hSHP 
 1 
 
 IBBH 
 
 mm 
 
 mm 
 
 mNBRBMMM 
 

 v I R 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 */> 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 < v 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOOK 
 
 OF 
 
 VETERINARY DOSES 
 
 THERAPEUTIC TERMS 
 
 AND 
 
 PRESCRIPTION WRITING 
 
 BY 
 
 PIERRE A. FISH, D.Sc, D.V.M. 
 
 Professor of Veterinary Physiology 
 New York State Veterinary College, Cornell University 
 
 FIFTH EDITION 
 
 THE COMSTOCK PUBLISHING CO., Agents 
 
 ITHACA, N. Y. 
 
 1919 
 
mi 
 
 Copyright, 1919 
 by 
 
 P. A. FISH 
 
 
 A536981 
 
PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION 
 
 The desire of the writer to place before the 
 veterinary students and profession a convenient 
 and ready reference to information concerned 
 with dosage, prescription writing, incompatibility 
 and antidotes for poisons, etc., has apparently 
 been fulfilled by the call for a fifth edition. 
 
 Few changes have been made in the present 
 edition. It has been the aim to cover the usual limit 
 of dosages and it is believed that beyond a certain 
 limit there is seldom a change. Other portions of 
 the book concerning prescription writing, incompati- 
 bility, therapeutic terms, poisons, etc., deal with 
 general and fundamental principles which are not 
 frequently susceptible to change. 
 
 Notification of errors of omission or commission 
 will be welcome as well as suggestions for improve- 
 ment. 
 
 P. A. F. 
 
 (3) 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 Page 
 
 Dosage or Posology 5 
 
 Veterinary Doses 7 
 
 Therapeutic Terms 42 
 
 Termination of Medical Terms 56 
 
 Prescription Writing 60 
 
 Weights and Measures 75 
 
 The Principles of Combining Drugs in a 
 
 Prescription 78 
 
 Examples of Prescriptions 82 
 
 Thermometric Equivalents 91 
 
 Deliquescent and Efflorescent Salts 93 
 
 Latin Words and Phrases with Abbreviations 
 
 and English Equivalents 94 
 
 Incompatibility 102 
 
 Examples of Incompatibility in Prescriptions 128 
 
 Poisons and their Antidotes 136 
 
 Classification of Medicines according to 
 
 their Physiologic Actions 156 
 
 Physiological Points for Practitioners 173 
 
 Pages for Selected Prescriptions 
 
 (4) 
 
DOSAGE OR POSOLOGY 
 
 The most accurate system of dosage is to adminis- 
 ter a given weight of medicine per kilogram or 
 pound weight of the animal. Although this 
 is frequently done in experimental work, the practice 
 is attended with so much inconvenience when 
 applied to the routine of the practitioner that the 
 system is, for ordinary purposes, regarded as imprac- 
 ticable. A more or less arbitrary method is adopted 
 by fixing the amount to be given to the different 
 animals. Except, perhaps, in the case of powerful 
 medicines or poisons, there is considerable latitude 
 allowed in the amount of the doses. In veterinary 
 practice the dose for the horse is commonly taken 
 as the standard and the doses of the other domestic 
 animals may be reckoned from this. As for example : 
 
 If the dose for the horse is 
 
 1 (Say 2 ounces) 
 
 the dose for the cow would be 
 
 H ( ". 3 " ) 
 
 Sheep and goat 
 
 \ ( " 3 drams) 
 
 Swine 
 
 \ ( " 2 " ) 
 
 Dog 
 
 jL ( " 1 dram ) 
 
 Cat 
 
 A( " i " ) 
 
 In general the dose for the dog is about the 
 same as the human dose, but the size of the dog 
 must be considered. Reckoning from the dose 
 for the dog or man as the standard; the pig would 
 take twice as much, the sheep and goat three 
 times as much, the horse sixteen times as much 
 and the cow twenty-four times as much. The 
 dose for the cat is usually one-half as much as 
 for the dog. In many cases the dose for the horse 
 and cow would be the same; the higher dose for 
 (5) 
 
the cow is usually recommended on the ground of 
 a slower rate of absorption because of the compound 
 stomach and a larger mass of food with which the 
 medicines mix before absorption may occur. 
 
 In the list of doses which follows, the horse 
 and cow have been placed in the same group, 
 and the sheep and the swine have been placed 
 in a group by themselves. The dose given in 
 either case is the average dose, but from the explana- 
 tion just given, the dose, in most instances, may 
 be increased somewhat for either the cow or the 
 sheep. 
 
 In a general way the doses of different prepa- 
 rations of drugs for the horse may be given upon 
 the following basis. If there is error in this classifi- 
 cation, it is upon the safe and conservative side 
 of too little rather than too much. Poisons and 
 powerful medicines are, of course, an exception. 
 
 Fluidextracts one fluidram 
 
 Powders (not alkaloids) one dram 
 
 Tinctures one fluid ounce 
 
 Hypodermics of alkaloids are given usually at 
 one-half the dose by mouth. Intravenous doses 
 one-half or two-thirds of the hypodermic dose. 
 Rectal doses should be the same as those given 
 by the mouth. In the following tables the doses 
 are intended for administration by mouth unless 
 otherwise stated. 
 
 On account of idiosyncrasy or individual sus- 
 ceptibility, it is safer in the case of new or powerful 
 drugs, to try the minimum doses first and if the 
 physiologic effects are not produced, gradually 
 lead up to the maximum doses. 
 
VETERINARY DOSES 
 

 _o 
 
 vO 
 
 vo 
 
 O 
 
 M re 
 
 
 o 
 
 re re 
 
 VO 
 
 
 *5h 
 
 6 
 
 ? 
 
 f?fv 
 
 °* V f 
 
 1 
 
 ? 
 
 ?TT 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 Q 
 
 
 re 
 
 CN 
 
 o 
 
 O fO re 
 
 o o to 
 
 re 
 
 CN 
 
 vO 
 O re CN 
 
 re 
 
 
 d 
 
 6 
 
 oi d d d 
 
 odd 
 
 w 
 
 6 
 
 odd 
 
 d 
 
 
 r3 
 +3 
 
 ojO 
 
 bjox) M cjO b£ 
 
 OjO OjO bJO 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 a a a 
 
 a 
 
 
 o 
 a, 
 < 
 
 O 
 
 7 
 
 O 
 re 
 
 |_H ";, 1^ IT; 
 
 i rT T 
 
 o . . 
 
 w o io 
 
 CN M 
 
 o 
 1 
 
 
 
 c 
 re 
 
 CN hh 
 1 1 1 
 hh io re 
 
 o 
 
 CI 
 re 
 
 C/3 
 
 d 
 
 'u 
 
 CO 
 
 cn 
 
 1 
 
 
 w d *■* 
 
 64n 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 CO 
 
 cn 
 
 1 
 
 6 cn cn 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . °. . . 
 
 re 
 
 
 vo 
 
 h vO rO 
 
 re 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 4- C cn cn 
 
 • d ci o 
 
 4 
 
 c 
 
 d d d 
 
 d 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 -M 
 
 -6 
 
 
 'O tuo'd T3 
 
 H Jh j-3 
 
 WTO OjO 
 
 43 
 
 £ 
 
 B 6 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 ft 
 
 < 
 
 X 
 
 
 1 1 1 1 
 
 O ~ O 
 M re 
 
 CN 
 
 c 
 
 1 
 
 o o o 
 
 hh -rt-re 
 
 c 
 
 CN 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 1—1 \lN \0* \£1 
 
 iO\« o 
 
 M 
 
 6 
 
 CN O ""> 
 
 lO 
 
 > 
 
 c 
 
 **■ 
 
 o o o -t- 
 
 CN C CO 
 
 'C 
 
 CN 
 
 v£ re H 
 
 re 
 
 c 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 1 1 1 
 
 1 , 1 
 
 e 
 
 S 
 
 
 0} 
 
 
 i? 
 
 
 4 
 
 6 6 oo od 
 
 M IOC) 
 
 <! 
 
 
 
 re 
 
 M 
 
 W 
 
 
 
 
 
 •r. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 sJ 
 
 N H H H 
 
 s-^ tsi s- 
 
 
 
 ,d 
 
 T3 
 
 O cuO'd Td 
 
 cjO CC 
 
 ffl 
 
 o 
 '< 
 
 ^0 
 1 
 
 CN vO CO O 
 1 1 1 1 
 
 O H (\ 
 
 re 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 
 
 
 m re CN CN 
 
 iO\cs \c 
 
 O CN rf 
 
 vO 
 
 I I I 
 
 O M M 
 
 — 
 
 c 
 
 <u 
 
 +3 
 
 13 
 
 o 
 
 < 
 
 O 
 
 Pi 
 
 
 a; 
 
 Pi 
 
 c 
 
 o 
 -/. 
 In 
 
 rfl 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 < 
 
 
 
 +j 
 
 
 
 (U 
 
 n 
 
 <u 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 < 
 
 o 
 
 ( ) 
 
 
 < 
 
 << 
 
 
 ■S .y o 
 
 o .3.§j 
 
 c fe o h 
 
 y.y £d nd c^.y. 
 
 
 
- >■> 
 
 o ■ — 
 
 ^ m _; H ' h h h 6 d d d o oon44 s 
 
 ii i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i ^ 
 
 vD O O O tO CO ^O ■ cO .jh 
 
 ro co tontoOfoo o o o h q q^o >■« jo 
 
 d 6 d d d d d d d d d d d d d oi d rf 
 
 O ifi lO lO If) O O H H™ H M * ^ HS O hi o 
 
 fOH m hh hh O O . I CO - VO 
 
 II I I I I I I I I I J J '= I J I 
 
 \0 "-J O i-h oi _ q 
 
 ci oi "4- -4- ^4o6 "4- o 6 6 d m d ° 
 
 c m m ci « ci m d d d c c o o c< 
 
 U U S-. Vh 
 
 £££^c«ofc>cyo£SE £ fecid'd 
 
 OOOMONVifl-tlT) <N J° w O "+ 
 vO vO O vO M \ m f 
 
 1 I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I 
 
 C< CO O M \ m - mX |^ mX 
 
 o 
 .*?.-.. . °. 
 
 d -4- d io d m d hh ci \6 •-< 6 in d d 
 
 | I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 
 
 VHW»-l>-IV-IJ-(i-l<-<f-l. « r! ♦-( HH [NJ M 
 
 >. 
 
 ii i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i K 
 
 o 
 
 cO*xO rO O 
 
 m o h vC >C to O °f 
 
 rO tO o o o c <n oo o 
 
 TJ 
 
 to h rO\D to q 
 
 00 oo" oo ci 00 C 6 6 6 oi O d *4" O CO c3 
 
 o 
 
 vO «vO 00 vO 00 ThoO IO iO iTj o h \ "^J I <N o 
 
 ii i i i i i T i T T T T f V i T 
 
 mm N01N\NP|10NIOO\^ "^^ O m CI O m 
 
 CO 
 
 Q ^ 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 < <<<< X 
 
10 
 
 .CJ rf) _ vq _ irj _ *0 ro fO PI en <-i 
 
 u o h 6 pi 4 iCH^OHOHO'dfi rood o" 
 
 £ i i i i i T i i i i i i i i i iii 
 
 § 6 6 6 6 6 4-6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 ~ 4 6 
 
 ,d H ^ d d d J=l H H !-< u sh' ^ vh' rH sh' &4 H vh 
 
 !J3 MMC C C T^bjObjObJOMbflbjOojOGbjO OjOT3 So 
 
 2 uoioooo -tioooo too o iocoo o w hn 
 
 < I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I III 
 
 MiOMioiO hiOOhNNNhXncO O m r-'o 
 
 ,y PI 4 4od 00 6 4cO° PI 4 4 "4- M 6 00 PI l/i M 
 
 M ■§ I I I I I M I I I I I I I I TTl 
 
 ^ ^ - . ^ <■? . . ^°. 9 . <o 
 
 c d m n 4 4 io 6 m h pi c-i pi o" 6 <n od od 6 
 
 c^ d t^ H H H H ^ HJh^ ti H tl h d'H H H ^ 
 
 u ^3 OjOT^ 'Td T3 T3 O OJ0T3 ojObJOMbjOMCTd T3 r dbj0 
 
 W 2 Omwc^M HHOPlOOOOOt^Pj corho 
 
 tn <1 I I l l l l I I I I I I I l l III 
 
 O\0)\mmi-h NMOHMUOOOOOhHXc* Pi P| io 
 
 • pi pi oo io io O O O P) m m iOoo '- 1 o O O Pi 
 
 _U _, |_ ^- ^ JO fOO HH HH l-H HH \£> CO fO H 
 
 "§'iiiii T i i i i i i i i i iii 
 
 o ^ «? . £ . 
 
 u oo^t-^t-ioio o'p)io^t-^t-rt-4pidio io4 
 
 . _j^ Jh Vh N S3 N ij N Vj ^ Jh h ^' fi N (SI N H 
 
 w ^ r d T d r doo o r do r ^ r d r d T d T aGo o o-d 
 
 O On rOfOP)'-^'-^ vOCOPirO^t-^t-ri-pivoPI h h to 
 
 a <! i i i T 7-3 i i i i i i i i T i iii 
 
 ri m m xx^ °* ~^\X M M M M x "^ ^\^k M 
 M $ H ^ M 
 
 I d8g a, ,f It -a 
 
 ^ +i <H S^ ° 3 ° C rrt CVC ^ HH N ^3 4J >^ 
 
 § a a § +j ^ ^ « ^ o ^ rf ^ g ^o a2 ^ o 
 
 <<< < << < < 
 
11 
 
 
 CO 
 O 
 
 
 o o 
 co^ co^o co q q ^o 
 
 O 
 
 \o 
 
 >> 
 
 6 d 6 
 i i i 
 
 6 4 
 
 i i 
 
 
 M CN M O w* 
 
 1 i 1 1 1 
 
 o o 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 d 
 
 6 
 l 
 
 3 
 
 in 
 3 
 
 O vo 
 ^O O O 
 
 0) 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 v£> \£> co^O 
 
 O O co 
 
 O O HH 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 w 
 
 "o 
 
 d d q 
 
 O W 
 
 
 ' ~ 6 o 6 
 
 d d d 
 
 d 
 
 6 
 
 O 
 
 w 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H vh' £ 
 
 be M M 
 
 bo bo 
 
 
 U rt H 5h d 
 
 H Vh' ,-h' 
 
 
 
 p 
 
 ■^•^co 
 
 
 
 O O O O O 
 N -t M h N 
 
 H^IS ° 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 J° "^ 
 
 
 O iOO iOO 
 
 rgj° ci 
 
 01 
 
 01 
 
 5 
 
 vO 01 CO 
 
 Ol 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 q o 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 d d m 
 
 d vd 
 
 
 00 00 oo" 4o6 
 
 d d 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 i I i 
 
 l I 
 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 I I i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 ffi 
 
 N O fO 
 
 o 
 q 
 
 
 
 ON 
 
 co O 
 
 o o 
 
 
 
 bib 
 
 o 
 
 d d d 
 
 d oi 
 
 
 4 4 4 oi 4 O O 01 
 
 oi 
 
 oi 
 
 «h S-n' U 
 
 bjOT3 
 
 
 ^ Vh' S-1 £ £ 
 
 ^0 T^ T3 Tj T3 
 
 H >H ^ 
 
 
 t-i 
 
 
 O ro O 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 ^"^ 
 
 
 01 N W h N 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 I 
 
 1-1 
 
 
 
 <3J 
 
 'd-Noj lO 
 
 <N 
 
 
 
 x-x 
 
 
 X 
 
 C/) 
 O 
 
 r Emetic.) 
 . - 8. 
 
 - 12. 
 
 CO 
 O . 
 
 q 
 
 d d d d io d 
 
 fOfOrOn r<: 
 
 I I i l I I 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 6 6 6 
 
 i cO 
 co 
 
 0< hH 
 
 d 
 
 CO 
 
 d 
 
 co 
 1 
 
 w 
 
 d o< -1- 
 
 d io 
 
 d 
 
 m io iooo ioo d oo 
 
 GO 
 
 00 
 
 i— i 
 
 
 >— t 1— 1 1 — 1 h- 1 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 •_' 
 
 fo Ki io ki ro 
 
 
 
 
 cu 
 
 cjO O 
 
 
 K&gfciSSSIsJi 
 
 o 
 
 
 << << < 
 
 o:d^ 2 
 
 
 Cf o 
 
 
12 
 
 
 6 
 
 O 
 
 C vo 
 
 C co o 
 
 
 O M Tt-t- 
 
 •+ "I" O ** CM w O 
 
 c 
 
 
 m ro 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 O cm 
 
 u 
 
 - 
 
 
 O O N CM 
 
 m m o o o o o 
 
 
 ■d 
 
 rH 5h !-< U 
 
 C bjOTd T3 
 
 £ £ m-o-S && 
 
 
 o 
 
 O "OH M 
 
 vO vO | M \ CM 
 
 CO O 
 
 C O N 
 
 o 4 
 
 O CM 
 
 i i 
 
 I I I I 
 
 00 00 °. 00 oo 
 
 o 
 
 46 
 
 CO cm 
 
 m d od 
 
 C CO re 
 
 o . . ~ ^ ^ ^ 
 
 cm" 4co 4 4 4 6 m' 4 c-i c 6 6 4 d 4 
 
 Ui^H ji h w k In ^ L lJ tn" h <-' ^ 
 
 Id ^ ^ U T3 «d ^"O T3 T3 OjO fcuO OjOTJ C 13 
 
 m « <tN CM CM Jca CM CM >-< "O C ^ CM i/V co 
 
 i i i i i i f i i i i ? I i T i 
 
 ^M M H HH^HH\flM O N M C « 
 
 6 6 c io 4 4 d 6 6 6 oo' ci d m d oo' d 
 
 cOfOPI m CM CM O vO cO CO CO CO 
 
 I I T I I I | I I I I I III II 
 
 q . . . , ^ o 
 
 00 IO 6 N ci ci o >o >o >o 4 6 OOC'lCj 4lo 
 
 V*" N S3 S-^ h^SlNN^ n; sJ N *h N 
 
 'O O OT) T3T30£oOOT3bjO O MO T) O 
 
 00 h •+■+ Omd\pi N m m O h- O i-i C) h 
 
 KH CO CM 
 
 m CM \^ CM co co cO\oi \« \n \^ i-h O \rj< O \™ i-H \oj 
 
 15 ^ £ 
 
 Ss > Tj t1 Mh >; u i/i , i— ■ ' — i . — i .-< 
 
 S-. (/) r/) CO +J 03 a3 <L> <U <L> 
 
 < < < < <CQ CQW pq pq 
 
13 
 
 
 
 o . 
 
 re O 
 
 
 re vO 
 
 rO 
 
 "w 
 
 CI 01 U-> O Ol 01 Ol O 
 
 HH O 
 
 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 
 
 ^•o o 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 ^ 
 
 -* HH TH>- O 
 1 1 1 1 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 P 
 
 o 
 
 vO \0 rO 
 
 O O O 
 
 
 
 ro 
 
 'o 
 
 6 c 4 6 d 6 o 6 
 
 O O O 
 
 1-1 
 
 ~ O O O 
 
 O 
 
 
 bb bil'd b£ £ be £ O bbSbJO bi) £ b£ M bi) fed 
 
 O O Tf j<o OOOOi vo 1 ^ 1 -* OOOOO m 
 
 re rn I-h rO rO re ^ O N ^O h 
 
 I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I 
 
 O O HH _H- l/)0 IOH _|l-H\^ IfllOinO H (V) 
 
 00 
 
 O "^ 
 
 446 4446 odd n n 4 in oi <\j 
 
 VO 01 _, M HH 
 
 01 
 
 2 lO CO 
 
 q cm oi i-i . vq so 
 
 n ci 6 d oi oi oi 6 odd od od oi oo d d 
 
 CO o 
 
 iiii N H Hiiii ^ u r «-< _ri _ri _b _h ^ u 
 
 T3 X5 O bxnd iJij O be £ M ^O Td 'D t3 biD bo 
 
 HH HH ^ \CC _ HH HH ^t" 00 O ^ fOCOHH^j-O C 
 
 hh\ _ rO ro 
 
 I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I 
 
 \» \> i- 1 J"^? \^\^<N t(- CO 01 N N ^i N O O 
 
 io io d d d d 6 ci oo hh d d io d oo oi 
 
 ^ ** Ol rOvOO vO^O M ^0. <-< 
 
 i i T i i i i iii i i i i i i 
 
 m 
 
 O o? 
 
 n fi 6 6 io d c m oi d d d oo' d 4 4 
 
 O hh CO CO rO rO re 
 
 h h N l N N N s_h ^ u N N Vh S3 J-J »J 
 
 Tl'd O MO O O bjOT3 OjO O Ol) OT) Td 
 
 "t^^MHPid O 0) iO O) Ol tJ- 0) 01 re 
 
 i i i i i i i — T J rT i i i i i i 
 
 \N\M N H\N H M tq U~,\CN lO H H N H H HH 
 
 d o-> 
 O 
 
 cfi 
 
 H^,C^ ^ 
 
 3 CC CO ^ •£ G 5&h- -H 
 
 cu o3 »4 n4 
 
 3j=ie.2..2El.2 <* 
 
 P q> rt rt _ai aj 
 
 Oh rt ^~- 
 
 O^pq 
 
 p P oj 
 
 hT 
 
 -r 
 
 ^ 
 
 O 
 
 H-) 
 
 T) 
 
 P 
 
 
 O 
 
 oi 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 -; 
 
 >1 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ri 
 
 a; 
 
 
 
 hr 
 
 u 
 
 
 T3 
 
 G 
 
 (1) 
 
 pqpqpqpq pq^-OUO O O 
 
14 
 
 01 
 
 CO 
 
 to n co 
 
 
 N vO^C 
 
 
 O O m 
 
 ID 
 
 O 
 
 w o o 
 i i i 
 
 M 
 
 M M i^ O O O 
 
 i i T i i i 
 
 ^i- 
 
 O O M O 
 I 1 1 1 
 
 M O 
 I | 
 
 O 
 
 COO O 
 
 
 \o oo 
 
 CO <D O N h 
 
 
 CM O 
 
 CO M 
 
 O 
 
 O O O 
 
 " 
 
 o o ^ o o o 
 
 M 
 
 
 
 c 
 ft 
 
 S-i J H S-iV-i<-'I-ic1<-'»-iS-i»-i»-i 
 
 b/j c^bflbjOGboc^McJO MTJ 
 cO OMiOOOO^roCOi-i 
 
 M tOrOrO i — • •— i 
 
 I I I I I I I I I I I I 
 
 i-i IDV« p-h ID . ID >-i i-h tON\« 
 
 mB£ 
 
 £ 6 
 
 i- 1 C O M IDOO 
 
 W CO HH 
 
 I I I I II 
 
 \0 ^O \D 
 
 o 
 ft 
 
 6 
 i 
 
 od d d go oo o6 4- d 4h id 
 
 M i-h 
 
 6 4 4 d 
 
 O! M 
 
 1 | 
 
 CO 
 
 v£> CD 
 
 <D CO 
 
 cO ID 
 
 •I Ol 
 
 vO CO 
 
 O 
 
 ^f O O <tf" Th >r)- CN 
 
 O m c GO 
 
 O i oi o 
 
 c o 
 
 W) 
 
 T3 bx cXiXJ T3 t3 T3 
 
 ^ s-<' j-^ _^ 
 
 OJO M bJOTJ 
 
 
 a i 
 
 2 
 
 M O O OI 01 01 vC 
 
 C C O -h 
 
 HH v£) OI 
 
 C C i-h co 
 
 O ID 
 
 CO t-t 
 
 O ID 
 
 lO 
 
 
 lO »D ID M 
 
 M iDVi -j- 
 
 
 
 
 cO 
 
 
 iC^-^t-O O O Oco oi iDO 
 i-i cococooi k-imvD 
 
 CO 
 
 4g6 id d 
 
 H U U N N N NT U S-i C N) & 1 *h In H U 
 
 'd oxitJ o o o O'd'd'd o g r d r dT3-biO 
 
 rt-O 
 
 hi h-l 
 
 M 
 
 ii -t" M 
 
 cO+ciffi f^O N O iO 
 
 \N 01 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 _, mm CO 
 1 1 g 1 1 1 1 II 
 
 hh dnpi ^lO \cilO 
 
 
 
 \^ M \N 
 
 1 
 
 CD 
 
 
 
 rt 
 
 
 Monobrom 
 
 Spirits 
 nnabis Indica (I 
 
 Ext. 
 
 Fid. Ext. 
 
 Tinct. 
 ntharides 
 'Spanish Fly) 
 
 Tinct. (1890) 
 
 Tinct. (1905) 
 
 rt CL CD 
 
 
 
 +j is 
 
 
 n 
 
 dide 
 
 losph 
 
 Preci 
 
 lphid 
 
 ll 
 
 
 d. Ex 
 
 net. 
 hlora 
 
 In 
 
 
 .§££ cE 
 
 IfeH^ 
 
 ri-j 
 ft 
 
 o 
 
 O CD 
 
 3 
 
 X 
 
 £ 
 
 cti 
 
 rt rt 
 
 crt 
 
 a 
 
 ~ 
 
 d cd 
 
 O 
 
 uuo 
 
 OO 
 
 O O 
 
15 
 
 
 ^O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O O O 01 « 
 
 01 01 
 
 
 N « 00 X N w 
 
 0} <* 
 
 00 
 
 'o 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 O OOt^N 
 
 \D O 
 
 
 ^0 v£> 
 
 
 1 1 1 
 cO cO 
 
 <o 
 
 1 
 
 o o o o o 
 
 O O 
 
 
 o o 
 
 n- -3- o o 
 
 O 01 
 
 <* 
 
 
 bi) £ £ £ £ 
 
 b/) M 
 
 
 feoS 
 
 h H H c< 
 
 TJTJMC 
 
 OjOTJ 
 
 in 
 
 
 moo h o mo o 
 
 tO W V£> -*f 
 
 
 o o 
 
 cO cO 
 
 Ol 
 
 Ol O. O 
 CO CO 
 
 O « 
 CO 
 
 Ol 
 
 w 
 
 hh HViomo o 
 
 
 O O 
 
 
 M lO lO 
 
 o\^ 
 
 
 £ 
 
 in 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 hhO^N 
 1 ! 1 1 1 
 
 Ol 00 
 
 1 1 
 
 ■**■ Ol Ol 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 
 "=4- <+ "tf- 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 00 lO 
 
 I I 
 
 o 
 
 Ol 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 X 
 
 cO 
 fOtOH COM3 
 
 
 
 
 
 o >o 
 
 
 
 bio 
 
 o 
 
 +3 
 
 u 
 
 O O O m o 
 
 a a a a a 
 
 -3- <*■ 
 
 N00» N N O O 
 U u U H U U (-5 
 
 -1-00 
 'O'O 
 
 o 
 
 S3 
 
 o 
 
 lO moO o o 
 
 i—i h- i ^O cO 
 
 cO Ol 
 
 M 
 
 CO cOvO ^D O O 
 
 01 ^ 
 
 **■ 
 
 O 
 
 4-1 
 
 CD 
 
 w 
 O 
 
 lOiOClO o 
 Ol f* 
 
 
 X 
 
 Ol Ol 
 
 CO CO O C 
 
 i-i 01 
 
 CM 
 
 s)r -& 01 mco OO in O O O O m in OO 
 
 w *0 cO hO^O I^O't't cOO 
 
 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II 
 
 CO CO^O • 
 
 i-h' m" dec "4- lO lO oo' 6 6 o* o" CO 00* iod o 
 
 i-h m cO cO^-O ^O h-i cO lO 
 
 *-i c! c! S- 1 J=! N N In N N N N t< l-i SIN 
 
 MC C'd'd O O Ij O O O OTlTl OO 
 
 OOO^OlOli-i t)" 01 01 CO CO O) Ol >-01 
 
 \D MD CO i—i i—i 
 
 ■ I J 1 I I I I I I II 
 
 N H M N (N N N \CSH-I H-l Q 
 
 ooo 
 
 Ol 01 
 
 Oh ca 
 
 ^ * £ O 
 
 o m :y "S as *_S 
 
 Oh h S — . I — i WWL0t3c/} -t- 3 
 
 O O OO o o o o X 
 
16 
 
 
 
 IO 
 
 M 
 
 ro ^O ^D vO 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 fl NCO O 
 
 Ot^-NNOOM 
 
 hh (N M 
 
 1-1 '+ 
 
 CM 
 
 
 s 
 
 1 1 1 1 
 
 11,1111 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 z 
 
 Q 
 
 o 
 
 CO cO o 
 
 d 6 n d 
 
 ro co 
 i-i ^C VO rO^O M . cO 
 
 rOMD vD 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 6 
 
 
 ojo £ 'd c~b 
 
 U u u ^' Vh' rj d _J-j 
 
 U> W) U) tuo ojO G i=! *d 
 
 ^ ^ d 
 ojO ojO £ 
 
 s^ 
 
 £ 
 
 
 < 
 
 o O W 't 
 cO to 
 
 lOOOOOOCOl 
 vO vO cO <* i-i hh 
 
 O O O O hH 
 C-l CO CO M 
 
 c 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 lO l/j\CS hH 
 
 n OOiOO M io\^ 
 
 io o o 
 
 M ^ 
 
 lO 
 
 w 
 > 
 
 X 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 
 lO 
 
 O cO 
 
 
 
 
 00 00 lO o 
 
 i i T i 
 
 O 00 lOOO 00 CN I- iO 
 cO cO^O 
 
 00 00 00 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 M l O 
 
 1 1 
 
 CO 
 
 0) 
 
 < 
 
 -1- -too C 
 
 O MX i--tO O ■+ 
 
 n- Tt- ** 
 
 M GO 
 
 ■^t- 
 
 w 
 
 C/3 
 
 ,£3 
 
 O 
 Oh 
 
 T3 T5 t3 djO 
 N <N ^f00 
 
 J 1h ■ jj Vh U i-i fH Vh 
 
 o/,~ TD *d *d S S »d 
 O fl 'tCI n o o ^j- 
 
 i-i rCW 
 
 u u u 
 
 'd-d'd 
 
 CN 01 CN 
 
 o •+ 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 
 HH HH n TT}- 
 
 10\C1 (SJ l-l HH IO Q HH 
 
 
 O N 
 
 " 
 
 
 6 
 
 C O O O 
 cO cOvO 
 
 OCOOOmoiO 
 *0 vO ^C cO i-i — o 
 
 O O iooo O 
 
 o 
 
 lO lO O 
 
 ci 
 
 (N 
 
 io d 
 
 6 
 
 lO Ci 
 
 vd 
 
 d 
 
 d d d 
 
 4d 
 
 HH W CO 
 
 
 
 hh ro 
 
 ro 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 CO CO CO 
 
 CO 
 
 ^ ^s 
 
 O O O 
 
 H ..s|'3§ ; 
 
 2 o 
 
 § £ 
 
 IS 
 
 Uo^ S^' 
 
 673 
 
 o o 
 
 
 -S W ^03 
 
 OO . g^ 
 
 rt g cu s- Q3 
 eve ri ^ w >v-< 
 
 P*-ckF^^ 
 
 d sir II 
 
 ^ ^ ^^^ X! ,£ 
 
 uouuu ou 
 
 o 
 
 
 H o 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 (N 
 
 ^ 
 
 CN 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 T 
 
 1 
 
 03 
 1 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 i-i aj 
 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 fl 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 aj 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 pq 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0) 
 
 £ 
 
 4^ CdW 
 
 
 .c 
 
 .id 3 
 
 TJ 
 
 - 
 
 n 
 
 cx^ 
 
 
 
 Ih 
 
 C/2 O 
 
 L^ 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 UU 
 
 u 
 
 
17 
 
 *3- "3- n **■ 10 o 
 
 o o d o n 
 
 ^o ^ tO\ 
 
 6 o 
 
 to O vO 
 
 d 6 d 
 
 CO O 
 
 M O CO CO 
 
 d 6 d d 
 
 1 A I ' 
 
 md o 
 
 HH O CO CO 
 
 o o o o 
 
 6 6 d d 
 
 O O O O rf 
 VC vO cOvO 
 
 o omivi 
 
 bjo be 
 
 CO iO 
 
 &&g^ 
 
 CO o iO I 
 
 ben feb w> bi 6 
 
 Vi- CO CN H E IO IO 
 
 II I 'to I I 
 
 J=! J3 i ±J N 
 
 o 
 
 O cO CO 
 
 io *o ^f io o 
 
 T T i V V 3 
 
 M CO 
 
 h od 6 d 
 ill? 
 
 d d 
 
 CO 
 
 d d m m 
 
 i i i i i 
 
 Ti-vo 
 
 ^ CO 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 CO O 
 
 O O \D \D 
 
 CO "*■ n <* IO 
 
 O <N 
 
 O Tf O io 
 
 o iO 
 
 O O O O 
 
 
 
 ft 
 
 tu 
 
 
 O'^'C'u O 
 
 VO M vO ^" O iO 
 
 I I I I II 
 
 N h m « O W 
 
 ■ o a o 
 
 Cjc/^H 
 
 <d - !>>.S 
 £ CD 0,^3 
 
 be o 
 o <* 
 
 pi cO w \ 
 
 ION \Q i-i|tD\N \cq 
 
 O 
 
 O .2 +-> -r-l .,-< 
 
 CD 
 
 o 
 
 
 c §^ 
 
 U 
 
 CJ 
 
 a 
 
 o o 
 
 UU 
 
 ° ° -^ a'§ 3^ 
 o^ o o o 
 
 CD 
 W 
 
 ■si 
 
 CD 
 PI v 
 
18 
 
 
 _cj 
 
 
 CO \D 
 
 MlOO 
 
 M O 
 
 O CO O cO O vO mOi-h 
 
 c 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 z- e 
 
 o- 910 
 0- z 
 0- 90 
 
 ??????????? 
 
 CO 
 
 ►1 vr; 00 000 
 
 O CO 1 HH rO O HH O HH 
 
 OhhOhhOcOcOOOO^O 
 
 o 
 
 Q 
 
 
 O M O 
 
 w 
 
 ocooooooooo 
 
 
 o 
 a 
 < 
 
 a a a 
 
 oioo 
 
 co ^ CO 
 
 bio w) wi a 
 
 M 00 m O 
 III? 
 
 & & fo a & a a & & & a 
 
 lO IO HH IOW|CO O O CM 1HI0 CN O 
 
 "iee m CO M ^O 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 
 Jo MVtN H°o IO lOVi- |o\jj- O 
 
 |«0 hJ\ H\dpH\ |_l 
 
 
 O iO o 
 
 11 cov 
 
 
 d 
 
 
 CM vO 
 
 S3 10 
 
 OcOCNcOcOcO roo f^ 
 
 'B 
 
 <3-vO '*■ 
 
 OmO^ 
 
 d w 6 11 O m eN 1-1 Q H-l od 
 
 en 
 Q 
 
 2 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 1 1 1 1 
 
 to 
 
 >-< *+ cO 
 
 1^1 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 
 
 ~ CO CO O 
 
 OvO hvO mvO rOO fO 
 
 & 
 
 
 M *N 
 
 O O O Cl 
 
 6 6 0" ^- d <n 
 
 < 
 
 M . . . ' .... • . . . • 
 
 3 X! _b rb _b In ^ hi K^^ChCi^h^i! 
 
 S +3 Td ^ Td OjO bjO ojO'O bJObJOMC bjOC r d bJOM bvO'O 
 
 en 2 i_,m\m ■■ 10O m t*>0 ^-O icO rtOJoO N 
 
 < III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 
 
 \N hH \N CN VO lO\N H"> O CM O CM O HH IO J° CO\W 
 
 Q 
 
 w 
 
 cc • .b _b .b hj-<±! N 
 
 « X! T3 Tj TJ OjOTj 'o O 
 
 &h 2 00 CM 00 O tOn\ h\ tN rf-tN O N CON -tM M 
 
 ft 
 
 icd 
 
 CO rt" CO 
 
 M CM 
 
 "4- »0 
 
 6 00 M 
 
 06 ei 06 
 
 O 00 
 On 
 
 d 00 6 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 <* CM 
 
 O r^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 tN <CN 
 
 O "^ CM 
 
 IO 
 
 -to 
 
 -to 
 
 "^- »0 -5j- O rt iO 
 
 m m . w , rfi 
 
 < III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 
 
 CO rj- CO t^ 
 
 g.a.a-l as gig ^? a xs||i^ 8f »- 
 
 j^ ^°°cgc ccaa t 
 
 O OOOOOO OOOO o 
 
 U O OUUU O UUUU O 
 
19 
 
 00 
 
 o 
 c 
 
 to 
 
 rO O 
 
 o o 
 o o 
 
 01 
 
 o <r> 
 
 O 01 O 
 
 3 
 
 ? 
 
 "*0>-iOO(NOO 
 
 <N ^O HH O 
 
 o o 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 3 
 
 Ol 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 Ol O 
 
 O ^O O CO O O O 
 
 o 
 
 m GO 
 
 O rO O 
 O O O 
 
 'o 
 
 
 
 (NOOOOOOO 
 
 o o o o 
 
 o o o 
 
 cd 
 
 
 
 i i i i i i i i i i ' i i i i i .a 
 
 6 
 
 <0 \D rO\£> ^ 
 ro Ol O OOO^ 
 
 m ."*?..:* ^ o q q o c . ■■? ~ 
 
 6 o6 m -4- m oi c 6 6 ^cd d oi d d " o ^ 
 
 I l l i I l.' I l I i i i i i i i i 
 
 Ol IO 
 
 00 H HH _ ^ • 
 
 o . ^o , to ,foqo . . 9 o o ^9 o 
 6 "4 6 oi o" m 6 d d ci 4d h ' d o o 
 
 ........ .... ... "3 
 
 &3 ^S^ScJOaM ^ 4j4jb£^^b})tibi) in 
 
 I 1 I I I L I I L I I I I I « 
 
 \n to io uo\»o-;° \n m jp >o„ic J°ioh g 
 
 io co q , o . o °. . ^ "5 
 
 d d cd d oi io oi d °" 46 doo o o 4d 
 
 i i I i I I i i. I I I i l I l I I ~ x 
 
 Ol CO vO ,_ 
 
 r^ OO O , O O ^ ^ ^j 
 
 d io 4 "^ h o6 m d d oo io d "4 o o d d <^ 
 
 C N H N (-3 U rj Vh' jj H sj s_' _b° Vh Vh' ^ iJ ^ 
 
 ojo cd o d'd c ojom tj o cjo'd mmmm 
 
 6" 
 
 00 N N h O ^O iO\Pi ^> hh m 01 \t-\P* O O <+"< 
 
 I I I I I I I I I . I I I I I I I I w 
 
 IO \mm\^i/)m iOmhJop N\n\im \°°\*- O IO O A 
 
 .a ~ w ^ u § 
 
 i 'b .a p^w ~ a 
 a -s fe a 
 
 o c u £ u 3d >> ^ cd .^ .„ .^ .„ 
 O O O OO OOO QQQQPQ 
 
 +^ ^J 4J +J I 1 -— ' ^ 
 
 cd"So"So'5i) -^ 
 
o 
 
 ft 
 
 < 
 
 a 
 
 y 
 
 z 
 
 
 73 
 
 0) 
 
 a 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 < 
 
 
 PL) 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 a 
 
 A 
 
 H 
 
 73 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 < 
 
 20 
 
 ID 
 
 MQtO 
 
 °i . ^ ^ . *■? , o o o _ 
 
 d <o n ^ ci hI c id rf- m o6 oJ o5 d d d »o 
 
 i T i i i i i i i i i i i i i i T 
 
 co ro O O O 
 
 rom ^O m rC fO CO CO O O O 
 
 6 4 6 6 m d d d oJ d 4- d d d d d 4 
 
 s^ s b a &s &a a'£ &s &&&$' 
 
 fO^-OiOO lOOOCOMOO -^-E^ 1 ^ 
 fO-trO m hh m v£> M cO CO T M > 
 
 I i I I I [ I I T I I I I L L I i ■ 
 
 OSm . 
 
 MO^oot M Th Tj-oo TftN Tf^j-o d o o5 
 
 CO HH HH CO~ 
 
 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I | I I ' 
 
 SO 2 to 
 
 O O ^ 
 
 co q o o _ . 
 
 d io oi ro ci m ci w ^- ci od ci (N d d d io o 
 
 S' tSJ *=} In U ^^'^'h^^NN 
 
 ill i i i i i i i i i L l I L. 
 
 ZXX "X" XX hHs ~x°* 
 
 CO CO 
 
 t}- d io 4- 4- do'o'64dioiod d d d 
 
 00 m N 0| N tOfOtONvO m h P) O 
 
 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 
 
 lO 
 
 CO HH 
 
 so q q 
 
 d d od w od oJ od io loco 6 4- 4- 6 6 6 2 
 
 vOhh _, ^ _ ro ^>?5 
 
 S" n n u u H «h sj si H N H H (h h n ,d 
 o T rd T d r o T3 r doo r do r d r db J ow) o -- 
 
 O VO ^^O MD IO00 MMVOCN'd-'^-MO) Tj-^ 
 
 1 l I I i i i I I l I I I I I I i 
 
 O N CI COM cOCI\«\«N 
 
 as o U-\ c 
 oo on . n 
 
 ° • -S^ 
 
 'w -« +^ ~^ 
 
 
 73 O 
 
 -a fe (2^ 
 
 • rl crj CTJ 03 
 
 
 aa.«s.g.s gg-s g «-g-a a ^.a s a 
 
 HH 
 
 
 P O - 
 
 £ a > 
 QQPQQPH 
 
 CPh 
 
 03 
 
 w 
 
 do 
 
 73 ^^ 
 
 CO ^ 
 
 ad 
 
 o 
 
 ft 
 
21 
 
 CO 
 
 \0 O 
 
 o 
 
 CO Tt- «T> 
 
 ■4- 
 
 03 
 
 ^ O -3-00 O Tt- 
 
 o -f- -1- -+ 
 
 00 MH i-O H H P| 
 
 en 
 
 £3 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 HI O 
 
 1 1 1 1 
 vo 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 O vO O O 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 VO 
 
 cO cOO O cOO \D 
 
 1 
 
 
 « O PI N O h 
 
 o o o o 
 
 CNOOOOOCO 
 
 6 
 
 
 t3 urd^d &8 
 
 feb a s a 
 
 'dSSSbJoSobJOM 
 
 'd 
 
 «4-l 
 
 M O M (N * O 
 
 i T i i if 
 
 J° o o o 
 
 , in vO O O 
 
 (N mvO m N to 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 rH|N lO lO O HI ioo o 
 
 H 
 
 Cfl 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 cO 
 
 o . 
 
 cOO 
 
 iO 
 
 cu 
 -d 
 
 o 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 1 1 1 1 
 
 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 oi 
 
 
 CO 
 O O 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 CO COO 
 
 4 
 
 o c 
 
 Tt- O rt- -^-o <N 
 
 O 00 00 00 
 
 OOHHflOOCOCO 
 
 'U 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 T3 Wd TJ OJOX) C5jOT3 dx) T) fi CXl M b/j'd *d r^ ,_ 
 
 M O CN tJ- i-h CN Ho-3--^-^ >0 O O M IOO tOtO r^ »2 
 
 CN lOth h rO ^ 
 
 I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I , OJ 
 
 CJ # M CU 
 
 d 4 6 d d d d d d d d *o ri d oo" d d d o "5 
 
 cO cOO O "OvO P) 0\h M>o MOO ^3 
 
 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I , ; 
 
 CO O " H 
 
 *? . . M . . °. d 
 
 io w io to d io d d d d d oo 4- i/S m* od d d oo o 
 
 m w w w cO cO CO O t-i cO cO 
 
 £J H S S H S3 CU [J S3 S3 si S3 U U S3* H Jh S3* S3 ^ "^ 
 
 o mo o mo-^ mo o o o'd'do'd'doo o u 
 
 m O m <N tJ- M 'd rt|N N <N ^ rOTt-fONPIiOPIN <\) <+-< 
 
 i i i i i i .y T i i i i i i i i i i |. | % 
 
 >-\ CM ro )-* 
 
 w ^ -d 
 
 W +j ffi o 3 
 
 a 3a5 3.5 
 
 WWW W ^W wwwwwww 
 
 Q 
 
 •d 
 
 ^ 
 
 cu 
 
 s 
 
 ,r. 
 
 u 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 rt 
 
 >, 
 
 
 & 
 
 F) 
 
 cu 
 
 o 
 t.c 
 
 
 
 Pi 
 
 cu 
 
22 
 
 CO m 
 
 O O 
 
 _o vo vo ^o o vq vo _ ^q q 
 
 'C d 46 d m d d d 4- cn* cn* io cn* cn* cn" d 4- io d 
 
 4i i i ! i i i i i i i i T i i i i i 7 ^ 
 
 • CO O cO O 
 
 U hi co cO cO O cO cO cO cO c^tOO O O 
 
 w 
 
 O CN O O O OOOh-'OO^-hhOOOO Tt- o 
 
 -f3 £ t3 o/) W) £ MoIjSSUS^BmSSS -S M 
 
 SohOOiO JooOOOO^-OOOi-hO rh J° 
 
 ^ M HH HH HH |C! H M \D f^ CO CO fO fO VO ' l« 
 
 < I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I 
 
 CN "|n io IO IO Jo io IO lO IO IO M IO IO iohh O hi 1° 
 
 o 5 n 
 
 y O cO CO ^J- O 
 
 C 4-od 4- 4-od d m m cn od oo" 6 4-od oo d »o d d 
 
 +J HH ro HH vo 
 
 2 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II 
 
 cO hh 
 
 o o 
 
 CO O vO VO CN O 
 
 <; 
 
 Q . . . <7 
 
 Z cn^cnhhcn o o o ^■'t^-ioN ^t-^-ox iob 
 
 < HH HH 
 
 Cm 
 
 S t^ ^ ^ (h' H H H H (H* H ^ H N ^ h H H N J 
 
 * t3 Td x) ojo ojcr) bjOb J oc , 0'O r oo r ci r dT3a r o o tvo 
 
 
 CN O O CN J* OOcONNMMNOl^O^- CN 
 vO ^O . - CN CN 
 
 CO 01 
 
 O O 
 
 O 
 
 CO cO 
 
 q co _ q 
 
 6 od oo d d 6 6 6 6 6 m c d d d 
 
 vOcOcOCNcOcOcO MD O >0 
 
 ii ION , 
 
 2 i I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 
 
 CO 
 
 VO HH 
 
 Q i- 1 ^ . . . °. 
 
