knight. 1879-80, John D. Long. 1880-83, Byron Weston. 1883-87, Oliver Ames. 1887-90, John Q. A. Brackett. 1890-93, William H. Haile. 1893-97, Roger Wolcott .** 1897, W. Murray Crane. JThe lieutenant governors who were acting governors, also, during the vacancies in the office oi governor. §Mr. Gill died on the 20th of May, 1800, and the commonwealth, for the first time under the institution, was without a governor and lieutenant governor. The council, Hon. Thomas Dawes president, officiated till the 30th of the month, when Caleb Strong was inaugurated governor. |]General William Heath was elected in 1S06, and declined to accept the office. If Acting governor from May 1, 1*74. **Acting governor from March 5, 1890. The League of American Wheelmen is an organization to promote the general interests of cycling and to protect and assure the rights of wheelmen It endeavors to facilitate touring and to advance the happiness of wheelmen on pleasure bent. By its advocacy of good roads, and through its eliorts, millions of dollars have been spent throughout the United States towards securing im- provement in the condition of the highways. It has caused the erection of thousands of guide-boards, danger signs and free pumps for the safety and utility of travellers. It has prosecuted cycle thieves and other violators of the law, and has obtained legislation in many states, by which the rights of cyclists have been ascertained and defended. In short, the League of American Wheel- 120 GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. men stands for all that is best and broadest in our national affairs, and insures to the wheelmen their just rights and equality under the law. It costs $2 to join the L. A. W., and $1 for renewal, and for this amount numerous advantages are given. For information write Abbot Bassett, secretary, Russia Bldg., 530 Atlantic Ave., Boston. The Massachusetts Division, League of American Wheelmen has been especially active and has been responsible for the passage of a law con- stituting a highway commission for the construction and maintenance of good roads as well as a law requiring the erection of guide-boards on all highways in the state. Members of the Massachusetts Division are afforded these particular advantages : a new road-book, with accompanying maps, complete and perfect in every detail, and conceded to be one of the best ever issued, is given free to all members, reduced rates at official hotels and repair shops, and periodical meets where members are afforded much enjoyment at little or no expense. The National Meet of the L. A. W. held in Boston, Aug. 14-19, 1809. Every wheelman and wheelwoman should join at once. You can correspond and answer will be immediately returned by Aaron Wolfson, secretary-treasurer, Russia Bldg., 530 Atlantic Ave., Boston. Armstrong's Railway Dining and News Rooms, established at pas- senger stations on the Boston & Albany Railroad and its branches, the Central Passenger Station at Taunton on the N. Y., N. H. & H. R.R., Boston & Maine on Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western and all other divisions, Fitchburg Railroad and its branches, Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad. The large dining room of the Union Station, Boston, seats one hundred and thirty people, and like all the dining rooms that belong to the Armstrong system, is furnished i' 1 the best manner, and fully equipped for serving the public with best quality of food at short notice. The Archway Book Store has for more than thirty years been one of the landmarks of Boston. Here may be found a large assortment of all the new and popular books of the day, by standard authors in sets and single volumes and in all styles of bindings. One of the specialties of this store is " remainders of editions." Second-hand