/ 
 
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 Book— 
 
 COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 
 
pHSHESH5HSE5ESHSHSH5H5HSHSHSESH5E5H5nE51ELSH5HHH 
 
 I GERMAN 
 
 IwiTH OR WITHOUT A MASTER 
 
 FORMING WITH 
 
 metbode Berlitz 
 
 A THOROUGH AND EASY COURSE FOR 
 SELF-INSTRUCTION OR SCHOOLS 
 
 8 
 
 ffi GUIDE FOR PREPARING THE LESSONS 
 
 BY 
 
 M. D>. BERLITZ 
 
 I i 
 
 NEW YORK : 
 
 Berlitz & Co. , Madison Square 
 
VERB DRILL. 
 
 A THOROUGH COURSE IN 
 
 THE FRENCH VERBS 
 
 BY 
 
 CONSTANT PRACTICE IN CONVERSATION. 
 
 FOLLOWED BY 
 
 Rules on the use of Moods and Tenses, 
 with Exercises. 
 
 By M. D. BERLITZ. 
 Price, 50 Cents. 
 
 The German Verb 
 
 IN PROSE AND RHYME. 
 
 Giving practice in various forms of the irregular verbs 
 
 by short stories and pieces of poetry, followed 
 
 by complete conjugation tables , and 
 
 explanations of idioms. 
 
 By O H. L. SCHWETZKV. 
 
 Price, 25 Cents. 
 
 BERLITZ & CO., Madison Square, New York. 
 
GERMAN 
 
 WITH OR WITHOUT A MASTER 
 
 FORMING WITH 
 
 metbode Berlitz 
 
 A THOROUGH AND EASY COURSE FOR 
 SELF-INSTRUCTION OR SCHOOLS 
 
 GUIDE FOR PREPARING THE LESSONS 
 
 BY 
 
 OCT 25 1397 
 
 NEW YORK : 
 
 Berlitz & Co. , Madison Square 
 

 Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1897, by 
 
 BERLITZ & CO., 
 In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C 
 
 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 
 
 Press .of 
 
 M. J. Pendergast, 137 West 23d Street, 
 
 New York. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 This little work is designed to be used together 
 with the „9fletl)obe 23erli£," erfteS 23ud), for the following 
 purposes, the student preparing each lesson with the 
 "Guide" and then reading and reciting the lesson in 
 the "Method " until he is perfectly familiar with every 
 expression : 
 
 (1) For self -instruction : the student in such case 
 reads each lesson over several times aloud and 
 then asks himself the questions of the book, answering 
 them. 
 
 (2) For reciprocal instruction in clubs or parties of 
 friends, each member alternately taking the role of 
 the teacher, asking the questions and letting the others 
 answer in turn. This has the advantage over self- 
 instruction in that the ear is more thoroughly drilled in 
 catching the foreign sounds by hearing other peoples 
 voices, and that each student will be able, in his turn, 
 to correct some mistakes made by his fellow-students 
 
 (3) For schools in which a course in conversation 
 is desired besides the ordinary course in grammar 
 and translation, both courses being followed in this 
 book. 
 
 (4) For schools that have large classes or cannot 
 give a great deal of time to German ; as in this book 
 the students find pronunciation and other difficulties 
 thoroughly explained, so that they can do a great deal 
 of work outside of their recitations. 
 
11 PREFACE 
 
 The advantages claimed for this method are : 
 
 (a) The lessons are mostly based on object-teach- 
 ing ; this results in the student's associating perception 
 directly with the foreign expressions ; he thus is soon 
 able to think in the foreign idiom. 
 
 (b) Nearly all of the lessons are in shape of conver- 
 sation, in order to give continual drill to the student's 
 ear and tongue. 
 
 (c) The most useful is always taught first, the 
 student's mind not being encumbered with rules and 
 word forms that he cannot immediately use and 
 will forget again before needing them. 
 
 (d) Where rules are to be given, they are illustra- 
 ted by striking examples, so that even those who are 
 not good grammarians can fully understand them. 
 
 (e) The pronunciation of all difficult words or ex- 
 pressions is as carefully transcribed as possible, thus 
 the students need not constantly rely on their teacher 
 and can, if necessary, progress entirely without him. 
 
 (/) All idioms or other difficulties are carefully 
 explained in order to emancipate the students from 
 their teacher as much as possible. 
 
 By editing this work we, of course, do not at all 
 mean to contradict our opinion, so frequently express- 
 ed and defended, that in schools where German is 
 taught by native instructors and where the classes are 
 small, it is far better to avoid all translation and to 
 learn the pronunciation from the teacher Consequent- 
 ly, such schools we advise to employ not this book, but 
 the regular Berlitz method only, containing no English 
 whatever. 
 
 The key to all exercises contained in this book 
 is published separately. Price, $0.25 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 $H0 $ltyljafict (dass alfabait') The Alphabet. 
 
 % a a, 53 b b, dec, 3) b d, (See, 
 
 name: ah bay tsay day ay 
 
 $ f £ ^9g, © 4 "h, i i, 3 j j, 
 
 ef gay hah ee yot f 
 
 A i k, 8 11, SKwm ( SRan, £) o o, 
 
 kah el em en oh 
 
 <$ p, D q q. ffi r r, ©- f (g*)-s,- X t-t, 
 
 pay koo airr es tay 
 
 U u u, 55 t) v, 2$ to w, 3£ £ x, 3) t) y, 
 
 oo fow vay iks ip'sillohn 
 
 tset. 
 
 * g is used instead of f at the end of a word. 
 | The o almost like u in but. 
 
Pronunciation of Vowels. 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 Transcribed by us with 
 
 (long 
 1 short 
 
 is 
 
 pronounced 
 
 as in father 
 
 ah 
 
 it 
 
 1 1 
 
 i t 
 
 yacht 
 
 a 
 
 r long 
 
 n 
 
 i i 
 
 t . 
 
 air 
 
 ai 
 
 ■j short 
 
 a 
 
 < i 
 
 i i 
 
 let 
 
 e 
 
 ' final 
 
 i < 
 
 < i 
 
 i< 
 
 open 
 
 8 
 
 | long 
 I short 
 
 it 
 
 a 
 
 
 machine 
 
 ee 
 
 C i 
 
 ( t 
 
 a 
 
 sister 
 
 i 
 
 j long 
 \ short 
 
 it 
 
 «< 
 
 i i 
 
 role 
 
 oh 
 
 1 1 
 
 « < 
 
 *• 
 
 mother 
 
 
 
 j long 
 ( short 
 
 a 
 
 i < 
 
 i ; 
 
 rule 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 pull 
 
 u 
 
 Remarks : As the e in a suffix (en, el, er) is almost 
 silent, we shall omit it in our transcription entirely or 
 replace it by an apostrophe. 
 
 The difference between a long and a short vowel in 
 German is not nearly so great as in English. We have 
 therefore transcribed with long sounds such short ones 
 as the student would be very likely to mispronounce. 
 
 Consonants. 
 
 b and d are pronounced as in English, but at the 
 end of a word they sound likep and t. 
 
 c before e, i, a, 6, u is like ts, elsewhere like k. 
 
 g is as in the English go, get, but at the end of a 
 word the sound approaches that of k or that of the 
 German d). (In different parts of Germany the pronun- 
 ciation of g varies). Remember that though we 
 transcribe the final g with jh or hh (see "compounds ") 
 you may pronounce it like k 
 
 h at the beginning as in hand, elsewhere silent, 
 
 j always like y in yes. 
 
q (always followed by u) as in the English quit. 
 
 s before a vowel somewhat like the English z ; st 
 and sp at the beginning of a syllable sound like sht, 
 shp ; elsewhere as in English. 
 
 t as in English, but like ts before the ending ion. 
 
 v like / (except in foreign words). 
 
 w like v. 
 
 x like ks. 
 
 y occurs now only in foreign words and is pro- 
 nounced accordingly. 
 
 z like ts. 
 
 The other consonants (/, k, I, m, n, p, r) are pro- 
 nounced as in English. 
 
 Compounds. 
 
 Pronounce : an like ou in house, ai and ei like ie 
 in pie, ie like ee, eu and du like oy in boy (=oi). 
 
 Double consonants are pronounced like single 
 ones, ck stands for kk, tz for zz ; at the end of a word 
 ff is replaced by g (sz)i in the body of a word (3 has 
 the hissing s-sound but is preceded by a long vowel 
 whilst ff follows a short vowel. 
 
 sch is like the English sh. 
 
 ch has three sounds : 1) beginning a word or 
 followed by s belonging to the same syllable the sound 
 of k, as : (£f)oi=Kohr (Choir), ©)rift=Krist (Christian), 
 2Bacf)S=Vaks (wax). 2) preceded by a, o, u y au it has 
 a strong guttural sound (as in the Scotch loch) which 
 we shall represent by hh. 3) preceded by e, i, a. 6, ii 
 or a consonant it has a sound that can be described 
 only as resembling the English sh, but whilst the 
 English if a dental sound the German is a palatal one. 
 We shall represent it by jh, 
 
$ie Umlautc (dee oom'-louta) Modified Vowels. 
 
 a sounds like ai in hair. 
 
 6 like the French eu \i\peu. In English there is 
 no exact equivalent ; the nearest to it is the sound of 
 u in burn. We shall transcribe it with ce. 
 
 ii sounds like a thick ee, (a French u). It is pro- 
 nounced by opening the mouth but little, with 
 protruding lips (as if you were going to whistle). We 
 shall represent it by ee. 
 
 Accent. 
 
 In simple words the stress lies on the principal 
 syllable* except in words taken from foreign 
 languages. In compounds each of the parts has 
 an accent, the first being the strongest (as in the 
 English word "snowball). Where in the lessons the 
 accent of a word cannot easily be determined by the 
 learner, we shall indicate it by the sign ' after the 
 accented syllable, or we shall use the sign — ' to repre- 
 sent a long syllable with a heavy accent, — for a 
 secondary or lighter accent, w' for a short accentu- 
 ated syllable, ^ for a short unaccentuated syllable. 
 The accents of the English words : rainbow, ma- 
 chine, revelation, coincidence, likelihood would, there- 
 fore, be as follows : — '— , *-" — ', ^ ^- — '— ', — ^' ^- ^, 
 
 Capital Letters. 
 
 Capital letters are used in German at the beginning 
 of a sentence, also for all nouns and for pronouns of 
 the second person 
 
 * The principal syllable is generally the one before the last. 
 
drfie Scftton (airsto lekts-yohn') First Lesson. 
 
 ber SSIeifHft, . 
 
 ^dair blie'-stift) The lead-pencil. 
 
 " ©tu#, 1 
 
 ; " shtool) 
 
 ' chair. 
 
 " Sif*, ( 
 
 " tish) 
 
 ' table. 
 
 " ©fen, ( 
 
 " ohf'n) 
 
 ' stove. 
 
 " 23oben, ( 
 
 " bohd'n) 
 
 ' floor. 
 
 " ©orljcmg, ( 
 
 " for'-hang)* 
 
 ' curtain. 
 
 bie geber, ( 
 
 dee faid'r) 
 
 ' pen. 
 
 " ®retbe, 
 
 ; lt kriedo) 
 
 1 chalk. 
 
 " £afet, ( 
 
 " tahf'l) 
 
 ' blackboard 
 
 11 @d)ad)tet, ( 
 
 " shahht'l) 
 
 " box. 
 
 " ©ecfe, 
 
 ; " decko) 
 
 ' ' ceiling. 
 
 " 2Banb, 
 
 ( " vant) 
 
 " wall. 
 
 " £f)itre, ( 
 
 ' ' teero) 
 
 ' door. 
 
 bag Surf), 
 
 ^dass boohh) 
 
 ' book. 
 
 " lineal, 
 
 ; " lin-yahl') 
 
 ' ' ruler. 
 
 " papier, ( 
 
 " pappeer w — ') 
 
 " paper. 
 
 - <Putt, 
 
 ; " puit) 
 
 ' ' desk. 
 
 " genjfer, 
 
 ( " fenst'r) 
 
 " window. 
 
 " Xintefafe 
 
 [ ' ' tin'-tef ass ) 
 
 ' inkstand. 
 
 H>a3 tft ba3 ? 
 
 Vass ist dass) w 
 
 hat is that ? 
 
 * Pronouucing hang almost as in Hong-Kong. 
 
8 
 
 ■3a— 9?em, (yah— nienj yes— no. 
 
 md)t, (nijht, almost like nisht) not. 
 
 fottbern, (zond'rn) but. 
 
 toeber — ttod), (vaid'r — nohh) neither — nor. 
 
 u. f. to==unb fo better, (oont zoh vie'tr) and so forth. 
 