 Z oo" io io load 2 4- "4- »o »o 10 O oo' oo* od O O O O O 
 
 <J^ ^ y-i ^ Q H H H CO CO IO O 
 
 CN IO 
 
 ~; r< h N h N N Ht-^NNNNiHH^HNnn^ 
 
 o p-d cd o o ojotj d o o o o-d-d-d c ori^ m 
 
 X 2 CO CN 00 hh hh him N N N m h "3-00 00 00 C CN hh r,;:»-ilN 
 
 o 
 
 < i i i. i i i i i i i i i i i i Y i 
 
 
 CN 
 
 X 
 
 2 W fe _, a; S • — 3 
 
 13 2 1 o& *• ^g pg I § 
 
 MOkT-h.ht) C rj-rl C rt Tl JJ C H O 
 
 Ogg 
 
 5 2^ S 5 ^"Ej § fc.S ^ ,2^ 
 
 fcfcOOO OO O OO O O 
 
23 
 
 rO O 04 — * 
 
 w i vq^q q o as 
 
 4- 4 r^oo d oi oi oi oJ od m Htodo w oo" ^ 
 
 II III I I I I I I I I I I I I 3 
 
 M ^ 
 
 rO O • !S 
 
 O . O M vO fOfO fOrOO rO O 
 
 oi o" w 04' 6 d d m m oi c d w d d oi 13 
 
 'Obi) S^S a a & m-c SwiSwibJoS'S cm 
 
 ■ ■ O lO^ « O O O O 04 lOlO lO\Wyi lO 04 
 
 ^O -* rOrO^-^J- ww <st-w\ h\ w w 
 
 III I I I I I I I I I II O 
 
 NO "3- ro rO "3" ^T 
 
 I III I I I I 
 
 < O iOhinHo CO O O O 
 
 h N N 
 
 lO lO lO Jo IOHN 
 
 ^oqq^qyofg^^S • * • 0^2- 
 
 g/a^s g.,§ |.< r 2a os°2 a s.§.s 
 
 
 >>>»" 
 
 Os^q^s 33 rtcu cu Doq 
 
 B 
 
 CD 
 
 nO . 'O 
 
 # vq q o a 
 
 1010 06 ci d 10 4 6 d 10 oi 4 oi O oi 10 ^ 
 
 7 7 iTi T. i i 7 s T i i T i i i T ^ 
 
 00 
 
 o 
 
 04 vO CO O OjO 
 
 00 4" 04 4- 6 4 04 lO lOOO d h \d d w 4 r§ 
 
 <u 
 ,q 
 
 S-< S-H S_ m W h Jj N N ^ <m J_ »-i w t-< w Sh -w 
 
 fd T3T3C 'd'doo'd q tucd tuo bjo q tj ,_ 
 
 "<*■■■*■ 04 co O ^hh H rj- OO cOVNT 1 O ■<*■ <£> 
 w ro vO "\ "\ fC 
 
 II III I I I I I I I I I II 0) 
 
 04 W H|f<H fO W rtiNrH|Clrt|N 04 O O ^1«V» lO W W 
 
 h-, 04 W w\ _ O 
 
 T3 
 
 ooooo ioioioooioo 
 
 ON ^O ON ON NO w w rj- w 04 
 
 TlT) O M W) T O 
 04 w 00 04 04 CO00 CO rO 04 <!*■ tj-hIci 04 NO >=tf- tJ- 
 
 ii iii i i i i i i i T i i i i 
 
 W H|f} (NH|NH W 04 04 04 W W rt|«H|«H|N CO W W 
 
 ■v . q. +-> • m ^ m 
 
 o 
 
 4 
 
 -w 
 
 q 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 Id 
 
 >, 
 
 ^ 
 
 q 
 u 
 
 5 
 
 OO OOOO OO ffiffi K ffiWffi 
 
24 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 CN 
 
 
 
 _6 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 
 "C 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 0) 
 
 ? 
 
 d 4 
 
 4 4o6 
 
 00 
 
 d 
 
 d m 
 
 O hh'oo' 
 
 
 § 
 
 1 
 
 i I I 
 
 1 
 
 -3- 
 
 I I 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 
 
 
 LO 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 Q 
 
 
 <N 
 
 O CO 
 
 cO cO 
 
 
 o 
 
 q 
 
 o 
 
 O ro 
 
 CO 
 O CO 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 d 
 
 d d ol 
 
 M 
 
 
 d d 
 
 o d 4 
 
 
 O 
 
 So 
 
 bid ba 
 
 a s'£ 
 
 •a 
 
 H 
 
 OjO 
 
 OjO OjO 
 
 H d *-< 
 
 OjO £ T3 
 
 
 lO 
 
 HhO O 
 
 O O CM 
 
 n 
 
 i-IO 
 
 Jo to 
 
 « ION 
 
 
 <1 
 
 , 
 
 1 1 
 
 LO lOnp 
 
 
 H 
 
 « hH 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 cO 
 
 |M LO 
 
 1h 
 
 s 
 
 fo 
 
 JO LO 
 
 io 
 
 1 I 
 
 H<N lO hH 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 LO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1-1 
 
 M 
 
 cO 
 
 
 £ 
 
 d 
 
 vO 
 
 q 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 q 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 fc 
 
 'C 
 
 O 
 
 d o6 
 
 00* to lO 
 
 LO 
 
 o 
 
 d 4 
 
 d 4 io 
 
 
 +j 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 in 
 
 
 1 
 
 l I 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 LO 
 
 p 
 
 
 cO 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 q 
 
 CM 
 
 
 
 o* 
 
 d 4 
 
 4 4 4 
 
 4 
 
 d 
 
 O ci 
 
 O (N OC 
 
 PH 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 w 
 W 
 
 A 
 
 So 
 
 So^ 
 
 u h h 
 
 T dTJ'd 
 
 J-h" 
 
 T3 
 
 & 
 
 In' Vh" 
 SoTd 
 
 OJDTJ 'd 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 \*i 0) 
 
 « i-^t- 
 
 <* 
 
 i* 
 
 H"3 HH 
 
 00 HH H- 
 
 
 < 
 
 7 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 1 
 
 M 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 
 
 LO 
 
 Ho>-< 
 
 
 I- 1 
 
 P 
 
 JOH|M 
 
 TJ-rtlN CN 
 
 ^ I 
 
 CO 
 | I 
 
 O 
 
 d od 
 
 o o 
 
 CO cO^O 
 
 1 I I 
 
 
 o 
 ft 
 
 
 CN CM 
 
 W 
 
 cd 'd 
 
 O T3 
 
 
 " rt o 
 
 
 <3 a3 *£ rf U.^rh 
 
 *OH 
 
 
 
 
 ,1 
 
 3§ * 
 
 ww w 
 
 W K ffi 
 
25 
 
 cO co cO nj 
 
 _^OcOcO^O 'OiOhh hh ^OcO^O v£5 ^O cO m 3 
 
 *j-6 6 6 6 6 6 6 n 6 6 6 d n o" 6 6 6 ^ 
 
 coi-icoco cococo CO ^OcO vO ^O .^ 
 
 _ o « m hhi-ho^o coo'-jcococooq o 
 © 6 d d d 6 6 m 6 d d d d d odd 13 
 
 5^ 
 
 19 
 
 bjO 6j0 tuO <-m 
 Oiotoo OW N O oi Oi^OOOOiOO) ° 
 
 TiiT T i i V i TiT TV Tii o 
 
 *0 bjO S W) £ SfebbJOtuoS U> b£ S S S ' ' 
 
 O N ^tJ-IO lO rJ-00 00 00 CO »0'0 l/"5 lOCO 
 ^Om mm mOmm 
 
 I I I I I III I I I I I I I I 
 
 o 
 
 O'd-Mnoo co 0) ^ <tf- •<*• ^oo O "tTl-^-O 
 CO cO 
 
 NJ-ji-iS-jJ-j J-j S-, J_, u J-h^hS-iSIV-h^-iJh^ 
 
 o r o r d r o T u r d T c) T d t3 r u r d r do r d r d r db J o 
 
 N tOHMTf 1-h N CN MOI'+OItj-tJ-OIIO 
 
 <0 
 
 * . o 
 
 CD 
 
 j& gas ?a g sg -g||| 
 
 ►J., hh ii— i i— ii— i i_h !JU i-hojPhci3 
 
 cOvO covo 
 
 \0 CO 
 
 CO f3 0) 
 
 O 
 Oh 
 
 M h M h M 
 Villi 
 
 CN m ^ CN <N 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 mCN^^-CMMM© 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 >> 
 
 vO cO^O CO 
 
 cOMO . 
 
 vO cO^-O cO^O^O CO i- 1 
 
 bio 
 
 CO O M O M 
 
 -. C N 
 
 OmOmOOmO 
 
 O 
 T3 
 
 
 T3 
 
 
 rj 
 
 *o ti s ox) s 
 
 S bj0 P J N 'O S 
 
 WibX)C C c MbJOM 
 
 -P 
 
 CO o o o o 
 
 CN O O O O 
 m n m cn 
 
 O rv-Hlf O 
 ^"CN $? CO 
 
 1 I <D biO 1 
 <N m w Qh m 
 
 OOOOOOOTf 
 M cO CM ^O CO CO cO 
 
 OOOOOOON 
 
 HH CN i-i CN l-l M M 
 
 «2 
 
 M 
 
 o 
 
 o ^ 
 
 
 
cO 
 
 26 
 
 -O 
 
 O "3- ^00 CO N O O lOGO 00 ^ 01 N00 0* 00 00 
 
 I I I I I I I I T I I I I I I I | I 
 
 q fO<o i . r ? 1- !. coco co 
 
 c id 4 oi oi i h 6 6 oi o" oi oi 
 
 o o o <*■ ^ 
 
 o 
 
 < 
 
 OX) bfl S *0 *0 CjO M E T3 'O T3 S &U0CT3 &*« 'O 
 
 uooooioiooo^oioiooooio^^ 
 
 vO^O CO m m ^OcOcO Tt" , 
 
 II I I I I I I I I I I I 
 
 _, .lOH M IOITjM M\N\CllOlC lO\<N lO\« 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 oi **■ 4- if) i/j 4* m oi O oi oi oi oo oo oi oi oi 
 
 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II 
 
 m oi oi oo' od oi 6 6 »o 4 4- 4- -4 4 4- 4- 4 
 
 Vh' H H Jd Ji _h ^ d N _hi _h <-<" H H H ^ h 
 
 tuoxi r a^3 r d r otxoco r o r d T o' r o r o r o' -co 
 
 O MM *<tMQ O M t^(<)(0«N^ COCO 
 
 CO . (N CO 
 
 ^X^^mmX-- 11 - 1 "~ 
 
 oo' io io oi oo' d d d d o d d d d 
 
 m_ m OI CO cO CO CO cOvO O v£> 
 
 111 I I T I I I I I I || 
 
 4-00 00 44 l O l OiOU~. »00 lOiO 
 
 »h Vh »-< U h N N N N b) N N N N 
 
 r did'd td^ooooooo oo 
 
 N i-"t cOc^tJ-mmhmmmCi 01 01 
 
 III I I I I I I I 
 
 M d 01 M M "- 
 
 W 
 
 <u +J 
 
 
 
 4-J +->' 
 
 +2 X 
 
 ^ >s . 
 
 
 X X 
 
 Sulpha 
 Jaborandi 
 Fid. E 
 
 Jalap 
 
 Fid. E 
 Resin 
 
 Jambul 
 
 Juniper Oi' 
 Comp. 
 
 Kamala 
 
 F. E 
 
 Kava-kava 
 
 Kino, 
 
 Fid. E 
 Tinct. 
 
 Koussin 
 
 Kousso 
 Fid. E 
 
27 
 
 pj d n x m pi ci o" 6 ' d o" d pi 6 m m m pi d d d 5 
 
 I I I i' I I" I I I I L I T I l l I l' l "l I I g 
 
 rOfOf^ to iO h q O O O _ _>-;PlOOC><NO'-'rO r^ 
 
 d d d pi d d d d d d d 4- *h 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 "5 
 
 OX) feo ti r d M 6 8 SjO S OjO OJO'd Otibi)bJ3bX>S8M£tl) m-i 
 
 OOnNUOOOPliOrOPloOPiOOOOOOi-iOO ° 
 
 Oh ff) m rOfO rTlM Pi Pi Pt rt hh i— i w 
 
 I I | I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I .H 
 
 lO lO io\^ u^oo PI w hh h Jo H \n M cowXnNm rO\^ Pi 10 3 
 
 S-, 
 
 CD 
 
 MD _ t<0\O to^o M\OrOO 
 
 oo° pi od 4- pi 4- io m d >-° 6 O d oo° 4- 4-00° oo° pi 6 pi >-" P* 
 
 PI t-H VOVO HH J^> 
 
 l l l I l I l l l l I I l I l I I l i I l l ^ 
 
 4- *-" 4-od d m 4 m d d d d d pi m m pi pi 4- 6 t-I d *§ 
 
 rOOO w 
 
 ^ 
 
 X) W)TJ TJ MCT) W> G WlbiOO 0"0 ojQ OJ0T3 T)-d MC M 
 
 piPpi^OO^oOOOPIPipiOOpipicOpiOO «2 
 
 ■* tO^C P| i-h p< _ i-< v£> v£> "si- PI 
 
 I I I I J I I I I I I I I I I I I J I I I I CL> 
 
 HH O HI P| O >OM lO P| lO (O M lO \N lO lO\^ V ^J H H O d J£ 
 
 "d 
 
 0) 
 
 ..-.-.. vq £ 
 
 d pi 6 6 co° d d 4- ^oo° pi 6 6 6 6 io 6 6 6 m to pj 
 
 CO i-i CO^O rOvO OO O (OcOm fO rOvO en m \m 
 
 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I „ 
 
 *> <? . . ts 
 
 moo iO o -3-00 !OPiPiPiOOOiO't^i-'tOooO-+ o 
 i— i i— i r*~ hh Pi iOm to 
 
 MP) CD 
 
 N U N N _hj Jh°- N S-° «-" H S-J N 4£ tS3 S-° 5-° U U M U In' S-* ^ 
 
 ot3 o o'o'o o r d T d r d ojoo P^o r d r c) r d r d o ojot} t) ^ 
 
 HfOHPlPlCOMMMPlOvOHM^ ^00 X PI IT; ^- tO "-M 
 
 i i i i i i . i i i i J" i i i i i t- i. i T ! i i & 
 
 \C-< P)\^ HH HH P| \(N \C< \01 \N O "^-NJN \^1 hH HH HH hH H-l lO PI l-< Q 
 
 ^ ' *-n ■ °« ^8 
 
 ts ad 5 a? |°s * -s l£ 
 
 -.^tliigiiialis ^ 1 |§ 
 
28 
 
 
 'u 
 
 
 rOvO 
 
 
 CO _ CN 
 
 vO 
 
 
 CD 
 
 rfco in 
 
 i i 7 
 
 4- <£ 6 6 
 
 i i i i 
 
 d *4oo* oi 
 
 till 
 
 d oi d 
 
 d 
 l 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 
 re. 
 
 
 lO 
 
 o o 9 
 
 <0 
 
 q 
 
 G 
 
 
 6 ci 4- 
 
 m m d d 
 
 d cn oi d 
 
 o'o'o 
 
 d 
 
 
 o 
 
 U Vh S-h* 
 
 £ 8 feo bi) 
 
 SI rj ^ r" 
 
 SSm 
 
 In 
 
 
 a, 
 < 
 
 ? 1 1 
 
 o O m o 
 
 ?? i T 
 
 
 io o ^ 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 lO\N i-t 
 
 mO\nOO 
 
 cO»-N 
 
 
 M 
 
 cj 
 
 « -g co ioo'^ ooooo'h «Jiti4 d4d 
 
 £ § I T ?o i i l I l T I ill 
 
 Q M 
 
 < 44>oo -4- 4- o d -4 od m d <n d 
 
 w 
 
 M ^ .... .... ... ... 
 
 2 +3 J-i Wi N SJ I_ S-, ;_ S-, Jj ^ r; ^ U U 
 
 £ o "d'doo 'd r o mm r 0'dc c^m 
 
 3 csTt-H-ivo (ncnoo n -to o »-4 o 
 
 < W CN VO hH HH 
 
 I l I l l I l l III III 
 
 oo o o o 
 
 ►-. o 
 
 O 
 
 Q . . . ... *°. 
 
 5 4 IO O* O CN CN CN CN lOOCO M«i H d 
 
 I/} . .... .... . -t- 
 
 & rt VhNNo (h ^ In h N N ^ f| h In 
 
 o +3 -d o oS 'd'd'd'd o o*d-g Sxj 
 
 o/j 
 
 X y <N CN ^ CN ^O VO CN CN H f>| CO H O ^ O 
 
 < i I i i I I I i I I I a I l 
 
 ft 
 
 o 
 Oh 
 
 lO(N lO 
 
 sssle'Sss.ftgBiJB-aras.&igi 
 
 biOfe MS ^ Cot C £ +3fl £ £ £h 
 
 SSS ^ ^ ^ ^ 
 
cO 
 
 00 
 
 
 o 
 
 C 
 
 c 
 
 o 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 29 
 
 00 
 
 o 
 6 d 6 
 i i i 
 
 n o wo , . 
 6 6 ~ w> 
 
 o o 
 
 O O CO 
 cO^O O O m 
 
 m d 6 6 6 
 
 i I I i 
 
 04 00 • £} 
 
 ooomhO q q ^q 
 c5 d 6 6 6 d d d o 
 
 o ° ~ 
 \0 \fl o o o o o 
 dodo 
 
 o o o 
 
 I LL.UUo' J=>6 o 
 
 S-, Vh 
 
 i L L i 
 
 Wo -|o 
 
 to q 
 o o d d o6 
 i I I i I 
 
 CO <^> 
 
 m cO O 
 M O m O 
 
 o o 
 
 . °. q ^°. 
 
 d "4-od Tt- ci d 6 d 
 
 I I l I I 
 
 I I 
 
 o O O i- 1 o o o 
 
 o o 
 vo' co q . o *? 
 
 d «' wi n * d d d 6 ° 
 
 feifo&e fo&few^ g-a-s && 
 
 T i ? f i i ii Jo i 'I 
 
 in 
 
 cO 
 
 \o q 
 4ono4oq66o 
 
 i Ml 3 ! i i L i 
 
 O O rC 
 vX3 CO J" 
 
 I I lo 
 
 W) S 
 
 JOO 
 
 q 
 
 O 04 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 M bi) 
 
 oo oo 
 
 I 
 
 n 
 
 \n 
 
 r2 ^ 
 
 '■■d'C 
 o o 
 
 ^ o 
 
 (- h O 
 
 o o ^ 
 
 S-i S-i 
 
 *-< ^ s 
 
 ■d M O 
 
 t3 So'd T3 OjO tuCd 
 
 m oo co oo o o n v» 
 \<n irj h ri io co V> H^ s 
 
 g 
 
 *fl5 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 UJ 
 
 r^ 
 
 (1) 
 
 u 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 O 
 
 r^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 U 
 
 
 Ph 
 
 0) w 
 
 ft 
 
 a»* 
 
 PhW rf s 
 
 
 w ^ 
 
 § c 2-S-d 
 
 £ -6 € -3 M So^S 
 
 -+ *fr CO^X M 
 
 i i i l j i 
 
 •d 
 
 OJ O 
 
 -n -^ — * i to w iu 
 
 
 o ci b b ^ 
 ASSESS S 
 
 £££Z 
 
 O -^ 
 
 ^ 
 
30 
 
 
 6 . 
 
 hH O HH 
 
 pO 
 CN O 
 
 
 lO "O ^0 
 
 o 
 z 
 
 Q 
 
 cu 
 
 tJ-O O O w o 
 CN 
 
 CO 
 
 po o o o <o 
 
 OOMiO 
 1 1 1 1 
 
 O O CN 
 
 0) 
 
 m M o Tt-n-o 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 PC CO 
 
 O 
 
 d d 6 d d d 
 
 o o o <*■ 
 
 O 
 
 o o o o cn cn o 
 
 
 5 6 
 
 o 
 
 a & & a a § 
 
 mmBx) 
 
 a 
 
 w) fee bi bh a a a 
 
 
 o cn vt- <^ io Tf rovt o ^t- 
 
 VO -\ hH H\f») 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 os «o iO o o o o 
 
 M H M^)\OM 
 
 COIOIOM O O CN 
 
 
 IOm\K)m (Of) 
 
 \n i-ito pO i- 1 
 
 rO 
 
 
 .S3 ir> 
 
 ^ 1 
 
 PO CN <OvO 
 
 pO^O 
 
 
 PO 
 
 w 
 
 cn 
 
 00 HH O HH CN O 
 
 II,,,? 
 
 i-i o -t- o 
 
 CN PO 
 
 1,11 
 
 1 
 
 H (N H mMOO 't 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 Q 
 
 
 O O ^O PO 
 
 PO 
 
 PO hH 
 
 
 pO^O pO 
 
 < 
 Pn 
 
 w 
 
 W 
 
 - 
 
 CO 
 
 a* 
 
 < i 
 
 CN 
 
 cn d 6 6 >-< d 
 
 CN 
 
 _N H «-< d d n 
 
 'O MMC C O 
 
 gr. 
 gr. o 
 dr. 8 
 dr. 15 
 
 00 
 u 
 
 O O O O -+ "* <N 
 
 u u u u H Jh C 
 
 ojo ojo ojo tuo r d 'd Td 
 
 en 
 
 CN O PO O O CO 
 CN CN ^h 
 
 V< O HH o O ^ 
 
 0^000 
 
 CN H-1 
 
 VO 
 
 IO O O IO CN CN HH 
 
 h rOM h 
 
 
 lOol N r)- 
 
 CN 
 
 IO O O LO HH t-H \N 
 
 CN 
 
 cj d Tt-od w 00 4god 4- d d d «' d ^t- 4- d d 6 
 
 •r|CN CM N O VOCN^D CN vOpOpO 
 
 I 1 1.1 11 1 T, , , 
 
 <; po 
 
 d 00 n n 4 o 4 ri d d oi CO* CN i CN 10 IO CO 
 
 pO O pO^O pO *i 1-1 
 
 ^C N ^ Vh In' Vh U +>' ^' h N ^ S3 !-< Vh J-h Vh N N J-I 
 
 -go tj i3 ojo'd "Td p*T3 t3oo o'd'fl'd'd o cd 
 
 Ph -=*• <CNmN^ONNHM<t MtOmMHMHOO 
 ^ I I I T , I I , I I I I I ! I I I I I 
 
 hi 0)\NC1\PIMMM\MM(N 
 
 ^U g £ O'g <u^o 
 
 § $%>&rp° SfSppe^.sg g|s| s 
 
 ■~ ?£ r=t & S « aJ rf ni aJ o 
 
 ^ ££ 00 o o fin a. Ph p^ a. 
 
31 
 
 CO 01 
 
 O vO vO O 
 
 tOO rOO O O 
 
 •d 
 
 M too O feb 6 S W) ojOhU mmSmSm) 6 b/) £6 *g 
 
 «0«O"30OOmOO cO Jo o i-i m -> o o 
 
 Oj. _ tOH N m iO l«(N I cO cO ^ 
 
 I 1 I I I I I I, I I I I I I I I o II .O 
 
 ' l° t^-Vi- Vt "ip io o d 
 
 h'o »X ih\ |h m G 
 
 c m 6 o' d oi d m" 
 
 vO 
 
 x' 
 
 d 
 
 n 
 
 d d m d 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 Oi° « 
 
 I I I i I i I I 
 
 VO CO UO 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 06 - 
 0006- 
 
 5 - 
 016 - 
 
 VO 
 
 i 
 
 vO 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 1 1 
 
 o'd^o'o ho d 
 
 ■^■o 
 
 1-1 
 
 o d o o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o o 
 
 
 
 
 
 o "^ 
 . Q . « 
 
 
 m 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 T3 
 
 vq 
 
 vO 
 
 covq 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 a, 
 
 d cn 
 
 4 6 4 
 
 m oi 
 
 lO oi 4 CM o vN O 
 
 
 d 
 
 
 
 co 4 
 
 I i 
 
 i i i 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 1 vi ' 1 
 
 
 I 
 
 CO 
 
 
 i i 
 
 X 
 
 CO 
 
 CO cO 
 
 covo 
 
 vO 
 
 o 
 
 o ro 
 
 vO O \o m 
 
 
 ro 
 
 - o 
 q 
 
 
 CO 
 
 O 
 
 •d 
 
 cu 
 
 d m 
 
 m d oi 
 
 d d 
 
 oo" O* oi 
 
 6 6 6 6 
 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 
 M Cv| 
 
 o o 
 
 Vh (-5 »-< 
 
 O O HH 
 
 Vh" Vh Vh J-I Vh 
 
 ojo mxi tuo'd 
 
 OO^Om 
 
 d OjO c^ !-J 
 
 o -:° o ^h 
 
 
 
 
 
 ID 1H 
 
 Vh 
 
 o 
 
 MH 
 
 T T 5 
 
 ? T i 
 
 CN "*r 
 lO o 
 
 1 ? 1 
 
 CO | ro 
 
 
 
 lH|kO 
 
 
 Tl- 
 
 
 tO LO 
 
 i i i 
 
 m\N 
 
 01 M \ 
 
 (N O \^ 
 
 O J;S O (N 
 
 
 ri 
 
 Js 
 
 
 O \n 
 
 0) m\ 
 
 w 
 O 
 
 'd 
 
 
 
 
 
 cO 
 
 
 
 <v »_< 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 oi "**" 
 
 od cvi io 4o6 
 
 O oi oo 
 
 CN (-J 00 CM 
 
 
 oi 
 
 ■So 
 
 
 od 4 
 
 +J 
 
 
 
 
 "■+■ M 
 
 
 
 V-i 
 
 
 O) 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 OJ. 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 o 
 
 
 ' 
 
 0) 
 
 w 
 
 ^'vO 
 cu o 
 
 
 
 _w 
 
 M oi 
 
 
 M C) 
 
 6 oi 4oo d 4 >-<" 
 
 
 
 d O 
 
 
 'droo 
 
 oj 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 ft 
 
 
 
 o 
 cu 
 XI 
 
 feo'd 
 
 u pH t-I vh' »h 
 
 "d C T3 T3 *d 
 
 ^ _h -h _b H b M 
 
 O "d "d ^ OJ0 r d OjO 
 
 
 B 
 
 CO h 
 
 
 
 Sh 
 
 o 
 
 O m 
 
 N 0"t 
 
 m NCO CON 
 
 CO Oj, CN O 
 
 
 
 
 Ohjn 
 
 
 01 vO 
 
 MH 
 
 1° 1 
 
 i T 5 1 
 
 | | 
 
 | | | 
 
 CO 
 | | 1 | 
 
 
 CO 
 
 I <D HH 
 
 
 
 <v 
 
 fc* 
 
 T3 M 
 
 XX 
 
 t-l N. HH 
 
 M _ M lO 
 
 
 ir 
 
 1>, 
 
 
 HH Ol 
 
 w 
 
 ^6 
 
 co V 
 
 5 c 
 
 cu o3 
 
 CU 
 
 CO 
 
 , 1 -M 
 
 C ^ P- 
 
 £^Oco 
 
 *d 
 
 CU 
 
 oj 
 
 in 
 
 oj 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 •Sco 
 
 W 
 
 o 
 
 a) oj 
 
 3 -P .Jh <h sh ojO 
 
 +_> cu n O O 4_, ".£ 
 
 oj oi]^;^ cl w 
 
 -p 
 
 in 
 
 
 a 
 CO-' 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 
 ^ rO 
 
 cu 
 
 a vu 
 
 1-1 ^! 
 
 | H 
 
 CU CU 
 
 O ftft 
 
 o J3'C 
 ^ §.2 
 
 Oh OhCO O 
 
 www 
 
 
 S 
 
 o >-■ 
 
 c 
 
 
 a, Oh a, 
 
 a 
 
 O O >, 
 
 
 >■ 
 
 ' o 
 
 +J 
 
 'a; 
 
 <u cu cu 
 
 (Li 
 
 cu ^ ,G ^ h=! ^ 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 rd 
 
 X 
 
 a. 
 
 Ph PhPh 
 
 Ph 
 
 Ph PhPhP-iPh Ph 
 
 
 
 Ph 
 
 P^ 
 
 ffi 
 
32 
 
 oo^t 
 
 <*t-M 
 
 o 
 
 OO'tHHH'ttH HHMH 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 IO 
 
 O <N 
 
 o o 
 
 O O CO 
 
 1 1 
 
 CO 
 
 1 
 o 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I 1 
 
 CO 
 
 vO CO CO cO ro to rO fO m f) 
 
 o o o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 tuo ojO W) 
 
 Jo\PO 
 
 I I I 
 
 W) S So 
 
 ion 
 
 1 I 
 
 LO M 
 
 O O O O iO o 
 
 ^ M N M h M 
 
 I I I I I I 
 
 io >o io\n loiomiooi io 
 
 I I I V V I I I I I I 
 
 SM o " 
 
 £ £ 
 
 o 
 
 ft 
 
 < 
 
 8 °. . . . <? 
 
 q-O^j- -tlN m CNOOTj-Tj-^t-lOlOTh'^t-^-CN'^- 
 
 I I I III I I I I I I I I I I I I 
 
 P-H M3 
 
 O O 
 
 °. °. **? .... . . . . °. . 
 
 6 6 CN (N w O ^ rj- CN tN (N 00 N tN CN O «N 
 
 K H »-i h H Ih N H ±j H H N t-i ^ H s-h' u b 
 
 w) biCd T3 ojoojo T d T O r ^ r d r d oti'd'dT) oxix) 
 
 JO\fO ,_ HHOO COCN^WH-lXOJ^hHMMOl-H 
 
 « <N\ ^ (V, m\ CO 
 
 L L i iii I I J I I i i i i i i 
 
 M 
 
 O cO 
 
 o" o" io ioo6 od 6 d o d 6 6 6 6 6 o" 6 o" 
 
 m hh >0 fO^rOtO cOvO cO to CO rO CO 
 
 III III I I I I I I I I I I I I 
 
 HH CO 
 
 q m 
 
 6 O 00 00 sj- 4- d io io IO IO io 6 io IO IO IO IO 
 
 J-" Vh S-h «h S-h' H N SJ N N N N CS3 SI S3 N N N 
 
 M OJ0T3 X) T3 'O OOOOOOOOOOOO 
 
 H« IO "tf- ^ CN M oil— iHHt-ti— ii— iCMi— «i— ii— ii-hi— i 
 
 III III I I I I I I I I I I I I 
 
 Ho C< CN « m H 
 
 W ^ £ Cr,' +3 £ "S QJ £ 
 
 goo g£ S^3 
 
 .y.^^l .i?o o o o o 
 
 PhCL^Ph PhPh PhPhI^Ph 
 
33 
 
 
 
 
 <N 
 
 \o 
 
 CO 
 
 >-— > 
 
 M 
 
 
 rO 
 
 (N O 
 
 
 h\OcO 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 d 
 
 ■4- O ^- b tj- tJ- o tJ- oi ri 
 
 6 IH 
 
 d 6 6 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 ? 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 I i 
 
 i I i 
 
 
 ro 
 
 
 fO 
 
 00 
 <0 O 
 
 
 S2 -^ fo 
 
 w 
 
 ^ 
 
 O 
 
 
 h too O r*i^O ^D 
 
 w to 
 
 O fO _, 
 
 'JO 
 
 6 
 
 lO 
 
 (NO 1 - 1 
 
 ~ .-. o 6 o d 
 
 o o 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 o 
 
 £ 6 ti)W)£ r d mS tiS 
 
 Vh' Vh' 
 OjO OjO 
 
 Vh' Vh" . ." 
 
 ojO OjO ojO 
 
 
 cs 
 
 M 
 
 O m o 
 
 r<o O i-h H" O O O 
 
 rH|W IO 
 
 (N O to 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 vO MO 
 
 , MD , vO roton m 
 
 1—1 
 
 w 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 O CN O 
 fO 04 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 \oj iO\V\oo io O O 
 
 fO 
 
 1 1 
 
 5,- 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 a 
 
 Vh 
 
 T3 
 
 <tf- 
 
 
 . ^ 
 
 ^ . . 9 
 
 . ^ 
 
 vo vq 
 
 o 
 
 o* 
 
 6 
 
 oo o'md 
 
 O ir> oi d oo' 00 00 
 
 m ci 
 
 O <N o,' 
 
 Oh 
 
 
 (N 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 T 
 
 l l I 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 ffi 
 
 N. 
 
 
 
 ^ . . °. 
 
 -1- rO 
 
 
 bio 
 
 o 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 ■«*■ d ol 
 
 d oo 4- d -4- -4- 4 d m 
 
 d m b 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <u 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^1 
 
 Vh' 
 
 tSJ 
 
 ^ (H Vh' 
 
 T3 CT3 
 
 Vh' Vh' Vh 1_h' Vh' Vh' Vh' 
 
 Vh' Vh" 
 
 Vh Vh* 1h 
 
 4-^> 
 
 W) 
 
 O 
 
 OjOT^ T3) Oj0t3 T3 TJ 
 
 OJO OjO 
 
 OjO OJO ojO 
 
 Vh 
 
 v£) 
 
 «* 
 
 M OHM 
 I | 
 
 O ^" rO\^< 0< (N M 
 
 i l l l i i i 
 
 m o 
 
 o o o 
 
 i-h -xt- ro 
 
 O 
 M-H 
 
 in 
 O 
 
 rO 
 
 01 
 
 M^ 
 
 1 1 l l 1 1 1 
 
 ION HH \* h-l HH h-1 
 
 v£> O 
 (N 
 
 io o 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 T3 
 
 IO cd 
 
 rf d d oo" d oo d d d d d o ^f o" 4" "^oo "5 
 
 OvO CO *0 MD MD <0 cO CJ. ►-> 
 
 O \^ 
 
 i T i i i i i i ^ i i i i i iii ^ 
 N . ....*? . ... -^ 
 
 M O lONlO-tOOOlOlOlOHOO hOO 4 rt 
 
 b _d . IS3 V^ _V^ Vh tSJ* N Vh' N S3 N Vh' Vh' Vh' Vh' Vh' "^ 
 
 'O S-p OTJ'O'dOO MO O O ojOXI CjO'O T3 Vh 
 
 I I • I I I I I I I I I I I I III % 
 
 \N H'd\NVl'+M H M rt\M \N\W O N LC(NM Q • 
 
 os^; ^ ^.^ ^ s o 
 
 - C 5=1 V? "^ M ° ° ° ^ S 
 
 g 42 v; rt cd a; o3 .S .2 8 ^ 
 
o 
 
 < 
 
 34 
 
 
 d 
 
 ^OOO'tOMt'+MOH 
 
 6 6 (n 6 w 
 
 
 !-. 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 i i i i i 
 
 
 +j 
 
 
 
 
 <l> 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 vO 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o o o o o 
 
 T30bfl8S£4j£SS£S G djO ojO b/D q 
 
 9 i-hmOOOvOnOOOiOiO ion o ioio 
 
 J-p _ _ ^ ^^OvOfOi-H row 
 
 \^im IOIOO h m O 'O'Oh l/) m\+i/Jh io 
 
 w . . ^ . . . . ^5 r ! 
 
 2; fj co ad d d oo oo 4 6 ^- m dod n pi 
 
 £ -g I ill i i i i i 
 
 a 5; rO ro 
 
 £ ro i-HiOO^OvO 
 
 < 4- 444d d 4-tpi d pi do ci 6 6 
 
 w 
 w 
 
 M 4 
 
 l-i S-it-tl-irHSJS-HS-i^HrHVH h L h L ri 
 
 (N HHh-ipjO'+M^lt-iO'-i lOfON O O 
 
 m m h roro 
 
 I I I I I 
 
 i- \n\n o 6 
 
 i i i i i i i 
 
 £ 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 GO 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 d 
 
 *+o 
 
 io d 
 
 o 
 
 LC 
 
 "*t 
 
 C 
 
 vO 
 
 vO vO 
 
 fO 
 
 
 .'- 
 
 >U 
 
 
 vO 
 
 
 
 r^ 
 
 
 (N 
 
 o 
 
 OJ 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 1 1 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 u 
 
 Q 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ro 
 
 
 
 
 <3 
 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 lO OJ 
 
 c 
 
 n 
 
 c 
 
 to 
 
 
 on 
 
 O OO 
 
 ^ 
 
 -f 
 
 
 ro 
 
 re 
 
 re 
 
 1— 1 
 
 'J 
 
 <-<~ 
 
 re 
 
 i— i 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 LO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 OB 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CI CS i-h O) i-h M m 
 
 < I I I I I 
 
 o 
 
 *& ojotJ t3 ^3 
 
 (N 
 
 -1- O 00 *1-v£3 
 
 
 (N (OMY w 
 
 «...*>■ .-• w 
 
 WW ^ * 
 
 : 2 4J fc -d 
 
 x 
 
 W w x W 
 
 ^ (Jh T3 — ' . py 
 
 a! 3 3 ■•-; ,Q c +j _3 H ill ° £ 
 
 5 5 5 £555 * ^I3rtrt 
 
 p4 p4 p4 p4wp4p4 co mmmtn 
 
35 
 
 ro O ^O WO 
 
 od oJ m n 6 -4- 4-o6 c » 4 d d 4 
 
 i i i i I i i I I i i i I I 
 
 r^ O O fOfO 
 
 f? 1 ^ °. . . .9 . M . °. . 
 
 4- d d d o" ci w w o" oi oi 6 d <n 
 
 ^CMM oj013 'O'd G "0 13 &0 ojQ13 
 
 N O C O H[0 H H f| IT; <\| _, lO M M 
 
 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 
 
 h ion iOjo\n\n\m i-i \n\n - 
 
 L i 
 
 rO 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 cd 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 
 
 cti 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 ir. 
 
 
 0) rooo -+ C cc 00 « O 
 111.11111,1 
 
 cf3 
 
 (N 00 M C 00 
 
 13 
 
 O 
 
 od d 4- 
 
 4d 
 
 ^-t- -r o o ^t- 
 
 o 
 
 ^ CTJ M Qj013 13 13 C 13 13 M bX)l3 
 
 -t" ^O M 
 
 f) O M lO\t M »-l 1-H UO 
 
 c/013 
 jo fO 
 
 CNO'tOOOOM «*■ 
 
 io -f- ^oo OOOOci OOOO N O lO 
 ►— i <— ' ro fO rO hh 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 p »o 
 
 N re 
 
 I | 
 
 S-h S-i (-. j_ N 
 
 13 r 13 MO 
 
 i i i i i i i i i i T i 
 
 CN 
 
 M -n \n iO s 
 
 ft 
 
 C .O 
 
 •ass 
 
 °o 
 
 w d • 
 
 ■gS^-ao fl -|rt 
 
 ^ r, w w -r C 
 
 CTJ Gj C\j GJ Oj G3 O 
 
 (Atnintn an enen 
 
 CD 
 
 W 8 w ~* 
 
 a a a -m a; 
 
 r^ o o o 3 c 
 
 o o o o o cu 
 
 tnmmm ■ co c/2 
 
 ,-j 
 
 ^•5 
 
 <D S3 
 
 C (13 
 
q 
 
 6 
 
 4 6 
 
 36 
 
 o 
 
 q vo 
 of 6 6 
 
 i i i i i 
 
 GO 00 ii 
 
 o o o 
 
 O O rOO O 
 
 6 d 6 d c 
 
 C10C rO 
 
 M O M 
 
 I I I 
 
 CN iOvC rO rO ^ rO 
 
 d d 6 6 6 6 6 
 
 o 
 ft 
 < 
 
 M^3 TJ £ T3M£S M ^Mo£biDMbi)bJ0bi) 
 CN 
 I 
 
 I id 
 
 
 O O O O CN O O 
 
 h fj rO^C N h M ro 
 
 .1,11111 I 
 
 w 
 
 en 
 
 Q 
 
 'u 
 
 CD 
 
 o o ^ 
 
 1 1 1 1 
 O 
 
 <! 
 
 
 O O O cn 
 
 w 
 w 
 
 |T| 
 
 -t-J 
 
 o 
 
 ft 
 
 l] N N ^ 
 
 mo o*d 
 
 en 
 
 N N Mm 
 
 
 < 
 
 1 1 1 1 
 
 6 6 6 
 
 . CIS 
 
 m O O vO rO 
 
 d d -4- 4- d -4- 4- 4- ""> cn <e >o 4 
 
 i i i i i i i i 7 i i 7 i 
 
 vO >- fOO 
 
 CO _ .CO . vO cC 
 
 O O* CN CN C 6 CN 6 00 m CN 30 CN 
 
 U C t^i ^ •-<' H H ^ H H H H 
 
 W) r t3 ^ t^o ojct3 wed ojo mtJ t3 
 
 M\r., HHI-IwOmO-xI-OO^- |H 
 
 >-\ O ^O rt- iO 
 
 I I I I I I I I I I I I I 
 1-1 .X «\^i\\ o \ © ^ ° © ^ \* 
 
 vO rC -t- 
 
 d d d d d d d d d 4- 4- c d d 
 
 i-i in 
 
 I I i I I I I I I I I I I I 
 
 CO i-J _ <N 
 
 C C IO in O <N »oo6 O CO CN IT) o IO 
 CN 
 
 !_' rH N N J S-' N N N ^ i N n N 
 
 b£ R O O WTd.O O OTfO OS o 
 
 O IT)M MyflX "tM NOVO N M M 
 
 7 i i ! i i i i i i i i i i 
 
 iO CN \<n \?< rOV< \<m \* hh CN cO\<n v 
 
 o 
 cu> 
 
 W-S..3 
 
 r 2 -a c.c.5 ^ w go 
 
 R 
 
 r r tr 
 
 cu cu cu 
 
 0000 00 
 
 cu 
 ^ R 
 
 §•-■ 
 
 •V 
 
 o 
 
 00 00 00 
 
 cu V 
 
 §§ 
 
 v. R 
 
 .a o 
 
 mm 
 
 cu 
 +-> 
 
 cu rd 
 
 '5 ° 
 R,C 
 
 ° b 
 
 ^^o 
 
 ojO O 
 
 ft & 
 ft 
 
37 
 
 CO cO 
 
 cO w O cO 
 
 O 
 cO 
 
 lO 
 
 cO 
 
 01 6 
 
 O 
 vO O 
 
 4- 6 4- oi 4- 4- 
 
 i i i i i i i 
 
 O C cOvO 
 
 3 
 en 
 
 tn 
 
 'o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O OftfO'tOO 
 
 tOM cO ~ 
 
 I I I i I i i 
 
 <N 00 O C 00 
 
 cO 
 I I I I I 
 
 So w> S So £ td 6 6^3 
 
 On0i0»0>-i00i-i 
 
 T 5 1 ? i i i H i 
 
 Ojciom h« \« m O V< 
 
 lO 
 
 <N cO cO 
 
 C 4" M M oo' <N 00* 00' 
 
 I I I I I T I I 
 
 o 
 
 ft 
 
 O _ _ cO 
 O m' cn d 
 
 CD cO 
 
 d d 4-vo oi 
 
 C 
 
 h C « IO00 M O 
 
 CO M 
 
 I I I I I I I 
 
 \C< iO h h cO\cj ID 
 
 MT3 ojO £ -D T3 T3 T3 
 I I I I I I I I 
 
 \<N \<N !T;IOM \C \<N HH 
 
 0) 
 
 in o pi o o -+ ooo omooooo x o m . 
 
 vO >-i vO O tO "OO ^3 cO co -+ cO *+ x" 
 
 cO t^ lO " x 
 
 1 I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I I w 
 
 . . vq co '^ 
 
 ioo6 io d »ooo' (n d din 4-d4-4-4-io4-4-io <tf 
 
 HI HH HH O f)H HH CN H- <-> 
 
 In . . +i 
 
 CdO MO'd'OrtS^ O X* OJ0T3 -O-O OTCd o ^ 
 
 N^-NOOMM W *mm X O X PI N \n N CO Hh mh 
 
 fOH M HH CO H<\ HH t-l fl , 
 
 I I I 1 I F I -v? I I I I I I I I III % 
 
 \<PI\ftOViPI\« [i h\nVi N ION h h O P)\« O^ - 
 
 m\ hJS_,.hN „\^ m\w\ m\ ^^ 
 
 curh O ^ X +^ £ 
 
 o £ Z ,4 PL, w co c/2 ^S.c/2 c/3 ^-^PhCoH ch £ a; 
 
 h^ a, Ph ct 1 +j v 
 
 ffl cococo w S\ 
 
38 
 
 
 
 fO O 
 O rOfO O 
 
 o 
 
 vO O 
 
 
 to 
 
 
 O O m -t- -to 
 
 O O <N LO Tf Tf- 
 
 M 
 
 o -i-o 
 
 o 
 z 
 
 Q 
 
 <5 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 o 
 
 H\0 O 
 
 O O rO\D to O 
 
 io 
 
 o 
 
 to O 
 
 1 
 
 V.O 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 to ^0 
 C vo o 
 
 
 o o o o o o 
 
 O O O' (N O i-i 
 
 o 
 
 o o o 
 
 
 H rj d $H J-i Sh 
 
 WIG C M JM.biO 
 
 6 'So &£ B B 
 
 £ 
 
 &s s 
 
 
 o 
 < 
 
 \<n lo O O O lo 
 
 h^£ H IT, O IT; = 
 
 „= o -to o 
 
 _, |m ro fO^O 
 
 1 1 1 I 1 1 
 CN '° iO\t) lO O 
 
 o 
 
 cO 
 
 O 
 
 
 -*- to 
 
 ^o O ~ 
 
 w ° ^ c **? 9 ^ . *1~ 
 
 z .S^ 6 d cs iAoo 6 h droc 4o6 4- ' io d 
 
 > +^ I " I I I I I llllll 11,1 
 
 & <U I I I I ! II III 
 
 ^ *■* O O mD to 
 
 Q q tovo o to o o . 9 . •"! 
 