books are also a feature, and some rare bargains in this line are always to be found on the counters. A visit to this store will well repay every one interested in books. The Old Corner Bookstore, 283 Washington Street, corner School Street. Carter (Richard B. ) & Hendee (Charles J.) occupied this store from 1828 to L833. They were succeeded by Allen (John) & Ticknor ( William D.) in 1833. From 1837 to 1844, William D. Ticknor alone occupied the store, and subse- quently with his partners, John Reed, Jr. and James T. Fields, until the fall of L865, when, the senior partner having died, the new firm of Ticknor (Howard M.) & Fields ( James T. ) removed to Tremont Street. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 121 E. P. Dutton & Co. removed from the opposite side of the street to the old I tore, and on the first of September, 1869, were succeeded by Alexander I Yilliams under the firm name of A. Williams & Co., who soon associated with I imself as partners, Charles L. Damrell, H. M. Upham and J. G. Cupples. Mr. .Yilliams, in April, 1883, disposed of his interest to his associates who continued he business under the firm name of Cupples, Upham & Co. In April, 1887, .Ir. Cupples disposed of his interest to Charles L. Damrell and Henry M. Jpham, under the firm name of Damrell & Upham. Mr. Damrell died March 'S, 1896, and Mr. Upham purchased his interest and became the sole proprietor mder the firm name of Damrell & Upham. Here may be found a carefully elected stock of the latest editions of standard books, in fine bindings, illus- rated works, medical, scientific and agricultural books, English and American uveniles, bibles, prayer books, hymnals and all church publications, atlases, maps ,nd globes. Receive subscriptions for American and foreign magazines and lewspapers. The W. B. Clarke Co., booksellers, stationers and engravers, Park Street, :orner of Tremont Street. The business conducted by the W. B. Clarke Co. vas established a quarter of a century ago and has long been one of the mcst prominent enterprises of the kind in the city. The firm are booksellers, sta- .ioners and engravers, and their store, under Park Street Church, is the recognized leadquarters for American and foreign publications, as the stock of books is not mly very large but is sure to include all the latest issues of leading publishing louses, as well as an exceptionally complete assortment of standard works in all .•arieties of binding. Particular attention is given to the buying and selling of ibraries, and there is no house in the country that offers more genuine bargains. Single subscriptions to leading periodicals are received at club rates and special ;ombination prices are made for magazines at retail. All standard books can be obtained here at the very lowest prices. The assortment of stationary is very :o:uplete, but a specialty is made of the highest grade stationary for social :orrespondence, and goods bought from the W. B. Clarke Co. are not only correct in style but absolutely first-class in every detail of quality. A specialty is made of fine engraving, and no better work in the way of cards, invitations, etc., is done in all New England, while the facilities are such as to enable the firm to fill orders at very short notice, and to quote as low prices as can be named on work of equal merit. One of the most popular stores in Boston is the stationary store of M. R. Warren Company, at 330 Washington Street; they are the leading law sta- tioners in Massachusetts beside doing a large bank, railroad and commercial business, and are also up to date on fancy stationary, wedding invitations, ad- dress cards, etc. ; they carry a large stock of miscellaneous stationary and blank books and manufacture to order. It will repay you to call. GEO. H. WALKER & CO. Lithographers, Publishers, Engravers, Printers. ....SEND FOR ESTIMATES.... Maps, Plans and Old Documents Reproduced by Special Process. letterheads, Billheads, Envelopes and Cards Engraved and Printed Books, Catalogues and Circulars Printed. Colored Advertising Cards, Posters and Theatrical Lithographs Designed and Reproduced in any quantity. Half-Tone and Process Plates at Lowest Prices. GEO. H. WALKER & CO., 1 60 Tremont Street, Opp. Boston Common. BOSTON, MASS. Geo. II. Walker & Co., Boston. WASHINGTON STRKET. vlacullar Parker Company, 398 and 400 Washington Street, Call the attention of gentlemen who desire the best clothes — whether ready to put on or to be made to measure — to the fact that they manufacture their clothing - in clean, well-lighted workrooms on the premises. Only the most reliable fabrics are used, the garments are thoroughly made and in prevailing fashions, and prices are on a fair basis for first-class productions. Young Men's and Boys' Garments are made with the same degree of care as the Men's work, and for the ''little folks" our stock of juvenile garments is always attractive. Strangers visiting Boston, as well as our own citizens, are cordially invited to inspect our workshops at any time during business hours. Macullar Parker Company, 398 and 400 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts. RIVERSIDE STATION. END OF NEWTON BOULEVARD. Pigeon Hill House, EVERGREEN AVENUE, AUBURNDALE, MASS. E. E. MARDEN, Proprietor. This hotel is situated on high ground overlooking the famous Charles River. Ten acres of grounds surround the house, affording imple shade, tennis, croquet, etc., opposite Newton Boat and Boston Athletic Clubs, Riverside Recreation Grounds, and within three min- utes' walk of Norumbega Park. Among the attractions offered as a summer resort the following may be mentioned : Beautiful drives, fine roads for wheeling, canoe- ing, etc. The concert and illumination of the river and canoes given by the Newton Boat Club Saturday evenings is a very attractive feature. The hotel is but two minutes' walk from Riverside Station, and with a service of fifty trains daily, only twenty-five minutes' ride from Boston, it makes it especially desirable for business men, clerks and others. Private dining rooms overlooking the river, and special rooms for club parties. As a resort for select wheeling parties the Pigeon Hill House has no superior. Canoes furnished at hotel. Mr. Marden was for years connected with Mr. Joseph Lee at the Woodland Park Hotel, Auburndale, and the table and service will be strictly first-class. American and European plans. Stable accommo- dations. For terms, etc., apply to PIGEON HILL HOUSE, Auburndale, Mass. Telephone, West Newton. (L. A. W. Hotel.) T SEE BOSTON J ^lf ...INTELLIGENTLY WITH... 4sJ^ £ F. A. Waterman ^ I Tl Boston Guide 1 * ... 4 t Parties Leave at 9*30 and 2.30, Front of 2 %^ Park Street Church, Boston. ^^ ^T ^fc ^t ^t 4^ ^b?lf PERSONALLY CONDUCTED BY MR. WATERMAN ^ X^ e SEEING INTERESTING AND HISTORIC PLACES ^ X THREE HOURS' TRIP, FIFTY CENTS 3r Aa SPECIAL RATES TO PRIVATE PARTIES s JL. JLx "^ •* •** i3| X> THESE TRIPS SAVE TIME, LABOR and MONEY A V *x flTJ^J ^^ « ^^ ^^ ^K ^K ^§K ^#* ^N ^^ ^k J£_^fc GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 129 LIST OF CONTENTS. Academy of Arts and Sciences 51 Adams, Hon. Charles Francis _ 39 Adams, President John CJuincy 37-39 Adams, Samuel 15-37 Adams Statue 23 Advertiser 19 Algonquin Club 4'.) American House 23 Andros, Sir Edmund 13 Apple Island 75 Apollo Club 37 Arborway 71 Arlington 100 Arlington St. Church 43 Army and Navy Monument 35 Arnold Arboretum 71 Arsenal Street Bridge 57 Artillery Company 9-11-13 Ashland Reservoir 84 Aspinwall's Wharf 19 Back Bay District 41 Baldwin Place Church 27 Barricado 17 Bass Point 91 Battery Wharf 19 Beacon, The 