BF 879 .G7 Copy 1 MIRB.OFL. Professor P, Graham's NEW SYSTEM OF Reading Character. WITH RULE, CALIPERS & TAPE. Note— Fof No. 42 see depth of Animal Brain The figures cannot be j'i.icrd just as correct as we would wish, bur reading the faculties will set thirf right. For instance. No 4 (Self Esteem) would do about quarter of an inch higher up, and sOTm with ?omc few others. Frank Leslie's Publications, UNITED STATES POSTAGE RATES. Prepaid quarterly, in advance, at the subscriber's post> office — on the Lady's Magazine, six cents per quarter ; on the Illustrated Newspaper, Illustrirte Zeituno, Boys' and Gums' Weekly, five cents per quarter ; on the Bcdoet ok Fix am 1 JPleasant Hours, three cents per quarter POSTAiE TO CANADA. The same rates as above, but, as the posta^ j Oanadiar subscriptions must be prepaid in New York Canadian suS scribers will, therefore, in all cases add the amount of poeta^ to the amount of subscription. Our publications are always stopped when the term subscription expires. It is not necessary to give notice discontinuance. In sending subscriptions; or corresponding be cai send Name and Address in full. We cannot change the address of a subscriber unless gives his formes as well as his present address. We employ no traveling agents. Addn muni eat ions to || W,l FRANK LESLIE, 537 3?OArl Stroot, :KTc--\*r Yorl THE MIRROR; OR, MATHEMATICALLY DISSECTED. WITI^ JOINTS ON T^E IMPROVEMENT OF BODY ytjND MIND.. BV JPROFESSOR P. GRAHAM,. Editor, /Juthor. & Orator, late of Edinburgh, Scotland. " O wad some power the giftie gie us To see oursel's as ithers see us. It wad frae mony a blunder free us, An' foolish notion/' M The proper study of mankind is man.'' " How much better is it to get wisdom than gold.' Entered according to Act of Congress, in the ye»r 1873, by Prof. P. Graham, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. Jersey City : W. L, DOWNS, TIMES PRESS, 44 MONTGOMERY STREET,. 1873. THE MIPIROH. ' Professor P, Graham's NEW SYSTEM OF Reading Character. WITH RULE, CALIPERS & TAPE. NorK_For No. 42 see depth of Animal Brain. The Qfurei cannot !>o piacedjust as correct as we would wish, bu( reading the faculties will set this right For instance, No. 4 (Self-Esteem) would do about quarter oi an inch tl.gher up, and so on with some few others. THE IMIIIFtiFLOIFL. 1 . Philo pi ogen iti ve . . e$ J 2. Inhabiiiveness. 3. Concentratr 4. Self-esteem. 5. Firmne-s. 6. Veneration. 7. Benevolence. 8. Human Naturfe. 9. Comparison. Eventuali y. ^adividual'.ty. 12. Casnality. 13. Humorousness. 14. Ideality. Sublimity. 16. Caution. 17. Love of Approbate 18. Adhesiveness. 19. Combat: veness. 20. Marriage. 21. Amativeness. Iv). Eve 11. Ind: ^ 3U 22. Alirnentiveness. 23. Preservativeness. 24. Sccretiveness. 25. Acquisitiveness. 26. Construe tiveness. Weight. 28. Color. 29. Oder. 0. 2>umler. ocality. "132. Time. I Tune. 1 34. Conscientiousness. 1 *■■& x$ "p. 35. Hope. 36. Marvelousness. 37. Imitation 38. Language. 1 33. Form. 41. Agreeableness. 42. Destructiveness. Take depth of animal brain, with rule; 1 to 11 are single facul us, to be measured with rule. All other numbers are the same at each side of the head, to be measured with calipers. TO THE READER. Sir Wm. Hamilton says,,*- There is nothing great on earth but man, and there is nothing* great in man but mind." This is a truism well expressed. I have (ever since reading Stone's work in opposition to Bumpology, in which he gives measure- ments to disprove it), taken measurements myself to prove that Phrenology is an indisputable science. I publish the same in this work, so that any person can take tape, rule an Wanton cruelty, murder. When this faculty is extra large, the animal brain will measure, from the orifice of the ear up to caution, 4 and 1-2 inches. Displays wan- ton cruelty, rage, and violence. When provoked would take away life. .Very large, 4 inches, could remove or destroy whatever impedes progression. 3 and 1-2 in- ches, large, feels great indignation when excited. Rather large, 3 inches, would kill for food if required. Average, 2 and 3-4 inches, could kill for food, but would rather avoid it ; has some severity, but it requires provocation to bring it- out. Full, 2 and 1-2 inches, cannot cause pain ; great aversion to kill. Moderate, 2 and 1-4 inches, evinces but little harshness or severity. Small, 2 inches, cannot kill anything. Very small, 1 and 3-4 inches, very tame ; could not hurt any living thing. A knowledge of phrenology would give every one the power to command their passions. To restrain, avoid strong drink and animal food, and cultivate kind- ness, sympathy, love, honesty, humility and justice. " Speak gently ! it is better far To rule by love than fear ; Speak gently — let no harsh words mar The good we might do here ! Speak gently ! love doth whisper low The vows that true hearts bind ; And gently friendship's accents flow, — Affection's voice is kind. THE MIRROR. 39 Speak gently to the little cLi'd ! It's love be sure to gain ; Teach it in accents soft and mild, — It may not long remain. Speak gently to the young, for they will have enough to bear ; Pass through this life as best they may, ' Tis full of anxious care ! Speak gently to the aged one ! Grieve not the care-worn heart ; The sands of life are nearly run, Let such in peace depart. Speak gently, kindly to the poor, — Let no harsh tone be heard ; They have enough they must endure, Without an unkind word. Speak gently to the erring — know They may have toiled in vain ; Perchance unkindness made them so, Oh, win them back again ! " It will be a great help to l^eep thee from anger, if thou thoughtfully and seriously rememberest, that God looketh now full upon thee at this very moment. Never let passion or malice make thee reveal that which love and friendship before bound you to conceal. Have a. care of long and obstinate disputes ; it's easier not to begin them, than to put an end to them. In company, restrain passion ; hearken much, and speak little. Let not thy passion drive thee to cruelty, for if so, at that 4-0 THE MIRROR. time, thy mind is hell and the devil is in it. Let no scurrilous language fly out of thy mouth. Revile and curse no man, though thou beest never so angry. Im- precations will set the company against thee, and lay thee open to censure, but will not hurt him against whom thou utterest them. If, when thou art angry, thou could'st but defer revenge or punishment till some other fitter time, thou would'st not often repent of it, and such wrath would seldom do amiss. Endeavor to understand thyself in thyself, and call to mind the excess of thy past temper, and to what degree of frenzy that fever transported thee, and so thou wilt see the deformity of thy passion, and thus conceive a just hatred against it. Hood gives this graphic picture of an irritable man : "He lies like a hedgehog rolled up the wrong way, tor- menting himscif with his own prickles. " PRESERVATIVE FACULTIES. They give a desire to preserve the body from harm. PRESERVATIVENESS. Moral use : To avoid talking anything or doing any- thing that will injure the body. Abuse : Fretfulness and peevishness. It is located above the ears on each side of the head. When extra large, it will measure, with callipers, 6 and 1-4. inches. Gives great anxiety about health and life ; too apt to be peevish. Very large, THE MIRROR. 41 6 inches, very strong feeling to protect the body, anx- ious when unwell. Large, 5 and 3-4 inches, will take a warm interest in protecting the body from harm. Rather large, 5 and 1-2 inches, enjoys life, and will cling to it with a good degree of earnestness. Average, 5 and 1-4 inches, will be inclined to attend to bodily wants. Full, 5 inches, disposed to attend to the body, • but not particularly so. Moderate, 4 and 3-4 inches, little if any regard for the safety of the body or its com- forts. Small, 4 and 1-2 inches, great indifference as to protecting the body from harm. Very small, 4 and 1-4 inches, no love for life. If people would control this faculty, they would not be so frequently in the hands of 'the doctors. I would advise every one to study them- selves and become their own physicians. I give here a few hints on an easy and natural method of curing most diseases : " For an ague, go into a cold bath just before the cold fit ; nothing tends more to prolong an ague than . indulging a lazy, indolent disposition. The patient ought to take, between the fits, plenty of exercise ; use a light diet and drink lemonade. When all means fail, give blue vitriol, from one to two grains in the absence of the fit, and repeat it three or four times in the twen- ty-four hours; or, take a handful of groundsel, shred it small, put it into a paper bag four inches square, prick- ing that side which is to be next to the skin full of holes, cover this with a thin linen, and wear it on the pit of the stomachy renewing it two hours before the fit. The daily use of the flesh-brush, and frequent cold bath- ing, are of great use to prevent relapses. " Children have been frequently cured by wearing a waistcoat, in which 42 THE MIRROR. bark was quilted. St. Anthony's Fire, take a glass of tar water, warm, in bed, every hour, washing the part with the same. Apoplexy, to prevent, use the cold bath and drink only water. In the fit, put a hand- ful of salt into a pint of cold water, and pour it down the throat of the patient. He will quickly come to himself; so will one who seems dead, by a fall, but send for a good physician at once. Asthma, take a ,1-2 pint of tar water, twice a day, or live for two weeks on boiled carrots only. It seldom fails. Dry, or Convul- sive Asthma, drink a pint of new milk morning and evening. This has cured an inveterate Asthma. To cure Baldness, wash it with a decoction of boxwood, Spitting of blood, take a tea-cupful of stewed prunes, at lying down, for two or three nights. Vomiting Blood, take two spoonsfuls of nettle juice. Hard Breasts, apply turnips roasted till soft, then mashed, and mixed with a little oil of roses ; change this twice a day, keeping the breast very warm with flannel. For a bruise, apply treacle spread on brown paper. Burn ' or Scald, plunge the part in cold water, keep the part jn to; an hour or more if not well. Cancer in the Breast, apply red poppy water, plantain and rose water, mixed with honey and roses. Chilblains, ap- plv salt and onions pounded together. Cholera Morbus, boil a chicken an hour in two gallons 0^ water, and drink of this till the vomiting ceases. For a Cold, Drink a pint of cold water lying down in bed. Cholic in Children, give small doses of magnesia. Habitual Cholic, wear a thin soft flannel on the part. Windy Cholic, eat freely of parched peas. Consumption, THE MIRROR 43 take no tood but new buttermilk churned in a bottle, and white bread. Corns, apply fresh, every morning, the yeast of small beer spread on a rag ; or, after paring them close, apply bruised ivy-leaves daily, and in fifteen days they will drop out. Costiveness, breakfast twice a week, or more, on water gruel with currants. Cough, make a hole through a lemon and fill it with honey, roast it and catch the juice, take a tea-spoonful of this frequently. An Inveterate Cough, wash the head in cold water every morning, or use the cold bath. Tick- ling Cough, drink water whitened with oat meal four times a day. Cramp, take 1-2 a pint of tar water morn- ing and evening. Deafness, be electrified through the ear. Ear-Ache, rub the ear hard for a quarter of an hour, or put in a roasted fig, or onion as hot as you can bear it. Blindness is often cured by cold bathing or by electrifying. . Sore Eyes, drink eye-bright tea and wash the eyes with it. Fever, drink a large glass of tar water warm every hour. Cure for Chills and Fe\er } 1-2 an ounce of red bark, 20 grains of salts of worm- wood, and 20 grains of snake root, mix together in six powders, one to be taken when the chills are coming on, and so on till well. Never breathe near the face of a sick person, nor swallow your spittle whilst in the room. High Fever, plunge into cold water ; this is a safe and sure remedy in the beginning of any fever. Worm Fever, boil a handful of rue and wormwood in water ; foment the belly with the decoction, and apply the boiled herbs as a poultice ; repeat the application night and morning. This frequently brings away the worms. Gout, apply a raw lean beef steak ; change it once in 12 44 THE MIRROR. hours till cured. Gravel, infuse an ounce cf wild pars- ley seeds in a pint of white wine for 12 days, drink a glass of it, fasting for three months. To prevent its re- turn, breakfast for three months on agrimony tea. Headache, rub the head for a quarter of an hour or be electrified. Violent Headache, take of white wine vin- egar and water, each, three spoonsfuls, with 1-2 a spoon- ful of Hungary water ; apply this twice a day to the eye- lids and temples. Dull Sight, drop in two or three drops of the juice of rotten apples often. \ Heart Burn- ing, drink a pint of cold water. Hiccup, swallow a mouthful of water, stopping the mouth - and ears. Hoarseness, rub the soles of the feet, before the fire, with garlic and lard well beaten together, over night. Jaundice, take a small pill of castile soap every morning, for eight or ten days. Bite of a Mad Dog, plunge into cold water daily for 20 days, and keep under it as long as possible.'" For Nervous Disorders there is no remedy in nature comparable to the proper and constant use of the electrical machine ; it is good for Palsy and Palpitation of the Heart. For Piles, apply warm treacle or a poul- tice of boiled brooklime ; it seldom fails. Inward Piles, swallow a pitch pill, fasting. Rheumatism, to cure, use the cold bath with rubbing and sweating, or rub in warm treacle, and apply to the part brown paper smeared therewith ; change it in 12 hours. To pre- vent Rheumatism, wear washed wool under the feet. Scurvy, take 3 spoonsful of nettle juice every morning. Small Pox, drink largely of toast and water — let the food be milk and water with white bread ; if they strike in, and convulsions follow, drink a pint of cold water im- THE MIRROR. 