 5 d d d cd -+■ d o d d d h n" ri d 06 d 
 
 <; ro 
 
 $ iee^& s&&se£ ^^s 
 
 t« n M O O "^h W _ba O * io (N O N m -f- r^vO 
 
 < I I I I I llllll I I I I 
 
 \* IO O M h _; I/O _ = O >— ! LO\^ Sn h CI CI 
 
 tO to 
 
 ^9 .... 9 . ". 
 
 d 4- c6 d d d to d 4 d 4- d to n d 4- 
 
 jj \D tO »-i M M N rO i-" <N 
 
 £ "E llllll I I I T I I I I T I 
 
 8 2 2> « 
 
 >* to fO O O ^O tO 
 
 6 d h 4d iod 4 d 4 d oo io 4 d d 4 
 
 5 COM V£> M .CO 
 
 * a 
 
 w c 
 
 IT) . ...... ...... . . . -, 
 
 P5 JH s_ <-• *-' N N *-< »-i j_ ;_ m ^ i_ ;-, i_ m ^ 
 
 O "5 MC'C O O bJO T3 SuCd O "C T3 Tl MO ( 
 
 O O N M m hn -tone -f^QO i-O "+C 
 
 hvO to Ot 
 
 < llllll llllll III 
 
 w § . is w 8 s,r 
 
 £■ g go b aag k £|* 
 c/2 c/2 enen men en en en mint* 
 
39 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 3 
 
 00 M 00 >- <N «-> O 
 
 OhiOO OnioO 
 
 CN m 
 
 CO O 
 | | 
 
 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 cO cOv£> cO (M. 
 
 lO^O cO <0 
 
 CN O O cO O \D cO 
 
 vO 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 'o 
 
 4- o •+6 6 6 6 
 
 oooocnoo^-i-o 
 
 O <N 
 
 hH O 
 
 rf 
 
 ^ 
 
 T3 bJO'S £ £ M&jO&OmS biB M OjO'O W) 
 
 
 OjO OjO 
 
 ct3 
 
 N O N lOO OOO 
 cO hh ro W 
 
 _ H CO CO H-I 
 
 O *d- 
 
 cO 
 
 f 1 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 hIOh lOO lOtO^-M^ilo \n 6 hh lio 
 
 lOrttas 
 
 
 ^D v£5 
 
 ^ rO iO 
 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 I>1 
 
 lO M. lO •+ lO (N CS 
 
 H n O m >tO fO'tn 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 UO O 
 
 w CO 
 1 1 
 
 ■3-0 
 
 1 1 
 
 X 
 
 
 iO cO cO^O O ^ 
 
 
 
 be 
 
 o 
 
 GO h-i 00 d. <* O h-i 
 
 OOOOCNOn-<GOO 
 
 rj-lO 
 
 (N O 
 
 re 
 
 lHu!hiHtHUu^hrJI-' | - | lHl-iHl-i 
 "d bjO"d 'd T3 OjO 0i3 OjO M G DjOT) OjO OJO r O bJO 
 
 ^ N 
 *d O 
 
 ±3 HH 
 
 T3 OX) 
 
 O 
 
 -|-0'-t-i- | '^-OO l oOOO^oo lOvO iO 
 -t" -r ro m rO h rO rl- h-i 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 M O 0) \^ Hi O IO00 10 100\< m lO 04 CO 
 
 -t" Hi 
 
 H- CN 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 O 
 
 •n 
 
 cr 
 
 N S^' N Vh' K] Vh ^ ^ J-J £ Vh J-< S-. J-; N S-. 5 5 id J3 K 
 
 o -d cd oddd'O c T d r d M^d o bx> o ctid m 
 
 o lOO -tooo cs -too CN oo o o io o co oo +10m +^> 
 
 O M O M ^O hh cOhiO ^O (N N h 
 
 i i i i i i i i i i i I i i i i i T i i i ^ 
 
 CO 
 
 CO <0 ^j 
 
 6 4o'oo 6 pioo « ci h <4o6 h 46 h do 06 od 6 $ 
 
 cO cO CO cO co^o ° 
 
 <u 
 
 
 
 M'tN^NNcOHNONOOO'+(N>0 M. *+vO "^ O 
 
 CO ON ^ ^ rn 
 
 I | | | | II 'I' W 
 
 hX hX. h\ HH M HI 
 
 <U * fl, 
 
 ■r h 1 1 1'l I |€i il 1 1 1 |s< s * i 
 
 as s & cd^^^.^o o n n u uz >h^ 
 
 u 
 
 o 
 
 •1-5 
 
 6 
 
 S 
 
 i^ 
 
 aj 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 (ij 
 
 
 |,2 
 
 c 
 
 0) 
 
40 
 
 
 
 »-' <N 4 4 
 
 ■4- 4- oo" 00* 
 
 VO 
 
 O vO vO rO 
 
 tOfONNOO Ohio 
 
 6 6 d d d d d d d 
 
 4 
 
 o 
 c 
 p 
 
 CD 
 
 i i i i 
 
 *OvD lO vO 
 
 o" d o" <n 6 
 
 1 1 1 1 
 6 6 <n oi 
 
 l I I I i I I l I 
 
 hi \0 NO 
 
 ro cONO NO O O O rO O 
 WHHOOOOOOM 
 
 i 
 
 d 
 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 < 
 
 ■ H H H Jh d 
 
 u, A t-i \-t 
 
 ojO C T3 X) 
 
 S OJO OjO OjO bJOW) £ S £ 
 
 £ 
 
 
 O iOO w o 
 O t^\cN o 
 
 O O (HM 
 
 vo vo 
 
 O 6\^\" 
 
 tO tO <N CO Jo i-h M M 00 
 
 i i i i r i i i i 
 
 N Nmm jojo Jo\n M 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 6 
 
 M > *0 <OnO c^iOO NO 
 
 £ . y hh cJ ro 4 >o oo' oo' m" m' hh d d d O m° cn n° 4 tr 
 
 5 "S i i i i T i mi i i i m i i i i T 
 
 C/j *_, NO 
 
 O NO O fOM N O fOrO cONO 
 
 hONOO 't^-'t'tOOOOOMHHM 
 
 U ,E2 I— i J— < J— i _t— ; 5—j S-hI—iW-iJ—i^-hVhJ—iV-^^hV-hS— ■<—'(— ^ 
 
 ►jj +-> OjO OjO OjO'O 13 ^TJ^T^CbJObjObjOOjOOJObjOGG 
 
 ^ S OOiOm -t NNtO^OOoOXHhOOOO 
 
 to to O V« M MHHHHMdtorOrOioOOOO 
 
 _ _ _| H.\ _, -^^^^^j- 
 
 < 
 
 
 Q 
 
 to to >o d d 
 
 
 d d 
 
 
 
 4 to ri (n 6 4 4o6 m' d 
 
 z 
 
 'C 
 
 CD 
 
 _ HH HH V£) (V) 
 
 i i i i T 
 
 
 vO nO 
 
 I i 
 
 
 
 l I I I I i I I I T 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 p 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ...... o , 
 
 y, 
 
 
 4 4 4 to d 
 
 
 6 6 
 
 
 
 <n 4 4 4 6 m' n 4o6 d 
 
 <j 
 
 
 HH <vO 
 
 
 to <o 
 
 
 
 rO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 ,£* 
 
 1-5 H Vh" CS3 N 
 
 
 N N 
 
 
 
 jJ (.] |J s_' j_; u u ^ J -^ N - 
 
 c 
 
 
 Ti^-d o o 
 
 
 o o 
 
 
 
 ■"d TD T3 r d OjOTJ T3 T3 T3 > O 
 
 w 
 
 o 
 
 Oh 
 < 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 — X" 
 
 
 CN CN 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 
 h i-rOfON h m pi ro^ rf 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 
 
 
 
 >! 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 a 
 
 oj o io~^r 
 
 'd on o c 
 
 
 
 hane 
 ropin 
 lago, Fid. 
 Ursi, Fid. 
 
 s- 
 
 
 
 C .S . oo on 3 
 
 
 
 5 
 u 
 
 22 
 
 rian 
 
 Fid. Ext 
 Tinct. 
 Tinct. A 
 Oil. 
 
 r, Ammo 
 Iron 
 Zinc 
 trine 
 trum Vii 
 Fid. Ext 
 Tinct. (i 
 Tinct. (i 
 rnum Pn 
 Fid. Ext, 
 
 
 
 tu +-> -*-" .v^ _» 
 CD <D O -m J« 
 
 
 jy 
 
 
 
 ale 
 
 era 
 
 era 
 
 ibu 
 
 
 
 S-, J-, S-, t/3 > 
 
 
 is 
 
 
 
 
 
 £££tD|D 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 > >> > 
 
41 
 
 ro rO rO O ^O 
 
 4" lO iO !-<' 
 
 ^•od d d d d d 6 d m' n d oo ■<*■ 
 i 1 | | | 1 i i i i i i i i 
 
 3 
 in 
 
 M 4" 4" O 
 
 <*0 OOOOO'-iOror'iO . O 
 
 xn 
 
 o 
 
 13 
 
 w 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 r-' H «H c* 
 
 c u ;J Vh' h K h H H H d Hi G 
 
 O f| N N « O |o rt « O O h M O 
 
 inL L k 
 
 IT) M H|WH|Wrt|« M Jo« 1-1 iO iO«;«"lf< O 
 
 a 
 
 od 6 4-od <n iokhh m d h d * » d ^ in 
 
 O OO0XO0CO ox -to o 
 
 I I I I 
 
 hqooo d 
 
 br 
 
 tv. 
 
 ' ? T nj, 
 
 d d od oJ 4-o6 d d d 6 6 6 6^^- 6 ^oo *o 
 
 13 O'd'O 'O'dbjObjOb/JtxOMojO MXi T3 ojO^ 1 X5 
 ThNvO M rc r|- O O O O r*a O vO N N vO ^ xj- 
 
 (N <N (N M M . , 
 
 I I I I llllllllllll'l 
 
 V, i N Hf. m n O 6 O jo O m hh i- r<0 M C) 
 
 i >,J tl iillMII ' 
 ^13 <N 
 
 o « • 
 
 ■SfiSfiJ s.s .a £ 
 
 >^^^X S3 S3 S3 X 
 
42 
 
 THERAPEUTIC TERMS. 
 
 Abluent. A cleansing agent. (Soap and water.) 
 
 Abortifacient. An agent causing premature 
 birth of young. (Ergot.) 
 
 Absorbent. An agent causing absorption of 
 exudates or diseased tissues. (Iodine, Chalk.) 
 
 Acrid. A sharp, biting substance. (Pepper.) 
 
 Adjuvant. A medicine that assists the action 
 of another. (Calomel with Aloes.) 
 
 Aliment. A material which nourishes. (Food.) 
 
 Alkaloid. A term derived from the Arabic 
 "Alkali" for Potash. The ending oid is from 
 the Greek which means like, hence "Alkaloid" 
 is a substance which reacts with litmus like an 
 alkali and forms a salt with an acid. The prefix 
 in "Alkali" is the Arabic "al" which is the definite 
 article, "the," hence "alkali" literally means 
 "the Potash." The modern use of the term alka- 
 loid, however, has no reference to potash, but 
 is used to designate a certain class of active prin- 
 ciples obtained from plants. They are organic 
 bases containing nitrogen and form salts with acids. 
 (Atropine.) 
 
 Alterative. A medicine used to modify nutri- 
 tion so as to overcome morbid processes. (Potas- 
 sium Iodide.) 
 
 Analgesic. A medicine used to alleviate pain. 
 (Opium.) 
 
 Anaphrodisiac. A medicine used to allay 
 sexual excitement. (Potassium Bromide.) 
 
 Anesthetic. An agent used to produce insen- 
 sibility to pain. (Chloroform.) 
 
43 
 
 Anhidrotic. An agent which lessens the secre- 
 tion of sweat. (Belladonna.) 
 
 Anodyne. An agent which diminishes sensi- 
 bility to pain. (Compound Spirit of Ether.) 
 
 Antacid. A medicine used to neutralize acids 
 in the stomach and intestines. (Liquor Potassae.) 
 
 Antagonist. A medicine which opposes the 
 action of another medicine in the system. (Potas- 
 sium Bromide and Strychnine.) 
 
 Anthelmintic. A remedy for destroying or 
 expelling worms or to prevent their development. 
 (Santonin.) 
 
 Antidote. A substance to counteract poisons. 
 (Sulphates in Carbolic Acid poisoning.) 
 
 Anti-emetic. An agent which allays vomiting. 
 (Bismuth Subnitrate.) 
 
 Antifebrile. An agent for the reduction of 
 fever. (Acetanilid.) 
 
 Antilithic. An agent tending to dissolve or 
 cure stone or gravel. (Potassium Citrate.) 
 
 Antiparasitic. A substance that destroys or 
 drives away insects. (Essential Oils.) 
 
 Antiperiodic. A medicine which tends to 
 prevent the periodic recurrence of disease. (Qui- 
 nine.) 
 
 Antiphlogistic. Any medicine or treatment 
 which tends to check inflammation. (Aconite.) 
 
 Antipyretic. A medicine to reduce body 
 temperatures in fevers. (Salicylic Acid.) 
 
 Antiseptic. An agent antagonizing sepsis or 
 putrefaction. (Carbolic Acid.) 
 
 Antispasmodic. A medicine for preventing or 
 relieving spasms. (Valerian.) 
 
44 
 
 Antithermic. An agent for the reduction of 
 high temperature. (Antipyrin.) 
 
 Antizymotic. A substance preventing fermen- 
 tation. (Salicylic Acid.) 
 
 Aperient. A mild agent for opening the bowels. 
 (Rochelle Salts.) 
 
 Aphrodisiac. An agent for stimulating sexual 
 power. (Damiana.) 
 
 Aromatic. A medicine possessing a spicy or 
 pungent taste and odor, and more or less stimu- 
 lating to the mucosa of the alimentary tract. (Car- 
 damom.) 
 
 Astringent. A medicine causing contraction 
 or constriction of tissues. (Tannin.) 
 
 Auxiliary. A medicine that assists another. 
 (Chloral with Potassium Bromide.) 
 
 Bitter. A medicine with a bitter taste stimu- 
 lating the gastro-intestinal mucosa without ma- 
 terially affecting the general system. (Gentian.) 
 
 Blenorrhagic. A remedy for increasing the 
 secretion of mucus. (Balsam Tolu.) 
 
 Blister. An agent, which when applied to 
 the skin, causes a local inflammatory exudation 
 of serum under the epidermis. (Cantharides.) 
 
 Cachexia. A term used to designate any mor- 
 bid tendency, dyscrasia, or depraved condition 
 of general nutrition, etc., used particularly in 
 connection with scrofula, syphilis, cancer, etc. 
 
 Calefacient. A medicine applied externally 
 to produce a sensation of warmth to the part to 
 which it is applied. (Mustard.) 
 
 Calm ant. A medicine which lowers func- 
 tional activity. (Aconite.) 
 
 Calmative. A medicine which quiets. (Mor- 
 phine.) 
 
45 
 
 Calorifacient. A substance which has the 
 power of developing heat in the system. (Fats, 
 Cod Liver Oil.) 
 
 Calorific. Same as Calorifacient. 
 
 Cardiac Depressant. A medicine to reduce 
 the heart's action. (Veratrine.) 
 
 Cardiac Stimulant. A medicine used to in- 
 crease the heart's action. (Digitalis.) 
 
 Carminative. A remedy which allays pain by 
 causing the expulsion of flatus from the alimen- 
 tary canal. (Asafetida.) 
 
 Cataleptic. An agent causing animals to lose 
 power over their muscles. (Cannabis.) 
 
 Catalytic. A medicine counter-acting or de- 
 stroying morbid agencies in the blood. (Calomel.) 
 
 Cathartic. A medicine which quickens or 
 increases evacuations from the intestines. (Castor 
 Oil.) 
 
 Cathartic, Cholagogue. An agent stimulating 
 the stool and flow of bile at the same time. (Podo- 
 phyllin.) 
 
 Cathartic, Drastic. A medicine producing 
 violent action of the bowels with griping pain. 
 (Jalap.) 
 
 Cathartic, Hydragogue. A remedy which 
 causes copious watery stools. (Elaterium.) 
 
 Cathartic, Saline. Neutral salts of metals 
 of the alkalies or alkaline earths which increase 
 the stools. (Magnesium Sulphate.) 
 
 Cathartic, Simple. A substance which causes 
 one or two actions of the bowels. (Senna.) 
 
 Caustic. An agent used to destroy living 
 tissue. (Silver Nitrate.) 
 
46 
 
 Cautery. A substance used to corrode or 
 destroy living tissues. (Nitric Acid.) 
 
 Cautery, Actual. A heated metal or fire 
 employed to destroy living flesh. 
 
 Cautery, Potential. A chemical used to 
 destroy flesh. (Nitric Acid.) 
 
 Chalybeate. A tonic containing iron. (Tinct- 
 ure of Chloride of Iron.) 
 
 Cholagogue. A drug provoking the flow of 
 bile. (Podophyllum.) 
 
 Condiment. A substance used to improve the 
 savor of food. (Salt, Pepper.) 
 
 Conservative. A substance used for the pres- 
 ervation of others. (Honey.) 
 
 Constringent. An agent producing constric- 
 tion of organic tissue. (Oak Bark.) 
 
 Convulsant. A medicine causing convulsions. 
 (Strychnine.) 
 
 Cordial. A medicine which increases the 
 strength and raises the spirits when depressed. 
 (Alcohol.) 
 
 Corrective. An agent used to correct or render 
 more pleasant the action of other remedies, especi- 
 ally purgatives. (Coriander.) 
 
 Corrosive. A substance which disorganizes 
 or destroys living tissue. (Nitric Acid.) 
 
 Counter Irritant. A remedy used to produce 
 an irritation in one part to relieve a pain in another 
 part. (Blister.) 
 
 Cumulative Poison. A poison which finally 
 acts with violence after several successive doses 
 have been taken with little or no apparent effect. 
 (Strychnine.) 
 
 Debilitant. An agent which diminishes the 
 energy of organs . ( Lobelia . ) 
 
47 
 
 Defervescent. An agent to reduce fever. 
 (Aconite.) 
 
 Deliriant. A substance which produces de- 
 lirium. (Stramomium.) 
 
 Delirifacient, (like deliriant). Tending to 
 cause delirium. (Alcohol.) 
 
 Demulcent. A mucilaginous or oily substance 
 to sooth and protect irritated mucous membranes. 
 (Ulmus.) 
 
 Deobstruent. A medicine to remove func- 
 tional obstructions in the system. (Aloes.) 
 
 Deodorant. A substance to conceal or destroy 
 foul odors. (Phenol.) 
 
 Deodorizer, (like deodorant) to hide or destroy 
 foul odors. (Chlorine.) 
 
 Depilatory. A substance to remove hair. 
 (Barium Sulphide.) 
 
 Depletive. A substance to reduce the vital 
 power of the system. (Aconite.) 
 
 Depletory. An agent to diminish the quantity 
 of liquid in the body. (Potassium Nitrate.) 
 
 Depressant. An agent to lower the vital 
 power. (Aconite.) 
 
 Depresso-Motor. A medicine to lessen motor 
 activity. (Bromides.) 
 
 Depurant. An agent to cleanse foul sores, 
 etc. (Hydrogen Dioxide.) 
 
 Depurative. A medicine to act upon the 
 emunctories so as to cause excretion and thereby 
 purify the system. (Hot Drinks.) 
 
 Depuratory. An agent to purify the blood, 
 etc. (Sulphur.) 
 
 Dermatic. A remedy used in skin diseases. 
 (Resorcin.) 
 
48 
 
 Dermic. A medicine acting through the skin. 
 (Liniments.) 
 
 Derivative. An agent to draw the fluids 
 from one part of the body to another to lessen or 
 relieve a morbid process. (Mustard.) 
 
 Desiccant. A medicine or application for 
 drying up sores. (Boric Acid.) 
 
 Desiccative. An application for drying up 
 secretions. (Zinc Oxide.) 
 
 Desiccatory. A remedy applied externally 
 to dry up the moisture or fluids from a wound. 
 (Starch.) 
 
 Desquamatic. A remedy to remove scales 
 from the skin or bones. (Potassium Iodide.) 
 
 Detergent. An agent to cleanse wounds and 
 ulcers. (Soap and Water.) 
 
 Diaphoretic. A medicine to produce sweating. 
 (Pilocarpine.) 
 
 Diarrhetic. A remedy producing profuse stools. 
 (Mandrake.) 
 
 Dietetic. A nutritious remedy. (Arrow-Root.) 
 
 Digestant. A substance to aid the solution of 
 food in the mouth, stomach, or intestines. (Pepsin, 
 Pancreatin.) 
 
 Digestive. A tonic which promotes digestive 
 processes. (Quassia.) 
 
 Diluent. A medicine to dilute secretions and 
 excretions. (Gamboge.) 
 
 Discutient. A remedy to effect the absorption 
 of tumors. 
 
 Disinfectant. A substance with the power 
 of destroying disease germs or the noxious properties 
 of decaying organic matter. (Formaldehyde.) 
 
49 
 
 Dissolvent. A remedy promoting solution of 
 tissue. (Iodides.) 
 
 Diuretic. A drug to increase the secretion of 
 urine. (Buchu.) 
 
 Drastic. An agent to cause violent action of 
 the bowels. (Croton Oil.) 
 
 Ecbolic. A drug to produce abortion. (Ergot.) 
 
 Electuary. A composition of soft consistence 
 taken internally to allay irritation or alleviate 
 disease. (Honey, Molasses.) 
 
 Eliminative. An agent to remove material 
 from the body. (Magnesium Sulphate.) 
 
 Emetic. A medicine to produce vomiting. 
 (Ipecac.) 
 
 Emmenagogue. A drug to stimulate menstru- 
 ation. (Potassium Permanganate.) 
 
 Emollient. A substance used externally to 
 mechanically soften and protect tissues. (Flax- 
 seed Poultice, Oils.) 
 
 Epispastic. An agent to produce a blister. 
 (Strong Ammonia.) 
 
 Errhine. An agent to increase the nasal 
 secretions. (Formalin.) 
 
 Escharotic. A substance to destroy tissue. 
 (Chromic Acid.) 
 
 Evacuant. A medicine to expel substances 
 from the body — chiefly with reference to the in- 
 testines. (Aloes.) 
 
 Excitant. An agent to arouse vital activity, 
 or to produce increased action in an organism 
 or any of its tissues. (Nux Vomica.) 
 
 Exhilarant. An agent to stimulate the mind. 
 (Alcohol.) 
 
50 
 
 Expectorant. A medicine to act upon the 
 pulmonary mucous membrane to increase or alter 
 its secretions. (Ammonium Chloride.) 
 
 Febrifuge. An agent to decrease fever. 
 (Aconite.) 
 
 Galactagogue. A medicine to increase the 
 secretion of milk. (Pilocarpine.) 
 
 Germicide. An agent to destroy parasites. 
 (Carbolic Acid.) 
 
 Hematinic. A tonic for the blood. (Hemo- 
 globin. Iron Preparations.) 
 
 Hemolytic. An agent which impoverishes the 
 blood. (Mineral Acids.) 
 
 Hemostatic. A remedy to check bleeding. 
 (Iron Subsulphate. Monsell's Powder.) 
 
 Hepatic Depressant or Sedative. A medicine 
 to decrease the functions of the liver. (Opium.) 
 
 Hepatic Stimulant. A drug to increase the 
 liver's functions. (Nitrohydrochloric Acid.) 
 
 Hydragogue. An agent causing full watery 
 discharges from the bowels. (Gamboge.) 
 
 Hydrotic or Hidrotic. An agent to produce 
 perspiration. (Spirit Nitrous Ether.) 
 
 Hyperesthetic. Increasing the sensitiveness 
 of the skin. 
 
 Hypnotic. A drug producing sleep. (Chloral.) 
 
 Hyposthenic. A debilitating medicine. (Lo- 
 belia.) 
 
 Incitant. A remedy to excite functional activity. 
 (Strychnine.) 
 
 Insecticide. A remedy to destroy insects. 
 (Benzine.) 
 
 Intoxicant. An agent to excite or stupefy. 
 (Alcohol.) 
 
51 
 
 Irritant. A substance causing irritation, pain, 
 inflammation and tension, either by mechanical 
 or chemical action. (Heat, Mustard.) 
 
 LACTAGOGUE. An agent to increase the secretion 
 of milk. (Malt.) 
 
 Laxative. A medicine acting mildly in opening 
 or loosening the bowels. (Sulphur.) 
 
 Lenitive. An agent having the quality of 
 easing pain or protecting tissues from the action 
 of irritants. (Oils.) 
 
 Liquefacient. An agent promoting the liquify- 
 ing processes of the system. (Iodine.) 
 
 Lithagogue. An agent to expel calculi from 
 bladder or kidney. (Benzoic Acid or Benzoates.) 
 
 Litholytic. An agent to dissolve gravel. 
 (Ammonium Benzoate.) 
 
 Lithontriptic. An agent to dissolve gravel. 
 (Potassium Carbonate.) 
 
 Local Anesthetic. A medicine to destroy 
 sensation, when applied locally. (Cocaine Hy- 
 drochloride.) 
 
 Local Astringent. An agent to contract the 
 tissues with which it comes in contact. (Lead 
 Acetate.) 
 
 Lubricant. An agent to soothe irritation in 
 the throat, fauces, etc. (Olive Oil. Honey.) 
 
 Mechanical. An agent acting on a physical 
 basis. (Slippery Elm.) 
 
 Medicament. Any agent used for curing 
 diseases or wounds. (Belladonna.) 
 
 Medicine. A substance administered in the 
 treatment of disease. (Arsenic.) 
 
 Mydriatic. An agent causing dilatation of 
 the pupil. (Atropine. Cocaine.) 
 
52 
 
 Myotic. A drug causing contraction of the 
 pupil. (Morphine.) 
 
 Narcotic. A powerful remedy causing stupor. 
 (Opium.) 
 
 Nauseant. A substance causing sickness in 
 the stomach. (Ipecac.) 
 
 Nephritic. Medicine used in renal diseases. 
 (Uva Ursi.) 
 
 Nervine. Medicine to calm the nervous system. 
 (Bromides.) 
 
 Neurotic. A medicine acting upon the nervous 
 system. (Camphor Monobromide.) 
 
 Nutrient. A substance to build up the wasted 
 tissues of the system. (Cod Liver Oil.) 
 
 Nutriment. Any substance which promotes 
 growth and repairs the waste of the tissues. (Food.) 
 
 Obtundent. An agent which relieves irritation 
 or reduces sensibility. (Opium.) 
 
 Odontalgic. An agent for the relief of toothache 
 (Oil of Cloves.) 
 
 Odorant. A substance with a pronounced 
 odor. (Musk.) 
 
 Opiate. A medicine causing sleep. (Opium, 
 Chloral.) 
 
 Oxytocic. An agent to aid or produce parturi- 
 tion. (Ergot. Cotton Root.) 
 
 Oxyuricide. An agent destructive to parasitic 
 (Oxyuris) worms. (Santonin.) 
 
 Pabulum. Any material which affords nourish- 
 ment to the tissues. (Food.) 
 
 Palliative. A remedy for the relief but not 
 necessarily the cure of a disease. (Morphine.) 
 
 Panacea. A remedy pretending to cure all 
 diseases. (Some Patent Medicines.) 
 
53 
 
 Parasiticide. A remedy for the destruction 
 of parasites. (Calcium Sulphide.) 
 
 Parturient or Parturifacient. A medicine to 
 aid in the birth of the young. (Ustilago.) 
 
 Peristaltic. A drug increasing the movement 
 or contraction of the intestines. (Stcry chine.) 
 
 Placebo. An inert substance given to satisfy 
 a patient. (Sugar of Milk, Bread Pill.) 
 
 Poison. A substance which in sufficient amount 
 is destructive to life. (Prussic Acid.) 
 
 Potential. A remedy which though power- 
 ful, is somewhat delayed in its action. (Arsenic.) 
 
 Preservative. An agent to prevent deteriora- 
 tion of another substance. (Boric Acid.) 
 
 Preventive. Any measure or agent which 
 retards or prevents disease. (Hygiene. Quinine 
 as a preventative of malaria.) 
 
 Prophylactic. A medicine to prevent the 
 taking or development of disease. (Vaccine.) 
 
 Protective. An agent to protect the part to 
 which it is applied. (Collodion.) 
 
 Pungent. An agent sharp and stimulating in 
 its action. (Ammonia.) 
 
 Purgative. A medicine to produce increased 
 discharges from the bowels. (Aloes.) 
 
 Pustulant. An agent which, when applied 
 externally, causes the formation of pus. (Croton 
 Oil.) 
 
 Recuperative. A medicine to restore strength. 
 (Cod Liver Oil.) 
 
 Refrigerant. An agent which produces the 
 sensation of coolness. (Alcohol externally.) 
 
54 
 
 Relaxant. An agent that relieves contracted 
 tissues, muscles, etc. (Chloroform.) 
 
 Remedy. An agent used in the treatment of 
 disease. (Medicine.) 
 
 Reparative. A substance to restore debilitated 
 tissues. (Food. Tonics.) 
 
 Resolvent. A remedy for the removal of 
 hard tumors. (Iodine.) 
 
 Restorative. A medicine for causing a return 
 of bodily vigor. (Arsenic. Strychnine.) 
 
 Revllsant or Revulsive. An agent that by 
 irritation, draws fluid from a distant diseased 
 part. (Cantharides.) 
 
 Rubefacient. An agent causing irritation and 
 redness of the skin. (Mustard.) 
 
 Saline. A cooling salt. (Magnesium Sulphate.) 
 
 Sedative. A medicine to decrease functional 
 activity. (Potassium Bromide.) 
 
 Septic. An agent that promotes putrefaction. 
 (Bacteria.) 
 
 Sialagogue. A medicine that promotes the 
 flow of saliva. (Pyrethrum. Pilocarpus.) 
 
 Simple Bitter. A drug with a bitter taste, 
 and tonic action. (Calumba. Quassia.) 
 
 Somnifacient. An agent to induce sleep 
 (Morphine.) 
 
 Soprofic. A drug causing drowsiness and 
 sleep. (Morphine.) 
 
 Sorbefacient. A medicine causing abortion. 
 (Ergot.) 
 
 Specific. A remedy supposed to exert a special 
 action in the prevention or cure of certain diseases. 
 (Quinine in Malaria, Potassium Iodide in Actino- 
 ymcosis.) 
 
55 
 
 Sternutatory. An agent causing sneezing. 
 (White Hellebore.) 
 
 Stimulant. A medicine to increase or quicken 
 functional activity. (Ammonium Carbonate.) 
 
 Stomachic. A drug to stimulate functional 
 activity of the stomach. (Gentian.) 
 
 Stomatic. A medicine used for diseases of 
 the mouth. (Potassium Chlorate. Borax.) 
 
 Stupefacient. A drug causing stupefaction. 
 (Opium.) 
 
 Styptic. Agents causing contraction of blood 
 vessels to check bleeding. (Alum.) 
 
 Succedaneum. A medicine that may be sub- 
 stituted for others possessing similar properties. 
 (Chloral for Potassium Bromide.) 
 
 Sudorific. A medicine or agent causing in- 
 creased sweating. (Jaborandi.) 
 
 Suppurant. A substance causing the formation 
 of pus. (Croton Oil.) 
 
 Synergist. A drug which cooperates or assists 
 the action of another. (Chloral with Bromides.) 
 
 Taenicide. A remedy for destroying tape 
 worms. (Male Fern.) 
 
 Taenifuge. An agent to expel tape worms. 
 (Areca Nut.) 
 
 Tetanic. A drug which increases the irrita- 
 bility of the cords or muscles producing spasms. 
 (Strychnine.) 
 
 Tonic. A medicine promoting nutrition and 
 giving tone to the system. (Arsenic.) 
 
 Topic or Topical. An external local remedy. 
 (Liniment.) 
 
 Toxic. A poisonous substance. (Phosphorus.) 
 
56 
 
 Tricophyia. Remedies promoting the growth 
 of the hair. (Pilocarpine.) 
 
 Uterine. An agent acting upon the uterus. 
 (Ustilago.) 
 
 Vehicle. A substance used as a medium for 
 the administration of medicines. (Syrups.) 
 
 Vermicide. An agent to destroy parasitic 
 worms. (Creosote.) 
 
 Vermifuge. An agent to expel parasitic worms. 
 (Arecoline Hydrobromide. Purgatives.) 
 
 Vesicant. A blistering agent. (Cantharides.) 
 . Virus. A poison causing a morbid process or 
 disease; a pathogenic organism. (Cowpox. Virus 
 of Rabies.) 
 
 Vulnerary. Any remedy or agent for healing 
 wounds. (Ointments, etc.) 
 
 Zoiatrica. Veterinary Medicines. 
 
 TERMINATION OF MEDICAL TERMS* 
 
 Ae-re-sis (airesis, a taking of anything.) Ex- 
 ample (dia, throughout), Di-a>re-sis, a breach of 
 continuity. 
 
 A-gogue (agogos, one who leads), denoting 
 substances which expel others. Example, chola- 
 gogues (chole, bile), purgatives expelling bile. 
 
 Ag-ra (agra, seizure), denoting seizure or pain, 
 generally applied to gout. Ex., Cheir-ag-ra (cheir) 
 gout in the hand. Ment-ag-ra (men turn, chin), 
 eruption on the chin. 
 
 Al-gi-a (algos, pain.) Ex., Ceph-al-al-gi-a 
 (kephale, the head). Neu-ral-gi-a, pain in a nerve. 
 
 Cele (kele, a tumor). Ex., (bonbon, the groin), 
 Bu-bon-o-cele, a tumor in the groin. 
 
 *Adapted from Hoblyn's Medical Dictionary. 
 
57 
 
 Ceph-a-lus (kephale, the head), denoting some 
 affection of the head. Ex., A-ceph-a-lus, without 
 a head. 
 
 Cra-ni-um (kranion, the skull), denoting the 
 head of anything; (olene, the ulna). O-le-cra-non, 
 the head of the ulna. 
 
 Dem-ic {demos, a people). En-dem-ic, dis- 
 eases in or among, or peculiar to a people. 
 
 En-ter-y (enter a, the bowels), denoting affec- 
 tions of the bowels. Ex. (dus. with difficulty) 
 Dys-en-ter-y, inflammation of mucous membrane 
 of large intestines. 
 
 Fa-ci-ent (fa-ci-o, to make), denoting the pro- 
 duction of any particular effect. Ex., Ru-be-fa-ci- 
 ent, a substance which makes the body red. 
 
 Form (forma, likeness), denoting resemblance, 
 Ex., A-e-ri-form, like air. 
 
 Fuge (fugo, I expel), denoting that which expels. 
 Ex., Feb-ri-fuge, a substance which expels fever 
 
 Gen — Gen-e-sis — Gen-ous (genesis, generation), 
 denoting production or generation. Ex., Oxygen 
 (oxus, acid), generating acid, as was supposed, 
 Ex-o-ge-nous, outside growing, applied to plants 
 growing by external increase. 
 
 Gnosis (gnosis, knowledge). Ex. (dia, through- 
 out). Di-ag-no-sis, distinction of diseases. 
 
 Graph-y (graphe, writing) a description of any- 
 thing. Ex., Ad-e-no-graphy, (aden, a gland), 
 a description of the glands. 
 
 Hex-i-a (exis, a habit), denoting an habitual 
 state. Cac-hex-i-a (kakos, bad), bad state of the 
 body. 
 
58 
 
 Lep-sy (lepsis, a taking), denoting the act of 
 taking). Cat-a-lep-sy (kata, thoroughly), a spasmo- 
 dic attack of the limbs retaining them in one position 
 
 Lo-gy (logos, an account), denoting a treatise 
 on or description of anything. Ex., Os-te-ol-o -gy 
 (osteos, a bone), a description of the bones. 
 
 Ly-sis (lusis, a loosening). Ex., A-nal-y-sis, 
 the resolution of a compound body into its con- 
 stituent parts. 
 
 Ma-ni-a (mania, madness). Ex., Mo-no-ma- 
 n-ia (monos, alone), madness on one subject. 
 
 Me-ter (metron, a measure). Ex., Ther-mom- 
 e-ter (tkerme, heat), a measurer of heat. 
 
 0-dyne — O-dyn-i-a (odune, pain). Ex., An-o- 
 dyne, without pain. 
 
 Oid (eidos, likeness). Ex., Ad-en-oid (aden- 
 gland), like a gland. 
 
 Oph-thal-mos (opthalmos, the eye). Xer-oph- 
 thal-mi-a (xeros, dry), dryness of the eye. 
 
 O-rex-i-a (orexis, appetite or desire). Ex., 
 An-o-rex-i-a, want of appetite. 
 
 Path-i-a — Pathy (pathos, affection). Ex., Ho- 
 moe-o-path-y (omoios, similar), the art of curing 
 by inducing a similar disease. 
 
 Pep-si-a (pepsis, digestion). Dys-pep-si-a (dus 
 with difficulty), difficult digestion. 
 
 Pha-gi-a (phago, to eat). Ex., Dys-pha-gi-a, 
 difficulty of swallowing. 
 
 Pho-bi-a (phobos, fear). Ex., Hy-dro-pho-bi-a 
 (udor, water), dread of water. 
 
 Pho-ni-a (phone, voice). Ex., A-pho-ni-a, loss 
 of voice. 
 
 Pho-rus (phero, I convey). Ex., Phos-phor-us 
 (phos, light), conveying light. 
 
59 
 
 Phy-sis (phusis, nature), denoting production 
 or existence. Ex., Sym-phy-sis (sum, with), the 
 growing together of bones, as of ossa pubis. 
 
 Ple-gi-a (plege, a stroke). He-mi-ple-gi-a (ITemi- 
 sits, half), a paralysis of one side of the body. 
 
 Pnoea {pnoia, breathing). Ex., Dys-pncea, 
 difficulty of breathing. 
 
 Ptosis (ptosis, a falling down). 
 Pty-sis (ptusis, a spitting). Ex., Hae-mo-pty- 
 sis (Haima, blood), a spitting of blood. 
 
 Rha-gi-a (rago, I burst forth). Ex., Haem-or- 
 rha-gi-a, a bursting forth of blood. 
 
 Raph-e (raphe, a scam). Ex., Staph-y-lor 
 raph-y, a sewing up of fissures of the palate. 
 . Rhoea (reo, I flow). Ex., Leu-cor-rhcea (Leukos, 
 white) a white discharge. 
 
 Sar-ca or Sar-ci-a (sarx, flesh). Ex., Poly- 
 sar-ci-a (polus, much), excess of flesh. 
 
 Scope — Sco-py (skopos, an inspection. Oph- 
 thal-mo-seope, an instrument to inspect the eye. 
 Stasis (istemi, I stand), denoting a standing 
 or position in a place. Ex., Met-a-sta-sis (meta, 
 a preposition denoting change from one place 
 to another), transference to another part. 
 
 Sto-ma (stoma, the mouth), Di-sto-ma (dis, 
 twice), two-mouthed. 
 
 Thesis (thesis, a position). Di-ath-e-sis, (dia, 
 throughout.) The condition throughout, consti- 
 tutional condition. 
 
 Tome — To-mv (tome, a section). An-at-o-my, 
 cutting up a dissection. Ker-a-tome, a knife for 
 dividing the cornea. 
 
 To-ni-a — To-nos (ionos, tension). Ex. 
 
60 
 
 A-to-ma | .,, , , 
 
 . , >■ without tone. 
 
 A-ton-ic ) 
 
 Tro-phy (trophe, nourishment). A-tro-phy, 
 defective nutrition. 
 
 U-re-sis — U-RI-A (ouresis, the act of discharging 
 urine). Ex., Dys-ur-i-a, difficulty of discharging 
 the urine. 
 
 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 
 
 A prescription may be defined as a written 
 order or formula of ingredients, with directions 
 to the compounder and instructions for the guidance 
 of the patient. The term is derived from the 
 Latin prae "before" and scriptum "written." 
 
 It is generally conceded that Latin is the best 
 language for prescriptions. It is a dead language 
 and therefore not subject to the variations which 
 modern languages are continually undergoing. 
 It is unchangeable the world over and a prescrip- 
 tion written in this country may be put up in a 
 foreign country with equal facility. The Latin 
 name of a drug is distinctive and as a rule means 
 only a given drug and ambiguity is therefore 
 avoided; in some of the modern languages a given 
 drug may have a variety of names, and in some cases 
 the same name is applied to different drugs. Finally 
 there is an element of secrecy which is often desirable 
 to prevent the patient or general public from 
 knowing what has been prescribed and there is 
 less likelihood of "self doctoring" or using the 
 prescription for some disorder for which it is not 
 applicable. 
 
61 
 
 A true principle of a prescription as based upon 
 a maxim of Asclepiades, curare cito, tuto et jucunde, 
 is to cure quickly, safely and pleasantly. According 
 to this rule the typical prescription should contain, 
 in the first place, an ingredient which is expected 
 to relieve or cure the patient and is therefore called 
 the basis; second, an ingredient designed to assist 
 the action of the basis so that it may do its work 
 more quickly, designated as the adjuvant; third, 
 a substance intended to correct or modify any 
 undesirable or injurious effect of the basis or 
 adjuvant, or to cause it to act more safely than 
 if used alone, and on this account is referred to 
 as a corrective; and fourth, a substance may 
 be added, which will give such form and consistence 
 to the preparation as to make it pleasant and 
 at the same time dilute the whole preparation to 
 the proper proportion for measuring out the intended 
 doses, termed the vehicle. The following table 
 will express the idea in a concrete form : 
 
 Curare (Cure) with the (Basis). 
 Cito (Quickly) " " (Adjuvant). 
 
 Tuto (Safely) " " (Corrective), 
 
 et 
 
 Jucunde (Pleasantly) " " (Vehicle). 
 
 In Veterinary practice jucunde is generally 
 ignored as the patients do not take to the idea 
 of medicines pleasantly as a rule, and the prin- 
 cipal use of the vehicle is to dilute the ingredients 
 to the proper dosage. 
 