30 Beacon Hill 29 Beaver Brook 81 Bellevue Hill 81 Bellevue Hotel 35 Belmont 113 Bellingham-Faneuil Estate 22 Benevolent Fraternity of Churches 45 Berkeley Temple 53 Beverly 95 Billerica 103 Billing's Field 73 Blue Hill Ave., Bridge 57 Blue Hills Reservation 79 Blackstone, Rev. Wm 31 Blake House 66 Boston Art Club 43 Boston & Albany R. R 89 Boston Athenaeum 30 Boston Athletic Association 49 Boston Base Ball Grounds 61 Boston College 56 Boston Dispensary 53 Boston Early Historv 5-6-7 Boston & Fitchburg'R. R 89 Boston Harbor 73-75-76 Boston Library 39 Boston Light- 75 Boston & Maine R. R 87-89 Boston Medical Library 39 Boston & Revere Beach R. R 57 Boston & Revere Beach R. R. Ferry 57 Boston Stone 25 Boston Theatre 39 Boston University 30 Botanic Garden 108 Boylston Market 39 Brain tree 115 Branch Public Library (Charlestown) 63 Brattle Square Church 23 Brewer Monument 37 Bridgewater 115 Brighton 67 British Coffee House 11 Bromfield House 35 Bromfield St. M. E. Church 35 Broadway Bridge 57 Brook Farm. 64 Brookline 105 Brunswick, (Hotel) 45 Bug Light 75 Bunch of Grapes Tavern 11 Bunker Hill Monument '• 61 Burlington 103 Cadets, First Corps of 51 Cambridge 107 Cambridge St. Bridge 57 Camp, Seige of Boston 56 Canton 115 Carney Hospital 67 Castle Island 71-73-75 Castle Square Theatre 55 Cedar Grove Cemetery 66 Central Ave. Bridge. 57 Central Burying Ground 37 Central Church 45 Central Wharf 17 Charlesbank 69 Charles River Bridge 57 Charles River Reservation 83 Charlestown 61 Charlestown Heights 73 Charlestown Playground. • 73 Chauncy Hall School 47 Chelsea 99 Chelsea Ferry 19-57 Chestnut Hill Reservoir 85 Children's Mission ... 53 Christ Church 27 Church of the Messiah 49 Church of the Unity 56 City Hall 21 City Hospital 56 City Tavern 23 Clarendon St. Baptist Church 55 Clyde Park 107 Cochituate Lake 85 Coffin, Admiral Sir Isaac 39 Cohasset 97 Columbia Theatre 53 Commercial Wharf 19 Common, Boston 35 Commonwealth Ave 43-69 Concord 103 Congress St. Bridge 57 Cor. BowdoinJSiilfiiich Sts:and Bulfincli Place, Boston,Mass. LOCATED NEAR THE BUSINESS CENTRE. I^O transient rooms: 75cts.perDay. PERMANENT ROOMS; c on $ Moor tr ee to Guests. > I $3.00 per Week, ^ ill?' AND UPWARDS.-^, y@ e *m boston, Stopfer YOUWia^EPLEASEO. KEEP THIS CARD, AND RECOMMEND THIS HOUSE TO YOUR FRIENDS. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 131 Congregational House 31 Constitution Wharf 19 Copley, John Singleton pi Copps Hill Burying t '.round 27 Cotton-Vane Mansion 22 Country Club 10? Court House 23 Court House (old) j± Craigie Bridge 57 Crispus Attucks Monument 3D Cromwell's Head Tavern 21 Crown Coffee House 11 Custom House 11 Danvers 101 Danversport 1°1 Dedham 11? Deer Island 75 Deer Island Light 75 Disciples, Church of the 55 Dock Square 25 Dorchester 6o-6b Dorchester Ave. Bridge 5< Dorchester Park J3 Dorchesterway 71 Dover l^i Dover St. Bridge 5< Downer Landing 96 Duxbury •••••• • ; ■ JJ Early Boston Topography i'cn East Boston 67-69 East Boston Ferry j>7 East Indian Marine Hall &* Echo Bridge 169 Egg Rock • pi Electric Railways 89-91 Eliot Burying Ground • 64 Eliot Memorial 109 Eliot School... 25 Emancipation Group 53 Emmanuel Church 49 Emerson, Ralph Waldo l-> English High School 55 Essex Institute 93 Essex St. Bridge 57 Ether Monument 41 Eustis St. Burying Ground 60 Everett 16° Everett Statue 41 Evergreen Cemetery, (Brighton) 67 Faneuil Hall 13 Farlow Estate, The ■ 169 Federal St. Bridge 57 Federal St. Church 17 Federal St. Theatre 15 Fellows Athenaeum 61 Fellows St. Playground 73 Fens (The) 69 First African Church 31 First Baptist Church 45 First Church (Charlestown) 61 First Church H- 47 First Free Public School 66 First Parish Church Society (Roxbury) ... 