 Remarks : In German even inanimate objects 
 may be masculine or feminine and, as the articles, 
 pronouns and adjective-endings are different in 
 different genders, care must be taken to learn well the 
 definite article with each noun so as to know if the 
 noun is masculine, feminine or neuter. The rules for 
 distinguishing the genders by the meaning of the word 
 or by its ending are too complicated to be of any use 
 to a beginner, however, it may be remembered that 
 most of the nouns ending in e are feminine, those 
 ending in en are masculine. 
 
 
 fjaricn 
 
 (farben) 
 
 Colors, 
 
 
 fdjnmrg, 
 
 
 (shvarts) 
 
 
 black. 
 
 rot, 
 
 
 (roht) 
 
 
 red, 
 
 grim 
 
 
 (green) 
 
 
 green. 
 
 bramt, 
 
 
 (broun) 
 
 
 brown. 
 
 toeig, 
 
 
 (viess) 
 
 
 white. 
 
 blew, 
 
 
 (blou) 
 
 
 blue. 
 
 flelb, 
 
 
 (gelp) 
 
 
 yellow. 
 
 grew, 
 
 
 (grou) 
 
 
 gray. 
 
 er, (air) 
 
 he 
 
 fie, (zee) 
 
 she e3 
 
 (ess) it 
 
. 9 
 
 Remark 2 : The English pronoun it must be 
 rendered by he (er) or she (fie) if it refers to a masculine 
 or feminine noun. 
 
 2Bte tft ber Sletflift? (vee ist dair blie-stift) 
 
 How is the pencil. (= of what color is the pencil). 
 
 biefer (masc.), biefe (fern.), b.tefe« (neut.) this, 
 (deez'r, deezo, deezos) 
 
 roettfjer (masc), tt)et<f)e (fern.), roetdjeS (neut.), which, 
 (veljhor, veljho, veljhos) 
 
 Remark 3 : Notice that the endings of the pro- 
 nouns and articles are r, e, s respectively for mas- 
 culine, feminine and neuter. 
 
 Remark 4 : Adjectives preceding the noun end in e. 
 
 2)a8 fdjwarge 93ntf), bag roeige papier, btc gelbe (gelbe) fteber. 
 
 Qmitt ficftion (tsvieto) Second Lesson. 
 
 tang (lank) long, fur^ (kurts*) short 
 
 brett (briet) broad, fdjmat (shmahl) narrow 
 
 grog (grohs) large, Hem (klien) small 
 
 bid (dick) thick, biinn (deenn) thinf 
 
 Remark 5 : The comparative of adjectives is 
 formed by adding er ; the vowels a, o, u are generally 
 modified in such a case, i. e. (anger (laing'r), filler 
 (keerts'r), grower (grces'r), etc. 
 
 * Do not forget that the u is pronounced as in pull. 
 f Sounds almost like din. 
 
10 
 
 Remark 6 : The superlative is formed by inserting 
 ft or eft between the adjective and its ending, as : ber- 
 langfte, bag fikjefte, ber grfifjte, bte brettefte, etc. ; as a predicate 
 the superlative is generally preceded by am and ends 
 in [ten, as : am grogten (grcest'n), am rTetnften, am fitrgeften 
 (keert'sostn), etc. 
 
 <So grog tote (zoh grohs vee) as large as, longer aU 
 
 (laing'r als) longer than, am flemftett the shortest. 
 
 $ritte 8c!twn (drittaj Third Lesson. 
 
 ®letbmtggftitcfe (klie'doongs-steecko — '^ ^'w) cloth- 
 ing, ber $tod (rock*), the coat, bie 2Befte (vesto)the vest, bag 
 23emf(eib (bien-klied) the trousers, ber §ut (hoot) the hat, 
 bag $(etb (kliedj the dress, ber <Sd)itf) (shoo) the shoe, bag 
 £afcf)entucf) (tashn-toohh) the handkerchief, bte $rabatte 
 (kravat'oj the necktie, ber $ragett (krahg'n) the collar, 
 bte SQtafdjette (manshet'oj the cuff, ber £>cmbfcW fhant'- 
 shoo) the glove. 
 
 Nominative. Genitive. 
 
 2Ber (vair) who SBeffett (vess'n) whose 
 
 ber §err (hairrj the gentleman, beg §errtt (dess hairn) 
 bte grau (f rouj the lady, ber grau 
 
 bag gra'utetn (froilien) the Miss beg grautehtg 
 
 Remark 7 : The English possessive or the word 
 of (the gentleman's hat, the hat of the gentleman, the 
 lady's dress, the dress of the lady, the young lady's 
 handkerchief, the handkerchief of the young lady) 
 are translated by the genitive case in German : ber £ttt 
 beg §ernt, bug $tetb ber gratt, bag £afd)entud) beg gr&ittetrtg. 
 
 * The o almost like the u in stuck. 
 
11 
 
 Remark 8 : Mr., Mrs , Miss are also translated by 
 §err, Srctit, grautehu 
 
 Remark 9 : Before a name the s of the genitive 
 grfiutetttS is omitted. Miss Muller's book, bag SBud) beS 
 graulem Sftiifter. 
 
 Sftetn (mien) my, 3Ijr (er) your, fern (zien) his, its, 
 tf)r (eerj her. — When these pronouns are adjectives of 
 feminine nouns they end in e as : mem 33(etfttft (masc ) 
 but meine Jeber (fern.), feitt £afd)entud) (neut. ) but feirte 
 $r (matte (fern.) 
 
 SSiertc Scftton (feerto) Fourth Lesson. 
 
 gefyert, fommeit, fte^en, fi^en, ttegen, fetu. 
 
 (gain) (kom'n*) (shtai'nj (zits'n) (leegn) (zienj 
 to go to come to stand to sit to lie to be 
 
 id) (ijh) I, ©te (zee) you, Ijter (heer) here, bort (dorrt) there. 
 
 Remark 10 : The infinitives end all in n, the first 
 person of the verbs ends in e (id) gefye I go, id) lomm: 
 I come), the second person in en (©te geJjen you go, ©i e 
 fomnten you come), the third person in t (er gefyt (gait) he 
 goes, fie lommt (komt) she comes). 
 
 id) bin <Ste ftrtb er, fie, e3 ift, 2Bo 
 
 (ijh bin) (zee zint) (air, zee, es ist) (voh) 
 
 I am you are he, she, it is where 
 
 2BaS time id)? What am 1 doing ? or What do I do ? 
 (vass tooo ijh). 
 
 2Bct3 tl)un @te ? What are you doing ? or What do you do? 
 (vass toon zee). 
 
 * The o as in the English come. 
 
12 
 
 Sag tljut cr ? What is he doing? or What does he do ? 
 (vass toot air). 
 
 Remark 11 : Expressions like : I am going, I do 
 go, you are coming, he is standing, he does stand, etc., 
 can merely be translated as : I go, you come, he 
 stands, etc. 
 
 giutftc Scfhon (feenfto) Fifth Lesson. 
 
 betuegen, ftUlljaften, beruljren, nefymen 
 
 (bevaig'n) (shtill'haltn) (bereern) (naim'n) 
 
 to move to hold still to touch to take 
 
 ctitfmadjen, grnnadjert, (jmtegen, fjtnfteflen 
 
 (auf'mahhon) (tsoo'mahhon) (hin'laig'n) (hin'shtell'n) 
 to open to close to lay down to put down 
 
 In conjugating verbs with accentuated prefixes 
 the latter are detached and put at the end of the 
 sentence : -3d) mad)e bic Xftihe auf, <2ie legen ba$ 23ud) f)in, 
 (gr ftettt ben ©tittjt l)tn, etc. 
 
 iBtttc (bitto) please, Xcrnk (danko) I thank you 
 
 Remark 12 : The accusative (= objective case) of 
 the masculines is formed by changing the ending of 
 articles,, pronouns and adjectives into tt (respectively 
 adding en), the noun itself is not changed. The 
 feminine and neuter articles, pronouns and adjectives 
 do not undergo any change, ex. • 
 
 Nominative : 2)er rotfye SBCetftift ftegt ljter 
 
 The red pencil lies here. 
 
 Accusative : 3d) nefnne ben voteu 23(etfttft 
 I take the red pencil. 
 
13 
 
 Remark 13 : As said in remark 2, the pronoun "it" 
 must be translated by er (he), fie (she) when the noun 
 is masculine or feminine ; for the same reason the 
 pronoun "it" must, in the accusative masc., be 
 translated by tfjn (him), 9£el)men <3ie ben SBIetfttft? 5a, id) 
 tteljme tljn =Yes, I take it (him). 
 
 As there is no difference in the feminine between 
 the nominative and accusative the English "she " and 
 "her" are both in German "fie." 
 
 an (an*) at, auf (oufj on, wtter (unt'r) under, cor (for) 
 there, Ijtnter (hin'tr) behind, neben (naib'n) near, in (in) 
 in, gttufdjen (tsvish'n) between, (jcmgen (haing'n) to hang, 
 roerfett (vairf'n) to throw, gieljett (tsee'n) to draw, ftecfen 
 (shteck'n) to put into, to stick into, tragett (trahg'n) to 
 carry. 
 
 3d) roerfe (vairfo) ; er, fie, eS rotrft (veerft) ; <Ste toerfen 
 (vairf'n). 
 
 -3d) trage (trahgo) ; er, fie, e§ tragt (traigt) ; ©te trageu 
 (trahg'n). 
 
 It will be noticed that for the third person singular 
 the e in the stem of merfen is changed to t, and that the 
 a of tragett is changed for the third person into ci ; this 
 change takes place in many verbs. We shall when 
 they occur give the third person besides the infinitive 
 or the first person. 
 
 Remark 14 : The objects of the above prepositions 
 are in the accusative case (see remark 12). 
 
 3)er ®orb (korp) basket, . ber itber^tefjer (eebr'-tsee'r 
 — ' w — -*■") overcoat, bie geljne (laina) the back (of a chair), 
 ber £mcfeu (hahk'n) hook, bte 3ettmtg (tsie-toong — ' 
 newspaper, bte (Sde (ecko) corner. 
 
 * Sounds almost like the English on. 
 
14 
 
 Remark 15: The English '-'it'' is often (especially 
 after prepositions) translated by benfel&en (accus. masc), 
 btefelbe (fern.), bctffetbe (neut.), the literal meaning of 
 which is "the same." 
 
 ©ed)(k Ceftion (zexto) Sixth Lesson. 
 
 1 (iens), 2 (tsvie), 3 (drie), 4 (feer), 5 (feenf), 6 (zex), 
 7 (zeeb'n), 8 (ahht), 9 (nien), 10 (tsain), 11 (elf), 
 12 (tsvcelf), 13 (drie'tsain), 14 (feer'tsain), 15 
 (feenf 'tsain), 16 (zejh'tsain), 17 (zeeb'tsain), 18 (ahhf- 
 tsain), 19 (nien'tsain), 20 (tsvan'tsijh), 21 (ien'-unt- 
 tsvan'tsijh), 22 (tsvie'-unt-tsvan'tsijh), 23 (drie'-unt- 
 tsvan'tsijh), 24 (feer'-unt-tsvan'tsijh), etc., 30 (drie'- 
 sijhj, 40 (feer'tsijh), 50 (feenf'tsijh), 60 (zejh'tsijh), 
 70 (zeeb'tsijh), 80 (ahht'tsrjh), 90 nien'tsijh), 100 
 (hund'rt*), 200 (tsvie hund'rtj, 365 (drie hund'rt feenf 
 unt zejh'tsijh), 1000 (touz'nt). S^W 11 (tsail'n) to count. 
 t)ou (fonf) from, 6t$ (biss) as far as, until, tote Diet (vee- 
 feelj how much, how many, meljr (mair) more, toemger 
 (vai'nigr — *'ww) less, nod) toemger (nohh vai'nigr) still 
 less, 3 mat 3 (drie mahl drie) 3 times 3, ebenfomel (aib'n- 
 zoh-feel) just as much, ber Unterfdjteb (unt'r-sheet) 
 difference. 
 
 The word urn in sentences like " 6 ift urn 2 mefyr at8 4" 
 cannot be translated ; it is used to show a difference in 
 value but may be elided. 
 
 Masculine Feminine Neutre 
 
 toeld)er toetcfye toeldjeS which 
 
 toag fitr em toaS fitr erne toa§ fitr em what kind of a 
 
 * Don't forget to pronounce the u everywhere as in pull. 
 f Sounds almost like fun. 
 