 In addition to the ingredients other data are 
 given, such as the date, name of patient, direc- 
 
62 
 
 tions to the compounder and to the patient, and 
 the signature of the physician. Taking the pre- 
 scription in its entirety it may be divided as fol- 
 lows: 
 Superscription or heading includes the symbol 
 
 _R {Recipe) the first direction, "take." 
 Inscription, the ingredients, or basis, adjuvant, 
 
 corrective and vehicle. 
 Subscription, the directions to the compounder. 
 Transcription or Signature, the directions to the 
 patient and the signature of the prescriber with 
 the date. 
 
 In a simple prescription the basis may be the 
 only ingredient. In a compound prescription 
 (with two or more ingredients), the agents added 
 may be neither adjuvant nor corrective and yet 
 be a good prescription. It is desirable however, 
 to keep the consideration of a "typical" prescrip- 
 tion in mind. 
 
 Unusual doses of a powerful drug may be refused 
 by the pharmacist unless some indication is made 
 that the dose is intended. This is usually done 
 by underscoring the dose, or better yet writing 
 after it the abbreviation q. r. (Quantum Rectum.) 
 
 Practice makes proficiency in prescription writ- 
 ing. The prescription needs study as much as 
 any other subject and the student should practise 
 the writing of it, independently of any demand, 
 simply for the experience. 
 
 To the beginner the following general hints 
 from Sollman should be of benefit: "When writ- 
 ing a presciiption for a given condition, put down, 
 first, the name of the best remedy. Ask yourself 
 
63 
 
 whether there is any other drug which may be 
 employed to aid this. Put this down also. Then 
 consider in which form the medicine should be 
 administered, whether as liquid, powder, salve, 
 etc. This will usually determine which prepara- 
 tion of the ingredient is to be employed. Put 
 this down also. Then ask yourself what may be 
 added to render the mixture agreeable to the 
 patient. When this is written down, all the ingredi- 
 ents will be represented. Now look over this 
 carefully and see that there are no incompatibilities 
 and that the constituents are soluble if the mixture 
 is to be a liquid. Next insert the endings. Write 
 the directions to the dispenser. Now consider 
 the doses of the mixture, teaspoonful, tablespoonful, 
 etc., the approximate number of doses, and from 
 these calculate the size of the mixture. It should 
 be considered how many doses are to be taken 
 each day (on the basis of sixteen hours a day); 
 this, multiplied by the number of days, gives 
 approximately the size of the mixture. Then 
 write the directions to the patient. Now consider 
 how much of each ingredient is to be given at 
 each dose, multiply by the number of doses, and 
 write down the quantity. This finishes the prescrip- 
 tion. Look over the result carefully in the same 
 order." 
 
64 
 
 A tonic prescription for the horse illustrating 
 the points referred to may be given as follows: 
 
 Mr. G . Bay Mare, Daisy. 
 
 Superscription, _"R 
 
 Inscription, 
 
 Apoth. Met. 
 
 (Basis) Nucis Vomicae pulv., O ^a 
 
 (Adjuvant) Ferri Sulphatis pulv.. 5 
 
 vj 24 
 
 (Corrective) Aloes Barbadensis pulv., £> 10 
 
 (Vehicle) Syrupi Zingiberis, q. s. 
 Subscription. Misce et riant boli sex. 
 Transcription or signature. 
 
 Give one ball morning and night. 
 
 Richard Roe, D.V.M., 
 
 Jan. 2, 1905. 148 Second Street. 
 
 The metric system is coming more and more 
 into use so that a knowledge of it will in a few 
 years be indispensable. The beginner should 
 learn to write his prescriptions in both the apothe- 
 cary and metric systems. 
 
 The ingredients of a prescription are frequently 
 abbreviated and although writing out in full is 
 better there is no special objection to the former 
 practice if there is no ambiguity in the abbrevia- 
 tions. Grievous errors have occurred in this 
 way and too much caution cannot be exercised 
 in making the meaning clear, so that the most 
 ignorant drug clerk may avoid error. 
 
 Numerous examples of ambiguous abbrevia- 
 tions might be given, but a few mentioned below 
 will serve as examples: 
 
65 
 
 Avid hyd. may mean either hydrobromic, hydro- 
 chloric, hydriodic, or hydrocyanic acid. 
 Chlor. may mean chlorine, chloroform, chloral 
 
 hydrate, chlorate or chloride. 
 Hydr. Chlor. may mean calomel, corrosive, sub- 
 limate, hydrate of chloral, or hydrastin hydro- 
 chloride. 
 
 The context may often assist in arriving at 
 the correct meaning of the abbreviation but it is 
 not safe in all cases to depend upon this. 
 
 A limited knowledge of Latin will serve to enable 
 one to write prescriptions properly. The student 
 becomes familiar with the Latin names of drugs 
 if he has studied his Materia Medica faithfully. 
 The principal difficulty that he encounters is 
 in making the changes necessary for the correct 
 grammatical wording to the dispenser and the 
 grammatical ending of the ingredients and their 
 quantities. 
 
 The following simple rules taken from Mann, 
 will, it is believed, enable one not previously ac- 
 quainted with Latin, to write proper prescriptions 
 with correct endings. 
 
 Rule I. The noun expressing the name of the 
 medicine is put in the genitive case, when the 
 quantity of it to be used is expressed. 
 
 'Rule II. If no quantity is expressed, but 
 only a numeral adjective follows, the noun is put 
 in the accusative. 
 
 Rule III. The quantity is put in the accusative 
 case governed by the imperative Recipe. 
 
 Rule IV. Adjectives agree with these nouns 
 in gender, number and case. 
 
 For every day practice the accusative of the 
 
66 
 
 quantity is seldom written out but is usually expres- 
 sed by the more convenient symbols. The principal 
 difficulty is the formation of the genitive case. 
 The following rules (Mann) will assist in overcoming 
 the difficulty. They apply only to pharmacopceial 
 nouns. 
 
 RULES FOR FORMATION OF GENITIVE CASE. 
 
 I. All nouns ending in a form the genitive in 
 os as quinina, quininse. Exception. — Physostig- 
 ma, Physostigmatis , Coca is unchanged. Folia 
 is plural, Genitive Foliorum. 
 
 II. All nouns ending in us, urn, os. on, form 
 the genitive in i as Conium, Conii. Exceptions 
 — Rhus, gen. Rhois, Flos, gen. Floris, Erigeron, 
 gen. Erigerontis, Fructus, Cornus, Qutrcus, Spiritus, 
 do not change. 
 
 III. All other nouns of whatever termination 
 make the genitive in s, or is, chloral, gen. chloralis. 
 vSome lengthen the termination thus: 
 
 as genitive atis as Acetas, Acetatis. 
 
 is " idis as Anthemis, Anthemidis. 
 
 o " onis as Pepo, Peponis. 
 
 x " cis as Cortex, Corticis. 
 
 There are a few exceptions. Asclepias, gen. 
 Asclepiadis; Mas, gen. Maris; Phosphis, Sulphis, 
 etc. gen. His; Mucilago, gen. Mucilaginis; Solidago, 
 gen. Solidaginis, etc. 
 
 The following words do not change in their 
 genitive* Amyl, Azedarach, Berberis, Buchu, 
 Cajuputi, Cannabis, Catechu, Condurango, Cor- 
 
 *Those in italics are indeclinable, those in us are of the 
 fourth declension; the others are of the third. Apiol and 
 Sumbul are given as indeclinable by some authorities. Dungli- 
 son gives Apiolum, i; Sumbul, i; Amyl, Amylis is also given. 
 
67 
 
 nus, Curare, Fructus, Digitalis, Hydrastis, Ja- 
 borandi, Kino. Matico, Quercus, Sassafras, Sago, 
 Sinapis, Spiritus. 
 
 It is seldom necessary to use the accusative 
 of the nouns expressing the ingredients, only 
 when the quantity is omitted, and a numeral adjec- 
 tive takes its place. 
 
 As before stated, the use of the appropriate 
 symbols renders it unnecessary, as a rule, to write 
 out in the accusative the words expressing quantity. 
 Sometimes, however, it is desirable to do so, and the 
 following simple rules for the formation of the accusa- 
 tive of these words are appended : 
 
 I. Nouns expressing quantity ending in a, 
 are feminine and make the accusative singular 
 in am and the plural in as. Example, Drachma, 
 ace. sing. Drachmam, pi. Drachmas. 
 
 II. Those ending in um or us make the accusative 
 singular in um. The accusative plural of those in 
 us is os, and of those in um is a. Those in us are 
 masculine, those in um are neuter. 
 
 Congius, ace. sing. Congium, ace. pi. Congios. 
 Granum, " " Granum, ace " Grana. 
 
 The adjectives are declined like the nouns. 
 The numeral cardinal adjectives are indeclinable 
 except unus, duo and tres. 
 
 They are thus declined. 
 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 Neut( 
 
 Nom. 
 
 unus, 
 
 una, 
 
 unum, 
 
 Gen. 
 
 unius, 
 
 unius, 
 
 unius. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 unum, 
 
 unam, 
 
 unum, 
 
68 
 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 Nom. 
 
 duo, 
 
 duae, 
 
 duo. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 duorum, 
 
 duarum, 
 
 duorum. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 duos, 
 
 duas, 
 
 duo. 
 
 Nom. 
 
 tres, 
 
 tres, 
 
 tria. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 trium, 
 
 trium, 
 
 trium. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 tres, 
 
 tres, 
 
 tria. 
 
 The following is a list of some of the more 
 quently used numeral adjectives: 
 
 fre- 
 
 1 
 
 CARDINALS 
 
 ORDINALS 
 
 I 
 
 I Unus 
 
 ist Primus 
 
 2 
 
 II Duo 
 
 2nd Secundus 
 
 3 
 
 III Tres 
 
 3rd Tertius 
 
 4 
 
 IV Quatuor 
 
 4th Quartus 
 
 5 
 
 V Quinque 
 
 5th Quintus 
 
 6 
 
 VI Sex 
 
 6th Sextus 
 
 7 
 
 VII Septem 
 
 7th Septimus 
 
 8 
 
 VIII Octo 
 
 8th Octavus 
 
 9 
 
 IX Novem 
 
 9th Nonus 
 
 IO 
 
 X Decern 
 
 ioth Decimus 
 
 II 
 
 XI Undecim 
 
 nth Undecimus 
 
 12 
 
 XII Duodecim 
 
 1 2th Duodecimus 
 
 13 
 
 XIII Tredecim 
 
 13th Tertius decimus 
 
 14 
 
 XIV Quatuordecim 
 
 14th Quartus decimus 
 
 15 
 
 XV Quindecim 
 
 15 th Quintus decimus 
 
 16 
 
 XVI Sexdecim 
 
 16th Sextus decimus 
 
 17 
 
 XVII Septendecim 
 
 17th Septimus decimus 
 
 18 
 
 XVIII Octodecim 
 
 1 8th Octavus decimus 
 
 19 
 
 XIX Novendecim 
 
 19th Nonus decimus 
 
 20 
 
 XX Vigenti 
 
 20th Vicesimus 
 
 21 
 
 XXI Vigenti unum 
 
 2 ist Vicesimus primus 
 
 22 
 
 XXII Vigenti duo 
 
 22nd Vicesimus secundus 
 
 30 
 
 XXX Triginta 
 
 30th Tricesimus 
 
 40 
 
 XL Quadraginta 
 
 40th Quadragesimus 
 
 50 
 
 L Quinquaginta 
 
 50th Quinquagesimus 
 
 6o 
 
 LX Sexaginta 
 
 60th Sexagesimus 
 
 70 
 
 LXX Septuaginta 
 
 70th Septuagesimus 
 
 8o 
 
 LXXX Octaginta 
 
 80th Octogesimus 
 
 90 
 
 XC Nonaginta 
 
 90th Nonagesimus 
 
 100 
 
 C Centum 
 
 1 ooth Centesimus 
 
69 
 
 The verbs are nearly all used in the impera- 
 tive mood; being addressed to the compounder. 
 The following are some of the more common ex- 
 amples: Recipe, take; Misce, mix; Signa, mark; 
 Divide, divide; Mitte, send; Pone, put; Extende, 
 spread, 
 
 A few verbs are, however, in the subjunctive 
 mood of mild command, taking the subject referred 
 to in the nominative case, e.g., fiat, plural fiant, 
 let be made. Detur, plural dentur, let be given. 
 sufficiat, may suffice. Repetatur, let it be repeated. 
 
 Only a few prepositions are commonly used; 
 they are ad, to; ana (Greek), abbrev. a a, of each; 
 cum, with; in, into; ad and in govern the accusative, 
 cum, the ablative and ana the genitive cases. 
 
 The following phrases are used: Fiat lotio. 
 Let a lotion be made. Dividatur in partes cequales. 
 Let it be divided into equal parts. Dentur tales 
 doses. Let such doses be given. Quantum sufficiat, 
 abbrev. q. s., as much as may suffice. Ne repetatur. 
 Do not repeat. 
 
 The following abbreviated prescription may 
 be used, when written out in full and rendered 
 into Latin, to illustrate many of the points already 
 referred to: 
 
 R Powd. Scammony, 9s 
 
 fss 
 
 " Jalap, gr v 
 
 Calomel, gr — 
 
 in 
 
 M. Fiat pulvis purgans. 
 The prescription is taken from Pereira and 
 Griffiths and when put into Latin would appear 
 and be explained as follows : 
 
h U & g" 
 
 s 3 c 
 
 I 1 1 
 
 tj cu 3 ^ 
 
 cu 
 
 G 
 CO 
 
 3 ^ 
 
 « b 5 n 
 
 go rt 8 42 
 
 G 'G "3 
 
 C_> i 3 <5 
 
 a- 43 
 
 G G 
 w to 
 
 ,— G 
 
 G - 
 
 >: 
 
 of 8 
 > P 
 
 o .-^ 
 
 ^Bd 
 
 45 'g ^ 
 
 G O x! 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 53 w 
 
 CO CO 
 
 5 o 
 
 — CO § 
 
 ^ O _^ 
 P. to 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 > s 
 o -^ 
 
 42 
 
 G 8 £ 
 
 70 
 
 cu oj 
 
 
 q^ g 
 
 > G £ oo 5 oj 
 
 > G £ w SJ rt 
 
 •£ rt & 42 ^ O 
 
 O 03 P <H T-j 
 
 rV .y 2 43 G ^ 
 
 >> > rt 
 
 S o « 
 
 a3 
 
 ■rt ^ 
 
 »J 
 
 42 > 
 
 cu 
 W > 
 
 42 
 g 
 
 3* 
 
 <U 
 
 
 cu 
 
 two G 
 
 G fa 
 
 T 
 C 
 
 Pi 
 o3 
 
 o3 
 PI 
 
 * 
 
 si 
 
 CD 
 
 
 Pi 
 
 
 3 
 
 0) 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 > 
 
 e 
 
 
 
 o 
 b/o 
 
 'co 
 
 C 
 
 cu 
 
 
 
 cu 
 
 o 
 
 
 h 
 
 
 pi 
 
 >> 
 
 cu 
 
 cu 
 
 a3 
 
 rt 
 
 ^ 
 
 ; 9 
 
 CO 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 •S 
 
 6 
 
 CJ 
 
 p 
 
 
 Pi 
 
 a3 
 
 Cut) 
 
 C 
 
 pj 
 
 
 to 
 Pi 
 
 
 ,3 
 
 cu 
 
 > 
 
 > 
 
 "8 
 
 +J 
 
 fl 
 
 '+3 
 
 
 
 
 '3 
 
 bye 
 
 w 
 
 CU 
 
 cu 
 
 cu 
 
 > 
 
 
 cu 
 
 cu 
 
 pj CU 
 
 ^ CU 03 
 
 O . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 42 
 
 S 4 ^o 
 
 Pi cu 
 
 3^ 
 
 "-" o3 cu 
 1-1 t/3 r! 
 <D cd B 
 
 ^ cu 
 
 ^ O ° | 
 
 •jr* CU <C 
 
 rt S)43 5S ^ 
 
 ^ P! 
 
 > 
 o 
 
 43 
 
 rt 
 
 LO 
 
 rt 
 cu 
 9 3 
 
 cu cu ^ j_T 8 G 
 
 3 < cu " pi •"£ •- 
 
 « ^ a w Q 
 
 CU 
 
 M P 
 
 ^ 13 p; G To .§ 
 
 - n g | ■ « | ■•* 
 
 ^ O in j; T) U 
 
 cu c cu m G 3j 
 
 > G Ph rt G ^ 
 
 H cu d <y 6jo G 
 
 
 O ^ .> 
 
 
 . cu 
 
 1) 
 
 G 
 
 cu 
 42 
 
 P< 
 
 05 
 H 
 
 o 
 
 G 
 
 G 
 
 ^ 
 
 73 
 
 G 
 
 G 
 
 •-g 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 +-> 
 
 in 
 
 b 
 
 T3 
 G 
 P 
 
71 
 
 w <u £ ^ • ?" 
 3 «£ &1£ 
 
 < G o3 
 
 g a . * 
 
 > 
 
 t3 > h 2 w> 
 
 cd -H <4 SI C 
 
 £ 3 
 
 P4 
 
 fl b 
 
 O 
 
 
 s s 
 
 3 "'" 
 
 
 3'S 
 
 |_| 
 
 - o > 
 
 CD 5fl *> 
 
 
 rt 
 
 
 
 W Ph 
 
 
 bfl ^ 
 
 nomma 
 
 gular, 
 
 Agreein 
 
 en 
 
 I 
 
 o ™ 
 
 Oh to 
 
 Sf i 
 
 
 c a 
 
 
 o3 3 
 
 
 w C/2 
 
 'a 
 
 8 03 
 
 
 i 5 to > a c 
 
 '-*-< i. 
 O & 
 
 w 
 o 
 
 8 "3 
 
 11 
 
 0) 
 
 > 
 
 '5 
 <d 
 
 M 
 of 
 
 C/3 
 
 o 
 
 Ih 
 
 M 
 G 
 '53 
 
 2 
 
 > 
 
 -O 55/1 
 '< ^ 
 
 o3 cd 
 
 0) 
 
 CD 0) 
 
 C(J CD 
 
 s ^ 
 
 a 
 
 CD 
 > 
 
 -P 
 O 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 lH 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 yi5, factus, sum, 
 ve\,fui, fieri. 
 Neuter agreeing 
 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 a 
 
 z 
 z 
 
 a 
 
 s 
 
 O 
 in 
 Ih 
 
 CD 
 
 ft 
 
 i c a 
 
 
 <0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <U CD 
 
 
 
 
 "-J 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CD 
 
 
 11 § 
 
 
 P$~ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 II -1 
 
 oj 
 
 Ih 
 CD 
 ft 
 
 
 a 
 
 CD 
 w 
 
 a g> to 
 
 1 
 
72 
 
 A few drugs in a prescription are usually better 
 than many. It is irrational to combine a number 
 of agents (shot gun prescription) without especial 
 attention to the specific action of each. 
 
 In constructing a prescription, it is first neces- 
 sary to decide upon the proper remedial agents; 
 then upon the size of the dose and lastly the number 
 of doses to be given. The prescription on p. 64 
 written out to show these details would be as 
 follows : 
 
 Nucis Vomicae, (single dose 3 j X6 = ) 3vj 
 Ferri Sulphatis, ( " " 3j X6 = ) 3vj~ 
 
 Aloes Barb., ( " " 5ss X6=) 3nj 
 
 Syrupi Zingiberis, q. s. 
 
 Mix and make into six balls. 
 
 In practice the multiplication of single doses 
 is carried out mentally and the product only is 
 written down. 
 
 The Roman numerals should always be used 
 to designate the quantities; thus: i, ij, iij, iv, 
 v, vj, vij, viij, ix, etc. Always dot each i to avoid 
 mistakes; the last i is usually made in the form 
 of a j to show that it is the last of a series. 
 
 AN EASY METHOD OF WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS IN 
 THE METRIC SYSTEM (AFTER LEONARD). 
 
 In a two ounce prescription a single dose, in 
 grains or minims, is given in the same figures as 
 the total amount of the drug in the prescription 
 
73 
 
 expressed in grams or cubic centimeters, as for 
 example : 
 
 R Fluidextracti Belladonnae Radicis 
 
 (2 minims dose) = 2 cc. 
 Potassi Bromidi (8 grains dose) = 8 grams 
 Aquae q. s. 2 fluid ounces = 60 cc. 
 In a two ounce prescription there would be 
 fifteen doses. In a gram or 1 cc. there are ap- 
 proximately 15 grains or minims; the basis is 
 therefore 15 to 1. In a one ounce mixture there 
 would be one half the above amounts; in a four 
 ounce prescription there would be twice the above 
 amounts. Or the same amounts of the drugs 
 may be used in a four, six or eight ounce mixture 
 as for the two ounce mixture and the dose corres- 
 pondingly doubled, trebled or quadrupled. 
 
 coleman's easy method of writing prescriptions. 
 
 "It may be assumed for the purpose of writing 
 prescriptions, that there are fifteen doses of a 
 teaspoonful each in a 2 ounce mixture; 30 in 
 a 4 ounce mixture; 60 in an 8 ounce mixture. 
 Only in the case of dangerous drugs is a more 
 accurate estimation necessary. 
 
 In a 4 ounce mixture, then, with a teaspoonful 
 dose, each dose will contain 1-30 of the total 
 amount of any drug which may be in solution 
 or uniform suspension. 
 
 In the case of drugs with a usual dose of about 
 5 gr. or m., 1 dram may be taken as the basis of 
 calculation. 
 
 If 1 dram of a drug be added to a four ounce 
 
74 
 
 mixture, each teaspoonful will contain 1-30 of 
 a dram, or 2 grains or minims. 
 
 Taking 2, then, as a unit, it is only necessary 
 to find the multiple of 2 which will give the desired 
 dose and this will represent the number of drams 
 to be put into the prescription. 
 
 To take an example, 
 
 *>■. 
 
 Tincturae Opii Camphoratae, (dose 15 m.) 
 
 2X7|=3vij ss 
 Salol, (dose 5 gr.) 2X2£ =3ij ss 
 
 Misturae Cretae, q. s. ad 5 iv 
 
 M. et Sig. 
 
 In a 2 ounce mixture, each teaspoonful will 
 contain 1-15 of a dram, or 4 gr. or m. 
 
 In an 8 ounce mixture, each teaspoonful will 
 contain 1-60 of a gr. or m. 
 
 From the above statements the following rule 
 may be formulated: 
 
 Divide 60 (one dram) by the number of doses 
 in the prescription and multiply the result by 
 the numeral necessary to give the desired dose. 
 This numeral will represent the number of drams 
 to be used. 
 
 In the case of drugs with a maximum dose. of 
 less than a grain, 1 grain instead of 1 dram may 
 be taken as the basis of calculation. Thus, if 
 one grain be added to a 4 ounce mixture with a 
 teaspoonful dose, each dose will contain 1-30 of 
 a grain." 
 
 The above methods are applicable especially 
 in human and canine practice. 
 
75 
 
 LEONARD S QUICK WAY OF REDUCING PERCENTAGES. 
 
 Rule I. Call the numerator of the fraction 
 one grain. 
 
 Rule II. Double the first figure of the denomi- 
 nator and call this ounces. This will then give 
 almost mathematically correct reductions. 
 
 Thus: 1 to 1,000 would be 1 grain to 2 ounces; 
 I to 2,000 would be one grain to 4 ounces; 1 to 
 3,000 would be 1 grain to 6 ounces; 1 to 4,000 
 would be 1 grain to 8 ounces ; 1 to 5,000 would be 
 I grain to 10 ounces and so on. If you want 1 
 to 500, this would be one grain to 1 ounce — there 
 being 480 (approximately 500) grains or minims 
 to the ounce. One to 100 would be 5 grains to 
 1 ounce. 
 
 By committing these two simple rules to memory, 
 an instantaneous reduction for any percentage 
 mixture can be made to the apothecary's basis." 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
 
 Those most generally used by the physicians 
 and pharmacists in the United States are the 
 Troy or Apothecaries' Weights, and the Wine 
 or Apothecaries' Measures. The Metric System, 
 however, has been recognized to such a great 
 extent that it has become a necessity for physicians 
 to become familiar with it. 
 
 TROY OR APOTHECARIES' WEIGHTS. 
 
 Pound Ounce Drachm Scruple Grain 
 (Libra) (Undo) (Drachma) (Scrupulum) (Granum) 
 
 lb. 1 
 
 12 = 
 
 96 
 
 = 28S 
 
 = 
 
 5760 
 
 5i = 
 
 8 
 
 = 24 
 
 = 
 
 480 
 
 
 oi 
 
 3 
 
 = 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 3i 
 
 = 
 
 gr. 20 
 
76 
 
 WINE OR APOTHECARIES MEASURES. 
 
 Gallon Pint Fluidounce Fluidrachm Minim 
 (Congius) (Octarius) (Fluiduncia) (Fluidrachma) {Minimum) 
 
 Cong. 1=8 = 128 = 1024 = 61440 
 
 01 = 16 = 128 = 7680 
 
 f5l = 8 = 480 
 
 f5l = M 60 
 
 AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHTS. 
 
 Pound 
 
 Ounce 
 
 Grain 
 
 {Libra) 
 
 (Uncia) 
 
 (Granum) 
 
 lb. 1 = 
 
 16 = 
 
 7000 
 
 
 oz. 1 = 
 
 gr. 437^ 
 
 To avoid misapprehension in the use of the 
 apothecary and avoirdupois systems, the sym- 
 bols lb., 5, 3, 9, should be consistently used for 
 the apothecary and the abbreviation lb., oz., gr., 
 for the avoirdupois. The abbreviation for the 
 Troy pound is characterized by the cross line 
 drawn through the letters lb and should always 
 mean twelve ounces, while the avoirdupois pound 
 (lb.) stands for sixteen ounces. The symbol 5 
 means an apothecaries' ounce of 480 grains, while 
 "oz." means an avoirdupois ounce of 437| grains. 
 The grain weight is the same for both systems 
 and the abbreviation gr. will cause no confusion. 
 The grain is therefore the unit in both systems 
 and the term is derived from the old system of 
 weighing, which required that there should be used 
 a "grain of wheat, well dried and gathered out of 
 the middle of the ear." The abbreviation gr., 
 for grain, should be consistently used in the apothe- 
 cary system, gm. for gram, in the metric system. 
 
77 
 
 In using the metric system of weights the gram 
 is ordinarily used as the standard and the other 
 subdivisions are reckoned from it. 
 
 METRIC WEIGHTS. 
 
 10 milligrams (mg.) make 1 centigram (eg.) 
 10 centigrams make 1 decigram (dg.) 
 
 10 decigrams make 1 gram (gm.) 
 
 1000 grams make 1 kilogram (kilo). 
 
 METRIC MEASURES. 
 
 1000 Cubic centimeters (cc.) (Milliliters) make 
 1 liter (L.) 
 
 1 Gram equals the weight of 1 cc. of distilled 
 water at a temperature of 4° C. 
 
 TABLE OF APPROXIMATELY 
 
 1 milligram .001 
 1 centigram .01 
 1 decigram .1 
 1 gram 
 
 4 grams ( 3.9 gm.) 
 
 30 grams ( 31.1 gm.) 
 
 500 grams (453.6 gm.) 
 
 1 kilogram 
 1-64 grain = 1 milligram 
 1-6 grain = 1 centrigram 
 1 grain 
 15.43 grains 
 
 1 dram (apoth.) 
 1 ounce (apoth.) 
 1 minim 
 16 minims 
 1 fluidram 
 1 fluidounce 
 
 EQUIVALENT WEIGHTS. 
 
 = 1-64 grain 
 = 1-6 grain 
 
 = \V 
 
 grains 
 
 (av.) 
 
 = 15)4 grains 
 = 1 dram 
 = 1 ounce 
 = 1 pound v 
 = 2 1-5 pounds (av.) 
 = .001 gram 
 = .01 gram 
 = .065 gram 
 = 1 . gram 
 = 3.90 grams 
 = 31.1 grams 
 = .061 cc. 
 =1. cci 
 = 3.75 cc. 
 = 30. cc. 
 
78 
 
 1 cc. =16 minims 
 
 4 cc. (3.7 cc.) =1 fluidram 
 
 30 cc. = 1 fluidounce 
 
 To convert grains into centigrams, multiply 
 by 6.5. Thus 3 grains mutliplied by 6.5 equals 
 19.5 centrigrams, or 10 grains equals 65 centi- 
 grams or .65 gram. To convert centigrams into 
 grains divide by 6.5. Thus 26 centigrams divided 
 by 6.5 equals 4 grains. 
 
 DOMESTIC MEASURES. 
 
 A drop, gutta, (gtt.) is usually reckoned at about 
 one minim. 
 
 A tea-spoonful is about one fluidram. 
 
 A table-spoonful is about one-half fluidounce. 
 
 A wine-glassful is about two fluidounces. 
 
 A tea-cupful is about five fluidounces. 
 
 A breakfast-cupful is about eight fluidounces. 
 
 A tumblerful is about eight fluidounces. 
 
 Domestic measures vary considerably. There 
 may be from 50 to 150 drops in a fluidram, a tea- 
 spoon generally holds more than one dram, even 
 as much as 2 drams or more. Cups and glasses 
 also vary widely. 
 
 THE PRINCIPLES OF COMBINING DRUGS 
 IN A PRESCRIPTION. 
 
 Although the tendency in modern therapeutics 
 is toward simplicity rather than complexity in 
 prescriptions, one may go to the extreme even in 
 this direction. There is no doubt but that in 
 very many cases a judicious combination of drugs 
 will produce effects of a beneficial character which 
 might be sought in vain from the use of a single 
 
remedy. A "shot gun" prescription, containing 
 a great number of remedies introduced with the 
 idea that by some lucky chance one or more of the 
 ingredients may hit the disorder, is thoroughly 
 unscientific and not to be encouraged. 
 
 The rational combination of drugs was, perhaps 
 first discussed fully by Dr. John Ayrton, Paris 
 (Paris Pharmacologia, 1822). His treatment of 
 the question has been so clear and exhaustive, 
 that there has been but little room for improvement. 
 The following paragraphs are based principally 
 upon his work: 
 
 1. The Action of a Medicine May be Aug- 
 mented (Adjuvant Action). 
 
 (a) By combining different forms of the same 
 substance. An infusion is strengthened by the 
 addition of the fluid extract or tincture of the 
 same drug, in cases where all the active principles 
 are not soluble in the same vehicle. Digitalis 
 may be taken as an example, all of its active prin- 
 ciples are not soluble in water. 
 
 (b) By combining the medicine with others 
 which produce similar effects. A rule enunciated 
 by Dr. Fordyce is to the effect that combination 
 of similar remedies will produce a more certain, 
 speedy, and considerable effect than an equivalent 
 dose of any single one. A combination of chloral 
 and bromide potassium is more certain for hypnotic 
 effects than either one alone. From the standpoint 
 of purgation the same would be true of a combina- 
 tion of aloes and calomel, or as an emetic a mixture 
 of ipecac and tartar emetic is more reliable for its 
 effects than either drug singly. 
 
80 
 
 (c) By combining with the basis substances 
 of a different nature which can, in some unknown 
 manner enhance its action. The diuretic effect of 
 squill is increased by calomel, and ipecac assists 
 in the purgative action of jalap. 
 
 II. The Action of a Medicine May be Modi- 
 fied (Corrective Action) in Order to Overcome 
 Unpleasant Effects. The griping tendency of 
 purgatives may be corrected by combination 
 with aromatics or essential oils. Acrid substances 
 may be more or less overcome by triturating with 
 mucilage. The constipating effect of iron may be 
 overcome by the addition of aloes. See prescription 
 p. 64. 
 
 III. To Obtain the Combined or Joint 
 Action of Two or More Medicines. 
 
 (a) Upon the same tissue. Purgative medi- 
 cines will serve as an illustration. Some act by 
 increasing peristalsis, others by augmenting the 
 secretion of the intestines, as in the case of eserine 
 and pilocarpine. The combination of podophyllum 
 with calomel, for their joint action upon the liver, 
 may be cited as another example. 
 
 (b) Upon different tissues or to combat different 
 symptoms. Probably the greatest number of 
 prescriptions will come under this head. The desire 
 to combat a number of different symptoms should 
 not lead to excess in the combination of drugs. 
 A well directed rifle ball will have a greater effect 
 than a charge from a shot gun where only a few of 
 the shot hit the mark. Some prescriptions have 
 been reported which contained as many as 400 
 
SI 
 
 ingredients. The more complicated a prescription, 
 the greater are the chances for failure. 
 
 The symptoms of fever with cough may be 
 treated with small doses of ipecac as a sedative 
 expectorant, tincture of aconite to quiet the cir- 
 culation and allay the fever, with potassium bromide 
 to alleviate excessive coughing. Other cases will 
 readily suggest themselves. It may be desirable, 
 in a given instance to stimulate the heart with one 
 drug and the kidney or bowels with others. 
 
 IV. To Form New Compounds the Effects 
 of Which Differ From any of the Individual 
 Constituents. Dover's Powder is a good illus- 
 tration. This preparation has marked diaphor- 
 etic properties, while neither of its constituents, 
 opium or ipecac, when taken separately exert 
 any powerful action upon the skin. "White 
 Lotion" made by dissolving lead acetate and 
 zinc sulphate in water; "Black Lotion" by add- 
 ing calomel to a solution of lime and "Yellow 
 Lotion" by adding corrosive sublimate to a solution 
 of lime, are also examples. 
 
 V. To Afford a Convenient and Agreeable 
 Form of Administration. Solids, such as pills, 
 capsules and powders are oftentimes to be pre- 
 ferred. Liquid preparations are sometimes more 
 desirable and they have the advantage of being 
 more readily absorbed. The main thing, of course, 
 is that the patient should get the proper remedy 
 indicated by the symptoms; but, at the same 
 time, it is the duty of the prescriber to see that it 
 is no more obnoxious than need be. This fact 
 is sometimes lost sight of in veterinary practice, 
 
82 
 
 where the animal may be compelled to take the 
 medicine, but nothing is lost to the patient or 
 prescriber, if the medicine is prepared in as palatable 
 a form as possible without sacrificing anything of 
 its pharmacologic action. 
 
 Due care should be exercised in selecting a 
 vehicle which has little or no medicinal action 
 of its own, or if it has that it will assist or correct 
 the action of the medicines prescribed, and, if 
 practicable, one in which the other ingredients 
 are soluble. 
 
 The taste of many bitter substances like quinine, 
 and salty drugs like ammonium chloride, may 
 be made more agreeable by the addition of any 
 of the preparations of glycyrrhiza. Caustic or 
 irritating medicines, whether liquid or solid, must 
 be well diluted before being swallowed. 
 
 EXAMPLES OF PRESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 The following graded scheme for the beginner 
 in prescription writing may be employed: 1st, 
 a prescription written out in Latin is translated 
 into English with the quantities of the ingredients 
 expressed in both the apothecaries and metric 
 systems. 2d. An abbreviated prescription is writ- 
 ten out in English, apothecaries and metric. 3d. 
 An abbreviated prescription is written out in Latin ; 
 apothecaries and metric. 4th. After a student 
 has studied therapeutics a card is given him bearing 
 the name of a disease, with the basis or principal 
 remedy indicated from which he is to construct a 
 compound prescription suitable for the disease 
 mentioned. 
 
83 
 
 The following prescriptions are given as illus- 
 trations of the scheme and serve merely as an 
 outline of the way in which the work may be carried 
 on. The instructor can prepare any number of pre- 
 scriptions under each grade for the student's exercises. 
 
 The various symbols, unusual endings and 
 combinations may be included in such prescriptions 
 for purposes of instruction. 
 
 1^ LATIN INTO ENGLISH. 
 
 Plumbi Acetatis, unciam 
 
 Zinci Sulphatis, drachmas sex 
 
 Aquae, ad Octarium. 
 
 Misce. 
 
 Signa. Fiat lotio alba. 
 Take 
 
 of Lead Acetate, one ounce 30 
 
 of Zinc Sulphate, six drachms 24 
 
 of Water, to one pint 480 
 
 Mix 
 
 Signature. Let a white lotion be made. 
 f^ (For horse) 
 
 Aloes, drachmas quatuor 
 
 Fluidextracti Bella 
 
 donnae Radicis, semidrachmam, 
 
 Zingiberis pulveris, drachmam cum semisse. 
 
 Theriacae, quantum sufficit. 
 
 Misce. 
 
 Signa. Fiat Bolus. 
 Take 
 
 of Aloes, four drachms 15 
 
 of Fluidextract of Bel- 
 ladonna Root, half dram 2 
 
 of Powdered Ginger, one and a half drams 6 
 
84 
 
 (Take) 
 of Molasses, as much as suffices 
 
 (sufficient quantity) 
 Mix. 
 Signature. Let a bolus be made. 
 
 3 
 
 (For dog) 
 unciae semissem 
 unciam cum semisse 
 unum 
 uncias quatuordecim 
 
 Olei Terebinthinae 
 
 Olei Ricini, 
 
 Ovum, 
 
 Aquae Ferventis, 
 
 Misce et fiat enema. 
 
 Take 
 
 of Oil of Turpentine, 
 
 of Castor Oil, 
 
 one Egg, 
 of hot water, 
 Mix and let be made into an enema. 
 
 half of one ounce 
 
 one and a half ounces 45 
 
 fourteen ounces 
 
 1$ 
 
 Vitellum Ovi, 
 Olei Morrhuae, 
 Spiritus Frumenti, 
 Acidi Phosphorici Di- 
 
 luti, 
 Syrupi, 
 Aquae Cinnamoni, quan- 
 tum sufficiat ad uncias octo 
 Misce et fiat emulsio. 
 
 unius 
 
 uncias duas 
 unciam cum semisse 
 
 drachmas tres 
 drachmas quinque 
 
 Take 
 
 Yolk of one egg. 
 
85 
 
 (Take) 
 
 
 of Cod Liver Oil, 
 
 two ounces 60 
 
 of Whiskey, 
 
 one and a half ounces 45 
 
 of Dilute Phosphoric 
 
 
 Acid, 
 
 three drams 12 
 
 of Syrup, 
 
 five drams 20 
 
 of Cinnamon Water, as much as may suffice 
 to make (eight) ounces 240 
 
 Mix and let an emulsion be made. 
 1^ (For Dog) 
 
 Morphinae Sulphatis, granum 
 
 Camphorae, 
 
 Pulveris Glycyrrhizae, 
 
 Sacchari Lactis, ana grana decern 
 
 Misce. Divide in chartulas sex. 
 Take 
 
 of Morphine Sulphate, one grain 
 
 of Camphor, 
 
 of Powdered Liquorice Root, 
 
 of Sugar of Milk, of each ten grains 
 
 Mix. Divide into six powders. 
 
 3 
 
 065 
 
 Pepsinae, 
 
 drachmas duas 
 
 
 Vini albi, 
 
 uncias septem 
 
 Syrupi, 
 
 unciam dimidiam 
 
 Fluidextracti Zingi- 
 
 
 beris, 
 
 guttas octo 
 
 Misce. Fiat Elixir 
 
 
 a,ke 
 
 of Pepsin, 
 
 two drams 8 
 
 
 of White Wine, 
 
 seven ounces 210 
 
 
 of Syrup, 
 
 half an ounce 15 
 
 
 of Fluidextract of 
 
 
 
 Ginger, 
 
 eight drops 
 
 5 
 
 Mix. Let an Elixir be made. 
 
n 
 
 86 
 
 Extracti Nucis Vomi- 
 cae, 
 Pulveris Scammonii, 
 Pulveris Aloes, 
 Pulveris Rhei, ana 
 Alcoholis, 
 
 gram semissem 
 granum 
 
 gram tres quartas 
 quantum sufficit. 
 
 Misce 
 Take 
 
 of Extract of Nux 
 
 Vomica, 
 of Powdered Scam- 
 
 mony, 
 of Powdered Aloes, 
 of Powdered Rhubarb 
 
 of each 
 
 Fac pilulas tales duodecim. 
 
 half of a grain 
 
 one gram 
 
 partes 
 
 032 
 
 005 
 
 three-fourths parts 
 of a grain 048 
 
 of Alcohol, as much as suffices. 
 Mix. Make twelve such pills. 
 Examples of abbreviated prescriptions writ- 
 ten out in English in the Apothecary and 
 Metric Systems. 
 
 Ac. Carbol., 
 
 Liq. Iodi. Comp. a a m xv 
 
 Aq. Chloroformi, q. s. on 
 
 M. 
 Take 
 
 Carbolic Acid, 
 
 Compound Solution of 
 
 Iodine, of each 15 mimims 1 
 
 Chloroform Water, suffi- 
 cient quantity to (make) 2 ounces 60 
 
 Mix. 
 
I* 
 
 87 
 
 Ac. Sulph. Arom. 
 Tr. Opii., 
 
 Spts. Camph., 
 M. 
 
 VI 
 
 Take 
 
 Aromatic Sulphuric Acid, 
 
 Tincture of Opium, 
 
 Spirits of Camphor, of each 6 ounces 
 
 Mix. 
 
 180 
 
 3 
 
 Quin. Sulph., 
 
 3T 
 
 
 
 Pulv. Belladon. Fol., 
 
 317 
 
 
 
 Sod. Salicyl., 
 
 
 
 
 Pulv. Cimicif., a a 
 
 5 nj 
 
 
 
 M. 
 
 
 
 
 Ft. pulv. No. XII. 
 
 
 
 
 ike 
 
 Quinine Sulphate, 
 
 
 1 ounce 
 
 30 
 
 Powdered Belladonna Leaves, 
 
 2 ounces 
 
 60 
 
 Sodium Salicylate, 
 
 
 
 
 Powdered Cimicifuga, 
 
 of each 
 
 3 ounces 
 
 90 
 
 Mix. Make into 12 powders. 
 
 
 
 Examples of Abbreviated Prescriptions 
 Written out in Latin in the Apothecary and 
 Metric Systems. 
 
H 
 
 I* 
 
 Quin. Sulph., 
 
 ST 
 
 
 F. E. Nuc. Vom., 
 
 3T 
 
 
 Tr. Capsic, 
 
 S iij 
 
 
 Ac. Muriat. Dil., 
 
 5 IVSS 
 
 
 M. 
 
 
 
 Quininae Sulphatis, 
 
 unciam 
 
 30 
 
 Fluidextracti Nucis 
 
 
 
 Vomicae, 
 
 unciam 
 
 30 
 
 Tincturae Capsici, 
 
 uncias tres 
 
 90 
 
 Acidi Muriatici Diluti, uncias quatuor 
 
 cum semisse 
 Misce. 
 
 n 
 
 Pot. Acet., 
 
 Tr. Digital., 
 
 Spts. Ether. Nit. 
 
 Aquae, 
 M. 
 
 317 
 3 x 
 
 q. s. 0~ 
 
 1} 
 
 Potassii Acetatis, uncias duas 
 
 Tincturae Digitalis, drachmas decern 
 
 Spiritus Etheris Nitrosi uncias quinque 
 Aquae, quantum sufficit Octarium 
 
 135 
 
 60 
 
 40 
 
 150 
 
 480 
 
Quin. Sulph. 5 j 
 
 Pulv. Opii. 5 ij 
 
 Pulv. Ammon. Carb. 5 ij 
 
 Pulv. Camph. 5 J 
 
 M. Make 12 powders. 
 
 Quininae Sulphatis, unciam 30 
 
 Pulveris Opii, drachmas duas 8 
 Pulveris Ammonii Car- 
 
 bonatis, uncias duas 60 
 
 Pulveris Camphorae, unciam 30 
 Misce. Fiant pulveres numero duodecim. 
 
 The next step in the series is the construction 
 of the prescription according to its indication 
 for a given disorder, the basis being mentioned 
 and allowing the student to fill in the other in- 
 gredients. The writer has found the following 
 list serviceable in this connection, due regard 
 being given to incompatibility, form, case endings, 
 etc. The prescriptions may be written out in 
 the ordinary abbreviated form or in Latin in the 
 Apothecary or Metric systems. Any variety 
 of subjects or combinations are available and 
 excellent drill is furnished to the student. 
 
90 
 
 Indication. 
 Gastric Tonic. 
 Diuretic. 
 Cardiac Tonic. 
 Influenza. 
 Irritable Stomach. 
 Skin Disease. 
 Blister. 
 
 Hepatic Congestion. 
 Purgative. 
 Diaphoresis. 
 Sedative. 
 Cathartic. 
 Anodyne Liniment. 
 Round Worms. 
 Fever. 
 Mange. 
 Cough. 
 Rickets. 
 Purgative. 
 Flat Worms. 
 Indigestion. 
 Diarrhoea. 
 Anemia. 
 Rheumatism. 
 Edema. 
 
 Diabetes Insipidus. 
 Catarrhal Fever. 
 General Tonic. 
 Counter Irritant. 
 Intestinal Antiseptic. 
 Chorea. 
 
 Basis, 
 
 Gentian. 
 
 Potassium Nitrate. 
 
 Digitalis. 
 
