I LIBRARY OErCONGRESS. I hag. € ^ oggriglif V K j7/te// 3fe5T t UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, f HE PHYSICIAN'S DOSE AND SYMPTOM BOOK, CONTAINING THE DOSES AND USES OF ALL THE PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF THE MATERIA MEDICAAND OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS; ALSO, Table of Weights and Measures. Index of Diseases and Treat- Rules to Proportion the Doses of ment. Medicines. Pharmaceutical Preparations. Common Abbreviations used in \ Table of Symptomatology. Writing Prescriptions. - Outlines of General Pathology Table of Poisons and Antidotes. and Therapeutics. BY JOSEPH H. WYTHEJ, A. M., M. D., LATE SURGEON U.S. VOL'S; AUTHOR 'of " THE ^IICROSCOPIST," ETC., ETC. ELEVENTH EDITION, PHILADELPHIA LINDSAY & BLAKIS 187 4. "RM tf VV^I Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1874, by LINDSAY & BLAKISTON, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. PRINTED BY SHERMAN 1 = 12 = 96 = 288 = 5760 ^ 1 = 8 == 24 = 480 5 : 1 = 3 = 60 9 1= 20 APOTHECARIES' OR WINE MEASURE. Gallon. Pints. Fluidounces. Fluidrachms. Minims. Cong. 1 = 8 = 128 = 1024 == 61440 01 = 16 = 128 = 7680 f| 1 = 8 = 480 % 1 = W 60 The drop of water is about equal to a minim, 60 drops being equal to a fluidrachm. It is important, how- 5 TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. ever, to bear in mind that this is by no means the case with other fluids ; for example, a minim of the tinctures being about equal to two drops, or 120 drops to the flui drachm. DOMESTIC MEASURES. A teacup is considered equal to 4 fluidounces. A wineglass " " 2 " A tablespoon " " £ " A teaspoon " " 1 fluidrachm. II. RULES TO PROPORTION THE DOSES OF MEDICINE. In prescribing, the following circumstances should always be kept in view : — Age, Sex, Temperament, Habit, Climate, the Condition of the Stomach, and Idiosyncrasy. Age. — For an adult, suppose the dose to be one, or 1 drachm. Under 1 year will require only l-12th, or 5 grains. Under 2 years will require only l-8th, or 7^ grains. Under 3 years will require only l-6th, or 10 grains. Under 4 years will require only l-4th, or 15 grains. Under 7 years will require only l-3d, or 1 scruple. Under 14 years will require only J, or J drachm. Under 20 years will require only 2-3ds, or 2 scruples. Above 21 years the full dose, 1 drachm. Above 65, the inverse gradation of the above. Opiates affect children more powerfully than adults, but children bear larger doses of calomel than adults. Sex. — Women require smaller doses than men ; they are more rapidly affected by purgatives than men, 7 - 8 RULES TO PROPORTION DOSES. and the condition of the uterine system must never be overlooked. Temperament. — Stimulants and purgatives more readily affect the sanguine than the phlegmatic, and consequently the former require smaller doses. Habits. — The knowledge of habits is essential; for persons in the habitual use of stimulants and nar- cotics, require larger doses to affect them when laboring under disease, while those who have habit- uated themselves to the use of saline purgatives, are more easily affected by these remedies. Persons, however, who have habituated themselves to the use of opium, do not require larger doses than usual of other narcotics. Climate. — Medicines act differently on the same in- dividual in summer and in winter, and in different climates. Narcotics act more powerfully in hot than in cold climates, hence smaller doses are re- quired in the former; but the reverse is the case with regard to calomel. Condition of the Stomach, and Idiosyncrasy. — The least active remedies operate very violently on some individuals, owing to a peculiarity of stomach, or rather disposition of body, unconnected with temperament. This state can be discovered only by accident or time ; but when it is known, it should always be attended to. In prescribing, the practitioner should always so reg- ulate the intervals between the doses, that the next dose may be taken before the effect produced by RULES TO PROPORTION DOSES. 9 the first is altogether effaced ; for, by not attending to this circumstance, the cure is always commencing, but never proceeding. It should, however, also be kept in mind, that some medicines, such as the mercurial salts, arsenic, etc., are apt to accumulate in the system ; and danger may thence arise, if the doses too rapidly succeed one another. The action also of some remedies, elaterium and digitalis, for example, continue long after the remedy is left off; and therefore much caution is requisite in avoiding too powerful an effect, by a repetition of them even in diminished doses. Aloes and castor oil acquire activity by continued use, so that the dose requires to be diminished. The following simple rule, given by Dr. Young, will be found very useful as a guide in prescribing for children. For children under 12 years of age, the doses of most medicines must be diminished in the proportion of the age to the age increased by 12 ; thus at 2 years .2 . j — viz. = \ : or, in other words, add the A ~p \.A age to 12, and divide the sum by the age, and the product will be the proportion of the dose to that of an adult. At 21, the full dose may be given. III. COMMON ABBREVIATIONS USED IN WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. Abbreviation. Latin. English. aa Ana. Of each. Ad lib. Ad libitum. At pleasure. Ad saturand. Ad saturandum. Until saturated. Aq. ferv. Aqua fervens. Hot water. Aq. tepid. Aqua tepida. Warm water. Chart. Chartula. A small paper. Coch. mag. Cochlear magnum. A tablespoonful. Coch. parv. Cochlear parvum. A teaspoonful. Colent. Colentur. Let them be strained Collyr. Collyrium. An eyewater. Contus. Contusus. Bruised. F. vel ft. Fiat vel fiant. Let them be made. Fol. Folium vel folia. A leaf or leaves. Garg. Gargarisma. A gargle. Gtt. Gutta vel guttse. A drop or drops. Haust. Haustus. A draught. Infus. Infusis. An infusion. M. Misce. Mix. Mass. Massa. A mass. Mist. Mistura. A mixture. Pil. Pilula vel pilulae. A pill or pills. Pulv. Pulvis vel pulveres . A powder or powders Q.s. Quantum sufficit. A sufficient quantity. B. Eecipe. Take. Ead. Radix. A root- S. Signa. Write. Ss. Semis. The half. Tinct. Tinctura. A tincture. 10 IV. TABLE OF POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. In all cases of poisoning, the first step is to evacuate the stomach, which should be effected by one of those emetics which is most powerful and speedy in its oper- ation, as sulphate of zinc, or sulphate of copper. When vomiting has already taken place, copious draughts of warm water or mucilaginous drinks should be given, to keep up the effect till the poisoning substance has been evacuated. If vomiting cannot be produced, the stom- ach-pump must be used. Inflammation of the stomach, congestion of the brain, and other symptoms, are to be treated on general prin- ciples, viz., by bloodletting, cold applications, revulsives, cool mucilaginous drinks, milk, lime-water, etc. When prostration exists, stimulants should be resorted to, as in other cases. The following is a list of the usual poisoning sub- stances, with the appropriate remedies : 11 12 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. Poisons. Acids. Alkalies and their salts. Earths. Baryta and its salts. Lime. Iodine. Iodide of Potas- sium. Antidotes. The Alkalies. Common soap (soft or hard) in solution is an efficient remedy, and has the advantage of being always at hand. It should be followed by copious draughts of tepid water or flaxseed tea. For nitric and oxalic acids, the car- bonates of magnesia and lime (chalk and water) are the best antidotes. When sulphuric acid has been taken, the use of much water will be improper. The Vegetable acids. Common vin- egar being always at hand, is most frequently used. The fixed oils, as castor, flaxseed, almond and olive oils, form soaps with the al- kalies, and thus, also, destroy their caustic effect. They should be given in large quantities. Epsom or Glauber's Salts,* in solu- tion, or diluted sulphuric acid. The fixed oils also have the same effect as with the alkalies proper when not in a compound state. Starch, or wheat flour, in large quan- tities well mixed with water. For Iodide of Potassium, there being no antidote, vomiting must be pro' I POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 13 Poisons. Antimony and its salts. Arsenic and its compounds. Bismuth and its compounds. Copper and its compounds. Gold, salts of. Iron, salts of. Lead, salts of. Mercury, salts of. Silver, salts of. Antidotes. — (Continued.) moted by copious draughts of warm water. Astringent Infusions, as of galls, oak bark, Peruvian bark, or green tea, very strong. Hydrated Peroxide of Iron, in table- spoonful doses every 5 or 10 min- utes. See Ferri Oxidum Hydra- tum. Freshly precipitated Magnesia, De- mulcents, etc. Albumen. Copious draughts of milk, combined with sweet mucilaginous drinks. Albumen, as milk or whites of eggs in solution, should be freely ad- ministered. Vinegar must be avoided. Sulphate of Iron, with a free use of mucilaginous drinks. Carbonate of Soda, with mucilagi- nous drinks. Sulphate of Magnesia (Epsom salts), or diluted sulphuric acid. Albumen, as whites of eggs, milk, or wheat flour beaten up with water. Common salt (chloride of sodium), largely given. 14 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. Poisons. Tin, salts of. Zinc, salts of. Phosphorus. Gases. Creasote. Alcohol or spirit- uous liquors. Opium and other narcotics. Antidotes. — (Continued.) Albumen. Whites of eggs, milk, or flour. Albumen, or carbonate of soda, with copious draughts of warm water, and especially milk. Magnesia with water, and copious draughts of mucilaginous drinks. Ammonia cautiously inhaled is re- commended for chlorine. As- phyxia produced by carbonic acid or carbonic oxide gases or sulphu- retted hydrogen, must be treated by copious effusions of cold water, especially to the head, bloodlet- ting, artificial respiration, stimu- lants carefully administered, etc. Albumen, or whites of eggs, milk, or wheat flour. A powerful emetic should be given, followed by copious draughts of warm water. Congestion of the brain and other symptoms, to be treated on general principles. The chief reliance is to be placed on the most active emetics (as tartar emetic, sulphate of copper, or sul- phate of zinc), and the stomach- pump. Emetics are preferable to the stomach-pump when the nar- POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 15 Poisons. Antidotes. — (Continued.) cotic has been taken in substance. The patient should be kept in mo- tion, and cold water dashed on the head and shoulders. Bloodletting may become necessary to relieve congestion. After other remedies fail, artificial respiration should be resorted to. Strong hot coffee, a teacupful alter- nately with vinegar and water may be useful. Electro-magnetism has also been efficacious. Poisonous Ser- A cupping-glass over the wound, or pents. a tight ligature above it; cauter- ization of wound. Warm diluent drinks and small doses of ammo- nia to promote perspiration. Whiskey has been given in large doses. Bibron's antidote is as follows: R. Potass. Iodid., gr. iv, Hydrarg. chlor. corros., gr. ij, Brominii gv. M. 10 drops in a tablespoon- ful of wine or brandy, repeated if necessary. V. INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT, (After Tanner.) Abscess. 1. Of brain. — Pain, vertigo, paralysis, etc. Treat- ment doubtful. 2. Of external ear. — Pain, swelling, etc. Fomenta- tions, etc. 3. Of tonsil. — Chill, fever, swelling, pain. Open towards median line. 4. Retropharyngeal. — Fever, sore throat, swelling, etc. Puncture (Tracheotomy?). 5. Empyema. — Intercostal bulging, dull percussion, no murmur. Sinapism, Iod. Potas., Tapping, etc. Tonics. 6. Hepatic. — Chills, hectic, pain, prostration, etc. Tonics. Puncture if parietal adhesion. General treatment of abscesses similar. If strumous, chemical food (Phosphates of lime, iron, soda, and potass., in syrup) and Cod-liver oil. Bladder Diseases. 1. Irritability. — Analyze urine chemically and mi- 16 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 17 croscopically, and trace disease to its source. Muci- laginous drinks, etc. 2. Spasm. — Pain, suppression, tenesmus, etc. Hot bath, Camphor or poppy fomentations to peri- neum, or lotion of Tinct. Aconite, etc. 3. Paralysis. — Retention, distension, pain, coma. Catheter, hip-bath, blisters, etc. 4. Inflammation. — Catheter, fomentations, baths, opium, aconite, mucilages, tonics, etc. If chronic, buchu, cubebs, opiate suppositories, etc. 5. Tumors and calculi. — Chloroform, hot baths, nar- cotics, astringents. Analyze urine. Examine surgically. Lithotomy. Blood Diseases. 1. Anosmia. — Iron. Chemical food. Tonics. 2. Chlorosis. — Good food and air, sea bathing. Chalybeates. Aloetic aperients. 3. Hyperemia. — Restricted diet, exercise, salines. Liq. potassa, Liq. arsenicalis, Tartar emetic, etc. 4. Pyazmia (absorption of pus). — Shivering, sweat- ing, rapid pulse, diarrhoea, pleurisy, peritonitis, etc. Death from prostration. Vapor bath. Qui- nine. Sulphites. Tonics. Stimulants. 5. Acholia (toxaemia from arrest of bile) . — Nervous excitement. Typhoid prostration. Coma. Hem- orrhage. Sometimes jaundice. Purgatives. Cro- ton oil. Hydrochlorate of ammonia. Nitro-hy- drochloric acid. 6. Glucohcemia {Diabetes mellitus). — Symptoms in- 2 18 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. sidious, feverishness, debility, excessive flow of urine, ends in phthisis, or some low form of in- flammation. Test urine for sugar. Diet free from starch, etc. Muriated Tinct. Iron, Citrate of Ammonia, and iron. Quinine, Pepsin, Aperients. Nitro-hydrochloric acid. Yapor bath. Flannel, etc. 7. Uraemia (Toxaemia from absorbed urea). — Dis- turbance of nerve-centres. Convulsions. Coma. Albuminuria. Suppression of urine. Vapor bath. Acid sponging. Saline aperients. Elaterium. Croton oil. Enema of castor oil and turpentine. Stimulants, etc. 8. Thrombosis — Embolism (fibrous coagula in blood- vessel). — Support the vital powers, and allay irri- tability. 9. Scurvy. — Lemon-juice. Fresh vegetables. Raw meat. Citric acid. Iron. Tannin, etc. 10. Purpura. — Tendency to effusion, petechia, de- bility, etc. Treat as for scurvy. Bone Diseases. 1. Caries. — Constitutional disturbance. Deep-seated pain. Abscess. Fistulous openings. Probe leads to dead bone. Tonics. Iron. Cod-liver oil. Chemical food. Eemove dead bone. Inject dilute Carbolic acid. 2. Necrosis (dead bone inclosed in case of new bone, necrosis of superficial layer is exfoliation). — Oper- ation for removal of sequestrum. INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 19 3. Periostitis. — Pain and tenderness, worse at night. Nodes, etc. Calomel and opium. Iodides. Iron. Blisters. Belladonna and mercury liniment. In- cisions. 4. Rickets (softening of bone in children). — Animal food. Chemical food. Hypophosphite of lime. Milk. Cod-liver oil. Salt bath, etc. 5. Coccyodynia (pain and tenderness of coccyx, often very chronic). — Remove uterine or ovarian dis- ease. Nerve tonics. Leeches. Hip-baths. Hypo- dermic injection of morphia. Subcutaneous sec- tion of muscles, or removal of bone. Brain Diseases. 1. Apoplexy. — Care for the predisposition by tem- perance, exercise, cold affusion, etc. Bleeding if pulse full, hard, and thrilling, but avoid it if ten- dency to syncope. Turpentine enema. Pedi- luvia, etc. 2. Hydrocephalus. — Tonic regimen. Cod-liver oil. Salt baths. Rhubarb and magnesia. Quinine. Iodide of Iron, etc. If fontanelle depressed as in spurious hydrocephalus, Chemical food, Raw meat, Beef tea, etc. Avoid purges. S. Concussion. — Distinguish from compression by easy breathing, and natural pupils although in- sensible to light. In compression, there is snoring and dilated pupil ; in poisoning by opium, etc., contracted pupil, livid countenance, etc. Stimu- lants till reaction. Cold to head. Croton oil. Enema. Rest, etc. 20 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 4. Coup de solid (sun-stroke). — Faintness, vertigo, sickness, coma. Cold to head. Stimulants. Sinapisms to extremities. Stimulant enema. Ice to spine. Friction. 5. Meningitis. — Fever, pain, delirium, coma. Calo- mel and jalap. Croton oil, etc Iod. Potass. Ice to head. Stimulants in collapse. 6. Chronic Encephalitis (softening, etc.). — Vertigo, pain, failure of intellect, delusion, constipation, etc. Hygienic measures. Cod-liver oil. Blisters behind ears, etc. Analyze urine, lest diabetes, etc., be mistaken for it. 7. Alcoholism. — A degrading vice for which the person is responsible. Cured by total abstinence. Tonics, as Quinine, Pepsine, etc. In delirium tremens, Ammonia, Ether, Valerian, Morphia, Hydrate of Chloral. Laxatives, etc. 8. Insanity (mania, monomania, dementia, or idiocy). — Best of mind. Sleep. Attend to functional de- rangement. 9. Headache. — Treat according as it is organic, ple- thoric, bilious or nervous. Intermittent hemicrania requires Quinine, etc. 10. Paralysis. — May be general, hemiplegic, para- plegic, local, rheumatic, from mercury, from lead, shaking palsy, progressive muscular atrophy, or progressive locomotor ataxy. Each variety re- quires careful study. Most cases need Tonics. 11. Epilepsy. — In the fit, loosen dress, protect the tongue by a cork, etc. Cold affusion to head. In INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 21 the interval, Bromide of Potassium. Quinine. Iron. Zinc. Ice bags to spine, etc. 12. Aphasia (derangement of speech, often sudden, and with no real loss of intellect). — Recovery spontaneous if no hemiplegia, otherwise generally hopeless. Iod. Potass. Female Diseases. 1. Vulval Disease. — Pruritus often needs general treatment and lotions of Acet. Plumbi, Borax, Morphia, and Glycerine, etc. Tumors require Surgery. Vulvitis needs cleanliness, hip-baths, Alum or lead lotions, morphia, etc. Infantile leu- corrhoea is often strumous. 2. Vaginal Disease. — Occlusion, prolapsus, and tu- mors require Surgery. Vaginitis is acute or chronic. The first needs hot hip-baths, warm in- jections, pessaries of oxide of zinc and belladonna, or acetate of lead and opium, etc. The chronic (leucorrhoea), mineral acids, Quinine, Iron, astrin- gent applications, as Tannin, etc., Nit. Silver in solution, or Carbolic acid in Glycerine (gr. 10 to 5J). 3. Uterine Disease. — Cancer, displacements, tumors, etc., are surgical. Ulceration of the os needs various treatment. Extent, etc., ascertained with speculum. Nit. Silver in substance — sometimes passed in the neck. Pessaries of Iod. Lead, Bella- donna, Tannin, etc. Tonics. — In Menorrhagia, ice in vagina or over pubes; injections of Tannin, etc. ; Tampon ; Acet. Lead, Opium, Alum, Nut- 22 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. meg, Cinnamon, Sulph. Acid, etc. — Metritis — Repose, low diet, hot hip-baths, Opium and bella- donna pessaries, Sinapisms to epigastrium, Ice, etc. 4. Ovarian Disease. — Dropsical tumor may need ovariotomy ; drugs worse than useless. Ovaritis treated same as Metritis. If abscess points in vagina open with trocar or bistoury. Chronic ovaritis is often tedious. Iod. Potass., Bromide of Ammonium, Iron, Quinine, etc. Fevers. 1. Continued Fevers. — 1. Simple continued fever — indications are to moderate arterial excitement by saline laxatives, rest, and diet ; to support the sys- tem when it flags ; to obviate local inflammation and congestion, and to relieve urgent symptoms as they arise. 2. Typhus. Ventilation, disinfectants, etc. Tepid sponging. Cold to head. Beef tea. Stimulants, etc. Quinine, Iron, and Mineral acids during convalescence. 3. Typhoid — term often used improperly. Should be restricted to enteric fever. Treat similar to Typhus, but avoid aperi- ents, and treat diarrhoea with astringents and opium. 4. Relapsing. Amends on 5th or 7th day and re- lapses about 14th. See simple fever. 2. Intermittent Fevers. — Quinine in the intermission. The chief types are Quotidian, Tertian, and Quar- tan. 3. Remittent Fevers. — Treatment same as Intermit- tent. In the severest form, or Yellow fever, treat INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 23 as Typhoid. Avoid Ammonia, and be cautious with Alcohol. 4. Eruptive Fevers. — 1. Roseolae. Sometimes simu- lates measles, sometimes scarlatina. Citrate of magnesia. Warm baths, etc. 2. Measles. Rash in blotches. Catarrh, etc. Milk diet. Castor oil. Inunction, etc. Watch pulmonary complications. 3. Scarlet fever. Acetate and Carbonate of Am- monia, Inunction, Stimulants, Tonics, etc. Watch sequelae, as ulceration of tonsils, abscess of ear, anasarca, Albuminuria, etc. 4. Chicken-pox. Eruption of pimples which on second day are transparent vesicles, forming scabs on fourth day. Pyrexia slight 5. Small-pox. Incubation 12 days, then fever and great backache, and in 48 hours an eruption of small red pimples which in a week in- flame and suppurate. — In simple cases the less drugging the better. In cases of depression Qui- nine, Stimulants, etc. Vaccination. Incubation. ErupUon. Fading. Measles 10-14 days. 4th day. 7th day of fever. Scarlet fever 4-6 " 2d " 5th " Small-pox 12 u 2d " Scabs on 9th or 10th fall off about 14th. 6. Erysipelas. Tincture of perchloride of iron. Quinine. Fomentations. Solution of Sulphate of iron. Nit. Silver, etc. Heart Diseases. Pericarditis known by friction sounds, etc. Endocarditis by bellows murmur, etc. Valvular 24 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. disease by bellows or musical murmur — if syn- chronous with pulse and most audible at apex, mitral disease; if not synchronous and most audible over sternum and aorta, aortal disease. Hypertrophy leads to increased impulse, dyspnoea, palpitation, etc. Dilatation produces debility. Functional derangement of heart from hysteria, anaemia, neuralgia, etc., very common. Require** Antispasmodics, Ether, Ammonia, etc. Intestinal Diseases. 1. Colic — from indigestion and flatulence, Ether. Ammonia. Brandy. Vomiting. Purging. Cas- tor oil and laudanum — from mineral poison, Sulphate Magnesia, Sulphuric Acid, etc. 2. Diarrhoea. — Castor oil and laudanum. Calomel, etc. Afterwards Astringents, etc. 3. Obstruction. — Castor oil. Croton oil. Enema. Fomentations. Manipulation. 4. Duodenal Dyspepsia. — Pain, faintness, etc., about three hours after eating. Mercury. Nitromuriatic acid, etc. 5. Enteritis. — Rest. Opium. Calomel. Fomenta- tions, etc. 6. Dysentery. — Rest. Demulcent drinks. Farina- ceous food. Poultices. Castor oil. Opiate enema and suppositories. Bismuth. Gallic *acid, etc. 7. Cholera. — Isolation. Disinfectants. (Carbolic acid?) Sinapisms. Stimulants, etc. 8. Hemorrhoids. — External, should be excised. In- INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 25 ternal removed by ligature. Attention to digestion, and laxatives relieve. Kidney Diseases. 1. Nephritis. — Hot hip-baths. Fomentations. Mild aperients. Diaphoretics, etc. 2. Chronic Nephritis ( Bright' s disease, etc.). — Ex- amine urine for Albumen. See Urcemia. 3. Diabetes. — See Glucohcemia. 4. Chylous urine. — Gallic acid. Iron, etc. 5. Hcematuria. — Examine cause. Tinct. Iron. Gal- lic acid. Ice to loins, perineum, etc. Laryngeal and Tracheal Diseases. 1. Aphonia. — Functional: Quinine, Iron, Nux Vomica, etc. Organic: Nit. Silver. Spray of astringent fluids, etc. 2. Laryngitis. — Acute : Antiphlogistic treatment. Warm moist air. Inhalation of stramonium, belladonna, etc. Tracheotomy. Chronic: Nit. Silver. Inhalation of medicated spray. Alter- atives. Tonics. 3. Laryngismus stridulus. — In paroxysm, warm bath with cold affusion to head and face. Chloroform, etc. 4. Dysphonia clericorum (Follicular disease of phar- yngo-laryngeal membrane — often nervous"). — Quinine and Iron. Cold shower-baths. Iod. Potass. Iodohydrargyrate of Potass. Inhalation of atomized alterative or astringent fluids. Spong- 26 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. ing the larynx with Nit. Silver (40-60 grs. of crystals to gj Water). Excise tonsils. 5. Diphtheria (Exudation of false membrane with low fever). — Inhalation of acid vapor. Solution of hydrochloric acid, chlorinated water, nitrate of silver, etc. Tinct. Iron and Quinine. Chlorate Potass. Ice, etc. Sometimes Tracheotomy. 6. Croup. — Spasmodic : Warm bath, Emetics. Membranous : Emetics, Calomel. Belladonna to throat outside. Inhalations of warm vinegar, etc. Tracheotomy. Liver Diseases. 1. Hepatic congestion. — Passive : Sulphate and Citrate Magnesia. Senna. Taraxacum, etc. Active : Podophyllum. Nitro-hydrochloric acid. Aloes, Senna, and Jalap, etc. 2. Hepatitis. — Rest in bed. Fomentations. Re- stricted diet. Sulphate of Soda and Taraxacum. Opium, etc. When chronic: Mtro-hydrochloric acid. Hydrochlorate of Ammonia, etc. 3. Biliary calculi. — Hot baths. Fomentations. Morphia. Chloroform. Castor oil, etc. 4. Jaundice. — From suppression: Sulphate of Soda and Taraxacum. Podophyllum. Hydrochlorate of Ammonia, etc. From obstruction: Podo- phyllum. Aloes. Croton oil. Sulphate of Mag- nesia. Fel Bovinum, etc. Lung Diseases. 1. Catarrh. — Warm bath. Dover's powder. Purge. I INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 27 2. Influenza. — Rest. Diet of slops. Inhalation of vapor, Iodine or Belladonna spray. Sulphate Magnesia and Senna. Diaphoretic mixture. Quinine, etc., after. 3. Bronchitis. — Acute : see above. — Chronic, to be treated according to its nature; If secretion ex- cessive : Alum, Squills, Ammonia, etc. Inhala- tion of atomized fluids. 4. Hooping-cough. — Ipecac, if much mucus. Senega. Nitric acid. Tinct. Aconite (1-2 minims). Belladonna liniment to spine. Alum and gin- ger, etc. 5. Asthma. — During paroxysm, a stimulant emetic or enema. Ammonia and Ether. Stimulants. Tobacco. Datura Tatula cigars. Nitre-paper fumes, etc. In interval, tonics, shower-bath, etc. Inhalation of spray. 6. Emphysema. — Invigorating diet, warm clothing. Carb. Ammonia. Ether. Quinine. Iron. Stra- monium smoking. Warm climate, etc. 7. Pleurisy. — Rest. Fomentations. Cupping. Ape- rients. Opium. Aconite. Cream of Tartar. Qui- nine, etc. 8. Pleurodynia (neuralgic pain in side). — Bella- donna and opium liniment. Sinapisms, etc. 9. Pneumonia. — Acute : Rest. Moist air. Acetate of Ammonia. Opium. Tartarized Antimony. Veratrum viride. Fomentations, etc. Chronic: lod. Potass. Iod. Iron. Hydrochlorate Ammo- nia. Cod-liver oil, etc. 28 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 10. Pulmonary gangrene. — Ammonia. Quinine. Iron, etc. 11. Phthisis. — Nutritious animal food. Stimulants. Cod-liver oil. Iron. Quinine. Inhalations, etc. 12. Haemoptysis. — Mineral acids. Opium. Inhala- tion of perchloride of Iron. Alum, etc. Stomach Diseases. 1. Dyspepsia. — Invigorating means. Rest. Early hours. Sea-bathing. Disuse of tobacco and alco- hol. Avoid indigestible food. Pepsin. Iron. Oxgall. Nitro-hydrochloric acid. Bismuth. Quinine, etc. Bismuth, Bicarb. Soda, etc., for gastralgia. Cod-liver oil, etc., for bulimia. 2. Gastritis. — Acute : Ice. Enema. Morphia. Fomentations. Great care in diet. Chronic: Low diet. Ice. Bismuth, etc. 3. Gastric catarrh ("bilious attack" — "sick head- ache"). — Seidlitz powders. Rhubarb. Ipecac. Mercury and chalk. Sulphite of Soda. Bis- muth, etc. 4. Hoematemesis. — Rest. Ice. Alum. Tinct. Iron. Quinine and Iron, etc. Enema of beef tea and brandy. Venereal Diseases. 1. Balanitis. — Cleanliness. Astringent lotions, etc. 2. Gonorrhoea. — Acute: Rest. Active purgatives. Mild astringent injections. Camphor (5 grs.) and belladonna (^ gr.) pill at bedtime for chord ee. INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 29 Oil of yellow sandalwood, etc. Chronic (gleet) : Temperance. Infusion of uva ursi. Injections of infusion of Hydrastis Canadensis, Alum, Tannin, etc. Lallemand's porte-caustic. Tonics, etc. 3. Syphilis, — 1. Primary. For indurated chancre, a mercurial course. Soft chancres, caustic of acid nitrate of mercury, Monsel's salts. Astringent lotions. Iron tonics and nourishing food. Pha~ gedenic chancre: soothing lotions and poultices. Iron. Iod. Potass, and Sarsaparilla. Sloughing chancre: fomentations and poultices. Opium. Nourishment. Stimulants. 2. Constitutional: light nutritious diet. Warm baths. Blue pill. Calomel. Iodide of Mercury. Iodide of Potass., etc. VI. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MEDICINES WITH THEIR USES, DOSES, ETC. ABSINTHE. A compound French liqueur, consisting of alcohol, oil of wormwood, anise, etc. Effects more deleterious than alcohol, tending to epileptiform con- vulsions. ABSINTHIUM. Wormwood. (Artemisia absinthium.) Tonic, antispasmodic, anthelmintic, discutient, antiseptic. Use. In intermittents, dyspepsia, gout, hypochon- driasis, dropsy, and epilepsy not depending on or- ganic changes. Clysters of the decoction are useful in ascarides. Dose. In substance, 9j to Qij. Infusion (gvj to water Oj) f^vj to f^xij, three or four times a day. Incompatible. Sulphates of iron and of zinc; ace- tate and diacetate of lead, nitrate of silver. ACACIA. Gum Arabic. (A. vera.) Demulcent, nutritious. Use. In catarrh, pertussis, ardor urinse, etc. Mucilage of Gum Arabic is often employed as a vehicle for other substances. To render them mis- cible, oils require three-fourths of their own weight, balsams and spermaceti equal parts, resin two parts, and musk five times its weight. 30 ACE 31 Dose. In substance, gss. to gij. In decoctions, ad libitum. Incomp. Goulard's extract, alcohol, sulphuric ether, tincture of muriate of iron. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM. Striped Maple. Use. A decoction of bark in cutaneous affections, and of the leaves and twigs to relieve vomiting. ACETIC ETHER. Stimulant and antispasmodic. Externally, for rheumatic pain. Dose. 15 to 30 drops. ACETUM. Vinegar. Refrigerant, diaphoretic, antiseptic, astringent; externally, stimulant, and discutient. Use. In febrile complaints and scorbutus; it has been supposed to counteract the effects of opium and other narcotics, after the stomach has been com- pletely cleared ; but this is a mistake, and it should never be employed in such cases ; steam of it inhaled in putrid sore throats and in scurvy ; as a lotion in bruises, sprains, burns, and chronic ophthalmia. Antilithic, where the triple phosphates abound in the urine ; diluted with water, it forms the best means of cleansing the eye of small particles of lime. Vinegar is considered to be better adapted to ex- tract the virtues of some vegetables than alcohol, and the list of such preparations might be enlarged with benefit. Vinegar whey is made by stirring a small wine- glassful of vinegar and a dessert-spoonful of sugar in a pint of milk ; boil 15 minutes and strain. Used as a drink in fevers. Dose, f£j to f^iv. In clysters, fgj to flij. Lotion. R. Aceti fgj, Spiritus Ten. f£iv, Aquae f§viij. ACETUM AROMATICUM. Aromatic Vinegar. See Acidum Aceticum Arom. ACETUM CANTHARIDIS. Vinegar of Canthar- 32 ACE ides. Cantharid. §ij in Acid Acet. Oj. Macerate 8 days. A prompt vesicant. ACETUM COLOHICI. Vinegar of Meadow Saffron. Colchici cormi recent, concisi gj. Aceti dist. f^xvj. Spir. ten. fgj. Use. In ascites, hydro thorax, and gout. Incomp. Alkalies, earths, alkaline and earthy carbonates, sulphuric acid. Dose. fgss. to f%j, in any bland fluid. ACETUM DESTILLATUM. Distilled Vinegar. (Distil one gallon of vinegar on a sand-bath, in a glass retort and receiver. Reserve the first seven pints for use.) Refrigerant, slightly astringent. Use. The same as that of vinegar; chiefly for pharmaceutical purposes. It is used in the form of vapor for purposes of fumigation, but it has no efficacy in destroying contagious or infectious matter. It is also a good addition in refrigerating lotions containing acetate of lead. Dose, fgj to fjiv. ACETUM LOBELIA. Vinegar of Lobelia. Lo- belia in powder giv, Dilute Acetic Acid Oij. Made by percolation or maceration. Dose. 30-60 drops, as antispasmodic, f^ss. as emetic. ACETUM OPII. Vinegar of Opium. Black drop. R. Coarsely powdered opium gv, Nutmeg ^i, Sugar §viii, Dilute Acetic Acid q. s. Macerate with 1 pint of the dilute acid 24 hours, percolate, and add acid to make two pints. Narcotic. Use. A substitute for tincture of opium ; it is less likely to affect the brain than the tincture. Dose, H^vij to Tflpx. ACETUM SANGUINARLE. Vinegar of Blood- root. Sanguinar. pulv. giv, Acid. acet. dil. Oij. aci 33 Dose. Wxv-TTPxxx as alterative expectorant. ACETUM SCILL^E. Vinegar of Squill. Powdered squill §iv, Dilute Acetic Acid q. s. Percolate 2 pints, or macerate for seven days, express and filter. Diuretic, expectorant, emetic, in large doses pur- gative. Use. In dropsies, asthma, and chronic catarrh. Dose. ItPxv-gi, in cinnamon water or mint water. ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM. Milfoil. Yarrow. Mild aromatic, astringent. Dose. Used in infusion, or 20 drops of volatile oil. ACIDUM ACETICUM. Acetic Acid. Stimulant, rubefacient, escharotic. Use. Applied to the nostrils in syncope, asphyxia, and headache ; destroys corns and warts. Incomp. Alkalies, earths, alkaline and earthy carbonates. ACIDUM ACETICUM AKOMATICUM. Aromatic Vinegar. (Rosmarini sic. folior. Origani. sing. §j. Lavandulae sic. giv. Caryophyllorum cont. gss. Acidi Acetici Ojss. Macerate seven days, and filter the expressed liquor through paper.) Odor, pungent and aromatic. Use. As a grateful perfume in sick-rooms. ACIDUM ACETICUM CAMPHORATUM. Acid. Acet. f^x. Camph. §j. Alcohol f£j. ACIDUM ACETICUM DILUTUM. Diluted Acetic Acid. (1 part to 7 parts of water.) 100 grs. are saturated by 7.6 grains of crystallized Bicarb, of Potassa. ACIDUM ABSENIOSUM. Arsenious Acid. (See p. 12.) Use. To prepare the arsenical solution. (See Liquor Arsenicalis.) 3 34 aci ACIDUM BENZOICUM. Benzoic Acid. Stimulant ; as an expectorant, doubtful ; errhine. Use. In chronic catarrh, but of very little effi- cacy. Dose. Grs. x to gss. ACIDUM CARBAZOTICUM. Picric Acid. Formed by the action of Nitric acid on animal and vegetable substances. Use. Tonic, astringent, antiperiodic. ACIDUM CAKBOLICUM. Carbolic Acid. Phenic Acid. Phenol. A hydrated oxide of phenyl, produced in the manufacture of coal-gas. It has the taste and smell of Creasote. A most complete disinfectant. Use. In Surgery a mixture of Carbolic Acid and Oil, etc., has been found of great use in arresting the formation of pus, etc. A solution of 2-10 grs. to §j Water has also been of benefit as a lotion, gargle, etc., in putrid and eruptive diseases. It is one of the most valuable contributions of modern science. Glycerin is an excellent menstruum for either in- ternal or external use. Dose. 1-2 drops of liquefied acid ; or 1 gr. to grs. iv to §j water by means of the atomizer ; or 1 part in 4 to 8 for external use. ACIDUM CHROMICUM. Chromic Acid. Crystallized from a mixture of Bichromate of Potass, and Sulphuric acid. Use. As an eschar otic. ACIDUM CITBICUM. Citric Acid. Refrigerant, antiseptic. Use. In febrile and inflammatory complaints, and scorbutus ; and dissolved in water, "instead of recent lemon-juice, for the effervescing draught. (Propor- tion, gixss. to water Oj.) aci 35 Dose. Grs. x to gss., dissolved in water or any bland fluid. Incomp. Sulphuric acid, nitric acid, acetate of lead, nitrate and acetate of mercury, alkalies, alka- line sulphurets. ACIDUM GALLICUM. Gallic Acid. Astringent. Use. In uterine and vesical hemorrhages. Dose. Grs. v to xv. ACIDUM HYDEIODICUM DILUTUM. Diluted Hydriodic Acid. An aqueous solution of the acid gas. Use. Same as Iodine. Dose, f^ diluted with water, etc. ACIDUM HYDKOCHLCRICUM. (Acidum Muri- aticum, U. S.) Tonic, antiseptic, diuretic. Use. In typhus; cutaneous eruptions; in gargles in inflammatory and putrid sore throat; in injections in gonorrhoea. Incomp. Alkalies, earths, and their carbonates ; metallic oxides, sulplmret of potassium, tartrate of potassa, tartar emetic, and most metallic salts. ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM DILUTUM. Di- luted Hydrochloric Acid. (Acidi Hydrochlorici f§iv, Aquae destillatae f^xij.) f^j should saturate grs. 32 of crystallized carbonate of soda. Dose. TTPx to ITPxx, properly diluted ; in gargles, f^ss. to f^ij in f^vj of fluid ; injection, TTpviij, to water f^iv. ACIDUM HYDROCYAXICUM DILUTUM. Di- luted Hydrocyanic Acid. Cyano Hydric Acid, Prussic Acid. (Potassi Ferrocyanidi 3 i j . Acidi Sulpli. 5Jss., Aq. Dist. Oiss.) (Prussic Acid may be prepared for immediate use in the following manner : Take of Cvanide of Silver 36 aci grs. 50 J, Muriatic acid grs. 41. Distilled Water ;fj. Mix the muriatic acid with the distilled water, add the cyanide of silver, and shake the whole in a well- stopped vial. When the insoluble matter has sub- sided, pour off the clear liquor and keep it for use.) Sedative, antispasmodic. Use. In spasmodic coughs, asthma, hooping-cough, nervous affections, hiccough, palpitation of the heart, and in allaying the irritability of the stomach in dyspepsia. Prussic acid may be employed with great benefit in cases of chronic neuralgic affections of the stomach. It should be given in increased doses, till some physiological effects are produced ; then continued in rather a diminished quantity. As a . local application, properly diluted, it is useful in abating the itching in Impetigo and pruriginous affections. Dose. Wij gradually increased to Wv in a glass- ful of water, almond emulsion, or infusion of cin- chona. When an overdose has been taken, the effects are best counteracted by ammonia, chlorine, brandy, and the cold affusion. Incomp. Metallic oxides, chlorine. ACIDUM LACTICUM. Lactic Acid. Use. In dyspepsia, and phosphatic deposits. Dose, gi to giij in sweetened solution, or in con- nection with pepsin. ACIDUM NITRICUM. Nitric Acid. Tonic, antiseptic, antisyphilitic, escharotic. Use. The strong acid is seldom used for any other than pharmaceutical purposes ; in the form of vapor is extracted from nitre giv, and sulphuric acid giv, in a saucer, placed on a pipkin of hot sand, for the purpose of fumigation. Incomp. Spirit of lavender and the strong tinc- tures, in any large quantity ; and the essential oils ; metallic oxides. aci 37 ACIDUM NITRICUM DILUTUM. Dilufe 1 Nitric Acid. Use. As a drink, diluted largely, in fevers of the typhoid kind; in chronic affections of the liver, attended with a redundant and hasty formation of bile, and in dyspepsia. It is also very useful in the cure of old ulcerated legs. Dose, tt\,x to n^xx in.f§iij of water, twice or thrice a day. ACIDUM NITRO - MURIATIC OI. Nitro-muriatic Acid. (Acidi Nitrici, mensura, partem iij ; Acidi Muriatici, mensura, partes v. Mix them in a vessel kept cool, and preserve the mixture in a well-stopped bottle, in a cool, 'obscure place.) Stimulant, antiseptic. Use. Largely diluted, it has been strongly recom- mended in malignant scarlatina, in chronic affections of the liver, and in syphilis ; and still more diluted as a bath, in chronic derangement of the hepatic secretion, which it improves, and acts gently on the bowels. Dose. TT^vi to rr^x, in fgiij of water, twice or thrice a day. When used as a bath, the mixed acid should be added to the water until it tastes as sour as weak vinegar. Incomp. Oxides, earths, alkalies, the sulphurets, and the acetates of potassa and of lead. ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. Sulphuric Acid. Escharotic, stimulant, rubefacient, tonic, astringent, refrigerant. Use. In local pains, ill the form of an ointment made of lard gj ; sulphuric acid ^j ; and in scabies with gss. of the acid to the lard 5J. ACIDUM SULPHURICUM AROMATICUM. Aro- matic Sulphuric Acid. Elixir of Vitriol. Sulphuric acid 6 oz., Ginger 1 oz., Cinnamon 1 J oz. 38 aci Add the acid gradually to 1 pint Alcohol. Mix the Ginger and Cinnamon, and percolate with Alcohol to a pint of tincture. Then mix the dilute acid and tincture. Use. In dyspepsia ; the debility following inter- mittents, and other fevers, combined with vegetable bitters ; and in chronic asthma. Dose. n\x to rr^xxx in fluids, twice or thrice a day. ACIDUM SULPHUKICUM DILUTUM. Diluted Sulphuric Acid. (Acidi Sulphurici f^iss. Aquae destillatse fgxivss. Mix gradually, and filter.) Tonic, astringent, refrigerant. Use. In dyspepsia, diabetes, menorrhagia, hae- moptysis, cutaneous eruptions, hectic ; in gargles, in cynanche, and to check salivation. Sulphuric acid is an excellent tonic, and also possesses refrigerant and astringent properties, rendering it a valuable remedy in cases where we wish to avoid diarrhoea. In cases of low and hectic fever, attended with copious per- spiration, it is very beneficial, as well as in haema- temesis. It is also useful conjoined with saline ape- rients, when the urine has a tendency to phosphatic depositions, attended with loss of appetite, impaired digestion, foul tongue, etc. It is usually given with some bitter infusion, as cascarilla, columbo, cinchona, quassia, etc. Dose. TT^x to rr\,xx largely diluted; in gargles fgj to f^iij in ^viij of fluid. ACIDUM SULPHUROSUM. Sulphurous Acid. Use. In parasitic skin diseases, in lotion with 2 or 3 measures of glycerin or water. The sulphite of soda better for internal use. ACIDUM TANNICUM. Tannic Acid. (Tannin.) Use. Tannic acid may be advantageously employed in all the passive hemorrhages, especially menor- ADE 39 rhagia; also in diarrhoea, where we wish simply an astringent effect. It possesses a great advantage over most other astringents, from the smallness of dose in which it may be given, and from its being less liable to irritate the stomach and bowels. Dose. From 2 to 4 grs. every three hours. ACIDUM TARTARICUM. Tartaric Acid. Refrigerant, antiseptic. Use. In inflammatory affections, fevers, and scor- butus. Dose. Gr. x to Jfss. dissolved in water. Incomp. Alkalies and their carbonates, all the salts of potassa. ACIDUM VALERIANICUM. Valerianic Acid. Dose. Gtt. v-xv as a nervine. ACONITIA. Use. Externally counter-irritant ; too poisonous to be used internallv. ACONITI FOLIA ET RADIX. Aconite. {Aeonitum Napellus.) Narcotic, sudorific, antiphlogistic. Use. In chronic rheumatism, scrofula, scirrhus, palsy, amaurosis, and venereal nodes. Aconite is a very powerful topical remedy, in the form of tincture, in cases of rheumatism and neuralgia. Dose. Gr. j, gradually increased to gr. v, twice or thrice a day; of the extract, from gr. ss. to gr. j, of the tincture from 10 to 40 drops, gradually in- creased. ACT^EA. Baneberry. White and red Cohosh. Root purgative and emetic. ADANSONIA DIGITATA. Baobab. Mucilaginous, diaphoretic. Used in miasmatic diseases of West Indies, in decoction of leaves and bark to 1 pint, to be taken in a day. ADEPS. Lard. 40 aju Emollient. Use. In ointments, etc. ADIANTUM PEDATUM. Maidenhair. An indigenous fern, bitter, aromatic, used in pec- toral affections. JESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM. Horse-chestnut. The bark has been substituted for cinchona ; but it is uncertain. ^THEE SULPHURICUS. Sulphuric Ether. # Diffusible stimulant, narcotic, antispasmodic; ex- ternally refrigerant. Pure washed sulphuric ether preferable to chloro- form for ansesthetic purposes. It may be inhaled from a sponge. Use. Hysteria, asthma, tetanus, epilepsy, and other spasmodic complaints; externally in headache, and dropped into the meatus in earache ; it has also been used in burns. Dose. n\,xx to fgj in f^xij water, or other fluid. AGARIC. Spunk. Touchwood. Product of a fungus, the Boletus. The Boletus of the larch has been used as cathartic, that from the oak as styptic. AGAVE AMERICANA. American aloe. Diuretic and antisyphilitic. Mexican Pulque is the fermented juice of this plant. A species called A. Virginica has been used for bites of serpents. AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA. Common Agrimony. Astringent, in passive hemorrhages, etc. Dose. ^j or more in powder or infusion. AILANTHUS GLANDULOSA. Used as a vermifuge in tape-worm. Dose. 8 to 30 grs. of powdered bark. AJUGA CHAM^EPITYS. Ground pine. Stimulant, balsamic, diuretic, aperient. ALC 41 Dose, ^j-gij of powdered leaves, or in an infusion of wine. AKAZGA. Boundou. An African ordeal poison, similar to Nux Vomica. ALCHEMILLA VULGAE1S. Ladies' mantle. Astringent. Used in diarrhoea. ALCOHOL. Alcohol. Stimulant (powerful and diffusible), sedative. Use. Scarcely ever used internally in its pure state, "but sometimes advantageously in a highly diluted form ; in cases of debility and low fevers ; externally as a fomentation in muscular pains ; to burns ; and to restrain hemorrhages. The use of alcohol as a medicine has been much diminished within the last ten years. It is found unsuited to a great majority of cases of disease, and when employed, too often in- ducing an artificial appetite not easily overcome. From its strong attraction for water, it causes thick- ening or scirrhus of the stomach, and an indurated state of the liver ; and from its powerful effects upon the nervous system, it induces epilepsy, tremors, coma, mania, and death. For these reasons, and that we have useful substitutes, it should seldom be prescribed. ALCOHOL AMYLICUM. Fusel oil. An active irritant poison, obtained from too long continued distillation of grain, etc. ALCOHOL DILUTUM. Dilute Alcohol. Spiritus tenuior. Alcohol and water, equal parts. ALCOHOL, METHYLIC. Spiritus Pyroxilicus. Wood Naphtha. Used in the arts, etc., as a cheap substitute for Alcohol. Has been considered narcotic and sedative in doses of 10 to 40 drops, diluted, 3 times a day. 42 ALN ALCORNOQUE. A bark from S. America. Astringent. Febrifuge. Dose. 30 grs. of powder. ALETEIS. Star-grass. (A. farinosa.) An intense bitter, tonic, stomachic. Use. In rheumatism and dropsy. Dose. Of powder 10 grs., fluid extract 10 to 30 drops. ALEURITES TRILOBA. A widely-diffused tropi- cal plant, whose oil has been proposed as a substitute for Castor oil. It is known in Jamaica as Spanish walnut oil, and in the Sandwich Islands as Kukui oil. ALISMA PLANTAGO. Water plantain. Root has been used in epilepsy, chorea, and hydro- phobia, in doses of powder from 10 grs. upwards. ALKANET. Boot of Anchusa tinctoria. Used chiefly as a coloring material. ALLIARIA OFFICINALIS. Hedge garlic. Diuretic, diaphoretic, and expectorant. ALLIUM. Garlic Bulbs. (A. sativum.) Stimulant, diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue, diaphoretic, and anthelmintic ; extremely rubefacient, maturient, and repellent. Use. In cold leucophlegmatic habits, dropsy, rheumatalgia, humoral asthma, and hysteria. In- termittents have been cured by it. The juice dropped into the ear, in atonic deafness, is a very effectual remedy ; and it is also beneficial in herpetic erup- tions, formed with oil into an ointment. A poultice of it over the pubis has been found useful in atony of the bladder. Dose. One to six cloves, swallowed without chew- ing, twice or thrice a day. Of the juice f£ss. to f^ij mixed with sugar or syrup. In pills with soap or calomel, gr. xx to ^ij. ALNUS RUBRA. Tag Alder. ALU 43 Alterative, emetic, astringent. Use. In scrofula, secondary syphilis, etc. Dose, Of fluid extract f£j to f^ij. ALOE. Peculiar bitter principle (Aloin). Cathartic, warm and stimulating, emmenagogue, anthelmintic, stomachic ; hurtful in hemorrhoids. Aloes act chiefly on the large intestines, and pro- duce catharsis by increasing the peristaltic muscular action, and not by increasing the secretions. Dose. To act as a cathartic, gr. ij to gr. x ; as an emmenagogue, gr. j to gr. ij, twice or thrice a day. ALTELEJE FOLIA ET BADIX. Marshmallow Leaves and Koot (A. officinalis.) Emollient, lubricating, demulcent. Use. In pulmonary and intestinal affections; ardor urinse; calculus; externally in fomentations, clyster, and gargles. ALUMEN. Alum. Astringent; and in large doses laxative, emetic. Use. In hemorrhages, leucorrhoea, croup, hooping- cough, etc. ; externally in relaxation of the uvula, ophthalmia, gleet, and fluor albus. Dose. Gr. x to Qj in powder, or in whey, made with gij of the powder, to Oj of hot milk, a teacupful occasionally; in gargles £ss. in f§iv. of fluid; in collyria and injections gr. xij in f§ v j of rose water. A saturated solution is a useful styptic. Alum Curd is a good cooling external application in ophthalmia and other diseases ; made by beating up the white of an egg with a piece of alum till it forms a coagulum. Incomp. Potassa and potassse carbonas, sodse car- bonas, ammonia, lime, magnesia, acetate of lead, in- fusion of galls. ALUMEX EXSICCATUM. Dried Alum. (Melt the alum in an earthen vessel over the fire, until the ebullitions cease.) 44 AMM Escharotic. Use. To destroy fungus in ulcers; internally in colic. Dose. Gr. iv to xij. ALUMINA SULPHAS. Sulphate of Alumina. Used externally, as astringent and antiseptic. AMARANTHUS HYPOCHONDRIAC US. Prince's Feather. Leaves astringent. AMBERGRIS. Antispasmodic. Dose. 5 grs. to ^j. AMBROSIA TRIFIDA. Ragweed. Astringent, tonic. AMMONIACUM. Gum Ammoniac. (Dorema ammo- niacum. ) Expectorant, antispasmodic, discutient, resolvent. Use. In asthma and chronic catarrh ; visceral ob- structions, and obstinate colic from viscid matters lodged in the intestines ; externally in scirrhous tumors and white swelling of the joints. Dose. Gr. x to ^ss. in pills, with squill, myrrh, etc., or in emulsion. See Mist. Ammoniaci. AMMONITE ARSENIAS. Arseniate of Ammonia. Use. In inveterate skin disease. Dose. 20 drops of solution of 1 gr. to f §j Dest. ^Vater. AMMONLE BENZOAS. Benzoate of Ammonia. Diuretic. Dose. Gr. xv to gr. xxx. AMMONIA BICARBONAS. Bicarbonate of Am- monia. Antacid. Similar to Bicarbonate of Soda, but more stimulant. AMMONITE BORAS. Biborate of Ammonia. Use. In chronic catarrh of bladder. A M M 45 Dose. 10 to 20 grs. in water, often repeated; AMMONITE CAEBONAS. Sesquicarbonate of Am- monia. Stimulant, antacid, diaphoretic, antispasmodic. Use. In hysteria, dyspepsia, chronic rheumatism ; applied to the nostrils in syncope. .Dose. Gr. v to ^j in pills, or any bland fluid. Gr. xxx are an emetic. Incomp. Acids, potassa rasa, liquor potassse, mag- nesia, carbonates, alum, chloride of calcium, bitar- tras and bisulphas of potassse, salts of iron, with the exception of the potassio-tartrate ; bichloride of mercury, salts of lead, sulphate of zinc, sulphate of quinia. AMMONITE MUEIAS. Hydrochlorate of Ammonia. Sal Ammoniac. Aperient, diuretic; externally to produce cold during its solution ; stimulant. Use. Externally while dissolving, to abate the heat and pain of inflammation; to allay headache; in lotion, composed of the salt §j, alcohol f5J, water f^ix, to indolent tumors, gangrene, scabies, and chilblains. Has been used internally in doses of grs. ij to grs. v, with Ext. Taraxaci and Ehei, as a sub- stitute for Calomel in hepatic disease. Dose. Gr. v to gss. Incomp. Sulphuric and nitric acids, acetate of lead, potassa, carbonates of soda and potassa, lime. AMMONliE PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Ammonia. Use. In gout and rheumatism. Dose. Gr. x to xl, 3 or 4 times a day, in a table- spoonful of water. AMMONITE VALEEIANAS. Valerianate of Am- monia. Use. In neuralgia, chorea, epilepsy, etc. Dose. 2 to 8 grs., in water, or in pills. 46 ANE AMMONII BROMIDUM. Bromide of Ammonium. Use. Similar to Bromide of potassium. Thought to influence the ganglionic functions. Dose. 2 grs. to 20 grs. AMMONII IODIDUM. Iodide of Ammonium. Used externally as a substitute for Iodine. AMPELOPSIS QUINQUEFOLIA. Virginia Creeper. Alterative, tonic, expectorant. Used in decoction or infusion. AMYGDALAE AMAILE ET DULCIS. Bitter and Sweet Almonds. (A. communis.) Demulcent, the bitter is sedative. Use. In inflammatory complaints ; and as a vehi- cle for more active remedies. AMYLUM. Starch. Demulcent, nutritious. Use. In dysentery, tenesmus, and ulceration of the rectum, in the form of a clyster ; it is the common vehicle for exhibiting opium per anum. The decoc- tion of starch is made by boiling, for a short time, giv starch in Oj water, previously mixing them grad- ually while the water is cold. ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE. Cashew-nut. Juice used in the W. Indies for cure of corns, etc. ANAGALLIS ARVENSIS. Scarlet Pimpernel. Used as preventive of hydrophobia, etc. Uncer- tain. ANCHUSA OFFICINALIS. Bugloss. Used in France similarly to Borage. ANDROMEDA ARBOREA. Sorrel-tree. Acid leaves form a refrigerant decoction in fevers. ANEMONE PRATENSIS. Meadow Anemone. Used in ophthalmia and catarrhal inflammations. Dose. Of powder 2 or 3 grs. Tincture f gss. A. pulsatilla is a favorite homceopathic remedy. ANETHUM. Dill Seed. {A. graveolens.) Stimulant, carminative. ANT 47 Use. In flatulent colic, and hiccough, particularly in infants. Dose. Gr. x to 3j. ANGELICA. Aromatic tonic. Dose. Of root or. seeds, 30 grs. to gj. ANGUSTUEA. Cusparia. ( Galipea officinalis.) Tonic, stimulant, aromatic. Use. In dyspepsia, removing flatulence and acid- ity ; chronic diarrhoea, dysentery. Incomp. Sulphate of iron and of copper, nitrate of silver, tartarized antimony, acetate and diacetate of lead, bichloride of mercury, pure potassa, and in- fusions of galls and yellow cinchona bark, etc. Dose. Gr. v to gr. xx in powder. ANISUM. Aniseed. (Pimpinella anisum.) Carminative. Use. In dyspepsia and the tormina of infants. Dose. Gr. x to 3j bruised. ANNOTTA. Used principally as a coloring-matter. ANTENNARIA M ARGAEITACEA. Life - ever- lasting. Leaves astringent and expectorant. ANTHEMIS. Chamomile flowers. (A. nobilis.) Tonic, stomachic ; the warm infusion is emetic ; externally discutient, emollient, antiperiodic. Use. In intermittents, dyspepsia, hysteria, flatu- lent colic, gout ; to promote the operation of emetics, externally as fomentations in gripings, and to ripen suppurating tumors. Dose. In powder gss. to gij twice or thrice a da v. ANTIMONII ET POTASS^ TAETEAS. Potassio- Tartrate of Antimony, or Emetic Tartar. Emetic, sometimes cathartic, diaphoretic, expec- torant, alterative, rubefacient. A sedative to the circulation, while it increases most of its secretions. 48 apo Use. In the beginning of fever, to clear the stomach and bowels; but it is an improper emetic in ad- vanced stages of typhus ; in large doses in pulmonary inflammations ; and in small as an alterative in cu- taneous diseases, acute rheumatism, chorea; exter- nally in white swellings, hooping-cough, phthisis, and all deep-seated inflammations. Dose. As a means of subduing inflammation, gr. ss. to gr. ij ; as an emetic, gr. j to gr. iv, in solution ; diaphoretic and expectorant, gr. 1-1 2th to l-8th. It is made into an ointment for external use, by rub- bing up gij with lard ^j. Incomp. Alkalies and earths with their carbonates; strong acids ; hydro-sulphurets ; lime-water, chloride of calcium, salts of lead ; decoctions of bitter and astringent plants. ANTIMONIUM SULPHUKATUM. Precipitated Sulphuret of Antimony. Alterative, diaphoretic, emetic. ZTse. In secondary syphilis, cutaneous eruptions, etc. Dose. Gr. j to ij as alterative. ANTIRKHINUM LINAEIA. Toad-flax. Diuretic, cathartic, slightly acrid. Used in infusions, or as a poultice, etc., to piles. APOCYNUM ANDBOS^MIFOLIUM. Dog's Bane. Emetic, diaphoretic, alterative. Dose. Gr. xxx of the powdered root as an emetic ; gr. v diaphoretic. Employed by the Indians in lues venerea. APOCYNUM CANNABINUM. Indian Hemp. Emetic, hydragogue, cathartic, diuretic, diapho- retic, expectorant, narcotic, and sedative. Use. A very powerful remedy in ascites and gen- eral dropsy ; in neuralgia, etc. Dose. From gr x to gr. xx of the powdered root AEG 49 produce free vomiting and purging. Of the decoc- tion, which is preferable, and made by boiling gss. of the dried root in Ojss. of water to Oj, from f §j to f^ij may be given three or four times a day, if nec- essary. Of the extract, gr. iij to gr. iv, two or three times a day, will usually act on the bowels. AQUA. AMMONITE. Solution of Ammonia. Stimulant. Antacid. Rubefacient. Dose. 10-30 drops, largely diluted. AQILE. Medicated Waters. See p. 155. AQUILEGIA VULGARIS. Columbine. Diuretic, diaphoretic, antiscorbutic, seldom used. ARALIA NUDICAULIS. False Sarsaparilla. Stimulant, diaphoretic, alterative. Use. Employed in rheumatism, syphilis, cutaneous affections, in the same manner and dose as the genu- ine sarsaparilla. ARALIA SPINOSA. Angelica-tree, Toothache-tree, Prickly Ash. Stimulant, diaphoretic, emetic, cathartic. Use. Employed in chronic rheumatism and cuta- neous eruptions. Also, in~ colic, in toothache, usually given in decoction. ARCTIUM LAPPA. Burdock. Aperient, sudorific, diuretic. Use. In rheumatism, gout, aphthae, also in vene- real, scorbutic, scrofulous, and nephritic affections; in decoction made with Jij of the root in Ojss. of water. The leaves externally in cutaneous eruptions and ulcerations. Dose. A teacupful several times a day; of little value unless persevered in for a long time. ARECA NUT. Betel Nut. Used in tape-worm in doses of giv to gvi. ARGEMONE MEXICANA. Prickly Poppy. Anodyne cathartic. 4 50 AUG Dose. 8 grs. of seeds in emulsion. ARGENTI CYANIDUM. Cyanuret of Silver. Cy- anide of Silver. Use, To prepare hvdrocyanic acid. ARGENTI IODIJDUM. Iodide of Silver. (Precipi- tated from the nitrate by iodide of potassium.) A substitute for nitrate of silver in gastric affec- tions, in doses of J gr. three times a day, increased gradually. This iodide forms a crystalline salt with iodide of potassium, which may perhaps combine the tonic and alterative effects of its constituents, in a similar way to the iodo-hydrargyrate of potassium. It is, however, decomposed by water. AKGENTI NITRAS. Nitrate of Silver. Tonic, antispasmodic, escharotic. Use. In chorea, epilepsy, dyspepsia, and irritable conditions of the mucous membrane of the stomach and bowels ; locally to relieve strictures ; to fungous ulcers, warts, and venereal chancres ; gr. ij in distilled water f^j is a good injection in fistulous sores; and as an application to spongy gums, enlarged tonsils and ulcerated sore throats. A solution of gss. in f gj of distilled water, is highly useful when pencilled over the surface in erysipelas. Dose. Gr. -J increased to gr. iv in a pill, with mucilage, three times a day ; or in solution, increased to gr. iij. The dark color communicated to the skin is an objection to its internal employment. Incomp. Sulphuric, hydrochloric, and arsenious acids and their salts ; alkalies except ammonia ; lime; chlorides ; sulphurets ; astringent vegetable infusions and decoctions ; aqueous solutions of salts of mercury, or of copper. ARGENT! NITRAS FUSUS. Lunar caustic. Fused nitrate of silver. Convenient for external use, as stimulant or es- charotic. ASA 51 ARGENTI OXIDUM. Oxide of Silver. Proposed as a substitute for the nitrate. Dose. J a gr. in pill. ARMORACIA. Horseradish Root. (Cochlearia armo- racia.) Stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic. Use. In scorbutus, rheumatism, dropsy, and dys- peptic affections ; and locally in hoarseness. Dose. 9j to 3j. Vide Infusion: of the following syrup a teaspoonful often slowly swallowed, in hoarseness: (R. Of the scraped root 3j, boiling water gij, sugar q. s. to the strained liquor.) ARNICA. Leopard's Bane. (A. montana.) Narcotic, stimulant, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, diuretic. Use. In amaurosis, paralysis, rheumatism, gout, dropsy, nephritis, and chlorosis. The root has been used in intermittents, but is most useful in diseases attended with a typhoid state of the system. Dose. Gr. v to gr. x in powder, or f ^ss. of the fol- lowing infusion: (R. Of the flowers 3Jss., water fgviij), twice or thrice a day. In large doses it produces poisoning. ARUM. Dragon Root, Indian Turnip. (A. triphyl- lum.) Externally irritant. Internally stimulant to all the secretions, especially those of the skin and lungs. Use. In asthma, pertussis, chronic catarrh, chronic rheumatism, and cachectic complaints generally. Dose. Of the powder of the recently dried root, gr. v to gr x, mixed with gum Arabic, sugar, and water, in the form of an emulsion, repeated two or three times a day, and gradually increased to ^ss. or 3j. Also in aphthous sore mouth of children, mixed with sugar and laid on the tongue. ASARABACCA. A. Europceum. 52 ass Emetic, cathartic, errhine. Dose. Grs. 30- ^j of powder. ASARUM CANADENSE. Wild Ginger. A stimulant, tonic, diaphoretic. Use. Used chiefly as an elegant adjunct to tonic infusions and decoctions. Resembles serpentaria in its effects. Dose. Of the powder, from gr. xx to gr. xxx. Also, used in form of a tincture. ASCLEPIAS. < The Common Silk-weed. Butterfly- weed. Pleurisy Root. (A. tuberosa; Syriaca, etc.) Diaphoretic, expectorant, cathartic, diuretic, slightly tonic. Use. Employed extensively in some of the South- ern States in catarrh, pneumonia, pleurisy, con- sumption, acute rheumatism, autumnal remittents, and dysentery.^ Dose. Of the powder, gr. xx to gj, several times a day. As a diaphoretic, a teacupful of the decoc- tion every three or four hours, made by infusing gj of the roots in Oij of water. ASCLEPIAS CURASSAVICA. Bastard Ipecacu- anha. Emetic, cathartic, astringent. Dose. £)j to Qij. Expressed juice ^j. ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS. Asparagus. Diuretic, aperient. Dose. gss. to gj of extract, or §j to f gij of syrup, prepared from the shoots. ASSAFCETIDA. Assafoetida. {Narthex assafoetida.) Antispasmodic, expectorant; emmenagogue; an- thelmintic when injected into the rectum. Use. Hysteria, tympanitis, asthma, dyspnoea, per- tussis, worms. Dose. In pill, gr. x to gss. : in solution, vide Mis- tura; in clyster, £ij dissolved in water f gviij. BAL 53 ASTER PUNICEUS. Stimulant, diaphoretic. Used in rheumatism and catarrh. ATOMIZERS. By using medicated spray, many remedies may be brought in direct contact with the respiratory passages. To §j water use 10-30 grs. Alum; 10-20 grs. Muriate Ammonia; 3-10 TT\, Fluid ext. Hyoscyamus ; 2-10 TT^ Tinct. Opii; 1-10 grs. Nit. Silver ; 1-20 grs. Tannin, etc. ATROPIA. Actiye principle of Belladonna. Use. One drop of a solution of gr. j to £iv of dis- tilled water with a few drops of acetic acid, applied to the inner surface of eyelid, dilates the pupil in a few minutes. Gr. j to 3J of lard as an ointment in neuralgia. ATROPINE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Atropia. Use same as Atropia, but more soluble. AURAXTII CORTEX. Orange-Peel. Use. A mild tonic, carminative, and stomachic. AVEX.E FARINA. Oatmeal. Oatmeal gruel is made by boiling §j in Oiij water to a quart (with a few raisins). Strain, cool, and pour off the clear liquor. Add sugar and lemon- juice. AZEDARACH. Bark of root Melia Azedarach. Use. Cathartic, emetic, anthelmintic — in large doses narcotic. Dose. Oii water to ^iv bark, boiled to Oj ; to a child a tablespoonful. BALSAMOI PERUVIANUM. Peruvian Balsam. (Mi/rospernium peruiferum.) Stimulant, tonic, expectorant. Use. In palsy ; chronic asthma, bronchitis, and rheumatism; gleet; leucorrhcea ; and externally for cleansing and stimulating foul, indolent ulcers. 54 BEN Dose, rr^x to gss. twice or thrice a day, made into an emulsion with mucilage of gum. BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. Tolu Balsam. (Myrospermum toluiferum.) Stimulant, expectorant. Use. In chronic coughs ; but principally used on account of its flavor. Dose. Gr. x to ^ss. triturated with mucilage. BAPTISIA TINCTOKIA. Wild Indigo. Antiseptic, laxative, emetic. Use. In scarlatina, gangrene, etc. Dose. f^ss. of decoction (Jj root to Oj water). BEBEERU. Bark of Nectandra Eodiei. The sulphate of bebeerin has been used in intermit- tent and remittent fevers. Dose. 2 to 5 grs. BELJ2 FEUCTUS. Bael fruit. {JSgU marmelos.) Astringent in diseases of the bowels. Dose. Of decoction gij to Oj, boiled to f^iv, f^j- f gij. Of extract f ^j to f £ij. BELLADONNA. Deadly Nightshade. (Atropa bel- ladonna.) Powerful narcotic, diaphoretic, diuretic, repellent. Use. In obstinate inter mitten ts, tic-douloureux, palsy, epilepsy, chorea, mania, gout, rheumatism, dropsy, jaundice, pertussis, and the cachexise; am- aurosis ; sprinkling the powdered leaves over can- cerous sores has been found to allay the pain ; and the leaves form a good poultice. Applied to the eye, in the form of infusion or solution of the ex- tract, to dilate the pupil previous to operations. The root is used for the same purpose as the leaves. Dose. Gr. ss. gradually increased to gr. j daily ; or f^ij of this infusion: R. Of the leaves J}j, hot water f ^x, strained cold. BENZOIN ODORIFERUM. Spice-bush. Fever-bush. bis 55 Stimulant, aromatic, vermifuge. Used in decoction or infusion. BENZOINUM. Benzoin. (Styrax Benzoin.) Use. Principally for obtaining the acid it contains. Dose. Gr. x to £ss. Incomp. Alkalies, acids ; and so with all the bal- sams. BENZOLE. Benzin. (Hydruret of Phenyle.) A con- stituent of coal-gas tar. Use. Vapor is anaesthetic. With four parts of lard in scabies, etc. As a liniment in rheumatism and neuralgia. Used internally in trichiniasis. BERBER1S VULGARIS. Barberry. Refrigerant, astringent, antiscorbutic. The berries are used as a drink, and the juice as svrup. BETULA LENTA. Sweet Birch. Black Birch. Gently stimulant and diaphoretic. BISMUTHI SUBCARBONAS. Subcarbonate of Bismuth. Used as substitute for subnitrate. Dose. 15-45 grs., in water, before meals. BISMUTHI SUBNITRAS. Subnitrate of Bismuth. Antispasmodic. Absorbent. Sedative. Dose. 5-15 grs. in pill, etc. BISMUTHI VALERIANAS. Valerianate of Bismuth. Use. In neuralgia and gastralgia. Dose. Gr. ss. to gr. ij in pill. BISTORT. Polygonum bistorta. Mild astringent. Dose. 20-30 s^rs. of powder. BISULPHATE OF POTASSA. Aperient tonic. Dose. 3j to ^ij. BISULPHURET OF CARBON. Diffusible stimulant. Vapor anaesthetic. 56 CAD BITTERA FEBRIFUGA. Bitter Ash. Similar to Quassia. BOLE ARMENIAN. An argillaceous earth. Used chiefly in tooth- powders. BORAGO OFFICINALIS. Borage. Mucilaginous, gently diaphoretic. Dose, ^ij to §iv of expressed juice. BROMINIUM. Bromine. Like iodine, it stimulates the lymphatics, and pro- motes absorption. Use. In bronchocele, scrofula, etc. Dose. In aqueous solutions (1 part to 40 of water), 6 drops several times a day. BRYONY. B. alba. Hydragogue, cathartic. Dose. §j to 3j of powdered root. BUCHU. Diosma. Leaves of Barosma crenata. Stimulant, diuretic. Use. In irritation of the bladder. Dose. 20 to 30 grs. powder, f ^j to f ^ij of infusion (gj to Oj boiling water), 3J of the fluid extract. BUXUS SEMPERVIRENS. Box. Diaphoretic, purgative. Dose, gj of leaves as a purge. CABBAGE-TREE BARK. Andira inermis. Cathartic vermifuge. Dose. Powder J)j to ^ss. Extract 3 grs. Decoction CACTUS GRANDIFLORA. Night-blooming Cereus. A tincture of fresh stems macerated a month in alcohol, used in functional palpitation of heart. Dose. 1 to 5 drops three times a day. CADMII IODIDUM. Iodide of Cadmium. Used in ointment, 1 part to 8 of lard, for enlarged glands, etc. A substitute for the iodide of lead. CAL 57 CADMII SULPHAS. Sulphate of Cadmium. Kesembles sulphate of zinc as astringent and emetic. Used also in syphilis, rheumatism, and opacities of cornea. CAFFEA. Coffee. (C. Arabica.) Nervous stimulant. Dose. A cupful or more of infusion of gj to Oj boiling water. CAHINCA. Chiococca racemosa. Tonic, diuretic, purgative, emetic. Dose. Powder ^j to 3j. Extract 10 to 20 grs. CALAMINA. Calamine. Impure Carbonate of Zinc. CALAMINA PEJEPAEATA. Prepared Calamine. Use. A mild astringent in excoriations. CALAMUS AEOMATICUS. Sweet Flag-root. Stomachic, carminative. Use. In atonic dyspepsia with vertigo. Dose. 9j to 3j in powder. CALCIS CAEBONAS PE^CIPITATA. Precipi- tated Carbonate of Lime. Use the same as Creta Prseparata. CALCIS PHOSPHAS PE^ECIPITATA. Phosphate of Lime. Use. In scrofula, rickets, etc. Dose. 10 to 30 grs. CALENDULA OFFICINALIS. Marigold. Antispasmodic, sudorific, emmenagogue. Used in infusion. CALLITEICHE VEENA. Water Star-wort. Diuretic. Given in decoction. CALOTEOPIS GIGANTEA. Asclepias gigantea. An East India remedy for cutaneous disease, syph- ilis, etc. Dose. 3 to 12 grs. three times a day. CALUMBA. Columbo. 58 CAN Mild tonic. Used in dyspepsia, etc. Dose. 10 grs. to Qj. In flatulence, etc., an infusion of ,^ss. Calumba, gss. Ginger, £j Senna, and Oj boil- ing water. Give a wineglassful three times a day. CALX CHLOKINATA. Chlorinated Lime. Chlo- ride of Lime. Pass chlorine through lime until it is saturated. Use. As a disinfectant, and for bleaching purposes. CAMPHOBA. ^ Camphor. (C. officinarum.) Narcotic, diaphoretic, sedative; externally ano- dyne. Use. In typhus, cynanche maligna, confluent small-pox, and other exanthemata of the typhoid type ; in atonic gout, and as an adjunct to bark and opium in checking gangrene. It produces its nar- cotic and sedative effects with very little increase of pulse, and therefore may be used in mania, pneumo- nia, and other inflammatory complaints, united with nitre and antimonials. In doses of from 1 to 3 grains it acts as a diaphoretic. It is a useful adjunct to bark in typhoid diseases, to valerian, the fetid gums, volatile alkali, and others, in hysteric and nervous complaints, and to antimonials in rheumatism and other inflammations. Externally, it allays the pains of rheumatism and other deep-seated inflammations, when dissolved in oil. Dose. Gr. ij to gr. x in powder, with sugar, etc. ; in pills; or in mixture with mucilage, or almond confection ; the effects of an overdose are counter- acted by opium. For external application it is dis- solved in oil or in alcohol. CANELLA. CanellaBark. (0. alba.) Stimulant, tonic. Use. As an aromatic addition to bitter tonics and cathartics. Dose. Gr. x to gss. in powder; in infusion f^iss. CAR 59 CANTHARIS. The Blistering Fly. Stimulant, diuretic, rubefacient, vesicant; both their internal use and their external application are apt to produce strangury ; active properties depend on the cantharidin. Use. Internally in dropsies, obstinate gleet, and leucorrhoea; retention of the urine owing to want of action in the bladder, and incontinence of urine from debility of the bladder ; lepra ; but their inter- nal use requires caution. For their external use, see Empl., Tinctura, and Acetum Cantharidis. Dose. Gr. ss. to gr. j, in a pill, with opium or the extract of henbane and camphor, twice a day. CANTHARIS VITTATA. Potato Fly. Same as the former. There are several other spe- cies, all of which have the same properties. CAPSICUM. The Capsicum berries. (C. annuum.) Stimulant, rubefacient. Use. In atonic gout, the flatulence of dyspepsia, lethargy. Its solution (Capsici pulv. gj, Sodii Chlor. 9j, Acet. giv, Aquse ferventis f§vj, Cola) forms the best gargle in cynanche maligna, and scarlatina. Cataplasms of it are used in coma and the delirium of typhus. Dose. Gr. iij to gr. x in pill, or fgss. of infusion. Incomp. Nitrate of silver, bichloride of mercury, acetate of lead, sulphates of iron, zinc, and copper, and the carbonates of alkalies. CARBO ANIMALIS. Animal Charcoal. (Prepared from flesh and bones.) Use. For decolorizing vegetable salts, clarifying salts, and extracting the volatile oil from whiskey and other liquors. CARBO LIGNI. Charcoal of Wood. Antiseptic, absorbent. Use. In putrid eructations of dyspepsia, obstinate 60 CAR constipation ; to relieve the nausea of pregnancy, and as a cataplasm with linseed meal to fetid ulcers ; the best tooth-powder. Dose. Gr. x to J}j united with rhubarb. CAEDAMINE PEATENSIS. Cuckoo-flower. Antispasmodic, diuretic. CAEDAMOMUM. Cardamom Seed. {Elettaria car- damomum.) Carminative, stomachic. Use. In the flatulent colic of children, united with rhubarb and magnesia; but principally to give warmth to other remedies. Dose. Gr. v to ^j in powder. CAEOTA. t Carrot" Seed. Mild diuretic. Dose. 30 grs. to gj of bruised seeds. CAETHAMUS. Dyer's Saffron. ( G. tinctorius.) Laxative and somewhat diaphoretic. Use. As a substitute for saffron in measles, scar- latina, and other exanthematous diseases, to promote the eruption. Dose. Of an infusion of gij to a pint of boiling water, given without restriction as to quantity. CAEUM. Caraway Seeds. (O. carui.) Carminative. Use. In flatulent colic, and to give warmth to purgatives. Dose. Gr. x to gj, swallowed whole, or in powder. CAEYA. Hickory. Astringent. Infusion of inner bark in dyspepsia and intermittents. CAEYOPHYLLUS. The Clove. {0. aromaticus.) Stimulant, aromatic. Use. As a corrigent to other remedies, and a con- diment. Dose. Gr. v to x, in powder. CAT 61 CASCARILLA. Cascarilla Bark. (Croton Eleuteria.) Tonic, stomachic. Use. As an adjunct to chinchona in ague ; in ob- stinate diarrhoea, and after dysentery ; a good vehicle for powdered Peruvian bark, and small doses sul- phate magnesia and sulphuric acid, in debility of stomach attended with constipation ; in dyspepsia, and flatulent colic. Dose. Gr. x to gj in powder. The infusion is the best form. CASSIA. Cassia Pulp. (C. fistula.) Laxative. Use. Where a gentle medicine is required in cos- tive habits, combined with aromatics. Dose, gi to Jj. CASTANEA. Chinquapin. (C. pumilla.) Tonic and astringent. Leaves of chestnut (C. vesca) similar. Use. In intermittents. CASTOREUM. Castor. Antispasmodic, emmenagogue. Use. In typhus, hysteria, epilepsy, amenorrhoea. Dose. Gr. x to J)j in a bolus ; gj, or more, in clys- ters ; of little value as a remedv. CATALPA CORDIFOLIA. Catawba Tree. Reputed poisonous, but has been used in asthma, giij or giv of seeds in gxij water, boiled to §vj, given morning and night. CAT ARIA. Catnip. Leaves of Nepeta Cataria. Tonic and excitant. Use. In domestic practice in amenorrhoea, colic, etc. Dose, gij in infusion. CATECHU. Catechu. (Acacia catechu.) Astringent, tonic. Use. In diarrhoea, from a relaxed state of the 62 CER bowels, and in intestinal and uterine hemorrhages ; locally in aphthse, ulceration of the gums, and in coughs and hoarseness from the relaxation of the uvula, and epistaxis. Dose. Gr. x to £j in powder ; in the latter case, a piece is allowed to dissolve slowly in the mouth ; but is best given with sugar, gum Arabic and water. CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES. Blue Cohosh. Emmenagogue, diaphoretic. Dose, f gj to f^ij of infusion or decoction, f £j to f gij of tincture. CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS. New Jersey Tea. Astringent. Used in syphilis in decoction (§ij to Oj). A strong infusion used in aphthae and dys- entery. CEDRON. Sinaba cedron. Used in Central America as antidote of the bite of serpents, in hydrophobia, and intermittents. Dose. 1 to 2 grs., or more. CELASTRUS SCANDENS. Climbing Staff-tree. Emetic, diaphoretic, narcotic. CENTAUREA BENEDICTA. Blessed Thistle. May be used as a tonic in cold infusion (§ss. of leaves to Oj). A stronger infusion taken warm in bed pro- motes diaphoresis. A still stronger infusion is emetic. CENTAURY. Erythroea cenlaurium. Tonic, like gentian. Dose. 30 grs. to 3j. CEPH AL ANTHUS' OCCIDENTALS. Button-bush. Laxative and tonic. CERA FLAVA ET CERA ALBA. Yellow Wax and White. Demulcent, emollient. Use. In diarrhoea and dysentery ; but principally used in the formation of cerates and ointments. CHE 63 Dose, ^j to gss. twice or thrice a day, in form of emulsion : melt the wax with a little oil, then trit- urate it with yolk of egg, and groat gruel f gij. CERATA. Cerates. See Pharmaceutical preparation, p. 175. CERII OXALAS. Oxalate of Cerium. Nervous tonic, in gastralgia, etc. Dose. 1-2 grs., in pill or solution. CETACEUM. Spermaceti. Demulcent, emollient. Use. In coughs and dysentery ; and in the com- position of ointments. Dose. gss. to 3jss., rubbed up with sugar, or with an egg, in emulsion. CETRARIA. Iceland Moss. (C. islandica.) Tonic, demulcent, nutrient. See Decoct. Cetrar. CHELIDONIUM MAJUS. Celandine. Acrid, purgative, diuretic, diaphoretic. Used in jaundice. Dose. Gr. xxx, dried herb or root. CHELONE GLABEA. Balmony. Tonic, cathartic, anthelmintic. Dose. 3j fluid extract. CHENOPODIUM. Wormseed. (<7. anthelminticum.) Anthelmintic. Use. To destroy lumbrici in children, for which it is given morning and evening for three or four days ; then followed by calomel, or some brisk cathartic. Dose. Of the powdered seeds, from i^j to ^ij to a child two or three years old, in syrup ; of the oil, which is more frequently given, from 5 to 10 drops, mixed with sugar or in emulsion ; of the decoction, made by boiling gj of the fresh plant in Oj of milk, with the addition of orange-peel, or some other aromatic, a wineglassful, or a tablespoonful of tho expressed juice of the leaves. 64 CIM CHIMAPHILA. Pipsissewa. Leaves of Chimaphila Umbellata. Diuretic, tonic, astringent. Use. In urinary affections, scrofula, and rheuma- tism. Dose. Oj of decoction in 24 hours. CHIEETTA. Agathotes Chirayta. Similar to gentian. Dose. Of powder 20 grs. CHLOKAL. Chloral Hydrate. Hydrate of Chloral. Prepared from the action of Chlorine on Alcohol. Hypnotic and anodyne. Use. In delirium tremens and nervous diseases, to produce sleep. Dose. Grs. x to gj in syrup, etc. CHLOEOFOBM. Anesthetic. From the accidents which have occurred from its use, pure Sulphuric Ether, or one part chloroform, two parts ether, is preferable for the purpose of procuring insensibility . to the pain of surgical operations. Dose. For internal use n\x to f ^j. CHONDBUS. Irish Moss, Carrageen. A good sub- stitute for the Iceland Moss, which it closely re- sembles. (Macerate gss. of the moss ten minutes in cold water, turn it off, add Ojss. boiling water; boil to a pint, strain, and add sugar and lemon- juice to improve the flavor. Milk may be sub- stituted for water, if a more nutritious preparation be required.) CICHOEIUM INTYBUS. Chicory. Tonic, aperient. Used in jaundice and phthisis, in decoction (^j or ^ij to Oj). CICUTA VIEOSA. * Water hemlock. Acrid narcotic poison. Used externally in poultices or extract. CIMICIFUGA. Black Snakeroot. Cohosh. (G racemosa.) cin 65 Tonic, diuretic, diaphoretic, expectorant, emmen- agogue. Use. Employed extensively in the United States, as a domestic remedy, in rheumatism, dropsy, chorea, hysteria, and especially in pulmonary affections, for which it has been regarded by some as a specific. Dose. Of the powder, gr. x to gj ; of the decoction, made by boiling gj of the bruised root in Oj of water, from f gj to f^ij may be given several times a day. CINCHONA. Peruvian Bark. ( C. /am — pallida — rubra. ) Strongly and permanently tonic and antiperiodic, slightly astringent, stomachic, and febrifuge. Use. In intermittents, after evacuating the stomach and bowels ; in continued fevers ; keeping the bowels clear; confluent small-pox; erysipelas; acute rheu- matism; cynanche maligna; scarlatina; passive hemorrhages ; and in every disease attended with deficient action. Externally in clysters, gargles, and lotions, in gangrenous ulcerations, etc. To check the nausea excited by it, wine, aromatics, and car- bonic acid are added ; to prevent purging, opium ; costiveness, rhubarb. Dose. Given in infusion, decoction, and extract, The latter is a good form, if well prepared; of this gr. iij to gr. x in pill, or dissolved in infusion of roses, or syrup of orange-peel, three times a day. Of the powder, J)j to giij in infusion of liquorice, or water. CINCHONIJE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Cinchonia. Similar to sulphate of quinia. Dose. 1 gr. to 15. CINNAMOMUM. Cinnamon Bark. Cassia. Stimulant, astringent, carminative, tonic. Use. As a grateful aromatic in dyspepsia and diar- 5 66 col rhoea ; to cover the taste of nauseous remedies, and with cathartics to prevent griping. The infusion checks vomiting. Chewed in palsy of the tongue. Dose. Gr. v to Qj in powder. CITRATE OF IRON AND MAGNESIA. Saline chalybeate. Dose. 5 to 10 grs. CITRATE OF SODA. Similar to Citrate of Magnesia. Dose. In diabetes gss. to gj. CLEMATIS ERECTA. Upright Virgin' s-bower. Diuretic and diaphoretic. Used in Bright' s disease. Dose, f^iv of infusion of giij of leaves to Oj water. COBWEB. Spider's web. Said to be antiperiodic, etc. Dose. 5 or 6 grs. in pill. COCCULUS INDICUS. Acrid narcotic poison. Used externally in tinea capitis, etc. COCCUS. The Cochineal Insect. The dried female. Use. Chiefly for giving a red color to tinctures, etc. In doses of ^ gr. in Hooping-cough. COCHLEARIA OFFICINALIS. Scurvy-grass. Stimulant, aperient, diuretic. COCOS BUTYRACEA. The plant which affords palm oil, or coco butter. This latter is of the consistence of an ointment, and is used as an excipient for suppositories and medicated pessaries. COFFEE. C. Arabica. Medically is excitant to the nerves, and resists the intoxicating effects of alcohol and opium. COLCH1CI RADIX ET SEMEN. The Bulb and Seeds of the Meadow Saffron. (Colchicum autumnale.) Narcotic, diuretic, cathartic. Use. In dropsies, gout, rheumatism, neuralgia, con 67 bronchitis, and scarlet fever. Colchicum is rather palliative than curative in gout and rheumatism. It is a useful addition to saline medicines in fevers and all inflammations. It should be given in small doses combined with magnesia, and, if necessary, often repeated. Dose. Gr. ] to gr. v. of the recent bulb in pill. COLLINSOXI A CANADENSIS. Horse - weed. Heal-all. A decoction of fresh root used in catarrh of the bladder, leucorrhcea, dropsy, etc. ; and a poultice of leaves to bruises and the like. COLLODIUM. Collodion (a solution of gun-cotton in ether) ; an artificial epidermis. Cantharidal collodion, for blisters, is prepared by the addition of an ethereal solution of cantharides. COLOCYXTHIS. Bitter Cucumber Pulp. (Cucumis colocynthis.) Strongly cathartic, drastic, hydragogue. Use. Too violent to be used alone. When com- bined with calomel, extract of jalap, and gamboge, colocynth forms a highly efficient and safe cathartic, especially adapted to congestion of the liver and portal circle, and torpidity of this organ. In dropsy, and affections of the head, also highly useful. Dose. Gr. j to gr. v. COMPTONIA ASPLENIFOLIA. Sweet Fern. Tonic, astringent. A decoction used in diarrhoea. CONFECTIONES. $ Confections. See Pharmaceutical preparations, p. 168. CONICAL Hemlock Leaves and Seeds. (0. Macu- latum.) Narcotic, poisonous in an overdose; resolvent. Use. As a palliative in cancer and scirrhus, scrof- ulous, and syphilitic ulcerations and swellings; per- tussis ; chronic enlargements of the liver and other abdominal organs; cutaneous affections; asthma; 68 cop chronic pulmonary diseases, and neuralgic affections. Externally giij of the dried herb boiled in Oj of water as a fomentation to open scrofulous and cancerous ulcers ; or as a cataplasm, by adding linseed meal and oatmeal. Dose. Gr. ij to gr. iv of the powder, or from gtt. ij of the expressed juice, very gradually increased to 3j. Of the extract, gr. j to gr. iv; to be reduced if it causes vertigo. The extract is the best form of admin- istering it ; it may be usefully combined with ipecac- uanha in pulmonary affections, where we wish to quiet cough and relieve bronchial irritation. CONTRAYERVA. Contrajerva Boot. (Dorslenia contrayerva.) Tonic, stimulant, sudorific. Use. In typhus, nervous fever; the fever of den- tition in weak infants ; and dysentery. Dose. Gr. x to ^ss. CONVALLARIA 'MAJALIS. Lily of the Valley. Powdered leaves, sternutatory. CONVALLAEIA MULTIFLORA. Solomon's Seal. Tonic, mucilaginous, mildly astringent. Used in leucorrhoea, etc. Dose. Fluid extract ^ij to gv. CONVOLVULUS PANDURATUS. Wild Potato. Feebly cathartic, diuretic. Dose. 40 grs. of dried root. COPAIBA. Copaiba Balsam. (C. officinalis.) Stimulant, diuretic, purgative in large doses ; acts on the urethra. Use. In gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhoea, dysentery, and all affections of mucous membranes ; hemor- rhoidal affections. Dose. Tt\,x to fgj in emulsion with gum or yolk of egg; in pills, by mixing the copaiba with magnesia and exposing the mixture to the air. It is given also in gelatinous capsules. cot 69 Incomp. Sulphuric acid, nitric acid. COPTIS. Goldthread. (C. trifolia.) Tonic. Use. In all cases where a simple tonic is required. In aphthous affections of the mouth and throat. Dose. Of the powder from gv. x to gr. xxx. Of the tinct. ^j, ^j root, Oj alcohol. CORALLORHIZA ODONTORHIZA. Coral-root. Stimulant, diaphoretic. Dose. 30 grs. of powder. CORIANDRUM. Coriander Seed. (C. sativum.) Carminative. Use. In flatulencies ; but chiefly to cover the taste of other medicines. Dose. 9j to ^j entire, or in powder. CORNUS FLORIDA. Dogwood. O. circinnata and C sericea are similar. Tonic, astringent. Use. In all cases to which Peruvian Bark is adapted, which it closely resembles, especially inter- mittents. Dose. May be given in powder, decoction, or ex- tract of the powder, from Qj to ^j. Infusion most employed. CORYDALIS FORMOSA. Turkey Corn. Alterative tonic. Used in syphilis, scrofula, etc. Dose. Of fluid extract 10 to 40 drops. CORYLUS ROSTRATA. Beaked Hazel. Anthelmintic. Used the same way as cowhage. COTULA. Mayweed. Wild chamomile. Herb of Anthemis Cotula. Antispasmodic, vesicant externally. Best given in infusion. COTYLEDON UMBILICUS. Navel-wort. Nervous tonic. Used in epilepsy. Dose. A tablespoonful of the juice daily. 70 cub CKEASOTUM. Creasote. Use. Externally applied in rheumatism and neu- ralgia. Given in some stomachic affections, as dyspepsia, and anorexia, and to allay nausea and vomiting ; used externally in porrigo scutulata, and to relieve toothache ; also to foul ulcers and cancer- ous sores. Dose. From Tr\, j to TT^ij. CRETA PR^EPARATA. Prepared Chalk. Take of chalk a convenient quantity; add a little water to it, and rub it into fine powder ; throw this into a large vessel nearly full of water, stir briskly, and after a short interval pour the supernatant liquor, while yet turbid, into another vessel. Repeat the process with the chalk remaining in the first vessel, and set the turbid liquor by, that the powder may subside. Lastly, pour off the water, and dry the powder. Internally antacid ; externally absorbent. Use. In diarrhoea from acidity ; externally when sprinkled over burns, after the inflammation has subsided, and a poultice applied, the skinning over the sore is much hastened. Dose. Gr. x to gj or more. CROCUS. Saffron. ^ {C. sativa.) _ Stimulant, exhilarating ; diaphoretic, emmena- gogue. Use. In hysteria and other nervous affections; chiefly to impart color to officinal tinctures. Dose. Gr. v to gss. CUBEB^E. Cubebs. _ (Piper Cubebce.) Stimulant, purgative, diuretic. Use. In gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhcea. Also as a grateful stomachic, and carminative in disorders of the digestive organs. Cubebs have been recom- mended in every stage of gonorrhoea, but they are cup 71 most safe and effectual in chronic diseases, and where the inflammation is confined to the mucous membrane of the urethra. If not speedily useful, they should be discontinued. Dose. From gr. x to gss. of the powder, every six hours. The volatile oil is sometimes substituted in the dose of ten or twelve drops, suspended in mucil- age, or sugar and water. CUOUKBITA CITEULLUS. Watermelon. Seeds used in strangury, and as a diuretic. In- fusion gj or ^ ij to Oj, ad lib. CUMIN SEED. Aromatic stimulant. Dose. 15 grs. to gss. CUNILLA MAKIANA. American Dittany. Used in warm infusions to promote perspiration, relieve colic, dysmenorrhea. CUPKI ACETAS. Acetate of copper. Tonic, stimulant, escharotic. Use. In epilepsy, chorea, and other spasmodic affections. Dose. Gr. J- gradually increased to gr. ij. Incomp. Alkalies, chalk mixture, sulphuric acid. CUPRI SULPHAS. Sulphate of Copper. Tonic, emetic, astringent, escharotic, alterative, styptic, antispasmodic. Use. In epilepsy, hysteria, and intermittent fever ; and to produce vomiting in incipient phthisis, in croup, and in poisoning; externally as a stimulant to ulcers and to take down fungus. A weak solution is sometimes used as a collyrium in ophthalmia, and as an injection in gleet. Dose. As a tonic, gr. J to gr. ij in a pill ; gr. ij to gr. x in fgij of water vomit. Incomp. Alkalies, earths and their carbonates; sodae biboras ; salts of lead ; acetate of iron ; acetate 72 DIA and diacetate of lead ; astringent vegetable infusions, decoctions and tinctures. CUPEUM AMMONIATUM. Ammoniated Copper. Tonic, antispasmodic. Dose. \ to J gr. in pill. CUECUMA. The root of Turmeric. (0. Longa.) Stimulant, tonic. Use. In debilitated states of the stomach ; inter- mittent fever ; dropsy. Dose. From gss of the powder to £ij, three table- spoonfuls, three times a day, of an infusion made with giij of the root in Oj of water. CYCLAMEN EUEOPCEUM. Sow-bread. Drastic cathartic. Dose. 20-40 grs. CYDONIUM. Quince Seed. Mucilaginous. Used in poultice in conjunctivitis. CYNAEA SCOLYMUS. Garden Artichoke. Diuretic. Dose. Of tincture ^j, of extract 5 grs. CYNOGLOSSUM OFFICINALE. Hound's Tongue. Used as demulcent and sedative. CYPEIPEDIUM PUBESCENS. Ladies' Slipper. Tonic, nervine, antispasmodic. In hysteria, etc. Dose. Of fluid extract gss. to Tj. CYTISUS LABURNUM. Laburnum. Purgative, emetic, poison. DAJAKOCH. Arrow poison of Borneo. Acts by poisoning the sympathetic ganglia of the heart. The Upas antiar of Java, on the heart itself. DECOCTA. Decoctions. See Pharmaceutical preparations, p. 162. DELPHINIUM. Larkspur. D.consolida. Diuretic, emmenagogue, laxative. Dose. 10 drops of tincture, ^j to Oj. DIANTHUS CAEYOPHYLLUS. Clove-pink. DEA 73 Slightly astringent. Used for coloring and flavor- ing syrup. DIGITALINUM. Digitalin. Dose, is or -+> gr. DIGITALIS. Foxglove. (D. purpura.) Stimulant, but afterwards sedative, diuretic, narcotic. In over- doses it occasions vomiting, purging, vertigo, delir- ium, convulsions, and death. Use. In inflammatory diseases; phthisis; active hemorrhages, and dropsies, unattended by palsy and unsound viscera. From its influence in lowering the pulse, digitalis has been much employed in pal- pitations and other affections of the heart, in mania, epilepsy, etc., also as an antispasmodic in pertussis and spasmodic asthma ; where there is a laxness of fibre, and pale countenance. Dose. Gr. j in a pill, united with ammoniacum, soap, calomel, or opium, every six or eight hours till the remedy acts by the kidneys. DIOSCOKEA VILLOSA. Wild Yam. Antispasmodic ; said to be specific in bilious colic, Dose. Of dioscorine 1 to 6 grains. DIOSPYROS. Persimmon. (D. Virginiana.) Astringent, tonic. Use. The decoction of the bark, in intermittents, and in the form of a gargle in ulcerated sore throat. The fruit, when green, is excessively astringent, and the juice may be advantageously employed where an astringent effect is desired. DRACONTIUM. Skunk Cabbage. (Symplocarpus foztidus.) Stimulant, antispasmodic, expectorant, narcotic. Use. In asthma, chronic catarrh, rheumatism, hysteria, epilepsy, whooping-cough, and dropsy. In large doses it produces nausea and vomiting, with headache, vertigo, and dimness of vision. 74 ERG Dose. Gr. x to gr. xx of the powdered root three or four times a day. It may also be given in infu- sion or syrup, in doses of from fgj to f giv. DULCAMAEA. Woody Nightshade, Bittersweet. (Solanum Dulcamara.) Diuretic, sudorific, narcotic, alterative. Use. In chronic rheumatism, humoral asthma, dropsy, lepra, scrofula, and jaundice. Dose. 9j to 3j, in powder ; in the form of extract, gr. v to gr. x. An overdose produces vomiting and delirium. ELATERIUM. Wild Cucumber. {Momordica ela- terium.) Violently cathartic, hydragogue, diuretic. Use. In dropsies. Dose. Gr. -j-^th to gr. \ in a pill, or \ gr. every hour till it operates ; or gr. j dissolved in %] alcohol, with 4 drops of nitric acid, of which from 30 to 40 drops may be given in water. ELEMI. Canarium commune f A resin analogous to turpentines. EMPLASTRA. Plasters. See Pharmaceutical preparations, p. 177. EPIG^EA REPENS. Trailing Arbutus. Ground Laurel. Used in the same way as Uva Ursi and Buchu. EPILOBIUM AUGUSTIFOLIUM. Willow-herb. Astringent tonic. EQUISBTUM HYEMALE. Horsetail. Scouring- rush. Diuretic, used in infusion. EKECHTHITES HIERACIFOLIA. Fire-weed. Used in dysentery. ERGOTA. Spurred Rye. Stimulant, acting chiefly on the muscular system of the uterus. Narcotic ; a narcotico-acrid poison. ERY 75 Use. In parturition when the pains languish, and the uterine action becomes torpid, provided the os uteri be fully dilated, and the membranes ruptured. In leucorrhoea and uterine hemorrhage. Dose. 9j to 5jss. in cases of parturition ; gr. v to gr. x in leucorrhoea, three or four times a day. The most common way of giving Ergot is in decoction, 3j of it bruised to J v j boiling water — boil ten min- utes; strain and sweeten, and give one-third every half hour — in parturient cases. Or, of the Tincture made by digesting gss. in ^ v j Rectified Spirit four days, 3j — of the oil, from twenty to fifty drops. ERIGEROK Fieabane. (E. Canadense.) Diuretic, tonic, astringent. Use. In dropsy and diarrhoea. Recommended in gravel and nephritic diseases, as well as dropsy. Dose. Of the powder, from £ss. to gj. Of the in- fusion, prepared in the proportion of gj of the leaves to Oj boiling water, from f^ij to f^iv. Aqueous extract, from gr. v to gr. x every few hours. ERODIUM CICUTARIUM. Storksbill. Used in decoction in dropsy. ERYNGIUM. Button Snakeroot. (E. aquaticum.) Diaphoretic, expectorant, emetic. Use. As an expectorant in pulmonary and catar- rhal affections ; its effects resemble those of Seneka Snakeroot. ERYTHRONIUM. Dog's Tooth Violet. (E. Ameri- canum.) Emetic. Dose. From gr. xx to gr. xxx of the powdered re- cent bulb, proves emetic; a smaller dose, expectorant. ERYTHROXYLON COCA. Coca. Leaves chewed in S. America. Nervous stimulant — extraordinary stories told of its effects in sustaining strength without food. 76 FEE Dose, giij to giv in infusion. EUCALYPTUS GLOBOSUS. Australian Gum. Has been used in intermittents, etc. EUONYMUS ATKOPUKPUKEUS. Burning Bush. Wahoo. Tonic, laxative, alterative, diuretic, expectorant. Dose. As a diuretic in dropsy ; a wineglassful of de- coction or infusion (^j to Oj). Fluid extract ^j to ^ij. EUPATOEIUM. Thoroughwort. Boneset. \E. per- joliatum.) Tonic, diaphoretic, emetic, aperient, according to dose. Use. As a diaphoretic in catarrh and rheumatism ; in intermittents, and remittents, and inflammatory diseases ; as a tonic in dyspepsia and general debil- ity; given cold. Dose. As a tonic, from Qj to gj of the powdered leaves, or f ^j to f ^iv infusion ; as a diaphoretic, every two hours the infusion should be given warm, while the patient is covered in bed ; as emetic and cathartic, a strong decoction, in doses of Oss. or more. EUPHOEBIA. Spurge. (E. corollata.) The root is emetic and cathartic. In small doses, diaphoretic and expectorant. Inferior to ipecacu- anha as to safety, and to antimony as to certainty. Externally vesicant. Dose. Of the powder from gr. x to gr. xx ; as a cathartic, from gr. iij to gr. x. EXTRACTA. Extracts. See Pharmaceutical preparations, p. 164. FEL BOYINUM. Ox Gall (Inspissated). Tonic, laxative. Use. In cases of deficient bile. Dose. Grs. v to x. FERMENTUM. Yeast. Externally used in poultices. FEE 77 FEEKI CHLOEIDUM. Sesquichloride of Iron. Internally used in tincture. Stvptic in solution. FEEKI CITEAS. Citrate of Iron." A pleasant chalybeate. Dose. 5 grs. or more. FEEEI ET AMMONIJ3 CITEAS. Citrate of Iron and Ammonia. A pleasant and soluble chalybeate. Dose. 5 grs. several times a day. May be given with carbonated alkalies, and in effervescence with citric acid. FEEEI ET AMMOXLE SULPHAS. Ammonio- ferric Alum. Tonic and astringent. Dose. 3 to 15 grs. FEEEI ET AMMONLZE TAETEAS. Tartrate of Iron and Ammonia. A mild chalybeate. Dose. 10 to 30 grs. FEEEI ET POTASS.E TAETEAS. Potassio-tar- trate of Iron. A slightly laxative chalybeate. Dose. 10 grs. to gss. in solution. FEEEI ET QUISLE CITEAS. Citrate of Iron and Quinia. Combines the virtues of both bases. Dose. In pill or solution 5 or 6 grs. (equal to 1 gr. of Quinia) 3 or 4 times a day. FEEEI FEEEOCYAXIDUM. Prussian Blue. Tonic, febrifuge, alterative. Use. Intermittents, epilepsy, neuralgia. Dose. 3 to 5 grs. FEEEI IODIDUM. Iodide of Iron. Tonic, emmenagogue. Dose. Gr. j to viij. Use. In all cases of debility, in scrofula, incipient 78 FER cancer, amenorrhea, secondary syphilis, mesenteric obstructions. A bad form of the preparation, which should only be kept in solution. FEKEI LACTAS. Lactate of Iron. Use. In chlorosis, etc. Dose. 1 to 2 grs., gradually. FERRI OXTDUM HYDRATUM. (Hydrated Ox- ide of Iron. Hydrated Sesquioxide of Iron.) Solu- tion of Tersulphate of Iron Oj, Aquae Ammon. Water, aa. q. s. Mix the solution with Oiij Water, and add Aq. Ammon. till in excess. Wash the precipitate till nearly tasteless. Mix the precipitate with water to measure a pint and a half. Use. An antidote for poisoning with arsenic and its salts ; acts by combining with arsenious acid, and rendering it insoluble. Dose. 3j frequently repeated. This preparation of iron will remove arsenic from its solution in water, by adding 12 grains of it for every grain of the ar- senic Of course, it must be given in large quanti- ties, and proportioned to the quantity of arsenic taken. FERRI PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Iron. Use. A valuable tonic in amenorrhcea, and some forms of dyspepsia ; also in intermittents. Dose. Gr. v to gr. x. FERRI PYROPHOSPHAS. Pyrophosphate of Iron. An excellent chalybeate. Dose. 2 to 5 grs. in pill, water, or syrup. FERRI RED ACTUM. Powder of Iron. Dose. 3 to 6 grs. in pill or powder. FERRI SUBCARBONAS. Tonic, emmenagogue, alterative. Use. It is advantageously employed in tic dou- loureux and other forms of neuralgia, dyspepsia, chlorosis, chorea, and lately has been much recom- mended in cancer. One of our best chalvbeates. FEE 79 Dose. Gr. v to gss. united with myrrh, bitter ex- tract, or some aromatic. Incomp. Acids and acidulous salts. FEEEI SULPHAS. Sulphate of Iron. Tonic, emmenagogue, astringent, anthelmintic ; in large doses emetic. Use. In diseases of general debility, amenorrhea, with a weak, languid pulse; diabetes; in clysters against ascarides. Dose. Gr. j to gr. v, combined with myrrh, ammo- niacum, and bitter extracts. Incomp. The earths, chloride of calcium, chloride, of barium, alkalies and their carbonates, biboras soda?, nitras argenti, acetas plumbi, soaps, tannin. FEEEI SULPPIAS EXSICCATA. Dried Sulphate of Iron. Used for making pills. 3 grs. equal to 5 of crystal. FEEEI SULPHUEETUM. Sulphuret of Iron. Used for preparing sulphuretted hydrogen, by dissolving in dilute sulphuric or muriatic acid. FEEEUM. Iron. Tonic, deobstruent ; anthelmintic ; producing fetid eructations, owing to its meeting with acid in the stomach, which oxidizes it, and evolves sulphuretted hydrogen gas. Use. In general debility, dyspepsia, hysteria, chlo- rosis, worms, and in passive hemorrhages. It can prove useful only when it is oxidized, which is known by the eructations and black fasces. Dose. Of the filings gr. v to J)j> with some aromatic powder ; or in the form of electuary with honey ; or pills with extract of gentian. Quevenne's Metallic Iron (Ferrum per Hydrogen) — the most useful form. Dose. Gr. ij in pill afte^* each meal FEEEUM AMMONIATUM. Ammoniated Iron. 80 GAL An aperient chalybeate. Use. Amenorrhea, epilepsy, scrofula, etc. Dose. 4 to 12 grs. several times a day. FICUS. Figs. Nutritious, laxative, demulcent. FILIX MAS. Male Fern Eoot. (Aspidium filix mas.) Anthelmintic. Use. In tinea lata, and cucurbitina; but perhaps more is to be attributed to the active purgatives with which it is generally followed. Dose, ^ij to ^iij of the solid part of the powdered root taken in the morning, and soon after it a strong cathartic of gamboge or jalap, worked off with green tea. This was Madame Nouffer's celebrated rem- edy. FGENICULUM. Fennel. (F. vulgare.) Carminative, diuretic. Use. In flatulencies. Dose. 9j to 3j, bruised, to Oj boiling water. FRASERA. American Columbo. {F. Walteri.) A mild and valuable tonic. Use. In all cases where a pure tonic is needed. Dose. Of the powder, from gss. to £j ; of the in- fusion, made with ^j of the bruised root to Oj boiling water, §j to §ij several times a day. FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR. Ash. Used in gout and rheumatism, ^j of leaves in Oss. boiling water 3 times a day. FUCUS VESICULOSUS. Bladder wrack. Has been used in scrofula, etc., and for diminishing obesity. Dose. 20 grs. of powder, or equivalent of extract, 3 times a day. FUMARIA OFFICINALIS. Fumitory. A decoction of leaves in hepatic and skin diseases. GALANOAL. Galanga. GAM 81 Stimulant, aromatic. Dose. 15 to 30 grs. GALBANUM. Galbanum Gum-Eesin. Internally antispasmodic, expectorant ; externally resolvent, discutient. Use. In hysteria, particularly that which, attends irregular and deficient menstruation; chlorosis, ex- ternally to indolent tumor?. Dose. Gr. x to ^j in pills, or emulsion. GALEGA OFFICINALIS. Goat's rue. Diaphoretic, anthelmintic. GALIUM APARINE. Cleavers. Goose-grass. _ Expressed juice aperient, diuretic, antiscorbutic. Dose, giij, twice a day. GALL-E. Galls. Powerfully astringent, tonic. Use. They have been used in diarrhoea, intestinal hemorrhages, and intermittents ; but they are prin- cipally employed in gargles and injections; and the powder to form an ointment for piles, in the propor- tion of ^ij to lard §ij, and powdered opium gj. Dose. When exhibited internally, gr. x to Jj, twice or thrice a day. Incomp. Lime-water, potassse carbonas, plumbi acetas, et diacetatis, cupri sulphas, argenti nitras, ferri iodidum, ferri sulphas, antimonii potassio-tar- tras, hydrargyri nitras. hydrargyri bichloridum, in- fusum cinchona?, solution of isinglass, solution of opium ; all of which precipitate the infusion of galls. GAMBOGIA. Gamboge. Drastic cathartic, emetic, hydragogue, anthelmin- tic. Use. In visceral obstructions and dropsy. In tapeworm, with carbonate of potassa. Dose. Gr. ij to gr. x in powder, with calomel, pills, etc. 6 82 GEU GAULTHERIA. Partridge Berry. (G. procumbens.) Stimulant, cordial, astringent, emmenagogue. Use. In diarrhoea, amenorrhea ; but chiefly to flavor other medicines. Dose. Of the infusion, f^ij to f^iv ; oil, tr^ij to GELSEMIUM. Yellow Jasmine. (G. Sempervivens.) An excellent febrifuge. Used in neuralgia, headache, chorea, etc. Dose. Fluid extract, 3 to 20 drops. Tincture 10- 30 drops. GENTIANA. Gentian root. (Q. lutea.) Tonic, stomachic, in large doses aperient; anti- septic. Use. In dyspepsia, hysteria, jaundice ; gout, united with aromatics ; chlorosis, with chalybeates ; and dropsies, with squill and neutral salts. Externally in putrid ulcers. Dose. Gr. x to 7)ij. Vide Infusion, etc. GENTIANA CATESB^EI. Blue Gentian. Similar to the last. GERANIUM. Crane's Bill. {G. maculaturn.) A powerful astringent. Use. Diarrhoea, and in the second stage of dysen- tery after evacuants; cholera infantum; passive hemorrhages. An elegant remedy in cases of infants, or of persons with very delicate stomachs. Locally, to indolent ulcers, an injection in gleet and leucor- rhoea, a gargle in relaxation of the uvula and aphthous ulcerations of the throat. Dose. Of the powder, from gr. xx to gr. xxx ; of the decoction, from gj to §ij. It maybe given to children, boiled in milk. GEUM. Water Avens. ( G. rivale.) Tonic, astringent. Use. In diarrhoea, leucorrhoea, passive hemor- rhages, general debility. GOL 83 Dose. Of the powdered root, from Jj to 3J three times a day ; of the decoction, made with %] of the root to Oj of water, from f^j to fgij ; a weak decoc- tion is sometimes made by invalids as a substitute for coffee. GILLEXIA. Indian Physic. American Ipecac. (G. trifoliate.) Emetic, cathartic ; in small doses tonic. Use. As a mild emetic where such medicines are indicated; as a substitute for ipecacuanha. Dose. Of the powdered root, as an emetic, from gr. xx to gr. xxx, repeated every twenty minutes, till it operates : as alterative and tonic, from gr. v to gr. xv. GLECHOMA HEDERACEA. Ground-Ivy. In chronic diseases of lungs and kidneys. Dose. ^ss. to 3j. GLOBULARIA ALYPUM. Wild Senna of Europe. Cathartic and tonic. Dose. 3J in decoction. GLYCERATES. See Pharmaceutical preparations, p. 173. GLYCERIN A. Glycerine. Sweet principle of oils. Demulcent, antiseptic. Use. Externallv, in skin diseases, etc. GLYCYRRHIZA/ Liquorice root. (G. glabra.) Demulcent. Use. In catarrh ; but it is generally combined with other mucilages, and is a pleasant and useful demul- cent. Dose. Of the powder, gss. to §j. GXAPHALIUM MARGARITACEUM. Life-ever- lasting. Used as tea in pectoral and bowel complaints, and as poultice in bruises, etc. GOLD. Aurum. The preparations of gold are powerfully alterative, and have been but little studied. 84 GUA GOSSYPIUM. Cotton. (G. herbaceum.) Used in burns and to blisters, but often acts as an irritant in such cases. A solution of gun-cotton in ether forms collodion. A fluid extract used as emmenagogue and abortive. Dose. Of tinct. gj. GRANATUM. Pomegranate Bark and Flowers, and bark of the root. (Panica granatum.) Astringent, anthelmintic. Use. In chronic and colliquative diarrhoeas, and the protracted stage of dysentery ; for tapeworm ; externally, as an injection in leucorrhoea, and gargles in angina. Dose. In substance, gss. ; of a decoction fjss., every three hours. Incomp. Sulphate of iron, iodide of iron, nitrate of silver, acetates of lead. GRINDELIA EOBUSTA. Used in California for asthma ; also as an antidote to effects of poison- oak. Dose. A wineglassful of syrup from decoction. GUA CO. (Mikania Guaco.) Used as antidote to serpent-bites, etc. Dose. ^ss. to 3J of tinct. GUAIACI RESINA ET LIGNUM. Guaiacum Resin and Wood. (G. officinale.) Stimulant, diaphoretic ; in large doses purgative. Use. In chronic rheumatism, gout, cutaneous dis- eases, and the sequela of lues venerea. Dose. To produce its first effects, gr. v to Qj in pills, or in emulsion made with mucilage or yolk of egg ; to purge, gr. xv to gj, in the same form. Incomp. The mineral acids. GUANO. Bird Manure. Has been used as cataplasm in chronic inflamma- tion. HEL 85 GUTTA-PEBCHA. Isonandra gutta. Used for utensils, bandages, splints, etc. A solution in bisulphuret of carbon as an artificial cuticle. (See Liquor Gutta-Percha.) Also as a ve- hicle for caustics. H^EMATOXYLON. Logwood. (H. campechianum.) Astringent, tonic. Use. In the protracted stage of diarrhoea and dysentery, under the form of decoction. (R. Of the shavings %], water Oij. Boil to Oj, and strain.) Dose, f 3j to f^ij every three or four hours. Incomp. The mineral acids, acetic acid, solution of alum, sulphate of iron and of copper, acetate of lead, antimonii potassio-tartras. Opium, decoction of cinchona flava. HAMAMELIS VIBGINICA. Witch-hazel. Astringent, sedative, discutient. Used in hemorrhages and piles. For the latter, equal parts of this bark, white oak bark, and bark of the apple-tree, in decoction, made up with lard. HEDEOMA. Pennyroyal. (H. pulegioides.) An aromatic stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic, em- men agogue. Dose. Of infusion, ad libitum. Oil from TT\J to n\,x. HEDEBA HELIX. Ivy. Stimulant and emmenagogue. HELEBOBUS FCETIDUS. Bear's-foot. Anthelmintic. Dose. 5 grs. to J)j of dried leaves, or in decoction. HELENIUM AUTUMNALE. False Sun-flower. Errhine. HELIANTHEMUM. Frostwort. (H. Canadense.) Tonic and astringent. Dose. 2 grs. of extract. HELLEBOBUS. Black Hellebore Boot. (H. niger.) 86 HIE Cathartic, hydragogue, emmenagogue. Use. In mania and melancholia, dropsy, and in suppression of the menses in plethoric habits ; but it may be questioned whether it is equal to jalap, etc It is seldom obtained genuine. Dose. Gr. x to Qij purge strongly; to produce its other effects, gr. ij to gr. iij, three times a day. Sel- dom used in substance. HELONIAS DIOICA. False Unicorn. Starwort. In atony of generative organs. Dose. 3j of powdered root. HEMIDESMI EADIX. Indian Sarsaparilla. Tonic, diuretic, alterative. Dose. Wineglassful of infusion (^ij to Oj). HEP A TIC A. Liverwort. (H. Americana.) Demulcent, slightly tonic, astringent, diuretic, has no very active virtues. Use. In chronic coughs, haemoptysis and hepatic affections. The empirical preparations of this plant owe their efficacy to opium, which they contain in considerable quantities. HEKACLEUM. Masterwort. (H. lanatum.) Stimulant, carminative. Use. In epilepsy, attended with flatulence and gastric disorder. Dose, gij to giij of the powdered root daily, long continued, with a strong infusion of the leaves at bedtime. HEUCHEEA. Alum Eoot. (K Americana.) Very astringent. Use. Where astringents are indicated ; as a local application to ulcers and cancer ; also as a styptic. HIBISCUS ABELMOSCHUS. A. moschatus. Used in perfumery. A. esculentus is cultivated as okra, or gombo, for culinary purposes. HIEEACIUM VENOSUM. Eattlesnake-weed. HYD 87 Supposed antidote to rattlesnake bite. Dose. Wineglassful of infusion ( t ^ij to Oj). HIKUDO. The leech. Properties well known. HOEDEUM. Barley. Demulcent, nutritious. HUMULUS. Hops. (H. lupulus.) Narcotic, anodyne, diuretic. Use. In gout and rheumatism ; under the form of infusion in the proportion of gss. to Oj of boiling water; but the extract is preferable. The powder, formed into an ointment with lard, is said to ease the pain of open cancer. A pillow stuffed with hops is an old mode of procuring sleep in the wakefulness of delirious fever. Its power has been overrated. Dose. Gr. iij to J)j united with gss. of cinnamon water, twice or thrice a dav ; of the infusion, §jss. HUKA BEASILIENSIS. ~Assacon. Emeto-cathartic. HYDEANGEA AEBOEESCENS. Hydrangea. Proposed as a specific in gravel, or beginning of calculi. Dose. Fluid extract, ^j to gij. HYDEAEGYEI CHLOBIDUM COEEOSIVUM. Corrosive Sublimate. Stimulant, antisyphilitic, alterative. Use. In venereal complaints with the greatest ad- vantage, when a quick and general action is required ; but its effects are not permanent. In lepra, com- bined with antimonials ; and in chronic rheumatism. Dissolved in the proportion of gr. iij to water Oj, as a gargle in venereal sore throats ; and a little stronger we have found it useful as a gargle in breaking the abscess in cynanche tonsillaris. It is applied exter- nally to tetters, and for destroying fungus ; gr. iv in water Oj is a good wash in scabies. It may be given 88 HYD clysterwise, when the stomach will not bear it. Great caution is necessary in using it externally. Dose. Gr. y 1 ^ to \, made into a pill. When swal- lowed as a poison, the best antidote is white of egg. (Orfila.) Incomp. Vide Liquor Bichloridi. HYDEAKGYKI CHLOEIDUM MITE. Chloride of Mercury, or Calomel. (A chloride by sublimation.) Calomelas. (In prescribing, it is perhaps safest to use the term Calomelas.) Antisyphilitic, alterative ; in large doses purgative. Use. In venereal diseases and chronic hepatitis, combined with opium; in scrofula with cicuta; in convulsive affections with opium, camphor, assa- foetid a, etc. ; in dropsies with squill, foxglove, and elaterium ; and in rheumatism and lepra with anti- monials, guaiacum, and other sudorifics. As a pur- gative in any case not attended with intestinal in- flammation ; generally united with purgatives, as gamboge, scammony, jalap, or rhubarb. Dose. Gr. j to gr. ij, night and morning, in a pill ; if it do not purge it gradually excites ptyalism ; gr. iij to gr. x purge. Children bear larger doses than adults proportionally. A powder made by tritura- ting it with 10 times its weight of sugar acts as a laxative in doses of 10 grs., and l.to 2 grs. as a mild alterative in cholera infantum, etc. Incomp. Nitric and hydrochloric acids, alkalies and their carbonates, lime-water, soaps, sulphurets, iron, lead, copper. The bicarbonates of the alkalies do not decompose it. HYDEAKGYKI CYANIDUM. Cyanide of Mer- cury. Dose. T V gr. HYDEAEGYEI IODIDUM VIEIDE. Iodide of Mercury. Protiodide of Mercury. HYD 89 • Excitant, alterative. Use. In strumous affections and lepra ; as an ex- ternal application. The iodides of mercury are among our most powerful alteratives, uniting in their effects the properties of both their constituents. They affect the mouth more speedily than other mercurials, and are particularly indicated in scrofula and sec- ondary syphilis, in scrofulous habits. Externally, they are used successfully in ulcers, ill-conditioned sores, swelled joints, where we wish to promote the action of the absorbents ; and neuralgic affections. Dose. Gr. J to gr. ij, in pill or dissolved in alcohol. HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM RUBRUM. Red Iodide of Mercury. (Biniodide of Mercury.) Dose. Gr. ^ to J. HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM RUBRUM. Red Oxide of Mercury. Red precipitate. Used externally. HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM NIGRUM. Black Ox- ide of Mercury. In scrofula, cutaneous affections, and as an altera- tive in venereal diseases. Dose. Gr. \ to J. HYDRARGYRI SULPHAS FLAVA. Yellow Sul- phate of Mercury. (Turpeth Mineral.) Prop. A lemon-yellow powder, almost insoluble in water; entirely dissipated by heat, sulphuric acid being evolved, and metallic globules sublimed. HYDRARGYRI SULPHURETUM NIGRUM. Sul- phuret of Mercury. (Ethiops Mineral.) Alterative. Use. In scrofula and cutaneous diseases. Dose. Gr. v to gss. HYDRARGYRI SULPHURETUM RUBRUM. Cinnabar. Sometimes used in fumigation as a sialagogue. 90 HYD HYDEAEGYEUM AMMONIATUM. Ammonio- chloride, or White Precipitated Mercury. White precipitate. (A binoxide, combined with bichloride of mercury and ammonia, forming a triple salt.) Detergent. Use. As an external application, united with lard. In scabies, and some other cutaneous affections. HYDEAEGYEUM CUM CEETA. Mercury with Chalk. (A protoxide, formed by trituration with car- bonate of lime.) Take of Mercury ^iij, Prepared Chalk §v. Eub together till all the globules disap- pear. Alterative, antisyphilitic. Use. In porrigo, and other cutaneous affections ; in venereal complaints its operation is so slow and weak as to merit no attention. An alterative in visceral diseases of children, especially in chronic diarrhoea and cholera infantum. Dose. Gr. v to gss., twice a day, in any viscid sub- stance. Incomp. Acids and acidulous salts. HYDEAEGYEUM CUM MAGNESIA. Mercury with Magnesia. (A protoxide, formed by trituration with carbonate of magnesia.) In every respect this preparation resembles the former ; the employment of the carbonate of magne- sia instead of chalk, does not alter the properties nor the virtues of the remedy. HYDEASTIS CANADENSIS. Yellow Eoot. Tonic, astringent. Use. In infusion, as Collyria, to old ulcers, in gon- orrhoea, gleet, etc. *Dose. Injection of infusion. (§ss. Hydrastis, in powder, §viij Cold Water) four or five times a day, after urination, in gonorrhoea and gleet, fgj of fluid extract, in dyspepsia, etc. ICH 91 HYDEOCOTYLE ASIATICA. Thick-leaved Penny- wort. Diuretic. Dose. ,§j to Oj of boiling water, dailv. HYOSCYAMI FOLIA ET SEMINA. Henbane Leaves and Seeds. (H. niger.) Xarcotic, anodyne, antispasmodic, slightly stimu- lant. Use. In epilepsy, hysteria, palpitation, palsy, mania, and scirrhus, as a substitute for opium to procure sleep in nervous habits, pertussis, asthma, catarrh, gout, rheumatism, externally as a cataplasm in cancer and glandular swellings; and to dilate the pupil, or in fine powder sprinkled on cancerous sores, to allay pain. Dose. Gr. iij to gr. x of the powder ; but generally the extract is preferred. HYPERICUM PERFORATUM. St, Johnswort. Astringent. L^sed in domestic practice in doses of gij of the summits. HYPOPHOSPHITES. The hypophosphites of lime and soda have been extensively used in tuberculosis, etc. For defects in the osseous system, they seem well adapted. Dose. 10-30 grs. 3 times a dav. HYSSOPUS OFFICINALIS. Hyssop. Stimulant, aromatic. Used in infusion. IBER1S AMARA. Bitter Candy-tuft, Used in rheumatism, asthma, and dropsy. Dose. Of seeds 1-3 grs. ICHTHYOCOLLA. Isinglass. Sounds of the swim- ming-bladders of fishes, as the Weak Fish and Cod, but especially the different species of sturgeon. Nutritive, demulcent, externally adhesive. 92 iod Use. As a diet for the sick and convalescent, and infants troubled with acidity of the primse vise. As an article of diet and in cholera infantum, far prefer- able to vegetable farinaceous substances, as arrowroot, etc. The English court-plaster is made with it. Incomp. Astringent vegetable infusions, carb. potash, alcohol. IGNATIA. Ignatia bean. Similar to Nux Vomica. Dose. Of Extract J gr. to 1 gr. ILEX OPACA. American Holly. The bitter principle, ilisin, has been proposed as a substitute for quinia. IMPATIENS FULVA. Touch-me-not. An ointment made by boiling the plant in lard, used in piles. IMPEKATOBIA OSTKUTHIUM. Masterwort. Stimulant, aromatic. INFUSA. Infusions. See Pharmaceutical prepara- tions, p. 155. INDIGO. Has been used in epilepsy, etc. Dose. 9j to gj. INULA. Elecampane. (I. helenium.) Tonic, diuretic, expectorant. Use. In dyspepsia, paralysis, dropsies, asthma. Dose. 9j to 5j in powder. IODIDE OF AMMONIUM. Similar to Iodide of Potass. • Dose. 1-3 grs. IODIDE OF ANTIMONY. Alterative. Dose. J gr. to 1 gr. IODIDE OF BAEIUM. Alterative. Dose. \ gr. to 2 grs. iod 93 IODIDE OF CALCIUM. Used in tuberculosis, etc. Dose. 1-4 grs. IODIDE OF SILVER. Substitute for internal use of Nit. Silv. Dose. 1-2 grs. iodide of Sodium. A substitute for Iod. Potass. IODIDE OF STARCH. Vehicle for large doses of Iodine. IODIDE OF ZINC. Externally to enlarged tonsils (10-20 grs. to f §j water I . IODIXIUM. Iodine. Stimulant, absorbent, eminenagogue, alterative. Use. In bronchocele and other glandular swellings, not of scirrhous nature, scrofula, dropsy, cutaneous diseases, secondary syphilis, rheumatism, gout, hepa- titis ; to bring on menstruation in young females in whom it has not occurred ; to assist the cicatrization of venereal ulcers. Dose. From gr. i to gr. i, in solution with Iod. Potass. IODOFORM. Teriodide of Formyle. As ointment, suppository, etc., in painful affections. Anodyne, in addition to virtues of Iodine. 10 DO - HYDRARGYRATE OF POTASSIUM. — (Iod. Potass, grs. iiiss.. Biniodide Mercury grs. ivss., Aqua destil. f 3 j . Dissolve first the red Iod. Merc, then the Iod. Potass. This solution contains grs. viij.) Use. In pulmonary complaints, dyspepsia, ainen- orrhcea, etc. Increases all the secretions. A most admirable remedy. Dose. 2 to 10 drops of the solution three times a day in syr. sarsaparilla. 94 JAL IODO-TANNIN. Used externally in solution, and internally in form of syrup. IPECACUANH^E BADIX. Ipecacuan Boot. (Ce- phcelis Ipecac.) Emetic in large doses; sudorific, expectorant, in smaller. Use. To produce vomiting in the commencement of fevers, phthisis, inflammatory diseases, buboes, swelled testicles, and before the paroxysms of ague; to excite nausea in dysentery, asthma, pertussis, hemorrhages, pneumonia, and combined with opium, to produce diaphoresis in rheumatism, gout and febrile disorders. Dose. For the first intention, gr. xx, alone, or united with tartar emetic gr. j ; for the second, gr. j to gr. iij ; and the third, gr. ij to gr. vj, with opium Incomp. Vegetable acids, astringent vegetable in- fusions. IBIS FLOBENTINA. Florentine Orris. Peculiar fragrant odor, bitterish, acrid taste. Oper. Cathartic, emetic, diuretic. Use. In dropsy ; but chiefly used for its fragrance in tooth-powder, to correct an offensive breath; to keep up a discharge from issues in the form of small round balls. IBIS VEBSICOLOB. Blue Flag. Cathartic, emetic, diuretic. Use. But seldom employed, owing to the distress- ing nausea and prostration it occasions. Dose. Dried root, gr. x to gr. xx. JALAPA. Jalap. (Ipomea jalapa.) Cathartic ; the resinous part gripes violently. Use. In costiveness, mania, worms, and as a hy- dragogue in dropsy. It is also a good adjunct to KIN 95 quicken the operation of the chloride of mercury, and other purgative? of slow operation. A drop of essential oil prevents its griping. Dose. Gr. x to j^ss. in pills or a bolus. JEFFERSOXIA DIPHYELA. Twin-leaf. Not unlike seneka in effect. JUGLANS. Butternut. J. einerea.) Cathartic : operating without pain or irritation, resembling rhubarb. Use. In habitual costiveness : fevers, combined with calomel ; hepatic diseases with dandelion. Dose. Gr. xx to gr. xxx as a purge, gr. v, laxative. JUNIPERUS. Juniper Fruits and Tops. ' (J. Com- munis.) Diuretic, carminative, diaphoretic. Use. In dropsies : but they cannot be depended on alone, although they are an admirable adjunct to digitalis and squills. Dose. 9j to gss., triturated with sugar, three or four times a day. The best form of exhibiting the fruit is an infusion made with 3 iij bruised, and boil- ins: water Oj. JUNIPERUS VIRGINIAN A. Eed Cedar. Stimulant, emmenagogue, diuretic, diaphoretic. Use. In amenorrhea, chronic rheumatism, dropsy ; externally, as an irritant ointment, made by boiling the fresh leaves in twice their weight of lard, and adding a little wax ; or the dried leaves may be mixed with six times their weight of resin cerate. Applied to blistered surfaces to keep up a purulent discharge ; inferior to the savine. KALMIA LATIFOLLA. Mountain Laurel. Has been used in diarrhoea, syphilis, and cutane- ous eruptions ; but is too dangerous. KIXO. Pterocarpus marsupium. Astringent. 96 LEP Use. In obstinate chronic diarrhoeas ; uterine, in- testinal, and pulmonary hemorrhages, fluor albus. Dose. Gr. x to gr. xx in powder ; or in solution of the powder gj, mucilage of gum f gj, cinnamon water f ^v ; two tablespoonfuls occasionally. Vide Tinct. Incomp. The mineral acids, alkalies and their car- bonates ; acetates of lead, nitrate of silver, tartar emetic, sulphate of iron, bichloride of mercury. KOOSO. Flowers of Brayera anthelmintica. An Abyssinian vermifuge of great repute. Dose. Jss. to an adult, followed by a cathartic. KRAMEBIA. Ehatany Eoot. (K. triandra.) Astringent, diuretic, detergent. Use. In dysentery attended with bloody stools ; in ulceration of the gums, and as a stomachic in dys- pepsia. Dose. ^ss. to 5j in powder. LACTUCABIUM. Narcotic, diaphoretic. Use. In coughs, phthisis pulmonalis, and all pain- ful affections. Dose. From grs. ij to grs. vj. LAPPA. Burdock. (L. minor.) Aperient, diaphoretic. Dose. Of decoction (gij bruised root in Oiij water boiled to Oij) Oj during the day. LAVANDULA. Lavender Flowers. (L. vera.) Stimulant, slightly errhine. LEONTICE THALICTEOIDES. Blue Cohosh. Diuretic, diaphoretic, anthelmintic, exerts a special influence on the uterus. Useful in chronic uterine disease. Dose. Fluid extract, 15 to 40 drops. LEONUEUS CABDIACA. Motherwort. Infusion or decoction used in amenorrhcea, etc. LEPTANDEA VIRGINICA. Culver's Phvsic. LIT 97 Violent cathartic, emetic. LIATE1S SPICATA. Button Snakeroot. Diuretic, cholagogue, laxative. Dose. Fluid extract, 5j to gij. LIGUSTICUM LEVISTICUM. Loveage. Stimulant, aromatic. Test for limestone water, which it turns blue. LIMONES. Lemons. {Citrus limonum.) Juice refrigerant, antiseptic; bark and oil excitant. Use. The juice as a beverage, diluted with water and sweetened, is useful in febrile and inflammatory complaints, cooling and quenching thirst: alone or combined with wine, in scorbutis ; with camphor mix- ture, decoction of cinchona, or wine, in putrid sore throats, remittent fevers, diabetes, and lienteria ; and with common salt in dysentery and colics. Dose, f ^ij, or more, two or three times a day ; di- luted ad libitum. LLN1MENTA. Liniments. See Pharmaceutical pre- parations, p. 174. LINUM. Flaxseed. (L. usitatissimum.) Demulcent, emollient. Use. In catarrh, dysentery, strangury, etc., as enema and as poultice. Dose. Of decoction, ad libitum. LIQUORES. Solutions. See Pharmaceutical prepa- rations, p. 157. LIKIODENDKON. Tulip-Tree Bark. (L.tulipifera.) Tonic, diaphoretic, stimulant. Use. In intermittents, chronic rheumatism, dys- pepsia. Dose. Of the powder, gss. to gij. Infusion, fgj to fgij. LITHLE CARBON AS. Carbonate of Lithia. Solvent of uric acid. Dose. 3-6 grs., best in carbonic acid water. 7 98 MAG LITHIJE CITEAS. Citrate of Lithia. Dose. 5-10 grs. LOBELIA. Indian Tobacco. (L. inflata.) Emetic, purgative, expectorant, antispasmodic. Use. In the paroxysms of asthma; in croup, whooping-cough. Dose. In powder, gr. iv to gr. xx ; infusion, f§j, tincture TT\,xv to rr\,xxx. LONICEKA CAPKIFOLIUM. Honeysuckle. A syrup of the flowers used in asthma, etc. Fruit emetic and cathartic. LYCOPUS. Bugle Weed. (L. Virginicus.) Narcotic, tonic, diaphoretic. Use. In affections of the lungs, quiets irritation, allays cough, diminishes the pulse. Dose. Of the infusion, ad libitum. LYTHKUM SALICABIA. Purple Willow-herb. Demulcent and astringent. Dose. Of powdered herb, ^j. Decoction, (gj to Oj,) MAGNESIA. Magnesia. (Obtained from Carbonate of Magnesia, by exposure to a strong heat.) Mag- nesia Usta. Antacid ; laxative when it meets with acids in the stomach. Use. In heartburn, aphthae, and other acidities: preferable to chalk when the bowels are costive. Sometimes it is given in dysentery, combined with ipecacuanha and opium, and followed by successive draughts of lemonade. Dose. Grs. x to gj occasionally, in water or milk. Incomp. Acids, metallic salts; hydrochlorate of ammonia. MAGNESIA CABBONAS. (Prepared from Sulphate of Magnesia by Carbonate of Soda.) Antacid ; laxative when it meets with acid. MAN 99 Use. The same as that of magnesia ; but, owing to the carbonic acid, it sometimes occasions unpleasant distension. Dose. fgss. to gij in water. MAGNESIA SULPHAS. - Sulphate, of Magnesia. (Obtained from sea-water : magnesian limestone.) Purgative, diuretic. Use. In all cases which require purgatives. It operates without griping, and, when united with infu- sion of roses acidulated, will sit on the stomach when all other things are rejected. The less it is diluted, if a draught of warm water be taken an hour after- wards, the better and more easily it operates. An adjunct to clysters. Dose. ^ss. to §j. In clysters, ,5jss. to §iij. Incomp. The fixed alkalies and their carbonates, lime-water, chloride of barium, nitrate of silver, acetates of lead. MAGNOLIA. Magnolia. (M. glauca, etc.) A gently stimulating aromatic tonic, and diapho- retic. Use. In intermittents, chronic rheumatism, and gastric debility. Dose. Of the powdered bark, gss. to 5j often re- peated. The infusion is less efficient. MALAMBO. Matias or Winter's Bark. Aromatic, tonic, and febrifuge. MALVA. Common Mallow. (Malva sylvestris.) Demulcent, similar to Linum. MANDKAGOKA OFFICINALIS. Mandrake. Poisonous, narcotic. Sometimes used externally to painful tumors. MANGANESE. The salts of this metal have been advantageously combined with those of iron, in anaemia, etc. Doses. Of Iodide, 10-30 drops of syrup : Of Phos- phate, 1 gr. : Of Lactate, 1-5 grs. 100 MEL MANGANESII OXIDUM. Oxide of Manganese. Use. In syphilis, scurvy, itch, and porrigo. Dose. 3 to 20 grs. in pill, Ointment gij to gj Lard. MANGANESII SULPHAS. Sulphate of Manganese. A cholagogue purgative in dose of 3J— 3ij ; as a tonic, 5-20 grs. MANNA. Manna. (Ornus Europcea.) Laxative, apt to gripe. Use. As a purgative for children, who readily take it on account of its sweetness ; but more generally it is used as an adjunct to other purgatives. Dose. ^ss. to gij alone, or dissolved in fluid purga- tives. MARANTA. Arrowroot. (A. arundinacea.) When boiled with water or milk, it forms a mild, nutritious article of food, well adapted for infants and convalescents ; a tablespoonful into Oj of water. MARRUBIUM. White Horehound. (M. vulgare.) Tonic, diuretic, laxative, emmenagogue. Use. In hysteria, chronic catarrh, and pituitous asthma; obstruction of the catamenia; seldom used. Dose. In powder gss. to gj ; of the expressed juice, f^ss. to f^jss. ; or of this infusion (Marrub. Fol. §ss., Aquae Ferv. Oj) a large glassful twice or, thrice a day. MASTICHE. Mastich (resinous tears of Pistacia). Use. Formerly in place of turpentine; now chiefly in ethereal solution, to stop carious teeth. MATICO. Piper augustifolium. Aromatic, tonic, stimulant, styptic. Dose. gss. to gij, three times a day. MATRICARIA. German Chamomile (flowers of M. Cham.). Similar to chamomile in effects. MEL. Honey. Aperient, externally detergent ; stimulant. MEN 101 Use. Seldom used internally as a medicine ; but when freely eaten is apt to produce colic ; externally as an adjunct to gargles in cynanche tonsillaris ; in aphthae; sometimes applied to foul ulcers. MEL DESPUMATUM. Prepared Honey. (Take of Clarified Honey Oss.j Diluted Alcohol Oj, Prepared Chalk 5 SS - Having mixed the honey and diluted alcohol, add the prepared chalk, and allow the mix- ture to stand for two hours, occasionally stirring it. Then heat it to ebullition, filter, and by means of a water-bath evaporate the clear liquor, so that when cold it may have the specific gravity 1.32.) MELISSA. Balm. (if. officinalis.) Stomachic, diuretic. Use. Made into tea ; it is used as a diluent in feb- rile diseases, seldom used in substance. Dose. Of the powder, grs. x to Qij. MEL KOSiE. Eose Honey. (Kosae Gallicae Exsiccat. ^ij, Aquae Ferv. Oss., Mellis Despurn. Oij. Infuse the roses six hours ; add the strained liquor to the honey, and evaporate to a proper consistence in a water- bath.) Astringent, detergent. Use. Chiefly in gargles, in ulceration, and inflam- mation of the mouth and fauces (R. Mellis Bosae §j, Acidi Hydrochlorici n\ xxx, Aquae f^vj ; forms a good detergent in aphtha gangrenosa; as a vehicle for other remedies in infantile diseases). MEL SOD.E BOKATIS. Honey of Borax. Borax 60 grs., Honey §j. Used in aphthae. MENISPEKMUM CANADENSE. Moonseed. Substitute for Sarsaparilla. MENTHA PIPEKITA. Peppermint. Stomachic, carminative. Use. Vide under Oleum Mentha? Piperitae. 102 MON Dose. Grs. x to gj ; scarcely ever in substance. MENTHA VIRIDIS. Spearmint. Stomachic, carminative. Use. Vide under Oleum Menthae Viridis. An in- fusion of it is a good diluent in febrile diseases. Dose. Grs. x to 3j ; scarcely ever used in sub- MENYANTHES. Buck Beam {M. trifoliata.) Tonic, diuretic, purgative ; in large doses emetic. Use. In inter mitten ts, arthritic and chronic rheu- matic affections, and in cachectic and herpetic diseases. Dose. 9j to 3J of the dried powdered leaves ; f ^j to f^jss. of the infusion. (Menyanth, fol. sic. gss., Aquae Oss.) MESENNA. Bisenna. An Abyssinian vermifuge for teniae. MEZEREUM. Mezereon Bark. {Daphne mezereum.) Stimulant, diaphoretic, in large doses emetic. Use. In venereal diseases, but its efficacy is doubtful. It is sometimes useful in the sequelae of syphilis ; in chronic rheumatism, lepra, and scrofulous swellings ; and chewing frequently thin slices of the recent root has been found useful in palsy of the tongue; exter- nally, the fresh bark, soaked in vinegar, is useful for keeping open issues. Dose. Of the powder gr. j, gradually increased to grs. x. MISTUR^E. Mixtures. See Pharmaceutical prepa- rations, p. 163. MITCHELLA REPENS. Partridge-berry. Diuretic, astringent. Similar to Pipsissewa. MOMORDICA BALSAMINA Balsam Apple. Extract said to be useful in dropsy in 6-15 grs. MONARDA. Horsemint. (M. punctata.) Stimulant, carminative. Use. In flatulent colic, and sick stomach. muc 103 MONESIA. A vegetable extract from S. America. Alterative, astringent. Dose. 2-10 «ts. MORPHIA. Morphia. Xarcotic, excitant. Use. Chiefly to prepare the more soluble salts. Dissolved in oil, and rubbed upon the skin, it pro- duces narcotic effects. MORPHLE ACETAS. Acetate of Morphia. Narcotic. Dose. From J of grain to gr. J ; endermically, gr. ss. to grs. iij to the skin, where the cuticle has been removed by a blister. MORPHLE MURIAS. Muriate of Morphia. As a narcotic, it is preferable to the acetate. Dose. Gr. f. MORPHLE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Morphia. Powerfully narcotic and sedative. Use. In all cases requiring the use of opium. Dose. From gr. J to gr. \. *.£* It is distinguished from sulphate of quinia, which it resembles, by becoming red when treated with concentrated nitric acid. MOSCHUS. Musk. Stimulant, antispasmodic diaphoretic. Use. In spasmodic affections, as hysteria, singultus, • pertussis, trismus, and epilepsy. In typhus attended with subsultus ten din urn ; in cholera it checks the vomiting; and it arrests the progress of gangrene. It raises the pulse and excites the nervous system without heating. Dose. Grs. ij to ^ss., everv three or four hours. MUOILAGO ACACLE. Mucilage of Gum Arabic. (^iv of Pulv. Acacia to Oss. Boiling Water gss. of gum in each fHj-f^ss. sufficient for a £vj or 3 v i i j mixture. MUCILAGO TRAGACAXTHJE. Mucilage of Trag- 104 NAP acanth. (Gummi Astragali Tragacanthse Triti gij, Aq. Bull, f^viij. Macerate for twenty-four hours, then triturate till the gum is dissolved, and press through linen cloth.) Use. In pharmaceutical purposes. MUCUNA. Cowhage. (M. pruriens.) Vermifuge. Dose. Mixed with molasses, a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful every morning for three days, followed by a cathartic. MUSK, ARTIFICIAL. Antispasmodic. Dose. 10 grs. MYEICA CERIFERA. Wax Myrtle. Bay-berry. Bark tonic and astringent. Dose. In powder 20-30 grs. Alcoholic extract 5 grains. MYRISTICA. Nutmegs, Mace, and the Essential Oil. (M. moschata.) Stimulant, stomachic, narcotic in large doses. Use. To relieve nausea and vomiting, and to check diarrhoea ; but chiefly to give flavor to other remedies. Being narcotic, they are hurtful in apoplectic and paralytic habits. Dose. Of the nutmeg and mace, grs. v to 7)j ; of the oil, ir\,ij to n^yj. MYKRHA. Myrrh. (Balsamodendron myrrha.) Stimulant, expectorant. Use. In cachectic complaints, humoral asthma, chronic catarrh and phthisis pulmonalis, unattended by hectic or much active inflammation. Dose. Grs. x to ^j in powder, united with nitre, camphor, sulphate of potassa, sulphate of zinc, or of iron. NAPHTHA. Petroleum. Use. A stimulating antispasmodic and sudorific, opi 105 given in disorders of the chest, especially in the West Indies ; for the tapeworm in Germany, by mixing one part petroleum with one and a half parts Tinct. Assafoetida, of which 40 drops are given three times a day. Latterly recommended highly in the cure of consumption. Also in cutaneous diseases. Dose. Mix Qj naphtha, suspended by a small quantity of boiling alcohol, in ^iv simple syrup, and give a teaspoonful every fifteen minutes till expec- toration is fully established. MixQiij naphtha with 9 xxx lard, and apply in tinea, psoriasis, etc. British oil is made by mixing the following ingre- dients: R. Olei Terebinth, f^viij, Olei Lini fgviij, Olei Succini f ,^iv, Olei Juniperi f^iv, Petrolei Bar- badens f^iij, Petrolei Americana (Seneca Oil) 5J. Mix. NECTANDKA. Bebeeru bark. (See Bebeeru.) Tonic, febrifuge. Dose. 9j to 3j. NUX VOMICA. Vide Strychnos. OLEA. Oils. See page 149. ONION, Garden Onion. (Allium Cepa.) Stimulant, diuretic, expectorant, rubefacient. Dose. A teaspoonful of juice, with sugar, in non- inflammatory catarrhs of children. OPIUM. Opium. Stimulant in small doses, but in larger narcotic, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, sedative, anodyne; ex- ternally, its stimulant effects are considerable, but soon followed by its narcotic. Use. In all painful affections, where the inflam- matory diathesis is not very considerable ; in diar- rhoea and dysentery ; intermittents ; in typhus, in smaller doses as a cordial, in larger to allay irrita- tion and produce sleep; cholera and pyrosis; in rheumatism when inflammatory fever is not present ; 106 opi retrocedent goat; and in convulsive and spasmodic diseases. When combined with calomel, in inflam- mation, after bloodletting, and in syphilis, as well as to arrest the progress of gangrene. It is employed in a watery solution, containing gr. ij in f §j of water, as an injection in gonorrhoea and spasmodic stricture, as an adjunct to clysters in diarrhoea ; and by friction, united with oil in tetanus and other spasms. Dose. Gr. J to gr. ss., to produce its stimulant effects ; gr. j to grs. ij, is narcotic ; but in spasmodic complaints it has been given to a very great ex- tent. Incomp. Lime-water, alkaline carbonates, bichlo- ride of mercury, nitrate of silver, sulphates of zinc, copper, and iron, infusion of yellow bark, astringent infusions and decoctions, solutions of catechu and of kino ; acetates of lead. *#* When opium has been taken as a poison, the stomach should be first evacuated by the stomach- pump, worked with infusion of yellow bark, or by emetics containing very little water, and, after the whole of the opium has been evacuated, aromatic stimulants given, and mustard cataplasms applied externally. As the dose of opium varies much, according to circumstances, and as the quantities vary in pharma- ceutical preparations, we have thought it advisable to insert the following table of proportions for refer- ence: Opium. Dose. \ of a grain to 2 grs. or more. Acetum Opii (Black drop) contains 1 gr. Opium in fflvii. Confectio Opii contains 1 gr. Opium in grs. xxxvi. Morphia. l-6th of a gr. equivalent to gr. j Opium. Morphia Acetas. l-6th of a grain equivalent to gr.j Opium. PiE 107 Liquor Morphias Acetatis. l-6th gr. Morphia in TT\,v. Morphice Murias. Same as Morphia. Morphice Sulphas. Same as Morphia. Pilulce Oalomelanos et Opii. 1 gr. Opium to iij grs. Calomel. Pilulce Opii. 1 gr. Opium in each pill. Pilulce Plumbi Opiatce. One-half gr. Opium in each. Pilulce Saponis Compositce. 1 gr. Opium in grs. v. Pulvis Ipecacuanhce et Opii. 1 gr. Opium in grs. x. Tinctura Opii (Laudanum). 1 gr. Opium in rr\,xix. Tinctura Opii Camphor -ata (Paregoric). 1 grain Opium in f ^ss. Tinctura Opii Acetata. 1 gr. Opium in Tt^xx. Trochisci Glycyrrhiza et Opii. One-tenth grain in each, Vinum Opii. Same as tincture. ORIGANUM. Common Marjoram. (0. vulgare.) Tonic, stomachic, emmenagogue? Use. In debilities of the stomach ; scarcely ever used. Dose. Grs. x to J)j in powder. OROBANCHE VIRGINIANA. Beech drops. Can- cer-root. A parasite on the root of the beech. Astringent. OXALATE OF IRON. . A chalybeate without astringency. Dose. 2-3 grs. in pill. OXALIC ACID. Has been used in phthisis, for night-sweats, etc., in dose of J gr. Antidote to poisonous dose, Magnesia or chalk. OXALIS ACETOSELLA. Wood sorrel. Refrigerant. Useful in scurvy in infusion. P^ONIA OFFICINALIS. Peony. Has been useful in epilepsy. Dose. Decoction of fresh root gij to ^j boiled from Oj to Oss. daily. 108 pho PANAX. Ginseng. Root of P. quinquefolium. Demulcent. The Chinese panacea. PAPAVER. White Poppy Capsules. (P. somniferum.) Relaxant, anodyne. Use. Externally as a fomentation (§iv of the dried heads being bruised and boiled in Oiv of water to Oij), to inflamed or ulcerated parts. The addition of a little distilled vinegar aids the narcotic power of the decoction. PAREIRA. Pareira brava. Tonic, aperient, diuretic. Use. In irritable bladder. Dose. Grs. xxx to gj. Tincture (one part to five of alcohol) fgj. PARTHENIUM INTEGRIFOLIUM. Prairie Dock. Antiperiodic. Dose, gij in infusion equals ^j Sulph. Quin. PAULLIOTA. Guarana. Tonic, nervine. Dose. 8-10 grs. of Alcoholic Extract. PEPO. Pumpkin Seed. Used to expel tape-worm. Dose. About Jij, in emulsion, etc. PESSARIES, MEDICATED. Cacao butter, impregnated with medicine for appli- cation to the uterus — as Alum 15 grs., Tannin 10 grs., Iodide of Lead 5 grs., Opium 2 grs., Oxide of Zinc 15 grs., Perchloride of Iron 5 grs., etc. PETROSELINUM. Parsley Root. (P. sativum.) Aperient, diuretic. Use. In nephritic and dropsical affections ; given in infusion. Juice as a substitute for Quinia. PHOSPHAS SOD^E. Phosphate of Soda. Purgative. Use. In all cases where the bowels require to be opened. When dissolved in broth made without salt, the taste of the phosphate is not perceived. pip 109 Dose. 3j to gjjj. Incomp. Alum, chalk, and all salts with an earthy base. PHOSPHORUS. A powerful stimulant, particularly of kidneys and genitals. - Dose. 4-5rr\, of a solution of 1 part to 4 of Chloro- form. PHYSOSTIGMA. Calabar bean. (P. Venenosum.) A spinal sedative, gastric irritant ; contracts the pupil of the eye. Use. J- gr. of Alcoholic extract by subcutaneous in- jection in tetanus. PHYTOLACCA BACCA ET KADIX. Poke Ber- ries. Poke Root. (P. decandra.) Emetic, purgative, alterative, and narcotic. A nar- cotico-acrid poison. Use. The juice, evaporated to an extract, is em- ployed as an escharotic by cancer doctors. As an al- terative in small doses in chronic rheumatism. As an ointment in psora, tinea capitis, and other cutane- ous diseases. Dose. As an emetic, from grs. x to grs. xxx. As an alterative, from gr. j to *grs. v. PILUL^E. Pills. See Pharmaceutical preparations, p. 170. PIMENTA. Pimenta Berries. (Myrtus Pimenta.) Stimulant, carminative. Use. Chiefly as a condiment, and as an adjunct to other medicines. Dose. Gr. v to Qij. PIPER LONGUM. Long Pepper. Similar to Black Pepper. PIPER NIGRUM. Black Pepper. Tonic, antiperiodic, stimulant, carminative. Use. To check nausea in gouty habits ; remove 110 PLU hiccough ; and increase excitement in palsy. Steeped in rum it cures ague. A watery infusion of pepper has been found a useful gargle in relaxation of the uvula. Dose. Gr. x to n)j, variously combined. PIX. Pitch. Stimulant, tonic. Use. In cutaneous diseases and piles. Dose. 10 gr. to £j in pills ; externally as ointment. PIX BUKGUNDICA. Burgundy Pitch. External rubefacient. PIX CANADENSIS. Hemlock Pitch. As a gentle rubefacient, analogous to Burgundy pitcb, and employed in the same cases. PIXLIQUIDA. Tar. Stimulant, diuretic, sudorific ; externally detergent. Use. Internally in ichthyosis ; externally it is ap- plied to foul ulcers, and tinea capitis. PLANTAGO MA JOE. Plantain. Eefrigerant, diuretic, but feeble. Used domestically as a dressing for sores. PLATINUM. The Bichloride of Platinum has been used in syphilis, in the same way as iodine, arsenic, and gold, in J gr. doses. PLUMBI ACETAS. Acetate of Lead. Astringent in weak solutions, cooling and sedative ; in strong (gj to water f^vj) stimulant. Use. Internally in visceral hemorrhages washed down with water acidulated with distilled vinegar, which seems to prevent its deleterious effects. Ex- ternally, in solution in phlegmonous inflammations, burns, bruises, gonorrhoea, etc. Dose. Gr. ss. to grs. 3, made into a pill with gr. ss. of opium, and crumb of bread. Distilled water must be used for the solution, and a little acetic acid added. Incomp. Alkalies, earths, acids, alum ; borax, soaps, POL 111 tartarized iron and antimony ; lime-water, hard water, sulphuretted hydrogen. PLUMBI CABBONAS. Carbonate of Lead. Astringent, sedative. Use. Sprinkled on parts affected with local in- flammation ; in the formation of ointments and plasters. PLUMBI IODIDUM. Iodide of Lead. Used in ointment for the effects of its constituents. PLUMBI NITBAS. Nitrate of Lead. Externally used as sedative and disinfectant. PLUMBI OXIDUM. Litharge. Used in plasters. PODOPHYLLIN, or resin of podophyllum is much used. Dose. As laxative -J- to \ of a grain, as purgative \ to 1 gr. PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. May Apple. Mandrake. An active and certain cathartic, producing copious liquid discharges, resembling jalap. Use. In most inflammatory affections, where brisk purging is indicated ; and also in bilious fevers and hepatic congestions ; also in dropsical, rheumatic, and scrofulous complaints, in combination with super- tartrate of potassa. A substitute for calomel. Dose. Of the powdered root, gr. xx. It is also used in the form of an extract. POLYGALA EUBELLA. Bitter Polygala. Tonic, laxative, and diaphoretic, according to the dose. Use. To impart tone to the digestive organs, in the form of infusion. POLYGONUM PUNCTATUM. Water Pepper. Stimulant, diuretic, emmenagogue, vesicant. Dose. Fluid extract 10 to 60 drops. 112 POT POPULUS TEEMULOIDES. American Poplar. Tonic, diuretic, febrifuge. Used in intermittents. Dose. 4 to 8 grs. of populin. The buds of P. bal- samifera are often steeped in spirits and applied to bruises, etc. They are balsamic. POTASSA. Fused Potassa. (Prepared by evaporating the solution of potassa to dryness, in an iron vessel.) Powerfully escharotic. Use. For forming issues. It has also been used to remove strictures. POTASSA CUM CALCE. Potassa with Lime. Vienna Caustic. Equal parts of potassa and lime rubbed together — prepared for use by being made into paste with a little alcohol. A milder and more manageable caustic than po- POTASS.E ACETAS. Acetate of Potassa. Mildly cathartic, diuretic. Use. In febrile diseases, dropsies, icterus, and visceral obstructions. Dose. 9j to 3j, as diuretic; gij to ^iij open the bowels. Incomp. Mineral acids, decoction of tamarinds, bichloride of mercury, nitrate of silver, sulphates of soda and of magnesia, hydrochlorate of ammonia, tartrate of potassa. POTASSiE BICARBONAS. Bicarbonate of Potassa, Use. The same as that of the carbonate, but it is less acrid. Dose. 3j-Bij. POTASS^E BICHROMAS. Bichromate of Potassa. Alterative, emetic. Dose. | gr. daily as alterative, emetic f gr. POTASSJE BITARTRAS. Bi tartrate of Potash. Cream of Tartar. The tartar of wine purified. POT 113 Mildly purgative, refrigerant, diuretic. Use. In ascites proceeding from visceral obstruc- tions ; and to open the bowels in inflammatory habits. Dissolved in water, with a small quantity of white wine, some sugar, and lemon-peel, it forms an excellent beverage in febrile diseases, under the name of Imperial. Dose. 9j to 3j combined with Qj sodse biboras, to excite the kidneys ; to open the bowels giv to §j are required. Incomp. Alkalies, alkaline earths, mineral acids. POTASSA CARBONAS PUKUS. Carbonate of Potassa (pure). Salt of Tartar. Crude carbonate of potassa is pearlash. Diuretic, antacid. Use. In dropsy, acidities of the primae vise, and glandular obstructions. Dose. Gr. x to gss. properly diluted; Qj dissolved in f^viij of water, and mixed with f giv of lemon- juice, forms an effervescing draught. Incomp. Mineral acids, borax, hydrochlorate and acetate of ammonia, alum, sulphate of magnesia, chloride of calcium, lime, lime-water, all the me- tallic salts. POTASS^ CHLORAS, Chlorate of Potassa. Refrigerant, diuretic, etc. Use. In scurvy, scarlatina, etc., and as a wash in cancrum oris. Dose. Gr. x to xxx ; 1 part to 10 of Glycerin for ulcers etc POTASS J2 ' CITRAS. Citrate of Potassa. Refrigerant, diaphoretic. Dose. 20-25 grs. POTASSJS ET SODJE TARTRAS. Rochelle Salt. A mild cooling purgative. Dose. gss. to ^j. 8 114 POT POTASSJ5 NITEAS. Nitrate of Potassa, or Nitre. Diuretic, refrigerant; in large doses purgative; externally cooling, detergent. Use. In fevers, dropsies, herpetic eruptions, active hemorrhages, mania. A small piece allowed to dis- solve slowly in the mouth often removes incipient cynanche tonsillaris ; hence its utility in gargles. Dose. Gr. x to gss. In doses of ^j it occasions hypercatharsis, bloody stools, and sometimes death. Incomp. Sulphuric acid, sulphates of soda and magnesia, alum, the metallic sulphates. POTASSJ3 PEEMANGANAS. Permanganate of Potassa. A powerful disinfectant. Dose. Solution of 10 parts in 90 of water; has been used in petechial fever, diphtheria, etc., in J gr. doses. POTASSA SULPHAS. Sulphate of Potassa. Purgative. Use. In the visceral obstruction to which children are liable, and as an adjunct to other purgatives. Dose. gss. to 3vj. Incomp. Nitric and hydrochloric acids, tartaric acid, chloride of calcium, salts of mercury, nitrate of silver, salts of lead. POTASS^E TAETEAS. Tartrate of Potassa. Purgative. Use. To open the bowels in febrile diseases, mania, and hypochondriasis; and as an adjunct to senna, and the resinous purgatives in solution, the griping effect of which it corrects. Dose, gj to §j in solution. Incomp. Acids; infusion of tamarinds and other acid fruits : chloride of calcium ; lime, magnesia, sulphates of soda, of potassa, and of magnesia ; ni- trate of silver, acetate of lead, and hydrochlorate of ammonia. POT 115 POTASSII BKOMIDUM. Bromide of Potassium. Use. As Iodide of Potassium, but slower in effect. It is also used as a nervous sedative. Dose. Grs. v to xx. POTASSII CYANIDUM. Cyanide of Potassium. Similar to hydrocyanic acid. Doses. $ gr. in §ss. water; fsjss. syrup of lemons will free the hvdrocyanic acid. POTASSII FERKOCYANIDUM. Ferrocyanide of Potassium. Sedative, anodyne, diaphoretic, astringent ; mostly used in the arts. Use. In dyspnoea, neuralgia, etc. Dose. 10 to 15 grs. in solution. POTASSII IODIDUM. Iodide of Potassium. _ (Formed by decomposing the iodide of iron by carbonate of potassa.) The same as that of iodine ; but chiefly as an al- terative in secondary syphilis, rheumatism, lepra. Dose. Of the saturated solution from rr^vj to n\,xx ; of the dry salt from gr. ij to gr. x. See Tinct. Iodin. Incomp. Acids, metallic salts, not iodides. POTASSII SULPHUEETUM. Sulphuret of Potas- sium. Expectorant, diaphoretic ; externally detergent. Use. It has been given in chronic asthma, but without much benefit; chronic catarrh and rheuma- tism; arthritic cases; hepatic and other cutaneous diseases ; and cancer. Its solution is useful as a wash in scabies and tinea capitis. As a bath, in the pro- portion of ^iv to thirty gallons of water; as a lo- tion in local cutaneous affections, in the strength of gj to two quarts of water. Dose. Gr. ij to gr. x, combined with soap or extract of conium, in pills or mixture, twice or thrice a day ; as an ointment, Jss. of the sulphuret to gj of lard. 116 PYR Incomp. Acids, acidulous salts, metallic and earthy PRENANTHES SERPENTARIA. Lion's Foot. Considered a remedy for the bite of the rattlesnake, etc. A decoction of the root is used internally, and the moistened leaves externally. PRESTOS. Black Alder. (P. verticillatus.) Tonic, astringent, alterative. Use. Intermittents, diarrhoea, gangrene, chronic and cutaneous eruptions; locally in ill-conditioned ulcers. Dose. Of the powder, from gss. to ^j ; of the de- coction, made by boiling ^ij of the bark with Oiij of water to Oij, from ^ij to §iij ; or it may be given in tincture. PROPYLAMIA. Propylamin. A volatile alkaloid from herring-pickle, ergot, etc. Has been useful in rheumatism. Dose. f^ss. of solution of 24 drops in f^vi of pep- permint-water, every 2-4 hours. PRUNUM. Prunes. (P. domestiea.) Cooling, laxative, nutrient. Use. In costiveness attended with heat and irrita- tion ; an article of diet in fever. PRUNUS VIRGINIANS. Wild-Cherry Bark. Tonic and sedative. Use. In debilitated states of the stomach or general system, attended with irritation and nervous exci- tability. It allays the action of the heart, and is highly useful in the hectic fever of scrofula and con- sumption. In dyspepsia and intermittents. Dose. In powder, from £ss. to ^j. PYRETHRUM. Pellitory. (Anacyclus pyrethrum.) Use. Chewed, it excites a copious flow of saliva, hence it has been found useful in some affections of the head ; in strumous swellings of the tonsils ; tooth- QUI 117 ache, and palsy of the muscles of the throat. It is also used in infusion as a gargle. PYKETHKUM PAETHEN1UM. Feverfew. Tonic. Dose. 3 to 10 grs. three times a day. QUASSIA. Quassia Wood. (Simaruba excelsa.) Tonic, stoma civ c. Use. In intermittents ; bilious fever, combined with neutral salts ; lienteria and cachexia ; in hysteria united with tincture of valerian ; and with cretaceous powder and ginger in gout. Dose. Of the raspings grs. v to £ss. ; but infusion and extract are preferable forms of exhibiting it. QUEECUS. The Oak. Astringent, tonic. Not much used internally. Use. As astringent wash, gargle, or injection. QUININE MUEIAS. Muriate of Quinine. (Dissolve pure quinine in diluted muriatic acid, and evaporate.) A tonic, better adapted in cases of weak digestive powers than the sulphate ; preferred by some to the sulphate in intermittents. Dose. The same as the sulphate. QUINLE SULPHAS. Bisulphate of Quinine. (Pre- pared from yellow cinchona.) Tonic. Use. In intermittents and all periodic diseases, as a tonic ; also as a febrifuge in bilious remittents, and whenever tonics are indicated ; may be used with great advantage endermically where the stomach is irritable. Dose. Grs. i to grs. x in any simple bitter infusion. Incornp. Alkalies and their carbonates, lime-water, salts of barvta, lime, nitrate of silver, and salts of lead. QUININE VALEEIANAS. Valerianate of Quinia. Use. In neuralgia and hemicrania. Dose. 1 to 2 grs. 118 ROB RANUNCULUS. Crowfoot. {B. bulbosus.) Acrid irritant; similar to cantharides. RENNET. GASTRIC JUICE. PEPSINE. These forms of gastric juice have been found useful in dyspepsia from debility of stomach. Rennet wine made by digesting the lower part of calf's stomach in good sherry is a common form. Dose. A teaspoonful in a wineglassful of water. RESINA. Yellow Resin. (The residue, after the dis- tillation of oil of turpentine.) Stimulant. Use. In the composition of plasters and ointments. RHAMNI. Buckthorn. (Berries and juice of B. cath- articus.) Purgative. Use. In syrup, added to hydragogue or diuretic mixtures. Dose. 9j of recent berries, 3J of dried, §j of juice. RHEUM. Rhubarb Root. (B. palmalum.) Purgative, stomachic, astringent. Dose. In costiveness, from laxity of bowels, par- ticularly of children, and diarrhoea. It is a useful adjunct to neutral salts and calomel, rendering their operation more easy. Externally, the powder is sprinkled over ulcers, to assist their granulation and healing. Dose. Grs. x to ^ss. of the powder to open the bowels ; grs. vj to grs. x, to act as a stomachic. RHIGOLENE. A variety of petroleum naphtha, used for congelation with the Atomizer. RHUS GLABRUM. Sumach. (Fruit of B. glab.) Astringent and refrigerant. Used as a gargle. ROSA. Rose Petals. Slightly laxative. ROSMARINUS. Rosemary. (B. officinalis.) RUT 119 Tonic, stimulant, emmenagogue, resolvent. Use. In nervous headaches, and in chlorosis, under the form of infusion ; but it is now scarcely ever used, unless as an adjunct, to give odor to sternutatory powders. Dose. Of the powder grs. x to gss. ROTTLERA. Kameela. (JR. tinctoria.) Purgative, anthelmintic for tsenia. Dose. £j-3iij. RUBIA. Root of Madder. (JR. tinetorum.) Emmenagogue, astringent. Use. In chlorosis, and difficult or scanty menstru- ation ; in the atrophia infantum ; but its efficacy is very doubtful. Dose. Grs. xv to J)j, united with sulphate of potassa, three or four times a day. RUBUS TRIVIALIS VILLOSUS. Dewberry Root, Blackberry Root. Astringent and tonic. Use. In diarrhoea from debility, cholera infantum, chronic dysentery. In all cases where astringents are indicated. Dose. Of the decoction (gj, Ojss. water; boiled to Oj), from fgj to f^ij three or four times a day. Of the powdered root, grs. xx to grs. xxx. RUMEX. Dock-root. (B. JBritannica and obtusifolius.) Mild astringent, tonic, alterative. Use. In scrofula and syphilis, externally in skin diseases. Dose, fgij of decoction (gj dried root to Oj). RUT A. The leaves of Rue. (B. graveolens.) Tonic, stimulant, antispasmodic, emmenagogue. Use. In hysteria and flatulent colic; but chiefly in the form of strong infusion in clysters in the convul- sions of children. Dose. Grs. xv to Qij. 120 SAL SABADILLA. Sabadilla Seeds. ( Veratrum sabadilla.) Cathartic, excitant, anthelmintic. Use. Seldom internally ; used in the form of powder to destroy pediculi. (Recommended by Turn bull in painful rheumatic and neuralgic affections.) Dose. Gr. \ of the extract, grs. ij to grs. vj of the powder. Tincture used externally. S ABB ATI A. American Centaury. (S. angularis.) Tonic. " Use. In autumnal intermittents and remittents. Dose. Infusion of §j to Oj of water, f^ij every two hours. SABLNA. Savine Leaves. (Juniperus sabina.) Stimulant, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, anthelmintic, escharotic. Use. In amenorrhcea, with a languid pulse, but they require to be cautiously administered ; in worms, rheu- matism, and gout. Externally, the powder is applied to old ulcers, carious bones, etc. ; and the infusion, as a lotion, to gangrene, scabies, and tinea capitis. Dose. Grs. v to grs. x of the powder. SACCHARUM. Sugar. SACCHARUM LACTIS. Sugar of Milk. SAGAPENUM. Antispasmodic, emmenagogue, inferior to assa- fcetida. Dose. Grs. x to £ss. in pills. SAGO. Sago. (Sagus Rumphii. A modification of starch, containing traces of chloride of sodium.) SALEP. Prepared bulbs of Orchis. Nutritive, like sago, etc. SALICINA. Salicine. Tonic. Use. In intermittents, and in all cases where tonics are indicated. Its effects are analogous to those of quinine, but not much used. SAN 121 Dose. Grs. iv to grs. vj every three hours in inter- mittents. In other cases, gr. j to grs. iij three or four times a day. SALIX COKTEX. Willow Bark. (S. alba.) Tonic, astringent. Use. In intermittents and remittents ; debilities of the intestinal canal; convalescence; and in hectic and phthisis. Dose. 9j to 3j of the powder; or f^jss. of the decoction, made with ^ij of the bark, in Oij water, boiled down to Oj. Incomp. Solution of isinglass, alkaline carbonates, lime-water, sulphate of iron. SALVIA. Sage. (S. officinalis.) Tonic, astringent, aromatic. Use. Mostly as gargle, in infusion, with honey and alum. SAMBUCUS. (S. Canadensis.) Common Elder Flowers, Berries, and Bark. Flowers diaphoretic, discutient; berries aperient, sudorific ; bark purgative, hydragogue. Use. The flowers in fomentations, to yield their flavor to water in distillation, and to form a cooling ointment; the berries, or their expressed juice, in febrile diseases, rheumatism, arthritic cases, and the exanthemata; the bark in dropsy and hemor- rhoids. Dose. Of the juice of the berries f §j to f §ij ; of the bark grs. v to gss., three times a day. SANGUINAKIA. > Blood Boot. (S. Canadensis.) An acrid emetic ; stimulant, narcotic, diaphoretic, alterative. Use. It is principally used in chronic catarrh, bronchial affections, and pertussis. Combined with antimony or ipecacuanha, it is a useful expectorant. Dose. As emetic, from grs. x to grs. xx ; as alter- 122 SA6 ative, gr. j to grs. iv. Of the tincture, x to xxx drops. This is the best form of administration. SANTA LUM. Eed Saunders Wood. (Pterocarpus santalum.) Used for coloring tinctures. Oil of yellow Saunders wood (S. myrtifolium) in doses of 20-40TTL is said to be specific in gonorrhoea. SANTONIN. The active anthelmintic principle in European wormseed. Used in the form of lozenges with sugar. Dose. Three or four grs. twice a day, or less to a child. SAPO. Soap. Laxative, antacid, antilithic. Use. In dyspepsia, constipation, lithiasis, etc. Dose. 5 grs. to gss., in pill. Incomp. Acids, earths, earthy and metallic salts. SAPONAKIA OFFICINALIS/ Soapwort. Alterative, like sarsaparilla. Dose. ^ss. inspissated juice daily. SARRACENIA. Fly-trap. The S. purpurea has been used in small-pox, to modify or shorten its course; f ^ss. of root to Oj water in wineglassful dose every three hours. SARSAPARILLA. Smilax officinalis. Diuretic, demulcent. Use. In the sequelae of syphilis, when, after a mer- curial course, nocturnal pains, enlargement of the joints, and cutaneous ulcerations remain ; in scrofula ; elephantiasis, or cutaneous affections resembling it ; chronic rheumatism ; and whenever an alterative is indicated. Dose. From J)j to 3J of the powder, or made into an electuary, three times a day. See Decoction, Syrup, and Ext. SASSAFRAS. Sassafras Wood and Root. (Laurus Sassafras.) sou 123 Stimulant, sudorific, diuretic. Use. In cutaneous diseases; chronic rheumatism; and as an adjunct to the decoction of guaiac, etc. SCAMMONIUM. Scammony. (Convolvulus scam- monia.) Drastic purgative, hydragogue. Use. In obstinate costiveness, worms, dropsy, in combination with some other cathartic, as aloes, rhu- barb, calomel, etc. Dose. Grs. iij to grs. xv triturated with sugar or with almonds. Made into an emulsion with milk, the taste cannot be distinguished ; but pure virgin scammony is exceedingly scarce. SCILLA. The bulb of. the squill. (S. maritime*,.) Emetic in large doses ; purgative ; in small doses expectorant and diuretic- It owes its properties to a peculiar principle, which has been named scillitin. Use. In pulmonary complaints, after the inflam- matory action is reduced ; humoral asthma ; pertus- sis ; in dropsy ; and more useful if combined with a mercurial. Dose. Gr. j to grs. v of the dried root, powdered, and united with nitre or ipecacuanha; or in pills to produce diuresis, united with the blue pill. Ineoinp. Gelatine, lime-water, alkaline carbonates, acetates of lead, nitrate of silver. SCOPARIUS. Broom Tops. (Cytisus scoparius.) Diuretic. Use. In dropsies. Dose. 9j to gj of the powder. 10-15 grs. of seeds. SCROPHULARIA NODOSA. Figwort, pilewort, Celandine. An old English remedy for piles and scrofulous tumors, in ointment or fomentation. SCUTELLARIA LATERIFOLIA. Scullcap. A tonic nervine. 124 SER Used in tic douloureux, etc. Dose. Fluid extract, ^ss. to 3j. SELINUM PALUSTRE. Marsh Parsley. Used in epilepsy, etc. Dose. 20-30 grs. three times a day. SENECIO AURENS. Life-root. Diuretic, diaphoretic, tonic. Useful in gravel and uterine complaints ; pro- motes menstruation. Dose. Fluid extract, ^ss. to %]. SENEGA. Senega Root. {Poly gala senega.) Stimulant, expectorant, diaphoretic, diuretic. Use. In peripneumonia, after the inflammatory action is reduced ; humoral asthma, chronic rheu- matism ; dropsy ; croup ? The extract of it, with carbonate of ammonia, has been found useful in lethargy. Dose. Grs. x to Qj of the powder. Madeira wine, if it can be ordered, covers the taste of the powder. SEKNiE FOLIA. Senna Leaves. (Cassia acutifoh a.) Cathartic, hydragogue. (It is apt to gripe.) Use. In costiveness and dropsy ; should always be given with aromatic and saline substances. Dose. Of the powder, £)j to £j rubbed with crystals of bitartrate of potassa, and united with ginger to prevent griping ; but the best form is that of infusion. SERPENTARI^E RADIX. Snake Root. {Aristo- lochia serpentaria.) Stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic. Use. In typhoid fevers, and diseases of debility ; to assist cinchona in the cure of intermittents ; in the exanthemata, and dyspepsia ; and externally as a gargle in cynanche maligna. Dose. Of the powder, grs. x to ^ss. ; or of the fol- lowing infusion f^ss. every four hours: R. Rad. con- tusi Serpen tariae ^iv, Aquae ferv. f3 x \j- Macerate in a covered vessel for two hours. sod 125 SESAMUM. Benne. (S. indicum.) Laxative, demulcent, nutritious. Use. As a drink in cholera infantum, diarrhoea, dysentery, catarrh, and affections of the urinary pas- Dose. One or two green leaves in a tumbler of cool water will render it sufficiently viscid. SEVUM. Suet, Used in ointments, etc. SIMAKUBA. The Bark and Wood of Simaruba offici- nalis. Tonic. Use. In dysentery, chronic diarrhoea, lienteria, and dyspepsia. Dose. gss. to 3j of the powder ; but the infusion is a better form of exhibiting this remedy. SIN APIS. Mustard Seed. (S. alba and nigra.) Stimulant, diuretic, emetic, rubefacient, laxative. Use. In dyspepsia ; a torpid state of the bowels, and chlorosis. The seeds are swallowed entire or only slightly crushed ; a strong infusion of the flour is used to produce vomiting in apoplexy and paraly- sis ; externally the flour is applied as a cataplasm to the legs and the soles of the feet in tyjjhus and coma- .tose affections. Dose, ^j to §ss. or f§ij of the following infusion: R. Sinapis pulveris, Armoracise rad., sing, gij, Aq. ferventis Oij. Infuse in a covered vessel for twelve hours; then strain and add Spir. Menthse Piper, f^ij. SODJS ACETAS. Acetate of Soda. Purgative, refrigerant, diuretic. Use. In cases requiring a mild purgative. Chiefly used for making acetic acid. Dose. From §j to jjiv in any bland fluid. Incomp. Carbonate of lime, sulphuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acids. 126 sod SODJE BICARBONAS. Bicarbonate of Soda. Use. The same as that of the carbonate. Dose. Grs. x to ^ss. SOD^E BORAS. Borate of Soda. Borax. Diuretic, emmenagogue. Use. In nephritic and calculous complaints, de- pending on an excess of uric acid. As a detergent in aphthous affections of the mouth in children, rubbed up in sugar in the proportion of 1 to 7, or rubbed with honey. Dose. From grs. xx to grs. xl ; or combined with cream of tartar. SOD^E CARBONAS. Carbonate of Soda. Antacid. Use. In dyspepsia, and acidities of the stomach; united with bitters; in uric acid and gravel, in whooping-cough, bronchocele, and in scrofulous affec- tions. Dose. Grs. x to gss. twice or thrice a day. Incomp. Lime, acids, unless as an effervescing draught, hydrochlorate of ammonia, earthy and metallic salts. SOD.E CARBONAS EXSICCATA. Dried Carbonate of Soda. (The carbonate made to undergo the watery fusion ; and, when dry, reduced to powder.) Antacid, lithontriptic. Use. In acidity of the stomach ; but chiefly in cal- culus in the kidneys, and other affections of the urinary organs. Dose. Grs. v to grs. xv. made into pills, with some aromatic powder and soap. SOD^E HYPOSULPHIS. Hyposulphite of Soda. Destructive to microscopic fungi, and arrests fer- mentation. Dose. 10-20 grs. 3 times a day, in syrup or water. SOD^E PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Soda. sol 127 A mild purgative. Dose. §j to 3jij in gruel or weak broth. In small doses (3 to 10 grs.) phosphate of soda acts beneficially in hepatic disorders of children. SODiE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Soda, or Glauber's Salts. (From the salt which remains after the distil- lation of hydrochloric acid, the superabundant acid being saturated with carbonate of soda.) Purgative ; in small doses diuretic. Use. In costiveness; in bilious colics, largely di- luted. Dose. Of the effloresced salt in powder, giij to gvj ; of the crystallized salt in solution, gyj to ^xij ; its nauseous taste may be corrected by lemon-juice or cream of tartar. Incomp. Carbonas potassse, chlorides of calcium and barium, salts of lead, of silver. SODJE SULPHIS. Sulphite of Soda. Antizymotic, same as the hyposulphite. Dose, gj 3 times a day. SOR^E VALERIANAE Valerianate of Soda. Nerve stimulant. Dose. 1-5 grs. SODII CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Sodium. Muriate of Soda, or Sea Salt. Tonic, purgative, anthelmintic, externally stimu- lant. Use. In some cases of dyspepsia and worms ; in sea scurvy, and purpura ; in large doses to check vomiting of blood ; as an ingredient in clysters ; a fomentation to bruises ; and, added to Avater, to form a stimulant bath. Dose. Grs. x to ^ss. In clysters £iv to §j. SO LI DA GO. Golden Rod. {S. odora.) Aromatic, stimulant, carminative, diaphoretic. Use. To relieve pain arising from flatulence ; to allay nausea. In warm infusion. 128 STA SPIGELIA. Indian Pink Root. (S. marilandica.) Anthelmintic. Use. For the expulsion of lumbrici ; in the remit- ting fever of infancy. Its use should be preceded by an emetic, and followed by a warm purgative. Dose. Grs. x to gss. of the powdered root, every night and morning, till the worms are expelled ; or an infusion combined with senna. SPIRiEA. Hardhack. (S. tomentosa.) Tonic, astringent. Use. In cholera infantum, diarrhoea, and all cases where a tonic combined with an astringent effect is needed. Dose. Of the extract, from grs. v to grs. xv ; from f^j to f§ij of the decoction. SPIRITUS. Spirits or Essences. See p. 168. SPIRITUS VINI GALLICI. Brandy. SPONGIA. Sponge. Use. External. For absorbing the acrid discharge from ulcers ; suppressing hemorrhages, when the bleeding mouth of the vessel is compressed with it; to form tents for dilating wounds, in which case the sponge is immersed in melted wax, and cooled before being used ; for making burnt sponge. SPONGI.E USTJE PULVIS. Burnt Sponge. (The sponge is cut into pieces, burnt to a friable coal in a covered vessel, and rubbed to a powder.) Tonic, deobstruent, antacid. Use. In bronchocele, scrofulous complaints, and herpetic eruptions. Dose. 3j to ^iij, made into an electuary, with honev and powdered cinnamon. STANNI PULVIS. Powder of Tin. Anthelmintic. Dose. §ss. in molasses, for several mornings, fol- lowed by a cathartic. STY 129 STATICE. Marsh Rosemary. (S. caroliniani.) Astringent, antiseptic. Use. In gargles, in aphthous and malignant sore throat ; and internally in chronic dysentery. STILLINGIA. Queen's Root. (S. sylvatica.) Emetic, cathartic, alterative. Use. In secondary syphilis, scrofula, etc. Dose. Powder, 15 to 30 grs., tincture (§ij to Oj) f 3j. 20 to 40 drops of fluid extract. STRAMONIUM. The Leaves and Seeds of Thorn Apple. (Datura stramonium.) Use. The same as the extract. Dose. Seeds gr. j, powdered leaves grs. ij. STRYCHNIA. Strychnia. An alkali prepared from the Strychnos Nux Vomica. Use. As a tonic in pyrosis, passive diarrhoea, and leucorrhoea ; in cases of partial paralysis not depend- ing on organic disease, especially when caused by carbonate of lead. Dose. From gr. j^th to gr. x^th, in acid solution. STRYCHNINE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Strychnia. More soluble than strychnia. Dose, ^th to T Vth gr. internally, -J- to J externally. STRYCHNOS IGNATIA. Ignatia Bean. (Ignatia amara.) Tonic, and nervous stimulant; virtue depends on strychnia. Use. In dyspepsia of all grades. Dose. 5 to 10 drops of fluid extract. STRYCHNOS NUX VOMICA. Tonic, stimulant; when taken in large doses, it produces tetanic symptoms. Use. In dyspepsia, gout, rheumatism; and espe- cially in paralysis of the lower extremities. Dose. From grs. iij to grs. xij. STYRAX. Storax. (S. officinale.) 9 130 sul Stimulant, expectorant. Use. Seldom used alone, but as an adjunct, chiefly on account of its fragrance and aromatic properties. Dose. Grs. x to gss. SUCCINUM. Amber. Use. To afford its essential oil and acid. SULPHUR. Sublimed Sulphur. Flowers of Sulphur. Stimulant, laxative, diaphoretic, transpiring through the cutaneous exhalants. Use. As a laxative in chronic rheumatism, atonic gout, rachitis, asthma, and some pulmonary affec- tions.; in hemorrhoidal affections it is the only laxa- tive that should be employed, united with magnesia or bitartrate of potassa. A specific in itch, and several cutaneous diseases, when either internally or externally exhibited. Dose. ^ss. to ^ij taken night and morning. SULPHUR PRJECIPITATUM. Precipitated Sul- phur, Lac Sulphuris. Laxative and alterative ; emmenagogue. Use. In cutaneous affections, and as a laxative in constipation and hemorrhoids. Dose. 3"j in the form of an electuary, two or three times a day, or combined with magnesia or cream of SULPHURIS IODIDUM. Iodide of Sulphur. (R. Iodine §iv, Sulphur gj. Rub together in a glass mortar till thoroughly mixed. Put the mixture into a matrass, close the orifice loosely, and apply a gentle heat, so as to darken the mass without melt- ing it. When the color has become uniformly dark throughout, increase the heat so as to melt the iodide; then incline the matrass in different direc- tions ; and, lastly, allow it to cool, break it, and put the iodide into bottles, which are to be kept well stopped.) TAM 131 A powerful alterative, especially in lupus, acne, and psoriasis. Use. In cutaneous affections, secondary syphilis, rheumatism, etc. The ointment of iodide of sulphur should be made at first by mixing grains x of the iodide with ^j lard : the strength may be gradually increased, as the skin can bear it, until it contains gss. to the §j lard or spermaceti ointment. SULPHOCARBOLATES, of soda, zinc, magnesia, etc. are expected to afford a convenient means of obtain- ing the effect of carbolic acid in diseases of parasitic origin, cholera, and zymotic diseases generally. SUMBUL RADIX. Sumbul root. Nerve stimulant. Dose. Of resin oid extract 1-2 grs. three times a day. Of fluid extract, 15n\,-f £j. SUPPOSITORIA. Suppositories. See p. 178. SYMPHYTUM OFFICINALE. Comfrey. Demulcent, astringent. Dose, gij to ^iv of fluid extract. TABACUM. The leaves of Tobacco. (Nicotiana Tabacum.) Narcotic, sedative, diuretic, emetic, cathartic, errhine ; a violent poison, whether externally ap- plied or taken into the stomach. Use. In ileus and incarcerated hernia, in the form of clysters of the infusion, or the smoke in dropsy and dysuria ; chewing it relieves the pain of tooth- ache ; and as an errhine, it forms the basis of all the snuffs in common use. The infusion has been used as a lotion in scabies, tinea capitis, and other erup- tions, but is apt to induce sickness. Dose. See Infusum Tabaci. For clysters, 3j is infused in Oj of boiling water. TAMARINDUS. The Pulp of Tamarind. (T. indica.) Laxative, refrigerant. 132 TES Use. In dysentery and fevers, particularly those attended with an increased secretion of bile, and putrid symptoms. Tamarind whey, made by boiling ^ij of the fruit with Ojss. milk, and straining, is an excellent diluent in fevers. Dose. gss. to gij, often added to senna and to manna. Incomp. Carbonates, and acetates of potassa and soda ; the resinous cathartics ; infusum sennae. TANACETUM. Leaves of Tansy. (T. vulgare.) Tonic, anthelmintic. Use. In gout; hysteria, connected with suppres- sion of the menses ; in worms, seldom used. Dose. gss. to 3j. It is drunk as a tea by gouty people. TAPIOCA. Tapioca (fecula of root Janipha Manihot). A nutritious diet. TAEAXACUM. The Eoot of Dandelion. (Leontodon taraxacum.) Aperient, diuretic, resolvent. Use. In chronic inflammation, and incipient scir- rhus of the liver; chronic derangements of the stomach; dropsy, pulmonary tubercles, and jaundice. Dose, f ^ij of the following decoction three or four times a day: R. The full-grown roots, sliced, ^iv, Water Oij. Boil gently to a pint, strain, and add bitartrate of potassa giij. Incomp. Infusion of galls, nitrate of silver, bi- chloride of mercury, acetates of lead, sulphate of iron. TEREBINTHINA. Turpentine. Stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, laxative, exter- nally rubefacient. Dose. 9j to gj or §ss. to gj as anthelmintic. TESTAE. Oyster shells (burnt). Antacid, absorbent. TRI 133 Use. Chiefly in the acidities of infancy, and during dentition. Dose. Grs. x. to gij. TIXCTUR,E. Tinctures. See p. 158. TORMENTILLA. Tormentil Boot. (Potentilla tor- ment ilia.) Astringent. Use. In the same cases as other astringents; but as it does not increase the heat of the body, tormentil is preferred in phthisical diarrhoea. Dose. Grs. x to £j of the powder ; or fgij of the following decoction : R. Pulv. Tormentilhe ^j, Aq. Puree Oj, decoque ad f ^xij et cola. TOXICODENDRON. Poison-oak. (Rhus toxicoden- dron.) Stimulant and narcotic ; an acrid narcotic poison. Use. In paralytic affections and herpetic eruptions ; but in the former its efficacy is doubtful; also in dropsy and phthisis. Dose. Grs. ss. to grs. iv, twice or thrice a day. TRAGACAXTHA. Tragacanth. (Astragalus vents.) Demulcent. Use. Small quantities held in the mouth, and swallowed very slowly, sheathe the fauces and allay tickling cough ; but it is chiefly used for pharmaceu- tical purposes, to suspend heavy, insoluble powders, and to impart consistency to troches. Dose. Grs. x to 3j. Incomp. Cupri Sulphas, plumbi acetas, and sul- phas ferri, precipitate its mucilage. TRIFOLIUM PRATEXSE. Red Clover. Recommended in cancerous ulcers. TRILLIUM PENDULUM. Bethroot. Astringent, tonic, antiseptic. Dose. %] of powdered root, £j to giij fluid ext. TRIOSTEUM PERFOLIATUM. Fever Root. i34 TJVA Cathartic, emetic, and diuretic. Use. In the commencement of fevers. Dose. 9j to gss. of the powder acts as a cathartic ; of the extract, grs. x to J)j. It may be given with advantage combined with calomel. TEOCHISCI. Troches. See p. 167. TUSSILAGO. Coltsfoot. {T.farfara.) Demulcent, expectorant. Use. In cough, phthisis, other pulmonary com- plaints, and cutaneous diseases. Dose. gss. to 3j in milk. It is more generally given in decoction, made with a handful of the leaves boiled in two pints of water to one pint; strained and sweetened with syrup ; the dose, a tea- cupful occasionally. ULMI COETEX. Elm Bark. Demulcent, feebly tonic. Used in decoction. ULMUS. The inner bark of elm. ( U. fulva.) Tonic, alterative, diuretic, demulcent, nutritious. Use. In lepra and other cutaneous affections; diarrhoea, dysentery, diseases of the urinary organs. Externally as an emollient. Dose. Of decoction §iv to ^vj. ULMUS FULVA. Slippery-elm Bark. Demulcent, nutritious. Used in infusion, or as poultice, etc. UNGUENTA. Ointments. See p. 175. UVAPASSA. Baisins. Laxative. UVA UBSI. Leaves of Bear's Whortleberry. Eed- berried Trailing Whortleberry. . (Arctostaphylos uva ursi.) Tonic. Use. In chronic diarrhoea and dysentery; leucor- rhoea, and diabetes. It has been celebrated in calcu- VER 135 lous and nephritic complaints ; but it appears to act in the same manner as other astringents, by merely allaying the pain and irritability of the bladder. In Phthisis ? Dose. Of the powder, grs. xv to Jss. Incomp. Salts of iron, tartar emetic, nitrate of silver, salts of lead, infusion of yellow cinchona bark. VALERIANA. Valerian Root. ( V. officinalis.) Antispasmodic, tonic, emmenagogue. Use. Hysteria, epilepsy, hemicrania, chlorosis. Dose. Of the powder 9j to gj three or four times a day, increasing it as far as the stomach can bear it. Incomp. Salts of iron. VALERIANATE OF IRON. Used in hysterical chlorosis. Dose. 1 gr. several times a day. VANILLA. Aromatic, nerve stimulant. Dose. Infusion gss. to Oj boiling water, in table- spoonful doses. VERATRIA. Veratria. An alkaloid prepared from Sabadilla. A powerful topical excitant. Use. Externally applied as an ointment in neural- gia, and in gouty and rheumatic paralysis. Dose. Not more than one-twelfth of a grain. VERATRUM ALBUM. White Hellebore Root. Violently emetic; purgative, even when applied externally to an issue ; errhine ; externally stimulant. Use. It is never given internally, unless in maniacal cases, in which it is not more useful than other strong- purges ; and even its use to promote a discharge from the nose in apoplexy and lethargy requires great cau- tion. For its external use, see Ointment. Dose. As an errhine, grs. iij or grs. iv, snuffed at • bedtime. 136 vin VEEATKUM VIEIDE. American Hellebore. Slightly acrid, sedative, emetic, diaphoretic. Use. It is an arterial sedative, in fevers, pneumo- nia, etc. Dose. Of the tincture rr^iij to tt\,v, repeated every hour or so, and watched till its effects appear on the pulse. The fluid extract is, perhaps, the preferable form. VEBBASCUM THAPSUS. Mullein. Demulcent, emollient, anodyne. An infusion used in mild catarrhs. VEBBENA OFFICINALIS. Vervain. Formerly of repute in scrofula. VIBUENUM PEUNIFOLIUM. Black Haw. Nervine. Used to prevent miscarriage. Dose. ^j-§ij of infusion or decoction of bark. VINA MEDICATA. Medicated Wines, see p. 161. VINUM XEEICUM. Spanish White Wine, or Sherry. When good, and of a proper age, wine, in small quantities, is tonic, antispasmodic, and nutritive ; when new, flatulent and purgative; sooner intoxi- cating, and, instead of strengthening, produces de- bility. Use. In the low and sinking stages of typhus fever, the judicious exhibition of it fills the pulse, and re- stores its firmness, without increasing delirium ; but it is hurtful if given when the skin is very hot and dry. It is useful also in tetanus, chorea, and some other convulsive affections ; and in most cases in which tonics are indicated. In convalescence from all severe diseases it is a remedy on which much de- pendence used to be placed ; much less used at present. Hock is the best wine for dyspeptics. Dose, f Jij to Oiij in twenty-four hours, according to the nature of the disease and the previous habits of the patient. zin 137 VIOLA. Violet. (V. pedata.) Mucilaginous. Slightly laxative. WINTEBA ABOMATICA. Winter's Bark. Carminative, tonic. Use, As an adjunct to stomachic infusions, in dys- pepsia, and scorbutus. XANTHOEKHIZA. Yellow Boot. (X apiifolia.) Tonic. Use. In all cases where a pure tonic is indicated. Its properties are analogous to those of columbo and quassia. X A NTHOX YLUM. Prickly Ash. < (X fraxineum. ) Stimulant, diaphoretic, resembling mezereon and guaiac. Use. In chronic rheumatism, and as a topical remedy for toothache. Dose. Of the powder from grs. x to £ss. ; of the in- fusion, from f §j to f 3iij> three or four times in twenty- four hours ; or of the decoction, made by boiling By of the bark in Oij of water for fifteen minutes, f §iv to f §viij every three or four hours. ZINCI ACETAS. Use. As an astringent collyrium, and as an injection in gonorrhoea. Gr. j to ij to f gj water. ZINCI CABBONAS PE^CIPITATUS. Precipitated Carbonate of Zinc. Use. Same as Calamine. ZINCI CHLOEIDUM. Chloride of Zinc. Use. As an alterative and antispasmodic in scrof- ula, epilepsy, etc. As an escharotic in scirrhous tu- mors, etc. Dose. 4 to 8 drops of ethereal tincture (Iss. to ZINCI IODIDUM. Iodide of Zinc. A solution of 10 to 30 grs. to fgj of water has been applied with advantage to enlarged tonsils. 138 zin ZINCI OXIDUM. Oxide of Zinc. Tonic, antispasmodic, externally detergent, exsic- cative. Use. In epilepsy, chorea, and other spasmodic affections. For its external use, see Ung. Zinci. Dose. Gr. j to vj twice a day. ZINCI SULPHAS. Sulphate of Zinc. Emetic, tonic, antispasmodic, externally astringent. Use. As it operates very quickly, it is used, com- bined with infusion of ipecacuanha, to empty the stomach in the commencement of the cold stage of the intermittent paroxysm ; and in other cases where im- mediate vomiting is required. As a tonic, it is useful in phthisis, dyspepsia, and nervous affections. Ex- ternally in collyria, in ophthalmia, after the inflam- matory action has subsided ; in injections, in gonor- rhoea ; and as a lotion in external inflammations, and to stop inordinate discharge. Dose. Grs. x to gss., to produce vomiting; as a tonic, gr. j to grs. ij, twice or thrice a day. Incomp. Alkalies, earths, sesquicarb. ammonia, hydrosulphurets, lime-water, astringent vegetable in- fusions, milk. ZINCI VALEKIANAS. Valerianate of Zinc. Antispasmodic. Dose. 1-2 grs., several times a day. ZINGIBER. ^ Ginger Eoot. _ (Z. officinale.) Carminative, stimulant, sialagogue. Use. In gout, flatulent colic, dyspepsia, and tym- panitis; as an adjunct to griping purgatives; less heating than pepper. Dose. Grs. x to 9j ; an overdose is apt to induce spasmodic stricture. VIL PHARMACEUTICAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE MATERIA MEDICA. I. — Inorganic Products. Mineral Acids — Tonics and Astringents. Acidum Carbonicum (see Aq. Medicata). Muriaticum, HC1,+ water. Dose rt\, 3 to 5. " dilutum. 1 pt. to 3 of water. Dose TT\, 15 to 40. Nitricum. HO,N0 5 +3HO. Dose n\, 1 to 4. dilutum. 1 to 6 pts. water. Dose tt\, 15 to 40. Mtro-muriaticum. 1 pt. Kit., 2 Mur. Acid. Dose Tt\, 3 to 5. Sulphuricum. HO,S0 3 . Dose TT^ 1 to 2. " dilutum. 1 pt. to 13 water. Dose n\, 15 to 40. " Aromaticum — Alcoholic and Aromatic. Dose n\, 15 to 30. Phosphoricum (glacial), HO,P0 5 . Solid. " dilutum. 1 pt. to 10 water. Dose n\, 15 to 40. 139 140 INORGANIC PRODUCTS. The Alkalies and their Salts. i Group 1. Potash. From lye of wood ashes. Potassse Carbonas Impurus. (Pearlash.) Salaeratus. . 2KO,3C0 2 . Potassse Carbonas. KO,CC 2 . Liquor Potassse Carbonas. ^xij to f^xij water. Anti- lithic antacid. Dose rr^ 10 to f 3j. Potassse Bicarbonas. KO,2C0 2 ,HO. Liquor Potassaa. Boiling Carb. with Hydrate of Lime. Antacid. Dose TT^ 5 to f gss. Potassa. KO,HO. Caustic Potash. Escharotic. cum Calce. _Milder escharotic. Potassse Acetas. KO,Ac. Diuretic, Grs. 10 to gij. " Citras. KO,Ci. Kefrigerant, diaphoretic. Dose ^j to gss. Chloras. KO,CL0 5 . Kefrigerant, diuretic. Dose grs. 10 to gss. Group 2. Sodii Chloridum. NaC. (Common Salt.) Sodae Sulphas. NaO,SO 3 +10HO. Cathartic. Dose gss. to §j. " Carbonas. NaO,CO a +10HO. (Sal. Soda.) " Carbonas Exsiccatus. NaO,C0 2 . Antacid. Dose grs. 5 to 15. " Bicarbonas. NaO,2C0 2 +HO. Antacid. Dose " Phosphas. 2NaO,HO,P0 5 +24HO. Cathartic, diuretic. Dose gij to gj. Liquor Sodas Chlorinatae. Labarraque's Disinfectant. Sodse Acetas. NaO,Ac+6HO. Used in preparing Acetic Acid. " Valerianas. NaO,Va. For preparing other va- lerianates. INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 141 i Group 3. Crude Argols or Tartar. From wine casks. f KO,HO, 2 T (eream of tartar). Potassae Bitartras. -j Purified by recrystallization. ( Dose gss^ to §j. Sodse et Pot. Tartras. KO,NaOT+8HO. Cathartic. Dose^ij to gj. Potassaa Tartras. 2KO,T. Dose ^j to gj. Group 4. Potassse Mtras. KO,N0 5 . Sedative, diuretic. Dose grs. v to 3j. Sal prunelle — fused saltpetre. Potassae Sulphas. KO,S0 3 . Cathartic. Dose £j to gij. Sodae Boras. NaO,2BO 3 +10HO. Used in gargles, etc. Group 5. Ammoniae Murias. NH 3 ,HC1. Stimulant, expectorant. Dose grs. 5 to 20. Liquor Ammoniae — aqueous sol. of ammonia. Spirit « alcoholic « " {^° ei ;°d?i " " aromaticus " with aromatics. Dose tt\,20 to f 5j. Ainmoniae Carbonas. NH 4 0,C0 2 . Stimulant, antacid. Dose grs. 5. Liquor Ammon. Acetatis. (Spts. of Mindererus.) Dia- phoretic. Dose fs>j to f^ss. Preparations of Earths. 1. Lime. Creta Preparata. CaO,C0 2 . Antacid. Dose grs. 10 to 3j. 142 INORGANIC PRODUCTS. Calcis Carb. Preecipitata — same as above, but more ele- gant. Liquor Calcis — Lime-water. Antacid. Dose f§ss. to fgij, in milk. Calcii Chloridum. CaCl. Liquor Calcii Chloridii, 1 pt. CaCl in 2.5. Deobstruent. Dose t^30 to fgj. Calx Chlorinate. CaO,C10+CaCL Chloride of Lime. Calcis Phosphas. 3CaO,P0 5 . Antiscrofulitic. Dose. grs. 10 to gss. Syrupus Ferri Phosphatis Comp. Syrup of the phos- phates. Dose, a teaspoonful. 2. Magnesia, Magnesiae Sulphas. MgO,S0 3 +7HO. Cathartic. Dose. gss. to §j. " Carbonas. 4MgO,C0 2 ,HO,MgO,2HO. Ant- acid. Dose 9j to 3j. " Bicarbonas. (Soluble Magnesia.) Magnesia. MgO. By calcining the Carb. Cathartic. Dosegj. Liquor Magnes. Citratis. Dose |jj of salt in f^xij bottle. 3. Baryta. Liquor Barii Chloridi. §j to f^viij water. Deobstru- ent. Dose gtt. 5. 4. Alumina. Alumen. KO,S0 3 ,+Al 2 3 ,3S0 3 +24HO. Astringent, etc. " Exsiccatum. (Burnt Alum.) Used externally. INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 143 Non-Metallic Elements. % 1. Iodine. Iodinium. I. Alterative. Potassii Iodidum. KI. Alterative. Dose grs. 2 to 5. Tinct. Iodinii. gss. to f §j Alcohol. Used externally. " " Comp. I, grs. 15. KI. gss. to fgj. Dose tt\,15 to 30. Liquor " I, grs. 22 J. KI gr. 45 to fgj. LugoPs Solution. Dose tt\,10 to 20. 2. Bromine. Brominum. Br. Obtained from bittern at Salt Works. Potassii Bromidum. Alterative. Dose grs. 5 to 10. Liquor Ferri Bromidi. Solution in excess. Altera- tive. Dose V(\J) to 10. 3. Sulphur. Sulphur. S. sublimed. Alterative, laxative. Dose grs. 10 to ^ij. prsecipitatum. Alterative, laxative. Dose ^ij to giij. Sulphuris Iodidum. IS 2 . In ointment. Metallic Elements. 1. Iron. (Ferrum.) Ferri Pulvis. Fe. (Quevenne's Iron by Hydrogen.) Dose gr. j to iij. " Sulphas. FeO,S0 3 +7HO. Hsemetic, astringent. Dose grs. 3 to 5. " Subcarbonas. Fe 2 3 2HO+FeO,C0 2 . Dose grs. 5 to Bj. 144 INORGANIC PRODUCTS. Ferri Phosphas. In Amenorrhoea, etc. Dose grs. 5 to 10. Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, 32 grs. Fe 2 ,Cl 3 in, f gj alcohol. Astringent. Dose tt\,10 to 30. Ferrum Ammoniatum. Deobstruent. Dose grs. 4 to 10. Liquor Ferri per Sulphatis. Fe 2 3) 3S0 3 -f-Aq. Ferri Oxidum Hydratum. Fe 2 3 ,3HO. By adding Ammonia to the above. " Citras. Fe 2 3 ,Ci. Dose grs. 3 to 5. " et Quinise Citras. Dose grs. 2 to 5. " Lactas. FeO,L,3HO. In Chlorosis. Dose grs. J to iij- " et Potassge Tartras. Fe 2 3 , KO,T. Dose grs. 10 to 20. " Ferrocyanuretum. 3Cfy,4Fe. Sedative, tonic. Dose grs. 5 to 15. Liquor Ferri Mtratis. Fe 2 3 ,3N0 5 +Aq. Astringent. Dose nv5 to 15. Ferri Iodidum. Fel. Decomposes. Dose grs. j to ij. Liquor Ferri Iodidum. Fel. Grs. vij to 3j Syrup. Dose tt\,20 to 40. Ferri Bromidum. FeBr. Tonic, alterative. Dose grs. 2 to 5. " Valerianas. Fe 2 3 , 3Va. In Hysteria, etc. Dose gr- j- 2. Manganese. Manganesise Sulphas. MnO,S0 3 ,+4HO. Tonic, cath. Dose grs. 5 to gij. " Carbonas. 2MnO,C0 2 4-HO. Dose grs. 5. Syrupus Manganesii Iodidi. gj Mn I to fgj. Dose TT110. 3. Copper. Cupri Sulphas. CuO,S0 3 +5HO. Tonic, astringent, etc. Dose gr. J to 5. INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 145 Cuprum Ammoniatum. CuOjS0 3 +2NH 3 HO. Anti- spasm. Dose gr. J. Cupri Subacetas. 2CuO,Ac+6HO. Escharotic. 4. Zinc, Calamina Preparata. (Carbonate.) ZnO,C0 2 . Zinci Sulphas. ZnO,S0 3 +7HO. Tonic, \ gr. to ij ; Emetic 10 grs. " Carbon as Prsecipitatus. Used in Cerate. " Oxidum. ZnO. Tonic, astringent, desiccant. " Acetas. ZnO,Ac. Astringent ; used in Collyria and Injection. " Chloridum. ZnCl. Escharotic, antiseptic. " Cyanuretum. ZnCy. In Epilepsy, Chorea, etc. Dose \ to j. __ Valerian as. ZnO,Aa. In nervous affections. Dose grs. j to ij. 5. Lead. Plumbi Oxidum Semivitreum. PbO. Litharge. " Acetas. PbO,Ac,3HO. Sedative, astringent. Dose grs \ to iij. Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis. (Goulard's Extract.) Plumbi Carbonas. PbO,C0 2 . Used externally. " Nitras. PbO,N0 5 . Disinfectant. " Iodidum. Pbl. In resolvent ointment. 6. Silver. Argenti Nitras. • AgO,N0 5 . (Crystals.) Alterative. Dose gr. \ to j. Nitras fusus (sticks). Lunar Caustic. Oxidum. AgO ; a substitute for the Nitrate. Dose gr. J to ij. 10 146 INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 7. Bismuth. Eismuthi Subnitras. Bi0 3 ,N0 5 . Tonic, antispasm. 8. Antimony. Antimonii Sulphuretum. SbS 3 . Horse medicine. " Sulphuretum Prsecipitatum. Sb0 3 +5Sb,S3 .+16HO. Alterative. Dose gr.j^ to iij. " et Potassse Tartras. SbO s ,KOT,+3HO. Emetic, grs. ij. Diaphoretic and expec- torant, gr. -J to \. Sedative, \ to j gr. Yinum Antimonii. Grs. ij to f §j white wine. Dose gtt. x to f 3j. Pulvis Antimonialis. (James's powder.) Alterative, diaphoretic. Dose gr. iij to x. 9. Arsenic, Acidum Arseniosum. As0 3 . (White Arsenic.) Liquor Potassse Arsenitis. As0 3 ,KO,C0 2 , 64 grs. each to Oj — grs. iv As0 3 to f^j. (Fowler's Solution.) Dose jr\,3 to 15. Arsenici lodidum. Asl 3 . Liquor Hydrargyri et Arsenici lodidum. AsI 3 -f-HgI, each, 70 grs. to Oj. (Donovan's Solution.) Dose n\,5 to 20. 10. Mercury. Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum. HgCl 2 . Altera- tive. Dose gr. y 1 ^ to J. " Chloridum Mite. HgCl. Cathartic and alterative. Dose T X 2 to 20 grs. " Sulphas Flavus. 3HgO,2S0 3 . Emetic. Dose 3 grs. " lodidum Eubrum. Hgl 2 . Alterative. Dose r V to i g r « ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 147 Hydrargyri Iodidum. Hgl. Yiride. Alterative. Dose J to 1 gr. " Sulphuretum Rubrum. HgS. Alterative, fumigations. u Sulphur etum Nigrum. Hg 2 S. Mild al- terative. Dose grs. 5 to 3j. " Oxidum Rubrum. Hg0 2 . Stimulant, ex- ternal. " Oxidum Nigrum. HgO. Alterative. Dose J to 3 grs. Cyanuretum. HgCy. Alterative. Dose tV t0 i 8 T - Hydrargvrum Ammoniatum. Hg,Cl,NH 2 . External. " ' cum Greta. 3Hg-f-5^CaO ; C0 2 . Antacid alterative. Dose J to 3 grs. II. Organic Products. Lignin and its Derivatives. Lignin or Cellulose. C 24 H 20 O 20 . (Gossypium, cotton.) Collodium. Ethereal Solution of prepared cotton — Artificial cuticle. Carbo Ligni (Carbo animalis similar). Charcoal. Dose 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls. Acidum Aceticum. (Dilutum in 1 pt. to 7 of water.) Spiritus Pyroxvlicus. C 2 H 4 2 . (Wood Naphtha.) Sedative. Dose 10 to 40 drops. Creasotum. C 14 H 8 2 . Internally to check nausea. Dose gtt. j. Farinaceous, Mucilaginous, and Saccharine Medicines. 1. Fecula. — Amylum (starch), Canna (tous le mois), Maranta (arrowroot), Sago, Florida arrowroot, Tapioca. 148 ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 2. Gums. — Acacia, Mezquite gum, Salep, Tragacan- tha. 3. Sugars. — Saccharum, Saccharum candium (rock candy), Lactin (sugar of milk), Treacle (mo- lasses), Mel (honey), Manna, Extractum glycyr- rhizse (liquorice). Protein and Similar Principles. Fel Bovinum. (Inspissated ox-gall.) Laxative. Dose grs. 5 to 10. Ichthyocolla (Gelatin) — as dietetic and in plaster. Alcohol and Ethers. Alcohol. C 4 H 5 0,HO. The standard has sp. gravity .835. Of this, Brandy has 55 per cent., Irish Whis- key 52, Rum has 53, Gin 51, strong Port Wine 25, weak Port 19, Currant Wine 20, Madeira 24, Sherry 19, Claret 12 to 17, Hock 12, Champagne 12, Cider 5 to 9, Ale 6 to 8, Porter 4 to 6 per cent. JEther. C 4 H 5 0. Best Anaesthetic 1 pt. Ether, 2 of Chloroform. Spiritus jEtheris Compositus. (Hoffman's Anodyne.) Dose gtt. 20 to fgj. Spiritus JEtheris Nitrici. Refrigerant, diaphoretic. Dose gtt. 10 to fgij. Chloroformum. C 2 HC1 3 . Anaesthetic, anodyne, etc. Dose gtt. 20 to 60. Fixed Oils and Fats. Glycerin. C 6 H 7 5 +HO (sweet principle). Lubricant, miscible with water, etc. List. — Adeps (lard), Oleum Adipis and Stearin (from lard), Sevum (mutton suet), 01. Amygdalee, 01. ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 149 Macidis (from fruit of myristica moschata), 01. Ca- cao, 01. Olivae, 01. Papaveris, 01. Sesami (benne oil), Oil Lini (flaxseed), 01. Bubulum, 01. Morrhuee (cod-liver), 01. cetacei, 01. Eicini (castor oil), 01. Tiglii (croton), 01. Palrnae. Volatile or Essential Oils. Carbo-Hydrogen essential oils are the oils of Turpentine, Savine, Juniper, Cardamoms, Lemon, Cedrat, Neroli, Bergamot, Orange, Cubebs, Copaibae, Pepper, Gin- ger, Amber, Cloves, and Valerian. Oxygenated oils (most soluble), are oils of Anise, Absin- thium, bitter Almonds, Asarum, Achillea, Buchu, Cajeput, Canella, Carraway, Catnip, Cascarilla, Cloves (heavy), Chenopodium, Carrot seed, Cassia, Cinna- mon, Chamomile, Coriander, Cumin, Dill, Erigeron, Filix mas, Fennel seed, Gaultheria, Hedeoma, Hops, Lavender, Marrubium, Matico, Matricaria, Melissa, Mint (pepper and spear), Monarda, Nutmeg, Origa- num, Pimenta, Pulegium, Rose (attar), Rosemary, Rue, Salvia, Sambucus, Sassafras, Serpentaria, Tana- cetum, and Valerian (heavy). Sulphuretted oils are oils of Mustard, Horseradish, Gar- lic or Onion, and Assafoetida. Camphors have a close relation to essential oils ; many of which deposit them. Olea. Oils. Oleum Amygdalae Dulcis. Dose f gj to f §j. " Anthemidis. 5-15 drops. " Bergamii. Perfume. Bubulum. Neat's -foot oil. Dose as cod-liver oil. Cajeputi. Stimulant. 1-5 drops. Camphorae. 1-2 drops. Rubefacient anodyne. 150 ORGANIC PRODUCTS. Oleum Cinnamomi. 1-2 drops. " Limonis. Flavoring. " Lini. Flaxseed oil. Morrhuse. Cod-liver oil. Dose a tablespoonful. " Myristicse. 1-2 drops. " Oliva. Olive oil. " Ricini. Castor oil. Dose fgj. Give in mint or cinnamon water, or hot coffee. " E-osse. Perfume. " Succini. Oil of Amber. " Terebinthinse. Dose 5-30 drops or more. Theobromse. Cacao butter. Used for supposi- tories, etc. Thy mi (Origani). Local application. " Tiglii. Croton oil. Dose 1-2 drops. Counter- irritant. Distilled Oils. Oleum Anisi. 5-15 drops. " Cari. 1-10 drops. " Caryophylli. 2-6 drops. " Chenopodii. Anthelmintic dose for child 4-8 drops. " Copaibse. 10-15 drops. " Coriandri. 5-10 drops. " Cubeba.^ 10-12 drops. Erigontis Canadensis. 5-10 drops. " Foeniculi. 5-15 drops. " Graultherise, 5-10 drops. " Hedeomse. 2-10 drops. " Juniperi. 5-15 drops. " Lavandula. 1-5 drops. " Menthse Piperitae. 1-3 drops. " " Viridis. 2-5 drops. " Monardse. 2-3 drops. Eubefacient. " Origani. Rubefacient. ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 151 Oleum Pimenta. 3-6 drops. Rosmarini. 3-6 drops. Rutse. 2-5 drops. Sabinse. 2-5 drops. Sassafras. 2-10 drops. Succini Rectificatum. 5-15 drops. Tabaci. Rarely used. Valerianae. 3-5 drops. Oleoresins. Oleoresina Capsici. 1 drop. Powerful rubefacient " Cubebse. 5-30n\,. " Filicis. 3ss. " Lupulinee. 2-5 grs. " Piperis. l-2n^. " Zingiberis. ltr^, much diluted. Resins. 1. Resins proper. — Resina, mastich, Copal, Elemi, San- darac, Pix Canadensis, Pix Burgundica, Guaiaci resina, Succinum, Copaivic acid. 2. Oleo resins. — Terebinthina (white turpentine), Tere- binthina Canadensis (balsam of fir), Terebinthina Veneta (Venice turpentine), Copaiba. 3. Gum resins. — Ammoniacum (stimulant, expectorant), Assafoetida (antispasmodic), Gralbanum (stimulant, antispasmodic), Sagapenum (stimulant like assafoe- tida), G-ainbogia (acrid cathartic), Scammonium (cathartic), Olibanum (frankincense), Myrrha (em- menagogue and astringent). 4. Balsams. — Benzoinum, Balsamum Peruvianum (stimulant, expectorant), Balsamum Tolutanum (stimulant, expectorant), Styrax (stimulant and ex- pectorant). 5. Other articles containing resins or resinoid active prin- 152 ORGANIC PRODUCTS. ciples. — Calamus, Cimicifuga, Colocynthis (colocyn- thin), Extract Cannabis (cannabin), Guaiaci lignin, Helleborus (Helleborin), Jalapa (jalapin), Meze- reum, Podophyllum (podophyllin), Pyrethrum (pyrethrin), Zingiberis, and drugs containing essen- tial oils. (See Mesinoid Extracts,) Neutral Organic Principles. Names of alkaline principles terminate in ia, neutral or subacid principles in in or ine. 1. Extractive matters, soluble in water. — Aurantin (from cortex aurantii and limonis) — Bitter extractive of Anthemis, of Canella, of Chimaphila, of Coptis, of Cornus Florida, of Eupatorium, of Gentiana, of Mar- rubium, of Serpentaria, and acrid extractive of Scillse — Cathartin (in senna, cassia, and rhamni bacca), Ergotin (extractive of ergot), Extractive of Juglans (cathartis), Ilicin (in ilex, used as substitute for quinise). 2. Neutral crystalline principles. — Absinthin (from ab- sinthium), Aloin (from aloe), Amygdalin (from amygdala amara), Asparagin and Althein (from asparagus, althaea, glycyrrhizse, and Symphytum), Apocynin (from apocynum cannabinum, emetic and cathartic), Asclepione (from asclepias syriaca, nar- cotic), Caffein (from coffee, isomeric with thein), Cantharidin (from caDtharis), Cascarillin (from cas- carilla), Cetrarin (from cetraria), Columbin (from colomba), Cubebin (from cubeba), Cusparin (from angustura), Daphnin (from mezereum), Digitalin (from digitalis, a violent poison ; dose, one- thirtieth of a grain), Elaterin (from elaterium, powerful cath- artic; dose, one-tenth grain), Esculin (from sesculus), Helleborin (from helleboris), Hesperidin (from cor- tex limonis, etc.), Hydrastin (from hydrastis — see ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 153 page 90). Limonin (from seeds of lemon), Lirioden- drin (from liriodendron), Maticin (from matico), Meconin, Narcein, and Narcotin (from opium), Phlo- ridzin (from apple, cherry and plum trees), Picro- toxin (from cocculus indicus,) Piperin (from piper nigrum and longum), Quassin (from quassia and simaruba), Salicin (from salix, etc.), Santonin (from semen santonica — a popular anthelmintic — dose 1 to 4 grs.), Saponin (from saponaria), Sarsaparillin (from sarsaparilla), Seillitin (from scilla), Scoparin (from scoparius), Senegin (from senega), Taraxacin (from taraxacum), Thein (from tea — see Caffein), Theobromin (from theobroma cacao), Xanthoxylin (from xanthoxylum). 3. Coloring principles. — Indigotin (from indigo), Or- cine (from litmus), Chlorophylle (from leaves), Car- thamus (red and yellow), Carmine (from coccus), Polycroite (from crocus — yellow), Curcumin (from curcuma — yellow), Hsematin (from hsemotoxylon), Quercitron (quercitron — yellow), Santalin (from santalum), Rubian, Alizarin, and Purpurin (from rubia), Anchusin (from anchusa — red, green), Bha- barbaric acid (from rheum — yellow, red, with al- kali), Sanguinarina (from sanguinaria), Hydrastine (from hydrastis — yellow). Vegetable Acids. 1. Fruit acids. — Citric (in lemon, etc.), Tartaric (in grapes, used in effervescing drinks), Malic (in apples, etc.), Oxalic (in rhubarb, sorrel, etc.), Pectic. 2. Astringent and allied acids. — Tannic (styptic, dose 2 to 10 grs.), Gallic (astringent, dose 5 to 20 grains), Ellagic, Catechu - tannic (in kino, catechu, etc.), Cincho - tannic (in cinchona bark), Cephselic (in ipecac). 154 ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 3. Balsamic, having relation to essential oils. — Benzoic, Cinnamic, Valerianic and Hydrocyanic (sedative). Dose of officinal dilute acid tr^ii to v. 4. Combined with alkaloids in plants. — Meconic (with morphia, etc., in opium), Kinic (with quinia, etc., in cinchonas), Aconitic (with aconitia, etc., in aconite), Strychnic or Igasuric (with strychnia and brucia in nux vomica), Veratric (with veratria in cevadilla seed), Calumbic (with bebeerina, in columbo), Ceva- dic (with colchicia, in colchicum), Coccalinic (with menispermina, in cocculus indicus). Vegetable Alkaloids. Aconitia (J to 2 grs. to £j of ointment in neuralgia), Delphina, Berberina, Cissampelina, Menispermina. The opium alkaloids are Morphia, JSTarcotin, Codeia, Paramorphia or Thebaina and Papaverina. Dose of morphia salts -g- to J gr. — Sanguinarina, Conia. The Cinchona alkaloids are Quinia, Quinidia, Cinchonia (Quinoidine or Chinoidine is precipitated extract), (Quinse Sulphas is the well-known antiperiodic — the sulphates of the other alkaloids have been used as substitutes), Emetia or Emetina (active principle of ipecac), Arnicina, Lobelina, Strychnia (tonic excito- motor, dose T ^- gr.), Brucia (like strychnia, from nux vomica, etc., less powerful), Atropia (used in solution for dilating the pupil of the eye), Daturia, Hyoscy- amia, Solania, Mcotia or Mcotina (active principle of tobacco), Bebeerina (the sulphate is tonic and antiperiodic, dose 3 to 10 grs.), Veratria (used in neuralgia and gout, dose y 1 ^ gr., or externally in oint- ment, 9j to §j), Colchicia. PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 155 III. Pharmaceutical Preparations. Medicated Waters. 1st Class. — By trituration with an insoluble substance, and subsequent filtration. Aqua Camphora. Camphor gj. Carb. Magnes. gij to Oj. Dose f^ss. Amygdalae Amara?. Oil Ti\,xvj. Carb. Magnes. a'" to 0i J- Do g e f Eh Cinnamomi. Oil u^xvj. Carb. Magnes. gj to Oj. Dose f §ij. Foeniculi. Oil irtxvj. Carb. Magnes. gj to Oj. Dose fgij. Mentha? Pip. Oil tr^xyj. Carb. Magnes. gj to Oj. Dose f §ij. Mentha? Virid. Oil TTtxvj. Carb. Magnes. gj to Oj. Dose f gij. 2d Class. — By distillation. Aq. Rosa. Rose petals Hbj to Oj. 3d Class. — By charging water with gas. Aq. Acidi Carbonici, 5 parts C0 2 to 1 of water. Infusions. 1st Class. — With maceration, by boiling water. Group 1. — §j to Oj. Infusum Cinchona? Flava?. Tonic. " Cinchona? Rubra?. Tonic. Cascarilla?. Stimulant, tonic. 156 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Infusum Eupatorii. Tonic — a diaphoretic, and emetic when hot. " Kramerise. Astringent. " Sarsaparilla. Alterative, diaphoretic. " Ulmi. Demulcent. " Buchu. Demulcent, diuretic. " Armoracise (with mustard-seed §j). Stimu- lant, diuretic. " Senna (+ Coriander §j). Cathartic. Group 2. — ^ss. to Oj. Infusum Angusturae. Stimulant, tonic. Anthemidis. Tonic, emetic when hot. " Calumbse. Tonic. " Serpentarise. Tonic. " Valerianae. Stimulant, antispasmodic. Capsici. Arterial stimulant. Dose f §ss. " Zingiberis. Carminative. Humuli. Tonic, mild narcotic. " Spigelian. Anthelmintic. " Catechu Comp. (+ Cinnamon gj). Astrin- gent. " Lini Comp. (-f Liquorice Root gij). Demul- cent. Group 3. — Proportions varied. Infusum Caryophylli gij to Oj. Stimulant. " Rhei ^ij to Oj. Cathartic. " Tabaci gj to Oj. Sedative injection in hernia. " Digitalis 3j to Oss. +Tinct. Cinnam. fgj. Narcotic. Dose f^j. " Rosse Comp. JJss. to Oijss. -(-Sugar, diluted Sulphuric Acid, Water. Adjuvant to as- tringent gargles. " Taraxaci §ij to Oj. Diuretic. PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 157 2d Class. — With cold water, by maceration or displacement. Infusum Cinchona Comp. gj to Oj. +Arom. Sulph. Acid fgj. Tonic. Pruni Virginianse gss. to Oj. Sedative, tonic. Quassise gij to Oj. Tonic. " Gentianse Comp. ^ss. to Oj. + Bitter Orange- peel, Coriander, Dil. Alcohol, Water. Tonic. " Sassafras Medullar 3J to Oj. Demulcent. Solutions or Liquors. Liquor Ammonise Acetatis. Spiritus Mindereri. Spirit of Mindererus. Dilute Acetic Acid, saturated with Carbonate of Ammonia. A valuable diaphoretic. Dose §ss. to Jjss. " Ammoniae Citratis. Dose f gij to f ^vi. " Arsenici et Hydrargyri Iodidi. Donovan's So- lution. Alterative in skin disease. Dose 5 drops 3 times a day. " Arsenici Hydrochloride. Hydrochloric Solu- tion of Arsenic. Similar to Fowler's Solution. Dose 2 to 8n\,. " Barii Chloridi. Solution of Chloride of Barium. Used in cancer and scrofula. Dose 5 drops. " Bismuthi et Ammonise Citratis. Solution of Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonia. Dose f gj. " Calcii Chloridi. Solution of Chloride of Cal- cium. Dose 30rr\, to gj. " Calcis. Lime Water. Lime giv. Water Oviii. Dose f gij to f^iv during the day. The spray from the atomizer in membranous croup. " Calcis Saccharatus. Saccharated Solution of Lime — 3j equal to ^j of Lime Water. " Ferri Citratis. Solution of Citrate of Iron. Dose lOir^ equal to 5 grs. of Salt. " Ferri Xitratis. Solution of Nitrate of Iron. Dose 10-15 drops. 158 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Liquor Ferri Perchloridi Fortior. A powerful styptic. " Subsulphatis. Monsel's Solution. Styptic. Gutta-perchse. Solution of Gutta-percha. (Sliced Gutta-percha §jss. Chloroform ^xvii. Dis- solve and add Carbonate of Lead gij. Settle and decant.) Artificial cuticle, etc. Hydrargyri Nitratis. Acid solution of Nitrate of Mercury. Caustic. Iodinii Compositus. Compound solution of Iodine. (Iodine 360 grs., Iod. Potass. §jss. Dist. Water Oj.) Dose 6 drops, diluted. Lithise Effervescens. Dose 5 to 10 f %. Magnesise Carbonatis. Dose 1-2 fg. " Citratis. Solution of Citrate of Mag- nesia. A pleasant cathartic. Dose gxii. Morphise Acetatis. Dose 15— 30rr^. " Hydrochloratis. Dose 15-30tt\,. " Sulphatis. (Sulph. Morph. 8 grs., Dist. Water Oss.) Dose fgj equal to -J gr. Magen die's Solution con- tains 16 grs. to f ^j. Plumbi Subacetatis. Sedative and astringent lotion. Plumbi Subacetatis dilutus. f giij of Solution of Subacetate of Lead, to Oj Water. Potassse. Antacid and An tilithic. Dosel0-30rr\,. " Arsenitis. Fowler's Solution. Aver- age dose 10 drops, 2 or 3 times a day. " Citratis. Citric Acid gss. Bi-Carb. Potassa 330 grs. Water Oss. Sodse Chlorinate. Labarraque's Disinfectant. Tinctures. Tinctures were formerly made by maceration for 2 weeks, but are now best prepared by percolation. The PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 159 Paris Society of Pharmacy direct percolation with Al- cohol of 60° for Belladonna, Conium, Hyoscyainus, Stramonium, Digitalis, Quassia, Pale Cinchona, Rhe- tany, and Senna ; with Alcohol of 80° for Valerian, Cin- namon, and Red and Yellow Cinchona. They adyise maceration with Alcohol of 60° for Aloes, Arnica, Cate- chu, Colchicum bulbs, Gentian, Ipecacuanha, Musk, Rhubarb, and Squill. With Alcohol of 80° for Castor, Calumbo, Colchicum seed, Cloves, Ginger, Jalap, Nux Vomica, Saffron, and Vanilla. With Alcohol of 90° for Assafoetida, Balsam of Peru, Balsam of Tolu, Benzoin, Ammoniae, Myrrh, and Scammony. Tinctura Aconiti Folii. Dose 20-30 drops. " " Radicis. Dose 5-10 drops. Dr. Fleming's Tincture is stronger than this. Aloes. Purgatiye §ss to §j ; Laxatiye 3J-^ij. " " et Myrrhge. Dose gj-gij. Arnica. A popular lotion. Assafcetidas. Dose f gss.-f ^j. Belladonnas. 15-30 drops. Benzoini Composite, f gss.-f gij. •' Calumbse. f^j-f^iy. Cannabis. 40 drops = 1 gr. of Extract. Cantharidis. 20 drops-f £j. * Capsici. fgj-f^ij- " Cardamomi. fgj-f^ij. u Compositaa. f&j-fgij. " Castorei. fgss.-fgij. " Catechu, f^ss.-f giij. " Cinchonas, f^j-f^iy. " Composite. f^j-fSiv. " Cinnamomi. f^j-fgiv. " Colchici. f^ss.-f^ij. " Conii. fgss.-f^j. " Cubebse. f^j-f^ij. " Digitalis. 10-20 drops. 160 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Tinctura Ferri Chloridi. 10 drops-f 3J. " Gall*. f3j-f3iij : " Gentianse Composite, f 3J-fgij. " Guaiaci. fgj-f^iij. " " Ammoniata. f 3j— f ^ij. " Hellebori. f^ss.-fgj, " Humuli. fgj-fgiij. " Hyoscyami. f^ss-fgi. " Iodinii. 10-20 drops. " " Composita. 15-30 drops. " Jalapa. f^j-f^ij. " Kino. fSJ-f&j. " Kramerise. f^j-f^ij. " Lobelise. fgj-f^ij^ " Lupulinse. fgj-fgij. " Myrrhse. f.^ss-fgj. " Nucis Vomicae. 20tt\,. " Opii. 25 drops == 1 gr. " u Acetata. 20 drops = 1 gr. " " Ammoniata. SOl^-fgi. " " Camphorata. f^j-f^ij. Infant 5-20 drops. " " Deodorata. 25 drops. " Quassise. f^j-fgij. " Ehei. fgj-f^ij. As a purgative, f^ss.-fgj. " " et' Aloes. Ditto. " " et Gentianse. Ditto. " " et Sennas, fgss.-fgj " Sanguinarise. 30-60 drops. " Scillse. 20-40 drops. Gum Arabic, reduced Iron, aa 60 grs., Water f £x. = 300 pills — 1 gr. Iodide Iron and \ gr. of reduced Iron in each pill. " Galbani Composite. Galbanum, Myrrh aa 360 grs., Assafoetida 120 grs., Syrup q. s. = 240 pills. Dose 5-20 grs. " Hydrargyri — Blue pill. Mercury ^j, Rose Con- fection §jss., Liquorice powder §ss. = 480 pills. Dose 5-15 grs. as cathartic, 1 two or three times a day as alterative. " Opii. Opium 60 grs., Soap 12 grs. = 60 pills. Dose 1 pill. " Quinise Sulphatis. Sulph. Quinia t ^j, Gum Arabic 120 grs., Honey q. s. = 480 pills. Dose 1 gr. of Sulph Quin. to each pill. " Ehei. Rhubarb 360 grs., Soap 120 grs. = 120 pills. Dose 3 grs. to a pill. " Composite. Rhubarb gj, Aloes 360 grs., Myrrh §ss., Oil Peppermint f gss. = 240 pills. Dose 2-4. " Saponis Composite. Opium 60 grs., Soap ^ss. Dose 1 gr. Opium in 5 grs. " Scilloe Composite. Squill 60 grs., Ginger, Am- moniac, aa 120 grs., Soap 180 grs., Syrup q. s. = 120 pills. Dose 5-10 grs. Liquids. Suitable medicines are most soluble salts, light insolu- ble powders, extracts, gum-resins, oils, etc. PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 173 Forming eligible solutions with letter. — Alunien, Ammon. Murias., Ant. et Pot. Tart., Barrii Chloridum, Calcii Chloridum, Ferri Sulph., Ferri et Pot. Tart., Man- ganesii Sulph., Magnesiae Sulphas, Potassaa Acetas, Pot. Bicarb., Pot. Garb., Pot. Citras, Pot. Chloras, Pot. Tartras., Potassii Bromid., Pot. Ioclid., Morphia Ace- tas, Morphia Sulphas, Morphia Murias, Soda? Bicarb., Sod. Boras, Sod. Carbonas, Sod. Sulph., Sod et Pot. Tart., Sod. Chlorid., Sod. Phosph., Acid Citric, Acid Tartaric, Acid Tannic. Mixing, but not forming clear solutions in water diffused by agitation. — Magnesia, Potas. Bitart., Sulph. Praecip., Pulv. Cinchona?, Pulv. Ipecac, Quiniae Sulph. Miscible by trituration alone. — Ext. Aeoniti, Ext. Bellad., Ext. Conii, Ext. Hyoscyami, Ext. Stramon., Ext. Taraxaci, Ext. Kramer., Ext. Giycyrrh., Confections, Assafeetida, Ammoniac, Guaiacuni, Myrrha, Scam- mony. Suspended by viscid excipients. — Copaiba, 01. Amygdalae, 01. Eicini, 01. Terebinth, Olea Essentia, Ferri Proto- carb. Requiring additions to form solutions. — Quin. Sulph., Cinchon. Sulph., Quinid. Sulph., Chinoidine, Iodine, Hydrarg. Iodid. Rub. Requiring viscid substances. — Ammon. Carb., Hyd. Chlorid. Corros., Pot. Cyanuret, Potassa. Vehicles or correctives (especially of salines). — Aq. Med- icate, Syrups, Tinct. Cinnamomi, Tinct. Cinnam. Comp., Tinct. Cardam. Tinct. Card. Com., Infus. Rosa Comp., Saccharum, Olea destillata, Tinct. Tolutana, Tinct. Zingiberis. Glycerates. Glyceritum Acid Carbolici. Glycerate of Carbolic Acid. Glycerine 4 parts, Carbolic Acid 1 part — 4irr\, represent 1 gr. of Acid. Dose 5-10 rr\,. 174 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Glyceritum Acidi Gallici. Glycerate of Gallic Acid. Glycerine 4 pts., Gallic Acid 1 pt. Dose 20-60nv Acidi Tannici. Glycerate of Tannic Acid. Glycerine 4 pts., Tannin 1 pt. Dose 10- 40nx. " Boracis. Glycerate of Borax. Glycerine 4 pts., Borax 1 part. Convenient appli- cation to aphthae. Liniments. Linimentum Aconiti. gxvi to Oj Beet. Sp.+gj Cam- phor. Ammoniae. Aq. Amm. gj, Olive Oil gij. Belladonna?. See Lin. Aeon. Camphorae. Camph. gijj, Olive Oil giv. Comp. Camph. gijss., 01. Lavend. gj, Aq. Ammon. gv, Rect. Spirit gxv. " Cantharidis. Canth. gj, 01. Terebinth. Oss. " Chloroformi. Chloroform giij, Olive Oil giv. " Crotonis. Croton Oil gj, 01. Cajeput. Rect. Spt. aa giijss. " Hydrargyri. Ung. Hyd. gj, Aq. Am., Lin. Camph. aa gj. " Iodi. Iodine gx, Iod. Pot. gss., Camph. gij, Rect. Sp.gx. . - . " Opii. Tr. Opii, Lin. Sap. aa gij. " Potassii Iodidi cum Sapone. Soap, Iod. Pot. aa gjss., Glycerine gj, 01. Limonis gj, Water gx. Saponis. Soap giv, Camph. gij, 01. Rosmar. gss., Water giv, Alcohol Oij. " Sinapis Comp. 01. Mustard gj, Ext. Mezereon 40 grs., Camphor 120 grs., Castor Oil gv, Rect. Sp. giv. PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 175 Linimentum Terebinthinae. Resin cerate §xii, 01. Tereb. Oss. alterative. Ung. Potassii f 1 pt. KI+1 pt. Aq., ) Discutient, alter- Iodid. 1 8 Lard. j ative. Ung.Plumbifl Pt.PbO,C0 2 ,l A h desiccant Carb. j 6 Ung. Simp. / Astrin g ent > desiccant. Ung. Sulphuris. 1 pt. S, 2 pts. Lard. In Itch. f Sulph. gj, Ammon. Merc. 5j, Ung. Sulphuris j Benz. Acid gj, 01. Berg, f^j, In Comp. ' Sulph. Acid fgj, Mt. Potas. r Itch. I "Sij, Lardgvj. Ung. Belladonnas 1 pt. Ext., 8 Lard. Anodyne.* Ung. Stramonii. 1 pt. Ext., 8 Lard. Anodyne. Ung. Creasoti. Creasote f^ss., Lard 5J. Antiseptic, stimulant. Ung. Benzoini. Tr. Benz. gj to giv Lard. Soothing. Ung. Cadmii Iodidi. 62 grs. to §j. Alterative. Ung. Plumbi Iod. 62 grs. to £j. Alterative. PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 177 3d Glass. — By digesting the ingredient in Lard. Ung. Tabaci. 3J Leaves to lb.j Lard. Narcotic. Ung. Mezerei. giv Bark to gxiv Lard, §ij Wax. Stimulant. Ung. Cantharidis (with boiling water), §ij to ^viij. Eesin Cerate. Stimulant. Ung. Picis Liquidse. Equal parts Tar and Suet. Stim- ulant. Ung. Zinci Oxidi. 80 grs. to §j Ung. Benz. Mild Astringent. 4th Class. — The unctuous ingredient is decomposed. Ung. Hydrarg. Nit. (Citrine Ointment.) Powerful stimulant and alterative. Cerat. Saponis. Soothing dressing. Cerate Plumbi S. Acet. (Goulard's Cerate.) Cooling. Plasters. . -rp -, , ("Ammoniac §v, Dil. Acetic) Lmplastrum 1 A - d 0gg D issolve strain I Stimulant. Ammoniaci. j and evaporate. \ J "Ammoniac §xii, Mer- cury §iii. ■ Stimulant, Olive Oil 60 grs., Sub- ' alterative, limed Sulphur 8 grs. ^ Antimonii. Tartar Emetic §j, Burgundy Pitch giv. Pustulating. Emp. Arnicse. Alcoholic Ext. Arnica §jss. Kesin Plaster giij. Stimulant. 'Assafoet, Lead Plaster, aa] gxii, Galbanum, Yellow Emp. . Wax, aa §vi, Alcohol Oiij. Assafoetidae. ' Dissolve the gums in Alcohol, evaporate till/like honey, melt all together, stir, evaporate. 12 Emp. Ammoniaci cum Hydrargyro. Emp. Stimulant. - Antispas- modic. 178 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Emp. Belladonnas Alcoholic Ext. Bellad. §j, Kesin Plaster §ij. Anodyne. Emp. f Sub | Garb Iron giij, Lead| ug fa . Ferri.j gg^™*' Bur § und yj plaster." § Emp. Gal- J Ga l ban «™. SttTvpaiihn fJOstimu- baniComp. j f ur S' ? ltch 3"J> Lead Plaster \ lant ^ (. gXXXVl. J Emp [Mercury §vi, Olive Oil, 1 Hydrargyri. | Ees ^.^ 3& Lead Plas- |- Alterative. Emp. Opii. Ext. Opium §j, Burg. Pitch §ijj, Lead Plaster §xii. Anodyne. Emp. Picis Burgundies. Burg. Pitch §72, Yellow Wax §6. Rubefacient. Emp. Picis cum Cantharidse. Burg. Pitch §48, Canth. cerate §4. Rubefacient. Emp. Plumbi. Litharge §30, Olive Oil §56. "Lead Plaster/' "Diachylon." Emp. Plumbi Iodidi. Iod. Lead §j, Soap Plaster, Resin Plaster, aa §iv. Alterative. Emp. Resinge. Resin §vi, Lead Plaster §36. Stimu- lant. E fHardSoap§10, Yellow Wax g 12 J,) „« s2 s i Olive Oil Oj, Oxide of Lead §15, p^,, baponis. j y in x h Melt evaporate . J master. Suppositories. Suppositoria Acidi Tannici. 3 grs. to each. " Hydrargyri. 5 grs. to each. " Morphise. J gr. to each. " Plumbi Composite. 3 grs. Acetate Lead and 1 gr. Opium to each.r VIII. TABLE OF SYMPTOMATOLOGY. A. TOPOGRAPHICAL. 1. — General Aspect of Patient. I. Attitude. Unusual languor — invasion of acute disease — course of chronic ones. Unnatural boldness — insanity — delirium. General immobility — catalepsy. Irregular and perpetual movement — chorea. Distorted features, altered position, and impaired motion of limbs — hemiplegia. Tonic spasm of trunk — tetanus. II. Decubitus. Constantly dorsal — cerebral apoplexy, organic disease of brain and spinal marrow, acute peritonitis, general articular rheumatism. Prone — generally in gastric, intestinal, hepatic, and renal colic. Lateral — some stages of pleurisy or pneumonia (not 179 180 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. general) ; in consumption, when one lung is affected, the diseased side is usually lain on. Sitting — diseases of heart and lungs, which interfere with respiration. Head thrown back — laryngeal and tracheal disease. Bestlessness, jactitation, etc. — the invasion of acute inflammation, idiopathic fevers, many affections of children, delirium and acute mania. III. Volume of Body. General enlargement — anasarca, or emphysema from a wound of the chest. 2. Signs furnished by Head, Face, and Neck. Head bent to one side — convulsions, hemiplegia, tor- ticollis, dislocation of cervical vertebra, cervical glandular swellings, cicatrices of neck, after burns. Head bent forward — vertebral malformation. Head bent back — diseases with dyspnoea, as croup, laryngismus stridulus, suffocative catarrh, etc. Te- tanus, spinal meningitis of neck. Cranium increased in size — chronic hydrocephalus — hypertrophied brain. (Edematous scalp — erysipelas, small-pox. Facies stupida (dull expression) — .typhoid fever. Facies vultuosa (full, red face, injected eyes) — cardiac hypertrophy, cerebral congestion. Pinched countenance (opposite of last) — acute perito- nitis, in health, from exposure to severe cold. Facies hippocratica — in chronic diseases just before death, in unusually prolonged acute disease. 3. Physiognomical Rugae. Kugse transversa (in forehead) — excessive pain rising externally. SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 181 R. oculo-frontales (from forehead vertically to root of nose) — distress, anxiety, anguish, and severe internal pain. In acute diseases, an imperfect or false crisis, impending efflorescence, and often fatal termination. Linea oculo-zygomatica (from inner angle of the eye below the cheek-bone) — in children a cerebral or nervous affection ; in adults, disorder or abuse of the generative organs. Linea nasalis (from upper border of ala nasi, curved to outer margin of the orbicularis oris) — strongly marked in phthisis and atrophy, inferior part indi- cates gastric disease, upper part affection of the upper part of intestine. Conjointly with retraction of the cheek, and with the L. oculo-zygomatica, the r eyes being fixed and complexion wan, an indication of worms. L. labialis (from angle of mouth to lower part of face) — in children, a thoracic affection with dyspnoea. L. collaterals nasi (in a semicircular direction toward the chin, external to last two) — chronic and obsti- nate disease of thoracic or abdominal viscera. (Edema of face and eyelids — albuminuria, sometimes in anaemia. Transient redness or flushing of face — women suffer- ing from menstrual irregularity, and at the critical period. Hectic flush — phthisis, wasting, chronic affections. Paleness of face — cold stage of fever, and acute in- flammation, chronic diseases, especially Bright's disease, in convalescence. Dingy white or greenish face — anaemia. Yellow tint — jaundice. Yellow at labial commissures and alse nasi — slight hepatic derangement. Citron tint — in cancerous affections. Bluish hue — impeded venous circulation, as in as- phyxia, Asiatic cholera, typhus fever, cyanosis. 182 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. Slate color — from the use of Nit. Silver. Perpetual motion of eyelids — some cases of mania and idiocy. Forcible closure of eyelids — photophobia. Eyelids open — injury of portio-dura from paralysis of the orbicularis. Paralysis of upper lip — lesion of third pair of nerves. Epiphora (flowing of tears over the cheek) — obstruc- tion of lachrymal duct, in initial stage of ophthal- mia, and in some neuralgic affections of the eye, presence of a foreign body. Nostrils dilating forcibly and rapidly — difficult respi- ration. Itching nostrils — in children a sign of intestinal worms. 4. Region of the Throat. Enlarged — some anginose affections, in the first months of pregnancy, and at the approach of puberty in females. Violent pulsation of carotid arteries — acute mania, cerebral inflammation, hypertrophy of heart with dilatation of right ventricle, anaemia, sometimes in typhoid fever. Pulsation of arteria innominata (above the sternum, in front and to the right of the trachea) — aortic regurgitation. Circumscribed swellings — glandular enlargements. 5. Region of the Chest. General expansion of one side — large pleuritic effu- sion. Bulging at base of lung — gravitating pleuritic effusion. Bulging at anterior superior parts of chest — emphy« sema. SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 183 Bulging in right hypochondrium — enlargement of liver. Bulging in precordial region — effusion into pericar- dium, or hypertrophy of heart. Tumor about the junction of third rib, with right side of sternum — aneurism of ascending aorta. Tumor between the base of scapula and the spine — aneurism of descending aorta. Retraction of one side (usually the left) — after absorp- tion of pleuritic effusion. Depression or local retraction — absorption of circum- scribed effusion, phthisis. Respiration increased (healthy standard about 20 a minute) — dyspnoea, as in spasmodic asthma. Respiration diminished — pleurisy and pleurodynia, paralysis of respiratory muscles, pneumonia, em- physema, pneumothorax, phthisis, etc. Respiration jerking — spasmodic, asthma, obstruction of larynx and trachea, pleurodynia. Respiration costal — abdominal inflammation and dia- phragmatic pleurisy. 6. Abdominal Region. General increase of volume — ascites, meteorism, tym- panites (these latter known by resonance, and occur in adynamic diseases, peritonitis, intestinal obstruc- tion, hysteria, etc.). Enlargement of hypochondria — diseases of liver or spleen. Enlargement in epigastrium — hysteria and cancer of stomach. Enlargement in hypogastrium — distension of bladder, ovarian tumors, fecal accumulation, etc. Diminished size — in most chronic diseases, as chronic dysentery, in lead colic (with hard muscles). 184 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 7. Genital Organs. Enlarged penis in children — vesical calculus, mastur- bation. Cartilaginous hardness of corpora cavernosa — from onanism. Retraction of testicles — renal calculus. Distended scrotum — hydrocele, hematocele, sarcocele. Enlarged labia majora — general dropsy, local affec- tions. 8. Extremities. Immovable — paralysis. Contracted and rigid — softening of brain, etc. (Edematous — from embarrassed circulation. Articulations swollen — rheumatism, hydrarthrosis, white swelling, etc. Diminished in size — paralysis. B. PHYSIOLOGICAL. 1. Functions of the Nervous System. I. Sensation. Morbidly augmented — acute inflammatory affections of brain and spinal marrow, idiopathic fevers, hys- teria. Tensile pain — phlegmonous inflammation. Dull, heavy pain — enlarged viscera, internal tumor, effusion in serous cavities, in the loins previous to menstrual and hemorrhoidal discharges. Smarting pain — skin deprived of .cuticle, or under in- fluence of irritants. Lancinating pain — cancer and neuralgia. SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 185 Boring pain — constitutional syphilis, rheumatism, gout, inflammation of periosteum, etc. Contusive pain — from bruises, in acute diseases. Itching and formication — cutaneous disorder. Exaltation of vision — ophthalmia, inflammation of brain and meninges, some nervous affections. Museae volitantes — affections of brain and optic nerve, dyspepsia. Hearing painfully acute — cerebral inflammation, hys- teria. Hearing obtuse — in typhus fever. II. Voluntary Motion. Increase of strength — acute disorder, with delirium, cerebral inflammation, mania. Debility — in most diseases. Paralysis — indicative of lesion of brain or spinal mar- row, as apoplexy, spinal softening, etc., or of injury to a nervous trunk, or it may be functional, as in some cases of hysteria. Trembling — cold stage of fever, nervous affections, ataxic fevers, in old persons, action on the system of lead, mercury, strong coffee, alcoholic liquor, tobacco, and opium. Rigidity of limbs — in upper extremities, a symptom of softening of the brain, cerebral extravasation, hysteria. III. Keflex or Excito-Motory System. Cramp — pregnant women, hysteria, painter's colic, etc. Tetanus (another form of tonic spasm) — may be trismus when the muscles of mastication are affected, empros- thotonos, with the body bent forward, opisthotonos, if bent backward, and pleurosthotonos, with lateral curvature. 186 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. Clonic or temporary spasm — seen in convulsions of children, in hysteria, and some affections of the brain, in subsultus tendinum taking place in acute, ataxic diseases, in hiccough, etc. Morbid rhythmical movements — disease of cerebellum or its commissures. Reflected or sympathetic sensations, as pain at extremity of penis from calculus of bladder, pain in right shoul- der from congested liver, in left shoulder from disor- dered stomach, etc.", are numerous. IV. Intellect. Exaltation of affections — hypochondriasis. Abolition of moral sensibility — mania, typhus fever. Illusion and hallucination — insanity. Exaltation of intellect — melancholia, sometimes at close of life. Enfeebled intellect — typhus fever. Delirium — diseases of brain and its meninges, typhus fever, the exanthemata ; diseases of chest and abdo- men. Insomnia — mania, etc. Drowsiness — typhoid fever, some affections of the brain, etc. 2. Function of Respiration. I. Dyspnoea. 1. From the access of pure air impeded, a. Mechanical. Rigidity of parts — cartilages ossified, pleura indu- rated, rickety distortion. Pressure of parts — tumors or dropsies of abdomen. SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 187 Obstructions of air-tubes — effusions, swellings, or tu- mors pressing on them, spasm of glottis or bronchi. Compression of lungs — effusions or tumors in pleural sac, in pleurisy, hydrothorax, pneumothorax, aneu- rism, etc. Alteration in tissue of lungs — enlargement of the ves- sels, effusions, as oedema, hepatization, tubercle, etc., altered structure, or emphysema, dilated bronchi, vomica, etc. b. Chemical. Deficiency of oxygen in the air — mephitic gas, rarefied air. c. Vital. Pain of parts moved in respiration — pleurodynia, pleuritis, peritonitis, etc. Paralysis of muscles — injury of spinal marrow. Weakness of muscles — prostration in ataxic fever, etc. Spasm of muscles — tetanus, spasmodic asthma. 2, From the state of the blood. a. Mechanical. Obstruction to the passage of blood — diseases of heart and great vessels, tumors pressing on them. b. Chemical. An excessive venous state — violent exertion. Deficiency of red particles — ansemia, chlorosis. 3. From the nervous relation of parts, Excessive sensibility of par vagum — hysteric dyspnoea, cerebral fevers. 188 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. Defective sensibility of par vagum — coma, narcotism, etc. II. Cough. Hollow or barking — in last stage of consumption, chronic bronchitis, in some nervous affections. Sharp or ringing — in croup. Hoarse — incipient catarrh, chronic laryngitis, anginous affections. Wheezing — asthma. Belching — some disease of larynx. Paroxysmal — whooping-cough, hysteria. On auscultation, bronchial (harsh, rapidly evolved, con- centrated) — phthisis, pneumonia, pleurisy, dilatation of bronchi. On auscultation, cavernous (hollow) — tubercular excava- tion, dilated bronchi. On auscultation, amphoric (metallic or ringing) — bron- cho-pleural fistula, large, tubercular excavation. III. Expectoration. Scanty — first stage of acute affections of lungs. Copious — decline of acute diseases of air-passages or lungs, in chronic affections. Serous or watery — forming stage of bronchitis, pulmo- nary congestion, and vesicular emphysema. Mucous — bronchitis and pneumonia. Purulent — phthisis, third stage of pneumonia. Nummular (like coin) — tubercular phthisis, bronchitis of measles, occasionally in chronic bronchitis. Flocculent, niu co-purulent — advanced phthisis. Tubular — plastic bronchitis, pneumonia. Whitish — beginning of acute affections of the lungs. Yellowish or greenish — acute bronchitis. Rusty — pneumonia. SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 189 Putrid smell — gangrene of lungs. Faint and sweetish smell — bronchitis, and first stage of phthisis. Alliaceous odor — broncho-pleural fistula. IV. Pain. Dull, heavy, aching, round the base of the chest — acute bronchitis. Soreness in sternal region, and between the shoulders — acute bronchitis. Sharp, lancinating, sudden, usually below the nipple — pleuritic. Darting from anterior part of chest to interscapular region — in phthisis. Constant pain between the shoulders — in phthisis, chlorosis, other chronic diseases. V. Effects of Percussion. Increased clearness of sound — in pneumothorax and emphysema. Dulness of sound — pneumonia, pleurisy, phthisis, hy- drothorax, etc. Wooden sound — chronic pleurisy, with dense mem- branes. Tympanitic — pneumothorax and emphysema. Tubular — pleuritic effusion, tubercular excavation. Amphoric — (imitated by filliping the inflated cheek) — tubercular cavities. Cracked metal sound — cavities near the surface. VI. Effects of Auscultation. Exaggerated respiration — in portion of lungs adjoining those unfit for respiration. 190 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. Weak respiration — from obstruction to entrance of air to the part. Suppressed respiration — when mucus clogs up a large bronchus. Jerking respiration — incipient pleurisy, spasmodic asthma, tuberculous infiltration. Incomplete respiration (inspiratory murmur deficient) — spasmodic asthma. Bronchial respiration (like the top of sternum and root of lung naturally) — in pneumonia, tubercles, etc. Cavernous and amphoric — tuberculous excavation. Dry Rhonchi. Sibilant — in bronchitis, from modified calibre of air- cells. Sonorous — in bronchitis, from modified calibre of air- cells. Dry, crackling (few in number, coexisting with inspi- ration) — first stage of phthisis. Humid Rhonchi. Crepitation (imitated by rubbing a lock of hair between the ^fingers near the ear) — pneumonia in stage of en- gorgement and of resolution. Subcrepitant (more moist than last) — in capillary bronchitis, pneumonia at resolution, pulmonary apo- plexy, oedema of lung. Mucous — bubbling through liquid in bronchi of large size. Cavernous or gurgling — same as last, but in the pul- monary excavation. Friction-sound — from diseased pleura. Diminished vocal resonance — in vesicular emphysema, pneumothorax. Exaggerated vocal resonance, or bronchophony — tuber- cle, pneumonia in stage of hepatization. SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 191 iEgophony (nasal tone like a bleat of a goat) — pleuritic effusion. Pectoriloquy (resonance, as in a hollow, and transmitted in articulate words) — tubercular caverns, and dilated bronchi. Metallic, tinkling sound (imitated by striking gently a hollow glass vessel with a pin) — in pneumo-hydro- thorax, with bronchial fistula, in some excavations of the lungs. 3. Circulatory Functions. I. Auscultation of the Heart. a. Its Impulse. (Is correspondent with the pulse at the wrist, unless mechanical impediments exist.) Strong — in fevers and inflammations. Small vibratile — after hemorrhage, in anaemia, etc. Full, strong, heaving, and somewhat diffused — hyper- trophy. Still more powerful, felt over the whole precordial region — hypertrophy with dilatation. Feeble and diffused — ventricular dilatation. Sharp, concentrated — in anaemic or nervous persons, atrophy of the muscular walls of the heart with fatty degeneration. Visible at scrobiculus cordis — obstruction anterior to tricuspid valve. Visible at scrobiculus cordis, as well as between the ribs of left side — disease of mitral valve. b. Its Rhythm. (The natural rhythm is a long sound, a short sound, and an interval.) 192 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. A ltered rhythm — most frequent cause is valvular change, dilatation of heart and atrophy of walls of ventricles, effusions into the pericardium. c. Its Sound. (Natural sound represented by lub-tub lub-tub.) Louder and clearer — dilatation of the cavities, with thinning of the walls, without valvular disease. Clearer, but not louder — muscular atrophy of the parietes. Decreased sounds — impeded action, hypertrophy. (Unnatural sounds, or murmurs.) Endocardial (or blowing murmurs, bellows murmur, rasping murmur, filing murmur, musical murmur), — indicative of valvular lesions, of diseased blood, as anaemia, of nervous disease of heart. Exocardial (rubbing murmur and its varieties) — peri- carditis, from the attrition of roughened surfaces. II. Character of the Pulse. a. As to its Force and Intensity. Strong, resists compression by the finger. In inflam- matory affections, especially of the parenchyma of the solid viscera, as lungs and liver, in the active hemor- rhages. In plethoric and strong individuals, any de- rangement of circulation will cause it. Weak (easily compressible) — disease with prostration, nervous and chronic affections, especially when caused by perverted nutrition, produced by fear, diseases of old men, women, and children. Full, volume of artery seems increased — natural pulse of plethoric and tall persons, diseases with strong SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 193 pulse, cerebral congestion and apoplexy, cardiac disease. Small, opposite of full — often from narrowing of aortic orifice, in the serous phlegmasia, as peritonitis, peri- carditis, inflammations of stomach, intestines, bladder, etc., in hysteria, hypochondriasis, and other nervous affections, in chlorosis, in cold stage of fevers, diseases with violent paroxysms of pain, a symptom of ady- namic and ataxic diseases, and of purulent resorption. Corded (hard, sharp, or contracted, giving a vibratory sensation to the fingers) — in the membranous phleg- masia, sanguine congestions, active hemorrhages, neurosis, lead colic, etc. Soft (compressible or liquid, yields readily to pressure) — in adynamic affections. b. As to its Rhythm. Frequent — febrile and inflammatory disease, hemor- rhages, etc. Slow or infrequent — apoplexy acute tubercular men- ingitis, some adynamic affections, sometimes in dis- eases of heart. Unequal (dicrotous or double in beat) — convalescence. 4. Function of Digestion. Tongue diminished in size (generally also trembling and dry) — typhus and other low fevers. Tongue coated, etc. — Dr. Louis' observations indicate that the tongue does not show the true state of the stomach. This is a subject worthy of further investi- gation. Appetite voracious — pregnancy, hysteria, and insanity. Appetite diminished — most acute diseases. Thirst increased — acute affections, especially of stom- ach and bowels — after hemorrhages, in diabetes. 13 194 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. Thirst abolished — some cerebral diseases with coma. Vomiting — beginning of acute inflammatory and feb- rile affections, early pregnancy, in colic, cerebral dis- eases, hernia. Pain aggravated by pressure — inflammation of viscera, peritonitis. Pain relieved by pressure — overdistension, neuralgia, colic. Tormina — acute colic. Tenesmus — in dysentery. Faeces watery — serous diarrhoea, Asiatic cholera. Faeces mucous (like white of egg) — chronic inflamma- tion of the colon. Faeces hard and scybalous — constipation, colic, cancer of stomach, etc. Faeces clay color — deficiency of bile. Faeces yellow or dark brown — excess of bile. Faeces dark green — from bile, after calomel in children. Faeces red or streaked with blood — dysentery, when the blood is dark, and mixed with the faeces, it is usually from the upper part of intestinal canal. Faeces pitchy black — melaena. Faeces pure blood, unattended with colic — hemorrhoids. Faeces semi-transparent and colorless, with whitish clots (like rice-water or turbid whey) — Asiatic cholera. Faeces black — from iron as medicine. Faeces with shreds of false membrane — dysentery and diarrhoea, biliary or intestinal calculi, worms, etc. Faeces with fat — diabetes, phthisis. Faeces fetid — adynamic diseases. 5. Urinary Secretion. Suppression or diminution — most inflammatory and febrile diseases, dropsy. SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 195 Retention in the bladder — from paralysis, typhoid fever, hysteria, etc. Increased amount — diabetes, cold stage of fevers, hys- teria, from various passions of the mind. Urine darker than usual in inflammatory affections ; if much blood is abstracted during their progress, it becomes clearer; at the height of the inflammation it is clear and deeply colored; when it subsides, there is a yellow or reddish sediment of uric acid and urates. Deposits of uric acid (red or yellow sand sediments) — fever, acute inflammation, rheumatism, phthisis, all the grades of dyspepsia, disease attended with arrest of perspiration, diseases of genital apparatus, from blows and strains of the loins, excessive indulgence in animal food, too little exercise. Deposits of earthy phosphates (white sediment) — in- dicate a depressed state of the nervous energy of serious importance. Deposits of oxalate of lime — digestive derangement. Urine containing blood — hemorrhage of kidneys or urinary tract. Albuminous urine — Bright' s disease, dropsy after scar- latina, etc. Mucous urine — irritated or inflamed state of genito- urinary mucous membrane. Sugar in urine — dyspepsia; when excessive, diabetes mellitus. 6. Perspiration. Profuse — acute rheumatism, decline of acute inflamma- tions and fevers (the latter often critical). Diminished — early stage of acute disease, dropsy, dia- betes. Night sweats — phthisis (profuse, debilitating). Excessive acid odor — (rheumatism, gout). 196 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. Odor fetid — some adynamic fevers. Odor mouldy — measles, scarlet fever. Odor ammoniacal — sometimes in typhoid fever. Odor peculiar in insanity. Odor of chlorine or rottenstone — miliary. 7. Animal Heat. General heat of surface — in fevers. External local heat — in inflammation. Forehead hot — cephalalgia. Scalp hot — cerebral disease. Integument of chest hot — thoracic inflammation. Hands and feet hot — phthisis. Peculiar acrid heat (burning, the applied hand) — in typhus fever. Chill — initial of fever, and of the phlegmasia?, partic- ularly pneumonia. Temperature generally low — from languid circulation. Coldness of hands and feet — in nervous and anaemic persons. IX, OUTLINES OF GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. A. PRIMARY ELEMENTS OF DISEASE. I. Properties of Contractile (Muscular) Fibre. a. Irritability. 1. Excessive. Seen in excessive strength, as in delirium ; or in quickness, as in convulsions or clonic spasm ; or in unusual duration, in tonic spasm (cramp, catalepsy, and tetanus). Remedies. — If from flow of blood, an- tiphlogistic ; firm pressure on muscles in cramp (mas- seter muscle in trismus). If from nervous irritation, narcotics and antispasmodics, especially stramoni- um, belladonna, sulphuric ether, and Indian hemp. 2. Defective. In force (weakness and paralysis) or in readiness to contract (as from opium, digitalis, etc., and some cerebral diseases). Remedies. — Repose, if from exhaustion ; stimulants, as ammonia, brandy, etc. (often large quantities), electricity, cold water dash ; strychnia and cantharides in paralysis (endermic ap- plication best). b. Tonicity. (Cold increases tonicity and impairs irritability.) 1. Excessive. Remedies. — Antimony, etc., to relax the fibre. 197 198 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 2. Defective. Remedies. — Tonics, especially cold, Peru- vian bark, iron, the mineral acids, and generous living. II. Properties of Nerves. a. Sensibility (General). 1. Excess. Narcotics, mostly required, as opium, hen- bane, hemlock, etc. If vascular excitement, anti- phlogistic treatment ; with weakness, slow pulse, and absence of fever, tonics and stimulants as well as nar- cotics required. (Inhalation of ether the most pow- erful anodyne.) 2. Defective (as in coma, etc.). Sometimes depletion; if no disease, mental excitement, bodily exertion ; the cold dash, and friction ; from narcotics and retained excrement; use purgatives, diuretics, emetics, etc. If anemia, stimulants. 3. Perverted Sensibility (illusory or depraved sensations). Chalybeates, etc. ; narcotics, etc., as palliatives. b. Local Sensibility. 1. Excessive (from disease, etc., as the pain of pleurisy, etc.). If from inflammation, antiphlogistics ; if re- maining after inflammation, anodynes (endermic application of morphia often useful: remove the cuticle by a blister, and apply one or two grains of a soluble salt of morphia ; as the acetate or hydrochlo- rate ; repeat once or twice daily, and keep the surface moist) ; counter-irritation and warmth (as gastrodynia relieved by a sinapism at the pit of the stomach). In a weak circulation, especially if the pain be inter- mittent, tonics are useful (as neuralgia treated with quinine, and iron ; hemi crania with quinine, or liquor arsenicalis). PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 199 c. Voluntary Motion. 1. Excessive. Depletion, antimonials, cold to the head, if determination of blood. If more nervous, nar- cotics. 2. Defective. Excite the nervous centres through the circulation, as by stimulants, etc. (Hysterical coma often removed by turpentine injection, or croton oil purge, which acts both as a revulsive to the vessels and a stimulant to the nerves.) 3. Perverted Volition. Treatment various ; in delirium tremens by narcotics, as opium ; in chorea, by nervous tonics, especially iron and zinc. d. Keflex Action.' Connected with organic life. The contractions of all the sphincters, and the regular action of the muscles of respiration depend on it. (A nervous influence, inde- pendent of the will conveyed by afferent nerves from the surface to the spinal marrow, and reflected from it through the afferent nerves to the muscles of the parts.) 1. Excess. Seen in spasm of throat in hydrophobia, tetanus, hysteria, etc. ; in convulsive motions of lower limbs when tickled, etc., in paraplegia, etc. Also in epileptic and apoplectic convulsions, which are centric when resulting from diseases in the head or loss of blood ; or eccentric when from irritation of the ex- tremities of afferent nerves ; as from teething, intes- tinal, uterine, and renal irritation, passing a bougie, sometimes, etc. ; also in partial spasms and sympathetic irritation of distant parts. If these inordinate reflex actions are general or ex- tensive, as convulsions, tetanus, and paraplegia, we refer them to undue excitement, or erethism of the spinal marrow; the more partial examples (sympa- 200 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. thetic irritation, etc.) may arise from a small portion of it only, or of the afferent or efferent nerve of the part. Increased flow of blood to the medulla, or its nerves, or the branches of the sympathetic nerve ; the direct action of poisons, as strychnia ; mechanical irritation on the spinal marrow, or its nerves (as in tetanus, tumors, and spicula of bone in spinal canal, etc.), may cause this excitement. The involuntary excito-motory property is also accumulated by rest and sleep. Hence narcotism, injury of the spine, sed- entary habits, too much sleep, etc., by suspending volition, may cause a morbid excess of involuntary nervous power, and develop convulsive and spasmodic symptoms, which are the result of its overflow. Remedies. — Often antiphlogistic, because often de- pendent on determination of blood. If more purely nervous, as tetanus, etc., a narcotic used (hydrocyanic acid, woorara, resin of Indian hemp, conium, etc., reduce the power of the spinal system, and cause general relaxation of muscles, but they may destroy life by arresting respiration ; useful, however, in small doses in slighter irritations, as vomiting, nervous pal- pitation, and hiccough). Extract of belladonna and stramonium, useful in convulsive cough and spasmodic asthma, and combined with opium in the spasms of colic, dysentery, and dysuria. In weak subjects, without inflammation, medicines which act as stimulants to the heart, and vessels, and cerebral functions, and also as sedatives to the medul- lary system (the stimulant antispasmodics, as ether, ammonia, musk, essential oils, external heat and counter-irritation, etc.). Tonics also reduce the ex- citability of the spinal excito-motory system, especially metallic tonics, as iron, nitrate of silver, sulphate and oxide of zinc, and sulphate of copper, cold baths, change of air, and exercise useful. PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 201 2. Defective reflex actions; seen in paralysis of sphincters, eyelids, and muscles of respiration ; and extreme de- bility from fatigue, excitement, or directly depressing influences. Remedies. — Stimulants, narcotics, tonics (indis- criminate use of narcotics, hazardous in extreme weakness) ; should be preceded or combined with stimulants ; those least depressing to be preferred, as opium ; give suitable nourishment also in liquid form. e. Reflected (or Sympathetic) Sensation. Keflex action referred to motion, but the impressions which cause sensation may be reflected in a similar manner : thus, ascarides in the rectum cause itching of the anus, congestion of the liver, often a pain in the right shoulder-blade, and the pains of angina and gastrodynia often extend to the whole chest; the former especially radiates to the left arm. Remedies. — 1. Those that remove the irritating cause. 2. Anodynes, by deadening sensibility (the efficacy of trisnitrate of bismuth and hydrocyanic acid in gastrodynia, and some kinds of angina, not referable to a narcotic property). Tonics are often useful, as morbid sympathies, like other nervous dis- orders, are exalted by weakness or irregularity of the circulation, III. Properties of Secretion. 1. Excessive Secretion weakens, from the drain it causes from the blood. Its effects may be forward on the parts to which the secretion goes, or backward on the organ which secretes it and the blood from which it is formed. (Forward effects of excessive secretion of bile seen £02 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. in bilious diarrhoea or cholera ; of profuse mucous secretion in the intestines in simple diarrhoea; in the bronchi in dyspnoea and cough ; in the stomach, seen in pyrosis or water-brash, etc. Backward effects seen in torpid bowels after diarrhoea.) Remedies. — If dependent on the quantity and quality of the blood, depletion, derivation, and evac- uants. (The excessive secretion then a means of re- lief, and arrested by increasing it, as a purge of calo- mel will stop a bilious diarrhoea, from an engorged liver.) If from nervous or other irritation, causing weakness and disturbance of the functions, it may be checked by tonics and astringents (as cold to the part, alum, superacetate of lead, sulphates of zinc and cop- per, gallic acid and tannin, vegetables which contain tannin, etc., mineral acids, etc. These act by direct application, as in diarrhoea or leucorrhoea, or through the circulation. Some agents, without a general as- tringent effect, diminish the secretion of particular organs, as opium, which remarkably lessens the secretion of the liver, and sometimes that of the kid- neys). If excessive secretion have caused febrile disturb- ance, means to increase other secretions may restore a proper balance. Thus, in bilious cholera, saline diuretics and diaphoretics are serviceable ; in renal irritation, with copious secretion of lithic acid, blue pill to augment the bile is often beneficial (combina- tions of medicines more useful in any disturbance of secretion, especially if long continued, as mercurials with diuretics, antimonials with salines, etc.). 2. Defective. May cause general plethora, or local con- gestions, leading to dropsical effusions, fluxes, hemor- rhages, or inflammations. Forward effects instanced in disorder in the latter stages of digestion, from de- ficiency of bile. Backward effects often seen in con- PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 203 gestion of the organ ; and very remarkably in the case of the excretions, as urine and bile, which poison the blood when retained, causing typhoid symptoms, extreme depression, coma, and death. If the sup- pression be incomplete in the latter instances, the poisoning process is more tardy, producing various functional and visceral derangements, as delirium, or lethargy, dyspnoea, palpitation, vomiting, diarrhoea, etc. (The excrementitious matters may then be de- tected in the blood, and other parts of the body ; as the color of bile in the textures in jaundice; urea in the blood, etc., in glandular degeneration of the kid- neys, etc. Gout, rheumatism, degeneration, dropsies, etc., are often caused by various degrees of defective excretion.) Remedies. — If from defective supply of blood, stimulants, etc. ; if from inflammation or congestion, depletion or derivation. Often the first disorder is in the secreting structure itself, and the remedy must be those agents which increase the respective secretions; as mercury for the liver ; colchicum, nitre, etc., for the kidneys ; croton oil, jalap, sulphate of magnesia, etc., for the intestines, etc. (These specific stimuli in excess, or too long continued, may cause not only general weakness, but also an exhaustion of the vital properties which they excite ; as long or excessive use of mercury causes torpidity of the liver ; of purga- tives, imperfect action of the bowels ; of diuretics, scanty, albuminous, or watery urine; — hence they should be intermitted and alternated with tonics, as bitters with mercurials; chalybeates with saline aperients and diuretics.) In chronic cases, medicine* which are inferior in efficacy to be preferred, because less exhausting — (examples: taraxacum, iodine, sar- saparilla, nitric and nitro-muriatic acids). Where defective secretions are not readily restored, they may 204 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. sometimes be compensated for by artificial substitutes. Thus ox-gall, aloes, and soap, or toasted bacon at breakfast, promotes the action of the intestines, in de- fective secretion of bile; and defective secretion of mucus may be remedied by mucilage, etc. 3. Perverted Secretion often accompanies excess and defect. In febrile diseases, the secretions of the kid- neys and the alimentary canal are altered as well as diminished ; inflammation and determination of blood change as well as increase the secretion from mucous membranes, rendering it more saline and sometimes albuminous, etc. Altered secretion may be unfit for use ; as a thin, acrid mucus irritates instead of pro- tecting the membrane, as in coryza and mucous diar- rhoea ; viscid, dry mucus obstructs the tubes ; altered gastric juice causes indigestion ; sebaceous matter ac- cumulating in the follicles of the skin causes irritation, inflammation, etc. Remedies. — Usually those which increase secretion. In some cases tonics may be advantageously combined with them. Such a combination is presented in most of those remedies called alteratives. IV. Constituents of the Blood. The principal constituents of the blood, necessary to be mentioned here, are the red particles, fibrin, and al- bumen, either in excess, defect, or alteration. The other constituents of the blood are oil, salts, and water. In malignant cholera, the defect of saline matter and water, owing to the excessive evacuations, seems to be the cause of the obstructed circulation, lividity, and collapse, and hence the temporary effi- cacy of injection of saline solutions into the veins of such patients. PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 205 a. Bed Particles. The red particles of the blood are distinct structures — living cells, floating in the liquor sanguinis; they have a tendency to cohere in piles or roleaux in fresh-drawn blood, and this tendency is strongest in blood taken from a person affected with inflamma- tion. 1. Excess. Seen in sanguineous plethora. A slight in- crease has been detected in the early stage of inflam- mations and fevers, especially eruptive fevers, as measles and scarlatina. Remedies. — Bloodletting the speediest agent. Low or vegetable diet and the antiphlogistic regimen gen- erally : saline medicines, much diluted and taken co- . piously, have a remarkable effect. 2. Defect. Seen in the lymphatic temperament, also after a great loss of blood, in chlorosis and other anaemic states, in scrofulous and tubercular diseases, in the latter periods of fevers, and after severe in- flammations, in granular degeneration of the kidney, etc. Known by paleness of parts naturally red, pallid or sallow complexion, a weak state of the functions generally. Remedies. — Air; light nourishing food, especially brown meats ; tonics, particularly iron (Quevenne's metallic iron, Ferrum per hydrogen). 3. Alteration. Of the red particles is evinced by change of color in the blood, and change of form in the in- dividual corpuscles, as seen by the microscope. Seen in scurvy ; in the Walcheren and other malig- nant fevers, in cachsemia, from malarious influence, generally in connection with a diseased spleen ; in congestive typhoid fevers, etc. Remedies. — Saline medicines have been recom- mended in typhoid and malignant fevers ; but reme- 206 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. dies to increase the excretions in connection with those mentioned under the last head, are less questionable ; in malarious and anaemic cachsemia; the use of pur- gatives and diuretics, combined with chalybeate tonics, has produced the best effects. b. Fibrin. But little difference between fibrin and albumen, in chemical composition, yet fibrin is distinguished by its being organizable or susceptible of life. It causes the coagulation of the blood ; it constitutes the buffy coat and coagulable lymph ; and is probably the ma- terial by which chiefly the textures are nourished and repaired. 1 . Excess. In all true inflammatory diseases, especially those of a sthenic character, and in acute rheumatism. There is a relative excess also in diseases connected with a deficiency of red particles. Remedies. — Bloodletting and low diet; yet fibrin is less reduced by them than excess of red particles. Remedies which increase the more solid secretions probably diminish the fibrin. 2. Defect. Seen in fluidity, or but slight coagulation of blood when drawn, or in asthenic tendency to hemor- rhage, and unmanageable oozing of blood from an ac- cidental wound, etc., in cases of poisoning with hy- drocyanic acid, etc., in adynamic fevers, etc., in cases of asphyxia, cyanosis, etc. Remedies. — Assist the functions on which the sup- ply of fibrin depends. If the digestive organs will bear them, meat, eggs, bread and other articles abounding in protein ; assist digestion and assimila- tion by stimulants, bitters, quinine, and the mineral acids ; help respiration by the access of pure, cool air ; avoid fatigue ; secure sleep, if necessary, by PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 207 narcotics; toxieological means, of course, if called for. 3. Alterations. Seen in the varieties presented by the bufly coat, and contractions of the clot of blood. Also in the varieties of the reparative process. False mem- brane, deposits, etc., in a healthy subject, may be eu- plastic, or in a high degree organized and healthy. But in many instances the nutritive material is caco-plastic, or susceptible of only a low degree of organization, as in induration, from chronic inflammation, in fibro- cartilage, cirrhosis, gray tubercle, etc. It may also be aplastic, or not organizable at all, as in pus, curdy matter, yellow tubercle, etc. Remedies. — The increased properties of separation and contraction manifested by blood in inflammation, are reduced by bloodletting, etc. Yet if antiphlogistic remedies do not remove local inflammation, they may render its product more injurious by lowering its plas- ticity. Hence the necessity of endeavoring to remove inflammations before they become chronic, and when there is risk of such event, improving the condition of the blood by a tonic and nutritive plan, conjoined with local antiphlogistic measures. A similar tonic treatment is indicated in scrofulous, chlorotic, and other cachectic states, where the fibrin is relatively copious with a tendency to aplastic deposits. In ad- dition, remedies likely to keep the fibrine dissolved, as ^ alkalies, and iodide of potassium, are advisable, al- though the efficacy of these means has not been fully proved. c. Albumen. 1. Excess. Exists in most cases of inflammations, and fevers, especially during their more active stages. Its increase is not, however, in proportion to that of fibrin. Its excess in cholera is due to the removal of 208 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. the water of the blood. Very poor living, extensive hemorrhage, and other drains will reduce it. 2. Defect. Met with in cases of albuminuria, and in diabetes : it seems to be a chief constituent of the dropsical diathesis. Remedies. — Those which restrain wasting discharges and improve general nutrition. Cod-liver oil recom- mended for the last purpose. V. Changes in the Blood by Respiration. The change of venous into arterial blood is never in excess, for the activity of the respiration is adapted to the rapidity of the circulation, and the correspond- ing need of change. Defect of the change is the essence of asphyxia or apnoea. Remedies. — Best, fresh air and sedative medicines (as digitalis, hyoscyamus, etc.), or antispasmodics. Sometimes an enfeebled circulation may require stimulants, or an engorged venous system calls for depletion. In suspended animation from drowning, etc., artificial respiration, frictions, the warm bath, stimulants, etc. VI. Changes in the Blood by Excretion. See Sect. III. Property of Secretion. Other changes may be produced in the blood from the transformation of the chyle and of the textures, in- cluding the processes of nutrition and reparation (probably the cause of gout, diabetes, and obesity). The presence of foreign matters in the blood, also, may excite various contagious, epidemic or endemic diseases ; but too little is yet ascertained to supply any certain knowledge. PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 209 b. Proximate or Secondary Elements of Disease. I. Anaemia. The exciting causes of anaemia are circumstances which injure or withdraw the blood ; profuse dis- charges of other fluids ; scanty or poor food ; impure air; chronic diseases, and uterine irregularity, as chlorosis. The general symptoms are weakness, both muscular and organic ; defective nutrition ; and imperfect sangui- fication ; the nervous system is also frequently excited. Remedies. — (See A, Section IV.) Those which in- crease the constituents of the blood. II Hypercemia or Excess of Blood. This may be general (plethora), with increased motion (sthenic), or with diminished motion (asthenic) ; or it may be local, with diminished motion (congestion), or with increased motion (determination of blood). The results of these may be hemorrhage, flux, dropsy, etc. Another variety of hyperemia may be distin- guished by an altered or perverted action of the vessels. This is chiefly local, and includes inflam- mation, Remedies. — For plethora, bloodletting and other evacuants. In the sthenic kind, sedative and relaxing remedies are also indicated, but in the asthenic, tonics, and even stimulants ; or alterative aperients, as mild mercurials, witli rhubarb, aloes, or senna, salines, and taraxacum, iodide of potassium, etc. ; may prepare the way for various tonics. For congestion, the most important means are those which Contribute to a removal of its cause, as the loosening of a ligature, reduction of a compressing tumor, moderating the action of a diseased heart, or 14 210 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. restoring the secretion of the liver, etc. In conges- tion from atony of the vessels, a change of posture sometimes gives relief, as in congestive fevers, when the head is affected, it should be elevated ; congested uterine, or hemorrhoidal, vessels, and varicose limbs, are assisted by the recumbent posture. Pressure, as by bandages, etc., is also useful at times. Astringents are sometimes useful by increasing the contractility of the vessels. Stimulants also are often very effec- tive, as diluted spirit lotion to a congested conjunctiva, capsicum gargle to a congested throat, or a stimulant wash to a purple sore, etc. For determination of blood, the removal of stimuli or irritants from the part, or the reduction of their action by soothing or diluent remedies, is the first indication. The atonic distension of the arteries supplying the part may be relieved by cold, astringents, and deri- vants ; as cold lotions to the head, and the hot foot- bath in determination to the head. Evacuants, also, and frequently bloodletting, are indicated as deri- vants. Inflammations. — In incipient inflammation, for the congestion, astringents, stimulants, or evacuants may be useful. For the irritation of the nerves and vessels, sedatives, derivatives, and evacuants. In local inflammation, the remedies for congestion and determination are applicable For impeded circula- tion in a part, moist heat, and other stimulants ; but, for increased circulation, the remedies for determina- tion. In inflammation with fever, general bloodletting and other evacuants are called for; relaxants, as anti- mony, etc. ; low diet, etc. (A remarkable fact has been discovered by Dr. Marshall Hall, viz., that in inflammatory diseases a much larger quantity of blood may be drawn without producing syncope, than can be taken in health, or in other dis- PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 211 eases.) He says : " In eases in which it is doubtful whether the pain or other local affection be the effect of inflammation or of irritation, the question is im- mediately determined by placing the patient upright, and looking upward, and bleeding to incipient syn- cope. In inflammation much blood flows ; in irrita- tion very little.' 7 This he considers a rule for blood- letting, a guard against undue and inefficient bloodlet- ting, and a "source of diagnosis, in the fullest sense of the word." The following table shows the results of his investiga- tions, as to the tolerance of bloodletting in different diseases, before incipient syncope. I. Augmented Tolerance. 1. Congestion of the brain, t ^xl-l. 2. Inflammation of serous, synovial, and fibrous mem- branes, §xxx-xl. 3. Inflammation of the parenchyma of organs (brain, lung, liver, mamma, etc.), gxxx. 4. Inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes (erysipelas, bronchitis, dysentery), §xvj. II. Healthy Tolerance. This depends on the age, sex, strength, etc., and on the thickness of the parietes of the heart ; and is about gxv. III. Diminished Tolerance. 1. Fevers and eruptive fevers, ,5 x j - xiv. 2. Delirium tremens and puerperal delirium, |jx-xij. 3. Laceration or concussion of the brain. Accidents, before the establishment of inflammation. Intestinal irritation, t 5viij-x. 212 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 4. Dyspepsia, chlorosis, ^viij. 5. Cholera, ,^vj. The exhaustion from long-continued inflammation often renders stiumulants and tonics necessary ; as also the depression arising from the influence of purulent or gangrenous matter. The effused products of inflam- mation require evacuants, attenuants, alteratives, stim- ulants, friction, etc. Varieties of Inflammation. — The sthenic form requires of course all the antiphlogistic measures, but in the asthenic form, local bloodletting is better than general, which is illy borne. Antimony or mercury, and blis- ters, form the chief treatment. The diet, though light, should not be too spare. Erysipelatous inflammation is generally asthenic, and often requires stimulant and tonic agents. The local treatment consists of punctures and incisions ; cauter- ization by nitrate of silver ; and mercurial ointment, which is supposed to modify the character of the poison. A solution of sulphate of iron in water, one ounce to a pint of water, applied to the part by moistened rags, acts like a charm. The aphthous inflammation of children is to be treated by aperients, with a local application of borax, or a weak solution of sulphate of zinc. Scrofulous inflammation owes its peculiarity to a de- graded condition of the plasma, or nutritive material of the blood ; and hence it is most benefited by tonics, nourishing diet, etc. Cod-liver oil, iodide of potas- sium, etc., are medicines in repute. Hheumatic and gouty inflammation require means to eliminate the morbid matter from the system, as mer- cury and colchicum. Active antiphlogistic measures are often necessary, however, before these medicines will act. Gonorrhoea! inflammation requires mild antiphlogistic PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 213 and demulcent measures at first, and astringent injec- tions and terebinthinate remedies afterward. Mer- cury is the chief specific in syphilis. c. Structural Disease. Including increased nutrition (hypertrophy), diminished nutrition (atrophy), and perverted nutrition, would open a field too extensive for a table like the present. It pertains, too, rather to the department of morbid anatomy than to pathology proper. (See' A, Section IV.) Modes of Death. I. Beginning at the heart. 1. Suddenly (syncope). This is instantaneous ; the subject suddenly turning pale, falling back, or dropping down, and expiring with one gasp. 2. Gradually ( asthenia). The symptoms are, — increasing weakness of body and mind, with perhaps no marked derangement in any particular function ; increased frequency, and diminishing strength of the pulse; the face, lips, etc., becoming paler and paler, or of a peculiar sallowness ; extremities become cold and cedematous ; tongue often dry and brown, or furred, and the mouth aphthous; excretions imperfectly voided at first, then the sphincters lose their power, and the discharges are involuntary ; general sinking. II. Beginning at the breathing apparatus (asphyxia' or apncea). Symptoms : increased feeling of suffocation ; face, neck, etc., congested, and changing from red to purple, and from purple to livid ; stupor ; reduction of temperature ; weak and irregular pulse ; rapid re- duction of muscular strength. III. Beginning at the brain (coma). Its symptoms are those of interrupted function of the brain, insensi- 214 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. bility, and suspension of voluntary motion, the heart's action not being materially impaired. The excito- motory system of the medulla is often affected, as well as the sensorial and voluntary functions ; hence res- piration is interrupted, convulsions sometimes ensue, and the sphincters are relaxed. IV. Beginning at the medulla (paralysis). This mode, like that of the last, is really by apncea, but the excito- motory function is the first to fail. Of course there can be no respiration when this ceases. V. Beginning with the blood (necrsemia). The symp- toms are typhoid, putrid, or malignant ; a congested surface, the color being dusky or livid ; exanthem- atous patches on the skin, or petechia? ; echymoses, or oozing of thin, bloody fluid from the gums, nostrils, etc. ; extreme prostration ; obtuse senses and mental faculties; sometimes with delirium and twitching of the limbs ; half-closed eyes and dilated pupils ; fre- quent and unequal respiration ; no appetite ; intense thirst ; a dry, brown tongue with dark sordes on the lips and teeth ; progressive fall of temperature ; cold, clammy, and fetid perspiration ; hiccough ; subsultus tendinum; scanty, offensive urine; involuntary dis- charges. INDEX. ABBREVIATIONS, 10 Abdominal symptoms, 183 Abscess, 16 Absinthe, 30 Absinthium, 30 Acacia, 30, 148 Accumulative effects, 9 Acer Pennsylvanicuni, 31 Acetate of copper, 71 lead, 110 morphia, 103 potassa, 112 soda, 125 Acetic acid, 33 ether, 31 Acetuin, 31 aromaticum, 31 cantharidis, 31 colchici, 31, 161 destillatum, 32 lobelise, 32 opii, 32, 161, 162 sanguinariae, 32 scil'lse, 32, 161 Achillea millefolium, 33 Acids, 12, 139 Acidum aceticum, 33, 1-47 aceticum aromaticum, 33 aceticum camphoratum, 33 aceticum dilutum, 33 arseniosum, 33, 146 benzoicum, 34 carbazoticum, 34 carbolic um, 34 carbonicum, 139 Acidum chromicum, 34 citricum, 34 gallicum, 35 nydriodieum dilutum, 35 hydrochloricum, 35. 139 hydrochloricum dilutum, 35 hydrocyanicum dilutum, 35 lacticum, 36 muriaticum, 35, 139 nitricum, 36, 139 nitricum dilutum, 37, 139 nitro-muriaticum, 37, 139 phosphoricum, 139 phosphoricum dilutuiu, 139 sulphuricum, 37, 139 sulpburicum aromaticum, 37, 139 sulphuricum dilutum, 38,139 sulphurosum, 38 tannicum, 38 tartaricum, 39 valerianicum, 39 Aconite, 39 Aconiti, 39 Aconitia, 39 Aconitum napellus, 39 Actsea, 39 Adansonia digit ata, 39 Adeps, 39 Adiantum pedatum, 40 JEgle marmelos, 54 iEsculus hippocast., 40 iEther sulphuricus, 40 others, 148 Agaric, 40 215 216 INDEX. Agathotes chirayta, 64 Agave Americana, 40 Age, in prescriptions, 5 Agrimonia eupatoria, 40 Agrimony, 40 Ailanthus glandulosa, 40 Ajuga chamsepitys, 40 Akazga, 41 Albumen, 207 Alchemilla vulgaris, 41 Alcohol, 14, 41, 148 amylicum, 41 dilutum, 41 methylic, 41 Alcoholism, 20 Alcornoque, 42 Aletris, 42 Aleurites triloba, 42 Alisma plantago, 42 Alkalies, 12, 140 Alkaloids, vegetable, 154 Alkanet, 42 Alliaria officinalis, 42 Allium, 42 ; 132 Almonds, 46 Alnus rubra, 42 Aloe, 43 Alteration of fibrin, 207 red particles, 205 Althsese, 43 Alum, 43, 142 curd, 43 root, 86 Alumen, 43, 142 exsiccatum, 43, 142 Alumina, 142 Aluminse sulphas, 44 Amaranthus hypochondriacus, 44 Amber, 130 Ambergris, 44 Ambrosia trifida, 44 American aloe, 40 centaury, 120 columbo, 80 dittany, 71 hellebore, 136 holly, 91 American ipecacuanha, 83 poplar, 112 Ammoniacum, 44, 141 Ammonia? arsenias, 44 benzoas, 44 bicarbonas, 44 boras, 44 carbon as, 45, 141 hydrochloras, 45, 141 murias, 45, 141 phosphas, 45 valerian as, 45 Ammoniated copper, 72 iron, 85 Ammonii bromidum, 46 iodidum, 46 Ammonio-ferric alum, 77 Ampelopsis quinquefolia, 46 Amygdalae, 46 Amylum, 46, 147 Anacardium occidentale, 46 Anaemia, 17, 209 Anagallis arvensis, 46 Anchusa officinalis, 46 tinctoria, 42 Andira inermis, 56 Andromeda arborea, 46 Anemone pratensis, 46 Anethum, 46 Angelica, 47, 49 Angustura, 47 Animal charcoal, 59 heat, 196 Aniseed, 47 Anisum, 47 Annotta, 47 Antennaria margaritacea, 47 Anthemis, 47 Antimonii et potassae tar., 47, 146 praecipitatum, 146 sulphuretum, 146 Antimonium sulphuratum, 48 Antimony, 13, 146 Antirrhinum linaria, 48 Aphasia, 21 Apocynum androssemifolium, 48 cannabinum, 48 Aqua acidi carbonici, 155 INDEX. 217 Aqua ainmoniae, 49 amygdalre amarae, 155 camphora, 155 cinnaniomi, 155 fceniculi, 155 nienthre pip., 155 nienthse virid., 155 Aquae, 49 rosse, 155 Aquilegia vulgaris, 49 Aralia nudicaulis, 49 spinosa, 49 Arctium lappa, 49 Areca nut, 49 Argemone Mexicana, 49 Argenti eyaniduin, 50 iodidum, 50 riitras, 50, 145 nit r as fusus, 50, 145 Argeuti oxidum, 51, 145 Armoracia, 51 Arnica, 51 Aromatic confection, 168 sulphuric acid, 37 vinegar, 33 Arrow poison. 72 Arrowroot. 100, 147 Arseniate of ammonia. 44 Arsenic, 13, 146 Arsenici iodidum, 146 Arsenious acid, 33, 146 Arum, 51 Asarabacca, 51 Asarum canadense, 52 Asclejuas, 52 curassavica, 52 sis;antea, 57 Ash, 80 Asparagus, 52 ' Aspect of patient, 179 Assacon, 87 Assafcetida, 52 Aster puniceus, 53 Astringents, 153 Atomizers, 53 Atropia, 53 Atropine sulphas, 53 Attitude of patient, 179 Aurantii cortex, 53 Aurum, 83 Auscultation of chest, 189 of heart, 191 Australian gum, 76 Avense farina, 53 Azedarach, 53 BAEL FRUIT, 54 Balm, 101 Balmony, 63 Balsam apple, 102 Balsams, 151 Balsamum Peruvianum, 53 tolutanum, 54 Baneberrv, 39 Baobab, 39 Baptisia tinctoria, 54 Barberry, 55 Barley, 87 Barosma, 56 Baryta, 12, 142 Bastard ipecacuanha, 52 Bav-berry, 104 Bav rum* 169 Beaked hazel, 69 Bear's foot, 85 Bear's whortleberry, 134 Bebeeru, 54, 105 Beech drops, 107 Belse fructus, 54 Belladonna, 54 Benne, 125 Benzin, 55 Benzoate of ammonia, 44 Benzoic acid, 34 Benzoin, 55 Benzoinum, 55 odoriferum, 54 Benzole, 55 Berberis vulgaris, 55 Betel nut, 49^ Bethroot. 133 Betula. 55 Biborate of ammonia, 44 Bibron's antidote, 15 Bicarbonate of ammonia, 44 potassa, 112 218 INDEX. Bicarbonate of soda, 126 Bichloride of platinum, 110 Bichromate of potassa, 112 Birch, 55 Bird manure, 84 Bisenna, 102 Bismuth, 13, 28, 146 Bismuthi subcarbonas, 55 subnitras, 55, 146 valerianas, 55 Bistort, 55 Bisulphate of potassa, 55 quinise. 117 Bisulphuret of carbon, 55 Bitartrate of potash, 112 Bitter almond water, 155 ash, 56 candy-tuft, 91 cucumber, 67 polygala, 111 Bittera febrifuga, 56 Bittersweet, 74 Black alder, 116 berry, 119 birch, 55 haw, 136 hellebore, 85 oxide of mercury, 89 pepper, 109 snakeroot, 64 Bladder diseases, 16 Bladder-wrack, 80 Blessed thistle, 62 Blistering fly, 59 plaster, 175 Blood diseases, 17 root, 121 Blue cohosh, 62, 96 flag, 94 gentian, 82 Bole armenian, 56 Boletus, 40 Bone diseases, 18 Boneset, 76 Borage, 56 Borago officinalis, 56 Borate of soda, 126 Borax, 126 Boundou, 41 Box, 56 Brain diseases, 19 Brandy, 128 British oil, 105 Bromide of ammonium, 46 potassium, 115 Bromine, 56, 143 Brominium, 56 Broom tops, 123 Brown mixture, 164 Bryony, 56 Buchu, 56 Buck bean, 102 thorn, 118 Buglass, 46 Bugle weed, 98 Burdock, 49, 96 Burgundy pitch, 110 Burning bush, 76 Burnt sponge, 128 Butterfly weed, 52 Butternut, 95 Button bush, 62 snakeroot, 75, 97 Buxus sempervirens, 56 n ABB AGE-TREE BARK, 56 \J Cactus grandifiora, 56 Cadmii iodidum, 56 sulphas, 57 Caffea, 57 Cahinca, 57 Calabar bean, 109 Calamina, 57 prseparata, 57, 125 Calamine, 57 Calamus aromaticus, 57 Calcis carbonas prsecipitata, 57 phosphas praecipitata, 57, 142 Calendula officinalis, 57 Callitriche verna, 57 Calomel, 88 Calomelas, 88 Calotropis gigantea, 57 Calumba, 57 Calx chlorinata, 58, 142 Camphor, 58 INDEX. 219 Camphora, 58 Cancer root, 107 Canella, 58 Canna, 147 Cantharis, 59 vittata, 59 Capsicum, 59 Caraway, 60 Carbo animalis, 59, 147 ligni, 59, 147 Carbolic acid, 18, 21, 24, 34 Carbonate of lead, 111 lime, 57 litbia, 97 magnesia, 98 potassa, 113 soda, 126 zinc, 57 Carbonic acid water, 155 oxide, 14 Cardamine pratensis, 60 Cardamom seed, 60 Cardamomum, 60 Carota, 60 Carrageen, 64 Carrot. 60 Cartbamus, 60 Carum, 60 Carya, 60 Caryophyllus, 60 Cascarilla, 61 Cassia, 61, 65 fistula, 61 Castanea, 61 Castor, 61 oil, 150 Castoreum, 61 Catalpa cordifolia, 61 Cat aria, 61 Catawba tree, 61 Catechu, 61 Catnip, 61 Caulophyllum thalictroides, 62 Ceanothus Americanus, 62 Cedron, 62 Celandine, 63, 123 Celastrus scandens, 62 Centaurea benedicta, 62 Centaury, 62 Cephalanthus occidentalis, 62 Cera fiava et cera alba, 62 Cerata, 63 Cerate of carbonate of zinc, 176 subacetate of lead, 177 Cerates and ointments, 175 Ceratum adipis, 175 calamine, 176 cantharidis, 175 cetacei, 175 plumbi subacetatis, 177 resince compositum, 175 sabinse, 175 saponis, 177 zinci carbonatis, 176 Cerii oxalas, 63- Cetaceum, 63 Cetraria, 63 Chalk mixture, 163 Chamomile, 47 Changes in blood by excretion, 208 respiration, 208 Character of the pulse, 192 Charcoal, 59, 147 Chelidonium majus, 63 Chelone glabra, 63 Chenopodium, 63 Chestnut leaves, 61 Chest symptoms, 182 Chicory, 64 Chimaphila, 64 Chinquapin, 61 Chiococca racemosa, 57 Chiretta, 64 Chloral, 64 hydrate, 64 Chlorate of potassa, 113 Chloride of lime, 58 mercury, 88 sodium, 127 zinc, 137 Chlorinated lime, 58 Chlorine, 14 Chloroform, 64, 148 Chlorosis, 17 Chondrus, 64 220 INDEX. Chromic acid, 34 Cichorium intybus, 64 Cicuta virosa, 64 Cimicifuga, 64 Cimicifugin, 165 Cinchona, 65 Cinchonise sulphas, 65 Cinnabar, 89 Cinnamomum, 65 Cinnamon, 65 water, 155 Circulatory functions, 191 Citrate of iron, 77 iron and ammonia, 77 iron and magnesia, 66 iron and quinia, 77 lithia, 98 potassa, 113 soda, 66 Citric acid, 64 Cleavers, 81 Clematis erecta, 66 Climate, 8 Climbing staff-tree, 62 Clove-pink, 72 Cloves, 60 Cobweb, 66 Coca, 75 Cocculus indicus, 66 Coccus, 66 Coccyodynia, 19 Cochineal, 66 Cochlearia officinalis, 66 Coco butter, 66, 150 Cocos butyracea, 66 Cod-liver oil, 16, 150 Coffee, 57, 66 Cohosh, 39, 64 Colchici radix et semen, 66 Colchicum, 66 Collinsonia, 67 Collodium, 67, 147 Colocynthis, 67 Coloring principles, 153 Coltsfoot, 134 Columbine, 49 Columbo, 57 Comfrey, 131 Common mallow, 99 Compound resin cerate, 175 spirit of ether, 169 Comptonia asplenifolia, 67 Concentrated or resinoid ex- tracts, 165 Condition of stomach, 8 Confectio aromatica, 168 of roses, 168 opii, 168 sennas, 168 Confection, 67, 168 Conium, 67 Constituents of the blood, 204 Contrayerva, 68 Convallaria majalis, 68 multiflora, 68 Convolvulus panduratus, 68 Copaiba, 68 Copper, 14, 144 Coptis, 69 Corallorhiza odontorhiza, 69 Coral-root, 69 Coriander, 69 Coriandrum, 69 Cornus Florida, 65, 69 Corrosive sublimate, 87 Corydalis formosa, 69 Corylus rostrata, 69 Cotton, 84, 147 Cotula, 69 Cotyledon umbilicus, 69 Cough, 188 Cowhage, 104 Crane's bill, 82 Cream of tartar, 112, 141 Creasote, 14, 70 Creasotum, 70, 147 Creta prseparata, 70, 141 Crocus, 70 Croton oil, 150 Crowfoot, 118 Cubebse, 70 Cuckoo-flower, 60 Cucurbita citrullus, 71 Culver's physic, 96 Cumin seed, 71 Cunilla mariana, 71 INDEX. 221 Cupri acetas, 71 subacetas, 145 sulphas, 71, 144 Cuprum aniinoniatuni, 72, 145 Curcuma, 72 Cuspario, 47 Cyanide of mercury, 88 potassium, 115 silver, 50 Cyano-hydric acid, 35 Cyanuret of silver, 50 Cyclamen Europeeum, 72 Cydonium, 72 Cynara scolymus, 72 Cynoglossum officinale, 72 Cypripedium, 72 Cytisus laburnum, 72 T\ AJAKOCH, 72 U Dandelion, 132 Deadly nightshade, 54 Decoctions, 72, 162 Decoctum cetrarise, 153 chimaphike, 162 cinchona;, 162 cornus Florida?, 163 dulcamarae, 162 haematoxyli, 162 hordei, 163 quercus, 162 sarsap. compositum, 163 senegse, 163 taraxaci, 163 uvse ursi, 162 Decubitus of patient, 179 Defect of albumen, 208 fibrin, 206 red particles, 205 Defective irritability, 197 reflex action, 201 secretion, 202 sensibility, 198 tonicity, 197 voluntary motion, 199 Delphinium, 72 Derangement of sensation, 184 voluntary motion, 185 Derangements of animal heat, 196 digestion, 193 intellect, 186 perspiration, 195 reflex system, 185 respiration, 186 urinary secretion, 194 Dewberry root ; 119 Diabetes, 17 Diachylon plaster, 178 Diantims caryophyllus, 72 Digestion, 193 Digit alin, 73 Digitalinum, 73 Digitalis, 73 Dill, 46 Dilute acetic acid, 33 alcohol, 41 hydriodic acid, 35 hydrochloric acid, 35 hydrocyanic acid, 35 nitric acid, 37 sulphuric acid, 38 Dioscorea, 73 Dioscorine, 73 Diosma, 56 Diospyros, 73 Distilled vinegar, 32 Dittany, 71 Dock root, 119 Dog's bane, 48 Dog's-tooth violet, 75 Dogwood, 69 Domestic measures, 6 Donovan's solution, 146, 157 Dover's powder, 170 Dracontium, 73 Dragon root, 51 Dried alum, 43 sulphate of iron, 79 Dulcamara, 74 Dyer's saffron, 60 Dyspnoea, 186 EARTHS, 12, 141 Effervescing draught, 34 powders, 170 222 INDEX. Elaterium, 74 Elder, 121 Elecampane, 92 Elements of disease, 209 Elemi, 74 Elixir of vitriol, 37 Elm, 184 Emetic tartar, 47 Emplastra, 74 Empla strum ammoniaci, 177 antimonii, 177 arnica?, 177 assafoetida?, 177 belladonna?, 178 cum hydrargyrum, 177 ferri, 178 galbani compositum, 178 hydra rgyri, 178 opii, 178 picis Burgundies, 178 picis cum cantharida?, 178 plumbi, 178 plumbi iodidi, 178 resina?, 178 saponis, 178 Epigsea repens, 74 Epilepsy, 20 Epilobiuni angustifolium, 74 Equisetum hyemale, 74 Erechthites hieracifolia, 74 Ergota, 74 Erigeron, 75 Erodium cicutarium, 75 Eryngium, 75 Erythronium, 75 Erythroxylon coca, 75 Essences, 168 Essential oil, 104 Ethers, 148 Ethiops mineral, 89 Eucalyptus globosus, 76 Euonymus, 76 Eupatorium, 76 Euphorbia, 76 Excessive irritability, 197 reflex action, 199 secretion, 201 sensibility, 198 Excessive tonicity, 197 voluntary motion, 199 Excess of albumen, 207 fibrin, 206 red particles, 205 Expectoration, 188 Extractive matters, 152 Extracts, 76, 164 Extractum aconiti, 164 aconiti alcoholicum, 164 arnica ale, 164 belladonna?, 164 belladonna? ale, 164 buchu fluidum, 166 . cannabis purificatum, 164 cinchona?, 165 cinchona? fluidum, 166 colchici aceticum, 165 colocynthidis comp., 165 conii* 164 conii ale, 164 conii fluidum, 166 digitalis ale, 164 dulcamara ale, 165 dulcamara? fluidum, 166 ergota? fluidum, 166 gentian a?, 165 gentiana? fluidum, 166 glycyrrhiza?, 165 ha?matoxyli, 165 hellebori ale, 164 hyoscyami, 164 hyoscyami ale, 164 hyoscyami fluidum, 166 ignatia? ale, 165 ipecacuanha fluidum, 166 jalapa?, 165 juglandis, 165 krameria?, 165 lupulina? fluidum, 166 nucis vomica?, 165 opii, 165 opii liquidum, 166 podophylli, 165 pruni Virginiana? fluidum, 166 quassia?, 165 rhei, 165 INDEX. 223 Extractum rhei fluiduin, 166 sarsaparilla comp., 166 sarsaparillse, 165 sarsaparillse fluidum, 166 serpentarise fluidum, 166 stramonii, 164 stramonii ale, 164 sennse fluidum, 166 spigeliae fluidum, 166 taraxaci, 165 taraxaci fluidum, 166 uva ursi fluidum, 166 valerian a3 fluidum, 166 veratri viridis fluidum, 166 zingiberis fluidum, 166 Extremities, 184 FACE SYMPTOMS, 180 False sarsaparilla, 49 sunflower, 85 unicorn, 86 Farinaceous medicines, 147 Fel bovinum, 26, 76, 148 Female diseases, -21 Fennel, 80 Fermentum, 76 Ferri bromidum, 144 chloridum, 77 citras, 77, 144 et ammonii citras, 77 et ammonii sulphas, 77 et ammonii tartras, 77 et potassse tartras, 77, 144 et quinise citras, 77, 144 ferrocyanidum, 77 ferrocyanuretum, 144 iodidi syrup, 167 iodidum, 77, 144 lactas, 78, 144 oxidum hydratum, 78, 144 phosphas, 78, 144 pulvis, 143 pyrophosphas, 78 ramenta, 79 redactum, 78 subcarbonas, 78, 143 sulphas, 79, 143 sulphas exsiccata, 79 Ferri sulphuretum, 79 valerian as, 144 Ferrocyanide of potassium, 115 Ferrum, 79. 143 ammoniatum, 79, 144 per hydrogen, 79, 143 Fever-bush, 54 Feverfew, 117 Fever-root, 133 Fevers, 22 Fibrin, 206 Ficus, 80 Figs, 80 Figwoit, 123 Filix, 80 Fireweed, 74 Fixed oils and fats, 148 Flaxseed, 97 Fleabane, 75 Florentine orris, 94 Fluid extracts, 166 Fly-trap, 122 Fceniculum, 80 Fowler's solution, 158 Foxglove, 73 Frasera, 80 Fraxinus excelsior, 80 Frostwort, 85 Fucus vesiculosus, 80 Fumaria officinalis, 80 Fumitory, 80 Fusel oil, 41 GALANGAL, 80 Galbanum, 81 Galega officinalis, 81 Galium, 81 Gallse, 81 Gallic acid, 35 Galls, 81 Gambogia, 81 Garden artichoke, 72 Garlic, 42 Gases, 14 Gastric juice, 118 Gaultheria, 82 Gelseminum, 82 Genital symptoms, 184 224 INDEX. Gentiana, 82 catesbsei, 82 Geranium, 82 German chamomile, 100 Geum, 82 Gillenia, 83 Ginger, 138 Ginseng, 108 Glauber's salts, 127 Glechoma hederacea, 83 Globular i a alypum, 83 Glycerate of borax, 174 carbolic acid, 173 gallic acid, .174 tannic acid, 174 Glycerates, 83, 173 Glycerina, 83, 148 Glycyrrhiza, 83 Gnaphalium, 83 Goat's rue, 81 Gold, 13, 83 Golden rod, 127 Goldthread, 69 Gombo, 86 Goose-grass, 81 Gossypium, 84, 147 Goulard's cerate, 177 extract, 145 Granatum, 84 Grindelia robusta, 84 Ground-ivy, 83 laurel, 74 pine, 40 Guaco, 84 Guaiaci resina et lignum, 84 Guaiacum, 84 Guano, 84 Guarana, 108 Gum ammoniac, 44 arabic, 30 resins, 151 Gutta-percha, 85 HABITS, 8 Hsematoxylon, 35 Hamamelis, 85 Hardhack, 128 Headache, 20 Head symptoms, 180 Heal-all, 67 Heart diseases, 23 Hedeoma, 85 Hedera helix, 85 Hedge garlic, 42 Heleborus foetidus, 85 Helenium autumnale, 85 Helianthemum, 85 Helleborus, 85 Helonias, 86 Hemidesmi, 86 Hemlock, 67 pitch, 110 Henbane, 91 Hepatica, 86 Heracleum, 86 Heuchera, 86 Hibiscus abelmoschus, 86 Hickory, 60 Hieracium, 86 Hirudo, 87 Hive syrup, 167 Hoffman's anodyne, 169, 148 Honey, 101 of borax, 101 Honeysuckle, 98 Hops, 87 Hordeum, 87 Horse-chestnut, 40 Horsemint, 102 Horse-radish, 51 Horsetail, 74 Horse-weed, 67 Hound's tongue, 72 Humulus, 87 Hura, 87 Hydrargyri chloridum corrosi- vum, 87, 146 chloridum mite, 88, 146 cyanidum, 88 cyanuretum, 147 iodidum rubrum, 89, 146 iodidum viride, 88, 147 oxidum nigrum, 89, 147 oxidum rubrum, 89, 147 sulphuretum nigrum, 89, 147 sulphuretum rubrum, 89, 147 INDEX. 225 Hydrargyri sulphas flavus, 89, 146 Hydrargyrum ammoniatum, 90, 147 cum creta, 90, 147 cum magnesia, 90 Hydrastin, 166 Hydrastis, 90 Hydrate of chloral, 20, 64 Hydrated oxide of iron, 78 sesquioxide of iron, 78 Hydrochlorate of ammonia, 17, 25, 26, 45 Hydrochloric acid, 35 Hydrocotyle, 91 Hyoscyami, 91 Hyperemia, 17, 209 Hypericum, 91 Hypophosphite of lime, 19 Hypophosphites, 91 Hyposulphite of soda, 126 Hyssopus, 91 TBERIS AMARA, 91 JL Iceland moss, 63 Ichthyocolla, 91, 148 Idiosyncrasy, 8 Ignatia bean, 92, 129 Ilex, 92 Impatiens, 92 Imperatoria, 92 Index of diseases, 16 Indian hemp, 48 physic, 83 pink root, 128 sarsaparilla, 86 tobacco, 98 turnip, 51 Indigo, 92 Inflammation, 11 Infusions, 92, 155 Infusum angusturse, 156 anthemidis, 156 armoracise, 156 buchu, 156 capsici, 156 caryophilli, 156 cascarilla, 155 15 Infusum catechu comp., 156 cinchona comp., 157 cinchonas, 155 calumbse, 156 digitalis, 156 eupatorii, 156 gentianse comp., 157 humuli, 156 kramerise, 156 lini comp., 156 pruni Virginianee, 157 quassise, 157 rhei, 156 rosse comp,, 156 sarsaparillge, 156 sassafras medul., 157 senna, 156 serpentarise, 156 spigelian, 156 tabaci, 156 taraxaci, 156 ulmi, 156 Valerianae, 156 zingiberis, 156 Inhalation, 25, 26, 27 Inorganic products, 139 Insanity, 20 Intellect, 186 Intestinal diseases, 24 Inula, 92 Iodide of ammonium, 46, 92 antimony, 92 barium, 92 cadmium, 56 calcium, 93 iron, 77 lead, 111, 145 manganese, 99 mercury, 88 potassium, 12, 115, 143 silver, 50, 93 sodium, 93 starch, 93 sulphur, 130, 143 zinc, 93, 137 Iodine, 12, 93, 143 Iodinium, 93 Iodoform, 93 226 INDEX. Iodo-hydrargyrate of potassi- um, 93 tannin, 94 Ipecacuanha, 94 Iris, 94 Irish moss, 64 Iron, 13, 79, 199 filings, 79 Irritability, 197 Isinglass, 91 Isonandra, 85 Ivy, 85 JALAP, 94 James's powder, 146 Jeffersonia, 95 Jellies, 168 Juglans, 95 Juniperus, 95 Virginiana, 95 KALMIA LATIFOLIA, 95 Kameela, 119 Kidney diseases,, 25 Kino, 95 Kooso, 96 Krameria, 96 LABARRAQUE'S DISINFEO tant, 140, 158 Laburnum, 72 Lac sulphuris, 134 Lactate of iron, 78 manganese, 99 Lactic acid, 36 Lactucarium, 96 Ladies' slipper, 72 mantle, 41 Lappa, 96 Lard, 39 Larkspur, 72 Laryngeal and tracheal dis- eases, 25 Lavandula, 96 Lavender flowers, 96 Lead, 13, 14, 145 Leech, 87 Lemons, 97 Leontice thalictroides, 96 Leonurus, 96 Leopard's bane, 51 Leptandra virginica, 96 Leptandrin, 166 Liatris spicata, 97 Life-everlasting, 47, 83 root, 124 Lignin and its derivatives, 147 Ligusticum levisticum, 97 Lily of the valley, 68 Lime, 12, 141 water, 142, 157 Limones, 97 Linimenta, 97 Liniments, 174 Linimentum aconiti, 174 ammonia?, 174 belladonna?, 174 camphora?, 174 camphora? compositum, 174 cantharidis, 174 chloroformi, 174 crotonis, 174 hydrargyri, 174 iodi, 174 opii, 174 potassii iodidi cum sapone, 174 saponis, 175 sinapis comp., 174 terebinthina?, 175 Linseed oil, 150 Linum, 97 Lion's foot, 116 Liquids, 172 Liquor ammonia citratis, 157 ammonia? acetatis, 141, 157 arsenici et hydrargyri iodi- di, 146, 157 arsenici hydrochloricus, 157 barii chloridi, 142, 157 bismuthi et ammonia? citra- tis, 157 calcii chloridi, 142, 157 calcis, 142, 157 calcis saccharatus, 157 ferri bromidi, 143 INDEX. 227 Liquor ferri citratis, 157 ferri iodidum, 144 ferri nitratis, 144, 157 ferri perchloridi fortior, 158 ferri subsulphatis, 158 gutta-perchae, 158 hydrargyri nitratis, 158 iodinii compositus, 142, 158 Utilise effervescens, 15S magnesias carbonatis, 158 magnesiae citratis, 158 morphias acetatis, 158 morphiae bydrochloratis, 158 morphiae sulphatis, 158 plumbi subacetatis, 158 plumbi subacetatis dilutus, 158 potassae, 140, 158 potassae arsenitis, 146, 158 potassae citratis, 158 sodae chlorinates, 140, 158 Liquores, 97 Liquorice, 83 Liriodendrou, 97 Litharge, 111, 145 Lithiae carbonas, 97 citras, 98 Liver diseases, 26 Liverwort, 86 Lobelia, 98 Logwood, 85 Long pepper, 109 Lonicera caprifolium, 98 Loveage, 97 Lugol's solution, 143 Lunar caustic, 50 Lung diseases, 26 Lycopus, 98 Lythrum salicaria, 98 MACE, 104 Madder, 119 Magendie's sol. of sulphate of morphia, 158 Magnesia, 98, 142 Magnesias bicarbonas, 142 carbouas, 98, 142 Magnesiae sulphas, 99, 142 Magnolia, 99 Maidenhair, 40 Malambo, 99 Male fern, 80 Malva, 99 Mandragora officinalis, 99 Mandrake, 99, 111 Manganese, 99, 144 Manganesii oxidum, 100 sulphas, 100, 144 Manna, 100 Maranta, 100, 147 Marigold, 57 Marjoram, 107 Marrubium, 100 Marshmallow, 43 Marsh parsley, 124 rosemary, 129 Masterwort, 86, 92 Mastiche, 100 Materia medica, 139 Matias, 99 Matico, 100 Matricaria, 100 May apple, 111 Mayweed, 69 Meadow anemone, 46 saffron, 66 Medicated waters, 49, 155 wines, 161 Mel, 100 despumatum, 101 rosae, 101 sodae boratis, 101 Melia azedarach, 53 Melissa, 101 Menispermum, 101 Mentha piperita, 101 viridis, 102 Menyanthes, 102 Mercury, 13, 146 with chalk, 90 with magnesia, 90 Mesenna, 102 Metallic elements, 143 Mezereon bark, 102 Mezereum, 102 228 INDEX. Mikania, 84 Milfoil, 33 Mineral acids, 139 Mistura amraoniaci, 163 amygdalae, 163 assafoetida, 163 chloroformi, 163 creasoti, 163 cretse, 163 ferri composita, 164 glycyrrhizee composita, 164 potassse citratis, 164 Misturee, 102 Mitchella repens, 102 Modes of death, 213 Momordica balsamina, 102 Monarda, 102 Monesia, 103 Monsel's solution, 158 Moonseed, 101 Morphia, 103 Morphias acetas, 103 murias, 103 sulphas, 103 Moschus, 103 Motherwort, 96 Mountain laurel, 95 Mucilages, 103 Mucilaginous medicines, 147 Mucilago acacise, 30, 103 tragacanthse, 103 Mucuna, 104 Mullein, 136 Murias ammonias, 45 Muriate of morphia, 103 quinine, 117 Musk, 103 artificial, 104 Mustard seed, 125 Myrica cerifera, 104 Myristica, 104 Myrospermum peruiferum, 53 Myrrha, 104 TVT APHTHA, 104 lN Navel-wort, 69 Neck symptoms, 180 Nectandra, 105 Nervous system, 184 Neutral crystalline principles, 152 mixture, 164 organic principles, 152 New Jersey tea, 62 Night-blooming cereus, 56 Nitrate of lead, 111, 145 potassa, 114 silver, 21, 25, 50, 145 Nitric acid, 36 Nitro-muriatic acid, 17, 26, 28, 37 Non-metallic elements, 143 Nutmegs, 104 Nux vomica, 105 OAK, 117 Oatmeal, 53 gruel, 53 Oil of yellow saunders, 122 Oils, 105, 147 Ointments, 134, 175 Okra, 86 Olea, 105, 149 Oleoresina capsici, 151 cubeboe, 151 filicis, 151 lupulinse, 151 piperis, 151 zingiberis, 151 Oleo-resins, 151 Oleum amygdalae dulcis, 149 anisi, 150 anthemidis, 149 bergamii, 149 bubulum, 149 cajeputi, 149 camphorse, 149 carni, 150 caryophylli, 150 chenopodii, 150 cinnamomi, 150 copaibas, 150 coriandri, 150 cubeba, 150 erigantis canadensis, 150 fceniculi, 150 gaultherise, 150 IXDEX. 229 Oleuui hedeoinse, 150 juniperi, 150 lavandulae, 150 liruonis, 150 lini, 150 menthae piperita?, 150 nienthae viridis, 150 rnonardse, 150 niorrhuae, 150 myristicae, 150 olivae, 150 origani, 150 pimentae, 151 ricini, 150 rosae, 150 rosniarini, 151 rutae, 151 sabinas, 151 sassafras, 151 succini, 150 succini rect., 151 tabaci, 151 terebinthinae, 150 theobroruae, 150 thyrui, 150 tiglii, 150 Valerianae, 151 Olive oil, 150 Onion, 105 Opium, 11, 105 confection, 168 preparations of, 106, 162 Orange-peel, 53 Orchis, 120 Organic products, 147 Origanum, 107 Orobanche Virginiana, 107 Orris, 94 Ovarian diseases, 22 Oxalate of cerium, 63 iron, 107 Oxalic acid, 107 Oxalis acetosella, 107 Ox gall, 76, 148 Oxide of manganese, 100 silver, 51 zinci, 138, Oxvmel scillae, 134 Oyster shells, 132 P^EONIA OFFICINALIS, 107 Pain as symptom, 189 ■ Palm oil, 66 Panax, 108 Papaver. 108 Paralysis, 20 Pareira, 108 Parsley root, 108 Parthenium integrifolium, 108 Partridge berry, 82, 102 PatholoaT and therapeutics, 197 Paullinia, 108 Pearlash, 113 Pellitory, 116 Pennyroyal, 85 Peony, 107 Pepo, 108 Peppermint, 101 Pepsin, 18, 118 Percussion of chest, 189 Permanganate of potassa, 114 Persimmon, 73 Perspiration. 195 Peruvian balsam, 53 bark, Qo Perverted secretion, 204 sensibility, 198 voluntary motion, 199 Pessaries, medicated, 108 Petroleum, 104 Petroselinum, 108 Pharmaceutical preparations,155 Phenic acid, 34 Phenol, 34 Phosphas sodae, 108, 126 Phosphate of ammonia, 45 iron, 78 lime, 16, 57, 142 mano-anese, 99 soda," 108. 126 Phosphorus, 14, 109 Physiognomical rugae, 180 Physiological symptoms, 184 Physostigmatis, 109 230 INDEX. Phytolacca, 109 Picric acid, 34 Pilewort, 123 Pills, 170 Pilulae aloes, 171 aloes et assafcetidae, 171 aloes et ferri, 171 aloes et mastic, 171 aloes et myrrhae, 171 antimonii comp., 171 assafoetida3, 171 cambogiae comp., 171 catharticae compositae, 171 copaibas, 171 ferri carbonatis, 171 ferri compositae, 172 ferri iodidi, 172 galbani compositae, 172 hydrargyri, 172 opii, 172 quiniae sulphatis, 172 rhei, 172 rhei compositae, 172 saponis compositae, 172 scillae comp., 172 Pimenta, 109 Pink root, 128 Piper longum, 109 nigrum, 109 Pipsissewa, 64, 102 Pitch, 110 Pix, 110 Burgundica, 110 Canadensis, 110 liquida, 110 Plantago major, 110 Plantain, 110 Plasters, 74, 177 Platinum, 110 Pleurisy, root, 52 Plumbi acetas, 110, 145 carbonas, 111, 145 iodidum, 111, 145 nitras, 111, 145 oxidum, 111, 145 Plummer's pill, 171 Podophyllin, 111 Podophyllum peltatum, 111 Poison-oak, 133 Poisonous serpents, 15 Poisons and antidotes, 11 Poke root, 109 Polygala rubella, 111 Polygonum punctatum, 111 Pomegranate, 84 Populus tremuloides, 112 Potash, 140 Potassa, 112, 140 cum calce, 112, 140 Potassae acetas, 112, 140 bicarbonas, 112, 140 bichromas, 112 bitartras, 112, 141 carbonas, 113, 140 chloras, 113, 140 citras, 113, 140 et sodae tartras, 113 nitras, 114, 141 permanganas, 114 sulphas, 114, 141 tartras, 114, 141 Potassii bromidum, 115, 143 cyanidum, 115 ferrocyanidum, 115 iodidum, 115, 143 sulphuretum, 115 Potassio-tartrate of antimony, 47 iron, 77 Potato fly, 59 Powder of iron, 79 Powders, 169 Prairie dock, 108 Prenanthes, 116 Preparations of earths, 141 opium, 106, 162 Prepared calamine, 57 chalk, 70 honey, 101 Prickly ash, 49, 137 poppy, 49 Primary elements of disease, 197 Prince's feather, 44 Prinos, 116 Properties of muscular fibre, 197 nerves, 198 secretion, 201 INDEX. 231 Proportion of doses, 7 Propylamia, 116 Prostration, 11 Protein and similar principles, 148 Protiodide of mercury, 88 Prunes, 116 Prunum, 116 Prunus Virginian a, 116 Prussian blue, 77 Prussic acid, 35 Pulse, 192 Pulveres aperientes, 170 effervescentes, 170 Pulvis aloes cum canella, 170 antimonialis, 146 aromaticus, 170 ipecacuanhse comp., 170 jalapse compositus, 170 rhei compositus, 170 Pumpkin seeds, 108 Purple willow-herb, 98 Purpura, 18 Pyaemia, 17 Pyrethrum, 116 parthenium, 117 Pyrophosphate of iron, 78 aUASSIA, 117 Queen's root, 129 Quercus, 117 Quevenne's iron, 79 Quince, 72 Quinise rnurias, 117 sulphas, 117 valerianas, 117 RAG WEED, 44 Raisins, 134 Ranunculus, 118 Rattlesnake-weed, 86 Red-berried trailing whortleber- ry, 134 Red cedar, 95 clover, 133 iodide of mercury, 89 oxide of mercury, 89 particles of the blood, 205 Red precipitate, 89 saunders wood, 122 Reflex action, 199 or excito-motory system, 185 Rennet, 11.8 Resina, 118 Resiuse jalapse, 165 podophylli, 165 scammonii, 165 Resins, 151 Respiration, 186 Respiratory changes in blood, 208 Rhamni, 118 Rhatany, 96 Rheum, 118 Rhigolene, 118 Rhubarb, 118 wine, 161 Rhus glabrum, 118 Rochelle salt, 113 Root of madder, 119 Rosa, 118 Rose honey, 101 Rosemary, 118 Rose petals, 118 Rosmarinus, 118 Rottlera, 119 Rubia, 119 Rubus trivialis villosus, 119 Rue, 119 Rules to proportion the doses, 7 Rumex, 119 Ruta, 119 QABADILLA, 120 O Sabbatia, 120 Sabina, 120 Saccharine medicines, 147 Saccharum, 120, 148 lactis, 120 Saffron, 70 Sagapenum, 120 Sage, 121 Sago, 120, 147 Salseratus, 140 Sal ammoniac, 45 prunelle, 141 232 INDEX. Salep, 120 Salicina, 120 Salix cortex, 121 Salt of tartar, 113 Salvia, 121 Sambucus, 121 Sanguinaria, 121 Santalum, 122 Santonin, 122 Sapo, 122 Saponaria, 122 Sarraeenia, 122 Sarsaparilla, 122 Sassafras, 122 Savine cerate, 176 leaves, 120 Scammonium, 123 Seammony, 123 Scarlet pimpernel, 46 Scillas, 123 Scoparius, 123 Scouring rush, 74 Scrophularia nodosa, 123 Scullcap, 123 Scurvy, 18 grass, 66 Scutellaria laterifolia, 123 Secondary elements of disease, 209 Seidlitz powders, 170 Selinum palustre, 124 Senecio aurens, 124 Senega, 124 Sennas folia, 124 Senna leaves, 124 Sensation, 184, 201 Sensibility, 198 Serpentarias radix, 124 Serpents, poisonous, 15 Sesamum, 125 Sesquicarbonate of ammonia, 45 Sesquichloride of iron, 77 Sevum, 125 Sex, 7 Silk-weed, 52 Silver, 13, 145 Simaruba, 125 Sinapis, 125 Skunk cabbage, 73 Snake root, 124 Soap, 122 cerate, 177 Soapwort, 122 Sodas acetas, 125, 140 bicarbonas, 126, 140 boras, 126, 140 carbonas, 126, 140 carbonas exsiccata, 126, 140 et potassse tartras, 113, 141 hypos ulphis, 126 phosphas, 126, 140 sorrel-tree, 46 sulphas, 127, 140 sulphis, 127 valerianas, 127, 140 Sodii chloridum, 127, 140 Solidago, 127 Solomon's seal, 68 Solution of acetate of zinc, 157 ammonia, 49 Sow-bread, 72 Spearmint, 102 Spermaceti, 63 Spice bush, 54 Spider's web, 66 Spigelia, 128 Spiraea, 128 Spirit of Mindererus, 141, 157 nitric ether, 158 Spirits or essences, 168 Spiritus astheris compositus, 148, 169 astheris nitrosi, 148, 169 ammonias, 141, 169 ammonias aromaticus, 141, 169 anisi, 169 camphoras, 169 chloroformi, 168 cinnamomi, 168 juniperi compositus, 168 lavandulas, 168 lavandulas compositus, 169 limonis, 169 menthas piperitas, 169 menthas viridis, 169 INDEX. 233 Spiritus myrciae, 169 niyristicae, 169 pyroxylicus, 41, 147 tenuior. 41 villi gallici, 128 Spongia, 128 Spongiae ustae, 128 Spunk, 40 Spurge, 76 Spurred rye, 74 Squill, 123 Stanni pulvis, 128 Starch, 46 Star-grass, 42 Starwort, 86 Statice, 129 Stillingia, 129 Stillingin, 165 St. Job us wort, 91 Stomach diseases, 28 Storax, 129 Storksbill, 75 StraTnouiuna, 129 Striped maple, 31 Structural disease, 213 Strychnia, 129 Strychniae sulphas, 129 Strychnos ignatia, 129 lux vomica, 129 Styrax, 129 Subcarbonate of bismuth, 55 iron, 78 Sublimed sulphur, 130 Subnitrate of bismuth, 55 Succinum, 130 Suet, 125 Sugar, 120, 148 of milk, 120 Sulphate of atropia, 53 alumina, 44 bebeerin, 54 cadmium, 57 einchonia, 65 copper, 71 iron, 79 magnesia, 98 manganese, 100 morphia, 103 Sulphate of potassa, 114 soda, 127 zinc, 138 Sulphite of soda, 127 Sulphocarbolates, 131 Sulphur, 130, 143 praecipitatum, 130, 143 Sulphuret of iron. 79 mercury, 89 potassium, 115 Sulphuric acid, 37 ether, 40 Sulphuris iodidum, 130, 143 Sulphurous acid, 38 Sumach, 118 Sunibul, 131 Suppositoria acidi tannici, 178 hydrargyri, 178 morphise, 178 plumbi compositae, 178 Suppositories, 178 Sweet birch, 55 fern, 67 flag, 51 spirits of nitre, 169 Symphytum, 131 Symptomatology, 179 physiological, 182 topographical, 179 Syrup of blackberry root, 167 Syrups, 167 Syrupus acaciae, 167 acidi citrici, 167 allii, 167 amygdalae, 167 aurantii, 167 ferri iodidi, 167 ferri phosphatis comp., 142 ipecacuanhas, 167 krameriae, 167 lactucarii, 167 limonis, 167 manganesii iodidi, 144 papaveris, 167 pruni Yirginianae, 167 rhei, 167 rhei aroinaticus, 167 rosae gallica. 167 234 INDEX. Syrupus rubi, 167 sarsaparillae compositus, 167 senegae, 167 scillse, 167 scillae compositus, 167 tolutanus, 167 zingiberis, 167 TABACUM, 131 Tag alder, 42 Tamarindus, 131 Tamarind whey, 132 Tanacetum, 132 Tannic acid, 38 Tannin, 38 Tansy, 132 Tapioca, 132, 147 Tar, 110 Taraxacum, 132 Tartar emetic, 47 Tartaric acid, 39 Tartrate of iron and ammoni- um, 77 iron and potassa, 77, 114 Temperament, 8 Terebinthina, 132 Teriodide of formyle, 93 Testae, 132 Thick-leaved pennywort, 91 Thorn apple, 129 Thoroughwort, 76 Throat symptoms, 182 Thrombosis, 18 Tin, 14, 128 Tinctura aconiti folii, 159 aconiti radicis, 159 aloes, 159 aloes et niyrrhae, 159 arnicae, 159 assafcetidae, 159 belladonnae, 159 benzoini compositae, 159 calumbae, 159 cannabis, 159 cantharidis, 159 capsici, 159 cardamomi, 159 cardamomi composita, 159 Tinctura castorei, 159 catechu, 159 cinchonae, 159 cinchonae composita, 159 cinnamomi, 159 colchici, 159 conii, 159 cubebae, 159 digitalis, 159 ferri chloridi, 144, 160 gallae, 160 gentianae compositae, 160 guaiaci, 160 guaiaci ammoniata, 160 hellebori, 160 humuli, 160 hyoscyami, 160 iodinii, 160 iodinii composita, 160 jalapae, 160 kino, 160 krameriae, 160 lobeliae, 160 lupulinae, 160 myrrhae, 160 nucis vomicae, 160 opii, 160 opii acetata, 160, 162 opii ammoniata, 160 opii camphorata, 160, 162 opii deodorata, 160 quassiae, 160 rhei, 160 rhei et aloes, 160 rhei et gentianae, 160 rhei et sennae, 160 sanguinariae, 160 scillse, 160 serpentariae, 160 stramonii, 160 tolutana, 160 Valerianae, 160 Valerianae ammoniata, 160 veratri viridis, 160 zingiberis, 161 Tinctures, 158 Toad flax, 48 Tobacco, 131 INDEX. 235 Tolu balsam, 54 Tonicity, 197 Toothache tree, 49 Tormentilla, 133 Touch-me-not, 92 Touchwood, 40 Toxaemia, 17 Toxicodendron, 133 Tragacautha, 133, 148 Trailing arbutus, 74 Trifolium, 133 Trillium, 133 Triosteum, 133 Troches, 167 Trochisci acidi tannici, 167 bicarbonatis sodae, 168 bismuthi, 167 catechu, 168 cretae, 168 cubebae, 168 ferri subcarb., 168 glyeyrrhizae et opii, 168 ipecacuanhas, 168 magnesiae, 168 menthae piperita?, 168 potassae chloratis, 168 zingiberis, 168 Tulip-tree bark, 97 Turkey corn, 69 Turmeric, 72 Turner's cerate, 176 Turpentine, 132 Turpeth mineral, 89 Tussilago, 134 Twin-leaf, 95 ULMI CORTEX, 134 Ulmus, 134 fulva, 134 Unguenta, 134, 175 Unguentum antimonii, 176 aquae rosae, 175 ; belladonnae, 176 benzoini, 177 cadmii iodidi, 177 cantharidis, 177 creasoti, 177 cupri subacetis, 176 Unguentum gailae, 175 hydrargyri, 176 hydrargyri amnion., 176 hydrargyri iodidi rubi, 176 hydrargyri nitratis, 177 iodinii, 176 iodimi compositum, 176 mezerei, 177 plumbi carbonatis, 176 plumbi iodidi, 177 potassii iodidi, 176 simplex, 175 stramonii, 176 sulphuris, 176 sulphuris compositum, 176 tabaci, 177 veratri alb., 175 zinci oxidi, 176, 177 Upas antiar, 72 Upright virgin' s-bower, 66 Urinary secretion, 194 Uterine diseases, 21 Uva passa, 134 ursi, 134 TTALERIANA, 13S V Valerian root, 135 Valerianate of ammonia, 45 bismuth, 55 iron, 135 quiniae, 117 soda, 127 zinc, 138 Valerianic acid, 39 Vanilla, 135 Vegetable acids, 153 alkaloids, 154 Venereal diseases, 28 Veratria, 135 Veratrum album, 135 viride, 136 Verbascum thapsus, 136 Verbena officinalis, 136 Vervain, 136 Viburnum, 136 Vienna caustic, 112 Vina medicata, 136 Vinegar, 31, 161 236 INDEX, Vinegar of bloodroot, 32 of cantharides, 31, 161 of lobelia, 32 of meadow saffron, 32 of opium, 32, 161 of squill, 33, 161 whey, 31 Vinum aloes, 161 antimonii, 161, 146 colchici radicis, 161 colchici sem., 161 ergotse, 161 ipecacuanhse, 161 opii, 161 rhei, 161 tabaci, 161 xericum, 136 Viola, 137 Violet, 137 Virginia creeper, 46 Volatile or essential oils, 149 Volume of body, 180 Voluntary motion, 185, 199 WAHOO, 76 Water avens, 82 hemlock, 64 pepper, 111 plantain, 42 starwort, 57 Watermelon, 71 Wax, 62 myrtle, 104 Weights and measures, 5 White hellebore, 135 horehound, 100 poppy, 108 precipitate, 89 wine, 136 Wild chamomile, 69 cherry bark, 116 Wild cucumber, 74 ginger, 52 indigo, 54 potato, 68 senna, 83 yam, 73 Willow bark, 121 Willow-herb, 74 Wine of aloes, 161 ergot, 161 ipecac, 161 opium, 161 Wintera, 137 Winter's bark, 99, 137 Witch hazel, 85 Wood naphtha, 41, 147 sorrel, 107 Woody nightshade, 74 Wormseed, 63 Wormwood, 30 XANTHORRHIZA, 137 Xanthoxylum, 137 YARROW, 33 Yeast, 76 Yellow jasmine, 82 root, 90, 137 wax and white, 162 ZINC, 14, 145 Zinci acetas, 137, 145 carbonas prsecipitatus, 137, 145 chloridum, 137, 145 cyanuretum, 145 iodidum, 137 oxidum, 138, 145 sulphas, 138, 145 valerianas, 138, 145 Zingiber, 138 THE END. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 00QEbl03AT7