45 mediately ; this instantly stops the convulsions and drives out the pock. Sore Mouth, boil together a pound of treacle, three yolks of eggs, an ounce of whole armoniac, and a quantity of nutmegs and alum, for a quarter of an hour, apply this to the sore part as to an aching tooth. A Stitch in the Side, apply treacle spread on hot toast. To prevent Stone, eat a small t crust of bread every morning. Stone, to cure, boil 1-2 a pound of parsnips in a quart of water ; drink a glass of this morning and evening, and use no other drink all day ; it will cure in six weeks. To Clean the Teeth, rub them w r ith ashes of burnt bread. To Prevent the Tooth Ache, wash the mouth with cold water every ' morning, and rinse them after every meal. To Cure Tooth Ache, keep the feet in warm water and rub them well with bran just before bed time. It would be well for society if they would study sickness in health, and old age in youth. Do all thou canst as laid down above, and take care of thyself without disturbing anxiety. Since we are destined to live forever in one state or another, fear not death, which is but as a minute's slum- ber, a short trance out of which we shall immediately awake, to increase our knowledge and experience of those mysteries and secrets of nature, which at present are hid from us. I give the above hints so that it may save doctors' bills and keep the people out of the hands of men who think more of money than the health of their patients. " Take the following case : A gentleman once fell from his horse and injured his thumb. The pain increasing, he sent for a surgeon. One day the doctor was unable to visit his patient, therefore sent his 46 THE MIRROR. son instead. " Did you visit the gentleman?" asked the father. " Yes," replied the young man, "and I have drawn out a thorn, which I ascertained to be the* 1 chief cause of his agony." " Fool !" exclaimed the fa- ther, " I trusted you had more sense ; now there is an end to that job." A contrast : A certain eminent phy- sician, who flourished at an early era, was supposed by his friends to have devoted the last years of his life to the composition of a book that should lay bare the secret principles upon which he had built up his wonderful success. At last he died, and his will provided that this important volume should be sold at public auction. Distinguished physicians and savans assembled from all parts of the realm, and competition promised to be ex- cessive. The auction went off amid great excitement, and the lucky bidder retired clutching his treasure to his bosom. Judge of his amazement when, upon breaking the seal with which the volume was guarded, he found inscribed upon the initial page, in golden letters, the adage : " Keep your feet warm, your head cool, live temper- ately, avoid all medicine and medical men." Cure for Tooth Ache, gum copal, when dissolved in chloroform, forms an excellent compound for stuffing the holes of decayed teeth. The application is simple and easy ; clean out the hole, and moisten a little piece of cotton with the solution, introduce this into the de- cayed tooth. In every instance the relief has been in- stantaneous ; the chloroform removes the pain, and the gum copal resists the action of the saliva ; and, as the ap- plication is so agreeable, those who labor under this THE MIRROR. 47 dreadful malady would do well to make a trial of it. For the Kidneys, Pain in the Back, &c, take one ounce of camphor, and one ounce of sulphur, pulverize them well ; that is, reducing them to powder. Make a small flannel bag, 4 inches long, and 3 inches wide, put the sulphur and camphor into it, then close it up, place it on the small of the back, fastened with tape. There is not 1 a thing that can touch this for a certain cure. ALIMENTIVENESS. Moral use : Wise discrimination in the choice of food and drink. Abuse: Gluttony, and epicurianism. It is located in front of the ear, at each side of the head. When extra large, it will be full and plump, and will measure, with callipers, from one side to the other, 6 inches. Gives great indulgence to the appetite ; eats more than is requisite ; apt to give way to gluttony and drunkenness. Very large, 5 and 3-4 inches, enjoys good living and likes both quantity and quality. Large, 5 and 1-2 inches, a hearty relish for good food. Rather large, 5 and 1-4 inches, a relish for good food and will enjoy it. Average, 5 and 1-8 inches, has a good appe- tite, but can govern it. Full, 5 inches, eats to live not lives to eat. Moderate, 4 and 3-4 inches, eats with very little relish. Small, 4 and 1-2 inches poor appetite; inability to take any pleasure in the palate. Very small, 4 and 1-4 inches, hardly knows when to eat, and what. 48 THE MIRROR. The following hints are worthy of notice : Whilst thou art eating and drinking, devour not time also. Ac- custom thy palate to what is most usual and easiest to be got. He that hangs after rarities must often feed dis- pleased, and sometimes lie at the mercy of a dear mar- ket. Set not thy mind upon corporeal pleasure, for the desire of it is full of anxiety, the pursuit of it tormenteth with doubt and fear, the satiety of it is repentance, and loathing is its certain consequence. Be not perpetually longing for, and impatiently desiring anything, so that thou canst not abstain from it, or live without it. This would be to lose thy liberty and become a slave to meat, drink, smoke, or snuff. This faculty, when very large, causes many to take the advice of doctors, and pay for it. It would be much better if such understood themselves, and would take in hand to restrain their appetite. A wealthy mannfacturer called upon Dr. Gregory, to get some advice about his health. " What is the matter?" said the doctor. *' I am not so well in the stomach as I'd like." " I suppose you are a glutton and a drun- kard ? " " No, no, I am a sober and temperate man, and a deacon." " What do you eat for breakfast ? " <( 1 *ake coffee or tea widi toast, a fresh egg, or a bit of sal- mon." " What for lunch ? " " A bit of bread and cheese, and a glass of ale." "What for dinner? I suppose you take soup first and a glass of porter or brandy." " I take a glass with my soup." -"Then you have fish or beef, and mutton, with vegetables and a glass of ale. " " Yes, I take a glass with 4 my meat." " Then you have fowl, and bacon, with something to drink." "I like fowl, and bacon, and a glass of some- THE MIRROR. 49 thing with it." M Then you have pudding and wine ? " " Yes." " And cheese, and nuts, and a glass or two with them? "Yes." " You do not finish your dinner with- out whisky punch?" * c My dinner sets better on my stomach, with a glass or so." (< You have- tea I sup- pose ? " « Yes." " You take supper ? " " Yes, I like my supper. I take a bit of cold salmon, or boiled tongue, and a glass of something with it." " Can you go to bed without a night cap of hot punch ? " t€ I must say that I sleep the better with a glass of hot punch." " Well," said the doctor, " you are a fine fellow, to come here and tell me that you are a temperate man and a deacon. With a lie in your mouth, you make out by your own statement that you are a glutton, a wine bib- ber, a whisky tipler, and a beer swiller, and also a drinker of that abominable of all compounds, punch. Go home, Sir, and reform yourself, andbeccme temyer- ate, and you will have no need of my advice. " I would say to all who give way to their appetite, to go and do likewise. A whole life is often wasted in this expensive frenzy. The only effectual security against intemperance in "drink is to fly temptation ; taste not, handle not that which leads to intoxication, and all will be well. 5° THE MIRROR. ACQUISITIVENESS. } Moral use : To possess what is useful and necessary. Abuse : Covetous and selfish. It is located above Alimentiveness, at each side of the head. When extra large, it will measure with callipers, 6 and 1-4 inches. Will be grasping, and have an inordinate desire to possess and accumulate. Very large, 6 inches, will buy closely and make the most of. everything. Large, 5 and 3-4 inches, not allow anything to go to waste; turn everything to good account. Rather large 5 and 1-2 inches, desire to acquire property ; can save but not graspin c . "Average, 5 and 1-4 inches, hath no particular tact for money making. Full 5 inches, cares little for saving; will supply all wants. Moderate, 4 and 3-4 inches, holds money loosely ; spends it often without getting value for it. Small, 4 and 1-2 inches, spends money very foolishly. Very small, 4 and 1-4 inches, neither heeds nor cares about the value of money. Culti- vate this faculty by being more careful of time and money ; to restrain, be more generous and less selfish. Young men with it small, cannot be successful in trade where speculation is required. If thou meanest to give, say not, "wilt thou have this ? " Buy what thou hast no need of; and e'er long, thou shalt sell what thou can'st not be without. Be not over covetous; it is but a little we need, and it will not be long, before we can need nothing. If thou ever shouldest grow hot and eager in the^ pursuit of riches, thou wilt do well to con- sider how they will appear to thee in a dying hour. THE MIRROR Jl Make it thy chief design, and thy great business, not to be rich and great ; but so to live in this world, as that thou mayest believe thou hast God for thy friend. Be rather careful of what thou doest than of what thou hast ; for what thou hast is none of thine, and will leave thee at thy death ; but what thou doest is thine and will fol- low thee to thy grave. In selling let not price be heightened by the necessity or unskilfulness of the buyer : for the first is direct uncharatibleness to the person, and is injustice to the thing, because the man's- necessity could not naturally enter into the consideration of the value of the commodity ; and the other is down- right deceit and oppression. To those with this faculty small let me say : If thou receivest as a private man, and spendest like a prince, thou art like a pool, whose waste lets more out than its spring supplies ; which must needs be exhausted. Be not so foolishly kind as to yield to everybody whatever he pleases to ask ; if thou growest easy to all, thou hast lost thy liberty and property, for thou can'st not afterwards, when thou hast a mind to it, with-hold or deny thy kindness, without being thought injurious ; for custom lays a debt on thee. Thou shouldst measure thy expenses so as to keep them somewhat under thy annual revenue ; otherwise thou canst not continue a fair substance. Slip not the mem- ory of things past; husband the present time, and without any disquiet provide for the future. •^There are many thousands who are thrown into the workhouse through this faculty being small, who might have been saved if trained according to this science. Take the case of a pauper, by Tom Hood : %2 THE MIRROR. -PAUPER'S DRIVE." There's a grim, one-horse hearse, in a jolly round trot; To the churchyard a pauper is going, 1 wot. The road it's rough and the hearse has no springs, And hark to the dirge, that the sad driver sings : J —Rattle his bones over the stones, < He is only a pauper, who nobody owns." O ! Where are the mourners? — alas, there are none, * He has left not a gap in the world, now lie is gone — 1 Not a tear in the eye of child, woman or man. i To the grave with his carcass as fast as you can ! | - Rattle, etc." What a jolting and creaking and splashing and dm ; , The whip how it cracks, and the wheels how they spin ; How the dirt, right and left, o'er the hedge is hurled, The pauper at length makes a noise in the world. -Rattle, etc." i Poor pauper defunct, he has made some approach * To gentility now that he is stretched in a coach. 3 iHe is taking a drive in his carriage at last, J But it will not be long, if he goes on so fast, i -Rattle, etc." 1 You bumpkins who stare at your brother conveyed, Behold what respect to a cloddy is paid, i And be joyful to think, when by death you're laid low, 4 You've a chance to the grave, like a geniman to go. " Rattle, etc," , But a truce to this strain, for my soul it is sad, To think that a heart in humanity clad, Should make, like tbe brutes, such a desolate end, And depart from the light without leaving a friend. Bear softly his bones, over the stones, * Though a pauper, he's one whom his maker yet owns. THE MIRROR 53 In New York State there are 97,000 paupers, and 101,000 occasional ones. In America there are 200,000 who are pauperized by strong drink. There is no danger of such as Daniel Dancer ever becoming a . drunkard ; he was worth §360,000 ; he slept in a sack to save bed clothes, and never allowed himself the luxury of a fire in the coldest of weather. The Duke of Marlborough was worth #250,000 a year ; he could be seen at the head of his army darning his stockings, to save expense. He would walk from the theater on a wet night, to save sixpence. These had selfishness very ctrong The Duke of Cumberland had it small.. He went one day to his sister, (Princess Amelia) for money. She took him to task about his dissipated conduct, and said she never would be instru- mental to it. He assured her that the money he solicited he wanted, to complete an improvement in Windsor Park, where it was well laid out, in employing the poor. To convince her of the truth of this statement, he proposed to take her down to inspect the work. At that time he had nearly five hundred men engaged digging a canal. He drove his sister round the Park in a one-horse chaise, and so contrived it with the manager, that as they passed from one place to another > the same set of men were removed to another spot, and engaged in planting trees ; at another place, they were grubbing hedges. (< Well brother,'' said his sister, " I had no conception of this ; you must employ, at least nearly two thousand men." "True," said the noble Duke, " and if I were to take you to the other side of the Park, I could show as many more." (< It