 Tr. Nux. Vomica. 
 
 Bismuth. 
 
 Fowler's Solution. 
 
 Cantharides. 
 
 Sodium Sulphate. 
 
 Barium Chloride. 
 
 Tr. Arnica Root. 
 
 Chloral. 
 
 Eserine Sulphate. 
 
 Tr. Aconite. 
 
 Santonin. 
 
 Acetanilid. 
 
 Sulphur. 
 
 Belladonna. 
 
 Oleum Phosphoratum. 
 
 Aloes. 
 
 Male Fern. 
 
 Pepsin. 
 
 Tr. Opium. 
 
 Iron Sulphate. 
 
 Sodium Salicylate. 
 
 Potassium Acetate. 
 
 Iodine. 
 
 Quinine. 
 
 Nux Vomica. 
 
 Aqua Ammonia. 
 
 Salol. 
 
 Arsenic. 
 
91 
 
 TABLE OF THERMOMETRIC EQUIVALENTS 
 
 FAHRENHEIT AND CENTIGRADE SCALES 
 
 To reduce Centigrade, degrees to those of Fahrenheit 
 Multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32 
 To reduce Fahrenheit degrees to those of Centigrade scale 
 Subtract 3 2, [multiply by 5, and divided by 9 
 
 TABLE OF EQUIVALENTS 
 
 "Centi- 
 grade. 
 
 "Fahren- 
 heit. 
 
 "Centi- 
 grade. 
 
 "Fahren- 
 heit. 
 
 "Centi- 
 grade. 
 
 "Fahren- 
 heit. 
 
 —25 
 
 —13. 
 
 
 
 32. 
 
 25 
 
 77. 
 
 —24 
 
 —11.2 
 
 1 
 
 33.8 
 
 26 
 
 78.8 
 
 —23 
 
 —9.4 
 
 2 
 
 35.6 
 
 27 
 
 80.6 
 
 —22 
 
 —7.6 
 
 3 
 
 37.4 
 
 28 
 
 82.4 
 
 —21 
 
 —5.8 
 
 4 
 
 39.2 
 
 29 
 
 84.2 
 
 —20 
 
 —4. 
 
 5 
 
 41. 
 
 30 
 
 86. 
 
 —19 
 
 —2.2 
 
 6 
 
 42.8 
 
 31 
 
 87.8 
 
 —18 
 
 —0.4 
 
 7 
 
 44.6 
 
 32 
 
 89.6 
 
 —17 
 
 1.4 
 
 8 
 
 46.4 
 
 33 
 
 91.4 
 
 —16 
 
 3.2 
 
 9 
 
 48.2 
 
 34 
 
 93.2 
 
 —15 
 
 5. 
 
 10 
 
 50. 
 
 35 
 
 95. 
 
 —14 
 
 6.8 
 
 11 
 
 51.8 
 
 36 
 
 *96.8 
 
 —13 
 
 8.6 
 
 12 
 
 53.6 
 
 37 
 
 98.6 
 
 —12 
 
 10.4 
 
 13 
 
 55.4 
 
 38 
 
 100.4 
 
 —11 
 
 12.2 
 
 14 
 
 57.2 
 
 39 
 
 102.2 
 
 —10 
 
 14. 
 
 15 
 
 59. 
 
 40 
 
 104. 
 
 —9 
 
 15.8 
 
 16 
 
 60.8 
 
 41 
 
 105.8 
 
 —8 
 
 17.6 
 
 17 
 
 62.6 
 
 42 
 
 107.6 
 
 —7 
 
 19.4 
 
 18 
 
 64.4 
 
 43 
 
 109.4 
 
 —6 
 
 21.2 
 
 19 
 
 66.2 
 
 44 
 
 111.2 
 
 —5 
 
 23. 
 
 20 
 
 68. 
 
 45 
 
 113. 
 
 —4 
 
 24.8 
 
 21 
 
 69.8 
 
 46 
 
 114.8 
 
 —3 
 
 26.6 
 
 22 
 
 71.6 
 
 47 
 
 116.6 
 
 —2 
 
 28.4 
 
 23 
 
 73.4 
 
 48 
 
 118.4 
 
 — 1 
 
 30.2 
 
 24 
 
 75.2 
 
 49 
 
 120.2 
 
92 
 
 Centi- 
 grade. 
 
 Fahren- 
 heit. 
 
 Centi- 
 grade. 
 
 Fahren- 
 heit. 
 
 Centi- 
 grade. 
 
 Fahren- 
 heit. 
 
 50 
 
 122. 
 
 73 
 
 163.4 
 
 96 
 
 204.8 
 
 51 
 
 123.8 
 
 74 
 
 165.2 
 
 97 
 
 206.6 
 
 52 
 
 125.6 
 
 75 
 
 167. 
 
 98 
 
 208.4 
 
 53 
 
 127.4 
 
 76 
 
 168.8 
 
 99 
 
 210.2 
 
 54 
 
 129.2 
 
 77 
 
 170.6 
 
 100 
 
 212 
 
 55 
 
 131. 
 
 78 
 
 172.4 
 
 101 
 
 213.8 
 
 56 
 
 132.8 
 
 79 
 
 174.2 
 
 102 
 
 215.6 
 
 57 
 
 134.6 
 
 80 
 
 176. 
 
 103 
 
 217.4 
 
 58 
 
 136.4 
 
 81 
 
 177.8 
 
 104 
 
 219.2 
 
 59 
 
 138.2 
 
 82 
 
 179.6 
 
 105 
 
 221. 
 
 60 
 
 140. 
 
 83 
 
 181.4 
 
 106 
 
 222.8 
 
 61 
 
 141.8 
 
 84 
 
 183.2 
 
 107 
 
 224.6 
 
 62 
 
 143.6 
 
 85 
 
 185. 
 
 108 
 
 226.4 
 
 63 
 
 145.4 
 
 86 
 
 186.8 
 
 109 
 
 228.2 
 
 64 
 
 147.2 
 
 87 
 
 188.6 
 
 110 
 
 230. 
 
 65 
 
 149. 
 
 88 
 
 190.4 
 
 111 
 
 231.8 
 
 66 
 
 150.8 
 
 89 
 
 192.2 
 
 112 
 
 233.6 
 
 67 
 
 152.6 
 
 90 
 
 194. 
 
 113 
 
 235.4 
 
 68 
 
 154.4 
 
 91 
 
 195.8 
 
 114 
 
 237.2 
 
 69 
 
 156.2 
 
 92 
 
 197.6 
 
 115 
 
 239. 
 
 70 
 
 158. 
 
 93 
 
 199.4 
 
 116 
 
 240.8 
 
 71 
 
 159.8 
 
 94 
 
 201.2 
 
 117 
 
 242.6 
 
 72 
 
 161.6 
 
 95 
 
 203. 
 
 118 
 
 244.4 
 
93 
 
 list of official deliquescent 
 
 EFFLORESCENT SALTS 
 
 Alumen (slightly) 
 Ammonii Carbonas 
 
 Phosphas 
 Antim. et Potass. Tar- 
 
 tras (slightly). 
 Cupri Acetas 
 
 Sulphas 
 Magnesii Sulphas 
 
 (slightly) 
 Potassii et Sodii Tartras 
 
 (slightly) 
 Ferrocyanidum 
 
 (slightly) 
 Quininae Bisulphas 
 
 Sulphas (after a time) 
 Soda (caustic) 
 Sodii Acetas 
 
 Arsenas (slightly) 
 
 Benzoas 
 Boras (slightly) 
 
 Carbonas 
 
 Hyposulphis 
 
 Phosphas 
 Santoninas (slightly) 
 
 Sulphas 
 
 Sulphis 
 Strychninae Sulphas 
 Zinci Acetas 
 
 Sulphas 
 For the various symbols, Latin words and phrases 
 with their abbreviations see the following pages. 
 
 The following is a 
 and efflorescent salts: 
 
 DELIQUESCENT SALTS 
 
 Ammonii Iodidum 
 
 Nitras 
 
 Valerianas 
 Auri Chloridum 
 Calcii Chloridum 
 Lithii Citras 
 
 Bromidum 
 
 Salicylas 
 Magnesia Citras 
 Potassa (caustic) 
 
 Cum Calce 
 Potassii Acetas 
 
 Carbonas 
 
 Citras 
 
 Cyanidum 
 
 Hypophosphis 
 
 Sulphis 
 
 Tartras 
 Quinolin salts (except 
 
 the Tartrate) 
 Sodii Hypophosphis 
 
 Iodidum 
 Zinci Bromidum 
 
 Chloridum 
 
 Iodidum 
 
94 
 
 LATIN WORDS AND PHRASES WITH THEIR ABBRE- 
 VIATIONS \\i) ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS. 
 
 Wc i ids or Phrases Contractions E">:- Equivalents 
 
 Abdomen \l>d The belly. 
 
 Ad Ad To, or up to. 
 
 Adde Add Add. 
 
 Addantur Add Let(them) be added. 
 
 Addenda Add To be added. 
 
 Addendo Add By adding. 
 
 Adhibendus Adhib To be administered. 
 
 Adjacens Adjac Adjacent. 
 
 Ad libitum Ad lib At pleasure. 
 
 Admove Admbv. . . .Apply. 
 
 Admoveatur Admov. . . .Let (it) be applied. 
 
 Adversum Vdv Against 
 
 . Uiquot Alicj Some. 
 
 Alter Alt The other. 
 
 A /term's horis . . . .Alt. hor. . . . Every other hour. 
 
 Amplus Amp Large. 
 
 Ampulla Ampul A large bottle. 
 
 .1 >!(i A. or aa. . . .Of each. 
 
 Aqua Aq Water. 
 
 Aqua bulliens . . . .Aq. bull. . .Boiling water. 
 Aqua communis . .Aq. com. 
 
 Aqua fervens Aq. ferv. 
 
 Aqua fluvial His . . Aq. Iluv. 
 
 Aqua foutalis Aq. font. 
 
 . [qua marina . . . .Aq. mar. 
 
 . 1 qua nivalis Aq. niv. 
 
 Aqua pluvialis . . .Aq. pluv. 
 
 A ni Aut. . 
 
 Balneum vapor is . B. V. . . . 
 
 Balsam urn Bals 
 
 Bene 
 
 Bibe 
 
 Biduum 
 
 Bis 
 
 Bis in die, or dies 
 
 Common water 
 . . Hot water. 
 . .River water. 
 . Spring water. 
 . . Sea water. 
 . .SnOW Water. 
 
 .Rain water. 
 . Or. 
 . . Vapor hath. 
 
 Balsam. 
 Bene. ..Well 
 
 Bib Drink (thou) 
 
 Bid Two davs. 
 
 Bis Twice. 
 
 Bis. die . . . .Twice a day. 
 
 Bolus . . .Bol A large pill. 
 
 Bulliat or Bulliant. Bull Lei boil. 
 
 Butyrum But Butter. 
 
 Ca-r ulcus Coerul Blue. 
 
95 
 
 Calef actus Calef Warmed. 
 
 Cape Cap Take (thou). 
 
 Capiat Cap Let him take. 
 
 Capsula Capsul A capsule. 
 
 Caute Caute Cautiously. 
 
 Charta Chart Paper. 
 
 Chartula Chartul. . . .A small paper. 
 
 Cibus Cib Food. 
 
 Cochlear or Coch- 
 leare Coch A spoonful. 
 
 Cochleare amplum Coch. amp. .A dessertspoonful. 
 
 Cochleare magnum Coch. mag. A tablespoonful. 
 
 Cochlear parvum . .Coch. parv. A teaspoonful. 
 
 Cola Col Strain. 
 
 Colatus Colat Strained. 
 
 Collutorium Collut A mouth wash. 
 
 Collyrium Collyr An eye wash. 
 
 Coloretur Let it be colored. 
 
 Compositus Comp Compounded. 
 
 Concisus Concis Cut. 
 
 Congius Cong A Gallon. 
 
 Conserva Cons A conserve, also, 
 
 Keep (thou). 
 
 Contusus . . Contus. . . . Bruised. 
 
 Cor, Cordis Cor The heart. 
 
 Cortax, corticis .... Cort The bark. 
 
 Coxa Cox The hip. 
 
 Cras, crastinus . . . Crast To-morrow. 
 
 Cujus, cujus-libet .Cuj Of which, of any. 
 
 Cum C With. 
 
 Cyalhus, vel Cya- 
 
 thus vinarius . . .Cyath, C.vin A wine-glass, 
 ar 
 
 Da, detur D., det. . . .Give, let be given. 
 
 De De Of or from. 
 
 Debitus Deb Due, proper. 
 
 Decanta Dec Pour off. 
 
 Decern, decimus . . Decern Ten, the tenth. 
 
 Decoctum Decoct. . . . A decoction. 
 
 Decubitus Decub Lying down. 
 
 De die in diem . . . De d. in d . . From day to day. 
 
 Dein vel Deinde . . Dein Thereupon. 
 
96 
 
 Deglutiatur Deglut Let be swallowed. 
 
 Dentur tales doses Let 4 such doses be 
 
 No, iv D.t.d. No iv. given. 
 
 Dexter, Dextra . . . Dext The right. 
 
 Diebis alternis . . . Dieb. alt. . . Every other day. 
 Dilue, Dilutus . . . Dil Dilute (thou), Di- 
 luted. 
 
 Dimidius Dim One-half. 
 
 Dividatur in par- Let it be divided 
 
 tes a? quotes .... D. in p. aeq. into equal parts. 
 
 Dividendus-a-um . . Divid To be divided. 
 
 Dolor Dolor Pain. 
 
 Donee Donee Until. 
 
 Dosis D A dose. 
 
 Drachma Dr. or 5 • • • A dram (60 grains). 
 
 Eadem (fern.) . . ..Ead The same. 
 
 Ejusdem Ejusd Of the same. 
 
 Electuarium .... .Elect. .... .An electuary. 
 
 Emesis '. Emesis .... Vomiting. 
 
 Enema En A clyster or enema. 
 
 Et Et And. 
 
 Extende Ext Spread. 
 
 Ex tr actum Extr An extract. 
 
 Extrahe Extrahe. . . .Extract thou. 
 
 Fac F Make. 
 
 Fac pilulas duo- 
 
 decim F. pil. XII .Make twelve pills. 
 
 Farina Flour. 
 
 Febris Febr Fever. 
 
 Fervens Ferv Boiling. 
 
 Fiat Ft Let be made (sing). 
 
 Fiant Ft Let be made (plu.). 
 
 Filtra Filtra Filter (thou). 
 
 Fluidus Fluid., Fl. . Liquid. 
 
 Formula A prescription. 
 
 Gargarysma Garg A gargle. 
 
 Gradation Grad By degrees, gradu- 
 ally. 
 
 Granum, Grana . .Gr Grain, Grains. 
 
 Gratus Grat Pleasant 
 
 Gutta, Gutt-e Gtt A drop. Drops. 
 
 Guttatim Guttat By drops. 
 
97 
 
 Haustus Haust A draught. 
 
 Hebdomada Hebdom ... A week. 
 
 Herbarum recen- 
 
 tium Herb. recentOf fresh herbs. 
 
 Hie, Haec, Hoc . .Hie, Jicec, hoc This. 
 
 Hirudo Hirudo ... .A leech. 
 
 Hora H An hour. 
 
 Idem Id The same. 
 
 Imprimis Impr First. 
 
 Incide, Incisus . . .Inc Cut (thou), Being 
 
 Cut. 
 In dies Ind Daily, or from day 
 
 to day. 
 
 Infunde Infun Pour in. 
 
 Infusum Infus An infusion. 
 
 Injection An injection. 
 
 In Pulmento In gruel. 
 
 Instar Instar As big as, the size of. 
 
 Inter Inter Between. 
 
 Internus ,-a-um . . . Int Inner or internal. 
 
 Intus Intus Inwardly. 
 
 Jam Jam Now. 
 
 Juxta Juxta Near to. 
 
 Lac, Lactis Lac Milk, of Milk. 
 
 Lagena Lag A flask or bottle. 
 
 Langour Lang Faintness. 
 
 Libra Lb., or lb . . A pound. 
 
 Linimentum Linim A liniment. 
 
 Linteum Lint Lint. 
 
 Liquor Liq A solution. 
 
 Lotio Lot A lotion. 
 
 Macera Mac Macerate. 
 
 Magnus Mag Large. 
 
 Mane Mane In the morning. 
 
 Manipulus M. or Man .A handful. 
 
 Manus Manus The hand. 
 
 Massa, massa 
 
 pilularis A mass, a pill-mass. 
 
 Matutinis Matut .... In the morning. 
 
 Medium Med Middle. 
 
 Mensura Mensu .... By Measure. 
 
 Mica Panis Mic. pan. . . Crumb of beard. 
 
98 
 
 Minimum 
 
 Minutum 
 
 Misce 
 
 Mistura 
 
 Mitte 
 
 Modo prcescripto 
 
 M. or min, 
 
 M 
 
 Mist 
 
 Mit 
 
 Mod. praesc 
 
 More dictu Mor. dictu. 
 
 More solito 
 
 Mortarium, i 
 
 Necnon 
 
 Ne trades sine num- 
 
 mo 
 
 Nisi 
 
 Non 
 
 Non repetatur 
 
 Nox. Noctis . 
 
 Mor. sol. . 
 
 Mort 
 
 Necn 
 
 Ne.tr. s.num 
 
 Nisi 
 
 Non 
 
 Non repetat 
 
 Noc. noct. . 
 
 Nucha 
 
 Numero 
 
 Octarius 
 
 Octavus 
 
 Octo 
 
 Omni hori . . . 
 
 Opus 
 
 Ovum 
 
 Pars, Partis. . 
 Partes cequales 
 Parvulus 
 
 No. . . 
 O. Oct. 
 
 Octo. . . . 
 Omn. hor. 
 Opus . . . . 
 
 Ov 
 
 Par. Pt. . . 
 Pt. aeq. . . 
 Parvul. . . 
 
 Parvus 
 
 Pastillus 
 
 Pediluvium .... 
 Penicillum cam- 
 
 elinum 
 
 Per 
 
 Phiala 
 
 Phiala prius agi- 
 tate 
 
 Pastil 
 
 Pencil, cam 
 
 Per. 
 Phil 
 
 P. P. A. 
 
 A minim. 
 
 A minute. 
 
 Mix. 
 
 A mixture. 
 
 Send. 
 
 In the manner pre- 
 scribed. 
 
 , In the manner di- 
 rected. 
 
 , In the usual manner . 
 
 A mortar. 
 
 Also. 
 
 Do not deliver with- 
 out the money. 
 
 Unless. 
 
 Not. 
 
 .Let it not be re- 
 peated. 
 
 The night, of the 
 night. 
 
 The nape of the 
 neck. 
 
 In number. 
 
 A pint (gxvj) 
 
 Eight. 
 
 Eight. 
 
 Every hour. 
 
 Need, or occasion. 
 
 An egg. 
 
 A part, of a part. 
 
 Equal parts. 
 
 An infant. A par- 
 vule. 
 
 •Little. 
 
 A pastille. 
 
 A foot-bath. 
 
 A camel's hair pencil 
 or brush. 
 
 Through, By. 
 
 A vial or bottle. 
 
 The bottle having 
 
 been first shaken. 
 
99 
 
 Pilula , 
 
 Pocillum , 
 
 Poculum 
 
 Pondere 
 
 Pondus civile 
 
 Pondus medicinale 
 
 Post cibo . 
 Potus .... 
 Prceparata 
 Primus . . 
 
 Pro 
 
 Pro re nata 
 
 Pil A pill. 
 
 Pocill A little cup. 
 
 Pocul A cup. 
 
 P By weight. 
 
 P. civ Civil weight (av- 
 oirdupois) . 
 
 Medicinal (apothe- 
 caries) Weight. 
 
 Post cib. . .After eating. 
 
 Potus Drink. 
 
 Praep Prepared. 
 
 Primus .... The first 
 
 Pulvis 
 
 Quadrans-antis . 
 Quantum libet . . 
 
 Pro. 
 P. r. 
 
 Pulv. 
 Quad. 
 Q. lib. 
 
 Quantum sufficiat . Q. s. 
 
 Quaque 
 
 Quartus 
 
 Quatuor 
 
 Quibus 
 
 Quinque 
 
 Quintus 
 
 Quoque 
 
 Quorum 
 
 Quotidie 
 
 Ratio 
 
 Recens ,-entis . . . 
 
 Recipe 
 
 Reductus in pul- 
 
 verem 
 
 Reliquum 
 
 Repetatur 
 
 Retinere 
 
 Ruber, rubra, ri 
 
 brum 
 
 Saltern 
 
 Qq. . . . 
 Quart. 
 Quat. . 
 Quibus 
 Quinq. 
 
 .For. 
 
 . Occasionally, 
 
 cording to 
 
 cumstances 
 .A powder. 
 , A quart. 
 . As much 
 
 please. 
 . As much 
 
 suffice. 
 . Each, or Every 
 . Fourth. 
 . Four. 
 
 . From which. 
 Five. 
 
 as you 
 
 as may 
 
 . Quint The fifth. 
 
 Q. Q Also. 
 
 . Quor Of which. 
 
 . Quotid Daily. 
 
 Proportion. 
 
 Rec Fresh. 
 
 1^ Take. 
 
 Red. in pulv. Let it be reduced to 
 
 powder. 
 
 . Reliq Remaining. 
 
 . Rept Let it bs repeated. 
 
 . Retin To keep. 
 
 Rub Red, ruddy. 
 
 .Saltern At least. 
 
100 
 
 Saltim Saltim .... By leaps. 
 
 Saturatus-a-um . . Sat Saturated. 
 
 Scatula Scat A box. 
 
 Scilicet Scil Namely. 
 
 Scrupidum Scrup. or £) A scruple (20 grs.) 
 
 Secundem artem . .S. A According to art. 
 
 Secundus Secund. . . . Second. 
 
 Semel Semel Once. 
 
 Semis or semissis . Ss A half. 
 
 Septem Sept Seven. 
 
 Septimana Septim. ... A week. 
 
 Sescuncia An ounce and a half. 
 
 Sesquihora An hour and a half. 
 
 Sex Sex Six. 
 
 Si Si If. 
 
 Signa Sig Write, or Mark 
 
 (thou). 
 Signatur nomine Let it be written 
 
 proprio Sig.nom.pro with its proper 
 
 name. 
 
 Simul . Simul Together. 
 
 Sine Sin Without. 
 
 Singulorum Sing Of each. 
 
 Si opus sit Si op. sit. . . If necessary. 
 
 Sit Sit Let it be. 
 
 Solus Sol Alone. 
 
 Solve Solv Dissolve. 
 
 Somnus Somnus . . . Sleep. 
 
 Spiritus vini rec- Rectified spirit of 
 
 tificatus ._ Spt.vin.rect. wine (alcohol) 
 
 Spiritus vini tenuis Spt. vin. ten. Proofspirit. 
 
 Statim Stat Immediately. 
 
 Stet. or Stent St Let it (or them) 
 
 stand. 
 
 Subinde Subind .... Frequently. 
 
 Sumat talem Sum. tal. . . . Let him take one 
 
 like this. 
 
 Sume Sum Take. 
 
 Supra Supra Above. 
 
 Tabella Tab A lozenge. 
 
 Talis , Tal Such a one. 
 
101 
 
 Ter Ter Thrice, or Three 
 
 times. 
 
 Ter in die, or Ter 
 die T.i.d.or T.D Thrice daily. 
 
 Tero Tero I rub. 
 
 Tere simnl Tere sim. . . Rub together. 
 
 Tertius Tert Third. 
 
 Tinctura Tinct, or Tr. Tincture. 
 
 Tres Tres Three. 
 
 Triduum Trid Three days. 
 
 Tritura Trit Triturate. 
 
 Troschiscus, Tro- 
 
 chisin Troch A lozenge or troche. 
 
 Tussis Tus A cough. 
 
 Ultimo (or Ultima) 
 prcescriptus .... Ult. praesc . . The last ordered 
 
 Una Una Together. 
 
 Uncia Unc. or § . .An ounce. 
 
 Ut dictum Ut. diet. . . .As directed. 
 
 Vas vitreum . ... Vas vit. ... A glass vessel. 
 
 Vehiculum Vehic A vehicle or men- 
 struum. 
 
 Vel Vel Or. 
 
 Ve,sper-eris Vesp The evening. 
 
 Vices Vic Turns. 
 
 Vinum Vin Wine. 
 
 Vires Vir Strength 
 
 Vitellus Vitel Yolk. 
 
 Vitreum, Vitrum .Vitr Glass. 
 
 Volatilis, is, Vola- 
 tile Volat Volatile 
 
102 
 
 INCOMPATIBILITY. 
 
 In prescription writing, incompatibility may 
 be denned as an interference, with each other, 
 of the constituents of a mixture in a way not in- 
 tended by the prescriber. Sometimes there is 
 intentional incompatibility by the prescriber as 
 in the case of white lotion, p. 81. 
 
 There are three types of incompatibility : Chemic, 
 Pharmaceutic and Physiologic. 
 
 Chemic Incompatibility occurs when a new chemic 
 compound results. In general it may be recog- 
 nized in one of three ways: 1. By precipitation 
 — the formation of an insoluble compound. 2. By 
 effervescence or explosion — evolution of gas. 3. By 
 a change in color. Another form may be referred 
 to, because it is not easy to recognize any change 
 and therefore more dangerous. A new product 
 may be formed, possibly of a poisonous nature a/id 
 remain in solution without in the least changing 
 the appearance of the mixture. The avoidance 
 of this form of incompatibility rests upon a knowl- 
 edge of the ordinary chemic reactions, and the 
 knowledge cannot be too greatly emphasized. 
 Chemic incompatibility is not always evident 
 immediately, some little time may elapse before 
 changes occur. A general rule is that substances 
 are incompatible if they are used in testing for 
 each other or if they form antidotes. 
 
 Pharmaceutic Incompatibility results in the 
 production of an unsightly appearance due to 
 physical changes. It is, therefore, largely a question 
 of solvents and solubility, and often occurs when 
 
103 
 
 solids or liquids are added to solutions, thereby 
 changing their densities. It occurs when there is 
 a combination of such substances as are physically 
 incapable of mixing; thus, if spirit of nitrous ether 
 be added to tincture of guaiacum a gelatinous mass 
 will result, or if resinous tinctures be added to 
 aqueous solutions the resins will separate. 
 
 Physiologic or Therapeutic Incompatibility depends 
 upon' the antagonistic or opposite physiologic or 
 therapeutic actions of the drugs, so that one drug 
 may weaken or neutralize the action of another 
 with regard to its effects upon the tissues. Atropine 
 and pilocarpine are examples of antagonists thera- 
 peutically. No two drugs, however, are exactly 
 opposed to each other throughout their whole range 
 of action, and more or less latitude in this respect 
 may be permitted in prescribing. 
 
 Incompatibility must always be kept in mind 
 in writing a prescription. It is best avoided, 
 as a rule, by not attempting to combine too many 
 drugs. Some general principles which it is well 
 to keep in mind may be formulated as follows: 
 
 Acids should not be added to alkalies, alkaline 
 salts or vegetable acids on account of decomposition 
 and chemic change. 
 
 Solutions of alkaloids are incompatible with 
 tannic acid, alkalies, " alkaline salts, iodides and 
 bromides on account of precipitation. 
 
 Glucosides (Digitalin, Salicin, etc.) are decom- 
 posed by acids. 
 
 A mixture of salts in solution will decompose 
 if either an insoluble compound or double salt can 
 be formed. 
 
104 
 
 Chloral is incompatible with alkaline solutions, 
 chloroform is produced. 
 
 Potassium chlorate, nitrate or permanganate 
 liberate oxygen and should not be mixed with 
 readily oxidizable substances, such as charcoal, 
 sugar, sulphur, glycarin, carbolic acid, iodine, 
 turpentine, and organic materials, lest explosive 
 compounds be formed. 
 
 Lime water precipitates mercury salts. Calomel 
 and prussic. acid form the poisonous mercuric 
 cyanide. 
 
 Calomel should not be combined with nitro- 
 hydrochloric acid as corrosive sublimate may 
 be produced. Both calomel and antipyrin are 
 incompatible with sweet spirit of nitre. 
 
 Liquid iron preparations are incompatible 
 with fluid preparations of the vegetable bitters 
 (except calumba and quassia), because the tannic 
 acid in them forms a precipitate. 
 
 Considerable quantities of acid are incompatible 
 with tinctures, because ethers are formed. 
 
 Water causes precipitates with tinctures contain- 
 ing resins. 
 
 Gum arabic is incompatible with lead and iron 
 salts and mineral acids. 
 
 Solutions of potassium chlorate and iodide 
 unite to form a poisonous compound. 
 
 For convenient reference, the following list 
 of the more important incompatibles, taken from 
 Merck's Report Ready Reference, is given. 
 
 Acacia — mineral acids; alcohol; ammonia; anti- 
 mony and potassium tartrate; borax (unless 
 syrup or glycerin is present); ether; ferric salts 
 
105 
 
 (not if excess of acid present); lead subacetate 
 (not acetate); lead- water; mercuric chloride (con- 
 cent, sol.); potassium bitartrate and tartrate; 
 silicates; syrup squill; tinct. guaiac (blue color), 
 tinctures (alcoholic and ethereal). 
 
 Acetanilid — amyl nitrate; bromine and bro- 
 mides of alkalies; carbolic acid; chloral hydrate; 
 iodides of alkalies; nitrites; piperazine; potassium 
 hydroxide; pyrocatechin; resorcin; sodium hy- 
 droxide; spirit nitrous ether ; thymol. 
 
 Acids — alcohol (with strong acids); alkalies; 
 alkaloids; benzoates and borates (with strong 
 acids); bismuth and ammonium citrate; bicar- 
 bonates; bromides (of weak acids); carbonates; 
 chlorides (of weak acids) ; iodides (of weak bases) ; 
 metallic salts (with organic acids); pancreatin; 
 potassium and sodium tartrate; potassium tartrate; 
 salicylates ; silicates . 
 
 Acid, Arsenous — copper sulphate; decoction 
 cinchona; dialyzed iron; ferric hydrate; lime 
 water; salts of aluminium, antimony, barium, 
 calcium, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, 
 mercury, silver, zinc; potassium iodide; tannic 
 acid; vegetable astringent decoctions and infusions. 
 
 Acid, Benzoic — free bromine or chlorine; ferric 
 salts; hydrogen dioxide with sulphuric acid; ure- 
 thane. 
 
 Acid, Boric — alkaline hydrates; alkaline earths 
 (hydrates); carbonates. See aso Borates. 
 
 Acid, Carbolic — acetanilid; albumin; antipyrin; 
 antisepsin; bromal hydrate; bromine water; 
 
106 
 
 butyl chloral hydrate; camphor; camphor mono- 
 bromated; chloral hydrate; collodion; diuretin; 
 exalgin; ferric salts; gelatin (in dilute solution); 
 hydrogen dioxide; lead acetate; menthol; naphta- 
 lin; naphtol; nitric acid; phenacetin; potassium 
 permanganate; pyrogallol; resorcin; salol; sodium 
 phosphate; thymol; urethane; terpin hydrate. 
 
 Acid, Chromic — alcohol; bromides; chlorides; 
 ether; glycerin;* hypophosphites; iodides; oxal- 
 ates; sulphides; sulphites; tartrates. See also 
 chromates. 
 
 Acid, Citric — acetates; acids (mineral); car- 
 bonates; potassium tartrate; sulphides. See also 
 citrates. 
 
 Acid, Gallic — arsenic acid; carbonates; copper 
 salts; ferric salts (if excess of acid absent); gold 
 salts; lead acetate; iodine; lime water; nitric 
 acid ; opium in solution ; potassium permanganate ; 
 silver salts; sodium bicarbonate; tartar emetic. 
 
 Acid, Hydrochloric — alkalies; bromates; car- 
 bonates; chlorates; chromates; lead salts; mer- 
 curous salts; oxides; permanganates; silver 
 salts; tartar emetic. See also chlorides. 
 
 Acid, Hydrocyanic, Dilute — acids (mineral); 
 antimony oxide; copper and iron salts; mercury 
 oxide; silver nitrate; sulphides. See also cyanides. 
 
 Acid, Lactic — albumin; milks; oxidizers gen- 
 erally. 
 
 Acid, Nitric — alcohol, alkalies; carbonates; 
 ferrous sulphate; lead acetate; oils (essential); 
 sulphides. 
 
107 
 
 Acid, Osmic — all organic or oxidizable substances; 
 iodides. 
 
 Acid, Oxalic — arsenates; gold salts; metallic 
 salts generally (all but those of aluminium, chro- 
 mium and magnesium). 
 
 Acid, Phosphoric, Meta — albumin; ferric chlo- 
 ride; gelatin; lead acetate; silver nitrate. 
 
 Acid, Phosphoric, Ortho — chlorides of barium, 
 calcium and magnesium (in ammoniacal solutions); 
 lead acetate; silver nitrate; soluble iron phosphate; 
 and pyrophosphate. 
 
 Acid, Picric — albumin; alkaloids; gelatin; 
 oxidizable substances; piperazine. 
 
 Acid, Salicylic — Ferric salts; exalgin; lead 
 acetate; lime water; potassium iodide; quinine 
 salts; sodium phosphate; spirit nitrous ether; 
 urethane. 
 
 Acid, Sulphuric — alcohol; barium and calcium 
 salts; carbonates; hypophosphorus acid; metals; 
 oils (essential); lead, mercurous, silver and stront- 
 ium salts ; organic substances ; sulphides ; vegetable 
 astringent infusions. 
 
 Acid, Tannic — albumin; alkaloids; amyl 
 nitrate; antipyrin; arsenic acid; bromine; cal- 
 cium chloride (concent, solution) ; chlorine; chromic 
 acid; ferric salts; gelatin; glucosides; gluten; 
 hydrochloric acid; iodine; iodoform; lime water; 
 nitric acid; permanganate; piperazine; salts of 
 antimony, bismuth, chromium, copper, gold, 
 lead, mercury and silver; spirit nitrous ether; 
 potassium chlorate or other oxidizers; sulphuric 
 acid; potassium bichromate. 
 
108 
 
 Acid, Tartaric— alkalies; calcium salts; car- 
 bonates; lead salts; lime water; mercury salts; 
 vegetable astringents. 
 
 Aconitine — -hot acids, alkalies or water. An- 
 tagonists: atropine; digitalis; morphine; scoparin; 
 strychnine. See also alkaloids. 
 
 Albumin — acetic acid (with heat); alcohol; 
 alum; ammonium sulphate; camphor; carbolic 
 acid; coniine; collodion; copper sulphate; ether; 
 ferric chloride; heat; hydrogen peroxide; lactic 
 acid; mercuric chloride; metallic salts; meta- 
 phosphoric acid; mineral acids; picric acid; tannic 
 acid; thymol; volatile oils. 
 
 Alcohol — acacia; albumin; bromine; chlorine; 
 chromic acid; inorganic salts; mercuric chloride; 
 mineral acids; potassium permanganate. Anta- 
 gonists: Cocaine; strychnine. 
 
 Alkaloids — alkalies ; alkali carbonates and bicar- 
 bonates; ammonium chloride; benzoates; bichro- 
 mates; bromides; borax; cyanides; gold chloride; 
 ichthyol; iodides; mercuric chloride; oxalic acid; 
 picric acid; piperazine; potassiomercuric iodide 
 (not if acacia present); oxidizers; sodium phos- 
 phate; tannic acid; salicylates. 
 
 Aloes — mercury nitrate; silver nitrate. 
 
 Aloin — Alkali hydrates; bromine water; ferric 
 chloride; lead acetate, basic (not neutral); tannic 
 acid. 
 
 Alum — alkali hydrates; borax; carbonates; 
 galls; kino; lead acetate; lime water; magnesia 
 and magnesium carbonate; mercury salts; phos- 
 phates; tartaric acid; potassium; chlorate. 
 
109 
 
 Ammonium Carbonate — acid salts; alkalies; 
 alum; calomel; copper, iron, lead and silver 
 salts; magnesia; magnesium sulphate; mercuric 
 chloride; potassium bitartrate and bisulphate; 
 tartar emetic; zinc sulphate. See also carbonates. 
 
 Amyl Nitrite — alcohol; antipyrin; caustic 
 potassa. Antagonists: chloroform, cocaine; mor- 
 phine; strychnine. 
 
 Angustura — acids (mineral); cinchona infusion; 
 copper sulphate; galls infusion; ferrous sulphate; 
 lead acetate; mercuric chloride; silver nitrate; 
 catechu infusion; zinc sulphate. 
 
 Anthemis — cinchona infusion; gelatin; iron 
 salts; lead salts; mercuric chloride; silver nitrate. 
 
 Antimony and Potassium Tartrate — acacia; 
 acids (mineral); albumin; alcohol; alkalies; 
 ammonia; ammonium carbonate ; antipyrin; bicar- 
 bonates; calcium chloride; carbonates; gelatin: 
 lead salts; lime water; mercuric chloride; metallic 
 salts; sulphides; tannic acid; vegetable decoctions 
 and infusions. 
 
 Antimony Sulphide — chlorates and other oxidi- 
 zers; nitric acid. 
 
 Antipyrin — alum; ammonia water; amyl 
 nitrite; benzoates; beta naphtol; bromine; car- 
 bolic acid; calomel; chloral hydrate; copper 
 sulphate; chromic acid; cinchona alkaloids; 
 euphorin; ferric chloride; ferrous sulphate; hydro- 
 cyanic acid; iodides; iodine; lead subacetate; 
 mercuric chloride ; potassium permanganate ; pyro- 
 catechin; pyrogallol; resorcin; sodium bicar- 
 bonate; sodium salicylate; solution arsenic and 
 mercury iodide; spirit nitrous ether; syrup ferrous 
 
110 
 
 iodide; tartar emetic; tannic acid; thymol; ure- 
 thane; infusions of catechu, cinchona, rose leaves 
 and uva ursi; tinctures of catechu, cinchona, 
 hamamelis, iodine and rhubarb; orthoform. 
 
 Apomorphine Hydrochloride — alkali hydrates 
 and carbonates; alkaloidal reagents generally; 
 ferric chloride; iodides; lime water; permanga- 
 nates;, picric acid; silver nitrate; tannic acid. 
 Antagonists: chloral hydrate; chloroform; strych- 
 nine. 
 
 Aristol — Water; substances having affinity for 
 iodine. 
 
 Arnica — acids (mineral); ferrous sulphate, lead 
 acetate; zinc sulphate. 
 
 Arsenates — hypophosphites; iodides and sul- 
 phides in acid solutions; salts of aluminium, 
 antimony, barium, calcium, chromium, copper, 
 lead, mercury, silver, and zinc in neutral solutions; 
 tannic acid; iron salts. 
 
 Arsenic — See acid arsenous. 
 
 Arsenic Iodide — alkaloids generally. 
 
 Arsenites — dialyzed iron; ferric hydrate; hy- 
 pophosphorus acid and hypophosphites (in acid 
 solution); salts of heavy metals; tannic acid; 
 copper sulphate; potassium iodide; silver nitrate; 
 sulphides; vegetable astringent decoctions and 
 infusions. 
 
 Atropine — See belladonna. 
 
 Balsam Peru — ferric salts; iodoform; hydrogen 
 peroxide. 
 
 Barium Salts — carbonates; chromates; oxalic 
 acid or oxalates; phosphoric acid or phosphates; 
 
Ill 
 
 sulphuric acid or sulphates; tannic acid; tartaric 
 acid or tartrates. 
 
 Belladonna — alkaloidal precipitants ; alkali 
 hydrates or acids with heat ; tannic acid ; vegetable 
 decoctions or infusions. Antagonists: Aconitine; 
 bromal hydrate; chloral hydrate; hydrocyanic 
 acid; jaborandi; morphine; muscarine; physostig- 
 mine; phytolacca; pilocarpine; quinine. 
 
 Benzaldehyde — ammonia water; caustic po- 
 tassa; phenol, resorcin or pyrocatechin in absence 
 of hydrochloric acid ; sodium bisulphite. 
 
 Benzoates — acids; ferric salts. 
 
 Benzoin — acids; alkalies; water. 
 
 Berberine Salts — alkaloidal precipitants, sol- 
 uble tartrates. 
 
 Bicarbonates — like carbonates. 
 
 Bismuth and Ammonium Citrate — acids. 
 
 Bismuth Subgallate — acids. 
 
 Bismuth Subnitrate — alkali carbonates and 
 hydrates; calomel; hypophosphites ; gallic acid; 
 iodides; salicylic acid; sulphur, tannic acid. 
 
 Borates — acids (mineral); alkaloidal salts; me- 
 tallic salts. 
 
 Bromal Hydrate — acetamide; borneol; carbolic 
 acid; exalgin; menthol; pyrocatechin; urea; 
 urethrane. Antagonist: Atropine. 
 
 Bromides — acids; alkaloids; antimony salts; 
 bismuth salts; chlorine water; chlorates (in acid 
 solution) ; chromates (in acid solution) ; copper, 
 lead, mercurous, and silver salts; spirit nitrous 
 ether (if acid) ; nitric acid. 
 
112 
 
 Bromine Water — alkali hydrates; arsenites; 
 ferrous salts; hypophosphites; hydriodic acid; 
 mercurous salts. 
 
 Broform — caustic alkalies; aqueous liquids. 
 
 Buchu — ferrous sulphate; infusion galls. 
 
 Butyl-chloral Hydrate (Croton-chloral Hy- 
 drate) — acetamide; alkalies; camphor; carbolic 
 acid; exalgin; menthol; piperazine; pyrocatechin ; 
 thymol; urethane. 
 
 Cadmium Salts (Soluble) — alkalies, carbonates; 
 ehromates; phosphates; sulphides. 
 
 Caffeine — like alkaloids in general. Antag- 
 onists: chloral hydrate; cocaine; morphine; 
 physostigmine. 
 
 Calcium Carbonate — acids; alum; ammonium 
 chloride. 
 
 Calcium Salts (Soluble) — alkalies; carbonates; 
 citrates (with heat); oxalates; phosphates; tar- 
 trates. 
 
 Calomel — See mercurous chloride. 
 
 Calumba — acids (mineral); ammonia; cinchona 
 infusion; galls infusion; ferric salts; lead acetate; 
 lime water; mercuric chloride; silver nitrate; 
 tartar emetic. 
 
 Camphor — butyl-chloral hydrate; carbolic acid; 
 chloral hydrate; chromic acid; dichloracetic 
 acid; euphorin; hydrochloric acid; menthol; 
 monochloracetic acid; naphthol; potassium per- 
 manganate; pyrocatechin; pyrogallol; resorcin; 
 salol; salicylic acid; thymol; urethane; water. 
 
 Camphor, Monobromated — carbolic acid; 
 chloral hydrate; euphorin; pyrocatechin; salol; 
 thymol. 
 
113 
 
 Cantharjdin — copper sulphate; lead acetate; 
 mercuric chloride; silver nitrate. 
 
 Capsicum — alum; ammonia; carbonates (alka- 
 line); copper sulphate; ferrous sulphate; galls 
 infusion; lead acetate; mercuric chloride; silver 
 nitrate; zinc sulphate. 
 
 Carbonates — acids; acid salts; alkaloidal 
 salts; bismuth subnitrate; salts of aluminium, 
 antimony, barium, bismuth, cadium, calcium, 
 chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, (ic and ous), lead, 
 manganese, mercury (ic and ous), nickel, silver, 
 strontium and zinc; urethane. 
 
 Cardamom — acids; ferrous sulphate; mercuric 
 chloride. 
 
 Catechu — acids (mineral); albumin; alkalies; 
 calcium salts; cinchona infusion; ferric and ferrous 
 salts; gelatin; lime water; mercuric chloride; 
 zinc sulphate. 
 
 Charcoal — all oxidizers (potassium chlorate, 
 potassium permanganate, etc.). 
 
 Chloral Hydrate — acetanilid; alcohol; alkalies; 
 ammonium salts; borax; borneol; camphor; 
 camphor monobromated; carbolic acid; diuretin; 
 euphorin; exalgin; glycerin (with heat); lead 
 acetate; menthol; mercuric oxide and nitrate; 
 phenacetin; piperazine; potassium cyanide; potas- 
 sium permanganate; potassium iodide; pyrocate- 
 chin; quinine sulphate; salol; sodium phosphate; 
 thymol; urea; urethane. Antagonists: ammonium 
 chloride; atropine; brucine; carbolic acid; caffeine; 
 cocaine; codeine; digitalis; physostigmine; picro- 
 toxin; strychnine; thebaine. 
 
114 
 
 Chlorates -ammonium picrate; arsenites or 
 bromides (in acid solution) ; carbolic acid; charcoal; 
 cyanides; ferrous salts (in acid solution); galHc 
 acid; glycerin; honey; hydrochloric acid; hypo- 
 phosphites; hyposulphites; iodides (in acid solu- 
 tion); iodine; iron (reduced); Lycopodium; mer- 
 CUrous salts (in acid solution); oxalic acid; phos- 
 phorus (amorphous); sulphides in acid solution; 
 sulphuric acid; salicylic acid; shellac; starch; 
 sugar; sulphides; sulphites. 
 