15 
 
 Notice the different forms of em for the different 
 genders ! (Sin means one as well as a or an. 
 
 Remark 16 : When the English "what" is followed 
 by a noun translate it by "what kind of," ex. : What 
 hat is that ? 2Ba3 fitr em §ut ift bag? 
 
 Remark 17 : .After the indefinite article (em, erne, 
 em) and the possessive pronouns (mem, 3fyr, fern, etc.) the 
 adjective takes the endings of the definite article 
 (ber, bie, ba&) ex. : em fd)tt?av^er £ut, erne fd^toarge geber, em 
 fcfymargeS ®Ietb. 
 
 £>te (gin^ar,! (ien'tsahl( Singular 
 £)te 9^el)rgat)t (mair'tsahl) Plural. 
 
 Remark 18 : The plural of most nouns is formed 
 by the ending e, a few however take er, and 
 those ending in e (and a few monosyllables) take tt or 
 where euphony demands it en. 
 
 Masculines and neuters ending in er, el, en 
 have the same form for the plural but often take 
 the Umlaut, as : gertflter, finger, 'Decfel, §alen, $ragen. 
 
 For examples in the formation of the plural see "Methode," page 19 
 and 20, for rules, see the appendix of this book. 
 
 £)te 23iirfte brush, ber ©djitfer (sheel'r) pupil (male), bte 
 ©djitferin (sheel'rin) pupil (female), ber £el)rer (lairor) 
 teacher (male), bte £eljrerm (lairorin) teacher (female), 
 ba& Xud) (toohh) cloth, bet* £I)ennometer (tairmomait'r 
 — ^_-*^) thermometer, ber $eber()alter penholder, ber 
 3>cfe( cover (of a book or a vessel), ber ©<i)luffef (shleess'l) 
 key, ber Mantel (mant'l) cloak, ber ^agel (nahg'l) nail. 
 
16 
 
 Siefiente Seftion (zeeb'nto) Seventh Lesson. 
 
 Personal Pronouns. 
 
 Norn. 
 
 i 
 
 id, 
 I 
 
 er fie 
 he she 
 
 eS 
 it 
 
 toil* 
 we 
 
 ©ie 
 you 
 
 they 
 
 Ace. 
 
 i 
 
 nttd) 
 me 
 
 tljn fie 
 him her 
 
 e3 
 it 
 
 un3 
 us 
 
 <2>te 
 you 
 
 fie 
 them 
 
 
 
 
 Possessive 
 
 Pronouns. 
 
 
 
 meitt 
 my 
 
 
 fein 
 his 
 
 tljr fein 
 her its 
 
 
 mtfer 
 our 
 
 your 
 
 their 
 
 Remark 19 : As said in the 3rd lesson the possess- 
 ive pronouns take an e when used as adjectives of 
 feminine nouns, the same ending is used for the plural : 
 ntetne £mnbe, -3I)re SBletfttfte, fettle Sitter, etc. 
 
 The plural of ber, bte, ba$ is bte, as : baS 23ud) the book, 
 bie 23itd}er, the books ; bte 23tetfttfte the pencils, bte ^ebern the 
 pens. 
 
 The plural of btefer, jener, luetc^ev for the three 
 genders is btefe, jeue, tuetdje. 
 
 The genitive plural of all these pronouns and 
 articles ends in r, as : metner 53itd}er of my books, ber 
 £)cmten of the ladies, btefer ©djiiler of the pupils (but btefeg 
 ©emitters of this pupil [sing.]), roeldjer £>erven of which 
 gentlemen (but ine(d,e3 $errtt of which gentleman). 
 
 Remark 20 : The adjective preceded by an article 
 or a pronoun ends in the plural in en, ex. : bte fdjiMi^en 
 23itd)er, metne groften £ifd)e. But if the adjective is not 
 preceded by an article or pronoun it ends in e for the 
 nominative and accusative and in r for the genitive 
 
17 
 
 (i. e. it has the ending which the article or pronoun 
 would have had), ex. : fdjunu^e 23iid)er, grofte £tfdje ; — Waiter 
 Sfogen of blue eyes, [djtoarger £)itte of black hats. 
 
 Remark 2 1 : The verbs in the plural end in en. 
 id) gefye ftnr gefyen er gefyt fie gefjett 
 
 I go we 
 
 go 
 
 
 he 
 
 goes they go 
 
 id) fycibe 
 
 (ijh hahbo) 
 
 I have 
 
 
 er l)at 
 
 (air hat) 
 
 he has 
 
 
 nnr fyciben 
 
 (veer hahb'n) 
 
 we have 
 
 <3ie fyaben 
 
 (zee hahb'n) 
 
 you have 
 
 
 
 
 fie fyabett 
 
 (zee hahb'n) 
 
 they have 
 
 jwfcmtmen nur mefyrere aud) 
 
 (tsoozam'n — — '^) (noor) (mairore — '-— — ) (ouhh) 
 together only several also 
 
 baS ©elb bie Sftarf ber pfennig 
 
 (gelt) (mark) (pfennijh) 
 
 money 05 cents, 1 shilling penny 
 
 Diet 
 (feel) 
 much, many 
 
 fein 
 (kien) 
 not one, not any 
 
 toeing 
 (vainijh) 
 little, few 
 
 am metfteit 
 
 (am miest'n) 
 
 the most 
 
 aitbere 
 
 (and re) 
 
 others 
 
 atte einige aber 
 
 (alte) (ienigo _'>-—) (ahb'r) 
 
 all some, a few but 
 
 fefr 
 (zair) 
 very 
 
 nod) 
 
 (nohh) 
 
 still 
 
 beibe 
 
 (biede) 
 
 both 
 
 bie ©d)iilc 
 (shoole) 
 school 
 
 Slfcer and fonbern botU mean but; tU« Jutter id only used to correct u 
 previous statement, 
 
18 
 
 $itf)tt Scftion (ahhta) Eighth Lesson. 
 
 fdjret6en 
 
 (shrie'bn) 
 
 to write 
 
 id) lefe 
 (laize) 
 I read 
 
 enbeit id) fange an 
 
 (end'n) (ijh. fanga an) 
 to end I begin 
 
 er (teft 
 
 (leest) 
 
 he reads 
 
 er ftirtgt an 
 
 (fangt*) 
 
 he begins 
 
 fagen 
 
 (zahg'n) 
 
 to say 
 
 r)etgen 
 
 (hie'ssn) 
 
 to be called 
 
 fprecrjen 
 
 (shprejh'n) 
 
 to speak 
 
 man fputdjt 
 
 (man shprijht) 
 
 one speaks 
 
 bucfjftabteren 
 
 (boohh-stah-beer'n) 
 
 to spell 
 
 antroorten 
 (ant'wortn) 
 to answer 
 
 Remark 22 : In English you often use ive, you or 
 they to speak indefinitely of people, as : " In Paris they 
 speak French," in German man is used in such cases : 
 3)?an fprid)t frangoftfd) in tyax'1%. 
 
 id) [telle etne fixate 
 
 (ijh shtello ieno frahge) 
 
 I ask a question 
 
 ber SBudjftctbe 
 
 (boohh-shtahba — ' — ^) 
 
 letter 
 
 id) fage fjer 
 
 (ijh zahgo hair) 
 
 I recite 
 
 bte 2t(6e 
 
 (zilbo) 
 
 syllable 
 
 baQ Sort 
 
 (vorrt) 
 word 
 
 ber $ofaI 
 
 (vohkahT) 
 
 vowel 
 
 ber -j3unft 
 (punkt) 
 period, point, 
 
 ber $onfonant 
 
 (kon-zoh-nanf) 
 
 consonant 
 
 brr 2a£ 
 
 (zats) 
 
 sentence 
 
 bie 3ette 
 (zieto) 
 page 
 
 ber Strtd) bug ^ragegetc^en 
 
 (shtrijh) (frah-go-tsie-jhen — '^ — ^) 
 dash, interrogation mark 
 
 * aag in fangt pronounced like ahg in the English worft hang. 
 
19 
 
 (ous-roof-tsie-jhon — ' ^) (kom'mah) 
 
 exclamation mark comma 
 
 auf beutftf) engtifrf) .franjofifd) 
 
 (ouf doitsh) (ainglish) (fran-tsoe-zish ^— V ) 
 
 in German English French 
 
 ttalu.ctfdj fyamfdj rtdjttg falfdj 
 
 (ee-tahl-yai'-nish) (shpah-nish) (rijhtijh) (falsh) 
 Italian Spanish correct wrong 
 
 ber erfte, $mdte, britte, toterte, fftitfte, the first, second, third, 
 fourth, fifth (to form the ordinal numbers add te as far 
 as nineteen incl., from twenty on add fte, as: 
 jtoangigfte, bmfetgfte, etc). 
 
 Remark 23 : The ordinal numbers are declined 
 like other adjectives, i. e. take the same endings for 
 the cases or the plural. 
 
 9lcunte Seftimt (nointo) Ninth Lesson. 
 
 3)te Ubtmg (eebung) the exercise. 
 
 ■Der ©djiitei becmttuorte bte folgenben ^ragen. 
 
 (dair shee-l'r bai-ant'-vor-to dee f ol'gen-dn frah-gn 
 
 The student is to answer the following questions. 
 
 3)er ©d)uter bilbe bte gu ben folgcubcn 2lnttt)orteit paffettben Sfragen. 
 
 (dair sheePr bilda dee tsoo dain fol'-gen-dn ant'-vor-tn 
 pass'n-dn f rah-g'n) 
 
 The student is to form the questions fitting the follow- 
 ing answers. 
 
20 
 
 geljnte fieftion (tsainto) Tenth Lesson. 
 
 ftellen ftefjen fe£en ft£en fdjte&en 
 
 to put to stand to set to sit to push 
 
 btet&ett fctffen er laftt 
 
 (blieb'n) (lass'n) (laisst) 
 
 to remain to leave he leaves 
 
 2Bo()m (voh-hin — — ') ? 2£o (voh)? 
 
 Whither (where to) ? Where (at what place) ? 
 
 SBofjer (voh-hair ')? 
 
 Whence (where from) ? 
 
 Remark 24 : In German you must carefully 
 distinguish between whither, where and whence. You 
 cannot say : Where are you going ? instead of : 
 Whither are you going? (= where are you going to? ) 
 
 Remark 25: After the verb "to be "the nomina- 
 tive is used ; after prepositions denoting a motion 
 towards a place (i e. answering the question "whither?, 
 where to ?) the accusative is used ; after prepositions 
 denoting the occupying of a place (where is it ?) and 
 those signifying leaving or going away (whence ?) 
 the dative follows. As the same preposition some- 
 times may denote a motion towards a place (I put the 
 book on [under] the table), or the occupation of a 
 place (the book lies on [under] the table) the accusa- 
 tive or the dative must follow according to the 
 meaning. See examples in the ' ' Methode " page 29 of 
 the nominative after the question "2Ba3 if* bag?", the 
 accusative after "SBoIjin?", the dative after "Soljer?" 
 and "So?" 
 
21 
 
 Remark 26 : The dative singular of articles and 
 pronominal adjectives is formed in the masculine by 
 the ending m (bent, meldjem, btefem, etc.), in the feminine 
 by the ending v (bev, toetdjer, einev, metnev, etc.) ; the 
 adjectives preceded by articles or pronominal adject- 
 ives end in n (bem gvoften 23(etfttft, bev fdjtucirgeit $ebev, bem 
 gvitnen S3ud)), but if not thus preceded they take the 
 ending of the article (fdjtoargem $<xax, voter £mte, giimem 
 23ud)). The masculine and neuter nouns, if they have 
 not already an e in the last syllable, may take an e* 
 (bem <Stuf)(e, bem £ifd)e, bem 23ud)e, but bem Robert without e as 
 there is one in the last syllable) ; feminine nouns 
 remain unchanged. The dative plural of all words 
 for all genders ends in n (ben iangen SBfeifttften, btefen grofcn 
 £()iiven, jenen bveiten genftevn). 
 
 bie ®axte 
 (dee karrto) 
 card 
 
 bie ©djnblabe 
 (shoob'-lah-de) 
 drawer 
 
 bev 23vtef 
 
 (dair breef ) 
 
 letter 
 
 ba$ ©ofa 
 
 (zohfah) 
 
 sofa 
 
 bct3 <Sd)ntymmev 
 (das shool'-tsim-mr) 
 schoolroom 
 
 Sevang 
 (hair-ous^^') 
 out (adv.) 
 
 bev ©djirm 
 (sheerm) 
 umbrella, parasol 
 
 ettoaS 
 
 (et'-vass) 
 
 something 
 
 ntdjts 
 (nijhts) 
 nothing 
 
 baS $ov^tmmev 
 
 fohr'-tsim-mr) 
 
 anteroom 
 
 fytnein 
 (hin-ien^^^') 
 in (adv.) 
 
 bev SRegeufdjirm 
 (raig'n-sheerm) 
 umbrella 
 
 jemnnb 
 (yai'-mant) 
 somebody 
 
 memanb 
 
 (nee'-mant) 
 
 nobody 
 
 Sevang 
 (hairous ^ — ') 
 out of it 
 
 * This e may also be omitted. 
 