is not necessary ; I 54 THE MIRROR. am satisfied that your money is better spent than I had apprehended," and paid him over the #60,000 he wanted. When this faculty is small in children, they ought to be trained to habits of prudence and economy under the guidance of the moral feelings. When it is extra large, it ought to be restrained, so as to do away with the grasping, hoarding misers, and the low, cunning tricksters, that the world is cursed with. Take this case that appeared in the papers the other day, and it will give you some idea what selfishness can do, if not checked in youth : THE MEANEST WRETCH IN WILLIAMSBURGH. During the terrific rain storm yesterday forenoon, August Trimbeck, aged 20, drove his father and mother from their home in Graham avenue, near Marshall street, Williamsburgh. Sergeant Adams found the aged couple making their way through the drenching rain to the police station. He returned with them to their house. The son met them in the hallway, and on seeing his parents he became frantic, and threatened to murder them if they dared to enter the house. He gave as a reason for his action that his parents had expended a dollar of his money over his week's board. The dollar had been spent for luxuries for their son and some of his friends whom he had invited to dine with him CONSTRUCTIVENESS. Moral Use : To build and construct that which is useful for the good of society. This faculty is located before acquisitiveness, and behind and above the outer the mirror; 55 angle of the eye. When extra large, it will measure, with callipers^ 5 and 7-8 inches, extraordinary talent for mechanical purposes. Very Large, 5 and 5-8 inches, will show great mechanical skill. Large, 5 and 1-4 inches, possesses very fair ingenuity. Average, 5 inches, with practice can use the hands vtry well. Full, 4 and and 3-4 inches, can use the hands, but not anything remarkable. Moderate, 4 and 1-2 inches, very little handicraft ingenuity. Small, 4 and 1-4 inches, will be awkward and bungling in the use of tools. Very Small, no handicraft skill whatever. Engravers, cabinet makers, Tailors, Dressmakeers, &c, require this faculty large, to be successful. All talented engineers and mechanics have this faculty very large, with a strong perceptive brain. If talent were rightly directed, it would do much for the moral and social improvement of society. Thousands drink and become drunkards because they cannot compete with others. RESTRAINING FACULTIES. These restrain and give prudence. SECRETIVENESS. Moral Use . To conceal actions and thoughts with prudence. Abuse : Hypocrisy, lying and deceit. It is located about 1 and 1-2 inches above the ear, at each 56 THE MIRROR. side of the head. When extra large, it will measure,. with the callipers, 6 and 1-4 inches, will be cunning, artful, and sly. Very large, 6 inches, a great love to conceal tendency to cunning. Large, 5 and 3-4 inches, seldom will disclose plans — reserved. Rather Large, 5 and 1-2 inches, can be reserved. Average, 5 and 1-4 inches, frank; dislikes underhand measures, but can keep secrets. Full, 5 inches, very frank. Moderate, 4 and 3-4 inches, disdains concealment. Small, 4 and 1-2 inches, gives vent to all thoughts and feelings. Very Small, 4 and 1-4 inches, cannot conceal anything. When this faculty is very large, and the moral brain small, the person will be cunning, deceitful, sly, artful, lying, two-faced, double-dealing, hypocritical, &<* ; will get things under false pretences, and will swindle all they have dealings with. If such heads were understood, people would not be robbed as they are. To cultivate, be sincere, frank, candid, and honest. To restrain, be more reserved and discreet. The following hints will be useful to those with the faculty small, and to those having it very large. If thou wouldst keep safe, speak ill of none. Trust not those who seem saints. Let not thy wisdom run into base craft. Learn to hold thy tongue ; five words cost Zacharias forty weeks silence. Mistrust no man without cause, nor be credulous without proof. Nothing but truth before the face; nothing but good behind the back. Take no part with scandalizers ; thou knowest not thy turn among them. Say not all thou knowest, nor censure all thou seest, if thou wouldst live in peace. Speak no more to a stranger than thou wouldst have publicly known. THE MIRROR. 57 When thou nearest any defamed, do it with an averse ear, and leave the relator to himself. When thou tellest cue that is not a tried friend anything, think he is thy enemy, or may be so. Praise no man before his face, nor censure him too severely behind his back ; the one savours of flattery, the other of malice, and both are reprehensible. Speak not ill of any ; if thou doest it in his absence, it's the property of a base coward to stab a man behind his back. ^Look upon tale bearers and whisperers as direct enemies to civil society ; as persons without honor, honesty or humanity, that ought to be expelled all company. s Never listen at doors or windows ; never ask what a man carries covered ; it is invading thy neighbor's privacy and laying that open which he closed; what authority hast thou to draw open his curtains? Place not thy amendment only in increas- ing thy devotion, but in bettering thy life ; this is the damning hypocrisy of th s age, that it slights all good morality, and spends ' it's zeal in matters of ceremony, and a form of godliness, without the power of it. In thy dealing use openness and freeness ; such behavior will make others free to you. Get the opinion of secresy, for then like a sound and close vessel men will pour themselves into thee. Get the report of upright dealing, and men will negotiate more sincerely and plainly with thee; do not affect the crooked going of the serpent. Of all good qualities, from the beginning accustom the child to speak the very precise truth ; and when it hath committed any fault, do not affright it into lying and silly excuses which are commonly taught them, but by 58 THE MIRROR. mildness and security from chiding, At first beget in it: the courage of confessing its faults ; great actions of honor and justice depend upon veracity. By no means come into the way of the men of the world, that think themselves cunning and are eternally counterfeiting and dissembling, for the advantage thou wilt get by it will be, never to be believed when thou seriously speaketh the truth ; it is true this may once or twice pass upon, men, but to profess concealing of thy thoughts will be to give warning to all who have anything to do with thee,, that whatsoever thou sayest is all but lying and deceit;, and by how much thou art more subtle and cunning, by so much thou art suspected and hated ; and then when it is come to that pass that the opinion of thy integrity is ruined, lost and gone, thou wilt everywhere have a hard, game to play. Some are wont to defame their neighbors without any ceremony or remorse ; from such turn away, be sure to be none of them, nor partake in their calum- niations; consider what thou may say of others, others may say of thee. Ever take heed of doing that which may do hurt, but can never do good. It is madness to make enemies without cause ; it's better to suppress, than vent and satisfy a trifling piece of wit or foolish passion. CAUTIOUSNESS. Moral use: Circumspection in general. Abuse: Timidity and indecision. It is located above secretive- ness and below conscientiousness. When extra large, 6 and 1-8 inches, apt to hesitate too much and surfer from THE MIRROR. 59 ■groundless fears. Very Large, 5 and 7-8 inches, very circumspect ; always on the watch to make everything safe. Large, 5 and 3-4 inches, always on the look out to make things safe. Rather Large, 5 and 1-2 inches, circumspect; disposed to look before leaping. Average, 5 and 1-4 inches, has circumspection, but would do with more. Full, 5 inches, apt to do and say things at times without due deliberation. Moderate, 4 and 3-4 inches, want of circumspection in general. Small, 4 and 1-2 inches, imprudent, rash and reckless. Very Small, 4 and 1-4 inches, very reckless and rash, and destitute of fear. When small, people endanger the lives of others as well as their own. For the safety of society men of prudence ought to be selected, on land and sea, who have in their care the lives of others. If people would only but understand themselves they would save themselves from much trouble and anxiety. 'Take the case of a young lady, given by Tom Hood : So far in the river, With many a light From window and casement, She stood with amazement, One more unfortunate, Weary of breath, F.ashly importunate, Gone to her death. Take her up tenderly, Lift her with care, Fashioned so slenderly, Young and so fair. Touch her not scornfully, Think of her mournfully, Gently and humanly ; Not of the stains of her, All that remains of her Now is pure womanly. Loop up her tresses. Escaped from the comb, Whilst wonderment guesses, Where was her home. Where the lamps quiver, Houseless by night. Mad from life's history, Glad to death's mystery Swift to be hurl'd, Anywhere, anywhere Out of the world. In she plunged boldly, No matter how coldly The rough river ran; Over the brink of it, Picture it, think of it, Dissolute man. Take her up tenderly, Lift her with care, Fashioned so tenderly, Young and so fair. 60 THE MIRROR. This is only one of thousands of young ladies who, by their imprudence, throw themselves into the hands of men without morals. I hope and trust this work will make ladies more cautious who they give their affections to. It will be well to keep the story of the fox in mind that went to the well for a drink. His feet slipped and he fell into the water. It was not long before a thirsty goat looked in, and seeing the fox at the bottom, asked him if the water was good. O yes, said the fox, it is beautiful, and there is plenty of it. In jumped the goat, and in a moment the fox leaped on his back, and thence out of the well. Aha, my friend, said the fox, as he stood in safety, if your brains had been equal to your beard, you would look before you leap; and the cunning fox ran away and left the poor goat in the well. Moral : Before you follow the advice of low, base, cunning peo- ple, think well of the consequence. It would be well sometimes to stop a little and ask ourselves what we are about r* Whither we are going ? and where all will end at last ? In all things have an eye to safety. If at any time thou shalt be overmuch pressed to do anything hastily, be careful.. Fraud and deceit are always in haste; diffidence is the right eye of prudence. To those who have very large caution it would be well if they would take a little leisure to consider what frightens them; perhaps they would not fear it if they would but reflect on it. Persons with small caution ought frequently call themselves to account, and observe all those defects (which other men are never sensible of.) Thou wilt attain an habitual caution and watchfulness which will greatly improve you. In matters ot concern, do not THE MIRROR. 6l begin to speak until thou hast some sort of sketch in thy mind what to say, and a reason why thou speakest. Words are like arrows that ought not to be shot without aim. Promise nothing of importance without delibera- tion, and except thou hast a mind to perform it. DIGNITATIVE FACULTIES. These produce character and promote ambition. LOVE OF APPROBATION. Moral use : — Desire to please others by doing what is right. Abuse : — Vain ambition, pomposity and affecta- tion. It is located above Adhesiveness, at each side of Self-esteem, and at the back of Caution. When extra large, it will measure with the callipers from one side to the other 5 and 3-4 inches ; will be ostentatious, am- bitious and vain. Very large, 5 and 1-2, affable and ambitious^ fond of display. Large, 5 and 1-4, keenly alive to public opinion, fond of show. Rather large, 5 inches, will like to make a fair show in society. Aver- age, 4 and 3-4, enjoys the approbation of others, but will not sacrifice much to attain it. Full, 4 and 1-2, feels some little regard forjDopularity. Moderate, 4 and 1-4, has some desire to please, but very careless about it. Small, 4 inches, insensible to praise or blame. Very small, 3 and 1-2 inches, cares little for personal appear- ance ; disregards the favor or censure of any one. 62 THE MIRROR. To cultivate : Think more of your character and personal appearance. To restrain : Be less vain and ambitious, do not give way to extravagant habits, nor live beyond your means. Many have been ruined and degraded by giving way to this faculty. The following hints will be useful. Do not plunge yourself into debt. It is a sad thing to be always struggling with necessity. What can be more miserable than to lie at the mercy of misers and men of law r Assure thyself that to be in debt is the very worst of poverty, and will haunt and torture you like an evil spirit night and day. Endeavor more to know thyself than to be known by others. Envy not those who know more than thyself, but pity those who know less. Be not covetous ; the pleasures of this world consist in having necessaries and not superfluities. Be not so bashful and facile as to grant whatever is desired of thee, for that will make all thy life uneasy. If thou forbearest an action for fear of censure thou wilt often find it hard to be honest. Shut thy ears equally against flatterers who excessively commend thee, and detractors who basely revile others. Consider not so much what thou hast as what others want. What thou hast take care you lose not. What you have not take care you covet not. Endeavor not to make mighty appearances, and seem better, greater or wiser than you really are, lest thou be examined and stripped, and rendered less than you should be. Affect and desire nothing so passionately that you must be miserable without it, but forethink what may come hereafter, and spare fortune thy thanks and curses. Endeavor with all thy power to get a manly confidence, for a sheepish, bashfulness, when one knows THE MIRROR. 63 not how to look, speak or move, for fear of doing amiss, and always blushing, and not able to support an harsh word or stern look, will render you liable to ridicule, contempt and insult. Walk virtuously and inoffensively, and you need not care what people may say about you. Sometimes cast thine eye upon those that have more than their share ; you may see that they are so far from content as those who have nothing at all, from whence you are to conclude that it is not to be found in all the world but in yourself, and there you may find it without the abundance they enjoy. People with this faculty large pay their tailors better than their tutors; they are more careful about their dress than their education. It is said that no man is esteemed for gay garments but by fools. Dr. Gall says this faculty gives rise to a thousand artificial wants, augments the comforts of life, and gives support to the industrious. It is to it, in a great degree, that we are indebted for the flourishing condition of the arts and sciences. A large faculty of Love of Approbation gives origin to the ambition of a Bonaparte. SELF ESTEEM. Moral use : Pride of character, self-respect, &c. Abuse : Egotism, arrogance, tyranny, conceit, &c. It is located between Concentrativeness and Firmness. Firm- ness is right at the top part of the head; back from this about 3-4 of an inch you will find Self-esteem. ^ When 64 THE MIRROR. extra large, it will project out full and round. From Caution to Self-esteem measures with a rule, when extra large, 2 3-4 inches. Will not take advice or endure restraint. With strong moral brain, gives dignity and greatness of character. Very large, 2 5-8 inches, high- .toned, imperious and independent. Large, 2 3-8 inches, self-confident, assumes responsibilities ; innate love of personal liberty. Rather large, 2 1-8 inches, gives the mind a good degree of dignity and self-respect. Average, 1 7-8 inches, proper feeling of pride, not haughty, fair self-respect. Full, 1 3-4 inches, has a little pride and dignity, with a small degree of self-respect. Moderate, 1 5-8 inches, will be too apt to underrate personal capabilities and worth. Small, 1 1-2 inches, very low in self-respect, would do with very much more inde- pendence of character. Very small, 1 1-4 inches, servile, low-minded, with no self-respect. Deficient, 1 inch, idiotic, base and servile. To cultivate : Think and act as, a man. To control : Be less forward and conceited. To those with this faculty very large, pay particular attention to the advice of wisdom in the following hints as to controlling this faculty. If thou wouldst be cured of thy ignorance, confess it. Love most, pity rome, hate none. Do well, and boast not. Win honor and wear it well. Insult not a man when thou hast got the better of him. Read not books only, but man also, and chiefly thyself. Re- joice not at the fall of thy enemies, thou knowest not thy own end. Mix kindness with authority, and rule rather by discretion than by rigor. Wouldst thou not be a fool in others conceit, be not wise in thy own. Listen to all THE MIRROR. 65 the world, that thou may'st not be ignorant of any of thy own faults. Refuse not counsel, it's neither a diminution of thy grandeur nor a sign of incapacity. If thy debtor be really insolvent, do not ruin him to get that which will not ruin thee to lose. It is a great piece of gallantry to confess a mistake and forsake an error. Be not too positive in thy predictions of events. If thou wouldst appear wiser than others, thy mistakes will cause them to scorn thee. So long as thou art ignorant oe not ashamed to ask questions. Ignorance is a shameful infirmity, and when justified is the chiefest of follies. Pretend not to more knowledge than thou really hast, but be content to seem ignorant where thou art so, lest thou erect a credit which thou can'st not support, and so bring thyself to shame. Cast the eye of thy imagination, as a stranger, on thy outward actions and behavior amongst people, and thou mayest find that thy self-love hath covered many things which they blame in thee, and which thou oughtest to amend. Take heed of the honors that wealth hath purchased, for it is neither lasting, nor thy own ; what money creates, money preserves; if thy wealth decays, thy honor dies ; that is but a slippery happiness which fortune can give and can take away. If at any time thy thought be lifted up and thou fanciest thyself to be something, the earth, which is always present, will tell thee whereof thou art made, and whence* thou hadst thy origin, and whither thou shalt go ; for dust we are and to dust we must return, and upon this humble foundation thou mayest build the highest virtue. Take no notice of every neglect and small injury, for so thou 66 4 THE MIRROR, discoverest thyself too tender of thy honour ; which thing will soon create thee contempt, and make thee accounted a touchy, testy fool ; these thoughts are troublesome and vexing to their owners, which, like briars, catch at every thing that touches them. En- deavour to be patient in bearing with the defects and infirmities of others, of what sort soever they be ; for thou thyself hast many things which must be suffered by others, if thou canst not make thyself such an one as thou wouldst ; how canst thou expect to have an other in all things to thy liking ? We would willingly have others perfect, and yet we mend not ourselves. If thou wouldst secure to thee observance, thy best way is not to insist too violently upon it ; for pride is a most unfortunate vice ; a proud man is so far from mak- ing himself great by his haughtiness and contemptuous part that he is usually punished with neglect for it ; and that disdain with which he treats others is returned more justly upon himself. Because all men are apt to flatter themselves, it is a most perilous thing to entertain the addition of other men's praises ; therefore, do not praise thyself, except thou hast a mind to be accounted a vain- glorious fool ; neither take delight in the. praises other men give thee, except thou really deservest them ; and then receive them only from such as are themselves worthy and honest, and will withal, warn thee of thy faults. Open not thy mind to avarice unless thou resolvest to lead a vexatious and miserable life, when others re- joice, if thou hearkenest to that cursed passion, it will make thee endure all the inconveniences of poverty in THE MIRROR. 6j the midst of thy gold and silver, and thou wilt not so much live as languish. The condition of a covetous person is so unhappy that the greatest mischief thou canst wish him is that he should live long. Make not thy own person, family, relations, or affairs the frequent • subject of thy tattle ; and set not up thy all-wise self as a perfect pattern for others to think and act by. Say not "In truth, I cannot allow of such a thing ; my manner and custom is to do thus, etc." Such heads are full of small matters • they are too much in love with themselves and disregard others. If thou wouldest enjoy the sweets of society thou must be friendly, and carry on equality ; but if thou pretendest to top the company and assume superiority by engrossing all the discourse, forcing on them thy own opinions, looking supercilious, and doubting, objecting, contradicting, and disliking all that others say, then thou makest thyself a party against the rest, and must look for usage accordingly; but if thou lookest angry, fall into passion, roar, swear, huff, scorn, give ill words, &c, aM men of education and civil manners will as willingly keep company with a bear as such a beast as thou art. I would say to those who have self-esteem small : Trust thyself, and another will not betray you. Keep good company, and the devil will not dare to make one. Only keep company with those who will make thee wiser and better. Do not give thyself up to indolence; want of care is want of virtue. Come not to conversa- tion with fear, for thereby thou accusest thyself of weakness, and wilt be disabled, and the company will take thee at thy word and not much esteem thee nor 68 THE MIRROR. mind what thou sayest. When thou speakcst, look the person right in the face, dejected eyes confess (to most judgments ?) guilt, low spirits or folly. Keep company with men of reputation for honesty, wisdom, virtue, ingenuity ; thou wilt improve thyself by such, and wilt be thought to be such thyself. If thou makest thyself a companion of those that are any ways scandal- ous, their faults will stick upon thee, tho' thou shouldest possibly not be guilty of them. Dr. Gall says of this faculty, €€ That the proud man is penetrated with a sense of his superior merit, and, from the height of his grandeur, treats with contempt or indifference all other mortals. The vain man attaches the most importance to the judgment of others, and ardently seeks for their approbation. The proud man expects that the world should come and discover his merit. ^The vain man strikes at every door to draw attention towards him. The proud man despises the marks of distinction which constitutes the happiness of the vain man. The proud man, even under the most imperious demands, never descends from his elevation. The vain man humbles himself even to the ground, pro- vided by this means he attains his end." THE MIRROR. 69 PERSEVERING FACULTIES. This group gives perseverance and continuity of mental action. CONCENTRATIVENESS. Moral use : — Unity of thought and feeling. Abuse : — Tedious, prolixity, repetition, &c. It is located above Inhabitiveness and below Self-Esteem. When extra large it will measure back from Caution 2 3-4 inches ;» are very often tedious, cannot leave things unfinished. Very large, 2 1-2 inches; remarkable for concentrated application to the one thing. Large, 21-4; can give the mind to one thing till it is finished. Rather large, 2 inches ; can attend to one subject. Average, 1 3-4; is disposed to attend to one thing, but the mind is too easily diverted from it. Full, 1 5-8 ; wants more steady unity of mental action. Moderate, 1 3-8 ; com- mences many things,, but finishes few. Small, 1 1-8; craves novelty, and is flighty brained. Very small ; very flighty, incapable of continuity of thought. To cultivate, always complete what j ou take in hand, and never allow your thoughts to wander. I can shew thee a man whom thou must not imitate. He has always an hundred things begun, and finisheth not one; so he never does anything, though he be everlastingly busy. Never squander away thy precious time when thou find- est thyself set for study or business. Oh ! that is a 70' THE MIRROR. golden hour ; Jose it not, whatever happens in the way to catch it from you. Add not a second evil to that which thou already endurest by suffering thyself to be overcome with impatience. Impatience does not dimin- ish but always augments the evil. Make use of time if thou valuest eternity ; yesterday cannot be re-called ; to-morrow cannot be assured ; to-day is only thine, which, if thou procrastinatest, thou losest, which loss is lost forever. Lay down such rules to thyself of observ- ing stated hours for study and business as no man shall be able to persuade thee to recede from ; for when thy resolutions are once known, as no man of ingenuity will disturb thee, so thou'lt find this method will become not only practicable, but of singular benefit in abundance of things. * In the matter of reading, I would have thee fix upon some particular authors and make them thy own. If thou art everywhere, thou wilt be nowhere ; but, like a man that spends his life in travel, he has many hosts, but few friends ; which is the very con- dition of him that skips from one book to another. The variety does but disturb his head ; and, for want of digesting, it turns to corruption instead of nourishment. When we see any one properly attentive to his duties, persevering through difficulties to gain such knowledge as shall be of use to himself and others, we may be sure he is getting on in the world. Perseverance is often* better than a full purse. There are more helps towards getting on than is commonly supposed. Many people lag behind, or miss the way altogether, because they do not see the simple and abundant means which surround them on all sides ; and so it happens that these THE MIRROR. Jl means are aids which cannot be bought with money. Those who wish to get on in the world must have a stock of patience and perseverance. The following owe much of their success to perseverance : Ben Frank- lin, the great philosopher and statesman, rose from a journeyman printer ; A. Lincoln, from a rail-splitter, to be President of America ; George Stephenson, from a common miner to be the great civil engineer ; Ben John- son had been a brick-layer ; Hogg, a shepherd ; Homer, a beggar; Captain Cook was a common sailor at the age of thirty ; the great giant of literature, Dr. S. Johnson, was a bookseller, and thousands of others in America and Europe have made tteir mark by perseverance. DO NOT DREAM AWAY YOUR TIME. A maiden slept in a rosy bower, Fragrant with rich perfume, And dreamt away full many an hour Till the sun had set in gloom ; And when she awoke she found the day Had, like her dreaming, passed away. 