60 First Parish Church ( Dorchester) 65 First Presbyterian Church 55 First St. Playground 73 Forest HillsCemetery 64 Fort Hill 17 Fortification 53 Fort I ndependence 75 Fort Warren 75 Fort Winthrop 75 Foster's Wharf 17 Framingham Reservoir No. 1 84 Framiugham Reservoir No. 2 84 Framingham Reservoir No. 3 84 Franckland, Sir Charles 25 Franklin Park 71 Franklin's Birthplace 15 Franklin Field 73 Franklin St 15 Freeport St. Playground 73 French Huguenot Church 21 Fresh Pond 108 Frog Pond • 37 Gallop's Island 75 Galloupe House 25 Gallows, The 53 Garrison, Wm. Lloyd 6-96 Garrison Statue 43 George's Island 75 George Tavern 57 Girls' High and Normal School 56 Globe 19 Gloucester 95 Glover Statue 43 Golden Bull Tavern 11 Governors and Lieutenant Governors 116-117-118-119 Governor's Island 75 Granary Burying Ground 33 Granite St. Bridge 57 Gray's Wharf 19 Great Brewster Island 75 Green Dragon Tavern 25 Greyhound Tavern 60 Hamilton Statue 43 Hancock House 25-31 Harvard Bridge 51-57 Harvard College 107 Harvard Medical School 43 Harvard St. Bridge, Brighton 57 Hawes Burying Ground 66 Herald 19 Hingham 97 Holliston H3 Hollis St. Theatre 56 Holy Cross Cathedral 15-55 Holy Trinity, Church of 53 Home for Destitute Catholic Children 56 Home for Little Wanderers 55 Hopkinton Reservoir 84 Horace Mann School 45 Horticultural Hall 33 House of Seven Gables 95 Howard Athenaeum 27 Howe, General 15 Hull 96 Hyde Park 115 1 mmaculate Conception, Church of 56 India Wharf 17 Jail 23 Jamaica Park i± Jerusalem Road 97 ARM STRONG'S Railway Dining AND News Rooms Located and E^stablishied. on the DOSTON & ALBANY RAILROAD, and its branches, in the Passen- *-* ger Stations at Boston, Worcester, Springfield, Pittsfield, Mass., and others on line of the road. DOSTON & MAINE RAILROAD, on Northern, Southern, Eastern, *-* Western, and all other divisions, in the North Union Passenger Station at Boston, Mass., also at Nashua, Manchester, Concord, The Weirs, Portsmouth, and Sanbornville, N. H., and other places on that road. CITCHBURG RAILROAD, and its branches, in the North Union * Passenger Station at Boston, Mass., and also at Fitchburg, Green- field, and North Adams, Mass., and other points on the road. DOSTON, REVERE BEACH & LYNN RAILROAD, in its Passen- ^ ger Station at Boston, Mass., and others on that road. pENTRAL PASSENGER STATION, Taunton, Mass., Old Colony ^ System of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. GEORGE W. ARMSTRONG, General Office, 80 Utica Street, Opp. Boston & Albany Railroad Passenger Station, BOSTON, MASS. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 133 Journal 19 Keavne, Capt. Robert 9-11 Keith's Theatre 39 King's Chapel 22 King's Beach 92 King's Chapel Burying Ground 21 Knox, Major General Henry 11 La Grange St. Burying Ground 04 Bamb Tavern 39 Langham Hotel 56 Lassell Seminary 109 Latin School 21-65 League of American Wheelmen. = 119 Lee, Colonel Wm. Raymond 61 Leverett, Governor John 13 Leverett Park 71 Lewis Wharf 19 Lexington 103 Liberty Tree 39 Lief Ericsson Statue 43 Lincoln, Noah 25 Lincoln's Wharf 19 Lowell Lectures 45 Lowell Memorial Park 81 Long Island . . 75 Long Island Light 75 Long Wharf 17 Lvnde St. Church 31 Lynn 92 Maiden 99 Masonic Temple 37 Mather Cotton 25 Marine Park 71 Marblehead 92 Marshfield 97 Mayors of Boston f6-77 Massachusetts College of Pharmacy 43 Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirm- ary 31 Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics' Associa- tion 45 Massachusetts Division, League of American Wheelmen 120 Massachusetts General Hospital . = 29 Massachusetts Historical Society 15-51 Massachusetts Homoeopathic Hospital 5G Massachusetts Institute of Technology.... 43 Massachusetts IS ormal Art School 49 Mechanics' Arts High School 49 Medford 100 Melrose 100 Metropolitan I Hstrict 77 Metropolitan Park System 77-79-81-83 Metropolitan Sewers 85-87 Metropolitan Water 83-84-85 Middle Brewster Island 75 Middlesex Fells Parkway 83 Middlesex Fells Reservation 77 Mi!es, General Nelson A 01 Milton 114 Milton Park 114 Minot's Ledge Minot's Ledge Light House 70 Mint 56-57 Motlev, John Lothrop 31 Mt. Auburn Cemetery 108 Mt. Hope Cemetery 05 Music Hall 35 Music Hall (new) 51 Munroe Tavern 103 Museum of Fine Arts (The Boston) 47 Museum, The Boston 22 Museum of Natural History 49 Mystic Play Ground 73 Mystic Valley Parkway 81 Nahant 91 Xantasket Beach 96 Narrow Gauge Railway 17 Natick 113 Naval Hospital (Chelsea) 99 Navy Yard 63 Needham Ill Neponset Ave. Bridge 57 Neponset River Parkway 83 Newburyport 95 New Dry Dock 63 New England Conservatory of Music .... 56 New England Historical Gen. Society 30 New Old South Church 47 New North Church 25 New South Church 4"> Newton 109 New York & New England R. R 89 New York, New Haven & Hartford R. R. 89 Nix's Mate 75 Noddles Island 67 North Battery 19 Nonantum Hill 109 Norfolk St. Burying Ground 66 North Beacon St. Bridge 57 North Dorchester Burving Ground 66 North End Play Ground 73 North Shore 91-92-93-95-96 Norumbega Park 109 Odd Fellows Hall 53 Old Colony R. R 89 Old Corner Bookstore 19-120 OldElm 35 Old North Church 27 Old Powder House 105 Old South Meeting House 15 Old State House 9 Orange Tree Inn 23 O'Reilly Monument 49 Otis, Hon. James H Outer Brewster Island 75 Paine Memorial Hall 55 Park Street 33 Park Street Church 33 Park Theatre 39 Parker House 22 Parker Memorial Hall 55 Parks and Parkways of Boston 69 Parting Stone 61 Paul Revere 25 Payne, John Howard 15 Peabody 101 Peabody Academy of Science 93 Peoples' Temple 55 Perkins Institute and Massachusetts School for the Blind 07 Phillips, Wendell 31-53 Phipps, Governor Sir Wm 25 Phipps Street Burying Ground 61 Land and Water, THE ACKNOWLEDGED AUTHORITY ON AMERICAN SPORTS OFFICIAL ORGAN OF 1 THE AMERICAN CANOE ASSOCIATION. Published at J54 Pearl Street, Boston, Mass., U. S. A. Striking in Subject Matter. I Attractive in Appearance. w Handsomely Illustrated. I W J I; Contains Articles by Authorities on all ^ Branches of Outdoor and Indoor Sports. THE ONLY GENERAL SPORTING MAGAZINE IN NEW ENGLAND. GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. 135 Pierce House £6 Pilgrim Hall ™ Pilgrim Monument ;;•_ Pitcairn, Major z.\ Playstead (Neponset) '* Playstead (North Brighton). • ;•> Plymouth J '"^ Plymouth Rock ; ;,' PlummerHall ^ Point Allerton ™ Point of Pines ^ Post {:! Post Office ** Prescott •• ** Prescott, Colonel Wm ™ Provincial Capitol * Provincial Custom House " Province House £? Public ( '.arden ^ Public Library • *' Public Park, North Lnd « Quaker Burying Ground " Quaker Church ••• ~ Quincy 114rl g Quincy House f? Quincy Market ■•• ■ « Railroads 8,-^-91 Rainsford Island ^ Record ° " <^ Revere 81 Revere Beach Reservation »i Revere House £> Rexford Hotel f? Rindge Field ;•••••": |?° Riverside Recreation Grounds it-> Riverway J .. Roebuck Tavern tt Rowe's Wharf £ ' Roxbury J*! Roxbury High Fort j» Roxbury Latin School °» Roxbury, Population °i Royal Exchange Tavern ■ " Salem qs Salem Willows *? Saugus L |i Scituate Xi School Street ~L Sconce ' w .i Second Church • ^' Second Church (Dorchester). . . ........... to Second Parish Church ( \V est Roxbury ) - • • • 64 Second Universalist Church oj> Shag or Egg Rocks <» Shaw Monument • *£ Shawmut Avenue Church oo Sherborn ■=" Snow's Arch Wharf A* Soldiers' Field • «g Soldiers and Sailors' Monument bd Somerset Club ** Somerville L,.