 
 Personal Pronouns. 
 
 
 Whom? 
 
 me him her it us 
 
 Ace. 
 
 2Ben? 
 
 mid) tfm fte e3 urn 
 
 Dat. 
 
 2Bem? 
 
 mtv tf)m ttjr it)m un8 
 
 22 
 
 you them 
 @ie fie 
 3(men ifyitett 
 
 Remark 27. "Myself" and '"ourselves" are trans- 
 lated like "me" and "us," (3d) lege ba3 SBudj Dor mid) [um°] 
 I lay the book in front of myself [ourselves]). 
 
 Yourself, himself, herself, itself, yourselves, them- 
 selves are all translated by fid), ex. : er legt e3 neben fidj 
 = he puts it near himself ; fteflert ©ie ba3 Xtntefa^ uor fid) = 
 put the inkstand in front of yourself; bie §erren fatten ba$ 
 33ud) gnrif djett fid) = the gentlemen hold the book between 
 themselves. 
 
 "To sit down" is translated by fid) fefeeu (literally : 
 to set one's self) : -3d) fefce mid), er (fie) fet3t fidj, roir fe^en urt8, 
 ©ie fe£en fidj, fie fefcen fid). 
 
 dlfte Seltton (elfto) Eleventh Lesson. 
 
 fonnen (koennon) to be able mitffen (meess'n) to be obliged 
 
 id) farm (kan) 
 
 I can 
 
 W) 
 
 mui} 
 
 (muss) I must 
 
 er fann 
 
 he can 
 
 er 
 
 mutj 
 
 he must 
 
 ttrir fonnen 
 
 we can 
 
 tot 
 
 c muff 
 
 en we must 
 
 fie fonnen* 
 
 they can 
 
 fie 
 
 mitffen they must 
 
 molten (voll'n) 
 
 to desire 
 
 
 
 id) brefje an (ab) 
 
 id) mill (vill) 
 
 I desire 
 
 
 
 (draiho an (ap) 
 
 er milt 
 
 he desires 
 
 
 
 I turn on (off) 
 
 toir mollen 
 
 we desire 
 
 
 
 idj r)ebe auf 
 
 fie molTeu 
 
 they desire 
 
 
 
 (haibo ou.f) 
 I lift (up) 
 
 *As the translation of "you" is the same as for "they" (only that the 
 former is spelt with a capital) we shall not any more give both in the 
 conjugation^. 
 
23 
 
 Remark 28 : Infinitives stand at the end of the 
 sentence in which case adverbs forming only one idea 
 with the verb are written together with it. like 
 prefixes, as : 3dj brelje bag (3a$ an (I turn the gas on) 
 but : 3dj mtCC ba% @a3 anbrefyeu (I desire to turn on the gas), 
 in the latter example bsefyen being an infinitive (since it 
 depends on another verb = hrifl) Such prefixes are 
 called separable and are always accented. 
 
 (tsoo) 
 too 
 
 ftarl 
 
 (shtarrk) 
 
 strong 
 
 id) fdjttege gii 
 (shleesso tsoo) 
 Hock 
 
 gerreigen 
 
 (tser-rie'-ssn) 
 
 to tear 
 
 gerbredjen 
 
 (tsor-brejh'n) 
 
 to break 
 
 genug 
 
 (gonoohh *-> — ') 
 enough 
 
 fdjtoadj 
 
 (shvahh) 
 
 weak 
 
 tdj fc^ttege auf 
 (shleesso ouf ) 
 I unlock 
 
 fdjtoer feidjt 
 
 (shvair) (liejht) 
 
 heavy light 
 
 bagu 
 
 (dah-tsoo') 
 
 for it 
 
 toerfdjtoffen 
 
 (forshloss'n) 
 
 locked 
 
 ^erfdjnetben 
 
 (tsor-shnie'-dn) 
 
 to cut 
 
 ftetgen 
 (shtie'gn) 
 
 to step up (or down) 
 
 Remark 29 : "For" referring to verbs is translated 
 by urn gu (for writing = um gu fdjreibett. Are you tall 
 enough for reaching the gas fixture = ©inb (Sic grog 
 gemtg, urn ben ®a8ctrm gu beritfyren). 
 
 "For" with nouns and pronouns is fur (followed by 
 the accusative as : fur mid), fuv ©ie, fitr il)n, fuv ben §errn, fur 
 bie Jrau), 
 
24 
 
 ber obere Sftafymen 
 (oh-bo-re rahm'n) 
 the upper frame 
 
 bte ®onfofe 
 
 (kon-zoh'-la) 
 
 shelf 
 
 bie Ufc 
 (oor) 
 the watch, clock 
 
 bte ^ajjjje 
 (pap-pe) 
 the paste-board 
 
 bte 23cmf 
 
 (bank*) 
 
 the bench 
 
 ba3 ^ebett^tmmer 
 (naib'n-tsim-mr) 
 adjoining room 
 
 ba§ SSorterbttd) 
 (vcer-tor-boohh — ' - 
 the dictionary 
 
 bte §anbtafdje 
 - — ) (hant'-tashe*) 
 the hand-bag 
 
 ber 'jpiafc 
 
 fplatts) 
 the place 
 
 jamofjt 
 (yah-vohl') I 
 yes, indeed 
 
 {'u\U t>on Sfjneit 
 
 ^links f on ee-nan) 
 
 on your left 
 
 
 ttmutm 
 
 (vah-rum't) 
 
 why 
 
 toett 
 fviel) 
 because 
 
 ft) e nit 
 
 (ven) 
 
 if 
 
 
 ot)rte 
 (ohna) 
 without 
 
 Remark 30 : After most conjunctions J the verb is 
 transposed to the end of the sentence, the adverbs 
 spoken of in remark 28 being used as prefixes in such 
 cases. Compare the following : 
 
 without conjunction 
 
 id) madje bte SOjiir auf 
 bte 3>cfe tft toetft 
 
 with conjunction 
 
 f tnernt id) bie Xljiir aufmadje 
 J menn tie Xedfc njeift ift 
 lueU id) bie £t)itv attfniad)e 
 roetf bie 3)ecfe fteif; tft 
 
 *Pronounce the a as in yacht. 
 
 f u as in pull. 
 
25 
 
 Remark 31 : Many adverbs are formed with fyttt 
 and fyer, as : fyinein, fyerein (into) fyincwf, fyerauf (up) ; (jutunter, 
 fjerunter (down); fyinab, fyerab (down); fyinanS, f)erau$ (out) — 
 Ijer conveying the idea of direction towards the speaker, 
 f)tn the direction away from the speaker, as: Common 
 ©tc herein = come in (I am in the room myself), but : 
 @el)en <8ie fjinein = go in (I am outside). 
 
 gtoiilfte Scftion (tsvoelfto) Twelfth Lesson. 
 
 @eben (gaib'n) to give ; er giebt (gipt) he gives ; erljaften 
 (erhalt'nj to receive ; er erljctft (erhell't) he receives ; 
 reidjen (riejh'n) to reach, to pass ; bring en to bring ; bitten 
 urn to ask for, to beg for ; fdjtcfen to send ; banfen to thank; 
 fagento say; tneit babon entfernt (wiet da-fon' ent-fairnt') far 
 away from it; ber 9cctme (aahmo) the name; ba3 93i(b 
 (bilt) the picture; bag ©treidjljotg (shtriejh'holts) the 
 match (plural : bie ©treidjfyo^er) ; burd) (doorjh) through. 
 
 Another is translated by ein cmberer (nomin. masc), 
 einen anberen (accus. masc), eine anbere (fern.) ein anbereS 
 (neut. ). 
 
 Remark 32 : When a verb has two objects, an 
 indirect and a direct one (i. e. a personal and an im- 
 personal one), the former takes the dative form (see 
 remark 26, as also the declension table in the appendix,), 
 Examples : Si) gebe bem §eurn ben SBteiftift, Su reidjt ber ftnux 
 bie geber, ®eben 3ie mir (not : mid)) meinen §nt, 3d) fcige 3f)nen 
 (not: <2>ie) meinen teamen. 
 
 Remark 33 : Myself, yourself, etc., as reflexive 
 pronouns, i. e. when subject and object represent the 
 same person (as in: he puts it before himself, he 
 seats himself; er ftettt e$ Dor fid), er fefct fid)) have been 
 
26 
 
 explained in remark 27, but when they merely serve to 
 emphasize who the person is, the word felbft is used. 
 Ex. : 3d) fomme felbft, I am coming myself ; er fdjreibt ba$ 
 felbft, he himself is writing it ; er fdjitft e3 tf)r felbft, he is 
 sending it to her herself, &c. 
 
 (SthwS some, a little ; bitte means please or you are 
 ivelcome (after receiving thanks) ; ©eten ©te fo giitig 
 (zie'n zee zoh geetijh) be so kind ; §aben ©te bie ©iitc 
 (geeto) have the kindness. 
 
 Remark 34 : Translate : tell him to do it by tell 
 him that he shall do fcY=©agen ©te tfjm, baft er e3 tljutt foil. 
 The conjunction may be elided : Tell him he shall do 
 
 it=©agett ©te il)itt, er foil e3 tlnttt. 
 
 Remark 35 : After the conjunction baft the verb is 
 put at the end of the clause (compare remark 30). 
 
 3d) foil, er foil, intr follen, fie follen ; though f oUen has often 
 the meaning of shall it frequently has other meanings 
 especially to be desired to do a thing. Examples : 3d) 
 foil fdjretben, They desire me to write ; ©te follen gel)en, 
 you are desired to go ; $avt foil bie Xfyuv guntadjen, I want 
 Charles to close the door. 
 
 2>m$cljnte gcfiion (drie-tsainto) Thirteenth Lesson. 
 
 Remark 36 : The prepositions nut (with), gu (to) are 
 always followed by the dative. The word \va$ is rarely 
 used after prepositions, mo (before vowels wov) con- 
 tracted with the preposition is used instead : tnonttt 
 with what, toooon from what, toofitr for what, toorin in 
 what, toorcmf on what, etc. 
 
 fdjneiben er fdjneibet feljett er fteljt l)b'ren 
 
 (shnie'dn) (shniedot) (zai'n) (zeet) (hoern) 
 to cut he cuts to see he sees to hear 
 
27 
 
 rtedjett 
 (reejh'n) 
 to smell 
 
 effett 
 (ess'n) 
 to eat 
 
 ertfet 
 (isst) 
 he eats 
 
 trtnfett 
 
 (trink'n) 
 to drink 
 
 taut (eife 
 (lout) (liese) 
 loud low 
 
 am oeften 
 
 (am best'n) 
 
 the best 
 
 ba§ SBettdjen 
 (fieljh'n) 
 violet 
 
 fdjrtea 
 
 (shnell) 
 
 quick 
 
 fdjtedjt 
 (shlejht) 
 bad 
 
 (angfam 
 (lang'zahm) 
 slow 
 
 bte 58utme 
 (bloomo) 
 flower 
 
 gut 
 (goot) 
 
 good 
 
 bte 9?ofe 
 
 (rohzo) 
 
 rose 
 
 (klopf'nj 
 to knock 
 
 beffer 
 
 (bess'r) 
 better 
 
 bte Xufye 
 (tulpe) 
 tulip 
 
 bag ©ttefmittterdjett 
 (shteef-meet'rjh'n — ' — 
 pansy 
 
 bte $afe 
 ^) (vahzo) 
 
 vase 
 
 ber ^fe( 
 ((apf'l) 
 apple 
 
 bte (Srbbeere 
 (airt'bairQ) 
 strawberry 
 
 bag ©emitfe 
 (gemeezo) 
 vegetable 
 
 ber £f)ee 
 (tai) 
 tea 
 
 bte SBtnte 
 
 (beerno) 
 
 pear 
 
 bte $trfd)e 
 
 (keersho) 
 
 cherry 
 
 bte ©petfe 
 
 (shpiezo) 
 
 food 
 
 bte Xvaube 
 
 (traubo) 
 
 grape 
 
 bag SBrot 
 (broht) 
 bread 
 
 bct§ glctfdj 
 (mesh) 
 meat 
 
 bte gntd)t (pi. griidjte) bag ©bjt 
 (fruhht) (freejhto) (ohpst) 
 fruit fruit 
 
 bte mid) 
 
 (miljh) 
 
 milk 
 
 bag Saffcv 
 (vass'r) 
 water 
 
 bag ©etrcittl 
 
 (getrenk') 
 
 drink 
 
 ber 2Bem 
 (vien) 
 wine 
 
 ber ®affec 
 (kaffai) 
 coffee 
 
 bag 23ter 
 (beer) 
 beer 
 
 bte £tmonabe 
 
 (limonah'do) 
 
 limonade 
 
 bie SoJjtte 
 
 (bohno) 
 
 bean 
 
 bte (Svbfc 
 (erpso) 
 pea 
 
 {jeu-fagen 
 
 ber ^ucfer 
 
 (tsoock'r) (hair zahg'n — ' — ^) 
 
 sugar to recite, id) fage fiev I recite 
 
 bfe ^artoffct bte SBittter 
 (kartoff'l) (boott'r) 
 potato butter 
 
 man ttemtt 
 (mann nenntj 
 one names (calls) 
 
28 
 
 SJierjefjnte £cf turn (feer-tsainty) Fourteenth Lesson. 
 