'Tis thus with us, we dream away Golden hours of early life ! Wasting the sunshine of our day ; At eve beginning our toil and strife. But what avails our work at last When the manhood of our lives is past ? Oh! rather let us, while 'tis day, Be up and ready for the strife ; For soon our day will pass away, And, with it, all the dreams of life; Then wake, ye dreamers, dream no more, For youth and dreaming soon are o'er. JZ THE MIRROR. FIRMNESS. Moral use : — Stability of character in all that is right. Abuse: — Obstinacy and stubbornness. It is located at the top part of the head, in a line above Caution. When extra large, this part of the head will measure 2 3-4 from Caution up to the top of the head, and stand above Benevolence, about 2 inches, will be obsti- nate, stubborn, and show great tenacity of will. Very large, 2 5-8 inches ; has great fixedness of purpose, often stubborn. Large, 2 1*2; will display great stability of character. Rather large 2 1-4; has fair firmness of purpose. Average, 2 inches ; has stability for ordinary occasions, but would do with more steady firmness. Full, 1 3-4; shows irresolution, fickleness and indecision. Moderate, 1 1-2 ; changes too easily, and will fail to effect much. Small, 1 1-4; lacks stability not to be relied upon. Very small, 1 inch ; no stability of character ; extremely fickle-minded. To cultivate, be firm in all things that are right. To con- trol, take advice, be not so stubborn. Think how many times thou hast been mistaken in thy own judgment, and learn by that experience not to be positive and obstinate. If this faculty is small, always remember that thou art but a man ; that human nature is frail, and that thou mayes< easily fall, and then thou shalt seldom fall. But, if happening to forget what thou art, thou chancest to fall, be not discouraged; remember thou mayest rise again< Look upon vicious THE MIRROR. 73 companions as so many engines planted against thee by the devil, and accordingly fly from them as thou wouldest from the mouth of a cannon. Make no acquaintance with those whom nothing will satisfy, but that thou go to hell with them for company. One case of strong firmness was brought to our notice a short time ago. It was in a church. When the minister announced the hymn, the leader of the choir and clerk of the church, to the surprise of the congregation, exclaimed, " 'Tis the 'under and thirteenth hymn!" " No, it is not," said the clergyman, and again he announced the right number and requested the clerk to play it. ( '* I tell 'ee 'tis the 'underd and thirteenth !" To prevent this un- seemly harrangue, the clergyman descended from the pulpit, walked to the harmonium, placed the hymn before the clerk (who had been watching his operations with contracted eyebrows) and said, " Play that, if you please. " The stubborn functionary looked at it, and seeing it was not his " 'underd and thirteenth," said, t€ This aint the right hymn, I tell 'ee !" " Never mind ; you play it." " I shan't ; you play 'em your- self," said the crusty clerk, and he walked from the place. The congregation was dismissed, and the clerk was sent for. <( Do you know you have acted very im- properly to-night r" said the clergyman to him, " and if you do not make a public apology before the congrega- tion next Sunday, I shall request you to vacate your office." "What, zur ! make a public apology? Do you know I be a married man ? Do you know I be an 'underd poun' man ?" He refused to apologize, and so he lost his office, ^SfeL-_ll 74 THE MIRROR. MORAL FACULTIES. These induce obedience to the moral laws. BENEVOLENCE. Moral use: — Desire for the happiness of all. Abuse: — Misplaced sympathies. It is located at the top part ' of the head, in the front, above Comparison. When extra large it will measure, from Comparison up to Ben- evolence, 2 3-4 inches ; will sacrifice self for the sake of others. Very large, 2 5-8 inches. Delighted to do good, and will make sacrifices so as others may be happy. Large, 21-2; great kindness; lively sympathy for those, in distress. Rather large, 21-4; kind and willing to serve others. Average, 2 inches ; not much active ben- evolence, but will do good. Full, 1 3-4 ; may now and again do good, but not often. Moderate, 1 1-2; very little kindness or sympathy. Small, 1 1-4; not much kindness for any one. Very small, 1 inch ; destitute of kindness. To cultivate, be less selfish and more generous. Assist the afflicted. As for your tears, they are only drops of water ; what good can they do ? Do injury to no man. Do all the good thou canst while thou art in favor with fortune ; and thou wilt find the effects of it in time of adversity. If thy friend be in want, don't carry him to the tavern, where thou treatest thyself as much as him, and entailest thirst and headache upon him the next morning j to treat a poor wretch with a bottle of Burgundy or fill his snuff-box is like giving a fine pair of laced ruffles to a man that wants a shirt to THE MIRROR. 75 his back ; if thou meanest anything, put something into his pocket. Be charitable ,• it is certainly a most gener- ous and enlivening pleasure which results from a season- able liberality. When thou seest a man struggling under a pressure, if thou then relievest him, the human nature' within thee, which is common to you both, does, by a kind of sympathetic motion, exult and raise up itself. To be charitable in thy life-time is much more com- mendable than to be so at thy death ; for death-bed charity is something like death-bed repentance. The motive commonly to this latter is, that we can now sin no longer nor take any delight in those evil courses we have hitherto followed ; and the motive to the former is commonly (or, however, is construed so) that we can keep what we have no longer ; and so we are rather liberal of another man's goods than our own. When you give to the necessitous, do it without design to get the praise of men, and do it in mercy ; that is out of a true sense of the calamity of thy brother. Do not upbraid the poverty of another or make him mercenary and obliged. Think that it is more blessed to give than receive. Dr. Gall says, "That man is generally more good, kind, and just than he is wicked and unjust. People of simple manners — the comfortable peasant, the industrious artizan — for example, are very benevolent towards the poor. We rarely see among them an orphan who fails to meet with the assistance which its situation demands. They often treat them as they would their own children. Seldom do the poor, who knock at their doors, return empty-handed. Their direct impulse is always one of kindness towards the unfortunate.." j6 THE MIRROR. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. • Moral use : — Honesty and respect for the rights of others. Abuse : — Self-condemnation, although the char- acter is perfect. It is located above Caution and below Firmness, at each side of the head. When extra large, the head will measure, from Caution up to the top part of the head, 2 3-4 inches, and the head will take the form of a half circle from Caution to Caution over firmness. Governed by the highest order of moral principle, have a respect for the rights of others, a love of truth, will be upright, just and trustworthy, Very large, 2 5-8 and half circle ; will be scrupulously just; will make duty everything. Large, 2 1-2 and half circle ; upright and faithful ; cannot tolerate wrong. Rather large, 2 3-8 and half circle ; means well, with a desire to do what is right. Average, 2 inches ; apt to yield to temptation, but will feel re- morse. Full, 1 3-4 ; too liable to yield to temptation. Moderate, 1 1-2; some little regard for duty in feeling, but not in practice. Small, 1 1-4; very little regard for moral principle. Very small, 1 inch ; very little regard for honesty or moral principle. To cultivate, be honest and truthful. To control, suppress that feeling of guilt which is too apt to take possession of you. When testing the strength of this faculty, put your hand on the head and feel if it be half round ; if it runs up each side flat, the faculty would not be so strong. Large size would only be about average . THE MIRROR. JJ It is a fact worthy of the notice of all who are inter- ested in the religious, moral, mental and social improve- ment of the people, that if persons marry with this faculty small their children will lack moral principle. Turn back to marriage and read over very carefully what is said their about the transmission of qualities, &c. Let those with small Conscientiousness do nothing to- day that they will repent of to-morrow, and live in the world as you mean to leave it. Do well, and neither fear man nor devil. No man is without faults, yet en- deavor to have none. There will quickly be an end to you. Think what will become of you hereafter. Do your best ; then you may defy the devil to do his worst. Reject every temptation at the first assault, and the con- quest will be easy and certain. Pray often because thou sinnest often. Repent quickly, because you may die suddenly. Permit not thyself to go beyond, or defraud thy brother in any matter ; for the Lord is the avenger of all such. Perform good and virtuous actions, though thou art assured they shall never come to the world's eye. If every year you would root out one vicious habit, thou might in some time become perfect. Dare not to enrich yourself by any dishonest means ; for, in so doing, you distrust' providence, and puttest thyself out of God's protection. Often think how near thou standest to another world, and what an account thou must give there. So live now as will be most for thy comfort at death. Settle a precedent within your own mind by which to judge your actions, and accordingly encourage or correct yourself. If thy mind at any time stagger and incline to anything that is ill, think upon 78 THE MIRROR. some brave, wise and good man ; suppose him to be present and overlooking you ; then do nothing you would not be afraid or ashamed to do in his presence. Live so as to be noted for speaking and acting with truth to the utmost exactness. Never counterfeit (when thou wouldest be taken to be in earnest) so much as a look posture, gesture, or word ; for, be assured, truth and nature will set thee out infinitely better than affectation and artifice. These few lines from Shakespeare are very good on this question : " Resist beginnings. Whatso'er is ill, Though it appear light and of little moment, Think of it thus — 'That what it is augmented Would run to strong and sharp extremities ; ' Deem of it, therefore, as a serpent's egg, Which, hatched, would, as its kind, grow mischievous; Then crush it in its shell." Honesty has its reward. A poor boy had given him a sovereign, in a mistake, for a shilling. The boy ran after the gentleman and told him he had given him a sovereign in mistake. The gentleman asked him many questions, and found he had a sick mother and six younger brothers and sisters whose principal support he was. The gentleman told him he would put him to school, on which the boy replied, "Oh, sir; that would be impossible. Mother couldn't spare me. I took her home nine pence yesterday." This difficulty was re- moved, and the family was cared for. This boy had a strong sense of justice. What a contrast between him and a man of science ! The late Sir David Brewster, who wrote an article for " Good Words," in which he makes the following fa Is" statement: "Naismith, the THE MIRROR. 79 celebrated landscape painter, sent the cast of a remark- able head to his phrenological friend, Dr. Combe. The cast was carefully examined, and its high moral and intellectual developments were duly recorded and returned to the artist. But alas ! for science ; the cast had been taken from a remarkable turnip !" The above is as true as the story that is afloat to the effect that some cheese which was on exhibition, which was so exceed- ingly lively that the jury awarded it the first prize for gymnastics. A wedge of such a cheese was given at a donation party. The clergyman's wife placed it on a shelf in the cellar ; but during the night it jumped down, clambered out of the window and went back to the cheese and fitted itself in its place. This story, like Brewster's one, is to be taken for what it is worth. True, George Combe had such a cast sent him, but he detected the trick, and returned these lines pasted upon it: There was a man in Edinburgh, And he was wondrous wise ; He went into a turnip field And cast about his eyes. And when he cast his eyes about, And saw the turnips fine — "How many turnips are there ?" says he, That likeness bear to mine. "So very like they are indeed . No sage, I am sure, could know This turnip head that I have on From those that here do grow.'' 80 THE MIRROR. He pulled a turnip from the ground ; A cast from it was thrown ; He sent it to a Spurzheimite And passed it for his own. And so, indeed, it truly was His own in every sense ; For cast and joke alike were made All at his own expense. The gentleman called on Combe the next day and assured him that he meant no offence and intended only a joke. Combe replied that he treated it as such, and that if he was satisfied with his share of the wit no feeling of uneasiness remained on the other side. [Edinburgh Phrenological Journal, April, 1 87 1.] "Nine out of every ten persons, like Brewster, who object to Phrenology, are men who lack Conscientious- ness. When this faculty is small, and Secretiveness very large, the person will be a slanderer. This will account for such misrepresenting Phrenologists and Phr'enology." I would say to the reader, never accuse another, in his absence, falsely without sufficient reason. RELIGIOUS FACULTIES. These worship God in faith and spirit. VENERATION. Moral use : — To reverence God and all thit is good. Abuse: — Bigotry, superstition, &c. It is located at the top of the head, between Firmness and Benevolence. THE MIRROR. 8l When extra large, it will measure, from a line drawn from Caution to Comparison up to Veneration, 2 7-8 inches ; will experience the highest degree of devotion. Very large, 2 5-8 ; will manifest a strong love for antiquated customs, &c. Large, 2 1-2 inches; feels true devotion, and a love for divine things. Rather large, 2 1-4; has very fair respect for superiority. Average, 2 ; feels reverence and respect. Full, 1 3-4 ; will not be particularly devout. Moderate, 1 1-2; has a little reverence, with very little humility. Small, 11-4; no reverence or regard for forms of worship. Very small, 1 inch ; great irreverence and disrespect. To cultivate, study and admire all God's works. Use not commonly the name of God or the devrl, nor pas- sages o^ Holy Scriptures, nor mock anything relating to piety or devotion, nor oaths, nor coarse bye-words, nor indecent behaviour, nor mean condition. If thy com- pany fall into .it to talk profanely, dangerously, obscenely, enviously, maliciously, passionately, or foolishly, and the current be not like to turn to better conversation ; then, if it be in thy power to do it handsomely, quit the room and leave them to them- selves ; but, if thou art bound to stay, sit by uncon- cerned and make not one of the lewd gang. Thou would better seem dull, singular, precise, or anything, than be a mad-man and run a muck for company. Some persons would like to make the impression that phren- ology was hostile to religion. How such can say so we are not at a loss to know. But allow me to say this, that phrenology is the only system of mental phisosophy that gives us the power to recognize an innate faculty producing a tendency to worship and adore. 