- South Boston • • • • • «*» South Burying Ground (Dorchester ) bb South Ferry ^ South Shore ** Spectacle Island '° Spot Pond 85 Stamp Act Riots 11 Standish Monument '•'' St. Augustine's Cemetery 66 St. Botolph Club 49 St. James Episcopal Church 61 St. "Margaret's Church '±~ St. Paul's Church 37 St. Stephen's Church 55 Stuart, Gilbert 37-39 State Highways ■ 87 State House 29 State Library 30 State Prison (Charlestown) 63 State Street 11 South Burying Ground 55 South Congregational Church 45 Spring (Spring Lane) -15 Stony Brook Woods J, Stoneham 1<™ Strandway ' j- Subway Yi*q ill Sudbury U3-11 } Sudbury Reservoir °4 Summer Street Bridge »< Sumner Statue 41 Swampscott 92 Tapleyville «« Terminal Station 41 Third Church ( Jamaica Plain) 04 Thomas Park 66 Thompson's Island 75 Tileston, Master j± Touraine Hotel j» Town Field (Dorchester) • «> Town House '•' Town Pump 11 Transcript j; Traveller f;' Tremont Building *> Tremont St. M. E. Church 5b Tremont Temple • "•_' Trinity Church «"« Trinitv Triangle >? Trumbull, Colonel John j& Tufts College 10 " Tuileries Hotel 4J T Wharf • |» United States Bank 11 United States Court }f United States Hotel « United States Sub Treasury 1«* Union Church 55 Union Station j' Union Wharf 1; University Club ®* Vendome, Hotel /*5 Waban Lake ■ ™ Wachusett Reservoir ■ °* Wakefield '" f, Walter St. Burying Ground b4 Waltham "j{ Warren Avenue Baptist Church o» Warren Bridge ■••■••■•• ■ g Warren, General Joseph WH» Washington Avenue Bridge 07 Watertown lld 13(> GUIDE TO METROPOLITAN BOSTON. Wayside Inn 114 Webster, Daniel 66 Wellesley Ill Wellesley College Ill Wells Memorial Workingmen's Institute.. 53 West Boston Bridge 57 Western Avenue Bridge 57 Weston 113 West Roxburv 64-65 Whitefield, Rev. George 96 Whitehall Reservoir 84 White Horse Tavern 39 Winchester 103 Winslow, Admiral 61 Winter Hill 105 Winthrop 91 Winthrop, Gov. John 15 Winthrop Statue 23 WitchHill 3 Witch House 93 Woburn 100 Wood Island Park 69-71 West Roxbury Parkway 71 Woman's Clubhouse 30 Young Men's Christian Association 49 Young Men's Christian Union 39 Young's Hotel 22 Young Women's Christian Association — . 53 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Armory, First Corps of Cadets 52 Blue Hill Observatory 78 Boston Light, Entrance to Harbor 74 Bunker Hill Monument 62 Chamber of Commerce 10 Christ Church (Old North) 24 Commonwealth Avenue 42 Concord Bridge 102 Custom House 10 Echo Bridge 110 Faneuil Hall Frontispiece Franklin Park 68 Franklin Park 70 Harbor 72 Harvard Bridge 50 King's Chapel 20 Middlesex Fells, Ravine Road 82 Minuteman (Concord) 104 Museum of Fine Arts 46 Mystic Valley Parkway 80 Newburyport Bridge (Chain Bridge) 94 New England Conservatory of Music 54 Old Corner Bookstore 18 Old Elm (Cambridge) 106 Old South Meeting House 14 Old State House 8 Park St. Church 32 Pigeon Hill House 126 Plymouth Rock 98 Post Office 12 Public Library 48 Revere Beach 90 St. Paul's Church 36 State House 28 State Road 86 Subway Entrance (Park St.) 88 Subway Station 40 Terminal Station 38 Tremont Street 122 Tremont Temple 34 Trinity Church 44 Union Station 26 Washington Street 124 Wayside Inn 112 POCKET CITY MAPS, POCKET CYCLING AND DRIVING MAPS, POCKET RAILROAD MAPS, POCKET ELECTRIC RAILWAY MAPS, WALL MAPS OF NEW ENGLAND, WALL MAPS of States, Counties and Cities, and of the World. ATLASES of States, Counties and Cities, and of the World. SEND FOR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. SPECIAL MAPS TO ORDER. GEO. H. WALKER & CO., Lithographers, 160 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass. Opposite Boston Common. FRANK A. RUSSELL. Brookline Real Estate Exclusively. 113 Devonshire St., • Coolidge Corner, BOSTON, TELEPHONES; { \™\ | *U1 J • BROOKLINE. TELEPHONES; [ ?*»- 3 ' ( 1 06. You Walk on Air!! THE PNEUMATIC CUSHION RUBBER HEEL When Wearing You'll never slip, nor trac£ dirt or snow in the house* UPPER SIDE. Showing Compressed Air Chamber. PNEUMATIC CUSHION DIIDBETD Uttl /**> UNDER SIDE. RUBBER ntfeL \*%J., Showing Suction Chamber and Diaphragm, trom which snow and dirt are expelled by the Manufacturers, Compressed Air Chamber shown above. 10 1VINCOI.N SXJKB^X, - BOSTON. H 54. 78 * UBRARY OF CONGRESS 11 014 065 586 7 #