 On orides hydrogen peroxide; lead, msreurous, 
 and silver salts; nitric and sulphuric acids. 
 
 Chlorinated Lime fats; glycerine; iodides; 
 
 oils. 
 
 Chlorine Water -alkalies; ammonium salts; 
 arsenous salts; bromides; ferrous salts; hypo- 
 phosphites; iodides; lead salts; lime water; 
 mercurous salts; oxalic acid; silver salts. 
 
 CHLOROFORM -caustic alkalies; aqueous fluids. 
 Antagonists: amy] nitrite. 
 
 Chromates — barium, bismuth, lead, manganese, 
 mercury, silver, and strontium salts. 
 
 Cinchona —acids (mineral); alkalies; carbonates; 
 alkaloidal precipitants; ferric and ferrous salts; 
 lead acetate; lime water; magnesia; mercuric 
 chloride; rhubarb infusion; silver nitrate; tartar 
 emetic; zinc sulphate. 
 
 Citrates — alcohol; lead acetate; potassium 
 permanganate (in acid solution); silver nitrate. 
 
 COCAINE — acids (concent.); alkaloidal precip- 
 itants; alkalies; caustic alkalies; hot water. 
 Cocaine hydrochloride is incompatible with calomel, 
 chloroform water, mercuric oxide and silver 
 
115 
 
 nitrate. Antagonists: alcohol; amyl nitrite; caf- 
 feine; chloral hydrate; digitalis; morphine. 
 
 Codeine — alkalies; alkaloidal precipitants ; am- 
 monium bromide or chloride; ammonium valeria- 
 nate; copper, iron, and lead salts. Antagonist: 
 chloral hydrate. 
 
 Colchicine — acids; akalies; alkaloidal precipi- 
 tants. 
 
 Collodion — carbolic acid; aqueous fluids. 
 
 Colocynth — alkalies; ferrous sulphate; lead 
 sulphate; lime water; mercuric chloride; silver 
 nitrate. 
 
 Coniine — albumin; aluminium salts; aklaloidal 
 precipitants; chromic acid; copper, iron, mangan- 
 ese, and zinc salts. 
 
 CONIUM — acids (vegetable); alkalies; tannic 
 acid. 
 
 Copaiba — acids (mineral); caustic alkalies ; both 
 calcium hydrate and magnesia solidify it; water. 
 
 Copper Ammoniated — acids; alkalies; lime 
 water. 
 
 Copper Sulphate — alkalies; ammonium ace- 
 tate; arsenites; arsenous acid; calcium chloride; 
 carbonates; ferric acetate; glucose (in alk. sol.); 
 iodides; lead acetate; lime water; mercuric 
 chloride; potassium tartrate; phosphates; silver 
 nitrate; sodium borate; vegetable astringent 
 infusions and tinctures. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate — See mercuric chloride. 
 
 Creosote (Beechwood) — acacia; albumin; 
 cupric, ferric, gold, and silver salts; nitric acid; 
 oxidizers. 
 
116 
 
 Cyanides — acids; alkaloids; chloral hydrate; 
 iodine, lead, mercurous, and silver salts; per- 
 manganates; potassium chlorate ; potassium nitrate. 
 Antagonist: atropine. 
 
 Decoctions — like infusions. 
 
 Digitalis — acids; alkalies; alkaloidal precipi- 
 tants; cinchona infusion; ferrous sulphate; lead 
 acetate ; tannic acid and other vegetable astringents. 
 Antagonists: aconite; chloral hydrate; cocaine; 
 glonoin; muscarine; saponin; scoparin; strych- 
 nine. 
 
 Diuretin — acids; bicarbonates ; borates; car- 
 bolic acid; chloral hydrate; ferric chloride; phos- 
 phates; phosphoric acid. Also those of salicylates. 
 
 Ergot — alkaloidal precipitants; tannic acid. 
 
 Ether — bromine; chromic acid. 
 
 Ether Acetic — alkalies ; chlorine water ; chromic 
 acid; water. 
 
 Ethyl Bromide — alkalies; ammonia water. 
 
 Eucalyptol — potassium permanganate. 
 
 Exalgin — bromal hydrate; butyl-chloral hy- 
 drate; carbolic acid; chloral hydrate; euphorin; 
 menthol; naphtol; pyrocatechin ; pyrogallol; resor- 
 cin; salicylic acid; salol; thymol; urethane. 
 
 Formaldehyde — albumin ; alkalies ; ammonia ; 
 bisulphites; gelatin; copper, gold and silver salts; 
 phenylhydrazine ; iron and tannin preparations. 
 
 Gelatin — alcohol; alumnol; chlorine water; 
 ferric salts; formaldehyde; mercuric chloride; 
 metaphosphoric acid; picric acid; platinum chlor- 
 ide; potassium f errocyanide ; tannic acid; tartar 
 emetic. 
 
117 
 
 Gentian — ferric and ferrous salts; lead acetate. 
 
 Glonoin — alkalies; carbonates; hydrochloric 
 acid;' hydriodic acid. 
 
 Glucosides — acids; alkalies; ferments; lead 
 acetate and subacetate; hot water; tannic acid. 
 
 Glycerin — chromic acid; hot acids; lead 
 oxide; potassium permanganate; silver nitrate. 
 
 Glycyrrhizn, Ammoniated — acids (mineral) ; 
 alkalies; metallic salts. 
 
 Gold and Sodium Chloride — alkalies; alka- 
 loids; arsenites; hypophosphorus acid; ferrous 
 and mercurous salts; organic substances; oxalic 
 acid; potassium iodide; sulphurous acid; thymol; 
 vegetable infusions. 
 
 Guaiac Resin — acids (mineral); acacia; chlo- 
 rine water; chromic acid; ferric and gold chlo- 
 rides; metallic salts; potassium permanganate; 
 spirit nitrous ether. 
 
 Guaiacol — like creosote. 
 
 Homatropine — like belladonna. 
 
 Hydrastis — alkaloidal precipitants. 
 
 Hydrogen Dioxide — alkalies; albumin; am- 
 monia; arsenous salts; balsam Peru; carbolic 
 acid; charcoal; chlorides; chlorine water; citrates 
 of alkalies; ferric salts; glycerin; gold salts; 
 hydrocyanic acid; hypophosphites; iodides; lime 
 water; manganese dioxide; mercurous salts; 
 nitrates; potassium bromide; potassium perman- 
 ganate; sulphates; solution of chlorinated soda; 
 tartrates; tinctures generally. 
 
 Hyoscyamus — acids; alkaloidal precipitants; fer- 
 rous sulphate; lead acetate; silver nitrate; vege- 
 table astringents. 
 
118 
 
 Hypophosphites — arsenic salts; bromine and 
 bromates; chlorine and chlorates; chromates; 
 cupric salts; ferric salts; iodine and iodates; 
 nitric acid; permanganates; sulphuric acid; sul- 
 phurous acid. 
 
 Ichthyol — acids; alcohol; alkaloids; carbon- 
 ates; iron salts. 
 
 Infusions — alkaloidal salts; aluminium-hydrate 
 solution; lead acetate and subacetate; mercuric 
 chloride; silver nitrate; tartar emetic. 
 
 Iodides — alkaloids; arsenic salts (in acid sol.); 
 bromine; chlorine; bismuth, cupric, ferric, lead, 
 mercury (ic and ous), and silver salts; hydrogen 
 peroxide (in acid sol.); nitric acid; nitrites (in acid 
 sol.). 
 
 Iodine — alkalies; alkaline earths; chloral hy- 
 drate; alkaloids; ferrous salts; hypophosphites; 
 hyposulphites; mercurous salts, metlas; oils; 
 turpentine; starch, tannic acid. 
 
 .Iodoform — alkalies (with heat); balsam Peru; 
 calomel; mercuric oxide; oils (in the light); silver 
 nitrate; tannic acid. 
 
 Ipecac — lead acetate; vegetable astringents. 
 
 Iron (Ferrous) Salts — alkalies; carbonates; 
 chromates; chlorates (in acid sol.); ferricyanides; 
 gold salts; hydrogen dioxide; mercuric salts; 
 phosphates; permanganates; sulphides; tannic 
 acid; silver salts. 
 
 Iron (Ferric) Salts — acacia; albumin; alka- 
 lies; apomorphine; aloin; benzoates; carbonates; 
 creosote; balsam Peru; benzoin (in alcohol sol.); 
 diuretin; gallic acid; gelatin; guaiac; guaiacol; 
 
119 
 
 hydriodic acid; hypophosphites ; hyposulphites; 
 iodides; morphine; oils of bay, cloves, cinnamon, 
 pimento, thyme, and wintergreen; pyrogallol; 
 resorcin; salol; sulphides; sulphites; salicylates; 
 tannic acid; vegetable infusions and decoctions. 
 
 Iron Chloride (Ferric)— acacia; albumin; 
 alkalies; carbonates; gelatin; lime water; mag- 
 nesium carbonate; piperazine; vegetable decoc- 
 tions, infusions and tinctures. 
 
 Iron Sulphate (Ferrous) — alkalies; ammon- 
 ium, barium, and calcium chlorides; carbonates; 
 gold and silver salts; lead acetate; lime water; 
 potassium iodide; piperazine; potassium nitrate; 
 Rochelle salt; sodium borate; tannin; vegetable 
 astringent infusions. 
 
 Lead Acetate — acids; alkalies; bromides; car- 
 bolic acid; carbonates; chloral hydrate; chlorides; 
 chromates; cyanides; glucosides; gums; hydro- 
 chloric acid; iodides; opium; pyrocatechin ; 
 pyrogallol; resorcin; salicylic acid; sodium phos- 
 phate; sodium salicylate; sulphates; sulphides; 
 sulphites; tannic acid; urea; urethane; vegetable 
 decoctions, infusions, and tinctures. 
 
 Lead Subacetate — see sol. lead subacetate. 
 
 Lupulin — salts of iron, mercury, platinum and tin. 
 
 Magnesia— acids; with copaiba forms solid 
 mass; with little water becomes hydrated. 
 
 Magnesium Salts — alkalies; arsenates; car- 
 bonates; lead acetate; lime water; oxalates; 
 phosphates; silver nitrate; sulphites; tartrates. 
 
 Manganese Salts — alkalies; carbonates; bro- 
 mine; chlorine and iodine (in alk. sol.); cyanides; 
 phosphates. 
 
120 
 
 Menthol — bromal hydrate; butyl-chloral hy- 
 drate; camphor; carbolic acid; chloral hydrate; 
 chromic acid; exalgin; naphthol; potassium per- 
 manganate; pyrocatechin; pyrogallol; resorcin; 
 thymol; urethane. 
 
 Mercuric Chloride (Corrosive Sublimate) — 
 albumin; alkalies; alkaloids; ammonia; anti- 
 monous and arsenous salts; bromides; borax; 
 carbonates; copper salts; ferrous salts; formic 
 acid; glucosides; honey; hypophosphites or 
 hypophosphorous acid; iodides; infusions of 
 cinchona, columbo, oak bark, and senna; lead 
 salts; lime water; milk; phosphates; piperazine; 
 silver nitrate; soap; sulphates of potassium or 
 sodium; sulphides; syrup sarsaparilla compound; 
 tannic acid; tartar emetic; vegetable astringents; 
 zinc salts. 
 
 Mercurous Chloride (Calomel) — acacia; acids 
 (mineral); alkalies; ammonia; antimony sulphide, 
 golden; arsenites (in alk. mixtures); bromides; 
 carbonates; chlorides; citric acid; cocaine; 
 cyanides; copper salts; hydrocyanic acid; hydro- 
 gen peroxide; hypophosphorous acid; iodides; 
 iodine; iodoform; lead salts; lime water; mercuric 
 oxides; polocarpine; sodium bicarbonate; sugar 
 (cane and milk); silver salts; soaps; sulphides; 
 tragacanth. 
 
 Mercury Ammoniated (White Precipitate) 
 — acids; alkalies; bromine; chlorine; iodine; 
 lime water. 
 
 Mercury Iodide, Red — like mercuric chloride. 
 
 Mercury Iodide, Yellow — like mercurous 
 chloride. 
 
121 
 
 Mercury Oxide — mineral acids ; chloral hydrate ; 
 mercuric chloride. 
 Mercury Subsulphate (Turpeth Mineral) 
 
 — acids; caustic alkalies. 
 
 Methylene Blue — caustic potassa; potassium 
 bichromate; potassium iodide; reducing agents; 
 sulphuric acid. 
 
 Morphine — alkaloidal precipitants ; borax; 
 chlorates ; ferric chloride ; iodates ; iodides ; iodine ; 
 lead acetate and subacetate; magnesia; spirit 
 nitrous ether; silver nitrate. See also alkaloids. 
 Antagonists: atropine; caffeine; chloroform; co- 
 caine; daturine; gelsemium; hyoscyamine; nico- 
 tine; paraldehyde; physostigmine ; picrotoxin; 
 veratrum viride. 
 
 Musk — acids (mineral); cinchona infusion; 
 ferrous sulphate; mercuric chloride; silver nitrate. 
 
 Naphtalin— carbolic acid; chromic acid; pyro- 
 catechin; salol. 
 
 Naphtol Beta — antipyrin; camphor; carbolic 
 acid; chlorinated lime; exalgin; ferric chloride; 
 menthol; potassium; permanganate pyrocatechin ; 
 ur ethane. 
 
 Nitrites— Acetanilid; antipyrin; chlorates; 
 chromates; gold chloride; hypophosphites ; io- 
 dates; iodides; mercury salts (ic and ous); per- 
 manganates; sulphites; tannic acid; vegetable 
 astringent decoctions; infusions or tinctures. 
 
 Nitrogylcerin — see glonoin. 
 
 Nux Vomica — see strychnine. 
 
 Oil Turpentine — bromine; chlorine; iodine; 
 water. 
 
122 
 
 Oil Wintergreen — like acid salicylic. 
 
 Opium — alkalies; alkaloidal precipitants; car- 
 bonates; catechu; cinchona; copper salts; galls; 
 iron salts; kino; lead acetate and subacetate; 
 lime water; mercuric chloride; silver nitrate; 
 zinc sulphate. Antagonists: see morphine. 
 
 Oxalates — see oxalic acid. 
 
 Pancreatin — acids; alcohol; sodium chloride 
 (in excess). 
 
 Paraldehyde — alkalies ; hydrocyanic acid ; iodi- 
 des; oxidizers. 
 
 Pepsin — alcohol; aklalies; tannic acid; vege- 
 table decoctions and infusions. 
 
 Phenacetin — acids (strong); alkalies (strong); 
 carbolic acid; chloral hydrate; iodine; oxidizers; 
 piperazine; pyrocatechin; salicylic acid. 
 
 Phenocoll Hydrochloride — acids (nitric or 
 nitro-hydrochloric) ; alum; benzoates; chloral 
 hydrate; cinchona, compound tincture or decoc- 
 tion; mercuric chloride; piperazine; potassium 
 acetate, bicarbonate, bromide, citrate or sulphate. 
 
 Phosphates — see acid phosphoric. 
 
 Phosphorus — all oxidizers. 
 
 Physostigmine — see alkaloids. Antagonists: 
 atropine; caffeine; chloral hydrate; morphine; 
 strychnine. 
 
 Picrotoxin — acids. Antagonists: chloral hy- 
 drate; morphine. 
 
 Pilocarpine Hydrochloride — alkaloidal pre- 
 cipitants; calomel; potassium permanganate. 
 Antagonists: atropine, 
 
123 
 
 Piperazine — acetanilid; alkaloidal salts; alum; 
 butyl-chloral hydrate; carbolic acid; chloral 
 hydrate; copper sulphate; ferric chloride; ferrous 
 sulphate; mercuric chloride; phenacetin; pheno- 
 coll hydrochloride; picric acid; potassium per- 
 manganate; quinine; silver nitrate; solution arsenic 
 and mercury iodide ; sodium salicylate ; spirit nitrous 
 ether; tannic acid. 
 
 Potassa, Sulphurated — acids; acid salts. 
 
 Potassium and Sodium Tartrate — acids; am- 
 monium chloride; barium salts; calcium salts; 
 lead salts; magnesium sulphate; silver nitrate; 
 sodium sulphate. 
 
 Potassium Permanganate — acids (mineral); al- 
 cohol; ammonia; arsenites; bromides, carbolic 
 acid; chlorides; charcoal; fats; ferrous salts; 
 glycerine; gums; hydrogen dioxide; hypophos- 
 phites; hyposulphites; mercurous salts; oils; 
 organic substances; oxalic acid; oxalates; picric 
 acid; piperazine; sulphites; tannic acid; tartaric 
 acid. 
 
 Pyoktanin — alkalies; mercuric chloride. 
 
 Pyrocatechin — acetanilid; alkalies; antipyrin; 
 ammonium carbonate; bromal hydrate; butyl- 
 chloral hydrate; camphor; camphor mono-bro- 
 mated; carbolic acid; chloral hydrate; diuretin; 
 euphorin; exalgin; ferric chloride; lead acetate; 
 menthol; naphtalin; naphtol; nitric acid; phen- 
 acetin; pyrogallol; resorcin; salol; sodium 
 phosphate; thymol; urea; urethane. 
 
 P yrog all ol — alkalies ; ammonia ; antipy rine ; 
 camphor; carbolic acid; diuretin; exalgin; fer- 
 
124 
 
 ric acetate or chloride; ferrous sulphate; gold 
 salts; iodine; lead acetate; lime water; menthol; 
 mercury salts; potassium permanganate; pyro- 
 catechin; sodium phosphate; urea; urethane. 
 
 Quinine and Salts — like alkaloids. 
 
 Resin — carbolic acid; caustic alkalies; menthol; 
 salol; thymol; urethane. 
 
 Resorcin — acetanilid; albumin; alkalies; an- 
 tipyrin; camphor; exalgin; ferric chloride; men- 
 thol; potassium iodide (in alk. sol.); spirit nitrous 
 ether; urethane. 
 
 Rhubarb — acids (mineral); ferrous sulphate; 
 infusion of catechu; cinchona or galls; lead acetate; 
 lime water; mercuric chloride; silver nitrate; 
 tartar emetic; zinc sulphate. 
 
 Salicylates — see acid, salicylic. 
 
 Salol — alkalies (with heat); bromine water; 
 camphor; camphor monobromated; carbolic 
 acid; chloral hydrate; exalgin; ferric chloride; 
 naphtalin; pyrocatechin ; resin; thymol; urethane. 
 
 Sarsaparilla — galls infusion; lead acetate; 
 lime water; mercuric chloride (with comp. syr. of). 
 
 Senna — acids (mineral); carbonates; cinchona 
 infusion; lead acetate; lime water; mercuric 
 chloride; silver nitrate; tartar emetic. 
 
 Silver Nitrate — acetates; alcohol; alkalies; 
 antimony salts; arsenites; bromides; carbonates; 
 chlorides; chromates; creosote; cyanides; copper 
 salts; ferrous sulphate; glucose; hypophosphites ; 
 iodides; morphine salts; oils; manganous salts; 
 organic substances; phosphates; sulphides; sul- 
 
125 
 
 phates; tartrates; vegetable astringent infusions 
 and decoctions. 
 
 Silver Oxide — antimony and arsenic sulphides; 
 bismuth ; copper, iron and mercury salts ; creosote ; 
 iodine; organic substances; phosphorus; tannic 
 acid. 
 
 Sodium Hyposulphite (Thiosulphate) — acids; 
 barium, lead, mercurous ,and silver salts; arsenic 
 and ferric salts, and chromates and permanganates 
 (all in acid solution) ; chlorates; iodine; nitrates; 
 oxidizers. 
 
 Sodium Phosphate — alkaloids; antipyrine; car- 
 bolic acid; chloral hydrate; lead acetate; pyro- 
 catechin; pyrogallol; resorcin; salicylic acid; 
 sodium salicylate. See also acid, phosphoric. 
 
 Solution Arsenic and Mercury Iodide (Dono- 
 van's Solution) — alkaloids; caustic alkalies; 
 piperazine. See also acid arsenous and iodides. 
 
 Solution Lead Sub acetate — acacia; acids 
 (organic); albumin; alkaloids; antipyrine; glu- 
 cosides. Otherwise like lead acetate. 
 
 Solution Sodium Silicate — acacia; acids; 
 alcohol. 
 
 Spirit Ammonia, Aromatic— acids; acid salts; 
 lime water; aqueous fluids. 
 
 Spirit Camphor — acacia; aqueous fluids; gelatin. 
 
 Spirit Lemon— acacia, aqueous fluids; gelatin. 
 
 Spirits Nitrous Ether — acacia; acetanilid; 
 alkalies; antipyrin; carbonates; ferrous sulphate; 
 gelatin; guaiac tincture; iodides; morphine; 
 tannic acid; piperazine; preparations of uva ursi; 
 thymol. See also nitrites. 
 
126 
 
 Spirit Peppermint — acacia; aqeuous fluids; 
 gelatin. 
 
 Starch (in Solution) — acids; alcohol; alka- 
 lies; diastase; iodine; lead subacetate; lime 
 water; tannic acid. 
 
 Stramonium — -acids (mineral) salts of iron, 
 lead, mercury and silver. Otherwise like bella- 
 donna. 
 
 Strontium Salts — alkalies; carbonates; chro- 
 mates; oxalates; phosphates; sulphates. 
 
 Strychnine — all alkaloidal precipitants. An- 
 tagonists: aconite; alcohol; amyl nitrite; atro- 
 pine ; chloral hydrate ; chloroform ; curarine ; digitalis ; 
 hydrocyanic acid; morphine; nicotine; paralde- 
 hyde; physostigmine; potassium bromide; ure- 
 thane. 
 
 Sulphates — see acid sulphuric. 
 
 Sulphur — potassium chlorate; potassium per- 
 manganate. 
 
 Taraxacum — galls infusion, iron, lead, mercury 
 and silver salts. 
 
 Tartar Emetic — see antimony and potassium 
 tartrate. 
 
 Terebene — chlorine; bromine; iodine; water. 
 
 Theobromine Salts — gold, mercury, and silver 
 salts; water. See also diuretin. 
 
 Thymol — Acetanilid ; antipyrin ; butyl-chloral 
 hydrate; camphor; camphor monobromated; 
 carbolic acid; chloral' hydrate; exalgin; gold 
 salts; menthol; pyrocatechin ; quinine sulphate; 
 resin; salol; spirit nitrous ether ; ur ethane. 
 
127 
 
 Tragacanth — alcohol; copper sulphate; fer- 
 rous sulphate; lead acetate (basic and neutral). 
 
 Urea — bromal hydrate; chloral hydrate; lead 
 acetate; pyrocatechin; pyrogallol. 
 
 Urethane — aldehydes; alkalies; antipyrin; 
 benzoic acid; bromal hydrate; butyl-chloral 
 hydrate; camphor; carbonates; carbolic acid; 
 exalgin; menthol; naphtol; pyrocatechin; pyro- 
 gallol; resin; resorcin; salicylic acid; salol; thymol. 
 
 Uva Ursi — alkalies; gelatin; cinchona infusion; 
 iron and lead salts; opium; silver nitrate; spirit 
 nitrous ether; tartar emetic. 
 
 Valerian — cinchona infusion; iron and silver 
 salts. 
 
 Vegetable Preparations — iron and lead salts. 
 
 Water — alcoholic extracts and tinctures; alka- 
 loids generally; collodion; fats; oils; gum resins; 
 resins; resinous extracts and tinctures. 
 
 Zinc Salts— acacia ; alkalies; arsenates; car- 
 bonates; cyanides; lime water; milk; oxalates; 
 phosphates; sulphates; sulphides; vegetable 
 astringent decoctions and infusions. 
 
EXAMPLES OF INCOMPATIBILITY IN 
 J$ PRESCRIPTIONS* 
 
 Sodii Boratis, gr x 
 
 Zinci Sulphatis, gr n 
 
 Aquae Camphorae, f 5 j 
 
 Aquae Rosae, qs. ad., f5 ~j 
 
 M. Sig. Put one drop in each eye night and 
 morning. 
 
 The zinc is entirely precipitated by the borax, 
 producing a white flocculent precipitate of zinc 
 borate or hydrate. If dispensed, the precipitate 
 should be filtered out. 
 
 I* 
 
 Iodine, gr. xxx 
 
 Spirit of Camphor, f § j 
 
 Soap Liniment, f § nj 
 
 Mix and label. Apply as directed. 
 
 This makes a clear brownish-red solution, which 
 on standing two or three days loses much of its 
 color, becoming light brown. On applying the 
 starch test for free iodine no blue color was obtained 
 According to Muir and Morley, iodine with cam. 
 phor forms a hydrocarbon and other substances 
 
 9. — 
 
 Liquor Ferri Chloridi, f3 ij 
 
 Potassii Chloratis, gr xxx 
 
 Glycerini, f3 ~j 
 
 M. Sig. Teaspoonful twice a day. 
 
 *From Ruddiman's "Incompatibilities in Prescriptions." 
 John Wiley & Sons, Publishers. 
 
 (128) 
 
129 
 
 There is considerable danger of having an explo- 
 sion in attempting to fill this. If the potassium 
 chlorate is rubbed with the glycerin, explosion 
 is liable to take place or if the chlorate be added 
 to the solution of ferric chloride, which always 
 contains some free hydrochloric acid, chlorine 
 will be formed, and this will act upon the glycerin, 
 converting it into oxalic and carbonic acids. In 
 filling this the temperature should not go above 
 70°F., and then the bottle should be loosely stop- 
 pered for a time before giving out. 
 
 Iodoform, 
 
 Tannic acid, aa o ij 
 
 Mix and label. Dust over abraided surface. 
 No change is noticed in the appearance of this 
 mixture on standing. The odor of the iodoform 
 slowly diminishes, and, according to the U. S. 
 Dispensatory (17th Ed.), this is due to the decom- 
 position of the iodoform by the tannic acid. 
 
 Sodii Salicylatis, 5 ij ss 
 
 Syrupi Limonis, f 5 ij 
 
 M. Sig. Teaspoonful three times a day. 
 On standing, the citric acid in the syrup com- 
 bines with the sodium, liberating salicylic acid, 
 which, being only sparingly soluble in water is 
 precipitated in needle-shaped crystals. This can 
 be dispensed as a shake mixture. The precipi- 
 
130 
 
 tation is rather tardy and it would be well to 
 give notice of the change which will take place. 
 
 3 
 
 Liquoris Potass. Arsenitis, f 5 j 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Cor., gr j 
 
 Aquae, io iv 
 
 Misce et fiat sol. Sig. Dessertspoonful three 
 times a day. 
 
 Fowler's solution is alkaline, due to the excess 
 of potassium bicarbonate used in making the 
 solution. Boiling with water converts the bicar- 
 bonate into the normal carbonate of potassium to 
 some extent. Either the bicarbonate or the normal 
 carbonate precipitates mercuric chloride in solution 
 as the red-brown mercuric oxychloride. If the 
 solution of arsenous acid be used, instead of Fowler's 
 solution it will not give a precipitate with corrosive 
 sublimate. 
 
 I* 
 
 Quininae Sulph., gr x 
 
 Potassi Acetatis, gr xx 
 
 Acidi Sulphurici Dil., gtt iv 
 
 Aquae, q. s. ad, f 5 j 
 
 M. S. Teaspoonful after meals. 
 On dissolving the quinine sulphate in part of 
 the cinnamon water with the aid of the sulphuric 
 
131 
 
 acid, then adding the potassium acetate previously 
 dissolved in the remainder of the water, a volu- 
 minous precipitate of quinine acetate is obtained. 
 Quinine acetate is only sparingly soluble in water, 
 and the amount here formed is so large and bulky 
 that it is difficult to pour out an even dose. 
 
 Acid Carbolici, oiss 
 
 Aquae, q. s ad. 5 j 
 
 M. S. Use with camel-hair brush. 
 
 Water can be added to carbolic acid, until the 
 proportion is about 3 parts of acid to 1 part of 
 water, forming a clear solution. (Allen). On 
 adding more water the acid separates as an oily 
 liquid, going to the bottom. When water has 
 been added so that the proportion is about 1 part 
 of acid to 15 parts of water, a clear solution again 
 results. In this prescription there will be a layer 
 of liquefied acid in the bottom of the bottle. If 
 the brush should remain in the bottle between the 
 periods of using it there is danger that it will be- 
 come saturated with the strong acid and that it 
 will be applied in this condition. By the use of 
 some glycerin in place of part of the water a clear 
 solution can be made and this is what should be 
 done. 
 
 % ^_ 
 
 Syrupi Acidi Hydriodici, f B ij 
 
 Bismuthi Subnit, 5 iss 
 
 M. S. Teaspoonful three times a day. 
 
132 
 
 The bismuth subnitrate is insoluble in the syrup, 
 but a chemical reaction takes place between it 
 and the hydriodic acid, as is evidenced by the 
 change in color. Bismuth subnitrate is white; 
 on mixing it with the syrup the color becomes 
 yellow, and within a few minutes it turns to a 
 dark brown and then grayish black. On allowing 
 the precipitate to settle it appears to be a mixture 
 of two compounds, one yellow and the other dark 
 gray. According to Watts' Dictionary, the oxyio- 
 dide of bismuth is copper-colored and the bismuth 
 iodide is a brilliant gray. 
 
 Alcohol, 30 cc. 
 
 Iodine, 10 gm. 
 
 Turpentine, 200 cc. 
 
 Mix. To be used as a spray. 
 
 If the turpentine is poured upon the iodine 
 violent chemical reaction results, with the for- 
 mation of violet fumes of vaporized iodine, caused 
 by the heat generated. While there is not enough 
 of alcohol to dissolve all of the iodine, it is best 
 to dissolve as much as possible before adding 
 the turpentine, which should be added in small 
 portions, cooling the mixture if necessary. Upon 
 standing the liquid separates into two layers. The 
 lower one being much smaller in amount and very 
 dark colored, is probably the alcohol holding most 
 of the iodine in solution ; the upper stratum is very 
 much lighter in color and is probably the turpen- 
 
133 
 
 tine. Turpentine and alcohol are not miscible in 
 all proportions. 
 
 Bismuth Subnit., 5 I 
 
 Sodii B icarbonatis, grxxx 
 
 M. Fiant pil., No. XX. 
 
 In mixing these two substances chemical reaction 
 takes place, with the liberation of carbon dioxide, 
 which causes the mass to swell to several times its 
 original size. This reaction goes on slowly requiring 
 several hours for its completion, and the mass 
 should not be made into pills until the reaction 
 has been completed. If the subcarbonate had been 
 substituted for the subnitrate incompatibility 
 would have been avoided and the same physiologic 
 effects obtained. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Potassii Bromidi, grxv 
 
 Hydrargyri Chlor. Mitis. grxv 
 
 Misce et fiat pulvis: Mitte tales No. XII. 
 
 If the ingredients are powdered separately 
 and are perfectly dry when mixed no chemical 
 reaction takes place. But upon addition of water 
 or in the presence of moisture the powder becomes 
 dark gray in color. The darkening is due to the 
 formation of metallic mercury. At the same time 
 some of the calomel is converted into a mercuric 
 
134 
 
 salt, rendering the prescription dangerous. It 
 should not be dispensed. 
 
 Morphinae Sulph., gr n 
 
 vSp. Aetheris Nitrosi, 
 
 Aquae, a a fo ss 
 
 Misce. Signa: Capiat cochleare unum parvum 
 quoties requiritur. 
 
 The nitrous ether acts upon the morphine giving a 
 yellowish green solution. Morphine is undoubtedly 
 oxidized by the nitrous acid, but the products 
 have not been determined. 
 
 Liq. Plumbi Subacet. Dil., 
 
 Tinctural Opii, a a fo ss 
 
 Aquae, f5 j 
 
 M. S. Lotion. 
 
 This is a very common combination. Lead 
 subacetate forms compounds with nearly all alka- 
 loids, and these are insoluble in water. The 
 opium alkaloids are no exceptions. The alcohol 
 of the tincture undoubtedly tends to prevent the 
 precipitation to some extent, though there is still 
 quite a heavy one. The mixture should not be 
 filtered. 
 
135 
 
 Cocainae Hydrochlor., grv 
 
 Sodae Boratis, gr ij 
 
 Aquae Dest., O j 
 
 'M. S. Drop one drop in right eye at night. 
 
 Borax is alkaline in reaction and precipitates 
 nearly all alkaloids from solutions of their salts. 
 It precipitates the cocaine in this prescription, 
 but the difficulty can be prevented by the use of 
 a little glycerin. The glycerin acts chemically 
 on the borax, breaking it up and forming sodium 
 metaborate and boric acid. If boric acid were 
 used instead of borax no precipitation would occur. 
 
 R 
 
 Sp. Ammoniae Arom., foil 
 
 Liquoris Calcis, f5nss 
 
 M. S. Dessertspoonful as needed. 
 
 On mixing these two ingredients together a 
 white precipitate of calcium carbonate is formed, 
 the spirit containing ammonium carbonate. The 
 lime water also throws out of solution the oils of 
 the aromatic spirit. Whether the precipitate 
 should be filtered out or not must depend upon 
 the conditions for which the medicine is prescribed. 
 
136 
 
 POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES* 
 
 In treating cases of poisoning, four indications 
 must be kept in mind: (A) How to most quickly 
 get the bulk of the posion out of the stomach 
 by forcibly emptying it; (B) how to antidote the 
 residual poison after evacuating the stomach; (C) 
 how to eliminate from the system the poison that 
 has entered the blood or gone on into the intestines; 
 (D) how to treat the dangerous symptoms as they 
 arise from the effects of the poison. 
 
 Acetanilid, Antifebrin, Antipyrin. — Place 
 patient in a recumbent position, allow plenty of 
 fresh air; give stimulants (brandy, whisky, aro- 
 matic spirits of ammonia, etc.) Apply heat exter- 
 nally; use atropine or belladonna to maintain 
 blood pressure; strychnine to aid respiration; 
 oxygen inhalations if there is excessive cyanosis. 
 
 Acid Acetic. — Administer magnesia freely; soap 
 and water; lime water; chalk; milk, oils and 
 thick gruels may be given. 
 
 Acid Carbolic. — Unless great destruction of 
 mucous membrane has occurred, produce vomiting 
 by means of warm water containing some sodium 
 bicarbonate or zinc sulphate; mustard; apomor- 
 phine. Demulcent drinks, flaxseed or elm tea, 
 and white of egg beaten up with water, protect 
 mucous surfaces. Do not give oils or glycerin. 
 As stimulants use whiskey, alcohol, ammonia, etc., 
 hypodermically if need be; warmth; friction. 
 
 *From Merck's Report Ready Reference. (Adapted to 
 veterinary practice. When vomiting is mentioned it is under- 
 stood to refer to the smaller animals as the pig, dog and cat; 
 not to the herbivora) . 
 
137 
 
 Opium relieves pain. Excite counter irritation 
 over the abdomen. Give digitalis and strychnine 
 if needed. Recently whiskey and brandy have 
 been warmly recommended, followed in a few 
 minutes by a hypodermic injection of apomorphine 
 to produce vomiting. A Dublin veterinarian, 
 Allen, has lately recommended turpentine for 
 carbolic acid poisoning. 
 
 Acid, Carbonic and Coal Gas. — Bring the 
 patient at once into the open air. If the respira- 
 tory movements have ceased, cold water should 
 be dashed on the face and chest, to awaken them to 
 reflex action. If no effect is thereby produced resort 
 to artificial respiration which should be continued 
 for at least an hour. A series of quick sharp blows 
 over the cardiac region will sometimes start the 
 heart into action after it has stopped. Inhalation 
 of oxygen or ammonia vapor, or an enema of black 
 coffee, and venesection, may be of service. 
 
 Acid, Chromic, Potassium Chromate and 
 Bichromate. — Evacuate the stomach with K oz. of 
 mustard stirred to a cream with 1 ounce of water ; 
 (man or dog), or with zinc sulphate, apomorphine; 
 ipecac or pump. Follow with magnesium oxide or 
 carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or chalk, in water; 
 as demulcent drinks give barley, elm, or flaxseed 
 water. 
 
 Acid, Hydrocyanic, Cyanides, Cherry-Laurel 
 Water, Oil Bitter Almond. — Fifteen minims of 
 official acid, or 1 grain of anhydrous acid, usually 
 kills (man or dog) in 10 to 15 minutes. Place 
 in recumbent position, allow plenty of fresh air; 
 empty the stomach by mustard, zinc sulphate, 
 
138 
 
 or pump; keep the body warm. If breathing 
 ceases, use artificial respiration, mild faradic 
 current to the heart, alternate cold and warm 
 affusion to head, chest and spine; administer 
 ammonia by inhalation or give it by mouth or 
 veins; inject atropine solution 2 to 4 drops every 
 half hour, to assist the heart's action. Ferrous 
 sulphate with ferric sulphate, followed by potas- 
 sium carbonate, yields inert Prussian blue. Ferrous 
 sulphate alone or with calcined magnesia renders 
 the acid insoluble, but the action of the acid is so 
 quick that there is scarcely time for the applications 
 of many remedies. Brandy by the mouth, skin, or 
 rectum has been found valuable. 
 
 Acid, Oxalic and Oxalates. — Half to one 
 ounce usually proves fatal (man or dog). If not 
 already vomited by the poison, empty the stom- 
 ach at once with mustard, zinc sulphate, pump 
 or tube, then neutralize with chalk, whiting, or 
 wall plaster in water, or lime water itself, never 
 with sodium, potassium or ammonia salts, as 
 these form soluble oxalates; apply hot fomenta- 
 tions to the loins. Give an enema to empty the 
 bowels. Give much water to facilitate elimina- 
 tion by the kidneys. 
 
 Acids, Mineral: Hydrochloric, Nitric, 
 nltrohydrochloric, sulphuric, phosphoric. 
 
 One to four drams of the stronger acids usually 
 proves fatal (man and dog). Neutralize with 
 sodium bicarbonate, calcined magnesia, lime, chalk, 
 or wall plaster mixed with water; if none of these 
 are accessible, dilute and wash out the stomach 
 with considerable water. One may use with 
 
139 
 
 advantage any of the following — soap, milk, gruel, 
 olive and almond oil, eggs beaten up. Avoid the 
 stomach pump as it might perforate the softened 
 oesophagus. 
 
 Aconite and Aconitine. — Thirty to sixty 
 drops of tincture or one-twentieth grain of alka- 
 loid generally prove fatal (man or dog). Evacu- 
 ate the stomach at once with zinc sulphate, apo- 
 morphine, mustard, or pump; place in a recum- 
 bent position, the head the lowest; apply warmth 
 to the extremities; give solution, four drops hypo- 
 dermically, or, give tincture of belladonna twenty 
 drops by the mouth, repeated. If heart syncope 
 presents, give tincture of digitalis fifteen drops 
 hypodermically or thirty drops by the mouth. 
 As stimulants, use ammonia, brandy, strychnine, 
 mustard plasters to the chest. Aid vomiting 
 and elimination of the poison by abundant water, 
 to which may be added brandy or alcohol in any 
 form. Inhale amyl nitrate, or oxygen, and if 
 breathing stops use artificial respiration. Animal 
 charcoal and tannin are of service. 
 
 (The doses of the antidotes mentioned above 
 are for man and dog ; for larger animals the dosage 
 should be in proportion to size.) 
 
 Alcohol. — Inebriation somewhat resembles 
 opium poisoning and concussion of the brain. 
 Empty the stomach, wash out well with warm 
 coffee, keep the body very warm, but apply cold 
 douche to the head; allow plenty of fresh air; 
 apply interrupted current to the respiratory muscles ; 
 ammonia water or amyl nitrite to the nostrils; 
 keep the patient awake mechanically by shaking, 
 shouting, etc. 
 
140 
 
 Alkalies, Potassa, Soda and Ammonia. — 
 They usually cause vomiting, but if they do not, 
 accomplish this by plenty of luke-warm water, 
 to be followed by vinegar (dilute acetic acid, 
 lemon or orange juice, tartaric or citric acid solu- 
 tion, 2 drams to a pint of water); olive oil (1 to 
 4 drams for man and dog) ; egg white, milk, demul- 
 cent drinks (arrowroot, elm, barley, or flaxseed 
 water) to protect the mucous membranes and 
 sustain vital powers. May always give plenty of 
 water and relieve pain with laudanum or hypo- 
 dermics of morphine. 
 
 Alkaloids in General. — Tannin generally forms 
 comparatively insoluble tannates; albumin; iodine 
 and charcoal also of service; use emetics and 
 cathartics later. 
 
 Ammonia. — Administer vinegar, lemon juice, 
 orange juice, or any vegetable acid, followed by 
 demulcents to protect the mucous surfaces. When 
 inhaled, give vapor of acetic or hydrochloric acid 
 or chlorine water by inhalation. 
 
 Amyl Nitrite. — Atropine, ergotin, or strych- 
 nine hypodermically are the best antidotes ; stimul- 
 ants, alternate hot and cold douches, with cold 
 to the head, and artificial respiration are also useful 
 measures. 
 
 Antimony Compounds, Tartar Emetic. — In 
 man, 2 to 5 grains have occasioned death, while 
 several drams have failed to produce more than 
 great vomiting and alarming general symptoms. 
 Should these fail to cause the patient to vomit 
 one must create this by mustard, zinc sulphate, 
 apomorphine or pump; follow with strong tea 
 
141 
 
 or coffee, solution of tannic or gallic acid, to form 
 an insoluble compound. Give demulcent drinks 
 (flaxseed, slippery elm, egg white, milk); opium 
 and stimulants in small but frequent doses. If 
 the body be cold, apply blankets; faradic current 
 over the heart if necessary. Instead of tannin, 
 freshly precipitated ferric hydroxide can be used, 
 following with opium or morphine for the pain. 
 
 Antipyrin. — See Acetanilid. 
 
 Apocynin. — Like Digitalis. 
 
 Arsenic Compounds. — Unless the poison itself 
 vomits, accomplish this with mustard, zinc sul- 
 phate, apomorphine, pump, or tube. Either 
 wash out the stomach with a large quantity of 
 water or give freshly precipitated hydrated oxide 
 of iron, made by double decomposition between 
 any ferric solution and a solution of either diluted 
 ammonia water, sodium carbonate, or magnesium 
 oxide, the object being to form insoluble ferric 
 arsenite or arsenate. The ammonia acts as a stimul- 
 ant, the calcined magnesia as an aperient. One 
 may give with advantage, oil, mucilaginous drinks, 
 egg white, and in cases of faintness, stimulants. 
 If the skin be cold, apply hot blankets, and relieve 
 the pain by opium or morphine; one may conclude 
 with a dose of castor oil. 
 
 Atropine. — See Belladonna. 
 
 Barium Compounds. — See Lead compounds. 
 
 Belladonna or Atropine, Hyoscyamus or 
 Hyoscyamine, Stramonium or Daturine, Dul- 
 camara or Solanine, Duboisia or Duboisine. — 
 Empty the stomach by mustard, zinc sulphate 
 
142 
 
 apomorphine, pump or tube; give strong infu- 
 sion of coffee, or tea by the mouth or rectum; 
 also pilocarpine nitrate; or instead, use mor- 
 phine, opium, or physostigmine to antagonize 
 the nervous disturbances of the poison. Apply 
 hot water to the feet; alternate douches of hot 
 and cold water are useful. Give stimulants (whiskey 
 or brandy), ammonia to the nostrils; also practise 
 artificial respiration. 
 
 Benzene. — Evacuate the stomach (mustard, 
 zinc sulphate, apomorphine, ipecac, pump). Give 
 abundant fresh air; hypodermic of atropine, or 
 tincture of belladonna. Apply alternately hot 
 and cold water douches to the chest; practise 
 artificial respiration, and apply a mild interrupted 
 current over the heart. 
 
 Blue Stone. — See copper, under mercury com- 
 pounds. 
 
 Bromides. — Give strong coffee, caffeine citrate, 
 digitalis; morphine is antagonistic to mental 
 symptoms; ergot and belladonna are sometimes 
 used. 
 
 Bromine. — Give albumin, starch, gelatin, sodium 
 or potassium carbonate or bicarbonate. Against 
 the irritant vapor, inhalations of steam and am- 
 monia vapor may be employed. 
 
 Brucine. — See strychnine. 
 
 Calabar Bean. — See Physostigma. 
 
 Camphor. — Empty the stomach (by mustard, 
 zinc sulphate, pump, etc.) ; give alcohol or brandy 
 in small and frequent doses (best hypodermically) 
 ether inhalations; alternate hot and cold douches; 
 warmth to the extremities by hot blankets, etc. 
 
143 
 
 Cannabis Indica. — Treat as in opium, but 
 also in the first stages use lemon juice. 
 