82 THE MIRROR. HOPE. Moral use : — To rely on the future for happiness, &c. Abuse : — Castle building, dabbling in lotteries, &c. It is situated at each side of Veneration, and before Con- scientiousness. When extra large (measure from the same line given in Veneration up to Hope), 2 3-4 inches ; has unbounded expectations ; lives in the future. Very large, 21-2; cheerful, expects and attempts much ; views the bright side of everything. Large, 2 1-4; though disappointed, hopes on ; expects much from the future. Rather large, 2 inches; is hopeful, not soon discouraged. Average, 1 3-4 ; hopeful, realizes about what is expected; not sanguine. Full, 1 1-2; tries to live in the future and hope for better things. Moderate, 1 1-4; too easily discouraged, attempts too little. Small, 1 inch ; lacks hope, given to despair. Very small, 3-4 of an inch • has no hope in the future. To cultivate, take cold water baths, mingle with young and lively society. To control, never buy more than you can pay for, and never hope against realities. Avoid melancholy as thou wouldest an evil spirit. Pray to God to help you, then put your hand to the work. If thou wouldest live happy, neither trust to good fortune nor sink under bad. Be not troubled at dis- appointment ; if they may be recovered, recover them; but if they can't, thy trouble is in vain. Leave cares and troubles to others and get to thyself calmness and quiet. So shalt thou possess an happiness which kings can neither keep with themselves nor suffer among their neighbors. THE MIRROR. 83 Fear not that which cannot be avoided. It is extreme folly to make thyself miserable before thy time, or to fear that which, it may be, will never come* or if it do y may possibly be converted into thy felicity, for, often it falls out that which we most feared when it comes brings YhiicYi happiness with it. Always do as the sun does — lock at the bright side of everything ; it is just as cheap and three times as good for digestion. This is anything but a hopeful lover : I must hasten and bid you good night, love, And hie me to downy repose ; For fear if I don't that next day, love, I shall want most sadly a doze. It's sweet to sit by your r-icle. love, Till eleven or twelve in the night, And whisper soft words in your ear, love, With naught but your eyes for a light. But by midnight my eyes get so dull, love ; I feel more like sleeping than wooing, And I caa hardly can keep from a gape, love, So I think I had better be going. I have talked full four hours to-night, love, And really I have nothing to say, And I fear I shall go to sleep, love, If longer you urge me to stay. MARVELOUSNESS. Moral use: — Faith in things spiritual. Abuse: — ■ Superstition and witchcraft, This faculty is located in 84 THE MIRROR. front of Hope, and between imitation and ideality. To- test the size of it, take the depth of it as in Hope, then take the callipers and measure from one side of the head to the other. When extra large, it will measure 5 inches ; credulous, superstitious, a dreamer and believer in ghosts, spirits and the like. Very large, 4 3-4; great taste for the supernatural and marvelous. Large, 41-2; faith in things spiritual. Rather large, 4 inches; the marvelous will afford the mind pleasure as well as the wonderful and the new. Average, 3 3-4 inches; admires the new and likes the wonderful if founded upon facts. Full, 3 1-2; will believe mainly from evidence. Moderate, 3 1-4 inches; believe little that cannot be accounted for. Small, 3 inches ; no regard for anything of a spiritual character, lacks faith. Very small, 2 3-4 inches ; no taste for either the wonder- ful or the new. To cultivate, meditate more upon Divine things. To control, confine yourself more to the practical things of life. Never oppose nor contradict a generally received doctrine when there are no evil consequences attending it. What thou canst comprehend of divine things, believe ; and what thou canst believe, admire. There is a story told of a man who was small in this faculty. He could not be made to believe in anything except he saw it. He was told that the earth evet turned round. He said he would not believe it, because he had watched the well before his door for several nights, and he always found the water at the bottom of the well with- out a drop being spilt out of it, which, if the earth turned round, it would have been all spilt, and which proved that the earth did not turn round. THE MIRROR. PROGRESSIVE FACULTIES. These prompt to progress, refinement and human elevation. IMITATION. Moral use : — To imitate that which is good in others* Abuse: — Servile imitation, parrot like. It is located on each side of Benevolence. To ascertain the size cor- rectly, mark the distance above the line as given in Marvelousness, then take the callipers and measure from one side to the other of the head. When extra large, 4 1-2 inches ; talent to mimic, to copy or take patterns. Artists require it to be successful. Very large, 4 1-4; great talent to imitate in gesture and manner. v ' Large, 4 inches ; have very good ability to copy anvthing. Rather large, 3 3-4 inches ; imitates pretty well. Average, 31-2; copy very well, but not remarkable for it. Full, 31-4; can imitate, but poorly. Moderate, 3 inches ; have very little inclination to do as others do. Small, 2 3-4 ; very awkward in copying anything. Very small, 2 1-2 inches; no capacity to imitate. To cultivate, study to imitate all that is good in others — virtue, morality, and religion, To control, be more original and less parrot-like. Parents ought to be very careful as to their habits, for their children are too apt to imitate them in those things that would not be creditable to child or parent. When Conscientiousness :s small, and this faculty strong, the mind will be apt to S6 THE MIRROR. forge. % Wealthy parents might have protected their sons 'from becoming forgers if they had understood this J subject, or trained their children according to Phrenology. What more striking example to read a case of this kind . in the public papers. Horatio Lester Fletcher (the son of the Rev. Mr. Fletcher), who has been sen- tenced to a term of imprisonment for committing ex- tensive frauds on the Belston Savings Bank. He was found guilty and sentenced to three years penal servitude. I hope the day will come when every parent will have the head of every child examined, so that if one or more faculties are strong that are likely to interfere with its fature success, that the parents will be able to check and correct, and so improve the mind that the child will never bring a blemish to the fair fame of their parents The following hints will be useful : Indulge not thy mind in feeding itself upon imagination, which is either vain, unprofitable or impossible. Whatever thou seest laudable in others endeavor to attain thyself. Imitate what is good wheresoever thou findest it, though among Turks, Jews, Pagans, or heretics ; and abominate evil, though in thy nearest friend. The best pattern follow, and be happy. Do nothing by base imitation, for that is the right way to become a silly fellow and an hypocrite. Let all thy actions proceed from vital prin- ciples of reason in thyself, and, when thou seest rare examples, let them serve thee only to awaken and rouse thy innate virtue. "* Do not get into that vile custom of mocking; it is, of all injuries, the least pardonable; it is the language of contempt, and the plainest way by THE MIRROR. 87 which it makes itself understood ; it attacks a man in his innermost intrenchments, the good opinion he hath of himself; it aims at making him ridiculous in his own eyes, and thus convincing him that the person who mocks him cannot have a worse disposition towards him ; renders him irreconcilable. Never take part with those who drink strong drink. It will never do you J any good to imitate such. Sir Walter Scott says : "Of all vices, drinking is the most incompatible with great- ness ; not only so, but it is incompatible with economy, decency, health, and honest living. " The following case will prove that clergymen ought to set a good example to their people to imitate. It ran thus : One I day the clergyman cailed to see a family by the name of Saunders. Saunders was, it so happened, drunk. Miss Saunders tried to remove her father into another room, but he would not go, saying, "I hae as muckle need o* the minister's visitations as any o' ye." The minister enters and says to Saunders, "I see you have been drink- 1 ing, and you have taken, I think, a little too much ; it is a sad thing you cannot stop when you have had enough." "Weel, sir, that is a thing I never could tell — when I had enough. I ken tell when I hae some, and when I hae ower muckle, but I never ken when I hae enough. " "I am sure, Saunders, you must do many a foolish action when you are in that state." "Na dou't I do, sir ; but yea thing I am sure of I never drunk or sober, did sic a foolish looking thing as ride on twa saddles and not know of it. That is a thing I wad na hae done the fu'st time ever I was. I am na saying that you was fu' ; na, na ! May-be you S8 THE MIRROR. had'na tasted ; but if I had done it they would say that I was fu\" "Saunders, did I not tell you the last time I talked with you that I would give you a new coat if you would abstain for twelve months?" "You did sir, I maun allow, but if I were to abstain fra drinking for twelve months may-be I could gie you a new coat as well as you could gie me one. It's when I am drink- ing that I hae the most need of a coat." The minister said to Miss Saunders, "I will not proceed any further at present ; I have been very much put about by your father; I will call again upon you at an early day.' Miss Saunders cried out, "Father i father ! what do you mean?" Saunders, replied, "Hoots, woman; I think we got on nicely ; I had as much to say in the visitation as the minister had ; in fact, we gaed on just like twa reading verse about." HUMOROUSNESS. Moral use : — To be happy, cheerful, joyful. Abuse : — Ridicule, &c. It is located by the side of Casuality, and immediately before Ideality. When extra large, it will measure, with callipers, 4 3-4 inches ; will be very fond of fun and jokes ; will laugh, and like to see others do the same. Very large, 4 1-2; will enjoy a hearty laugh at the absurdities of others. Large, 41-2; pos- sess a high mirthful feeling. Rather large, 4 inches ; has a relish for the humorous, and enjoys fun. ^ Average, 3 3-45 enjoys the humorous, but cannot make much THE MIRROR. 89 fun. Full, 3 1-2; has some little taste for the humor- ous. Moderate, 3' 1-4; seldom makes fun, &c. ; don't like to be laughed at. Small, 3 inches ; dislikes drol- lery and humor. Very small ; sad and sullen ; no con- ception of fun. To cultivate, read witty books and keep the company of mirthful people. To control, avoid turning every- thing into ridicule. Remember that mirth and mischief are two things. If thou makest others afraid of thy wit, thou hadst need be afraid of their memory. Seek not to please and gratify company by saying or doing anything that thou mayect have reason to repent of by thyself afterwards. Abstain from wanton, dissolute and foolish laughter, from petulant and uncomely jests, jeer- ing, loud talking ; and all such things as in civil account are indecencies and incivilities. Jeer not any one ; it demonstrates thy contempt of him ; because, when thou jeerest, and puttest him to the blush, thou intendest not profit, but pleasure by it ; and it is hugely immodest and ignoble to take delight in confounding another, and exposing him to scorn or laughter, except it be in such small things as can bring no sort of disgrace. In thy conversation or writing make not too much use of fancy and flights of wit ; it begets vain and puerile ideas, which tends neither to make us wiser nor better, nor more acceptible. Thy thoughts should be produced by good sense and right reason, and ought always to be the effect of thy judgment. I earnestly advise thee not to lay prudence bye when thou takest up railery and jest- ing ; though they may be agreeable to some who are not touched, yet they usually offend more than they gO THE MIRROR. please; one shall often see this sort of wit among them- selves begin in jest, and play like puppies, and soon end in earnest and quarrel. Beware of sullen silence in company, and discontented looks, thy eye turning to all while thy face standeth still. It will be thought thou dislikest them all, and censurest what every one speaks or does, The following is a very good joke that quelled a storm. It runs thus : " Colonel Jones and Major Smith were neighbors ; they were both men of property, were good citizens, and extremely popular. They were men of tried courage, and had been engaged in many a skirmish. Like most men of their day, Jones and Smith would occasionally go on a spree, and their frolics were often protracted until late in the evening. Their pleas- ure on such occasions was frequently damped by the thought of their wives at home, who, like Tarn O'Shanter's good dame, sat nursing their wrath to keep it warm. One night, after having kept up their frolic until a late hour, they returned home, where Colonel Jones found his wife waiting for him with "a countenance that foretold a storm. The Colonel, whose face had never blanched before an enemy, quailed before the just indignation of his better half. Instead of going to bed he took a seat, and, resting his elbows on his knees, with his face in his hands, seemed to be completely absorbed in grief, sighing heavily, and uttering such exclamations as, •« Poor Smith 1" " Poor fellow !" His wife kept silent as long as possible ; but at last, overcome by curiosity and anxiety, inquired in a sharp tone, " What is the matter with Smith ?" " Ah !" says the Colonel, THE MIRROR. 9I " his wife is giving him fits now !" Mrs. Jones was mollified bv the joke, and her wrath dissolved. IDEALITY. Moral use : — Desire for perfection. Taste for the lovely and beautiful. Abuse : — Extravagant great love for all that is showy. It is located on each side of the head above the temples, below Marvellousness, and at the back of Humorousness. When extra large, this part of the head will measure with callipers, 5 3-4 inches; an extravagant love for the showy, glary, &c. Very large, 5 5-8 inches; refinement and tasre arFcrcs the mind pleasure, also poetry. Large, 5 1-2 inches; grea: taste for the lovely and beautiful in nature. Rather large, 5 1-4.; poetry and refinement will afford the mind pleasure. Average, 47-8; enjoys magnificent scenes, but nothing remarkable. Full, 4 1-2; evinces a good share of taste, but prefers the plain to the ornamental. Moderate, 4 1-4; plain in expression, very little deli- cacy in feeling. Small, 4 inches ; lacks taste and re- finement of feeling. Very small, 3 1-2; no taste, apt to be rough, vulgar and gross in manners. To cultivate, avoid all persons of disgusting habits, who are given to drinking or swearing. To control, be less fastidious and ornamental. This faculty, strong and large intellect, will give the mind a talent for the fine arts, poetry, &c. gZ THE MIRROR. SUBLIMITY. Moral use : — Sense of grandeur in nature and art. Abuse : — Bombast, &c . It is located between Caution and Ideality. When extra large, it will measure with callipers 6 1-8 inches ; gives a strong passion for the wild and romantic. Very large,, 6 inches ; appreciates and admires the grand and sublime. Large, 5 3-4 inches; fond to contemplate the vast and magnificent. Rather large, 5 1-2 inches; a fair feeling for the grand and sublime. Average, 5 1-4 inches ; enjoys the sublime and magnificent, but nothing very remarkable. Full, 5" inches; has a little conception; of grandeur, but nothing very vivid. Moderate, 4 3-4 ; has very little conception of grandeur. Small, 4 1-2 inches ; not any conception of the sublime. Very small, 4 1-4.; has no sublime emo- tions whatever. To cultivate, admire the grand in nature. To control, be less bombastic. INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. Perceptive groups : — These bring the mind into* direct intercourse with the physical world, and takes cognizance of facts, phenomena and the conditions and qualities of things, and remembers them. INDIVIDUALITY. Moral use : — To perceive and remember that which is useful. Abuse : — Staring and impudently observing^ It is located at the lower part of the forehead, imme- THE MIRROR. 93 diately above the top of the nose. When extra large it gives breadth between the eyebrows, and will measure back to the centre of the Zygomatic arch 3 inches. To get at the centre of this arch, take the orifice of the ear and the outer point of the eye, then strike a centre be- tween them with a foot rule. Extra large, 3 inches ; have a very strong desire to see and know all about everything. Very large, 2 7-8 inches ; a great observer of men and things. Large, 2 3-4 ; remarkably quick at observing ; a desire to see, know and examine. Rather large, 2 1-2 ; has very good observing powers, with a desire to see and know things. Average, 2 inches ; observes only conspicuous objects, and requires things at times to be thrust on the mind. Full, 1 3-4; not very apt to observe very much. Moderate, 1 1-2 ; very deficient in observing anything. Small, 1 1-4; very rarely sees anything, no taste for particulars. Very small, 1 inch ; no perception of facts. To cultivate, observe all things attentively that comes within the range. To control, do not stare so much and think a little more. This faculty must be large to study Botany, Anatomy, Geology, or any of the kindred sciences. A person with this faculty very large, strong and reflec- tive powers, with an active temperament, will be a sound thinker,. FORM. It is located between the eyes. When extra large it gives great width. It will measure with the callipers 94 THE MIRROR. I 3-4 inches. Will possess the capacity to recognize persons to an extraordinary degree, would make a good portrait artist. Very large, 1 1-2 ; excellent memory of persons, and a very accurate perception of form. Large, 1 1-4; good perception of form and configura- tion in general. Rather large, 1 inch ; has a fair recol- lection of shapes, &c. Average, 7-8 of an inch ; per- ceives some little, but nothing remarkable. Full, 3-4 of an inch ; some perception, but not anything very vivid. Moderate, 5-8 of an inch ; has some little perception of forms, but rather poor. Small, 1-2 of an inch ; a mis- erable memory of persons. Very small, 3-8 of an inch; no perception of form whatever. To cultivate, try to form and shape everything you see. SIZE. This faculty is located at the inner corner of the eye, on each side of Individuality and above Form. When extra large it will measure with callipers 2 inches. Will measure accurately with the eye, proportions, angles and perpendiculars. It gives the artist the talent to draw per- spective. It is essential in the study of geometry. Good engravers, mechanics and architects require it. Very large, 1 7-8 ; will measure very accurately dis- tances vvirh the eye, and good at perpendiculars, angles and proportions. Large, 1 3-4; possesses a very good share of measuring power. Rather large, 1 1-2; has fair perceptions of size, space and proportion. Average, 1 1-4 ; can measure with the eye, but not very ac- THE MIRROR. 95 curately. Full, i inch ; will be obliged to rely on ac- tual measurement. Moderate, 3-4 of an inch ; very poor judgment of bulk, quantity, distance, &c. Small, 5-8 of an inch ; will be very inaccurate in measuring with the eye. Very small, has no ability to perceive size. To cultivate, judge size, proportions and dis- tances, then measure with rule and tape. To control, do not allow disproportions to disturb and annoy you. WEIGHT. Is located at each side of Individuality and next to Size. When extra large, it will measure with a rule 3 inches from it to the Zygomatic arch. Great talent for judging of mechanical forces. An intuitive percep- tion of specific gravity, &c. Very large, 2 7-8 inches; intuitive perception of weight and mechanical forces, &c. Large, 2 3-4 inches; a very good perception of mechan- ical forces and judge of weight. Rather large, 21-2; can judge weight pretty well. Average, 2 inches ; a fair perception, but not anything remarkable. Full, 134; can judge weight some little, but not very ac- curately. Moderate, 1 1-2 ; not accurate as a judge of weight. Small, 1 1-4; cannot judge weight. Very small, I inch ; not any perception of weight. COLOR. Located next to Weight, over the eye, in the centre of the eyebrow. When extra large it will measure back 96 THE MIRROR. to the arch 2 7-8 inches. Good talent to judge shades, tints, hues, &c, It is very large in the heads of land- scape painters and gardeners. Very large, 2 3-4 ; will be able to discriminate with accuracy colors and shades. Large 2 5-8 ; can discern colors very well. Rather large, 23-8; a pretty good taste for colors. Average, I 7-8 ; fair perception of colors and their shades, but nothing remarkable. Full, 1 3-4 ; with practice might judge colors. Moderate, 1 5-8 ; may tell the primitive colors from each other, but not much more. Small, 1 3-8 ; can hardly distinguish one color from another* Very small, y-S of an inch ; cannot perceive one color from another. There was a gentleman in Dublin who was very fond of drawing, he painted his trees red instead of green. A young man, who wished to learn the haber- dashery business in Edinburgh, was so deficient in this organ, that he could scarcely tell the difference between red and yellow. An amateur student approached Mr, Opie, the great historical painter, with the question, "Pray, sir, may I ask what you mix your colors with?" " With brains, sir," was the prompt reply. When young men are small in this facuity, they will never do for painters, gardeners or drapers. It is very advisable that parents should understand the talents of their child- ren before placing them to trades or professions ; by so doing money, time, &c, would and could be saved. RELATIVE PERCEPTIVE FACULTIES. These perceive and remember the relations of things* in time, place and number. ' 1 THE MIRROR. 97 LOCALITY. Located at each side of Individuality, above Weight. When extra large it measures back to the centre of the arch 3 inches. Gives the mind a strong geographical talent. Possesses an excellent memory for localities. Gives a passion for traveling. Very large, 2 j-S ; ex- cellent memory for places ; great talent for geography. Large, 2 3-4 ; a great desire to see places, and can remember them. Rather large, 2 1-2 ; remembers locali- ties and their relative positions very well. Average, 2 inches ; a fair memory of places, but apt to get lost in a large town or forest. Full, 1 3-4; has but a faint recol- lection of places, very apt to get lost. Moderate, 1 1-2; no natural taste for geography. Small, 1 1-4 ; no ca- pacity to remember places. Very small, 1 inch ; no talent for geography. NUMBER. It is located at the external angle of the eye, at the back of Order. When extra large, it will measure, from one side to the other, 4 7-8 inches. Gives an ex- cellent memory for numerical and mental arithmetic ; great power to calculate, substract and divide. Very large, 43-4; excellent talent for numbers. Large, 45-8; very good arithmetical talent, and will excel with practice. Rather large, 41-2; possesses very good calculating power. Average, 4 1-4; can learn to figure with practice. Full, 4 1-8; will add and calculate with 98 THE MIRROR. some difficulty. Moderate, 4 inches ; will be rather dull in figures. Small, 3 3-4; very little talent for numbers. Very small, 3 1-2 inches ; no talent for numbers. Teachers ought to understand this subject, and train their pupils according to the talent they possess. Homer could not multiply. Beethoven used to make long lines of twos, some yards long, to find out how many twice twenty made. He ordered his cook to buy a number of things which he wrote down with the prices attached and the total added up below. The tradesman found mistakes in summing up and corrected them, but not without some severe reflections on the great composer's ignorance of w T hat every school-boy knew. ' Sydney Smith, the great political philosopher, it was impossible to teach him figures. Horace Wal- pole said, " I am a woeful arithmetician. I could never learn my multiplication. Alexander Dumas could never master short division. Sheridan, the great orator, who was about being made Chancellor of the Exchequer, could not work a sum up in long division. Lord Lyttel- ton, once the Chancellor of the Exchequer, never in his life could learn that two and two are four. Leigh Hunt was unable to deal with the simplest question in arith- metic. Lord Byron cursed the bills he was two hours in adding up, one under #30. He said that if the old demon Eldon decided mens' sanity by figures, he should be consigned to durance vile. Washington Irving was very backward in sums. He used to change tasks with the boys ; he would write their themes, while ihcy would work his sums. George Combe could never master figures. Lady Eskdale said to a number of friends that THE MIRROR. 99 there were 230 voters still unpolled, and Mr. Mullens assures me that of these we are sure of 120 or 130, I forget which ; and, do you see, we must substract 130 from 250, and 287 from 130, and then add — . No that is not right. Sums are difficult, but that the result would give us a majority I know, because Mr. Mullens says so. Lady Mary Montague, writing to her daughter, the I Countess of Bute : " I am pleased to hear that my eldest grandchild is a good arithmetician ; it is the best proof of understanding. The knowledge of numbers is one of the chief distinctions between us and the brutes. " It is evident that this lady did not know anything of the human mind, or she would not have wrote such non- • sense. Her grandchild would be no less a woman if she, like Lord Lyttelton, could not learn that two and two are four. O R D ER. It is located between Color and Number. When extra large it will measure back to the centre of the arch 2 1-2 inches. Will be perfectly systematic, particular to have a place for everything, and everything in its place. When the temperament is very active, then the person will be apt to over-work, and become an annoy- ance to all who are in the way. Very large, 2 3-8 inches j very precise, and a great lover of o*der and system. Large, 2 1-4; love to have things in their proper places ; very much annoyed when not in place. Rather large, 2 ; fond of order, and will evince a good share of system. Average, 1 3-4; likes order, but will IOO THE MIRROR. not be systematic in it. Full, I 1-2 ; likes, but will not keep order in anything. Moderate, 1 1-8 ; rather careless about putting things in their proper places. Small, 7-8 of an inch ; great want of method, careless and slovenly. Very small, 3-4 of an inch ; no regard for system, method, or order. EVENTUALITY Is located in the centre of the forehead, above Indi- viduality and below Comparison. When extra large, it will measure back to the centre of the Zygomatic arch 3 1-8 inches. Gives a very retentive memory of his- torical facts, and will remember vividly the occurrences related in books, &c. Very large, 2 7-8 ; a strong' memory for events, talent for history. Large, 2 3-4 ; a very good memory for things in general. Rather large, 2 1-2 ; a good general memory with practice. Average, 2 inches ; very fair recollection of leading events. Full, 1 3-4; a very poor memory for particulars. Moderate, 1 1-2, very forgetful of details. Small, 1 1-4; forgets nearly everything ; no memory for dates, &c. Very small, 1 inch ; no mind, or memory, or taste for facts, events, &c. To cultivate, charge your mind by recalling what has been read and heard. Smoking, snuffing, and drinking alcoholic liquors will destroy memory. TIME. It is located in the middle region of the forehead, on each side of Eventuality and above Color and Order. THE MIRROR. IOI When extra large, It will measure back to the centre of the arch 2 3-4 inches; can tell the time of day as correctly as if they had a time-piece. Very large, 2 5-8 ; an excellent talent for time by intuition. Large, 2 1-2; very good talent for the perception of time in music. Rather large, 2 3-8 ; perception of time, with a fair memory for the duration of time. Average, 1 7-8 ; perceives and remembers time pretty well with practice. Full, I 1-2 ; poor perception of time in music. Moderate, 1 1-4; have a very imperfect idea of time. Small, 1 inch ; fall very far short of keeping correct time. Very small, 3.4 of an inch ; no talent for time, •fails to be punctual. To cultivate, time every thing and be regular in all habits. Be punctual even in small matters, as meeting a friend, restoring a book ; for fail- ing in little will bring thee to fail in greater, and always render thee suspected, and thou shalt never after be con- fided in. TUNE. It is located between Time and Constructiveness, over Order and Number. When extra large, the head will measure, with Callipers, from one side to the other, 5 1-2 inches ; gives extraordinary musical taste and talent. The temperament, as well as the measurement^ must be taken into consideration when testing its strength. Very large, 51-4; has a very fine perception of concord and discord; enchanted with good music. Large, 5 1-8; has very good musical talent. Rather large, 4 7-8 ; with practice will show very fine musical talent. 102 THE MIRROR. Average, 4 5-8 ; taste for melody and natural music. Full, 4 3-8 ; has some little taste, but lacks musical talents, Moderate, 4 inches ; learn to play tunes with great difficulty, except the temperament be very active. Small, 3 3-4; very little perception of music. Very small, 3 1-2 ; no talent whatever for music. Large Tune, Ideality, and Intellect are required to com- pose music. Many take music lessons to no purpose. It would be well for society to understand this subject of Phrenology. Money would not be wasted, and time lost, on the mind that was without musical talent. " Tune gives the perception of melody ; but this is only one in- gredient in a genius for music. Tune is requisite to a just perception of intervals, to the proper appreciation of harmony. Secretiveness and Imitation to produce expression. Weight, Form and Individuality, large, with fine Temperament, these give great musical talent." EXPRESSIVE AND REFLECTIVE FACULTIES. This group perceives and remembers the relation of other perceptions, investigates cases, and expresses ideas in words, &c. LANGUAGE. It is located behind the eye. When extra large, the eye will be pushed outwards and downwards, swelling out the bottom eye-lid 5-8 of an inch. Gives a talent THE MIRROR. IO3 to study languages with great facility. Very large, 1-2 an inch. Can be very fluent and exceedingly expressive. Large, 7-16 of an inch ; an excellent perception and memory of words. Rather large, 3-8 of an inch; commands a fair share of words; fluent when excited. Average, 5-16; have very fair communicative talents, with practice. Full, 1-4 of an inch; rather barren in expression ; may write better than speak. Moderate, 3-16; has poor communicative talent, hesitates for words. Small, 1-8 of an inch ; can hardly remember words. Very small, 1-16 of an inch ; no verbal mem- ory for words. To cultivate, talk of what you have seen and read as often as you can. Whenever thou per- ceivest the least motion of anger within thee, make haste to check it as thou wouldst to quench a fire in thy house ; and be sure to keep strict watch over thy tongue, that it breaks not out into provoking expressions, for that breath will blow up the fire, not only in thy antagonist, but in thyself. COMPARISON. • This faculty i3 located above Eventuality. When extra large, it will measure, from a perpendicular line drawn from the centre of the Zygomatic Arch to Com- parison, 2 7-8 inches. A wonderful talent for analogy will be very critical. Very large, 2 3-4; an excellent talent for comparing, explaining, criticizing and expos- ing. Large, 2 5-8 ; perceives analogies and their re- lation to principles very well. Rather large, 23-8: 104 THE MIRROR. possess a fair share of clearness and demonstrative. Average, 17-8; perceives analogies, but fails to carry them out in principle. Full, 1 1-2 ; may perceive striking similarities, but overlook others. Moderate, 1 1-4; rather poor to explain and clear up points. Small, I inch ; very poor talent for drawing inferences. Very small, 3-4 of an inch ; no capacity to reason by analogy. CAUSALITY. It is located at each side of comparison. The measurements are taken from the same line as in Com- parison. Extra large, 2 7-8 ; great talent for meta- physical speculations and abstract reasoning. Very large, 2 3-4 ; great desire to know the why and where- fore of things, displays originality of mind. Large, 2 5-8; can trace causation with considerable clearness. Rather large, 2 3-8 ; reasons and adapts means to _nds very fair. Average, 1 7-8 ; adapts means to ends very Well, but not a reasoner. Full, 1 t-2 ; poor perception of causation ; cannot deal with ideas in the abstract. Moderate, 1 1-4; very seldom arrange* things before hand. Small, 1 inch; deficient in planning and reason- ing power. Very small, 3-4 of an inch ; no capacity to trace effect to cause, thoughtless and foolish. To cultivate, think and read, plan and construct, and make as much use of your own mind as you can. A few hints will be useful on this faculty. Out of the books you read extract what you like ; then single THE MIRROR. IO5 out some particulars from the rest for that day's medi- tation. So long as the meat lies whole upon the stomach, it is a burthen to us ; but upon digestion, it passeth into strength and blood. And so it fares with our studies. So long as they be whole they pass into the memory without affecting the understanding and affections ; but upon meditation they become our own, and supply us with strength and virtue. You may as well expect to grow stronger by always eating, as wiser by always reading ; too much overcharges nature, and turns more into disease than nourishment. HUMAN NATURE Is located above Comparison and below Benevolence. When extra large, this part oi' the head will stand out 2 3-4 inches from the line taken from the centre of the arch ; a strong talent for the study of physiognomy. Very large, 2 5-8 ; can form a very correct judgment as to character. Large, 21-2; can read men well from their looks. Rather large, 23-8; have very fair talent for reading character. Average, 2 inches ; with practice could read character very fairly. Fall, 1 3-4; not any extra talent for reading character. Moderate, 1 1-2; very poor hand to read character. S.nall, 1 1-4; will be very apt to be imposed upon by others. Very small ; no taste or talent for the study of human nature. To cultivate; scan closely the actions of all men. A great physiologist, when lecturing before his class, said, pointing to himself, " This is the work you must study if you wish to become eminent in your professions. " I06 THE MIRROR. AGREEABLENESS. It is located above Causality, and at each side of Hu- man Nature. When extra large it will measure with the callipers 4 1-4 inches ; will possess a very persuasive and conciliatory manner. Very large, 4 inches ; very polite and agreeable in company. Large, 3 1-2; very pleasing and persuasive in manner. Rather large, 3 inches; very pleasant and agreeable. Average, 2 3-4 ; can show a good share of pleasantness at times. Full, 2 1-2; not at all pleasant or persuasive. Moderate, 2 1-4; will fail sadly to win the good graces of others. Small, 2 1-8; very disagreeable and unpleasant. Very small, 2 inches ; a pest to society; a very sour temper. To culti- vate, study and practise politeness to all classes of society; try it and you will find that civility is a fortune. It is a well known fact that a courteous man generally succeeds well in life. The famous Duke of Marlborough is a case in point. It was said of him by a contemporary, that his agreeable manners often converted an enemy into a friend; and by another, that it was more pleasing to be denied a favor by his Grace than to receive one from ► most men. The gracious manner of Charles James Fox preserved him from general dislike, even at the time when he was, politically, the most unpopular man in the kingdom. History is full of such examples of success obtained by civility. The experience of every man fur- nishes, if we but recall the past, frequent instances where conciliatory manners have made the fortunes of physicians, lawyers, divines, politicians, merchants, and indeed, in- dividuals of all pursuits. TESTIMONIALS. Birkenhead, October 4, 186 1. Prof. P. Graham examined my head, and I give him this testimonial, testifying to the value of his system of Phrenology. All his measurements agree with the facts. Joseph Baylee, D. D. Principal of £k Aidan's College. Prof. P. Graham's delineations of character are very accurate. I have known him for many years, and he is a gentleman I have the highest opinion of. Rev. Dr. Blakeney, L. L.D. A T civ Brighton, i860. Prof. P. Graham's measurements, to my great surprise, correspond with every feature of my character. Rev. Dr. Poggi, Principal of New Brighton College. Clang hton, 1860* Prof. P. Graham with his measurements is a complete master of the science of phrenology. He was very correct in his delineations of my character. Rev. W. D.Bentley, of St Aidan's College. Liverpool, 1863. Prof. P. Graham very carefully delineated my character. To test his system, I had my head examined a second time, and his second measurement and chart agreed with the first examina- tion. Henry Claughton, Naval Architect. Abbey Toivn, 1866. It affords me great pleasure to bear testimony to Prof. P. Graham's great ability as a practical Phrenologist. Rev. A. Ashworth, M. A. TESTIMONIALS— CONTINUED. Ebbey Vale, 1863. Prof. P. Graham is a very able delineator of character. Rev. W. Hughes, London, 1862. A vast amount of real and lasting good resulted from Prof. P. Graham's examinations of character. Dr. Day. London, 1862. Prof. P. Graham's examinations were productive of much good to our people. W. Swindlehurst, Esq. London, 1862. Prof. P. Graham's delineations of character were very cor- rect and gave great satisfaction. George Ling, Esq. Ellin g, 1862. Prof. P. Graham's measurements and charts of character agree very correctly with the characters of those examined. Wm, Bond, Esq.' Pont/ract, 1868. Your examinations give our people great satisfaction. Edward Tyer, Esq. Birkenhead, 1S66. Prof. P. Graham has a great work in hand, and his vigorous powers have done much for the people. Rev. R. H. Lundie, M. A. Prof. P. Graham is a complete master of the science of phrenology. Edinburgh News, 1862. Prof. P. Graham is a very clever delineator of character. Potter's Paper, Feb. 1869. We strongly advise parents to consult Prof. P. Graham about their children's talents Bamsley Chronicle, 1S67. Prof, P. Graham's delineations of character were well patron- ized. Chorley Standard, 1868. Prof. P. Graham's charts of character gave our people very great satisfaction. Penrith Observer, 1S66. PROFESSOR P. GRAHAM, TUERS AVE., BERGEN CITY. N. J. Frank Leslie's Publications, CLUB TERMS. Illustrated Newspaper. Five copies one year, in one wrapper, to one address, $20 ; with extra copy to person getting up club. Chimney Corn9i\ Five copies one year, in one wrapper, to one address, $20 ; with extra copy to person getting up club. Illustrirte Zeitung v One copy one year, $4. Five copies, $15. Bays' & Girls' Weekly. Three copies, $6.50. Five copies. $10 : and $2 for every additional subscrip- tion. Postmasters sending subscriptions of ten will be entitled to receive Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper or Frank Leslie's Chimnky Corxbb tor one year. Budget of Fun. Four copies, $■!» ; with extra copy to person getting up club. Pleasant Hours. Four copies, $0 ; with extra copy to person getting up club. Lady's Magazine. Four copies one year, in one wrapper, to one address, $14 ; witb extra copy to person getting up club. One copy Lady's Magazine and Illustrated Newspaper. one year, $7. One copy Chimney Corner and Lady's Magazine, one year. $7. One copy Illustrated Newspaper or Chimney Corner and Pleasant Hours, $5. One copy Illustrated Neirspiper or Chimney Corner and Budget, $5. One copy one year. Illustrated Newspaper, Chimney Cvr.er and Lady's Magazine, flvl LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Frank Leslie's PMA^LWl 1 Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, Weekly, 10 Cents, or $4 a Year. Frank Leslie's Chimney Corner, Weekly, 10 Cents, or $4 a Year. Frank Leslie's Illustrirte Zeitung, Weekly, 10 Cents, or $4 a Year. Frank Leslie's Lady's Journal, Weekly,. 10 Cents, or $4 a Year. Frank Leslie's Tag fur Tag (German), Weekly, 10 Cents, or $4 a Year. Frank Leslie's Gartenlaube (German\ Weekly, 6 Cents, or $3 a Year. Frank Leslie's Boys' and Girls' Weekly, 5 Cents, or $2.50 a Year. Frank Leslie's Budget of Fun, 15 Cents, or $1.50 a Year. Frank Leslie's Lady's Magazine, Monthly-$3.50 a Year. Frank Leslie's Pleasant- Hour?, Monthly, 15 Cents, or $150 a Year. Frank Leslie's Illustrated Almanac, 50 Cents. Frank Leslie's Comic Almanac, 15 Cents. J^XtJLlVK: LESLIE, £33*7 3?oarl Street, WeTe TlTcxrlaL.