 95or bem (Sffett 
 before eating 
 
 ba3 £t|cfjtud) 
 (tish'-toohh) 
 table cloth 
 
 ber Xelfter runb trievecftg 
 
 (tell'r) (runt) (feer'-eckijh) 
 plate round square 
 
 jeber 
 
 (yaid'r) 
 
 every 
 
 bie ©djiiffet 
 
 (sheess'l) 
 
 dish 
 
 bie ^erfon 
 (pairzoh'n] 
 person 
 
 bev £offe( 
 (loeffl) 
 spoon 
 
 bie @abet bag 9fteffer ba$ ^3 lag bie Jtafdje bie Xaffe gie§en 
 (gahb'l) (mcss'r) (glahs) (iiash'o) (tass'o) (gees'n; 
 fork knife glass bottle cup to pour 
 
 Remark 37: The word u of" in expressions like 
 a glass of water, a piece of paper, is not translated 
 
 (eiu ®(a3 SBaffer, em ©turf papier). 
 
 fdjmecfen 
 
 (shmeck'n) 
 
 to taste 
 
 bitter 
 (bittr) 
 bitter 
 
 bev (Sefcfjmacf 
 (gashmick') 
 taste 
 
 ber @erudj 
 
 (goroohh') 
 
 smell 
 
 fewer 
 
 (zou'r) 
 
 sour 
 
 bie i^unge 
 
 (tsoongo) 
 
 tongue 
 
 m 
 
 (zees) 
 sweet) 
 
 angenefym 
 
 (ati'-gonaim) 
 
 agreeable, pleasant 
 
 gem mogen (gairn mceg'n) to like 
 tiicfjt mogen not to like 
 gent effen to like to eat 
 
 " trttilen " drink 
 
 " riecrjen " smell 
 Itebcr mogen (leeb'r) to like better, to prefer 
 (rebev trtnlen to prefer drinking 
 am Uebften mogen (am leebst'n) to like best 
 
 unanqenefym 
 
 f — ) 
 
 disagreeable, unpleasant 
 
 id) mag (mahh) T like 
 er mag he likes 
 trjtr mogen we like 
 fie mogen they like 
 
29 
 
 fd)on 
 
 (sheen) 
 
 beautiful 
 
 (hess'lijh) 
 ugly 
 
 fdjmufetg 
 (shmoot'sijh) 
 dirty 
 
 aerriffett 
 (tserriss'n) 
 torn 
 
 ber (StnBcmb 
 (ien'bant) 
 binding 
 
 eirtgebmtbett 
 (iengebundn — u 
 bound 
 
 *)et Tej)ptdj 
 (teppijh) 
 carpet 
 
 bci3 ©tittf fyolert bte €)peifefarte 
 
 (shteeck) (hohl'n) (spiez9-karrte — ^ 
 
 piece to fetch bill of fare 
 
 bte portion 
 (ports-yoh'n) 
 portion 
 
 bte ,3ucferbofe 
 
 (tsoockr-dohso) 
 
 sugar bowl 
 
 Sic tt!jr (oor) The Timepiece (Watch or Clock) 
 
 ®oufo(e (konzohlo — — '^) bracket, toerfefjiebert (fer 
 shee'du) different, 2B.tnbu§i* (vant-oor) hanging clock, 
 ©tcmbuljr (shtant-oor) standing clock, ©tutntfyu (shtuts- 
 oor) French clock, Xctfdjenuljr (tash'n-oor) watch, ber 
 3eiger (tsie'gr) the hand of a clock or watch, getgett 
 (tsie'gn) to show, to point out, bte ©tunbe (shtundr>) the 
 hour, bte 2Jttmtte (minnoo't9) the minute, bte ©efuttbe 
 (zeckun'do) the second, ber £ag (tahhj the day. 
 
 3d) 3tef)e tttetne Ufyv auf I wind up my watch, id) ftefle 
 mehte Ufyr I set my watch, nctd) behind time, Dor ahead of 
 time, bte Ufjr geljt borthe watch gains, fie getjt nad) it looses, 
 (ie gef)t rtdjttg it is on time gerabe (gorah'da) exactly. 
 
 mtoki Uf)r tft eg? What time is it? Urn mietriet U&r? At 
 what time ? (gin Ufjv, jiuet lUjr, bret Ufyv one o'clock, two 
 
30 
 
 o'clock, three o'clock, (gin $iertet (feertl) one quarter, 
 l)alb (halp) half, bretotertel three quarters.* 
 
 Besides saying as in English a quarter past (nacfy), 
 a quarter before (r>or), 5 minutes to (bis), it is common 
 in German instead \ or J past an hour, or \ before an 
 hour to say £, J, f toward the next hour, for instance \ 
 past two would be J toward 3 = em Siertel auf bret ; half 
 past two= fyatfc bret ; \ to three = bretotertel auf bret. 
 
 $lnfangen to commence, git (Snbe fettt to terminate, bauertt 
 (dour'n) to last, entljctlten to contain, $cmtmftm3 (kameen'- 
 zims) mantle shelf, tut ©egenteU ( — '^- — ) on the con- 
 trary, morctitS out of what (i. e. what is it made of). 
 
 ©toffnamen names of substances, baS Sftetaft" the metal, 
 (Mb gold, (Stlber silver, ®upfer copper, SO^efftng brass, 
 (Stfeit iron, 23 (et lead, (Seibe silk, ©ammet velvet, 2Bofle 
 (vollo) wool, SBcmmroofle (boum-vollo) cotton, gemtoanb 
 (lien-vant) linnen, geber leather, §ol^ wood, (Stein stone, 
 Wl armor marble. 
 
 When names of substances are used as adjectives 
 they have the ending en or em, as : gotben golden, bteiern 
 leaden, feiben silken, etc , besides this ending they have 
 the declension endings like other adjectives, as : ber 
 (jo^erne Zi)d), ein fyotgeraer £tfd). 
 
 $a§ 3aljr. The Year. 
 
 S3i(ben to form, ber lug the day, einteUen (id) tetCe in., ein) 
 to divide into, ber 9)ionat (moh'nat) the month, bte 2Bod)e 
 the week, fie fyet^en they are called, ber ©onntag Sunday, 
 ber Sttontag Monday, ber 3)ien3tag (deens'tahh) Tuesday. 
 ber s Dcitttt>od) Wednesday, ber 2)onner§tag Thursday, ber tfreitag 
 
 *'3)a8 brittel, fimftel, )ed)[tc(, u. f. fo. the third, fifth, sixth, etc. to 
 form fractional numbers add t to the ordinals. 
 
31 
 
 Friday, ber ©omtctbenb (zon'ahbnd) (SatnStag) Saturday, 
 arbeitcit (ar'bietn) to work, ber Sftuljetag (roo'e-tahh) day of 
 rest, einige some, biefev attentate of these months (genit. 
 plur.), allein (alie ; n) only, ctlfo therefore, foIdj=ev*e=e$ (zoljh'r) 
 such, ba$ ©djaltjalju leap year, bie StaljreSgett season, ber 
 grueling (free'ling) spring, ber ©omnter summer, ber §evbft 
 autumn (fall), ber 333 inter winter, entfjaiten (ent-halt'n) to 
 contain, Ijcnte (hoito) to-day, geftern (gest ; rn) yesterday, 
 tear was, movgen (morg'n) to-morrow, 
 
 Page 59 ; ber ruieOtelfte (vee-feel-sto) which (referring 
 to ordinal numbers only), itcidjfdjlagen (id) fdjlage nad)) to 
 look up, ber ^alenber (^ ^ '— ) calendar, almanac, ©eljeu 
 ©ie f)er (hair) look here, oovig last, previous, ncid)ft 
 (pronounce as in English) next, fallen to fall, faflt falls, 
 barum (^^') therefore, bte s 2lnfgabe (ouf'gah-be) exercise, 
 fdjtctgen to strike. 
 
 Uftitng : £)er nnetnelfte ift (ben tuieoietften tjaben ruiv) what 
 day of the month is it? toetcfje attf ben Sinter fotgt, which 
 follows winter ; jet^t, now. 
 
 3d) lomme 3 mat bte Socfje ()terf)ev. t come here 3 times a 
 week ; e8 giebt, there are ; bte bent £)erbft oorangefyt (for-an'- 
 gait) which precedes autumn. 
 
 Remark 38 : As relative pronouns, the various 
 forms of ber, bte, ba$ or roe(d)er, toeldje, roe(d)es are used both 
 Cor persons or things : ber ffllaim, ber (or toeldjer) in bag 
 3tmmer f'otnmt, the man who comes into the room ; 
 bev 2Betn, ber (or roeld)er) attf bem £ifd)e fteljt, the wine which 
 is on the table ; ber SBtetftift, ben (or rue(d)en) id) netnne, the 
 pencil which I take; ber 2ftcmn, ben (toetdjen) id) fef)e ; bte 
 $rau, bie (tueldje) ntir etn 53nd) giebt — bev 9ftcmn, toon bem (toetdjem) 
 id) fpredje of whom I am speaking. 
 
32 
 
 Remember: 1) that in a relative clause the verb 
 must stand at the end ; 2) that the relative pronoun 
 cannot be omitted, example : the money (which) I 
 have in my pocket, ba$ @etb, roe(d)e3 (or ba3j idj in metner 
 Xafdje fyabe. 
 
 in the genitive sing, and plur. and dative plural 
 the forms of the article or of tue(d). . . are not used ; the 
 1 olio wing must be employed : Genit. sing. masc. or 
 neut. : ber 93? emit, beffen gveunb id) bin, the man whose friend 
 I am ; bag $(etb, beffen garbe grim ift, the dress, the color of 
 which is green; genit. fern, and genit. plur. for all 
 genders : bie grau, beren §ut id) ()abe the lady whose hat I 
 have ; bie §erren, beren greunbe ttnr finb, the gentlemen whoso 
 friends we are ; dative plur. for all genders : bie $men, 
 benen loir bag ©elb geben. the gentlemen to whom we give 
 the money. 
 
 Sag unfa 9lafyt. Day and Night. 
 
 £ei(en to divide, ber £ett part, rocifyrenb (vair'nt 
 followed by the genitive) during, fjefl light, bunlel dark, 
 em'giinben to light, bag ©tretdjljofg the match, brennen to burn, 
 jefet now. Meitd)ten or erteudjten (erloijht'n) to light up. 
 illuminate, gu nafje fommen to get too near, bie gfamme the 
 flame, oerbrennen to scorch, burn, baljer (dah-hair) there- 
 fore. 
 
 Page 61 : ber &aal (plural ©die) the hall, bie (Sonne 
 the sun, bie am Jpimmet ift which is in the sky, 
 fdjauen (shou'n) to look, jtdjtbar visible, ber Sftonb 
 the moon, ber ©tern (shtairn) the star, ber 2mfang be3 £age£ 
 the beginning of day, ber SWorgen the morning, beffetben 
 of it, of the same, ber SIbenb the evening, gef)t auf rises, 
 ge^t nnter sets, ber 2ftittag noon, bem ©nben gegeniiber fiegt lies 
 
opposite the south, ber Often the east, ber 2Beften the west, 
 ber s Jcoiben the north, ber ©itben the south, bte §tmme(§gegenb 
 cardinal point, friif) early, fpcit late, aufftefyen (id) ftelje anf) 
 to rise, get up, an'fteiben (id) ffetbe mtdj an) to dress, frnfyftiicfen 
 to breakfast. 
 
 UButtcj : Urn fe()en ju fonnen in order to be able to see, 
 ba3 ber (Sonne that of the sun, bte (Sonne fd)eint the sun 
 shines. 
 
 $a$ ^Better. The Weather. 
 
 3)ie Wolh cloud, bebecft covered, regnen to rain, ber 
 Xrofcfen che drop, ber 9fogenfd)trm the umbrella, gegen 
 against, oben above, e$ geljt fief) fct)tedt)t walking is bad, 
 gefd)n£t (gesheetsf) protected, bte ©trage (shtrah'so) the 
 street, ber ©djrttt the step, befprt£en bespatter, guritcff'efyveit 
 to return, nm an^ngefyen for going out, roecfjfeln to change, 
 na§ wet, auS'gtefyen to take off, trocfen dry, an'gtefyen put on, 
 fdjneten to snow, bte ©dnteeftocfe the snowflake, genttfdjt 
 mixed, fd)lagen to beat, bte genfterfdjetbe the window pane. 
 
 Page 64: 3d) marine mid) I get warm (warm myself), 
 bte $of)(e the coal, (jalten to hold, eg friert mtdj (@te, tljn, unS, 
 etc.) I (you, etc) feel cold, e? tft ink (3£)nen, tljm, tl)r, etc.) 
 warm I (you, etc. ) feel warm, mtnbtg windy, feff fyalten to 
 hold fast, nmllappen to turn inside out, nod) still, 
 oevtietben to disperse, and) also, oft often, felten seldom, nte 
 never, tmnter always, gutoetlen sometimes, fd)etnen to shine. 
 
 Remark 39 : Prepositions are frequently con 
 tracted with the article; as oom=oon bent, am=an bent, 
 im=tn bent, ,$ur =311 ber; betm=bet bem. 
 
 U&ung. 93et fd)ted)tem 2Better in bad weather, oom 
 §tmme( from the sky, ber (Sdjmu§ the dirt, fd)it§en tor 
 
34 
 
 (with dative) to protect against, braugen out of doors, 
 fyet^en to heat, bte $citte the cold, Me SBcirme the warmth, 
 (in the same way nouns are formed from other 
 adjectives, i. e. bte Scittge, bte @roge, bie ©djtoere, etc.), t)oibei ? 
 gefyen to go past, bev ©cfyatten the shade. 
 
 $>te SBergangcnljeit (f^rgang'n-hiet) The Past. 
 
 Remark 40 : The past is formed as in English by 
 the auxiliary have and the past participle, but not 
 only the Eng] ish ' ' perfect " is translated by the German 
 "perfect" but often also the English '• imperfect," 
 thus : 3d) fycibe eg getfjan means not only I have done it or 
 I have been doing it but also I did it or I was doing it. 
 
 The past participles of simple verbs (except those 
 ending in tvett) have the prefix ge (as : Infinitive tragen, 
 past participle getragen), those having already an un- 
 accented prefix do not take the ge (as : Infinitive erijalteit 
 ww'w ? past participle unchanged), those having an 
 accented prefix take the ge between prefix and root (as : 
 a^fcmgelt^ , ^-' ^, cmgefartgen ^'^ ^'^). 
 
 The participles of some verbs end in t (called the 
 weak, new, or t-conjugation), of others in it (called the 
 strong, old, or n-conjugation). These conjugations 
 correspond in a great measure with the English regular 
 or irregular conjugations, thus : danced, learned, lived 
 are getcm^t, geternt, gelebt, but seen, spoken, written are 
 gefefyeu, gefyrodjen, gefdjrteben. In tt-participles the radical 
 vowel is often changed (as in English : sing, sung, 
 break, broken), in becoming un, as : trtnfett, getnmfett, butbett 
 (bin'dn, to tie) gebtmbett; et (pronounce like ie in "die '') 
 in a short syllable becoming t (pronounce as i in 
 "sister"), in a long one ie (pronounce as ee in "meet") 
 
35 
 
 fdjneiben, gefdjnitten, fdjreiben, gefdjrieben ; e if followed by two 
 consonants (except ff) becomes o, if followed by one 
 consonant or ff it remains : bredjen gebrodjen, toerfen getnorfen, 
 tefen gelefen, mcffen (to measure) gemeffett, Ijetfen (to help) 
 geljolfen ; sometimes t becomes e and ie becomes o : ftfcett 
 gefeffen, bitten gebeten, fd)ieben gefd)oben, fuieren gefroren, fdjliefeen 
 gef djloff en, rtedjen gerod)en. 
 
 Remember that the participles of ftefyen, tiegen, siefyen, 
 nefynten, effen, bringen are : geftctnben, gelegen, ge^ogen, genomtnen, 
 gegeffeu, gebradjt (see the list of participles in the foot note 
 of page 67 of the method). 
 
 Remark 41 : 2Botten, fonnen, tniiffert which literally 
 mean will, can, must have in English no past participle 
 nor infinitive (you cannot say : I have would, 1 have 
 could, I hope to can, etc., you substitute in such case a 
 synonymous expression, as : I have desired, I have 
 been able, I hope to be able, etc. ) but they have these 
 forms in German : 3d) ^cfot gefonnt "I have been able" 
 or "I could'" (Si* l)at getoottt "he has desired" or "he 
 wanted." 2Bir Ijaben gentufct "we were obliged to." 
 
 Remark 42 : When the participles of these verbs 
 (lonnen, toollen, mitffen) and a few others, especially the 
 verb laffen (to let or to leave), are accompanied by an 
 infinitive, the infinitive of these verbs is used instead 
 of the participle in forming the past, thus : 
 
 No infinitive : Accompanied by an infinitive : 
 
 3d) Ijabe bag 23ud) getoottt. 3dj Ijabe tefen luotten. 
 
 I wanted the book. I wanted to read. 
 
 §ctben ©tc ba$ gefonnt? 9?ein, id) Ijabe nidjt fefjen fbnnen. 
 
 Were you capable (of) it ? No, I was not able to see. 
 
36 
 
 Pages 66, 67, 68 : fret free ; treten ©tc em step in, 
 enter ; bag ^acfef the package ; bet nnS gelaffen fyaben have 
 left at our house ; bvaugen out of doors ; ab'getegt taken 
 off ; and) besides ; fdjon already ; ebett just ; gar nidjt not at 
 all ; bte £txt the time ; nod) nidjt gang not quite ; bnrd)'(efen 
 to read over ; nttt nad) §aufe genommen taken home with 
 (him) — the object after mtt is often elided — ; fern Reiner 
 3nnge his little boy (son) ; bte ^tbiuefenfyeit the absence ; 
 ab'batten to keep from ; atfo, gitten Sttorgeit well then, good 
 morning ; $bieu good bye. 
 
 Remark 43 : S3et ntir, bet 3f)tten, bet tljm, bet bent §errtt, bet 
 ber $ran mean : at my house, at your house, at his 
 house, etc. 
 
 SBergattgenljett. 
 
 gortfefeung (fort'-zets-oong) continuation 
 
 Remark 44: The past of "to be" (been geiuefen 
 govaiz'n) is not formed with the auxiliary "to have" 
 but "to be," I have been, we (you, they) have been, 
 he has been, is therefore : 3d) bin geiuefen, lutr (<Ste, fie) finb 
 geiuefen, er tft geiuefen (literally : I am been, you are been, 
 he is been, etc. 
 
 In the same manner is formed the past of b(eiben= 
 to remain and of such intransitive verbs as denote a 
 change of place, as : gefyen, fomnten, fafjren to ride in a 
 vehicle, reiten to ride on horseback, retfen to travel, 
 abreifen to start on a journey, cmfommen to arrive, fteigen 
 to step up or down, cintreten to step into, to enter, 
 anS'treten to step out, fallen to fall, cmfffefjen to rise, etc 
 The past participles are : gegangen, gefomnten, gefafyren, 
 gerttten, geretft, abgereift, angefomnten, geftiegen, eingetreten, auSge* 
 treten, gefaflen, aufgeftanben. The prefixes an, ab, anf, am ein 
 
37 
 
 have the heavy accent, thus the infinitives are — ' — ^ 
 the participles — '^ — ^-. 
 
 Remark 45 : Verbs denoting a change of condition 
 (in English often expressed with get) form their past 
 also with to be, as : gerbredjen to get broken, gerreifteu to 
 get torn, erfatten to get cold, toeuben to become. 2)er ©tuljl 
 ift geibrodjen the chair has gotten broken, Me ©uppe ift 
 erfaltet the soup has gotten cold, bag ^Better ift fd)bn geruorben 
 the weather has become fine. 
 
 Page 69 : fid) Oerabfd)ieben (fer-ap'-sheedn) to take 
 leave; fogletd) (zoh-gliejh') immediately, at once; ber 
 23alml)of the station, depot ; fie ftnb bie ^vep^e fyeraufgefommen 
 they have come upstairs ; £>at er ftdj ettten ten gebrod)en ? 
 has he broken his arm ? ; I)at crft gu lueinen angefangen only 
 began to cry. 
 
 Remark 46 : For parts of the body the reflexive mir, 
 fid) is generally used instead of the possessive my, 
 your, etc., as : idj t)abe midj in ben Singer gefdjnitten I have 
 cut my finger. 
 
 Page 70 : nun ja very well ; bemn then ; fdjftmm bad ; 
 geftern 2Ibenb last night ; im Sweater in the theatre ; erft gegen 
 ad)t only towards eight ; $urg nad) bem (gffen shortly after 
 dinner ; id) mug jefct fort I must (go) away now ; 3d) roitf gu 
 $ar( I will (go) to Charles. 
 
 Remark 47 : After mitffeu, rootten, the verbs go, come, 
 are elided, after fonnen atfo the verb speak -©often ©te in bag 
 Sweater ? do you want to go to the theatre ? 3d) fann 
 3)eutfd) I can speak German. 
 
 tUmng : (Sffe ein 23rotdjen (brcet'-jh'n) bagu eat a roll 
 with it; cmf nteine ©tube (shtoobo) to my room; ber gef)Ier the 
 mistake ; er gel)t fort he goes away ; ben 9todj'mtttag iiber 
 through the afternoon ; im greien out of doors ; fie treten 
 
38 
 
 aber rndjt ein but they do not enter ; ba$ 33i6ttotfjef$hnmer 
 (beeb-lee-oh-taik'-tsimr) the library ; 33eg(ettet man does 
 one accompany ? 
 
 $te S^unft (tsookoonft— ' — ) The Future 
 
 Remark 48 : The future in German is not formed 
 by shall, will or to be going to, but by n)erben=to become. 
 Example : 3d) luerbe morgen fommen (ijh vairdo) I shall 
 come to-morrow. SGSerben ©te ing Sweater gefyen (vaird'n zee) 
 will you go to the theatre ? (gr totrb bag 23nd) neljmen (air 
 veert) he will take the book. 2Bir roerben urn ein Uljr effen 
 (veer vaird'n) we shall eat at one o'clock, ©ie fterben 
 ncidrfte 2Bod)e ben 23rief erfjalten you will receive the letter 
 next week. SBerbcn bie $inber in bie ©d)it(e gefjen ? will the 
 children go to school ? 
 
 Remark 49 : Notice that the infinitive stands at 
 the end of the sentence. 
 
 Remark 50 : The future of fonnen, ttoflen, miiffen is 
 formed in the regular way, though lacking in English: 
 3d) roerbe lonnen I shall be able, ©ie mcrbcn ing Sweater gefyen 
 miiffen you will be obliged to go to the theatre, er tuub 
 bleiben molten he will desire to remain. 
 
 Remark 51 : When the English shall denotes 
 obligation and ivill denotes desire, they are rendered 
 in German by follen and roollen : You shall do it ©ie fallen 
 eg tfjutt, I will (intend to) do it id) nrilt eg tljun. 
 
 Page 71 : iibuig bleibt remains to spare; mit'fommen come 
 along; bie $inbet (sing, bag $inb) the children ; taglid) daily ; 
 nnr tooflen fie nidjt ab'^atten we will not keep them from it ; 
 @ef)en fie gem? Do they like to go? (Do they go willing- 
 ly ?) (gnbe nad)fter 2Bod)e at the end of next week ; folgenben 
 following, next ; tor ber 5lbreife before your departure ; 
 id) lverbe bleiben fonnen I shall be able to remain. 
 
39 
 
 $te Xitxt. Animals. 
 
 £)ag £ier the animal, bag 2Befen the being, belebt ani- 
 mate, unbelebt inanimate, gu benen to whom, gefyoren belong 
 to, mn gu leben in order to live (for living), atmen to 
 breathe, Me guft the air, bie ^afyrung the nourishment, 
 fterben to die, lebenb living, ber ©inn the sense, bag (Seftdjt 
 the sight, bag ©e^iSr the hearing, ber ®erud) the smell, ber 
 ©efdjmacf the taste, bag ©efitljl the feeling, bag Sertyug 
 (instrument) organ, biejenigen b^ ®eljorg those of hearing, 
 ber ©ifc the seat. 
 
 Page 73 : ber ©awnen palate, oerbreiten spread, roafjr'- 
 neljtnen to notice, to perceive (with any of the 5 senses), 
 bie ©eftatt the shape, bie 2lugbef)nnng extension (dimension), 
 bie £age position, ber ©egenftdnbe (genit. plur.) of the 
 objects, ber £)rt the place. 
 
 Remark 52 : ©id) befinben to be (used only of place, 
 or health, as ; ($r befinbet ftdj t)ter he is here ; idj befinbe mid) 
 mobyl I am well ; nrir befinben nng nidjt roof)t we are not well ; 
 trie befinben ©ie fid) how are you ?) 
 
 SBerneljnten to perceive (with the ears), ber £aut the 
 sound, enrpfmben to feel, bag (gt8 the ice, ber ©dnnerg the 
 pain, benterlen to observe, to notice, meid) soft, Ijart hard, 
 bie to the kind, ljanptfcid)(id) principal, bie SSterfiifjler the 
 quadrupeds, ber SBogel the bird, ber gifd) the fish, bag SRepttl 
 the reptile, bag top^ibium amphibious animal, bag 3nfeft 
 insect, fefteg £anb terra firma (mainland), taufen to run, 
 tyringen to jump, folgenb following, bag $ferb the horse, ber 
 Odjg the ox, bie $ufj the cow, ber (Sfet the donkey, bag ©djaf 
 the sheep, ber £unt> the dog, bie $a£e the cat, bag §augtier 
 domestic animal, ber £otoe the lion, ber £iger the tiger, 
 ber 23arthe bear, bie £>t)ane the hyena, ber 2Botf the wolf, ber 
 gudjg the fox, nritb wild, anger (with Dative) besides, ber 
 
40 
 
 glitgei the wing, fttegen to fly, ftatt (with Genitive) instead, 
 ber (2d)nabe( the bill (beak), bte Jcber the feather, ba3 §uljn 
 the chicken, bte Gnte the duck, bie @an3 the goose, ber ^fau 
 the peacock, ber SIMer the eagle, ber (Straug the ostrich, 
 bte Cnrfe the owl, bte ©djttmlbe the swallow, ber (Sperling the 
 sparrow, obett above, befdjrteben described, ba§ 33(:tt the 
 blood, ba$ §erg the heart, gtrfwttcren to circulate, bie gunge 
 the lung, ber 9ttagen the stomach, r»erbauen to digest, txant 
 sick. 
 
 Page 74 : bie gloffc the fin, fdjnrimmen to swim, btc 
 Scfntppe the scale, betannt known, bte (Sdjfattge the snake, 
 frtecfjen to creep, ber (grbboben the ground (earth), ber ffvofd) 
 the frog, bie Q3tene the bee, ber §omg the honey, bte 
 Setbenraupe the silk worm, niifcltdj useful, bte ^liege the fly, 
 SKiufe the mosquito, fdjciblidj destructive. 
 
 Ubung : 25a3 gefd£)tet)t what happens, gebetfjcn prosper, 
 b.fmmteften most known, jteljt au3 looks like, gaf)m tame. 
 (Sefunbfjeit health, gefunb healthy, (id) fort'beroegen move 
 about. 
 
 ©efjoren to belong is followed by the dative without 
 preposition to denote possession, as : ba§ £>au3 gefjort bent 
 9ftatm, baS Pferb ger)ovt tntr, but the preposition git is used 
 when belong denotes classification, as : ba§ $ferb geljbrt 
 gu bet §au3tteren. 
 
 $er 9Kenjd) (Man, Human Being.) 
 
 ©djarf acute (sharp), bag ©eljtrrt brain, entroufetn to 
 develop, bcit!ett an (accus.) to think of (past, gebadjt), 
 btlben form, ber ©etft the mind (spirit), ber ($ebanfe thought, 
 aitSbriifen to express, abroefenb absent, jemanb somebody, 
 SScrftanb intelligence, beantagt talented, bte 5ln(age talent, 
 (ernen (lairnan) to learn, grammatilaftfd) grarmnatical, miff en 
 
4i 
 
 to know, (3d) roetJ3 [vies], er toetg, tutr nriffen) fte ftefjen 
 eingetragen they have been entered, befyatten to retain, eg gtebt 
 3)inge there are things, entge^:t escape nnebeu (veedr) again, 
 bevgeffen forget, bag ©efdjtedjt the gender, einige some (eimgcr- 
 of some), S3etm 9fteufd)en with mankind, bag ®efiif)l feeling, 
 bie (Smpfmbung sensation, bie SBenumbentng admiration, ba$ 
 ©rfjBue beauty, bev Stnbernritle repugnance, bag gfifjltdje ugli- 
 ness, etnen SBnnfd) Jjegen to have a desire, fceftfcen to possess, 
 gerne mogen to like, Ijoffen to hope, in (Srfiittung gefyen to be 
 fulfilled, hjunfcfjen to wish, nadjft next, getciuftg fluently, 
 bet bem (Sebcmfen at the thought, gefdjefyen happen, bie gfovdjt 
 the fear, fuudjten to fear, bie 2utfgabe exercise, task, tabefa 
 censure, scold, erfaljreit experience, bie grenbe joy, bag 
 33ebauern regret, ber gortfd)ritt progress, ber getter fault, 
 mistake, fid) freuert iiber to rejoice at, berfciumen to miss, eg 
 ifjitt mtv leib I am sorry. 
 
 itintttg page 11 : iiberlegen fern to be superior, gebad)t 
 thought, ob if, whether, getoufjt known, betrad)ten to look 
 at, contemplate, retd) rich, id) erftitte mid) I catch cold, ((Ete 
 evfolten fid)). 
 
 $ie (^tttfabung (ien'lah-doong) Invitation. 
 
 3d) labe em I invite, bag $evgnugen pleasure, befucfyen to 
 visit, ba as, bie §auptftabt capital (city), bag £anb country, 
 Devlaffeit to leave, fdjott all right, abveifert set out, depart, 
 menu eg 3fynen redjt ift if it suits you, -3d) bin eg ^ufrtcben I am 
 satisfied (willing). 
 
 Remark 53 : to is translated by nad) in speaking of 
 countries or cities, 
 
 SReifeu to go (travel), ba^ 2)atnpffd)tff steamer, bie (Slbe 
 (jtnanf up the Elbe, fad)ftfd)e ©djtoeig Saxon Switzerland, 
 
42 
 
 Dcfterreid) Austria, faljren to go, to proceed, bis as far as, 
 bte (Sifertbctfjn railway, Me gafjrt trip (ride), batterrt to last, 
 ijaib half, bte 9fatfe journey, voyage, ber 23erg mountain, 
 bte ^ll^en the Alps, ab'bredjen break off, shorten, ber ga^rptan 
 time-table, ttadffefyen look up, ber ,3ug train, t>ergetdjnet 
 marked, scheduled, ber ©tgug express train, giinfttg favor- 
 able, ttodj still, an'fefyett to visit, inspect, ab'fjotett to call f or, 
 padett pack, fyettte nod) to-day yet, ferttg ready, beforgen to 
 arrange, to settle, auf morgen until to-morrow, auf SBteber^ 
 fef)ert au revoir. 
 
 Ubung, page 79: ftdf) treffen to meet, nad)bem after, 
 (abet em invites, nod) mentals never yet ; fie trenncn fid) they 
 separate. 
 
 Remark 54 : The conjunction tnbem and the verb 
 are translated with by and the present participle, as : 
 tttbem id) effe by eating, tttbem fie ttad) 8erlm farjrert by travel- 
 ling to Berlin, nad)fet)en to look up. 
 
 fibevfdniebctt entitled, molten to reside, 2)urd)retfe passing 
 through, ba$ $otf (pi. bid Golfer) the people, nation, 
 betootmen inhabit, 8mad)e language, fie $teljeit Dor they pre" 
 fer, fie fe£en fort they continue, bte Unterfjaltmtg conversa 
 tion. 
 
 $>te 5lbrcifc (ap'rie-zo) Departure. 
 
 Sa indeed, getttg early, erft only, marten (auf) wait (for), 
 frufyftuden breakfast, fdjon already, oor ettter ijatbe (Stunbc half 
 an hour ago. 
 
 Remark 55 : Translate the adverb ago by the prepos- 
 ition oor, as : a month ago Oor eittem SQfamat ; two weeks 
 ago t»or ^toet 2Bod)en. 
 
43 
 
 <5d)lafen to sleep, auffteljen to rise, ber goffer trunk, ber 
 SBaljnfjof railway station, fort gone, ber gall case, ber 2Bagen 
 carriage, Ijoten to fetch, Ijoten laffen to send for, banlbav 
 grateful, bte <&a<$)t the object, unterbringen to find a place 
 for, ber §augbtener hotel porter, bog ©epacf baggage, ber 
 $leiberfd)ranf ward-robe, fudjen (nacr/feljen) to seek (look for), 
 ftnben to find, toeg fafjren drive off, befommen to receive, to 
 get, ber $utfdjev coachman, bte gafyrt the drive, ber £arif 
 tariff, jeber every, bag ©tiitf piece, alfo therefore, be^afjten to 
 pay, befallen keep, bag grhtfgelb gratuity (fee), bag (&tpad 
 abgeben (or aufgebett laffen) to cause to be delivered (i. e. to 
 have the baggage checked), bte gafyrfarte tofen to buy the 
 ticket, ber ©d)atter ticket-window, ber SBeamte ticket-agent, 
 (SBeamtcr is any government employe — the railways in 
 Germany belong to the government) . hnegen to weigh. 
 imgeftifyr about, bag iibergett)id)t over-weight, excess- 
 luggage, ber @epacffdjerrt baggage-check, ber SBartefaal 
 waiting-room, ein'fteigen get aboard. 
 
 tHning, page 82 : begiuegen therefore, ebett just, bet at, 
 bte SBor'beiettmtg the preparation, fertig ready, unterbeffen 
 meanwhile, ettbtidj finally, begebert fid) betake themselves 
 (i. e. they go), fobalb as soon as. 
 
 Page 83 : befdjafttgt occupied, ntelben to announce, 
 fofort immediately, gule£t at last, gu gnft gefyen to walk. 
 
 Remark 55 : The English to get something done, 
 to have something done by somebody else, is rendered 
 in German by laffen and the infinitive, as : I have the 
 porter carry the baggage id) laffe ben ^angbiener bag ©epacf 
 ttagen ; id) taffe mtr einen $tod madjen I am getting a coat 
 made for me ; id) laffe bag ®epad abgeben I am having the 
 baggage checked. 
 
44 
 $ic $lnfwtfi. Arrival. 
 
 ©id} naljeiit to approach, ber £urm tower, bie f)xetfebecfe 
 rug, bie ^cutbtctfdje bag, in Drbnnng brtngen to put in order, 
 bie £)rofd)fe cab, beforgen to procure, fid) nntfetjen nad) to look 
 around for, fatten to stop, ang'fteigen alight, ber ©epfitftragev 
 railroad porter, rufen to call, nadffefjen to look (to find out), 
 bie ^arjrtare tariff, berragen amount to, itotig necessary, fonffc 
 otherwise, fovberu to demand, bie (Stage floor (story), wit 
 modjten we should like, barf id) may I, fjumufftetgen to 
 ascend, in Slugettfdjem nefymen to inspect, gefallen to please, 
 to suit, fitfjren to lead, ber §of court-yard, fret free, nad) bom 
 toward the front, gelegen tft is situated, giemltdj gnt pretty 
 well, f'often to cost, fyeranftragen to carry up, ber ©petfefaal 
 dining room, brancrjen nur need only, bie STreppe stairs, 
 fyinab'fteigen descend, ber Oberf'e liner head waiter, ein'treten 
 step in, bie ©petfefarte bill of fare, ba& ©piegelei poached 
 egg, ber gitrjrer the guide, 23efel)ien to order, etroa§ some, 
 bod) yes indeed, $elTner, gafjlen ! waiter, we wish to pay ; 
 toaS tnad)t nnfer 2l6enbbrot how much is our supper ? ; gegabft 
 paid, beforgt settled, beftcrjiigen inspect, ba since, femten to 
 be acquainted, giUrrer guide, geroi§ certain. 
 
 Ubimg : fcertteiuenb negatively, 9titdftl3 backseat, tier* 
 (angen ask for, fjiuait^fter/ looks out to, erretdjett to reach 
 menben an turn to (accost), efye before, mieten to hire, in 
 33e$ug anf with regard to, eine SDcaljtgett etn'neljmen to take 
 a meal, toa3 eg gn effen giebt what there is to eat, gefpeift 
 eaten, $rembe strangers. 
 
 (bin 8jja$icrgang (Promenade) burcf) ^Berlin. 
 
 ^3radr)ttg splendid, fold) such, giergarten name of a park 
 in Berlin, bie Sftenfdjenmenge crowd, bie Equipage carriage. 
 
45 
 
 ber better rider, baS £ljor gate, Ijtnbitrcrj through it, ber yftafy 
 square, ba$ ©cfjaufettfter shop window, bte 9ut3tage display, 
 bie §utform hat shape, (Matttertetoaarett=©e|djaft fancy-goods 
 business, ber 9fagenfd)irm the umbrella, bcrgolbet gilded, ber 
 ©riff handle, bor^iefyett prefer, elfettbetnent ivory, bte Sftobtftttt 
 milliner, fteljen bleibett stop, tteu'an'gefommeu newly arrived, 
 benmttbent admire, etnett 9Iugettbtid a moment, baS gurnet 
 (yoo-vaiF) jewel, bie 23rofd)e brooch, bemertett notice, ber 
 $anbfd)it^(abeu glove-store, begfettett accompany, brattcrjett 
 need, nett new, ber (£ommi3 (komee) salesman, btetten 
 serve, ber @tace^attbfd)tilj (glassay') kid glove, farbige 
 colored ones, teuer expensive, btHig cheap, bte ©orte kind, 
 eut'toicfefa wrap up, bte ®affe the cashier's window, 
 bcmfe berbiubftdjft much obliged, ber ©attg passage, fitfyrett to 
 lead, mcutcfje many a one, betebte ©trage lively, (bustling) 
 street, bevfefyrretdjfte ©trage most frequented street, 
 bte Sfteftbett^ city wherein the King resides, bog ©ebattbe 
 building, bie $ereittigtett ©taatett (fer-ien'igtn shtahtn) the 
 United States, biiiben on the other side, ber @aftfyof hotel. 
 
 tUumg, page 89 : 2Bte brtttgett fie ben 9?ad)tttittag 311 how 
 do they spend the afternoon, ber £abett the store, cms- 
 gefteflt exhibited, ©djmucffacfjeit jewelry, ber ^ufianb condi- 
 tion, state, cm'rebett to address, to accost, betveteit to enter, 
 fdjttefcttdj finally. 
 
 Sjmjeirpng (continued). 
 
 35>teber again, ba§ Sautter! building, structure, bte (§(fe 
 corner, bte $ird)e church, ronigtid) royal, ba$ ©djaufytetljauS 
 play house, banebett next to it, bte Ouerftvage cross 
 street, griebrtd) ber @rofje Frederick the Great, ber ©tit 
 style, batten to build, bag DperttfjattS opera house, rttta,3tmt 
 
46 
 
 round-about, bte ^Ingafjt number, bte ©efyettgsttMrbtgfett object 
 of interest, ber ^ataft palace, fd)rcig diagonal, gegettitber 
 opposite, bte Untt>erfitdt' university, bte 2£ad)e guard-house, 
 ba$ &u$au% arsenal, ber $ronprmg crown prince, ba$ ©tanb* 
 bttb monument, bte $otoffaf jktue colossal statue, guriicf 
 back, bte SBriicfe bridge, itbeufdjretten go across, ba% ©rf)lo§ 
 palace, toertbett turn, getangen arrive, ber £uftg eaten pleasure- 
 garden, ba$ 93ron3e=<Stcmbbt(b bronze statue, bte 2lmct3otte 
 amazon, ber £otoen=fanrpfei* lion fighter, ber £)nrft thirst, ber 
 §nnger hunger, bte Serraffe terrace, ^laij nefymen to take a 
 seat, ba3 3nnere inside, interior, ba$ gofat place, Ijeijj hot, 
 bag ^(etngelb the change, t)tet(etcf)t perhaps, bte 23anfnote (ber 
 ©djein) bill, toerfjfetn to change, gerutg certainly, mitbe tired, 
 eben just, tooriiber past, bte 33ovfe bourse, ber©autengang colon- 
 nade, bte ©atnmtung collection, ba$ ®etna(be picture, ber 
 ®imftiet' artist, tft afjnltdj resembles, ba3 $afta\ten tnalbd^en 
 chestnut grove, bte §auptatmcrje principal guard house, ber 
 ©olbaf soldier, ber 2Beg way, bte ©ante column, bte (Sieged 
 fante the column of victory, bte ©tabtbaljn city railway, 
 borberfte first, ber £tntergrunb background, bte <5t)auffee 
 (shossay') driveway, ber ^arftetd) park pond, bte 3nfet 
 isle, bte elegante $Be(t high society, gooiogifd) (tso-olog'ish) 
 zoological, um over, ©ie fjaben redjt you are right. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 masc. 
 
 Declension. 
 Singular. 
 fern. 
 
 neut. 
 
 i ^ er 9 ro 6 c ~W &« 9 l0 £ c 2$ite j ba£ grofce 53ud) 
 nom ' ( em gvofecr £ifdj 1 em grofeel 23ud) 
 
 gen. beg giogen £ifcf)e§ bei jrogcn ^ure be§ groftcn 2md)C§ 
 dat. htm grofeen £tfd)(e) hex gvofecn £f)iire bent grogen 53ud)(e) 
 ace. ben grofeen Sifd, biegroge^ure {g^ggg 
 
 Plural 
 
 nom. bic grofecn £ifdje, £f)iivett, 23ud)tr. 
 
 gen. bet grogen £ifdje, Sfytrett, 23iid)er. 
 
 dat. ben grogen Sifdjen, S^ureit, Sudjern. 
 
 ace. bic grog en £ifdje, £ljtiren, 23itd)cr. 
 
 The 3 gen- 
 ders of articles 
 and adjectives 
 are alike in the 
 plural. 
 
 Remarks on the declension of Adjectives : The 
 pronominal adjectives (biefev, jener, tneldjer, jeber, after) are 
 declined like the definite article. If an attributive 
 adjective is not preceded by an article or pronominal 
 adj. it takes itself the article ending, as : guter 2Bem, 
 guteS Staffer. Sin, fern and the possessive pronouns (ntetit, 
 3fyv, etc.) have also the same ending as the definite 
 article, except in the nom. masc. and nom. ace. neut. 7 
 
48 
 
 when they (and the succeeding adj.) have the forms 
 specially mentioned above with ein. If no noun or adj. 
 follows em, fein, mem, 3f)r, etc., they take the article 
 ending even in these excepted cases, as : 2Bo ift mem 
 
 §ut ? Reiner ift (jier. §aben ©te ein 33ud) ? 3d) fyabe ciuS, 
 
 Remarks on the declension of Nouns; singular: 
 The e in the genitive ending e3 and in the dative is 
 elided whenever euphony requires it. Most of the 
 masculine nouns in e and a few other masculines take 
 an n in all the oblique cases, as : Nom. beu $nabe (the 
 b°v)> gen. beg Shtaben, dat. bent $naben, ace. ben $naben. 
 
 Plural : the masc. just mentioned have their plural 
 in n (bie $naben), other masculines take an c (bie £ifd)e, £)iite, 
 etc.), a few take cr (bie banner). Masc. and neut- end- 
 ing in el, cr, en in the singular do not take any plural 
 ending as also the neuters in c, djen, (ein (sing, bev 
 £ciffe(, ber £e()rer, ba3 $enfter, bag ©ebaube, ba$ grautem — plur. 
 bie £i)ffe(, bie £et)rer, bie gtnfter, etc. ) Of other neuters some 
 take er some e ; feminines take mostly n but some 
 monosyllables take e. 
 
 Many masculines and neuters take the Umlaut in the 
 plural. 
 
 Irregular plurals : 2lugen eyes, £)ljren ears, (gnben 
 ends, 2Kittter mothers, £6d)ter daughters. 
 
 Use of the Cases. 
 
 The subject of all verbs and the predicate after few 
 (to be) and roerben (to become) is in the nominative : ber 
 
 SJftann tjefyt 3d) bin ber #el)rer, (Sr roirb ein $aufmann (merchant). 
 
49 
 
 The English possessive and often the preposition 
 of are rendered by the genitive : the man's hat ber §ut 
 beg 9ftanneg ; the cover of the table bte £)cde beg £tfd)eg ; the 
 lock of the door ba$ ©djtog ber (fern.) goitre. 
 
 The dative is the indirect object of the verb, often 
 expressed in English by to or for : 3d) gebe bem SDtan em 
 33ud) (to the man). (§r ntcidjt bem $nabeu etnen SKotf (he 
 makes a coat for the boy). W<x8 fcigen <2>te ber 3)ame (tothe 
 lady). 
 
 It stands often with an adjective : bag tft tftm ange* 
 neljm (that is agreeable to him), eg tft 3()nen gefimb (it is 
 healthy for you), eg tft mir warm (it is warm for me=I 
 feel warm). 
 
 It also denotes the person in whose interest or 
 against whom something is done : (gffen ©te mir bag (eat 
 that for my sake). 9?e()mett ©te bent $naben bte Uljr (take the 
 watch away from the boy). 
 
 The accusative is the direct object : 3d) fet)e tint. (£r 
 fdjfagt ben £mnb (he strikes the dog). 
 
 It often is used as an adver, ial expression of place 
 or time : ©eljen ©te btefen 2Beg ! $ommen ©te jeben £ag ? 9?erc 
 3)orf, ben 4ten 3ult. 
 
 Remember that the dative must be used with : 
 begegnen (to meet), befefyten (to command), geljordjen (to 
 obey), antmorten (to answer), banleit (to thank), gef often (to 
 please), ljelfen (to help), nit^en (to be useful), fd)aben (to 
 harm) ; the accusative with bitten (to ask=request), 
 fragen (to ask=question), 
 
50 
 
 Prepositions* 
 
 With the genitive : roegen,t tofiljrenb. With the dative: 
 mtt, nad), bet, feit, t)on, ^n, gegenitber.! With the accusative: 
 bnrd), fitr, oljne, urn, gegen. With the accusative to express 
 direction toward a place, with the dative to express 
 occupation of a place : an, anf, itber, unter, in, neben, fitter, 
 Oor, gmifdjen. 
 
 Genitive. 
 
 Translation of prepositions : SBegen be§ 9fagen§ on 
 account of the rain, meg en ber $a(te on account of the 
 cold, nteinetraegen on account of me, for my sake, (SfyxtU 
 raegen, femettoegen, ttnferetroegen, on account of you, him, us, 
 or: for your, his, our sake); rofiljrettb beg ©ommerS during 
 summer, roafyrenb eincr 2Bodje during one week. 
 
 Dative^ 
 9Ktt mir with me ; nad) Q^mn after you ; bet gtttem ^Better 
 in good weather, bet Stage during day, bet bent §errn at the 
 gentleman's house ; feit oorigem 3aljr since last year, feit 
 gtoci £agen since two days (for two days past) ; oon ifmt, 
 t^r, mir from him, her, me ; 3 it bent $aufmatm to the mer- 
 chant ; bem SHjater gegenitber opposite the theatre, gegenitber ber 
 $irdje opposite the church. 
 
 Accusative. 
 
 £)urd) bte $oft through the post (mail), bnrdj ben ^tegen 
 through the rain ; fur mid) for me, olme ©ie without you ; 
 nm bag £>au3 around the house, unt ben Garten around the 
 garden • gegen ifyn, fie, mid) against him, her, me. 
 
 (For an, anf, itber, etc., see the tenth lesson.) 
 
 *To avoid overburdening the student's memory we have omitted 
 such prepositions as he does not need until farther advanced. 
 Those marked f may also stand after the noun. 
 
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