 Cantharides or Cantharidin. — In man or 
 dog a half dram of powder or one ounce of the 
 tincture usually proves fatal. Empty the stomach 
 (mustard, zinc sulphate, apomorphine, ipecac, 
 pump); allay pain with morphine hypodermically 
 or tincture of opium (through the mouth or rectum). 
 Give plenty of demulcent drinks (barley, elm, 
 flaxseed tea, gruel or pure water) but no oils or oily 
 emulsion, in which cantharidin is very soluble; opium 
 stimulants, warm baths, cataplasms to the abdomen. 
 
 Carbon Disulphide. — Quiet the nervous excite- 
 ment with potassium bromide and chloral; support 
 the circulation with stimulants; may vomit with 
 mustard at first; ammonia to nostrils, warmth 
 to the body, cold douche to the head; artificial 
 respiration. 
 
 Castor Beans. — In man three seeds in one 
 case, and twenty in another, have caused death 
 in two and five days respectively. As soon as 
 they have been swallowed give an emetic (mustard, 
 etc.); later give demulcent drinks, opium to 
 quiet violent symptoms which resemble those of 
 cholera. 
 
 Cat Bites. — See Dog Bites. 
 
 Cherry-Laurel Water. — See Acid Hydro- 
 cyanic. 
 
 Chloral. — One-half to one dram may prove 
 fatal (small animals) ; empty the stomach (mustard, 
 zinc. sulphate, apomorphine, ipecac, pump). When 
 the stomach is empty introduce coffee by tube 
 
144 
 
 (mouth or rectum); keep limbs warm (friction, 
 mustard plasters, water bags). Administer hypo- 
 dermically, fresh 2% solution of strychnine nitrate 
 every fifteen minutes. Picrotoxin may be substi- 
 tuted for strychnine. Arouse the patient and keep 
 him awake by coffee, caffeine, flagellation, shaking, 
 shouting; apply ammonia to the nostrils, cold to 
 the head; amyl nitrite inhalation to stimulate the 
 heart; practise artificial respiration if necessary. 
 
 Chlorates (and Nitrates — potassium, sodium, 
 etc.) — Empty the stomach (mustard, zinc sul- 
 phate, apomorphine) . Give plenty of water and 
 mucilaginous drinks to dilute the poison, opium 
 to relieve the pain; amyl nitrite inhalations; 
 avoid stimulants that would increase kidney conges- 
 tion, keep warm by hot fomentations to the loins. 
 
 Chloroform or Ether, Nitrous Oxide Gas. — 
 Withdraw the inhalation at once, lower well the 
 head; pull the tongue forward so as to admit 
 plenty of fresh air. Use artificial respiration 
 and heat; weak current — one pole at the larynx, 
 the other on the pit of the stomach (not far from 
 the diaphragm). Apply hot and cold douche; 
 inhale amyl nitrite. If the heart has stopped, 
 give several taps over that region, inhale ammonia, 
 give brandy, atropine, strychnine. If swallowed 
 evacuate the stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, 
 apomorphine, pump); enema of hot coffee, large 
 draughts of water, containing sodium carbonate or 
 bicarbonate, and proceed as if inhaled. 
 
 Chlorinated Lime. — Administer albumin, mu- 
 cilaginous drinks, oils, milk, or flour and water; 
 
145 
 
 avoid acids. Opium and alcohol are used for 
 the vital depression. 
 
 Chlorine. — Against chlorine preparations in 
 the stomach employ albumin or ammonia water 
 in small quantity and well diluted; emesis with 
 warm water, then white of egg, or milk, flour, 
 or lime water. Ammonia vapor is used against 
 inhaled chlorine. 
 
 Coal Gas. — Carbon monoxide is the poisonous 
 agent. See also Acid, Carbonic. 
 
 Cobalt. — See Arsenic. 
 
 Cocaine. — Resembles closely atropine in its 
 general action as to pulse, pupils, respiration, 
 sweat glands and bowels. Give one of the usual 
 emetics, then tannin. Morphine is probably the 
 best all round antagonist; then in sequence, chloral, 
 chloroform, and ether. Give amyl nitrite to 
 counteract heart depression; alcohol and opium 
 to stimulate the heart; should these fail, use 
 artificial respiration. One may employ ammonia 
 inhalations and caffeine. 
 
 Cocculus Indicus. — See Strychnine. 
 
 Codeine. — See Opium. 
 
 Colchicum (wine or tincture; Colocynth, 
 Elaterium). — If vomiting and purging have not 
 occurred, accomplish the former by one of the 
 usual emetics (mustard, zinc sulphate, ipecac, 
 apomorphine, or pump); follow with tannic or 
 gallic acid, or strong tea or coffee; plenty of water 
 and demulcent drinks; opium or morphine to 
 allay the pain in the stomach, purging, and to 
 antagonize heart depression, stimulants (alcohol, 
 
146 
 
 whiskey, etc.). Keep the extremities warm and 
 apply hot fomentations to the abdomen. 
 
 Colocynth. — See Colchicum. 
 
 Conium (or Coniine). — Empty the stomach 
 (mustard, zinc sulphate, apomorphine, pump); 
 apply external warmth (hot wraps, bags or bot- 
 tles), give strong tea, coffee, tannic, or gallic acid 
 or any solution containing tannin; stimulants, 
 artificial respiration; strychnine, picrotoxin, active 
 exercise; castor oil. 
 
 Convallaria. — See Digitalis. 
 
 Copper Compounds. — See Mercury Compounds. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate. — See Mercury Com- 
 pounds. 
 
 Creosote. — Practically the same as with Carbolic 
 Acid. 
 
 Croton Oil. — Empty the stomach (mustard, 
 zinc sulphate, apomorphine, pump); give tinc- 
 ture of opium or morphine hypodermically, until 
 pain and purging are abated. Give demulcent 
 drinks (elm, flaxseed water, mucilage, milk, olive 
 oil, albumin, soup) ; spirit of camphor in milk, 
 stimulants (brandy, alcohol, whiskey, ammonia), 
 warm baths are also used. 
 
 Curarine (or Curare). — If introduced in a 
 wound and all is not removed apply ligature, 
 suck the injured part, washing it out with slightly 
 alkaline solution of potassium permanganate; 
 apply warmth to the loins, plenty of water internally, 
 artificial respiration; spirit of nitrous ether rapidly 
 eliminates the poison through the urine. The great 
 difficulty is in sustaining life by artificial respiration 
 until elimination begins. 
 
147 
 
 Cyanides. — See Acid Hydrocyanic. 
 
 Oil Bitter Almond. — See Acid Hydrocyanic. 
 
 Cytisine (or Laburnum Seeds). — Induce vom- 
 iting and wash out the stomach with strong tea 
 or coffee; follow with enema or quick purgative; 
 stimulant; rouse the patient by hot and cold 
 douche. 
 
 Daturine. — See Belladonna. 
 
 Digitalis (or Digitalin); Scillain [Scillitin], 
 (Strophanthus, Strophanthin, Convallaria, Sco- 
 parius). — Evacuate the stomach (mustard, zinc 
 sulphate, apomorphine, pump). Follow with strong 
 tea or coffee or tannic or gallic acid in water. 
 Hypodermic solution of aconitine nitrate may 
 be given, or tincture of aconite by mouth; if this 
 has given good results repeat in thirty minutes, 
 keep the patient quiet and do not allow an erect 
 position, as that may cause fainting to death. 
 Give stimulants frequently by the mouth, or if 
 vomiting occurs, by the rectum. When the drug 
 has been in continuous use, opium is the best 
 antidote. Saponin and Senegin are the best 
 physiologic antagonists. 
 
 Dog Bites (and Cat Bites). — Suck out the 
 wound well with the mouth, wash with a weak 
 alkaline solution (ammonia, caustic potash, etc.), 
 then cauterize with lunar caustic. 
 
 Duboisia (and Duboisine). — See Belladonna. 
 
 Dulcamara (and Solanin). — See Belladonna. 
 
 Elaterium. — See Colchicum. 
 
 Ergot. — Evacuate the stomach (mustard, zinc 
 sulphate, apomorphine, pump). Give purgative 
 (Croton Oil) and assist the action by plenty of 
 
148 
 
 warm drinks. Tannic or gallic acid may be useful; 
 after vomiting and purging, administer small 
 doses of opium at intervals. Nitroglycerin every 
 15 minutes has been effective. Allow a recumbent 
 position. Apply warmth and friction to maintain 
 the circulation; stimulants; amyl nitrite. 
 
 Eserine. — See Physostigma. 
 
 Ether. — See Chloroform. 
 
 Fish Poison. — Administer emetics and cathar- 
 tics; potassium chlorate; solution ammonium 
 acetate; opium; capsicum or chloroform. 
 
 Fowler's Solution. — See Arsenic. 
 
 Fungi. — See Mushrooms. 
 
 Gelsemium (and Gelsemine). — Empty the stom- 
 ach (mustard or pump) ; give atropine hypodermi- 
 cally or tincture of belladonna by mouth; apply 
 external heat by rubbing; stimulants (digitalis, 
 ammonia, coffee, alcohol, artificial respiration, 
 electricity); rouse the patient by hot and cold 
 douches. 
 
 Glonoin. — Like Amyl Nitrite. 
 
 Gold Salts. — Like Mercury compounds. 
 
 Hyoscine. — Similar to Belladonna, but chloral 
 is used here with great advantage. 
 
 Hyoscyamus (and Hyoscyamine) . — See Bella- 
 donna. 
 
 Ignatia. — See Strychnine. 
 
 Iodine. — Empty the stomach (mustard, zinc 
 sulphate, apomorphine, pump) ; follow with starch 
 diffused in hot water or as a paste, or flour in warm 
 water; farinaceous substances (arrow-root, boiled 
 rice, thin gruel); demulcent drinks; may inhale 
 
149 
 
 amyl nitrite and relieve the pain by opium and 
 morphine. 
 
 Laburnum Seeds. — See Cytisine. 
 
 Lactucarium. — See Opium. 
 
 Laudanum. — See Opium. 
 
 Lead Compounds (Lead Chromate and Ace- 
 tate; Barium Compounds). — If acute, empty the 
 stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, apomorphine, 
 pump); follow with sulphate of magnesium or 
 sodium, or dilute sulphuric acid; milk, demul- 
 cent drinks. For the pain give opium or mor- 
 phine; for lead colic, apply hot fomentations. If 
 it be chronic lead poisoning, recognized by a blue 
 line (sulphide) along the margin of the gums, para- 
 lyzed extensors, constipation, etc., give iodides 
 to saturation (sodium and calcium iodides being 
 best); sulphurated potassa baths. 
 
 Lobelia. — If the patient has failed to vomit, 
 use emetics; follow with tannin, stimulants, strych- 
 nine, opiates. 
 
 Lunar Caustic. — See Silver Compounds. 
 
 Matches. — See Phosphorus. 
 
 Mercury Compounds (also Copper Compounds). 
 — Empty the stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, 
 apomorphine, ipecac, pump); follow with albumin 
 (white of one egg to every 4 grains of corrosive 
 sublimate. Too much must not be given lest the 
 precipitate formed by the mercuric salt and albumin 
 be redissolved. Now give an emetic — warm water 
 with sodium bicarbonate, zinc sulphate or mustard, 
 and wash out the stomach with demulcent drinks 
 (flaxseed or elm). If egg white is not convenient, 
 one may use for mercury salts, gluten, wheat flour 
 
150 
 
 in paste form, milk, or chop and diffuse in water 
 fresh meat and administer the broth. Morphine 
 for pain. For copper compounds also use stimul- 
 ants; relieve the pain with opium or give reduced 
 iron or weak solution of potassium f errocyanide ; 
 then potassium iodide until the system is saturated 
 to promote elimination. 
 
 Morphine Salts. — See Opium. 
 
 Muscarine. — See Mushrooms. 
 
 Mushrooms (and Poisonous Fungi; also Mus- 
 carine). — Empty the stomach (mustard, zinc 
 sulphate, apomorphine, pump) ; inject at once 
 solution of atropine, or after emesis give tincture 
 of belladonna every half hour; castor oil and 
 enema to remove fungi from lower bowel; stimul- 
 ants; the body should also be kept warm. 
 
 Nicotine. — See Tobacco. 
 
 Nitrates. — See Chlorates. 
 
 Nitrobenzene. — (Oil Mirbane). — Empty the 
 stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, pump), wash- 
 ing it out with plenty of warm water if possible. 
 Give stimulants by the mouth, the rectum or 
 hypodermically ; artificial respiration which must 
 be maintained by weak, interrupted currents to 
 the chest wall. Rouse the patient by the douche; 
 hypodermic atropine may be useful. 
 
 Nitroglycerin. — Like Amyl Nitrite. 
 
 Nitrous Oxide Gas. — See Chloroform. . 
 
 Nux Vomica. — See Strychnine. 
 
 Oil Bitter Almond.— See Acid Hydrocyanic. 
 
 Oil Mirbane. — See Nitrobenzene. 
 
 Opium (also Laudanum, Morphine, Codeine 
 Lactucarium, Cannabis Indica) — When the poison 
 
151 
 
 has been taken by the mouth give at once a solution 
 of potassium permanganate, then > empty the 
 stomach, which may be difficult, by pump, apomor- 
 phine, mustard or zinc sulphate. Wash the 
 stomach out well with hot coffee, leaving there 
 a pint or more; keep the body warm with hot 
 wraps, but use alternate hot and cold douches 
 to the head. Use hypodermic solution of atropine 
 every 15 minutes for three doses; tannin and 
 strychnine are also valuable. Apply electricity 
 to chest muscles and artificial respiration. Keep 
 the patient awake by shaking, nicking with a 
 towel, apply irg cold water over the face and chest, 
 keep patient moving; give inhalation of amyl 
 nitrite. Evacuate the bladder often to prevent 
 reabsorption. 
 
 Phenacetin. — Like Acetanilid. 
 
 Phosphorus (as well as Rat Poison and Matches), 
 — Empty the stomach (copper sulphate, until 
 the patient has vomited sufficiently; zinc sulphate, 
 mustard, pump — the copper forming insoluble 
 black phosphide). Follow this with old (oxy- 
 genated, acid, French) oil of turpentine in mucilage 
 or floating on water; may also inhale diluted 
 turpentine vapor; give charcoal or lime water to 
 prevent action on tissues; also magnesium sulphate 
 as a cathartic. Potassium permanganate, opium, 
 and egg white may be of service, but never use fats 
 or fatty oils, as these dissolve phosphorus, thus 
 aiding in its absorption. It is mostly eliminated by 
 the urine, hence the bladder should be frequently 
 evacuated. 
 
 Physostigma (and Physostigmine) . — Evacuate 
 the stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, ipecac, 
 
152 
 
 apomorphine, pump) ; hypodermic of atropine 
 until pupils dilate. Should this fail, give chloral, 
 or hypodermic of strychnine. Diffusible stimulants, 
 coffee, alcohol, etc., are used and artificial respiration 
 should be induced if necessary; empty the bladder 
 often. 
 
 Phytolacca. — It acts per se as an emeto- 
 cathartic, hence after the vomiting give stimulants, 
 alcohol, ether, opium, digitalis. 
 
 Picrotoxin. — See Strychnine. 
 
 Pilocarpus (and Pilocarpine). — Evacuate the 
 stomach, follow with hypodermic of atropine, or 
 tincture of belladonna, until pupils are dilated; 
 may give tannin. 
 
 Potassa.— See Alkalies. 
 
 Potassium Bichromate and Chromate. — See 
 Chromic Acid. 
 
 Potassium Cyanide. — See Acid Hydrocyanic. 
 
 Potassium Nitrate. — See Chlorates. 
 
 Prussic Acid. — See Acid Hydrocyanic. 
 
 Pulsatilla. — Give tannic acid and follow with 
 an emetic; alcohol, opium, or digitalis may also 
 be indicated. 
 
 Rat Paste. — See Phosphorus; also Arsenic. 
 
 Rhus Toxicodendron. — Rub in a saturated 
 solution of lead acetate in diluted alcohol, and 
 repeat for several days; 5% solution or 10% 
 oleate of cocaine is also effective; a solution of 
 2 drams of lead acetate and 4 drams of ammonium 
 chloride in 8 fl. oz. of water has also been recom- 
 mended. Internally, opium or coffee may be used 
 to relieve the nervous irritability. 
 
 Sabadilla. — See Veratrum Viride. 
 
153 
 
 Savine (oil and tops; also Tansy).— If not 
 vomited and the throat not inflamed, evacuate 
 the stomach with mustard, zinc sulphate, ipecac, 
 pump. If the bowels have not moved freely, 
 give either castor oil or epsom salt; allay pain 
 with morphine and demulcents. 
 
 Scillain (Scillitin).— See Digitalis. 
 
 Scoparius.— See Digitalis. 
 
 Silver Compounds. — Give common salt dis- 
 solved in warm water, to form insoluble silver 
 chloride; or use egg white or milk; (follow with 
 en emetic (mustard), and large draughts of warm 
 water; give demulcent drinks (arrowroot, elm, 
 flaxseed, gruel). 
 
 Snake Bites.— Suck the wound and apply to 
 it an alkaline solution of potassium permanganate 
 (may inject this under the skin). In severe cobra 
 poisoning, with death threatening, bleed at one 
 limb and transfuse blood by the other ; give artificial 
 respiration and weak interrupted galvanic shocks 
 to the walls of the chest; inhale and give ammonia 
 by the mouth. 
 
 Soda. — See alkalies. 
 Solanin. — See Belladonna. 
 
 Staphisagria (Stavesacre).— Evacuate the stom- 
 ach (emetics, pump, draughts of warm water; 
 give tannin, charcoal, diffusible stimulants. Keep 
 the patient quiet and the extremities warm. Give 
 chloral hydrate, or potassium bromide; or better 
 inhale chloroform for the spasms. Use all haste 
 as death is usually caused by asphyxia. 
 
 Stings (Bees, Hornets, Wasps).— Apply am- 
 monia water or some alkaline solution to the 
 
154 
 
 part stung; extract the sting; use stimulants, 
 if necessary. One may apply an onion to the 
 part, but this is not as good as ammonia. 
 
 Stramonium. — See Belladonna. 
 
 Strophanthus (or strophanthin) . — See Digitalis. 
 
 Strychnine Salts (or Brucine, Ignatia, Nux 
 Vomica, . Picrotoxin, Cocculus Indicus). — Remove 
 the patient from all noise, quickly empty the 
 stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, apomorphine 
 hypodermically) ; give tannin, charcoal, iodide 
 of starch. Place the patient under chloroform, 
 ether, or chloral and potassium bromide, thus 
 keeping up gentle narcosis several hours if neces- 
 sary; inhale amyl nitrite. If spasms threaten 
 respiration, induce it artifically ; empty the bladder 
 often. 
 
 Sulfonal and Trional. — Give diuretics and 
 saline cathartics; sodium bicarbonate and water 
 freely. 
 
 Sulphuretted Hydrogen. — Resort to artificial 
 respiration and inhalation of chlorine diluted 
 with air; or give chlorine water or chlorinated 
 lime. 
 
 Tansy. — See Savine. 
 
 Tartar Emetic. — See Antimony Compounds. 
 
 Tin Compounds. — Evacuate the stomach (mus- 
 tard, zinc sulphate, ipecac, etc.). Give milk of 
 calcined magnesia; demulcent drinks (elm, flax- 
 seed, etc.); laudanum if there is much pain. 
 
 Tobacco (or Nicotine). — Concentrated enemas 
 and large quantities of powder kill in a very few 
 hours. If the patient has not already vomited 
 the drug, empty the stomach by mustard, zinc 
 
155 
 
 sulphate or pump; give plenty of water; let 
 the patient lie down; inject a solution of strychnine 
 nitrate or give tincture of nux vomica by the mouth ; 
 stimulants, brandy, whiskey, chloric ether, etc.; 
 keep the body warm but apply cold douche to the 
 head; tannin and astringent solutions may be given. 
 
 Turpentine. — Empty the stomach (mustard, 
 zinc sulphate, ipecac, apomorphine, pump, tube). 
 If there is no purging give enema, plenty of water 
 and demulcent drinks to eliminate it by the kidneys. 
 Apply hot fomentations to the loins. Allay the 
 pain with opium. 
 
 Tyrotoxicon (in milk, cheese, ice cream, etc.). 
 — Give emetics and rinse out stomach; follow 
 with purgative enema. 
 
 Veratrum Viride (also Veratrine, Sabadilla, 
 Veratrum Album). — Evacuate the stomach (unless 
 the veratroidine constituent has ejected itself 
 by causing vomiting), by mustard, zinc sulphate, 
 ipecac or pump. Give recumbent position, head 
 lowest; dry warmth to the body, wraps, blankets, 
 etc.; give hot coffee by the mouth or rectum; 
 tannin, diffusible stimulants, alcohol, brandy, 
 whiskey, ammonia, morphine, electricity, artificial 
 respiration; atropine antagonizes the cardiac 
 depression. 
 
 White Precipitate. — See Mercury Compounds. 
 
 Zinc Compounds. — Should the patient not 
 vomit, use plenty of warm water containing car- 
 bonate or bicarbonate of sodium, or mustard; 
 follow this with white of egg and milk; solution 
 of tannin or strong tea to form insoluble tannate; 
 allay the abdominal pain by hot fomentations, 
 morphine or tincture of opium. 
 
156 
 
 CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINES 
 
 ACCORDING TO 
 
 THEIR PHYSIOLOGIC ACTIONS 
 
 Alteratives. 
 
 Acid, Arsenous. 
 Acid, Hydriodic. 
 Ammonium Benzoate. 
 Antimony Salts. 
 Arsenic and Mercury 
 
 Iodide Solution. 
 Arsenites and Arsenates. 
 Calcium Chloride. 
 Colchicum. 
 Copper Salts. 
 Creosote and its 
 
 compounds. 
 Gold Salts. 
 Guaiacol and its 
 
 compounds. 
 Ichthyol. 
 Iodides. 
 Iodipin. 
 Iodoform. 
 
 Manganese Dioxide. 
 Mercurials. 
 
 Potassium Bichromate. 
 Potassium Chlorate. 
 Pulsatilla. 
 Sanguinaria. 
 
 Silver Salts. 
 Stillingia. 
 Sulphur. 
 
 Suprarenal Capsule. 
 Xanthoxylum. 
 Zinc Salts. 
 
 Analgesics. See 
 
 Anodynes, General. 
 
 Anaphrodisiacs. 
 
 Belladonna. 
 
 Bromides. 
 
 Bromipin. 
 
 Camphor. 
 
 Cocaine. 
 
 Conium. 
 
 Digitalis. 
 
 Gelsemium. 
 
 Hyoscyamus. 
 
 Opium. 
 
 Stramonium. 
 
 Anesthetics, General. 
 
 Chloroform. 
 
 Ether. 
 
 Ethyl Bromide. 
 
 (Nitrous Oxide). 
 
157 
 
 Anesthetics Local. 
 
 Chloretone. 
 
 Cocaine Hydrochloride. 
 
 Ether Spray. 
 
 Ethyl Chloride. 
 
 Eucaine. 
 
 Holocaine. 
 
 Menthol. 
 
 Tropacocaine. 
 
 Anodynes, General. 
 
 Acetanilid. 
 
 Acid, Salicylic. 
 
 Aconitine. 
 
 Antipyrine. 
 
 Aspirin. 
 
 Atropine. 
 
 Bromides. 
 
 Butyl-chloral Hydrate. 
 
 Caffeine. 
 
 Camphor Monobrom. 
 
 Chloroform. 
 
 Codeine. 
 
 Gelseminine. 
 
 Methylene Blue. 
 
 Morphine Salts. 
 
 Oil Gaultheria. 
 
 Phenacetin. 
 
 Anodynes, Local. 
 
 Acid, Carbolic. 
 Aconite, Tincture. 
 
 Aconitine. 
 Ammonia water. 
 Atropine. 
 Belladonna. 
 Chloroform. 
 Chloral Hydrate. 
 Guaiacol. 
 Ichthyol. 
 
 Antacids. 
 
 or Alkalines. 
 Calcium Carbonate. 
 Lime Water. 
 Lithium Carbonate. 
 Magnesia. 
 
 Magnesium Carbonate. 
 Potassium Bicarbonate. 
 Potassium Carbonate. 
 Potassium Hydrate. 
 Sodium Bicarbonate. 
 Sodium Carbonate. 
 Sodium Hydrate. 
 
 Anthelmintics. 
 Aloes. (Enema.) 
 Aspidium. 
 Chenopodium. 
 Koussein. 
 Naphtalin. 
 Oil Turpentine. 
 Extract Male Fern. 
 Pelletierine Tannate. 
 Pumpkin Seed. 
 Quassia Infusion. 
 
158 
 
 Santonin with Calomel. 
 Sodium Chloride. 
 Sodium Santoninate. 
 Spigelia. 
 Thymol. 
 
 Atropine. 
 Lead Acetate. 
 Picrotoxin. 
 Quinine. 
 Salicin. 
 
 Anti-emetics. 
 Acid, Hydrocyanic. 
 Bismuth Subcarbonate. 
 Bismuth Subnitrate. 
 Bromides. 
 Cerium Oxalate. 
 Chloroform. 
 Codeine. 
 Ether. 
 Menthol. 
 Morphine. 
 Orexine Tannate. 
 
 Antigalactagogues. 
 
 Agaricin. 
 
 Belladonna. 
 
 Camphor; topically. 
 
 Conium. 
 
 Ergot. 
 
 Iodides. 
 
 Saline Purgatives. 
 
 Antihydrotics. 
 Acid, Camphoric. 
 Acid, Gallic. 
 Acid, Tannic. 
 Agaricin. 
 
 Antilithics. 
 
 Acid, Benzoic. 
 Alkalies. 
 Benzoates. 
 Lithium Salts. 
 Magnesium Citrate. 
 Magnesium Oxide. 
 Piperazine. 
 
 Potassium Bicarbonate. 
 Potassium Carbonate. 
 Potassium Citrate. 
 Sodium Bicarbonate. 
 Sodium Phosphate. 
 Sodium Salicylate. 
 
 Antiparasitics. 
 
 See Parasiticides. 
 Antiperiodics. 
 Acid, Arsenous. 
 Acid, Picric. 
 Arsenites. 
 
 Berberine Carbonate. 
 Cinchona and 
 
 alkaloids. 
 Methylene Blue. 
 Quinine. 
 Salicin. 
 
159 
 
 Antiphlogistics. See 
 also Antipyretics. 
 
 Aconite, Tincture. 
 
 Antimony-Potassium 
 Tartrate. 
 
 Gelsemium. 
 
 Ichthyol; internally. 
 
 Lead Salts. 
 
 Opium. 
 
 Antipyretics. 
 
 Acetanilid. 
 Acid, Benzoic. 
 Acid, Carbolic. 
 Acid, Salicylic. 
 Aconite, Tincture. 
 Ammonium Acetate : 
 
 Solution. 
 Ammonium Benzoate. 
 Aspirin. 
 Phenacetin. 
 Quinine and Salts. 
 Resorcin. 
 Veratrum Viride. 
 
 Tincture. 
 
 Antiseptics. See also 
 
 Disinfectant^ . 
 Acetanilid. 
 Acid, Benzoic; and 
 
 Benzoates. 
 Acid, Boric; and Borates. 
 Acid, Carbolic. 
 Acid, Picric. 
 
 Aristol. 
 
 Bismuth, Benzoate. 
 Bismuth, Oxyiodide. 
 Bismuth, Subgallate. 
 Borolyptol. 
 Chlorine Water. 
 Creolin. 
 
 Creosote and its com- 
 pounds. 
 Eucalyptol. 
 Formaldehyde. 
 Glycozone. 
 Hydrogen Peroxide. 
 Hydr ozone. 
 Ichthyol. 
 Iodoform. 
 Iodole. 
 Listerine. 
 
 Magnesium Salicylate. 
 Magnesium Sulphite. 
 Mercury Bichloride. 
 Mercury Chloride. 
 Mercury Cyanide. 
 Mercury Oxy cyanide. 
 Naphtalin. 
 Naphtol. 
 Oil Cade. 
 Oil Eucalyptus. 
 Oil Gaultheria. 
 Oil Pinus Sylvestris. 
 Oil Turpentine. 
 Potassium Chlorate. 
 
 Permanganate. 
 Pyoktanin. 
 
160 
 
 Quinine. 
 
 Resorcin. 
 
 Salol. 
 
 vSilver Citrate. 
 
 vSilver Nitrate. 
 
 Sodium Biborate. 
 
 Sodium Bisulphite. 
 
 Sodium Salicylate. 
 
 S< xlium Sulphocarbolate. 
 
 Sodium Thiosulphate. 
 
 Tannoform. 
 
 Tcrebene. 
 
 Thymol. 
 
 Xeroform. 
 
 Zinc Carbolatc. 
 
 Zinc Permanganate. 
 
 Zinc Sulphocarbolate. 
 
 Antisialagogues. 
 Atropine. 
 
 Belladonna. 
 
 Cocaine Hydrochloride. 
 
 Myrrh. 
 
 ( )i>ium. 
 
 Potassium Chlorate. 
 
 Sodium Borate. 
 
 Antispasmodics. 
 Acid, Camphoric. 
 Ammonium Valerianate. 
 Amy] Nitrite. 
 Atropine. 
 Bromides. 
 Bromoform. 
 
 Camphor. 
 
 Camphor Monobrom. 
 Chloral Hydrate. 
 Chloroform. 
 Coniine Hydrobromide. 
 Eserine. 
 Ether. 
 
 Ethyl Bromide. 
 Ethyl Iodide. 
 Hyoscine Hydrobro- 
 mide. 
 Hyoseyamus. 
 Lactucarium. 
 Lobelia. 
 Lupulin. 
 Morphine. 
 Musk. 
 Nitrites. 
 Nitroglycerine. 
 ( )])ium. 
 Paraldehyde. 
 Pulsatilla: tincture. 
 Stramonium. 
 Zinc Valerianate. 
 
 A NTITUBERCULARS. 
 
 Acid, Cinnamic. 
 Acid, Sulphurous. 
 
 Arsenical Compounds. 
 Cantharidin. 
 Cod-Liver Oil. 
 Creosote and its 
 
 compounds. 
 Guaiacol and Salts. 
 
1(11 
 
 Glycerinophosphates. 
 Ichthyol. 
 
 Iodoform, topically. 
 Menthol. 
 Methylene Blue. 
 Sodium Cacodylate. 
 Sodium Cinnamate. 
 Sodium Formate: Sub- 
 cutaneously. 
 
 Antizymotics, See An- 
 
 tispetics and Disin- 
 fectants. 
 
 Aperients. See Cath- 
 artics. 
 
 Aphrodisiacs. 
 
 Cantharidcs. 
 
 Damiana. 
 
 Glycerinophosphates. 
 
 Gold. 
 
 Nux Vomica. 
 
 Phosphorus. 
 
 Strychnine. 
 
 Astringents. 
 
 Acid, Chromic. 
 Acid, Gallic. 
 Acid, Lactic. 
 Acid, Tannic. 
 Alum. 
 Aluminum Acetate. 
 
 Solution. 
 Aluminum Chloride. 
 
 Aluminum Sulphate. 
 
 Bismuth Salts. 
 
 Copper Acetate. 
 
 Copper Sulphate. 
 
 Hydrastine Hydro- 
 chloride. 
 
 Hydrastis. 
 
 Ichthyol. 
 
 Iron Sulphate, and 
 
 other iron salts. 
 Lead Acetate, and other 
 lead salts. 
 
 Potassium Bichromate. 
 
 Silver Citrate. 
 
 Silver Nitrate. 
 
 Zinc Acetate. 
 
 Zinc Sulphate. 
 
 Astringents, Intes- 
 tinal. 
 
 Acid Lactic. 
 Acid Tannic. 
 Bismuth Salts. 
 Catechu. 
 Geranium. 
 Kino. 
 Kramcria. 
 Lead Acetate. 
 Silver Nitrate. 
 Tannalbin. 
 
 Cardiac Sedatives. 
 Acid, Hydrocyanic. 
 Aconite. 
 
162 
 
 Antimony Preparations. 
 
 Chloroform. 
 
 Digitalis. 
 
 Gelsemium. 
 
 Pilocarpine. 
 
 Veratrine. 
 
 Veratrum Viride. 
 
 Cardiac Stimulants. 
 Ammonia. 
 
 Ammonium Carbonate. 
 Atropine. 
 Caffeine. 
 Digitalis. 
 Ether. 
 
 Nitroglycerin. 
 (Oxygen.) 
 
 Sparteine Sulphate. 
 Strophanthus. 
 Strychnine (Tonic). 
 
 Carminatives. 
 
 Anise. 
 
 Calumba. 
 
 Capsicum. 
 
 Cardamom. 
 
 Caraway. 
 
 Cascarilla. 
 
 Chamomile. 
 
 Cinchona. 
 
 Cinnamon. 
 
 Cloves. 
 
 Gentian. 
 
 Ginger. 
 
 Nutmeg. 
 
 Nux Vomica. 
 
 Oil Cajuput. 
 
 Oil Mustard. 
 
 Orange Peel. 
 
 Orexine Tannate. 
 
 Pepper. 
 
 Pimenta. 
 
 Quassia. 
 
 Sassafras. 
 
 Serpentaria. 
 
 Cathartics. 
 
 Laxatives: 
 Cascara Sagrada. 
 Figs. 
 Glycerin. 
 Magnesium Carbonate. 
 
 Magnesium Oxide. 
 Manna. 
 
 Oil Almond, Expressed. 
 Olive Oil. 
 
 Rahmnus Cathart. 
 Rhamnus Frang. 
 Sulphur. 
 
 Saline Purgatives: 
 Magnesium Citrate. 
 Magnesium Sulphate. 
 Potassium Bitartrate. 
 Potassium Tartrate. 
 Potassium and Sodiur 
 
 Tartrate. 
 Sodium Phosphate. 
 
163 
 
 Sodium Sulphate. 
 Sodium Tartrate. 
 
 Simple Puragtives: 
 Aloes. 
 Calomel. 
 Castor Oil. 
 Rhubarb. 
 Senna. 
 
 Drastic Cathartics: 
 Colocynth. 
 Elaterium. 
 Euonynim. 
 Gamboge. 
 Jalap. 
 
 Oil, Croton. 
 Podophyllin. 
 Scammony. 
 
 Hydra gogues: 
 Drastic Cathartics in 
 
 large doses. 
 Saline Purgatives. 
 
 Cholagogues: 
 Aloin. 
 Euonynim. 
 Leptandrin. 
 Mercurials. . 
 Ox-Gall. 
 Podophyllum. 
 
 Caustics. See 
 Eschar otics. 
 
 Cerebral Depres- 
 sants. See also 
 Narcotics. 
 Anesthetics, general. 
 Antispasmodics: several. 
 Hypnotics. 
 Narcotics. 
 
 Cerebral Stimulants. 
 Alcohol. 
 Amyl Nitrite. 
 Atropine. 
 Belladonna. 
 Caffeine. 
 Cannabis. 
 Coca. 
 Cocaine. 
 Coffee. 
 Ether. 
 
 Nitrogylcerin. 
 Strychnine. 
 
 Cholagogues. See 
 
 Cathartics: also Hepatic 
 Stimulants. 
 
 Constructive. See 
 
 Tonics. 
 Counter-irritants. 
 
 See Irritants. 
 
 Demulcents. 
 Acacia. 
 Albumin. 
 Althea. 
 
164 
 
 Cetraria. 
 
 Chondrus. 
 
 Elm. 
 
 Flaxseed. 
 
 Gelatin. 
 
 Glycerin. 
 
 Oil Almond, Expressed. 
 
 Oil Olive. 
 
 Starch. 
 
 Deoxidizers. (Reduc- 
 ing Agents.) 
 Acid, Pyrogallic. 
 Ichthyol. 
 Resorcin. 
 
 Depilatories. 
 
 Barium Sulphide. 
 Calcium Oxide. 
 (Calcium Sulphydrate) . 
 Cautery. 
 
 Sodium Ethylate. 
 Sodium Sulphide. 
 
 Diaphoretics and 
 Sudorifics. 
 Acid, Salicylic and 
 Salicylates. 
 Aconite. 
 
 Ammonium Acetate. 
 Camphor. 
 Dover's Fowder. 
 Ether. 
 Guaiac. 
 
 Opium. 
 
 Pilocarpine Hydro- 
 chloride. 
 
 Potassium Citrate. 
 
 Potassium Nitrite. 
 
 Sodium Nitrite. 
 
 Spirit Nitrous Ether. 
 
 Veratrum Viride. 
 Digestives. 
 
 Acid, Hydrochloric. 
 
 Acid, Lactic. 
 
 Ingluvin. 
 
 Lactopeptine. 
 
 Malt. 
 
 Or ex in Tannate. 
 
 Pancreatin. 
 
 Papain. 
 
 Pepsin. 
 
 Disinfectants. See 
 also Deoderants. 
 
 Acid, Boric. 
 
 Acid, Carbolic. 
 
 Acid, Sulphurous. 
 
 Aluminum Chloride. 
 
 Ammonium P e r s u 1 
 phate. 
 
 Borates. 
 
 Calcium Permanganate. 
 
 Chlorine Water. 
 
 Creolin. 
 
 Eucalyptol. 
 
 Formaldehyde. 
 
 Glycozone. 
 
165 
 
 Hydrogen Peroxide. 
 
 Hydrozone. 
 
 Iron Sulphate. 
 
 Lime, Chlorinated. 
 
 Mercury, Bichloride. 
 
 Naphtol. 
 
 Oil Eucalyptus. 
 
 Potassium Permanga- 
 nate. 
 
 Solution Chlorinated 
 Soda. 
 
 Thymol. 
 
 Zinc Chloride. 
 
 Diuretics. 
 Adonis Vernalis. 
 Ammonium Acetate. 
 Apocynum. 
 Atropine. 
 Belladonna. 
 Cactus Grandiflorus. 
 Caffeine. 
 Convallamar in . 
 Copaiba. 
 Cubebs. 
 
 Digitalis preparations. 
 Diuretin. 
 Juniper. 
 Kava Kava. 
 Lithium Salts. 
 Matico. 
 Nitrites. 
 Oil Juniper. 
 Oil Santal. 
 Pilocarpine Hydrochlor. 
 
 Piperazine. 
 Potassium Acetate. 
 Potassium Bitartrate. 
 Potassium Citrate. 
 Potassium Nitrate. 
 Sodium Acetate. 
 Sodium Nitrate. 
 Sparteine Sulphate. 
 Spirit Nitrous Ether. 
 Squill. 
 
 Strophanthus. 
 Theobromine. 
 
 Ecbolics. See 
 Oxytocics. 
 Emetics. 
 
 Antimony and Potassi- 
 um Tartrate. 
 
 Apomorphine Hydro- 
 chloride. 
 
 Copper Sulphate. 
 
 Emetine. 
 
 Ipecac. 
 
 Mercury Subsulphate. 
 
 Mustard with tepid* wa- 
 ter. 
 
 Zinc Sulphate. 
 
 Emmenagogues. 
 
 Aloes. 
 
 Cantharides. 
 Ergot. 
 Guaiac. 
 
 Iron Chloride and other 
 salts of iron. 
 
166 
 
 Manganese. Dioxide 
 
 Myrrh. 
 
 Pennyroyal. 
 
 Potassium Permangan. 
 
 Rue. 
 
 Savine. 
 
 Tansy. 
 
 Errhines, (Sternuta 
 
 tories) . 
 Cubebs. 
 Sanguinarine. 
 Veratrine. 
 White Hellebore. 
 
 ESCHAROTICS. 
 
 Caustics. 
 Acid, Acetic Glacial. 
 Acid, Arsenous. 
 Acid, Carbolic. 
 Acid, Carbolic, Iodized. 
 Acid, Chromic. 
 Acid, Lactic. 
 Acid, Nitric. 
 Alum Burnt. 
 Copper Sulphate. 
 Iodine. 
 Potassa. 
 Silver Nitrate. 
 Soda. 
 
 Sodium Ethylate. 
 Zinc Chloride. 
 
 Expectorants. 
 Acid, Benzoic. 
 
 Ammoniac. 
 
 Ammonium Carbonate. 
 
 Ammonium Chloride. 
 
 Ammonium Salicylate. 
 
 Antimony and Potassi- 
 um Tartrate. 
 
 Antimony Salts in 
 general. 
 
 Apomorphine Hydro- 
 chloride. 
 
 Balsam Tolu. 
 
 Benzoates. 
 
 Emetine in small doses. 
 
 Glycyrrhizin, Ammoni- 
 ated. 
 
 Ipecac. 
 
 Lobelia. 
 
 Oil Turpentine. 
 
 Pilocarpine Hydrochlor. 
 
 Potassium Iodide. 
 
 Sanguinarine. 
 
 Saponin. 
 
 Senegin. 
 
 Squill. 
 
 Tar. 
 
 Terebene. 
 
 Galactagogues. 
 
 Acid, Lactic. 
 Alcohol. 
 
 Ammonium Chloride. 
 Castor Oil: topically. 
 Extract Malt. 
 Jaborandi. 
 
167 
 
 Pilocarpine Hydrochlor. Opium. 
 
 ^ ™ Quinine. 
 
 Gastric Tonics. 
 
 (Stomachics.) 
 
 Alkalies: before meals. 
 
 Aromatics. 
 
 Berberine Carbonate. 
 
 Bismuth Salts. 
 
 Bitters. 
 
 Carminatives. 
 
 Hydrastis. 
 
 Ichthalbin. 
 
 Nux Vomica. 
 
 Orexine Tannate. 
 
 Quassin. 
 
 Hematinics. 
 Arsenical Compounds. 
 Ext. Bone Marrow. 
 Hemo-gallol. 
 Hemoglobins. 
 Iron Compounds. 
 Manganese Compounds. 
 Sodium Cacodylate. 
 
 Hemostatics. See 
 Styptics and Hemo- 
 statics. 
 
 Hepatic Depressants 
 Lessening Bile. 
 Lead Acetate. 
 Purgatives: Many of 
 
 them. 
 Morphine. 
 
 Lessening Urea: 
 Colchicum. 
 Morphine. 
 Opium. 
 Quinine. 
 
 Lessening Glycogen: 
 Arsenic. 
 Antimony. 
 Codeine. 
 Dionin. 
 Morphine. 
 Opium. 
 Phosphorus. 
 
 Hepatic Stimulants. 
 Acid, Benzoic. 
 Acid, Nitric. 
 Acid, Nitrohydrochlor. 
 Aloes. 
 
 Ammonium Chloride. 
 Amyl Nitrite. 
 Antimony. 
 Arsenic. 
 Benzoates. 
 Calomel.. ' . 
 Colocynth. 
 Euonynim. 
 Podophyllin. 
 Resin Jalap. 
 Sanguinarine. 
 
168 
 
 Sodium Bicarbonate. 
 Sodium Phosphate. 
 Sodium Salicylate. 
 Sodium Sulphate. 
 
 Hypnotics {Soporifics). 
 Acetanilid. 
 
 Apomorphine Hydro- 
 chloride. 
 Bromides. 
 Cannabin Tannate. 
 Chloral Hydrate. 
 Chloralose. 
 Chloretone. 
 Codeine. 
 Dionin. 
 
 Duboisine Sulphate. 
 Hyoscine Hydrobrom. 
 Hyoscyamine. 
 Morphine. 
 Paraldehyde. 
 Sulfonal. 
 Trional. 
 Ur ethane. 
 
 Intestinal Astring- 
 ents. 
 See Astringents. 
 Irritants. 
 
 Rubefacients: 
 Ammonia. 
 Arnica. 
 Capsicum. 
 Iodine. 
 
 Menthol. 
 
 Mustard. 
 
 Oil Turpentine. 
 
 Oleoresin Capsicum. 
 
 Pustulants: 
 Antimony and Potas- 
 sium Tartrate. 
 Oil Croton. 
 Silver Nitrate. 
 
 Vesicants: 
 Acid, Acetic, Glacial. 
 Cantharides. 
 Chrysarobin. 
 Oil Mustard. 
 
 Laxatives. See 
 Cathartics: 
 Motor Depressants. 
 Acid Hydrocyanic. 
 Aconite. 
 Amyl Nitrite. 
 Apomorphine Hydro- 
 chloride. 
 Bromides. 
 Bromipin. 
 Bromoform.. 
 Chloral Hydrate. 
 Chloroform (large 
 
 doses). 
 Coniine Hydrobromide. 
 Gelsemium. 
 Gold Bromide. 
 Lobelia. 
 Muscarine. 
 
169 
 
 Nitrites. 
 
 Narcotics. See also 
 
 Nitroglycerin. 
 
 Hypnotics. 
 
 Physostigmine (Eser- 
 
 Chloroform. 
 
 ine). 
 
 Chloral Hydrate. 
 
 Quinine (large doses). 
 
 Conium. 
 
 Sparteine Sulphate. 
 
 Hyoscine. 
 
 Veratrum Viride. 
 
 Hyoscyamine. 
 
 
 Morphine. 
 
 Motor Excitants. 
 
 Opium. 
 
 Alcohol. 
 
 Stramonium. 
 
 Atropine. 
 
 
 Belladonna. 
 
 Oxytocics (Ecbolics). 
 
 Brucine. 
 
 Cotton Root Bark. 
 
 Camphor. 
 
 Ergot. 
 
 Chloroform. 
 
 Hydrastine. 
 
 Nux Vomica. 
 
 Hydrastinine . Hydro- 
 
 Picrotoxin. 
 
 chloride. 
 
 Pilocarpine Hydrochlor. 
 
 Pennyroyal. 
 
 Pyridine. 
 
 Quinine. 
 
 Strychnine. 
 
 Rue. 
 
 
 Savine. 
 
 Mydriatics. 
 
 
 
 Parasiticides. 
 
 Atropine. 
 
 
 Homatropine Hydro- 
 
 See Antiseptics and 
 
 bromide. 
 
 Disinfectants. 
 
 Hyoscine Hydrobrom. 
 
 Purgatives. See Ca- 
 
 Scopolamine Hydro- 
 
 thartics. 
 
 bromide. 
 
 
 
 Refrigerants. 
 
 Myotics. 
 
 Acid, Citric. 
 
 Arecoline, Hydrobrom. 
 
 Acid, Phosphoric, Dil. 
 
 Physostigmine. 
 
 Acid, Tartaric. 
 
 (Eserine.) 
 
 Ammonium Acetate. 
 
 Pilocarpine Hydrochlor. 
 
 Magnesium Citrate. 
 
170 
 
 Magnesium Sulphate. 
 Potassium Bitartrate. 
 Potassium Citrate. 
 Potassium Nitrate. 
 Potassium Tartrate. 
 Sodium Nitrate. 
 Sodium Tartrate. 
 Resolvents (Dis- 
 cutients) . 
 Arsenic. 
 Ichthyol. 
 Iodides. 
 Iodine. 
 Iodipin. 
 Iodole. 
 Mercurials. 
 Thiosinamine. 
 Respiratory Depres 
 
 SANTS. ■ 
 
 Acid, Hydrocyanic. 
 
 Aconite. 
 
 Chloral. 
 
 Chloroform. 
 
 Conium. 
 
 Gelsemium. 
 
 Muscarine. 
 
 Opium. _ 
 
 Physostigma. 
 
 Veratrum Viride. 
 
 Respiratory Stimu- ' 
 
 LANTS. 
 
 Aspiodiosperma. 
 (Quebracho) . 
 
 Aspidiospermine. 
 
 Atropine. 
 
 Caffeine. 
 
 Cocaine. 
 
 Strychnine. 
 
 Restoratives. See 
 Hematinics, Tonics. 
 
 Rubefacients. See 
 
 Irritants. 
 
 Sedatives (Nerve). 
 
 See also Depressants. 
 Acetanilid. 
 Acid, Hydrobromic. 
 Amyl Nitrite. 
 Antipyrin. 
 Bromides. 
 Bromipin. 
 Bromoform. 
 Butyl- Chloral Hydrate. 
 Camphor. 
 
 Camphor, Monobrom. 
 Cardamom. 
 Chloral Hydrate. 
 Chloroform. 
 Cocaine. 
 Codeine. 
 Coniun. 
 
 Ethyl Bromide. 
 Hyoscine Hydrobrom. 
 Hyoscyamine. 
 Hyoscyamus. 
 Lactucarium. 
 
171 
 
 Lavender. 
 Lobelia. 
 Morphine. 
 Paraldehyde. 
 Scopolamine Hydro- 
 bromide. 
 Stramonium ; tincture. 
 Sulfonal. 
 Urethane. 
 
 Valerian and Valerian- 
 ates. 
 
 SlALAGOGUES. 
 
 (Ptyalagogues). 
 Acids and Alkalies. 
 Antimony Compounds. 
 Capsicum. 
 Ginger. 
 
 Iodine Compounds. 
 Mercurials. 
 Muscarine. 
 Mustard. 
 
 Pilocarpine Hydrochlor. 
 Pyrethrrm. 
 
 Soporifics. See 
 Hypnotics. 
 
 Spinal Stimulants. 
 
 See also Motor Excit- 
 ants. 
 Alcohol. 
 Atropine. 
 
 Camphor : small doses. 
 Nux Vomica. 
 
 Picrotoxin. 
 Strychnine. 
 
 Sternutatories. See 
 Errhines. 
 
 Stomachics. 
 See Gastric Tonics. 
 
 Styptics and Hemo- 
 statics, 
 
 Acid, Gallic. 
 
 Acid, Tannic. 
 
 Adrenalin. 
 
 Alum. 
 
 Antipyrine. 
 
 Copper Sulphate. 
 
 Extract Suprarenal 
 Capsule. 
 
 Hamamelis. 
 
 Hydrastinine Hydro- 
 chloride. 
 
 Iron Chloride, Ferric. 
 
 Iron Subsulphate. 
 
 Iron Sulphate. 
 
 Lead Acetate. 
 
 Manganese Sulphate. 
 
 Oil Turpentine. 
 
 Silver Nitrate. 
 
 Stypticin. 
 
 Terpinol. 
 
 Sudorifics. See 
 Diaphoretics. 
 
 Teniafuges. See 
 
 A nthelmintics. 
 
172 
 
 Tonics, General. 
 
 Ichthyol. 
 
 See also Hematinics. 
 
 Iron Compounds. 
 
 
 Manganese Compounds, 
 
 Vegetable Tonics: 
 
 Phosphorus. 
 
 Bitters. 
 
 
 Berberine Carbonate. 
 
 Vasco-Constrictors. 
 
 Cinchona Alkaloids and 
 
 Adrenalin. 
 
 Salts. 
 
 Ergot. 
 
 Cod-Liver Oil. 
 
 Extract Suprarenal 
 
 Eucalyptus. 
 
 Capsule. 
 
 Hydrastis. 
 
 Hydrastinine Hydro- 
 
 Quassin. 
 
 chloride. 
 
 Salicin. 
 
 Stypticin. 
 
 Mineral Tonics: 
 
 Vaso-Dilators. 
 
 Acids, Mineral. 
 
 Amyl Nitrite. 
 
 Acids, Arsenous and its 
 
 Ether. 
 
 salts. 
 
 Nitroglycerin. 
 
 Acid, Hypophosphorous. 
 
 Potassium Nitrite. 
 
 Acid, Lactic. 
 
 Sodium Nitrite. 
 
 Bismuth Salts. 
 
 Spirit Nitrous Ether. 
 
 Calcium GlycerinOphos. 
 
 
 Copper Salts; small 
 
 Vermicides. See 
 
 doses. 
 
 A nthelmintics. 
 
 Gold Salts. 
 
 
 Gly cerinophosphat es . 
 
 Vesicants. See Irri- 
 
 Hypophosphites. 
 
 tants. 
 
PHYSIOLOGICAL POINTS FOR PRACTI- 
 TIONERS. 
 
 Frequency of Heart Beat. 
 
 Per Minute. 
 
 Horse 
 
 30—45 
 
 Ox 
 
 40—50 
 
 Ass 
 
 45—52 
 
 Pig, Sheep, Goat 
 
 70 — 80 
 
 Dog 
 
 70 — 120 
 
 Cat 
 
 120 — 140 
 
 Man 
 
 60—80 
 
 Horse, after trotting 
 
 60—80 
 
 Horse, after galloping 
 
 80 — 100 
 
 Calf, 2 weeks about 
 
 70 
 
 Calf, 6 weeks, about 
 
 65 
 
 Calf, 6 mos.-i2 mas., about 55 — 65 
 
 Elephant 
 
 25—28 
 
 Camel 
 
 30 
 
 Lion 
 
 40—50 
 
 Rabbit 
 
 140 — 160 
 
 Birds 
 
 120 — 140 
 
 Frog 
 
 60 
 
 Fish 
 
 20—25 
 
 (Ellenberger ; 
 
 and Scheunert 
 
 Respiratory Frequence. 
 
 Per Minute 
 
 Horse 
 
 8—16 
 
 Cattle 
 
 10—30 
 
 Sheep and Goat 
 
 12 — 20 
 
 Swine 
 
 8—18 
 
 Dog 
 
 15—20 
 
 Cat 
 
 24 
 
 Man 
 
 15—20 
 
 Tiger 
 
 6 
 
 Lion ■ 
 
 10 
 
 (173) 
 
174 
 
 Monkey 
 
 19 
 
 Rabbit 
 
 55 
 
 Guinea pig and rat 
 
 100—150 
 
 Hen 
 
 40—50 
 
 Pigeon 
 
 50—70 
 
 Body Temperature. 
 (Average Rectal Temperature). 
 Elephant 97- °6 
 
 Camel 
 Horse 
 Ass 
 Cow 
 Sheep 
 Goat 
 Pig 
 Dog 
 Cat 
 Rabbit 
 Guinea-pig 
 Fowl 
 Duck 
 
 99 
 
 °5 
 
 
 100 
 
 ° 2 
 
 
 98 
 
 °5 
 
 
 IOI 
 
 °5 
 
 
 104 
 
 
 
 -105. 
 
 103 
 
 
 
 
 IOI 
 
 °7- 
 
 -I03.°3 
 
 IOI 
 
 
 
 -102. ° 
 
 IOI 
 
 °7 
 
 
 IOI 
 
 °7- 
 
 -I02.°5 
 
 IOI 
 
 °7- 
 
 -102. °6 
 
 106 
 
 V 
 
 -109.° 
 
 107 
 
 °8- 
 
 -no.°5 
 
 Table of Puberty. 
 
 Mare 
 Cow 
 Sheep 
 Goat 
 
 Pig 
 
 Bitch 
 Cat 
 
 12 — 24 months 
 
 12 — 18 months 
 
 8 — 1 2 months 
 
 8 — 12 months 
 
 4 — 5 months 
 
 7 — 10 months 
 
 8 — 12 months 
 
175 
 
 Duration of Pregnancy. 
 
 330—340 days 
 
 Mare 
 
 Ass 
 
 Cow 
 
 Sheep and Goat 
 
 Sow 
 
 Bitch 
 
 Cat 
 
 Camel 
 
 Zebra 
 
 Elephant 
 
 Table of Oestrum. 
 
 Mare — Duration of Oestrum 
 Cow — Duration of Oestrum 
 Ewe — Duration of Oestrum 
 Sow — Duration of Oestrum 
 Bitch — Duration of Oestrum 
 Cat — Duration of Oestrum 
 
 348—377 days 
 270 — 285 days 
 145—155 days 
 115 — 120 days 
 58— 65 days 
 54 — 62 days 
 45 weeks 
 13 months 
 24 months 
 (nearly) 
 
 5—7 days 
 2 — 4 days 
 1 — 2 days 
 2 — 4 days 
 1 — 3 weeks 
 1 — 3 weeks 
 
 Quantity of Feces Daily (Approximate) 
 
 Horse 
 Cow 
 Sheep 
 Pig 
 
 34.8 lbs. 
 56. lbs. 
 2.8 lbs. 
 about 1. lb. 
 
 Quantity of Urine Daily (Approximate) 
 Horse 10 — 12 pints, 12—14 lbs. 
 
 Cow 50 — 62 pints, 50 — 60 lbs. 
 
 Sheep 1 — 2 pints, 1 — 2 lbs. 
 
 Pig 2 — 3 pints, 2 — 3 lbs. 
 
 Dog V A — 2 pints, 1 — 2 lbs. 
 
176 
 
 Drugs Excreted by 
 
 Acid, Eoric 
 Acid, Carbolic 
 Acid, Salicylic 
 Aloes 
 Antipyrin 
 Arsenic and its salts 
 Atropine 
 
 Bromine and its Com- 
 pounds 
 Chloroform 
 Copper and its salt 
 
 the Mammary Gland 
 
 Croton 
 Ether 
 
 Iodine and its com- 
 pounds 
 
 Lead and its salts 
 
 Mercury and its salts 
 
 Pot. et Antim. Tart. 
 
 Rhubarb 
 
 Sodii Sulph. (SO3 
 milk increased) 
 
 Turpentine 
 
 of 
 
 Tables of Gestation 
 
 The first column represents the date of service. 
 In the following columns, on the same horizontal 
 line, under the name of each animal, represent the 
 date of expected birth according to the date of 
 
JAN. MARE COW SOW EWE 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 April 
 
 Mav 
 
 1 
 
 2. . . 
 
 8. . . . 
 
 22 . . . 
 
 27 
 
 2... . 
 
 3. . . 
 
 9. . . . 
 
 23... 
 
 28 
 
 3... . 
 
 4. . . 
 
 10 
 
 24 . . . 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 5... 
 
 6. .. 
 
 11. . . . 
 
 12 
 
 . . . 25 . . . 
 
 30 
 
 5. . . . 
 
 26 . . . 
 
 31 
 
 6 
 
 7 ... 
 
 13.... 
 
 27... 
 
 . . .June 1 
 
 1 . ... 
 
 8. .. 
 
 14.... 
 
 28 . . . 
 
 2 
 
 8. .. . 
 
 9... 
 
 15. . . . 
 
 29 . . . 
 
 3 
 
 9. . . . 
 
 10. . . 
 
 16 
 
 30. . . 
 
 4 
 
 10. . . . 
 
 11. . . 
 
 17.... 
 
 . . . May 1 . . . 
 
 5 
 
 11.... 
 
 12. . . , 
 
 18. . . . 
 
 2. . . 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 13... 
 
 14. .. 
 
 . .19 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 13... . 
 
 20.... 
 
 4. . . 
 
 8 
 
 14. ... 
 
 15.... 
 
 21. . . . 
 
 5 . . . 
 
 n 
 
 15. . . . 
 
 16. . . . 
 
 22... . 
 
 6 . . . 
 
 10 
 
 16. . . . 
 
 17... . 
 
 23. . . . 
 
 1 ... 
 
 n 
 
 17. . . . 
 
 18.... 
 
 24. . . . 
 
 8 . . . 
 
 12 
 
 18. . . . 
 
 19.. .. 
 
 25. . . . 
 
 9... 
 
 13 
 
 19. . . . 
 
 20. . . . 
 
 26. . . . 
 
 .10. . . 
 
 14 
 
 20 ... . 
 
 21. .. . 
 
 27 ... . 
 
 11... 
 
 15 
 
 21. 
 
 22 
 
 28 
 
 12. . . 
 
 13.... 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 22. . .. 
 
 23. . . . 
 
 29 ... . 
 
 23 ... . 
 
 24. . . . 
 
 30. . . . 
 
 14 
 
 18 
 
 24 ... . 
 
 .25.... 
 
 31.... 
 
 1 .1... . 
 
 19 
 
 25.... 
 
 26.... 
 
 Nov. 1. . . . 
 
 16. . . . 
 
 20 
 
 26. . . . 
 
 27. . . . 
 
 2 
 
 17.... 
 
 21 
 
 27. . . . 
 
 28. . . . 
 
 3 . . . . 
 
 18 
 
 22 
 
 28. ... 
 
 29 . . . 
 
 4 
 
 19. . . . 
 
 23 
 
 29 ... . 
 
 30... . 
 
 5 
 
 .20... . 
 
 24 
 
 30. . . . 
 
 31. .. . 
 
 6 
 
 21. . . . 
 
 25 
 
 31 .... 
 
 
 
 .22. 
 
 26 
 
 FEB. 
 
 MARE 
 
 COW 
 
 SOW 
 
 EWE 
 
 
 
 Nov. 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 1 
 
 2. . . 
 
 8 
 
 23 ... . 
 
 27 
 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 24 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 -4 
 
 10. . 
 
 25 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 
 11 
 
 26.... 
 
 30 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 27 ... . 
 
 ■ ■ July 1 
 
 6 
 
 1 .... 
 
 13.... 
 
 28 ... . 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 14. ... 
 
 29. .. . 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 15.... 
 
 30. . . . 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 10.... 
 
 11.... 
 
 16 
 
 31 
 
 c 
 
 10 
 
 17.... 
 
 . . .June 1 . . . . 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 18. .. . 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 13.... 
 
 19. . . . 
 
 3. . .. 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 14 ... . 
 
 20. . .. 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 15... . 
 
 21.... 
 
 5.... 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 22 ... . 
 
 6 . . . . 
 
 .11 
 
 16 
 
 17.. . . 
 
 23. .. . 
 
 7.... 
 
 12 
 
 17 
 
 18.... 
 
 24 
 
 8.... 
 
 .13 
 
 18 
 
 19.... 
 
 25 
 
 9.... 
 
 14 
 
 19 
 
 20... . 
 
 26.. . . 
 
 10... . 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 21.... 
 
 27. . . . 
 
 11. . . . 
 
 16 
 
 21 
 
 22.. . 
 
 28.. . . 
 
 12.... 
 
 17 
 
 22 
 
 23.... 
 
 29.... 
 
 13... . 
 
 18 
 
 23 
 
 24.... 
 
 30.... 
 
 14.. . . 
 
 19 
 
 24 
 
 25.... 
 
 . . Dec. . .1 
 
 15 ... . 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 26.... 
 
 2 
 
 16. . .. 
 
 21 
 
 26 
 
 27.... 
 
 3. . . . 
 
 17.... 
 
 22 
 
 27 
 
 28.... 
 
 4 
 
 18.... 
 
 23 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 
 19.... 
 
 24 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 20.... 
 
 25 
 
MAR. 
 
 MARE 
 
 COW 
 
 SOW 
 
 EWE 
 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 1 
 
 31. ... 
 
 7 
 
 21. . . . 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 .Feb. 1. .. . 
 
 8 
 
 22.... 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 2. . . . 
 
 9 
 
 23.... 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 
 3.. .. 
 
 10 
 
 24.... 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 25.... 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 26.... 
 
 31 
 
 7 
 
 6.. . . 
 
 13 
 
 27.... 
 
 . .Aug. 1 
 
 8 
 
 1 .... 
 
 14 
 
 28.... 
 
 2 
 
 9. . . 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 29.... 
 
 30.... 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 9.... 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 10.... 
 
 17 
 
 ...July 1.... 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 11.. .. 
 
 18 
 
 2. ... 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 12.... 
 
 19 
 
 3.... 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 13. . . . 
 
 20 
 
 4.... 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 14.. .. 
 
 21 
 
 5.... 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 15.... 
 
 22 
 
 6.... 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 16.... 
 
 23 
 
 7.... 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 17.... 
 
 24 
 
 8.... 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 18. ... 
 
 25 
 
 9.... 
 
 13 
 
 20 
 
 19.... 
 
 26 
 
 10... . 
 
 14 
 
 21 
 
 20... . 
 
 27 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 21.... 
 
 28 
 
 12.... 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 22.... 
 
 29 
 
 13... . 
 
 17 
 
 24 
 
 23. . . . 
 
 30 
 
 14... . 
 
 18 
 
 25 
 
 24 
 
 31 
 
 . . . .June 1 
 
 15.... 
 
 16. ... 
 
 19 
 
 26 
 
 25. .. . 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 26.... 
 
 2 
 
 17.... 
 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 27.. . . 
 
 3 
 
 18.. . . 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 28. . . . 
 
 4 
 
 19.... 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 . Mar. 1 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 31 
 
 2.. . . 
 
 6 
 
 21. . . . 
 
 25 
 
 APRIL 
 
 MARE 
 
 COW 
 
 SOW 
 
 EWE 
 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 July 
 
 Aug. 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 22.... 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 23... . 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 5. ... 
 
 9 
 
 24.... 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 
 6.... 
 
 10 
 
 25.... 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 
 7.. . . 
 
 11 
 
 26. ... 
 
 30 
 
 6. . . 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 27 
 
 31 
 
 7 
 
 9. ... 
 
 13 
 
 28.... 
 
 . .Sept. 1 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 29.... 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 11. . . . 
 
 15 
 
 30.... 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 12.. .. 
 
 16 
 
 31... . 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 13... . 
 
 17 
 
 ...Aug. 1.... 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 14.. . . 
 
 18 
 
 2. .. . 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 15.... 
 
 19 
 
 3.... 
 
 7 
 
 14 .... . 
 
 16 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 17. . . . 
 
 21 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 18.... 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 19 ... . 
 
 23 
 
 7 .... 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 20.... 
 
 24 
 
 8.... 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 
 25 
 
 9.... 
 
 13 
 
 20 
 
 22... . 
 
 26 
 
 10.. . . 
 
 14 
 
 21 
 
 23.. . . 
 
 27 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 24... . 
 
 28 
 
 12.... 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 25.... 
 
 29 
 
 13.... 
 
 17 
 
 24 
 
 26.... 
 
 30 
 
 14. ... 
 
 18 
 
 25 
 
 27.. .. 
 
 31 
 
 15.... 
 
 19 
 
 26 
 
 28. ... 
 
 . . . . Feb. 1 
 
 16.... 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 29.... 
 
 2 
 
 17.... 
 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 30.... 
 
 3 
 
 18.... 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 31.... 
 
 4 
 
 19.... 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 . April 1.... 
 
 5 
 
 20.... 
 
 24 
 
MAY 
 
 MARE 
 
 April 
 
 COW 
 Feb. 
 
 SOW 
 Aug. 
 
 EWE 
 Sept. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 21... 
 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 7. . . . 
 
 22. . . 
 
 26 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 23... 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 24... 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 10. . . . 
 
 25. . . 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 26. .. 
 
 30 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 12.... 
 
 27. .. 
 
 ...Oct. 1 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 13.... 
 
 28. . . 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 29.. . 
 
 3 
 
 10 .... 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 30. . . 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 16.... 
 
 31. . . 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 17. ... 
 
 Sept. 1. . . 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 18 
 
 2. . . 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 19. . .. 
 
 3. .. 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 20. ... 
 
 4. . . 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 21 
 
 5. . . 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 22 
 
 6. .. 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 23 ... . 
 
 7 ... 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 8. .. 
 
 13 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 25 
 
 9. . . 
 
 14 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 26. . . . 
 
 10... 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 27.... 
 
 11. . . 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 28. . . . 
 
 12. .. 
 
 17 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 . . .Mar. 1 
 
 13.. . 
 
 18 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 2.... 
 
 14. . . 
 
 19 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 3.. . . 
 
 15. . . 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 
 16. . . 
 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 
 17. . . 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 18... 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 . .May 1 
 
 7 .... 
 
 19. . . 
 
 24 
 
 31 
 
 2 
 
 8. .. . 
 
 20... 
 
 25 
 
 JUNE 
 
 MARE 
 
 COW 
 
 SOW 
 
 EWE 
 
 
 May 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 9. . .. 
 
 21.. . 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 22... 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 23. . . 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 24. .. 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 25. . . 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 26. . . 
 
 31 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 27 . . . 
 
 . . . Nov. 1 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 16. ... 
 
 28... 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 17.... 
 
 29 . . . 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 18 
 
 30. .. 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 19... . 
 
 Oct. 1. . . 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 20.... 
 
 2.. . 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 21 
 
 3. . . 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 16 
 
 22.. . . 
 
 4.. . 
 
 8 
 
 15. . . . 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 23 
 
 . 5 . 
 
 . 9 
 
 16 
 
 24 
 
 6.. . 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 19 
 
 25.... 
 
 7. . . 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 26 
 
 8... 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 21 
 
 27 
 
 9.. . 
 
 13 
 
 20 
 
 22 
 
 28 
 
 10. . . 
 
 14 
 
 21 
 
 23 
 
 29 
 
 11. . . 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 24 
 
 30 
 
 12. . . 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 25 
 
 31 
 
 13.. . 
 
 17 
 
 24 
 
 26 
 
 . . . April 1 
 
 14. . . 
 
 18 
 
 25 
 
 27 
 
 2 
 
 15... 
 
 19 
 
 26 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 16. .. 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 17. .. 
 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 30 
 
 5 
 
 18... 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 31 
 
 6 
 
 19... 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 .June 1 
 
 7 
 
 20... 
 
 24 
 
JULY 
 
 MARE 
 
 cow 
 
 SOW 
 
 EWE 
 
 
 June 
 
 April 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 8. .. . 
 
 21. . . 
 
 25 
 
 2. .. . 
 
 3 
 
 9. . . . 
 
 22... 
 
 26 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 23 . . . 
 
 27 
 
 4. . . . 
 
 5 
 
 11. . . . 
 
 24 . . . 
 
 28 
 
 5. ... 
 
 6 
 
 12. . . . 
 
 25... 
 
 29 
 
 6.... 
 
 7 
 
 13. . . . 
 
 26... 
 
 30 
 
 7. ... 
 
 8 
 
 14. . .. 
 
 27.... 
 
 . ..Dec.l 
 
 8. ... 
 
 9 
 
 15. ... 
 
 28. . . 
 
 2 
 
 9. . . . 
 
 10 
 
 16.... 
 
 29. . . 
 
 3 
 
 10. . . . 
 
 11 
 
 17.... 
 
 30. . . 
 
 4 
 
 11. ... 
 
 12 
 
 18. . .. 
 
 31. . 
 
 5 
 
 12. ... 
 
 13 
 
 . 19. . . . 
 
 . . . Nov. 1 . . . 
 
 6 
 
 13. . . . 
 
 14 
 
 20.... 
 
 2... 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 21. .. . 
 
 3 . . . 
 
 8 
 
 15. . . . 
 
 16 
 
 22 
 
 4. . . 
 
 9 
 
 16. ... 
 
 17 
 
 23.... 
 
 5 . . . 
 
 10 
 
 17. ... 
 
 18 
 
 24.... 
 
 6. .. 
 
 11 
 
 18.-... 
 
 19 
 
 25. . . . 
 
 1 ... 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 26. . . . 
 
 8... . 
 
 13 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 27 ... . 
 
 9. ... 
 
 14 
 
 21. . . . 
 
 22 
 
 28.... 
 
 10. .. 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 29.... 
 
 11.. .. 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 30.... 
 
 12. . . , 
 
 17 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 . . .May 1. . . . 
 
 13... . 
 
 18 
 
 25 
 
 . . . 26 
 
 2.... 
 
 3.. .. 
 
 14 
 
 15. ... 
 
 19 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 38. -. . . 
 
 4.. . . 
 
 16. .. . 
 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 5. .. . 
 
 17.... 
 
 ......22 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 6.... 
 
 18. . . . 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 July 1 . . 
 
 . . 1 ... 
 
 19 
 
 24 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 20 ... . 
 
 25 
 
 AUG. 
 
 MARE 
 
 COW 
 
 SOW 
 
 EWE 
 
 
 July 
 
 May 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 '> 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 22.... 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 23.... 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 24. . . . 
 
 29 
 
 ,-, 
 
 7 
 
 13 . 
 
 .25 . 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 '.6. . . . 
 
 31 
 
 7 
 
 5) 
 
 15 
 
 27 ... . 
 
 . . . Tan. 1 
 
 S 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 28.... 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 17 
 
 29 ... . 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 11... 
 
 19 
 
 . . . Dec . 1 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 21 . 
 
 2 
 
 ...... 6 
 
 13 
 
 3. .. . 
 
 4. . . . 
 
 . 7 
 
 14 
 
 16 
 
 22 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 23 
 
 5. .. . 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 IS 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 1.0 
 
 17 
 
 i9 
 
 25 
 
 1 .... 
 
 n 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 &.... 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 21 
 
 27 
 
 9. . . . 
 
 13 
 
 20 
 
 22... 
 
 28 
 
 10... . 
 
 14 
 
 21 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 29 
 
 11. ... 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 30 
 
 1/ 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 25 
 
 31 
 
 13... 
 
 17 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 . . June 1 
 
 14. .. . 
 
 IS 
 
 25 
 
 27 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 ...... .15. .. . 
 
 16. .. . 
 
 . . .19 
 
 26 
 
 28 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 17... . 
 
 24 
 
 28 
 
 30 
 
 5 
 
 18. . . . 
 
 ...22 
 
 29 
 
 31 
 
 (i 
 
 HI . .. 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 .Aug. 1 
 
 7 
 
 20. .. . 
 
 24 
 
 31 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 21. . . . 
 
 25 
 
SEPT. MARE COW SOW EWE 
 
 
 Aug. 
 
 June 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 22. . 
 
 26 
 
 2. ... 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 23 . . 
 
 27 
 
 3. ... 
 
 •).... 
 
 11. ... 
 
 24 . . 
 
 28 
 
 4. . . . 
 
 6 
 
 
 25 . . 
 
 29 
 
 •).... 
 
 7. ... 
 
 ..13... 
 
 2(1. . 
 
 30 
 
 6. . . 
 
 8 
 
 .11. . . . 
 
 15. . . . 
 
 27 
 
 31 
 
 Feb. 1 
 
 7. ... 
 
 9 
 
 28 
 
 8. ... 
 
 10 
 
 
 29 . . . 
 
 2 
 
 9. . . . 
 
 11 
 
 .17. . . . 
 
 30. . . 
 
 3 
 
 10. . . . 
 
 12 
 
 IS 
 
 31... 
 
 4 
 
 11..:. 
 
 13 
 
 ..19.... 
 
 ...Jan. 1... 
 
 5 
 
 12. . . . 
 
 : 15. . . 
 
 20 
 
 2. . . 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 15. . . 
 
 21 
 
 7 
 
 14. . .. 
 
 16 
 
 22.... 
 
 4. . . 
 
 8 
 
 15. ... 
 
 17. . . 
 
 23 ... . 
 
 5... 
 
 9 
 
 16. ... 
 
 18 
 
 24 
 
 6 . . . 
 
 10 
 
 17. . .. 
 
 19 
 
 25 
 
 
 11 
 
 IS.... 
 
 20 
 
 26.... 
 
 8... 
 
 12 
 
 19... 
 
 21. . . 
 
 27. . . . 
 
 
 
 20. ... 
 
 22 
 
 28 
 
 10. . . 
 
 14 
 
 21.... 
 
 23". ... . 
 
 29. ... 
 
 11. . . 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 24 
 
 30 ... . 
 
 12. .. 
 
 16 
 
 23. ... 
 
 25 . . . 
 
 . . July 1. ... 
 
 13. .. 
 
 17 
 
 24. ... 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 14. . . 
 
 18 
 
 25 
 
 27 
 
 3.... 
 
 15. . . 
 
 16... 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 2(1. ... 
 
 28 
 
 27. . .. 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 21 
 
 28. . .. 
 
 30 
 
 
 IS. . . 
 
 22 
 
 29 .... 
 
 
 
 19. . . 
 
 20 . . . 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 30 
 
 . ..Sept. 1 
 
 8. . . . 
 
 OCT. 
 
 MARE 
 
 COW 
 
 SOW 
 
 EWE 
 
 
 Sept. 
 
 July 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 1 
 
 
 <). . . 
 
 21. . . 
 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 22 . . . 
 
 26 
 
 3. . .. 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 23 . . . 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 
 •"> 
 
 12 
 
 24 . . . 
 
 28 
 
 5. . . . 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 25. .. 
 
 . . Mar. 1 
 
 6 
 
 1 ... 
 
 14 
 
 26... 
 
 2 
 
 7. . . . 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 27 . . . 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 28... 
 
 4 
 
 9. . . . 
 
 10. . . 
 
 17 
 
 29 . . . 
 
 
 10 
 
 11. . . 
 
 18 
 
 30... 
 
 6 
 
 11. . . 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 31. . . 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 20 
 
 ...Feb. 1... 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 14. . . 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 3. . . 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 4. . . 
 
 11 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 25 
 
 6. .. 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 26 
 
 7 ... 
 
 14 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 8. . . 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 
 28 
 
 9... 
 
 16 
 
 21 
 
 22. . . 
 
 29 
 
 10. . 
 
 17 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 11. . . 
 
 18 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 31 
 
 12. . . 
 
 19 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 14. . . 
 
 21- 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 15. . . 
 
 22 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 
 16. . . 
 
 23 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 17. .. 
 
 24 
 
 29. . . 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 18. . . 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 ..Oct. 1 
 
 7 
 
 19 
 
 26 
 
 31 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 20 ... . 
 
 27 
 
NOV. 
 
 MARE 
 
 COW 
 
 SOW 
 
 EWE 
 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 21. . . 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 10. . . . 
 
 22. . . 
 
 29 
 
 3 
 
 
 11 
 
 23. . . 
 
 24 . . . 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 31 
 
 5 
 
 . . 7 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 25. . . 
 
 26. .. 
 
 . . April 1 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 27. . . 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 28. . . 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 . . .Mar. 1. . . 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 18. .. . 
 
 2. . . 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 19. . . . 
 
 3. .. 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 20. . . . 
 
 4. . . 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 16 
 
 22. . . . 
 
 6... 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 23 
 
 7 ... 
 
 11 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 24 ... . 
 
 8. .. 
 
 12 
 
 17 
 
 19 
 
 25.... 
 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 26 . 
 
 10... 
 
 14 
 
 in 
 
 21 
 
 27... . 
 
 11. . . 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 22 
 
 28.... 
 
 12 . . 
 
 ...... .16 
 
 21 
 
 23 
 
 29.... 
 
 13 . . . 
 
 17 
 
 22 
 
 24 
 
 30. . . . 
 
 14. . . 
 
 18 
 
 23 
 
 25 
 
 31 .... 
 
 15... 
 
 19 
 
 24 
 
 26 
 
 ..Sept. 1 
 
 16.. . 
 
 20 
 
 2.") 
 
 27 
 
 9 
 
 17. . . 
 
 21 
 
 26 
 
 28 
 
 3 . . . . 
 
 18... 
 
 22 
 
 27 
 
 29 
 
 4. . . . 
 
 19. . . 
 
 23 
 
 28 
 
 30 
 
 .).... 
 
 20... 
 
 24 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 21. .. 
 
 .25 
 
 30 
 
 . . Nov. 1 
 
 7. . . . 
 
 22 . . . 
 
 26 
 
 DEC. 
 
 MARE 
 
 COW 
 
 SOW 
 
 EWE 
 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 April 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 8 . . 
 
 23 . . . 
 
 27 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 9 . . . . 
 
 24 . . . 
 
 2S 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 10. . . . 
 
 25 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 27 
 
 . . .May 1 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 28. .. 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 29. . . 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 15.... 
 
 30... 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 16.... 
 
 31... 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 17. . . 
 
 . . . April 1 . . . 
 
 6 
 
 n 
 
 12 
 
 18.... 
 
 2. . . 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 13.... 
 
 19. . . . 
 
 3. . . 
 
 8 
 
 13. . . . 
 
 14. . . . 
 
 . 21 1 
 
 4. . . 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 15.... 
 
 21. ... 
 
 .... 5 . . . 
 
 10 
 
 15. ... 
 
 16. . . . 
 
 22 ... . 
 
 6. . . 
 
 11 
 
 16. . 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 17. ... 
 
 18 
 
 24. . . . 
 
 8. . . 
 
 13 
 
 is . 
 
 19.... 
 
 25 ... . 
 
 9. . . 
 
 14 
 
 19 
 
 20. .. . 
 
 26.... 
 
 10. . . 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 21. . . . 
 
 27 . . 
 
 11. . . 
 
 16 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 28 ... . 
 
 12. .. 
 
 17 
 
 22. . . . 
 
 23 ... . 
 
 29.... 
 
 13... 
 
 18 
 
 23. .. . 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 30 
 
 14 
 
 . . .19 
 
 25 
 
 . . . .Oct. 1. . . . 
 
 15.. . 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 26 ... . 
 
 2 
 
 16. . . 
 
 21 
 
 26. . . . 
 
 27.... 
 
 3 . . . . 
 
 17. .. 
 
 22 
 
 27. ... 
 
 28. .. . 
 
 4 
 
 18... 
 
 23 
 
 28. ... 
 
 29. . . . 
 
 •>. . . 
 
 19. . . 
 
 24 
 
 29 ... . 
 
 30. . . . 
 
 6.... 
 
 20. . . 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 . . . Dec. 1 
 
 7 
 
 21.. . 
 
 26 
 
 31 
 
 2 
 
 8 . . 
 
 .22. 
 
 27 
 
183 
 
 Red Corpuscles per Cubic Millimeter of Blood. 
 
 Horse 
 
 7,431,200 (average from 10 investigators} 
 
 Colt 
 
 9,390,000 (Storch) 
 
 Cow 
 
 6,022,700 (average from 7 investigators) 
 
 Calves 
 
 8,523,000 (Storch) 
 
 Sheep 
 
 10,439,000 (average from 5 investigators) 
 
 Lambs 
 
 11,032,000 (Storch) 
 
 Goat 
 
 14,507,000 (average from 6 investigators) 
 
 Swine 
 
 7,437,640 (average from 5 investigators) 
 
 Dog 
 
 6,240,625 (average from 16 investigators) 
 
 Cat 
 
 7,828,000 (average from 4 investigators) 
 
 Rabbit 
 
 5,688,320 (average from 10 investigators) 
 
 Guinea Pig 
 
 4,983,250 (average from 6 investigators) 
 
 Fowl 
 
 3,064,500 (average from 9 investigators) 
 
 Leucocytes per Cubic Millimeter of Blood. 
 
 Horse 
 
 9,473 (average from 11 investigators) 
 
 Colts 
 
 14,034 (Storch) 
 
 Cow 
 
 8,133 (average from 5 investigators) 
 
 Calves 
 
 15,739 (Storch) 
 
 Sheep 
 
 7,140 (average from 4 investigators) 
 
 Lambs 
 
 10,198 (Storch) 
 
 Goat 
 
 9,750 (average from 3 investigators) 
 
 Swine 
 
 13,420 (average from 2 investigators) 
 
 Dog 
 
 11,370 (average from 15 investigators) 
 
 Cat 
 
 12,410 (average from 5 investigators) 
 
 Rabbit 
 
 9,161 (average from 12 investigators) 
 
 Guinea Pig 
 
 9,145 (average from 5 investigators) 
 
 Fowl 
 
 26,723 (average from 7 investigators) 
 
184 
 
 Size of Red Corpuscles. 
 
 Horse 
 
 
 5.60/* (average from 5 invest.iagtors) 
 
 Cow 
 
 
 5.85/* (average from 4 investi 
 
 Lgators) 
 
 Sheep 
 
 
 4.90/* (average from 4 investigators) 
 
 Goat 
 
 
 3.96/* (average from 5 investigators) 
 
 Swine 
 
 
 6.19/x (average from 3 investigators) 
 
 Dog 
 
 
 7.20/* (average from 6 investigators) 
 
 Cat 
 
 
 6.03/* (average from 5 investigators) 
 
 Rabbit 
 
 
 6.80/* (average from 5 investigators) 
 
 Guinea Pig 
 
 7.52/* (average from 4 
 
 investigators) 
 
 Fowl 
 
 12.62/* lo, 7.25/* wide (a- 
 
 ^erage from 7 investigators) 
 
 
 
 Composition 
 
 of Milk. 
 
 
 
 
 Water 
 
 Solids Proteid 
 
 Fat SugaT 
 
 Salts 
 
 Sp. Or. 
 
 
 % 
 
 % % 
 
 % % 
 
 % 
 
 
 Woman 
 
 87.58 
 
 12.42 2.01 
 
 3.74 6.37 
 
 0.30 
 
 1.029S 
 
 Cow 
 
 87.27 
 
 12.73 3.39 
 
 3.68 4.94 
 
 0.72 
 
 1.0313 
 
 Mare 
 
 90.26 
 
 9.74 1.86 
 
 1.06 6.50 
 
 0.32 
 
 1.0348 
 
 Ass 
 
 90.12 
 
 9.88 1.85 
 
 1.37 6.19 
 
 0.47 
 
 1.033 
 
 vSheep 
 
 83.57 
 
 16.43 5.15 
 
 6.18 4.17 
 
 0.93 
 
 1.0355 
 
 Goat 
 
 86.88 
 
 13.12 3.76 
 
 4.07 4.44 
 
 0.85 
 
 1.0329 
 
 Swine 
 
 82.37 
 
 16.73 6.09 
 
 6.44 4.04 
 
 1.06 
 
 
 Bitch 
 
 77.00 
 
 23.00 9.72 
 
 9.26 3.11 
 
 0.91 
 
 
 Cat 
 
 81.63 
 
 18.37 9.08 
 
 3.33 4.91 
 
 0.58 
 
 
 Rabbit 
 
 69.50 
 
 30.50 15.54 
 
 10.45 1.95 
 
 2.56 
 
 
 (Ellenberger and Scheunert.) 
 
185 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 c 
 
 C 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1—1 
 
 <-"< 
 
 T— ( T— < 
 
 1—1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jh 
 
 5h 
 
 Vh 
 
 Si u 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0) 
 
 <D 
 
 <D 
 
 CD CD 
 
 CD 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ft ft 
 
 ft 
 
 
 
 ps 
 
 
 
 
 t/3 
 
 ai 
 
 C/) 
 
 w w 
 
 w 
 
 CD 
 
 
 aj 
 
 
 
 
 +J 
 
 
 
 +-> +-> 
 
 +J 
 
 O 
 
 
 § 
 
 
 
 
 
 In 
 
 "C 
 
 Vh U 
 
 u 
 
 a3 
 
 
 cj 
 
 
 
 r5 
 
 c^ 
 
 rt 
 
 aJ ctf 
 
 a 
 
 Ih 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ft ft 
 
 ft 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 lO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 cn 
 
 
 
 
 ifl 
 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1~ 
 
 2 
 
 S' 
 
 O 
 
 4 
 
 CO ^ 
 
 i 
 
 PS 
 D 
 w 
 
 < 
 
 w 
 
 
 c 
 
 3 
 
 < 
 
 CO 
 
 
 i-h 
 
 i— I H 
 
 d 
 
 £ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 rt 
 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 C 
 
 
 O O 
 
 o 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 3 
 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 O 
 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 
 b 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i— 1 t-H 
 
 1 — 1 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 }-i 
 
 Vh 
 
 
 «H J-l 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 CD 
 
 CD 
 
 
 <d a> 
 
 
 D 
 
 
 
 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 
 ft ft 
 
 
 n, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 w 
 
 W 
 
 
 t/3 W3 
 
 
 n 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 
 
 +J 
 
 +.3 
 
 
 4^ +-> 
 
 +-> 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S-. 
 
 
 
 U J-i 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 
 
 ct3 
 
 ctf 
 
 
 a3 aj 
 
 
 Tj 
 
 O 
 
 - 
 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 
 ft ft 
 
 
 ft 
 
 § 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 ffi 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 
 CD 
 
 
 ~f 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 -t 
 
 
 PS 
 
 
 >— i 
 
 
 CO r^ 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 ; ^ 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 <u 
 
 
 CD 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 iO 
 
 ed 
 
 i 
 
 3b 
 
 o 
 
 cN O 
 
 O ^ O 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 (M 
 
 ^ 
 
 >C 
 
 
 a3 
 
 Ol 
 
 CO 
 
 J3 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 < 
 
 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 in 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 XI 
 
 !>» 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -t 
 
 +J 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 T3 
 
 
 
 .2 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 So 
 o 
 
 'o 
 
 o 
 
 ft 
 
 p! 
 
 _o 
 
 o 
 
 a; 
 
 03 
 
 o 
 
 in 
 
 0) 
 
 <D aj 
 
 "C ft 
 
 U ft: 
 
 Sulphates 
 Urea 
 
 Uric Acid 
 Hippuric aci 
 Indican 
 
PAGES FOR 
 SELECTED PRESCRIPTIONS 
 
PAGES FOR 
 SELECTED PRESCRIPTIONS 
 
PAGES FOR 
 SELECTED PRESCRIPTIONS 
 
, 
 
Veterinary Doses and Prescription 
 
 Writing 
 
 By Pierre A. Fish, D. Sc., D. V. M., Professor of 
 Veterinary Physiology, New York State Veter- 
 inary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 
 A full list of drugs with their doses for the 
 different domestic animals based upon the eighth 
 (1905) revision of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. 
 Therapeutic terms and a list of terminations of 
 medical terms applicable to Veterinary medi- 
 cine. Prescription writing is discussed in some 
 detail, with illustrative prescriptions. Thermo- 
 metric equivalents. Weights and measures. 
 Latin words and phrases used in prescription 
 writing. Incompatibility. Poisons and their 
 antidotes. Classification of medicines according 
 to their physiologic actions. Pages for selected 
 prescriptions. 
 
 Fifth Edition. Revised and Enlarged: 
 
 Red Fabrikoid Flexible Covers. 
 
 185 pages. $1.50 net. 
 
 A small volume which will be of indis- 
 pensable value to the practitioners and students. 
 * * * It will return the investment with inter- 
 est every other day. 
 
 "American Veterinary Review." 
 
 Examination of the Urine of the 
 Horse and Man 
 
 By Pierre A. Fish, D. Sc, D. V. M. 
 
 Simple directions are given for performing the 
 tests necessary to determine the normal or ab- 
 normal conditions of the urine. 
 
 $i-75 net 
 The Comstock Publishing Co. 
 
 Ithaca, New York 
 
 PRESS OF W. F HUMPHREY, GENEVA. 
 
% 
 
 r & 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 A^ X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <£>' ^r 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ V