LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 DDDD30fl7an 
 

 * °* ^ 
 
 
 
 
 5 *i\e* > 
 
 
 
 
 .^ 
 
 <* *'7V« S Ji 
 
 S\ 
 
 A_N * ^^\uHk* *^Lv 
 
 ''if \ 
 
 * aV *$* 
 
 « V 
 
 
 jp v\ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
« V"V 
 
 t izm. %#* .«•. %, / 
 
 fc Vc* -IK' V #^ W 
 
 c u ♦ 
 
 «4<fe . 
 
 % * e «° A° ■ ^, '^ «^ °<*. *•«»* 
 
 -iy «' 
 

NEW SERIES OF LATIN SCHOOL BOOKS. 
 
 CROCKER & BREWSTER, 
 
 No. 47 WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON, 
 
 Publish the following Books, which constitute a regular series of 
 elementary Latin works designed for the use of Schools : — 
 
 Latin Grammar. A Grammar of the Latin Language, 
 for the Use of Schools and Colleges. By Professor E. A. 
 ! Andrews and Professor S. Stoddard. 
 
 This Grammar has been adopted in most of the schools and colleges 
 this country. It is distinguished for its copiousness, its philosophical 
 rangement, and the scientific precision of its rules and definitions. 
 
 The following works have been prepared by Professor Andrews, for 
 
 e purpose of completing the series, of which the Grammar of Andrews 
 
 id Stoddard is the basis : — 
 
 tnestions on the Grammar. Questions on 
 
 Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar. 
 
 This little volume is intended to aid the student in examining himself 
 regard to the preparation of his lessons, and the teacher in conducting 
 3 recitations. 
 
 <atin Lessons. First Lessons in Latin, or an Intro- 
 duction to Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar. 
 This volume is designed for the younger classes of Latin students, to 
 horn the larger Grammar might, at first, appear too formidable, and for 
 1 who, at any period of life, may wish to acquire an accurate knowledge 
 ? the first principles of the language. The work is complete in itself, 
 mtaining the prominent rules and principles of the Grammar, with easy 
 jading and writing lessons, serving to illustrate those principles. It is 
 so furnished with numerous grammatical references, and a dictionary 
 F the Latin words and phrases occurring in the lessons. 
 
 jatlll Reader. The First Part of Jacobs and Boring's 
 Latin Reader, with a Dictionary and Notes; adapted to 
 Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar. 
 
 The plan of this edition of the Latin Reader, which was in a great 
 egree new, has been so highly approved, as to lead to its introduction, 
 rith suitable modifications, into all the subsequent volumes of the series, 
 nstead of the grammatical notes usually found in works of this kind, 
 umerous references are every where made to those principles of the 
 irammar which serve to explain the peculiarities of form or construction 
 7hich occur in the lessons. The application of these principles is gen- 
 rally left to the sagacity of the student, and by this means a wholesome 
 xercise of his faculties is fully secured. 
 
 Latin Exercises \ adapted to^ Andrews and Stoddard's 
 
 Latin Grammar. 
 
 The exercises contained in this volume are designed to illustrate the 
 principles of the Latin Grammar in its various departments, and to render 
 heir application easy and familiar to the student. The plan and arrange- 
 
 1 
 
New Series of Latin School Books. 
 
 ment of the work are such, that, under the direction of a judicious 
 teacher, the student may commence the use of it almost as soon as he 
 takes up his grammar, and continue it, at least as an occasional exercise, 
 until he has. finished his preparatory course. It is intended to smooth 
 his way to original composition in the Latin language, both in prose and 
 in verse. 
 
 A Key to tat in Exercises ; adapted to Andrews and 
 
 Stoddard's Latin Grammar. 
 
 This Key, containing all the lessons in the Exercises fully corrected, 
 k intended for the use of teachers only. 
 
 Viri RoioaB. The Viri Romae of Lhomond, adapted to 
 Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar ; with Notes and a 
 copious Dictionary. 
 
 A careful perusal of this book, after the student has made himself 
 master of the Reader, will constitute a good preparation for reading the 
 easier Latin classics, which, without some such intermediate work, are 
 commonly read under great disadvantages. It will at the same time ren- 
 der him familiar with the principal characters and most prominent events 
 of Roman history. 
 
 Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War; with a 
 
 Dictionary and Notes. 
 
 The text of this edition of Caesar's Gallic War has been formed by 
 reference to the best modern German editions. The Notes are principally 
 grammatical, and are intended to afford that kind and degree of assistance 
 which the student may be supposed to need at his first introduction to a 
 genuine classic author. The Dictionary, which, like all the others in the 
 series, has been prepared with great labor, contains not only the usual 
 significations of each word, and its derivation, but an explanation of all 
 those phrases which might otherwise perplex the student. 
 
 Sallust. Sallust's History of the War against Jugurtha, 
 and of the Conspiracy of Catiline ; with a Dictionary and 
 Notes. 
 
 The plan of this edition of Sallust is the same as that of the preceding 
 Work. The text of Cortius has, in many instances, been exchanged for 
 that of Kritz or Gerlach, and its orthography is, in general, conformed to 
 that of Pottier and of Planche, and is, consequently, in most cases, the 
 same as is found in school editions of the other Latin classics. 
 
 Ovid. Selections from the Metamorphoses and Heroides 
 of Ovid ; with Notes, Grammatical References, and Exer- 
 cises in Scanning. 
 
 These Selections are designed as an introduction to Latin poetry. 
 They consist of the most interesting fables from Ovid, with numerous 
 brief notes explanatory of difficult phrases, of obscure historical or mytho- 
 logical allusions, and especially of grammatical difficulties. To these are 
 added such Exercises in Scanning as will serve fully to introduce the 
 student to a knowledge of the structure and laws of hexameter and 
 pentameter verse. 
 
 9. 
 
New Series of Latin School Books. 
 
 Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar has long since been intro- 
 duced into the Latin School of the City of Boston, and into most 
 of the other principal Classical Schools in this country. It is adopted by 
 all the Colleges in New England, viz., Harvard, Yale, Dartmouth, 
 Amherst, Williams, Bowdoin, Waterville, Middlebury, Burling- 
 ton, Brown University at Providence, Wesleyan University at Mid- 
 dletown,and Washington College at Hartford; also at Hamilton Col- 
 lege, New York, New York University, city of New York, Cincinnati 
 College and Marietta College, Ohio, Randolph Macon College, 
 Virginia, Mount Hope College, near Baltimore, Maryland Institute 
 of Instruction and St. Mary's College, Baltimore, and the Univer- 
 sities of Michigan and Alabama ; and has been highly recommended 
 by Professors Kingsley, Woolsey, Olmstead, and Gibbs, of Yale College; 
 Professor Beck, of Harvard College ; President Penney and Professor North, 
 of Hamilton College; Professor Packard, of Bowdoin College; Professor 
 Holland, of Washington College ; Professor Fisk, of Amherst College, and 
 by Professor Hackett, of Brown University; — also by Messrs. Dillaway 
 and Gardner, of the Boston Latin School ; Rev. Lyman Colman, of the 
 English High School, Andover; Hon. John Hall, Principal of the Elling- 
 ton School, Conn. ; Mr. Shaler, Principal of the Connecticut Literary 
 Institution, at SufneLd ; Simeon part, Esq., Farmington, Conn. ; Pro- 
 fessor Cogswell, of Round Hill School, Northampton ; President Shan- 
 non, of Louisiana College, and by various periodicals. 
 
 As a specimen of the communications received from the above sources, 
 the following extracts are given : — 
 
 It gives me great pleasure to bear my testimony to the superior merits of the 
 Latin Grammar lately edited by Professor Andrews and Mr. Stoddard. 1 express 
 most cheerfully, unhesitatingly, and decidedly, my preference of this Grammar 
 to that of Adam, which has, for so long a time, kept almost undisputed sway 
 in our schools. — Dr. C. Beck, Professor of Latin in Harvard University. 
 
 I know of no grammar published in this country, which promises to answer so 
 well the purposes of elementary classical instruction, and shall be glad to see it 
 introduced into our best schools. — Mr. Charles K. Dillaway, Master of the 
 Public Latin School, Boston. 
 
 Your new Latin Grammar appears to me much better suited to the use of 
 students than any other grammar I am acquainted with. — Professor William 
 M. Holland, Washington College, Hartford, Conn. 
 
 I can with much pleasure say that your Grammar seems to me much better 
 adapted to the present condition and wants of our schools than any one with which 
 I am acquainted, and to supply that which has long been wanted — a good Latin 
 grammar for common use. — Mr. F. Gardner, one of the Masters Boston Lot. Sch. 
 
 The Latin Grammar of Andrews and Stoddard is deserving, in my opinion, of 
 the approbation which so many of our ablest teachers have bestowed upon it. 
 It is believed that, of all the grammars at present before the public, this has 
 greatly the advantage, in regard both to the excellence of its arrangement, and 
 the accuracy and copiousness of its information ; and it is earnestly hoped that 
 its merits will procure for it that general favor and use to which it is entitled- 
 — H. B. Hackett, Professor of Biblical Ldrerature in Newton TJieol. Sem. 
 
 The universal favor with which this Grammar is received was not unexpected. 
 It will bear a thorough and discriminating examination. In the use of w r ell- 
 defmed and expressive terms, especially in the syntax, we know of no Latin or 
 Greek grammar which is to be compared to this. — Amer. Quarterly Register. 
 
 The Latin Grammar of Andrews and Stoddard I consider a work of great 
 merit. I have found in it several principles of the Latin language correctly ex- 
 plained which I had myself learned from a twenty years' study of that language, 
 but had never seen illustrated in anv grammar. Andrews's First Lesions I con- 
 
 3 
 
New Series of Latin School Books. 
 
 sider a valuable work for beginners, and in the sphere which it is designed to 
 occupy, I know not that I have met its equal. — Rev. James Shannon, President 
 of College of Louisiana. 
 
 These works will furnish a series of elementary publications for the study of 
 Latin altogether in advance of any thing which has hitherto appeared, either in 
 this country or in England. — American Biblical Repository. 
 
 We have made Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar the subject both of 
 reference and recitation daily for several months, and I cheerfully and decidedly 
 bear testimony to its superior excellence to any manual of the kind with which 
 I am acquainted. Every part bears the impress of a careful compiler. -The 
 principles of syntax are happily developed in the rules, whilst those relating to 
 the moods and tenses supply an important deficiency in our former grammars. 
 The rules of prosody are also clearly and fully exhibited. — Rev. Lyman Cole- 
 man, Principal of Burr Seminary, Manchester, Vt. 
 
 1 have examined Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar, and regard it as 
 superior to any thing of the kind now in use. It is what has long been needed, 
 and will undoubtedly be welcomed by every one interested in the philology of 
 the Latin language. We shall hereafter use it as a text-book in this institution. 
 — Mr. Wm. H. Shaler, Principal of the Connecticut Lit. Institution at Suffield. 
 
 This work bears evident marks of great care and skill, and ripe and accurate 
 scholarship in the authors. It excels most grammars in this particular, that, 
 while by its plainness it is suited to the necessities of most beginners, by its 
 fulness and detail it will satisfy the inquiries of the advanced scholar, and will 
 be a suitable companion at all stages of his progress. We cordially commend 
 it to the student and teacher. — Biblical Repository. 
 
 Your Grammar is what I expected it would be — an excellent book, and just the 
 thing which was needed. We cannot hesitate a moment in laying aside the 
 books now in use, and introducing this. — Rev. J. Penney, D. D., President of 
 Hamilton College, New York. 
 
 Your Grammar bears throughout evidence of original and thorough investiga- 
 tion and sound criticism. I hope, and doubt not, it will be adopted in our schools 
 and colleges, it being, in my apprehension, so far as simplicity is concerned, on 
 the one hand, and philosophical views and sound scholarship on the other, far 
 preferable to other grammars ; a work at the same time highly creditable to your- 
 selves and to our country. — Professor A. Packard, Bowdoin College, Maine. 
 
 This Grammar appears to me to be accommodated alike to the wants of the 
 new beginner and the experienced scholar, and, as such, well fitted to supply 
 what has long been felt to be a great desideratum in the department of classical 
 learning. — Professor S. North, Hamilton College, New York. 
 
 From such an examination of this Grammar as 1 have been able to give it, 1 
 do not hesitate to pronounce it superior to any other with which I am acquainted. 
 1 have never seen, any where, a greater amount of valuable matter eompressed 
 within limits equally narrow. — Hon. John Hall, Prin. of Ellington School, Conn. 
 
 We have no hesitation in pronouncing this Grammar decidedly superior to 
 any now in use. — Boston Recorder. 
 
 1 am ready to express my great satisfaction with your Grammar, and do not 
 hesitate to say, that 1 am better pleased with such portions of the syntax as 1 
 have perused, than with the corresponding portions in any other grammar with 
 which I am acquainted. — Professor N. W. Fiske, Amherst College, Mass. 
 
 I know of no grammar in the Latin language so well adapted to answer the 
 purpose for which it was designed as this. The book of Questions is a valuable 
 attendant of the Grammar. — Simeon Hart, Esq., Farmington, Conn. 
 
 This Grammar has received the labor of years, and is the result of much re- 
 flection and experience, and mature scholarship. As such, it claims the atten- 
 tion of all who are interested in the promotion of sound learning. — N. Y. Obs. 
 
 This Grammar is an original work. Its arrangement is philosophical, and its 
 rules clear and precise, beyond those of any other grammar we have seen.— 
 Portland Christian Mirror. 
 
 4 
 
THE 
 
 FIRST PART 
 
 JACOBS AND DORING'S 
 
 LATIN READER 
 
 ADAPTED TO 
 
 ANDREWS AND STODDARD'S 
 
 LATIN GRAMMAR. 
 
 ANDREWS' FIRST LATIN BOOK. 
 
 E. A. ANDREWS, LL. D. 
 
 I Fifteenth Edition. 
 
 BOSTON: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY CROCKER AND BREWSTER, 
 
 HINGTON 5 
 
 18 4 9. 
 
 47 Washington Street. 
 
-?v^ 
 
 *$ 
 
 .*>* 
 
 \ 
 
 Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1849, 
 
 BY CROCKER AND BREWSTER, 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Conrt of Massachusetts. 
 
 STEREOTYPED AT THE 
 BOSTON TYPE AND STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The Latin Reader, a new edition of which is here pre- 
 sented to the public, was originally prepared by its present 
 editor, as the first of a series of elementary works adapted 
 to the Grammar of Andrews and Stoddard. This series 
 now comprises, in addition to the Grammar above men- 
 tioned, Questions on the Grammar, Latin Lessons, The 
 Latin Reader, Latin Exercises, A Key to Latin Exercises, 
 Viri Romae, Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War, 
 Sallust, and Selections from Ovid. In the present edition, 
 the adaptation of this work to the Grammar, and to its 
 place in the series above enumerated, remains unaltered; 
 but, in addition to its original design, the Reader is now 
 intended to constitute the second part of a less extended 
 series, comprising the editor's First Latin Book, the Latin 
 Reader, and the Viri Romae. The latter series is designed 
 especially for those who commence the study of Latin at a 
 very early age, and also for such as intend to pursue the 
 same study to a limited extent only, or merely as a part of 
 general education. 
 
 The references at the foot of the pages relate to the 
 sections and subordinate divisions of Andrews and Stod- 
 dard's Latin Grammar. The references to Andrews' First 
 Latin Book may be found at the close of the volume. The 
 marks of reference in the text refer both to the notes at the 
 foot of the page and to those at the end of the book. In 
 the latter series, indeed, other notes are occasionally added, 
 and their place is denoted by quoting the words of the text 
 to which such notes relate. 
 
4 PREFACE. 
 
 The following extracts from the preface to the first edi- 
 tion will sufficiently explain the manner in which the 
 Reader was originally prepared by its present editor. 
 
 Three things were found to claim particular attention, in 
 preparing a new edition of this work. The first was the ar- 
 rangement of the Introductory Lessons, so as best to illus- 
 trate the principles of the Grammar, to which they were to 
 be adapted. The second was to furnish such grammatical 
 notes and references as should be necessary, in order to 
 explain the more difficult forms and constructions occur- 
 ring in the work. The third was the preparation of a 
 vocabulary more perfectly adapted, than those usually 
 found in introductory works, to the purpose for which it 
 was intended. 
 
 To accomplish the first purpose, it was found necessary 
 to make a few additions to the original work, with the in- 
 tention of illustrating more fully the principal rules of Latin 
 construction. That the object of the Introductory Lessons 
 may be better understood, and the place which each lesson 
 occupies in syntax more fully apprehended, each section 
 is prefaced by a series of questions relating to those parts 
 of the Grammar intended to be illustrated. 
 
 In the notes appended to this edition, the editor has 
 carried into effect a design, which he had long since 
 formed, of explaining the idioms of the language, in intro- 
 ductory works, by references to the Grammar, rather than 
 by remarks couched in different language from that with 
 which the student is already, in some degree, familiar. 
 He has hoped, by this means, to aid the student in forming 
 a clear, connected, and consistent view of the idiomatic 
 peculiarities of the language, and a habit of referring every 
 difficulty, whether in form or construction, to its appropriate 
 place in the Grammar. It is a matter of common observa- 
 tion, that, to most students, the philological notes usually 
 
PREFACE. O 
 
 found in elementary works are in a great degree lost, in 
 consequence of their connection with the grammar not 
 being sufficiently evident. This evil cannot, indeed, be 
 avoided, while the grammar with which the student is 
 furnished does not fully explain the idioms of the language. 
 While referring to the Grammar, the editor has endeavored 
 to keep in view the fundamental principle of education, that 
 the only efficient help which the student can receive, is that 
 which leads him ultimately to exercise his own faculties. 
 While, therefore, the less prominent difficulties are usually 
 explained upon their first occurrence, the student is after- 
 wards, in most cases, left to perceive the additional instances 
 in which the same principle is to be applied. In cases of 
 greater difficulty, however, reference is repeatedly made to 
 the same principle ; and this is more particularly the case in 
 regard to idioms which are either imperfectly exhibited, or 
 altogether overlooked, in the grammars heretofore in com- 
 mon use. It is not improbable that, to some teachers, the 
 references may appear too numerous, while, to others, the 
 unexplained difficulties may still seem too formidable for a 
 majority of those for whose use the work is intended. No 
 plan of assistance can be equally well adapted to all students ; 
 but the hope is entertained, that a system which sends them 
 back to their Grammar for information, will be liable to as 
 few objections and abuses as any which can be devised. 
 
 The preparation of the vocabulary has occasioned more 
 labor than any other part of the Reader; and, in its present 
 form, I trust that it will be found better adapted to its pur- 
 pose than such vocabularies usually are. The meanings 
 assigned to the words have been selected with careful 
 reference to all the places where those words occur in the 
 Reader. In this part, more than in any other, the former 
 editions of this work were defective, and that in a degree 
 that would scarcely be suspected by one who had not ex- 
 amined them in reference to this subject. 
 
6 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The participles occurring in the Reader may generally 
 be found in the vocabulary ; but in some cases, and especial- 
 ly when regularly formed from verbs of the first conjugation, 
 they have been intentionally omitted, since their formation 
 is as easy as that of any other part of the verb. The defi- 
 nitions of the participles have, in general, been omitted, 
 except in cases in which their meaning cannot be easily 
 inferred from that of their verbs. The formation of the 
 passive voice is seldom given, since its omission can occa- 
 sion no embarrassment to one who is moderately acquainted 
 with the paradigms of the Grammar. On the other hand, 
 the oblique cases of nouns and pronouns, and the perfect 
 tenses of verbs, when peculiarly irregular, are inserted in 
 their alphabetical order, with a reference to the words from 
 which they are derived. The derivation of words, except 
 when they immediately follow their primitives, is, in general, 
 given in the vocabulary. The quantity of the penult, in 
 all words of more than two syllables, when not determined 
 by general rules, is marked throughout this volume, as well 
 as in the Grammar to which it refers, in the hope that early 
 habits of incorrect pronunciation may, by this means, be in 
 a great measure prevented. 
 
 The references, at the foot of the pages, relate to the 
 sections and subdivisions of Andrews and Stoddard's Latin 
 Grammar. 
 
 E. A. ANDREWS. 
 
 New Britain, Sept, 1849. 
 
INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 
 
 SIMPLE SENTENCES. 
 
 OUtfJECT-NoMINATIVE AND VERB. 
 
 What is the rule for the agreement of a verb ? Gram. § 209. 
 Of what does a sentence consist ? § 203, 1. What is a simple 
 sentence ? § 203, 1. Of what does a proposition consist ? § 200. 
 What is the subject of a proposition ? § 200. What is the predi- 
 cate ? § 200. What is the grammatical subject ? § 201, 1. What 
 is the grammatical predicate ? § 202, 1. Define moods. § 143. 
 Define the indicative mood. § 143, 1. Define the active voice. 
 § 141, I. 1. Give the personal terminations of the active voice. 
 § 147, 3. What is the connecting vowel of a verb ? § 150, 5. 
 How does the present tense represent an action ? § 145, 1. What 
 are the terminations of the active voice, indicative mood, present 
 tense, in each conjugation ? § 152. 
 
 Ego amo. Tu mones. Rex a regit. Nos audimus. 
 Vos videtis. Pueri h ludunt. 
 
 Why are the nominatives ego, tu, nos> and vos, usually omitted ? 
 § 209, R. 1. 
 
 Audio. Amas. Aves c volant. Scribimus. Vocatis 
 Reges* regunt. 
 
 Voco. Jubes. Musa d canit. Rusticus 6 arat. Au- 
 ditis. Pueri legunt. Crescit arbor. 
 
 •§§28 and 78. >§§28and46. e §§62and74. * § 29 
 
8 
 
 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 
 
 Speramus. Praeceptor" docet. Labor 6 vincit. Fata' 
 vocant. Maims d tangunt. Sol lucet. 
 
 Tempus* fugit. Venit hiems/ Mors 7 venit. Latrant 
 
 How does the imperfect tense represent an action? § 145, II. 
 What are the terminations of the active voice, indicative mood, 
 imperfect tense, in each conjugation ? § 152. 
 
 Eram.' Ambulabas. Silva' stabat. Monebamus. 
 Dormiebatis. Fulgebant stellae/ 
 
 What does the future tense denote ? § 145, III. What are the 
 terminations of the active voice, indicative mood, future tense, in 
 each conjugation ? § 152. 
 
 Videbo. Audies. Deus dabit. Uret ignis.* Crescent 
 arbores.* Tempora venient. 
 
 How does the perfect tense represent an action ? § 145, IV. 
 What are the terminations of the active voice, indicative mood, 
 perfect tense ? § 152. 
 
 Veni, vidi, vici. Fuisti.* Fortuna dedit. Cecinit 
 avis. Cepimus. Audivistis." 1 Hostes ff fugerunt. 
 
 How does the pluperfect tense represent an action ? § 145, V. 
 What are the terminations of the active voice, indicative mood, 
 pluperfect tense ? § 152. 
 
 Fugerat umbra. Dixeras. Hannibal juraverat.™ Cep- 
 eratis. Pueri legerant. 
 
 What does the future perfect tense denote ? § 145, VI. What 
 are the terminations of the active voice, indicative mood, future 
 perfect tense ? § 152. 
 
 • § § 28 and 70. * § § 66 and 76. * § § 62 and 73. * § § 63 and 74. 
 
 • § § 58 and 70. f § \ 62 and 77. ■ § 153. l § § 61 and 70. 
 
 • § 46. * § § 30 and 74. i § 41. w § 150, 3 
 
 «* § § 87 and 88. 
 
INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. VI 
 
 Risero. Videris. Venerit hora. Pomum ceciderit. 
 Ambulaverimus. Canes cucurrerint. 
 
 Define the subjunctive mood. § 143, 2. What are the termina- 
 tions of the active voice, subjunctive mood, present tense, in each 
 conjugation? § 152. 
 
 Lab5ret manus. Faveat Fortuna. Sol* fulgeat. Ve- 
 niat tempus. Canamus. Capiatis. Arbores cadant. 
 
 What are the terminations of the active voice, subjunctive 
 mood, imperfect tense, in each conjugation ? § 152. 
 
 Philomela cantaret. Pomum penderet. Luna micaret. 
 Essetis. Vellemus. 6 Troja c staret. 
 
 What are the terminations of the active voice, subjunctive 
 mood, perfect tense ? § 152. 
 
 Amaverim. Docueris. Oculus* viderit. Latraverint 
 canes. Arbores creverint. 
 
 What are the terminations of the active voice, subjunctive 
 mood, pluperfect tense ? § 152. 
 
 Fuissem/ Potuisses/ Miles pugnavisset. Lepores 
 cucurrissent. Canes momordissent. 
 
 Define the imperative mood. § 143, 3. 
 
 Surge/ Legito/ Studete. Disce. Dicite. Equus 
 currito. Facit5te/ Pueri scribunto/ 
 
 Define the passive voice. § 141, I. 2. What is frequently 
 omitted or left indefinite in the active voice ? What in the 
 passive voice ? § 141, R. What are the terminations of the 
 passive voice, indicative mood, present tense, in each conjugation ? 
 § 152. 
 
 • § § 66, E. and 70. e § 29, 2. • § 153. * § 267 
 
 * § 178, 1. * § 46. / § 154, 6. 
 
10 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES* 
 
 Amor. Moneris. Vox a auditur. Laudamur. Au- 
 dimini. Tempora mutantur. 
 
 Doceris. Vincitur hostis. Flos 6 carpitur. Fabula' 
 narrator. Carmina d leguntur. 
 
 What are the terminations of the passive voice, indicative mood, 
 imperfect tense, in each conjugation ? § 152. 
 
 Aqua c fundebatur. Oppidum' defendebatur. Pande- 
 bantur portae. Saxa c volvebantur. Bella parabantur. 
 
 What are the terminations of the passive voice, indicative mood, 
 future tense, in each conjugation ? § 152. 
 
 Domus 7 aedificabitur. Narrabuntur fabulae. Epistola' 
 mittetur. Culpabimini. 
 
 What are the terminations of the passive voice, indicative mood, 
 perfect tense ? — pluperfect tense ? — future perfect tense ? § 152. 
 
 Auditus es. Naves mersae sunt. Datae sunt leges.* 
 Sparsa erant folia/ Hostes victi erant. Missi erimus. 
 
 What are the terminations of the passive voice, subjunctive 
 mood, present tense ? — imperfect tense ? — perfect tense ? — plu- 
 perfect tense ? § 152. 
 
 Praemia dentur. Panis ematur. Premeretur caseus. 
 Veherer. Tegeretur caput. Victus sit miles. Hostes 
 capti essent. 
 
 What are the terminations of the passive voice, imperative 
 mood ? § 152. 
 
 Laudator^ industria. Puniuntor fiires. 
 Oves non ubique tondentur. Aliter psittacus loquitur, 
 aliter homo/ Oculi saepe mentiuntur. 
 
 • § § 62 and 78. «* §§ 66 and 71. * § 267. 
 
 *§§58and75. * § 46. * §§ 31 and 69, E. 2 
 
 c § 41. / §§ 88 and 89. 
 
introductory exercises. 11 
 
 Predicate-Nominative. 
 
 What is the rule for the predicate-nominative ? § 210. 
 
 Eur5pa est peninsula. 
 Ossa* ejus 6 lapis fiunt. 
 Ego poeta c salutor. 
 Inertia est vitium. 
 Homo sum. 
 Ebrietas d est insania. 
 Dux 9 electus est Q. Fabius. 
 
 Agreement of Adjectives. 
 
 What is the rule for the agreement of adjectives ? § 205 
 What is the logical subject of a proposition ? § 201, I. What is 
 the logical predicate ? § 202, L 
 
 Fugaces-' labuntur anni. 
 Fugit irreparabile tempus. 
 Venit glacialis hiems/ 
 Silva vetus* stabat. 
 Culpa tua 1 est. 
 Dira parantur bella. 
 NuhV mora est. 
 Brevis est voluptas.* 
 Parvae res crescunt. 
 Brevis est via. 
 Terra est rotunda. 
 Vera amicitia est sempiterna. 
 
 a §§ 61. and 75, E. 1. 
 
 • § § 30 and 78. 
 
 * § 139. 
 
 * § 211. 
 
 / § § 112 and 78. 
 
 f § 107 
 
 e §28. 
 
 *§§ 62 and 77. 
 
 
 * §§62 and 72. 
 
 * § 1)3. 
 
 
12 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 
 
 Fames et sitis sunt* molestae. 4 
 Plurimae* stellae sunt soles. 
 Ebrietas est vitanda/ 
 Nemo semper 6 felix est. 
 Non* omnes milites-^ sunt fortes. 
 Maximum c animal g terrestre est elephas.* 
 Fortes* laudabuntur, ignavi* vituperabuntur. 
 Ursi interdum bipedes y ingrediuntur. 
 Aquilae semper solae praedantur. 
 Bonus* laudatur, improbus vituperatur. 
 Omnes moriemur/ alii l citius,™ alii serius."* 
 A varus nunquam erit contentus. 
 
 The Accusative after Active Verbs. 
 
 What is the rule for the object of an active verb ? § 229, 
 
 Diem* perdidi. 
 
 Terra parit flores. 
 
 Crocodnus ova parit. 
 
 Elephantus odit p murem q et suem. r 
 
 Cameli diu sitim' tolerant. 
 
 Accipitres' non edunt corda u avium. 
 
 Lanae nigrae nullum 1 color em bibunt. 
 
 Senes* minlme 771 sentiunt morbos contagiosos. 
 
 Cervi cornua sua w quotannis amittunt. 
 
 a § 209, R. 12. 
 
 4 § 205, R. 7, 
 
 (10 
 
 * § § 67, E. and 76, E. 3 
 
 » § 205, R. 2. 
 
 i § 210. R. 3, 
 
 (2.) 
 
 r § § 30, and 76, E. 3. 
 
 • § 125, 5. 
 
 * § 209, R. 1 
 
 
 * § 79, 2. 
 
 * § 274, R. 8. 
 
 1 § 107. 
 
 
 « §§ 58 and 71. 
 
 * § 277. 
 
 m § 194. 
 
 
 tt §§61and71. 
 
 / § 73. 
 
 w § 90, E. 
 
 
 • § 78, E. 2. 
 
 * § § 66 and 70. 
 
 °§ 46. 
 
 
 "§ 208 
 
 * § § 62, E. 1, and 72, E. 2. * § 183, 3, N. 
 
INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 13 
 
 Ceres" frumentum invenit; Bacchus vinum; h Mercu- 
 rius litter as. b 
 
 Canes soli c dominos suos d bene* novere/ soli nomina* 
 sua d agnoscunt. 
 
 Hystrix aculeos longe' jaculatur. 
 
 Sturni 71 et psittaci humanas voces 1 imitantur. 
 
 Miltiades Athenas j totamque Grceciam liberavit. 
 
 Apposition. 
 
 What is the rule for words in apposition ? § 204. 
 
 Plurimi* Scythae, bellicosissimi 1 homines, lacte m vescuntur. 
 
 Delphinus, am?nal n hommi aniicum, cantu^ gaudet. 
 
 Carthago 9 atque Corinthus/ opulentissimce 1 urbes, r eo- 
 dem anno 8 a Romanis' eversae sunt. 
 
 Quam brevi" tempore * populi Romani, omnium gen- 
 tium * victoris, libertas fracta est ! 
 
 Mithridatem, Ponti regem, Tigranes, rex Annenius, 
 excepit. 
 
 Genitive after Nouns. 
 
 What is the rule for the genitive after nouns? § 211. 
 
 Crescit amor nummi. 
 
 Honos est premium" virtutis. 
 
 a § 73, E. 3. 
 
 * § § 62 and 78. 
 
 * § 29, 2. 
 
 h § 229, R. 3, 1. 
 
 i § 96. 
 
 r § § 62 and 77. 
 
 c § 107. 
 
 * § 125, 5. 
 
 • § 253. 
 
 d § 208. 
 
 1 § 124. 
 
 « § 248, 1. 
 
 • § 192, II. 1. 
 
 m § 245, 1. 
 
 tf § 113. 
 
 / § 183, 3, N. 
 
 n § § 66 and 70. 
 
 • § 83, 3. 
 
 * §§ 66 and 71. 
 
 § 222. 
 
 w § 210 
 
 * § 46. 
 
 * § 245, II 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
14 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 
 
 Sol est lux mundi. 
 Semiramis erat Nini uxor. 
 Infinita est multitudo" morborum. 
 Litterarum usus est antiquissimus. 
 Asia et Africa greges ferorum asinorum alit.* 
 Magna est linguarum inter * homines varietas. 
 Canis vestigia ferarum diligentissime scrutatur. 
 Nemo non c benignus est sui judex. 
 Leonum animi index d « cauda.* 
 
 Genitive after Adjectives. 
 
 What is the rule for the genitive after adjectives ? § 213. — 
 after partitives ? § 212. 
 
 Semper fragilitatis humance sis-^ memor. 
 Elephanti frigaris* impatientes sunt. 
 Stultissima* animalium h sunt lanata. 
 Velocissimum* omnium animalium est delphlnus. 
 Neque stultorum quisquam* beatus, neque sapientium 
 non beatus. 
 
 Gallorum omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae. 
 
 Dative. 
 
 What is the rule for the dative after verbs ? § 223. — after 
 adjectives? §222. 
 
 Arma- / fecit Vulcanus Achilli. 
 
 Redditur terra corpus. 
 
 Oves nobis suam* lanam prsebent. 
 
 §§ 59, 2, and 69, E. 1. 
 
 • § 209, R. 4. 
 
 * § 205, R. 12 
 
 i 209, R. 12, (2.) 
 
 / § 260, R. 6. 
 
 J §96. 
 
 § 277, R. 4. 
 
 *§§ 66 and 76. 
 
 * § 208. 
 
 Ǥ210 
 
 * § 83, 1. 
 
 1 § 235 
 
INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 15 
 
 Tristitiara et metum* tradam ventis. 
 Natura animatibus varia tegumenta* tribuit, testas, coria, 
 spinas, villos, setas, pennas, squamam. 
 
 Homini soli 6 avaritia et ambitio d data est.' 
 
 Inter omnes bestias 7 simia homini simillima s est. 
 
 Leoni h vis 1 summa est in pectore. 
 
 Antiquissimis j hominibus h specus erant pro domibus.* 
 
 Gallinacei leonibus 1 terrori 1 sunt. 
 
 Homo fiiriosus ne m liberis quidem m suis parcit. 
 
 Grata* 1 mihi tua epistola fuit. 
 
 Accusative after Prepositions. 
 
 What is a preposition ? § 195. What is the rule for the accu- 
 sative after prepositions ? § 235. 
 
 Ad Jinem propero. 
 
 Apud Romanos mortui* plerumque cremabantur. 
 
 Cullces^ acida ? petunt ; ad dulcia non ad volant. 
 
 Nulla habemus arma contra mortem. 
 
 Vir r generosus mitis est erga victo$.° 
 
 Germani habitant trans Ithenum. 
 
 Nulla est firma amicitia inter malos. 
 
 Camelus naturale odium adversiis equos gerit. 
 
 Pictae vestes jam apud Homerum commemorantur. 
 
 Cometae ob raritatem et speciem sunt mirabiles.* 
 
 Navigatio d juxta litus saepe est periculosa. 
 
 ° § 278. 
 
 e § 125, 2. 
 
 m § 279, 3. 
 
 * § 102, III. 4. 
 
 * § 226. 
 
 n § 205, N. 1. 
 
 e § 107. 
 
 * § 85. 
 
 • § 205, R. 7, (1.) 
 
 <* §§ 59, 1, and 69. 
 
 ) § 124. 
 
 * § 78, E. 1. 
 
 • § 209, R. 12, (2.) 
 
 * § 241. 
 
 * § 205, R. 7, (2.) 
 
 / § 212, R. 2, N. 4. 
 
 * § 227. 
 
 r §48. 
 
16 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 
 
 Apud JEthiopes maximi elephanti in silvis° vagantur. 
 Hippopotamus segetes 6 circa Nilum depascitur/ 
 
 In and Sub. 
 What is the rule for in and sub ? § 235, (2.) 
 
 Aquilae nidificant c in rupibus et arboribus* 
 
 Coccyx semper parit in aMenis nidis. 
 
 In senectute' hebescunt- 7 ' sensus; visus, auditus debili- 
 tatur. c 
 
 In India gignuntur maxima animalia. 
 
 Hyaenas plurimae in Africa gignuntur. 
 
 In Africa, nee s cervi, nee apri, nee ursi reperiuntur. 
 
 In Syria nigri leones reperiuntur. 
 
 Circa Cyllenen^ montem in Arcadia, merulae Candidas 
 nascuntur. 
 
 Serus in ccelum redeas.' 
 
 Victi Persae in naves confugerunt. 
 
 Numa Pompilius annum in duodecim menses distribuit. 
 
 Pontius Theleslnus Romanos sub jugum misit. 
 
 Gallia sub septentriombus posita est. 
 
 Ablative after Prepositions. 
 
 What is the rule for the ablative after prepositions ? § 241. 
 
 Litterae a Phcenicibus J inventae sunt. 
 Carthago, Corinthus, Numantia, et multae aliae urbes, 
 a Romanis* eversae sunt. 
 
 a § 235, (2.) e § § 67 and 76, E. 2. * § 260, R. 6. 
 
 » §§ 61, 1, and 73. / § 187, II. 2. i § 248, 1. 
 
 • § 145, 1. 1. * § 278, R. 7. 
 
 * § 278. * § 44 
 
INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES 17 
 
 Quidam° homines nati sunt cum dentibus. b 
 Xerxes cum paucissimis milifibus e ex Grcecid aufugit.* 
 Metellus primus* elephantos ex primo Punico bello 
 duxit in triumpho. 
 
 Cantabit vacuus coram latrone viator. 
 Sidera ab ortu ad occasion commeant. 
 Britannia a Phcenicibus inventa est. 
 Apes sine rege esse 7 non possunt. 
 Infans^ nihil, 71 sine aliend ope potest. 
 Dulce est pro patrid mori.* 
 Venenum aliquando pro remedio fuit. 
 Aqua Trebiae fluminis erat pectorlbus tenus. 
 
 Ablative without a Preposition. 
 
 What is the rule for nouns denoting the cause, manner, &c. ? 
 §247. What is the rule for utor, &c? §245, I. — for Utor, 
 gaudeo, &c. ? §245, II. — for verbs signifying to abound, &c. ? 
 § 250, R. 1, (2.) — for a noun denoting the time at or within which 
 any tiling is said to be or to be done ? § 253. — for a limiting noun 
 denoting a property, character, or quality^ § 211, R. 6. — for the 
 price of a thing ? § 252. 
 
 Apri in morbis sibi J " medentur hederd. 
 Pyrrhus rex* tactu pollicis in dextro pede* lienosis / 
 medebatur. 
 
 Oleo insecta exanimantur. 
 
 Ferae domantur fame atque verberibus™ 
 
 Anacreon poeta* acino uvae passse exstinctus est. 
 
 a § 207, R. 33. / § 271. / § 223, R. 2. 
 
 h § G4, 1. * § § 30 and 77. * § 279, 9. 
 
 c § 249, III. * § 232, (2.) ■ § § 58, and 73, E. 2. 
 
 * § 196, LI. * § 269. m § 60, 2. 
 
 • § 205, R. 15. 
 
18 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 
 
 Crocodilus pelle durissimd a contra omnes ictus munitur. 
 
 In Africa 6 elephanti c capiuntur foveis. 
 
 Elephanti spirant, bibunt, odorantur proboscide. 
 
 Populi quidam d locustis vescuntur. 
 
 Dentes asu e atteruntur, sed igne f non cremantur. 
 
 Mures Alpini binis pedibus gradiuntur, prioribusque ut 
 manibus utuntur. 
 
 Leaenae jw&a carent. 
 
 Elephanti maxime amnibus gaudent/ 
 
 Apes tinriitu aeris gaudent eoque convocantur. 
 
 Quibusdam in locis* anseres bis anno velluntur. 
 
 Color lusciniarum autumno mutatur. 
 
 Hieme ursi in antris dormiunt. 
 
 Nemo mortalium h omnibus horis sapit. 
 
 Prim5res dentes septimo mense gignuntur ; septimo iidem 
 decidunt* anno. 
 
 Antipater Sidonius, poeta, quotannis, die natali stw } 
 febre corripiebatur. 
 
 JEstate dies sunt longi5res quam hieme. 
 
 Reperiuntur interdum cervi candido color eJ 
 
 Isocrates orator unam orationem viginti talentis ven- 
 didit. 
 
 Luscinia Candida, sex sestertiis Romae venit. 
 
 Lednes facile per triduum cibo carent. 
 
 Infinitive. 
 
 Upon what may the infinitive depend? § 270. After what 
 classes of verbs is the infinitive used without a subject ? § 271. 
 
 a § 124. d 5 207, R. 33. * § 142, R. 2. * § 163, E. 1. 
 
 * § 254, R. 3. • § 87. & § 212. i § 211, R. 6. 
 
 • § 9a / § 63, 1. 
 
INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 19 
 
 Whose action must an infinitive denote, when used after a verb 
 without a subject? §271, R. 3. 
 
 Te cupio videre. 
 
 Volui dormlre. 
 
 Aude contemriere opes. 
 
 Carmina" possumus dondre. 
 
 Poteram 6 contingere ramos. 
 
 Nihil* amplius scribere possum. 
 
 Ego cupio ad te venire. 
 
 Intelligere non possum. 
 
 Cessator esse noli. 
 
 Cur timet flavum Tiberim tangere ? 
 
 Philippus volebat d amdri. 
 
 Alexander metui volebat. 
 
 Tecum 8 vivere amo. 
 
 Naturam mutdre pecunia nescit. 
 
 Bene ferre disce magnam fortunam. 
 
 Angustam pauperiem pati puer discat/ 
 
 Did beatus^ ante obitum nemo debet. 
 
 iEquam memento 71 rebus in arduis servdre mentem. 
 
 Aurum vestlbus* intexere invenit rex Attalus. 
 
 Non omnes homines aequo amore y complecti possumus. 
 
 IllecSbras voluptatis vitdre debemus. 
 
 Romae elephantes per tunes incedere docebantur. d 
 
 What is the rule for the infinitive as a subject ? § 269. 
 
 Err are est* humanum.* 
 Turpe* est* beneficium repetere. 
 
 * § § 66 and 71. - § 133, R. 4. * § 224. 
 » | 154, 6. / § 260, R. 6. ' § 247. 
 
 * § 94. * § 210, R. 1. * § 209, R. 3, (5.) 
 
 * § 145, II. * § 183, 3. * § 205, R. 8 
 
20 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 
 
 Beneficiis* gratiam non referre etiam turpius est. 
 Parentes suos 6 non amare est impium. 
 
 Gerunds and Gerundives. 
 
 By what cases are gerunds followed ? § 275, I. What is the 
 rule for the genitive of gerunds and gerundives ? § 275, III. R. 1 
 
 Plurimae sunt illecebrae peccandi.. 
 
 Artem scribendi Phoenices, artem acu e pingendi 
 Phryges d invenerunt. 
 
 Cupiditas vivendi nunquam immensa esse debet. 
 
 Honestissima' est contentio benefices c beneficia vin- 
 cendi. 
 
 Homo natura/ est cupidus nova semper videndi et 
 audiendi. 
 
 Libri sunt inu tiles ignaro^ legendi. 
 
 Initum* est consilium urbis delendce, 1 civium trucidan- 
 dorum, nominis Romani exstinguendi. 
 
 What is the rule for the dative of gerunds and gerundives ? 
 § 275, III. R. 2. 
 
 Olim calamus adhibebatur* scribendo. 
 
 Aqua marina inutilis est bibendo. 
 
 Culex habet telum et* fodiendo et k sorbendo idoneum. 
 
 What is the rule for the accusative of gerunds and gerundives •* 
 § 275, III. R. 3. 
 
 Non omnes aequaliter 7 ad discendum proni sumus. 
 
 a § 223. * § 205, N. 1. * § 275, II. 
 
 * § § 208, and 269, R. 1. / § 249, II. * § 145, If. L 
 e § 247. * § 222. * § 278, R. 7. 
 
 * § 78. * § 182, & ' § 192 II. 2 
 
INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 21 
 
 Omnes Graeciae civitates pecuniam ad adificandam* 
 classem dederunt. 
 
 What is the rule for the ablative of gerunds and gerundives ? 
 § 275, III. R. 4. 
 
 Funem abrumpes nimium 6 tendendo. 
 
 Docendo discimus. 
 
 Mens alitur discendo et cogitando. 
 
 Lacedaemonii exercebant c juvenes, venando, currendo, 
 esuriendo, sitiendo, algendo, czstuando. 
 
 Simiae catulos saepe* complectendo necant. 
 
 Amicus amicum semper aliqua re juvabit, aut re, aut 
 consilio, aut consolando certe.* 
 
 COMPOUND SENTENCES. 
 
 What is a compound sentence ? § 203. How may the members 
 of a compound sentence be connected ? § 203, 4. 
 
 Conjunctions. 
 
 What is the rule for copulative and disjunctive conjunctions ? 
 
 §278. 
 
 Sol ruit et montes umbrantur. 
 
 Vir d bonus et prudens dici delector ego. 
 
 Immensa est, fmemque 6 potentia Dei non habet. 
 
 Accipere praestat' quam facere injuriam. 
 
 Rapere atque abire semper assuevit lupus. 
 
 Semper honos, nomenywe tuum, l&udesque manebunt. 
 
 * What does this adverb modify ? 
 
 " § 275, II. c § 145, II. 1. e § 198, R. 2. 
 
 » § 192, II. 4, (c.) <* § 210. . / § 209, R. 3, (5.) 
 
22 
 
 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 
 
 Sapientem neque a paupertas, neque a mors, neque a vin- 
 cula teiTent. 
 
 Juno erat Jovis et soror et conjux. 
 
 Nox b erat et fulgebat luna. 
 
 In praelio cita mors venit, aut victoria laeta. 
 
 Marius et Sylla civile bellum gesserunt/ 
 
 Leti vis rapuit, raapietque gentes. 
 
 Non formosus erat, sed d erat facundus Ulysses. 
 
 Si* divitiae felicitatem praestant, avaritia prima virtus 
 est. 
 
 Adverbs. 
 
 Quoties literas tuas lego, omnem mihi / praeteritorum 
 temporum memoriam in mentem revoco. 
 
 Magna debemus suscipere, dura vires suppetunt. 
 
 Cervi, quamdiu cornlbus carent, noctu ad pabula pro- 
 cedunt. 
 
 Quidam crocodllum/ quamdiu vivat,* crescere* existl- 
 mant, vivit autem-' multos annos.* 
 
 Gloria virtutem, tanquam umbra, sequitur. 
 
 Comparison. 
 
 What are the two ways of expressing a comparison by means 
 of the comparative degree ? § 256. 
 
 Canes Indici l grandiores sunt quam ceteri." 1 
 Nullum malum est vehementius n et importunius" quam 
 invidia. 771 
 
 a § 278, R. 7. 
 
 / § 211, R. 
 
 5,1. 
 
 * § 236. 
 
 * §§ 62, and 78, E. 2. 
 
 * § 239. 
 
 
 ■ § 128,1.2. 
 
 e § 209, R. 12. 
 
 * § 266, 1. 
 
 
 m § 278. 
 
 * § 198, 4. 
 
 * § 272. 
 
 
 w § 124 
 
 • § 198, 8. 
 
 / § 279, 3. 
 
 
 
INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 23 
 
 Interdum ferarum animos mitiores* invenimus quam 
 hominum. 6 
 
 Latro ferae est similior quam hommi. c 
 
 Major est animi voluptas quam corporis. 6 
 
 In montibus aer d purior est et tenuior quam in vallibus. 
 
 What is the rule for the ablative after comparatives ? § 256. 
 
 Nihil est dementia divinius. 
 
 Aurum gravius est argento. 
 
 Adamas durior est ferro ; ferrum* durius ceteris metallis. 
 
 Luna terrae propior est sole. 
 
 Quid magis est durum saxo, quid mollius aqua 1 
 
 Relative Pronouns. 
 
 What is the rule for the construction of relatives ? § 206. 
 
 Non omnis ager, qui seritur, ferl/ fruges/ 
 
 Psittacus, quern India mittit, reddit verba, quae accepit. 
 
 Achilles, cujus res gestas Homeri carraina celebrant, ad 
 Hellespontum sepultus est. 
 
 Myrmecides quidam quadrigam fecit ex ebore, A quam 
 musca alis * integebat. 
 
 Qui bonis j non recte utitur, ei k bona mala fiunt. 1 
 
 Beneficium reddit, qui ejus m bene memor est. 
 
 Grues n in itineribus ducem, quern sequantur, eligunt. 
 
 Copias suas Caesar in proximum collem subduxit, equi- 
 tatumque, qui sustineret ° hostium impetum, misit. 
 
 a § 124. 
 
 / § 179. 
 
 * § 206, (3,) (a.) 
 
 » § 211, R. 7. 
 
 *§ 94. 
 
 * § 180. 
 
 e § 278. 
 
 * § 71, E. 3. 
 
 m § 213. 
 
 <*§ 5. 
 
 1 § 247. 
 
 n §§ 67, E., and 76, E. 3 
 
 • § 209, R. 4. 
 
 1 § 245, I. 
 
 ° § 264, 5 
 
24 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 
 
 Subjunctive Mood. 
 
 What mood does cum take ? § 263, 5. What is the rule for 
 cum in narration ? § 263, R. 2. 
 
 Platea, cum devoratis se implevit conchis," testas 
 evomit. 
 
 Ceres frumenta b invenit, cum antea homines glandibus e 
 vescerentur. 
 
 Nave d primus e in Graeciam Danaus advenit, cum antea 
 ratibus 7 navigaretur/ 
 
 Alexander, rex 71 Macedonia^ cum Thebas cejpisset, 
 Pindari vatis h familiae * pepercit. 
 
 What is the general rule for the subjunctive after particles? 
 §262. 
 
 Tanta est in India ubertas soli, ut j sub una ficu* turmae 
 equitum l condantur. 
 
 Ursi per hiemem m tarn gravi somno a premuntur, ut 3 ne n 
 vulneribus quidem n excitentur. 
 
 Delphini tanta interdum vi e mari exsiliunt, ut j vela ? 
 navium transvolent. 
 
 In India serpentes ad tantam magnitudinem adolescunt, 
 ut integros hauriant cervos taurosque. 
 
 Fac, 9 ut homines animum tuum pluris r faciant, quam 
 omnia, quae illis * tribuere possis.* 
 
 * § 249, 1. 
 
 * § 204. 
 
 § 82, E. 1. 
 
 > § 102, 4. 
 
 * § 223, R. 2. 
 
 p § 233. 
 
 e § 245, L 
 
 i § 262, R. 1. 
 
 « § 162, 4. 
 
 d §§ 62 and 74. 
 
 * § 235, (2.) 
 
 r § 214. 
 
 • § 205, R. 15. 
 
 1 § 31. 
 
 * § 223. 
 
 / § 247. 
 
 m § 236, R. 5. 
 
 ■ § 266, 1. 
 
 < § 209, R. 3, (2.) 
 
 n § 279, 3. 
 
 
INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 25 
 
 Alexander edixit, ne quis ipsum" prseter Apellera 
 pingeret. h 
 
 Pythagoreis interdictum fait, ne fabis e vescerentur. 
 
 Oculi palpgbris d sunt muniti, ne quid incidat.' 
 
 Nihil fere 7 tarn reconditum est, quin g quaerendo* in- 
 veniri possit. 6 
 
 Nunquam tarn mane egredior, neque tarn vesperi do- 
 mum j reverter, quin g te in fun do conspicer 1 fodere,* aut 
 arare,* aut aliquid facere.* 
 
 Xerxes non dubitabat, quin g copiis suis Grsecos facile 
 super at urus esset. 1 
 
 In what mood is the verb put in dependent clauses containing 
 an indirect question ? § 2G5. 
 
 Quaeritur, unus ne sit l mundus, an plures. OT 
 
 Disputabant veteres philosophi, casu ne factus sit mun- 
 dus, an mente divina. 
 
 Augustus cum amicis suis consultabat, utrum imperium 
 servaret, an deponeret. 
 
 Perperam qua3ritur, num in amici gratiam jus violari 
 possitJ 
 
 Ciconiae quonam e loco veniant, aut in quas se regiones 
 confer ant, incompertum est. n 
 
 Quis numerare potest, quoties per totam vitam lacrymas 
 fuderit ? 
 
 What is the rule for the infinitive with the accusative ? § 272. 
 
 Aristoteles tradit, in Latmo, Cariae monte, hospites a 
 scorpionibus ° non Icedi, indigenas interimi. 
 
 a § 207, R. 28. / § 277, R. 1. * § 272, R. 5. 
 
 » § 258, 2, (2.) * § 262, R. 10, 2. » § 258, 2, (1.) 
 
 c § 245, 1. * § 275, III. R. 4. m § 110. 
 
 * §§ 13 and 15. * § 258, 1, (1.) n § 209, R. 3, (5.) 
 
 e § 258, 1, (2.) J § 237, R 4. • § 248, 1. 
 3 
 
26 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 
 
 M. Varro narrat, a cuniculis" suffossum 1 in Hispania 
 opptidum, a talpis in Thessalia ; ab ranis incolas urbis in 
 Gallia pulsosf ab locustis in Africa ; ex Gyaro insula 
 incolas a muribus fugatos* in Italia Amyclas c a serpenti- 
 bus deletas esse. 
 
 Observation est/ pestilentiam semper a meridianis 
 partibus ad occidentem ire. 
 
 Homerus Pygmceos, populum ad oceanum, a gruibus 
 infestari prodidit; Aristoteles eosdem in cavernis vivere 
 narrat. 
 
 Posteri aliquando querentur nostra culpa mores eversos 
 esse. 
 
 Virgilius per testamentum * jusserat carmina sua cremari ; 
 id f Augustus fieri vetuit. 
 
 Sertorius cervam alebat candidam, quam e Hispaniae 
 gentes fatidicam esse credebant. 
 
 Ulustre est inter philosophos nomen Anaxagorae/ quern 
 veteres nunquam in vita risisse ferunt. 
 
 Participles. 
 
 What is the rule for the agreement of participles ? § 205. By 
 what cases are participles followed ? § 274, 1. What is said of 
 the time of the present, perfect, and future active participles ? 
 § 274, 2. 
 
 Exempla fortunae variantis sunt innumera. 
 
 Galli diem venientem cantu h nuntiant. 
 
 Cecrops urbem { ase a conditam appellabat Cecropiam.* 
 
 ft § 248, 1. 
 
 * § 270, R. 3. 
 
 • § 239. 
 
 * § 209, R. 3, (5.) 
 
 • § 247, R. 4. 
 / | 206, (13.) 
 
 '§ 44. 
 * § 247. 
 
 < § 230 
 
INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 27 
 
 Augustus primus" Romae 6 tigrin ostendit mansue- 
 factam. 
 
 Gymnosophistae in India toto die d ferventibus arenis* 
 insistunt, Solem 7 intuentes. 
 
 Epimenides puer/ aestu* et itinere fessus, septem et 
 quinquaginta annos d in specu dormivisse dicitur. 
 
 Julius Caesar simul dictare/ et legentem j audire solebat. 
 
 Leo prostratis k parcit. 
 
 Aves aduncos ungues habentes carne* vescuntur, nee 
 unquam congregantur. 
 
 Canis venaticus venatorem comitantem loro h ad ferarum 
 lustra trahit. 
 
 Beneficium non in eo m consistit, quod datur, sed in 
 ipso dantis 3 animo. 
 
 Struthiocameli Africi altitudmem equitis equo ' insidentis 
 excedunt. 
 
 Interdum n delphmi conspecti sunt, defunctum delphinum 
 portantes, et quasi" funus agentes. 
 
 Multa, quae de infantibus ferarum lacte nutrltis produn- 
 tur, fabulosa videntur. 
 
 Homo quidam, lapide ictus, oblitus est literas; alius, 
 ex praealto tecto lapsus, matris et affinium nomina dicere 
 non potuit. 
 
 L. Siccius Dentatus, centies vicies prodiatus, quadraginta 
 quinque cicatrices adverso corpora** habebat, nullam in 
 tergo/ 
 
 a § 205, R. 15. 
 
 * § 204. 
 
 ■ § 245, I. 
 
 & § 221, I. 
 
 * § 247. 
 
 m § 205, R. 7, (2.) 
 
 c § 80, 1., E. 2. 
 
 * § 271. 
 
 n § 277. 
 
 <* § 236. 
 
 / § 205, R. 7, (1.) 
 
 § 216. 
 
 e § 224. 
 
 * § 223, R. 2. 
 
 p § 254, R. 3. 
 
 
 
 
28 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 
 
 Leones satiati innoxii sunt. 
 
 Elephantes nemmi a nocent, nisi lacessiti. 
 
 Elephantes amnem h transituri c minimos praemittunt. 
 
 Pavo laudatus ° gemmatam pandit caudam. 
 
 Gallus, ab adversario^ victus, c occultatur* silens, et 
 servitium patitur. 
 
 Leo vulnerdtus c percussorem intelligit, et in quantalibet 
 multitudine appetit. 
 
 Olores iter facientes colla imp5nunt prcecedentibus ; e 
 fessos duces ad terga recipiunt. 
 
 Testudines in mari 7 degentes conchyliis* vivunt; in 
 terram egresses, herbis/ 
 
 Sarmatae, longinqua itinera facturi, media pridie praepa- 
 rant equos, potum exiguum impertientes ; atque ita lon- 
 gissTmam viam continuo cursu conficiunt. 
 
 Elephanti, equitatu circumventi, infirmos aut fessos ml- 
 neratosque in medium agmen recipiunt. 
 
 Multos morientes cura sepulturae angit. 
 
 Danaus, ex iEgypto in Graeciam advectus, rex k Argivo- 
 rum factus est. 
 
 Alexander, Bucephalo equo defuncto, duxit exequias, 
 urbemque Bucephalon appellatam ejus tumulo* circum- 
 dedit. 
 
 P. Catienus Plotinus patronum adeo dilexit, ut, heres 
 omnibus ejus bonis j institutus, in rogum ejus se conjiceret* 
 
 * occultatur, instead of se occultat, hides himself. § 248, 1. 
 
 * § 223, R. 2. • § 224. * § 224, R. 1. 
 
 * § 233. / § 82, E. 1. / § 211, R. 5. 
 
 * § 274, 3. * § 245, II. * § 262. 
 
 * § 248, I. * § 210. « § 278 
 
INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 29 
 
 Erinacei volutdti super poma, humi" acentia, ilia 
 spinis b affixa in cavas arbores portant. 
 
 Indicum mare testudmes tantae magnitudinis c alit, ut 
 singulae tugurio tegendo d sufficiant/ 
 
 Leones, series facti, appetunt homines, quoniam ad 
 persequendas f feras vires non suppetunt. 
 
 Struthiocamelis s ungulae sunt cervinis sinnles, com- 
 prehendendis d lapidibus utiles, quos in fuga contra scquen- 
 tes h jaculantur. 
 
 Ablative Absolute. 
 
 What is the rule for the ablative absolute ? § 257. 
 
 Senescente Lund* ostrea tabescere dicuntur, crescente 
 eddem, gliscunt. Cepe contra, L/und deficiente, revires- 
 cere, adolescente, inarescere dicitur. 
 
 Geryane * interempto, Hercules in Italiam * venit. 
 
 Sabmis* debellatis, Tarquinius triumphans Romam' 
 rediit. 
 
 Jasone* Lycio interfecto, canis, quem habebat, cibum 
 capere noluit, inediaque confectus est. 
 
 Regis Lysimachi canis, domino accensae pyrae h imposito, 
 in flammas se conjecit. 
 
 Nicomede rege interfecto, equus ejus vitam finivit media. 
 
 Chilo, unus e septem sapientlbus,* filio victore l Olym- 
 pian,™ prae gaudio exspiravit. 
 
 * What is denoted in this ease by the ablative absolute ? 
 
 * § 221, I , R. 3. / § 275, II., & III. R.3. / § 237. 
 
 b | 224. g § 226. k § 212, R. 2, N. 4. 
 
 * § 211, R. 6. h § 205, R. 7, (1.) " § 257, R. 7. 
 <* § 275, II., and III. R. 2. * § 237, R. 5. w § 221. I 
 
 * § 262. 
 
30 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 
 
 Apes, aculeo amisso, statim eraori existimantur. Eae- 
 dem, rege interfecto aut morbo consumpto, fame a luctuque 
 moriuntur. 
 
 Pavo, cauda amissd, pudibundus ac moerens quaerit 
 latebram. 
 
 Erinacei, ubi sensere venantem, contracto ore pedibus- 
 que, convolvuntur # in formam pilae, ne quid h comprehendi 
 possit c praeter aculeos. 
 
 * convolvuntuTj for se convolvunt y roll themselves. § 248, R. 1. 
 • § 247. » § 138. • § 262 
 
FABLES FROM ^ESOP 
 
 1. ACCIPITER ET COLUMBJE 
 
 Columbje milvii metu # accipitrem rogaverunt, ut eas 
 defenderet." Ille annuit. At in 6 columbare receptus, 
 uno die c maj5rem stragem edidit, quam milvius longo 
 tempore e potuisset d edere. 
 
 Fabula docet, malorum* patrocinium / vitandum* esse.* 
 
 2. Mus et Milvius. 
 
 Milvius laqueis* irretitus musculum-' exoravit, ut eum, 
 corrSsis plagis,* liberaret." Quo* facto, milvius liberatus 
 murem arripuit et z devoravit. 
 
 Haec fabula ostendit,™ quam gratiam mali* pro beneficiis 
 reddere" soleant. 
 
 3. H(edus et Lupus. 
 Hoedus, stans in 6 tecto domus, lupo p praetereunti 9 
 
 * Supply ducta. § 247, R. 2. 
 
 
 a § 262. 
 
 s § 274, R. 8, 
 
 m § 229, R. 5 
 
 i § 235, (2.) 
 
 * § 272. 
 
 n § 271. 
 
 • § 253. 
 
 i § 247. 
 
 § 265. 
 
 d §§ 154, 6, and 260, II. 
 
 / § 231, and R. 3. 
 
 P § 225. 
 
 • § 205, R. 7, (1.) 
 
 * § 257, and R. 1. 
 
 * § 182, and R. a 
 
 / §239. 
 
 * §278 
 
 
32 
 
 FABLES FROM MSOP. 
 
 maledixit. Cui a lupus, Non tu, inquit, 6 sed tectum mihi 
 maledicit. c 
 
 Ssepe locus et tempus homines timidos audaces reddit.* 
 
 4. Grus et Pavo. 
 
 Pavo, coram grue pennas suas e explicans, Quanta est, d 
 inquit/ formositas mea et tua deformitas ! At grus evo- 
 lans, Et quanta est, inquit, levitas mea et tua tarditas ! 
 
 Monet haec fabula, ne ob aliquod bonum, quod 7 nobis" 
 natura tribuit, alios s contemnamus/ quibus natura alia' 
 et s fortasse majora dedit. 
 
 5. Pavo. 
 
 Pavo graviter* conquerebatur l apud Junonem, domi- 
 nam m suam, quod vocis suavitas sibi negata esset/ dum 
 luscinia, avis tarn parum dec5ra, cantu excellat. n Cui 
 Juno, Et merit o, in quit ; non enim ° omnia bona l in unum 
 conferri oportuit. p 
 
 6. Anseres et Grues. 
 
 In 9 e5dem quondam prato pascebantur* anseres et 
 grues. Adveniente domino r prati, grues facile avolabant ; 
 sed anseres, impediti corporis gravitate/ deprehensi et J 
 mactati sunt. 
 
 Sic saepe pauperes, cum potentioribus in eodem crimine 
 deprehensi, soli dant' pcenam, dum illi salvi evadunt. 
 
 tt § 223. 
 
 * § 273, 2. 
 
 
 § 279, 3. 
 
 * § 279, 6. 
 
 * § 205, R. 7, 
 
 (2.) 
 
 ? § 273, 4. 
 
 c § 209, R. 12, (7.) 
 
 / § 278. 
 
 
 q § 235, (2.) 
 
 a § 209, R. 12, (2.) 
 
 * § 192, II. 2. 
 
 
 r § 257. 
 
 * § 208. 
 
 " § 145, II. 1. 
 
 
 ' § 247. 
 
 / § 206. 
 
 m § 204. 
 
 
 f § 145, 1. 1 
 
 * § 205, R. 7, (1.) 
 
 n § 266, 3. 
 
 
 
FABLES FROM ^SOP. 33 
 
 7. Capra et Lupus. 
 
 Lupus capram* in alta rupe stantem conspicatus, Cur 
 non, in quit, relinquis nuda ilia et sterilia loca, et hue 
 descendis in herbidos campos, qui tibi latum pabulum 
 offerunt ? Cui respondit capra : Mihi b non est in ammo, 
 dulcia c tutis e prczporiere. d 
 
 8. Venter et Membra. 
 
 Membra quondam dicebant ventri: Nosne* te semper f 
 ministerio s nostro alemus, h dum ipse summo otio* frueris 1 
 Non faciemus* Dum igitur ventri j cibum subducunt, 
 corpus debilitatur, et membra* sero invidiae* suae poenituit. 
 
 9. Canis et Boves. 
 
 Canis jacebat m in praesepi n bovesque latrando ° a pabu- 
 lo arcebat. Cui unus bourn/ Quanta ista q , inquit, invidia 
 est, quod non pateris, ut eo cibo r vescamur,' quern tu ipse 
 capere nee velis 1 nee possis ! 
 
 Haec fabula invidiae indolem declarat. 
 
 10. Vulpes et Leo. 
 
 Vulpes, quae nunquam leonem viderat, quum ei u forte 
 occurrisset/ ita est perterrita, ut w paene moreretur* formid- 
 
 
 * Supply hoc. 
 
 
 * § 274, 1. 
 
 * § 245, I. 
 
 * § 207, R. 25. 
 
 * § 226. 
 
 / § 224, R. 2. 
 
 r § 245, 1. 
 
 c § 205, R. 7, (2.) 
 
 * § 229, R. 6. 
 
 • § 262. 
 
 <* § 269. 
 
 1 § 215, (1.) 
 
 ■ § 266, 1. 
 
 * § 279, 3. 
 
 m § 145, 11. 1. 
 
 u § 224. 
 
 /§ 279,15. 
 
 n § 82, E. 1. 
 
 • § 263, R. 2. 
 
 *§ 247. 
 
 • § 275, R. 4. 
 
 w § 262, R. 1. 
 
 * § 209, R. 1. 
 
 * § 212 
 
 
34 FABLES FROM JESOP. 
 
 Ine. a Eundem conspicata 6 iterum, timuit quidem,' sed 
 nequaquam/ ut antea.* Tertio illi e obviam facta, ausa' 
 est etiam propius f accedere, eumque^ alloqui. 
 
 11. Cancri. 
 
 Cancer dicebat h filio : Mi l filij ne k sic obliquis semper 
 gressibus* incede, sed recta vid a perge. Cui ille, Mi 
 pater, respondit, libenter tuis prceceptis 1 obsequar, si te 
 prius idem facientem videro. m 
 
 Docet haec fabula, adolescentiam n nulla re* magis, 
 quam exemplis , instrui/ 
 
 12. Boves. 
 
 In eodem prato pascebantur* tres boves in maxima * 
 concordia, et sic ab omni r ferarum incursione tuti erant. 
 Sed dissidio* inter illos orto, singuli a feris' petiti et laniati 
 sunt. 
 
 Fabula docet, quantum boni" sit" in concordia. 
 
 13. AsInus. 
 
 Asmus, pelle" le5nis indutus, territabat homines et 
 bestias, tanquam leo esset.* Sed forte, dum se celerius* 
 
 # 
 
 What do 
 
 nequaquam and antea 
 
 modify ? 
 
 t 
 
 What is 
 
 understood after 
 
 propius f 
 
 • § 247. 
 
 
 / § 52. 
 
 
 r § 279, 7. 
 
 & § 274, 1. 
 
 
 * § 267, R. I. 
 
 
 * § 257. 
 
 e § 279, 3. 
 
 
 ■ § 223, R. 2. 
 
 
 ■ § 248, I. 
 
 * § 277. 
 
 
 m § 145, VI. 
 
 
 tt § 212, R. 3. 
 
 9 § 228. 
 
 
 n § 239. 
 
 
 • § 265. 
 
 / § 142, R. 
 
 2. 
 
 § 278. 
 
 
 w § 249, 1. 
 
 ' § 233. 
 
 
 p § 272. 
 
 
 • § 263,2. 
 
 * § 145, II. 
 
 1. 
 
 « § 125, 5. 
 
 
 y § 256, R. 9 
 
 ■ § 139. 
 
 
 
 
 
FABLES FROM ^£SOP. 35 
 
 movet, aures eminebant ; unde agnitus in pistrinum ab- 
 ductus est, ubi poenas petulantiae dedit. 
 
 Haec fabula stolidos a notat, qui immeritis honorfbus* 
 superbiunt. 
 
 14. MULIER ET GaLLINA. 
 
 Mulier quaedam habebat gallinam, quae ei quotidie ovum 
 pariebat aureum. Hinc suspicari coepit, illam auri 
 massam intus celare/ et gallinam occidit. Sed nihil in ea 
 reperit, nisi quod* in aliis gallinis reperiri c solet. Itaque 
 dum majorlbus divitiis / inhiabat, etiam minores* per- 
 didit. 
 
 15. VlATORES ET AsiNUS. 
 
 Duo a qui una iter faciebant, asinum oberrantem in 
 solitudine conspicati, accurrunt laeti, et uterque eum sibi 
 vindicare coepit, quod eum prior* conspexisset/ Dum 
 vero contendunt et rixantur, nee * a' verberibus abstinent, 
 asinus aufugit, et neuter eo* potitur. 
 
 16. Corvus et Lupi. 
 
 Corvus partem praedae petebat a lupis,* quod eos totum 
 diem m comitatus esset.* Cui illi, Non tu nos, inquiunt, 
 sed pradam sectatus es, idque eo animo, b ut ne nostris 
 guidem n corporibus parceres* si exanimarentur. p 
 
 * With what noun does minores agree ? 
 
 ° § 205, R. 7, (1.) s § 205, R. 15. i § 231, R. 2. 
 
 » § 247. * § 266, 3. m § 236. 
 
 e § 271. * § 198, R. 4. n § 279, 3. 
 
 * § 272. i § 242, R. 1. ° § 223, R. 2. 
 '§206, (4.) *§245,I. '§261,1. 
 
 * § 224. 
 
36 FABLES FROM MSOP. 
 
 Merito in actionibus non spectatur, quid fiat/ sed quo 
 animo fiat." 
 
 17. Pastores et Lupus. 
 
 Pastores caesa ove 6 convivium celebrabant. Quod c quum 
 lupus cerneret/ Ego, in quit, si agnum rapuissem, e quantus tu- 
 multus Jieret ! e At isti f impune ovem comedunt ! Turn unus 
 illorum/ Nos enim, h inquit, nostra, non aliend ove 1 epuldmur. 
 
 18. Carbonarius et Fullo. 
 
 Carbonarius, qui spatidsam habebat domum, invitavit 
 fullonem, ut ad se commigraret.- 7 ' Ille respondit : Quanam 
 inter nos esse possit k societas ? quum tu vestes, quas ego 
 nitidas reddidissem, 1 fuligme et maculis inquinaturus esses. m 
 
 Haec fabula docet dissimilia 71 non debere conjungi/ 
 
 19. Tubicen. 
 
 Tubicen ab hostibus* captus, Ne r me, inquit, interjicite ; 
 nam inermis sum, neque s quidquam habeo prceter hanc 
 tubam. At hostes, Propter hoc ipsum, inquiunt,' te interi- 
 memus, quod, quum ipse pugnandi u sis d imperltus, alios 
 adpugnam incitare soles. 
 
 Fabula docet, non solum maleficos* esse puniendos," 
 sed etiam eos,* qui alios ad male faciendum^ irritent.* 
 
 * § 265. / § 273, 2. r § 267, R. I. 
 
 * § 257. * § 260, II. R. 5. * § 198, R. 4. 
 e § 206, (13.) » § 266, 1. « § 279, 6. 
 
 <* § 263, 5. m § 260, R. 7, (2.) u § 275, III. R. 1. 
 
 * § 261 , 1. ■ § 205, R. 7, (2,) and N. * § 205, R. 7, (1.) 
 / § 207, R. 25. ° § 272. w § 274, R. 8. 
 
 * § 212. p § 271. * § 278. 
 
 * § 198, 5. * § 248, 1. y § 275, III., R. a 
 
 * § 245, II 
 
FABLES FROM .ESOP. 37 
 
 20. ACCIPITRES ET COLUMB.E. 
 
 Accipitres quondam acerrime inter se belligerabant. 
 Hos columbae in gratiam reducere* conatae effecerunt, 6 ut 
 illi pacem inter se c facerent. Qua/ firmata, accipitres 
 vim suam in ipsas columbas converterunt. 
 
 Haec fabula docet, potentiorum discordias e imbecilliori- 
 bus 7 saepe prodesse. 
 
 21. MULIER ET GaLLINA. 
 
 Mulier vidua gallinam habebat, quae ei quotidie unum 
 ovum pariebat. Ilia existimabat,* si gallinam diligentius 
 saginaret/ fore/ ut ilia bina i aut terna ova quotidie 
 pareret. Quum autem cibo superfluo gallina pinguis 
 esset^ facta, plane ova parere* desiit. 5 
 
 Haec fabula docet, avaritiam saepe damnosam k esse. 
 
 22. VULPES ET UVA. 
 
 Vulpes uvam in vite conspicata ad illam subsiliit omni- 
 um virium suarum contentione/ si earn forte attingere pos- 
 set/ Tandem defatigata inani labore discedens dixit : At 
 nunc etiam acerhcz sunt, nec m eas in via repertas n tollerem. 
 
 Haec fabula docet, multos ea contemnere, quae se p 
 assequi posse desperent. 
 
 * What is 
 
 the 
 
 object of existimdbat f 
 
 § 229, R. 5. 
 
 § 271. 
 
 
 s § 260. 
 
 m § 278, R. 5. 
 
 * § 273, 1. 
 
 
 » § 268, R. 4. 
 
 n § 274, 3. 
 
 c § 208. 
 
 
 * § 119, III, 
 
 § 261. 
 
 d § 257. 
 
 
 J § 263, 5. 
 
 p § 271, R. 3 
 
 • § 239 
 
 
 * § 205, N. 1 
 
 f § 162, 7 
 
 /§ 224. 
 
 
 * § 247. 
 
 
38 FABLES FROM JESOP. 
 
 
 23. Vulpes ET Lejena. 
 
 Vulpes leaenae exprobrabat, quod nonnisi unum catulum 
 pareret." Huic dicitur respondisse, Unum, sed leonem. 
 
 Haec fabula, non copiam sed bonitatem rerum aestiman 
 dam 6 esse, docet. 
 
 24. Mures. 
 
 Mures aliquando habuerunt consilium, quomodo sibi c a 
 fele caverent.* Multis aliis* propositis, omnibus f placuit, 
 ut ei s tintinnabulum annecteretur ; sic enim ipsos h sonitu 
 admonitos earn fugere posse.* Sed quum jam inter 
 mures quaereretur/ qui feli* tintbnabulum annecteret,* 
 nemo repertus est. 
 
 Fabula docet, in suadendo * plurimos esse audaces,* sed 
 in ipso periculo timidos.™ 
 
 25. Canis mordax. 
 
 Cani^ mordaci paterfamilias jussit tintinnabulum ex aere 
 appendi, 71 ut omnes eum cavere possent. Ille vero aeris 
 tinnitu* gaudebat, et, quasi 3 virtutis suas praemium 7 " esset, # 
 alios canes prae se contemnere coepit. Cui unus senior, 
 O te stotidum, inquit, qui ignorare* videris, isto tinnitu 
 pravitatem morum tuorum indicari ! u 
 
 * What is 
 
 the 
 
 subject-nominative of esset ? 
 
 ° § 266, 3. 
 
 
 
 * § 208, (4.) 
 
 § 262. 
 
 * § 274, R. 8. 
 
 
 
 * § 270, R. 2. 
 
 p § 245, II. 
 
 c § 223. 
 
 
 
 / § 263, 5, R. 2. 
 
 5 § 263, 2. 
 
 <*§ 265. 
 
 
 
 * § 275, III. R. 4. 
 
 r § 210. 
 
 ' § 205, R. 7, 
 
 (2.) 
 
 
 1 § 205, N. 1. 
 
 • § 238, 2. 
 
 / § 223, R. 2. 
 
 
 
 m § 278. 
 
 ■ § 271. 
 
 § 224. * § 273, 2. u § 272. 
 
FABLES FROM -KSOP. 39 
 
 Haec fabula scripta est in a eos, qui sibi 6 insignibus flagi- 
 tiorum suorum placent. 
 
 26. Canis et Lupus. 
 
 Lupus canem videns bene saginatum, Quanta est, 
 inquit, felicitas tua! Tu, ut videtur, laute vivis, at ego 
 fame eriecor. Turn canis, Licet, inquit, mecura in urbem 
 venias, d et eddem felicitate 6 fruaris. Lupus conditionem 
 accepit. Dum una eunt, animadvertit lupus in collo canis 
 attritos f pilos. Quid hoc est 1 # inquit.f Num jugum 
 susiinesl cervix enim tua tota est glabra. Nihil est, 
 canis respondit. Sed interdiu me aUigant, ut noctu sim 
 vigilantior ; atque hcec sunt vestigia collaris, quod cerviei* 
 circumdari solet. Turn lupus, Vale, inquit, amice ! h 
 nihil 1 moror felicitatem servitute emptam! 
 
 Haec fabula docet, liberis' nullum commodum tanti* 
 esse, quod servitutis calamitatem compensate possit. 1 
 
 27. Lupus et Grus. 
 
 In faucibus lupi os inhaeserat. Mercede igitur conducit 
 gruem, qui illud extrahat."* Hoc 71 grus longitudine colli 
 facile effecit. Quum autem mercedem postularet, subri- 
 dens lupus et dentibus infrendens, Num tibi, inquit, parva 
 merces videtur,\ quod caput incolume ex lupi faucibus 
 extraocisti 1 
 
 * What is the predicate-nominative of est ? 
 \ What is the object of inquit ? 
 
 X What is the subject of videtur ? § 201, IV., 1. 
 
 a § 235, (2.) / § 270, R. 3. * § 214. 
 
 * § 223, R. 2. * § 224, R. 1. * § 264, 1. 
 e ,§ 133, 4. * § 240. m § 264, 5. 
 
 * § 262, R. 4. * § 214, N. 2. n § 206, (13.) 
 
 * § 245, 1. / § 211, R. 5. ° § 210 
 
40 
 
 FABLES FROM iESOP. 
 
 28. Agricola et Anguis. 
 
 Agricola anguem reperit frigore paene extinctum. Mise- 
 ricordia" motus eum fovit sinu, 6 et subter alas c recondidit. 
 Mox anguis recreatus vires d recepit, et agricolae* pro 
 beneficio letale vulnus inflixit. 
 
 Hsec fabula docet, qualem mercedem mali pro beneficiis 
 reddere soleant/ 
 
 29. A sinus et Eq,uus. 
 
 Asmus equum beatum* praedicabat, qui tarn copiose 
 pasceretur,* quum sibi post molestissimos labores ne* 
 paleae quidem satis praeberentur/ Forte autem bello* 
 exorto equus in proelium agitur, et circumventus l ab 
 hostibus, post incredibiles labores tandem, multis vulneri- 
 bus confossus, collabitur. Haec omnia asinus conspicatus, 
 O me stoUdum, inquit, qui beatitudinem ex m prcesentis 
 temporis fortund cestimaverim ! h 
 
 30. Agricola et Filii. 
 
 Agricola senex, quum mortem sibi* appropinquare 
 sentiret, filios convocavit, quos, ut fieri solet," interdum 
 discordare noverat, et fascem virgularum afFerri jubet. 
 Quibus* allatis, filios hortatur, ut hunc fascem frangerent/ 
 Quod 5 quum facere non possent, distribuit singulas virgas, 
 
 * What is 
 
 here denoted by the 
 
 ablative absolute ? § 257. 
 
 • § 247, R. 2. 
 
 * § 230. 
 
 
 
 m § 195, R. 2. 
 
 > § 254, R. 3. 
 
 * § 264, 8. 
 
 
 
 - § 209, R. 3, (6.) 
 
 ' § 235, (4.) 
 
 * §'279,3. 
 
 
 
 § 272. 
 
 ^ § 85. 
 
 J § 263, 5. 
 
 
 
 p § 273, 2. 
 
 • § 224. 
 
 * §257. 
 
 
 
 * § 206, (13.) 
 
 / § 265. 
 
 * §§ 248, I., and 274, 
 
 1. 
 
 
FABLES FROM JESOF. 41 
 
 iisque celeriter fractis, docuit # illos, quam firma res f esset h 
 concordia, quamque imbecillis discordia. 
 
 31. Eq,uus et Asinus. 
 
 Asinus onustus sarcinis equum rogavit, ut aliqua parte* 
 oneris se c levaret/ si se c vivum videre vellet.' Sed ille 
 asini preces repudiavit. Paulo post igitur asinus lab5re 
 consumptus in via corruit, et efflavit animam. Turn 
 agitator omnes sarcuias, quas asinus portaverat, atque 
 insuper etiam pellem asino-^ detractam in equum imposuit. 
 Ibi ille sero priorem superbiam deplorans, O me s miserum, 
 in quit, qui parvulum onus in me recipere noluerim* quum 
 nunc cogar tantas sarcinas ferre, una cum pelle comitis 
 mei, cujus preces tarn superbe contempseram. 
 
 32. MULIER ET ANCILL.E. 
 
 Mulier vidua, quae texendo i vitam sustentabat, solebat 
 ancillas suas de nocte excitare ad opus, quum primum 
 galli cantum audivisset. At illas diuturno labore fatigatae 
 statuerunt gallum interficere.- 7 ' Quo* facto, deteri5re con 
 ditidne* quam priusj esse coeperunt. Nam dornma, de 
 hora noctis incerta, 771 nunc famulas saepe jam prima nocte 
 excitabat. 
 
 * What is the accusative of the " thing " after docuit? § 231, R. 3. 
 t What is the subject-nominative of esset ? 
 X Supply fuerant. 
 
 ° § 251. 
 
 / § 224, R. 2. 
 
 i § 271, and R. 3. 
 
 * § 265. 
 
 * § 238, 2. 
 
 * § 206, (13.) 
 
 <§ 208,(1.) 
 
 * § 264, 8. 
 
 ■ § 245, III. 
 
 * § 273, 2. 
 
 * § 275, R. 4. 
 
 m § 213, R. 4, and (4.> 
 
 • § 266, 1. 
 
 
 
 4* 
 
42 FABLES FROM ^SOP. 
 
 33. Testudo et Aqjjila. 
 
 Testudo aquilam magnopere orabat, ut sese a volare 
 doceret. 6 Aqu3a ei ostendebat quidem, eam c rern d petere 
 naturae 6 suae contrariam ; sed ilia nihilo 7 minus instabat, 
 et obsecrabat aqu2am/ ut se h volucrem facere vellet.* 
 Itaque ungulis arreptam* aquila sustulit in sublime, et 
 demisit illam, ut per aerem ferretur. Turn in saxa incidens 
 comminuta interiit. 
 
 Haec fabula docet, multos cupiditatibus suis' occoecatos 
 consilia prudentiorum respuere, et in exitium mere stul- 
 titia* sua. 
 
 34. LUSCINIA ET ACCIPITER. 
 
 Accipiter esuriens rapuit lusciniam. Quae, quum intel- 
 ligent sibi z mortem impendere, ad preces conversa orat 
 accipitrem/ ne se perdat sine causa. Se enim m avidissi- 
 mum ventrem illius non posse n explere, et suadere adeo, 
 ut grandiores aliquas volucres venetur. 1 Cui accipiter, 
 Insanirem, inquit, si part am prcedam amitiere, et incerta* 
 pro certis p sectari vellem. 
 
 35. Senex et Mors. 
 Senex in silva ligna ceciderat, 7 iisque 7 * sublatis domum* 
 
 * With what does arreptam agree ? 
 
 a § § 133, R. 2, and 208, (1.) * § 208, (1.) n § 270, R. 2. 
 
 * § 209, R. 2, (1,) (ft.) * § 273, 2. ° § 261, 1. 
 
 e § 239. J § 208. p § 205, R. 7, (2.) 
 
 d § 229. * § 247. * § 145, V. 
 
 ' § 222. * § 224. r § 257. 
 
 / § 256, R. 16. m § 198, 5. • § 237, R. 4. 
 
 * § 231, R. 3 
 
FABLES FROM iESOP. 43 
 
 redire coepit. Quum aliquantum a viae 6 progressus esset, 
 et c onere et via defatigatus fascem deposuit, et secum d 
 aetatis et inopiae mala* contemplates Mortem clara voce 
 invocavit, quae ipsum ab omnibus his malis 7 liberaret/ 
 Turn Mors senis precibus auditis* subito adstitit,* et, 
 quid vellet,* percunctatur. 7 At Senex, quern 3 jam vo- 
 tomm* suorum poenitebat, 1 Nihil,f inquit, sed requiro, 
 qui m onus paululum allevet, 5 dum ego rursus subeo. % 
 
 36. Inimici. 
 
 In eadem navi vehebantur duo, n qui inter se° capitalia 
 odia exercebant. Unus eSrun/ in prora, alter in puppi 
 residebat. Orta tempestate ingenti, quum omnes de vita 
 desperarent, interrogat || is, qui in puppi sedebat, guberna- 
 torem, Utram partem navis p prius submersum iri existima- 
 ret. 1 Cui gubernator, Prorarn^ respondit. Turn ille, 
 Jam mors mihi non molesta est, quum inimici mei mortem 
 adspecturus sim. r 
 
 37. HlNNULEUS ET CeRVUS. 
 
 Hinnuleus quondam patrem suum his verbis interro- 
 gate* dicitur : Mi l pater, quum multo u sis major canibus v 
 
 * Supply seni. t Supply volo. t Supply id. 
 
 |1 What is the accusative of the " thing " after interrogat ? § 231, R. 3 
 IT To what does prora correspond ? § 204, R. 11. 
 
 ° § 236. * § 265. p § 212. 
 
 6 § 212, R. 3. 5 § 229, R. 6. » § 258, R. I. 
 
 e § 278, R. 7. * § 215, (1.) r § 260, R. 7, (2.) 
 
 <* § 133, R. 4. ^ 209, 3, (4.) * § 162, 7. 
 
 9 § 274, 1. m § 206, (4.) ' § 139. 
 
 / § 251, R. 1. n § 205, R. 7, (1.) u § 23T6, R. 16. 
 
 ' § 264, 5. • § 235, R. 2. * § 256 
 
 \ 
 
 § 257. 
 
44 FABLES FROM JESQP. 
 
 et tarn ardua cornua habeas" quibus a te vim propulsare 
 possis, b qui jit* ut canes tantopere metuas 1 Ibi cervus 
 ridens, Mi nate, in quit, vera memoras ; mihi e tamen, nescio 
 quo pacto, semper accidit* ut audita canum* voce, in 
 fugam statim convertar. 
 
 Haec fabula docet, natural formidolosos nullis rationibus 
 fortes f reddi posse. 
 
 38. Hcedus et Lupus. 
 
 Quum hoedus evasisset lupum, et confugisset in caulam 
 ovium/ Quid h tu, stulte, inquit ille/f hie te salvum futu- 
 rum 1 speras, ubi quotidie pecudes rapi et diis mactdri 
 videas 1 j Non euro, inquit hoedus ; nam si moriendum k 
 sit, quanto 1 prceclarius m mihi n erit, meo cruore aspergi 
 aras deorum immortalium, quam irrigdri siccas lupi 
 fauces. 
 
 Haec fabula docet, bonos mortem, quse p omnibus q 
 immmet, non timere/ si cum honestate et laude conjuncta 
 sit/ 
 
 39. CORVUS ET VULPES. 
 
 Corvus alicunde caseum rapuerat, et cum illo in altam 
 arborem subvolarat.' Vulpecula ilium caseum appetens 
 corvum blandis verbis adoritur ; quumque primum formam 
 
 * 
 
 What 
 
 is the subject of this verb ? 
 
 
 t 
 
 To what does Me relate ? 
 
 §207, 
 
 R. 23. 
 
 a § 278. 
 
 
 ^ § 231, R. 5. 
 
 
 § 239. 
 
 » § 266, 1. 
 
 
 * § 270, R. 3. 
 
 
 * § 206. 
 
 e § 223. 
 
 
 i § 266, 1. 
 
 
 « § 224. 
 
 <* § 83, 2, E. 
 
 
 * § 225, III., R. 1. 
 
 
 r § 272. 
 
 • § 249, II. 
 
 
 « § 256, R. 16. 
 
 
 • § 260. 
 
 / § 210, R. 1. 
 
 
 m § 205, R. 8. 
 
 
 ■ § 162, 7 
 
 ' § 83, 2. 
 
 
 n § 222. 
 
 
 
FABLES FROM ^SOP. 40 
 
 ejus a pennarumque nit5rem laudasset, Pol, inquit, te 
 avium 1 regem esse dicer em, c si cantus pulchritudini d tuce 
 responderet. c Turn ille laudibus vulpis inflatus etiam 
 cantu se valere demonstrare voluit. Ita vero* e rostro 
 aperto caseus delapsus est, quern vulpes arreptum devo 
 ravit. 
 
 Haec fabula docet, vitandas 7 esse adulatorum voces, qui 
 blanditiis suis nobis ff insidiantur. 
 
 40. Leo. 
 
 Societatem junxerant leo, juvenca, capra, ovis. Prae- 
 da* autem, quam c&perant, in quatuor partes aequales 
 divisa, leo, Prima, ait, mea est;* debetur* enim hcec 
 prcestantice mece. Tollam et secundam, quam meretur 
 robur meum. Tertiam vindicat sibi 1 egregius labor metis. 
 Quartam qui sibi arrogare voluerit, J is k sciat, 1 se habi- 
 turum™ me inimicum sibi" Quid facerent irabecilles 
 bestiae, aut quae f sibi leonem infestum habere vellet ? ° 
 
 41. Mus et Rusticus. 
 
 Mus a rustico* in* caricarum acervo deprehensus tam 
 acri morsu ejus digitos vulneravit, ut r ille eum dimitteret, 
 dicens : Nihil, mehercule, tam pusillum est, quod de salute 
 desperdre debeat* modo se defendere et vim depulsdre veliU 
 
 
 * What 
 
 is the subject of this verb 
 
 ? 
 
 
 t Supply bestia. 
 
 
 ° § 208, (6.) 
 
 
 *§ 257. 
 
 § 260. 
 
 & § 83, 2. 
 
 
 * § 208. 
 
 p § 248, 1. 
 
 e § 261, 1. 
 
 
 i § 266, 1. 
 
 * § 279, 10. 
 
 <* § 223. 
 
 
 * § 206, (3,) (a.) 
 
 r § 262, R. 1. 
 
 • $279,3. 
 
 
 1 § 260, R. 6. 
 
 • § 264, 1. 
 
 / § 274, R. 8. 
 
 
 m § 270, R. 3. 
 
 • § 263 2 
 
 *§ 224. 
 
 
 n § 222. 
 
 
46 
 
 FABLES FROM JESOP. 
 
 42. Vultur et Avicul^:. 
 
 Vultur aliquando aviculas invitavit a ad convivium, quod 
 illis daturus esset b die c natali suo. Quae quum ad tempus 
 adessent, eas carpere et occidere, epulasque sibi de invitatis 
 instruere coepit. 
 
 43. Ran^:. 
 
 Ranae laetabantur, quum nuntiatum esset Solem uxorem 
 duxisse/ Sed una ceteris* prudentior, O vos f stolidos, 
 in quit; nonne meministis, g quant opere nos scepe unius 
 Solis cBstus excruciet 1 k Quid igitur Jiet, quum liberos 
 etiam procreaverit ? * 
 
 44. Ran^: et Jupiter. 
 
 Ranae aliquando regem sibi a Jove y petivisse dicuntur. 
 Quarum ille preclbus exoratus trabem ingentem in lacum 
 dejecit. Ranae sonitu perterritae primum refugere/ deinde 
 vero trabem in aqua natantem conspicatae magno cum 
 contemptu* in ea consederunt, aliumque sibi novis clamor- 
 ibus regem expetiverunt. Turn Jupiter earum stultitiam 
 puniturus™ hydrum illis misit, a quo n quum plurimae captae 
 perirent, sero eas stolidarum precum poenituit. 
 
 45. Lupi et Past5res. 
 
 Quum Philippus, rex Macedonia?, cum Atheniensibus 
 fcedus initurus esset ea conditi5ne,° ut orat5res suos 
 
 • § 145, IV. 
 
 / § 238, 2. 
 
 * § 209, R. 5. 
 
 * § 266, 3. 
 
 * § 183, 3, N. 
 
 1 § 247, R. 3. 
 
 c § 253. 
 
 * § 265. 
 
 m § 274, R. 6. 
 
 * § 272. 
 
 * § 145, VI. 
 
 w § 248, 1. 
 
 • §256. 
 
 / § 85. 
 
 § 249 II. 
 
FABLES FROM JESOP. 47 
 
 ipsi a traderent, Demosthenes populo narravit fabulam, 
 qua iis b callidum regis consilium ante oculos poneret.' 
 Dixit enim lupos quondam cum pastoribus pactos esse/ 
 se nunquam in posterum* greges esse impugnaturos, si 
 canes ipsis dederentur. Placuisse stultis pastoribus con- 
 ditionem ; sed quum lupi caulas excubiis f nudatas vidis- 
 sent, eos^ impetu facto h omnem gregem dilaniasse. 
 
 46. PlJER MENDAX. 
 
 Puer oves pascens crebro per lusum magnis clamoribus 
 Dpem rustic5rum imploraverat, lupos gregem suum aggres- 
 sos esse fingens. Ssepe autem frustratus eos, qui auxilium* 
 laturi^ advenerant, tandem lupo re vera irruente, multis cum 
 lacrymis k vicinos orare coepit, ut sibi l et gregi m subvemrent. 
 At illi eum pariter ut antea ludere n existimantes preces 
 ejus et lacrymas neglexerunt, ita ut lupus libere in oves 
 grassaretur, plurimasque earum^ dilaniaret. 
 
 47. Corvus. 
 
 Corvus, qui caseum forte q repererat, gaudium alta voce r 
 significavit. Quo 5 sono r allecti plures corvi famelici 
 advolaverunt, # impetuque in ilium facto, oplmam ei f 
 dapem eripuerunt. 
 
 
 * Supply ad eum. 
 
 
 a § 223. 
 
 * § 257. 
 
 § 274, 2. 
 
 b § 211, R. 5, (1.) 
 
 * § 274, 1. 
 
 * § 212. 
 
 c § 264, 5. 
 
 J § 274, 6. 
 
 • § 192, I. 3. 
 
 * § 272. 
 
 * § 247, R. 3. 
 
 r § 247. 
 
 • § 205, R. 7, (1.) 
 
 1 § 208, (1.) 
 
 • § 206, (17.) 
 
 /§ 251. 
 
 OT § 224. 
 
 ' § 224, R. 2 
 
 ' § 278. 
 
 n § 268. 
 
 
48 FABLES FROM iESOP. 
 
 48. CoRNIX ET COLUMBA. 
 
 Cornix Columbae gratulabatur" fcecunditatem, quod 
 singulis mensibus pullos excluderet. 6 At ilia, Ne mei, 
 inquit, doloris causam commemores. Nam quos d pullos 
 educo, eos dominus raptos aut ipse corriedit, out aliis 
 comedendos 6 vendit. Ita mihi mea fcecuncfatas novum 
 semper luctum parit. 
 
 49. Leo, Asinus, et Vulpes. 
 
 Vulpes, asinus, et leo venatum 7 iverant/ Ampla 
 pneda facta, leo asmum illam partiri jubet.* Qui quum 
 singulis singulas partes poneret aequales, leo eum correptum 
 dilaniavit, et vulpeculae partiendi* negotium tribuit. Ilia 
 astutior leoni^ partem maximam apposuit, sibi vix mini- 
 mam reservans particulam. Turn leo subridens ejus 
 prudentiam laudare, et unde hoc didicerit* interrogare, 
 coepit. Et vulpes, Hujus me, inquit, calamitas docuit,* 
 quid minor es potentioribus debeant. k 
 
 50. Muscje. 
 Effusa mellis copia est : Muscae advolant : f 
 Pascuntur. At mox impeditis cruribus 
 Revolare 2 nequeunt. m Hen miseram, inquiunt, vicem ! n 
 
 * What is the accusative of the " thing" after docuit? 
 t Supply ad met. 
 
 a § 223, and (1.) / § 276, II. * § 265. 
 
 * § 266, 3. s § 209, R. 12. " § 271. 
 
 e § 260, R. 6. * § 273,2. m § 182, 3. 
 
 <* § 206, (3.) * § 275, III., R. 1. n § 238, 2. 
 
 • § 274, R. 7. •> § 224. 
 
FABLES FROM ^SOP. 49 
 
 Cibus iste blandus, qui pellexit suaviter, 
 Nunc fraudulentus qudm crudeliter necat ! 
 Perf ida voluptas fabula hac depingitur 
 
 51. Cancer. 
 
 Mare cancer olim deseruit, in litore 
 Pascendi" cupidus. Vulpes hunc simul adspicit 
 Jejuna, simul accurrit,* et praedam capit. 
 Nee, dixit ille, jure plector, qui, salo h 
 Quum fuerim natus, voluerim solo ingredi ! 
 
 Suus unicuique d prcefinitus est locus, 
 Quern praeterire sine periclo non licet.* 
 
 52. Culex et Taurus. 
 
 In cornu tauri parvulus quondam culex 
 Consedit; seque 7 dixit, mole si sua 
 Eum* gravaret, avolaturum h illico. 
 At ille : * Nee te considentem semeram. 
 
 53. De Vitus Hominum. 
 
 Peras imposuit Jupiter nobis duas : 
 Propriis repletam f vitiis post tergum dedit, 
 Alienis ante pectus suspendit gravem.j" 
 
 Hac re videre nostra mala non possumus ; 
 Alii simul delinquunt, censores sumus. 
 
 * Supply ad eum. t Supply peram. 
 
 • § 275, III., R. 1. * § 279, 14. * § 208, (6.) 
 
 » § 254, R. 3. • § 273, 4. * § 270, R. 3. 
 
 9 § 264, 8. / § 272. * § 229, R. 3, 2 
 5 
 
MYTHOLOGY 
 
 1. Cadmus, Agenoris nlius,° quod draconem, Martis 
 filium, fontis cujusdam in Boeotia custodem, occiderat, 
 omnem suam prolem interemptam vidit, et ipse cum 
 Harmonia, 6 uxore sua, in Ulyriam fugit, ubi ambo* in 
 dracones conversi sunt. 
 
 2. Amycus, Neptuni filius, rex Bebiyciae, pmnes, qui 
 in ejus regna venissent,* cogebat caestibus secum conten- 
 dere, et victos occidebat. Hie quum Argonautas ad cer- 
 tamen provocasset/ Pollux cum eo contendit, et eum in- 
 terfecit. 
 
 3. Otos et Ephialtes, Aloei filii/ mira magnitudine 7 
 fuisse* dicuntur. Nam singulis mensibus* novem digitis* 
 crescebant. Itaque quum essent^ annorum novem/ in 
 ccelum ascendere sunt conati. Hue sibi aditum sic facie- 
 bant/ ut montem Ossam super Pelion ponerent, aliosque 
 prseterea montes exstruerent. Sed Apollmis sagittis inter- 
 empti sunt. 
 
 4. Daedalus, Euphemi filius, artifex peritissimus, ob 
 
 ft § 204. * § 204, R. 5. * § 236. 
 
 * § 249, III. / § 211, R. 6. I § 145, II. 
 
 * § 264, 12. * § 211, R. 8, (2.) * § 205, R. 2, (1.) 
 
 * § 263, 5, R. 2. * § 253. 
 
MYTHOLOGY. 51 
 
 caedem Athenis* commissam in Cretam 6 abiit ad regera 
 Minoem. Ibi labyrinthum exstruxit. A Minoe c aliquando 
 in custodiam conjectus, sibi et Icaro filio alas cera d aptavit, 
 et cum eo* avolavit. Dum Icarus altius 7 evolabat, cera 
 solis calore calefacta, in mare decidit, quod ex eo Icarium 
 pelagus^ est appellatum. Daedalus autem in Siciliam 
 pervenit. 
 
 5. iEsculapius, Apollmis filius, medicus praestantissi- 
 mus, Hippolyto, Thesei filio, vitam reddidisse dicitur. Ob 
 id facinus Jupiter eum fulmine percussit. Turn Apollo, 
 quod filii mortem in Jove ulcisci non poterat, Cyclopes, 
 qui fulmina fecerant, interemit. Ob hoc factum, Apol- 
 linem Jupiter Admeto, regi Thessaliae, in servitutem 
 dedit. 
 
 6. Alcestim,* Pelise filiam, quum multi in matrimonium 
 peterent, Pelias promisit, se* filiam ei esse daturum, qui 
 feras currui junxisset/ Admetus, qui earn perdite ama- 
 bat, Apollmem rogavit, ut se in hoc negotio adjuvaret. 
 Is quum ab Admeto, dum ei* serviebat, liberaliter esset 
 tractatus, aprum ei et lednem currui junxit,' quibus ille 
 Alcestim avexit. Idem gravi morbo implicitus, munus ab 
 Apolline accepit, ut praesens periculum eflugeret, si quis 
 sponte pro eo moreretur. 771 Jam quum neque pater, neque 
 mater Admeti pro eo mori voluissent, n uxor se Alcestis 
 morti obtulit, quam Hercules forte adveniens Orci mani- 
 bus eripuit et Admeto reddidit. 
 
 7. Cassiope filiae suae Andromedae formam Nerei'dum 
 
 a § 254. 
 
 / § 256, R. 9. 
 
 * § 223, R. 2 
 
 *> § 237, R. 5. 
 
 * § 210. 
 
 * § 227. 
 
 « § 248, 1. 
 
 ^ § 80, 1.,E.2. 
 
 m § 260, II 
 
 <*§ 247. 
 
 * § 266, 2. 
 
 n § 209, R. 12. 
 
 • § 249, III. 
 
 / § 266, R. 4. 
 
 § 224, R. 2 
 
52 MYTHOLOGY. 
 
 formse anteposuit. a Ob hoc crimen illae a Neptuno 6 
 postulaveiunt,* ut Andromeda ceto immani, qui oras 
 populabatur, objiceretur/ Quae quum ad saxum alligata 
 esset, Perseus ex Libya, ubi Medusam occiderat, advolavit, 
 et, bell u a d devicta et interempta, Andromedam liberavit. 
 
 8. Quam quum abducere vellet victor, Agenor, cui 
 antea desponsata fuerat, Perseo insidias struxit, ut eum 
 interficeret, sponsamque eriperet. Hie, re c cognita, caput 
 Medusas msidiantibus ostendit, quo viso,f omnes in saxi 
 mutati sunt. Perseus autem cum Andromeda f in patriam 
 rediit. 
 
 9. Ceyx, Hesperi filius, quum in naufragio periisset, 
 Alcyone, conjugis morte audita, se in mare praecipitavit. 
 Turn de5rum misericordia ambo in aves sunt mutati, quae 
 Alcyones appellantur. Hae aves pariunt hiberno tempore. 
 Per illos dies^ mare tranquillum esse dicitur ; unde nautae 
 tranquillos et serenos dies Alcyoneos appellare solent. 
 
 10. Tantalus, Jo vis filius, tarn cams fait diis, A ut 
 Jupiter ei consilia sua concrederet,* eumque ad epulas 
 deorum admitteret. At ille, qua^ apud Jovem audiverat, 
 cum mortalibus communicabat. Ob id crimen dicitur* 
 apud inferos in aqua collocatus esse, semperque sitire. 
 Nam, quoties haustum aquae sumpturus z est, aqua recedit. 
 Turn etiam poma ei m super caput pendent; sed, quoties 
 ea decerpere conatur, rami vento moti recedunt. Alii 
 
 * What is the accusative of the " thing " ? § 231, R. 3. 
 t What does this ablative absolute denote ? § 257. 
 
 • § 2S4. > § 249, III. * § 206, (4.) 
 
 * § 231, R. 2. g § 236, R. 5. * § 271, R. 2. 
 
 • § 273, 2. * § 53. * § 274, R. 6. 
 
 * § 257. * § 145, II. 1. m § 211, R. 5 ft. 
 
 e §257, R. 5. 
 
MYTHOLOGY. 53 
 
 saxum ejus capiti a impendere dicunt, cujus ruinam timens 
 perpetuo metu cruciatur. 
 
 11. In nuptiis Pelei et Thetidis omnes dii invitati 
 erant praeter Discordiam. Haec ira comm5ta malum misit 
 in medium, cui a inscripta erant verba : Pulcherrima me 
 habeto. Turn Juno, Venus et Minerva illud simul 
 appetebant; magnaque inter eas discordia exorta, Jupiter 
 Mercurio 6 imperat, ut deas ad Paridem, Priami filium, 
 duceret, c qui in monte Ida greges pascebat; hunc earum 
 litem dirempturum esse/ Huic c Juno, si se pulcherrimam 
 judicasset/ omnium terrarum regnum est pollicita; Mi- 
 nerva ei splendidam inter homines famam promisit ; 
 Venus autem^ Helenam/ Ledae et Jovis filiam, se* ei in 
 conjugium dare- 7 spopondit. Paris, hoc dono* prioribus" 
 anteposito, Venerem pulchernmam esse judieavit. Postea 
 Veneris hortatu Lacedaemonem l profectus, Helenam con- 
 jugi 7 * suo n Menelao eripuit. Hinc bellum Trojanum 
 originem cepit, ad quod tota fere Graecia, duce Agamem- 
 none, Menelai fratre, profecta est. 
 
 12. Thetis, Pelei conjux, quum seiret Achillem filium 
 suum cito periturum esse, si Graecorum exercitum ad 
 Trojam sequeretur/ eum misit in insiilam Scyron, regique 
 Lycomedi commendavit. Ille eum muliebri habitu p inter 
 filias suas servabat. Graeci autem quum audivissent eum 
 ibi occultari/ unus e5rum r Ulysses, rex Ithacae, in regio* 
 vestibulo munera feminea* in calathiscis posuit, simulque 
 
 a § 224. 
 
 * § 229. 
 
 
 § 257, R. 7. 
 
 & § 223, R. 2. 
 
 * § 239. 
 
 
 * § 241, R. 4. 
 
 c § 273, 2. 
 
 J § 272. 
 
 
 * § 268. 
 
 d § 270, R. 2. 
 
 * § 257. 
 
 
 r § 212. 
 
 •-§ 223. 
 
 i § 237. 
 
 
 • § 211, R. 4. 
 
 / § 266, R. 4. 
 
 m § 224, 
 
 R. 2. 
 
 ■ § 260, II 
 
 s § 279, 3. 
 
 n § 208, 
 
 (7.) 
 
 
 5* 
 
54 MYTHOLOGY. 
 
 clypeum et hastam, mulieresque advocari jussit." Quae 
 dura omnia contemplabantur, subito tubicen cecmit; quo 
 sono audito, Achilles arma arripuit. Unde eum 6 virum c 
 esse intellectum est. 
 
 13. Quum totus d Graecorum exercitus Aulide' conve- 
 nisset, adversa tempestas eos ob iram Dianae retinebat. 
 Agamemnon enim/ dux illius expeditions, cervam deae* 
 sacram d vulneraverat, superbiusque h in Dianam locutus 
 erat. Is quum haruspices con voc asset, responderunt,* 
 iram^ deae expiari* non posse, nisi filiam suam Iphige- 
 niam ei immolasset. Hanc ob causam Ulysses Argos 
 profectus mentitur Agamemnonem filiam Achilli in matri- 
 monium promisisse. Sic earn Aulidem* abduxit. Ubi 
 quum pater earn immolare vellet, Diana virgin em miserata 
 cervam ei m supposuit. Iphigeniam ipsam per nubes 
 in terram Tauricam detulit, ibique templi sui sacerdotem n 
 fecit. 
 
 14. Troja eversa, quum Graeci domum redire vellent, 
 ex Achillis tumulo vox dicitur fuisse audita, quae Graecos 
 monebat, ne fortissimum virum sine honore relin querent/ 
 Quare Graeci Polyxenam, Priami filiam, quae virgo fuit 
 formosissima, ad sepulcrum ejus immolaverunt. 
 
 15. Prometheus, Iapeti filius, primus 2 homines ex luto 
 finxit, iisque m ignem e coelo in ferula attulit, monstravit- 
 que quomodo cinere obrutum servarent. 7 * Ob hanc rem 
 Vulcanus eum in monte Caucasd Jovis jussu clavis ferreis 
 
 a § 273, 2. 
 
 * § 222. 
 
 m § 224. 
 
 & § 269. 
 
 * § 256, R. 9. 
 
 n § 230. 
 
 c § 210. 
 
 * § 209, R. 2, (1,) (*.) 
 
 ° § 237, R. 4. 
 
 * § 279, 7. 
 
 J § 266, 2. 
 
 p § 262. 
 
 ■ § 254. 
 
 * § 271. 
 
 * § 205, R. 15. 
 
 / § 279, 3. 
 
 " § 237. 
 
 r § 265. 
 
MYTHOLOGY. 
 
 55 
 
 alligavit ad saxum, et aquilam ei a apposuit, quae cor 
 exederet. 6 Quantum vero interdiu exederat, tantum nocte 
 crescebat. Hanc aquilam insequenti tempore Hercules 
 transfixit sagittis, Prometheumque liben>.vit. 
 
 16. Pluto, infer5rum deus, a Jove fratre petebat,' ut 
 sibi Proserpmam, Jo vis et Cereris filiam, in matrimonium 
 daret. Jupiter negavit quidem Cererem d passuram esse, 
 ut filia in tenebris Tartari moraretur;* sed fratri permisit, 
 ut earn, si posset, raperet. 6 Quare Proserpmam, in nemore 
 Ennae in Sicilia flores legentem, Pluto quadrTgis ex terras 
 hiatu proveniens rapuit. 
 
 17. Ceres quum nesciret ubi filia esset/ earn per 
 totum orbem terrarum quaesivit. In quo itinere ad 
 Celeum venit, regem Eleusinidrum, cujus uxor Metanira 
 puerum Triptolemum pepererat, rogavitque ut se tanquam 
 nutricem in domum reciperent/ Quo facto, quum Ceres 
 alumnum suum immortalem reddere vellet, eum interdiu 
 lacte divino alebat, noctu clam igne obruebat. Itaque 
 mirum in modum crescebat. Quod quum mirarentur 
 parentes, earn observaverunt. Qui quum viderent Cere- 
 rem puerum in ignem mittere/ pater exclamavit. Turn 
 dea Celeum exanimavit; Triptolemo autem currum dra- 
 conibus* junctum tribuit, frugesque mandavit, qu-as per 
 orbem terrarum vectus disseminaret. 6 
 
 18. Althaga, Thestii filia, ex CEneo peperit Meleagrum, 
 Ei Parcas ardentem titi5nem dederunt, praefantes^ Melea- 
 grum tarn diu victurum,* quam diu is titio foret l incolumis, 
 
 ° § 224. 
 
 • § 273, 4. 
 
 * § 223. 
 
 * § 264, 5. 
 
 / § 265. 
 
 i § 274, 2. 
 
 c § 145, II. 1. 
 
 * § 273, 2. 
 
 * § 270, R. 3. 
 
 * § 239. 
 
 * § 272, R. 5 
 
 1 § 266.2 
 
56 
 
 MYTHOLOGY. 
 
 Hunc # itaque Althaea diligenter in area clausum servavit. 
 Interim Diana (Eneo a irata quia ei sacra annua non 
 fecerat, aprum mira magnitudme h misit, qui agrum Caly- 
 donium vastaret. c Quem Meleager cum juvenibus d ex 
 omni Graecia, delectis interfecit, pellemque ejus Atalantae 
 donavit. Cui e quum Althaeas fratres earn eripere vellent, 
 ilia Meleagri auxilium imploravit, qui avunculos occidit. 
 Turn Althaea, gravi ira/ in filium commota, titionem 
 ilium* fatalem in ignem conjecit. Sic Meleager periit. 
 At sordres ejus, dum fratrem insolabiliter lugent, in aves 
 mutatae sunt. 
 
 19. Europam, Agenoris filiam, Sidoniam, Jupiter in 
 taurum mutatus Sidone h Cretam transvexit, et ex ea, pro- 
 creavit Minoem, Sarpedonem, et Rhadamanthum. Hanc 
 ut reducerent Agenor filios suos misit, conditione addita, 
 ut nee ipsi redirent,f nisi sor5rem invenissent. f Horum 
 unus, Cadmus nomine/ quum erraret, Delphos^ venit, 
 ibique responsum accepit, bovem praecedentem sequeretur ; l 
 ubi ille decubuisset/ ibi urbem conderet. J Quod quum 
 faeeret,™ in Boeotiam venit. Ibi aquam n quaerens ad 
 fontem Castalium dracdnem in venit, Martis filium, qui 
 aquam custodiebat. m Hunc Cadmus interfecit, dentesque 
 ejus sparsit et aravit. Unde Sparti enati sunt. Pugna 
 inter illos exorta, quinque superfuerunt, ex quibus quinque 
 nobiles Theban5rum stirpes origmem duxerunt. 
 
 * Supply titionem. 
 
 t On what proposition does this subjunctive depend ? § 257, R. 1, 
 
 t Connected to sequeretur by et understood. § 278, R. 6. 
 
 ° § 222. 
 
 / § 247, R. 2. 
 
 * § 237. 
 
 & § 211, R. 6. 
 
 * § 207, R. 24. 
 
 ' § 262, R. 4. 
 
 e § 264, 5. 
 
 h § 255. 
 
 m § 145, II. 
 
 « § 249, III. 
 
 « § 266, 1. 
 
 n § 274 1 
 
 • § 224, R. 2. 
 
 1 § 250. 
 
 
MYTHOLOGY. 57 
 
 20. Quum Bacchus, Jovis ex Semele filius, exercitum 
 In Indiam duceret, Silenus ab agmine aberravit. Quem a 
 Midas, rex Mygdonise, hospitio 6 liberaliter accepit, eique 
 ducem dedit, qui eum ad Bacchum reduceret.* Ob hoc 
 beneficium Bacchus Midse optionem dedit, ut quicquid 
 vellet c a se peteret.* Me petiit, ut quidquid tetigisset c 
 aurum fieret/ Quod quum impetrasset,* quidquid tetige- 
 rat aurum fiebat. Primo gavisus est hac virtute' sua; 
 mox intellexit nihil f ipsi hoc munere^ perniciosius esse. 
 Nam etiam cibus et potio in aurum mutabatur/ Quum 
 jam fame cruciaretur, petit a Baccho, ut donum suum 
 revocaret.* Quern j Bacchus jussit in flumine Pactolo se 
 abluere, quumque aquam tetigisset, facta* est colore 1 
 aureo. 
 
 21. Schceneus Atalantam filiam formosissimam dicitur 
 habuisse, quae cursu viros superabat. m Hsec quum a 
 pluribus n in conjugium peteretur, pater ejus conditionem 
 proposuit, ut, qui earn ducere vellet/ prius cursu cum ea 
 contenderet ; d si victus esset/ occideretur. d Multos quum 
 superasset et interfecisset, tandem ab Hippomene victa 
 est. Hie enim a Venere tria mala aurea acceperat. Dum 
 currebant, horum unum post alterum projecit, iisque 6 Ata- 
 lantae cursum tardavit. Nam dum mala colligit, Hippom- 
 enes ad metam pervenit. Huic itaque Schoeneus filiam 
 uxorem dedit. Quam quum in patriam duceret, oblitus 
 Veneris beneficio se vicisse, grates ei non egit. Hanc 
 
 * 
 
 Why is this verb in the 
 
 subjunctive ? 
 
 a § 206, (17.) 
 
 / § 272. 
 
 * § 209, R. 2, (1,) (b.) 
 
 6 § 247. 
 
 * § 256. 
 
 1 § 211, R. 6. 
 
 c § 266, 1. 
 
 * § 209, R. 12, (2.) 
 
 m § 145, II. 1. 
 
 <* § 262. 
 
 * § 258, 1. 2, R. 1. 
 
 n § 248, 1. 
 
 • § 245, II. 
 
 / § 273, 2. 
 
 9 § 268. 
 
58 MYTHOLOGY. 
 
 ob* causam Hippomenes mutatus est in leonem, Atalanta 
 in leaenam. 
 
 22. Nisus, rex Megarensium, in capite crinem purpure- 
 um habuisse dicitur, eique praedictum 6 fuit, tarn diu eum 
 regnaturum, c quam diu eum crinem custodisset.* Hunc 
 Minos, rex Cretensium, bello' aggressus est. Qui quum 
 urbem Megaram oppugnaret, Scylla, Nisi filia, amore ejus 
 correpta est, et, ut ei victoriam pararet, f patri s dormienti 
 fatalem crinem praecidit. Ita Nisus a Minoe victus et 
 occisus est. Quum autem Minos in Cretam rediret/ 
 Scylla eum rogavit, ut earn secum aveheret/ Sed ille 
 negavit Cretam tantum scelus* esse recepturam. Turn 
 ilia se in mare praecipitat, navemque persequitur. Nisus 
 in aquilam marinam conversus est, Scylla in piscem, quern 
 Cirim vocant.* Hodieque, siquando ilia avis hunc piscem 
 conspexerit/ mittit se in aquam, raptumque unguibus 
 dilaniat. 
 
 23. Amphion, Jovis et Antiopes filius, qui Thebas 
 muris cinxit, Nioben, Tantali filiam, in matrimonium 
 duxit. Ex qua procreavit filios septem totidemque filias. 
 Quern partum Niobe Latonse liberis anteposuit, super- 
 biusque* -locuta est in Apollmem et* Dianam. Ob id 
 Apollo filios ejus venantes sagittis interfecit, Diana autem 
 Alias.' Niobe liberis m orbata in saxum mutata esse dicitur, 
 ejusque lacrymae hodieque manare narrantur. Amphion 
 autem, quum templum Apollinis expugnare vellet, ab 
 Apolline sagittis est interfectus. 
 
 * The crime for the criminal. § 324, 2. 
 
 • § 279, 10. / § 258, 2, and (2.) i § 260. 
 
 6 § 205, R. 8. e § 224. * § 256, R. 9. 
 
 • § 270, R. 3. * § 145, II. 4. ■ § 229, R. 3, 1. 
 *§ 266,1. * §230. w §251 
 
 • § 247 
 
MYTHOLOGY. 59 
 
 24. Phineus," Agenoris filius, ab Apolline futurarum 6 
 rerura scientiam acceperat. Quum vero hominibus dedrum 
 consilia enuntiaret, # Jupiter eum excaecavit, et immisit 
 ei c Harpyias/ quae Jovis canes esse dicuntur, ut cibum 
 ab ore ei e auferrent. Ad quern quum Argonautae venis- 
 sent, ut eum iter 7 rogarent/ dixit se* illis iter demonstra- 
 turum esse/ si eum poena j liberarent. Turn Zetes et 
 Calais, Aquilonis filii, qui pennas in capite et in pedibus 
 habuisse* dicuntur, Harpyias fugaverunt in insulas Stroph- 
 adas, et Phineum poena j liberarunt. 
 
 * What does this imperfect tense denote ? 
 a § 293, N. ' § 224, R. 2. * § 266, 2 
 
 * § 162, 19. / § 231. * § 268. 
 
 * § 224. ' § 258 2, and (3.) i § 251. 
 
 d 
 
 §9. 
 
ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 
 
 1. Thales interrogates # an facta hominum deos* late- 
 rent, 6 respondit, ne c cogitataf quidem. 
 
 2. Solon, qui Atheniensibus leges seripsit, dicebat nem- 
 inem/ dum viveret,' beatum haberi posse, quod om 
 nes ad ultimum usque diem ancipiti fortunae obnoxii 
 essent.* 
 
 3. Pythagorae philosophi tanta fuit apud discipulos 
 suos auctoritas, ut, quae ab eo audivissent/ ea in dubi- 
 tationem adducere non auderent. Rogati autem c ut 
 causam redderent^ eorum, quse dixissent/ respondebant, 
 Ipsum diooisse. 71 Ipse autem erat Pythagoras. 
 
 4. Bias unus ex septem Sapientibus,\^quum patriam 
 Prienen ab hostibus expugnatam et eversam fugeret, 
 interrogatus, cur nihil ex bonis * suis secum ferret, 6 Ego 
 vero, c respondit, bona mea mecum porto omnia. 
 
 5. Democritus, cui pater ingentes divitias reliquerat, 
 omne fere patrimonium' suum civibus donavit, ne* 
 
 * What is the accusative after interrogatus ? § 234, 1, 
 t Supply latent. 
 a § 232, (2.) ' § 266, 2. * § 212, R. 2, N. 4. 
 
 * § 265. / § 266, 1. i § 100, 6. 
 
 • § 279, 3. * § 273, 2. * § 262. 
 «§ 239. * § 268. l § 266,3 
 
ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 61 
 
 domesticarum remm cura a philosophiae studio avoca- 
 retur. 
 
 6. Etiam Crates Thebanus bona sua inter Thebanos 
 divisit, nihil sibi servans praeter peram et baculum. Haee 
 enim Cynicorum instrumenta erant. A quo consilio quum 
 amici et propinqui eum avocare studerent, eos correpto 
 baculo" fugavit, nihil pulchrius esse arbitrates, quam ab 
 omnibus curis 6 vacuum* uni philosophiae operam dare/ 
 
 7. Anaxagoras, quum a longinqua peregrin ati5ne sci- 
 entiae'* augendae causa suscepta in patriam rediisset, agros- 
 que suos neglectos et desertos videret, Non essem, e inquit, 
 salvus, nisi ista f periissent. 6 
 
 8. Carneades usque ad extremam senectam nunquam 
 cessavit a philosophiae studio. Saepe ei accidit,f ut, quum 
 cibi d capiendi causa accubuisset, cogitationibus 5 ' inhaerens 
 manum ad cibos appositos porrigere oblivisceretur.* 
 
 9. Idem adversus Zenonem Stoicum scripturus caput 
 helleboro purgabat/ ne corrupti humores sollertiam et acu- 
 men mentis impedirent/ 
 
 10. Anaxagoras philosophus, morte" filii audita, vultu 
 nihil k immutato dixit : Sciebam me mortalem genuisse. 
 
 11. ArchytB Tarentmus, quum ab itinere reversus 
 agros suos villici socordia neglectos videret, Graviter te 
 castigarem, 6 in quit, nisi iratus essem. e 
 
 12. Plato quoque, quum in servum vehementius J exas- 
 
 * Supply horriinem or se. § 269, R. 1. 
 
 t What is the subject of accidit? 
 
 X What peculiar meaning has this comparative ? § 256, R. 9. 
 
 a § 257. • § 261, 1. * § 145, II. 1. 
 
 & § 213, R. 4, (4.) / § 207, R. 25. J § 262. 
 
 c § 278. * § 224. * § 234. 11 
 
 <*§ 275, III., R. I. * § 262, R. 3 
 
 6 
 
62 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 
 
 sisset, veritus ne a vindictae modum excederet, Speusippo* 
 adstanti mandavit, ut de ill! us poena statueret. 
 
 13. Idem discendi d cupiditate* ductus iEgyptum pera- 
 gravit, et a sacerdotlbus illius regionis geometriam et as- 
 tronomiam didicit. Idem in Italiam trajecit, ut ibi Py- 
 thagorae philosophiam et instituta disceret. 
 
 14. Athenienses Socratem damnaverunt, quod novos 
 deos introducere videbatur. Protagoram quoque 7 philoso- 
 phum, qui ausus s faerat scribere, se ignorare an dii essent,* 
 Athenienses ex urbe pepulemnt. 
 
 15. Xanthippe, Socratis uxor, mor5sa admodum fuisse 
 fertur. Quam ejus indolem quum perspexisset Alcibiades, 
 Socratem interrogavit, quid esset/ quod mulierem tarn 
 acerbam et jurgiosam non exigeret* domo.- 7 Turn ille, 
 Quoniam, inquit, dum illam domi k perpetior, insuesco, ut 
 ceterorum quoque foris petulantiam et injurias facilius 
 feram. 
 
 16. Xenocrates philosophus, quum maledicorum quo- 
 mndam sermoni* interesset, neque quidquam ipse loque- 
 retur,™ interrogatus, cur solus taceret/ respondit: Quia 
 dixisse 71 me aliquando pcenituit, tacuisse n nunquam. 
 
 17. Hegesias philosophus in disputatiorlfcus suis mala 
 et cruciatus vitae tarn vividis coloribus repraesentabat, ut 
 multi, qui eum audiverant, p sponte se occiderent. Quare 
 a Ptolemaeo 5 rege ulterius his de rebus disserere est pro- 
 hibitus. 
 
 a § 262, R. 7. 
 
 * § 142, 2. 
 
 171 § 278. 
 
 b § 223, R. 2. 
 
 * § 265. 
 
 n § 215, and R. 
 
 c § 273, 2. 
 
 * § 264,7,1. 
 
 ° § 229, R. 6. 
 
 d § 275, III., R. 1. 
 
 / § 255, R. 1. 
 
 p § 145, V. 
 
 • § 247, R. 2. 
 
 * § 221, R. 3. 
 
 « § 248, 1 
 
 / § 279, 3. 
 
 « § 224. 
 
 
ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 63 
 
 18. Gorging Leontino," qui e oquentia 6 et eruditione 
 omnes c suae aetatis homines superare existimabatur, uni- 
 versa Graecia in templo Apollinis Delphici statuam auream 
 collocavit. 
 
 19. Idem, quum annum centesimum septimum ageret, 
 interrogates, quapropter tarn diu vellet** in vita remanere, 
 respondit: Quia nihil habeo, quod senectutem meant accu- 
 sant. 6 
 
 20. Illustrissimi saepe viri hum3i loco 7 nati fuerunt. 
 Socrates, quern oraculum Apollinis sapientisslmum omni- 
 um hominum ff judicavit, obstetricis filius fuit. Euripides, 
 poeta tragicus, matrem habuit, quae olera venditabat; et 
 Demosthenis, oratoris eloquentissimi, patrem cultellos ven- 
 didisse^ narrant. 
 
 21. Homerus, princeps poetarum Graecdrum, doldre 
 absumptus esse creditur, quod quaestionem a piscatoribus 
 ipsi propositam solvere non posset.' 
 
 22. Simonides, poeta praestantissimus, gloriatur in quo- 
 dam poemate, se y octoginta annos* natum in certamen 
 musicum descendisse et victoriam inde retulisse. Idem 
 aliquandiu vixit apud Hipparchum, Pisistrati filium, Athe- 
 narum tyrannum. Inde Syracusas se contulit ad Hieronem 
 regem, cum quo familiariter vixisse dicitur. Primus l car- 
 mina statuto pretio m scripsit; quare eum Musam venalem 
 reddidisse dicunt. 
 
 23. Quum jEschylus Atheniensis, qui parens 71 tragoe- 
 diae dicitur, in Sicilia versaretur, ibique in loco aprico 
 
 ° § 223. 
 
 / § 246. 
 
 * § 236. 
 
 * § 250. 
 
 * § 212. 
 
 " § 205, R. 15. 
 
 e § 279, 7. 
 
 » § 279, 11. 
 
 m § 252. 
 
 <* § 265. 
 
 * § 266,3. 
 
 n § 210 
 
 • § 264, 7, 1 
 
 1 § 272. 
 
 
64 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 
 
 sederet, aqulla testudine n glabro ejus capiti a immisit 
 quod pro saxo habuit. Quo ictu ille exstinctus est. 
 
 24. Euripides, qui et ipse magnum inter poetas tragi 
 cos nomen habet, a coena domum rediens a canibus lacera 
 tus est. 
 
 25. Athenienses quondam ab Euripide postulabant, ut 
 ex tragcedia sententiam quandam 6 tolleret. . Ille autem in 
 scenam 'progressus dixit, se fabulas componere solere, ut 
 populum doceret, non ut a populo disceret. 
 
 26. Philippides, comoediarum scriptor, quum in poeta- 
 rum certamine praeter spem vicisset, c et ilia victoria im- 
 pense gauderet, eo ipso gaudio repente exstinctus est. 
 
 27. Pindarus, poeta Thebanus, Apollini gratissimus 
 fuisse dicitur. Quare saspe a sacerdotibus in templum 
 Delphicum ad coenam vocabatur, parsque ei tribuebatur 
 donorum/ quae sacrificantes' deo obtulerant. Ferunt etiam 
 Pana 7 Pindari hymnis ff tantopere fuisse laetatum, ut eos 
 in montibus et silvis caneret. Quum Alexander, rex 
 Macedonian, Thebas diriperet, unius Pindari domo* et fami- 
 liae pepercit. 
 
 28. Diogenes Cynicus Myndum profectus, quum vide- 
 ret magnificas portas et urbem exiguam, Myndios monuit, 
 ut portas clauderent,' ne urbs egrederetur. 
 
 29. Demosthenes Atheniensis incredibili studio et labore 
 eo pervenit, ut, quum-* multi eum ingenio* parum valere 
 existimarent, omnes aetatis suae orat5res superaret elo- 
 quentia. Nunquam tamen ex tempore dicebat, neque in 
 concione volebat assurgere, nisi rem, de qua ageretur,' 
 
 ° § 224. 
 
 * § 205, R. 7, (1.) 
 
 * § 218, R. 2. 
 
 * § 207, R. 33. 
 
 / § 80, I. 
 
 S § 263, 5, R. J 
 
 • § 263, 5. 
 
 * § 245, II. 
 
 * § 250. 
 
 «* § 212. 
 
 * § 223, R. 2. 
 
 ^ § 261 1 
 
ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 65 
 
 accurate antea meditatus esset. a Unde plerique eum 
 timidum esse existimabant. Sed in hac re Periclis con- 
 suetudinem imitabatur, qui non facile de quaque re dicere, 
 nee existimationem suam fortunae committere solebat. 
 
 30. Pericles in concionem iturus, quum animo perpen- 
 deret, quantum periculi 6 inconsiderate dicta c hominibus 
 afferrent, solebat precari a diis/ ne quod ipsi c verbum 
 imprudenti excideret, quod reipublicae officere posset/ 
 
 31. Minos, Cretensium rex, saepe se in speluncam 
 quandam conferebat, ibique se cum Jove colloqui legesque 
 ab eo accipere dicebat. Etiam Lycurgus Lacedaemoniis* 
 persuasit, se leges suas ab Apolline didicisse. 
 
 32. Quum Lycurgus, Lacedaemoniorum legislator, Del- 
 phis fe in templum Apollinis intrasset, ut a deo d oraculum 
 peteret, Pythia eum his verbis allocuta est: Nescio utrum* 
 deus an homo appellandus sis ; sed deus j potius videris esse. 
 
 33. Leonidas, rex Lacedaemoniorum, quum Persae dice- 
 rentur sagittarum multitudme solem obscuraturi, respondisse 
 fertur : Melius itaque in umbra pugnabimus. 
 
 34. Cyrus omnium sudrum militum nomma memoria 
 tenebat. Mithridates autem, rex Ponti, duarum et viginti 
 gentium, quae sub regno ejus erant, linguas ita didicerat, 
 ut cum omnibus, quibus imperabat, sine interprete loqui 
 posset. 
 
 35. Themistocles interroganti,* utrum* Achilles esse 
 mallet, an Homerus/ respondit: Tu vero mallesne te in 
 Otympico certamine victorem renuntiari, 1 an prceco esse y 
 qui victorum nomina proclamat 7 
 
 a § 260, II. e § 224, R. 1. * § 265, R. 2. 
 
 * § 212, R. 3. / § 266, 1. 1 § 210. 
 
 c § 205, R. 7, (2.) * § 223, R. 2. * § 205, R. 7, (1.) 
 
 <*§ 231, R. 2, &4. a § 254. * § 271 
 6* 
 
66 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 
 
 36. Epaminondas, Thebanorum imperator, in bello ad- 
 versus Lacedasmonios, animos suorum religione excitan- 
 dos a ratus, arma in templis affixa nocte detraxit, persua- 
 sitque militibus, quum ilia abesse* viderent, deos iter suum 
 sequi/ ut ipsis c proeliantibus adessent. 
 
 37. Idem in pugna ad Mantineam graviter vulneratus 
 est. Quum animam recepisset, interrogavit circumstantes 
 amicos, an clypeus salvus esset; d deinde, an hostes fusi 
 essent. Uli utrumque affirmaverunt. Turn demum 
 hastam e corpore eduei jussit. Quo facto 6 statim exspi- 
 ravit. 
 
 38. Epaminondas tanta fuit abstinentia/ et integritate, 
 ut post plurima bella, quibus Thebanorum potentiam 
 incredibiliter e auxerat, nihil in supellectili haberet praeter 
 ahenum et veru. 
 
 39. Lysander, dux Lacedaemoniorum, militem quendam 
 Y\k K egressum castigabat. Cui dicenti, ad nullius rei rapi- 
 nam se ab agmme recessisse, respondit: Ne* speciem qui- 
 3 em rapturi J prcebeas k volo. 
 
 40. Iphicrates, dux Atheniensium, quum praesidio teneret 
 Corinthum, et sub adventum hostium ipse vigilias circum- 
 iret, vigBem, quern dormientem invenerat, hasta transfixit. 
 Quod factum* quibusdam* ei m ut saevum exprobrantibus, 
 Qualem n invmi, inquit, talem retiqui. 
 
 41. Quum quidam Thrasybulo, qui civitatem Athe- 
 niensium a tyrannorum dominatione liberavit, dixisset: 
 Quantas tibi gratias Athence debent ! ille respondit : Dii 
 
 ° § 270, 
 
 R. 
 
 3. 
 
 / § 211, R. 6. 
 
 
 * § 273, 4. 
 
 & § 272. 
 
 
 
 * § 192, II. 2. 
 
 
 1 § 274, 1. 
 
 e § 224. 
 
 
 
 * § 242. 
 
 
 m § § 223 and 274. 
 
 <* § 265. 
 
 
 
 « § 279, 3. 
 
 
 n § 206, (16.) 
 
 • § 257. 
 
 
 
 r § 205, R. 7, 
 
 (1.) 
 
 
ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 67 
 
 faciant" ut quantas b ipse patrice debeo gratias, tantas ei 
 videar retulisse. 
 
 42. Philippus, rex Macedonum, monentibus eum qui- 
 busdam, ut Pythiam quendam caveret/ fortem militem, 
 sed ipsi* alienatum, quod tres filias aegre aleret/ nee a 
 rege adjuvaretur, dixisse fertur: Quid I s si partem cor- 
 poris haierem h cegram, abscinderem potius, an curareml 
 Deinde Pythiam ad se vocatum, accepta difficultate rei 
 domestical, pecunia* instruxit. Quo facto nullum rex 
 militem Pythia/ fideliorem habuit. 
 
 43. Mulier quaedam ab e5dem Philippo, quum a con- 
 vivio temulentus* recederet, damnata, A. Philippo, inquit, 
 temulento ad Philippum sobrium provoco. 
 
 44. Philippus, rex Macedonia^ praedicare* solebat, se 
 oratonbus Atheniensium maximam gratiam habere. 77 * 
 Nam conviciis suis, in quit, effeciunt, ut quotidie melior n 
 evadam, dum eos dictis factisque mendacii p arguere 
 conor. 
 
 45. Ejusdem regis epistola fertur scripta ad Aristotelem 
 philosophum, qua filium sibi ? natum esse nuntiavit. Erat 
 ilia epistola verbis concepta fere his : Filium mihi q gerii- 
 tum esse scito. r Quod s equidem diis habeo gratiam : non 
 tarn quod natus est, quam quod ei configit nasci tempori- 
 bus vitce tuce. Spero enim fore, 1 ut a te eduedtus et 
 eruditus dignus evadat et nobis u et rebus, quas ipsi 
 relicturi sumus. 
 
 ■ § 260, R. 6. 
 
 * § 261, 1. 
 
 § 247. 
 
 & § 206, (16.) 
 
 « § 249. 
 
 p § 217. 
 
 c § 273, 1. 
 
 i § 256. 
 
 * § 223. 
 
 * § 273, 2. 
 
 * § 128, 4. 
 
 r § 162, 4. 
 
 • § 224, R. 2. 
 
 * § 271. 
 
 * § 206, (14.; 
 
 / § 266, 3. 
 
 m § 272. 
 
 « § 268, R. 4 
 
 *§229,R. 3,2. 
 
 • § 210, R. 1. 
 
 tt § 244 
 
68 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 
 
 46. Alexander Macedo, Philippi filius, quum puer a 
 praecept5re suo audivisset innumerabiles mundos esse, 
 Heu me a miserum, inquit, qui ne uno h quidem adhuc 
 pofxtus sum! 
 
 47. Quum Alexander quondam Macedonum quorun- 
 dam benevolentiam largitionlbus sibi conciliare conatus 
 esset, Philippus eum his verbis increpuit: Sperasne eos 
 tibi c fideles esse futuros, quos pecunid tibi conciliaveris 1 d 
 Scito amorem non auro emi sed virtutibus. 
 
 48. Alexandra 8 Macedoni, Asia/ debellata, Corinthii 
 per legatos^ gratulati sunt, regemque civitate* sua dona- 
 verunt. Quod officii genus quum Alexander risisset, 
 unus ex legatis, Nulli unquam, in quit, civitatem dedimus 
 alii quam tibi l et Herculi. Quo audito, Alexander hono- 
 rem sibi delatum lubentissime accepit. 
 
 49. Quum Alexander Graeciae populis* imperasset, ut 
 divinos ipsi honores decernerent/ Lacedsemonii his verbis 
 utebantur: Quoniam Alexander deus esse voluit, esto k 
 deus ; Laconica brevitate regis notantes vecordiam. 
 
 50. Lysimachus, rex Thraciae, Theoddrum Cyrenaeum, 
 virum libertatis* amantissimum et regiae dominationi ° infes- 
 tum, cruci affigi jussit. Cui ille, Hujus modi minis, in- 
 quit, purpuratos tuos terreas.™ Med n quidem nihil 
 interest, humine p an sublime putrescam. 
 
 51. Mausolus, rex Cariae, Artemisiam habuit conju- 
 gem. Haec, Mausolo defuncto, ossa cineremque maritj 
 
 ° § 238, 2. 
 
 * § 247, R. 4. 
 
 1 § 213. 
 
 * § 245, 1. 
 
 * § 249, I. 
 
 m § 260, R. 6. 
 
 c § 222. 
 
 * § 278. 
 
 n § 219, R. 1. 
 
 * § 266, 2. 
 
 / § 273, 2. 
 
 ° § 214, N. 3. 
 
 e § 223, R. 2. 
 
 * § 267. 
 
 * § 221, 1., R. 3 
 
 ' § 257. 
 
 
 
ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 69 
 
 contusa et odoiibus a mixta cum aqua potabat. Extruxit 
 quoque, ad conservandam ejus memoriam, sepulcrum illud 
 nobilissimum, ab ejus nomine appellatum, quod inter sep- 
 tem orbis terrarum miracula numerator. Quod quum 
 Mausoli manibus dicaret, certamen instituit, praemiis 
 amplissimis ei propositis, qui defunctum regem optime 
 laudasset. 6 
 
 52. Dionysius, qui a patre Syracusarum et paene totius 
 Siciliae tyrannidem acceperat, senex patria c pulsus Corin- 
 thi d pueros litteras docuit.' 
 
 53. Mithridates, rex Ponti, saepe venenum hauserat, nt 
 sibi a clandestinis caveret insidiis. Hinc factum est, ut, 
 quum a Pompeio superatus mortem sibi consciscere vellet, 
 ne velocissima quidem venena ei nocerent/ 
 
 54. Quum Gyges, rex Lydiae ditissimus, oraculum 
 Apollinis interrogaret, an quisquam mortalium^ se esset* 
 felicior, deus, Aglaiim quendam Psophidium felici5rem, 
 prasdicavit. Is autem erat Arcadum pauperrimus, parvuli 
 agelli possessor, cujus terminos quamvis senex nunquam 
 excesserat, fructibus^ et voluptatibus angusti ruris contentus. 
 
 55. Pyrrhus, rex Epiri, quum in Italia esset, auiivit, 
 Tarentmos quosdam juvenes in convivio parum honorif ice 
 de se locutos esse. Eos igitur ad se arcessitos percunc- 
 tatus est, an dixissent * ea, quae ad aures suas pervenissent.* 
 Turn unus ex his/ Nisi, in quit, vinum nobis defecisset, 
 multo k etiam plura et graviora in te locuturi eramus. 1 
 Haec criminis excusatio iram reds in risum convertit. 
 
 * 
 
 Why is 
 
 this verb in the subjunctive ? . 
 
 a § 245, II. 
 
 
 • § 231. * § 266, 1. 
 
 6 § 266, 3. 
 
 
 / § 262, R. 3. S § 212, N. 4. 
 
 e § 251 
 
 
 * § 212. * § 256, R. 16. 
 
 * § 221, 1. 
 
 
 * § 244. * § 274, R. 6 
 
70 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 
 
 56. Marsyas, frater Antigoni, regis Macedonia^ quum 
 causam haberet cum privato quodam, fratrem rogavit, ut 
 de ea domi cognosceret. At ille, In foro potius* inquit. 
 Nam si culpa a vacas, innocentia tua ibi melius apparebit ; 
 
 . sin damnandus es, nostra justitia.* 
 
 57. Clara sunt apud Catanenses nomina fratrum Anapi h 
 et Amphinomi, 6 qui patrem et matrem humeris per 
 medios c ignes iEtnse portarunt, eosque cum vitse suae peric- 
 tilo e flammis eripuerunt. 
 
 58. Spartanus quidam quum rideretur, quod claudus in 
 pugnam iret/ At mihi, e inquit, pugnare/ non fugere est 
 propositum. 
 
 59. Spartanus quidam in magistrates petitione ab aemu- 
 lis victus, maximae sibi laetitiae esse/ dixit, quod patria sua* 
 se* meliores cives haberet/ 
 
 60. Quum homo quidam, qui diu in uno pede stare 
 didicerat, Lacedaemonio cuidam dixisset, se non arbitral! 
 Lacedaemoniorum y quemquam tamdiu idem facere posse, 
 ille respondit : At anseres te # diutius. 
 
 61. Diagoras Rhodius, quum tres ejus filii in ludi& 
 Olympicis vict5res renuntiati essent, tanto affectus est 
 gaudio,* ut in ipso stadio, inspectante populo, in fili5rum 
 mambus animam redderet. 
 
 62. Scipio Africanus nunquam ad negotia publica acce- 
 debat, antequam in templo Jovis precatus esset. z 
 
 63. Scipio dicere solebat, hosti non solum dandam w 
 
 
 * What is to be supplied ? 
 
 
 a § 250. 
 
 / § 269. 
 
 / § 212. 
 
 * § 204, R. 10. 
 
 e § 227. 
 
 * § 249,1.. 
 
 e § 205, R. 17. 
 
 * § 208, (1.) 
 
 « § 263, 3. 
 
 * § 266, 3. 
 
 ■ § 256. 
 
 m § 274, R. 8 
 
 • § 224 
 
 
 
ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 71 
 
 esse viam fugiendi, sed etiam muniendam. Similiter 
 Pyrrhus, rex Epiri, fugienti hosti" pertinaciter instandum 
 esse 6 negabat ; non solum, ne fortius ex necessitate 
 resisteret,* sed ut postea quoque facilius acie c cederet, 
 ratus victores fiigientibus non usque ad perniciem instatu- 
 ros esse. 
 
 64. Metellus Pius, in Hispania bellum gerens interro- 
 gatus, quid postero die factiirus esset?* Tumcam meam, 
 inquit, si id eloqui posset* comburerem. d 
 
 65. L. Mummius, qui, Corintho capta, totam Italiam 
 tabulis 6 statuisque exornavit, ex tantis manubiis 7 nihil in 
 suum usum convertit, ita ut, eo defuncto, non esset* unde 
 ejus filia dotem acciperet/ Quare senatus ei ex publico 
 dotem decrevit. 
 
 66. Scipio Africanus major Ennii poetae imaginem in 
 sepulcro gentis Corneliae collocari jussit, quodf Scipi5num 
 res gestas carminibus suis illustraverat. 
 
 67. M. Cato, Cat5nis Censorii filius, in acie cadente 
 equo prolapsus, quum se recollegisset,* animadvertissetque 
 gladium excidisse' 1 vagina, 1 rediit y in hostem : acceptisque 
 aliquot vulneribus, recuperato demum gladio ad suos 
 reversus est. 
 
 68. Q. Metellus Macedonicus in Hispania quinque 
 cohortes, quae hostibus 4 cesserant, testamentum facere 
 jussas ad locum 1 recuperandum misit ; minatus eos 
 nonnisi post victoriam receptum iri. 
 
 * Why is this verb in the subjunctive ? 
 
 t Is the writer answerable for the validity of this reason ? § 266, 3 
 ° § 224. e § 249, 1. * § 242. 
 
 *> § 239, R. 3. / § 212, N. 4. i § 182, R. 3. 
 
 c § 255, R. 3. * § 264, 6. * § 223. 
 
 * § 261, 1. * § 268. l § 275, III. R. 3 
 
72 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 
 
 
 69. Publius Decius consul/ quum in bello contra 
 Latinos Romanorum aciem cedentem videret, capite pro 
 reipublicae salute devoto, in medium hostium agmen irruit, 
 et magna strage edita plurimis telis obrutus cecidit. Haec 
 ejus mors RomunSrum aciem restituit, iisque victoriam 
 paravit. 
 
 70. L. Junius Brutus, qui Romam a regibus liberavit, 
 filios suos, qui Tarquinium regem expulsum restituere 
 conati erant, ipse capitis 6 damnavit, eosque virgis csesos 
 securi c percuti jussit. d 
 
 71. Q. Marcius Rex consul, quum filium unicum, juve- 
 nem summse pietatis 6 et magnse spei, morte amisisset, 
 dolorem suum ita coercuit, ut a rogo adolescentis protenus 
 curiam peteret, ibique muneris sui negotia strenue obiret. 
 
 72. In bello Romanorum cum Perseo, ultimo Mace- 
 donia rege, accidit/ ut serena nocte subito luna deficeret 
 Hasc res ingentem apud milites terrSrem excitavit, qui 
 existimabant hoc oraine futuram cladem portendi. # Turn 
 vero Sulpicius Gallus, qui erat in eo exercitu, in concione 
 militum causam hujus rei tam diserte exposuit, ut postero 
 die omnes intrepido ammo pugnam committerent. 
 
 73. L. Siccius Dentatus ob insignem fortitudmem 
 appellatus est Achilles Romanus. Pugnasse is dicitur 
 centum et viginti proeliis f cicatrlcem aversam nullam, 
 adversas quinque et quadraginta tulisse ; coronis' 1 esse 
 donatus aureis duodeviginti, obsidionali una, muralibus 
 tribus, civicis quatuordecim, torquibus tribus et octoginta, 
 armillis plus centum sexaginta, hastis duodeviginti. Phal- 
 
 * What time is denoted by this verb ? § 268. 
 
 a § 279, 9. d § 273, 2. * § 254, R. 3. 
 
 6 § 217, R. 3. < § 211, R. 6. * § 249, R. 1 
 
 ' § 79, 3, and 82, E. 3. / § 262, R. 3 
 
ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 73 
 
 eris idem donatus est quinquies viciesque. Triumphavit 
 cum imperatoribus suis triumphos a novem. 
 
 74. Hannibalem in Italiam proficiscentem tria millia & 
 Carpetandrum reliquerunt. Quorum exemplum ne ceteri 
 quoque barbari sequerentur, edixit eos a se esse dimissos, 
 et insuper in fidem ejus rei alios etiam, quorum fides ipsi c 
 suspecta erat, domum remisit. 
 
 75. Hannibal quum elephantos compellere non posset, 
 ut praealtum flumen transirent, neque rates haberet, quibus 
 eos trajiceret/ jussit ferocissimum elephantorum sub aure 
 vulnerari, et eum, qui vulnerasset/ se in flumen conjicere 
 illudque tranare. Turn elephantus exasperatus ad perse- 
 quendum doloris sui auctorem tranavit amnem/ et reliqui 
 quoque eum secuti sunt. 
 
 • § 232, (1.) 
 
 * § 118, 6 
 
 7 
 
 e § 222. 
 d § 264, 5. 
 
 * § 266, 2. 
 / § 233. 
 
AN EPITOME OF ROMAN HISTORY 
 
 FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO 
 THE EMPERORS. 
 
 LIBER PRIMUS. 
 
 1. Antiq,uissimis temponbus Saturnus in Italiam 
 venisse dicitur. Ibi haud procul a Janiculo arcem 
 condidit, eamque Saturniam appellavit. Hie Italos pri- 
 mus* agriculturam docuit. 6 
 
 2. Postea Latinus in illis regionibus imperavit. Sub 
 hoc rege Troja in Asia eversa est. Hinc iEneas, Anchi- 
 sae filius, cum multis Trojanis/ quibus d ferrum Graecorum 
 pepercerat, aufugit, et in Italiam pervenit. Ibi Latinus 
 rex ei benign e recepto filiam Laviniam in matrimonium 
 dedit. iEneas urbem condidit, quam in honorem conjugis 
 Lavinium' appellavit. 
 
 3. Post iEneae mortem Ascanius, iEneae filius, reg- 
 num accepit. Hie sedem regni in alium locum transtulit, 
 urbemque condidit in monte Albano, eamque Albam 6 
 Longam nuncupavit. Eum secutus est Silvius, qui 
 post iEneae mortem a Lavinia genitus erat. Ejus 
 
 a § 205, R. 15. « § 249, III. ■ § 230. 
 
 * § 231. d § 223, R. 2. 
 
LIBER I. 75 
 
 posten omnes usque ad Romam conditam* Alb«e & regna 
 verunt. 
 
 4. Unus horum regum, Romulus Silvius, se Jove* 
 majorem esse dicebat/ et, quum tonaret, militibus impe- 
 ravit, ut clypeos hastis percuterent, dicebatque hunc 
 sonum multo clariorem esse quam tomtru. Fulmine 
 ictus/ et in Albanum lacum praecipitatus est. 
 
 5. Silvius Procas, rex Albanorum, duos filios rellquit 
 Numitorem 7 et Amulium/ Horum minor^ nam/ Amu- 
 lius, fratri option em dedit, utrum regnum habere vellet,' 
 an bona, quae pater reliquisset.- 7 ' Numitor patema bona 
 praetulit ; Amulius regnum obtinuit. 
 
 6. Amulius, ut regnum firmissime possideret, Numito- 
 ris filium per insidias interemit, et filiam fratris Rheam 
 Silviam Vestalem virgmem fecit. Nam his Vestae sacer- 
 dotibus non licet viro* nubere. Sed haec a Marte geminos 
 filios Romulum et Remum peperit. Hoc* quum Amu- 
 lius comperisset, matrem in vincula conjecit, pueros autem 
 in Tiberim abjici jussit. 
 
 7. Forte Tiberis aqua ultra ripam se effiiderat, et, quum 
 pueri in vado essent positi, aqua refluens eos in sicco* 
 reliquit. Ad eorum vagitum lupa accurrit, eos que uberi- 
 bus suis aluit. Quod* videns Faustulus quidam, pastor 
 illius regionis, pueros sustulit, et uxori Accae Laurentiae 
 nutriendos™ dedit. 
 
 8. Sic Romulus et Remus pueritiam inter past5res 
 
 
 * Supply loco. 
 
 
 • § 274, R. 5. 
 
 f § 204, R. 10. 
 
 J § 266, 1. 
 
 » § 221. 
 
 * § 212. 
 
 * § 223, R. 2. 
 
 c § 256. 
 
 * § 250. 
 
 « § 206, (13.) 
 
 d § 145, II. 1. 
 
 ■ § 265. 
 
 m § 274, 1, R. 7 
 
 • § 209, R. 4. 
 
 
 
76 
 
 ROMAN HISTORY. 
 
 transegerunt. Quum adolevissent, et forte comperissent, 
 quis ipsorum avus, quae mater fuisset," Amulium inter- 
 Ate fecerunt, et Numitori avo regnum restituerunt. 
 Christum Turn urbem condiderunt in monte Aventino, 
 quam Romulus a suo nomine Romam vocavit. 
 Haec quum moenlbus circumdaretur, Remus occisus est, 
 dum fratrem irridens moenia 6 transiliebat. 
 
 9. Romulus, ut civium numerum augeret, asylum pate- 
 fecit, ad quod multi ex civitatlbus suis pulsi accurrerunt. 
 Sed novae urbis civibus c conjuges deerant. Festum itaque 
 Neptuni et ludos instituit. Ad hos quum multi ex finiti- 
 mis populis cum mulieribus et liberis venissent/ Romani 
 inter ipsos ludos spectantes virgmes rapuerunt. 
 
 10. Populi illi, quorum virgmes raptae erant, bellum 
 adversus rapt5res susceperunt. Quum Romae appropin- 
 quarent, forte in Tarpeiam virginem inciderunt, quae in 
 arce sacra procurabat. Hanc rogabant, ut viam in arcem 
 monstraret,' eique permiserunt, ut munus sibi posceret/ 
 Ilia petiit, ut sibF darent/ quod in sinistris manibus 
 gererent/ annulos aureos et armillas significans. At 
 hostes in arcem* ab ea perducti scutis Tarpeiam obrue- 
 runt ; nam et ea in sinistris manibus gerebant. 
 
 11. Turn Romulus cum hoste, qui montem Tarpeium 
 tenebat, pugnam conseruit in eo loco, ubi nunc forum Ro- 
 manum est. In media^ caede raptae* processerunt, et hinc 
 patres hinc conjuges et soceros complectebantur, et roga- 
 bant, ut csedis finem facerent. Utrique his precibus 
 
 * Supply mulieres. 
 
 * § 265. • § 273, 2. * § 266, 1. 
 
 & § 233. /§ 273,4. * § 225, IV. 
 
 § 224, R. 1. ' § 208, (1.) / § 205, R. 17. 
 
 * § 258, 2, (2.) 
 
LIBER I. 77 
 
 commoti sunt. Romulus foedus icit, et Sabinos in urbem 
 recepit. 
 
 12. Postea civitatem descripsit. Centum senat5res 
 legit, eosque cum° ob aetatem turn ob reverentiam iis 6 deb- 
 ltam patres appellavit. Plebem in triginta curias distrib- 
 uit, easque raptarum nominibus nuncupavit. An- 
 no regni tricesimo septimo, quum exercitum lus- " " 
 traret, inter tempestatem ortam c repente oculis* 
 hominum subductus est. Hinc alii eum a senatoribus 
 interfectum, alii ad deos sublatum esse existimaverunt. 
 
 13. Post Romuli mortem unlus anni interregnum fait. 
 Quo elapso, Numa Pompilius Curibus/ urbe in agro Sabi- 
 norum, natus rex creatus est. Hie vir bellum quidem-^ 
 nullum gessit ; nee minus tamen civitati profuit. Nam et 
 leges dedit, et sacra plurima instituit, ut populi barbari et 
 bellicosi mores molliret. Omnia autem, quae faciebat/ se 
 nymphae Egeriae, conjugis suae, jussu facere dicebat/ Mor- 
 bo decessit, quadragesimo tertio imperii anno. 
 
 14. Numae* successit Tullus Hostilius, cujus 
 avus se in bello adversus Sabinos fortem et stren- 81 
 uum vimm* praestiterat. Rex creatus bellum Al- 
 
 banis indixit, idque trigemindrum HoratiSrum et Curiatio- 
 rum certamme finivit. Albam propter perfidiam Metii 
 SufFetii diruit. Quum triginta duobus annis regnasset, 
 fulmine ictus cum domo i sua arsit. 
 
 15. Post hunc Ancus Marcius, Numae ex filia 
 nepos, suscepit imperium. Hie vir aequitate y et '' 
 religione avo* similis, Latinos bello domuit, urbem 
 
 a § 278, R. 7. • § 254. * § 249, III 
 
 6 § 274, 1. / § 279, 3. i § 250. 
 
 c § 274, 3. * § 145, II. 1. * § 222 
 
 d § 224. h 5 230, R. 2. 
 7* 
 
78 ROMAN HISTORY. 
 
 ampliavit, et nova ei moenia circumdedit. Carcerem pri- 
 mus aedificavit. Ad Tiberis ostia urbem condidit, Osti- 
 amque vocavit. Vicesimo quarto anno imperii morbo 
 obiit. 
 
 16. Deinde regnum Lucius Tarquinius Priscus 
 137 ' accepit, Demarati filius, qui tyrannos patriae Co- 
 rinthi fugiens in Etruriam venerat. Ipse Tar- 
 quinius, qui nomen ab urbe Tarquiniis accepit, aliquando 
 Romam profectus erat. Advenienti* aquila pileum ab- 
 stulit," et, postquam alte evolaverat, reposuit. Hinc 
 Tanaquil conjux, mulier auguriorum 6 perita, regnum ei 
 portendi intellexit. 
 
 17. Quum Romae commoraretur, Anci regis familiari- 
 tatem consecutus est, qui eum filiorum su5rum tutdrem 
 reliquit. Sed is pupillis c regnum intercepit. Senatoribus, 
 quos Romulus creaverat, centum alios addidit, qui minorum 
 gentium** sunt appellati.f Plura bella feliciter gessit, nee 
 paucos agros hostibus* ademptos urbis territorio adjunxit. 
 Primus triumphans urbem intravit. Cloacas fecit ; Capi- 
 tolium inchoavit. Tricesimo octavo imperii anno per Anci 
 filios/ quibus a regnum eripuerat, occisus est. 
 
 18. Post hunc Servius Tullius suscepit imperi- 
 um, genitus ex nobili femma, 7 captiva tamen et 
 famula. Quum in domo Tarquinii Prisci educa- 
 retur, flamma in ejus capite visa est. Hoc prodigio Tana- 
 quil ei summam dignitatem portendi intellexit, et conjugi 8 
 persuasit, ut eum sicuti liberos suos educaret. Quum 
 adolevisset, rex ei filiam in matrimonium dedit. 
 
 * Supply ei. t Supply Senatores. 
 
 a §224,R. 2. <*§211,R.6. / § 246, R. 2. 
 
 * § 213. e § 247. R. 4. * § 223, R. 2. 
 
 e § 224. 
 
LIBER I. 79 
 
 19. Quum Priscus Tarquinius occisus esset, Tanaquil 
 de superi5re parte domus populum* allocuta est, dicens ; 
 regem grave quidem sed non Utah vulnus accepisse ; turn 
 petere, ut popiilus, dum convaluisset* Servio Tullio obedl- 
 ret. Sic Servius regnare coepit, sed bene imperium ad- 
 ministravit. Montes tres urbi adjunxit. Primus omnium 
 censum ordinavit. Sub eo Roma habuit capitum octo- 
 ginta tria millia civium Romanorum cum his, qui in agris 
 erant. 
 
 20. Hie rex interfectus est scelere filiae Tulliae 
 
 et Tarquinii Superbi, filii ejus regis, cui c Servius 220 * 
 successerat. Nam ab ipso Tarquinio de gradibus 
 curiae dejectus, quum domum d fugeret, interfectus est. 
 Tullia in forum properavit, et prima conjugem regem' salu- 
 tavit. Quum domum rediret, aurigam super patris corpus 
 in via jacens carpentum agere jussit. 
 
 21. Tarquinius Superbus cognomen moribus meruit. 
 Bello tamen strenuus plures finitim5rum populorum 7 vicit. 
 Templum Jovis in Capitolio sedificavit. Postea, dum 
 Ardeam oppugnabat, urbem Latii, imperium perdidit. 
 Nam quum filius ejus Lucretiae, nobilissimae feminae, 
 conjugi Tarquinii Collatmi, vim fecisset, haec se ipsam^ 
 occidit in conspectu mariti, patris, et amicorum, postquam 
 eos obtestata fuerat, ut hanc injuriam ulciscerentur. 
 
 22. Hanc ob causam L. Bmtus, Collatmus, 
 
 A U 
 aliique nonnulli in exitium 71 regis conjurarunt, popu- " 
 
 l5que i persuaserunt, ut ei portas urbis clauderet. 
 Exercitus quoque, qui civitatem Ardeam cum rege oppug- 
 nabat, eum reliquit. Fugit itaque cum uxore et liberis 
 
 a § 233. 
 
 <* § 237, R. 4. 
 
 * § 135, 1. 
 
 b § 263, 4. 
 
 e § 230, R. 2. 
 
 h § 235, (2.) 
 
 c § 224. 
 
 / §>lrl 
 
 « § 223, R. 2. 
 
80 
 
 ROMAN HISTORY. 
 
 suis. Ita Romae* regnatum 5 est per septem reges annos 
 ducentos quadraginta tres. 
 
 23. Hinc consules coepere pro uno rege duo creari, ut, 
 si unus malus esset, c alter eum coerceret. Annuum iis 
 imperium tributum est, ne per diuturnitatem potestatis 
 insolentiores redderentur. Fuerunt igitur anno primo, 
 expulsis regibus/ consules L. Junius Brutus, acerrimus 
 libertatis vindex, et Tarquinius Collatmus, maritus Lucre- 
 tiae. Sed Collatino* paulo post dignitas sublata est. 
 Placuerat enim, ne quis ex Tarquiniorum familia Romae 
 maneret/ Ergo cum omni patrimonio suo ex urbe migra- 
 vit, et in ejus locum Valerius Publicola consul factus est. 
 
 24. Commovit bellum urbi rex Tarquinius. In prima 
 pugna Brutus consul, et Aruns, Tarquinii films, sese invi- 
 cem occiderunt. Romani tamen ex ea pugna victores 
 recesserunt. Brutum Romanae matronae quasi communem 
 patrem per annum luxerunt. Valerius Publicola Sp. 
 Lucretium, Lucretiae patrem, collegam sibi fecit; qui 
 quum morbo exstinctus esset, Horatium Pulvillum sibi col- 
 legam sumpsit. Ita primus annus quinque consules habuit. 
 
 25. Secundo quoque anno iterum Tarquinius 
 
 ' ' bellum Romanis intulit, Porsena, d rege Etruscorum, 
 
 auxilium ei ferente. In illo bello Horatius Codes 
 
 solus pontem ligneum defendit, et hostes cohibuit, donee 
 
 pons a tergo ruptus esset/ Turn se cum armis in Tiberim 
 
 conjecit, et ad suos transnavit. 
 
 26. Dum Porsena urbem obsidebat, Qu. Mucius Scae- 
 vola, juvenis fortis animi^ in castra* hostis se contulit eo 
 
 a § 221, 
 
 I. 
 
 
 
 * § 257. 
 
 
 
 * § 263, 
 
 — r ■ ■-» 
 4 
 
 6 § 209, 
 
 R. 
 
 3, 
 
 (2.) 
 
 • § 224, 
 
 R. 
 
 2 
 
 h § 211, 
 
 R. 6 
 
 c § 260. 
 
 
 
 
 / § 262. 
 
 
 
 * § 225, 
 
 IV. 
 
LIBER I. 81 
 
 consilio," ut regem occideret. At ibi scribam regis pro 
 ipso rege interfecit. Turn a regiis 6 satellitibus comprehen- 
 sus et ad regem deductus, quum Porsena eum ignibus 
 allatis terreret, dextram c arae d accensae imposuit, donee 
 flammis consumpta esset/ Hoc facinus rex miratus juve- 
 nem dimisit incolumem. Turn hie quasi beneficium 
 referens ait, trecentos alios juvenes in eum conjurasse/ 
 Hac re territus Porsena pacem cum Romanis fecit, Tar- 
 quinius autem Tusculum se contulit, ibique privatus cum 
 uxore consenuit. 
 
 27. Sexto decimo anno post reges exactos/ 
 populus Romae h seditionem fecit, questus quod o-n 
 tributis et militia a senatu exhauriretur.* Magna 
 
 pars plebis urbem reliquit, et in montem trans Anienem 
 amnem secessit. Turn patres turbati Menenium Agrip- 
 pam miserunt ad plebem, qui earn senatui conciliaret/ 
 Hie iis inter alia fabulam narravit de ventre et membris 
 humani corporis; qua populus commotus est, ut in ur- 
 bem rediret. Turn primum tribuni plebis creati sunt, qui 
 plebem adversum nobilitatis superbiam defenderent/ 
 
 28. Octavo decimo anno post exactos reges, 
 Qu. Marcius, Coriolanus* dictus ab urbe Volsc6- 
 rum Coriolis, 1 quam m bello ceperat, plebi invisus 
 
 fieri coepit. Quare urbe n expulsus ad Volscos, acerrimos 
 Romandrum hostes, contendit, et ab iis dux* exercitus 
 factus Romanos ssepe vicit. Jam usque ad quintum mil- 
 liarium urbis accesserat, nee ullis civium suorum legati- 
 
 a § 249, II. / § 162, 7. * § 274, 1, and 210. 
 
 & § 211, R. 4. e § 274, R. 5. * § 204. 
 
 c § 207, R. 36. * § 221, 1. m § 206, (9.) 
 
 * § 224. i § 266, 3. n § 242 
 
 e § 263, 4, / § 264, 5 
 
82 ROMAN HISTORY. 
 
 onibus flecti poterat, ut patriae parceret. Denique Veturia 
 mater et Volumnia uxor ex urbe ad eum venerunt ; qua- 
 rum fletu et precibus commotus est, ut exercitum remo- 
 veret. Quo facto a Volscis ut proditor* occisus esse 
 dicitur. 
 
 29. Romani quum adversum Veientes bellum gererent, 
 familia Fabiorum sola hoc bellum suscepit. Profecti sunt 
 trecenti sex nobilissimi homines, duce 6 Fabio con- 
 2 * ' sule. Quum saepe hostes vicissent, apud Creme- 
 ram fluvium castra posuerunt. Ibi Veientes dolo c 
 usi eos in insidias pellexerunt. In proelio ibi exorto d ora- 
 nes perierunt. Unus superfuit ex tanta familia, qui prop- 
 ter aetatem puerUem duci non potuerat ad pugnam. Hie 
 genus propagavit ad Qu. Fabium Maximum ilium/ qui 
 Hannibalem prudenti cunctatione debilitavit. 
 
 30. Anno trecentesimo et altero^" ab urbe con- 
 ' ' dita decemviri creati sunt, qui civitati leges scri- 
 
 berent/ Hi primo anno bene egerunt; secundo 
 autem dombationem exercere coeperunt. Sed quum unus 
 eorum Appius Claudius virginem ingenuam, Virginiam, 
 Virginii centurionis filiam, corrumpere vellet, pater earn 
 occidit. Turn ad milites profugit, eosque ad seditionem 
 commovit. Sublata est decemviris 71 potestas, ipsique om- 
 nes aut morte aut exilio puniti sunt. 
 
 31. In bello contra Veientanos Furius Camillus 
 ogg " urbem Falerios obsidebat. In qua obsidione quum 
 
 ludi literarii magister principum filios ex urbe in 
 castra hostium duxisset, Camillus hoc donum non accepit, 
 sed scelestum hominem, manibus post tergum vinctis, 
 
 ° § 278, R. 1. 
 
 d § 274, 3. 
 
 * § 264, 5. 
 
 ^ § 257, R. 7. 
 
 • § 207, R. 24. 
 
 * § 224, R. 2. 
 
 c §245. 
 
 / § 120, 1. 
 
 
LIBER II. 83 
 
 pueris Falerios* reducendum* tradidit ; virgasque iis dedit, 
 quibus proditorem in urbem agerent/ 
 
 32. Hac tanta animi nobilitate commoti Falisci urbem 
 Romanis tradiderunt. Camillo autem apud Romanof 
 crimlni datum d est, quod albis equis triumphasset/ et prae 
 dam inique divisisset ; damnatusque 7 ob earn cau- 
 sam, et civitate expulsus est. Paulo post Galli ' 
 Senones ad urbem venerunt, Romanos apud flu- 
 men Alliarn vicerunt, et urbem etiam occuparunt/ Jam 
 nihil praeter Capitolium defendi potuit. Et jam presidi- 
 um fame laborabat, et in eo h erant/ ut pacem a Gallis auro 
 emerent, quum Camillus cum manu militum superveniens 
 hostes magno proelio superaret. 
 
 LIBER SECUNDUS. 
 
 1. Anno trecentesimo^ nonagesimo quarto post 
 drbem conditam Galli iterum ad urbem accesse- oq 4 " 
 rant, et quarto milliario* trans Anienem fluvium 
 considerant. Contra eos missus est T. Quinctius. Ibi 
 Gallus quidam eximia corporis magnitudme' fortissimum 
 Romanorum ad certamen singulare provocavit. T. Man- 
 lius, nobilissimus juvenis, provocationem accepit, Galium 
 occidit, eumque torque"* aureo spoliavit, quo 71 ornatus erat. 
 Hinc et ipse et posteri ejus Torquati appellati sunt. Galli 
 fugam capessiverunt. 
 
 ° § 237. 
 
 / § 209, R. 4. 
 
 * § 254, R. 3. 
 
 * § 274. R. 7. 
 
 * § 162, 7. 
 
 ' § 211, R. 6 
 
 c §264,5. 
 
 » § 207, R. 22. 
 
 m § 251. 
 
 <*§ 227. 
 
 • § 209, R. 11, (1.) 
 
 w § 249, I. 
 
 6 § 266, 3. 
 
 / § 120,2. 
 
 
84 ROMAN HISTORY. 
 
 2. Novo bello cum Gallis exorto, anno urbis 
 A. U. . . 
 
 4 ' 06 ' quadringentesimo sexto, iterum Gallus processit 
 
 robore a atque armis insignis, et provocavit unum ex 
 Romanis, ut secum armis decerneret. Turn se M. Vale- 
 rius, tribunus militum, obtulit; et, quum processisset ar- 
 matus, corvus ei & supra dextrum brachium sedit. Mox, 
 commissa pugna, hie corvus alis et unguibus Galli oculos 
 verberavit. Ita factum est, ut Gallus nullo negotio c a Va- 
 lerio interficeretur/ qui hinc Corvini nomen accepit. 
 
 3. Postea Romani bellum gesserunt cum Sam- 
 
 A. U. e . 
 
 4 'o ' nitibus, ad quod 6 L. Papirius Cursor cum honore 
 dictatoris profectus est. Qui quum negotii cujus- 
 dam causa Romam ivisset, praecepit Q. Fabio 7 Rulliano, 
 magistro equitum, quern apud exercitum reliquit, ne pug- 
 nam cum hoste committeret. Sed ille occasionem nactus 
 felicissime dimicavit, et Samnites delevit. Ob hanc rem a 
 dictatore^ capitis' 1 damnatus est. At ille in urbem con- 
 fugit, et ingenti fav5re militum et populi liberatus est ; in 
 Papirium autem tanta exorta est seditio, ut paene ipse 
 interficeretur. 
 
 4. Duobus annis post i T. Veturius et Spurius Postumi- 
 us consules bellum adversum Samnites gerebant. Hi a 
 Pontio Thelesmo, duce hostium, in insidias inducti sunt. 
 Nam ad Furculas Caudinas Romanos pellexit in 
 " ' angustias, unde sese expedire non poterant. Ibi 
 Pontius patrem suum Herennium rogavit, quid y fa- 
 ciendum* putaret.' Ille respondit, aut omnes occidendos m 
 
 a § 250. 
 
 / § 223, R. 2. 
 
 i § 272. 
 
 b § 211, R. 5, 1. 
 
 * § 248, 1. 
 
 * § 270, R. 3. 
 
 • § 247. 
 
 * § 217, R. 3. 
 
 1 § 265. 
 
 * § 262, R. 3. 
 
 « § 235, R. 4. 
 
 m § 274, R. 8. 
 
 • § 225. IV 
 
 
 
LIBER II. 85 
 
 esse, ut Roman5rum vires frangerentur, aut omnes dimit- 
 tendos, ut beneficio obHgarentur. Pontius utrumque con- 
 silium improbavit, omnesque sub jugum misit. Samnltes 
 denique post bellum undequinquaginta annorum superati 
 sunt. 
 
 5. Devictis Samnitibus, Tarentinis bellum in- 
 dictum est, quia legatis Romanorum injuriam fecis- .^ ' 
 sent. Hi Pyrrhum, Eplri regem, contra Romanos 
 auxilium 6 poposcerunt. Is mox in Italiam venit, turn que 
 primum Romani cum transmarino hoste pugnaverunt. 
 Missus est contra eum consul P. Valerius Laevinus. Hie, 
 quum exploratores Pyrrhi cepisset, jussit eos per castra 
 duci, tumque dimitti, ut renuntiarent Pyrrho, qusecunque 
 a Romanis agerentur. 
 
 6. Pugna commissa, Pyrrhus auxilio elephantorum vi- 
 cit. Nox proelio finem dedit. Laevinus tamen per noctem 
 fugit. Pyrrhus Romanos mille d octingentos cepit, eosque 
 summo honore tractavit. Quum eos, qui in proelio inter- 
 fecti fiierant, omnes adversis vulneribus et truci vultu etiam 
 mortuos jacere videret, tulisse ad caelum manus dicitur 
 cum hac voce : Ego cum taUbus viris brevi orhem terra- 
 rum subigerem. 6 
 
 7. Postea Pyrrhus Romam perrexit; omnia ferro igne- 
 que vastavit ; Campaniam depopulates est, atque ad Prae- 
 neste venit milliario ab urbe octavo decimo. Mox terr5re 
 exercitus, qui cum consule sequebatur, in Campaniam se 
 recepit. Legati ad Pyrrhum de captivis redimendis 7 
 missi honorifice ab eo suscepti sunt; captivos sine pretio 
 reddidit. Unum ex legatis, Fabricium, sic admiratus est, 
 
 * § 261,1 and 2, R. 4 
 / § 275, III., R. 4 
 
 °§ 224. 
 
 
 £ § 266, 1. 
 
 6 § 231. 
 
 8 
 
 d § 120, 2. 
 
86 ROMAN HISTORY. 
 
 ut ei quartam partem regni sui promitteret, si ad se transi- 
 ret f sed a Fabricio contemptus est. 
 
 8. Quum jam Pyrrhus ingenti Romanorum admiratione 
 teneretur, legatum misit Cineam, praestantissimum virum, 
 qui pacem peteret* ea conditioned ut Pyrrhus earn partem 
 Italiae, quam armis occupaverat, obtineret. Romani re- 
 sponderunt, eum c cum Romanis pacem habere non posse, 
 nisi ex Italia recessisset. Cineas quum rediisset, Pyrrho 
 eura interroganti, qualis ipsi Roma visa esset;* respondit, 
 se regum patriam vidisse. 
 
 9. In altero** proelio cum rege Epiri commisso Pyrrhus 
 vulneratus est, elephanti interfecti, viginti millia hostium 
 caesa sunt. Pyrrhus Tarentum fugit. Interjecto anno, 
 Fabricius contra eum missus est. Ad hunc medicus 
 Pyrrhi nocte venit promittens, se Pyrrhum veneno occisu- 
 rum,* si munus ^ibi daretur. Hunc Fabricius vinctum 
 reduci jussit ad dominum. Tunc rex admiratus ilium 
 dixisse fertur ; Hie f est Fabricius, qui difftcilius ab hones- 
 *ate, quam sol a cursu suo averti potest. Paulo post 
 
 Pyrrhus tertio etiam proelio fusus a Tarento reces- 
 4 ' 81 ' sit, et, quum in Graeciam rediisset, apud Argos, Pelo- 
 ponnesi urbem, interfectus est. 
 
 10. Anno quadringentesimo nonagesimo post 
 urbem conditam Roman 5rum exercitus primum in 
 Sicilian]/ trajecerunt, regemque Syracusarum Hie- 
 ronem, Poenosque, qui multas civitates in ea insula 
 occupaverant. superaverunt. Quinto anno hujus 
 belli, quod contra Poenos gerebatur, primum Ro- 
 
 * Why is this subjunctive used ? 
 
 t Me is the predicate, " the man," or " one/' 
 a § 206,1. c § 266,2. e § 270, R. 3. 
 
 ^ § 249, II. *§ 120,1. /§225, IV 
 
LIBER II. 87 
 
 mani, C. Duillio a et Cn. Comelio Asma consulibus, ki 
 mari 6 dimicaverunt. Duillius Carthaginienses vicit, triglnta 
 naves occupavit, quatuordecim mersit, septem millia 
 hostium cepit, tria millia occidit. Nulla victoria Ro- 
 manis gratior fuit. Duillio concessum est, ut, quum 
 a coena rediret, pueri funalia gestantes et tibicen eum 
 comitarentur. 
 
 11. Paucis annis interjectis, bellum in Africam 
 translatum est. Hamilcar, Carthaginiensium dux, ' ' 
 pugna navali superatur; nam perditis sexaginta 
 quatuor navibus se recepit; Romani viginti duas ami- 
 serunt. Quum in Africam venissent, Poenos in pluribus 
 prosliis vicerunt, magnam vim homlnum ceperunt, septua- 
 ginta quatuor civitates in fidem acceperunt. Turn victi 
 Carthaginienses pacem a Romanis d petierunt. Quam 
 quum M. Atilius Regulus, Roman5rum dux, dare nollet 
 nisi durissimis conditionibus, Carthaginienses auxilium 
 petierunt a Lacedaemoniis. Hi Xanthippum miserunt, 
 qui Romanum exercitum magno proelio vicit. Regulus 
 ipse captus et in vincula conjectus est. 
 
 12. Non tamen ubique fortuna Carthaginiensibus' 
 favit. Quum aliquot prceliis victi essent, Regulum roga- 
 verunt, ut Romam proficisceretur, et pacem captivorum- 
 que permutati5nem a Romanis obtineret. Ille quum 
 Romam venisset, inductus in senatum dixit, se desiisse 
 Romanum esse ex ilia die, qua 7 in potestatem Poen5rum 
 venisset/ Turn Romanis 6 suasit, ne pacem cum Cartha- 
 giniensibus facerent: 71 illos i enim tot casibus fractos 
 spem nullam nisi in pace habere: tanti-' non esse, ut 
 
 a § 257, R. 7. * § 223, R. 2. * § 273, 2. 
 
 & § 82, E. 1. / § 253. * § 270, R. 2. 
 
 e § 212. ' § 266, 2 / § 214 
 * § 231, R. 4. 
 
88 ROMAN HISTORY. 
 
 tot millia captivorum propter se unum et paucos, qui 
 ex Romanis capti essent, redderentur. Haec sententia 
 obtinuit. Regressus igitur in Africam crudelissimis sup- 
 pliers exstinctus est. 
 
 13. Tandem, C. Lutatio Catulo, A. Postumio 
 A U ~ 
 
 5 ' 13 ' consuKbus, anno belli Punici vicesimo tertio mag- 
 num proelium navale commissum est contra Lily- 
 baeum, promontorium Siciliae. In eo proelio septuaginta tres 
 Carthaginiensium naves captae, centum viginti quinque 
 demersae, triginta duo millia hostium capta, tredecim 
 millia occisa sunt. Statim Carthaginienses pacem peti- 
 erunt, eisque pax tributa est. Captivi Romanorum," qui 
 tenebantur a Carthaginiensibus redditi sunt. Pceni 
 Sicilia, 5 Sardinia, et ceteris insulis, quae inter Italiam 
 Africamque jacent, decesserunt, omnemque Hispaniam, 
 quae citra Iberum est, Romanis permiserunt. 
 
 
 LIBER TERTIUS. 
 
 1. Anno quingentesimo undetricesimo ingentes 
 529. 
 
 Gallorum copiae Alpes transierunt. Sed pro Ro 
 
 manis tota Italia consensit : traditumque est, 
 octingenta millia hominum a ad id bellum parata fuisse/ 
 Res prospere gesta est apud Clusium : quadraginta 
 millia hominum interfecta sunt. Aliquot annis d post 
 pugnatum est* contra Gallos in agro Insubrum, finitumque 
 est bellum M. Claudio Marcello, Cn. Cornelio ScipiSne 
 consulibus. Turn Marcellus regem Gall drum, Viridom- 
 
 * § 212. e § 269. e § 209, R. 3, (2.) 
 
 * § 242. * § 236. 
 
LIBER III. »y 
 
 arum, manu sua occidit, et triumphans spolia Galli stipiti 
 imposita humeris suis vexit. 
 
 2. Paulo post Punicum bellum renovatum est per Han- 
 nibalem," Carthaginiensium ducem, quern pater Hamilcar 
 novem annos 6 natum aris admoverat, ut odium perenne in 
 Romanos juraret. Hie annum agens vicesimum astatis 
 Saguntum, Hispaniae civitatem, Romanis amiicam, 
 oppugnare c aggressus est. Huic Romani per ' ' 
 legatos denuntiaverunt, ut bello abstineret/ Qui 
 
 quum legatos admittere nollet, Romani Carthagmem mise- 
 runt, ut mandaretur Hannibali/ ne bellum contra socios 
 populi Romani gereret. Dura responsa a Carthaginien- 
 sibus reddita. Saguntinis interea fame victis, Romani 
 Carthaginiensibus bellum indixerunt. 
 
 3. Hannibal, fratre Hasdrubale in Hispania relicto, 
 Pyrenaeum 7 et Alpes transiit. Traditur # in Italiam octo- 
 ginta millia peditum, et viginti millia equitum, septem et 
 triginta elephantos abduxisse. Interea multi Ligures et 
 Galli Hannibali^ se conjunxerunt. Primus ei occurrit P. 
 Cornelius Scipio, qui, proelio ad Ticmum commisso, su- 
 peratus est, et, vulnere accepto, in castra rediit. Turn 
 Sempronius Gracchus conflixit ad Trebiam amnera. Is 
 quoque vincitur. Multi populi se Hannibali dediderunt. 
 Inde in Tusciam progressus Flaminium consulem ad 
 Trasimenum lacum superat. Ipse Flaminius interemptus, 
 Romanorum viginti quinque millia csesa sunt. 
 
 4. Quingentesimo et quadragesimo anno post A * u# 
 urbem conditam L. jEmilius Paullus et P. Teren- 
 
 tius Varro contra Hannibalem mittuntur. Quamquam 
 
 * Is traditur used personally or impersonally ? § 271 , R. 2. 
 
 a § 247, R. 1. * § 273, 2. / § 233, (3.) 
 
 * § 236. e § 223, R 2 * § 224. 
 
 e § 271 
 
90 ROMAN HISTORY. 
 
 intellectum erat, Hannibalem non aliter vinci posse* 
 quam mora, Varro tamen morse 6 impatiens apud vicum, 
 qui Cannae c appellator, in Apulia pugnavit; ambo con- 
 soles victi, Paullus interemptus est. In ea pugna consu- 
 lages aut praetorii viginti, senatores triginta capti aut oecisi ; 
 militum quadraginta millia; equitum tria millia et quin- 
 genti perierunt. In his tantis malis nemo tamen pacis 
 mentionem facere dignatus est. Send, quod* nunquam 
 ante factum, manumissi et milites facti sunt. 
 
 5. Post earn pugnam multae Italiae civitates, quae 
 Romanis 6 paruerant, se ad Hannibalem transtulerunt. 
 Hannibal Romanis obtulit/ ut captivos redimerent ; re- 
 sponsumque est a senatu, eos cives non esse necessarios, 
 qui armati capi potuissent. Hos omnes ille postea variis 
 suppliciis interfecit, et tres modios aureorum annul drum 
 Carthaginem misit, quos manibus^ equitum Romanorum, 
 senatorum, et militum detraxerat. Interea in Hispania 
 frater Hannibalis, Hasdrubal, qui ibi remanserat cum mag- 
 no exercitu, a duobus Scipionibus vincitur, perditque in 
 pugna triginta quinque millia liommum. 
 
 6. Anno quarto postquam Hannibal iu Italiam venerat, 
 M. Claudius Marcell us consul apud Nolam, civitatem Cam- 
 paniae, contra Hannibalem bene pugnavit. Illo tempore 
 Philippus, Demetrii filius, rex Macedoniae, ad Hannibalem 
 legatos mittit, eique auxilia contra Romanos pollicetur. 
 Qui legati quum a Romanis capti essent, M. Valerius 
 Laevinus cum navibus missus est, qui regem impediret,* 
 quo minus copias in Italiam trajiceret.* Ideni in Mace- 
 doniam penetrans regem Philippum vicit. 
 
 a § 272. 
 » § 213. 
 c § 210, R. 2. 
 
 * § 206, (13.) 
 8 § 223, R. 2. 
 / § 229, R. 5 
 
 * § 224, R. 2. 
 
 * § 264, 5. 
 « § 262. 
 
LIBER III. 91 
 
 7. In Sicilia quoque res prospere gesta est. Marcellus 
 magnam hujus insula^ partem cepit, quam Poeni occu- 
 paverant; Syracusas, nobilissimam urbem, expugnavit, et 
 mgentem inde prsedam Romam misit. Laevinus in Mace- 
 donia cum Philippo et multis Graeciae populis amicitiam fe- 
 cit ; et in Siciliam profectus Hanndnem, Poenorum ducem, 
 apud Agrigentum cepit ; quadraginta civitates in deditio- 
 nem accepit, viginti sex expugnavit. Ita omni Sicilia 
 recepta, cum ingenti gloria Romam regressus est. 
 
 8. Interea* in Hispaniarn/ ubi duo Scipi5nes ab Has- 
 drubale interfecti erant, missus est P. Cornelius Scipio, vir 
 Romanorum omnium fere primus. Hie, puer d duodevi- 
 ginti annorum, in pugna ad Ticinum, patrem singulari vir- 
 tute* servavit. Deinde post cladem Cannensem 7 multos 5, 
 nobilissimorum juvenum Italiam deserere^ cupientium, 
 auctoritate sua ab hoc consilio deterruit. Viginti quatuor 
 annorum juvenis in Hispaniam missus, die, qua venit, 
 Carthagmem Novam cepit, in qua omne aurum et argen- 
 tum et belli apparatum Poeni habebant, nobilissimos 
 quoque obsides, quos ab Hispanis acceperant. Hos obsi- 
 des parentibus suis i reddidit. Quare omnes fere Hispa- 
 niae civitates ad eum uno ammo transierunt. 
 
 9. Ab eo inde tempore res Romandrum in dies laetiores 
 factse sunt. Hasdrubal a fratre ex- 7 ' Hispania, in Italiam 
 evocatus, apud Senam, Piceni civitatem, in insidias incidit, 
 et strenue pugnans occisus est. Plurimae autem civitates, 
 quae in Bruttiis ab Hannibale tenebantur, Romanis se 
 tradiderunt. 
 
 a § 212. 
 
 * § 279, 10. 
 
 * § 271. 
 
 * § 23. 
 
 / § 128, 6. 
 
 * § 208, (7.) 
 
 c § 20, E. (a.) 
 
 e § 205, R. 12. 
 
 i § 242, R. 1 
 
 « § 204. 
 
 
 
92 
 
 ROMAN HISTORY. 
 
 10. Anno decimo quarto postquam in Italiam 
 * ' Hannibal venerat, Scipio consul creatus, et in Afri- 
 
 cam missus est. Ibi contra Hannonem, ducem 
 Carthaginiensium, prospere pugnat, totumque ejus exerci- 
 tum delet. Secundo proelio undecim millia hominum oc- 
 cidit, et castra cepit cum quatuor millibus et quingentis 
 militibus. Syphacem, Numidise regem, qui se cum Pcenis 
 conjunxerat, cepit, eumque cum nobilissimis Numidis et 
 infimtis spoliis Romam misit. Qua re audita, omnis fere 
 
 Italia Hannibalem deserit. Ipse a Carthaginien- 
 ' ' sibus in Africam redire jubetur. Ita anno decimo 
 
 septimo Italia ab Hannibale liberata est. 
 11. Post plures pugnas et pacem plus* semel frustra 
 tentatam, pugna ad Zamam committitur, in qua peritissimi 
 duces copias suas ad bellum educebant. Scipio victor 
 recedit ; Hannibal cum paucis equitibus evadit. Post hoc 
 prcelium pax cum Carthaginiensibus facta est. Scipio, 
 quum Romam rediisset, ingenti gloria triumphavit, atque 
 Africanus appellatus est. Sic finem accepit secundum 
 Punicum bellum post 6 annum undevicesimum quam 
 cceperat. 
 
 A. U. 
 
 556. 
 
 LIBER QUARTUS. 
 
 1. Finito Punico bello, secutum est Mace- 
 donicum 6 contra Philippum regem, Superatus est 
 rex a T. Quinctio Flaminio apud Cynoscephalas, 
 paxque ei data est his legibus : d ne Grcecice civitatibus, 
 quas Romani contra eum defender ant, bellum inferret ; e 
 
 a § 256, R. 6. c § 209, R. 2, (1,) (b.) • § 262. 
 
 » § 253, R. 1. d § 249, II. 
 
I 
 
 LIBER IV. 93 
 
 ut captwos et transfugas redderet ; quinquaginta solum 
 naves haberet ; reliquas Romanis daret; mille talenta 
 pr<zstaret, et obsidem 3, daret filium Demetrium. T. 
 Quinctius etiam Lacedaemoniis intulit bellum, et ducem 
 eorum Nabidem 6 vicit. 
 
 2. Finito bello Macedonico, secutum est bel- A - u * 
 lum Synacum contra Antiocnum regem, cum quo 
 Hannibal se junxerat. Missus est contra eum L. Corne- 
 lius Scipio c consul, cui frater ejus Scipio Africanus legatus 
 est additus. Hannibal navali proelio vict is/ Antiochus 
 autem ad Magnesiam, Asian civitatem, a Cornelio Scipione 
 consule ingenti proelio fusus est. Turn rex Antiochus 
 pacem petit. Data est ei hac lege, ut ex Europd et Asia 
 recederet, atque intra Taurum se contineret, decern millia 
 talentorum et viginti obsides prceberet, Hannibalem, con- 
 citorem belli, dederet. Scipio Romam rediit, et ingenti 
 gloria triumphavit. Nomen et ipse, ad imitationem fra- 
 tris, Asiatici accepit. 
 
 3. Philippo, rege Macedonian, mortuo, filius ejus Per- 
 seus rebellavit, ingentibus copiis paratis. Dux Romano- 
 rum, P. Licinius consul, contra eum missus, gravi proelio 
 a rege victus est. Rex tamen pacem petebat. Cui 
 Romani earn prsestare noluerunt, nisi his conditionibus, ut 
 se et suos Romanis dederet. Mox iEmilius Paullus consul 
 regem ad Pydnam superavit, et viginti millia pedi- 
 
 tum c ejus occidit. Equitatus cum rege fugit. ' ' 
 Urbes Macedonian omnes, quas rex tenuerat, Ro- 
 manis se dediderunt. Ipse Perseus ab amicis desertus in 
 Paulli potestatem venit. Hie, multis etiam aliis rebus 
 gestis, cum ingenti pompa/ Romam rediit in nave Persei, 
 
 ° § 230, R. 2. c § 279, 9. e § 212. 
 
 » § 204. * § 209, R. 4. / § 247, R. 3. 
 
94 ROMAN HISTORY. 
 
 musitatae magnitudinis ; a nam sedecim remorum ordmes 
 habuisse dicitur. Triumphavit magnificentissime in curru 
 aureo, duobus filiis utroque latere 6 adstantibus. Ante 
 currum inter captivos duo regis filii et ipse Perseus ducti 
 sunt. 
 
 4. Tertium deinde bellum contra Carthaginem 
 ' ' susceptum est sexcentesimo et altero c anno ab 
 urbe condita/ anno quinquagesimo primo post- 
 quam secundum bellum Punicum transactum erat. L. 
 Manlius Censorinus et M. Manlius consules in Africam 
 trajecerunt/ et oppugnaverunt Carthaginem. Multa ibi 
 praeclare gesta sunt per Scipionem, Scipionis Africani 
 nepdtem, qui tribunus in Africa militabat. Hujus apud 
 omnes ingens metus et reverentia erat, neque quidquam 
 magis Carthaginiensium duces vitabant, quam contra eum 
 prrelium committere. 
 
 5. Quum jam magnum esset Scipionis nomen, tertio 
 anno postquam Romani in Africam trajecerant, consul est 
 
 creatus, et contra Carthaginem missus. Is hanc 
 ' ' urbem a civibus acerrime defensam 7 cepit ac 
 diruit. Ingens ibi praeda facta, plurimaque inventa 
 sunt, quae multarum civitatum excidiis Carthago college- 
 rat. Haec omnia Scipio civitatibus Italiae, Sicilian, Africse 
 reddidit, quae sua recognoscebant. Ita Carthago septin- 
 gentesimo anno, postquam condita erat, deleta est. Scipio 
 nomen Africani junioris accepit. 
 
 6. Interim in Macedonia quidam Pseudophilippus arma 
 movit, et P. Juvencium, Romanorum ducem, ad interne- 
 ci5nem vicit. Post eum Q. Caecilius Metellus dux a 
 Romanis contra Pseudophilippum missus est, et, viginti 
 
 • § 211, R. 6. c § 120, 1. • § 229, R. 4, 1. 
 
 & § 254, R. 3. d § 274, R. 5. / § 274, 3. 
 
LIBER IV. 95 
 
 quinque millibus ex militibus ejus occisis, Macedoniam 
 
 recepit ; ipsum etiam Pseudophilippum in potestatem su- 
 
 am redegit. Corinthiis quoque bellum indictum est, nobilis- 
 
 simae Graeciae civitati," propter irrjuriam Romanis legatis 
 
 illatam. Hanc Mummius consul cepit ac diruit. 
 
 . . A U. 
 
 Tres igltur Romae simul celeberrimi triumphi fue- ' " 
 
 runt; Scipionis* ex Africa, ante cujus currum 
 ductus est Hasdrubal ; Metelli * ex Macedonia, cujus cur- 
 rum praecessit Andriscus, qui et Pseudophilippus dicitur; 
 Mummii* ex Corintho, ante quern signa 33nea et pictae 
 tabulae et alia urbis clarissimae ornamenta praelata sunt. 
 
 7. Anno sexcentesimo decimo post urbem con- 
 
 A U 
 ditam Viriathus in Lusitania bellum contra Roma- ' A ' 
 
 610. 
 
 nos excitavit. Pastor primo iuit, mox latr5num 
 dux ; postremo tantos ad bellum populos concitavit, ut 
 vindex libertatis Hispaniae existimaretur. Denique a 
 suis 6 interfectus est. Quum interfectcres ejus praemium a 
 Caepione consule peterent, responsum est, nunquam Ro- 
 manis placuisse,f imperatorem a militibus suis interfici. 
 
 8. Deinde bellum exortum est cum Numantinis, civi- 
 tate Hispaniae. Victus ab his Qu. Pompeius, et post eum 
 C. Hostilius Mancmus consul, qui pacem cum iis fecit infa- 
 mem, quam populus et senatus jussit infringi, at que ip- 
 sum Manclnum hostibus tradi. Turn P. Scipio Africanus 
 in Hispaniam missus est. Is primum militem ign^aim 
 et corruptum correxit; turn multas Hispaniae civitates 
 partim bello cepit, partim in deditionem accepit. 
 Postremo ipsam Numantiam fame ad deditionem 
 coegit, urbemque evertit; reliquam provinciam in 
 
 fidem accepit. 
 
 * What is understood? 
 t What is the subject of placuisse f § 269. 
 ° § 204, R. 3. * § 205, R. 7, (1.) N 
 
96 ROMAN HISTORY. 
 
 9. P. Scipione Nasica et L. Calpurnio Bestia con 
 sulibus, Jugurthae, Numidarum regi, bellum illatum est, quod 
 Adherbalem et Hiempsalem, Mieipsae filios, patrueles suos, 
 interemisset. a Missus adversus eum consul Calpurnius 
 Bestia corruptus regis pecunia pacem cum eo flagitiosis- 
 simam fecit, quae a senatu improbata est. Denique Qu. 
 Caecilius Metellus consul Jugurtham variis proeliis vicit, 
 elephantos ejus occidit vel cepit, multas civitates ipsius in 
 deditionem accepit. Ei successit C. Marius, qui bello 
 
 termmum posuit, ipsumque Jugurtham cepit. Ante 
 g^ 8 ' currum triumphantis Marii Jugurtha cum duobus 
 
 filiis ductus est vinctus, et mox jussu consulis in 
 carcere strangulatus. 
 
 LIBER QUINTUS. 
 
 1. Dum bellum in Numidia contra Jugurtham geritur, 
 Cimbri et Teutones aliaeque Germandrum et Gall5rum 
 gentes Italiae 6 minabantur, aliaeque Romanorum exercitus 
 fuderunt. Ingens fuit Romae c timor, ne d iterum Galli 
 urbem occuparent. Ergo Marius consul 6 creatus, eique 
 bellum contra Cimbros et Teutones decretum est ; bello- 
 que protracto, tertius ei et quartus consulatus delatus est. 
 In duobus proeliis cum Cimbris ducenta millia hostium 
 cecidit, octoginta millia cepit, eorumque regem Theutobo- 
 chum ; propter quod meritum absens quinto Consul crea- 
 
 tus est. Interea Cimbri et Teutones, quorum 
 653 copia adhuc infinita erat, in Italiam transierunt. 
 
 Iterum a C. Mario et Qu. Catulo contra eos 
 
 a § 266, 3. c § 221, I. e § 210. 
 
 b § 223, R. 2. <* § 262, R. 7 
 
LIBER V. 97 
 
 dimicatum est* ad Veronam. Centum et quadraginta 
 millia aut in pugna aut in fuga caesa sunt ; sexaginta 
 millia capta. Tria et triginta Cimbris 6 signa sublata sunt. 
 
 2. Sexcentesimo quinquagesimo nono anno ab 
 
 urbe condita in Italia gravissimum bellum exarsit. ' ' 
 Nam Picentes, Marsi, Pelignique, qui multos annos 
 populo Romano obedierant, aequa cum illis jura sibi dari 
 postulabant. Perniciosum admodum hoc bellum fuit. P. 
 Rutilius consul in eo occisus est; plures exercitus fusi 
 fugatique. Tandem L. Cornelius Sulla cum c alia egregie 
 gessit, turn Cluentium, hostium ducem, cum magnis copiis,* 
 fudit. Per quadriennium cum gravi utriusque partis ca- 
 lamitate hoc bellum tractum est. Quinto demum anno 
 L. Cornelius Sulla ei imposuit finem. Romani tamen, 
 id* quod prius negaverant, jus civitatis, bello finito, sociis 
 tribuerunt. 
 
 3. Anno urbis condita sexcentesimo sexagesi- 
 
 mo sexto primum Romas bellum civile exortum ' ' 
 est ; eodem anno etiam Mithridaticum. Causam 
 bello civili C. Marius dedit. Nam quum Sulla3 bellum 
 adversus Mithridatem regem Ponti decretum esset, Marius 
 ei 6 hunc honorem eripere conatus est. Sed Sulla, qui 
 adhuc cum legionibus suis in Italia morabatur, cum exer- 
 citu Romam venit, et adversarios cum interfecit, turn 
 fugavit. Turn rebus Romas utcunque compositis, in 
 Asiam profectus est, pluribusque prceliis Mithridatem 
 coegit, ut pacem a Romanis peteret/ et Asia, quam in- 
 vaserat, relicta, regni sui finibus contentus esset. 
 
 4. Sed dum Sulla in Graecia et Asia Mithridatem vin- 
 cit, Marius, qui fugatus fuerat, et Cornelius Cinna, unus 
 
 a § 209, R. 3, (2.) c § 273, R. 7. e § 206, (13.^ 
 
 * § 224, R. 2. <*-§ 249, III. / § 273, 2 
 
 9 
 
98 ROMAN HISTORY. 
 
 ex consulibus, bellum in Italia repararunt, et ingressi Ro- 
 mam nobilissimos ex senatu a et consulares viros interfece- 
 runt ; multos proscripserunt ; ipsius Sullae domo eversa, 
 filios et uxorem ad fugam compulerunt. Universus reli- 
 quus senatus ex urbe fugiens ad Sullam in Graeciam 
 venit, orans ut patriae subveniret. Sulla in Italiam traje- 
 cit, hostium exercitus vicit, mox etiam urbem ingressus 
 est, quam caede 6 et sanguine civium replevit. Quatuor 
 millia inermium, qui se dediderant, interf ici jussit ; duo mil- 
 lia equitum et senat5rum proscripsit. Turn de Mithridate 
 triumphavit. Duo hasc bella funestissima, Italicum, quod 
 et sociale dictum est, et civile, consumpserunt ultra centum 
 et qumquaginta millia hommum, viros consulares viginti 
 quatuor, praetorios septem, aedilitios sexaginta, senatores 
 fere ducentos. 
 
 LIBER SEXTUS. 
 
 A. U 
 
 676. 
 
 1. Anno urbis conditae sexcentesimo d septua- 
 gesimo sexto, L. Licinio Lueullo* et M. Aurelio 
 Cotta consulibus, mortuus est Nicomedes, rex Bi- 
 thyniae, et testamento populum Romanum fecit heredem/ 
 Mithridates, pace rupta/ Asiam rursus voluit invadere. 
 Ad versus eum ambo consules missi variam habuere fortu- 
 nam. Cotta apud Chalcedonem victus proelio, a rege 
 etiam intra oppidum obsessus est. Sed quum se inde 
 Mithridates Cyzicum* transtulisset, ut, hac urbe capta, 
 
 s § 257, R.5 
 * § 237. 
 
 a § 212, R. 2, N. 4. 
 
 *■ § 120, 2. 
 
 » § 249, I. 
 
 ° § 279, 9. 
 
 c § 274, R. 5. 
 
 / § 230. 
 
LIBER VI. 99 
 
 totam Asiam invaderet, Lucullus ei, a alter consul, occurrit, 
 ac dum Mithridates in obsididne Cyzici commoratur, ipse 
 eum a tergo obsedit, fameque consumptum multis proeliis 
 vicit. Postremo Byzantium 6 fugavit; navali quoque 
 proelio ejus duces oppressit. Ita una hieme c et aestate a 
 Lucullo centum fere millia militum regis exstincta sunt. 
 
 2. Anno urbis sexcentesimo septuagesimo oc- 
 tavo novum in Italia bellum commotum est. Sep- 67g * 
 tuaginta enim quatuor gladiat5res, ducibus d Spar- 
 
 taco, Crixo, et CEnomao, e ludo gladiatorio, qui Capuae* 
 erat, efiugerunt, et per Italiam vagantes paene non levius 
 bellum, quam Hannibal/ moverunt. Nam contraxerunt 
 exercitum fere sexaginta millium armatorum, multosque 
 duces et duos Romanos consules vicerunt. Ipsi victi sunt 
 in Apulia a M. Licinio Crasso proconsule, et, post multas 
 calamitates Italiae,* tertio anno huic bello finis est im- 
 positus. 
 
 3. Interim L. Lucullus bellum Mithridaticum perse- 
 cutus regnum Mithridatis invasit, ipsumque regem apud 
 Cabira civitatem, quo ingentes copias ex omni regno ad- 
 duxerat Mithridates, ingenti proelio superatum fugavit, et 
 castra ejus diripuit. Armenia quoque Minor, quam tene- 
 bat, eidemf erepta est. Susceptus est Mithridates a Ti- 
 grane, Armeniae rege, qui turn ingenti gloria imperabat ; sed 
 hujus quoque regnum Lucullus est ingressus. Tigrano- 
 certa, nobilissimam Armeniae civitatem, cepit; ipsum re- 
 gem, cum magno exercitu venientem, ita vicit, ut robur 
 
 * Is this genitive subjective or objective? § 211, R. 2. 
 
 f i. e. Mithriddti. 
 tt §224. c § 253. '§221,1. 
 
 b § 237. * § 257, R. 7. / § 278. 
 
100 ROMAN HISTORY. 
 
 militum Armeni5rum deleret. Sed quum Lucullus finem 
 bello imponere pararet, successor ei a missus est. 
 
 4. Per ilia tempora piratae omnia maria infestabant ita, 
 ut & Romanis, toto orbe c terrarum victoribus, sola navigatio 
 tuta non esset. Quare id bellum Cn. Pompeio decretum 
 
 est, quod intra paucos menses incredibili felicitate 
 ' " et celeritate confecit. Mox ei delatum bellum 
 
 contra regem Mithridatem et Tigranem. Quo sus- 
 cepto, Mithridatem in Armenia Minore nocturno proelio 
 vicit, castra diripuit, et quadraginta millibus ejus occisis, 
 viginti tantum de exercitu suo perdidit et duos centuridnes. 
 Mithridates fugit cum uxdre et duobus comitibus, neque 
 multo post, Pharnacis filii sui sediti5ne coactus, venenum 
 hausit. Hunc vitae finem habuit Mithridates, vir ingentis 
 industrial atque consilii. Regnavit annis* sexaginta, vixit 
 septuaginta dudbus : contra Romanos bellum habuit annis 
 quadraginta. 
 
 5. Tigrani deinde Pompeius bellum intulit. Ule-^ se g 
 ei h dedidit, et in castra Pompeii venit, ac diadema suum* 
 in ejus* manibus collocavit, quod ei Pompeius* reposuit. 
 Parte-* regni eum multavit et grandi pecunia. Turn alios 
 etiam reges et populos superavit. Armeniam Min5rem 
 Deiotaro, Galatiae regi, donavit, quia auxilium contra 
 Mithridatem tulerat. Seleuciam, vicinam Antiochiae civi- 
 tatem, libertate* donavit, quod regem Tigranem non rece- 
 pisset.' Inde in Judaeam transgressus, Hierosolymam, 
 caput gentis, tertio mense cepit, duodecim millibus Judae5- 
 rum occisis, ceteris in fidem receptis. His gestis finem 
 
 a § 211, R. 5. 
 
 e § 236. 
 
 '§9. 
 
 * § 262, R. 1. 
 
 / § 207, R. 23. 
 
 i § 251. 
 
 c § 254, R. 3. 
 
 * § 208. 
 
 * § 249, 1. 
 
 * § 211, R. 6. 
 
 * § 208, (6.) 
 
 « § 266, 3 
 
LIBER VI. 101 
 
 antiquissimo bello imposuit. Ante triumphantis* currum 
 ducti sunt filii Mithridatis, filius Tigranis, et Aristobulus, 
 rex Judaedrum. Praelata ingens pecunia, auri atque ar- 
 genti infinitum.! Hoc tempore nullum per orbem terra- 
 rum grave bellum erat. 
 
 6. M. Tullio Cicerone oratore et C. Antonio 
 
 A U. 
 
 consulibus, anno ab urbe condita sexcentesimo ' 9 ' 
 
 undenonagesimo L. Serrius Catilina, nobilissimi 
 generis vir, sed ingenii pravisslmi, ad delendam patriam con- 
 juravit cum quibusdam clans quidem° sed audacibus viiis. 
 A Cicerone urbe 6 expulsus est, socii ejus deprehensi et 
 in carcere strangulati sunt. Ab Antonio, altero consule, 
 Catilina ipse proelio victus est et interfectus. 
 
 7. Anno urbis conditae sexcentesimo nonagesi- 
 
 A. U. 
 mo tertio C. Julius Caesar cum L. Bibulo consul 693 ' 
 
 est factus. Quum ei Gallia decreta esset, semper 
 
 vincendo c usque ad Oceanum Britannicum processit. Do- 
 
 muit autem annis^ novem fere omnem Galliam, quae inter 
 
 Alpes ; flumen Rhodanum, Rhenum et Oceanum est. Bri- 
 
 tannis mox bellum intulit, quibus ante eum ne nomen qui- 
 
 dem Romanorum cognitum erat ; Germanos quoque trans 
 
 Rhenum aggressus, ingentibus prceliis vicit. 
 
 8. Circa eadem tempora M. Licinius Crassus contra 
 Parthos missus est. Et quum circa Carras contra omina 
 et auspicia prcelium commisisset, a Surena, Or5dis 
 
 regis duce, victus et interfectus est cum filio, claris- 70Q * 
 simo et praestantissimo juvene. Reliquiae exerci- 
 tus per C. Cassium quaestorem servatae sunt. 
 
 * Supply Pompeii. t Supply pondus. 
 
 • § 279, 3. & § 242 c § 275, R. 4. * § 253. 
 
 9* 
 
102 ROMAN HISTORY. 
 
 A. U. 
 
 705. 
 
 9. Hinc jam bellum civile successit, quo Ro- 
 mani nominis fortuna mutata est. Caesar enim 
 victor e Gallia rediens, absens coepit poscere alte- 
 rum consulatum ; quern quum aliqui sine dubitatione de- 
 ferrent," contradictum est b a Pompeio et aliis, jussusque est, 
 dimissis exercitibus, in urbem redire. Propter hanc in- 
 juriarn ab Arimmo, ubi milites congregates habebat, infesto 
 exercitu Romam contendit. Consules cum Pompeio, 
 senatusque omnis atque universa nobilitas ex urbe fagit, et 
 in Graeciam transiit ; et, dum senatus bellum contra Cae- 
 sarem parabat, hie vacuam urbem ingressus dictatorem 
 se fecit. 
 
 10. Inde Hispanias petit, ibique Pompeii legiones su- 
 peravit; turn in Graecia adversum Pompeium jpsum dimi- 
 cavit. Primo proelio victus est et fugatus ; evasit tamen, 
 quia nocte interveniente Pompeius sequi noluit; dixitque 
 Caesar, nec c Pompeium scire vincere, et illo tantum die se 
 potuisse superari. Deinde in Thessalia apud Pharsalum 
 ingentibus utrinque copiis commissis dimicaverunt. Nun- 
 quam adliuc Romanae copise majores neque melioribus 
 ducibus^ convenerant. Pugnatum est 6 ino;enti contenti- 
 one, victusque ad postremum Pompeius, et castra ejus di- 
 repta sunt. Ipse fugatus Alexandriam petiit, ut a rege 
 iEgypti, cui tutor a senatu datus fuerat, acciperet auxilia. 
 At hie fortunam magis quam amicitiam secutus, occidit 
 Pompeium, caput ejus et annulum Caesari misit. Quo 
 conspecto, Caesar laciymas fudisse dicitur, tanti viri intu- 
 ens caput, et generi # quondam sui. 
 
 * Pompey married Julia, the daughter of Csesar ; but she was now 
 dead. 
 
 a § 145, II. 4. c § 278, R. 7. e § 209, R. 3, (2.) 
 
 & § 184,2. <* § 249,111. 
 
LIBER VI. 103 
 
 11. Quum ad Alexandriam venisset Caesar, Ptolemae- 
 us ei insidias parare voluit, qua de causa regi bellum illa- 
 tum est. Rex victus in Nilo periit, inventumque est cor- 
 pus ejus cum lorica aurea. Caesar, Alexandria potitus, 
 regnum Cleopatrae dedit. Turn inde profectus Pompeia- 
 narum partium reliquias est persecutus, bellisque civili- 
 bus toto terrarum orbe compositis, Romam rediit. Ubi 
 quum insolentius agere coepisset, conjuratum" est in eum 
 a sexaginta vel amplius senatonbus, equitibusque Roma- 
 nis. Praecipui fuerunt inter conjuratos Bruti duo ex 
 genere illius Bruti, qui, regibus expulsis, primus Romas 
 
 consul fuerat, C. Cassius et Servilius Casca. Er- 
 
 A U 
 go Caesar, quum in curiam venisset, viginti tribus 709 ' 
 
 vulneribus confossus est. 
 
 12. Interfecto Caesare, anno urbis septingentesimo no- 
 no bella civilia reparata sunt. Senatus favebat Caesaris 
 percussoribus, 6 Antonius consul a Caesaris partibus stabat. 
 Ergo turbata republica, Antonius, multis sceleribus com- 
 missis, a senatu hostis judicatus est. Fusus fugatusque An- 
 tonius, amisso exercitu, confugit ad Lepidum, qui Caesari 6 
 magister equitum fuerat, et turn grandes copias militum ha- 
 bebat; a quo susceptus est. Mox Octavianus cum An- 
 tonio pacem fecit, et quasi vindicaturus d patris* sui mor- 
 tem, a quo per testamentum fuerat adoptatus, Romam 
 cum exercitu profectus extorsit, ut sibi juveni viginti an 
 norum e consulatus daretur. Turn junctus cum Antonio 
 et Lepido rempublicam armis tenere coepit, senatum^ue 
 proscripsit. Per hos etiam Cicero orator occisus est, muV- 
 tlque alii nobiles. 
 
 * i. e. Julii CcBsdris. 
 a §184,2. C §211,R. 5, 1. '§211, R. 6. 
 
 b § 223, R. 2. d § 274, R. (5. 
 
104 ROMAN HISTORY. 
 
 13. Interea Brutus et Cassius, interfect5res Caesaris, 
 ingens bellum moverunt. Profecti contra eos Caesar Octa- 
 vianus, qui postea Augustus est appellatus, et M. Antonius, 
 
 apud Philippos, Macedonia? urbem, contra eos pug- 
 7 * ^ naverunt. Primo proelio victi sunt Antonius et 
 
 Caesar ; periit tamen dux nobilitatis Cassius ; se- 
 cundo Brutum et infinitam nobilitatem, quae cum illis bel- 
 lum susceperat, victam a interfecerunt. Turn victores 
 rempublicam ita inter se diviserunt, ut Octavianus Caesar 
 Hispanias, Gallias, Italiam teneret; Antonius Orientem, 
 Lepidus Africam acciperet. 
 
 14. Paulo post Antonius, repudiata sorore Caesaris 
 Octaviani, Cleopatram, reginam iEgypti, uxorem duxit. 
 Ab hac incitatus ingens bellum commovit, dum Cleopatra 
 cupiditate muligbri optat Romae regnare. Victus est ab 
 
 Augusto navali pugna clara et illustri apud Actium, 
 ' ' qui locus in Epiro est. Hinc fugit in iEgyptum, 
 
 et, desperatis rebus, quum omnes ad Augustum 
 transirent, se ipse 6 interemit. Cleopatra quoque aspidem 
 sibi admisit, et veneno ejus exstincta est. Ita bellis toto 
 orbe confectis, Octavianus Augustus Romam rediit anno 
 duodecimo* quam consul fuerat. Ex eo inde tempore 
 rempublicam per quadraginta et quatuor annos solus obti- 
 nuit. Ante enim duodecim annis cum Antonio et Lepida 
 tenuerat.f Ita ab initio principals ejus usque ad fin em 
 quinquaginta sex anni fuere. 
 
 * Supply post. § 253, R. 1. t What is understood ? 
 
 ° § 205, R. 2, E. * § 207, R. 28 
 
OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 
 NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 
 
 1. Universus terrarum orbis in tres partes dividitur, 
 Europam/ Asiam, Africam. Europa ab Africa sejun- 
 gitur freto Gaditano, in cujus utraque parte montes sunt 
 altissimi, Abyla in Africa, in Europa Calpe, qui montes 
 Herculis columnae appellantur. Per idem fretum mare 
 internum, quod littoribus Eur5pae, Asiae, et African inclu- 
 ditur, jungitur cum Oceano. 
 
 2. Europa termmos 6 habet ab oriente Tanaim fluvium, 
 pontum Euxinum, et paludem Maeotida ; e a meridie, mare 
 internum ; ab occidente, mare Atlanticum sive Oceanum ; 
 a septentrione, mare Britannicum Mare internum tres 
 maximos sinus habet. Quorum is, qui Asiam a Graecia 
 sejungit, iEgseum mare vocatur; secundus, qui est inter 
 Graeciam et Italiam, Ionium ; tertius denique, qui occiden- 
 tals Italiae oras alluit, a Romanis Tuscum, a Graecis Tyr- 
 rhenum mare appellator. 
 
 3. In ea Eur5pae parte, quae ad occasum vergit, prima 
 terrarum est Hispania, quae a tribus lateribus mari circum- 
 data per Pyrenaeos montes cum Gallia cohaeret. Quum 
 
 a § 204, R. 10. * § 230, R. 2. c § 80, I 
 
106 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 
 
 universa Hispania dives sit a et foecunda, ea tamen regio, 
 quae a flumme Baeti 6 Baetica vocatur, ceteras fertilitate c 
 antecellit. Ibi Gades sitae, insula cum urbe a Tyriis con- 
 dita, quae freto Gaditano nomen dedit. Tota ilia regio 
 viris/ equis, ferro, plumbo, aere, argento, auroque abundat, 
 et ubi penuria aquarum minus est fertilis, linum tamen aut 
 spartum alit. Marmoris quoque lapicidinas habet. In 
 Baetica minium reperitur. 
 
 4. Gallia posita est inter Pyrenaeos montes et Rhenum ; 
 orientalem orain Tuscum mare alluit, occidentalem Ocea- 
 nus. Ejus pars ilia, quae Italiae e est opposita, et Narbo- 
 nensis vocatur, omnium # est laetissima. In ea ora sita est 
 Massilia, urbs a Phocaeis condita, qui, patria a Persis de- 
 victa, quum servitutem ferre non possent, Asia relicta, 
 novas in Eur5pa sedes quaesiverant. Ibidem est campus 
 lapideus, ubi Hercules dicitur contra Neptuni liberos dimi- 
 casse. Quum tela defecissent, Jupiter filium imbre lapidum 
 adjuvit. Credas 7 pluisse;f adeo multi passim jacent. 
 
 5. Rhodanus fluvius, haud longe a Rheni fontibus 
 ortus, lacu Lemano excipitur, servatque impetum, ita ut 
 per medium lacum integer fluat, tantusque, quantus venit, 
 egrediatur. Inde ad occasum versus, Gallias aliquandiu 
 dirimit; donee, cursu in meridiem flexo, aliorum amnium 
 accessu auctus in mare effimditur. 
 
 6. Ea pars Galliae, quae ad Rhenum porrigitur, fru- 
 menti^ pabulique feracissima est, coelum salubre; noxia 
 animalium genera pauca alit. Incolae superbi et supersti- 
 tiosi, ita ut deos humanis victimis 71 gaudere existiment. 
 
 * Supply partium. t Supply illos, i. e. lapides. 
 
 a § 263, 5, R. 1. d § 250, R. 1, (2.) * § 213. 
 
 & § 82, E. 2. e § 224. * § 245 II 
 
 e § 250. / § 261, R. 4. 
 
NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 107 
 
 Magistri religionum et sapientiae sunt Druidae, qui, quae" se 
 scire profitentur, in antris abditisque silvis docent. Animas 
 asternas esse credunt, vitamque alteram post mortem in- 
 cipere. Hanc ob causam cum defunctis arma cremant aut 
 defodiunt, eamque doctrinam homines ad bellum 6 alacri- 
 ores facere existimant. 
 
 7. Universa Gallia divisa est inter tres magnos populos, 
 qui fluviis terminantur. A Pyrenaeo monte usque ad Ga- 
 rumnam Aquitani habitant ; inde ad Sequanam Celtag ; 
 Belgee denique usque ad Rhenum pertinent. 
 
 8. Garumna amnis, ex Pyrenaeo monte delapsus, diu 
 vaddsus est et vix navigabilis. Quanto c magis procedit, 
 tanto fit latior; ad postremum magni freti^ similis, non 
 solum majora navigia tolerat, verum etiam more maris ex- 
 surgit, navigantesque 6 atrociter jactat. 
 
 9. Sequana ex Alpibus ortus in septentrionem pergit. 
 Postquam se haud procul Lutetia 7 cum Matrona conjunxit, 
 Oceano^ infunditur. Haec flumina opportunissima sunt 
 mercibus 71 permutandis et ex mari* interno in Oceanum 
 trans vehendis. 
 
 10. Rhenus itidem ex Alpibus ortus haud procul ab 
 origme lacum efFicit Venetum, qui etiam Brigantinus ap- 
 pellator. Deinde longo spatio- 7 per fines Helveti5rum, 
 Mediomatricorum, et Trevirdrum continuo alveo fertur, 
 aut modicas insulas fc circumfluens; in agro Batavo autem, 
 ubi Oceano appropinquavit, in plures amnes dividitur ; nee 
 jam amnis, sed ripis longe recedentibus, ingens lacus, 
 
 a § 206, (4.) 
 
 e § 205, R. 7, (1,) N. 
 
 * § 82, E 1. 
 
 * § 213, R. 4, (2.) 
 
 / § 241, R. 2. 
 
 J § 236. 
 
 c § 256, R. 16. 
 
 * § 224. 
 
 * § 233. 
 
 * § 222, R. 2. 
 
 * § 275, R. 2. 
 
 
108 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 
 
 Flevo appellator, ejusdemque nommis insulam amplexus, 
 fit iterum arctior et fluvius iterum in mare emittitur. 
 
 11. Trans Rhenum Germani habitant usque ad Vistu- 
 lam, quae finis est Germanise ad orientem. Ad meridiem 
 terminatur Alpibus, ad septentri5nem mari Britannico et 
 Baltico. Incolae corporum proceritate excellunt. Animos 
 bellando a corpora laboribus exercent. Hanc ob causam 
 crebro bella gerunt cum finitimis, non tarn finium prolatan- 
 dorum* causa, aut imperii cupiditate, sed ob belli amdrem. 
 Mites tamen sunt erga supplices c et boni hospitibus. 
 Urbes moenibus cinctas aut fossis aggeribusque munitas 
 non habent. Ipsas domos ad breve tempus struunt non 
 lapidibus aut lateribus coctis sed lignis, quae frondibus 
 tegunt. Nam diu eodem in loco morari d periculosum 
 arbitrantur libertati. 
 
 12. Agricultural Germani non admodum student, nee 
 quisquam agri modum certum aut fines proprios habet. 
 Lacte vescuntur et caseo et carne. Ubi fons, campus, ne- 
 musve iis placuerit/ ibi domos figunt, mox alio transituri 
 cum conjugibus et liberis. Interdum etiam hiemem in 
 subterraneis specubus dicuntur transigere. 
 
 13. Germania altis montibus, silvis, paludibusque in via 
 redditur. Inter silvas^ maxima est Hercynia, cujus latitu- 
 dinem Caesar novem dierum iter 71 patere narrat. Inse- 
 quenti tempore magna pars ejus excisa est. Flumina sunt 
 in Germania multa et magna. Inter haec clarissimum 
 nomen Rheni, de quo supra diximus, et Danubii. Clari 
 quoque amnes, Moenus, Visurgis, Albis. Danubius, om- 
 
 a § 275 ? III., R. 4. <* § 269, R. 1. «" § 212, N. 4 
 
 b § 275, III., R. 1. e § 223. * § 236 
 
 c § 222, R. 4, (3.) / § 223, R. 2. 
 
NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 109 
 
 nium Eurdpae fluminum maximus, apud Rhaetos oritur, 
 flex5que ad ortum solis cursu, receptisque sexaginta amni- 
 bus, in Pontum Euxinum sex vastis ostiis effunditur. 
 
 14. Britanniam insulam Phoenicibus innotuisse, eosque 
 stannum inde et plumbum pellesque petivisse, probabile 
 est. Romanis earn Julius Caesar primus aperuit ; . neque 
 tamen prius cognita esse coepit quam Claudio a imperante. 
 Hadrianus earn, muro ab oeeano Germanico ad Hiberni- 
 cum mare ducto, in duas partes divisit, ut inferiorem in- 
 sulae partem, quae Romanis parebat, a barbarorum populo- 
 rum, qui in Scotia habitabant, incursionibus tueretur. 
 
 15. Maxima insulae pars campestris, collibus passim 
 silvisque distincta. Incolae Gallos proceritate & corporum 
 vincunt, ceterum ingenio b Gallis similes, simpliciores tamen 
 illis c magisque barbari. Nemora habitant pro urbibus. 
 Ibi tuguria exstruunt et stabula pecori, sed plerumque ad 
 breve tempus. Humanitate ceteris praestant ii, qui Can- 
 tium incolunt. Tota haec regio est maritima. Qui in- 
 teridrem insulae partem habitant, frumenta non serunt ; lac- 
 te^ et carne vivunt. Pro vestibus induti sunt pellibus.* 
 
 16. Italia ab Alpibus usque ad fretum Siculum porrigi- 
 tur inter mare Tuscum et Adriaticum. Multo 7 longior 
 est quam latior/ In medio se attollit Apenninus mons, 
 qui, postquam continenti jugo progressus est usque ad 
 Apuliam, in duos quasi ramos dividltur. Nobilissima regio 
 ob fertilitatem soli coelique salubritatem. Quum longe 
 m mare procurrat, plurimos habet portus populdrum inter 
 se' 1 patentes commercio.* Neque ulla facile-* est regio, 
 
 ° § 257. 
 
 e § 249. 
 
 * § 208, (5.) 
 
 * ^ 250. 
 
 / § 256, R. 16. 
 
 * § 223. 
 
 e § 256. 
 
 * § 256, R. 12. 
 
 i § 277, R 7 
 
 * § 245, II. 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
110 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 
 
 quae tot tamque pulchras urbes habeat," inter quas Roma 
 et magnitudme et nominis fama eminet. 
 
 17. Haec urbs, orbis terrarum caput, septem montes 
 complectitur. Initio quatuor port as habebat ; Augusti 
 aevo triginta septem. Urbis magnificentiam augebant fora, 
 templa, porticus, aquaeductus, theatra, arcus triumphales, 
 horti denique, et id genus 6 alia, ad quag vel lecta animus 
 stupet. Quare recte de ea praedicare videntur, qui nullius 
 urbis in toto orbe terrarum magnificentiam ei c comparari 
 posse dixerunt. 
 
 18. Felicissima in Italia regio est Campania. Multi 
 ibi vitiferi colles, ubi nobilissima vina gignuntur, Setinum, 
 Caecubum, Falernum, Massicum. Calidi ibidem fontes 4 * 
 saluberrimi. Nusquam generosior olea. Conchylio* quo- 
 que et pisce nobili maria vicma scatent. 
 
 19. Clarisslmi amnes Italiae sunt Padus et Tiberis. 
 Et Padus quidem in superiore parte, quae Gallia Cisalpina 
 vocatur, ab imis radicibus Vesuli montis exoritur ; primum 
 exilis, deinde aliis amnibus ita alitur, ut se per septem ostia 
 in mare effundat. Tiberis, qui antiquissimis temporibus 
 Albulae nomen habebat, ex Apennmo oritur ; deinde duo- 
 bus et quadraginta fluminibus auctus fit navigabilis. Plu- 
 rimas in utraque ripa villas adspicit, praecipue autem urbis 
 Romanae magnificentiam. Placidissimus amnium raro ripas 
 egreditur. 
 
 20. In inferiore parte Italiae clara quondam urbs Taren- 
 tum, quae maris sinui, cui adjacet, nomen dedit. Soli 
 fertilitas coelique jucunda temperies in causa fuisse videtur, 
 ut incolae luxuria et deliciis enervarentur. Quumque 7 
 
 a § 264, 7. c § 224. c § 250, (2.) 
 
 * § 231, R. 5. * § 209, R. 4. / § 263, 5, R. 1 
 
I 
 
 NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. Ill 
 
 aliquandiu potentia a florerent, copiasque haud contemnen 
 das alerent, peregrinis tamen plerumque ducibus in bellis 
 utebantur, ut Pyrrho, rege Epiri, quo superato, urbs in 
 Romanorum potestatem venit. 
 
 21. Proxima Italiae est Sicilia, insula omnium* maris 
 interni maxima. Antiquissimis temporibus earn cum Italia 
 cohaesisse, marisque impetu, aut terra motu inde divulsam 
 esse, verisimile est. Forma triangularis, ita ut litterae, 
 quam Graeci Delta vocant, imagmem referat. A tribus 
 promontoriis vocatur Trinacria. Nobilissimus ibi mons 
 iEtnae, qui urbi Catanae immmet, turn ob altitudinem, 
 turn etiam ob ignes, quos effimdit ; quare Cyclopum in illo 
 monte officmam esse poetae dicunt. Cineres e crateribus 
 egesti agrum circumjacentem foecundum et feracem red- 
 dere existimantur. Sunt ibi Piorum campi, qui nomen 
 habent a dudbus juvenibus Catanensibus, qui, flammis 
 quondam repente ingruentibus, parentes senectute confec- 
 tos, humeris sublatos, flammae b eripuisse feruntur. Nomina 
 fratrum Amphinomus et Anapus fiierunt. 
 
 22. Inter urbes Siciliae nulla est illustrior Syracusis, 
 Corinthiorum colonia, ex quinque urbibus conflata. Ab 
 Athenienslbus bello petita, maximas hostium copias delevit : 
 Carthaginienses etiam magnis interdum cladibus affecit. 
 Secundo bello Punico per triennium oppugnata, Archime- 
 dis potissimum ingenio et arte defensa, a M. Marcello 
 capta est. Vicinus huic urbi fons Arethusae Nymphae* 
 sacer, ad quam Alpheus d amnis ex Peloponneso per mare 
 Ionium lapsus f comissarij dicitur. Nam si quid ad 
 Olympiam in ilium amnem jactum fuerit, id in Arethusae 
 
 * Supply insularum. t Supply esse. 
 
 X Infinitive denoting a purpose after lapsus esse. § 271, at the end 
 
 a § 250. * § 224, R. 2. c § 222. d § 293 N 
 
112 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 
 
 fonte reddi.* De ilia fabula quid statuendum sit,* sponte 
 apparet. 
 
 23. In mari Ligustico insula est Corsica, quam Graeci 
 Cyrnum vocant. Terra aspera multisque locis 6 invia, 
 coelum grave, mare circa importunum. Incolae latrociniis 
 dediti feri sunt et horridi. Mella quoque illius insulae 
 amara esse dicuntur corporibusque d nocere. Proxima ei 
 est Sardinia, qua? a Graecis mercatoribus Ichnusa vocatur, 
 quia formam humani vestigii habet. Solum 6 quam coelum 
 melius. Illud fertile, hoc grave ac noxium. Noxia quo- 
 que animalia herbasque venenatas gignit. Multum inde 
 frumenti f Romam mittitur ; unde haec insula et Sicilia nu- 
 trices urbis vocantur. 
 
 24. Graecia nommis celebritate e omnes fere alias orbis 
 terrarum regidnes superavit. Nulla enim magnorum inge- 
 niorum h fuit feracior ; neque ulla belli pacisque artes ma- 
 jore studio excoluit. Plurimas eadem colonias in omnes 
 terras partes deduxit. Multum itaque terra marique valuit, 
 et gravissima bella magna cum gloria gessit. 
 
 25. Graecia inter Ionium et iEgaeum mare porrigltur. 
 In plurimas regiones divisa est, quarum amplissimae sunt 
 Macedonia et Epirus — quamquam hae a nonnullis a Grae- 
 cia sejunguntur — turn Thessalia. Macedoniam Philippi 
 et Alexandri regnum illustravit; quorum ille i Graeciam 
 subegit, hic i Asiam latissime domuit, ereptumque Persist 
 imperium in Macedones transtulit. Centum ejus regionis 
 et quinquaginta urbes numerantur; quarum septuaginta 
 
 * Supply dicitur. 
 a § 265. e § 209, R. 4. * § 213. 
 
 * § 254, R. 3. / § 212, R. 3. * § 207, R. 23. 
 
 e § 235, R. 4. * § 250. i § 224, R. 2 
 
 <* § 223 R. 2. 
 
NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 113 
 
 duas, Perseo, ultimo Macedonia? rege, superato, Paullus 
 iEmilius diripuit. 
 
 26. Epirus, quae ab Acrocerauniis incipit montibus, 
 desinit in Acheloo flumme. Plures earn populi incolunt. 
 Illustris ibi Doddna in Moloss5rum finibus, vetustissimo 
 Jo vis oraculo inelyta. Columbae ibi ex arboribus oracula 
 dedisse narrantur; quercusque ipsas et lebetes aeneos 
 inde suspensos deorum voluntatem tinnitu significasse" 
 fama est. 
 
 27. Acheloi fluvii ostiis insulae aliquot objacent, qua- 
 rum maxima est Cephallenia. Multae praeterea insulae 
 littori Epiri adjacent, interque eas Corey ra, quam Home- 
 rus Scheriam appellasse existimatur. In hae Phaeacas 
 posuit ille et hortos Alcinoi. Coloniam hue deduxerunt 
 Corinthii, quo 6 tempore Numa Pompilius Romae regna- 
 vit. Vicina ei Ithaca, Ulyssis patria, aspera montibus, 
 sed Homeri carminibus adeo nobilitata, ut d ne fertilissimis 
 quidem regionibus cedat. 
 
 28. Thessalia late patet inter Macedoniam et Epirum, 
 fcecunda regio, generosis praecipue equis* excellens, unde 
 Thessalomm equitatus celebemmus. Montes ibi memo- 
 rabiles Olympus, in quo deorum sedes esse existimatur, 
 Pelion et Ossa, per quos 7 gigantes ccelum petivisse dicun- 
 tur; (Eta denique, in cujus vertice Hercules, rogo con- 
 scenso, se ipsunr cremavit. Inter Ossam* et Olympum 
 Peneus, limpid issimus amnis, delabitur, vallem amcenissi- 
 mam, Tempe vocatam, irrigans. 
 
 29. Inter reliquas Graeciae regiones nommis claritate 
 emmet Attica, quae etiam Atthis vocatur. Ibi Athenae, 
 
 tt § 272. 
 
 * § 262, R. 1. 
 
 « § 207, R. 28. 
 
 * § 206, (3.) 
 
 e § 250. 
 
 » § 235, R, 2 
 
 c § 221, 1. 
 
 / § 247, R. 4. 
 
 
 10* 
 
 
 
114 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 
 
 de qua urbe deos inter se certasse fama est. Certius est,* 
 nullam unquam urbem tot poetas tulisse, tot oratores, tot 
 philosophos, totque in omni virtutis genere claros viros. 
 Res autem bello eas gessit, ut huic soli 6 gloriae c studere 
 videretur ; pacisque artes ita excoluit, ut hac laude magis 
 etiam quam belli gloria splenderet. Arx ibi sive Acropo- 
 lis d urbi imminens, unde latus in mare prospectus patet. 
 Per propylaea ad earn adscenditur,' splendidum Periclis 
 opus. Cum ipsa urbe per longos muros conjunctus est 
 portus Piraeeus, post bellum Persicum secundum a The- 
 mistocle munitus. Tutissima ibi statio navium. 
 
 30. Atticam attingit Boeotia, fertilissima regio. Incolae 
 magis corporibus 7 valent quam ingeniis. Urbs celeber- 
 rima Thebse/ quas Amphion musices ope moenibus 
 cinxisse dicitur. Illustravit earn Pindari poetse ingenium, 
 Epaminondse virtus. Mons d ibi Helicon,* Musarum sedes, 
 et Cithaeron plurimis poetarum fabulis celebratus. 
 
 31. Boeotiae* Phocis finitima, ubi Delphi urbs claris- 
 sima. In qua urbe oraculum Apollmis quantam apud 
 omnes gentes auctoritatem habuerit/ quot quamque prse- 
 clara munera ex omni fere terrarum orbe Delphos h missa 
 fberint, nemo ignSrat. Imminet urbi Parnassus mons, in 
 cujus verticibus Musae habitare dicuntur, unde aqua fontis 
 Castalii poetarum ingenia inflammare existimatur. 
 
 32. Cum ea parte Graeciae, quam hactenus descripsi- 
 mus, cohaeret ingens peninsula, quae Peloponnesus voca- 
 tur, platani folio simillima. Angustus ille trames inter 
 
 * What is the predicate of this proposition ? 
 a § 269. * § 209, R. 4. * § 265. 
 
 » § 107. * § 209, R. 3, (2.) * § 237 
 
 e § 223. / § 250. 
 
NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 115 
 
 iEgaeum mare et Ionium, per quem cum Megaride cohae- 
 ret, Isthmus appellator. In eo templum Neptuni est, ad 
 quod ludi celebrantur Isthmici. Ibidem in ipso Pelopon- 
 nesi aditu, Corinthus sita est, urbs antiquissima, ex cujus 
 siiramr arce, (Acrocorinthon 6 appellant,*) utrumque mare 
 conspieitur. Quum opibus floreret, maritimisque valeret 
 copiis, gravia bella gessit. In bello Achaico, quod Roma- 
 ni cum Graecis gesserunt, pulcherrima urbs, quam Cicero 
 Graeciae lumen appellat, a L. Mummio expugnata funditus- 
 que deleta est. Restituit earn Julius Caesar, colonosque 6 
 eo milites veteranos misit. 
 
 33. Nobilis est in Peloponneso urbs Olympia, templo 
 Jo vis Olympii ac statua illustris. Statua ex ebore facta, 
 Phidiae summi artificis opus praestantissimum. Prope 
 illud templum ad Alphei flummis ripas ludi celebrantur 
 Olympici, ad quos videndos d ex tota Graecia concurritur/ 
 Ab his ludis Graeca gens res gestas suas numerat. 
 
 34. Nee Spaita praetereunda est, urbs nobilissima, 
 quam Lycurgi leges, civiumque virtus et patientia illustra- 
 vit/ Nulla fere gens bellica laude ff magis floruit, plu- 
 resque viros fortes constantesque genuit. Urbi immmet 
 mons Taygetus, qui usque ad Arcadiam procurrit. Proxi- 
 me urbem 71 Enrotas fluvius delabitur, ad cujus ripas Spar- 
 tani se exercere solebant. In Sinum Lagonicum efFundl- 
 tur. Haud procul inde abest promontorium Taenarum, 
 ubi altissimi specus, per quos Orpheum ad inferos de» 
 scendisse narrant. 1 
 
 35. Mare iEgaeum, inter Graeciam Asiamque patens 
 
 
 * Supply quam. § 230. 
 
 
 a § 205, R. 17. 
 
 * § 275, III., R. 3. 
 
 ' § 250. 
 
 6 § 54 
 
 ' § 184, 2. 
 
 * § 235, (5,) R. 5. 
 
 e § 230, R. 2. 
 
 / § 209, R. 12, (3.) 
 
 « § 209, R. 2, (2.) 
 
116 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 
 
 plunmis insulis distinguitur. Illustres inter eas sunt Cycla- 
 des, sic appellatae, quia in orbem jacent. Media earum* 
 est DeluSj quae repente e mari enata esse dicitur. In ea 
 insula Latona Apollmem et Dianam peperit, quae numina 
 ibi una cum matre summa religione coluntur. Urbi im- 
 minet Cynthus, mons excelsus et arduus. Inopus amnis 
 pariter cum Nilo decrescere et augeri dicitur. Mercatus in 
 Delo celeberrimus, quod ob portus commoditatem templi- 
 que religionem mercat5res ex toto orbe terrarum eo con- 
 fluebant. Eandem ob causam civitates Graeciae, post 
 secundum Persicum bellum, tributa ad belli usum in earn 
 msulam, tanquam in commune totius Graeciae aerarium, 
 conferebant ; quam pecuniam insequenti tempore Atheni- 
 enses in suam urbem transtulerunt. 
 
 36. Eubcea insula littori 6 Boeotiae et Atticae praetendi- 
 tur, angusto freto a continenti distans. Terrae motu a 
 JBoeotia avulsa esse creditur ; saepius earn concussam esse c 
 constat. Fretum, quo a Graecia sejungitur, vocatur Eurl- 
 pus, saevum et aestuosum mare, quod continuo motu agita- 
 tur. Nonnulli dicunt septies quovis die statis tempori- 
 bus fluctus alterno motu agitari ; alii hoc negant, dicentes, 
 mare temere in venti modum hue illuc moveri. Sunt, 
 qui . narrent/ Aristotelem philosophum, quia hujus mirac- 
 lili causas investigare non posset/ aegritudine confec- 
 tum esse. 
 
 37. Jam ad Boreales regi5nes pergamus/ Supra Ma- 
 cedoniam Thracia porrigitur a Ponto Zuxino usque ad 
 Illyriam. Regio frigida et in iis tantum partibus foecun 
 dior, quae propi5res sunt mari. Pomif erae arbores rarae , 
 frequentiores vites ; sed uvae non maturescunt, nisi frigus 
 
 a § 212. c § 269. * § 2G6, 2. 
 
 6 § 224. * § 264, 6. / § 260, R. 6. 
 
NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 117 
 
 studiose arcetur. Sola Thasus, insula littori Thraciae ad- 
 jacens, vino excellit. Amnes sunt celeberrimi Hebrus, ad 
 quern Orpheus a Maenadibus discerptus esse dicitur ; Nestus 
 et Stiymon. Montes altissimi, Haemus, ex cujus vertice 
 Pontus et Adria conspicitur ; Rhodope et Orbelus. 
 
 38. Plures Thraciam gentes incolunt nominibus diver- 
 sae et moribus. Inter has Getae omnium sunt ferocissimi 
 et ad mortem paratissimi." Animas enim post mortem 
 redituras existimant. Recens nati apud eos deflentur; 
 funera autem cantu lusuque celebrantur. Plures singuli 
 uxores habent. Hse omnes, viro defiincto, mactari simul- 
 que cum eo sepeliri cupiunt, magnoque id certamine a 
 judicibus 6 contendunt. Virgines non a parentibus tra- 
 duntur viris, sed aut publice ducendae locantur, aut vene- 
 unt. Form5s33 in pretio sunt; ceterae maritos mercede 
 data inveniunt. 
 
 39. Inter urbes Thracise memorable est Byzantium, 
 ad Bosporum Thracium, urbs natura munita et arte, quae 
 cum c ob soli fertilitatem, turn ob vicinitatem maris omnium 
 rerum, quas vita requirit, eopia d abundat. Nee Sestos 
 praetereunda est silentio, urbs ad Hellespontum posita, quam 
 amor Herus et Leandri memorab2em reddidit ; nee Cynos- 
 sema, tumulus Hecubae, ubi ilia, post Trojam dirutam, in 
 canem mutata et sepulta esse dicitur. Nomen etiam habet 
 in iisdem regionlbus urbs iEnos, ab iEnea e patria pro- 
 fugo condita; Zone, ubi nemora Orpheum canentem 
 secuta esse nan^antur ; Abdera denique, ubi Diomedes rex 
 advenas equis suis devorandos objiciebat, donee ipse ab 
 Hercule iisdem objectus est. Quae urbs quum ranarum 
 muriumque multitudme infestaretur, incolae, relicto patriae 
 
 • § 222, R. 4. * § 231, R. 2. e § 278, R. 7. * § 250, (2.) 
 
118 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 
 
 solo, novas sedes quaesiverunt. Hos Cassander, rex Ma- 
 cedonian, in societatem accepisse, agrosque in extrema* 
 Macedonia assignasse dicitur. 
 
 40. Jam de Scythis pauca dicenda sunt. Terminatut 
 Scythia ab uno latere Ponto Euxino, ab altero montibus 
 Rhipasis, a tergo Asia et Phaside flumine. Vasta regio 
 nullis fere intus finibus dividitur. Scythae enim nee 
 agrum exercent, nee certas sedes habent, sed armenta et 
 pecora pascentes per incultas solitudmes errare solent. 
 Uxores liberosque secum in plaustris vehunt. Lacte et 
 melle vescuntur; aurura et argentum, cujus nullus apud 
 eos usus est, aspernantur. Corpora pellibus 6 vestiunt. 
 
 41. Diversae sunt Scytharum gentes, diversique mores. 
 Sunt, qui funera parentum festis sacrificiis celebrent, c 
 eorumque capitibus affabre expolitis auroque vinctis pro 
 poculis utantur. Agathyrsi ora et corpora pingunt, idque* 
 tanto d magis, quanto quis e illustrioribus gaudet majoribus/ 
 Ii, qui Tauricam Chersonesum incolunt, antiquissimis 
 temporibus advenas Dianae mactabant. Interius habitan- 
 tes ceteris^ rudiores sunt. Bella amant, et quo quis* plu- 
 res hostes interemerit, eo d maj5re existimatione apud suos A 
 habetur. Ne foedera quidem incmenta sunt. Sauciant 
 se qui paciscuntur, sanguinemque permistum degustant. 
 Id fidei pignus certissimum esse putant. 
 
 42. Maxima flummum Scythicorum sunt Ister, qui et 
 Danubius vocatur, et Borysthenes. De Istro supra dictum 
 est.* Borysthenes, ex ignotis fontibus ortus, liquidissimas 
 
 * Supply faciunt. 
 
 a § 205, R. 17. d § 256, R. 16. * § 256. 
 
 * § 249, I. • § 137, 1, (c.) a § 205, R. 7, (1,) N. 
 
 c § 264, 6. / § 245, II • § 225, III., R. 1. 
 
NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 119 
 
 aquas trahit et potatu* jucundas. Placidus idem laetissima 
 pabiila alit. Magno spatio navigabflis juxta urbem Borys- 
 thenida 6 in Pontum effunditur. 
 
 43. Ultra Rhipaeos montes et Aquil5nem gens habitare 
 existimatur felicissima, Hyperboreos * appellant. Regio 
 apnea, felix coeli temperies omnique affiatu c noxio carens. 
 Semel in anno sol iis oritur solstitio/ bruma semel occidit. 
 Incolae in nemoribus et lucis habitant ; sine omni discor- 
 dia et aegritudme vivunt. Quum vitae 6 eos 7 taedet, epulis 
 sumptis ex rupe se in mare praecipitant. Hoc enim sepul- 
 ture genus beatissimum esse existimant. 
 
 44. Asia ceteris terras partlbus est amplior. Oceanus 
 earn alluit, ut locis ita nominibus differens ; Ecus ab ori- 
 ente, a meridie Indicus, a septentrione Scythicus. Asiae 
 nomine appellatur etiam peninsula, quae a mari iEgaeo 
 usque ad Armeniam patet. In hac parte est Bithynia ad 
 Propontidem sita, ubi Granicus in mare efrunditur, ad quem 
 amnera Alexander, rex Macedonia^ primam victoriam de 
 Persis reportavit. Trans ilium amnera sita est Cyzicus in 
 cervice peninsulae, urbs nobilissima, a Cyzico appellata, 
 qui in illis regionibus ab Argonautis pugna occisus est. 
 Haud procul ab ilia urbe Rhyndacus in mare effunditur, 
 circa quem angues nascuntur, non solum ob magnitudmem 
 mirabiles, sed etiam ob id, quod, quum ex aqua emergunt 
 et hiant, supervobntes aves absorbent. 
 
 45. Propontis cum Ponto jungitur per Bosporum/ quod 
 fretum quinque stadia latum Europam ab Asia separat. 
 Ipsis in faucibus Bospori oppidum est Chalcedon,f ab 
 
 * Supply quam. I Supply condila. 
 
 ■ § 276, III. d § 253. / § 229, R. 6. 
 
 6 § 80, I. e § 215, (1.) * § 247, R. 4 
 
 c § 250, (2.) 
 
120 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 
 
 Argia, Megarensium principe, et templum Jo vis, ab Jasone 
 conditum. Pontus ipse ingens est maris sinus, non molli 
 neque arenoso circumdatus littore, tempestatibus* obnoxi- 
 us, raris stationibus. 6 Olim ob saevitatem populdrum, qui 
 circa habitant, Axenus appellatus fuisse dicitur; postea, 
 mollitis illorum moribus, dictus est Euxlnus. 
 
 46. In littore Ponti, in Mariandynorum agro, urbs est 
 Heraclea, ab Hercule, ut fertur, condita. Juxta earn spe- 
 lunca est Acherusia, quam ad Manes perviam esse existi- 
 mant. c Hinc Cerberus ab Hercule extractus fuisse dicitur. 
 Ultra fluvium Thermodonta Mossyni habitant. Hi totum 
 corpus distinguunt notis. Reges suffragio eligunt ; eosdem 
 in turre lignea inclusos arctissime custodiunt, et, si quid 
 perperam imperitaverint, rf inedia totius diei afficiunt. Ex- 
 ternum Ponti angulum Colchi tenent ad Phasidem ; quae 
 loca fabula de vellere aureo et Argonautarurn expeditio 
 illustravit. 
 
 47. Inter provincias Asiae proprie dictae illustris est 
 Ionia, in duodecim civitates divisa. Inter eas est Miletus, 
 belli pacisque artibus inclyta; eique vicinum Panionium, 
 sacra regio, quo omnes Ionum civitates statis temporibus 
 legatos solebant mittere. Nulla facile 6 urbs plures colo- 
 nias misit, quam Miletus. Ephesi, quam 7 urbem Amaz- 
 ones condidisse traduntur, templum est Dianae, quod sep- 
 tem mundi miraculis^ annumerari solet. Totius templi 
 longitudo est quadringentdrum viginti quinque pedum/ 
 latitudo ducentorum viginti ; columnae centum viginti sep- 
 tem numero, sexaginta pedum altitudine ; ex lis triginta 
 sex caelatae. Operi praefuit Chersiphron architectus. 
 
 a § 222. d § 209, R. 2, (1,) (6.) « § 224. 
 
 * § 211, R. 6. e § 277, R. 7. * § 211, R. 6 
 
 c § 209, R. 2, (2.) / § 206, (3.) 
 
NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 121 
 
 48. jEolis olim Mysia appellata," et, ubi Hellespontum 
 attingit, Troas. Ibi Ilium fuit situm ad radices montis 
 Idae, urbs bello, quod per decern annos cum universa 
 Graecia gessit, clarissima. Ab Idseo monte Scamander de- 
 fluit et Simois, amnes fama quam natura maj5res. lpsum 
 montem certamen* dearum Paridisque judicium illustrem 
 reddidit. In littore clarae sunt urbes Rboeteum et Dar- 
 dania; sed sepulcrum Ajacis, qui ibi post certamen cum 
 Ulysse gladio incubuit, utraque f clarius. 
 
 49. Ionibus 6 Cares sunt finitimi, populus arm5rum c 
 bellique adeo amans, ut aliena etiam bella mercede ac- 
 cepta gereret. Princeps Cariae urbs Halicarnassus, Ar- 
 givorum colonia, regum sedes olim. Unus eorum Mau- 
 s5lus fuit. Qui quum vita d defunctus esset, Artemisia 
 conjux desiderio mariti flagrans, ossa ejus cineresque con- 
 tusa cum aqua miscuit ebibitque, splendidumque prseterea 
 sepulcrum exstruxit, quod inter septem orbis terrarum 
 miracula censetur. 
 
 50. Cilicia sita est in intimo recessu maris, ubi Asia 
 proprie sic dicta cum Syria conjungitur. Sinus ille ab 
 urbe Isso Issici nomen habet. Fluvius ibi Cydnus aqua* 
 limpidissima et frigidissima, in quo Alexander Macedo 
 quum lavaret/ parum abfuit, quin frigore enecaretur/ 
 Antrum Corycium in iisdem regionibus ob singularem 
 naturam memorabile est. Ingenti illud hiatu patet im 
 monte arduo, alteque demissum undique viret lucis pen- 
 dentibus. Ubi ad ima perventum est/ rursus aliud antrum 
 aperitur. Ibi sonitus cymbalorum ingredientes * terrere 
 
 * See " Mythology," section 11. t Supply urbe. 
 
 ° § 209, R. 4. * § 245, 1. * § 262. 
 
 5 § 222. « § 211, R. 6. * § 184, 2. 
 
 ' § 2]3. / § 229, R. 4, 1. * § 205, R. 7, (1,) N 
 
 11 
 
122 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 
 
 dicitur. Totus hie specus augustus est et vere sacer, et a 
 diis habitari existimatur. 
 
 51. E Cilicia egressos" Syria excipit, cujus pars est 
 Phoenice in littore maris interni posita. Hanc regionem 
 sollers hominum genus colit. Phoenices enim litterarum 
 formas a se inventas aliis populis tradiderunt ; alias etiam 
 artes, quae ad navigationem et mercaturam spectant, studi- 
 ose coluerunt. Ceterum fertilis regio, & crebrisque flumini- 
 bus rigata, quorum ope terrae marisque opes facili negotio 
 inter se c permutantur. NobilissTmae Phoenices urbes Si- 
 don, antequam a Persis caperetur, maritimarum urbium 
 maxima, et Tyrus, aggere cum terra conjuncta. Purpura 
 hujus urbis omnium pretiosissima. Conficitur ille color ex 
 succo in conchis, quae etiam purpurae vocantnr, latente. 
 
 52. Ex Syria descenditur d in Arabiam, peninsulam 
 inter duo maria, Rubrum et Persicum, porrectam. Hujus 
 ea pars, quae ab urbe Petra Petraeae nomen accepit, plane 
 est sterilis ; hanc excipit ea, quae ob vastas solitudines 
 Deserta vocatur. His partibus adhaeret Arabia Felix, regio 
 angusta, sed cinnami, thuris aliorumque odorum, feracissi- 
 ma. Multae ibi gentes sunt, quae fixas sedes non babe- 
 ant/ Nomades a Graecis appellatae. Lacte et carne ferina 
 vescuntur. Multi etiam Arabum populi latrociniis 7 vivunt. 
 Primus e Romanis iElius Gallus in hanc terram cum exer- 
 c~tu penetravit. 
 
 53. Camelos inter armenta pascit Oriens. Duo harum 
 sunt genera, Bactrianae et Arabiae. Illae bina habent in 
 dorso tubera, hae singula ; unum autem sub pectore, cui 
 incumbant. Dentium ordme^ superiore carent. Sitim A 
 
 a § 205, R. 7, (1,) N. d § 184,2. * § 250, (2.) 
 
 * § 209, R. 4. e § 264, 1. * § 79, 2. 
 
 c § 208, (5.) / § 245, II 
 
NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 123 
 
 quatriduo tolerant; aquam, antequam bibant, pedibus 
 turbant. Vivunt quinquagenis annis \ quaedam etiam 
 centenis. 6 
 
 54. Ex Arabia pervenitur in Babyloniam, cui Babylon 
 nomen dedit, Chaldaicarum gentium caput, urbs et magni- 
 tudine et divitiis clara. Semiramis earn condiderat, vel, ut 
 multi crediderunt, Belus, cujus regia ostenditur. Mums 
 exstructus latere ulo c coctili, triginta et duos pedes' 1 est 
 latus, ita ut quadrigae inter se occurrentes sine periculo 
 commeare dicantur ; altitudo ducentomm pedum ; turres 
 autem denis 6 pedibus d quam mums altidres sunt. Totius 
 operis ambitus sexaginta millia passuum complectitur. 
 Mediam urbem 6 permeat Euphrates. Arcem habet vigin- 
 ti stadiorum 7 ambitu;^ super ea pensiles horti conspiciun- 
 tur, tantaeque sunt moles tamque firmae, ut onera nemorum 
 sine detrimento ferant. 
 
 55. Amplissima Asiae regio A India primum patefacta est 
 armis Alexandri Magni, regis Macedonia^ cujus exemplum 
 success5res secuti in interiora* Indiae penetraverunt. In 
 eo tractu, quern Alexander subegit, quinque millia J oppido- 
 mm fuisse, gentesque novem, Indiamque tertiam partem 
 esse terrarum omnium, ejus comites scripserunt. Ingentes 
 ibi sunt amnes, Indus et Indo * major Ganges. Indus in 
 Paropamiso ortus undeviginti amnes recipit, totidem Gan- 
 ges interque eos plures navigabiles. 
 
 56. Maxima in India gignuntur animalia. Canes ibi 
 grandiores ceteris. Arbores tantae proceritatis esse tra- 
 duntur, ut sagittis superjaci nequeant. Hoc l efficit uber- 
 
 a § 236. 
 
 e § 233. 
 
 * § 212, R. 3, N. 4 
 
 * § 119, III. 
 
 / | 211, R. 6. 
 
 / § 272. 
 
 c § 249, I. 
 
 *§ 250. 
 
 *§ 256. 
 
 * § 256, R. 16. 
 
 * § 204. 
 
 " § 206, (13.) 
 
124 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 
 
 tas soli, temperies coeli, aquarum abundantia. Immanes 
 quoque serpentes alit, qui elephantos morsu et ambitu cor- 
 poris conficiunt. Solum tam pingue et ferax, ut mella 
 frondibus" defluant, sylvae lanas ferant, arundmum inter- 
 nodia fissa cymbarum usum praebeant, binosque, quaedam 
 etiam ternos homines, vehant. 
 
 57. Incolarum habitus moresque diversi. Lino 6 alii 
 vestiuntur et lanis arborum, alii ferarum aviumque pellibus, 
 pars nudi c incedunt/ Quidam animalia occidere eorum- 
 que carnibus vesci nefas putant;* alii piscibus tantum 
 aluntur. Quidam parentes et propinquos, prius quam an- 
 nis et macie conficiantur, velut hostias caedunt eorumque 
 visceribus* epulantur; ubi senectus eos morbusve invadit, 
 mortem in solitudine aequo animo exspectant. Ii, qui 
 sapientiam profitentur, ab ortu solis ad occasum stare solent, 
 solem immobilibus oculis intuentes ; ferventibus arenis toto 
 die alternis pedibus insistunt. Mortem non exspectant, 
 sed sponte arcessunt in rogos incensos se praecipitantes. 
 
 58. Maximos India elephantos gignit, adeoque fer5ces, 
 ut Afri elephanti illos paveant, nee contueri audeant. Hoc 
 annual cetera omnia docilitate superat. Discunt arma 
 jacere, gladiatorum more congredi, saltare et per funes 
 incedere. Plinius narrat, Romae unum segnioris ingenii 
 saepius castigatum esse verberibus, quia tardius 7 accipie- 
 bat, quae tradebantur ; eundem repertum esse noctu eadem 
 meditantem. Elephanti gregatim semper ingrediuntur. 
 Ducit agmen maximus natu/ cogit is, qui aetate ei est 
 
 * What are the accusatives after putant f § 230. 
 
 • § 242. d § 209, R. 11. * § 250. 
 
 > § 249. • § 245, II. 
 
 e § 205, R. 3. / § 256, R. 9. 
 
NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 125 
 
 proximus. Amnem transituri minimos praemittunt. Ca- 
 piuntur foveis. In has ubi elephas deciderit, ceteri ramos 
 congerunt, aggeres construunt, omnlque vi conantur extra- 
 here. Domantur fame et verberibus. Domiti militant et 
 turres armatorum in hostes ferunt, magnaque ex parte 
 Orientis bella conficiunt. Totas acies prosternunt, armatos 
 proterunt. Ingens dentibus pretium. In Graecia ebur ad 
 deorum simulacra tanquam pretiosissima materia adhibe- 
 tur ; in extremis b Africae postium vicem in domiciliis prae- 
 bet, sepesque in pecorum stabulis elephant5rum dentibus 
 fiunt. Inter omnia animalia a maxime oderunt c murem. 
 Infestus elephanto etiam rhinoceros, qui nomen habet a 
 cornu, quod in naso gerit. In pugna maxime adversarii 
 alvum petit, quam scit esse molliorem. Longitudine 
 elephantum fere exsequat ; crura multo breviora ; color 
 buxeus. 
 
 59. Etiam Psittacos India mittit. Haec avis humanas 
 voces optime reddit. Quum loqui discit, ferreo radio ver- 
 beratur, aliter enim non sentit ictus. Capiti d ejus eadem 
 est duritia, qua3 rostro. Quum devolat, rostro se excipit, 
 eique innititur. 
 
 60. Testudines tantae magnitudinis Indicum mare emit- 
 tit, ut singularum testis casas integant. 6 Insiilas 7 rubri 
 praecipue maris his navigant cymbis. Capiuntur obdor- 
 miscentes in summa aqua, id^ quod proditur stertentium 
 sonitu. Turn terni adnatant, a dudbus in dorsum vertitur, 
 a tertio laqueus injicitur, atque ita a pluribus in littore 
 stantibus trahitur. In mari testudines conchyliis vivunt; 
 tanta enim oris est duritia, ut lapides comminuant; in 
 
 ° § 212, R. 2, N. 4. d § 226. / § 237, R. 5. 
 
 & § 212, R. 3, N. 4. e § 209, R. 2, (2.) * § 206, (13.) 
 
 - § 183, 3, N. 
 
 11* 
 
126 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 
 
 terram egressae, herbis. # Pariunt ova ovis avium similia, 
 ad centena numero ; eaque extra aquarn defossa terra 
 cooperiunt. 
 
 61. Margaritas Indici oceani omnium maxime laudan- 
 tur. Inveniuntur in conchis scopulis adhaerentibus. Maxi- 
 ma laus est in candore, magnitudme, laevore, pondere. 
 Raro duae inveniuntur, quae sibi ex omni parte sint similes. 
 Has auribus" suspendere, 6 feminarum est gloria. Duos 
 maximos uniones Cleopatra, iEgypti regina, habuisse dici- 
 tur. Horum unum, ut Antonium magnificentia superaret, 
 in coena aceto solvit, solutum hausit. 
 
 62. jEgyptus, inter Catabathmum et Arabas posita, a 
 plurimis ad Asiam refertur ; alii Asiam Arabico sinu termi- 
 nari existimant. Haec regio, quanquam expers c est imbri- 
 um/ mire tamen est fertilis. Hoc 6 Nilus efficit, omnium 
 fluviorum, qui in mare internum effiinduntur, maximus. 
 Hie in desertis Africae oritur, turn ex ^Ethiopia descendit 
 in iEgyptum, ubi de altis rupibus praecipitatus usque ad 
 Elephantidem urbem fervens adhuc decurrit. Turn demum 
 fit placidior. Juxta Cercasorum oppidum in plures amnes 
 dividitur, et tandem per septem ora effiinditur in mare. 
 
 63. Nilus, nivibus in iEthiopiae montibus solutis, cres- 
 cere incipit Luna nova post solstitium per quinquaginta 
 fere dies; totidem diebus minuitur. Justum incrementum 
 est cubit5rum sedecim. Si minores sunt aquae, non omnia 
 rigant. Maximum incrementum fuit cubit5rum duodevi- 
 ginti ; minimum quinque. Quum stetere aquae, aggeres 
 aperiuntur, et arte aqua in agros immittitur. Quum omnis 
 recesserit, agri irrigati et limo obducti seruntur. 
 
 * Supply vivunt. 
 a § 224. * § 213. * § 206, (13.^ 
 
 • § 269. <* §§ 82, E. 5, and 83. 1. 
 
NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 127 
 
 64. Nilus crocodllum alit, belluam quadrupedem, in 
 terra non minus quam in flumine hominibus infestam. 
 Unum hoc animal terrestre linguae usu caret; dentium 
 plures habet ordines ; maxilla inferior est immob3is. Mag- 
 nitudine excedit plerumque duodeviginti cubita. Parit 
 ova anserinis* non maj5ra. Ungulbus etiam armatus 
 est, et cute contra omnes ictus invicta. Dies in terra 
 agit, noctes in aqua. Quum satur est, et in littore somnum 
 capit ore hiante, trochilus, parva avis, dentes ei faucesque 
 purgat. Sed hiantem conspicatus ichneumon, per eas- 
 dem fauces ut telum aliquod immissus, erodit alvum. 
 Hebetes oculos dicitur habere in aqua, extra aquam acer- 
 rimos. Tentyritae in insula Nili habitantes, dirae huic 
 belluae a obviam ire audent, eamque incredibUi audacia 
 expugnant. 
 
 65. Aliam etiam belluam Nilus alit, hippopotamum ; 
 ungiilis h bin is, dorso c equi et juba et hinnitu ; rostro resi- 
 mo, cauda et dentibus aprorum. Cutis impenetrabilis, 
 praeterquam si humore madeat. Primus hippopotamum 
 et quinque crocodilos M. Scaurus aedilitatis suae ludis d 
 Romae ostendit. 
 
 66. Multa in iEgypto mira sunt et artis et naturae ope 
 ra. Inter ea, quae manibus hominum facta sunt, eminent 
 pyramides, quarum maximae sunt et celeberrimae in monte 
 sterili inter Memphin oppidum et earn partem iEgypti, 
 quae Delta vocatur. Amplissimam earum trecenta sexa- 
 ginta sex c hominum millia annis viginti exstruxisse tra- 
 duntur. Haec octo jugera soli occupat ; unumquodque latus 
 octingentos octoginta tres pedes longum est ; altitudo a 
 
 * Supply ovis. 
 a § 228. e § 211, R. 6, (1.) • § 279, 7 
 
 » § 211, R. 6. d 5 253. 
 
128 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 
 
 cacumme pedum quindecim millium. Intus in ea est pu- 
 teus octoginta sex cubit5rum. Ante has pyramides Sphinx 
 est posita mirae magnitudinis. Capitis ambitus centum* 
 duos pedes habet ; longitudo est pedum centum quadra- 
 ginta trium ; altitude a ventre usque ad summum capitis 
 apicem sexaginta duorum. 
 
 67. Inter miraciila iEgypti commemoratur etiam Mce- 
 ris lacus, quingenta millia passuum in circuitu patens ; 
 Labyrinthus ter mille domos et regias duodecim uno pari- 
 ete amplexus, totus marmore b exstructus tectusque ; turris 
 denique in insula Pharo, a Ptolemaeo, Lagi filio, condita. 
 Usus c ejus navibus noctu ignes ostendere ad prsenuntian- 
 da d vada portusque introitum. 
 
 68. In palustribus iEgypti regionibus papyrum nasci- 
 tur. Radicibus incolae pro ligno utuntur ; ex ipso autem 
 papyro navigia texunt, e libro vela 5 tegetes, vestem ac 
 funes. Succi causa etiam mandunt modo crudum, modo 
 decoctum. Praeparantur ex eo etiam chartae. Chartse ex 
 papyro usus post Alexandri demum victorias repertus est. 
 Prirno enim scriptum* in palmarum foliis, deinde in libris 
 quarundam arborum ; postea public a monimenta plumbeis 
 tabulis confici, aut marmoribus mandari coepta sunt Tan- 
 dem aemulatio regum Ptolemaei et Eumenis in bibliothecis 
 condendis occasionem dedit membranas* Pergami invenien- 
 di. Ab eo inde tempore libri modo in charta ex papyro 
 facta, modo in membranis scripti sunt. 
 
 69. Mores incolarum iEgypti ab ali5rum populorum 
 moribus vehementer discrepant. Mortuos nee cremant, 
 nee sepeliunt ; verum arte medicatos intra penetralia collo- 
 
 * Supply est ab hominlbus. 
 
 § 141, R. 
 
 
 a § 120, 2. c § 209, R. 4. 
 
 
 ' 5 275, 1. 
 
 * § 249. d § 275, R. 3 
 
 
 
NATIONS OF ANTIQ.UITY. 129 
 
 cant. Negotia extra domos femmae, viri domos et res 
 domesticas curant ; onera illae humeris, hi capitibus gerunt. 
 Colunt effigies multorum animalium et ipsa aiiimalia. 
 Haec interfecisse a capitale est ; morbo exstincta lugent et 
 sepeliunt. 
 
 70. Apis omnium JEgypti populorum numen est ; bos 
 niger cum Candida in dextro latere macula ; nodus sub lin- 
 gua, quern cantharum appellant. Non fas est eum certos 
 vitae annos excedere. Ad hunc vitae terminum quum 
 pervenerit, mersum in fonte enecant. Necatum lugent, 
 aliumque quaerunt, quem ei substituant ; nee tamen unquam 
 diu quaeritur. Delubra ei sunt gemma, quae thalamos 
 vocant, ubi populus auguria captat. Alterum* intrasse 
 laetum est; in altero dira portendit. Pro bono etiam ha- 
 betur signo, si e manibus consulentium cibum capit. In 
 publicum procedentem grex puer5rum comitatur, carmen- 
 que in ejus honorem canunt, & idque videtur intelligere. 
 
 71. Ultra iEgyptum -^thiopes habitant. Horum pop- 
 uli quidam Macrobii vocantur, quia paulo quam nos diutius 
 vivunt. Plus auri c apud eos reperitur, quam saris ; hanc 
 ob causam aes illis videtur pretiosius. JEre se exornant, 
 vincula auro d fabricant. Lacus est apud eos, cujus aqua 
 tarn est liquida atque levis, ut nihil eorum, quae immittun- 
 tur, sustinere queat ; quare arborum quoque folia non in- 
 natant aquae, sed pessum aguntur. 
 
 72. Africa ab oriente terminatur Nilo ; a ceteris parti- 
 bus mari. Regiones ad mare positae eximie sunt fertiles ; 
 interiores incultae et arenis sterilibus tectae, et ob nimium 
 
 Supply thus : [Apim] alterum \thaldmum] intrdsse latum est. 
 
 ° § 269. c § 212, R. 3. d § 249, I. 
 
 * § 209, R. 11, (2.) 
 
130 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 
 
 calorem desertas. Prima pars ab occidente est Maurita- 
 nia. Ibi mons praealtus Abyla, Calpae monti in Hispania 
 oppositus. Hi montes columnse Herculis appellantur. 
 Fama est, ante Herculem mare internum terris inclusum 
 fuisse, nee exltum habuisse in Oceanum ; Herculem autem 
 junctos montes diremisse et mare junxisse cum Oceano. 
 Ceterum regio ilia est ignobilis et parvis tantum oppidis 
 habitatur. Solum melius quam incolae. 
 
 73. Numidia magis culta et opulentior. Ibi satis longo 
 a littore intervallo saxa cernuntur attrita fluctibus, spinae 
 piscium, ostreorumque fragmenta, ancorae etiam cautibus 
 infixae, et alia ejusmodi signa maris olim usque ad ea loca 
 efTusi. Finitima regio, a promontorio Met agon io ad aras 
 Philaen5rum, proprie vocatur Africa. Urbes in ea celeber- 
 rimae Utica et Carthago, ambae a Phoenicibus conditae. 
 Carthaginem divitiae, mercatura imprimis comparatae, turn 
 bella cum Romanis gesta, excidium denique illustravit.* 
 
 74. De aris Philaen5rum haec narrantur. Pertinacis- 
 sima fuerat contentio inter Carthaginem et Cyrenas de 
 finibus. Tandem placuit, 6 utrinque eodem tempore juve- 
 nes mitti, et locum, quo convenissent, pro finibus haberi. 
 Carthaginiensium legati, Philaeni fratres, paulo ante tem- 
 pus constitutum egressi esse dicuntur. Quod quum Cyre- 
 nensium legati intellexissent, magnaque exorta esset con- 
 tentio, tandem Cyrenenses dixerunt, se turn demum hunc 
 locum pro finibus habituros esse, si Philaeni se ibi vivos 
 obrui passi essent. c Illi conditionem acceperunt. Car- 
 thaginienses autem animosis juvenibus in illis ipsis locis, 
 ubi vivi sepulti sunt, aras consecraverunt, eorumque virtu- 
 tern aeternis honoribus prosecuti sunt. 
 
 a § 209, R. 12, (3.) 6 § 269. c § 266, R. 4, 
 
NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 131 
 
 75. Inde ad Catabathmum Cyrenaiea porrigitur, ubi 
 Ammonis oraculum et fons quidam, quern Solis esse * dicunt. 
 Hie fons media nocte fervet," turn paulatim tepescit ; sole 
 oriente fit frigidus ; per meridiem maxime riget. Catabath- 
 mus vallis est devexa versus iEgyptum. Ibi finitur Africa. 
 Proximi his populi urbes non habent, sed in tuguriis vivunt, 
 quae mapalia vocantur. Vulgus pecudum vestitur pellibus. 
 Potus est lac succusque baccarum ; cibus caro. Interiores 
 etiarn incultius vivunt. Sequuntur greges suos, utque hi 
 pabulo ducuntur, ita illi tuguria sua promovent. Leges 
 nullas habent, nee in commune consultant. Inter hos 
 Troglodytae in speciibus habitant, serpentibusque aluntur. 
 
 76. Ferarum Africa feracissima. Pardos, pantheras, 
 leones gignit, quod belluarum genus Europa ignorat. Le- 
 oni 6 praecipua generositas. Prostratis parcere dicitur; in 
 infantes nonnisi surama fame ssevit. Animif ejus index 
 cauda, quam, dum placidus est, imm5tam servat ; dum 
 irascitur, terram et se ipsum c ea flagellat. Vis summa in 
 pectore. Si fugere cogitur, contemptim cedit, quam dm 
 spectari potest; in silvis acerrimo cursu fertur. Vulnera- 
 tus peroussorem novit, d et in quantalibet multitudine appe- 
 tit. Hoc tarn saevum animal gallinacei cantus terret. 
 Domatur etiam ab hominibus. Hanno Pcenus primus 
 i'eonem man suefac turn ostendisse dicitur. Marcus autem 
 Antonius triumvir primus, post pugnam in campis Philip 
 picis, Romas lednes ad currum junxit. 
 
 77. Struthiocameli Afiici altitudmem equitis equo c in 
 sidentis exaequant, celeritatem vincunt. Pennae ad hoc 
 demum videntur datae, ut currentes adjuvent ; nam a terra 
 
 * Supply fontem. t What is the predicate of this clauses* 
 
 ° § 145, I. 1. c § 207, R. 28. • § 224. 
 
 & § 22G. d § 183,3, N 
 
132 OF THE GEOGRAPHY, &C. 
 
 tolli non possunt. Ungulae cervinis sunt similes. His in 
 fuga comprehendunt lapides, eosque contra sequentes jacu- 
 lantur. Omnia concoquunt. Cetemm magna iis stolidi- 
 tas, ita ut, quum caput et collum frutice occultaverint, se 
 latere existiment. Pennae e5rum quaeruntur ad ornatum. 
 
 78. Africa serpentes generat vicenum a cubitorum; 
 nee minores India. Certe Megasthenes scribit, serpentes 
 ibi in tantam magnitudmem adolescere, ut solidos hauriant 
 cervos taurosque. In primo Punico bello ad flumen Ba- 
 gradam serpens centum viginti pedum a Regulo, impera- 
 tore Romano, ballistis et tormentis expugnata esse fertur. 
 Pellis ejus et maxillae diu Romae in templo quodam asser- 
 vatae sunt. In India serpentes perpetuum bellum cum 
 elephantis gerunt. Ex arboribus se in praetereuntes # 
 praecipitant gressusque ligant nodis. Hos nodos elephanti 
 manu resolvunt. At dracones in ipsas elephantdrum nares 
 caput condunt spiritumque praecludunt plerumque in ilia 
 dimicatione utrique commoriuntur, dum victus elephas cor- 
 mens serpentem pondere suo elidit. 
 
 § 119, III. * Supply illos 
 
DICTIONARY. 
 
 EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 a active. 
 
 adj adjective. 
 
 adv adverb. 
 
 c. . . . common gender. 
 camp. . . . comparative. 
 conj. . . . conjunction. 
 
 d doubtful gender. 
 
 def. .... defective. 
 dep. .... deponent. 
 dim diminutive. 
 
 f. feminine. 
 
 freq frequentative. 
 
 imp impersonal. 
 
 inc inceptive. 
 
 ind. .... indeclinable. 
 
 int interjection. 
 
 irr irregular. 
 
 m masculine. 
 
 n neuter. 
 
 neut. pass, neuter passive. 
 
 num. . . . numeral 
 part. . . . participle. 
 pass. . . . passive. 
 
 pi plural. 
 
 prep. . . . preposition. 
 
 pret preteritive. 
 
 pro pronoun. 
 
 rel relative. 
 
 subs. . . . substantive. 
 sup superlative. 
 
 $ This character refers to the sections of Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar. 
 
 A., an abbreviation of Aulus. 
 §328. 
 
 A, ab, abs, prep./rom : ab oriente, 
 on the east : a meridie, on the 
 south. Before the agent of a 
 passive verb, by. § 195, R. 2. 
 
 Abdera, se, f. a maritime town of 
 Thrace. 
 
 Abdltus, a, um, part & adj. 
 hidden ; concealed ; removed ; 
 secret; from 
 
 Abdo, abdere, abdldi, abdltum, a. 
 (ab & do, § 172,) to remove 
 from view; to hide; to con- 
 ceal. 
 
 Abduco, abducere, abduxi, ab- 
 12 
 
 ductum, a. (ab & duco,) to lead 
 
 away. 
 Abductus, a, um, part (abduco.) 
 Abeo, abire, abii, abltum, irr. n. 
 
 (ab & eo.) to go away ; to de- 
 part. 
 Aberro, are, avi, atum, n. (ab & 
 
 erro,) to stray ; to wander ; 
 
 to lose the way. 
 Abjectus, a, um, part from 
 Abjicio, abjicere, abjeci, abjec- 
 
 tum, a. (ab & jacio, § 172,) 
 
 to cast, to cast away; to 
 
 throw aside. 
 Abluo, ere, i, turn, a. (ab & ]uo,* 
 
 to wash away ; to purify 
 
136 
 
 ABRUMPO ACCIPIO. 
 
 Abrumpo, abrumpere, abrupi, ab- 
 ruptum, a. to break. 
 
 Abscindo, abscindere, abscldi, 
 abscissum, a. (ab & scindo,) 
 to cut off. 
 
 Absens, tis, part, (absum, § 154,) 
 absent. 
 
 Absolvo, absolvere, absolvi, ab- 
 solutum, a. (ab & solvo,) to 
 loose ; to release. 
 
 Absorbeo, absorbere, absorbui 
 & absorpsi, a. (ab & sorbeo, 
 § 168,) to suck in ; to swallow. 
 
 Absterreo, ere, ui, ltum, a. (abs 
 & terreo,) to /lighten away ; 
 to deter. 
 
 Abstinentia, se, f. abstinence ; dis- 
 interestedness ; freedom from 
 avarice; from 
 
 Abstineo, abstinere, abstinui, a. 
 (abs & teneo, § 168,) to keep 
 from ; to abstain. 
 
 Absum, abesse, abfui, irr. n. 
 (ab & sum,) to be absent or 
 distant; to be gone: parum 
 abesse, to want but little ; to 
 be near. 
 
 Absumo, absumere, absumpsi, 
 absumptum, a. (ab & sumo,) 
 to consume ; to destroy ; to 
 waste. 
 
 Absumptus, a, um, part.( absumo.) 
 
 Absurdus, a, um, adj. (ab & sur- 
 dus, deaf; senseless,) sense- 
 less ; absurd. 
 Abundantia, se, f. plenty ; abun- 
 dance; from 
 Abundo, are, avi, atum, n. (ab & 
 
 undo, to boil,) to overflow ; to 
 abound. 
 Abyla, se, f. Abyla; a mountain 
 in Africa, at the entrance of 
 the Mediterranean sea, oppo- 
 site to mount Calpe in Spain. 
 These mountains were an- 
 ciently called the Pillars of 
 Hercules. 
 Ac, atque, conj. and ; as ; than. 
 
 § 198, R. 1. 
 Acca, ae, f. Acca Laurentia, the 
 wife of Faustulus, and nurse 
 of Romulus and Remus. 
 Accedo, accedere, accessi, ac- 
 cessum, n. (ad & cedo, § 196, 
 I. 2,) to draw near ; to ap- 
 proach ; to advance ; to en- 
 gage in ; to undertake. 
 Accendo, accendere, accendi, 
 accensum, a. (ad & candeo, 
 §§ 172 and 189, 1,) to set onfire. 
 Accensus, a, um, part, (accendo,) 
 set onfire ; kindled ; lighted ; 
 inflamed ; burning. 
 Acceptus, a, um, part, (accipio.) 
 Accessus, us, m. (accedo,) ap- 
 proach; access; accession. 
 Accido, ere, i, n. (ad & cado, 
 § 172,) to fall down at or be- 
 fore : accidit, imp. it happens, 
 or it happened. 
 Accipio, accipere, accepi, accep- 
 tum, a. (ad & capio, § 189, 2,) 
 to take or receive ; to learn ; to 
 hear; to understand; to ac- 
 cept : accipere finem, to come 
 to an end ; to terminate. 
 
ACCIPITEK AJJDUCO. 
 
 137 
 
 Acciplter, tris, § 71, m. a hawk. ■ 
 
 Accumbc, accumbere, accubui, 
 n. (ad & cubo, § 165,) to sit 
 or recline at table. 
 
 Accurate, adv. (ad & cura,) ac- 
 curately ; carefully. 
 
 Accurro, accurrere, accurri or 
 accucurri, n. (ad & curro,) to 
 run to. 
 
 Accuse-, are, avi, atum, a. (ad & 
 causor, to allege,) to accuse ; 
 to blame ; to find fault with. 
 
 Acer, acris, acre, § 108 ; comp. 
 acrior ; sup. acerrimus, § 125, 
 1; adj. sharp; sour; eager; 
 vehement; rapid; courageous ; 
 fierce ; violent ; acute ; keen ; 
 piercing. 
 
 Acerbus, a, um, adj. sour ; un- 
 ripe; vexatious; harsh; mo- 
 rose; disagreeable. 
 
 Acerrime, adv. sup. See Acrlter. 
 
 Acervus, i, m. a heap. 
 
 Acetum, i, n. vinegar. 
 
 Achalcus, a, um, adj. Achaean, 
 Grecian. 
 
 Achelous, i, m. a river of Epi- 
 rus. 
 
 Acherusia, se, f. a lake in Cam- 
 pania; also, a cave in Bi- 
 thynia. 
 
 Achilles, is & eos, m. the son 
 of Peleus and Thetis, and the 
 bravest of the Grecian chiefs 
 at the siege of Troy. 
 
 Acklus, a, um, adj. sour ; sharp ; 
 acid. 
 
 Acies, ei, t. an edge ; a line of 
 
 soldiers; an army in battle 
 array ; a squadron ; a rank ; 
 an army ; a battle. 
 
 Acinus, i, m. a berry ; a grape- 
 stone. 
 
 Acrlter, acrius, acerrime, adv. 
 sharply; ardently; fiercely; 
 courageously. 
 
 Acroceraunia, orum, n. pi. § 96 ; 
 lofty mountains between Alba- 
 nia and JEpirus. 
 
 Acrocorinthos, i, f. the citadel oj 
 Corinth. 
 
 Acropolis, is, f. the citadel Oj 
 Athens. 
 
 Actio, onis, f. (ago,) an action ; 
 operation; a process. 
 
 Actium, i, n. a promontory of 
 Epirus, famous for a naval 
 victory of Augustus over An- 
 tony and Cleopatra. 
 
 Actus, a, um> part, (ago,) driven; 
 led. 
 
 Aculeus, i, m. a sting ; a thorn ; 
 a prickle; a porcupine's quill. 
 
 Acumen, inis, n. (acuo,) acute- 
 ness ; perspicacity. 
 
 Acus, us, f. a needle. 
 
 Ad, prep, to ; near ; at ; towards 
 with a numeral, about. 
 
 Adamas, antis, m. adamant ; et 
 diamond. 
 
 Additus, a, um, part from 
 
 Addo, addere, addldi, additum, 
 a. (ad & do,) to add ; to an- 
 nex ; to appoint ; to give. 
 
 Adduco, adducere, adduxi, ad- 
 ductum, a. (ad & duco,) to 
 
138 
 
 ADEMPTUS ADOPTO. 
 
 lead ; to bring : in dubitatio- 
 
 nem, to bring into question. 
 Ademptus, a, um, part, (adimo.) 
 Adeo, adv. so; therefore; so 
 
 much; to such a degree; so 
 
 very. 
 Adeo, adire, adii, aditum, irr. n. 
 
 (ad & eo,) to go to. § 182, 3. 
 Adhaerens, tis, part, from 
 Adhsereo, adhaerere, adhsesi, n. 
 
 (ad & hsereo,) to stick to ; to 
 
 adhere ; to adjoin ; to lie con- 
 
 tiguous. 
 Adherbal, alis, m. a king ofNu- 
 
 midia, put to death by his 
 
 cousin Jugurtha. 
 Adhibeo, adhibere, adhibui, ad- 
 
 hibltum, a. (ad & habeo, § 189, 
 
 2,) to admit ; to apply ; to use ; 
 
 to employ. 
 Adhuc, adv. hitherto; yet; as 
 
 yet; still. 
 Adimo, adimere, ademi, ademp- 
 
 tum, a. (ad & emo,) to take 
 
 away. 
 Aditus, us, m. (adeo,) a going 
 
 to ; entrance ; access ; ap- 
 proach. 
 Adjaceo, ere, ui, ltum, n. (ad & 
 
 jaceo,) to adjoin ; to lie near ; 
 
 to border upon. 
 Adjungo, adjungere, adjunxi, ad- 
 
 junctum, a. (ad & jungo,) to 
 
 join ; to unite with. 
 Adjutus, a, um, part, from 
 Adjuvo, adjuvare, adjuvi, adju- 
 
 tum, a. (ad & juvo,) to assist ; 
 
 to help ; to aid. 
 
 Admetus, i, m. a king of Thes- 
 saly. 
 
 Administer, tri, m. a servant ; 
 an assistant. 
 
 Administro, are, avi, atum, a. 
 (ad & ministro,) to adminis- 
 ter ; to manage. 
 
 Admiratio, onis, f. (admiror,) ad- 
 miration. 
 
 Admiratus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Admiror, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 admire. 
 
 Admissus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Admitto, admittere, admisi, ad- 
 missum, a. (ad & mitto,) to 
 admit ; to allow ; to receive. 
 
 Admodum, adv. (ad & modus,) 
 very ; much ; greatly. 
 
 Admoneo, ere, ui, ltum, a. (ad & 
 moneo,) to admonish ; to 
 warn ; to put in mind. 
 
 Admonitus,a,um,part.(admoneo.) 
 
 Admoveo, admovere, admovi, ad- 
 motum, a. (ad & moveo,) to 
 bring to ; to move to. 
 
 Adnato, are, avi, atum, freq. (ad 
 & nato,) to swim to. 
 
 Adolescens, tis, adj. (adolesco,) 
 (comp. ior, § 126, 4,) young : 
 subs, a young man or woman ; 
 a youth. 
 
 Adolescentia, se, f. youth, from 
 
 Adolesco, adolescere, adolevi, 
 adultum, inc. to grow; to in- 
 crease ; to grow up. 
 
 Adopto, are, avi, atum, a. (ad & 
 opto,) to adopt ; to take for a 
 son ; to assume. 
 
ADORIOR ^GRITUDO. 
 
 139 
 
 Adorior, oriri, ortus sum, dep. 
 § 177, (ad & orior,) to attack ; 
 to accost ; to address ; to un- 
 dertake. 
 
 Adria, ee, m. the Adriatic sea. 
 
 Adriatlcus, a, um, adj. Adriatic : 
 mare Adriatlcum, the Adriat- 
 ic sea or gulf; now, the gulf 
 of Venice. 
 
 Adscendo, or ascendo, adscen- 
 dere, adscendi, adscensum, 
 a. (ad & scando,) to ascend; 
 to rise : adscenditur, the as- 
 cent is, or they ascend. 
 
 Ad- or as- sisto, sistere, stiti, n. 
 (ad & sisto,) to stand by ; to 
 assist ; to help. 
 
 Adspecturus, a, um, part, (aspi- 
 cio.) 
 
 Ad- or as- spergo, gere, si, sum, 
 a. (ad & spargo,) to sprinkle. 
 
 Ad- or as- spicio, spicere, spexi, 
 spectum, a. (ad & specio,) to 
 look at ; see ; regard ; behold. 
 
 Ad- or as- stans, tis, part, from 
 
 Ad- or as- sto, stare, stiti, n. (ad 
 & sto,) to stand by; to be 
 near. 
 
 Ad sum, adesse, adfui, adfuturus, 
 irr. n. (ad & sum,) to be pres- 
 ent ; to aid ; to assist. 
 
 Adulator, oris, m. (adulor,) a 
 flatterer. 
 
 Aduncus,a,um,adj. bent ; crooked. 
 
 Advectus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Advelio, advehere, advexi, ad- 
 vectum, a. (ad & veho,) to 
 carry ; to convey. 
 12* 
 
 Advena, £e, c. § 31, (adveuio,) a 
 stranger. 
 
 Adveniens, tis, part, from 
 
 Advenio, advenire, adveni, ad- 
 ventum, n. (ad & venio,) to 
 arrive; to come. 
 
 Adventus, lis, m. an arrival t a 
 coming. 
 
 Adversarius, i, m. (adverser,) an 
 adversary ; an enemy. 
 
 Adversus & adversum, prep. 
 against; towards. 
 
 Adversus, a, um, adj. (adverto,) 
 adverse ; opposite ; unfavor- 
 able ; bad ; fronting : ad ver- 
 sa cicatrix, a scar in front : 
 adverso corpore, on the breast. 
 
 Advoco, are, avi, atum, a. (ad & 
 voco,) to call for or to ; to 
 call : to summon. 
 
 Advolo, are, avi, atum, n. (ad & 
 volo,) to fly to. 
 
 ^Edifico, are, avi, atum, a. (sedes 
 & facio,) to build. 
 
 iEdilitas, atis, f. the office of an 
 edile ; edileship. 
 
 iEdilitius, (vir,) i, m. one who has 
 been an edile. 
 
 ^Egseus, a, um, adj. JEg&an : 
 iEgseum mare, the JEgami 
 sea, lying between Greece and 
 Asia Minor. It is now called 
 the Archipelago. 
 
 JGger, ra, rum, adj. sick ; weak ; 
 infirm ; diseased. 
 
 iEgre, adv. grievously ; with dif- 
 ficulty. 
 
 iEgritudo, inis, f. sorrow ; grief. 
 
140 
 
 iEGYPTUS AFFICIOR. 
 
 JSgyptQB,i,f.§29,2; ^fejffrf. 
 
 ./Elius, i, m. the name of a Ro- 
 man family. 
 
 ^Emilius, i, m. the name of several 
 noble Romans of the gens 
 ^Emilia, or Mmilian tribe, 
 
 iEmulatio, onis, f. (semulor,) em- 
 ulation; rivalry ; competition. 
 
 iEmulus, a, um, adj. emulous. 
 
 iEmulus, i, m. a rival; a com- 
 petitor. 
 
 iEneas, 33, m. a Trojan prince, 
 the son of Venus and An- 
 chises. 
 
 iEneus, a, um, adj. brazen. 
 
 ^Enos, i, f. § 29, 2; a town in 
 Thrace, at the mouth of the 
 Hebrus, named after its foun- 
 der, Mneas. 
 
 ^Eolis, idis, f. a country on the 
 western coast of Asia Minor, 
 between Troas and Ionia. 
 
 iEqualis, e, adj. equal. 
 
 iEquallter, adv. equally. 
 
 ^Equltas, atis, f. equity ; justice ; 
 moderation. 
 
 iEquus, a, um, adj. equal : sequus 
 animus, or sequa mens, equa- 
 nimity. 
 
 Aer, is, m. the air; the atmos- 
 phere. 
 
 iErariurn, i, n. the treasury ; from 
 
 Ms, seris, n. brass ; money. 
 
 iEschylus, i, m. a celebrated 
 Greek tragic poet. 
 
 iEsculapius, i, m. the son of 
 Apollo, and god of medicine. 
 
 iEstas. atis, f. summer. 
 
 iEstimandus, a, um, part, to be 
 esteemed, prized, or regarded; 
 from 
 
 iEstlmo, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 esteem ; to value ; to regard ; 
 to judge of; to estimate. 
 
 iEstuo, are, avi, atum, n. to be . 
 very hot. 
 
 iEstuosus, a, um, adj. stormy ; 
 boiling; surging; turbulent. 
 
 iEstus, us, m. heat. 
 
 iEtas, atis, f. age. 
 
 iEternus, a, um, adj. eternal; 
 immortal. 
 
 ^Ethiopia, se, f. Ethiopia, a coun- 
 try in Africa, lying on both 
 sides of the equator. 
 
 iEthiops, opis, m. an Ethiopian. 
 
 iEtna, as, f. a volcanic mountain 
 in Sicily. 
 
 iEvum, i, n. time ; an age. 
 
 Afer, ra, rum, adj. § 106, of Africa. 
 
 Affabre, adv. artfully ; ingeni- 
 ously ; curiously ; in a work- 
 manlike manner. 
 
 Affectus, a, um, part, affected; 
 afflicted. 
 
 Affero, afferre, attuli, allatum, 
 irr. a. (ad & fero,) to bring : 
 to carry. 
 
 Afficio, icere, eci, ectum, a. (ad 
 & facio,) to affect : media, to 
 deprive of food : cladlbus, to 
 overthrow. 
 
 Afficior, ici, ectus sum, pass, to 
 be affected: gaudio, to be af- 
 fected with joy ; to rejoice : fe- 
 bri, to be attacked with a fever 
 
 
 i 
 
AFFIGO AGRIGENTUM. 
 
 141 
 
 Affigo, affigere, affixi, affixum, 
 a. (ad & figo,) to fasten ; to 
 affix : cruci, to crucify. 
 
 Affinis, e, adj. neighboring ; con- 
 tiguous. 
 
 Affinis, is, c. a relation. 
 
 Affirmo, are, avi, atum, a. (ad & 
 fir mo,) to affirm ; to confirm. 
 
 Affixus, a, um, part, (affigo.) 
 
 Afflatus, us, m. a blast; a breeze ; 
 a gale ; inspiration. 
 
 Africa, se, f. Africa; also apart 
 of the African continent, lying 
 east ofNumidia, and west of 
 Cyrene. 
 
 Africanus, i, m. the cognomen or 
 surname of two of the Scipios, 
 derived from their conquest of 
 Africa. 
 
 Africus, a, um, adj. belonging to 
 Africa; African. 
 
 Agamemnon, onis, m. a king 
 of Mycen/B, and the com- 
 mander-in-chief of the Gre- 
 cian forces at the siege of 
 Troy. 
 
 Agathyrsi, orum, m. pi. a bar- 
 barous tribe living near tlie 
 palus Maaotis. 
 
 Agellus, i, m. dim. (ager,) a 
 small farm. 
 
 Agenor, oris, m. a king of PJub- 
 nicia. 
 
 Agens, tis, part (ago.) 
 
 Ager, ri, m. a field; land; a 
 farm; an estate; ground; a 
 territory ; the country. 
 
 Agger, eris, m. a heap ; a pile ; I 
 
 a mound ; a bulwark ; a bank ; 
 a rampart ; a dam ; a mole. 
 
 Aggredior, edi, essus sum, dep 
 (ad & gradior, § 189, l,)togo 
 to ; to attack. 
 
 Aggressus, a, um, part having 
 attacked. 
 
 Agitator, oris, m. a driver ; from 
 
 Agito, are, avi, atum, freq. (ago,) 
 to drive; to agitate; to re- 
 volve. 
 
 Aglaus, i, m. a very poor Arca- 
 dian. 
 
 Agmen, mis, n. (ago,) a train; 
 a troop upon the march; a 
 band; an army. 
 
 Agnitus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Agnosco, agnoscere, agnovi, ag- 
 nltum, a. (ad & nosco,) to re- 
 cognize ; to know. 
 
 Agnus, i, m. a lamb. 
 
 Ago, agere, egi, actum, a. to con- 
 duct ; to drive; to lead; to 
 act ; to do ; to reside ; to live : 
 funus, to perform funeral 
 rites : annum centesimum, to 
 be spending, or to be in his 
 one hundredth year : bene, to 
 behave well: ago gratias, to 
 thank. 
 
 Agor, agi, actus sum, pass, to be 
 led : agltur, it is debated : res 
 de qua agltur, the point in 
 debate : pessum agi, to sink. 
 
 Agricola, se, m. (ager & colo, v 
 a husbandman ; a farmer. 
 
 Agricultura, 83, f. agriculture. 
 
 Agrigentum, i, n. a town upon 
 
 
142 
 
 AGRIPPA ALITER. 
 
 the southern coast of Sicily, 
 now Girgenti. 
 
 Agrippa, se, m. the name of sev- 
 eral distinguished Romans. 
 
 Ahenum, i, n. a kettle; a cal- 
 dron ; a brazen vessel. 
 
 Aio, ais, ait, def. verb, (§ 184, 4,) 
 I say. 
 
 Ajax, acis, m. the name of two 
 distinguished Grecian war- 
 riors at the siege of Troy. 
 
 Ala, se, f. a wing ; an arm-pit ; 
 an arm. 
 
 Alacer, acris, acre, adj. lively; 
 courageous; ready; fierce; 
 spirited. 
 
 Alba, ee, f. Alba Longa ; a city 
 of Latium, built by Ascanius. 
 
 Albanus, i, m. an inhabitant of 
 Alba. 
 
 Albanus, a, urn, adj. Alban : mons 
 Albanus, mount Albanus, at 
 the foot of which Alba Longa 
 was built, 16 miles from 
 Rome. 
 
 Albis, is, m. a large river of 
 Germany, now the Elbe. 
 
 Albula, 83, m. an ancient name 
 of the Tiber. 
 
 Albus, a, um, adj. white. 
 
 Alcestis, Idis, f. the daughter of 
 Pelias, and wife of Admetus. 
 
 Alcibiades, is, m. an eminent 
 Athenian, the pupil of Socrates. 
 
 Alcinous, i, m. a king of Phcea- 
 cia or Corcyra, whose gardens 
 were very celebrated. 
 
 Alcyone, es, f. the daughter of 
 
 JEolus, and wife of Ceyx : she 
 
 and her husband were changed 
 
 into sea birds, called Alcv- 
 
 ones, 
 Alcyon, is, m. kingfisher. 
 Alcyoneus, a,um, adj. halcyon. 
 Alexander, dri, m. surnamed the 
 
 Great, was the son of Philip, 
 
 king of Macedon. 
 Alexandria, 89, f. the capital of 
 
 Egypt ; founded by Alexan- 
 der the Great. 
 Algeo, algere, alsi, n. to be cold. 
 Alicunde, adv. (aliquis & unde,) 
 
 from some place. 
 Alienatus, a, um, part, alienated; 
 
 estranged. 
 Alieno, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 
 alienate ; to estrange. 
 Alienus, a, um, adj. foreign; 
 
 of or belonging to another; 
 
 another marts ; another* s. 
 Alio, adv. to another place ; else- 
 where. 
 Aliquandiu, adv. (aliquis & diu,) 
 
 for some time. 
 Aliquando, adv. once ; formerly ; 
 
 at some time; at length; 
 
 sometimes. 
 Aliquantum, n. adj. something; 
 
 somewhat ; a little. 
 Aliquis, aliqua, aliquod & allquid, 
 
 pro. (§ 138,) some ; some one ; 
 
 a certain one. 
 Aliquot, ind. adj. some. 
 Aliter, adv. otherwise. 
 Aliter — alitor, in one way — %n 
 
 another. 
 
ALIUS AMICUS. 
 
 143 
 
 Alius, a, ud, adj. § 107, R. 1 ; 
 another; other: alii — alii, 
 some — otters. 
 Allatus, a, urn, part, (affero,) 
 brought 
 
 Allectus, a, um, part, (allicio.) 
 
 Allevo, are, avi, atum, a. (ad & 
 levo,) to raise up; to allevi- 
 ate ; to lighten. 
 
 Allia, se, f. a small river of Italy, 
 flowing into the Tiber. 
 
 Allicio, -licere, -lexi, -lectum, 
 (ad & lacio,) a. to allure ; to 
 entice. 
 
 Alligatus, a, um, part bound; 
 confined; from 
 
 Alllgo, are, avi, atum, a. (ad & 
 ligo,) to bind to ; to fasten ; 
 to bind or tie. 
 
 Allociitus, a, um, part speaking, 
 or having spoken to ; from 
 
 Alloquor, -loqui, -locutus sum, 
 dep. (ad & loquor,) to speak 
 to ; to address ; to accost 
 
 Alluo, -luere, -lui, a. (ad & luo,) 
 to flow near ; to wash ; to lave. 
 
 Alo, alere, alui, alitum or altum, 
 a. to nourish ; to feed; to sup- 
 port ; to increase ; to main- 
 tain ; to strengthen. 
 
 Aloeus, i, m. a giant, son of Ti- 
 tan and Terra. 
 
 Alpes, ium, f. pi. the Alps. 
 
 Alpheus, i, m. a river of Pelo- 
 ponnesus. 
 
 Alplnus, a, um, adj. of or be- 
 longing to the Alps ; Alpine : 
 Alpini mures, marmots. 
 
 Alte, ius, isslme, adv. on high, 
 highly ; deeply ; low ; loudly. 
 
 Alter, era, erum, adj. § 107 ; the 
 one (of two) ; the other ; the 
 second. § 120, 1. 
 
 Alternus, a, um, adj. alternate ; 
 by turns. 
 
 Althaea, 83, f. the wife of (Eneus, 
 and mother of Meleager. 
 
 Altitudo, Tnis, f. height ; from 
 
 Altus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 high; lofty; deep; loud. 
 
 Alumnus, i, m. a pupil ; a foster- 
 son ; a fosterling. 
 
 Alveus, i, m. a channel. 
 
 Alvus, i, f. the belly. 
 
 Amans, tis, part and adj. (ior, 
 isslmus,) loving; fond of. 
 
 Amarus, a, um, adj. bitter. 
 
 Amatus, a, um, part, (amo.) 
 
 Amazon, onis; pi. Amazones, 
 um, f. Amazons, a nation of 
 female warriors, who original- 
 ly inhabited a part of Sarma- 
 tia, near the river Don, and 
 afterwards passed over into 
 Asia Minor. 
 
 Ambitio,6nis, f. (ambio,) ambition. 
 
 Ambitus, us, m. compass; ex- 
 tent; circuit; circumference; 
 an encompassing; an encir- 
 cling ; a coiling around. 
 
 Ambo, se, o, adj. pi. § 118, 1; 
 both; each. 
 
 Ambulo, are, avi, atum, n. to 
 walk. 
 
 Amicitia, se, f. friendship ; from 
 
 Amicus, a, um, adj. friendly. 
 
144 
 
 AMICUS ANGUIS. 
 
 Amicus, i, m. (amo,) a friend. 
 
 Amissus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Amitto, amittere, amisi, amis- 
 sum, a. (a & mitto,) to lose; 
 to relinquish. 
 
 Ammon, onis, m. a surname of 
 Jupiter, to whom, under this 
 name, a temple was erected in 
 the Lybian desert. 
 
 Amnis, is, d. § 63, 1 ; a river. 
 
 Amo, are, avi, atum, a. to love. 
 §155. 
 
 Amoenus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
 mus,) pleasant ; agreeable ; 
 delightful. 
 
 Amor, oris, m. (amo,) love. 
 
 Amphinomus, i, m. a Catanean, 
 distinguished for his f Hal af- 
 fection. 
 
 Amphion, onis, m. a son of Ju- 
 piter and Antiope, and the 
 husband of Niobe. He is 
 fabled to have built Thebes 
 by the sound of his lyre. 
 
 Ample, adv. (ius, issime,) amply ; 
 (amplus.) 
 
 Amplector, ecti, exus sum, dep. 
 (amb & plector, § 196, 11,) to 
 embrace. 
 
 Amplexus, a, um, part having 
 embraced ; embracing. 
 
 Amplio, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 enlarge. 
 
 Amplius, adv. (ample,) more. 
 
 Amplus, a,um, adj.(ior,issimus,) 
 great ; abundant ; large ; spa- 
 cious. 
 
 Amulius, i, m. the son of Silvius 
 
 Procas, and brother of JVu- 
 
 mitor. 
 Amy else, arum, f. pi. a town upon 
 
 the western coast of Italy, near 
 
 Fundi. 
 Amycus, i, m. a son of Neptune, 
 
 and king of Bebrycia. 
 An, adv. whether ; or. 
 Anacreon, tis, m. a celebrated 
 
 lyric poet of Teos in Ionia. 
 Anapus, i, m. a Catanean, the 
 
 brother of Amphinomus. 
 Anaxagoras, se, m. a philoso- 
 pher of Clazomene, a city of 
 
 Ionia. 
 Anceps, cipitis, adj. uncertain; 
 
 doubtful. 
 Anchlses, se, m. a Trojan, the 
 
 father of JEneas. 
 Anchora, or Ancora, aa, f. an 
 
 anchor. 
 Ancilla, 83, f. a female servant ; 
 
 a maid. 
 Ancus, i, m. (Martius,) the fourth 
 
 king of Rome. 
 Andriscus, i, m. a person of mean 
 
 birth, called also Pseudophi- 
 
 lippus, on account of his pre- 
 tending to be Philip, the son of 
 
 Per sis, king ofMacedon. 
 Andromeda, 83, f. the daughter 
 
 of Cepheus and Cassiope, and 
 
 wife of Perseus. 
 Ango, angere, anxi, a. to trouble ; 
 
 to disquiet ; to torment ; to 
 
 vex. 
 Anguis, is, c. a snake; a ser- 
 
 vent 
 
ANGULUS APELLES. 
 
 145 
 
 Angulus, i, m. a comer. 
 
 Angustise, arum, f. pi. narrow- 
 ness ; a narrow pass ; a de- 
 <Ue. 
 
 Angustus, a, um, adj. narrow; 
 limited ; straitened ; pinch- 
 ing. 
 
 Anmia, se, f. breath ; life ; the 
 soul. 
 
 Animadverto, -vertere, -verti, 
 -versum, a. (animus, ad, & 
 verto,) to attend; to observe; 
 to notice. 
 
 Animal, alis, n. (anlma,) an ani- 
 mal. 
 
 Animosus, a, um, adj. courage- 
 ous ; bold; undaunted; from 
 
 Animus, i, m. the mind; dispo- 
 sition ; spirit ; courage ; a 
 design: uno animo, unani- 
 mously: mi hi est animus, J 
 have a mind. 
 
 Anio, enis, m. a branch of the 
 Tiber, which enters it three 
 miles above Rome. It is now 
 called the T ever one. 
 
 Annecto, -nectere, -nexui, -nex- 
 um, a. (ad & necto,) to annex ; 
 to tie or fasten to. 
 
 Annulus, i, m. a ring. 
 
 Annumero, are, avi, atum, a. (ad 
 &. numero,) to number ; to 
 reckon ; to reckon among. 
 
 Annuo, -nuere, -nui, n. (ad & nuo, 
 to nod,) to assent ; to agree. 
 
 Annus, i, m. a year. 
 
 Annuus, a, um, adj. annual ; 
 yearly ; lasting a year. 
 
 Anser, eris, m. a goose. 
 
 Anserinus, a, um, adj. of or 6c- 
 longing to a goose : ova, 
 goose-eggs. 
 
 Ante, adv. before ; sooner. 
 
 Ante, prep, before. 
 
 Antea, adv. (ante & is,) before; 
 heretofore. 
 
 Antecello, -cellere, a. (ante & 
 cello,) to excel ; to surpass ; to 
 exceed ; to be superior to. 
 
 Antepono, -ponere, -posui, -pos- 
 Itum, a. (ante & pono,) to 
 prefer ; to set before. 
 
 Antepositus, a, um, part, (ante- 
 pono.) 
 
 Antequam, adv. before; before 
 that. 
 
 Antigonus, i, m. a king of Mace- 
 donia. 
 
 Antiochla, se, f. the capital of 
 Syria. 
 
 Antiochus, i, m. a king of Syria, 
 
 Antiope, es, f. the wife of Lycus, 
 king of Thebes, and the mother 
 of Jlmphion. 
 
 Antiquus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
 mus,) ancient ; old ; of long 
 continuance. 
 
 Antipater, tris, m. a Sidonian 
 poet. 
 
 Antium, i, n. a maritime town of 
 Italy. 
 
 Antonius, i, m. Antony, the name 
 of a Roman family. 
 
 Antrum, i, n. a cave. 
 
 Apelles, is, m. a celebrated paint- 
 er of the island of Cos. 
 
146 
 
 APENNINUS ARABS. 
 
 Apenninus, i, m. the Apennines. 
 
 Aper, ri, m. § 48 ; a boar ; a wild 
 boar. 
 
 Aperio, -perire, -perui, -pertum, 
 a. (ad & pario,) to open ; to 
 discover ; to disclose ; to make 
 known. 
 
 Apertus, a, um, part, (aperio.) 
 
 Apex, Icis, m. a point ; the top ; 
 the summit. 
 
 Apis, is, f. a bee. 
 
 Apis, is, m. an ox worshipped as 
 a deity among the Egyptians. 
 
 Apollo, inis, m. the son of Jupi- 
 ter and Latona, and the god 
 of music and poetry. 
 
 Apparatus, us, m. a preparation ; 
 apparatus ; equipment ; ha- 
 biliment. 
 
 Appareo, ere, ui, n. (ad & pareo,) 
 to appear ; to be manifest or 
 clear. 
 
 Appellandus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Appello, are, avi, atum, a. (ad & 
 pello,) to name or call ; to ad- 
 dress ; to call upon. 
 
 Appendo, -pendere, -pendi, -pen- 
 sum, a. (ad & pendo,) to hang 
 upon or to ; to weigh out ; to 
 pay. 
 
 Appetens, tis, part, seeking af- 
 ter ; from 
 
 Appeto, -petere, -petivi, -petitum, 
 a. (ad & peto,) to desire ; to 
 strive for ; to aim at ; to attack. 
 Appius, i, m. a Roman prae no- 
 men belonging to the Claudian 
 gens or tribe. 
 
 Appono, -ponere, -posui, -posi- 
 tum, a. (ad & pono,) to set 
 or place before ; to put to ; to 
 join. 
 
 Appositus, a, um, part, (appono.) 
 Appropinquo, are, avi, atum, n. 
 (ad & propinquo,) to approach; 
 to draw near. 
 
 Aprlcus, a, um, adj. sunny ; se- 
 rene; warm. 
 
 Apto, are, avi, atum, a. to Jit ; to 
 adjust. 
 
 Apud, prep, at ; in ; among ; be- 
 fore ; to : with the name of a 
 person, it signifies in his 
 house; with that of an au- 
 thor, it signifies in his writ- 
 ings. 
 
 Apulia, a?, f. a country in the 
 eastern part of Italy, near the 
 Adriatic. 
 
 Aqua, se, f. water. 
 
 Aquse ductus, us, m. (aqua & 
 duco,) an aqueduct; a con- 
 duit. 
 
 Aqulla, se, f. an eagle, 
 
 Aquilo, onis, m. the north wind. 
 
 Aquitania, se, f. a country of 
 Gaul. 
 
 Aquitani, orum, m. pi. the inhab- 
 itants of Aquitania. 
 
 Ara, ee, f. an altar. 
 
 Arabia, se, f. Arabia. 
 
 Arabicus, a, um, adj. Arabian 
 of or belonging to Arabia 
 Arabicus sinus, the Red sea. 
 
 Arabius, a, um, adj. Arabian. 
 
 Arabs, abis, m. an Arabian. 
 
ARB1TRATUS ARMENIA. 
 
 147 
 
 Arbitrates, a, um, part having 
 thought; from 
 
 Arbitror, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 believe ; to think. 
 
 Arbor, & Arbos, oris, f. a tree. 
 
 Area, se, f. a chest 
 
 Arcadia, se, f. Arcadia, a country 
 in the interior of the Pelo- 
 ponnesus. 
 
 Areas, adis, m. a son of Jupiter 
 and Calisto ; also, an Arca- 
 dian. 
 
 Arceo, ere, ui, a. to drive away ; 
 to ward off; to keep from; to 
 restrain. 
 
 Arcessitus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Arcesso, ere, ivi, itum, a. to send 
 for ; to invite ; to summon ; 
 to call. 
 
 Archimedes, is, m. a famous 
 mathematician and mechani- 
 cian of Syracuse. 
 
 Architectus, i, m. an architect; 
 a builder. 
 
 Archytas, se, m. a Pythagorean 
 philosopher of Tarentum. 
 
 Arete, adv. (ius, isslme,) straitly ; 
 closely; strictly; from 
 
 Arctus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 narrow ; close. 
 
 Arcus, us, m. a bow ; an arch. 
 
 Ardea, ae, f. a city of Latium, 
 the capital of the Rutuli. 
 
 Ardens, tis, part. & adj. burn- 
 ing ; hot ; from 
 
 Ardeo, ardere, arsi, arsum, n. to 
 burn ; to sparkle ; to be con- 
 sumed by fire. 
 13 
 
 Arduus, a, um, adj. high; lofty; 
 steep ; arduous ; difficult 
 
 Arena, 33, f. sand. 
 
 Arenosus, a, um, adj. sandy. 
 
 Arethusa, ee, f. the name of a 
 nymph of Elis, who was 
 changed into a fountain in 
 Sicily. 
 
 Argentum, i, n. silver. 
 
 Argias, 89, m. a chief of the Meg- 
 arensians. 
 
 Argivus, a, um, adj. of Argos ; 
 Argive. 
 
 Argivi, orum, m. pi. Argives ; 
 inhabitants of Argos. 
 
 Argonautae, arum, m. pi. the Ar- 
 gonauts ; the crew of the ship 
 Argo, who sailed with Jason 
 to Colchis. 
 
 Argos, i, n. sing., & Argi, orum, 
 m. pi. a city in Greece, the 
 capital of Argolis. 
 
 Arguo, uere, ui, utum, a. to show ; 
 to prove ; to convict. 
 
 x\riminum, i, n. a city of Italy, 
 on the coast of the Adriatic. 
 
 Aristobulus, i, m. a name of sev- 
 eral of the high priests and 
 kings of Judcea. 
 
 Aristoteles, is, m. Aristotle, a 
 Greek philosopher, born at 
 Stagira, a city of Macedonia. 
 
 Arma, orum, n. pi. § 96 ; arms. 
 
 Armatus, a, um, part armed : pi. 
 armati, orum, armed men; 
 soldiers. 
 
 Armenia, 83, f. (Major,) a coun- 
 try of Asia, lying between the 
 
148 
 
 ARMENIUS ASYLUM. 
 
 Taurus and the Caucasus. 
 
 Armenia (Minor,) a small 
 
 country, lying between Cap- 
 
 padocia and the Euphrates. 
 Armenius, a, um, adj. Armenian. 
 Armentum, i, n. a herd. 
 Armilla, se, f. a bracelet or ring 
 
 worn on the left arm by soldiers 
 
 who had been distinguished 
 
 in battle. 
 Armo, are, avi, aturn, a. to arm. 
 Aro, are. avi, aturn, a. to plough ; 
 
 to cover with the plough. 
 Arreptus, a, um, part, from 
 Arripio, -ripere, -ripui, -reptum, 
 
 a. (ad & rapio, § 189, 2,) to 
 
 seize upon. 
 Arrogo, are, avi, aturn, a. (ad & 
 
 rogo,) to arrogate ; to claim. 
 Ars, tis, f. art ; contrivance ; skill; 
 
 employment ; occupation pur- 
 suit. 
 Arsi. See Ardeo. 
 Artemisia, se, f. the wife of Mau- 
 
 solus, king of CaHa. 
 Artifex, Icis, c. (ars & facio,) an 
 
 artist. 
 Arundo, inis, f. a reed ; a cane. 
 Aruns, tis, m. the eldest son of 
 
 Tarquin the Proud. 
 Arx, cis, f. a citadel ; a fortress. 
 Ascanius, i, m. the son of Mneas 
 
 and Creiisa. 
 Ascendo. See Adscendo. 
 Asia, se, f. Asia ; Asia Minor ; 
 
 also, proconsular Asia, or the 
 
 Roman province. 
 Asiattcus, i, m. an agnomen or J 
 
 surname ofL. Cornelius Scip- 
 io, on account of his victories 
 in Asia. 
 
 Aslna, se, m. a cognomen or sur- 
 name of a part of the Corne- 
 lian family. 
 
 Asinus, i, m. an ass. 
 
 Aspecturus, a, um, part, (aspicio.) 
 
 Asper, era, erum, adj. rough; 
 rugged. 
 
 Aspergo. See Adspergo. 
 
 As- or ad- spernor, ari, atus 
 sum, dep. to spurn; to de- 
 spise ; to reject. 
 
 Aspicio. See Adspicio. 
 
 Aspis, Idis, f. an asp. 
 
 Assecutus, a, um, part, from 
 
 As- or ad- sequor, -sequi, -secu- 
 tus sum, dep. (ad & sequor,) to 
 obtain ; to overtake. 
 
 As- or ad- servo, are, avi, aturn, 
 a. (ad & servo,) to preserve ; 
 to keep. 
 
 As- or ad- signo, are, avi, atum, 
 a. (ad & signo,) to assign; 
 to appoint; to allot; to dis- 
 tribute. 
 
 Assisto. See Adsisto. 
 
 Assuesco,-suescere, -suevi, -sue- 
 tum, inc. to be accustomed ; to 
 be wont. 
 
 Assurgo, -surgere, -surrexi, -sur- 
 rectum, n. (ad & surgo,) to 
 rise ; to aHse. 
 
 Astronomia, se, f. astronomy. 
 
 Astutus, a, um, adj. (ior, issl- 
 mus,) cunning; crafty. 
 
 Asylum, i, n. an asylum 
 
AT AURIGA. 
 
 149 
 
 At, conj. § 198, 4 ; but. 
 Atalanta, ae, f. the daughter of 
 
 Sch&neus, king of Arcadia, 
 Athenae, arum, f. pi. Athens, the 
 
 capital of Attica. 
 Atheniensis, is, m. an Athenian ; 
 
 an inhabitant of Athens. 
 Atilius, i, m. a Roman proper 
 
 name. 
 Atlanticus, a, um, adj. Atlantic ; 
 
 relating to Atlas : mare At- 
 
 lantlcum, the Atlantic ocean. 
 Atque, conj. and. 
 Atrociter, adv. (ius, issime,) 
 
 (atrox,) fiercely; violently; 
 
 severely. 
 Attalus,i, m. a king ofPergdmus. 
 Attero, -terere, -trivi, -tritum, a. 
 
 (ad & tero,) to rub off; to 
 
 wear. 
 Atthis, idis, f. the same as At- 
 tica. 
 Attica, ae, f. Attica, a country in 
 
 the southern part of Greece 
 
 proper. 
 Attingo, -tingere, -ftgi, -tactum, 
 
 a. (ad & tango,) to touch; to 
 
 border upon; to attain; to 
 
 reach. 
 Attollo, ere, a. (ad & tollo,) to 
 
 raise up. 
 Attritus, a, um, part, (attero,) 
 
 rubbed away ; worn off. 
 Auctor, oris, c. (augeo,) an author. 
 Auctoritas, atis, f. authority ; in- 
 fluence ; reputation. 
 Auctus, a, um, part, (augeo,) in- 
 creased ; enlarged ; augmented. ( 
 
 Audacia, ae, f. audacity; bold' 
 ness ; from 
 
 Audax, acis, adj. bold; daring ; 
 audacious; desperate. 
 
 Audeo, audere, ausus sum, neut 
 pass, to dare. § 142, R. 2. 
 
 Audio, ire, ivi, itum, a. to hear. 
 
 Auditus, a, um, part. 
 
 Auditus, us, m. the hearing. 
 
 Aufero, auferre, abstuli, abla- 
 tum, irr. a. (ab & fero,) to 
 take away ; to remove. 
 
 Aufugio, -fugere, -fugi, -fugitum, 
 n. (ab & fugio, § 196, 1,) to 
 fly away ; to run off; to es- 
 cape ; to flee. 
 
 Augendus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Augeo, augere, auxi, auctum, a. 
 to increase ; to augment ; to 
 enlarge ; to rise. 
 
 Augurium, i, n. augury ; divina- 
 tion. 
 
 Auguste, adv. nobly ; from 
 
 Augustus, a, um, adj. august; 
 grand; venerable. 
 
 Augustus, i, m. an honorary ap- 
 pellation bestowed by the sen- 
 ate upon Ccesar Octavianus ; 
 and succeeding emperors took 
 the same name. 
 
 Aulis, idis, f. a seaport town in 
 Bceotia. 
 
 Aulus, i, m. a common praenomen 
 among the Romans. 
 
 Aurelius, i, m. the name of seve- 
 ral Romans. 
 
 Aureus,a,um,adj.( aurum, )golderu 
 
 Auriga, 83, m. a charioteer" 
 
150 
 
 AT7R1S BjETIS. 
 
 Auris, is, f. the ear. 
 
 Aurum, i, n. gold. 
 
 Auspicium, i, n. an auspice; a 
 
 species of divination, from 
 
 the flight, fyc. ofhirds. 
 Ausus, a, um, part, (audeo,) dar- 
 ing ; having dared. 
 Aut, conj. § 198, 2 ; or; aut — aut, 
 
 either — or. 
 Autem, conj. § 198, 4 ; but ; yet. 
 Autumnus, i, m. autumn. 
 Auxi. See Augeo. 
 Auxilium, i, n.help; aid; as- 
 
 sistance. 
 Avaritia, se, f. avarice ; from 
 A varus, a, um, adj. avaricious; 
 
 covetous. 
 Aveho, -vehere, -vexi, -vectum, 
 
 a. (a & veho,) to carry off or 
 
 away. 
 Avello, -vellere, -velli or -vulsi, 
 
 -vulsum, a. (a & vello,) to 
 
 carry away ; to pull away. 
 Aventinus, i, m. mount Aventine, 
 
 one of the seven hills on which 
 
 Rome was built. 
 Aversus, a, um, part, turned 
 
 away : cicatrix aversa, a scar 
 
 in the back : from 
 Averto, -vertere, -verti, -ver- 
 
 sum, a. (a &. verto,) to avert ; 
 
 to turn ; to turn away. 
 Avicula, se, f. dim. (avis,) a small 
 
 bird. 
 Avidus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
 
 ravenous ; greedy ; eager. 
 Avis, is, f. a bird. 
 Avoco, are, avi, atum, a. (a & 
 
 voco,) to call away, to divert^ 
 to withdraw. 
 
 Avolaturus, a, um, part, from 
 Avolo, are, avi, atum, n. (a &■ 
 
 volo,) to fly away or off 
 Avulsus, part, (avello.) 
 Avunculus, i, m. an uncle. 
 Avus, i, m. a grandfather. 
 Axenus, i, m. (from the Greek 
 "A^svog, inhospitable ;) the 
 Euxine sea; anciently so 
 called, on account of the cru- 
 elty of the neighboring tribes. 
 
 B. 
 
 Babylon, onis, f. the metropolis 
 of Chaldea, lying upon the 
 Euphrates. 
 
 Babylonia, sb, f. the country about 
 Babylon. 
 
 Bacca, sb, f. a berry. 
 
 Bacchus, i, m. the son of Jupiter 
 and Semele, and the god of 
 wine. 
 
 Bactra, orum, n. the capital of 
 Bactridna, situated upon the 
 sources of the Oxus. 
 
 Bactriani, orum, m. pi. the in- 
 habitants of Bactridna. 
 
 Bactrianus, a, um, adj. Bactrian, 
 pertaining to Bactra or Bac- 
 tridna. 
 
 Baculum, i, n. a staff. 
 
 Bsetlca, se, f. a country in the 
 southern part of Spain, water 
 ed by the river Bcetis. 
 
 Bsetis, is, m. a river in the south* 
 
B AGRADA BLANDUS . 
 
 151 
 
 ero part of Spain, now the 
 Guadalquivir. 
 
 Bagrada, se, m. a river of Africa, 
 between Utica and Carthage. 
 
 Ballista, se, f. an engine for 
 throwing stones. 
 
 Baltlcus, a, urn, adj. Baltic : 
 mare Baltlcum, the Baltic sea. 
 
 Barbaras, a, um, adj. barbarous; 
 rude; uncivilized; savage: 
 subs, barbari, barbarians. 
 
 Batavus, a, um, adj. Batavian; 
 belonging to Batavia, now 
 Holland. 
 
 Beatitudo, inis, f. blessedness; 
 happiness ; from 
 
 Beatus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 happy ; blessed. 
 
 Bebrycia, ae, f. a country of 
 Asia. 
 
 Belga?, arum, m. pi. the inhabit- 
 ants of the north-east part of 
 Gaul ; the Belgians. 
 
 Belglcus, a, um, adj. of or per- 
 taining to the Belgce. 
 
 Bellerophon, tis, m. the son of 
 Glaucus, king of Ephjjra. 
 
 Bellicosus, a, um, adj. (ior, issl- 
 mus, bellurn, § 128, 4,) war- 
 like. 
 
 Belllcus, a, um, adj. (bellurn, 
 § 128, 2 5 ) warlike. 
 
 Belligero, are, avi, atum, n. (bel- 
 lurn & gero,) to wage war; 
 to carry on war. 
 
 Bello, are, avi, atum, n. to war ; 
 to wage war ; to contend ; to 
 
 fete 
 
 13* 
 
 Bellua, a?, f. a beast ; a brute. 
 
 Bellum, i. n. war. 
 
 Belus, i, m, the founder of the 
 Babylonish empire. 
 
 Bene, adv. (comp. melius, sup. 
 optime,) well; finely; very: 
 bene pugnare, to fight suc- 
 cessfully. 
 
 Beneficium, i, n. (bene & facio,) 
 a benefit ; a kindness. 
 
 Benevolentia, se, f. (bene & 
 volo,) benevolence ; good will. 
 
 Benigne, adv. kindly ; from 
 
 Benignus, a, um, adj. kind; be 
 nign. 
 
 Bestia, ae, f. a beast. 
 
 Bestia, se, m. the surname of a 
 Roman consul. 
 
 Bias, antis, m. a philosopher born 
 at Priene, and one of the 
 seven wise men of Greece. 
 
 Bibliotheca, se, f. a library. 
 
 Bibo, bibere, bibi, bibltum, a. to 
 drink ; to imbibe. 
 
 Bibulus, i, m. a colleague of Ju- 
 lius Ccesar in the consulship. 
 
 Bini, se, a, num. adj. § 119 ; two 
 by two ; two. 
 
 Bipes, edis, adj. (bis & pes,) two- 
 footed. 
 
 Bis, num. adv. twice. 
 
 Bithynia, se, f. a country of 
 Asia Minor, east of the Pro- 
 pontis. 
 
 Blanditia, se, f. a compliment : 
 blanditise, pi. blandishments ; 
 caresses ; flattery : from 
 
 Blandus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 
152 
 
 BCEOTIA BYZANTIUM. 
 
 flattering; enticing ; inviting ; 
 tempting. 
 
 Bceotia, ee, f. a country of Greece, 
 north of Attica. 
 
 Bonitas, atis, f. goodness ; excel- 
 lence; from 
 
 Bonus, a, um, adj. (melior, op- 
 tlmus, ) good; happy; kind. 
 
 Bonum, i, n. a good thing ; an 
 endowment; an advantage; 
 profit : bona, n. pi. an estate ; 
 goods. 
 
 Borealis, e, adj. northern ; from 
 
 Boreas, se, m. the north wind. 
 
 Borysthenes, se, m. a large river 
 of Scythia, flowing into the 
 Euxine ; it is now called the 
 Dneiper. 
 
 Borysthenis, idis, f. the name of 
 a town at the mouth of the 
 Borysthenes. 
 
 Bos, bovis, c. an ox; a cow. 
 §§ 83, R. 1, & 84, E. 1. 
 
 Bosphorus, or Bosporus, i, m. the 
 name of two straits between 
 Europe and Asia; one, the 
 Bosphorus Thracius, Thra- 
 cian Bosphorus, now the 
 straits of Constantinople ; 
 the other, the Bosphorus Cim- 
 merius, the Cimmerian Bos- 
 phorus, now the straits of 
 Caffa. 
 
 Brachium, i, n. the arm. 
 
 Brevi, adv. shortly; briefly; in 
 a short time ; from 
 
 Brevis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) short; 
 brief. 
 
 Brevitas, atis, f. shortness ; brev- 
 ity. 
 
 Brigantinus, a, um, adj. belong- 
 ing to Brigantium, a town 
 of the Vindelici: Brigantinus 
 lacus, the lake of Constance. 
 
 Britannia, 33, f. Great Britain. 
 
 Britannicus, a, um, adj. belong- 
 ing to Bmtain ; British : oce- 
 anus Britannicus, and mare 
 Britannicum, the North sea, 
 including apart of the Baltic. 
 
 Britannus, a, um, adj. British: 
 Britanni, the Britons. 
 
 Bruma, ae, f. the winter solstice ; 
 the shortest day. 
 
 Bruttium, i, n. a promontory of 
 Italy. 
 
 Bruttii, orum, m. pi. a people 
 in the southern part of Italy. 
 
 Brutus, i, m. the name of an il- 
 lustrious Roman family. 
 
 Bucephalus, i, m. the name of 
 Alexander's war-horse. 
 
 Bucephalos, i, f. a city of India, 
 near the Hydaspes, built by 
 Alexander, in memory of his 
 horse. 
 
 Buxeus, a, um, adj. of box ; of a 
 pale yellow color, like box- 
 wood. 
 
 Byzantium, i, n. now Constanti- 
 nople, a city of Thrace, situa 
 ted upon the Bosphorus, 
 
C. CANDIDUS. 
 
 153 
 
 C. 
 
 C, an abbreviation of Caius. 
 Cabira, ind. a town of Pontics. 
 Cacamen, mis, n. the top; the 
 
 peak ; the summit. 
 Cadens, tis, part, (cado.) 
 Cadmus, i, m. a son of Agenor, 
 
 king of Phoenicia. 
 Cado, cadere, cecidi, casum, n. 
 
 to fall. 
 Csecilius, i, m. the name of several 
 
 Romans. 
 Ceecubum, i, n. a town of Cam- 
 pania, famous for its wine. 
 Ceecubus, a, um, adj. Cacuban; 
 
 of Ccecubum. 
 Ceedes, is, f. slaughter ; carnage ; 
 
 homicide ; murder ; from 
 Cssdo, csedere, cecidi, csesum, a. 
 
 to cut ; to kill ; to slay ; to 
 
 beat. 
 Ceelatus, a, um, part, from 
 Cselo, are, avi, atum, a. to carve ; 
 
 to engrave; to sculpture; to 
 
 emboss. 
 Csepe, or Cepe, n. indec. an 
 
 onion. 
 C«pio, onis, m. a Roman consul 
 
 who commanded in Spain. 
 Caesar, aris, m. a cognomen or 
 
 surname given to the Julian 
 
 family. 
 Csestus, us, m. a gauntlet; a 
 
 boxing glove. 
 Caesus, a, um, part, (csedo,) cut ; 
 
 slain; beaten 
 
 Caius, i, m. a Roman praenomen. 
 Calais, is, m. a son of Boreas. 
 Calamltas, atis, f. a calamity ; a 
 
 misfortune; from 
 Calamus, i, m. a reed. 
 Calathiscus, i, m. a small basket. 
 Calefacio, calefacere, calefeci, 
 
 calefactum, a. (caleo & fa- 
 
 cio,) to warm. 
 Calefio, fieri, factus sum, irr. 
 
 § 180, N. ; to be warmed. 
 Calefactus, a, um, part, (calefio,) 
 
 warmed. 
 Calldus, a, um, adj. warm. 
 Callldus, a, um, adj. cunning ; 
 
 shrewd. 
 Calor, oris, m. warmth ; heat. 
 Calpe, es, f. a hill or mountain in 
 
 Spain, opposite to Abyla in 
 
 Africa, 
 Calpurnius, i, m. the name of a 
 
 Roman family. 
 Calydonius, a, um, adj. of or be- 
 
 longing to Calydon, a city of 
 
 JEtolia ; Calydonian. 
 Camelus, i, c. a camel. 
 Camillus, i, m. (M. Furius,) a 
 
 Roman general. 
 Campania, ee, f. a pleasant coun- 
 try of Italy, between Latium 
 
 and Lucania. 
 Campester, tris, tre, adj. even 
 
 plain ; level ; champaign ; 
 flat. 
 Campus, i, m. a plain ; a field 
 
 the Campus Martius. 
 Cancer, cri, m. a crab. 
 Candldus, a, um, adj. white 
 
154 
 
 CANDOR CARPETANI. 
 
 Candor, oris, m. brightness; 
 
 whiteness; clearness. 
 Canens, tis, part, singing. 
 Canis, is, c. a dog. 
 Cannae, arum, f. pi. a village in 
 
 •Apulia, famous for the defeat 
 
 of the Romans by Hannibal. 
 Cannensis, e, adj. belonging to 
 
 Canna. 
 Cano, canere, cecini, cantum, a. 
 
 to sing ; to sound or play upon 
 
 an instrument 
 Can tans, tis, part, (canto.) 
 Cantharus, i, m. a beetle ; a knot 
 
 under the tongue of the god 
 
 •Apis. 
 Cantium, i, n. now the county of 
 
 Kent, on the eastern coast of 
 
 England. 
 Canto, are, avi, atum, freq. 
 
 (cano,) to sing; to repeat 
 
 often. 
 Cantus, us, m. singing ; a song : 
 
 cantus galli, the crowing of 
 
 the cock. 
 Capesso, ere, Ivi, itum, a. (capio,) 
 
 § 187, II. 5 ; to take ; to take 
 
 the management of: fugam 
 
 capessere, to flee. 
 Capiendus, a, um, part, (capio.) 
 Capiens, tis, part, from 
 Capio, capere, cepi, captum, a. 
 
 to take ; to capture ; to take 
 
 captive ; to enjoy ; to derive. 
 Capitalis, e, adj. (caput,) capital; 
 
 mortal ; deadly ; pernicious : 
 
 capitale, (sc. crimen,) a capi- 
 tal crime. 
 
 Capitolium, i, n. the capitol ; the 
 
 Roman citadel on the Capito- 
 
 line hill. 
 Capra, se, f. a she-goat. 
 Captivus, a, um, adj. captive. 
 Capto, are, avi, atum, freq. § 187, 
 
 II. 1, (capio,) to catch at; to 
 
 seek for ; to hunt for. 
 Captus, a, um, part, (capio,) 
 
 taken ; taken captive. 
 Capua, se, f. the principal city of 
 
 Campania. 
 Caput, itis, n. a head ; life ; the 
 
 skull ; a capital city : capitis 
 
 damnare, to condemn to death. 
 Carbonarius, i, m. (carbo, a coal;) 
 
 a collier ; a maker of char- 
 
 coal. 
 Career, eris, m. a prison. 
 Careo, ere, ui, itum, n. to be 
 
 without ; to be free from ; to 
 
 be destitute ; not to have ; to 
 
 want. 
 Cares, ium, m. pi. Carians ; the 
 
 inhabitants of Caria. 
 Caria, se, f. a country in the south- 
 eastern part of Asia Minor. 
 Carica, se, f. a fig. 
 Carmen, Inis, n. a song ; a poem. 
 Carneades, is, m. a philosopher 
 
 of Cyrene, distinguished for 
 
 his acuteness. 
 Caro, carnis, f. flesh. 
 Carp en turn, i, n. a chariot; a 
 
 wagon. 
 Carpetani, orum, m. pi. a people 
 
 of Spain, on the borders of the 
 
 Tagus 
 
 
CARPO CAUSA. 
 
 15b 
 
 Carpo, carpere, carpsi, carptum, 
 a. to pluck ; to tear. 
 
 Came, arum, f. pi. a city of Mes- 
 opotamia, near the Euphrates. 
 
 Carthaginiensis, e, adj. of or 
 belonging to Carthage ; Car- 
 thaginian: subs, a Cartha- 
 ginian. 
 
 Carthago, lnis, f. Carthage, a 
 maritime city in Africa : Car- 
 thago Nova, Carthagena, a 
 toxon of Spain. 
 
 Carus, a, urn, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 dear. 
 
 Casa, se, f. a cottage ; a hut. 
 
 Case a, se, m. the cognomen or 
 surname of P. Servilius, one 
 of the conspirators against 
 CcBsar. 
 
 Caseus, i, m. cheese. 
 
 Cassander, dri, m. the name of a 
 Macedonian. 
 
 Cassiope, es, f. the wife of Ce- 
 pheus, king of Ethiopia, and 
 mother of Andromeda. 
 
 Cassius, i, m. the name of several 
 Romans. 
 
 Castalius, a, um, adj. Castalian; 
 of Castalia, a fountain of 
 Phocis, at the foot of mount 
 Parnassus. 
 
 Castigatus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Castigo, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 chastise; to punish. 
 
 Castrum, i, n. a castle : castra, 
 orUm, pi. a camp : castra pon- 
 ere, to pitch a camp ; to en- 
 camp. 
 
 Casus, us, m. accident ; chance ; 
 an event ; a misfortune ; a 
 disaster ; a calamity. 
 
 Catabathmus, i, m. a declivity ; a 
 gradual descent ; a valley be- 
 tween Egypt and Africa 
 proper. 
 
 Catana, se, f. now Catania, a city 
 of Sicily, near to mount Et- 
 na. 
 
 Catanensis, e, adj. belonging to 
 Catana; Catanean. 
 
 Catienus, i, m. Catienus Ploti- 
 nus, a Roman who was greatly 
 distinguished for his attach- 
 ment to his patron. 
 
 CatiHna, se, m. a conspirator 
 against the Roman govern- 
 ment, whose plot was detected 
 and defeated by Cicero. 
 
 Cato, onis, m. the name of a 
 Roman family. 
 
 Catulus, i, m. the name of a 
 Roman family of the buta- 
 tian tribe. 
 
 Catulus, i, m. the young of beasts ; 
 a whelp. 
 
 Caucasus, i, m. a mountain of 
 Asia, between the Black and 
 Caspian seas. 
 
 Cauda, se, f. a tail. 
 
 Caudinus, a, um, adj. Caudine ; 
 of or belonging to Caudium % 
 a town of Italy. 
 
 Caula, se, f. a fold. 
 
 Causa, se, f. a cause ; a reason : 
 a lawsuit: in causa est, or 
 causa est, is the reason : ali- 
 
156 
 
 CAUTES CERCASORUM. 
 
 cujus rei causa, for the pur- 
 pose, or for the sake of a 
 thing. 
 
 Cautes, is, f. a rock ; a crag ; a 
 cliff. 
 
 Caveo, cavere, cavi, cautum, n. 
 &. a. to beware ; to avoid ; to 
 shun : cavere sibi ab aliquo, 
 to secure themselves ; to guard 
 against 
 
 Caverna, ae, f. a cave ; a cavern, 
 
 Cavus, a, um, adj. hollow. 
 
 Cecidi. See Caedo. 
 
 Cecldi. See Cado. 
 
 Ceclni. See Cano. 
 
 Cecropia, ae, f. an ancient name 
 of Athens; from 
 
 Cecrops, opis, m. the first king 
 of Athens. 
 
 Cedo, cedere, cessi, cessum, n. 
 to yield; to give place; to 
 retire ; to retreat ; to submit. 
 
 Celeber, bris, bre, adj. (rior, er- 
 rlmus,) crowded; much visited; 
 renowned; famous; distin- 
 guished. 
 
 Celebratus, a, um,part (celebro.) 
 
 Celebritas, atis, f. (celeber,) 
 fame ; glory ; celebrity ; re- 
 nown. 
 
 Celebro, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 visit; to celebrate; to make 
 famous; to perform. 
 
 Celeritas, atis, f. (celer, swift,) 
 speed; swiftness; quickness. 
 
 Celeriter, adv. (ius, rime,) swift- 
 ly. 
 
 Celeus, i, m. a king ofEleusis. 
 
 Celo, are, avi, atum, a. to hide ; 
 
 to conceal. 
 Celtae, arum, m. pi. the Celts, a 
 
 people of Gaul. 
 Censeo, ere, ui, um, a. to judge ; 
 
 to believe ; to count ; to reckon. 
 Censor, is, m. a censor ; a cen- 
 
 surer; a fault-finder ; a critic. 
 Censorinus, i, m. (L. Manlius,) 
 
 a Roman consul in the third 
 
 Punic war. 
 Censorius, i, m. one who has been 
 
 a censor ; a surname of Cato 
 
 the elder. 
 Census, us, m. a census ; an 
 
 enumeration of the people ; a 
 
 registering of the people, their 
 
 ages, fyc. 
 Centeni, ae, a, num. adj. pi. every 
 
 hundred ; a hundred. 
 Centeslmus, a, um, num. adj. the 
 
 hundredth. 
 Centies, num. adv. a hundred 
 
 times. 
 Centum, num. adj. pi. ind. a hun- 
 dred. 
 Centurio, onis, m. a centurion; 
 
 a captain of a hundred men. 
 Cephallenia, ae, f. an island in 
 
 the Ionian sea, now Cefalo- 
 Cepe, see Caepe. \nia. 
 
 Cepi. See Capio. 
 Cera, ae, f. wax. 
 Cerberus, i, m. the name of the 
 
 three-headed dog which guard- 
 ed the entrance of the infernal 
 
 regions. 
 Cercasorum, i, n. a town of Egypt. 
 
CERES CIRCA 
 
 157 
 
 Ceres, eris, f. Ceres, the goddess 
 
 of corn. 
 Cerno, cernere, a. § 172 ; to see ; 
 
 to perceive. 
 Certamen, inis, n. (certo,) a con- 
 test ; a battle ; zeal ; eagerness ; 
 
 strife ; contention ; debate ; a 
 
 game or exercise : Olympicum 
 
 certamen, the Olympic games. 
 Certe, adv. (ius, isslme,) (certus,) 
 
 certainly. 
 Certo, are, avi, atum, a. & n. 
 
 to contend ; to strive ; to fight. 
 Certus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 
 certain ; fixed. 
 Cerva, ae, f. a female deer ; a 
 
 hind. 
 Cervinus, a, um, adj. belonging 
 
 to a stag or deer. 
 Cervix, Icis, f. the neck; an 
 
 isthmus. 
 Cervus, i, m. a male deer; a 
 
 stag. 
 Cessator, is, m. a loiterer; a 
 
 lingerer ; an idler. 
 Cesso, are, avi, atum, n. to cease ; 
 
 to loiter. 
 Ceterus, cetera, ceterum, adj. 
 
 (§ 105, N.) other ; the other; 
 
 the rest. 
 Ceterum, adv. but ; however ; as 
 
 for the rest. 
 Cetus, i, m. a whale. 
 Ceyx, ycis, m. the son of Hes- 
 
 pej-us, and husband of Alcyone. 
 Chalcedon, onis, f. a city of 
 
 Bithynia, opposite to Byzan- 
 tium. 
 
 Chaldatcus, a, um, adj. (Chal- 
 dsea,) Chaldean. 
 
 Charta, ae, f. paper. 
 
 Cherslphron, onis, m. a distin- 
 guished architect, under whose 
 direction the temple at Ephe- 
 sus ivas built. 
 
 Chersonesus, i, f. a peninsula. 
 
 Chilo, onis, m. a Lacedcemonian 
 philosopher, and one of the 
 seven wise men of Greece. 
 
 Christus, i, m. Christ. 
 
 Cibus, i, m.food ; nourishment. 
 
 Cicatrix, icis, f. a wound; a 
 scar; a cicatrice. 
 
 Cicero, onis, m. a celebrated Ro- 
 man orator. 
 
 Ciconia, se, f. a stork. 
 
 Cilicia, ae, f. a country in the 
 southeastern part of Asia 
 Minor. 
 
 Cimbri, orum, m. pi. a nation 
 formerly inhabiting the north- 
 ern part of Germany. 
 
 Cinctus, a, um, part, (cingo.) 
 
 Cineas, ae, m. a Thessalian, the 
 favorite minister of Pyrrhus. 
 
 Cingo, cingere, cinxi, cinctum, 
 a. to surround ; to encompass ; 
 to encircle ; to gird. 
 
 Cinis, eris, d. ashes ; cinders. 
 
 Cinn^, se, m. (L. Cornelius,) a 
 consul at Rome, in the time 
 of the civil war. 
 
 Cinnamum, i, n. cinnamon. 
 
 Circa, & Circum, pr. & adv. 
 about ; around ; in tlie neigh' 
 borhood of 
 
158 
 
 CIRCUITUS CLAUSUS. 
 
 CircuTtus, us, m. a circuit; a 
 circumference. 
 
 Circumdatus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Circumdo, dare, dedi, datum, a. 
 (circum & do,) to surround ; 
 to put around; to environ; to 
 invest 
 
 Circumeo, ire, ii, ttum, irr. n. 
 (circum & eo, § 182, 3,) to 
 go round ; to visit 
 
 Circumfluo, -fluere, -fluxi, -flux- 
 um, n. (circum & fluo,) to 
 flow round. 
 
 Circumiens, euntis, part, (cir- 
 cumeo.) 
 
 Circumjaceo, ere, ui, n. (circum 
 & jaceo,) to lie around; to 
 border upon. 
 
 Circumsto, stare, steti, n. (cir- 
 cum & sto,) to stand round. 
 
 Circumvenio, -venire, -veni, 
 -ventum, a. (circum & venio,) 
 to surround; to circumvent. 
 
 Circumventus, a, um, part. 
 
 Ciris, is, f. the name of the fish 
 into which Scylla was changed. 
 
 Cisalpinus, a, um, adj. (cis & 
 Alpes,) Cisalpine ; on this 
 side of the Alps ; that is, on 
 the side nearest to Rome. 
 
 Cithseron, onis, m. a mountain 
 of Ba>otia, near Thebes, sa- 
 cred to Bacchus. 
 
 Cito, adv. (ius, isslme,) quickly ; 
 from 
 
 Citus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 quick. 
 
 Citra, pr. & adv. on this side. 
 
 Civicus, a, um, adj. (civis,) civic : 
 corona civica, a civic crown, 
 given to him who had saved 
 the life of a citizen by killing 
 an enemy. 
 
 Civilis, e, adj. of ox belonging to 
 a citizen ; civil. 
 
 Civis, is, c. a citizen. 
 
 Civitas, atis, f. a city; a state; 
 the inhabitants of a city ; the 
 body of citizens; a constitu- 
 tion ; citizenship ; freedom of 
 the city. 
 
 Clades, is, f. an overthrow ; dis- 
 comfiture ; defeat ; disaster ; 
 slaughter. 
 
 Clam, pr. without the knowledge 
 of : — adv. privately ; secretly. 
 
 Clamo, are, avi, atum, a. to cry 
 out ; to call on. 
 
 Clamor, oris, m. a clamor; a 
 cry. 
 
 Clandestinus, a, um, adj. (clam,j 
 secret ; clandestine. 
 
 Clarltas, atis, f. celebrity ; fame ; 
 from 
 
 Clams, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
 clear ; famous ; renowned ; 
 celebrated; loud. 
 
 Classis, is, f. a fleet 
 
 Claudius, i, m. the name of sev- 
 eral Romans, belonging to the 
 tribe hence called Claudian. 
 
 Claudo, claudere, clausi, clau- 
 sum, a. to close ; to shut. 
 
 Claud us, a, um, adj. lame. 
 
 Clausus, a, um, part. (claudo,> 
 shut up. 
 
CLAVUS COLLEGA. 
 
 159 
 
 Clavus, i, m. a nail ; a spike. 
 
 Clemens, tis, adj. merciful. 
 
 Clementia, ee, f. clemency ; mild- 
 ness. 
 
 Cleopatra, ae, f. an Egyptian 
 queen, celebrated for her beau- 
 ty. 
 
 Cloaca, ae, f. a drain ; a common 
 sewer. 
 
 Cluentius, i, m. the name of sev- 
 eral Romans. 
 
 Clusium, 1, n. a city of Etruria. 
 
 Clypeus, i, m. a shield; a buck- 
 ler. 
 
 Cn., an abbreviation of 
 
 Cneius, 1, m. a Roman praeno- 
 men. 
 
 Coactus, a, um, part, (cogo,) col- 
 lected; assembled ; compelled. 
 
 Coccyx, ygis, m. a cuckoo. 
 
 Codes, Ttis, m. a Roman, dis- 
 tinguished for his bravery. 
 
 Coctilis, e, adj. (coquo, § 129, 4,) 
 dried; burnt; baked. 
 
 Coctus, a, um, part (coquo,) 
 baked; burnt; boiled. 
 
 Ccelum, i, n. sing. m. pi. § 92, 4 ; 
 heaven ; the climate ; the sky ; 
 the air ; the atmosphere. 
 
 Ccena, ae, f. a supper. 
 
 Ccepi, isse, def. § 183, 1 ; I begin, 
 or I began. 
 
 Cceptus, a, um, part, begun. 
 
 Coerceo, ere, ui, ftum, a. (con & 
 arceo,) to check ; to restrain ; 
 to vontrol. 
 
 Cogitatio, onis, f. (coglto,) a 
 thought ; a reflection. 
 14 
 
 Cogitatum, i, n. a thought 
 Cogito, are, avi, atum, a. to think ; 
 
 to consider ; to meditate. 
 Cognitus, a, um, part, (cognosco.) 
 Cognomen, inis, n. a surname; 
 
 from 
 Cognosco, -noscere, -novi, -ni- 
 
 tum,a. (con & nosco,)fo know ; 
 
 to learn : de causa, to try or 
 
 decide a suit at law. 
 Cogo, cogere, coegi, coactum, a. 
 
 (con & ago,) to drive ; to 
 
 compel ; to force ; to urge ; 
 
 to collect: agmen, to bring 
 
 up the rear ; to march in the 
 
 rear. 
 Cohaereo, -heerere, -hsesi, -hse- 
 
 sum, n. (con & haereo,) to 
 
 adhere; to be united; to be 
 
 joined to. 
 Cohibeo, -hibere, -hibui, -hibi- 
 
 tum,a.(con & habeo, § 189, 2,) 
 
 to hold back ; to restrain. 
 Conors, tis, f. a cohort ; the tenth 
 
 part of a legion. 
 Cole hi, orum, m. the people of 
 
 Colchis. 
 Colchis, Idis, f. a country of Asia, 
 
 east of the Euxine. 
 Collabor, -labi, -lapsus sum, dep. 
 
 (con & labor,) to fall. 
 Collare, is, n. (collum,) a collar ; 
 
 a necklace. 
 Collatinus, i, m. a surname of 
 
 Tarquinius, the husband of 
 
 Lucretia. 
 Collectus, a, um, part (colligo/ 
 Collega, ae, m. a colleague. 
 
160 
 
 COLLEGIUM COMMISSUS. 
 
 Collegium, i, n. a college ; a 
 
 covipany. 
 Colligo, -ligere, -legi, -lectum, 
 
 a. (con & lego,) to collect 
 Collis, is, m. a hill. 
 Collocatus, a, um, part, from 
 Colloco, are, avi, atum, a. (con 
 
 & loco,) to place: statuam, 
 
 to erect ; to set up. 
 Colloquium, i, n. conversation; 
 
 an interview ; from 
 Colloquor, -loqui, -locutus sum, 
 
 dep. (con & loquor,) to speak 
 
 together ; to converse. 
 Collum, i, n. the neck. 
 Colo, colere, colui, cultum, a. to 
 
 cultivate ; to exercise ; to pur- 
 sue ; to practise ; to respect ; 
 
 to regard ; to venerate ; to 
 
 worship ; to inhabit. 
 Colonia, sb, f. a colony. 
 Colonus, i, m. a colonist. 
 Color, & Colos, oris, m, a color. 
 Columba, se, f. a dove ; a 
 
 pigeon. 
 Columbare, is, n. a dovecote. 
 Columna, a3, f. a pillar; a col- 
 umn. 
 Comburo, -urere, -ussi, -ustum, a. 
 
 (con & uro, § 196, 4,) to burn ; 
 
 to consume. 
 Comedendus, a, um, part from 
 Comedo, edere, edi, esum & 
 
 estum, a. (con & edo,) to eat 
 
 up ; to devour. 
 Comes, Itis, c. a companion. 
 Cometes, se, m. a comet, § 45. 
 Comissor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 
 revel ; to riot ; to banquet ; to 
 carouse. 
 
 Comitans, tis, part, (comitor.) 
 
 Comitatus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Comitor, ari, atus sum, dep. (co- 
 mes,) to accompany; to at- 
 tend; to follow. 
 
 Commemoro, are, avi, atum, a* 
 (con & memoro,) to commem- 
 orate ; to mention. 
 
 Commendo, are, avi, atum, a. 
 (con & mando,) to commend; 
 to recommend; to commit to 
 one's care. 
 
 Commeo, are, avi, atum, n. (con 
 & meo,) to go to and fro ; to 
 go and come ; to pass. 
 
 Commercium, i, n. (con & 
 merx,) commerce ; traffic ; in- 
 tercourse. 
 
 Commigro, are, avi, atum, n. 
 (con & migro,) to emigrate ; 
 to remove. 
 
 Comminuo, -minuere, -minul, 
 -minutum, a. (con & minuo,) 
 to dash or break in pieces ; to 
 crush. 
 
 Comminutus, a, um, part, di- 
 minished ; broken in pieces. 
 
 Committo, -mittere, -misi, -mis- 
 sum, a. (con & mitto,) to 
 commit ; to intrust : pugnam, 
 to join battle ; to commence 
 or fight a battle. 
 
 Commissus, a, um, part, intrust- 
 ed ; perpetrated; committed, 
 commenced : prcelium com- 
 missum, a battle begun or 
 
COMMODITAS CONCIO. 
 
 161 
 
 fought : copiis commissis, 
 
 forces being engaged. 
 Commoditas, atis, f. (commodus,) 
 
 a convenience ; commodious- 
 
 ness. 
 Commodum, i, n. an advantage ; 
 
 gain. 
 Commorior, -mori & -moriri, 
 
 -mortuus sum, dep. (con & 
 
 morior,) to die together. 
 Commdror, ari, atus sum, dep. 
 
 (con & moror,) to reside ; to 
 
 stay at ; to remain ; to continue. 
 Commotus, a, um, part, from 
 Commoveo, -movere, -movi, -mo- 
 
 tum, a. (con & moveo,) to 
 
 move ; to excite ; to stir up ; 
 
 to influence ; to induce. 
 Communlco, are, avi, atum, a. 
 
 to communicate; to impart; 
 
 to tell ; from 
 Communis, e, adj. common: in 
 
 commune consulere, to con- 
 
 suit for the common good. 
 Comcedia, se, f. a comedy. 
 Comparo, are, avi, atum, a. (con 
 
 & paro,) to gain ; to procure ; 
 
 to get ; to compare. 
 Compello, -pellere, -puli, -pul- 
 
 sum, a. (con & pello,) to drive ; 
 
 to compel ; to force : in fugam, 
 
 to put to flight. 
 Compenso, are, avi, atum, a. (con 
 
 & penso,) to compensate; to 
 
 make amends for. 
 Comperio, -perire, -peri, -pertum, 
 
 a. (con & pario, § 189, 1,) to 
 
 learn ; to discover. 
 
 Complector, -plecti, -plexus sum, 
 dep. (con & plector,) to em- 
 brace; to comprise; to com- 
 prehend ; to reach ; to extend: 
 complecti amore, to love. 
 
 Compono, -ponere, -posui, -posl- 
 tum, a. (con & pono,) to com- 
 pose ; to put together ; to ar- 
 range ; to construct ; to finish ; 
 to compare. 
 
 Composltus, a, um, part. finished ; 
 composed; quieted. 
 
 Comprehendendus, a, um, part, 
 from 
 
 Comprehendo, -prehendere,-pre- 
 hensi, -prehensum, a. (con & 
 prehendo,) to comprehend ; to 
 seize ; to apprehend. 
 
 Comprehensus, a, um, part. 
 
 Compulsus, a, um, part, (com- 
 pello.) 
 
 Conatus, a, um, part, (conor,) 
 having endeavored. 
 
 Concedo, -cedere, -cessi, -ces- 
 sum, a. (con & cedo,) to yield; 
 to permit ; to grant. 
 
 Conceptus, a, um, part, (con- 
 cipio,) conceived; couched; 
 expressed. 
 
 Concessus, a, um, part (concedo.) 
 
 Concha, se, f. a shell-fish. 
 
 Conchylium, i, n. a shell-fish. 
 
 Concilio, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 conciliate ; to unite ; to recon- 
 cile ; to acquire for one's self; 
 to gain ; to obtain ; from 
 
 Concilium, i, n. a council. 
 
 Concio, onis, f. (concieo,) an 
 
162 
 
 CONCIPIO CONGERO. 
 
 assembly; an assembly of the 
 people. 
 
 Concipio, -cipere, -cepi, -cep- 
 tum, a. (con & capio, § 189, 
 2,) to conceive ; to imagine ; 
 to form; to draw up; to 
 comprehend, 
 
 Conclto, are, avi, atum, freq. 
 (con & cito,) to excite; to 
 raise. 
 
 Concitor, oris, m. one who ex- 
 cites ; an exciter; a mover; a 
 disturber. 
 
 Concoquo, -coquere, -coxi, -coc- 
 tum, a. (con & coquo,) to boil ; 
 to digest. 
 
 Concordia, se, f. (concors,) con- 
 cord; agreement; harmony. 
 
 Concredo, -credere, -credldi, 
 -credltum, a. (con & credo,) 
 to trust ; to intrust. 
 
 Concremo, are, avi, atum, a. 
 (con & cremo,) to burn with ; 
 to burn; to consume. 
 
 Concurro, -currere, -curri, -cur- 
 sum, n. (con & curro,) to run 
 together : concurritur, pass, 
 imp. a crowd assemble ; there 
 is an assemblage. 
 
 Concussus, a, um, part, shaken ; 
 moved; from 
 
 Concutio, -cutere, -cussi, -cus- 
 sum, a. (con & quatio,) to 
 shake ; to agitate ; to tremble. 
 
 Conditio, onis, f. (condo,) con- 
 dition ; situation ; a proposal ; 
 terms. 
 
 Conditus, a, um, part from 
 
 Condo, -dere, -didi, -ditum, a. 
 (con & do,) to found; to 
 build ; to make ; to form ; to 
 hide ; to bury ; to conceal. 
 
 Conduco, -ducere, -duxi, -due- 
 turn, a. (con & duco,) to hire. 
 
 Confectus, a, um, part, (conficio.) 
 
 Confero, conferre, contuli, col- 
 latum, irr. a. (con & fero,) to 
 biing together ; to heap up ; 
 to bestow ; to give : se con- 
 ferre, to betake one's self; 
 to go. 
 
 Conficio, -fi cere, -feci, -fectum, 
 a. (con & facio,) to make ; to 
 finish ; to waste ; to wear out; 
 to terminate ; to consume ; to 
 ruin ; to destroy ; to kill. 
 
 Confligo, -fligere, -flixi, -flictum, 
 a. (con & fligo,) to contend; 
 to engage ; to fight. 
 
 Conflo, are, avi, atum, a. (con & 
 flo,) to blow together ; to melt ; 
 to unite ; to compose. 
 
 Confluo, -fluere, -fluxi, -fluxum, 
 n. (con & fluo,) to flow to- 
 gether ; to flock; to assemble. 
 
 Confodio, -fodere, -fodi, -fossum, 
 a. (con & fodio,) to dig; to 
 pierce ; to stab. 
 
 Confossus, a, um, part (confo- 
 dio.) 
 
 Confugio, -fugere, -fugi, -fugi- 
 tum, n. (con & fugio,) to fly 
 to ; to fly for refuge ; to flee. 
 
 Congero, -gerere, -gessi, -ges- 
 tum, a. (con & gero,) to bring 
 together ; to collect ; to heap up 
 
CONGREDIOR CONSILIUM. 
 
 163 
 
 Congredior,-gredi,-gressus sum, 
 dep. (con & gradior, § 189, 1,) 
 to encounter; to engage; to 
 fight. 
 
 Congrego, are, avi, atum, a. (con 
 & grex,) to assemble injlocks ; 
 to assemble. 
 
 Conjectus, a, urn, part, from 
 
 Conjicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, 
 a. (con & jacio,) to cast; to 
 throw; to conjecture. 
 
 Conjugium, i, n. (con & jugo,) 
 marriage. 
 
 Conjungo, -jungere, -junxi, 
 -junctum, a. (con & jungo,) 
 to unite ; to bind ; to join. 
 
 Conjuratus, a, um, part, con- 
 spired: conjurati, subs, con- 
 spirators: from 
 
 Conjuro, are, avi, atum, a. (con 
 & juro,) to swear together ; to 
 combine; to conspire: conju- 
 ratum est, a conspiracy was 
 formed. 
 
 Conjux, ugis, c. (con & jugo,) 
 a spouse ; a husband or 
 wife. 
 
 Conor, ari, atus sum, dep. to at- 
 tempt ; to venture ; to endeav- 
 or ; to strive. 
 
 Conqueror, -queri, -questus sum, 
 dep. (con & queror,) to com- 
 plain ; to lament. 
 
 Conscendo, -scendere, -scendi, 
 -scensum, a. (con & scando,) 
 to climb; to ascend* 
 
 Conscensus, a, um, part, (con- 
 scendo.) 
 
 14* 
 
 Conscisco, -sciscere, -scivi, -sci- 
 tum, a. (con & scisco,) to 
 decree ; to execute : sibi mor- 
 tem consciscere, to lay violeiit 
 hands on one's self; to com- 
 mit suicide. 
 
 Consecro, are, avi, atum, a. (con 
 & sacro,) to consecrate ; to 
 dedicate; to devote. 
 
 Consedi. See Consido. 
 
 Consenesco, -senescere, -senui, 
 inc. (con & senesco,)/o grow 
 old. 
 
 Consentio, -sentire, -sensi, -sen- 
 sum, n. (con & sentio,) to 
 consent ; to agree ; to unite. 
 
 Consequor, -sequi, -secutus sum, 
 dep. (con & sequor,) to gain ; 
 to obtain. 
 
 Consecutus, a, um, part, having 
 obtained. 
 
 Consero, -serere, -serui, -sertum, 
 a. (con & sero,) to join ; to 
 put together : pugnam, to join 
 battle ; to fight. 
 
 Conservandus, a, um, part, 
 from 
 
 Conservo, are, avi, atum, a. (con 
 & servo,) to preserve ; to main- 
 tain ; to perpetuate. 
 
 Considens, tis, part, from 
 
 Consido, -sidere, -sedi, -sessum, 
 n. (con & sido,) to sit down ; 
 to encamp ; to take one's seat ; 
 to perch ; to light. 
 
 Consilium, i, n. (consulo,) coun- 
 sel ; design ; intention ; a 
 council ; deliberation : advice : 
 

 164 
 
 CONSISTO CONTENDO. 
 
 apian ; judgment ; discretion ; 
 prudence ; wisdom. 
 
 Consisto, -sistere, -stiti, n. (con 
 & sisto,) to stand; to consist 
 
 Consolor, ari, atus sum, dep. 
 (con & solor,) to comfort; to 
 console. 
 
 Conspectus, a, um, part, (con- 
 spicio.) 
 
 Conspectus, us, m. a sight; a 
 view. 
 
 Conspicatus, a, um, part (con- 
 spicor,) 
 
 Conspicio, -spicere, -spexi, -spec- 
 turn, a. (con & specio, § 189, 
 2,) to behold; to see. 
 
 Conspicor, ari, atus sum, dep. 
 to behold ; to see. 
 
 Conspicuus, a, um, adj. conspicu- 
 ous ; distinguished. 
 
 Constans, tis, part. & adj. firm; 
 determined ; constant ; steady. 
 
 Constituo, -stituere, -stitui, -sti- 
 tutum, a. (con & statuo,) to 
 appoint ; to establish. 
 
 Const o, -stare, -stiti, n. (con & 
 sto,) to consist of: constat, 
 imp. it is certain, manifest, 
 clear, evident, known. 
 
 Construo,-struere, -struxi, -struc- 
 ture, a. (con & struo,) to con- 
 struct ; to build ; to compose ; 
 to form ; to heap up. 
 
 Consuesco, -suescere, -suevi, 
 -suetum, n. (con & suesco,) 
 to be accustomed. 
 
 Consuetudo, inis, f. habit; cus- 
 tom. 
 
 Consul, ulis, m. a consul. 
 
 Consularis, e, adj. of or pertain- 
 ing to the consul ; consular : 
 vir consularis, one who has 
 been a consul ; a man of con- 
 sular dignity. 
 
 Consulates, us, m. the consul- 
 
 Consulo, -sulere, -sului, -sultum, 
 a. to advise ; to consult. 
 
 Consulto, are, avi, atum, freq. 
 (consulo,) to advise together; 
 to consult. 
 
 Consumo, -sumere, -sumpsi, 
 -sump turn, a. (con & sumo,) 
 to consume ; to wear out ; to 
 exhaust ; to waste ; to destroy. 
 
 Consumptus, a, um, part. 
 
 Contagiosus, a, um, adj. (con- 
 tango,) contagious. 
 
 Contemnendus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Contemno, -temnere, -tempsi, 
 -temptum, a. (con & temno,) 
 to despise ; to reject with scorn. 
 
 Contemplates, a, um, part ob- 
 serving ; regarding; consid- 
 ering; from 
 
 Contemplor, ari, atus sum, dep. 
 to contemplate; to regard; to 
 consider ; to look at ; to gaze 
 upon. 
 
 Contemptim, adv. with contempt ; 
 contemptuously ; scornfidly ; 
 from 
 
 Contemptus, a, um, part, (con- 
 temno.) 
 
 Contemptus, us, m. contempt. 
 
 Contendo, dere, di, turn, a. & n. 
 
 
CONTENTIO CONVIVIUM. 
 
 165 
 
 (con & tendo,) to dispute ; to 
 Jight ; to contend; to go to; 
 to direct one's course : allquid 
 ab allquo, to request ; to so- 
 licit ; to beg something of 
 some one. 
 
 Contentio, onis, f. contention ; a 
 debate ; a controversy ; exer- 
 tion ; an effort ; a strife. 
 
 Contentus, a, urn, adj. content; 
 satisfied. 
 
 Contero, -terere, -trivi, -tritum, 
 a. (con & tero,) to break; to 
 pound ; to waste. 
 
 Continens, tis, part & adj. join- 
 ing; continued; uninterrupt- 
 ed; temperate: subs. f. the 
 continent, or main land : from 
 
 Contineo, -tinere, -tinui, -ten- 
 turn, a. (con & teneo,) to hold 
 in ; to contain. 
 
 Contingo, -tingere, -tigi, -tac- 
 tum, a. (con & tango,) to 
 touch : contingit, imp. it hap- 
 pens : mihi, it happens to me ; 
 I have the fortune. 
 
 Continuus, a, um, adj. continued; 
 adjoining; incessant; unin- 
 terrupted; continual; without 
 intermission ; in close succes- 
 sion: continuo alveo, in one 
 entire or undivided channel. 
 
 Contra, prep, against; opposite 
 to : adv. on the other hand. 
 
 Contractus, a, um, part, (contra- 
 ho.) 
 
 Contradico, -dieere, -dixi, -dic- 
 tum, a. (contra & dico,) to 
 
 speak against ; to contradict ; 
 to oppose. 
 
 Contradictus, a, um, part con- 
 tradicted; opposed. 
 
 Contraho, -trahere, -traxi, -trac- 
 tum, a. (con & traho,) to con- 
 tract ; to draw together ; to 
 assemble; to collect. 
 
 Contrarius, a, um, adj. contrary ; 
 opposite. 
 
 Contueor, -tueri, -tultus sum, 
 dep. (con & tueor,) to regard; 
 to behold; to view; to look 
 steadfastly at ; to gaze upon ; 
 to survey. 
 
 Contundo,-tundere,-tudi,-tusum, 
 a. (con & tundo,) to beat ; to 
 bruise; to crush; to pulverize. 
 
 Contusus, a, um, part. 
 
 Convalesco, -valescere, -valui, 
 inc. (con & valesco,) to grow 
 well ; to recover. 
 
 Convenio, -venire, -veni, -ven- 
 tum, n. (con & venio,) to 
 meet ; to assemble ; to come 
 together. 
 
 Converto, -vertere, -verti, -ver- 
 sum, a. (con & verto,)2o turn ; 
 to resort to ; to appropriate ; 
 to convert into ; to change : 
 se in preces, to turn to en* 
 treating. 
 
 Conversus, a, um, part. 
 
 Convicium, i, n. loud noise, 
 scolding ; reproach ; abuse. 
 
 Convivium, i, n. (con & vivo,) a 
 feast; a banquet; an ente* 
 tainment. 
 
166 
 
 CONVOCO CORYCIUS. 
 
 Convoco, are, avi, atum, a. (con 
 & voco,) to call together ; to 
 assemble. 
 
 Convolve-, -volvere, -volvi, -volu- 
 tum, a. (con & volvo,) to roll 
 together : pass, to be rolled to- 
 gether : se, to roll one's self up. 
 
 Cooperio, -perire, -perui, -per- 
 tum, a. (con & operio,) to 
 cover. 
 
 Copia, se, f. an abundance; a 
 multitude ; a swarm : copies, 
 pi. forces; troops. 
 
 Copiose, adv. (ius, issime,) co- 
 piously ; abundantly. 
 
 Coquo, coquere, coxi, coctum, a. 
 to bake ; to boil ; to roast ; to 
 cook. 
 
 Coquus, i, m. a cook. 
 
 Cor, cordis, n. the heart. 
 
 Coram, prep, in the presence of; 
 before : adv. openly. 
 
 Corcyra, 83, f. an island on the 
 coast ofEpirus, now Corfu. 
 
 Corinthus, i, f. Corinth, a city of 
 Achaia, in Greece. 
 
 Corinthius, a, um, adj. Corinth- 
 ian, belonging to Corinth : 
 Corinthii, subs, the Corinthi- 
 ans. 
 
 Corioli, orum, m. pi. a town of 
 Latium. 
 
 Coriolanus, i, m. a distinguished 
 Roman general. 
 
 Corium, i, n. the skin ; the skin 
 or hide of a beast. 
 
 Cornelia, se, f. a noble Roman 
 lady. 
 
 Cornelius, i, m. the name of an 
 illustrious tribe, or clan, at 
 Rome, containing manyfam- 
 
 Cornix, icis, f. a crow. 
 
 Cornu, u, n. § 87 ; a horn. 
 
 Corona, se, f. a crown. 
 
 Corpus, oris, n. a body ; a corpse. 
 
 Correptus, a, um, part (corripio.) 
 
 Corrfgo, -rigere, -rexi, -rectum, 
 a. (con &. rego,) to straight- 
 en; to make better; to cor- 
 rect. 
 
 Corripio, -riper e, -ripui, -reptum, 
 a. (con & rapio,) to seize. 
 
 Corrodo, -rodere, -rosi, -rosum, 
 a. (con & rodo,) to gnaw ; to 
 corrode. 
 
 Corrosus, a, um, part. 
 
 Corruens, tis, part, (corruo.) 
 
 Corrumpo, -rumpere, -rupi, -rup- 
 tum, a. (con & rumpo,) to 
 corrupt; to bribe; to hurt; 
 to violate ; to seduce ; to im- 
 pair ; to destroy. 
 
 Corruo, -ruere, -rui, n. (con & 
 ruo,) to fall ; to decay. 
 
 Corruptus, a, um, part. & adj. 
 (corrumpo,) bribed; vitiated; 
 foul; corrupt. 
 
 Corsica, se, f. an island in the 
 Mediterranean sea, north of 
 Sardinia. 
 
 Corvinus, i, m. a surname given 
 to M. Valerius. 
 
 Corvus, i, m. a raven. 
 
 Corycius, a, um, adj. Corycian 
 of Corycus. 
 
CORYCUS CUNCTATIO. 
 
 167 
 
 Cory c us, i, m. the name of a city 
 and mountain of Cilicia. 
 
 Cos., an abbreviation of consul; 
 Coss., of consules ; § 328. 
 
 Cotta, se, m. a Roman cogno- 
 men, belonging to the Aure- 
 lian tribe. 
 
 Crater, eris, m. a goblet ; a crater; 
 the mouth of a volcano. 
 
 Crates, etis, m. a Theban philoso- 
 pher. 
 
 Crassus, i, m. the name of a 
 Roman family of the Lucinian 
 tribe. 
 
 Creatus, a, um, part, (creo.) 
 
 Creber, crebra, crebrum, adj. 
 frequent. 
 
 Crebro, adv. (creber,) frequently. 
 
 Credo, -dere, -dldi, -dltum, a. to 
 believe ; to trust. 
 
 Cremera, ae, f. a river of Etru- 
 ria, near which the Fabian 
 family were defeated and de- 
 stroyed. 
 
 Crerno, are, avi, atum, a. to burn ; 
 to consume. 
 
 Creo, are, avi, atum, a. to choose ; 
 to create ; to elect. 
 
 Cresco, crescere, crevi, cretum, 
 n. to increase ; to grow. 
 
 Creta, ae, f. Crete, now Candia, 
 an island in the Mediterra- 
 nean sea, south of the Cycla- 
 des. 
 
 Cretensis, e, adj. belonging to 
 Crete, Cretan. 
 
 Crevi. See Cresco. 
 
 /Crimen, inis, n. a crime ; a fault; 
 
 an accusation : allcui crimlni 
 dare, to charge as a crime 
 against one. 
 
 Crinis, is, m. the hair. 
 
 Crixus, i, m. the name of a cele- 
 brated gladiator. 
 
 Crocodilus, i, m. a crocodile. 
 
 Cruciatus, a, um, part, (crucio.) 
 
 Cruciatus, us, m. torture; tor- 
 ment ; distress ; trouble ; af- 
 fliction. 
 
 Crucio, are, avi, atum, a. (crux,) 
 to torment ; to torture. 
 
 Crudelis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
 cruel. 
 
 Crudeliter, adv. cruelly. 
 
 Crudus, a, um, adj. crude ; raw. 
 
 Cruor, oris, m. blood; gore. 
 
 Crus, uris, n. the leg. 
 
 Crux, crucis, f. a cross. 
 
 Cubitus, i, m., & Cubltum, i, n, 
 a cubit. 
 
 Cucurri. See Curro. 
 
 Cui, & Cujus. See Qui, & Quis. 
 
 Culex, icis, m. a gnat. 
 
 Culpa, ae, f. a fault ; guilt ; 
 blame. 
 
 Culpo, are, avi, atum, a. to blame. 
 
 Cultellus, i, m. (dim. from cul- 
 ter,) a little knife ; a knife. 
 
 Cultus, a, um, part, (colo,) culti- 
 vated ; improved; dressed. 
 
 Cum, pr. with : adv. the same as 
 quum, when : cum — turn, 
 not only — but also ; as well 
 — as also. 
 
 Cunctatio, onis, f. (cunctor,) de- 
 lay ; a delaying ; hesitation. 
 
168 
 
 CUNICULUS CYRENAICA. 
 
 Cuniculus, i, m. a rabbit; a 
 cony. 
 
 Cupiditas, atis, f. (cupio,) desire ; 
 cupidity, 
 
 Cupido, Inis, f. desire. 
 
 Cupidus, a, ura, adj. desirous. 
 
 Cupiens, tis, part from 
 
 Cupio, ere, ivi, itum, a. to desire ; 
 to wish ; to long for. 
 
 Cur, adv. why ; wherefore. 
 
 Cura, se, f. care ; anxiety. 
 
 Cures, ium, f. pi. a city of the 
 Sabines. 
 
 Curia, se, f. a curia or ward ; one 
 of thirty parts into which the 
 Roman people were divided; 
 the senate-house. 
 
 Curiatii, orum, m. pi. the name 
 of an Alban tribe. Three 
 brothers belonging to this tribe 
 fought with the Horatii. 
 
 Curo, are, avi, atum, a. (cura,) 
 to take care of; to care ; to be 
 concerned ; to cure or heal. 
 
 Curro, currere, cucurri, cursum, 
 n. to run. 
 
 Currus, us, m. a chariot. 
 
 Cursor, oris, m. a runner; also, 
 a surname given to L. Pa- 
 pirius. 
 
 Cursus, us, m. a course ; a run- 
 ning. 
 
 Curvus, a, um, adj. crooked. 
 
 Custodia, aa, f. (custos,) a prison ; 
 a guard. 
 
 Custodio, ire, ivi, itum, a. to pre- 
 serve ; to keep safely ; to 
 guard ; to watch ; from 
 
 Custos, odis, c. a guard; a keep 
 er. 
 
 Cutis, is, f. the skin. 
 
 Cyaneus, a, um, adj. dark blue. 
 
 Cyclades, um, f. pi. a cluster of 
 islands in the Archipelago, 
 which derive their name from 
 the Greek xtixXog, a circle. 
 
 Cyclopes, um, m. pi. the Cyclops, 
 giants of Sicily, living near 
 JEtna. 
 
 Cydnus, i, m. a river of Cilicia* 
 
 Cyllene, es, f. a mountain in 
 Arcadia. 
 
 Cymba, se, f. a boat ; a skiff; a 
 canoe. 
 
 Cymbalum, i, n. a cymbal. 
 
 Cynlcus, i, m. a Cynic. The 
 Cynics were a sect of philoso- 
 phers founded by Antisthe- 
 nes. 
 
 Cynocephalae, arum, f. pi. small 
 hills near Scotussa, in Thes- 
 saly. 
 
 Cynocephali, orum, m. pi. a peo- 
 ple of India with heads like 
 dogs. 
 
 Cynocephalus, i, m. an Egyp- 
 tian deity. 
 
 Cynossema, atis, n. a promontory 
 of Thrace, near Sestos, where 
 queen Hecuba was buried. 
 
 Cynthus, i, m. a hill near the 
 town of Delos. 
 
 Cyrenge, arum, f. pi. Cyrene, a 
 city of Africa, the capital of 
 Cyrenaica. 
 
 Cyrenalca, 83, f. a country in the 
 
CYREN^EUS DECERPO. 
 
 169 
 
 northern part of Africa, so 
 called from its capital, Cy- 
 ren<B. 
 
 Cyrenaeus, a, um, adj. Cyrenean ; 
 belonging to Cyrence, 
 
 Cyrenensis, e, adj. Cyrenean; 
 of Cyrena, 
 
 Cyrnus, i, f. a Greek name of the 
 island of Corsica, 
 
 Cyrus, i, m. Cyrus, the name of 
 a Persian king, 
 
 Cyzlcus, i, f. the name of an 
 island, near Mysia, contain- 
 ing a town of the same 
 name, 
 
 D. 
 
 Daedalus, i, m. an ingenious 
 Athenian artist, the son of 
 Euphemus. 
 
 Damno, are, avi, atum, a. to con- 
 demn, 
 
 Damnosus, a, um, adj. injurious ; 
 hurtful, 
 
 Danaus, i, m. an ancient king of 
 Argos, and brother of Mgyp- 
 tus, 
 
 Dandus, a, um, part (do.) 
 
 Dans, tis, part, (do.) 
 
 Danubius, i, m. the Danube, a 
 river of Germany, called also, 
 after its entrance into Illyri- 
 cum, the Ister ; the largest riv- 
 er in Europe, 
 
 Daps, dapis, f. § 94 ; a feast ; a 
 meal, 
 
 Dardania, 33, f. a country and 
 
 city of Asia Minor, near the 
 Hellespont, 
 
 Daturas, a, um, part, (do.) 
 
 Datus, a, um, part, (do.) 
 
 De, prep, from; of; concern- 
 ing ; on account of. 
 
 Dea, 83, f. § 43, 2 ; a goddess, 
 
 Debello, are, avi, atum, a. (de & 
 bello,) to conquer ; to subdue, 
 
 Debeo, ere, ui, Itum, a. (de & ha- 
 beo,)/o owe; to be obliged; with 
 an infinitive, ought or should, 
 
 Debeor, eri, Itus sum, pass, to 
 be due, 
 
 Debillto, are, avi, atum, a. (debl- 
 lis,) to weaken ; to enfeeble, 
 
 Debltus, a, um, part (debeo,) 
 due; deserved; owing, 
 
 Decedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum, 
 n. (de & cedo,) to depart ; to 
 retire ; to withdraw ; to yield ; 
 to die, 
 
 Decerno, -cernere, -crevi, -cre- 
 tum, a. (de & cerno,) to judge ; 
 to decide ; to fight ; to con- 
 tend ; to discern ; to decree : 
 bellum decretum cst,the man- 
 agement of the war was de- 
 
 Decem, num. adj. ten, [creed. 
 
 Decemviri, orum, m. pi. decem- 
 virs, ten men appointed to 
 prepare a code of laws for 
 the Romans, and by whom the 
 laws of the twelve tables were 
 formed, 
 
 Decerpo, -cerpere, -cerpsi, -cerp- 
 tum, a. (de & carpo,) to pluck 
 off; to pick ; to gather. 
 
170 
 
 DECIDO DEGO. 
 
 Decido, -cidere, -cidi, n. (de & 
 cado,) to fall : dentes deci- 
 dunt, the teeth fail, or come 
 out. 
 
 Declmus, a, urn, num. adj. (de- 
 cern,) the tenth. 
 
 Decius, i, m. the name of several 
 Romans, three of whom were 
 distinguished for their patri- 
 otism. 
 
 Declaro, are, avi, atum, a. (de & 
 claro,) to declare; to show. 
 
 Decoctus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Decoquo, -coquere, -coxi, -coc- 
 tum, a. (de & coquo,) to boil. 
 
 Decor us, a, um, adj. handsome; 
 adorned ; decorous ; beauti- 
 
 jko. 
 
 Decretus, a, um, part, (decerno.) 
 
 Decresco, -crescere, -crevi, n. 
 (de & cresco,) to decrease; to 
 diminish ; to subside ; to fall ; 
 to decay. 
 
 Decumbo, -cumbere, -cubui, n. 
 (de & cubo,) to lie down. 
 
 Decurro, -currere, -curri, -cur- 
 sum, n. (de & curro,) to flow 
 down ; to run. 
 
 Dedi. See Do. 
 
 Dedldi. See Dedo. 
 
 Deditio, onis, f. (dedo,) a surren- 
 der. 
 
 Dedltus, a, um, part, (dedo.) 
 
 Dedo, dedere, dedldi, deditum, 
 a. to surrender ; to deliver up ; 
 to give up; to addict or de- 
 vote one's self. 
 
 Deduco, -ducere, -duxi, -duc- 
 
 tum, a. (de & duco,) to lead 
 forth ; to bring ; to lead. 
 
 Defatigo, are, avi, atum, a. (de 
 & fatigo,) to weary ; to fa- 
 tigue. 
 
 Defendo, -fendere, -fendi, -fen- 
 sum, a. (de & fendo, § 172,) 
 to defend ; to protect. 
 
 Defensus, a, um, part (defendo.) 
 
 Defero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, irr. a. 
 (de & fero,) to bring ; to con- 
 vey ; to proffer; to confer ; to 
 give ; to bestow. 
 
 Deficiens, tis, part, from 
 
 Deficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum, 
 a. & n. (de & facio,) to fail; 
 to be wanting ; to decrease ; 
 to be eclipsed. 
 
 Defleo, ere, evi, etum, a. (de & 
 fieo,) to deplore; to bewail, 
 to lament; to weep for. 
 
 Defluo, -fluere, -fluxi, -fluxum, 
 n. (de & fluo,) to flow down. 
 
 Defodio, -fodere, -fbdi, -fossum, 
 a. (de & fodio,) to bury; to 
 inter. 
 
 Deformitas, atis, f. (deformis,) 
 deformity; ugliness. 
 
 Defossus, a, um, part, (defodio.) 
 
 Defunctus, a, um, Tp&rt. finished: 
 defunctus or defunctus vita, 
 dead: from 
 
 Defungor, -fungi, -functus sum, 
 dep. (de & fungor,) to exe- 
 cute ; to perform ; to be free 
 from ; to finish. 
 
 Degens, tis, part from 
 
 Dego, degere, degi, a. & a 
 
DEGUSTO DEMOSTHENES. 
 
 171 
 
 (de & ago,) to lead ; to live ; 
 to dwell, 
 
 Degusto, are, avi, atum, a. (de & 
 gusto,) to taste. 
 
 Deinde, adv. (de & inde,) then; 
 further ; after that ; next. 
 
 Deiotarus, i, m. a man who was 
 made king of Galatia, by the 
 Roman senate, through the 
 favor of Pompey. 
 
 Dejectus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Dejicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, 
 a. (de & jacio,) to throw or 
 cast down. 
 
 Delabor, -labi, -lapsus sum, dep. 
 (de & labor,) to fall; to glide 
 down; to flow. 
 
 Delapsus, a, um, part, descend- 
 ing ; having fallen. 
 
 Delatus, a, um, part, (defero,) 
 conferred. 
 
 Delecto, are, avi, atum, a. (de &. 
 lacto, § 189, 1,) to delight; to 
 please. 
 
 Delectus, a, um, part, (dellgo.) 
 
 Delendus, a, um, part, to be de- 
 stroyed; from 
 
 Deleo, ere, evi, etum, a. to ex- 
 tinguish ; to destroy ; to ruin. 
 
 Delicise, arum, f. pi. pastimes ; 
 diversions; pleasures; delights. 
 
 Delictum, i, n. (delinquo,) a cHme; 
 a fault. 
 
 Dellgo, -ligere, -legi, -lectum, a. 
 (de & lego,) to select; to choose. 
 
 Delinquo, -linquere, -liqui, -lic- 
 tum, a. (de & linquo to of- 
 fend ; to do wrong. 
 15 
 
 Delphlcus, a, um, adj. Delphic, 
 belonging to Delphi. 
 
 Delphi, orum, m. pi. a town of 
 Phocis, where were a famous 
 temple and oracle of Apollo. 
 
 Delphlrms, i, m. a dolphin. 
 
 Delta, se, f. a part of Egypt, so 
 called from its resemblance to 
 the Greek letter delta, A. 
 
 Delubrum, i, n. a temple; a 
 shrine. 
 
 Delus or -os, i, f. an island, con- 
 taining a city of the same 
 name, situated in the Mgean 
 sea ; the birthplace of Apollo 
 and Diana. 
 
 Demaratus, i, m. a Corinthian, 
 the father of the elder Tar- 
 quin. 
 
 Demergo, -mergere, -mersi, 
 -mersum, a. (de & mergo,) to 
 plunge ; to sink. 
 
 Demersus, a, um, part. 
 
 Demetrius, i, m. a Greek proper 
 name. 
 
 Demissus, a, um, part, cast down ; 
 descending ; from 
 
 Demitto, -mittere, -misi, -mis- 
 sum, a. (de & mitto,) to send 
 down; to let down; to drop. 
 
 Democritus, i, m. a Grecian phi- 
 losopher, who was born at 
 Abdera. 
 
 Demonstro, are, avi, atum, a. 
 (de & monstro,) to demon- 
 strate ; to show ; to prove. 
 
 Demosthenes, is, m. the most cele- 
 brated of the Athenian orators 
 
172 
 
 DEMUM DESUM. 
 
 Demum, adv. at length ; not till ; 
 
 at last ; only. 
 Deni, ae, a, num. adj. pi. § 119, 
 
 every ten ; ten. 
 Denique, adv. finally ; at last. 
 Dens, tis, m. a tooth. 
 Densus, a, um, adj. thick. 
 Dentatus, i, m. (Siccius,) the 
 
 cognomen, or surname, of a 
 
 brave Roman soldier. 
 Denuntio or -cio, are, avi, atum, 
 
 a. (de & nuntio,) to denounce ; 
 
 to foreshow ; to proclaim ; to 
 
 declare. 
 Depascor, -pasci, -pastus sum, 
 
 dep. (de & pascor,) to feed; 
 
 to eat up ; to feed upon. 
 Depingo, -pingere, -pinxi, -pic- 
 
 tum, a. (de & pingo,) to paint ; 
 
 to depict ; to describe ; to ex- 
 hibit. 
 Deploro, are, avi, atum, a. (de & 
 
 ploro,) to weep for ; to deplore ; 
 
 to mourn. 
 Depono, -ponere, -posui, -posi- 
 
 tum, a. (de & pono,) to lay 
 
 down or aside. 
 Depopulates, a, um, part from 
 Depopulor, ari, atus sum, dep. 
 
 (de & populus,) to lay waste. 
 Deprehendo, -prehendere, -pre- 
 
 hensi, -prehensum, a. (de & 
 
 prehendo,) to seize ; to catch ; 
 
 to detect. 
 Deprehensus, a, um, part. 
 Depulso, are, avi, atum, freq. 
 
 (de & pulso,) to push away ; 
 
 to keep off; to repel. 
 
 Deseendo, -scendere, -scendi, 
 -scensum, n. (de & scando, 
 § 189, 1,) to descend: in cer- 
 tamen descendere, to engage 
 in a contest : descenditur, 
 imp. one descends; we de- 
 scend. 
 
 Describo, -scribere, -scripsi, 
 -scriptum, a. (de & scribo,) 
 to describe ; to divide ; to or- 
 der. 
 
 Desero, -serere, -serui, -sertum, 
 a. (de & sero,) to desert ; to 
 forsake ; to abandon. 
 
 Desertum, i, n. a desert. 
 
 Desertus, a, um, part. & adj. 
 deserted ; waste ; desolate ; 
 desert. 
 
 Desiderium, i, n. a longing for ; 
 a desire ; love ; affection ; re- 
 gret; grief. 
 
 Desino, -sinere, -sivi, -situm, n. 
 (de & sino,) to leave off; to 
 terminate ; to cease ; to end ; 
 to renounce. 
 
 Desperatus, a, um, part. & adj. 
 despaired of; past hope ; des- 
 perate ; hopeless. 
 
 Despero, are, avi, atum, a. (de & 
 spero,) to despair. 
 
 Desponsatus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Desponso, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 promise in marriage; to be- 
 troth; to affiance. 
 
 Desttno, are, avi, atum, a. to de- 
 sign ; to appoint ; to deter 
 mine ; to aim at. 
 
 Desum, -esse, -fui, -futurus, irr 
 
DETERIOR DIFFICILIS. 
 
 173 
 
 n. (de & sum,) to be want- 
 ing. 
 
 Deterior, adj. comp. (sup. deter- 
 rimus, § 126, 1,) worse. 
 
 Deterreo, ere, ui, Itum, a. (de & 
 texreo,) to deter ; to frighten. 
 
 Detestor, ari, atus sum, dep. (de 
 & testor,) to detest. 
 
 Detractus, a, um, part from 
 
 Detraho, -trahere, -traxi, -trac- 
 tum, a. (de & traho,) to take 
 down or away; to draw off; 
 to take from. 
 
 Detrimentum, i, n. (detero,) det- 
 riment; damage; harm; loss ; 
 injury. 
 
 Deus, i, m. § 52 ; God ; a god. 
 
 Deveho, -vehere, -vexi, -vectum, 
 a. (de & veho,) to carry away. 
 
 Devexus, a, um, adj. sloping; 
 inclining. 
 
 Devictus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Devinco, -vincere, -vlci, -vic- 
 tual, a. (de & vinco,) to con- 
 quer ; to subdue ; to overcome. 
 
 Devolo, are, avi, atum, n. (de & 
 volo,) to fly down ; to fly 
 away. 
 
 Devoro, are, avi, atum, a. (de & 
 voro,) to devour ; to eat up. 
 
 Devotus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Devoveo, -vovere, -vovi, -votum, 
 a. (de & voveo,) to vow; to 
 devote ; to consecrate. 
 
 Dexter, era, erum, or ra, rum, 
 § 106, adj. right ; on the right 
 hand. 
 
 D extra, ee, f. the right hand. 
 
 Diadema, atis, n. a diadem; a 
 white filet worn upon the 
 heads of kings. 
 
 Diagoras, ae, m. a Rhodian who 
 died from excessive joy, be- 
 cause his three sons were vic- 
 torious at the Olympic games. 
 
 Diana, se, f. the daughter of Ju- 
 piter and Latona, and sister 
 of Apollo 
 
 Dico, are, avi, atum, a. to conse 
 crate ; to dedicate. 
 
 Dico, dicere, dixi, dictum, a. to 
 say ; to name ; to call. 
 
 Dictator, oris, m. a dictator; a 
 chief magistrate, elected on 
 special occasions, and vested 
 with absolute authority ; from 
 
 Dicto, are, avi, atum, freq. to dic- 
 tate ; to say often. 
 
 Dictum, i, n. a word; an ex- 
 pression. 
 
 Dictus, a, um, part, (dico.) 
 
 Dies, ei, m. or f. in sing., m. in 
 pi., § 90 ; a day : in dies, dai- 
 ly ; every day. 
 
 Differens, tis, adj. different ; dif- 
 fering ; from 
 
 Differo, differre, distuli, dila- 
 tum, irr. a. & n. (dis & fero,) 
 to carry up and down; to 
 scatter ; to disperse ; to spread 
 abroad ; to publish ; to defer ; 
 to be different. 
 
 Difficile, adv. (ius, lime,) diffi- 
 cultly ; with difficulty ; from 
 
 Difficilis, e, adj. (dis & facilis,j 
 difficult. 
 
174 
 
 DIFFJCULTAS D1SEHTE. 
 
 
 Difficultas, atis, f. § 101, 1 ; dif- 
 ficulty ; trouble ; embarrass- 
 ment ; poverty. 
 
 Digitus, i, m. a finger ; a finger's 
 breadth. 
 
 Dignatus, a, urn, part, (dignor,) 
 vouchsafing; thought worthy. 
 
 Dignitas, atis, f. (dignus,) digni- 
 ty ; honor ; office. 
 
 Dignor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 think worthy ; to vouchsafe ; 
 to deign ; from 
 
 Dignus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 luorthy. 
 
 Dilanio, are, avi, atum, a. (dis & 
 lanio,) to tear or rendin pieces. 
 
 Diligenter, adv. (ius, issime,) 
 diligently ; carefully. 
 
 Dillgo, -iigere, -lexi, -lectum, a. 
 (dis & lego,) to love. 
 
 Dimicatio, onis, f. a fight; a 
 contest ; a battle ; from 
 
 Dimico, are, avi, (or ui,) atum, 
 a. (dis & mico,) to fight: 
 dimicatum est, a battle was 
 fought. 
 
 Dimissus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Dimitto, -mittere, -misi, -missum, 
 a. (dis & mitto,) to dismiss ; 
 to let go. 
 
 Diogenes, is, m. an eminent Cyn- 
 ic philosopher, boiift at Sinope, 
 a city of Asia Minor. 
 
 Diomedes, is, m. a Grecian war- 
 rior ; also, a cruel king of 
 Thrace. 
 
 Dionysius, i, m. the name of two 
 tyrants of Syracuse. 
 
 Diremp turns, a, um, part (din- 
 mo,) about to decide. 
 
 Direptus, a, um, part, (diripio.) 
 
 Dirimo, -imere, -emi, -emptum, 
 a. (dis & emo, § 196, 13,) to 
 divide ; to part ; to separate ; 
 to decide. 
 
 Diripio, -ripere, -ripui, -reptum, 
 a. (dis & rapio,) to rob; to 
 plunder ; to pillage ; to sack ; 
 to destroy. 
 
 Diruo, -ruere, -rui, -rutum, a. (dis 
 & ruo,) to destroy; to over- 
 throw ; to raze. 
 
 Dims, a, um, ^.frightful; ter- 
 rible ; direful ; ominous. 
 
 Dirutus, a, um, part, (diruo.) 
 
 Discedo, -cedere, -cessi, -ces- 
 sum, n. (dis & cedo,) to depart; 
 to go away. 
 
 Discerpo, -cerpere,-cerpsi,-cerp- 
 tum, a. (dis & carpo,) to tear 
 in pieces. 
 
 Discerptus, a, um, part (dis- 
 cerpo.) 
 
 Discipulus, i, m. (disco,) a pupil ; 
 a scholar. 
 
 Disco, discere, didici, a. to learn. 
 
 Discordia, se, f. (discors,) dis- 
 sension ; disagreement; dis- 
 cord. 
 
 Discordo, are, avi, atum, n. to 
 be at variance ; to differ. 
 
 Discrepo, are, avi or ui, Itum, n. 
 (dis & crepo,) to differ; to 
 disagree. 
 
 Diserte, adv. (ius, issime,) clear 
 ly ; eloquently. 
 
DISPUTATIO DODONA. 
 
 175 
 
 Disputatio, onis, f. a dispute ; a 
 discourse ; a discussion ; from 
 
 Disputo, are, avi, atum, a. (dis 
 &, puto,) to discourse ; to dis- 
 pute; to discuss. 
 
 Dissemino, are, avi, atum, a. 
 (dis & semlno,) to spread 
 abroad; to scatter; to pro- 
 mulgate. 
 
 Dissero, -serere, -serui, -sertum, 
 a. (dis & sero,) to discourse ; 
 to reason ; to debate ; to say. 
 
 Dissidium, i, n. a disagreement ; 
 a dissension. 
 
 Dissimllis, e, adj. unlike; dis- 
 similar. 
 
 Distans, tis, part, (disto,) differ- 
 ing ; distant; being divided, 
 or separated. 
 
 Distinguo, -stinguere, -stinxi, 
 -stinctum, a. (di & stinguo,) 
 to distinguish; to mark; to 
 adorn ; to variegate ; to spot ; 
 to sprinkle. 
 
 Disto, stare, n. (di & sto,) to be 
 distant or apart ; to be divid- 
 ed ; to differ. 
 
 Distribuo, -tribuere, -tribui, -tri- 
 butum, a. (dis & tribuo,) to 
 distribute ; to divide. 
 
 Ditis, e, adj. (ior, isslmus,) rich. 
 
 Diu, adv. (utius, utisslme, § 394,) 
 long ; for a long time : tam 
 diu — quam diu, so long — as. 
 
 Diurnus, a, um, adj. daily. 
 
 Diutlnus, a, um, adj. lasting; 
 long. 
 
 Diuturmtas, atis, f. long contin- 
 uance ; duration. 
 
 Diuturnus, a, um, adj. long; last- 
 ing. 
 
 Divello, -vellere, -velli or -vulsi, 
 -vulsum, a. (di & vello,) to 
 separate; to disjoin; to tear 
 
 off. 
 
 Diversus, a, um, adj. different. 
 
 Dives, Itis, adj. rich; wealthy; 
 fertile ; fruitful. 
 
 Divido, dividere, divlsi, divisum, 
 a. to divide ; to distribute ; to 
 separate. 
 
 Divinus, a, um, adj. divine; heav- 
 enly. 
 
 Divisus, a, um, part, (divido.) 
 
 Divitise, arum, f. pi. riches; 
 wealth. 
 
 Divulsus, a, um, part (divello.) 
 
 Do, dare, dedi, datum, a. to give ; 
 to grant ; to surrender : poe- 
 nas, to suffer punishment: 
 crimlni, to impute as a crime ; 
 to accuse : finem, to termi- 
 nate : causam, to occasion : 
 nomen, to give name. 
 
 Doceo, ere, ui, turn, a. to teach. 
 
 Docilitas, atis, f. docility ; teach- 
 ableness. 
 
 Doctrina, se, f. instruction ; edu- 
 cation ; doctrine. 
 
 Doctus, a, um, part & adj. 
 (doceo,) taught ; learned. 
 
 Dodona, ©, f. a town and forest 
 ofEplrus, where were a temple 
 and oracle of Jupiter 
 
 15 
 
176 
 
 DOLEO DUX. 
 
 Doleo, ere, ui, n. to grieve; to 
 sorrow ; to be in pain. 
 
 Dolor, oris, m. pain ; sorrow ; 
 grief. 
 
 Dolus, i, m. a device; a trick; 
 a stratagem ; guile ; arti- 
 fice. 
 
 Domestlcus, a, um, adj. (domus,) 
 domestic. 
 
 Domicilium, i, n. a habitation; 
 a house ; an abode. 
 
 Domina, se, f. (domlnus,) a mis- 
 tress. 
 
 Dominatio, onis, f. government ; 
 power ; dominion; usurpa- 
 tion ; domination ; despotism. 
 
 Domlnus, i, m. master; owner; 
 lord. 
 
 Domitus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Domo, are, ui, Itum, a. to sub- 
 due; to tame; to overpower; 
 to conquer ; to vanquish. 
 
 Domus, us & i, f. § 89, 1 ; a 
 house : domi, at home : domo, 
 from home : domum, home. 
 
 Donee, adv. until ; as long as. 
 
 Dono, are, avi, atum, a. (donum,) 
 to give ; to present. 
 
 Donum, i, n. a gift; an offering; 
 a present. 
 
 Dormio, Ire, Ivi, itum, n. to 
 sleep. 
 
 Dorsum, i, n. the back. 
 
 Dos, dotis, f. a portion ; a dowry. 
 
 Draco, onis, m. a dragon; a 
 svecies of serpent. 
 
 Druldse, arum, m. pi. Druids, 
 
 priests of the ancient Britons 
 and Gauls. 
 
 Dubitatio, onis, f. a doubt; hesi- 
 tation; question; from 
 
 Dublto, are, avi, atum, n. to hesi- 
 tate ; to doubt. 
 
 Ducenti, se, a, num. adj. pi. two 
 hundred. 
 
 Duco, cere, xi, ctum, a. to lead; 
 to conduct : uxorem, to take a 
 wife ; to marry : exequias, to 
 perform funeral riles; mu- 
 rum, to build a wall. 
 
 Ductus, a, um, part. led. 
 
 Duillius, i, m ^Caius,) a Roman 
 commander, who first con- 
 quered the Carthaginians in 
 a naval engagement. 
 
 Dulcis, e, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 siveet ; pleasant. 
 
 Dum, adv. & conj. while; whilst; 
 as long as ; until. 
 
 Duo, as, o, num. adj. pi. § 118, 1, 
 two. 
 
 Duodecim, num. adj. ind. pi. 
 twelve. 
 
 Duodecimus, a, um, num. adj. 
 the twelfth. 
 
 Duodeviginti, num. adj. ind. pi. 
 § 118, 4 ; eighteen. 
 
 Duritia, 89, & Durities, ei, f. 
 § 101, 1 ; hardness ; from 
 
 Durus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 hard; severe; harsh; unfa- 
 vorable. 
 
 Dux, cis, c. a leader; a guide 
 a commander 
 
 
E. ELAUOR. 
 
 177 
 
 E. 
 
 E, ex, prep, out of; from ; of; 
 among. 
 
 Ea. See Is. 
 
 Eblbo, -bibere, -blbi, -bibitum, a. 
 (e & bibo,) to drink up. 
 
 Ebrietas, atis, f. (ebrius,) drunk- 
 enness. 
 
 Ebur, oris, n. ivory. 
 
 Edico, -dicere, -dixi, -dictum, a. 
 (e & dico,) to proclaim; to 
 announce ; to publish ; to or- 
 der. 
 
 Edldi. See Edo. 
 
 Editus, a, urn, part, published; 
 uttered; produced; from 
 
 Edo, -dere, -dldi, -dltum, a. to 
 publish; to cause; to occa- 
 sion ; to produce ; to make : 
 spectaculum edere, to give an 
 exhibition. 
 
 Edo, edere or esse, edi, esum, 
 irr. a. § 181 ; to eat ; to con- 
 sume. 
 
 Educatus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Educo, are, avi, atum, a. to edu- 
 cate ; to instruct. 
 
 Educo, -ducere, -duxi, -ductum, 
 a. (e & duco,} to lead forth; 
 to bring forth ; to produce ; 
 to draw out. 
 
 Efficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum, 
 a. (e & facio,) to effect; to 
 make; to form; to cause; to 
 accomplish. 
 
 Effigies, iei, f. an image ; an effigy. 
 
 Efflo, are, avi, atum, a. (e & flo,) 
 to breathe out: anlmam, to 
 die ; to expire. 
 
 ErTugio, -fugere, -fugi, -fugitum, 
 a. & n. (e & fugio,) to escape ; 
 to fly from; to flee. 
 
 EfFundo, -fundere, -fudi, -fusum, 
 a. (e & fundo,) to pour out ; 
 to spill; to discharge; to 
 waste ; to overflow ; to extend 
 or spread. 
 
 Effusus, a, um, part, poured out; 
 wasted. 
 
 Egeria, se, f. a nymph of the 
 Jlricinian grove, from whom 
 JYuma professed to receive in- 
 structions respecting religious 
 rites. 
 
 Egero, -gerere, -gessi, -gestum, 
 a. (e & gero,) to carry out ; 
 to cast forth ; to throw out. 
 
 Egestus, a, um, part. 
 
 Egi. See Ago. 
 
 Ego, mei, subs. pro. J; § 133. 
 
 Egredior, -gredi, -gressus sum, 
 dep. (e & gradior,) to go out; 
 to overflow ; to go beyond. 
 
 Egregie, adv. in a distinguished 
 manner; excellently ; famous- 
 ly ; from 
 
 Egregius, a, um, adj. (e & 
 grex,) distinguished ; emi- 
 nent; choice. 
 
 Egressus, a, um, part (egredior.) 
 
 Ejusmodi, pro. (genitive of is & 
 modus, § 134, 5,) such; such 
 like ; of the same sort. 
 
 Elabor, -labi, -lapsus sum, dep. 
 
178 
 
 ELAPSUS- -EPHIALTES. 
 
 (e & labor,) to glide away ; 
 
 to escape. 
 Elapsus, a, um, part, having 
 
 passed. 
 Elephantis, idis, f. an island and 
 
 city in the southern part of 
 
 Egypt. 
 Elephantus, i, & Elephas, antis, 
 
 m. an elephant. 
 Eleusinii, orum, m. pi. the Eleu- 
 
 sinians ; the inhabitants of 
 
 Eleusis. 
 Eleusis & -in, Inis, f. a town of 
 
 Attica, sacred to Ceres. 
 Elido, -lidere, -lisi, -lisum, a. (e 
 
 & lsedo,) to crush. 
 Efrgo, -ligere, -legi, -lectum, a. 
 
 (e & lego,) to choose; to se- 
 lect. 
 Eloquens, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
 
 (eloquor,) eloquent. 
 Eloquentia, ea, f. eloquence. 
 Eloquor, -loqui, -locutus sum, 
 
 dep. (e & loquor,) to say ; to 
 
 declare ; to tell. 
 Eluceo, -lucere, -luxi, n. (e & 
 
 luceo,) to shine forth. 
 Emergo, -mergere, -mersi, -mer- 
 
 sum, n. (e & mergo,) to 
 
 emerge ; to come out ; to rise 
 
 up. 
 Emineo, ere, ui, n. to be eminent ; 
 
 to rise above; to be conspicu- 
 ous ; to be distinguished ; to 
 
 appear, 
 Emitto, -mittere, -mlsi, -missum, 
 
 a. (e & mitto,) to send forth ; 
 
 to discharge. 
 
 Emo, emere, emi, emptum, a. to 
 buy; to purchase. 
 
 Emorior, -mori or -moriri, -mor- 
 tuus sum, dep. to die. 
 
 Emptus, a, um, part, (emo.) 
 
 Enascor, -nasci, -natus sum, 
 dep. to arise ; to be born ; to 
 spring from. 
 
 Enatus, a, um, part, born of. 
 
 Eneco, -necare, -necavi or -necui, 
 -necatum or -nectum, a. (e & 
 neco,) to kill. 
 
 Enervo, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 enervate ; to enfeeble ; to weak- 
 en. 
 
 Enim, conj. § 279, 3 ; for ; but ; 
 truly; indeed. 
 
 Enna, ae, f. a town of Sicily. 
 
 Ennius, i, m. a very ancient Ro- 
 man poet. 
 
 Enuntio, are, avi, atum, a. to pro- 
 claim ; to disclose ; to divulge. 
 
 Eo, ire, ivi, itum, irr. n. § 182: 
 to go. 
 
 E6, adv. thither ; to that degree ; 
 to that pitch ; to that degree 
 of eminence. 
 
 Eous, i, m. the morning star. 
 
 Eous, a, um, adj. eastern; the 
 eastern. 
 
 Epaminondas, as, m. a distin- 
 guished Theban general. 
 
 Ephesus, i, m. a city on the west- 
 ern coast of Ionia, near the 
 river Cayster. 
 
 Ephialtes, is, m. a giant, the son 
 of Neptune or of Aloeus, and 
 brother of Off)s 
 
EPIMENIDES- — EUROPA. 
 
 179 
 
 Epimenldes, is, m. a poet of 
 
 Gnossus, in Crete. 
 Epirus, i, f. a country in the 
 
 western part of Greece. 
 Epistola, se, f. an epistle ; a let- 
 ter. 
 Epulor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 
 feast ; to feast upon; to eat; 
 
 from 
 Epulum, i, n. sing., & Epulse, 
 
 arum, f. pi. a banquet; a 
 
 feast. 
 Eques, itis, m. (equus,) a knight ; 
 
 a horseman : equltes, pi. 
 
 knights ; horsemen ; cavalry. 
 Equidem, conj. (ego & quidem,) 
 
 indeed ; I for my part. 
 Equitatus, us, m. cavalry. 
 Equus, i, m. a horse. 
 Eram, Ero, &c. See § 153. 
 Ereptus, a, um, part, (eripio.) 
 Erga, prep, towards. 
 Ergo, conj. § 198, 6 ; therefore. 
 Erinaceus, i, m. a hedgehog. 
 Eripio, -ripere, -ripui, -reptum, 
 
 a. (e & rapio,) to tear from ; 
 
 to take from ; to rescue ; to 
 
 take away ; to deliver. 
 Erro, are, avi, atum, n. to wander; 
 
 to err ; to stray ; to roam. 
 Erodo, -rodere, -rosi, -rosum, a. 
 
 (e & rodo,) to gnaw away; 
 
 to consume ; to eat into. 
 Erudio, ire, Ivi, itum, a. (e & ru- 
 
 dis,) to instruct; to form. 
 Eruditio, onis, f. instruction; 
 
 learning. 
 Erudftus, a, um, part, (erudio.) 
 
 Esse, Essem, &c. See Sum. 
 
 Esuriens, tis, part, hungry ; be- 
 ing hungry. 
 
 Esurio, Ire, Ivi, Itum, n. to be 
 hungry. 
 
 Et, conj. § 198, 1 ; and ; also ; 
 even : et — et, both — and. 
 
 Etiam, conj. (et & jam,) also; 
 especially ; with an adjective 
 or adverb in the comparative 
 degree, even. 
 
 Etruria, 8e, f. a country of Italy, 
 north and west of the Tiber ; 
 Tuscany. 
 
 Etrusci, orum, m. pi. the people 
 of Etruria; the Tuscans or 
 Etrurians. 
 
 Etruscus, a, um, adj. belonging 
 to Etruria ; Tuscan or Etru- 
 rian. 
 
 Eubcea, ae, f. a large island 
 in the Mgean sea, near Bozo- 
 tia. 
 
 Eumenes, is, m. a general in 
 Alexander's army; also, the 
 name of several kings ofPer- 
 gamus. 
 
 Euphemus, i, m. the father of 
 DcBdalus. 
 
 Euphrates, is, m. a large river 
 which forms the western boun- 
 dary of Mesopotamia. 
 
 Euripides, is, m. a celebrated 
 Athenian tragic poet. 
 
 Euripus, i, m. a narrow strait 
 between Bceotia and Eubaza. 
 
 Europa, 8e, f. the daughter of 
 Agenor, king of Phoenicia. 
 
180 
 
 EUROT AS EXC OLO . 
 
 From her, Europe, one of the 
 quarters of the earth, is sup- 
 posed to have been named. 
 
 Eurotas, ge, m. a river of Laco- 
 nia, near Spaiia. 
 
 Euxinus, i, m. (from Evgswog, 
 hospitable,) (pontus,) the Eux- 
 ine, now the Black sea. 
 
 Evado, -vadere, -vasi, -vasum, 
 a. & n. (e & vado,) to go out ; 
 to escape; to become. 
 
 Everto, -vertere, -verti, -versum, 
 a. (e & verto,) to overturn; 
 to destroy. 
 
 Eversus, a, um, part, overturned ; 
 destroyed. 
 
 Evoco, are, avi, atum, a. (e & 
 voco,) to call out ; to summon ; 
 to implore. 
 
 Evolo, are, avi, atum, n. (e & 
 volo,) to fly out or away. 
 
 Evomo, -vomere, -vomui, -vomi- 
 tum, a. (e & vomo,) to vomit 
 forth; to eructate; to dis- 
 charge. 
 
 Ex, prep. See E. 
 
 Exactus, a, um, part, (exigo,) 
 banished ; driven away. 
 
 Exeequo, are, avi, atum, a. (ex & 
 sequo,) to equal. 
 
 Exanimo, are, avi, atum, a. (ex & 
 anima,) to kill ; to deprive of 
 life ; to render lifeless. 
 
 Exardesco, -ardescere, -arsi, inc. 
 to burn; to become inflamed; 
 to kindle ; to become excited ; 
 to be enraged: bellum exar- 
 sit, a war broke out 
 
 Exaspero, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 
 exasperate ; to incense. 
 Excseco, are, avi, atum, a. (ex 
 
 & csecus,) to blind ; to make 
 
 blind. 
 Excedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum, 
 
 n. (ex & cedo,) to depart ; to 
 
 exceed ; to surpass ; to go be- 
 yond. 
 Excello, -celere, -celui, -celsum, 
 
 n. (ex & cello,) to be high ; 
 
 to excel ; to be eminent. 
 Excelsus, a, um, adj. high ; lofty. 
 Excidium, i, n. (ex & csedo,) a 
 
 destruction; ruin. 
 Excldo, -cidere, cidi, n. (ex & 
 
 cado,) to fall ; to fall out or 
 
 from; to drop. 
 Excldo, -cidere, -cidi, -cisum, a. 
 
 (ex & csedo,) to cut out; to 
 
 cut down ; to hew out. 
 Excisus, a, um, part. 
 Excipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptum, 
 
 a. (ex & capio,) to sustain; 
 
 to receive ; to support ; to fol- 
 low ; to succeed. 
 Excitandus, a, um, part, from 
 Excito, are, avi, atum, a. freq. 
 
 (excieo,) to excite ; to awaken : 
 
 to arouse ; to stir up. 
 Exclamo, are, avi, atum, a. (ex & 
 
 clamo,) to cry out ; to exclaim. 
 Excludo, -cludere, -clusi, -clu- 
 
 sum, a. (ex & claudo,) to 
 
 exclude ; to hatch. 
 Excolo, -colere, -colui, -cultum, 
 
 a. (ex & colo,) to cultivate 
 
 to exercise 
 
EXCRUCIO EXPETO. 
 
 181 
 
 Excrucio, are, avi, atum, a. (ex 
 & crucio,) to torment; to 
 trouble. 
 
 Excubise, arum, f. pi. (excubo,) a 
 guard; a watch; a sentinel. 
 
 Excusatio, onis, f. (excuso,) an 
 excusing ; an excuse ; an apol- 
 ogy- 
 
 Exedo, -edere & -esse, -edi, 
 
 -esum, irr. a. (ex & edo, § 181,) 
 to eat ; to eat up ; to devour. 
 
 Exemplum, i, n. an example ; an 
 instance. 
 
 Exequise. See Exsequise. 
 
 Exerceo, ere, ui, Itum, a. (ex & 
 arceo,) to exercise; to train; 
 to discipline ; to practise : 
 agrum, to cultivate the earth : 
 dominationem, to be tyranni- 
 cal. 
 
 Exercltus, us, m. an army. 
 
 Exhaurio, -haurire, -hausi, -haus- 
 tum, a. (ex & haurio,) to ex- 
 haust ; to drain; to wear out; 
 to impoverish. 
 
 Exlgo, -igere, -egi, -actum, a. (ex 
 & ago,) to drive away; to 
 banish. 
 
 Exiguus,a,um, adj. small ; scanty. 
 
 Exilis, e, adj. slender ; small ; thin. 
 
 Exilium, i, n. (ex & solum,) ex- 
 ile ; banishment. 
 
 Eximie, adv. remarkably ; very ; 
 from 
 
 Eximius, a, um, adj. (eximo,) ex- 
 traordinary ; remarkable. 
 
 Existimatio, onis, f. opinion; 
 reputation; respect; from 
 
 Existlmo, are, avi, atum, a. (ex 
 & sestimo,) to believe ; to 
 think; to imagine; to sup- 
 pose. 
 
 Exitium, i, n. (exeo,) destruction ; 
 ruin. 
 
 Exitus, us, m. an exit ; the event ; 
 the issue ; an outlet. 
 
 Exoratus, a, um, part, (exoro,) 
 entreated ; influenced ; in- 
 duced. 
 
 Exorior, -oriri, -ortus sum, dep. 
 § 177, (ex & orior,) to rise; 
 to arise ; to appear. 
 
 Exorno, are, avi, atum, a. (ex & 
 orno,) to adorn ; to deck. 
 
 Exoro, are, avi, atum, a. (ex & 
 oro,) to entreat or beseech 
 earnestly. § 197, 5. 
 
 Exortus, a, um, part, (exorior,) 
 risen ; having arisen. 
 
 Expecto or -specto, are, avi, 
 atiim, a. (ex & specto,) to 
 look for; to wait for. 
 
 Expedio, ire, ivi, itum, a. (ex & 
 pes,) to free ; to extricate : 
 expedit, imp. it is ft ; it is 
 expedient. 
 
 Expeditio, onis, f. an expedition. 
 
 Expello, -pellere, -puli, -pulsum, 
 a. (ex & pello,) to expel ; to 
 banish. 
 
 Expers, tis, adj. (ex & pars,) 
 without; devoid; void of ; des- 
 titute of. 
 
 Expeto, ere, ivi, itum, a. (ex & 
 peto,) to ask; to demand; to 
 strive after ; to seek earnestly. 
 
182 
 
 EXPIO FABRICIUS. 
 
 *^xpio, are, avi, atum, a. (ex & 
 
 pio,) to expiate ; to appease, 
 Expleo, ere, evi, etum, a. (ex & 
 
 pleo,) to JUL 
 Explico, are, avi & ui, atum & 
 
 ltum, a. (ex & plico,) to un- 
 fold ; to spread ; to explain. 
 Explorator, oris, m. (exploro,) a 
 
 spy ; a scout. 
 Expolio, Ire, ivi, ltum, a. (ex & 
 
 polio,) to polish; to adorn; 
 
 to improve ; to finish. 
 Expono, -ponere, -posui, -posi- 
 
 tum, a. to explain; to set 
 forth ; to expose. 
 Exprobro, are, avi, atum, a. (ex 
 
 & probrum,) to upbraid; to 
 
 blame; to reproach; to cast 
 
 in one's teeth. 
 Expugno, are, avi, atum, a. (ex 
 
 & pugno,) to take by assault ; 
 
 to conquer; to vanquish; to 
 
 subdue ; to take by storm. 
 Expulsus, a, um, part, (expello.) 
 Exsequias, arum, f. pi. (exse- 
 
 quor,) funeral lites. 
 Exsilio, or Exilio, ire, ii & ui n 
 
 (ex & salio,) to spring up or 
 
 out; to leap forth. 
 Exspiro or -piro, are, avi, atum, 
 
 a. (ex & spiro,) to breathe 
 forth ; to expire ; to die. 
 Exstinctus, or Extinctus, a, um, 
 
 part, dead ; from 
 Exstinguo, -stinguere, -stinxi, 
 
 -stinctum, a. (ex & stinguo,) 
 
 to extinguish ; to kill ; to put 
 
 to death ; to destroy. 
 
 Exstructus, or Extructus, a, um 
 part, from 
 
 Exstruo, or Extruo, -struere 
 -struxi, -structum, a. (ex & 
 struo,) to build; to pile up 
 to construct. 
 
 Exsurgo, -surgere, -surrexi, -sur- 
 rectum, n. (ex & surgo,) to 
 rise up ; to arise ; to swell ; 
 to surge. 
 
 Exter, or Exterus, a, um, adj. 
 § 125, 4, (exterior, extimus or 
 extremus,) foreign ; strange ; 
 outward. 
 
 Exto, extare, extiti, u. (ex & sto,) 
 to be ; to remain ; to be extant. 
 
 Extorqueo, -torquere, -torsi, -tor- 
 turn, a. (ex & torqueo,) to ex- 
 tort; to wrest from: to obtain 
 by force. 
 
 Extra, prep, teyond ; without; 
 except 
 
 Extractus &, um, part, from 
 
 ExtrSho -trahere, -traxi, -trac- 
 xum, a. (ex & traho,) to draw 
 out ; to extract ; to extricate ; 
 to free ; to rescue ; to liberate. 
 
 Extremus, a, um, adj. (sup. of 
 exterus,) extreme; the last; 
 the farthest. 
 
 F. 
 
 Fab a, se, f. a bean. 
 
 Fabius, i, m. the name of an il- 
 lustrious Roman family. 
 
 Fabricius, i, m. a Roman, dis- 
 tinguished for his integrity. 
 
FABR1C0 FAUSTULUS. 
 
 183 
 
 Fabrico, are, avi, atum, a. (faber,) 
 to make ; to forge ; to manu- 
 facture, 
 
 Fabula, se, f. (fari,) a story; a 
 fable ; a tradition ; a play. 
 
 Fabulosus, a, urn, adj. fabulous. 
 
 Faciendus, a, um, part, (facio.) 
 
 Faciens, tis, part (facio.) 
 
 Facies, iei, f. a face ; appear- 
 ance. 
 
 Facile, adv. (ius, lime,) easily; 
 willingly; clearly; undoubt- 
 edly; from 
 
 Facllis, e. adj. (facio,) easy. 
 
 Facinus, oris, n. a deed ; a crime ; 
 an exploit ; from 
 
 Facio, facere, feci, factum, a. to 
 do ; to make ; to value : fa- 
 cere iter, to perform a jour- 
 ney ; to travel: male facere, 
 to injure ; to hurt : sacra fa- 
 cere, to offer sacrifice : facere 
 pluris, to value higher: fac, 
 take care ; cause. 
 
 Factum, i, n. an action ; a 
 deed. 
 
 Facturus, a, um, part, (facio.) 
 
 Factus, a, um, part made ; done : 
 facta obviam, meeting : praeda 
 facta, having been taken. 
 
 Facundus, a, um, adj. eloquent. 
 
 Falerii, orum, m. pi. a town of 
 Etruria. 
 
 Falernus, i, m. a mountain of 
 Campania, famous for its 
 urine. 
 
 Falernus, a, um, adj. belonging 
 to Falernus ; Falernian. 
 16 
 
 Falisci, orum, m. pi. the inhab» 
 Hants of Falerii. 
 
 Fama, as, f. fame; reputation; 
 report. 
 
 Famelicus, a, um, adj. hungry ; 
 from 
 
 Fames, is, f. hunger ; famine. 
 
 Familia, se, f. a family ; servants. 
 
 Familiaris, e, adj. of the same 
 family ; familiar. 
 
 Familiaritas, atis, f. friendship; 
 intimacy; confidence. 
 
 Familiariter, adv. familiarly ; on 
 terms of intimacy. 
 
 Famula, ee, f. a maid; a female 
 servant or slave. 
 
 Fas, n. ind. right ; a lawful thing. 
 
 Fascis, is, m. a bundle ; a fag- 
 ot : fasces, pi. bundles of 
 birchen rods, carried before 
 the Roman magistrates, with 
 an axe bound up in the mid- 
 dle of them. 
 
 Fatalis, e, adj. fatal ; ordained 
 by fate. 
 
 Fateor, fateri, fassus sum, dep. 
 to confess. 
 
 Fatidicus, a, um, adj. (fatum & 
 dico,) prophetic. 
 
 Fatigatus, a, um, part from 
 
 Fatigo, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 weary. 
 
 Fatum, i, n. fate ; destiny : fata, 
 pi. the fates. 
 
 Fauce, abl. f. the throat : pi. fau- 
 ces, the throat ; the jaws ; the 
 straits. (§ 94.) 
 
 Faustulus, i, m. the shepherd by 
 
184 
 
 FAVEO FINDO. 
 
 whom Romulus and Remus 
 were brought up. 
 
 Faveo, favere, favi, fautum, n. 
 to favor. 
 
 Favor, oris, m. favor ; good will ; 
 partiality; applause. 
 
 Febris, is, f. a fever. 
 
 Feci. See Facio. 
 
 Felicitas, atis, f. (felix, § 101, 1,) 
 felicity ; good fortune ; happi- 
 ness. 
 
 Feliclter, adv. (ius, issime,)/or- 
 tunately ; happily ; success- 
 fully. 
 
 Felis, is, f. a cat. 
 
 Felix, icis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
 happy ; fortunate ; fruitful ; 
 fertile; opulent; auspicious; 
 favorable. 
 
 Femina, se, f. a female ; a woman. 
 
 Femineus, a, urn, adj. female; 
 feminine; pertaining to fe- 
 males. 
 
 Fera, se, f. a wild beast. 
 
 Ferax, acis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
 (fero,) fruitful; productive; 
 fertile ; abounding in. 
 
 Fere, adv. almost; nearly ; about: 
 fere nullus, scarcely any one. 
 
 Ferens, tis, part, (fero.) 
 
 Ferinus, a, urn, adj. (fera,) of 
 wild beasts. 
 
 Fero, ferre, tuli, latum, irr. a. to 
 bear ; to carry ; to relate ; to 
 bring ; to produce : ferre ma- 
 num, to stretch forth ; to ex- 
 tend : ferunt, they say. 
 
 Feror, ferri, latus sum, pass, to 
 
 be carried ; to flow ; to move 
 
 rapidly ; to fly : fertur, imp. 
 it is said. 
 
 Ferox, ocis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
 wild; fierce; savage; fero- 
 cious. 
 
 Ferreus, a, um, adj. iron ; ob- 
 durate; from 
 
 Ferrum, i, n. iron ; a sword ; a 
 knife. 
 
 Fertilis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
 (fero,) fert He ; fruitful. 
 
 Fertilitas, atis, f. fertility ; rich- 
 ness ; f wilfulness. 
 
 Ferula, se, f. a staff; a reed. 
 
 Ferus, a, um, adj. wild ; rude ; un- 
 cultivated; uncivilized; sav- 
 age. 
 
 Ferveo, fervere, ferbui, n. to boil; 
 to seethe; to foam; to be hot; 
 to glow. 
 
 Fessus, a, um, adj. weary ; tired ■ 
 fatigued. 
 
 Festum, i, n. a feast; from 
 
 Festus, a, um, adj. festive ; joy- 
 ful ; merry. 
 
 Ficus, i & us, f. a fig-tree ; a fig. 
 
 Fidelis, e, adj. faithful ; from 
 
 Fides, ei, f. fidelity ; faith : in fi- 
 dem, in confirmation : in fidem 
 accipere, to receive under one's 
 protection. 
 
 Figo, figere, fixi, fixum, a. to 
 fix; to fasten. 
 
 Filia, 89, f. § 43, 2 ; a daughter. 
 
 Filius, i, m. § 52 ; a son. 
 
 Findo, findere, fidi, fissum, a. 
 to split ; to cleave. 
 
FINGENS FOREM. 
 
 185 
 
 Fingens, tis, part, feigning; 
 pretending; from 
 
 Fingo, fingere, finxi, fictum, a. 
 to pretend ; to devise ; to 
 feign; to form; to make. 
 
 Finio, Ire, Ivi, Itum, a. to end; 
 to finish; to terminate; from 
 
 Finis, is, d. the end; a boun- 
 dary; a limit: fines, m. pi. 
 § 63, 1 ; the limits of a coun- 
 try, &c. 
 
 Finitus, a, um, part (finio.) 
 
 Finitlmus, a, um, adj. (finis,) 
 neighboring. 
 
 Fio, fieri, factus sum, irr. pass. 
 § 180, (facio,) to be made; to 
 become ; to happen : fit, it 
 happens : factum est, it hap- 
 pened ; it came to pass. 
 
 Firmatus, a, um, part (firmo.) 
 
 Firmiter, adv. (ius, issime,) (fir- 
 mus, ) firmly ; securely. 
 
 Firmo, are, avi, atum, a. to con- 
 firm ; to establish ; from 
 
 Firmus, a, um, adj. firm ; strong ; 
 secure. 
 
 Fissus, a, um, part, (findo.) 
 
 Fixus, a, um, part, (figo,) fixed ; 
 permanent. 
 
 Flagello, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 whip ; to scourge ; to lash. 
 
 Flagitiosus, a, um, adj. (ior, issl- 
 mus,) shameful ; infamous ; 
 outrageous ; from 
 
 Flagitium, i, n. a shameful ac- 
 tion ; an outrage ; a crime ; 
 a dishonor; villany. 
 
 Flagro. 
 
 , are, avi, atum, n. to 
 
 burn ; to be on fire ; to suffer ; 
 
 to be oppressed; to be violent. 
 Flaminius, i, m. a Roman. 
 Flavus, a, um, adj. yellow. 
 Flamma, se, f. aflame. 
 Flecto, flectere, flexi, flexum, a, 
 
 to bend ; to bow ; to turn ; to 
 
 move ; to prevail upon. 
 Fleo, ere, evi, etum, a. to weep ; 
 
 to lament. 
 Fletus, us, m. weeping; tears. 
 Flevo, onis, m. a lake near tht 
 
 mouth of the Rhine, now th» 
 
 Zuyder-zee. 
 Flexus, a, um, part (flecto,) bent ; 
 
 changed; turned. 
 Flore o, ere, ui, n. (flos, § 187, 1. 
 
 1,) to bloom; to blossom; to 
 flourish ; to be distinguished. 
 Flos, floris, m. a flower ; a blos- 
 som. 
 Fluctus, us, m. (fluo,) a wave. 
 Fluo, fluere, fluxi, fluxum, n. to 
 
 flow. 
 Fluvius, i, m. a river. 
 Flumen, Inis, n. (fluo,) a river 
 Fodio, fodere, fodi, fossum, a. 
 
 to dig ; to pierce ; to bore. 
 Fcecunditas, atis, f. fruitfulness ; 
 
 from 
 Fcecundus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi* 
 
 mus,) fruitful ; fertile. 
 Fcedus, eris, n. a league ; a treaty 
 Folium, i, n. a leaf. 
 Fons, tis, m. a fountain; a 
 
 source ; a spring. 
 Forem, def. verb, § 154, 3 ; I 
 
 would or should be : fore, to 
 
186 
 
 FORIS FUG A. 
 
 be about to be ; it would or 
 will come to pass* 
 
 Forls, adv. abroad. 
 
 Forma, se, f. a form ; shape ; 
 figure; beauty, 
 
 Formica, ge, f. an ant, 
 
 Formldo, mis, f. fear; dread; 
 terror, 
 
 Formidolosus, a, um, adj. fear- 
 ful ; timorous, 
 
 Formositas, atis, f. beauty ; ele- 
 gance; from 
 
 Formosus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
 mus,) (forma,) beautiful ; hand- 
 some, 
 
 Fortasse, adv. (fors,) perhaps. 
 
 Forte, adv. (fors,) accidentally; 
 by chance, 
 
 Fortis, e, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 bold; brave; courageous, 
 
 Fortlter, adv. (ius, issim&,) (for- 
 tis,) bravely, 
 
 Fortitudo, inis, f. (fortis,) bold- 
 ness ; bravery, 
 
 Fortuna, se, f. (fors,) fortune ; 
 chance. 
 
 Forum, i, n. the market-place ; the 
 forum ; the court of justice. 
 
 Fossa, se, f. (fodio,) a ditch; a 
 trench ; a moat. 
 
 Fovea, se, f. a pit. 
 
 Foveo, fovere, fovi, fotum, a. to 
 keep warm ; to cherish. 
 
 Fractus, a, um, part, (frango.) 
 
 Fragilis, e, adj. (frango,) frail; 
 perishable. 
 
 Fragilitas, atis, f. (fragilis,)/rm7- 
 ty ; weakness. 
 
 Fragmentum, i, n. (frango,) a 
 fragment; apiece. 
 
 Frango, frangere, fregi, frac- 
 tum, a. to break ; to break in 
 pieces; to weaken; to de- 
 stroy. 
 
 Frater, tris, m. a brother. 
 
 Fraudulentus, a, um, adj. (fraus, 
 § 128, 4,) fraudulent ; deceit- 
 ful; treacherous. 
 
 Frequens, tis, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 frequent; numerous. 
 
 Fretum, i, n. a strait ; a sea. 
 
 Frico, fricare, fricui, frictum & 
 fricatum, a. to rub. 
 
 Frigidus, a, um, adj. (ior, issl- 
 mus,) cold ; from 
 
 Frigus, oris, n. cold. 
 
 Frons, frondis, f. a leaf of a tree ; 
 a branch with leaves. 
 
 Fructus, us, m. (fruor,) fruit; 
 produce, 
 
 Frugis, gen. f. (frux, nom. scarce- 
 ly used, § 94,) corn : fruges, 
 um, pi. fruits; the various 
 kinds of corn, 
 
 Frumentum, i, n. (fruor,) corn , 
 wheat, 
 
 Fruor, frui, fruitus & fructus,dep, 
 to enjoy. 
 
 Frustra, adv. in vain ; to no pur- 
 
 Frustratus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Frustror, ari, atus sum, dep. 
 (frustra,) to frustrate ; to de- 
 ceive. 
 
 Frutex, icis, m. a shrub ; a bush 
 
 Fuga, 83, f. a fight. 
 
FUGAX GALLUS. 
 
 187 
 
 Fugax, acis, adj. swift ; fleeting. 
 
 Fugiens, tis, part from 
 
 Fugio, fugere, fugi, fugttum, n. 
 & a. to fly; to escape; to 
 avoid; to flee; to flee. from. 
 
 Fugo, are, avi, atum, a. to put to 
 flight ; to drive off; to chase. 
 
 Fui, Fueram, &c. See Sum. 
 
 Fulgeo, fulgere, fulsi, n. to shine. 
 
 Fuligo, Inis, f. soot. 
 
 Fullo, onis, m. a fuller. 
 
 Fulmen, inis, n. (fulgeo,) thun- 
 der ; a thunderbolt ; light- 
 ning. 
 
 Funale, is, n. (funis,) a torch. 
 
 Fundltus, adv. (fundus,)/rom the 
 foundation ; utterly. 
 
 Fundo, fundere, fudi, fusum, a. 
 to pour out : lacrymas, to shed 
 tears: hostes, to scatter; to 
 rout ; to discomfit. 
 
 Fundus, i, m. the bottom of any 
 thing ; also, a farm ; afield. 
 
 Funestus, a^ um, adj. (ior, issl- 
 mus,) (funus,) fatal ; destruc- 
 tive. 
 
 Fungor, fungi, functus sum, dep. 
 to perform or discharge an of- 
 fice ; to do ; to execute : fato, 
 to die. 
 
 Funis, is, d. a rope ; a cable. 
 
 Funus, eris, n. a funeral ; fune- 
 ral obsequies. 
 
 Fur, furis, c. a thief. 
 
 Furcula, se, f. dim. (furca,) a 
 
 little fork : Furcule Caudi- 
 
 nse, the Caudine Forks, a 
 
 narrow defile in the country 
 
 16* 
 
 of the Hirpini, in Italy, where 
 the Romans were defeated by 
 the Samnites. 
 
 Furiosus, a, um, adj. (furo,) fu- 
 rious ; mad. 
 
 Furius, i, m. the name of several 
 Romans, as of M. Furius Co- 
 millus, a distinguished gen- 
 eral. 
 
 Fusus, a, um, part, (fundo.) 
 
 Futurus, a, um, part (sum,) 
 about to be ; future. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gades, ium, f. pi. the name of an 
 island and town in Spain, 
 near the straits of Gibraltar, 
 now Cadiz. 
 
 Gaditanus, a, um, adj. of Gades 
 or Cadiz : fretum Gaditanum, 
 the straits of Gibraltar. 
 
 Galatia, se, f. a country in the in- 
 terior of Asia Minor. 
 
 Gallia, se, f. Gaul, a country 
 formerly extending from the 
 Pyrenees to the Rhine, and 
 along the northern part of 
 Italy to the Adriatic. 
 
 Gallise, pi. the divisions of Gaul. 
 
 Gallicus, a, um, adj. belonging 
 to Gaul; Gallic. 
 
 Gallina, se, f. a hen. 
 
 Gallinaceus, i, m. a cock. 
 
 Gallus, i, m. a cock. 
 
 Gallus, i, m. an inhabitant of 
 Gallia ; a Gaul ; also, a cog- 
 nomen of several Romans 
 
188 
 
 GANGES— -GLALIUS. 
 
 Ganges, is, m. the name of a 
 large river in India, 
 
 Garumna, se, f. the Garonne, a 
 river of Aquitania. 
 
 Gaudeo, gaudere, gavlsus sum, 
 n. pass. § 142, 2 ; to rejoice ; 
 to delight ; to he pleased with, 
 
 Gaudium, i, n.joy ; gladness. 
 
 Gavisus, a, urn, part, (gaudeo,) 
 rejoicing ; having rejoiced. 
 
 Geminus, a, um, adj. double : 
 gemini filii, twin sons. 
 
 Gemmatus, a, um, part, adorned 
 ivithgems; gemmed; glitter- 
 ing. 
 
 Gemmo, are, avi, atum, a. (gem- 
 ma,) to adorn with gems. 
 
 Gener, eri, m. § 46; a son-in- 
 law. 
 
 Genero, are, avi, atum, a. (ge- 
 nus,) to beget ; to produce. 
 
 Generositas, atis, f. nobleness of 
 mind ; magnanimity ; from 
 
 Generosus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
 mus,) noble; spirited; brave; 
 generous ; fruitful ; fertile. 
 
 Genitus, a, um, part (gigno,) 
 born; produced. 
 
 Gens, tis, f. a nation; a tribe; 
 a family ; a clan. 
 
 Genui. See Gigno. 
 
 Genus, eris, n. a race ; a family ; 
 a sort or kind. 
 
 Geometria, se, f. geometry. 
 
 Gerens, tis, part, (gero,) bearing ; 
 conducting. 
 
 Germanus, i, m. a German ; an 
 inhabitant of Germany. 
 
 Germania, se, f. Germany. 
 
 Germanicus, a, um, adj. Ger- 
 man ; of Germany. 
 
 Gero, gerere, gessi, gestum, a. 
 to bear ; to carry ; to do : res 
 eas gessit, performed such 
 exploits : odium, to hate : onus, 
 to bear a burden : bellum, to 
 wage or carry on war: res 
 prospere gesta est, affairs 
 were managed successfully, 
 or a successful battle was 
 fought. 
 
 Gerjon, m. a giant who was 
 slain by Hercules, and whose 
 oxen were driven into Greece. 
 
 Gestans, tis, part, from 
 
 Gesto, are, avi, atum, freq. (ge- 
 ro,) to bear ; to can^y about. 
 
 Gestus, a, um, part, borne ; per- 
 formed: res gestae, see Res. 
 
 Getae, arum, m. pi. a savage 
 people of Dacia, noiih of the 
 Danube. 
 
 Gigas, antis, m. a giant 
 
 Gigno, gignere, genui, genitum, 
 a. to bring forth ; to bear ; to 
 beget; to produce. 
 
 Glaber, bra, brum, adj. bald; 
 bare ; smooth. 
 
 Glacialis, e, adj. icy; freezing. 
 
 Glacies, ei, f. ice. 
 
 Gladiator, oris, m. (gladius,) a 
 gladiator. 
 
 Gladiatorius, a, um, adj. belong 
 ing to a gladiator; gladia 
 torial; from 
 
 Gladius, i, m. a stuord 
 
GLANS HABEO. 
 
 189 
 
 Glans, dis, f. mast ; an acorn. 
 
 Glisco, ere, n. to increase. 
 
 Gloria, se, f. glory ; fame. 
 
 Glorior, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 hoast. 
 
 Gorgias, ee, m. a celebrated soph- 
 ist and orator. He was born 
 at Leontini, in Sicily, and was 
 hence sumamed Leontinus. 
 
 Gracilis, e, adj. (ior, llmus, § 125, 
 2,) slender ; lean ; delicate. 
 
 Gracchus, i, m. the name of an 
 illustrious Roman family. 
 
 Gradior, gradi, gressus sum, dep. 
 to go ; to walk. 
 
 Gradus, us, m. a step ; a stair. 
 
 Graecia, Ee, f. Greece. 
 
 Greecus, a, um, adj. Grecian; 
 Greek: — subs, a Greek. 
 
 Grandis, e, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 large ; great. 
 
 Granicus, i, m. a river of Mysia, 
 emptying into the Propontis. 
 
 Grassor, ari, atus sum, dep. 
 freq. (gradior,) to advance ; to 
 march; to proceed; to make 
 an attack. 
 
 Grates, f. pi. (gratus,) § 194 ; 
 thanks : agere grates, to 
 thank. 
 
 Gratia, Ee, f. (gratus,) grace; 
 favor ; thanks ; return ; re- 
 quital ; gratitude : habere, to 
 feel indebted or obliged ; to be 
 grateful: in gratiam, in fa- 
 vor of : gratia, for the sake. 
 
 Gratulatus, a, um, part, having 
 congratulated; from 
 
 Gratulor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 congratulate; from 
 
 Gratus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 acceptable; pleasing; grate 
 ful. 
 
 Gravis, e, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 heavy; severe; great; grave; 
 important; violent; unwhole- 
 some ; noxious : gravis son> 
 nus, sound sleep. 
 
 Gra vitas, atis, f. heaviness ; grav- 
 ity ; weight. 
 
 Graviter, adv. (ius, isslme,) hard- 
 ly ; heavily; g?-ievously ; se- 
 verely. 
 
 Gravo, are, avi, atum, a. to load ; 
 to oppress ; to burden. 
 
 Gregatim, adv. (grex,) in herds. 
 
 Gressus, us, m. (gradior,) a 
 step ; a pace ; a gait. 
 
 Grex, gis, c. a flock ; a herd ; a 
 company. 
 
 Grus, gruis, c. a crane. 
 
 Gubernator, oris, m. (guberno,) 
 a pilot ; a ruler. 
 
 Gyarus, i, f. one of the Cycla- 
 des. 
 
 Gyges, is, m. a rich king of 
 Lydia. 
 
 Gymnosophistee, arum, m. Gym^ 
 nosophists ; a sect of Indian 
 philosophers. 
 
 H. 
 
 Habens, tis, part, from 
 Habeo, ere, ui, Itum, a. to have ; to 
 possess; to hold; to esteem 
 
190 
 
 HABITO HELLESPONTUS. 
 
 to suppose; to take: habere 
 consilium, to deliberate. 
 
 Habito, are, avi, atum, freq. (ha- 
 beo,) to dwell; to inhabit. 
 
 Habiturus, a, um, part, (habeo.) 
 
 Habitus, a, um, part (habeo.) 
 
 Habitus, us, m. habit; form; 
 dress; attire; manner. 
 
 Hactenus, adv. (hie & terms,) 
 hitherto; thus far. 
 
 Hadrianus, i, m. Adrian, the fif- 
 teenth emperor of Rome. 
 
 Hsemus, i, m. a mountain of 
 Thrace, from whose top, both 
 the Euxine and Adriatic seas 
 can be seen. 
 
 Halcyon, or Alcyon, onis, f. the 
 halcyon or kingfisher. — See 
 Alcyone. 
 
 Halicarnassus, i, f. a maritime 
 city of Caria, the birthplace 
 of Herodotus. 
 
 Hamilcar, aris, m. a Carthagin- 
 ian general. 
 
 Hannibal, alis, m. a brave Car- 
 thaginian general, the son of 
 Hamilcar. 
 
 Hanno, onis, m. a Carthaginian 
 general. 
 
 Harmonia, 33, f. the wife of Cad- 
 mus, and daughter of Mars 
 and Venus. 
 
 Harpy iae, arum, f. pi. the Harpies ; 
 winged monsters, having the 
 faces of women and the bodies 
 of vultures. 
 
 Haruspex, Icis, m. a soothsayer ; 
 a diviner ; one who pretended 
 
 to a knowledge of future 
 events from inspecting the en- 
 trails of victims. 
 
 Hasdrubal, alis, m. a Cartha- 
 ginian general, the brother of 
 Hannibal. 
 
 Hasta, ae, f. a spear ; a lance. 
 
 Haud, adv. not. 
 
 Haurio, haurire, hausi, haustum, 
 a. to draw out ; to drink ; to 
 swallow. 
 
 Haustus, a, um, part swallowed. 
 
 Haustus, us, m. a draught. 
 
 Hebes,etis, adj. dull; obtuse; dim. 
 
 Hebesco, ere, inc. (hebes,) to be- 
 come dull ; to grow dim. 
 
 Hebrus, i, m. a large river of 
 Thrace. 
 
 Hecuba, ae, f. the wife of Priam, 
 king of Troy. 
 
 Hedera, 33, f. ivy. 
 
 Hegesias, 33, m. an eloquent phi- 
 losopher of Cyre'ne. 
 
 Helena, 33, f. Helen, the daughter 
 of Jupiter and Leda, and wife 
 of Meneldus. 
 
 Helicon, onis, m. a mountain of 
 Bceotia, near to Parnassus t 
 and sacred to Apollo and the 
 Muses. 
 
 Helvetia, 83, f. a country in the 
 eastern part of Gaul, now 
 Switzerland. 
 
 Helvetii, orum, m. pi. Helvetians ; 
 the inhabitants of Helvetia. 
 
 Helleborum, i, n. or Helleborus, 
 i, m. the herb hellebore. 
 
 Hellespontus, i, m. a strait be- 
 
HERACLEA HOMERUS. 
 
 191 
 
 tween Thrace and Asia Minor, 
 now called the Dardanelles. 
 
 Heraclea, 39, f. the name of sev- 
 eral cities in Magna Gratia, 
 in Pontus, in Syjia, &c. 
 
 Herb a, 89, f. an herb ; grass. 
 
 Herbidus, a, um, adj. grassy; 
 full of herbs or grass. 
 
 Hercules, is, m. a celebrated hero, 
 the son of Jupiter and Alcme- 
 na. 
 
 Hercynius, a, um, adj. Hercyni- 
 an : Hercynia silva, a large 
 forest in Germany, now the 
 Black Forest. 
 
 Heres, or Hseres, edis, c. an heir. 
 
 Herennius, i, m. a general of the 
 Samnites, and the father of 
 Pontius Theleslnus. 
 
 Hero, us, (§ 69, E. 4,) f. a priest- 
 ess of Venus, who resided at 
 Sestos, and who was beloved by 
 Leander, a youth of Abydos. 
 
 Hesperus, i, m. a son of lapetus, 
 who settled in Italy, and from 
 whom that country was called 
 Hesperia; also the evening 
 star. 
 
 Heu ! int. alas ! ah ! 
 
 Hians, tis, part, (hio.) 
 
 Hiatus, us, m. an opening; a 
 chasm ; an aperture. 
 
 Hibernlcus, a, um, adj. Irish: 
 mare Hibernlcum, the Irish 
 sea. 
 
 Hibernus, a, um, adj. of winter ; 
 wintry. 
 
 Hie, adv. here ; in this place 
 
 Hie, Heec, Hoc, pro. § 134; 
 this ; he; she, &c. 
 
 Hiempsal, alis, m. a king ofJYu- 
 midia. 
 
 Hiems, emis, f. winter. 
 
 Hiero, onis, m. a tyrant of Syra- 
 cuse. 
 
 Hierosolyma, 89, f. & Hierosol- 
 yma, orum, n. pi. Jerusalem, 
 the capital of Judea. 
 
 Hinc, adv. hence; from hence; 
 from this; from this time: 
 hinc — hinc, on this side, and 
 on that. 
 
 Hinnio, ire, ivi, itum, n. to neigh. 
 
 Hinnitus, us, m. a neighing. 
 
 Hinnuleas, i, m. a fawn. 
 
 Hio, are, avi, atum, n. to gape ; 
 to yawn ; to open the mouth. 
 
 Hipparchus, i, m. the son of Pi- 
 sistrdtus, tyrant of Athens. 
 
 Hippoly tus, i, m. the son of The- 
 seus. 
 
 Hippomenes, is, m. the son of 
 Megareus, and husband of 
 Atalanta. 
 
 Hippopotamus, i, m. the hippo- 
 potamus or river-horse. 
 
 Hispania, 89, f. Spain. 
 
 Hispanus, a, um, adj. Spanish : 
 subs. m. a Spaniard. 
 
 Hodie, adv. (hie & dies,) to-day ; 
 at this time ; now-a-days. 
 
 Hodieque, to this day; to this 
 time. 
 
 Hredus, i, m. a kid; a young 
 goat. 
 
 Homerue : m. Homer, the most 
 
192 
 
 HOMO IBERUS. 
 
 ancient and illustrious of the 
 Greek poets. 
 
 Homo, Inis, c. a man ; a person ; 
 one, 
 
 Honestas, atis, f. virtue ; digni- 
 ty ; honor; from 
 
 Honestus, a, urn, adj. honorable ; 
 noble; from 
 
 Honor & -os, oris, m. honor ; re- 
 spect ; an honor; a dignity; 
 an office. 
 
 Honorific^, adv» (honorificus, 
 § 125, 3,) honorably : parum 
 honorifice, slightingly; with 
 little respect 
 
 Hora, ae, f. an hour. 
 
 Horatius, i, m. Horace ; the name 
 of several Romans : Horatii, 
 pi. three Roman brothers, who 
 fought with the three Curiatii. 
 
 Hortensius, i, m. the name of 
 several Romans. 
 
 Horridus, a, um, adj. rough; 
 rugged; rude; unpolished; 
 barbarous. 
 
 Hortatus, us, m. an exhortation ; 
 instigation; advice; from 
 
 Hortor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 exhort. 
 
 Hortus, i, m. a garden. 
 
 Hospes,itis,c. a stranger; a guest 
 
 Hospitium, i, n. hospitality : hos- 
 pitio accipere, to entertain. 
 
 Hostia, ae, f. a victim. 
 
 Hostilius, i, m. (Tullus,) the third 
 king of Rome : a cognomen 
 among the Romans. 
 
 Hostis, is, c. an enemy. 
 
 Hue, adv. hither : hue — illuc, 
 hither — thither ; now here — 
 now there. 
 
 Hujusmodi, adj. ind. (hie & mo- 
 dus, § 134, 5,) of this sort or 
 kind. 
 
 Humanitas, atis, f. humanity; 
 kindness; gentleness; from 
 
 Humanus, a, um, adj. (homo,) 
 human. 
 
 Humerus, i, m. the shoulder. 
 
 Humilis, e, adj. (ior, limus, § 125, 
 2,) humble : humili loco natum 
 esse, to be born in a humble 
 station or of obscure parents. 
 
 Humor, oris, m. moisture; pi. 
 liquids; humors. 
 
 Humus, i, f. the ground : humi, 
 on the ground. § 221, 1., R. 3. 
 
 Hyaena, ee, f. the hyena. 
 
 Hydrus, i, m. a water-snake. 
 
 Hymnus, i, m. a hymn; a song 
 of praise. 
 
 Hyperboreus, a, um, adj. {vnho 
 fiooiixg,) properly, living be- 
 yond the source of the north 
 wind ; northern : Hyperborei, 
 orum, m. ]A. people inhabiting 
 the northern regions; beyond 
 Scythia. 
 
 Hystrix, icis, f. a porcupine. 
 
 I. 
 
 Iapetus, the son of Cozlus and 
 
 Terra. 
 Iberus, i, m. a river of Spain* 
 
 now the Ebro. 
 
IBI IMMANIS. 
 
 193 
 
 Ibi, adv. there ; here ; then. 
 
 Ibidem, adv. in the same place. 
 
 Ibis, Tdis, f. the this, the Egyp- 
 tian stork. 
 
 Icarus, i, m. the son of Dceddlus. 
 
 Icarius, a, um, adj. of Icarus; 
 Icarian. 
 
 Ichneumon, onis, m. the ichneu- 
 mon or Egyptian rat. 
 
 Ichnusa, ae, f. an ancient Greek 
 name of Sardinia, derived from 
 the Greek i'/vog, a footstep ; a 
 track. 
 
 Ico, icere, ici, ictum, a. to strike : 
 foedus, to make, ratify, or con- 
 clude a league or treaty. 
 
 Ictus, a, um, part. 
 
 Ictus, us, m. a blow ; a stroke. 
 
 Ida, se, f. a mountain of Troas, 
 near Troy. 
 
 Idaeus, a, um, adj. belonging to 
 Ida : mons Idaeus, mount Ida. 
 
 Idem, eadem, idem, pro. § 134, 6 ; 
 the same. 
 
 Idoneus, a, um, adj.^J; suitable. 
 
 Igitur, conj. therefore. 
 
 Ignarus, a, um, adj. (in & gna- 
 rus,) ignorant. 
 
 Ignavus, a, um, adj. (in & gna- 
 vus,) idle ; inactive ; cowardly. 
 
 Ignis, is, m.fire ; flame. 
 
 Ignobilis, e, adj. (in & nobilis,) 
 ignoble; mean; unknown. 
 
 Ignoro, are, avi, atum, a. (igno- 
 tus,) to be ignorant ; not to 
 know. 
 
 Ignotus, a, um, part & adj. (in & 
 notus,) unknown. 
 
 Ilium, i, n. Eium or Troy, the 
 principal city of Troas. 
 
 Hiatus, a, um, part, (from infero,) 
 brought in; inflected upon; 
 inferred. 
 
 Ille, a, ud, pro. § 134 ; that ; he ; 
 she; it; the former: ipl.they; 
 those. 
 
 Illecebra, se, f. an allurement ; 
 an enticement. 
 
 Illlco, adv. (in & loco,) in that 
 place ; immediately ; instant- 
 ly. 
 
 Illuc, adv. thither : hue — illuc, 
 now here — now there. 
 
 Illustris, e, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 illustrious ; famous ; cele- 
 brated. 
 
 Illustro, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
 lustro,) to enlighten; to illus- 
 trate ; to render famous ; to 
 celebrate ; to make renowned. 
 
 Illyria, ae, f. a country opposite 
 to Italy, and bordering on the 
 Adriatic. 
 
 Imago, inis, f. an image ; a pic- 
 ture ; a figure ; a resemblance. 
 
 Imbecillis, e, adj. (ior, limus, 
 § 125, 2,) weak ; feeble. 
 
 Imber, bris, m. a shower ; a rain. 
 
 Imitatio, onis, f. imitation : ad 
 imitationem, in imitation : 
 from 
 
 Imltor, ari, atus sum, dep. to im- 
 itate ; to copy. 
 
 Immanis, e, adj. monstrous ; cru- 
 el ; huge ; enormous ; dread- 
 ful 
 
194 
 
 IMMENSUS IMPLEO 
 
 Immensus, a, um, adj. (in & men- 
 sus,) immeasurable ; bound- 
 less ; immoderate. 
 
 tmmeritus, a, um, part, (in & 
 meritus,) not deserving; un- 
 deserved. 
 
 Immlnens, tis, part, hanging 
 over; threatening; from 
 
 Immineo, ere, ui, n. to hang 
 over; to impend; to threaten; 
 to be near. 
 
 [mmissus, a, um, part, admitted; 
 sent in ; darted in ; from 
 
 Immitto, -mittere, -misi, -mis- 
 sum, a. (in & mitto,) to let in; 
 to send to, into, against, or 
 upon ; to throw at. 
 
 Immobilis, e, adj. (in & mobilis,) 
 immovable ; steadfast. 
 
 Immolo, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
 mola,) to sacrifice ; to immo- 
 late. 
 
 Immortalis, e, adj. (in & morta- 
 lis,) immortal. 
 
 Immotus, a, um, part, (in & 
 motus,) unmoved; still; mo- 
 tionless. 
 
 Immutatus, a, um, part, altered; 
 changed; from 
 
 Immuto, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
 muto,) to change. 
 
 Impatiens, tis, adj. (in & pati- 
 ens,) impatient; not able to 
 endure. 
 
 Impeditus, a, um, part, impeded; 
 hindered ; encumbered ; en- 
 tangled ; from 
 
 Impedio, ire, ivi, itum, a. (in & 
 
 pes,) to impede ; to disturb , 
 to obstruct ; to check ; to de- 
 lay ; to prevent. 
 
 Impendeo, -pendere, -pendi, 
 -pensum, n. (in & pendeo,) 
 to hang over; to impend; to 
 threaten. 
 
 Impenetrabilis, e, adj. (in & 
 penetrabilis,) impenetrable. 
 
 Impense, adv. exceedingly ; great- 
 ly. 
 
 Imperator, oris, m. (impero,) a 
 commander ; a general. 
 
 Imperfto, are, avi, atum, freq. 
 (impero,) to command ; to 
 rule ; to govern. 
 
 Imperltus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
 mus,) (in & peritus,) inexpe- 
 rienced ; unacquainted with. 
 
 Imperium, i, n. a command; 
 government; reign; authori- 
 ty; power; from 
 
 Impero, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 command; to order; to di- 
 rect ; to govern ; to rule over. 
 
 Impertiens, tis, part, from 
 
 Impertio, Ire, ivi, itum, a. (in & 
 partio,) to impart ; to share ; 
 to give. 
 
 Impetro, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
 patro,) to obtain; to finish. 
 
 Impetus, us, m. (in & peto,) 
 force ; violence ; impetuosity ; 
 an attack. 
 
 Impius, a, um, adj. (in & pius,j 
 impious ; undutiful. 
 
 Impleo, ere, evi, etum, a. to fill 
 to accomplish ; to perform. 
 
IMPLICITUS INCLUDO. 
 
 195 
 
 Implicitus, a, um, part, entan- 
 gled; attacked. 
 
 Implico, are, avi or ui, atum or 
 ltum, a. (in & plico,) to entan- 
 gle ; to implicate. 
 
 Implicor, ari, atus or Itus sum, 
 pass, to be entangled : morbo, 
 to be attacked with ; to be sick. 
 
 Imploro, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
 ploro,) to implore ; to beseech ; 
 to beg. 
 
 Impono, -ponere, -posui, -posl- 
 tum, a. (in & pono,) to lay or 
 place upon ; to impose ; to 
 put. 
 
 Importunus, a, um, adj. danger- 
 ous; perilous; troublesome; 
 cruel ; outrageous ; craving ; 
 ungovernable. 
 
 Imposltus, a, um, part, (impono.) 
 
 Improbatus, a, um, part, disal- 
 lowed; disapproved; rejected. 
 
 Improbo, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
 probo,) to disapprove; to re- 
 ject. 
 
 Improbus, a, um, adj. wicked; bad. 
 
 Imprudens, tis, adj. (in & pru- 
 dens,) imprudent; inconsid- 
 erate. 
 
 Impugnaturus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Impugno, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 attack. 
 
 Impune, adv. (in & poena,) with 
 impunity ; without hurt ; with- 
 out punishment. 
 
 Imus, a, um, adj. (sup. of in- 
 feros, § 125, 4,) the lowest ; 
 the deepest. 
 
 17 
 
 In, prep, with the accusative, sig- 
 nifies into; towards; upon; 
 until; for; against: with the 
 ablative, in ; upon ; among ; 
 at;§ 235, (2 :) in dies, from 
 day to day : in eo esse, to be 
 on the point of: in sublime, 
 aloft. 
 
 Inanis, e, adj. vain; empty; in- 
 effectual ; foolish. 
 
 Inaresco, -arescere, -arui, inc. 
 § 173 ; to gi % ow dry. 
 
 Incedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum, 
 n. (in & cedo,) to go ; to 
 walk; to come. 
 
 Incendo, d6re, di, sum, a. (in & 
 candeo,) to light; to kindle; 
 to set fire to ; to inflame. 
 
 Incensus, a, um, part, lighted; 
 kindled; burning; inflamed. 
 
 Incertus, a, um, adj. (ior, isst- 
 mus,) (in & certus,) uncertain. 
 
 Inchoo, are, avi, atum, a. to be- 
 gin. 
 
 Incidens, tis, part, from 
 
 Incldo, -cidere, -cidi, n. (in & 
 cado,) to fall into or upon ; 
 to chance to meet with. 
 
 Incipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptum, 
 a. (in & capio,) to commence ; 
 to begin. 
 
 Inclto, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
 cito,) to instigate; to encour- 
 age ; to animate. 
 
 Includo, dere, si, sum, a. (in & 
 claudo,) to shut in; to in- 
 clude ; to inclose ; to encircle 
 to encompass. 
 
196 
 
 INCLUSUS INERTIA. 
 
 Inclusus, a, urn, part, (includo.) 
 
 Inclytus, a, urn, adj. (comp. not 
 used ; sup. issimus,) famous ; 
 celebrated ; renowned. 
 
 Incola, 33, c. an inhabitant, 
 
 Incolo, colere, colui, cultum, a. 
 (in & colo,) to inhabit; to 
 dwell. 
 
 Incolumis, e, adj. unhurt; un- 
 punished; safe. 
 
 Incompertus, a, um, adj. un- 
 known ; uncertain. 
 
 Inconsiderate, adv. inconsider- 
 ately ; rashly. 
 
 Incredibllis, e, adj. (in & credib- 
 ilis,) in credible; wonderful. 
 
 Incredibillter, adv. incredibly. 
 
 Incrementum, i, n. (incresco,) an 
 increase. 
 
 Increpo, are, ui, itum, a. (in & 
 crepo,) to reprove; to chide; 
 to blame. 
 
 Incruentus, a, um, adj. (in & 
 cruor,) bloodless. 
 
 Inculte, adv. (ius, issime,) rude- 
 ly ; plainly; from 
 
 Incultus, a, um, part. & adj. (in 
 & colo,) uncultivated; unin- 
 habited; desert. 
 
 Incumbo, -cumbere, -cubui, -cu- 
 bitum, n. (in & cubo,) to lean; 
 to lie ; to rest or recline upon ; 
 to apply to : gladio, to fall up- 
 on one's sword ; to slay one's 
 self with a sword. 
 
 Incursio, onis, f. (incurro,) an at- 
 tack ; an incursion ; an in- 
 road. 
 
 Inde, adv. thence ; from thence. 
 
 Index, icis, d. (indico,) an index , 
 a mark ; a sign. 
 
 India, 33, f. a country of Asia, de- 
 riving its name from the river 
 Indus. 
 
 Indico, cere, xi, ctum, a. (in & 
 dico,) to indicate; to an- 
 nounce ; to declare ; to pro- 
 claim. 
 
 Indictus, a, um, part. 
 
 Indicus, a, um, adj. of India ■ 
 Indian. 
 
 Indigena, se, c. (in & geno,) a 
 native. 
 
 Indoles, is, f. (in & oleo, to 
 grow,) the disposition; na- 
 ture ; inherent quality. 
 
 Induco, cere, xi, ctum, a. (in &, 
 duco,) to lead in; to induce; 
 to persuade. 
 
 Inductus, a, um, part. 
 
 Induo, -duere, -dui, -datum, a. to 
 put on ; to dress ; to clothe. 
 
 Indus, i, m. a large river in the 
 western part of India. 
 
 Industria, se, f. industry; dili- 
 gence. 
 
 Indutus, a, um, part, (induo.) 
 
 Inedia, 83, f. (in & e do,) want of 
 food ; fasting ; hunger. 
 
 Ineo, ire, ii, itum, irr. n. & a. (in 
 & eo,) to go or enter into ; to 
 enter upon ; to make ; to form 
 
 Inermis, e, adj. (in & arma,) de- 
 fenceless ; unarmed. 
 
 Inertia, 83, f. (iners,) laziness, 
 sloth; idleness. 
 
INF AMIS INLIICUS . 
 
 197 
 
 Infamis, e, adj. (in & fama,) in- 
 famous ; disgraceful. 
 
 Infans, tis, c. an infant ; a child. 
 
 Inferi, orum, m. pi. 
 
 the infernal regions ; Hades ; 
 Orcus ; the infernal gods ; 
 the shades. 
 
 Inferior, us, adj. comp. See In- 
 ferus. 
 
 Infero, inferre, intuli, illatum, 
 irr. a. (in & fero,) to bring in 
 or against; to bring upon; 
 to inflict upon : bellum, to 
 make war upon. 
 
 Inferus, a, um, adj. (inferior, in- 
 fimus or imus, § 125, 4,) low ; 
 humble. 
 
 Infesto, are, avi, atum, a. to in- 
 fest; to disturb; to molest; 
 to vex; to plague; to trouble; 
 to annoy ; from 
 
 Infestus, a, um, adj. hostile; in- 
 imical. 
 
 Inf igo, gere, xi, xum, a. (in & 
 figo,) to fix; to fasten; to 
 drive in. 
 
 Infinitus, a, um, adj. (in & finio,) 
 infinite; unbounded; vast; im- 
 mense : infinitum argenti, an 
 immense quantity of silver : in- 
 flnita nobilltas, a vast number. 
 
 Infirmus, a, um, adj. weak ; infirm. 
 
 Infixus, part, (inf Igo.) 
 
 Inflammo, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 inflame ; to excite ; to stimu- 
 late ; to animate. 
 
 Inflatus, a, um, part blown upon ; 
 puffed up. 
 
 Infllgo, gere, xi, ctum, a. (in & 
 fligo,) to inflict. 
 
 Infio, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
 flo,) to blow upon. 
 
 Infrendens, tis, part, from 
 
 Infrendeo, ere, ui, n. (in & fren- 
 deo,) to gnash with the teeth. 
 
 Infringo, -fringere, -fregi, -frac- 
 tum, a. (in & frango,) to break 
 or rend in pieces ; to disan- 
 nul ; to make void. 
 
 Infundo, -fundere, -fudi, -fusum, 
 a. (in & fundo,) to pour in : 
 infundltur, it empties. 
 
 Ingenium, i, n. the disposition; 
 genius ; talents ; character. 
 
 Ingens, tis, adj. great ; very 
 great. 
 
 Ingenuus, a, um, adj. free-born ; 
 free; noble; ingenuous. 
 
 Ingredior, -gredi, -gressus sum, 
 dep. (in & gradior,) to go in ; 
 to enter ; to come in ; to walk ; 
 to walk upon ; to go. 
 
 Ingressus, a, um, part 
 
 Ingruo, -gruSre, -grui, n. to in- 
 vade ; to assail ; to pour down ; 
 to fall upon suddenly. 
 
 Inhsereo, -hasrere, -haesi, -hae- 
 sum, n. (in & hsereo,) to 
 cleave or stick to or in : cogi- 
 tationlbus, to be fixed or lost 
 in thought. 
 
 Inhio, are, avi, atum, a. & n. (in 
 & hio,) to gape for ; to desire. 
 
 Inimicus, a, um, adj. (in & ami- 
 cus,) inimical ; hostile. 
 
 Inimicus, i, m. an enemy. 
 
198 
 
 1NIQUE INSOLENS. 
 
 Inique, adv. (iniquus,) unjustly ; 
 unequally, 
 
 Initium, i, n. (ineo,) a commence- 
 ment ; a beginning, 
 
 Initurus, a, um, part, (ineo,) about 
 to enter upon or begin, 
 
 Injicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, a. 
 (in & jacio,) to throw in or 
 upon. 
 
 Injuria, se, f. (injurius,) an inju- 
 ry ; an insult, 
 
 Innato, are, avi, atum, n. (in & 
 nato,) to swim ox float upon, 
 
 Innitor, -niti, -nisus or -nixus 
 sum, dep. (in & nitor,) to lean 
 or depend upon ; to rest upon, 
 
 Innocentia, se, f. (in & nocens,) 
 innocence, 
 
 Innotesco, -notescere, -notui, 
 inc. (in & notesco,) to be 
 known; to become known, 
 
 Innoxius, a, um, adj. (in & nox- 
 ius,) harmless, 
 
 Innumerabilis, e, adj. (in & mi- 
 ni erabllis,) innumerable, 
 
 InnumSrus, a, um, adj. (in & 
 numSrus,) innumerable, 
 
 Inopia, ae, f. (inops,) want, 
 
 Inopus, i, m. a fountain or river 
 of Delos, near which Apollo 
 and Diana were said to have 
 been born. 
 
 In- or im- primis, adv. (in & pri- 
 mus,) chiefly ; especially, 
 
 Inquam, or Inquio, def. / say ; 
 § 183, 5. 
 
 Inqutno, are, avi, atum, a. to pol- 
 lute ; to stain ; to soil. 
 
 Inquiro, -quirere, -quisivi, -quisl- 
 tum, a. (in & quaaro,) to in- 
 quire ; to investigate, 
 
 Insania, se, f. (insanus,) madness. 
 
 Insanio, ire, ivi, itum, n. to be 
 mad, 
 
 Inscribo, -scribere, -scripsi, 
 -scriptum, a. (in & scribo,) 
 to inscribe ; to write upon, 
 
 Inscriptus, a, um, part. 
 
 Insectum, i, n. (inseco,) an in- 
 sect. 
 
 Insequens, tis, part, succeeding; 
 subsequent ; following ; from 
 
 Insequor, -sequi, -secutus sum, 
 dep. (in & sequor,) to fol- 
 low, 
 
 lnsidens, tis, part, from 
 
 Insideo, -sidere, -sedi, -sessum, 
 n. (in & sedeo,) to sit upon* 
 
 Insidise, arum, f, pi. an ambush ; 
 ambuscade ; treachery ; de- 
 ceit: per insidias, treacher- 
 ously, 
 
 Insidians, tis, part, from 
 
 Insidior, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 lie in wait ; to lie in ambush ; 
 to deceive, 
 
 Insigne, is, n. a mark ; a token ; 
 an ensign ; from 
 
 Insignis, e, adj. (in & signum,) 
 distinguished ; eminent, 
 
 Insisto, -sistere, -stlti, -stltum, n. 
 (in & sisto,) to stand upon ; 
 to insist. 
 
 Insolabillter, adv. inconsolably. 
 
 Insolens, tis, adj. (ior, isslmus^ 
 insolent; haughty. 
 
INSOLENTER INTERIM. 
 
 199 
 
 Insolenter, adv. (ius, isslme,) 
 haughtily, insolently. 
 
 Inspectans, tis, part, from 
 
 Inspecto, are, avi, atum, freq. 
 to inspect ; to look upon. 
 
 Instaturus, a, um, part, (in- 
 sto.) 
 
 Instituo, -stituere, -stitui, -stitu- 
 tum, a. (in & statuo,) to ap- 
 point ; to institute ; to make ; 
 to order. 
 
 Institutum, i, n. an institution ; 
 a doctrine ; from 
 
 Institutes, a, urn, part, (instit- 
 uo.) 
 
 Insto, -stare, -stiti, n. (in & sto,) 
 to be near to ; to urge ; to per- 
 sist ; to harass ; to pursue 
 closely ; to beg earnestly. 
 
 Instrumentum, i, n. an instru- 
 ment ; utensil ; implement ; 
 from 
 
 lnstruo, -struere, -struxi, -struc- 
 tum, a. (in & struo,) to pre- 
 pare ; to teach ; to supply 
 with ; to furnish. 
 
 Insubres, um, m. pi. a people 
 living north of the Po, in Cis- 
 alpine Gaul. 
 
 Insuesco, -suescere, -suevi, -sue- 
 tum, inc. (in & suesco,) to 
 grow accustomed. 
 
 Insula, 83, f. an island. 
 
 Insuper, adv. (in & super,) more- 
 over. 
 
 Integer, gra, grum, adj. (rior, 
 errimus,) whole ; entire ; un- 
 hurt ; just 
 
 17* 
 
 Intego, -tegere, -texi, -tectum, a. 
 (in & tego,) to cover. 
 
 Integrltas, atis, f. (integer,) in- 
 tegrity ; probity ; honesty. 
 
 In telle ctus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Intelligo, -ligere, -lexi, tec- 
 tum, a. (inter & lego,) 10 un- 
 derstand; to perceive ; to dis- 
 cern ; to know ; to learn. 
 
 Inter, prep, between ; among : in- 
 ter se, mutually : occurrentes 
 inter se, meeting each other. 
 
 Intercipio, -cipere, -cepi, -cep- 
 tum, a. (inter & capio,) to in- 
 tercept ; to usurp ; to take 
 away fraudulently. 
 
 Interdico, -dicere, -dixi, -dictum, 
 a. (inter & dico,) to forbid ; 
 to prohibit. 
 
 Interdictus, a, um, part. 
 
 Inter diu, adv. by day; in the 
 day-time. 
 
 Interdum, adv. sometimes. 
 
 Interea, adv. (inter & is,) in the 
 mean time. 
 
 Inter emptus, a, um, part, (inter- 
 Imo.) 
 
 Intereo, Ire, ii, itum, irr. n. (inter 
 & eo, § 182,) to perish. 
 
 Interest, imp. (intersum.) it con- 
 cerns : me a, it concerns me. 
 
 Interfector, oris, m. a murderer ; 
 a slayer ; a destroyer. 
 
 Interfectus, a, um, part, killed. 
 
 Interficio, -flcere, -feci, -fectum, 
 a. (inter & facio,) to kill ; to 
 slay. 
 
 Interim, adv. in the mean time. 
 
200 
 
 INTEKIMO INVEST1GO. 
 
 Inteiimo, -imere, -emi, -emptum, 
 a. (inter & erao,) to kill ; to 
 put to death ; to slay. 
 
 Interior, us, adj. (sup. intimus, 
 § 126, 1,) inner ; the interior. 
 
 Interius, adv. farther in the inte- 
 rior. 
 
 Interjectus, a, um, part, cast be- 
 tween: anno interj ec to, a year 
 having intervened; a year af- 
 ter. 
 
 Interjicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, 
 a. (inter & jacio,) to throw be- 
 tween. 
 
 Internecio, onis, f. (interneco,) 
 ruin; destruction: ad inter- 
 necionem, with a general mas- 
 sacre. 
 
 Internodium, i, n. (inter & no- 
 dus,) the space between two 
 knots; a joint. 
 
 Internus, a, um, adj. internal : 
 mare internum, the Mediter- 
 ranean sea. 
 
 Interpres, etis, c. an interpreter. 
 
 Interregnum, i, n. (inter & reg- 
 num,) an interregnum ; a va- 
 cancy of the throne. 
 
 Interrogo, are, avi, atum, a. (in- 
 ter & rogo,) to ask. 
 
 Intersum, esse, fui, irr. n. (in- 
 ter & sum,) to be present 
 at. 
 
 Intervallum, i, n. (inter & val- 
 lum,) an interval ; a space ; a 
 distance. 
 
 Interveniens, tis, part, from 
 
 Intervenio, venire, veni, ventum, 
 
 n. (inter & \ enio,) to come be- 
 tween ; to intervene. 
 
 Intexo, ere, ui, turn, a. (in & 
 texo,) to interweave. 
 
 Intimus, a, um, adj. sup. (comp. 
 interior, § 126, 1,) innermost ; 
 inmost ; intimate ; familiar ; 
 much beloved. 
 
 Intra, prep, within : — adv. inward. 
 
 Intrepidus, a, um, adj. (in & 
 trepidus,) fearless ; intrepid. 
 
 Intro, are, avi, atum, a. to enter. 
 
 Introduco, -ducere, -duxi, -duo 
 turn, a. (intro & duco,) to 
 lead in ; to introduce. 
 
 Introitus, us, m. (introeo,) an en- 
 trance. 
 
 Intuens, tis, part, from 
 
 Intueor, eri, ftus sum, dep. (in & 
 tueor,) to look upon ; to con- 
 sider ; to behold ; to gaze at. 
 
 Intus, adv. within. 
 
 Inusitatus, a, um, adj. unaccus- 
 tomed ; unusual ; extraordi- 
 nary. 
 
 Inutilis, e, adj. useless. 
 
 Invado, -vadere, -vasi, -vasum, 
 a. (in & vado,) to invade ; to 
 attack ; to assail ; to fall up- 
 on. 
 
 Invenio, -venire, -veni, -ventum, 
 a. (in & venio,) to find; to 
 get ; to procure ; to obtain ; 
 to invent ; to discover. 
 
 Inventus, a, um, part. 
 
 lnvestigo, are, avi, atum, a. (in 
 & vestigo,) to investigate ; to 
 trace or find out ; to discover 
 
INVICEM ISTE. 
 
 201 
 
 Invicem, adv. (in & vicis,) mutu- 
 ally ; in turn : se invicem oc- 
 ciderunt, slew one another. 
 
 Invictus, a, um, part (in & vic- 
 tus,) unconquered ; impene- 
 trable; invulnerable. 
 
 Invidia, ae, f. (invidus,) envy ; ha- 
 tred. 
 
 Invisus, a, um, adj. (in & visus,) 
 hated ; hateful ; obnoxious : 
 plebi, unpopular. 
 
 Invitatus, a, um, part, invited; 
 entertained : — subs, a guest. 
 
 Invito, are, avi, atum, a. to in- 
 vite. 
 
 Invius, a, um, adj. (in & via,) in- 
 accessible ; impassable ; im- 
 penetrable. 
 
 Invoco, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
 voco,) to call upon ; to invoke. 
 
 Iones, um, m. pi. Ionians ; the 
 inhabitants of Ionia. 
 
 Ionia, ae, f. Ionia ; a country on 
 the western coast of Asia Mi- 
 nor. 
 
 Ionius, a, um, adj. of Ionia ; Io- 
 nian : mare, that part of the 
 Mediterranean which lies be- 
 tween Greece and the south of 
 Italy. 
 
 Iphicrates, is, m. an Athenian 
 general. 
 
 Iphigenia, ae, f. the daughter of 
 Agamemnon and Clytemnes- 
 tra, and priestess of Diana. 
 
 Ipse, a, um, pro. § 135 ; he him- 
 self; she herself; itself; or 
 simply he ; she ; it : et ipse, 
 
 he also ; before a verb of the 
 first or second person, I; 
 thou : ego ipse, J myself • 
 tu ipse, thou thyself &c. 
 
 Ira, 83, f. anger ; rage. 
 
 Irascor, irasci, dep. § 174 ; to be 
 angry. 
 
 Iratus, a, um, adj. angry. 
 
 Ire. See Eo. 
 
 Irreparabilis, e, adj. irreparable ; 
 irrecoverable. 
 
 Irretio, ire, ivi, itum, a. (in & 
 rete,) to entangle ; to insnare. 
 
 Irretitus, part entangled ; caught. 
 
 Irridens, tis, part from 
 
 Irrideo, dere, si, sum, a. (in & 
 rideo,) to deride; to laugh 
 at. 
 
 Irrigo, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
 rigo,) to water ; to bedew ; to 
 moisten. 
 
 Irrito, are, avi, atum, a. to irri- 
 tate ; to provoke ; to incite. 
 
 Irruens, tis, part, from 
 
 Irruo, uere, ui, n. (in & ruo,) U 
 rush ; to rush in, into, or up- 
 on; to attack. 
 
 Is, ea, id, pro. § 134 ; this ; he , 
 she ; it : in eo esse, i. e. in ea 
 statu, to be in that state ; to be 
 upon the point. 
 
 Issus, i, f. a maritime city of Ci 
 licia. 
 
 Issicus, a, um, adj. of or belong 
 ing to Issus. 
 
 Isocrates, is, m. a celebrated 
 Athenian orator. 
 
 Iste, a, ud, pro. § 134 ; that ; that 
 
202 
 
 ISTER JUGUM. 
 
 person or thing ; he ; she ; it. 
 § 207, R. 25. 
 
 Ister, tri, in. the name of the Dan- 
 ube after it enters Illyricum. 
 
 Isthmlcus, a, urn, adj. Isthmian ; 
 belonging to the Isthmus of 
 Corinth : ludi, games celebrat- 
 ed at that place. 
 
 Isthmus, i, m. an isthmus; a 
 neck of land separating two 
 seas. 
 
 Ita, adv. so ; in such a manner ; 
 even so ; thus. 
 
 Italia, se, f. Italy. 
 
 I talus, a, um, adj. Italian. 
 
 Itali, subs, the Italians. 
 
 Italicus, a, um, adj. belonging to 
 Italy ; Italian. 
 
 Itaque, adv. and so ; therefore. 
 
 Iter, itineris, n. a journey ; a 
 road ; a march. 
 
 Iterum, adv. again ; once more ; 
 a second time. 
 
 Ithaca, se, f. a rocky island in the 
 Ionian sea, with a city of the 
 same name. 
 
 Itidem, adv. in like manner ; like- 
 wise ; also. 
 
 Iturus, a, um, part, (eo.) 
 
 Ivi. See Eo. 
 
 J. 
 
 Jacens, tis, part, from 
 
 Jaceo, ere, ui, n. to lie ; to be sit- 
 uated. 
 
 Jacio, jacere, jeci, jactum, a. to 
 throw; to cast; to fling; to hurl. 
 
 Jacto, are, avi, atum, freq. ( t jRcio,) 
 to throw about; to toss; to 
 agitate. 
 
 Jactus, a, um, part (jacio,) cast; 
 thrown. 
 
 Jaculor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 hurl ; to dart ; to shoot. 
 
 Jam, adv. now; already; pres- 
 ently ; even. 
 
 Jamdudum, adv. long ago. 
 
 Janiculum, i, n. one of the seven 
 hills of Rome. 
 
 Jason, onis, m. the son of Mson, 
 king of Thessaly, and leader 
 of the Argonauts ; also, an 
 inhabitant of Lycia. 
 
 Jejunus, a, um, adj. fasting; 
 hungry. 
 
 Jovis. See Jupiter. 
 
 Juba, se, f. the mane. 
 
 Jubeo, jubere, jussi, jussum, a. 
 to command; to bid; to or- 
 der ; to direct. 
 
 Jucundus, a, um, adj. (jocus,) 
 sweet; agreeable; delightful; 
 pleasant. 
 
 Judsea, se, f. Judea. 
 
 Judseus, a, um, adj. belonging to 
 Judea : — subs, a Jew. 
 
 Judex, icis, c. a judge. 
 
 Judicium, i, n. a judgment ; de- 
 cision. 
 
 Judico, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 judge ; to deem ; to deter- 
 mine; to decide. 
 
 Jug&rum, i, n. § 93, 1 ; an acre 
 of land. 
 
 Jugum, i, n. a yoke ; a ridge o* 
 
JUGURTHA LACERATUS. 
 
 203 
 
 chain of mountains ; in war, 
 an instrument consisting of 
 two spears placed erect, and 
 a third laid transversely upon 
 them. 
 
 Jugurtha, se, m. a king ofJVu- 
 midia. 
 
 Julius, i, m. a name of Ccesar, 
 ivho belonged to the gens Ju- 
 lia. 
 
 Junctus, a, um, part (jungo.) 
 
 Junior, adj. (comp. from juvenis,) 
 younger. 
 
 Junius, i, m. the name of a Ro- 
 man tribe which included the 
 family of Brutus. 
 
 Jungo, jungere, junxi, junctum, 
 a. to unite ; to connect ; to 
 join: currui, to put in; to 
 harness to. 
 
 Juno, onis, f. the daughter of 
 Saturn and wife of Jupiter. 
 
 Jupiter, Jovis, m. § 85 ; the son of 
 Saturn, and king of the gods. 
 
 Jurgiosus, a, um, adj. (jurgium,) 
 quarrelsome; scolding; brawl- 
 ing. 
 
 Juro, are, avi, atum, a. to swear. 
 
 Jus, juris, n. right ; justice : jus 
 civitatis, the freedom of the 
 city; citizenship: jure, with 
 reason; rightly; deservedly. 
 
 JussL See Jubeo. 
 
 Jussus, a, um, part, (jubeo.) 
 
 Jussu, abl. m. § 94 ; a com- 
 mand. 
 
 Tustitia, se, f. justice ; from 
 
 Justus, a, um, adj. just ; **ight ; 
 
 full; regular; ordinary; er 
 
 act. 
 Juvenca, se, f. a cow ; a heifer. 
 Juvencius, i, m. a Roman gen- 
 eral, conquered by Andriscus. 
 Juvenis, e, adj. (comp. junior, 
 
 § 126, 4,) young ; youthful. 
 Juvenis, is, c. a young man or 
 
 woman ; a youth. 
 Juventus, utis, f. youth. 
 Juvo, juvare, juvi, jutum, a. to 
 
 help ; to assist. 
 Juxta, prep, near; hard by: — 
 
 adv. alike ; even ; equally. 
 
 L. 
 
 L., an abbreviation of Lucius. 
 
 §328. 
 Labor, & Labos, oris, m. labor ; 
 
 toil. 
 Labor, labi, lapsus sum, dep. to 
 
 fall; to glide; to glide away ; 
 
 to flow on. 
 Laboriosus, a, um, adj. (labor,) 
 
 laborious. 
 Laboro, are, avi, atum, n. to 
 
 work or labor ; to suffer with ; 
 
 to be distressed. 
 Labyrinthus, i, m. a labyrinth. 
 Lac, lactis, n. milk. 
 Lacedaemonius, a, um, adj. be- 
 longing to Lacedcemon ; La- 
 
 ced(Bmonian ; Spartan. 
 Lacedaemon, onis, f. Laceda- 
 
 mon, or Sparta, the capital 
 
 of Laconia. 
 Laceratus, a, um, part from 
 
204 
 
 LACERO LAUDATUS 
 
 Lacero, are, avi, atum, a. to tear 
 in pieces. 
 
 Lacessitus, a, urn, part, from 
 
 Lacesso, ere, ivi, Itum, a. to dis- 
 turb ; to trouble ; to provoke ; 
 to stir up. 
 
 Lacryma, as, f. a tear. 
 
 Lacus, us, m. a lake. 
 
 Laconic us, a, um, adj. Laconic ; 
 Spartan ; Lacedcemonian. 
 
 Laedo, laedere, laesi, laesum, a. to 
 injure ; to hurt. 
 
 Laetatus, a, um, part, (lsetor.) 
 
 Laetitia, 89, f. (laetus,) joy. 
 
 Laetor, ari, atus sum, dep. to re- 
 joice ; to be glad ; to be de- 
 lighted with. 
 
 Laetus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
 glad; joyful; full of joy ; 
 fortunate ; prosperous ; fruit- 
 ful ; abundant. 
 
 Lsevinus, i, m. the name of a Ro- 
 man family ; (P. Valerius,) a 
 Roman consul. 
 
 Laevor, oris, m. smoothness. 
 
 Lagus, i, m. a Macedonian, who 
 adopted as his son that Ptol- 
 emy who afterwards became 
 king of Egypt. 
 
 Lana, ae, f. wool. 
 
 Lanatus, a, um, adj. bearing 
 wool; woolly. 
 
 Laniatus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Lanio, are, avi, atum, a. to tear 
 in pieces. 
 
 Lapicidina, ae, f. (lapis & caedo,) 
 a quarry. 
 
 Lapideus, a, um, adj. stony ; from 
 
 Lapis, idis, m. a stone. 
 Lapsus, a, um, part, (labor.) 
 Laqueus, i, m. a noose ; a snare* 
 Largitio, onis, f. a present. 
 Late, adv. (ius, issime,) widely ; 
 
 extensively. 
 Latebra, ae, f. a lurking-place ; a 
 
 hiding-place ; a retreat. 
 Latens, tis, part, from 
 Lateo, ere, ui, n. to be hidden; 
 
 to be concealed; to be un- 
 known. 
 Later, eris, m. a brick. 
 Laterculus, i, m. dim. (later,) a 
 
 little hick ; a brick. 
 Latinus, i, m. an ancient king of 
 
 the Laurentes, a people of 
 
 Italy. 
 Latinus, a, um, adj. Latin; of 
 
 Latium: Latini, subs, the 
 
 Latins. 
 Latitudo, mis, f. (latus,) breadth. 
 Latium, i, n. Latium. 
 Latmus, i, m. a mountain in Ca- 
 
 ria, near the borders of Ionia, 
 Latona, ae, f. the daughter of the 
 
 giant Cozus, and mother of 
 
 Apollo and Diana. 
 Latro, are, avi, atum, n. & a. to 
 
 bark ; to bark at. 
 Latro, onis, m. a robber. 
 Latrocinium, i, n. robbery; pi» 
 
 racy. 
 Laturus, a, um, part, (fero.) 
 Latus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
 
 broad; wide. 
 Latus, eris, n. a side. 
 Laudatus, a, um, part from 
 
LAUDO LIBERALITER. 
 
 205 
 
 Laudo, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 praise ; to extol ; to commend, 
 
 Laurentia, ae, f. *S*ee Acca. 
 
 Laus, dis, f. praise ; glory ; hon- 
 or ; fame ; repute ; estima- 
 tion; value. 
 
 Laute, adv. sumptuously; mag- 
 nificently. 
 
 Lavinia, ae, f. the daughter of 
 Latlnus, and the second wife 
 of Mneas. 
 
 Lavinium, i, n. a city in Italy , 
 built by Mneas. 
 
 Lavo, lavare & lavere, lavi, lo- 
 tum, lautum, & lavatum, a. 
 § 165 ; to wash ; to bathe. 
 
 Leaena, ae, f. a lioness. 
 
 Leander, & Leandrus, dri, m. a 
 vouth of Abydos, distinguish- 
 ed for his attachment to Hero. 
 
 Lebes, etis, m. a kettle ; a caldron. 
 
 Lectus, a, urn, part (lego,) read; 
 chosen. 
 
 Leda, ae, f. the wife of Tyndarus, 
 king of Sparta, and the mother 
 of Helena. 
 
 Legatio, orris, f. (lego, are,) an 
 embassy. 
 
 Legatus,i,m. (lego, are,) a deputy; 
 a lieutenant ; an ambassador. 
 
 Legio, onis, f. (lego, ere,) a le- 
 gion ; ten cohorts of soldiers. 
 
 Legislator, oris, m. (lex & fero,) 
 a legislator ; a lawgiver. 
 
 Lego, legere, legi, lectum, a. to 
 read; to choose ; to collect. 
 
 Lemanus, i, m. the name of a 
 lake in Gaul, bordering upon 
 
 the country of the Helvetii, 
 now the lake of Geneva. 
 
 Leo, onis, m. a lion. 
 
 Leonid as, ae, m. a brave king of 
 Sparta, who fell in the battle 
 of ThermopylcB. 
 
 Leontinus, a, um, adj. belonging 
 to Leontini, a city and a peo- 
 ple of the same name, on the 
 eastern coast of Sicily. 
 
 Lepidus, i, m. the name of an illus- 
 trious family, of the Mmilian 
 clan : M. Lepidus, one of the 
 triumvirs with Augustus and 
 Antony. 
 
 Lepus, oris, m. a hare. 
 
 Letalis, e, adj. fatal; deadly; 
 from 
 
 Letum, i, n. aeath. 
 
 Levis, e, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 light ; trivial ; inconsidera- 
 ble ; smooth. 
 
 Levltas, atis, f. lightness. 
 
 Levo, are, avi, atum, a. to ease; 
 to relieve; to lighten; to al- 
 leviate. 
 
 Lex, gis, f. a law ; a condition. 
 
 Lib ens, tis, part, (libet,) willing. 
 
 Lib enter, adv. willingly. 
 
 Libet, or Lubet, libuit, imp. it 
 pleases. 
 
 Libenter, adv. (libens,) freely ; 
 willingly. 
 
 Liber, libera, liberum, adj./ree. 
 
 Liber, libri, m. the inner bark of 
 a tree ; a book. 
 
 Liberaliter, adv. (liberalis,) lib 
 erally ; kindly. 
 
206 
 
 LIBERATUS LORUM. 
 
 Liberatus, a, um, part, (libero,) 
 liberated ; set at liberty. 
 
 Lib ere, adv. freely ; without re- 
 straint, 
 
 Liberi, orum, m. pi. § 96 ; chil- 
 dren. 
 
 Libero, are, avi, atum, a. to free ; 
 to liberate ; to deliver. 
 
 Libertas, atis, f. liberty. 
 
 Libya, ee, f. properly IAbya, a 
 kingdom of Africa, lying west 
 of Egypt ; sometimes it com- 
 prehends the whole of Africa. 
 
 Licinius, i, m. a name common 
 among the Romans. 
 
 Licet, uit, itum est, imp. § 169 ; 
 it is lawful ; it is permitted ; 
 you may ; one may. 
 
 Licet, conj. although. 
 
 Lienosus, a, um, adj. splenetic. 
 
 Ligneus, a, um, adj. wooden; 
 from 
 
 Lignum, i, n. wood; a log of 
 wood; timber. 
 
 Li go, are, avi, atum, a. to bind. 
 
 Liguria, se, f. IAguria, a coun- 
 try in the west of Italy. 
 
 Ligus, uris, m. a Zdgurian. 
 
 Ligustlcus, a, um, adj. IAgurian : 
 mare, the gulf of Genpa. 
 
 Lilybseum, i, n. a promontory on 
 the western coast of Sicily. 
 
 Limpidus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
 mus,) transparent; limpid; 
 clear. 
 
 Limus, i, m. mud ; clay. 
 
 Lingua, se, f. the tongue ; a lan- 
 guage. 
 
 Linum, i, n.fiax; linen. 
 
 Liquldus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
 mus,) liquid; clear; pure 
 limpid. 
 
 Lis, litis, f. a strife; a conten- 
 tion ; a controversy. 
 
 Littera, or Liter a, se, f. a letter 
 of the alphabet : (pi.) letters ; 
 literature ; learning ; a letter ; 
 an epistle. 
 
 Litterarius, a, um, adj. belonging 
 to letters ; literary. 
 
 Littus, or Litus, oris, n. the shore. 
 
 Loco, are, avi, atum, a. to place, 
 set, dispose, or arrange ; to 
 give or dispose of in mar- 
 riage ; from 
 
 Locus, i, m. in sing. ; m. & n. in 
 pi. § 92, 2 ; a place. 
 
 Locusta, se, f. a locust. 
 
 Longe, adv. (ius, issime,) (lon- 
 gus,) far ; far off. 
 
 Longinquus, a, um, adj. (comp. 
 ior,)/ar ; distant ; long ; for- 
 eign. 
 
 Longitudo, inis, f. length ; from 
 
 Longus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
 mus,) long, applied both to 
 time and space ; lasting. 
 
 Locutus, a, um, part, (loquor,) 
 having spoken. 
 
 Locuturus, a, um, part, about to 
 speak; from 
 
 Loquor, loqui, locutus sum, dep. 
 to speak. 
 
 Lorica, se, f. a coat of mail > 
 corselet; breast-plate; cuirass 
 
 Lorum, i, n. a thong 
 
LUBENS MACEDO. 
 
 207 
 
 Lubens, tis, part, (lubet.) 
 
 Lub enter, adv. (ius, isslme.j See 
 Libenter. 
 
 Lubet. See Libet. 
 
 Lubido, or Libido, inis, f. lust; 
 desire. 
 
 Lubricus, a, um, adj. slippery. 
 
 Luceo, lucere, luxi, n. to shine. 
 
 Lucius, i, m. a Roman prsenomen. 
 
 Lucretia, se, f. a Roman matron, 
 the wife of Collatinus. 
 
 Lucretius, i, m. the father of Lu- 
 cretia. 
 
 Luctus, us, m. (lugeo,) mourn- 
 ing ; sorrow. 
 
 Lucullus, i, m. a Roman cele- 
 brated for his luxury, his 
 patronage of learned men, 
 and his military talents. 
 
 Lucus, i, m. a grove. 
 
 Ludo, ludere, lusi, lusum, a. to 
 play; to be in sport; to de- 
 ceive. 
 
 Ludus, i, m. a game ; a play ; 
 a place of exercise ; a school : 
 gladiatorius, a school for 
 gladiators. 
 
 Lugeo, lugere, luxi, n. to mourn ; 
 to lament. 
 
 Lumen, inis, n. (luceo,) light; 
 an eye. 
 
 Luna, se, f. the moon. 
 
 Lupa, se, f. a she-wolf 
 
 Lupus, i, m. a wolf. 
 
 Luscinia, 83, f. a nightingale. 
 
 Lusitania, as, f. a part q/*Hispa- 
 nia, now Portugal. 
 
 Lustro, are, avi, atum, a. to puri- 
 18 
 
 fy; to appease ; to expiate : ex- 
 ercltum, to review ; to muster. 
 
 Lustrum, i, n. the lair of wild 
 beasts ; a den. 
 
 Lusus, us, m. a game ; a play : 
 per lusum, in sport; spor- 
 tively. 
 
 Lutatius, i, m. the name of a 
 Roman tribe : C. Lutatius 
 Catulus, a Roman consul in 
 the first Punic war. 
 
 Lutetia, 33, f. a city of Gaul, now 
 Paris. 
 
 Lutum, i, n. clay. 
 
 Lux, lucis, f. light. 
 
 Luxuria, 33, f. luxury ; excess ; 
 voluptuousness. 
 
 Lycius, a, um, adj. Lycian; of 
 Lycia, a country of Asia 
 Minor. 
 
 Lycomedes, is, m. a king ofScy- 
 ros. 
 
 Lycurgus, i, m. the Spartan law- 
 giver. 
 
 Lydia, 33, f. a country of Asia 
 Minor. 
 
 Lysander, dri, m. a celebrated 
 Lacedaemonian general. 
 
 Lysimachus, i, m. one of Alexan- 
 der's generals, who was after- 
 wards king of a part of 
 Thrace. 
 
 M. 
 
 M., an abbreviation of Marcus. 
 
 §32& 
 Macedo, onis, m. a Macedonian. 
 
S08 
 
 MACEDONIA MALUM. 
 
 Macedonia, 83, f. a country of 
 Europe, lying west of Thrace, 
 and north of Thessaly and 
 Epirus. 
 
 Macedonicus, a, um, adj. of 
 Macedonia ; Macedonian ; 
 also, an agnomen or surname 
 of Q. Metellus. 
 
 Macies, ei, f. leanness ; decay. 
 
 Macrobii, orum, m. pi. a Greek 
 word signifying long-lived; 
 this name was given to cer- 
 tain tribes of Ethiopians, who 
 were distinguished for the 
 simplicity and purity of their 
 manners, and for their lon- 
 gevity. 
 
 Mactatus, a, um, part from 
 
 Mac to, are, avi, atum, a. to sacri- 
 fice ; to slay. 
 
 Macula, se, f. a spot ; a stain. 
 
 Madeo, ere, ui, n. to be moist; 
 to be wet. 
 
 Msenades, um, f. pi. priestesses 
 of Bacchus ; bacchants; bac- 
 chanals. 
 
 Mseotis, idis, adj. Maotian : pa- 
 lus Mseotis, a lake or gulf, 
 lying north of the Euxine, 
 now called the sea of Azoph. 
 
 Magis, adv. (sup. maxlme, § 194,) 
 more; rather; better. 
 
 Magister, tri, m. a teacher; a 
 master : magister equltum, 
 the commander of the cavalry, 
 and the dictator's lieutenant. 
 
 Magistrates, us, m. a magistra- 
 cy ; a civil office ; a magistrate. 
 
 Magnesia, 83, f. a town of Io- 
 nia. 
 
 Magniflce, adv. (entius, entissi- 
 me,) (magnifies s,) magnifi- 
 cently; splendidly. 
 
 Magnificentia, se, f. magnificence, 
 splendor; grandeur; from 
 
 Magniflcus, a, um, adj. (entior, 
 entisslmus,) (magnus & fa- 
 cio,) magnificent ; splendid. 
 
 Magnitudo, inis, f. (magnus,) 
 greatness ; magnitude ; size. 
 
 Magnopere, adv. (magnus & 
 opus,) greatly ; very ; earnest- 
 ly. 
 
 Magnus, a, um, adj. (comp. major, 
 sup. maximus,) great ; large. 
 
 Major, comp. (magnus,) greater ; 
 the elder. 
 
 Majores, um, m. pi. forefathers ; 
 ancestors. 
 
 Male, adv. (pejus, pesslme,) (raa- 
 lus,) badly ; ill ; hurtfully. 
 
 Maledico, -dicere, -dixi, -dictum, 
 a. (male & dico,) to revile; 
 to rail at ; to abuse ; to re- 
 proach. 
 
 Maledicus, a, um, adj. (entior, 
 entisstmus,) reviling ; railing; 
 scurrilous ; abusive. 
 
 Maleficus, a, um, adj. (entior, 
 entisslmus,) (male & facio,) 
 ivicked; hurtful; mischievous; 
 injurious : — subs, an evil-doer. 
 
 Malo, malle, malui, irr. § 178, 3 
 to prefer ; to be more willing 
 to wish rather. 
 
 Malum, i, n. an apple. 
 
MALUM MARSYAS. 
 
 209 
 
 Malum, i, n. (malus,) evil ; mis- 
 fortune; calamity; sufferings; 
 evil deeds. 
 
 Malus, a, um, adj. (pejor, pessi- 
 mus, § 125, 5,) bad ; wicked : 
 mali, bad men. 
 
 Mancinus, i, m. a Roman consul 
 who made a disgraceful peace 
 with the JVumantians. 
 
 Mando, mandere, mandi, man- 
 sum, a. to chew ; to eat. 
 
 Mando, are, avi, atum, a. to com- 
 mand ; to intrust ; to commit ; 
 to bid; to enjoin: man dare 
 marmoribus, to engrave upon 
 marble. 
 
 Mane, ind. n. the morning, § 94 : — 
 adv. early in the morning. 
 
 Maneo, ere, si, sum, n. to re- 
 main ; to continue. 
 
 Manes, ium, m. pi. the dead; the 
 manes; ghosts or shades of 
 the dead. 
 
 Manlius, i, m. a Roman proper 
 name. 
 
 Mano, are, avi, atum, n. to flow. 
 
 Mansuefacio, -facere, -feci, -fac- 
 tum, a. (mansues & facio,) 
 to tame ; to make tame. 
 
 Mansuefio, -fien, -factus sum, 
 irr. § 180, N., to be made tame. 
 
 Mansuefacms, a, um, part. 
 
 Mantinea, se, f. a city of Arcadia. 
 
 Manubia?, arum, f. pi. booty; 
 spoils ; plunder. 
 
 Manumissus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Manumitto, -mittere, -misi, -mis- 
 sum, a. 'manus & mitto,) to set 
 
 free, at liberty ; to free ; to 
 manumit. 
 
 Manus, us, f. a hand; the trunk 
 of an elephant ; a band oi 
 body of soldiers. 
 
 Mapale, is, n. a hut or cottage of 
 the Numidians. 
 
 Marcellus, i, m. the name of a 
 Roman family which pro- 
 duced many illustrious men. 
 
 Marcius, i, m. a Roman namt 
 and cognomen or surname. 
 
 Marcus, i, m. a Roman prseno 
 men. 
 
 Mare, is, n. the sea. 
 
 Margarita, se, f. a pearl. 
 
 Mariandyni, orum, m. pi. a peo 
 pie of Bithynia. 
 
 Marinus, a, um, adj. (mare,) ma- 
 rine; pertaining to the sea: 
 aqua marina, sea-water. 
 
 Maritlmus, a, um, adj. maritime ; 
 on the sea-coast : copiae, na- 
 val forces. 
 
 Maritus, i, m. a husband. 
 
 Marius, i, m. (C.) a distinguished 
 Roman general, who was seven 
 times elected consul. 
 
 Marmor, oris, n. marble. 
 
 Mars, tis, m. the son of Jupitei 
 and Juno, and god ofioar. 
 
 Marsi, orum, m. pi. a people of 
 Latium, upon the borders of 
 lake Ticlnus. 
 
 Marsyas, se, m. a celebrated 
 Phrygian musician ; also, a 
 brother of Aniigonus, the king 
 of Macedonia. 
 
210 
 
 MASSA MEL. 
 
 Massa, 33, f. a mass ; a lump. 
 
 Masslcus, a, um, adj. Massic, of 
 Massicus, a mountain in Cam- 
 pania, famous for its wine : 
 vinum, Massic wine, 
 
 Massilia, 33, f. a maritime town 
 of Gallia Narbonensis, now 
 Marseilles. 
 
 Mater, tris, f. a mother ; a ma- 
 tron. 
 
 Materia, se, f. a material ; mat- 
 ter; stuff; timber. 
 
 Matrimonium, i, n. matrimony; 
 marriage. 
 
 Matrona, 33, f. a matron ; a mar- 
 ried woman. 
 
 Matrona, 83, f. a river of Gaul, 
 now the Marne. 
 
 Maturesco, maturescere, matu- 
 rui, inc. to ripen; to grow 
 ripe; from 
 
 Maturus, a, um, adj. (ior, rimus 
 or isslmus,) ripe; mature; 
 perfect. 
 
 Mauritania, 83, f. a country in 
 the western part of Africa, 
 extending from JYumidia to 
 the Atlantic ocean. 
 
 Mausolus, i, m. a king of Ca- 
 rta. 
 
 Maxilla, 83, f. a jaw; a jaw- 
 bone. 
 
 Maxime, adv. (sup. of magis,) 
 most of all ; especially ; great- 
 ly. 
 
 Maximus, i,m. a Roman surname: 
 Q,u. Fabius Maximus, a dis- 
 tinguished Roman general. 
 
 Maximus, a, um, adj. (sup. of 
 magnus,) greatest ; eldest : 
 maximus natu. See Natu. 
 
 Mecum, (me & cum, § 133, 4,) 
 with me. 
 
 Medeor, eri, dep. § 170 ; to cure ; 
 to heal. 
 
 Medicina, 33, f. medicine. 
 
 Medico, are, avi, atum, a. to heal ; 
 to administer medicine ; to 
 medicate ; to prepare medi- 
 cally ; to embalm. 
 
 Medicus, i, m. a physician. 
 
 Meditatus, a, um, part, designed; 
 practised; from 
 
 Medltor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 meditate ; to reflect ; to prac- 
 tise. 
 
 Medius, a, um, adj. middle ; the 
 midst, § 205, R. 17 : medium, 
 the middle. 
 
 Mediomatrici, orum, m. pi. a 
 people of Belgic Gaul. 
 
 Medusa, 33, f. one of the three 
 Gorgons. 
 
 Megara, 83, f. the capital of Meg- 
 aris. 
 
 Megarenses, ium, m. pi. Mega- 
 rensians m , the inhabitants of 
 Megara. 
 
 Megaris, idis, f. a small country 
 of Greece. 
 
 Megasthenes, is, m. a Greek his- 
 torian, whose tvorks have been 
 lost. 
 
 Mehercu!e, adv. by Hercules 
 truly certainly. 
 
 Mel, lis, n. honey. 
 
MELEAGRUS METALLUM. 
 
 211 
 
 Meleagrus & -ager, gri, m. a 
 king of Calydonia. 
 
 Melior, us, adj. (comp. of bonus, 
 § 125, 5,) better. 
 
 Melius, adv. (comp. of bene,) 
 better. 
 
 Membrana, se, f. a thin skin ; a 
 membrane; parchment. 
 
 Membrum, i, n. a limb ; a mem- 
 ber. 
 
 Me mini, def. pret. § 183 ; I re- 
 member ; I relate. 
 
 Memor, oris, adj. mindful. 
 
 Memorabllis, e, adj. memorable ; 
 remarkable ; worthy of being 
 mentioned. 
 
 Memoria, se, f. memory. 
 
 Memoro, are, avi, atum, a. to re- 
 member ; to say ; to men- 
 tion. 
 
 Memphis, is, f. a large city of 
 Egypt. 
 
 Mendacium, i, n. a falsehood ; 
 from 
 
 Mendax, acis, adj. false ; lying. 
 
 Menelaus, i, m. a king of Spar- 
 ta, the son of Atreus, and hus- 
 band of Helen. 
 
 Menenius, i, m. (Agrippa,) a Ro- 
 man, distinguished for his suc- 
 cess in reconciling the plebe- 
 ians to the patricians. 
 
 Mens, tis, f. the mind ; the will ; 
 the understanding. 
 
 Mensis, is, m. a month. 
 
 Mentio, onis, f. (memlni,) mention 
 or a speaking of. 
 
 Mentior. iri, itus sum, dep. to lie ; 
 18* 
 
 to assert falsely ; to feign; to 
 deceive. 
 
 Mercator, oris, m. (mercor,) a 
 merchant ; a trader. 
 
 Mercatura, se, f. § 102, 7 ; mer- 
 chandise ; trade. 
 
 Mercatus, us, m. a market; a 
 mart ; a fair ; an emporium ; 
 a sale. 
 
 Merces, edis, f. (mereo,) wages ; 
 a reward ; a price. 
 
 Mercurius, i, m. Mercury, the son 
 of Jupiter and Maia. He teas 
 the messenger of the gods. 
 
 Mereo, ere, ui, ltum, n. to de- 
 serve ; to gain ; to acquire. 
 
 Mereor, eri, itus sum, dep. to de- 
 serve ; to earn. 
 
 Mergo, mergere, mersi, mersum, 
 a. to sink ; to dip under. 
 
 Meridianus, a, um, adj. southern ; 
 south ; at noon-day ; from 
 
 Meridies, iei, m. (medius & dies,) 
 noon; mid-day; south. 
 
 Merito, adv. with reason ; with 
 good reason ; deservedly. 
 
 Merftum, i, n. (mereo,) merit; 
 desert. 
 
 Mersi. See Mergo. 
 
 Mersus, a, um, part, (mergo.) 
 
 Merula, se, f. a blackbird. 
 
 Merx, cis, f. merchandise. 
 
 Messis, is, f. (meto,) the har- 
 vest. 
 
 Meta, se, f. a goal ; a limit. 
 
 Metagonium, i, n. a promontory 
 in the northern part of Africa. 
 
 Metallum, i, n. metal ; a mine. 
 
212 
 
 METANIRA MIRATUS. 
 
 Metanira, ee, f. the wife of Celeus, 
 king of Eleusis. 
 
 Metellus, i, m. the name of an il- 
 lustrious family at Rome. 
 
 Metior, metiri, mensus sum, dep. 
 to measure. 
 
 Metius, i, m. (Suffetius,) an Al- 
 ban general, put to death by 
 Tullus Hostilius. 
 
 Meto, metere, messui, messum, 
 a. to reap ; to mow. 
 
 Metuo, metuere, metui, a. to 
 fear; from 
 
 Metus, us, m.fear. 
 
 Meus, a, um, pro. § 139 ; (ego,) 
 my; mine. 
 
 Micipsa, ee, m. a king of Nu- 
 midia. 
 
 Mico, are, ui, n. to shine. 
 
 Midas, se, m. a king of Phinjgia, 
 distinguished for his luealth. 
 
 Migro, are, avi, atum, n. to re- 
 move ; to migrate ; to wan- 
 der. 
 
 Mihi. See Ego. 
 
 Miles, itis, c. a soldier ; the sol- 
 diery. 
 
 Miletus, i, f. the capital of Ionia, 
 near the borders of Caria. 
 
 Militia, ae, f. (miles,) war ; mili- 
 tary service. 
 
 Milito, are, avi, aturn, n. to serve 
 in war. 
 
 Mille, n. ind. (in sing.) a thou- 
 sand: millia, um, pi. mille, 
 adj. lid. § 118, 6. 
 
 Milliarium, i, n. a milestone; a 
 mile or 5000 Roman feet: 
 
 ad quintum milliarium urbis, 
 within five miles of the city. 
 
 Miltiades, is, m. a celebrated 
 Athenian general, who con- 
 quered the Persians. 
 
 Milvius. i. m. a kite. 
 
 Minae, arum, f. pi. § 96 ; threats. 
 
 Minatus, a, um, part, (minor.) 
 
 Minerva, 89, f. the daughter of 
 Jupiter, and goddess of war 
 and wisdom. 
 
 Minlme, adv. (sup. of parum,) 
 least ; at least ; not at all. 
 
 Minimus, a, um, adj. (sup. of 
 parvus,) the least ; the small- 
 est. 
 
 Ministerium, i, n (minister,) ser- 
 vice ; labor. 
 
 Minium, i, n. red lead; vermil- 
 ion. 
 
 Minor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 threaten ; to menace. 
 
 Minor, oris, adj. (comp. of par- 
 vus,) less ; smaller ; weak- 
 er. 
 
 Minos, ois, m. a son of Europa, 
 and king of Crete. 
 
 Minuo, minuere, minui, minu- 
 tum, a. to diminish. 
 
 Minus, adv. (minor,) (comp. of 
 parum,) less: quo minus or 
 quominus, that — not. 
 
 Miraculum, i, n. (miror,) a mira- 
 cle ; a wonder. 
 
 Mirabilis, e, adj. wonderful ; as- 
 tonishing. 
 
 Miratus, a, um, part (miror,) won* 
 dering at. 
 
MIRE MONEO. 
 
 213 
 
 Mire, adv. (minis,) wonderfully ; 
 
 remarkably. 
 Miror, ari, atus sum, dep. to won- 
 der at ; to admire ; from 
 Mirus, a, um, adj. wonderful; 
 
 surprising. 
 Misceo, miscere, miscui, mistum 
 
 or mixtum, a. to mingle ; to 
 
 mix. 
 Miser, era, erum, adj. miserable ; 
 
 unhappy; wretched; sad. 
 Miseratus, a, um, part, (miseror.) 
 Misereor, misereri, miseritus or 
 
 misertus sum, dep. to have 
 
 compassion ; to pity. 
 Miseret, miseruit, miserltum est, 
 
 imp. it pitieth: me miseret, 
 
 Ipity. 
 Misericordia, se, f. (misericors,) 
 
 pity ; compassion. 
 Miseror, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 
 pity. 
 Misi. See Mitto. 
 Mistus, & Mixtus, a, um, part. 
 
 (misceo.) 
 Mithridates, is, m. a celebrated 
 
 king of Pontus. 
 Mithridaticus, a, um, adj. be- 
 longing to Mithridates ; Mith- 
 
 ridatic. 
 Mitis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) mild; 
 
 meek ; kind ; humane. 
 Mitto, mittere, misi, missum, a. 
 
 to send; to throw; to bring 
 
 forth ; to produce ; to afford : 
 
 mittere se in aquam, to plunge 
 
 into the water. 
 Mixtus. See Mistus. 
 
 Modicus, a, um, adj. moderate; 
 of moderate size ; small. 
 
 Modius, i, m. a measure ; a half 
 bushel. 
 
 Modo, adv. now ; only ; but : 
 modo — modo, sometimes — 
 sometimes: — conj. (for si modo 
 or dummodo,) provided that ; 
 if only. 
 
 Modus, i, m. a measure ; a man- 
 ner ; a way ; degree ; limit ; 
 moderation. 
 
 Mcenia, um, n. pi. the walls of 
 a city. 
 
 Mcenus, i, m. the Maine, a river 
 of Germany, and a branch 
 of the Rhine. 
 
 Mcerens, tis, part, from 
 
 Mcereo, mcerere, neut. pass, to be 
 sad; to mourn. 
 
 Mceris, is, m. a lake in Egypt. 
 
 Moles, is, f. a mass ; a bulk ; a 
 burden ; a weight ; a pile. 
 
 Molestus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
 mus,) irksome; severe; trouble- 
 some ; oppressive ; unwel- 
 come. 
 
 Mollio, ire, ivi, itum, a. to soften ; 
 to moderate ; from 
 
 Mollis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) soft ; 
 tender. 
 
 Molossi, orum, m. pi. the Moloss- 
 ians, a people ofEplrus. 
 
 Momordi. See Mordeo. 
 
 Monens, tis, part, from 
 
 Moneo, ere, ui, Itum, a. to ad- 
 vise ; to remind ; to warn ; to 
 admonish. 
 
214 
 
 MONIMENTUM MTJS. 
 
 Monimentum or -umentum, i, n. 
 § 102, 4 ; a monument ; a me- 
 morial ; a record. 
 
 Mons, tis, m. a mountain; a 
 mount. 
 
 Monstro, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 show ; to point out. 
 
 Mora, se, f. delay. 
 
 Morbus, i, m. a disease. 
 
 Mordax, acis, adj. biting; sharp ; 
 snappish; from 
 
 Mordeo, mordere, momordi, mor- 
 sum, a. to bite. 
 
 Mores. See Mos. 
 
 Moriens, tis, part, from 
 
 Morior, mori & moriri, mortuus 
 sum, dep. § 174 ; to die. 
 
 Moror, ari, atus sum, dep. to de- 
 lay ; to tarry ; to stay ; to re- 
 main : nihil moror, I care not 
 for ; I value not. 
 
 Morosus, a, um, adj. morose ; 
 peevish ; fretful ; cross. 
 
 Mors, tis, f. death. 
 
 Morsus, us, m. a bite ; biting. 
 
 Mortalis, e, adj. mortal. 
 
 Mortuus, a, um, part (mori- 
 or.) dead, 
 
 Mos, moris, m. a custom : more, 
 after the manner of ; like : 
 mores, conduct ; deportment ; 
 manners; customs. 
 
 Mossyni, orum, m. pi. a people 
 of Asia Minor, near the Eux- 
 ine. 
 
 Motus, us, m. motion : terrse mo- 
 tus, an earthquake. 
 
 Motus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Moveo, movere, movi, motum, a- 
 to move ; to stir ; to excite 
 
 Mox, adv. soon ; soon after ; by 
 and by. 
 
 Mucius, i, m. (Scsevola,) a Ro- 
 man, celebrated for his forti- 
 tude. 
 
 Muliebris, e, adj. womanly ; fe- 
 male; from 
 
 Mulier, eris, f. a woman. 
 
 Multitudo, inis, f. (multus,) a mul- 
 titude. 
 
 Multo or -cto, are, avi, atum, a. 
 to punish ; to fine ; to impose 
 a fine ; to sentence to pay a 
 fine. 
 
 Multo, & Multum, adv. much ; by 
 far. 
 
 Multus, a, um, adj. much; many. 
 
 Mummius, i, m. a Roman gene- 
 ral. 
 
 Mundus, i, m. the world ; the uni- 
 verse. 
 
 Muniendus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Munio, ire, Ivi, Itum, a. to forti- 
 fy : viam, to open or prepare 
 a road. 
 
 Munus, eris, n. an office ; a gift ; 
 a present; a favor ; a re- 
 ward. 
 
 Muralis, e, adj. pertaining to a 
 wall : corona, the mural 
 crown, given to him who first 
 mounted the wall of a besieg- 
 ed town ; from 
 
 Murus, i, m. a wall ; a wall of a 
 town. 
 
 Mus, muris, m. a mouse 
 
MUSA NAVIGO. 
 
 215 
 
 Musa, ee, f. a muse ; a song, 
 
 Musca, ee, f. a fly. 
 
 Musculus, i, m. dim. (mus, § 100, 
 
 3,) a little mouse. 
 Muslce, es, & Musica, se, f. 
 
 (musa,) music; the art of 
 
 music. 
 Music us, a, um, adj. musical. 
 Muto, are, avi, atum, a. to change; 
 
 to transform. 
 Mygdonia, 68, f. a small country 
 
 of Phrygia. 
 Myrmecldes, is, m. an ingenious 
 
 artist of Miletus. 
 Myndius, i, m. a Myndian; an 
 
 inhabitant of Myndus. 
 Myndus, i, f. a city in Caria, 
 
 7t*ar Halicarnassus. 
 Mysia, ee, f. a country of Asia 
 
 Minor, having the Propontis 
 
 on the north, and the Mgean 
 
 sea on the west 
 
 N. 
 
 Nabis, idis, m. a tyrant of Lace- 
 dcemon. 
 
 Nee, adv. verily ; truly. 
 
 Nactus, a, um, part, (nanciscor,) 
 having found. 
 
 Nam, conj. § 198, 5 ; for ; but. 
 
 Nanciscor, nancisci, nactus sum, 
 dep. to get; to find; to meet 
 with. 
 
 Narbonensis, e, adj. Narbonen- 
 sis Gallia, one of the four 
 divisions of Gaul, in the south- 
 eastern part, deriving its name 
 
 from the city of Narbo, now 
 JVarbonne. 
 
 Naris, is, f. the nostril. 
 
 Narro, are, avi, atum, a. to relate ; 
 to tell; to say. 
 
 Nascor, nasci, natus sum, dep. 
 to be born; to grow; to be 
 produced. 
 
 Nasica, ee, m. a surname of Pub- 
 lius Cornelius Scipio. 
 
 Nasus, i, m. a nose. 
 
 Natalis, e, adj. natal: dies na- 
 talis, a birth-day. 
 
 Natans, tis, part, from 
 
 Nato, are, avi, atum, freq. (no,) 
 to swim ; to float. 
 
 Natu, abl. sing. m. by birth : natu 
 minor, the younger : minimus, 
 the youngest: major, the el- 
 der : maximus, the oldest 
 § 126, 4. 
 
 Natura, ee, f. (nascor,) nature; 
 creation ; power. 
 
 Naturalis, e, adj. natural. 
 
 Natus, a, um, part (nascor,) 
 born : octoginta annos natus, 
 eighty years old. 
 
 Natus, i, m. a son. 
 
 Naufragium, i, n. a shipwreck. 
 
 Nauta, ee, m. a sailor. 
 
 Navalis, e, adj. (navis,) naval; 
 belonging to ships. 
 
 Navigabllis, e, adj. navigable. 
 
 Navigatio, onis, f. (navigo,) navi- 
 gation. 
 
 Navigium, i, n. a ship ; a vessel. 
 
 Navigo, are, avi, atum, a. /'navis 
 & ago,) to navigate ; to sail 
 
216 
 
 NAVIS NIMIUM. 
 
 navigatur, imp. navigation is 
 carried on ; they sail, 
 
 Navis, is, f. a ship. 
 
 Ne, conj. not — lest ; lest that ; 
 that — not : ne quidem, not 
 even. §279,3. 
 
 Ne, conj. enclitic : in direct 
 questions, it is often omitted 
 in the translation ; in indirect 
 questions, whether : in a sec- 
 ond question, or. § 265, R. 2. 
 
 Nee, conj. (ne & que,) and not ; 
 hut not; neither; nor. 
 
 Necessarius,a,um, adj.(necesse,) 
 necessary : — subs, a friend. 
 
 Necessitas, atis, f. necessity; 
 duty. 
 
 Neco, are, avi or ui, atum, a. to 
 kill; to destroy ; to slay. 
 
 Nefas, n. ind. (ne & fas,) impie- 
 ty ; wrong. 
 
 Neglectus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Negligo, -ligere, -lexi, -lectum, 
 a. (nee & lego,) to neglect; 
 not to care for; to disregard. 
 
 Nego, are, avi, atum, a. to deny ; 
 to refuse ; to declare that not. 
 
 Negotium, i, n. (ne & otium,) 
 business ; labor ; pains ; dif- 
 ficulty : facili or nullo negotio, 
 easily. 
 
 Nemo, inis, c. (ne & homo,) no 
 one ; no man. 
 
 Nemus, oris, n. a forest ; a grove. 
 
 Nepos, otis, m. a grandson. 
 
 Neptunus, i, m. JYeptune, a son 
 of Saturn and Ops, and the 
 god of the sea. 
 
 Nequaquam, adv. by no means. 
 Neque, conj. (ne & que,) neither ; 
 
 nor ; and — not. 
 Nequeo, ire, ivi, itum, irr. n. (ne 
 
 & queo, § 182, 3,) i" cannot ; 
 
 I am not able. 
 Nequis, -qua, -quod or -quid, pro. 
 
 § 138 ; lest any one ; that no 
 
 one or no thing. 
 Nereis, idis, f. a JYereid; a sea- 
 nymph. The JYereids were 
 
 the daughters of JYereus and 
 
 Doris. 
 Nescio, ire, ivi, itum, n. (ne & 
 
 scio,) to be ignorant of; not 
 
 to know ; can not 
 Nestus, i, m. a river in the west- 
 ern part of Thrace. 
 Neuter, tra, trum, adj. (ne & 
 
 uter, § 107,) neither of the 
 
 two; neither. 
 Nicomedes, is, m. a king of 
 
 Bithynia. 
 Nidiflco, are, avi, atum, a. (nidus 
 
 & facio,) to build a nest. 
 Nidus, i, m. a nest. 
 Niger, gra, grum, adj. black. 
 Nihil, n. ind., or Nihllum, i, n. 
 
 (ne & hilum,) nothing : nihil 
 
 habeo quod, I have no reason 
 
 why. 
 Nihilominus, adv. nevertheless. 
 Nilus, i, m. the Nile ; the largest 
 
 river of Africa. 
 Nimius, a, um, adj. too great; 
 
 excessive ; immoderate. 
 Nimium, & Nimio, adv. too 
 
 much. 
 
N1NUS NUBO. 
 
 217 
 
 Ninus, i, m. a king of Assyria, 
 
 Niobe, es, f. the wife ofAmphwn, 
 king of Thebes. 
 
 Nisi, adv. (ne & si,) unless ; ex- 
 cept ; if not. 
 
 Nisus, i, m. a king of Megaris, 
 and the father of Sylla. 
 
 Nitldus, a, um, adj. (niteo,) 
 shining ; bright ; clear. 
 
 N'tor, oris, m. (niteo,) splendor ; 
 gloss ; brilliancy. 
 
 Nitor, niti, nisus & nixus sum, 
 dep. to strive. 
 
 Nix, nivis, f. snow. 
 
 No, nare, navi, natum, n. to 
 swim. 
 
 Nobllis, e, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 noble; celebrated; famous; 
 of high rank. 
 
 Nobilltas, atis, f. nobility; the 
 nobility; the nobles; a noble 
 spirit; nobleness. 
 
 Nobillto, are, avi, atum, a. to en- 
 noble ; to make famous. 
 
 Noceo, ere, ui, Itum, a. to hurt ; 
 to injure ; to harm. 
 
 Noctu, abl. sing, by night ; in 
 the night time. § 94. 
 
 Noctu rnus, a, um, adj. nightly ; 
 nocturnal. 
 
 Nodus, i, m. a knot ; a tumor. 
 
 Nola, se, f. a city of Campa- 
 nia. 
 
 Nolo, nolle, nolui, irr. n. (non & 
 volo, § 178, 2,) to be unwill- 
 ing : the imperative of nolo, 
 with an infinitive, is translat- 
 ed by not, and the infinitive, 
 
 by an imperative ; as, esse 
 noli, be not. 
 
 Nomades, um, m. pi. a name 
 given to those tribes who wan- 
 der from place to place, with 
 their flocks and herds, having 
 no fixed residence. 
 
 Nomen, inis, n. a name. 
 
 Non, adv. not. 
 
 Nonagesimus, a, um, num. adj. 
 the ninetieth. 
 
 Nonne, adv. (instead of num 
 non,) not ? (in a question.) 
 
 Nonnlhil, n. ind. something. 
 
 Nonnisi, adv. only ; not ; except. 
 
 Nonnullus, a, um, adj. some. 
 
 Nonus, a, um, num. adj. the ninth. 
 
 Nos. See Ego. 
 
 Nosco, noscere, novi, notum, a. 
 § 183, 3, N. ; to know ; to un- 
 derstand; to learn. 
 
 Noster, tra, trum, pro. our. § 139. 
 
 Nota, as, f. a mark. 
 
 Notans, tis, part, from 
 
 Noto, are, avi, atum, a. to mark; 
 to observe ; to stigmatize. 
 
 Notus, a, um, part, (from nosco,) 
 known. 
 
 Novem, ind. num. adj. pi. nine. 
 
 Novus, a, um, adj. (comp. not 
 used ; sup. isslmus,) new ; 
 recent ; fresh. 
 
 Nox, noctis, f. night : de nocte, 
 by night. 
 
 Noxius, a, um, adj. hurtful ; in- 
 jurious. 
 
 Nubes, is, f. a cloud. 
 
 Nubo, nubere, nupsi & nupta 
 
218 
 
 NUD ATUS OBEO . 
 
 sum, nuptum, n. to cover; 
 to veil ; to marry ; to be mar- 
 ried ; (used only of the wife.) 
 
 Nudatus, a, um, part, laid open ; 
 stripped; deprived; from 
 
 Nudo, are, avi, atum, a. to make 
 naked ; to lay open ; from 
 
 Nudus, a, um, adj. naked ; bare, 
 
 Nullus, a, um, gen. lus, § 107, 
 adj. (non ullus,) no ; no one, 
 
 Num, adv. : in translating direct 
 questions, it is commonly 
 omitted ; in indirect questions, 
 it signifies whether, 
 
 Numa, se, m. (Pompilius,) the 
 second king of Rome, and the 
 successor of Romulus, 
 
 Numantia, ee, f. a city of Spain, 
 ivhich was besieged by the Ro- 
 mans for twenty years, 
 
 Numantini, orum, m. pi. JYu- 
 mantines ; the people of Nu- 
 mantia. 
 
 Numen, inis, n. (nuo,) a deity ; a 
 god, 
 
 Numero, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 count ; to number ; to reckon ; 
 from 
 
 Numerus, i, m. a number, 
 
 Numidse, arum, m. pi. the Nu- 
 midians. 
 
 Numidia, ae, f. a country of Africa. 
 
 Numltor, oris, m. the father of 
 Rhea Silvia, and grandfather 
 of Romulus and Remus. 
 
 Nummus, i, m. money. 
 
 Nunc, adv. now: nunc etiam, 
 even now ; still. 
 
 Nuncupo, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 name, 
 
 Nunquam, (ne & unquam,) adv. 
 never. 
 
 Nuntiatus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Nuntio or -cio, are, avi, atum, a. 
 (nuntius,) to announce ; to tell. 
 
 Nuptise, arum, f. pi. nuptials; 
 marriage ; a wedding. 
 
 Nusquam, adv. (ne & usquam,) 
 nowhere ; in no place. 
 
 Nutriendus, a, um, part, to be 
 nourished. 
 
 Nutrio, ire, ivi, itum, a. to nour- 
 ish. 
 
 Nutritus, a, um, part. 
 
 Nutrix, icis, f. a nurse. 
 
 Nympha, se, f. a nymph ; a god- 
 dess presiding over fountains, 
 groves, or rivers, &c 
 
 O. 
 
 O! int. O! ah! 
 
 Ob, prep, for ; on account of; 
 
 before, 
 Obdormisco, -dormiscere, -dor- 
 
 mivi, inc. (ob & dormisco,) to 
 
 fall asleep ; to sleep. 
 Obduco, -ducere, -duxi, -duc- 
 
 tum, a. (ob & duco,) to draw 
 
 over ; to cover over. 
 Ob ductus, a, um, part, spread 
 
 over ; covered over. 
 Obedio, ire, ivi, itum, n. (ob & 
 
 audio,) to obey; to comply 
 
 with ; to be subject to. 
 Obeo, ire, ivi & ii, itum, irr. n. 
 
OBERRO OCCIDENS. 
 
 219 
 
 & a. (ob & eo,) to go to ; to 
 
 discharge ; to execute ; to die, 
 Oberro, are, avi, atum, n. (ob & 
 
 erro,) to wander; to wander 
 
 about. 
 Obltus, us, m. (obeo,) death. 
 Objaceo, ere, ui, Itum, n. (ob & 
 
 jaceo,) to lie against or be- 
 
 fore ; to be opposite. 
 Oojectus, a, um, part, thrown to, 
 
 or in the way ; exposed. 
 Objicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, a. 
 
 (ob & jacio,) to throw before; 
 
 to throw to ; to give ; to object ; 
 
 to expose. 
 Obllgo, are, avi, atum, a. (ob & 
 
 ligo,) to bind ; to oblige ; to 
 
 obligate. 
 Oblique, adv. indirectly ; oblique- 
 ly ; from 
 Obllquus, a, um, adj. oblique ; in- 
 direct ; sidewise. 
 Oblitus, a, um, part forgetting ; 
 
 hav ing forgotten. 
 Obliviscor, oblivisci, oblitus sum, 
 
 dep. to forget. 
 Obnoxius, a, um, adj. obnoxious ; 
 
 subject ; exposed to ; liable. 
 Obruo, -ruere, -rui, -rutum, a. 
 
 (ob & ruo,) to overwhelm ; to 
 
 cover ; to bury. 
 Obrutus, a, um, part burned; 
 
 covered; overwhelmed. 
 Obsouro, are, avi, atum, a. (ob- 
 
 scurus,) to obscure ; to dark- 
 en. 
 Obsecro, are, avi, atum, a. (ob & 
 
 sacro,) to beseech; to conjure. 
 19 
 
 Obsequor, -sequi, -secutus sum, 
 dep. (ob & sequor,) to follow; 
 to serve. 
 
 Observo, are, avi, atum, a. (ob 
 & servo,) to observe ; to 
 watch. 
 
 Obses, idis, c. (obsideo,) a hos- 
 tage. 
 
 Obsessus, a, um, part, besieged; 
 from 
 
 Obsideo, -sidere, -sedi, -sessum, 
 a. (ob & sedeo,) to besiege ; to 
 invest ; to blockade. 
 
 Obsidio, onis, f. a siege. 
 
 Obsidionalis, e, adj. belonging to 
 a siege ; obsidional : corona, 
 a crown given to him who had 
 raised a siege. 
 
 Obstetrix, Icis, f. a midwife. 
 
 Obtestatus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Obtestor, ari, atus sum, dep. (ob 
 & testor,) to conjure; to be- 
 seech ; to entreat. 
 
 Obtineo, -tinere, -tinui, -tentum, 
 a. (ob & teneo,) to hold; to re- 
 tain ; to obtain : obtlnet sen- 
 tentia, the opinio?! prevails. 
 
 Obtulit ^ee Oflero. 
 
 Obviam, adv. in the way ; meeU 
 ing ; to meet : fio or eo obvi- 
 am, I meet ; I go to meet. 
 
 Occasio, onis, f. an occasion ; a 
 good opportunity. 
 
 Occasus, us, m. the setting of 
 the heavenly bodies; the de- 
 scent; evening; the west. 
 
 Occldens, tis, m. the west ; the 
 setting sun ; evening. 
 
220 
 
 GCCIDENTALIS OLYMPIUS . 
 
 Occidentals, e, adj. western ; oc- 
 cidental. 
 
 Occido, occidere, occidi, occisum, 
 a. (ob & csedo,) to kill ; to 
 slay ; to put to death. 
 
 Occido, occidere, occidi, occa- 
 sum, n. (ob & cado,) to fall; 
 to fall down ; to set. 
 
 Occisurus, a, um, part, (occido.) 
 
 Occisus, a, um, part, (occido.) 
 
 Occoecatus, a, um. part, from 
 
 Occceco, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 blind ; to dazzle. 
 
 Occulto, are, avi, atum, freq. 
 (occulo,) to conceal ; to hide. 
 
 Occultor, ari, atus sum, pass, to 
 be concealed; to hide one's 
 self. 
 
 Occupo, are, avi, atum, a. to oc- 
 cupy ; to seize upon ; to take 
 possession of. 
 
 Occurro, -currere, -curri & -cu- 
 curri, -cursum, n. (ob & cur- 
 ro,) to meet ; to go to meet ; to 
 encounter. 
 
 Oceanus, i, m. the ocean; the 
 sea. 
 
 Octavianus, i, m. (Caesar,) the 
 nephew and adopted son of 
 Julius Ccesar, called, after the 
 battle at Actium, Augustus. 
 
 Octavus, a, um, num. adj. (octo,) 
 eighth. 
 
 Octingenti, se, a, num. adj. pi. 
 eight hundred. 
 
 Octo, ind. num. adj. pi. eight. 
 
 Octoginta, ind. num. adj. pi. 
 eighty. 
 
 Oculus, i, m. an eye. 
 
 Odi, odisse, def. pret. § 183, 1 ; 
 to hate ; to detest. 
 
 Odium, i, n. hatred. 
 
 Odor, oris, m. a smell : pi. odores, 
 odors ; perfumes. 
 
 Odoror, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 smell. 
 
 (Eneus, ei & eos, m. a king of 
 Calydon, and father of Meled- 
 ger and Dejanlra. 
 
 (Enomaus, i, m. § 9 ; the name of 
 a celebrated gladiator. 
 
 CEta, se, m. a mountain in Thes- 
 saly, on the borders of Do- 
 ris. 
 
 Ofrero, offerre, obtuli, oblatum, 
 irr. a. (ob & fero, § 196, 7,) to 
 offer; to present. 
 
 Officina, ge, f. a work-shop ; an 
 office. 
 
 Officio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum, a. 
 (ob & facio,) to stand in the 
 way of; to injure ; to hurt. 
 
 Officium, i, n. duty ; a kindness ; 
 an obligation; politeness ; ci- 
 vility ; attention. 
 
 Olea, se, f. an olive-tree. 
 
 Oleum, i, n. oil. 
 
 Olim, adv. formerly ; sometime. 
 
 Olor, oris, m. a swan. 
 
 Olus, eris, n. herbs ; potherbs. 
 
 Olympia, se, f. a town and dis- 
 trict of the Peloponnesus, up- 
 on the Alpheus. 
 
 Olymplcus, a, um, adj. Olympic, 
 pertaining to Olympia. 
 
 Olympius, a, um, adj. Olympian 
 
OLYMPUS ORB IS 
 
 221 
 
 pertaining to Olympus or to 
 Olympia. 
 
 Olympus, i, m. a high mountain 
 between Thessaly and Mace- 
 don. 
 
 Omen, inis, n. an omen ; a sign. 
 
 Omnis, e, adj. all ; every ; every 
 one : omnes, all : omnia, all 
 things : with sine, it may sig- 
 nify any ; as, sine omni dis- 
 ci or dia, without any discord. 
 
 Onus, eris, n. a burden ; a load. 
 
 Onustus, a, um, adj. laden ; full 
 
 of- 
 
 Opera, se, f. labor; pains: dare 
 operam alicui, to attend to a 
 thing ; to devote one's self to 
 it. 
 
 Operor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 labor ; to work. 
 
 Opimus, a, um, adj. (comp. ior,) 
 rich ; fruitful ; fat ; dain- 
 ty. 
 
 Oportet, ere, uit, imp. it behoves ; 
 it is meet, fit, or proper ; it is 
 a duty ; we ought. 
 
 Opptdum, i, n. a walled town ; a 
 town. 
 
 Oppono, -ponere, -posui, -posi- 
 tum, a. (ob & pono,) to op- 
 pose ; to set against. 
 
 Opportunus, a, um, adj. (ior, is- 
 simus,) seasonable; commodi- 
 ous ; convenient ; favorable. 
 
 Opposltus, a, um, part opposed; 
 opposite. 
 
 Opprfmo, -primere, pressi, -pres- 
 sum, a. (ob & premo,) to op- 
 
 press ; to overpower ; to sub- 
 due. 
 
 Oppugnatus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Oppugno, are, avi, atum, a. (ob 
 & pugno,) to assault; to be- 
 siege ; to attempt to take by 
 force ; to storm. 
 
 (Ops, nom., not in use, § 94,) 
 opis, gen. f. aid; help; means; 
 assistance: opes, pi. wealth; 
 riches ; resources ; power. 
 
 Optlme, adv. (sup. of bene,) very 
 well ; excellently ; best. 
 
 Optlmus, a, um, adj. (sup. of bo- 
 nus,) best ; most worthy. 
 
 Optio, onis, f. a choice ; an op- 
 tion; from 
 
 Opto, are, avi, atum, a. to de- 
 sire. 
 
 Opulens, & Opulentus, a, um, 
 adj. (ior, isslmus,) rich ; opu- 
 lent; wealthy. 
 
 Opus, eris, n. a work ; a labor ; 
 a task. 
 
 Ora, se, f. a coast; a shore. 
 
 Ora, pi. See Os. 
 
 Oraculum, i, n. (oro,) an oracle ; 
 a response. 
 
 Orans, tis, part (oro.) 
 
 Oratio, onis, f. (oro,) a discourse ; 
 an oration. 
 
 Orator, oris, m. (oro,) an orator ; 
 an ambassador. 
 
 Orb atus, a, um, part, (orbo,) be 
 reaved or deprived of. 
 
 Orbelus, i, m. a mountain of 
 Thrace or Macedonia. 
 
 Orbis, is, m. an orb ; a circle : in 
 
222 
 
 ORBO PACTUS. 
 
 orbem jacere, to lie round in 
 a circle : orbis, or orbis terra- 
 rum, the world. 
 
 Orbo, are, avi, atum, a. to de- 
 prive ; to bereave of. 
 
 Orcus, i, m, Pluto, the god of the 
 lower world ; the infernal re- 
 gions. 
 
 OrdTrto, are, avi, atum, a. to or- 
 der ; to ordain ; to arrange. 
 
 Ordo, inis, m. order; arrange- 
 ment; a row: ordines remo- 
 rum, banks of oars. 
 
 Oriens, tis, m. (orior,) the east; 
 the morning. 
 
 Oriens, part, (orior.) 
 
 Orientalis, e, adj. eastern. 
 
 Origo, mis, f. source ; origin : 
 originem ducere, to derive 
 one's origin ; from 
 
 Orior, oriri, ortus sum, dep. § 177 ; 
 to arise ; to begin ; to appear. 
 
 Ornamentum, i, n. (orno,) an or- 
 nament 
 
 Ornatus, us, m. an ornament; 
 from 
 
 Orno, are, avi, atum, a. to adorn ; 
 to deck. 
 
 Oro, are, avi, atum, a. to beg; to 
 entreat. 
 
 Orodes, is, m, a king of Parthia, 
 ivho took and destroyed Cr as- 
 sies. 
 
 Orpheus, e'i & eos, m. a cele- 
 brated poet and musician of 
 Thrace. 
 
 Ortus, a, um, part, (orior,) having 
 arisen ; risen ; bom ; begun. 
 
 Ortus, us, m. a rising ; east. 
 
 Os, oris, n. the mouth; the face. 
 
 Os, ossis, n. a bone. 
 
 Ossa, se, m. a high mountain in 
 Thessaly. 
 
 Ostendo, -tendere, -tendi, -ten- 
 sum & tentum, a. (ob & 
 tendo,) to show ; to point out; 
 to exhibit. 
 
 Ostia, se, f. a town, built by An- 
 cus Marcius, at the mouth of 
 the Tiber; from 
 
 Ostium, i, n. a mouth of a river. 
 
 Ostrea, 89, f. pi. ostrea, orum, n. 
 an oyster. 
 
 Otium, i, n. leisure ; quiet ; ease ; 
 idleness. 
 
 Otos, i, m. a son of Neptune, or 
 of Moeus. 
 
 Ovis, is, f. a sheep. 
 
 Ovum, i, n. an egg. 
 
 P., an abbreviation of Publius. 
 
 Pabulum, i, n. (pasco, )food; fod- 
 der. 
 
 Paciscor, pacisci, pactus sum, 
 dep. to make a compact; to 
 form a treaty; to bargain; 
 to agree. 
 
 Pactolus, i, m. a river of Lydia, 
 famous for its golden sands. 
 
 Pactum, i, n. (paciscor,) an 
 agreement ; a contract : quo 
 pacto, in what manner 
 how. 
 
 Pactus, a, um, part, (paciscor 
 
PADUS PARTHUS. 
 
 223 
 
 Padus, j, m. the largest river of 
 Italy, now the Po. 
 
 PsBne, or Pene, adv. almost; 
 nearly. 
 
 Palea, se, f. chaff. 
 
 Palma, se, f. the palm of the 
 hand; a palm-tree. 
 
 Palpebra, ae, f. the eyelid : pi. the 
 eyelashes. 
 
 Palus, udis, f. a marsh ; a swamp; 
 a lake. 
 
 Paluster, palustris, palustre, adj. 
 marshy. 
 
 Pan, Panis, m. the god of shep- 
 herds. 
 
 Pando, pandere, pansum & pas- 
 sum, a. to open; to expand; 
 to spread out. 
 
 Panionium, i, n. a sacred place 
 near mount Mycale in Io- 
 nia. 
 
 Panis, is, m. bread. 
 
 Panthera, se, f. a panther. 
 
 Papirius, i, in. the name of sever- 
 al Romans. 
 
 Papyrus, d. g. & Papyrum, i, n. 
 an Egyptian plant or reed, 
 of which paper was made ; the 
 papyrus. 
 
 Paratus, a, um, part. & adj. (ior, 
 isslmus,) (paro,) prepared; 
 ready. 
 
 Parcae, arum, f. pi. the Fates. 
 
 Parco, parcere, peperci or parsi, 
 to spare. 
 
 Pardus, i, m. a male panther ; a 
 para\ 
 
 Parens, tis, c. (pario,) a parent; 
 19* 
 
 father; mother; creator; au- 
 thor; inventor. 
 
 Pareo, ere, ui, n. to obey ; to be 
 subject to. 
 
 Paries, etis, m. a wall. 
 
 Pario, parere, peperi, partum, a. 
 to bear; to bring forth ; to 
 cause; to produce; to obtain; 
 to gain : ovum, to lay an 
 
 Paris, Idis or idos, m. a son of 
 Priam, king of Troy, and the 
 brother of Hector. 
 
 Pariter, adv. in like manner; 
 equally ; at the same time. 
 
 Parnassus, i, m. a mountain of 
 Phocis, whose two summits 
 were sacred to Apollo and 
 Bacchus, and upon which the 
 Muses were fabled to reside. 
 
 Paro, are, avi, atum, a. to pre- 
 pare ; to provide ; to procure ; 
 to obtain ; to equip : parare 
 insidias, to lay plots against. 
 
 Paropamisus, i, m. a ridge of 
 mountains in the north of In- 
 dia. 
 
 Pars, tis, f. apart; a share; a 
 portion ; a region ; a party : 
 magnam partem, for the most 
 part : in utraque parte, on 
 each side : magna, ex parte, 
 in a great measure ; for the 
 most part. 
 
 Parsimonia, se, f. (pasco,) fru- 
 gality. 
 
 Parthus, 1, m. an inliabitant of 
 Parthia ; a Parthian. 
 
224 
 
 P ARTICUL A P AULL US . 
 
 Particula, se, f. dim. (pars,) a 
 particle ; a small part. 
 
 Partiendus, a, um,part. (partior.) 
 
 Partim, adv. (pars,) partly ; in 
 part 
 
 Partior, Iri, Itus sum, dep. (pars,) 
 to divide ; to share. 
 
 Partus, a, um, part, (pario.) 
 
 Partus, us, m. a birth ; offspring. 
 
 Parum, adv. (minus, minime, 
 § 174,) little ; too little. 
 
 Parvulus, a, um, dim. adj. small ; 
 very small ; from 
 
 Parvus, a, um, adj. (minor, mini- 
 mus, § 125, 5,) small or little ; 
 less ; the least. 
 
 Pasco, pascere, pavi, pastum, a. 
 to feed. 
 
 Pascor, pasci, pastus sum, dep. 
 to feed ; to graze ; to feed 
 upon. 
 
 Passer, eris, m. a sparrow. 
 
 Passim, adv. here and there; 
 every where; in every direc- 
 tion. 
 
 Passurus, a, um, part, (patior.) 
 
 Passus, a, um, part, (patior,) hav- 
 ing suffered. 
 
 Passus, a, um, part, (pando,) 
 stretched out ; hungup; dried: 
 uva passa, a raisin. 
 
 Passus, us, m. a;pace ; a measure 
 of 5 feet : mille passuum, a 
 mile or 5000 feet. 
 
 Pastor oris, m. (pasco,) a shep- 
 herd. 
 
 Patefacio, facere, feci, factum, 
 a. (pateo & facio,) to open; 
 
 to disclose; to discover < k> 
 detect. 
 
 Patefio, fieri, factus sum, </r. 
 § 180, N. ; to be laid open or 
 discovered. 
 
 Patefactus, a, um, part, opened ; 
 discovered. 
 
 Patens, tis, part. & adj. lying 
 open; open; clear; from 
 
 Pateo, ere, ui, n. to be open ; to 
 stand open ; to extend. 
 
 Pater, tris, m. a father : patre% 
 fathers ; senators : paterfa- 
 milias, patrisfamilias, § 91 ; 
 the master of a family; a 
 housekeeper. 
 
 Paternus, a, um, adj. paternal. 
 
 Patientia, se, f. patience ; hairi- 
 ness ; from 
 
 Patior, pati, passus sum, dep. to 
 suffer ; to endure ; to let ; to 
 allow. 
 
 P atria, se, f. (patrius,) one's na- 
 tive country; one's birthplace. 
 
 Patrimonium, i, n. (pater,) patri- 
 mony; inheritance. 
 
 Patrocinium, i, n. patronage; 
 from 
 
 Patronus, i, m. (pater,) a patron; 
 protector. 
 
 Patruelis, is, c. a cousin (by the 
 father's side.) 
 
 Pauci, 39, a, adj. ipl.few ; a few. 
 
 Paulatim, adv. gradually ; little 
 by little. 
 
 Paulo, or Paullo, adv. a little. 
 
 Paululum, adv. a little. 
 
 Paullus, or Paulus, i, m, a cog- 
 
PAUPER PERCONTOR. 
 
 225 
 
 nomen or surname in the 
 
 JEmilian tribe. 
 Pauper, eris, adj. (ior, rimus,) 
 
 poor. 
 Pauperies, ei, f. poverty. 
 Paupertas, atis, f. poverty; in- 
 digence. 
 Paveo, pavere, pavi, n. to fear; 
 
 to be afraid. 
 Pavo, onis, c. a peacock. 
 Pax, pacis, f. peace. 
 Pecco, are, avi, atum, n. to sin ; 
 
 to commit a fault. 
 Pecto, pectere, pexi & pexui, 
 
 pexum, a. to comb ; to dress. 
 Pectus, oris, n. the breast. 
 Pecunia, se, f. money ; a sum of 
 
 money. 
 Pecus, udis, f. a sheep ; a beast. 
 Pecus, oris, n. cattle; a herd; a 
 
 flock. 
 Pedes, itis, c. (pes,) one on foot ; 
 
 afoot-soldier. 
 Pelagus, i, n. the sea. 
 Peleus, i, m. a king of Thes- 
 
 saly, the son of JEacus, and 
 
 father of Achilles. 
 Pelias, se, m. a king of Thessa- 
 
 ly, and son of JYeptune. 
 Peligni, orum, m. pi. a people of 
 
 Italy, whose counti~y lay be- 
 tween the Aternus and the 
 
 Sagrus. 
 Pelion, i, n. a lofty mountain in 
 
 Thessaly. 
 Pellicio, -licere, -lexi, -lectum, 
 
 a. (per & lacio,) to allure ; to 
 
 entice ; to inmte. 
 
 Pellis, is, f. the skin. 
 
 Pello, pellere, pepuli, pulsum, a. 
 to drive away ; to banish ; to 
 expel ; to dispossess ; to beat. 
 
 Peloponnesus, i, f. a peninsula 
 of Greece, now called the 
 Morea. 
 
 Pelusium, i, n. a town of Egypt 
 
 Pendens, tis, part, hanging ; im- 
 pending. 
 
 Pendeo, pendere, pependi, pen- 
 sum, n. to hang. 
 
 Pene, adv. almost. 
 
 Penetrale, is, n. the inner part 
 of a house. 
 
 Penetro, are, avi, atum, (penltus,) 
 a. to penetrate ; to enter. 
 
 Peneus, i, m. the principal river 
 of Thessaly, flowing between 
 Ossa and Olympus. 
 
 Peninsula, 89, f. (pene & insula,) 
 a peninsula. 
 
 Penna, se, f. a feather ; a quill; 
 a wing. 
 
 Pensllis, e, adj. (pendeo,) hang- 
 ing ; pendent. 
 
 Permria, se, f. want ; scarcity. 
 
 Peperci. See Parco. 
 
 Pepuli. See Pello. 
 
 Peperi. See Pario. 
 
 Per, prep, by; through; for; 
 during; along. 
 
 Pera, se, f. a wallet; a bag. 
 
 Peragro, are, avi, atum, n. (per 
 & ager,) to travel through; 
 to go through or over. 
 
 Percontor & -cunctor, ari, atua 
 sum, dep. to ask ; to inquire 
 
226 
 
 PERCUNCTATUS PERMUTO. 
 
 Percunctatus, a, um, part (per- 
 cunctor.) 
 
 Percussor, oris, m. a murderer; 
 an assassin ; one who wounds ; 
 from 
 
 Percutio,-cutere, cussi,-cussum, 
 a. (per & quatio,) to strike; 
 to wound : securi, to behead, 
 
 Perdite, adv. very; vehemently; 
 exceedingly; desperately; from 
 
 Perditus, a, um, part & adj. 
 (per do,) ruined; lost; un- 
 done; desperate, 
 
 Perdix, icis, f. a partridge, 
 
 Perdo, -dere, -didi, -dltum, a. 
 (per & do,) to ruin ; to lose ; 
 to destroy, 
 
 Perduco, -ducere, -duxi, -duc- 
 tum, a. (per & duco,) to lead 
 to, 
 
 Perductus, a, um, part, brought; 
 led; conducted. 
 
 Perigrinatio, orris, f. foreign trav- 
 el ; a residence in a foreign 
 country, 
 
 Peregrinus, a, um, adj. foreign, 
 
 Perennis, e, adj. (per & annus,) 
 continual ; lasting ; unceas- 
 ing ; everlasting; perennial. 
 
 Pereo, -Ire, -ii, -Itum, irr. n. 
 to perish; to be slain; to be 
 lost, 
 
 Perfidia, se, f. perfidy ; from 
 
 Perfidus, a, um, adj. (per & 
 fides,) perfidious, 
 
 Pergamum, i, n., & -us, i, f., pi. 
 -a, orum, n. the citadel of 
 Troy; also, a city of Mysia* 
 
 situated upon the river Cat- 
 cus. It was here that parch- 
 ment was first made, which 
 is hence called membrana Per- 
 gami. 
 
 Pergo, pergfcre, perrexi, perrec- 
 tum, n. (per & rego,) to ad- 
 vance ; to continue. 
 
 Pericles, is, m. an eminent orator 
 and statesman of Athens. 
 
 Periculosus, a, um, adj. danger- 
 ous ; perilous ; hazardous ; 
 from 
 
 Periculum, & Periclum, i, n. 
 danger; peril. 
 
 Periturus, a, um, part (pere©.) 
 
 Peritus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 skilful; experienced, 
 
 Permeo, are, avi, atum, n. (per & 
 meo,) to go through; to fiow 
 through ; to penetrate ; toper 
 meate. 
 
 Permisceo, -miscere, -miscui, 
 -mistum & -mixtum, a. (per 
 & misceo,) to mix ; to min- 
 gle, 
 
 Permistus, a, um, part, mixed; 
 mingled; confused, 
 
 Permitto, -mittere, -misi, -mis- 
 sum, a. (per & mitto,) to com- 
 mit ; to intrust ; to permit ; 
 to allow ; to give leave to ; 
 to grant, 
 
 Permutatio, orris, f. exchange ; 
 change; from 
 
 Permuto, are, avi, atum, a. (per 
 & muto,) to change; to ex- 
 change. 
 
PERNIC1ES PETKEA. 
 
 227 
 
 Pernicies, ei, £ (pern£co,)des£ruc- 
 tion ; extermination, 
 
 Perniciosus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
 mus,) pernicious ; hurtful. 
 
 Perpendo, -pendere, -pendi, -pen- 
 sum, a. (per & pendo,) to 
 ponder ; to weigh ; to consid- 
 er. 
 
 Perperam, adv. wrong; amiss; 
 rashly ; unjustly ; absurdly ; 
 falsely. 
 
 Perpetior, -peti, -pessus sum, 
 dep. (per & patior,) to bear ; 
 to suffer; to endure. 
 
 Perpetuus, a, um, adj. perpetual ; 
 constant. 
 
 Perrexi. See Pergo. 
 
 Persa, eg, m. a Persian; an in- 
 habitant of Persia. 
 
 Persecutus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Persequor, -sequi, -secutus sum, 
 dep. (per & sequor,) to pur- 
 sue ; to follow; to continue ; 
 to persevere in ; to perse- 
 cute. 
 
 Perseus, ei & eos, m. the son of 
 Jupiter and Danae ; also, the 
 last king of Macedon. 
 
 Perslcus, a, urn, adj. of Persia ; 
 Persian. 
 
 Perspicio, -spicere, -spexi, -spec- 
 turn, a. (per & specio,) to see 
 through; to discern ; to become 
 acquainted with ; to discover. 
 
 Persuadeo, -suadere, -suasi, -sua- 
 sum, a. (per & suadeo,) to 
 persuade. 
 
 Perterreo, -terrere, -terrui, -terrl- 
 
 tum, a. (per & terreo,) to 
 frighten greatly. 
 Perterrltus, a, um, part, affright 
 
 ed ; discouraged. 
 Pertinaclter, adv. (ius, isslme,) 
 
 obstinately ; constantly ; per- 
 
 stveringly. 
 Pertlnax, acis, adj. (ior, issimus, 
 
 obstinate; wilful. 
 Pertineo, -tinere, -tinui, n. (per 
 
 & teneo,) to extend ; to reach 
 
 to. 
 Pervenio, -venire, -veni, -ventum, 
 
 n. (per & venio,) to come to ; 
 
 to arrive at ; to reach. 
 Pervenltur, pass. imp. one comes ; 
 
 they come; we come, &c. 
 Pervius, a, um, adj. (per & via,) 
 
 pervious ; which may be pass- 
 ed through ; passable. 
 Pes, pedis, m. afoot. 
 Pessum, adv. down; under foot , 
 
 to the bottom. 
 Pestilentia, se, f. (pestllens,) a 
 
 pestilence ; a plague. 
 Petens, tis, part, (peto.) 
 Petitio, onis, f. a petition ; a can- 
 vassing or soliciting for an 
 
 office ; from 
 Peto, ere, ivi, itum, a. to ask ; to 
 
 request ; to attack ; to assail ; 
 
 to go to ; to seek ; to go for ; 
 
 to derive; to bring. 
 Petra, se, f. the metropolis of 
 
 Arabia Petraa. 
 Petra? a, 89, f. (Arabia,) Arabia 
 
 Petrcea, the northern part of 
 
 Arabia, south of Palestine. 
 
228 
 
 PETULANTIA PINGO. 
 
 Petulantia, ae, f. petulance ; inso- 
 lence ; mischievousness ; wan- 
 tonness. 
 
 Phaeax, acis, m. a Phceacian, or 
 inhabitant of Phaacia, now 
 Corfu. The Phceacians were 
 famous for luxury. 
 
 Phalerae, arum, f. pi. the trappings 
 of a horse ; habiliments. 
 
 Pharos, i, f. a small island at the 
 western mouth of the Nile, on 
 which ivas a tower or light- 
 house, esteemed one of the sev- 
 en wonders of the world. 
 
 Pharsalus, i, m. a city of Thes- 
 saly. 
 
 Pharnaces, is, m. a son of Mith- 
 ridates, king of Pontus. 
 
 Phasis, Idis & is, f. a town and 
 river of Colchis, on the east 
 side of the Euxine. 
 
 Phidias, ae, m. a celebrated Athe- 
 nian statuary. 
 
 Philaeni, orum, m. pi. two Car- 
 thaginian brothers, who suf- 
 fered themselves to be buried 
 alive, for the purpose of estab- 
 lishing the controverted boun- 
 dary of their country. 
 
 Philippi, orum, m. pi. a city of 
 Macedon, on the confines of 
 Thrace. 
 
 Philipplcus, a, urn, adj. belonging 
 to Philippi. 
 
 Philippldes, ae, m. a comic poet. 
 
 Philippus, i, m. Philip ; the father 
 of Alexander ; also, the son of 
 Demetrius. 
 
 Philomela, ae, f. a nightingale 
 
 Philosophia, ae, f. philosophy. 
 
 Philosdphus, i, m. a philosopher 
 a lover of learning and wis- 
 dom. 
 
 Phineus, i, m. a king of Arcadia, 
 and priest of Apollo. 
 
 Phocaei, orum, m. pi. the Pho- 
 caans ; inhabitants of Pho- 
 ccea, a maritime city of Ionia. 
 
 Phocis, idis, f. a country of 
 Greece. 
 
 Phoenice, es, f. Phoenicia, a mar- 
 itime country of Syria, north 
 of Palestine. 
 
 Phoenix, icis, m. a Phoenician. 
 
 Phryx, ygis, m. a Phrygian ; an 
 inhabitant of Phrygia. 
 
 Picentes, ium, m. pi. the inhabit- 
 ants of Picenum. 
 
 Picenum, i, n. a country of Italy. 
 
 Pictus, a, um, part, (pingo,) 
 painted ; embroidered : picta 
 tabula, a picture ; a painting. 
 
 Pietas, atis, f. (pius,) piety ; filial 
 duty. 
 
 Pignus, oris, n. a pledge; a 
 pawn; security; assurance. 
 
 Pila, ae, f. a ball. 
 
 Pileus, i, m. a hat ; a cap. 
 
 Pilus, i, m. the hair. 
 
 Pindarus, i, m. Pindar, a The- 
 ban, the most eminent of the 
 Greek lyric poets. 
 
 Pingo, pingere, piuxi, pictum, a. 
 to paint ; to depict ; to deline- 
 ate ; to draw ; to represent in 
 painting ; acu, to embroider. 
 
PINGUIS POETA. 
 
 229 
 
 pinguis, e, ad}, fat; fertile ; rich. 
 
 Pinna, 39, f. a fin. 
 
 Piraseus, i, m. the principal port 
 and arsenal of Athens. 
 
 Pirata, 89, m. a pirate. 
 
 Piscator, oris, m. a fisherman. 
 
 Piscis, is, m. a fish. 
 
 Pisistratus, i, m. an Athenian ty- 
 rant, distinguished for his elo- 
 quence. 
 
 Pistrimim, i, n. a mill. 
 
 Pius, i, m. an agnomen, or sur- 
 name of Metellus. 
 
 Pius, a, um, adj. pious, dutiful, 
 or affectionate to parents. 
 
 Placeo, ere, ui, Itum, n. to please : 
 sibi, to be vain or proud of; to 
 plume one's self. 
 
 Placet, placuit, or placitum est, 
 imp. it pleases ; it is determin- 
 ed ; it seems good to. 
 
 Placldus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 placid ; quiet ; still ; tranquil ; 
 mild; gentle. 
 
 Plaga, 89, f. a blow; a wound: 
 plag39, pi. nets ; toils. 
 
 Plane, adv. entirely ; totally ; 
 plainly. 
 
 Planta, 39, f. a plant. 
 
 Platanus, i, f. the plane-tree. 
 
 Plate a, 39, f. a species of bird, the 
 spoonbill, 
 
 Plato, onis, m. an Athenian, one 
 of the most celebrated of the 
 Grecian philosophers. 
 
 Plaustrum, i, n. a cart; a wag- 
 on. 
 
 Plebs, & Plebes, is, f. the peo- 
 
 ple ; the common people ; the 
 
 plebeians. 
 Plecto, plectere, — plexum, a. to 
 
 punish ; to weave. 
 Plerique, pleragque, pleraque, 
 
 adj. pi. most ; the most ; many. 
 Plerumque, adv. commonly ; gen 
 
 erally ; for the most part ; 
 
 sometimes. 
 Plinius, i, m. Pliny ; the name of 
 
 two distinguished Roman au- 
 thors. 
 Plotinus, 1, m. See Catienus. 
 Plumb e us, a, um, adj. of lead ; 
 
 leaden; from 
 Plumbum, i, n. lead. 
 Pluo, pluere, plui or pluvi, n. to 
 
 rain. 
 Plurimus, a, um, adj. (sup. of 
 
 multus,) very much ; most ; 
 
 very many. 
 Plus, uris, adj. (n. in sing., comp. 
 
 of multus, §§ 125, 5, & 110,) 
 
 more : pi. many. 
 Plus, adv. (comp. of multum,) 
 
 more; longer. 
 Pluto, onis, m. a son of Saturn, 
 
 and king of the infernal re- 
 gions. 
 Poculum, i, n. a cup. 
 Poema, atis, n. a poem. 
 Po9na, 89, f. a punishment. 
 Po9nItet, ere, uit, imp. it repents : 
 
 poenitet me, J repent. 
 Po9nus, a, um, adj. belonging to 
 
 Carthage ; Carthaginian :— 
 
 subs, a Carthaginian. 
 Poeta, 39 v m. a poet. 
 
230 
 
 POL, POST. 
 
 Pol, adv. by Pollux ; truly. 
 
 Pollex, Icis, m. the thumb; the 
 great toe. 
 
 Polliceor, eri, ftus sum, dep. to 
 promise. 
 
 Pollicltus, a, um, part. 
 
 Pollux, ucis, m. a son of Leda, 
 and twin brother of Castor. 
 
 Polyxena, se, f. a daughter of 
 Priam and Hecuba. 
 
 Pomifer, era, erum, adj. (pomum 
 & fero,) bearing fruit : pomif- 
 erse arbores, fruit-trees. 
 
 Pompa, se, f. a procession ; pomp ; 
 parade. 
 
 Pompeianus, a, um, adj. belong- 
 ing to Pompey. 
 
 Pompeius,i,m. Pompey; the name 
 of a Roman gens, or clan,frpm 
 which sprang many distin- 
 guished individuals : (Cneius,) 
 a distinguished Roman, sur- 
 named the Great. 
 
 Pompilius, i, m. See Numa. 
 
 Pomum, i, n. an apple ; any edi- 
 ble fruit growing upon a tree. 
 
 Pondus, eris, n. a weight. 
 
 Pono, ponere, posui, positum, a. 
 to place ; to put ; to set. 
 
 Pons, tis, m. a bridge. 
 
 Pontius, i, m. (Thelesinus,) a 
 general of the Samnites. 
 
 Pontus, i, m. a sea: by synec- 
 doche, the Euxine or Black 
 sea ; also, the kingdom of 
 Pontus, on the south of the 
 Euxine. 
 
 Poposci. See Posco. 
 
 Populor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 lay waste ; to depopulate ; 
 from 
 
 Populus, i, m. the people ; a na- 
 tion ; a tribe : pi. nations ; 
 tribes. 
 
 Porrectus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Porrlgo, igere, exi, ectum, a. 
 (porro & rego,) to reach or 
 spread out ; to extend ; to of- 
 fer. 
 
 Porsena, se, m. a king ofEtru- 
 ria. 
 
 Porta, se, f. a gate. 
 
 Portans, tis, part, (porto.) 
 
 Portendo, -tendere, -tendi, -ten- 
 turn, a. (porro & tendo,) to 
 presage; to forebode; to por- 
 tend; to betoken. 
 
 Porticus, us, f. a portico ; a gal- 
 lery ; a porch. 
 
 Porto, are, avi, atum, a. to cairy ; 
 to bear. 
 
 Portus, us, m. a port ; a harbor. 
 
 Posco, poscere, poposci, a. to de- 
 mand ; to earnestly request. 
 
 Positus, a, um, part, (pono,) situ- 
 ated. 
 
 Possessio, onis, f. possession. 
 
 Possessor, oris, m. a possessor : 
 an occupant ; from 
 
 Possideo, -sidere, -sedi, -sessum, 
 a. to possess. 
 
 Possum, posse, potui, irr. n. (po- 
 tis & sum, § 154, 6,) to be 
 able ; I can. 
 
 Post, prep, after : — adv. after, of 
 ter that ; afterwards. 
 
POSTEA PRECIPUUS. 
 
 231 
 
 Postea, adv. afterwards, 
 
 Postera,erum, adj. § 125, 4,(erior, 
 remus,) succeeding ; subse- 
 quent ; next : in posterum, 
 (supply tempus,) for the fu- 
 ture : posteri, orum, (§ 205, 
 R. 7, (1); posterity, 
 
 Postis, is, m. a post. 
 
 Postquam, adv. after ; after that ; 
 since, 
 
 Postremo & -um, adv. at last; 
 finally; from 
 
 Postremus, a, um, adj. (sup. of 
 postera, § 125, 4,) the last: 
 ad postremum, at last, 
 
 Postulo, are, avi, atum, a. (posco,) 
 to ask; to ask for; to de- 
 mand, 
 
 Postumius, i, m. the name of a 
 Roman gens or clan: (Spu- 
 rius,) a consul defeated by the 
 Samnites, at the Caudine 
 Forks. 
 
 Posui. See Pono. 
 
 Potens, tis, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 powerful, 
 
 Potentia, se, f. power; authority; 
 government 
 
 Potestas, atis, f. (potis,) power. 
 
 Potio, onis, f. (poto,) a drink ; a 
 draught. 
 
 Potior, iri, itus sum, dep. to 
 get; to possess; to obtain; 
 to enjoy ; to gain possession 
 
 of- 
 Potissimum, adv. (sup. of potius,) 
 principally ; chiefly ; especial- 
 ly. 
 
 20 
 
 Potitus, a, um, part, (potior,) 
 
 having obtained. 
 Potius, adv. comp. (sup. potissi- 
 
 mum,) rather. 
 Poto, potare, potavi, potatum or 
 
 potum, a. to drink. 
 Potuisse. See Possum. 
 Potus, us, m. drink. 
 Prse, prep, before ; for ; in com- 
 
 parison of. or with. 
 Praealtus, a, um, adj. very high 
 
 or lofty, very deep. 
 Prsebeo, ere, ui, Itum, a. (prse & 
 
 habeo,) to offer ; to supply ; 
 
 to give ; to afford : speciem, 
 
 to exhibit the appearance of: 
 
 usum, to serve for. 
 Prsecedens, tis, part from 
 Prsecedo, -cedere, -cessi, -ces- 
 
 sum, a. (prse & cedo,) to pre- 
 cede ; to go before. 
 Prseceptor, oris, m. (prsecipio,) a 
 
 preceptor, master, or teacher. 
 Prseceptum, i, n. (prsecipio,) a 
 
 precept ; a doctrine ; advice. 
 Prsecido, -cidere, -cidi, -cisum 
 
 a. (prse & csedo,) to cut off. 
 Praecipio, -cipere, -cepi, -cep- 
 
 tum, a. (prse & capio,) to pre 
 
 scribe ; to command. 
 Praecipito, are, avi, atum, a. (prse- 
 
 ceps,) to throw ; to throw 
 
 down ; to precipitate. 
 Prsecipue, adv. especially ; par- 
 ticularly ; from 
 Praecipuus, a, um, adj. especial? 
 
 distinguished; the chief; the 
 
 principal. 
 
232 
 
 PR^CLARE PR.&TENDO. 
 
 Preeclare, adv. excellently ; fa- 
 mously ; gloriously ; from 
 
 Preeclarus, a, um, adj. famous. 
 
 Preecludo, -cludere, -clusi, -clu- 
 sum, a. (pree & claudo,) to 
 close ; to stop ; to shut up. 
 
 Preeco, onis, m. a herald. 
 
 Prse da, 89, f. booty ; the prey. 
 
 Preedlco, are, avi, atum, a. (pree 
 & dlco,) to praise ; to declare ; 
 to assert; to affirm. 
 
 Preedlco, cere, xi, ctum, a. (prse 
 & dico,) to predict ; to fore- 
 tell. 
 
 Prsedictus, a, um, part, foretold. 
 
 Preedor, ari, atus sum, dep. (pree- 
 da,) to plunder. 
 
 Preefans, tis, part, from 
 
 Preefari, fatus, def. § 183, 6; to 
 foretell ; to announce ; to pre- 
 dict. 
 
 Preefero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, 
 irr. a. (pree & fero,) to prefer ; 
 to bear before. 
 
 Prsefinio, ire, ivi, itum, a. (pra3 
 & finio,) to appoint; to de- 
 termine. 
 
 Preefinitus, a, um, part. 
 
 Prgelatus, a, um, part (praBfero.) 
 
 Praelians, tis, part, (preelior.) 
 
 Praaliatus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Preelior, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 give battle ; to engage ; to 
 fight. 
 
 Preelium, i, n. a battle. 
 
 PrEemium, i, n. a reward; a 
 prize. 
 
 Prasmitto -mittere, -misi, -mis- 
 
 sum, a. (pree & mitto,) to send 
 before. 
 
 Preeneste, is, n. a city ofLatium. 
 
 Preenuntio, are, avi, atum, a. 
 (pree & nuntio,) to announce; 
 to tell beforehand ; to signify ; 
 to give notice. 
 
 Preeparo, are, avi, atum, a, (pree 
 & paro,) to prepare ; to make 
 ready ; to make. 
 
 Preepono, -ponere, -posui, -posi- 
 tum, a. (pree & pono,) to set 
 before ; to value more ; to 
 place over ; to prefer. 
 
 Preesens, tis, adj. present ; immi- 
 nent. 
 
 Preesepe, is, n. a manger ; a 
 crib. 
 
 Preesidium, i, n. a gairison; 
 defence. 
 
 Preestans, tis, part. & adj. (ior, 
 issimus,) (preesto,) excellent; 
 distinguished. 
 
 Preestantia, ee, f. superiority ; an 
 advantage ; a preeminence. 
 
 Preesto, stare, stiti, n. & a. (pree 
 & sto,) to stand before ; to 
 perform ; to pay ; to grant ; 
 to give ; to render ; to execute : 
 to cause ; to excel ; to be su- 
 perior ; to surpass : se, to 
 show or prove one's self: 
 preestat, imp. it is better. 
 
 Preesum, -esse, -fui, irr. n. (pree 
 & sum,) to be over; to preside 
 over; to have the charge or 
 command of; to rule over. 
 
 Preetendo, -tendere, -tendi, -ten- 
 
PRATER PRO. 
 
 233 
 
 sum or turn, a. (prae & tendo,) 
 to hold before ; to stretch or 
 extend before ; to be opposite 
 to; to pretend. 
 
 Praeter, prep, besides; except; 
 contrary to. 
 
 Praeterea, adv. (praeter & ea,) be- 
 sides; moreover. 
 
 Praetereo, ire, ii, Itum, irr. a. 
 § 182, 3, (praeter & eo,) to 
 pass over or by ; to go beyond ; 
 to omit ; not to mention. 
 
 Praetereundus, a, um, part, (prae- 
 tereo.) 
 
 Praeteriens, euntis, part, (prae- 
 tereo.) 
 
 Praeteritus, a, um, part, (prae- 
 tereo.) past. 
 
 Praeterquam, adv. except; be- 
 sides: praeterquam si, except 
 in case. 
 
 Praetorius, i, m. (vir,) a man who 
 has been a prador; one of 
 prcetorian dignity. 
 
 Pratum, i, n. a meadow ; a pas- 
 ture. 
 
 Pravitas, atis, f. depravity ; from 
 
 Pravus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
 depraved; bad. 
 
 Precatus, a, um, part, (precor.) 
 
 Preci, -em, -e, f. (prex not used, 
 § 94,) ap-ayer: pi. preces. 
 
 Precor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 pray ; to entreat. 
 
 Premo, premere, pressi, pressum, 
 a. to press; to grieve; to 
 urge. 
 
 Pretiosus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- ] 
 
 mus,) precious ; valuable ; 
 costly; from 
 
 Pretium, i, n. a price ; a ransom ; 
 a reward : in pretio esse, to 
 be valued; to be in estima- 
 tion. 
 
 Priamus, i, m. Priam, the last 
 king of Troy. 
 
 Pridie, adv. the day before. 
 
 Priene, es, f. a maritime town of 
 Ionia. 
 
 Primo & -um, adv. (sup. of pri- 
 us,) first; at first: quum pri- 
 mum, as soon as. 
 
 Primoris, e, adj. the first ; the 
 foremost: dentes, the front 
 teeth. 
 
 Primus, a, um, num. adj. the 
 first. 
 
 Princeps, ipis, adj. (primus & ca- 
 pio,) the chief; the first : prin- 
 clpes, the princes ; the chiefs ; 
 chief men. 
 
 Principatus, us, m. a govern- 
 ment; principality. 
 
 Priscus, i, m. a cognomen or 
 surname of the elder Tar- 
 quin. 
 
 Prior, us, adj. (sup. primus, 
 § 126, 1,) the former ; prior ; 
 first. 
 
 Prius, adv. before ; prior ; first 
 
 Priusquam, adv. sooner than ; be- 
 fore that ; before. 
 
 Privatus, a, um, adj. (privo,) pri- 
 vate ; secret : — subs, a pri- 
 vate man. 
 
 Pro, prep, for ; instead of. 
 
234 
 
 PROBABILIS PROLAPSUS. 
 
 Probabilis, e, adj. (probo,) proba- 
 ble. 
 
 Proboscis, idis, f. proboscis ; the 
 trunk of an elephant. 
 
 Procas, ge, m. See Silvius. 
 
 Procedens, tis, part from 
 
 Procedo, -cedere, -cessi, -ces- 
 sum, n. (pro & cedo,) to pro- 
 ceed; to go forth; to go for- 
 ward ; to advance ; to go 
 out. 
 
 Proceritas, atis, f. stature; 
 height ; tallness ; length ; 
 from 
 
 Procerus, a, urn, adj. tall ; long. 
 
 Proclamo, are, avi, atum, n. (pro 
 & clamo,) to cry out ; to pro- 
 claim. 
 
 Proconsul, ulis, m. (pro & con- 
 sul,) a proconsul. 
 
 Procreo, are, avi, atum, a. (pro 
 & creo,) to beget. 
 
 Procul, adv./ar. 
 
 Procuro, are, avi, atum, a. (pro 
 & euro,) to take care of; to 
 manage. 
 
 Procurro, currere, curri & cu- 
 curri, cursum, n. (pro & cur- 
 ro,) to run forward; to jut 
 out; to extend. 
 
 Prodigium, i, n. a prodigy. 
 
 Prodltor, oris, m. (prodo,) a trai- 
 tor. 
 
 Prodltus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Prodo, -dere, -dldi, -ditum, a. 
 (pro & do,) to betray; to re- 
 late ; to discover ; to disclose ; 
 to manifest. 
 
 Prcslior, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 fight; from 
 
 Prcelium, i, n. a battle. 
 
 Profectus, a, um, part, (proficis- 
 cor.) 
 
 Proficiscens, tis, part, from 
 
 Proficiscor, icisci, ectus sum, 
 dep. (pro & facio,) to march ; 
 to travel ; to depart ; to go. 
 
 Profiteor, -fiteri, -fessus sum, dep. 
 (pro & fateor,) to declare ; to 
 avow publicly ; to profess : 
 sapientiam, to profess wis- 
 dom; to profess to be a phi- 
 losopher. 
 
 Profugio, -fugere, -fugi, -fugi- 
 tum, n. (pro & fugio,) to flee ; 
 to escape. 
 
 Profugus, a, um, adj. fleeing ; es- 
 caping : — subs, a fugitive ; an 
 exile. 
 
 Progredior, -gredi, -gressus sum, 
 dep. (pro & gradior,) to go for- 
 ward; to proceed; to advance. 
 
 Progressus, a, um, part, having 
 advanced. 
 
 Prohibeo, ere, ui, ltum, a. (pre? <& 
 habeo,) to prohibit; tohind^ 
 to forbid. 
 
 Prohibltus, a, um, part. 
 
 Projicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, a. 
 (pro & jacio,) to throw away ; 
 to throiv down ; to ihroio. 
 
 Prolabor, -labi, -lapsus sum, dep. 
 (pro & labor,) to fall down; to 
 fall fonoard. 
 
 Prolapsus, a, um, part, having 
 fallen. 
 
PROLATO PROSTERNO. 
 
 235 
 
 Prolato, are, avi, atum, a. (prof- 
 ero,) to enlarge; to extend; 
 to amplify. 
 
 Proles, is, f. a race ; offspring, 
 
 Prometheus, i, m. the son of la- 
 petus and Clymene. 
 
 Promittens, tis, part, from 
 
 Promitto, -mittere, -misi, -mis- 
 sum, a. (pro & mitto,) to prom- 
 ise ; to offer. 
 
 Promontorium, i, n. (pro & mons,) 
 a promontory ; a headland; a 
 cape. 
 
 Promoveo, -movere, -movi, -mo- 
 tum, n. & a. (pro & moveo,) 
 to move forward ; to enlarge. 
 
 Pronus, a, um, adj. inclined. 
 
 Prop ago, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 propagate ; to prolong ; to 
 continue. 
 
 Prope, adv.& prep, (propius, prox- 
 ime,) near ; near to ; nigh. 
 
 Propero, are, avi, atum, n. to has- 
 ten. 
 
 Propinquus, a, um, adj. (prope,) 
 near; related : propinqui, subs. 
 relations; kinsmen, 
 
 Propior, us, adj. comp. § 126, 1 ; 
 (proxlmus, sup.) nearer. 
 
 Propius, adv. nearer; comp. of 
 prope. 
 
 Propono, -ponere, -posui, -posi- 
 tum, a. (pro & pono,) to set 
 before ; to propose ; to offer. 
 
 Proponor, -poni, -positus sum, 
 pass, to be set before : pro- 
 posltum est mihi, / intend or 
 purpose. 
 
 20* 
 
 Propontis, idis, f. the sea of Mar- 
 mora. 
 
 Propositus, a, um, part, proposed; 
 put. 
 
 Propria, adv. peculiarly ; partic- 
 ularly ; properly ; strictly. 
 
 Proprius, a, um, adj. peculiar ; 
 proper ; one's own ; special. 
 
 Propter, prep./or ; on account of. 
 
 Propulso, are, avi, atum, freq. 
 (propello,) to drive away; to 
 ward off; to repel. 
 
 Propylaeum, i, n. the porch of a 
 temple ; an entrance, the rows 
 of columns leading to the A- 
 cropolis at Athens. 
 
 Prora, ae, f. the prow of a ship. 
 
 Proscribo, -scribere, -scripsi, 
 -scriptum, a. (pro & scribo,) 
 to proscribe ; to outlaw ; to 
 doom to death and confiscation 
 of goods. 
 
 Prose cutus, a, um, part having 
 accompanied. 
 
 Prosequor, -sequi, -secutus sum, 
 dep. (pro & sequor,) to accom- 
 pany ; to attend ; to follow ; 
 to celebrate: honoribus, to 
 heap or load with honors ; to 
 honor. 
 
 Proserpina, se, f. the daughter of 
 Ceres and Jupiter, and wife 
 of Pluto. 
 
 Prospectus, us, m. (prospicio,) a 
 prospect ; a distant view. 
 
 Prospere, adv. (prosper,) prosper 
 ously ; successfully. 
 
 Prosterno, -sternere, -stravu 
 
236 
 
 PROSTRATUS PUGNO. 
 
 -stratum, a. (pro & sterno,) 
 to prostrate ; to throw down, 
 
 Prostratus, a, um, part (proster- 
 no.) 
 
 Prosum, prodesse, profui, irr. n. 
 (pro & sum, § 154, 5,) to do 
 good ; to profit 
 
 Protagoras, se, m. a Greek phi- 
 losopher. 
 
 Protenus, adv. (pro & tenus,) im- 
 mediately; directly. 
 
 Protero, -terere, -trivi, -tritum, a. 
 (pro & tero,) to trample upon ; 
 to tread down ; to crush. 
 
 Protractus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Protraho, -trahere, -traxi, -trac- 
 tum, a. (pro & traho,) to pro- 
 tract ; to prolong. 
 
 Proveniens, tis, part, from 
 
 Provenio, -venire, -veni, -ven- 
 tum, n. (pro & venio,) to come 
 forth. 
 
 Provincia, se, f. a province. 
 
 Provocatio, onis, f. a provoca- 
 tion ; a challenge ; from 
 
 Provoco, are, avi, atum, a. (pro 
 & voco,) to call forth ; to call 
 out ; to defy or challenge ; to 
 appeal. 
 
 Proxime, adv. (sup. of prope,) 
 nearest ; very near ; next to. 
 
 Proximus, a, um, adj. (sup. of 
 propior,) nearest ; next. 
 
 Prudens, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
 prudent ; ivise ; expert. 
 
 Prudentia, se, f. prudence; knowl- 
 edge. 
 
 Pseudophilippus, i, m. a false or 
 
 pretended Philip, a name giv- 
 en to Andriscus. 
 
 Psittacus, i, m. a parrot. 
 
 Psophidius, a, um, adj. of or be- 
 longing to Psophis ; Psophid- 
 ian. 
 
 Psophis, Idis, f. a city of Arca- 
 dia. 
 
 Ptolemseus, i, m. Ptolemy; the 
 name of several Egyptian 
 kings. 
 
 Publlce, adv. (publicus,) publicly ; 
 at the public expense ; by pub- 
 lic authority. 
 
 Publicola, se, m. (populus & co- 
 lo,) a surname given to P. 
 Valerius, on account of his 
 love of popularity. 
 
 Publicus, a, um, adj. (populus,) 
 public: in publicum proce- 
 dens, going abroad or appear- 
 ing in public : — subs, publi- 
 cum, the public treasury. 
 
 Publius, i, m. the prsenomen of 
 several Romans. 
 
 Pudibundus, a, um, adj. (pudeo,) 
 ashamed. 
 
 Puer, eri, m. a boy ; a servant. 
 
 Puerilis, e, adj. puerile ; childish: 
 aetas, boyhood; childhood. 
 
 Pueritia, ae, f. boyhood; child- 
 hood. 
 
 Pugna, ae, f. a battle. 
 
 Pugnans, tis, part, (pugno.) 
 
 Pugnatus, a, um, part from 
 
 Pugno, are, avi, atum, n. to fight : 
 pugnatur, pass. imp. a battle 
 is fought; they fight. 
 
PULCHER QUADRUPES. 
 
 237 
 
 Pulcher, ra, rum, adj. (ior, ri- 
 mus,) fair ; beautiful • glo- 
 rious. 
 
 Pulchritudo, inis, f. fairness; 
 beauty. 
 
 Pullus, i, m. the young of any 
 animal. 
 
 Pulsus, a, um, part (pello.) 
 
 Pulvillus, i, m. (Horatius,) a Ro- 
 man consul in the first year 
 of the republic. 
 
 Punicus, a, um, adj. Punic ; be- 
 longing to Carthage ; Car- 
 thaginian. 
 
 Punio, ire, ivi, itum, a. to punish. 
 
 Punitus, a, um, part. 
 
 Pupillus, i, m. a pupil; a ward; 
 an orphan. 
 
 Puppis, is, f. the stern of a ship. 
 
 Purgo, are, avi, atum, a. to purge ; 
 to purify ; to clear ; to clean ; 
 to excuse. 
 
 Purpura, ee, f. purple ; the purple 
 muscle. 
 
 Purpuratus, a, um, adj. clad in 
 purple: purpurati, pi. court- 
 iers; nobles. 
 
 Purpureus, a, um, adj. purple. 
 
 Purus, a, um, adj.^wre; clear. 
 
 Pusillus, a, um, adj. small; 
 weak. 
 
 Puteus, i, m. a well. 
 
 Puto, are, avi, atum, a. to think. 
 
 Putresco, putrescere, putrui, inc. 
 (putreo,) to rot ; to decay. 
 
 Pydna, ee, f. a town of Macedo- 
 nia. 
 
 Pygmeei, orum, m. the Pygmies, 
 
 a race of dwarfs, inhabiting 
 a remote part of India or 
 Ethiopia. 
 
 Pyra, ee, f. a funeral pile. 
 
 Pyramis, idis, f. a pyramid, 
 
 Pyreneeus, i, m., & Pyrenaei, 
 orum, m. pi. Pyrenees, moun- 
 tains dividing France and 
 Spain. 
 
 Pyrrhus, i, m. a king of Epi- 
 rus. 
 
 Pythagoras, ee, m. a Grecian 
 philosopher, born at Samos. 
 
 Pythagoreus, i, m. a Pythago- 
 rean ; a follower or disciple of 
 Pythagoras. 
 
 Pythia, ee, f. the priestess of 
 Apollo at Delphi. 
 
 Pythias, ee, m. a soldier of Philip 
 king of Macedon. 
 
 a 
 
 Q,., or Qu., an abbreviation of 
 
 Quintus. §328. 
 Quadrageslmus, a, um, num. adj. 
 
 the fortieth; from 
 Quadraginta, num. adj. pi. ind. 
 
 forty. 
 Quadriennium, i, n. (quatuor & 
 
 annus,) the space of four years. 
 Quadrigee, arum, f. a four-horse 
 
 chariot ; a team of four horses. 
 Quadringenteslmus, a, um, num. 
 
 adj. the four hundredth. 
 Quadringenti, ee, a, num. adj. 
 
 jjl.four hundred. 
 Quadrupes, pedis, adj. (quatucr 
 
238 
 
 QILERENS— QJJIN. 
 
 & pes,) having four feet; 
 
 four-footed. 
 Quaerens, tis, part, from 
 Quaero, quaerere, qusesivi, quae- 
 
 situm, a. to ask; to seek for ; 
 
 to inquire ; to search : quaerf- 
 
 tur, it is asked; the inquiry 
 
 is made. 
 Quaestio, onis, f. a question. 
 Quaestor, oris, m. a qu&stor ; a 
 
 treasurer ; an inferior military 
 
 officer who attended the consuls. 
 Quaestus, us, m. gain ; a trade. 
 Qualis, e, adj. of what kind ; 
 
 as ; such as ; what. 
 Quam, conj. & adv. as; how: 
 
 after comparatives, than. 
 Quamdiu, or Quandiu, adv. as 
 
 long as. 
 Quamquam, or Quanquam, conj. 
 
 though; although. 
 Quam vis, conj. although. 
 Quando, adv. when; since. 
 Quanto, adv. by how much ; as. 
 Quantopere, adv. how greatly; 
 
 how much. 
 Quantum, adv. how much; as 
 
 much as. 
 Quantus, a, urn, adj. how great ; 
 
 as great ; hoiv admirable ; 
 
 how striking. 
 Quantuslibet, quantallbet, quan- 
 
 tumlibet, adj. (quantus & 
 
 libet,) how great soever ; nev- 
 er so great. 
 Quapropter, adv. wherefore ; 
 
 why. 
 Quare, adv. (qua & re,) where- 
 
 fore ; for which reason ; 
 whence; therefore. 
 
 Quartus, a, um, num. adj. the 
 fourth. 
 
 Quasi, adv. as if; as. 
 
 Quatriduum, i, n. (quatuor & 
 dies,) a space of four days. 
 
 Quatuor, num. adj. pi. ind. four. 
 
 Quatuordecim, num. adj. pi, ind. 
 fourteen. 
 
 Que, enclitic conj. § 198, R. 2 ; 
 and; also. 
 
 Queo, ire, ivi, itum, irr. § 182, 
 R. 3 ; to be able ; I can. 
 
 Quercus, us, f. an oak. 
 
 Queror, queri, questus sum, dep. 
 to complain. 
 
 Questus, a, um, part, complain- 
 ing ; having complained. 
 
 Qui, quae, quod, rel. pro. § 136 : 
 who ; which ; what. 
 
 Qui, quae, quod, interrogative 
 pro. who 9 which ? what ? 
 § 137. 
 
 Qui, adv. how ; in what manner. 
 
 Quia, conj. § 198, 4 ; because. 
 
 Quicunque, quaecunque, quod- 
 cunque, rel. pro. § 136 ; who- 
 soever ; whatsoever ; every 
 one. 
 
 Quidam, quae dam, quoddam & 
 quiddam, pro. § 138 ; a cer- 
 tain one ; a certain person or 
 thing: quidarn homines, cer- 
 tain men. 
 
 Quidem, adv. § 279, 3 ; indeed; 
 truly ; at least. See Ne. 
 
 Quin, conj. § 198, 7; but: but that 
 
QUINCTIUS RAPTOR. 
 
 239 
 
 Quinctius, i, m. (Titus,) a Ro- 
 man general. 
 
 Quindecim, num. adj. pi. ind. 
 fifteen. 
 
 Quingenteslmus, a, um, num. 
 adj. the five hundredth. 
 
 Quingenti, ae, a, num. adj. pi. 
 five hundred. 
 
 Quinquageni, a), a, num. adj. pi. 
 every fifty ; fifty. 
 
 Quinquageslmus, a, um, num. 
 adj. fiftieth. 
 
 Quinquaginta, num. adj. pi. ind. 
 
 My- 
 
 Quinque, num. adj. pi. ind.^i;e. 
 
 Quinquies, num. adv. five times. 
 
 Quinto, adv. the fifth time. 
 
 Quintus, a, um, num. adj. the fifth. 
 
 Q,uintus, or Quinctius, i, m. a 
 surname among the Romans. 
 
 Quis, quae, quid, pro. who ? what ? 
 quid ? why ? 
 
 Quisnam, or Quinam, quae nam, 
 quodnam or quidnam, pro. 
 § 137 ; who ; what. 
 
 Q,uisquam, quaequam, quidquam 
 or quicquam, pro. § 138, 3 ; 
 any one; any thing: nee 
 quisquam, and no one. 
 
 Quisoue, quae que, quodque or 
 quidque, pro. each; every; 
 whosoever ; whatsoever. 
 
 Quisquis, quidauid or quicquid, 
 rel. pro. § 136 ; whoever ; 
 whatever. 
 
 Quivis, qiwevis, quodv^ or quid- 
 vis, pro. whoseever ; whatso- 
 ever ; any one, 
 
 Quo, adv. that ; to the end that ; 
 
 whither : quo — eo,/or quan- 
 
 to — tanto, by how much ; by 
 
 so much ; or the more — the 
 
 more. 
 Quod, conj. that ; because. 
 Quomlnus, adv. that — not. 
 Quomodo, adv. how; by what 
 
 means. 
 Quondam, adv. formerly ; once. 
 Quoniam, conj. since ; because. 
 Quoque, conj. also. 
 Quot, adj. ind. pi. how many. 
 Quotannis, adv. annually ; year- 
 
 ly. 
 Quotidie, adv. (quot &> dies,) 
 
 every day ; daily. 
 Quoties, adv. as often as; how 
 
 often. 
 Quum, or Cum, adv. when 
 
 quum jam, as soon as : — conj 
 
 since; although. 
 
 R. 
 
 Radius, i, m. a staff; a ray ; a rod. 
 Radix, icis, f. a root; the foot or 
 
 base of a mountain. 
 Ramus, i, m. a branch ; a bough. 
 Rana, ae, f. a frog. 
 Rapina, ae, f. rapine; plunder; 
 
 from 
 Rapio, rapere, rapui, raptum, a. 
 
 to rob ; to seize ; to plunder ; 
 
 to hurry away. 
 Raptor, oris, m. one who seizes 
 
 or takes away by viohiss* • a 
 
 robber. 
 
240 
 
 RAPTURUS REDIMO. 
 
 Rapturus, a, urn, part, (rapio.) 
 
 Raptus, a, urn, part, (rapio,) 
 seized; robbed; carried off. 
 
 Raritas, atis, f. rarity. 
 
 Raro, adv. rarely ; seldom ; from 
 
 Rarus, a, um, adj. rare, few 
 
 Ratio, orris, f. (reor,) a reason. 
 
 Ratis, is, f. a raft ; a ship ; a 
 boat. 
 
 Ratus, a, um, part, (reor,) think- 
 ing ; having thought. 
 
 Rebelio, are, avi, atum, n. (re & 
 bello,) to renew a war; to 
 rebel; to revolt. 
 
 Recedo, -cedere, -cessi, -ces- 
 sum, n. (re & cedo,) to recede; 
 to yield; to retire; to with- 
 draw. 
 
 Recens, tis, adj. new ; recent ; 
 fresh : — adv. recently ; lately ; 
 newly : recens nati, new-born 
 children. 
 
 Receptus, a, um, part, (recipio.) 
 
 Recepturus, a, um, part, (re- 
 cipio.) 
 
 Recessus, us, m. (recedo,) a re- 
 cess ; a corner. 
 
 Recipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptum, 
 a. (re & capio,) to receive ; to 
 take ; to take back ; to recover : 
 animam, to come to one's self 
 again ; to recover one's senses : 
 se, to return. 
 
 Recognosco, -noscSre, -novi, -ni- 
 tum, a. (re & cognosco,) to 
 recognize. 
 
 Recolligo, -ligere, -legi, -lec- 
 tum, a. (re, con, & lego,) to 
 
 gather up again; to recol- 
 lect ; to recover. 
 Recondltus, a, um, part, from 
 Recondo, dere, didi, dltum, a. (re 
 & condo,) to hide ; to con- 
 ceal. 
 Recreatus, a, um, part, from 
 Recreo, are, avi, atum, a. (re & 
 creo,) to restore ; to bring to 
 life again. 
 Recte, adv. (ius, issime,) right; 
 
 rightly ; from 
 Rectus, a, um, adj. (ior, issirnus,) 
 (re go,) right; straight; up- 
 right; direct. 
 Recuperatus, a, um, part, from 
 Recupero, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 
 recover ; to regain. 
 Redditurus, a, um, part (reddo.) 
 Redditus, a, um, part, from 
 Reddo, -dere, -didi, -ditum, a. 
 (re & do,) to return ; to give; 
 to give back ; to make ; to 
 render ; to restore ; to cause : 
 verba, to repeat : animam, to 
 die : voces, to imitate. 
 Redeo, -ire, -ii, -ltum, irr. n. (re 
 & eo, § 182,) to return; to 
 go back. 
 Rediens, euntis, part, returning. 
 Redigo, -igere, -egi, -actum, a. 
 (re & ago,) to bring back; 
 to reduce : in potestatem, to 
 bring into one's power. 
 Redimendus, a, um, part, from 
 Redimo, -imere, -emi, -emptum 
 a. (re & emo,) to buy back 
 to redeem ; to ransom 
 
REDUCENDUS REMUS. 
 
 241 
 
 Reducendus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Reduco, -ducere, -duxi, -duc- 
 tum, a. (re & duco,) to lead 
 or bring back : in gratiam, to 
 reconcile. 
 
 Referens, tis, part, requiting ; 
 returning ; referring ; from 
 
 Refero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, irr. 
 a. (re & fero,) to bring back : 
 gratiam, or gratias, to requite 
 a favor ; to show gratitude : 
 beneficium, to requite a bene- 
 fit: victoriam, to bring back 
 victory, i. e. to return victori- 
 ous : imagine m, to reflect the 
 image ; to resemble : ad ali- 
 quam rem, to refer to ; to 
 reckon a part of 
 
 Refluens, tis, part, from 
 
 Refluo, -fluere, -fiuxi, -fluxum, 
 n. (re & fluo,) to flow back, 
 
 Refugio, -fugere, -fugi, -fugltum, 
 n. (re & fugio,) to fly back ; to 
 flee ; to retreat, 
 
 Regia, se, f. (regius,) a palace. 
 
 Reglna, &, f. (rex,) a queen. 
 
 Regio, onis, f. (rego,) a region ; 
 a district ; a country. 
 
 Regius, a, um, adj. (rex,) royal ; 
 regal ; the king's. 
 
 Regnaturus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Regno, are, avi, atum, n. (reg- 
 num,) to rule ; to govern. 
 
 Regnatur, pass. imp. kingly gov- 
 ernment continues. 
 
 Regnum, i, n. (rex,) a kingdom; 
 empire ; dominion ; reign ; 
 government; rule. 
 
 Rego, regere, rexi, rectum, a. 
 (rex,) to rule. 
 
 Regredior, -gredi, -gressus sum, 
 dep. (re & gradior,) to turn 
 back; to return. 
 
 Regressus, a, um, part having 
 returned. 
 
 Regulus, i, m. a distinguished 
 Roman general in the first 
 Punic war. . 
 
 Relatus, a, um, part, (refero.) 
 
 Relicturus, a, um, part, (relin- 
 quo.) 
 
 Relictus, a, um, part, (relinquo.) 
 
 Religio, onis, f. (relego,) religion ; 
 sacredness ; sanctity ; rever- 
 ence ; religious rites. 
 
 Relinquo, -linquere, -liqui, -lic- 
 tum, a. (re & linquo,) to 
 leave ; to desert ; to quit ; to 
 abandon. 
 
 Reliquiae, arum, f. pi. the relics ; 
 the remains ; from 
 
 Rellquus, a, um, adj. the rest; 
 the remainder ; the other. 
 
 Remaneo, -manere, -mansi,-man- 
 sum, n. (re & maneo,) to re- 
 main behind. 
 
 Remedium, i. n. (re & medeor,) 
 a remedy. 
 
 Remitto, -mittere, -misi, -mis- 
 sum, a. (re & mitto,) to send 
 back ; to remit. 
 
 Removeo, -movere, -movi, -mo- 
 tum, a. (re & moveo,) to remove, 
 
 Remus, i, m. an oar. 
 
 Remus, i, m. the twin brother of 
 Romulus, 
 
242 
 
 RENOVATUS RESTITUO. 
 
 Renovatus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Renovo, are, avi, atum, a. (re & 
 novo,) to make anew ; to re- 
 new. 
 
 Renuritio, are, avi, atum, a. (re 
 & nuntio,) to inform ; to re- 
 port ; to declare ; to an- 
 nounce. 
 
 Reor, reri, ratus sum, dep. to be- 
 lieve; to think. 
 
 Reparo, are, avi, atum, a. (re & 
 paro,) to renew ; to repair. 
 
 Repente, adv. suddenly. 
 
 Reperio, -perire, -peri, -pertum, 
 a. (re & pario,) to find; to dis- 
 cover ; to invent. 
 
 Repeto, -petere, -petivi, -peti- 
 tum, a. (re & peto,) to demand 
 back. 
 
 Repleo, ere, evi, etum, a. (re & 
 pleo,) to fill; to fill up; to re- 
 plenish. 
 
 Repono, -ponere, -posui, -posi- 
 tum, a. (re & pono,) to place 
 again ; to restore ; to re- 
 place. 
 
 Reporto, are, avi, atum, a. (re & 
 porto,) to bring back ; to gain 
 or obtain. 
 
 Reprsesento, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 represent; to paint; to de- 
 pict. 
 
 Repudio, are, avi, atum, a. to re- 
 pudiate ; to reject ; to slight ; 
 to disregard : uxorem, to di- 
 vorce. 
 Requiro, -quirere, -quisivi, -qui- 
 situm, a. (re & qu®ro,) to 
 
 seek; to demand; to require; 
 to need. 
 
 Res, rei, f. a thing ; an affair , 
 a way; a kingdom; a gov- 
 ernment ; a subject : res ges- 
 tae, actions; exploits: Testes fa- 
 miliaris or domestica, domes- 
 tic affairs ; property. 
 
 Reservo, are, avi, atum, a. (re & 
 servo,) to reserve ; to keep for 
 a future time. 
 
 Resideo, -sidere, -sedi, n. (re & 
 sedeo,) to sit; to sit down; to 
 remain. 
 
 Resimus, a, um, adj. bent back ; 
 crooked. 
 
 Resisto, -sistere, -stiti, -stitum, 
 n. (re & sisto,) to resist; to 
 withstand. 
 
 Resolvo, -solvere, -solvi, -solu- 
 tum, a. (re & solvo,) to loosen ; 
 to unbind ; to unloose ; to dis- 
 solve ; to untie. 
 
 Respondeo, -spondere, -spondi, 
 -sponsum, n. (re & spondeo,) 
 to answer ; to reply ; to cor- 
 respond: respondetur, pass, 
 imp. it is answered, or the re- 
 ply is made. 
 
 Responsum, i, n. an answer ; a 
 reply. 
 
 Respublica, reipubltcse, f. § 91 ; 
 the state ; the government 
 the commonwealth. 
 
 Respuo, -spuere, -spui, a. to spit 
 
 out ; to reject. 
 Restituo, -stituere, -stitui, -stitu 
 turn, a. (re & statuo,) to re 
 
RETINEO KOGO. 
 
 '243 
 
 store ; to replace ; to rebuild : 
 aciem, to cause the army to 
 rally. 
 
 Retineo, -tinere, -tinui, -tentum, 
 a. (re & teneo,) to hold back ; 
 to retain; to detain; to hin- 
 der. 
 
 Revera, adv. (res & verus,) tru- 
 ly ; in very deed ; in reality ; 
 in good earnest 
 
 Reverentia, se, f. reverence. 
 
 Reversus, a, urn, part having re- 
 turned. 
 
 Reverto, -vertere, -verti, -ver- 
 sum, n. (re & verto,) to turn 
 back; to return. 
 
 Revertor, -verti, -versus sum, 
 dep. to return. 
 
 Reviresco, -virescere, -virui, inc. 
 (revireo,) to grow green again. 
 
 Revoco, are, avi, atum, a. (re & 
 voco,) to recall ; to call back. 
 
 Revolo, are, avi, atum, n. (re & 
 volo,) to fly back; to fly off 
 again. 
 
 Rex, regis, m. a king ; also, the 
 name of a plebeian family at 
 Rome. 
 
 Rhadamanthus, i, m. a lawgiver 
 of Crete, and subsequently one 
 of the three judges of the in- 
 fernal regions,. 
 
 Rhaeti, orum, m. pi. the inhabit- 
 ants of Rhcetia, now the Ori- 
 sons. 
 
 Rhea, se, f. (Silvia,) the mother of 
 Romulus and Remus. 
 
 Rhenus, 1, m. the river Rhine. 
 21 
 
 Rhinoceros, otis, m. a rhinoceros 
 
 Rhipssus, a, um, adj. Rhipcean 
 or Riphcean : montes, moun- 
 tains, which, according to the 
 ancients, were found in the 
 north of Scythia. 
 
 Rhodanus, i, m. the river Rhone. 
 
 Rhodius, i, m. an inhabitant of 
 Rhodes ; a Rhodian. 
 
 Rhodope, es, f. a high mountain 
 in the western part of Thrace. 
 
 Rhodus, i, f. Rhcdes ; an island 
 in the Mediterranean sea. 
 
 Rhoeteum, i, n. a city and prom- 
 ontory of Troas. 
 
 Rhyndacus, i, m. a river of Mys- 
 ia. 
 
 Ridens, tis, part smiling ; laugh- 
 ing at ; from 
 
 Rideo, dere, si, sum, n. & a. to 
 laugh ; to laugh at ; to mock ; 
 to deride. 
 
 Rigeo, ere, ui, n. to be cold. 
 
 Rigidus, a, um, adj. severe. 
 
 Rigo, are, avi, atum, a. to water ; 
 to irrigate ; to bedew ; to wet. 
 
 Ripa, se, f. a bank. 
 
 Risi. See Rideo. 
 
 Risus, us, m. laughing ; laugh- 
 ter. 
 
 Rixor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 quajrel. 
 
 Robur, oris, n. strength: robur 
 militum, the flower of the sol- 
 diers. 
 
 Rogatus, a, um, part being ask 
 ed ; from 
 
 Rogo, are, avi, atum, a. to ask t 
 
244 
 
 ROGUS SAGITTA. 
 
 to request; to beg; to en- 
 treat. 
 
 Rogus, i, m. a funeral pile. 
 
 Roma, se, f. Rome, the chief city 
 of Italy, situated upon the Ti- 
 ber. 
 
 Romanus, a, um, adj. Roman. 
 
 Romanus, i, m. a Roman. 
 
 Romulus, i, m. the founder and 
 first king of Rome : Romulus 
 Silvius, a king of Alba. 
 
 Rostrum, i, n. a beak ; a bill ; a 
 snout. 
 
 Rota, se, f. a wheel. 
 
 Rotundus, a, um, adj. round. 
 
 Ruber, rubra, rubrum, adj. (rior, 
 errimus,) red. 
 
 Rudis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) rude ; 
 uncultivated ; new ; uncivil- 
 ized. 
 
 Ruina, ee, f. a ruin; a downfall; 
 a fall. 
 
 Rullianus, i, m. a Roman gene- 
 ral, who commanded the cav- 
 alry in a war with the Sam- 
 nites. 
 
 Rumpo, rumpere, rupi, ruptum, 
 a. to break ; to break off; to 
 break down ; to violate. 
 
 Ruo, uere, ui, utum, n. to run 
 headlong ; to fall; to be ruin- 
 ed ; to hasten down ; to rush. 
 
 Rupes, is, f. a rock ; a cliff. 
 
 Ruptus, a, um, part, (rumpo,) 
 broken; violated. 
 
 Rursus, adv. again. 
 
 Rus, ruris, n. the country; a 
 farm. 
 
 Rusticus, a, um, adj. rustic ; be- 
 longing to the country. 
 Rusticus, i, m. a countryman. 
 Rutilius, i, m. a Roman consul. 
 
 S. 
 
 Sabini, orum, m. the Sabines, a 
 people of Italy. 
 
 Sacer, sacra, sacrum, adj. (comp. 
 not used; sup. errimus,) sa- 
 cred ; holy; divine; conse- 
 crated. 
 
 Sacerdos, otis, c. a priest; a 
 priestess. 
 
 Sacra, orum, n. pi. religious ser- 
 vice ; sacrifice ; sacred rites ; 
 religious observances. 
 
 Sacrificans, tis, part (sacrift- 
 co,) sacrificing ; offering sac- 
 rifices. 
 
 Sacrificium, i, n. a sacrifice; 
 from 
 
 Sacrifico, are, avi, atum, a. 'sa- 
 cer & facio,) to sacrifice. 
 
 Ssepe, adv. (ius, issime, § 194,) 
 often ; frequently. 
 
 Ssevio, Ire, ii, itum, n. (ssevus,) 
 to rage ; to be cruel. 
 
 Seevitas, atis, f. cruelty ; severi- 
 ty ; savageness ; barbarity ; 
 from 
 
 Ssevus, a, um, adj. severe ; cruel; 
 fierce ; inhuman ; violent. 
 
 Saginatus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Sagino, are, avi, atum, a. to fat 
 ten. 
 
 Sagitta, 69, f. an arrow. 
 
SAGUNTINI SCHffiNEUS. 
 
 245 
 
 Saguntini, orum, m. pi. the Sa- 
 gwvtines ; the inhabitants of 
 Saguntum. 
 
 Saguntum, i, n. a town of Spain, 
 
 Salio, salire, salui & salii, n. to 
 spring ; to leap. 
 
 Salsus, a, urn, adj. (sal,) salt ; 
 sharp. 
 
 Salto, are, avi, atum, n. freq. 
 (salio,) to dance. 
 
 Saluber, -bris, -bre, adj. (brior, 
 berrlmus,) wholesome; salu- 
 brious; healthy. 
 
 Salubritas, atis, f. salubrity ; 
 healthfulness. 
 
 Salum, i, n. the sea. 
 
 Salus, utis, f. (salvus,) safety; 
 salvation ; health. 
 
 Saluto, are, avi, atum, a. to sa- 
 lute, to call. 
 
 Salvus, a, um, adj. safe ; pre- 
 served; unpunished. 
 
 Samnites, ium, m. pi. the Sam- 
 nites, a people of Italy. 
 
 Sanctus, a,um, adj. holy; blame- 
 less. 
 
 Sanguis, inis, m. blood. 
 
 Sapiens, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
 wise : — subs, a sage ; a wise 
 man. 
 
 Sapientia, se, f. wisdom ; philoso- 
 phy. 
 
 Sapio, ere, ui, n. to be wise. 
 
 Sarclna, se, f. a pack ; a bundle. 
 
 Sardinia, se, f. a large island in 
 the Mediterranean sea, west 
 of Italy. 
 
 Sarmatse, arum, m. the Sarma- 
 
 tians, a people inhabiting the 
 north of Europe and Asia. 
 
 Sarpedon, onis, m. a son of Ju- 
 piter and Europa. 
 
 Satelles, Itis, m. a satellite; a 
 guard ; a body-guard. 
 
 Satiatus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Satio, are, avi, atum, a. to satiate ; 
 to satisfy. 
 
 Satis, adj. & adv. enough; suf- 
 ficient ; sufficiently ; very , 
 quite. 
 
 Satur, ura, urum, adj. satiated; 
 full. 
 
 Saturnia, s, f. a name given to 
 Italy ; also, a citadel and town 
 near Janiculum. 
 
 Saturnus, i, m. the father of Ju- 
 piter. 
 
 Saucio, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 wound. 
 
 Saxum, i, n. a rock ; a stone. 
 
 Scsevola, se, m. (Mucius,) a brave 
 Roman soldier. 
 
 Scateo, ere, n. to be full; to 
 abound. 
 
 Scamander, dri, m. a river of 
 Troasj whichfiowsfrom mount 
 Ida into the Hellespont. 
 
 Scaurus, i, m. the surname of 
 several Romans. 
 
 Scelestus, a, um, adj. wicked; 
 from 
 
 Scelus, eris, n. wickedness; a 
 crime ; by metonymy, § 324, 
 2, a wicked person. 
 
 Scena, as, f. a scene; a stage. 
 
 Schceneus, i, m. a king of At 
 
246 
 
 SCHEMA SELEUCIA. 
 
 cadia, or ofScyros, and father 
 
 ofAtalanta. 
 Scheria, 33, f. an ancient name 
 
 of the island Corcyra, or 
 
 Corfu. 
 Scientia, 33, f. knoivledge ; from 
 Scio, ire, ivi, itum, a. to know; 
 
 to understand. 
 Scipio, onis, m. a distinguished 
 
 Roman family : Scipiones, the 
 
 Scipios. 
 Scopulus, i, m. a cliff; a rock. 
 Scorpio, onis, m. a scorpion. 
 Scotia, 33, f. Scotland. 
 Scriba, 83, m. a writer; a secre- 
 tary ; a scribe ; from 
 Scribo, scribere, scripsi, scrip- 
 turn, a. to iviite : scribere 
 
 leges, to prepare laws. 
 Scriptor, oris, m. a writer; an 
 
 author. 
 Scripturus, a, urn, part, (scribo.) 
 Scriptus, a, urn, part, (scribo.) 
 Scrutor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 
 search into ; to trace out. 
 Scutum, i, n. a shield. 
 Scylla, 83, f. the daughter of 
 
 JVisus. 
 Scyros, i, f. an island in the 
 
 JEgean sea. 
 Scythes, 83, m. an inhabitant of 
 
 Scythia ; a Scythian. 
 Scythia, 83, f. a vast country in 
 
 the north of Europe and 
 
 Asia. 
 Scythicus, a, um, adj. Scythian. 
 Seco, secare, secui, sectum, a. 
 
 to cut. 
 
 Secedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum, 
 n. (se & cedo,) to secede ; to 
 step aside ; to withdraw. 
 
 Sectatus, a, um, part, having 
 followed or attended ; from 
 
 Sector, ari, atus sum, dep. freq. 
 (sequor, § 187, II., 1,) to fol- 
 low ; to pursue ; to accom- 
 pany ; to attend; to strive 
 after. 
 
 Secum, (se & cum, § 133, R. 4,) 
 with himself; with herself; 
 with itself; with themselves. 
 
 Secundus, a, um, adj. the second; 
 prosperous : res secunda?, 
 prosperity. 
 
 Securis, is, f. an axe. 
 
 Secutus, a, um, part, (sequor.) 
 
 Sed, conj. § 198, 4 ; but. 
 
 Sedecim, num. adj. ind. pi. (sex 
 & decern,) sixteen. 
 
 Sedeo, sedere, sedi, sessum, n. 
 to sit ; to light upon. 
 
 Sedes, is, f. a seat ; a residence ; 
 a settlement: regni, the seat 
 of government. 
 
 Seditio, onis, f. sedition; a re- 
 bellion ; an insurrection. 
 
 Sedulus, a, um, adj. diligent. 
 
 Seges, etis, f. a crop ; a harvest. 
 
 Segnis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
 dull ; slow ; slothful ; slug- 
 gish. 
 
 Sejungo, -jungere, -junxi, -junc- 
 tum, a. (se & jungo,) to di- 
 vide ; to sever ; to separate. 
 
 Seleucia, as, f. a town of Syria- 
 near the Orontes 
 
SJEMEL SERO. 
 
 247 
 
 Semel, adv. once: plus semel, 
 more than once. 
 
 Semele, es, f. a daughter of 
 Cadmus and Hermione, and 
 mother of Bacchus. 
 
 Semiramis, idis, f. a warlike 
 queen of Assyria, and the wife 
 ofNinus. 
 
 Semper, adv. always. 
 
 Sempiternus, a, urn, adj. ever- 
 lasting. 
 
 Semprorrius, i, m. the name of a 
 Roman gens or clan : Sem- 
 pronius Gracchus, a Roman 
 general. 
 
 Sena, ge, f. a town of Picenum. 
 
 Senator, oris, m. (senex,) a sena- 
 tor. 
 
 Senatus, us & i, m. (senex,) a 
 senate. 
 
 Senecta, se, or Senectus, utis, f. 
 (senex,) old age. 
 
 Senescens, tis, part, from 
 
 Senesco, senescere, senui, inc. 
 to grow old ; to wane. 
 
 Senex, is, c. an old man or wo- 
 man: — adj. old: (comp. se- 
 nior.) § 126, 4. 
 
 Senones, um, m. pi. a people of 
 Gaul. 
 
 Sensi. See Sentio. 
 
 Sensus, us, m. (sentio,) sense; 
 feeling. 
 
 Sententia, &e, f. an opinion; a 
 proposition; a sentiment; from 
 
 Sentio, sentire, sensi, sensum, a. 
 to feel ; to perceive ; to he scnsi- 
 hle of; to observe ; to suppose. 
 21* 
 
 Separo, are, avi, atum, a. (se & 
 paro,) to separate ; to divide. 
 
 Sepelio, sepelire, sepelivi, se- 
 pulture a. to bury ; to inter. 
 
 Sepes, is, f. a hedge ; a fence. 
 
 Septem, num. adj. ind. pi. seven. 
 
 Septentrio, onis, m. the Northern 
 Bear ; the north. 
 
 Septies, num. adv. seven times. 
 
 Septimus, a, um, num. adj. (sep- 
 tem,) the seventh. 
 
 Septingenteslmus, a, um, num. 
 adj. the seven hundredth. 
 
 Septuageslmus, a, um, num. adj. 
 the seventieth. 
 
 Septuaginta, num. adj. ind. pL 
 seventy. 
 
 Sepulcrum, i, n. a grave ; a sep- 
 ulchre ; a tomb. 
 
 Sepultura, se, f. burial; inter- 
 ment. 
 
 Sepultus, a, um, part, (sepelio,) 
 buried. 
 
 Sequana, ee, m. the Seine, ariver 
 in France. 
 
 Sequens, tis, part, from 
 
 Sequor, sequi, secutus sum, dep. 
 to follow; to pursue. 
 
 Secutus, a, um, part (sequor.) 
 
 Serenus, a, um, adj. serene; 
 tranquil ; clear ;fair ; bright. 
 
 Sergius, i, m. the name of several 
 Romans. 
 
 Sermo, onis, m. speech ; a dis- 
 course ; conversation. 
 
 Sero, (serius,) adv. late ; too late. 
 
 Sero, serere, sevi, satum, a* to 
 sow ; to plant. 
 
248 
 
 SERPENS SILENUS. 
 
 Serpens, tis, c. (serpo,) a serpent ; 
 a snake. 
 
 Sertorius, i, m. a Roman gene- 
 ral. 
 
 Serus, a, urn, adj. late. 
 
 Servilius, i, m. the name of a 
 Roman family : Servilius 
 Case a, one of the murderers 
 of Casar. 
 
 Servio, ire, Ivi, itum, n. (servus,) 
 to be a slave ; to serve, (as a 
 slave.) 
 
 Servitium, i, n., or Servitus, utis, 
 f. (servus,) slavey ; bondage. 
 
 Servius, i, m. (Tullius,) the sixth 
 king of Rome. 
 
 Servo, are, avi, atum, a. to pre- 
 serve ; to guard; to ivatch; 
 to keep. 
 
 Servus, i, m. a slave ; a servant. 
 
 Sese, pro. ace. & abl. § 133, R. 2 ; 
 himself; herself; themselves. 
 
 Sestertium, i, n. a sestertium, or 
 a thousand sesterces. § 327, 3. 
 
 Sestertius, i, m. a sesterce, or 
 two and a half asses. § 327, 3. 
 
 Sestos, i, or -us, i, f. a town of 
 Thrace, on the shores of the 
 Hellespont, opposite to Aby- 
 dos. 
 
 Seta, ae, f. a bristle. 
 
 Setinus, a, um, adj. Setine; be- 
 longing to Setia, a city of 
 Campania, near the Pontine 
 Marshes, famous for its wine. 
 
 Sex, num. adj. ind. pi. six. 
 
 Sexageslmus, a, um, num. adj. 
 the sixtieth. 
 
 Sexaginta, num. adj. ind. pi 
 
 sixty. 
 Sexcentestmus, a, um, num. adj. 
 
 the six hundredth. 
 Sextus, a, um, num. adj. the 
 
 sixth. 
 Si, conj. if; whether; to see 
 
 whether ; si quando, if at any 
 
 time. 
 Sic, adv. so; thus; in such a 
 
 manner. 
 Siccius, i, m. (Dentatus,) the name 
 
 of a brave Roman soldier. 
 Siccus, a, um, adj. dry : siccum, 
 
 dry land. 
 Sicilia, se, f. Sicily, the largest 
 
 island in the Mediterranean. 
 Siculus, a, um, adj. Sicilian: 
 
 fretum, the straits of Messina. 
 Sicut, & Sicuti, adv. (sic ut,) as; 
 
 as if. 
 Sidon, onis, f. a maritime city of 
 
 Phoenicia. 
 Sidonius, a, um, adj. belonging 
 
 to Sidon ; Sidonian. 
 Sidus, eris, n. a star. 
 Signifrco, are, avi, atum, a. (sig- 
 
 num & facio,) to designate; 
 
 to mark; to express; to sig- 
 nify ; to give notice ; to im- 
 ply or mean. 
 Signum, i, n. a sign ; a token ; 
 
 a statue ; a standard ; colors. 
 Silens, tis, part (sileo,) silent; 
 
 keeping silence. 
 Silentium, i, n. silence. 
 Silenus, i, m. the foster-father 
 
 and instructor of Bacchus. 
 
SILEO SOLITUS. 
 
 249 
 
 Sileo, ere, ui, n. to be silent ; to 
 conceal, 
 
 Silva, or Sylva, se, f. a forest ; a 
 wood. 
 
 Silvia, se, f. (Rhea,) the mother of 
 Romulus, 
 
 Silvius, i, m. a son of Mneas, the 
 second king of Alba: Silvius 
 Procas, a king of Alba, the fa- 
 ther of JVumitor and Amulius. 
 
 Simia, se, f. an ape. 
 
 Simllis, e, adj. (ior, limus,) simi- 
 lar ; like. 
 
 Similiter, adv. in like manner. 
 
 Simplex, Icis, adj. (semel & pli- 
 co,) simple ; artless ; open ; 
 plain ; single. 
 
 Simois, entis, m. a river of Troas, 
 flowing into the Scamander. 
 
 Simonldes, is, m. a Greek poet, 
 born in the island of Cea. 
 
 Simul, adv. at the same time ; at 
 once ; together ; as soon as : 
 simul — simul, as soon as, or 
 no sooner than. 
 
 Simulacrum, i, n. (simulo,) an 
 image ; a statue. 
 
 Sin, conj. but if. 
 
 Sine, prep, without. 
 
 Singularis, e, adj. single ; singu- 
 lar ; distinguished ; extraor- 
 dinary : certamen singulare, 
 a single combat. 
 
 Singuli, se, a, num. adj. pi. each ; 
 one by one; every: singulis 
 menslbus, every month : sin- 
 gulis singulas partes, to each 
 a share. 
 
 Sinister, ra, rum, adj. left. 
 
 Sino, sinere, sivi, situm, a. to 
 permit. 
 
 Sinus, us, m. a bosom ; a bay ; a 
 gulf 
 
 Siquis, siqua, siquod or siquid, 
 pro. if any one ; if any thing. 
 
 Siquando, adv. if at any time ; if 
 ever. 
 
 Sitio, ire, ii, n. & a. to thirst; to 
 be thirsty ; to earnestly desire. 
 
 Sitis, is, f. thirst. 
 
 Situs, a, um, adj. placed; set; 
 situated ; permitted. 
 
 Sive, conj. or; or if; whether. 
 
 Sobrius, a, um, adj. sober ; tem- 
 perate. 
 
 Socer, eri, m. a father-in-law. 
 
 Socialis, e, adj. (socius,) pertain- 
 ing to allies ; social ; confed- 
 erate. 
 
 Societas, atis, f. society ; alliance ; 
 intercourse; partnership; from 
 
 Socius, i, m. an ally; a companion. 
 
 Socordia, se, f. (socors,) negli- 
 gence ; sloth. 
 
 Socrates, is, m. the most eminent 
 of the Athenian philosophers. 
 
 Sol, solis, m. the sun. 
 
 Soleo, ere, ltus sum, n. pass. 
 § 142, 2 ; to be wont ; to be 
 accustomed : solebat, used. 
 
 Solldus, a, um, adj. whole; solid; 
 entire. 
 
 Solitudo, inis, f. (solus,) a desert; 
 a wilderness; a solitary place. 
 
 Solltus, a, um, part, (soleo,) ac» 
 customed; usual. 
 
250 
 
 SOLLERS SPHINX. 
 
 Sollers, tis, adj. ingenious ; in- 
 ventive ; cunning ; skilful ; 
 shrewd. 
 
 Soilertia, se, f. sagacity; skill; 
 shrewdness, 
 
 Solon, onis, m. the lawgiver of 
 the Athenians, and one of the 
 seven wise men of Greece. 
 
 Solstitium, i, n. (sol & sisto,) the 
 solstice, particularly the sum- 
 mer solstice, in distinctionfrom 
 bruma, the winter solstice ; the 
 longest day. 
 
 Solum, i, n. the earth ; the soil; 
 land. 
 
 Solum, adv. alone ; only ; from 
 
 Solus, a, um, adj. § 107 ; alone. 
 
 Solutus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Solvo, solvere, solvi, solutum, a. 
 to dissolve; to melt; to an- 
 swer. 
 
 Somnio, are, avi, atum, n. to 
 dream ; from 
 
 Somnium, i, n. a dream ; from 
 
 Somnus, i, m. sleep. 
 
 Sonitus, us, m. a sound ; a noise. 
 
 Sono, are, ui, Itum, n. to sound; 
 to resound ; from 
 
 Sonus, i, m. a sound. 
 
 Sorbeo, -ere, -ui, to suck in ; to 
 absorb. 
 
 Soror, oris, f. a sister. 
 
 Sp., an abbreviation of Spurius. 
 
 Spargo, spargere, sparsi, spar- 
 sum, a. to sprinkle ; to strew ; 
 to scatter; to sow. 
 
 Sparsi. See Spargo. 
 
 Sparsus, a, um, part. 
 
 Sparta, se, f. Sparta or Laceda- 
 mon, the capital of Laco- 
 nia. 
 
 Spartacus, i, m. the name of a 
 celebrated gladiator. 
 
 Spartanus, i, m. a Spartan. 
 
 Sparti, orum, m. pi. a race of 
 men, said to have sprung from 
 the dragon's teeth which Cad- 
 mus sowed. 
 
 Spartum, i, n. Spanish broom, a 
 plant of which ropes were 
 made. 
 
 Spatiosus, a, um, adj. large; spa- 
 cious ; from 
 
 Spatium, i, n. a space ; room ; 
 distance. 
 
 Species, ei, f. (specio,) an ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 Spectaculum, i, n. a spectacle ; a 
 show ; from 
 
 Specto, are, avi, atum, a. freq. 
 (specio,) to behold; to see; to 
 consider ; to regard ; to relate ; 
 to refer. 
 
 Specus, us, m. f. & n. a cave. 
 
 Spelunca, se, f. a cave. 
 
 Spero, are, avi, atum, n. to hope ; 
 to expect. 
 
 Spes, ei, f. hope; expectation; 
 promise. 
 
 Speusippus, i, m. the nephew and 
 successor of Plato. 
 
 Sphinx, gis, f. a Sphinx. The 
 Egyptian Sphinx is represent- 
 ed as a monster, having a wo- 
 man's head on the body of a 
 lion. 
 
SPINA STRUO. 
 
 251 
 
 Spina, 33, f. a thorn ; a sting ; a 
 
 quill ; a spine ; a backbone. 
 Spiritus, us, m. a breath ; from 
 Spiro, are, avi, atum, n. to 
 
 breathe. 
 Splendeo, ere, ui, n. to shine; to 
 
 be conspicuous. 
 Splendldus, a, um, adj. splendid; 
 
 illustrious. 
 Splendor, oris, m. brightness ; 
 
 splendor. 
 Spolio, are, avi, atum, a. to de- 
 spoil ; to strip ; to deprive ; 
 
 from 
 Spolium, i, n. spoils ; booty. 
 Spondeo, spondere, spopondi, 
 
 sponsum, a. to promise; to 
 
 engage. 
 Sponsa, 33, f. a bride. 
 Spontis, gen., sponte, abl. sing., 
 
 f. §94; of himself ; of itself ; 
 
 of one's own accord; volunta- 
 rily ; spontaneously. 
 Spurius, i, m. a prsenomen among 
 
 the Romans. 
 Squama, 39, f. the scale of a fish. 
 Stabulum, i, n. (sto,) a stall ; a 
 
 stable. 
 Stadium, i, n. a stadium ; a 
 furlong ; a measure of 125 
 
 paces ; the race-ground. 
 Stannum, i, n. tin. 
 Stans, stantis, part, (sto.) 
 Statim, adv. immediately. 
 Statio, onis, f. (sto,) a station : 
 
 navium, roadstead; an an- 
 
 choring-place. 
 Statua, 33, f. (statuo,) a statue. 
 
 Statuarius, i, m. a statuary ; a 
 sculptor. 
 
 Statuo, uere, ui, utum, a. to de- 
 termine ; to resolve; to fix; to 
 judge; to decide; to believe. 
 
 Status, a, um, adj. fixed; stated; 
 appointed; certain. 
 
 Statutus, a, um, part, (statuo,) 
 placed; resolved; fixed; set- 
 tled, 
 
 Stella, 33, f. a star. 
 
 Sterllis, e, adj. unfruitful; ster- 
 ile ; barren. 
 
 Sterto, ere, ui, n. to snore. 
 
 Stipes, Itis, m. a stake ; the trunk 
 of a tree. 
 
 Stirps, is, f. a root ; a stock ; a 
 race ; a family. 
 
 Sto, stare, steti, statu m, n. to 
 stand ; to be stationary : stare 
 a partlbus, to favor the party. 
 
 Stolcus, i, m. a Stoic, one of a 
 sect of Grecian philosophers, 
 whose founder was Zeno. 
 
 Stolidltas, atis, f. stupidity; from 
 
 Stolidus, a, um, adj. foolish; sil- 
 ly ; stupid, 
 
 Strages, is, f. (sterno,) an over- 
 throw ; slaughter. 
 
 Strangulo, are, avi, atum, a, to 
 strangle. 
 
 Strenue, adv. bravely ; actively ; 
 vigorously; strenuously ; from 
 
 Strenuus, a, um, adj. bold ; stren- 
 uous ; brave ; valiant. 
 
 Strophades, um, f. pi. two small 
 islands in the Ionian sea. 
 
 Struo, struere, struxi, structum. 
 
252 
 
 STRUTHIOCAMELUS SUBVENIO. 
 
 a. to put together; to con- 
 struct ; to build : insidias, to 
 prepare an ambuscade. 
 
 Struthiocamelus, i, m. an ostrich. 
 
 Strymon, onis, m. a river which 
 was anciently the boundary be- 
 tween Macedonia and Thrace. 
 
 Studeo, ere, ui, n. to favor ; to 
 study ; to endeavor ; to attend 
 to; to pursue. 
 
 Studiose, adv. (studiosus,) studi- 
 ously ; diligently. 
 
 Studium, i, n. zeal ; study ; dili- 
 gence; eagerness. 
 
 Stultitia, se, f. folly ; from 
 
 Stultus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 foolish: stui ti, fools. 
 
 Stupe o, ere, ui, n.tobe astonished 
 at ; to be amazed. 
 
 Sturnus, i, m. a starling. 
 
 Suadendus, a, um, part, (suadeo.) 
 
 Suadens, tis, part, from 
 
 Suadeo, suadere, suasi, suasum, 
 a. & n. to advise; to per- 
 suade ; to urge. 
 
 Suavitas, atis, f. (suavis,) sweet- 
 ness ; grace ; melody. 
 
 Suaviter, adv. sweetly; agreea- 
 
 %• 
 
 Sub, prep, under ; near to ; near 
 the time of; just before; at; 
 in the time of. 
 
 Subduco, -ducere, -duxi, -duc- 
 tum, a. (sub & duco,) to loith- 
 draw ; to take away ; to with- 
 hold. 
 
 Sub ductus, a, um, part. 
 
 Subeo, ire, Ivi & ii, ltum, irr. n. 
 
 (sub & eo, § 182,) to go un- 
 der ; to submit to : onus, to 
 take up or sustain a burden. 
 
 Sublgo, -igere, -egi, -actum, a. 
 (sub & ago,) to subject ; to 
 subdue; to conquer. 
 
 Subito, adv. suddenly ; from 
 
 Subitus, a, um, adj. (subeo,) sud- 
 den ; unexpected. 
 
 Sublatus, a, um, part, (sustollo,) 
 taken away ; lifted %ip. 
 
 Sublimis, e, adj. sublime; high 
 in the air : in sublime, aloft. 
 
 Sublime, adv. aloft; in the air. 
 
 Submergo,-mergere,-mersi,-mer- 
 sum, a. (sub & mergo,) to over- 
 whelm; to sink. 
 
 Submergor, -mergi, -mersus sum, 
 pass, to be overwhelmed; to 
 sink. 
 
 Submersus, a, um, part 
 
 Subridens, tis, part, smiling at. 
 
 Subrideo, -ridere, -risi, -risum, 
 n. (sub & rideo,) to smile. 
 
 Subsilio, -silire, -silui & -silii, 
 n. (sub & salio,) to leap; to 
 jump. 
 
 Substituo, -stituere, -stitui, -sti- 
 tutum, a. (sub & statuo,) to 
 put in one's place ; to substi- 
 tute. 
 
 Subter, prep, under. 
 
 Subterraneus, a, um, adj. (sub & 
 terra,) subteiranean. 
 
 Subvenio, -venire, -veni, -ven- 
 turn, n. (sub & venio,) to come 
 to one's assistance ; to succor : 
 to helv 
 
SUBVOLO SUPERUS. 
 
 253 
 
 Subvolo, are, avi, atum, n. (sub 
 & volo,) to fly up. 
 
 Succedo, -cedere, -cessi, -ces- 
 eum, n. (sub & cedo,) to suc- 
 ceed; to follow. 
 
 Successor, oris, m. a successor. 
 
 Succus, i, m. juice ; liquid ; 
 sap. 
 
 Suffero, sufferre, sustuli, subla- 
 tum, irr. a. (sub & fero,) to 
 take away ; to undertake ; to 
 bear. 
 
 Suffetius, i, m. (Metius,) an Al- 
 lan general, put to death by 
 Tullus Hostilius. 
 
 Sufficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum, 
 n. (sub & facio,) to suffice ; to 
 be sufficient. 
 
 Suffodio, -fodere, -fodi, -fossum, 
 a. (sub & fodio,) to dig under; 
 to undermine. 
 
 Suffossus, a, um, part. 
 
 Suffragium, i, n. suffrage ; vote ; 
 a ballot ; choice. 
 
 Sui, pro. gen. § 133; of himself ; 
 of herself ; of itself: duae sibi 
 similes, like one another. 
 
 Sulla, or Sylla, se, m. a distin- 
 guished Roman general. 
 
 Sulpicius, i, m. (Gallus,) a Ro- 
 man, celebrated for his learn- 
 ing and eloquence, and for his 
 skill in astrology. 
 
 Sum, esse, fui, irr. n. § 153 ; to 
 be ; to exist ; to serve for : 
 terrori esse, to excite terror. 
 
 Summus, a, um, adj. (see Supe- 
 rus,) the highest ; greatest ; 
 
 perfect: m summa aqua, on 
 the surface of the water. 
 
 Sumo, sumere, sumpsi, sump- 
 tum, a. to take. 
 
 Sumptus, a, um, part 
 
 Sumptus, us, m. expense. 
 
 Supellex, supellectilis, f. furni- 
 ture ; household goods. 
 
 Super, prep, above ; upon. 
 
 Superbe, adv. (ius, isslme,) proud- 
 ly ; haughtily. 
 
 Superbia, se, f. (superbus,) pride ; 
 haughtiness. 
 
 Superbio, ire, Ivi, itum, n. to 
 be proud; to be proud of; 
 from 
 
 Superbus, a, um, adj. proud ; a 
 surname of Tarquin, the last 
 king of Rome, the Proud. 
 
 Superfluus, a, um, adj. (super- 
 fluo,) superfluous. 
 
 Superjacio, -jacere, -jeci, -jac- 
 tum, a. (super & jacio,) to 
 throw upon ; to shoot over. 
 
 Superjacior, -jaci, -jactus sum, 
 pass, to be shot over. 
 
 Supero, are, avi, atum, a. (super,) 
 to surpass ; to conquer ; to 
 excel ; to vanquish. 
 
 Superstitiosus, a, um, adj. super- 
 stitious. 
 
 Supersum, -esse, -fui, irr. n. (su- 
 per & sum,) to remain; to 
 survive. 
 
 Superus, a, um, adj. (comp. su- 
 perior ; sup. supremus or 
 summus, § 125, 4,) above 
 high; upper. 
 
254 
 
 SUPERVACUUS TACEO. 
 
 Supervacuus, a, um, adj. super- 
 Jluous. 
 
 Supervenio, -venire, -veni, -ven- 
 tum, n. (super & venio,) to 
 come upon ; to come ; to sur- 
 prise suddenly, 
 
 (Supervolo, are, avi, atum, n. (su- 
 per & volo,) to fly over. 
 
 Suppeto, ere, ivi, itum, n. (sub & 
 peto,) to suffice ; to remain; to 
 serve; to be sufficient. 
 
 Supplex, Icis, adj. suppliant. 
 
 Supplicium, i. n. a punishment. 
 
 Suppono, -ponere, -posui, -posi- 
 tum, a. (sub & pono,) to put 
 under ; to substitute. 
 
 Supra, prep. & adv. above ; be- 
 fore. 
 
 Surena, 89, m. the title of a Par- 
 thian officer, next in authority 
 to the king. 
 
 Surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrec- 
 tum, n. to rise. 
 
 Sus, uis, c. swine ; a hog. 
 
 Suscipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptum, 
 a. (sub & capio,) to under- 
 take ; to take upon ; to engage 
 in ; to receive. 
 
 Suspectus,a, um, part. & adj. (sus- 
 picio,) suspected ; mistrusted. 
 
 Suspendo, -pendere, -pendi, -pen- 
 sum, a. (sub & pendo,) to sus- 
 pend ; to hang ; to hang 
 up. 
 
 Suspensus, a, um, part. 
 
 Suspicio, -spicere, -spexi, -spec- 
 turn, a. (sub & specio,) to sus- 
 pect. 
 
 Susptcor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 suspect ; to surmise. 
 
 Sustento, are, avi, atum, freq. to 
 sustain ; to support : susten- 
 tare vitam, to support one*8 
 self; from 
 
 Sustineo, -tinere, -tinui, -tentum, 
 a. (sub & teneo,) to bear; to 
 can-y ; to sustain; to support. 
 
 Sustollo, sustollere, sustuli, sub- 
 latum, a. to take away ; to lift 
 up ; to raise. 
 
 Suus, a, um, pro. his ; hers ; its ; 
 theirs. § 139, R. 2. 
 
 Sylla. See Sulla. 
 
 Syllaba, se, f. a syllable 
 
 Sylva. See Silva. 
 
 Syphax, acis, m. a king of Nu- 
 midia. 
 
 Syracuse, arum, f. pi. Syracuse, 
 a celebrated city of Sicily. 
 
 Syria, a3, f. a large country of 
 Asia, at the eastern extremity 
 of the Mediterranean sea. 
 
 Syriacus, a, um, adj. Syrian ; be- 
 longing to Syria. 
 
 T. 
 
 T., an abbreviation of Titus. 
 Tabesco, tabescere, tabui, inc. to 
 
 consume ; to pine away. 
 Tabula, 89, f. a table ; a tablet ; 
 
 a picture ; a painting : plum- 
 
 bea tabula, a plate or sheet of 
 
 lead. 
 Taceo, ere, ui, Itum, n. to be su 
 
 lent. 
 
TACTUS TAUK1CA. 
 
 255 
 
 Tactus, us, m. (tango,) the touch. 
 Tsedet, tseduit, tsesum est or 
 
 pertaesum est, imp. to be 
 
 weary of: vitas eos teedet, 
 
 they are weary of life. 
 Taenarus, i, m., & um, i, n. a 
 
 promontory in Laconia, now 
 
 cape Matapan. 
 Talentum, i, n. a talent ; a sum 
 
 variously estimatedfrom $860 
 
 to $1020. 
 Talis, e, adj. such. 
 Talpa, se, c. a mole. 
 Tam, adv. so ; so much. 
 Tamen, conj. yet ; notwithstand- 
 ing ; still ; nevertheless. 
 Tanais, is, m. a river between Eu- 
 rope and Asia, now the Don. 
 Tanaquil, ilis, f. the wife of Tar- 
 
 quinius Priscus. 
 Tandem, adv. at length ; at last ; 
 
 finally. 
 Tango, tangere, tetigi, tactum, 
 
 a. to touch. 
 Tanquam, or Tamquam, adv. as ; 
 
 as well as ; as if; like. 
 Tantalus, i, m. a son of Jupiter ; 
 
 the father of Pelops, and king 
 
 of Phrygia. 
 Tanto, adv. (tantus,) so much. 
 Tantopere, adv. (tantus & opus,) 
 
 so much ; so greatly. 
 Tantum, adv. only; so much; 
 
 from 
 Tantus, a, um, adj. so great; 
 
 such : tanti, of so much value : 
 
 tanti est, it is worth the pains ; 
 
 it makes amends ■ n'"*n est 
 22 
 
 tanti, it is not best ; it is not 
 
 worth while. 
 Tarde, adv. (ius, isslme,) (tardus/ 
 
 slowly. 
 Tarditas, atis, f. (tardus,) slow 
 
 ness ; dulness ; heaviness. 
 Tardo, are, avi, atum, a. to retard, 
 
 to check ; to stop ; from 
 Tardus, a, um, adj. slow ; dull. 
 Tarentinus, a, um, adj. Tar 
 
 entine; of or belonging to 
 
 Tarentum : Tarentini, Tar- 
 
 entines ; the inhabitants oj 
 
 Tarentum. 
 Tarentum, i, n. a celebrated cih 
 
 in the south of Italy. 
 Tarpeia, 83, f. the daughter of 
 
 Sp. Tarpeius : she betrayed 
 
 the Roman citadel to the Sa 
 
 bines. 
 Tarpeius, a, um, adj. Tarpeian : 
 
 mons, the Tarpeian or Capi 
 
 toline mount. 
 Tarquinii, orum, m. pi. a city oj 
 
 Etruria, whence the family of 
 
 Tarquin derived their name. 
 Tarquinius, i, m. Tarquin; the 
 
 name of an illustrious Roman 
 
 family ', of which two, Priscus 
 
 and Superbus, were kings . 
 
 Tarquinii, orum, pi. the Tar> 
 
 quins. 
 Tartarus, i, m., & -a, orum, pi 
 
 n. Tartarus ; the infernal re 
 
 gions. 
 Taurlca, 33, f. a large peninsuh 
 
 of the Black sea, now callec 
 
 the Crimea or Taurida. 
 
I 
 256 
 
 TAURUS TERBJTO. 
 
 Taurus, i, m. a high range of 
 mountains in Asia. 
 
 Taurus, i, m. a bull. 
 
 Taygetus, i, m., & -a, orum, pi. 
 n. a mountain of Laconia, 
 near Sparta. 
 
 Tectum, i, n. a roof; a house. 
 
 Tectus, a, um, part, (tego,) cov- 
 ered ; defended. 
 
 Teges, etis, f. a mat ; a rug ; a 
 coverlet; from 
 
 Tego, gere, xi, ctum, a. to cover ; 
 to defend. 
 
 Tegumentum, i, n. a covering. 
 
 Telum, i, n. a weapon ; a dart ; 
 an arrow. 
 
 Temere, adv. at random ; acci- 
 dentally ; rashly. 
 
 Tempe, n. pi. indec. a beautiful 
 vale in Thessaly, through 
 which the river Peneus flows. 
 
 Temperies, iei, f. temperateness ; 
 mildness ; temperature. 
 
 Tempestas, atis, f. a storm; a 
 tempest. 
 
 Templum, i, n. a temple. 
 
 Tempus, oris, n. time ; a season : 
 ad tempus, at the time ap- 
 pointed : ex tempore, without 
 premeditation. 
 
 Temulentus, a, um, adj. drunk- 
 en; intoxicated. 
 
 Tendo, tendere, tetendi, ten- 
 sum, a. to stretch ; to stretch 
 out ; to extend ; to go ; to ad- 
 vance. 
 
 Tenebrae, arum, f. pi. darkness. 
 
 Teneo, tenere, tenui, tentum, a. 
 
 to hold ; to have ; to keep ; to 
 possess ; to know ; to hold by 
 a garrison : portum, to reach 
 the harbor. 
 
 Tentatus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Tento, are, avi, atum, a. freq. 
 to attempt ; to try. 
 
 Tentyrltse, arum, c. pi. the in- 
 habitants of Tentyra, a town 
 and island in Upper Egypt. 
 
 Tenuis, e, adj. thin; light; rare. 
 
 Tenus, prep, up to ; as far as. 
 
 Tepesco, escere, ui, inc. (tepeo,) 
 to grow warm or cool ; to be- 
 come tepid. 
 
 Ter, num. adv. thrice. 
 
 Terentius, i, m. a Roman proper 
 name. 
 
 Tergum, i, n. the back; the far- 
 ther side : a tergo, from be- 
 hind : ad terga, behind. 
 
 TermTno, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 bound ; to limit ; to terminate. 
 
 Terminus, i, m. a boundary ; a 
 limit ; an end ; bounds. 
 
 Terni, se, a, num. adj. pi. three 
 by three ; three. 
 
 Terra, ae, f. the earth ; a country ; 
 the land: omnes terree, the 
 whole world. 
 
 Terreo, ere, ui, itum$ a. to terri- 
 fy ; to scare; to frighten. 
 
 Terrester, terrestris, terrestre, 
 adj. terrestrial : animal ter- 
 restre, a land animal. 
 
 Terribllis, e, adj. terrible. 
 
 Territo, are, avi, atum, freq. (ter- 
 reo,) to terrify ; to affright. 
 
TERRITORIUM TICIJSUM. 
 
 257 
 
 Territorium, i, n. (terra,) terri- 
 tory. 
 Terrltus, a, urn, part (terreo.) 
 Terror, oris, m. terror ; conster- 
 nation ; fear. 
 Tertius, a, urn, num. adj. the third. 
 Tertio, num. adv. the third 
 
 time. 
 Testa, ge, f. an earthen vessel; 
 
 a shell. 
 Testamentum, 1, n. a mill ; a 
 
 testament. 
 Testudo, inis, f. a tortoise. 
 Tetlgi. See Tango. 
 Teutones, um, & Teutoni, orum, 
 
 m. pi. a nation who lived in 
 
 the northern part of Germany, 
 
 near the Cimbri. 
 Texo, texgre, texui, textum, a. 
 
 to weave ; to plait ; to form ; 
 
 to construct. 
 Thalamus, i, m. a bed-chamber ; 
 
 a dwelling. 
 Thales, is & etis, m. a Milesian, 
 
 one of the seven wise men of 
 
 Greece. 
 Thasus, i, f. an island on the 
 
 coast of Thrace. 
 Theatrum, i, n. a theatre. 
 Thebae, arum, f. pi. Thebes, the 
 
 capital of Bceotia. 
 Thebanus, a, um, adj. Theban ; 
 
 belonging to Thebes. 
 Thelesinus, i, m. a Roman proper 
 
 name. 
 Themistocles, is, m. a celebrated 
 
 Athenian general in the Per- 
 
 Theodorus, i, m. a philosopher 
 of Cyrence. 
 
 Thermodon, ontis, m. a river oj 
 Pontus. 
 
 Theseus, i, m. a king of Athens, 
 and son of Mgeus, was one 
 of the most celebrated heroes 
 of antiquity. 
 
 Thessalia, bb, f. Thessaly ; a 
 country of Greece, south of 
 Macedonia. 
 
 Thessalus, a, um, adj. belonging 
 to Thessaly; Thessalian. 
 
 Thestius, i, m. the father of Al- 
 thcea. 
 
 Thetis, Idis & Idos, f. one of the 
 sea nymphs; the wife of Pe- 
 leus, and mother of Achilles. 
 
 Theutobochus, i, m. a king of 
 the Cimbri. 
 
 Thracia, se, f. Thrace, a large 
 country east of Macedonia. 
 
 Thracius, a, um, adj. belonging 
 to Thrace ; Thracian. 
 
 Thrasybulus, i, m. an Athenian 
 general, celebrated for freeing 
 his country from the thirty 
 tyrants. 
 
 Thus, thuris, n. frankincense. 
 
 Tiberis, is, m. § 79 ; the Tiber, 
 a famous river of Italy. 
 
 Tibi. See Tu. 
 
 Tiblcen, inis, m. one who plays 
 upon the flute ; a piper. 
 
 Ticlnum, i, n. a town of Cisal- 
 pine Gaul, where the Ro- 
 mans were defeated by Han* 
 nibal. 
 
258 
 
 TIGRANE S TRANS ACTU S . 
 
 Figranes, is, m. a king of Ar- 
 menia Major. 
 
 Tigranocerta, orum, n. a city of 
 Armenia Major, founded by 
 Tigrdnes. 
 
 Tigris, idis, (seldom is,) f. a tiger. 
 
 Tigris, Idis & is, m. a river in 
 Asia. 
 
 Timens, tis, part, from 
 
 Timeo, ere, ui, n. & a. to fear ; 
 to dread ; to be afraid. 
 
 Timidus, a, urn, adj. timid; 
 cowardly. 
 
 Timor, oris, m.fear. 
 
 Tinnitus, us, m. a tinkling. 
 
 Tintinnabiilum, i, n. a bell. 
 
 Titio,6nis,m. a brand; afirebrand. 
 
 Titus, i, m. a Roman prsnomen. 
 
 Tolero, are, avi, atum, a. to bear ; 
 to endure ; to admit of. 
 
 Tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatum, 
 a. to raise ; to pick up ; to 
 remove ; to do away with. 
 
 Tondeo, tondere, totondi, ton- 
 sum, a. to shave ; to shear. 
 
 Fonltru, u, n. thunder. 
 
 Tono, are, ui, ltum, n. to thun- 
 der : tonat, it thunders. 
 
 Tormentum, i, n. (torqueo,) an 
 engine for throwing stones 
 and darts. 
 
 Forquatus, i, m. a surname given 
 to T. Manlius and his de- 
 scendants. 
 
 Torquis, is, d. a collar ; a chain. 
 
 Tot, ind. adj. so many. 
 
 Totidem, ind. adj. the same num- 
 ber ; as many. 
 
 Totus, a, um, adj. § 107 ; whole ; 
 entire; all. 
 
 Trabs, is, f. a beam. 
 
 Tractatus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Tracto, are, avi, atum, a. freq. 
 (traho,) to treat ; to handle. 
 
 Tractus, us, m. (traho,) a tract ; 
 a country ; a region. 
 
 Tractus, a, um, part, (traho.) 
 
 Traditus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Trado, -dere, -didi, -ditum, a. 
 (trans & do,) to deliver; to 
 give; to give up; to relate; 
 to teach : tradunt, they report : 
 traditur, it is related; it is 
 reported : traduntur, they are 
 imported. 
 
 Tragicus, a, um, adj. tragic. 
 
 Tragcedia, se, f. a tragedy. 
 
 Traho, trahere, traxi, tractum, a. 
 to draw ; to drag : bellum, to 
 protract ; to prolong : liqui- 
 das aquas trahere, to draw 
 along clear waters; to flow 
 with a clear stream. 
 
 Trajicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, 
 a. (trans & jacio,) to convey 
 over ; to pass or c?*oss over. 
 
 Trames, itis, m. (trameo,) a path ; 
 a way. 
 
 Trano, are, avi, atum, n. (trans 
 & no,) to swim over. 
 
 Tranquillus, a, um, adj. tran- 
 quil ; calm ; serene. 
 
 Trans, prep, over; beyond; on 
 the other side. 
 
 Trans actus, a, um, part, (trans 
 
TRANSEO TRIUMPHALIS. 
 
 259 
 
 Transeo, ire, ii, Itum, irr. n. 
 (trans & eo,) to pass or go 
 over. 
 
 Transfero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, 
 irr. a. (trans & fero,) to trans- 
 fer ; to carry over : se ad ali- 
 quem, to go over to. 
 
 Transf Igo, -figere, -fixi, -fixum, a. 
 (trans & figo.) to pierce ; to 
 run through ; to stab. 
 
 Transfuga, se, c. a deserter. 
 
 Transgredior, -gredi, -gressus 
 sum, dep. (trans & gradior,) 
 to go or pass over. 
 
 Translgo, -igere, -egi, -actum, a. 
 (trans & ago,) to transact; to 
 finish ; to spend. 
 
 Transilio, -silire, -silui & -silivi, 
 n. (trans & salio,) to leap over. 
 
 Transiturus, a, um, part, (trans- 
 eo,) about to pass over; to 
 pass on. 
 
 Translatus, a, um, part (trans- 
 fero.) 
 
 Transmarinus, a, um, adj. (trans 
 & mare,) beyond the sea; 
 foreign ; transmarine. 
 
 Transno. See Trano. 
 
 Transveho, -vehere, -vexi, -vee- 
 tum, a. (trans & veho,) to car- 
 ry over ; to convey ; to trans- 
 port. 
 
 Transvolo, are, avi, atum, n. 
 (trans & volo,) to fly over. 
 
 Trasimenus, i, m. a lake in Etru- 
 ria, near which the consul Fla- 
 minius was defeated by Han- 
 nibal, 
 
 22* 
 
 Trebia, se, f. a river of Cisalpine 
 
 Gaul, emptying into the Po. 
 Trecenti, aa, a, num. adj. pL 
 
 three hundred. 
 Trecenteslmus, a, um, num. adj. 
 
 the three hundredth. 
 Tredecim, num. adj. pi. ind. 
 
 thirteen. 
 Tres, tria, num. adj. pi. § 109 ; 
 
 three. 
 Treviri, orum, m. pi. a people of 
 
 Belgium. 
 Triangularis, e, adj. (triangulum,) 
 
 triangular ; three-cornered. 
 Tribunus, i, m. a tribune. 
 Tribuo, uere, ui, utum, a. to at- 
 tribute ; to give ; to grant ; to 
 
 bestow; to commit. 
 Tributum, i, n. a tribute ; a tax ; 
 
 a contribution ; an assess- 
 ment. 
 Triceslmus, a, um, num. adj. the 
 
 thirtieth. 
 Triduum, i, n. the space of three 
 
 days : per triduum, for three 
 
 days. 
 Triennium, i, n. (tres & annus,) 
 
 the space of three years. 
 Trigemini, orum, m. pi. three 
 
 brothers born at one birth. 
 Triginta, num. adj. pi. ind. thirty. 
 Trinacria, 33, f. one of the names 
 
 of Sicily. 
 Triptolemus, i, m. the son of Ce« 
 
 leus, king of Eleusis. 
 Tristitia, 33, f. sorrow ; grief. 
 Triumphalis, e, adj. (tnumphusj 
 
 triumphal. 
 
260 
 
 TRIUMPHANS TYRIUS. 
 
 Triumphans, tis, part, from 
 
 Triumpho, are, avi, atum, n. to 
 triumph, 
 
 Friumphus, i, m. a triumph ; a 
 triumphal procession. 
 
 Triumvir, viri, m. (tres & vir,) 
 one of three joint public offi- 
 cers ; a triumvir. 
 
 Proas, adis, f. a country of Asia 
 Minor, bordering upon the 
 Hellespont. 
 
 Trochilus, i, m. a ivren. 
 
 Troglodytes, arum, c. pi. Trog- 
 lodytes, a people of Ethiopia, 
 who dwelt in caves. 
 
 Troja, 33, f. Troy, the capital of 
 Troas. 
 
 Trojanus, a, um, adj. Trojan. 
 
 Trucido, are, avi, atum, a. to slay; 
 to murder ; to massacre. 
 
 Trux, ucis, adj. savage ; cruel ; 
 fierce ; stern ; grim. 
 
 Tu, subs. pro. thou ; § 133. 
 
 Tuba, se, f. a trumpet. 
 
 Tuber, eris, n. a bunch ; a tu- 
 mor; a protuberance. 
 
 Tubicen, tnis, m. (tuba & cano,) 
 a trumpeter. 
 
 rue or, tueri, tuitus sum, dep. to 
 defend; to protect. 
 
 Tugurium, i, n. a hut ; a shed. 
 
 Tuli. See Fero. 
 
 Tullia, SB, f. the daughter of Ser- 
 vius Tullius. 
 
 Tullius, i, m. a Roman. 
 
 Cullus, i, m. (Hostilius,) the third 
 Roman king. 
 
 Fum, adv. then; and; so; also: 
 
 turn — turn, asweU — as; both 
 — and : turn demum, then first 
 
 Tumultus, us, m. a noise ; a tu- 
 mult. 
 
 Tumulus, i, m. a mound ; a tomb. 
 
 Tunc, adv. then. 
 
 Tunica, 83, f. a tunic; a close 
 woollen garment, worn under 
 the toga. 
 
 Turbatus, a, um, part, disturbed; 
 confused; troubled; from 
 
 Turbo, are, avi, atum, a. (turba,) 
 to disturb ; to trouble. 
 
 Turma, 83, f. a troop ; a compa- 
 ny. 
 
 Turpis, e, adj. base ; disgraceful. 
 
 Turpitudo, inis, f. baseness ; ug- 
 
 Turris, is, f. a tower. 
 
 Tuscia, 83, f. a country of Italy, 
 the same as Etruria. 
 
 Tusculum, i, n. a city of Latium. 
 
 Tuscus, a, um, adj. Tuscan ; be- 
 longing to Tuscany; Etru- 
 rian. 
 
 Tutor, oris, m. a guardian ; a tu- 
 tor. 
 
 Tutus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
 safe. 
 
 Tuus, a, um, adj. pro. § 139; (tu,) 
 thy; thine 
 
 Tyrannis, Idis & idos, f. tyranny; 
 arbitrary power. 
 
 Tyrannus, i, m. a tyrant; a 
 usurper ; a king. 
 
 Tyrius, a, um, adj. Tyrian: Tyr- 
 ii, Tyrians ; inhabitants of 
 Tyre. 
 
TYRRHENUS UT. 
 
 261 
 
 ryrrhenus, a, urn, adj. Tyrrhe- 
 nian or Tuscan; belonging 
 to Tuscany. 
 
 Fyrus, i, f. a celebrated maritime 
 city of Phoenicia. 
 
 u. 
 
 Liber, eris, n. an udder ; a teat. 
 LTbertas, atis, f. fertility ; fruit- 
 
 fulness. 
 Ubi, adv. where ; when ; as soon 
 
 as. 
 Ubique, adv. every where. 
 Ulcisor, ulcisci, ultus sum, dep. 
 
 to take revenge; to avenge. 
 CJllus, a, um, adj. § 107 ; any ; 
 
 any one. 
 Ulterior, us, (ultimus,) § 126, 1 ; 
 
 further. 
 Ulterius, adv. farther ; beyond ; 
 
 longer. 
 Ultlmus, a, um, adj. (sup. of ul- 
 terior,) the last. 
 Ultra, prep, beyond; more than: 
 
 — adv. besides ; moreover ; 
 
 further. 
 Ultus, a, um, part (ulciscor,) 
 
 having avenged. 
 Ulysses, is, m. a distinguished 
 
 king of Ithaca. 
 Umbra, ae, f. a shade ; a shadow. 
 Umbro, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 
 shade ; to darken. 
 Una, adv. (unus,) together. 
 Unde, adv. whence ; from which. 
 Undecim, num. adj. pi. ind. 
 
 eleven. 
 
 Undenonagesimus, a, um, num, 
 
 adj. the eighty -ninth. 
 Undequinquaginta, num. adj. pi. 
 
 ind. forty-nine. 
 Undetricesimus, a, um, num. adj 
 
 twenty-ninth. [nineteenth. 
 
 Undevicesimus, a, um, num. adj. 
 Undeviginti, num. adj. nineteen. 
 Undique, adv. on all sides. 
 Unguis, is, m. a claw ; a talon ; 
 
 a nail. 
 Ungula, se, f. a claw ; a talon ; 
 
 a hoof: binis ungulis, cloven- 
 footed. 
 Unlcus, a, um, adj. one alone ; 
 
 sole; only. 
 Unio, ouis, m. a pearl. 
 Universus, a, um, adj. (unus & 
 
 versus,) whole ; universal ; all. 
 Unquam, adv. ever : nee un- 
 
 quam, and never. 
 Unus, a, um, num. adj. § 107 ; 
 
 one ; only; alone. 
 Unusquisque, unaquseque, unum- 
 
 quodque, adj. each one ; each ; 
 
 § 138, 4. 
 Urbs, is, f. a city ; the chief city ; 
 
 Rome. 
 Uro, urere, us si, ustum, a. to 
 
 burn. 
 Ursus, i, m. a bear. 
 Usque, adv. even ; as far as; till 
 
 until. 
 Usus, a, um, part (utor.) 
 Usus, us, m. use ; custom ; profit 
 
 advantage. 
 Ut, conj. that ; in order that ; so 
 
 that; adv. as. 
 
262 
 
 UTCUNQ.UE VEL. 
 
 Utcunque, adv. howsoever; some- 
 what ; in some degree. 
 
 Uter, tra, trum, adj. § 107 ; which? 
 which of the two? 
 
 Uterque, traque, trumque, adj. 
 § 107 ; both ; each ; each of 
 the two. 
 
 Utilis, e, adj. (utor,) useful. 
 
 Utica, ae, f. a maritime city of 
 Africa, near Carthage. 
 
 Utor, uti, usus sum, dep. to use ; 
 to make use of. 
 
 Utrinque, adv. on both sides. 
 
 Utrum, adv. whether. 
 
 Uva, ae, f. a grape; a bunch of 
 grapes : passa, a raisin. 
 
 Uxor, oris, f. a wife 
 
 Vaco, are, avi, atum, n. to be free 
 from. 
 
 Vacuus, a, um, adj. empty ; un- 
 occupied; vacant; free; ex- 
 empt : vacuus viator, the des- 
 titute traveller, 
 
 Vadosus, a, um, adj. fordable ; 
 shallow; from 
 
 Vadum, i, n. a ford; a shallow. 
 
 Vagans, tis, part, (vagor.) 
 
 Vagina, ae, £ a scabbard; a 
 sheath. 
 
 Vagitus, us, m. weeping ; crying. 
 
 Vagor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 wander about ; to stray. 
 
 Valeo, ere, ui, n. to be strong; to 
 avail; to be distinguished ; to 
 be eminent: multum valere, 
 
 to be very powerful : vale, 
 farewell. 
 
 Valerius, i, m. a Roman proper 
 name. 
 
 Vallis, is, £ a valley ; a vale. 
 
 Varietas, atis, £ (varius,) varie- 
 ty ; change. 
 
 Vario, are, avi, atum, a. to change; 
 to vary ; from 
 
 Varius, a, um, adj. various ; di- 
 verse. 
 
 Varro, onis, m. (Marcus,) a very 
 learned Roman, some of whose 
 works are still extant : P. Te- 
 rentius, a consul, who was de- 
 feated by Hannibal. 
 
 Vasto, are, avi, atum, a. to lay 
 waste ; to ravage ; from 
 
 Vastus, a, um, adj. wide ; vast ; 
 great. 
 
 Vates, is, m. a poet; a bard. 
 
 Ve, conj. (enclitic, § 198, R. 2,) 
 or. 
 
 Vecordia, ae, £ madness ; folly. 
 
 Vectus, a, um, part, (veho.) 
 
 Vehemens, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
 vehement ; immoderate. 
 
 Vehementer, adv. (ius, issime,) 
 vehemently ; greatly ; very ; 
 much; violently. 
 
 Veho, vehere, vexi, vectum, a. 
 to bear ; to carry ; to convey. 
 
 Veiens, tis, & Veientanus, i, m. 
 an inhabitant of Veii. 
 
 Veii, orum, m. pi. a city of Tus- 
 cany, memorable for the defeat 
 of the Fabian family . 
 
 Vel, conj. § 198, 2 ; or ; also 
 
VELLO VESPERI. 
 
 263 
 
 even : vel lecta, even when 
 
 read : vel — vel, eitJier — or, 
 Velio, vellere, velli or vulsi, vul- 
 
 sum, a. to pluck, 
 Melius, eris, n. a fleece, 
 Velox, ocis, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
 
 swift; rapid; active. 
 Velum, i, n. a sail, 
 Velut, & Veluti, adv. (vel & ut,) 
 
 as ; as if. 
 Venalis, e, adj. venal ; mercena- 
 ry. 
 Venans, tis, part, (venor.) 
 Venaticus, a, um, adj. belonging 
 
 to the chase : canis, a hound. 
 Venator, oris, m. (venor,) ahunts- 
 
 man, 
 Vendlto, are, avi, atum, freq. to 
 
 sell; from 
 Vendo, vendere, vendldi, vendi- 
 
 tum, a. (venum & do,) to sell. 
 Venenatus, a, um, adj. poisoned; 
 
 poisonous; from 
 Venenum, i, n. poison. 
 Veneo, ire, ii, irr. n. § 142, 3 ; to 
 
 be exposed for sale ; to be 
 
 sold. 
 Venetus, i. m., or Brigantinus, a 
 
 lake between Germany and 
 
 Switzerland, called the Boden 
 
 sea, or lake of Constance. 
 Venio, venire, veni, ventum, n. 
 
 to come ; to advance. 
 Venor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
 
 hunt. 
 Venter, tris, m. the belly; the 
 
 stomach. 
 Ventus, i, m. a wind. 
 
 Venus, eris, f. the goddess of 
 love and beauty. 
 
 Ver, veris, n. the spring. 
 
 Verber, eris, n. a whip ; a rod; 
 a blow ; a stripe. 
 
 Verbero, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 strike. 
 
 Verbum, i, n. a word. 
 
 Vere, adv. (verus,) truly. 
 
 Vereor, eri, Itus sum, dep. to 
 fear ; to be concerned for. 
 
 Vergo, vergere, versi, n. to tend 
 to ; to incline ; to verge tow- 
 ards ; to bend; to look. 
 
 Verisimilis, e, adj. (verum & sim- 
 Ilis,) probable. 
 
 Veritus, a, um, part, (vereor.) 
 
 Vero, conj. § 279, 3, (verus,) but: 
 — adv. indeed ; truly. 
 
 Verona, sb, f. Verona, a citjj in 
 the north of Italy. 
 
 Versatus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Versor, ari, atus sum, dep. freq. 
 (verto,) to turn ; to revolve ; to 
 dwell ; to live ; to reside. 
 
 Versus, a, um, part, (vertor.) 
 
 Versus, prep, towards. 
 
 Vertex, Icis, m. the top ; the sum- 
 mit ; the crown of the head. 
 
 Verto, tere, ti, sum, a. to turn • 
 to change. 
 
 Veru, u, n. § 87 ; a spit. 
 
 Verum, conj. but ; but yet ; from 
 
 Verus, a, um, adj. true. 
 
 Vescor, i, dep. to live upon ; to 
 feed upon ; to eat ; to subsist 
 upon. 
 
 Vesperi, or -e, adv. at evening: 
 
264 
 
 VESTA VILLA. 
 
 tarn vesperi, so late at even- 
 ing. 
 
 Vesta, 83, f. a goddess, the mother 
 of Saturn. 
 
 Vestalis, is, f. (virgo,) a Vestal 
 virgin, a priestess consecrated 
 to the service of Vesta. 
 
 Vestibulum, i, n. the porch; the 
 vestibule. 
 
 Vestigium, i, n. a footstep ; a ves- 
 tige; a trace; a mark; a track. 
 
 Vestio, ire, ivi, itum, a. to clothe ; 
 from 
 
 Vestis, is, f. a garment ; clothes. 
 
 Vesulus, i, m. a high mountain 
 of IAguria, and a part of the 
 Cottian Alps. 
 
 Veteranus, a, um, adj. (vetus,) 
 old ; a veteran. 
 
 Veto, are, ui, itum, a. to forbid; 
 to prohibit. 
 
 Veturia, 83, f. the mother of Cori- 
 oldnus. 
 
 Veturius, i, m. (Titus,) a Roman 
 consul, who ivas defeated by 
 the Samnites at the Caudine 
 Forks. 
 
 Vetus, eris, adj. ancient; old: 
 veteres, the ancients. 
 
 Vetustas, atis, f. antiquity ; age. 
 
 Vetustus, a, um, adj. old; an- 
 cient. 
 
 Vexi. See Veho. 
 
 Via, ae, f. a way ; a course ; a 
 path; a journey. 
 
 Viator, oris, m. a traveller. 
 
 Viceni, 83, a, num. adj. pi. every 
 twenty; twenty. 
 
 Vicesimus, a, um, num. adj. the 
 twentieth. 
 
 Vici. See Vinco. 
 
 Vicies, num. adv. twenty times. 
 
 Vicinltas, atis, f. the neighbor- 
 hood ; vicinity ; from 
 
 Vicinus, a, um, adj. near ; neigh- 
 boring. 
 
 Vicinus, i, m. a neighbor. 
 
 Vicis, gen. f. § 94 ; change ; re- 
 verse ; a place ; a turn : in 
 vie em, in turn ; in place of; 
 instead. 
 
 Victlma, 33, f. a victim ; a sacri- 
 fice. 
 
 Victor, oris, m. (vinco,) a victor; 
 a conqueror : — adj. victorious. 
 
 Victoria, 83, f. a victory. 
 
 Victurus, a, um, part, (from vivo.) 
 
 Victus, a, um, part, (vinco.) 
 
 Vicus, i, m. a village. 
 
 Video, videre, vidi, visum, a. to 
 see ; to behold. 
 
 Videor, videri, visus sum, pass. 
 to be seen; to seem; to ap- 
 pear. 
 
 Viduus, a, um, adj. bereaved; 
 widowed : mulier vidua, a 
 widow. 
 
 Vigil, ilis, m. a watchman. 
 
 Vigilans, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
 watchful ; vigilant. 
 
 Vigilia, 83, f. a watching : — pi. 
 the watch. 
 
 Viginti, num. adj. pi. ind. twenty. 
 
 Vilis, e, adj. vile ; bad ; mean. 
 
 Villa, 83, f. a country-house ; a 
 country-seat ; a villa. 
 
VILLICUS VIVIDUS. 
 
 265 
 
 Villicus, i, m. an overseer of an 
 estate ; a steward. 
 
 Villus, i, m. long hair; coarse 
 hair. 
 
 Vincio, vincire, vinxi, vinctum, 
 a. to bind. 
 
 Vinco, vincere, vici, victum, a. 
 to conquer; to vanquish; to 
 surpass. 
 
 Vinctus, a, um, part (vincio.) 
 
 Vinculum, i, n. a chain : in vin- 
 cula conjicere, to throw into 
 prison. 
 
 Vindex, Icis, c. an avenger; a 
 protector ; a defender ; an as- 
 serter ; from 
 
 Vindico, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 claim; to avenge. 
 
 Vindicta, se, f. vengeance; pun- 
 ishment. 
 
 Vinum, i, n. wine. 
 
 Viola, se, f. a violet. 
 
 Violo, are, avi, atum, a. to vio- 
 late ; to pollute ; to corrupt. 
 
 Vir, viri, m. a man. 
 
 Vireo, ere, ui, n. to be green ; to 
 be verdant ; to flourish. 
 
 Vires. See Vis. 
 
 Virga, se, f. a rod ; a small staff; 
 a switch. 
 
 Virgilius, i, m. Virgil, a very 
 celebrated Latin poet. 
 
 Virginia, se, f. the daughter of 
 Virginius. 
 
 Virginius, i, m. the name of a dis- 
 tinguished Roman centurion. 
 
 Virgo, inis, f. a virgin ; a girl ; 
 a maid. 
 
 Virgula, se, f. (dim. from virga,) 
 a small rod. 
 
 Viriathus, i, m. a Imsitanian 
 general, who was originally a 
 shepherd, and afterwards a 
 leader of robbers. 
 
 Viridomarus, i, m. a king of the 
 Gauls, slain by Marcellus. 
 
 Virtus, utis, f. (vir,) virtue ; merit; 
 excellence ; power ; valor ; 
 faculty. 
 
 Vis, vis, f. § 85 ; power ; strength ; 
 force : vis hominum, a multi- 
 tude of men : vim facere, to do 
 violence : — pi. vires, ium, pow- 
 er ; strength. 
 
 Viscus, eris, n. an entrail : visce- 
 ra, pi. the bowels ; the flesh. 
 
 Vistula, se, f. a river of Prussia, 
 which still bears the same name, 
 and which was anciently the 
 eastern boundary of Germany. 
 
 Visurgis, is, m. the Weser, a large 
 river of Germany. 
 
 Visus, a, um, part, (video.) 
 
 Vis us, us, m. the sight. 
 
 Vita, se, f. life. 
 
 Vitandus, a, um, part (vito.) 
 
 Vitifer, era, erum, adj. (vitis & 
 fero,) vine-bearing. 
 
 Vitis, is, f. a vine. 
 
 Vitium, i, n. a crime. 
 
 Vito, are, avi, atum, a. to shun; 
 to avoid. 
 
 Vitupero, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 find fault with ; to blame. 
 
 Vividus, a, um, adj. lively; vivid; 
 from 
 
266 
 
 VIVO ZONE. 
 
 Vivo, vivere, vixi, victum, n. to 
 live; to fare; to live upon. 
 
 Vivus, a, um, adj. living ; alive. 
 
 Vix, adv. scarcely. 
 
 Vixi. See Vivo. 
 
 Voco, are, avi, atum, a. (vox,) to 
 call ; to invite ; to name. 
 
 Volo, are, avi, atum, n. to fly. 
 
 Volo, velle, volui, irr. a. § 178, 1 ; 
 to wish ; to desire ; to be will- 
 ing. 
 
 Volsci, or ;m, m. pi. a people of 
 Latium 
 
 Volucer, -t ris, -ere, adj. winged : 
 — subs, a bird. 
 
 Volumnia, se, f. the wife ofCorio- 
 lanus. 
 
 Voluntas, atis, f. (volo,) the will. 
 
 Voluptas, atis, f. (volupe,) pleas- 
 ure ; sensual pleasure. 
 
 Volutatus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Vo T ato, are, avi, atum, a. freq. 
 ; volvo,) to roll. 
 
 Va vo, vere, vi, utum, a. to roll ; 
 to turn. 
 
 Votum, i, n (voveo,) a wish; a 
 vow. 
 
 Vox, vocis, f. a voice; a word; 
 an expression; an exclama- 
 tion. 
 
 Vulcanus, i, m. Vulcan, the god 
 of fire, the son of Jupiter and 
 Juno. 
 
 Vulgus, i, m. or n. the common 
 people ; the populace ; the vul- 
 gar. 
 
 Vulneratus, a, um, part, from 
 
 Vulnero, are, avi, atum, a. to 
 
 wound; from 
 Vulnus, eris, n. a wound. 
 Vulpecula, ae, f. dim. (vulpes,^ 
 
 a little fox. 
 Vulpes, is, f. a fox. 
 Vultur, uris, m. a vulture. 
 Vultus, us, m. the countenance; 
 
 the look. 
 
 X. 
 
 Xanthippe, es, f. the wife qf 
 
 Socrates. 
 Xanthippus, i, m. a Lacedcemo- 
 
 nian general, who was sent to 
 
 assist the Carthaginians, in 
 
 the first Punic war. 
 Xenocrates, is, m. a philosopher 
 
 of Chalcedon, the successor of 
 
 Speusippus in the Academia. 
 Xerxes, is, m. a celebrated king 
 
 of Persia. 
 
 Z. 
 
 Zama, ae, f. a city of Africa. 
 
 Zeno, onis, m. a philosopher of 
 Citium, a town of Cyprus, 
 and founder of the sect of the 
 Stoics. 
 
 Zetes, is, m. a son of Boreas. 
 
 Zona, 83, f. a girdle ; a zone. 
 
 Zone, es, f. a city and promon- 
 tory in the western part of 
 Thrace, opposite to the island 
 ofThasus. 
 
NOTES AND REFERENCES 
 
 FIRST LATIN BOOK 
 
 By means of the following Notes, the Reader can be used in connection with 
 Andrews' First Latin Book. The same letters which originally, by means of notes 
 at the foot of the page, referred to the sections of Andrews and Stoddard's 
 Grammar, may now be taken as referring also to these Notes, and through these 
 to the First Latin Book. 
 
 In preparing these Notes, while regard has constantly been had to the editor's 
 former mode of commenting simply by reference to the Grammar, occasional 
 explanations have been added, for the sake of the younger classes. In some 
 instances, when special reasons seemed to render it expedient, the reference to 
 the First Latin Book relates to a different principle from the corresponding one te 
 the Grammar, and sometimes, though rarely, a reference to the Grammar is here 
 left with no corresponding note. In addition, however, to the original notes, 
 numerous references will be found in the following pages, to principles con- 
 tained in the First Latin Book ; and as in such cases the text contains no letter of 
 reference, the word or phrase to be explained is cited in the notes. 
 
 What is the rule for the agreement of a verb 1 Less. 90, 2. page 
 What is a sentence ? L. 83, 1. Of what does a simple 7* 
 sentence or proposition consist 7 L. 83, 3. What is the subject 
 of a sentence 1 L. 83, 4. What is the predicate ? L. 83, 5. 
 The grammatical subject ? L. 84, 2. The grammatical predi- 
 cate *? L. 84, 3. How many moods have Latin verbs 7 L. 47, 1. 
 How do the several moods represent an action 1 L. 47, 2. 
 What is an active verb ? L. 46, 3. What are the terminations 
 of the active voice, indicative mood, present tense, in each 
 conjugation 1 L. 52. * L. 5, 1 ; and L. 17, 2. J L. 5, 1 ; and 
 L. 9, 1 ; and L. 10, 1. When are the nominatives ego, tu } nc$. 
 
 23 
 
268 NOTES. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 and vos omitted 1 L. 51, R. 4. * L. 15, 1 and 2. d L. 5, II. 
 
 arbor, L. 12, 1, and L. B., or. 
 
 8. « L. 5, I. ; and L. 12, 2. & L. 12, 1 and 2. c L. 9, 1 ; andL. 11. 
 d L. 7, 3 ; and L. 25 ; and L. 26, Exc. 1. sol, L. F. • L. 18, 2 and 
 4. / L. 15, 1 j and L. 17, 1 \ and N. e L. 5, N. 3. h L. 15, 1, 2, 
 and 3. How does the imperfect tense represent an action ? L. 
 47, 7. What are the terminations of the active voice, indicative 
 mood, imperfect tense, in each conjugation ? L. 52, p. 75. i L. 
 62, 2. ;' L. 8. How does the future tense represent an action ? 
 L. 47, 8. What are the terminations of the active voice, indi- 
 cative mood, future tense, in each conjugation ? L. 52, p. 75. 
 Dens, L. 9, Ex. 4. * L. 12, 1 ; and L. 15, 2. i L. 12, 2, 3, and 
 L. B. or. How does the perfect tense represent an action 7 ? L. 
 47, 9. What are the terminations of the active voice, indicative 
 mood, perfect tense ? L. 54. * See Ref. *, above, and L. 63. 
 *» L. 48, 6 ; and L. 49. s See Ref. s } above. How does the 
 pluperfect tense represent an action ? L. 47, 10. What are the 
 terminations of the active voice, indicative mood, pluperfect 
 tense ? L. 54, p. 78. How does the future perfect tense represent 
 an action? L. 47, 11. What are the terminations of the active 
 voice, indicative mood, future perfect tense ? L. 54, p. 78. 
 
 9. How do the several moods represent an action ? L. 47, 2. 
 What are the terminations of the active voice, subjunctive 
 mood, present tense, in each conjugation? L. 56. How is the 
 subjunctive used in independent sentences ? L. 57, 2. — Note. The 
 first six sentences in the subj. pres. are to be taken independently. 
 The first and fifth can be translated as hortatory, by let; the re- 
 mainder as denoting wishes or requests, by may ; as, " may for- 
 tune favor." a Li. F. What are the terminations of the active 
 voice, subjunctive mood, imperfect tense, in each conjugation? 
 L. 56, p. 80. b L. 77. « L. 5, II. What are the terminations 
 of the active voice, subjunctive mood, perfect tense 1 L. 58. d L. 
 9, 1 and 2. What are the terminations of the active voice, 
 subjunctive mood, pluperfect tense? L. 58. e L. 64. / L. 76. 
 How do the several moods represent an action ? L. 47, 2. s L. 
 126, 1. Define the passive voice. L. 46, 9. What is frequently 
 omitted, or left indefinite, w r ith the active voice ? With the 
 passive voice ? L. 46, N. 4. What are the terminations of 
 the passive voice, indicative mood, present tense, in each conju- 
 gation ? L. 66. 
 
NOTES. 269 
 
 PAGE 
 
 « L. 15, 1 ; and L. 17, 2. b L. 12, 1 ; and L. 13. e L. 8, 1 and lO. 
 
 2. d L. 18, 2 and 3 ; L. 23, II., and R. 2. What are the termi- 
 nations of the passive voice, indicative mood, imperfect tense, in 
 each conjugation ^ L. 66. e L. 9, 1 ; and L. 11. What are ttie 
 terminations of the passive voice, indicative mood, future tense, 
 in each conjugation'? L. 66. / L. 26, 1 and 3. What are the 
 terminations of the passive voice, indicative mood, perfect tense'? 
 — pluperfect tense 1 — future-perfect tense % L. 68. What are the 
 terminations of the passive voice, subjunctive mood, present 
 tense i — imperfect tense 1 L. 70 — perfect tense % — pluperfect 
 tense 1 L. 72. What are the terminations of the passive voice, 
 imperative mood, in each conjugation 1 L. 74. e L. 126, 1. 
 fcL. 13, and L. C, o. 
 
 What is the rule for the predicate-nominative % L. 92, 1. *L11» 
 B, os, and L. C, os. b L. 79. « L. 5, 1, and N. 1. * L. 15, 1 ; and 
 16, 1. e L. 5, N. 3; and L. 17, 2. What is the rule for the 
 agreement of adjectives 1 L. 91, 1. What is the logical subject 
 of a proposition ? L. 85, 1 — the logical predicate 1 L. 85, 1. /L. 
 37; and L. 28, 2 ; and L. 17, 2. s L. 15, 1 ; and L. 17, 1, and N. 
 h Nom. plur. neut. Vetera; Gen. plur. veterum, L. 37, Exc. p. 57. 
 i L. 29, N. 2. i L. 32, 1. & How is this adjective used 1 L. 91, 
 N. 1. 
 
 *L. 90, 3. b L. 91,2. <L. 40, 3. d L. 121, 6, (6.) ^L. 88, 1,12. 
 and R. 2. / L. 14, 1 and 2. s L. 18, 2 ; L. 20, 2. a Is this noun 
 the subject of the sentence, or is it the predicate'? L. 83, 4 and 5. 
 i L. 91, 4. J* Bipedes, " two footed," i. e., on "two feet." It is 
 a predicate adjective following the verb of motion ingrediuntur, 
 L. 92, 2, and R. 1, (a.) * L. 90, N. 2. i L. 32, 1, and R. 3. 
 ™ L. 82, 3-5 : What do these adverbs modify % What is the rule 
 for the object of an active verb in the active voice % L. 96, 1. 
 9 L. 27, and Exc. »L 9, 1 ; and L. 11, 1. p L. 81, 2, 3 and 4. 
 * L. F, Exes, in gender and in declension — us. T See preceding 
 note. • L. G, I., 2. * L. 12, 1, and R. *L. B, or. • L. C, ex. 
 » L. 45, R. 2. 
 
 a L. C, es. b What is omitted before vinum and litter as ? c L. 13# 
 32, 1. dL. 45, R. 2. « L. 88, 1, and R. 1. / iVwi, and other 
 tenses of nosco, derived from the 2d root, are used like the same 
 tenses of odi and mernlni ; L. 81,4. e L. 18, 2 and 3. h L. 9. i L. 
 15, 1 ; and L. 17, 2. j L. J, 9. What is the rule for nouns in 
 apposition 1 L. 89, 1. & L. 40, 3. i L. 39, 6, and N. 2. m L. 116, 
 4. »L. 18, 2j L. 20, 2. °L 109. p L. 116, 5. ?L 5, II. 
 
270 NOTES. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 'L. 15, 1, and L. 17. 1, and N. * L. 118, 2. 'L. 117, N. 1. 
 
 « L. 35. * L. 24, 8. What is the rule for the genitive after 
 nouns'? L. 100. *>L. 92. 
 
 14. Infinita, L. 92, 2. a L. 15, 1 and 5. Antiquissimus, Li. 39, N.2. 
 & L. 90, R. 2. * iV<m benignus, " a not kind," i. e., " an unkind." 
 
 L. 92. * What verb is here omitted 1 L. 90, N. 3. What is 
 the rule for the genitive after adjectives 7 L. 104 — after parti- 
 tives ? L. 103. / L. 126, 2. g L. 18, 2 and 4. a L. 24, 6. * Su- 
 perlatives followed by a partitive genitive are used like nouns, 
 agreeing in gender and number, though not in case, with the 
 genitives following them ; as stultissima animalium, i. e., stultis- 
 sima animalia. What is the rule for the dative after adjectives 
 and verbs 1 L. 109. J L. 96, 1. * L. 45, 2. 
 
 15. «L. 88, 2. &L. 9, I; and L. 11. * l. 32, 1. dL. 15,1; and 
 L. 13. • L. 90, R. 2. / L. 97, 1. g L. 40, 2. * L. 113 and N. 
 i L. 21, summa, L. 40, 3 and 39, N. 2. 3 L. 39, 6. * L. 99. i L. 
 114. m See ne quidem, in Diet., under ne. » L. 91, N. 1. 
 What is a preposition ? L. 82, 7 — the rule for the accusative 
 after prepositions % L. 97, 1. ° L. 91, 4. p L. 12, 1, and L. 14, 4. 
 To find the nom. sing, of culices make use of L. 22, I., of R. 3, 
 and R. 2. v L. 91, 5. T L. 10, R. 2. Mitis is sometimes followed 
 by a dative ; here it takes erga with the accusative. L. 109, R. 5. 
 
 16. <* L. 97, 3. 6 L. 22, L, R. 1. < L. 47, N. 2 ; and L. 96, N. 2. 
 What is the rule for in and sw£ ? L. 97, 3. <*L. 88, 2. « L. 15, 
 1 ; and L. 16, 2. / L. 75, 2. e L. 82, (1.) a L. 8, 5. « L. 126, 
 2: and L. 57, 2. What is the rule for the ablative after prepo- 
 sitions 1 L. 99. JL,. 117, N. 1. h L. 32, 1 and 3. 
 
 IT. a L. 144, N. & L. 12, 1. * L. 117, N. 2. « Primus is trans- 
 lated as if it were primum limiting duxit, " first led." L. 
 91, 9. / Esse, " exist," L. 95, N. 5. * L. 17, 1, and N. h Possum 
 is sometimes followed by the accusative of a neuter adjective or 
 pronoun, nihil, &c, where in English we supply do or the like ; 
 as, nihil potest, " can do nothing." Dulce, L. 91, 7. *L. 95, 4. 
 What is the rule for nouns denoting the cause, manner, &c. 1 L. 
 117, 1 — for utor, &c. ? — for verbs signifying to rejoice, glory or 
 confide in, &c. ? L. 116, 4 — for verbs which in English are fol- 
 lowed by with? L. 117, 2 — for verbs signifying to abound, &c. ? 
 L- 117, 3— for the ablative of price and time? L. 118, 1 and 2— 
 for a genitive or ablative of property, character or quality ? L. 
 It.. JL. 110, 1. *L. 89. i L. 12, 1; and L. 22, I., and R. 1. 
 *» L. B, er. 
 
NOTES. 271 
 
 PAGE 
 
 «L. 39, N. 2. bh. 5,11. cL. 9. <*L. 44, N. « L. 7, 3; and 18. 
 
 L. 25, 1. / L. 12. 1. Prioribus, sc. pedibus, " their fore feet." ff L. 
 79, N. a Sing. foews, m. ; plur. commonly Z<?c#, %. iL. 103, 1. 
 &JL 101. Upon what may the infinitive depend 1 L. 95, 5. 
 After what classes of verbs is the infinitive used without a sub- 
 ject 1 L. 95, N. 5. After what classes of verbs does the infini- 
 tive with a subject accusative follow ? L. 95, N. 4. 
 
 What is the object of cupio ? L. 95, 5 ; and L. 96, R. 2. « L. 19. 
 18, 2 and 3 : to find the nom. sing., see L. 23, II., and R. 2. b L. 
 76. • L. J, 5. Tiberim, L. G, I., 1. d L. 47, N. 2. • L. 99, R. 2. 
 /L. 126, 2. ffL. 92, 2. a L. 81, Exc. < L. 111. ;L. 117, 1. 
 What is the rule for the infinitive as a subject *? L. 95, 4. * L. 
 90, 5. * L. 91, 7. 
 
 a L. 109. With what does turpius agree ? b Suos being used SO. 
 without reference to a definite person, is to be translated " one's." 
 What are gerunds'? L. 47, 17. By what cases are gerunds fol- 
 lowed ? L. 123, 2. How are gerunds governed 1 L. 123, 3. 
 What rule is to be given for the genitive of gerunds ? L. 100. 
 ^L. 117, 1. rfL. 17, 2: to find the nom. sing, see L. 22, I., and 
 R. 2. e A predicate adjective. / L. 117, 1. Nova. L. 91, 5. ^L. 
 109, and L. 91, 4, " to one ignorant of reading." h From ineo. 
 i Instead of urbem delendi, cives trucidandi, nomen Romdnum ex- 
 stinguendi. L. 123, 4. What is the rule for the dative of gerunds 
 and gerundives 1 L. 109. iL. 47, N. 2. * Et—et, see etm Diet. 
 What is the rule for the accusative of gerunds and gerundives 1 
 L. 97. Ad discendum. L. 123, 5. 
 
 a For what is cedificandam used % L. 123, 4. What is the rule 21. 
 for the ablative of gerunds and gerundives 1 Answer. Either L. 
 99, or L. 117, 1, according as a preposition is or is not expressed. 
 b This adverb modifies the gerund on account of the gerund hav- 
 ing the nature of a verb. L. 88 : see also L. 123, 1. Lacedcemonii, 
 drum, subst. m., the Lacedemonians, e " Were accustomed to 
 exercise." L. 47, N. 2. What is a compound sentence ? L. 93, 
 1. How may the members of a compound sentence be con- 
 nected'? L. 93, 8. What is the rule for copulative and disjunc- 
 tive conjunctions? L. 88, II. d L. 92, 1. *L. 82, 8, (4.) What 
 is the object of accipere? L. 96, 1. /What is the subject of 
 prcestat? L. 95, 4 ; and L. 81, 8 and 9. 
 
 a A conjunction placed before each of two or more connected 22. 
 words, gives peculiar emphasis to each. & L. 15, 1 ; and L. 17, 
 R. What is the root of nox? How is the nom. sing, formed*? 
 23* 
 
272 NOTES. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 In translating nox erat, supply it before the verb, and let the noun 
 follow the verb, " it was night." L. 22, I., R. 1 and 2. *L. 90, 3. 
 dTo what class of conjunctions does this belong? L. 82, (3.) 
 e L. 131, N. / L. 109, R. 2 : the dative after a verb is often thus 
 used in Latin, where the English idiom requires a possessive 
 case or a possessive adjective pronoun; as, mihi in mentem 
 revoeo, " I recall to my mind." s On what verb does the depend- 
 ent clause crocodilum crescere depend ? L. 95, N. 4. Why is cro- 
 codilian in the accusative ? L. 95, 3. "What is to be supplied in 
 English before the subject of the infinitive'? L. 95, N. 1. ftL. 
 128, II. i L. 95, 1. Autem, enim and vero occupy the second 
 or third place in their clause, u L. 98. i What are the two con- 
 structions which may follow the comparative degree 1 Ans. A 
 dependent clause connected by quam, or an ablative. When is 
 the comparative degree followed by an ablative'? L. 119, 1. 
 When quam is expressed, what case follows if? L. 119, 2. 
 m What words are to be supplied ? n What is the positive of 
 this adjective 1 — its root ? How are the comparative and super- 
 lative formed'? L. 39, 6. 
 
 23. a L. 36, 2. b What is to be supplied before this genitive 1 * In 
 what case is feres, and why ? L. 109. Why is komini in the 
 dative ? d L. 1 and 9. e What is the rule for the construction 
 of relatives ? L. 94, 2. / L. 78. s L. 15, 1 ; L. 17, 2; and L. 22, 
 Land 2. k L. 18, 2. iL. 117, 1. jL. 116,4. * Is, though often 
 following qui, is commonly to be translated before it : bona^ 
 "good things;" mala, "evil things." L. 91, 5. i L. 79. m L. 
 104, and R 1. » L. F, us. o L. 133, 1. 
 
 24. What mood follows cum? L. 132, 2. How is the subjunc- 
 tive after adverbs of time to be translated? L. 132, R. 1. « L. 
 117, 2. c l. 116, 4. d L. 15, 1 and 2. « See Ref. e, p. 17. / L. 
 117, 1. s L. 81, 6-12. ^L. 89, 1. For what purpose is rex Ma- 
 cedonice added? L. 89, R. iL 110. What is the rule for the 
 mood in a clause denoting a purpose, object or result ? L. 133, 1. 
 3 L. 134, 3. k L. 5, IL, and L, 97, 3. i Give the rules for forming 
 its nom. sing. L. 22, I., and R. 1 and 3. » Rule for its nom. 
 sing. n Ne-quidem, " not even," see Diet. ° L. H, 1. p L. 97, 4. 
 ? Dico, duco and facto, like fero, p. 104, commonly lose e in the 
 2nd pers. sing, of the imperative active, and become die, duc,fac. 
 L. 129, p. 171. r L. 106, 1. « L. 109. « L. 128, I. 
 
 25m a " Him" i. e., Alexander. & The subj. imperfect after the per- 
 fect indefinite, L. 135, 2. <L. 116, 4. dL. 34, and L. 2, 5, (£). 
 
NOTES. 273 
 
 PACK 
 
 • L. 135, 1. / L. 88, I., R. 1. e L. 133, 1 and 6. k L. 123, 3 ; and 
 L. 117, 1. »L 135, 1. J L. 108,2, and R. 1. * L. 95, N. 6. i L. 
 135. 2. In what mood is the verb of an indirect question % L.129, 1. 
 When is a question indirect 1 L. 129, N. How is the subjunc- 
 tive in indirect questions translated'? L. 129, 2. m L. 36, 3. 
 What is to be supplied 1 n Its subjects are the preceding clauses, 
 L. 90, 5, and L. 91, 7. What is the rule for the infinitive with the 
 accusative 1 L. 95,3. What word is to be supplied in English 
 before the subject of the infinitive 1 L. 95, N. 1. ° L. 117, N. 1. 
 
 «L. 117, N. 1. b Supply esse, which is often omitted in the 26. 
 compound forms of the infinitive. « L. 95, 3. d L. 90, 5, and L. 
 91, 7. e L. 97. 1. / What preceding thing does the pronoun id 
 here indicate 1 See L. 41, 1. *L. 8. 5. What is the rule for 
 the agreement of participles % L. 91, 1. By what cases are they 
 followed'* L. 121, 9. What is said of the time denoted by the 
 present, perfect, and future active participles'? L. 121, N. 3. 
 *L. 117, 1. iL. 96,2. 
 
 • See Ref. e, p. 17. b L. 108, 1. « A Greek accusative, L. G. 27. 
 IL, 1 ; see also L. D, is. d L. 98. e L. Ill, and N. 1. / L. 121, 
 9, and L. 96, N. 2. sh. 89, R., " when a boy." &L. 117, 1. »On 
 what does this infinitive depend 1 iL. 91, 4. * L. 110, 1 ; and L. 
 91,4. i L. 116, 4. Congregantur ; the passive voice is here 
 used like what is called in Greek the middle voice, or like the 
 active voice with se. m "In that," or, "in the thing," L. 91,5. 
 « What does this adverb modify ? ° 105, 1. p L, 108, R. 2. 
 
 Satidti, L. 122, 2. <*L. 110. 6 97, 4. * Transituri, "when 28. 
 about to pass over," L. 121, 4 ; and L. 122, 2 — lauddtus, "when 
 praised." L. 121, 5; and L. 122,2. c*L. 117, N. 1. « " Upon 
 those which go before (them)," L. 122, 3 ; and L. 111. / L. H, 1. 
 s L. 116, 5. h L. 92 — Bucepkalo7i, a Greek noun, L. 11, 2 and 3; 
 also L. 92, 1, and L. 121, 9. iL. Ill, N. 2—heres, L. 92, 1, and 
 L. 121, 9. J L. 109, R. 1. * L. 133, 1. i L. 88, 2. 
 
 «L. 108, R. 1. &L. 111. cL. 101. dL. 123, and L. 109. e L. 29, 
 133, 1, and L. 134, 1 and 3. / L. 123, 4 and 5. * L. 113, and N. 
 h L. 91, 4. What is the rule for the ablative absolute ? L. 120. 
 Senescente Lund, L. 120, N. 2 : the same note is applicable to the 
 other ablatives marked (*). i L. 97, 3. J L. 108, 2. * L. 103, N. 
 •2. -*L. 120, R. 1. «L 108, 1. 
 
 Aculeo amisso, L. 120, N. 3. * L. 117, 1. Convolvuntur, in a 30. 
 middle or reflexive sense, for se convolvunt. See note on congre- 
 gantur, p. 27. b L. 45, 4. c l. 133, 1, and N. 1. 
 
274 NOTES. 
 
 mux 
 
 FABLES. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 31. a Metu, " through fear," or, " influenced by fear." L. 117, 1 ; L. 
 133, 1 and 2. b L. 97, 3. * L. 118, 2. d L. 128, R. « L. 91, 4. 
 /L. 95, 3. ^L. 121, 6 (A). *L. 95, N. 4. « L. 117, I. J Exo- 
 rdvit here takes an ace, of the person and a subj. clause with ut, 
 denoting the thing, L. 96,3, and N. 6. * L. 120, " That having 
 gnawed the nets, he would set him at liberty ;" or, il that he 
 would gnaw the nets and set him at liberty," L. 120, N. 3; or, 
 " to gnaw the nets and," &c, L. 133, 2. Liberdtus. L. 121, 5, (a). 
 i L. 88, 2. m What is the object of this verb 1 L. 96, R. 2. » L. 
 95, N. 5. o L. 129, 1 and 2. p L. 112, 1. ? L. 122, 3. 
 
 32. « L. 109. & L. 127, R. * L. 90, R. 2. d L. 90, R. 2. • L. 45, 
 R. 2. / L. 94, 1 and 2. * L. 91, 4. a L. 133, 1 and 2. s L. 91, 
 5. j L. 88, 2. * L. 88, I., R. 2. i L. 47, N. 2. » L. 89, 1. » L. 
 128, 1. ° Autem, enim and ^m? commonly occupy the second 
 place in a clause. JEfrma is in the ace, the subject of conferri, 
 L. 95, 3. p The subject of oportuit is, omnia bona in unum con- 
 ferri, L. 95, 4 : see also L. 81, 6, 8, and 9. * L. 97, 3. r L. 120, and 
 N. 2. In translating a participle, its time must conform to that 
 of the verb with which it is connected ; as, adveniente domino 
 grues avolant, " when the owner comes, the cranes ^% off;" adve- 
 niente domino grues avoldbant, " when the owner came, the cranes 
 flew off," &c. « L. 117, 1. * L. 47, N. 2. 
 
 33. a L. 121, 9. Relinquis, L. 50, R. 4 and 5. & L. 113. * L. 91, 5. 
 For the case of tutis, see L. 111. d Dulcia tutis prceponere is the 
 subject of est, e L. 82, (4), and L. 50, R. 3. / The adverb is 
 often separated from the word which it modifies by the oblique 
 case of a noun modifying the same word, s L. 117, 1. h L. 50, 
 R. 4. i L. 116, 4. i L. 111. * i L. 107, 2, and N. m « Was ac- 
 customed to lie," or, " kept lying," L. 47, N.2. * L. 24, 3. ° L. 
 117, 1. * L. 103, 1, and L. I, 6. ? L. 42, 1. * L. 116, 4. • L. 
 133, 1, and 134, 1. * The subjunctive denoting a result after 
 quern, L. 133, 1, and L. 134, 2 and 3. «L. 111. «L. 132, 2. 
 « L. 134, 3. 
 
 34:. «L 117, 1. & L. 121, 9. c Quidem follows an emphatic 
 word, d L. 88, I., 1. e L. 110, 4. / L. 79, N. * L. 97, 4. a L. 
 47, N. 2. i L. 29, N. 2. J L. 9, Exc. 3. * L. 126, 3. i L. 110, 1. 
 ^L. 47, 11. *L. 95, 3. ° L. 88, 2. ?L. 95, N. 4. ? L. 40, 3. 
 •■ When a noun is limited by another noun and by an adjective, 
 
NOTES. 275 
 
 PAGE 
 
 he adjective usually stands first. * L. 120. « L. 117, N. 1. 
 
 * L. 103, 3. • L. 129, 1 and 2. « L. 117, 2 * L. 131, 1. v L. 
 U9, N. 3. 
 
 «L. 91, 4. 6L 117, 1. C L. 95, 5. ^L. 95, N. 4. « Supply t<*36. 
 )efore quod, " that which," or " what." / L. 111. s " Had seen 
 it first," the comparative is used when only two are spoken of. 
 L. 39, 4. ili 128, II., 1 and N. *L. 82, 7, (1.) *L 116, 4. 
 '• Peto has various constructions, it is here construed with the ace. 
 Df the thing and the abl. of the person with a ; see L. 96, 3, and 
 N". 6. m L. 98. n " Not even our bodies ;" see note ( c ), p. 34. ° L. 
 110, 1. p L. 131, 1, and (a.) 
 
 Spectdtur has for its subject the clause, quid fiat. L. 90, 5. a L. 36. 
 129, 1 and 2. 6 L. 120, and N. 3. * L. 94, N. 2. *L. 132, 2. 
 ' L. 131, 1, and (a) and (£.) /" These fellows." L. 42, N. 2. 
 
 * L. 103, 1. h See note («), p. 32. « Epulor takes either the #cc. or 
 he <zM. L. 116, 5. jL. 133, 1 and 2. * L. 128, R. i L. 134, 3. 
 
 * L. 132. * L. 91, 5 ; and L. 95, 3. ° L. 95, N. 4. p L. 95, N. 
 5. 9 L. 117, N. 1. r L. 126, 3. s Neque, " and not," is properly 
 Doth an adverb and a conjunction. ' L. 127, R. " L. 123, 3 ; and 
 L. 100. *L. 91, 4. ™L. 121, 6, (b) ; and L. 95, N. 4. * JS?w, 
 /m, " those who," or " such as." y L. 123, 3 and 5. * L. 133, 1 ; 
 ■and L. 134, 1, 2 and 3. 
 
 & Reduce re depends on conatce. L. 95, N. 5. & L. 96, R. 2. 3T« 
 s 7?^r se, " between themselves," or " with each other." Face- 
 rent. L. 134, 1. d L. 120, and N. 2. « L. 95, 3, and N. 4. /L. 
 91, 4; and L. 111. * L. 96, R. 2. ff L. 131, 1. *& 95, N. 4. 
 The subject of fore is the clause following, beginning with ut. 
 i The distributives denote the number of eggs expected each day, 
 L. 38, 4. / L. 132, 2, and R. 1. i L. 91, N. 1. * L. 117, 1. Con- 
 vpicdta — discedens. Both these participles may be translated by 
 :he English present participle, but the Latin words mark the 
 .ime more accurately, as the past participle denotes an act prior 
 .0 that of the verb with which it is connected, L. 121, N. 3, 
 ■onspiedta, " having seen," or " after she had seen," L. 122, 1 and 
 5 ; while the present participle denotes an act coexistent with 
 hat of the verb in the clause — discedens, " departing," or " while 
 teparting," or " as she was departing." L. 122, 1, 2 and 5. m Nee 
 ■ and— not." * Repertas, " if found." L. 122, 2 and 6. This 
 participle supplies the place of a conditional clause, which would 
 aave been in the subjunctive, according to L. 131, 1. ° L. 131, 
 (a), p L. 95, 3. 
 
276 NOTES. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 38. « L. 128, II., 1, and N. 2. b L. 121, 6, (6.) « L. 109. d L. 129, 
 
 1. « L. 91, 5. / L. 110. s L. 111. a For that in this way, or 
 by this means, they, &c. % The verb of saying on which an in- 
 finitive with the accusative depends, is often implied in some 
 preceding verb. Here it is implied in placuit. $ " The inquiry 
 was made," its subject is the following clause. L. 81, 7, 8, 11 
 and 12. k L. 123, 3 ; and L. 97, 3. i L. 22. I., and R. 2. » L. 
 88, 2. » L. 95, 5. ° L. 133, 1 and 2. jp L. 116, 5. * L. 131, 1, 
 and N. «■ L. 92, 1. * L. 115. « What is the object of ignordre ? 
 L. 96, R. 2. *L. 95, N. 4. 
 
 39. » L. 97, 2. 6 L. 110. What is the subject of licet? L. 81, 8. 
 o L. 99, R. 2. d L. 133, 3. • L. 116, 4. / Sc. esse, e L. Ill, N. 
 
 2. ^ L. 115. i L. 97, 5. J L. 109, R. 1. * L. 106, 1. i L. 133, 
 1 ; and L. 134, 2. ™ L. 133, 1 and 2. » For what does this pro- 
 noun stand? L. 41, 1. ° L. 92, 1. ^The subject is g^d capwtf, 
 ^•c, for which the pronoun it is prefixed to the verb in English. 
 
 40. « L. 117, 1. b The ablative of place without in. L. 108, R. 2. 
 'L. 91, 6. <zL. 21. ^L. 111. / L. 129, 1 and 2. * L. 96, N. 5. 
 ftL. 133, 1; and L. 134, N. 1: see note (a), p. 41, jL. 132, 
 2. * L. 120, and N. 1 ; and L. 121, 7. i L. 117, N. 1 ; and L. 
 121, 9. m L. 99, R. 1. n " As to happen is usual or common," 
 i. e., " as often happens," L. 81, 8. ° L. 95, N. 4. * See L. 120, 
 N. 2. p L. 133, 1 and 2. ? What is the antecedent of quod ? L. 
 94, N. 2. 
 
 41. * L.96, 3, and N. 6. « L. 117, 4. f In English the order of 
 the subject- and predicate-nominatives in questions and ex- 
 clamations is reversed. &L. 129, 1. The question is denoted 
 by qudm. L. 125, 1. c The reflexive is used because it stands 
 for asinus, the subject of the leading clause. L. 127, IV. d L. 
 133, 1 and 2. "L. 128, II. 1. /L. Ill, N. I. s L. 115. h A 
 relative clause, containing a reason for something preceding, 
 takes a subjunctive, which is translated by the indicative or a 
 gerundive, " who was unwilling," " because I was unwilling," 
 or, "in being unwilling." i L. 117, 1. iL 95, 5. *What is 
 the antecedent of quo? i L. 101, R. 3. ** L. 104, R. 2. Prima 
 node, L. 91, 8. 
 
 43. « Sese, the same as se, L. 127, IV. b L. 133, 1 and 2. * " That 
 she," L. 95, 3, and N. ]. *L. 96, 1. • L. 109. /L. 119, 3. 
 s L. 96, 3, and N. 6. fc &£, " her," i. e., the .tortoise. « L. 133, 1 
 and 2. Arreptam, translate according to L. 122, 8. i L. 45, R. 
 2. * L. 117, 1. i L. 111. Se enim, L. 127, IV. Perdat, L. 133, 
 
NOTES. 277 
 
 PAGB 
 
 1, and N. 1. » L. 127, N. 1. Explere, L. 127, I. ° L. 131, 1, 
 and (a.) * L. 91, 5. s L. 47, 10. r L. 120. * L. 108, 2, and R. 
 
 « L. 98. & L. 103, 1 and 2. « j££— et, " both— and. 5 ' <*L. 99, 43. 
 
 2, « L. 121, 9. / L. 117, 4. * L. 133, 1 and 2. * L. 120. i L. 
 129, 1 and 2. ;*L. 107, 2. I L. 81, 6, pamztet, &c, have no sub- 
 ject expressed, and in general none can be supplied. m Supply 
 aliquem orhominem after acquiro. n L. 91, 4. p L. 103, 1. ? The 
 historical present, L. 47, N. 4, and L. 135, N. What is the 
 accusative of the thing after interrogate L. 96, N. 6. IT What is 
 to be supplied with proram ? r L*. 132, 2. * L. 49, R. 2. « L. 29, 
 N. 2. * MwZfo major, " much larger," L. 119, 3. « L. 119, 1. 
 
 * L. 88, 2, and R. 2. & L. 133, 1. * L. 81, 6, 8 and 9.— Vera 44, 
 memoras, literally, " you say true things," i.e., " what you say is 
 true," or more concisely, " that is true." « L. 109. — Audita voce, 
 " when I hear," L. 120, N. 2 and 3. d L. I. Gen. pi. 2. « L. 117, 
 1. /A predicate adjective, L. 92, 2. * L. 24, 7. & Q^'d ? " what !" 
 An accusative depending upon an active verb or preposition 
 understood, * Esse and fuisse in compound infinitives are often 
 understood. ; L. 129, 1 and 2. * Si moriendum sit, supply mihi; 
 L. 112, 2 and Rem. (a) and (c), "if 1 must die : " as moriendum 
 sit is impersonal, see also L. 81, 7 and 10, and N. i L. 119, 3. 
 *» Prceclarius agrees with the clause, meo cruore aspergi, &c, 
 which also is the subject of the impersonal verb erit, L. 91, 7, 
 and L. 81, 8 and 9. n Depending on prceclarius, L. 109. ° L. 95, 
 
 3, and N. 1. p L. 94, 2, and N. s L. 111. * l. 95, N. 4. • L. 
 131, * L. 49, R. 2. Adoritur, L. 47, N. 4. 
 
 & L. 24, 7. ' L. 131, 1 and (a), d L. 109. « See N. (*), p. 32. 45. 
 Arreptum devordvit, L. 122, 8. / L. 121, 6, (Z>.) ff L. 109. Ovis, 
 supply d, L. 88, II., R. 3. h L. 120. i " For itself," the reflexive 
 referring to Zafor; L. 45, R. 2. iL. 133, 1, and L. 134, 1 and 3. 
 k Is as the antecedent of qui, is usually placed after it. i Is sciat, 
 " let him know," L. 126, 2, and L. 57, 2. ™ L. 95, N. 4 ; see N. 
 (i) on p. 44. "L. 109. ° L. 134, N. 2; $w, "who," or, "what 
 one." p L. 117, N. 1. ? When the noun depending on a preposi- 
 tion is limited by a genitive or an adjective, the preposition com- 
 monly stands first. * ■ L. 134, 1 and 3. * L. 131. N. 
 
 a The historical perfect, L. 47, N. 3. & Daturus esset, " proposed 46, 
 to give," L. 128, II., 1; and L. 121, 4, (b.) <L. 118, 2. Quce 
 quum, " when they," L. 94, 5. d The perfect infinitive, connected 
 with a verb in a past tense, has the meaning of a pluperfect; 
 "had taken a wife," i. e., u was married," L. 95, 1. e h. 119, 1 
 
278 NOTES. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 / L. 115.— Nonne, L. 53, 4 ; and L. 125, 2 and 4, and N. 2. e L 
 81, 3 and 4. k L. 129, 1 and 2. * L. 47, 11. iL. 21. * Insteac 
 of refugiebant, L. 90, N. 1, (£). » L. 121, 4, (b). * L. 117, N. 1 
 Pmnituit, L. 107, 2. ° L. 117, 1. 
 
 4rT« ffi "To him," L. 109. b lis — ante oculos, literally, "for then 
 before the eyes," i. e., like ante eorum oculos, " before their eyes,' 
 L. 109, Rem. 2. c Poneret denotes the purpose for which he re 
 lated the fable, L. 133, 1 and 2. d The indirect quotation or oratii 
 obliqua depending on dixit, begins at lupos, L. 127, 3 and I. — St 
 esse impugnaturos, " that they, the wolves," L. 127, IV. The 
 agreement of the wolves constitutes a second oratioobllquawith.il 
 the first, depending on pactos esse, a verb of saying, L. 95, N . 
 4. — Dederentur, L. 131, 1. — Placuisse. The second oratio obliqua 
 ends with dederentur, and placuisse together with dilaniasse, like 
 pactos esse, depends on dixit, f L. 117, 4. s L. 88, 2. h L. 120.— 
 Oves pascens, Li. 122, 2, 3 and 5. — I/npos depends on the verb of 
 ssiymg Jlngens, L. 127, 3 and I. — Aggressos esse, "had attacked,' 
 L. 127, N. Z.—Fingens, L. 122, 1. i L. 121, 9. J See N. (™) or 
 p. 46. k L. 117, N. 2. i L. 110. ™ L. B, ex. * I^ere depends 
 on exisiimantes, L. 95, IN". 4. ° L. 122, 1, preces, L. B, ex. i' L 
 103, 1. r L. 117, 1. • L. 94, 3 and 5. « L. Ill, N. 2. 
 
 4:8. a Gh'atulor is sometimes construed with the dative of the person 
 and the accusative of the thing in respect to which the congratu- 
 lation is given, " to congratulate one upon," or, " on account of 
 something." b L. 128, II., 1. ^L 126, 2 and 3. d The English 
 order is, eos pullos quos. — Dominus, sc. mens, L. 91, 6. — Raptos. 
 "having seized," see L. 120, N. 3. « L. 121, 6, (a). /L. 123, 6. 
 e L. 90, 3; and L. 86, %—Illam, " it." h L. 95, N. 4.— Poneret. 
 L. 132, Rem. 1. — Correptum, translate according to L. 120, N. 3. 
 *L. 123, 3. — Astutior, sc. asino. iL 111. &L. 129, 1 and 2. 
 * L. 129, 3. i L. 95, N. 5. m Nequeo is conjugated like eo, L 
 80. » L. 115, 3. 
 
 49. "L. 123, 3, and L. 104.— Adspicit, &c, L. 47, N. 4. 6 Sato, 
 "in the sea," L. 108, R. 2. c Qwi voluerim, literally, " who wish- 
 ed;" the relative clause denotes the reason of the declaration. 
 nee jure plector, and the passage may be translated, " I am rightl} 
 punished for wishing, or, because I wished, though I was born 
 in the sea," &c. — Solo — solo : here is the play upon words, called 
 paronomasia. — Sims, " his own." d Unusquisque has a double 
 declension, see L. 45, N. 2. e Quern prceterlre sine periclo is the 
 subject of licet, L. 81, 8. / L. 127, 3, I., III. and IV. e Eum, 
 
NOTES. 279 
 
 PAGE 
 
 " him," i. e., the bull, h Supply esse; " would fly off." L. 95, N. 
 3. i Supply dixit or respondet, L. 127, N. 1. — Considentem, " when 
 you lighted," L. 122, 5. f Supply unam sc. peram, a the one filled," 
 &c. — Propriis, " own," i. e., in connection with the preceding 
 nobis, " our own." — Vitiis, L. 117, 2. — Ztere, " to give," post ter- 
 gum dare, " to place behind the back." — Alienis, sc. vitiis, " with 
 the faults of others. "-—Hoc re, " on this account, for this reason."— 
 Alii simul, the order is, simul alii. 
 
 MYTHOLOGY. 
 
 * L. 89, L, and R. — Give the rules for forming the nominative 50. 
 
 singular of Agenoris, draconem, Mortis, fontis, custodem. prolem 
 and uxore ; see L. 22 and L. 23. b L. 1 17, N. 2. * " All who had 
 come," L. 134, 1 ; or " all such as had come," L. 134, 2, and N. 
 1. <zL. 132, 2 and Rem. « L. 89, 2. / L. 101, and Rem. 3. 
 h L. 118, 2. i L. 98. Annorum novem, lit. " of nine years," i. e., 
 11 nine years old," L. 101, andR. 1. The rule for forming the nom. 
 sing, of Apolllnis. J L. 47, N. 2. ft L. 91 ; 2, and N. 2. 
 
 « L. 108, 1. b L. 97, 2 and 3. « L. 117, N. 1 ; and L. C, os. 5 1. 
 <*L. 117, 1. *L. 117, N. 2. /L. 119, N. 3. e L. 92, and (5). *A 
 Greek accusative, L. G, II., 1. i L. 127, 3 and IV. i L. 133, 1. 
 ft L. 110, 1. i L. 114. ™ L. 127, II. » L. 90, 3. The English idiom 
 requires the singular number. ° L. 99, R. 4. 
 
 "L. 111. 6L. 96, 3, and N. 6. o L. 133, 1 and 2. <z*L.52. 
 120, and N. 3. f Literally " which having been seen," L. 120, 
 N. 1 ; i. e., " at sight of which," L. 120, N. 2. / L. 117, N. 2, 
 quum, L. 132, R. 2,pariunt, " lay," an active verb used absolutely, 
 i. e., without its case. ^L. 27, Exc. Alcyoneos, L. 96, N. 5. 
 h L. 9, Exc. 4. i L. 134, 1. i Qua, i. e., e&, #w<2, " those things 
 which." As antecedent is is often omitted, L. 94, 7. — Communi- 
 cdbat, " used to tell," or '• was wont to tell," L. 47, N. 2. ft Dicitur, 
 sc. ille. i " Attempts to take," L. 121, 4. m Ei super caput, u over 
 his head,"" L. 109, Rem. 2. 
 
 «L.lll. iL.110,1. cL.133,2. dL. 127,N. 1. C L. 109.53. 
 / L. 127, II. e See N. («), p. 32. a The object of dare, i L. 127, 
 I., III. and IV. J Dare, " lo give," or, " that he would give," be- 
 cause the verb of saying is in the perfect indefinite. See on the 
 
 24 
 
280 NOTES. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 connection of tenses, L. 135, remembering that the infinitive in 
 Latin often corresponds with the indicative, or potential in Eng- 
 lish, L. 95, N. 3. * L. 120, N. 3. i L. 108, 2. *» L. Ill, N. 2. 
 ° Agamemnone duce, literally, « Agamemnon being the com- 
 mander," i. e., " under the command of Agamemnon;" L. 120, 
 Rem. 1. — Quum sciret; L. 132, R. 2. — Periturum esse, " would 
 perish," the leading verb sciret, being in the imperfect, see L. 135, 
 and N. (?) above, p L. 117, 1. ? " That he was concealed," L. 127, 
 N. 2. r L. 103, 1. s Possessive adjectives often supply the place 
 of the genitive of the corresponding noun ; as, regius for regis. 
 54:. «L. 95, N. 4 — Quae dum, " while they," L. 94, b—Audtto, L. 
 120, N. 3. b L. 95. 3. c The predicate accusative after esse, L. 
 92, R. 2. — Intellectual est; its subject is the preceding infinitive 
 clause, for which it is supplied in English, d The adjective sep- 
 arated from its noun by a genitive limiting the same noun. e L. 
 108, 1. /See N. (°), p. 32. s L. 109.— Sacram; an adjective 
 usually follows its noun when any thing depends upon it. k The 
 comparative to be translated by the positive with too, L. 119, N. 
 3. * Sc. illi. 3 L. 127, 3 and I. — Non posse, " could not ;" the im- 
 perfect depending on the perfect indefinite, L. 135. * L. 95, N. 
 5. i L. 108, 2; so Argos above. ™L. 111. n Supply earn before 
 sacerdotem, L. 96, 2. — Trojd eversd, "after the destruction of Troy," 
 L. 120, N. 2. «L. 108, Rem. p L. 133, 1 and 2, and N. 1. Pro- 
 metheus, a trisyllable, s L. 91, 9. T L. 129, 1. 
 
 55, a L. 111. b L. 133, 1 and 2. Quantum — tantum. Tantum is a 
 demonstrative adjective to which the relative adjective quantus 
 relates. The same is to be remarked of talis and qualis. As in 
 the case of is and qui, the relative word is usually placed first. 
 c The imperfect denoting repeated, that is, eager action, " earnestly 
 requested." <*L. 127, I. e L. 133, 1 and 2. / L. 129, 1. * L. 
 133, 1 and 2. — Quo facto, quod quum, and qui quum, see L. 94, 5. 
 
 * Mlttere, " putting," L. 95, N. 6. * L. 109. J L. 121, N. 3. * Sc. 
 esse, i L. 127, II. 
 
 56. "L. 109, R. 6. &L. 101. 'L. 133, 1 and 2. d L. 117, N. 2. 
 *L. Ill, N. 2 and 1. /L. 117, 1. s L. 42, N. 2. a L. 108,2.— 
 Conditione addita, L. 120, N. 3. f L- 120. i L. 128, II. * Cadmus 
 nomine, " Cadmus by name," &. e., " named Cadmus," L. 117, 5. 
 
 * L. 108, 2. i L. 133, 3. *» L. 47, 7. » L. 122, 2. 
 
 5T. « L. 94, 5. & L. 117, 1. * Why in the subjunctive, and by what 
 mood to be translated? Quicquid or quid 'quid. This pronoun, 
 like the English whoever and whatever, seems often to include both 
 
NOTES. 281 
 
 PAGE 
 
 antecedent and relative. * L. 128, II. 1. d L. 133, 1 and 2.— Ga- 
 vlsus est, L. 79, N. « L. 116, 5. / L. 95, 3, and N. 4.—Ipsi, L. 
 109. e L. 119, 1. * L. 90, Rem. 2. * The present petit is used for 
 the perfect indefinite, L. 47, N. 4; and hence is followed by the 
 imperfect, L. 135, 2, N. ^L.95,3. * Sc. m, " it." *L. 101, Rem. 
 3. * " Was wont" or " used," L. 47, N. 2. *■ L. 117, N. 1. o L. 
 95, N. 4. 
 
 « The preposition usually precedes the adjective, but particular 5 8. 
 phrases are excepted, ft L. 81, 13 ; what is the subject represented 
 by it before prczdictum fuit ? * L. 95, 4. d L. 128, II., 1. e L. 117, 
 1. / L. 135, 2. s L. Ill— dormienti, L. 122, 2. ft L. 132, 2 and 
 Rem.-Cinm, L. G, II., 2. * L. 96, 2. ; L. 131, (d). Raptum sc. 
 piseem, " having seized it," L. 120, N. 3. k L. 119, N. 3. Venan- 
 tes, L. 122, 2. i What is to be supplied % ^ L. 117, 4. 
 
 * A dissyllable, ft The genitive plural of other participles in 59. 
 rus is seldom used, but venturorum is found in Ovid, Met. 15, 
 835. * Repeated past action, L. 47, N. 2. ^L. 111. <z Pro- 
 nounced Har-py'yas e Ab ore ei, i. e., ab ore ejus, "from his 
 mouth," L. 109, R. 2, and L. Ill, N. 2. / L. 96, 3. e L. 135, % 
 h L. 127, III. and IV. i L. 127, I. /L. 117, 4. Habuisse, L. 127, 
 N. 2. Strophadas, L. I, Ace. Plur. 2. 
 
 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 
 
 * L. 96, Rem. 1, and L. 124, 3. In the active voice it would 60. 
 be (Altquis) Thalen (Greek ace.) interrogdvit, an facta etc., and 
 the accusative of the person is changed to the nominative in the 
 passive, L. 124, 2. a Latet takes an accusative of the person from 
 whom any thing is concealed, ft L. 129, 1 and 2. c Ne cogitdta 
 qvAdem, u not even their thoughts." d From nemznem to the end 
 the words are in the oratio obllqua. See L. 127. e §-i~L. 127, II. — 
 Pythagorce, L. 8, 5. / L. 134, 3.—Autem, see N. (°), p. 32. s L. 
 133, 1 and 2. ft " That he had said (so)." Hence our phrase, " a 
 mere ipse dixit" i L. 103, N. 2. — Prienen, L. 8, 5. — Expugnd- 
 tum et eversam, L. 122, 3 and 6. fr L. 133, 1 and 2, and 
 
 a L. 120, N. 3. ft Vacuus is construed with the #ew., or she &£Z. 61. 
 with or without ab. In construction, with vaccuum srippty horn- 
 mem; in translating, nothing is to be supplied; 'than, free 
 
282 NOTES. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 from every care, to devote," &c. * Dare is connected by qudm to 
 esse, d Scientice augendce depends on causa, L. 100, " for the pur- 
 pose of enlarging (his) knowledge," L. 123, 4. « L. 131, 1. / L. 
 42, N. 2. t L. 81, 8. ^L. 111. *L. 135, 2. i The imperfect 
 denoting customary action, L. 47, N. 2. iL. 133, N. 1. ft iVz'AiZ 
 in the accusative without a preposition, used for non, " nothing 
 changed," or, " in no respect changed," L. 97, 5. J L. 119, N. 3. 
 
 62. "L. 133, 4. sL. 110, 1. <L. 133, 1 and 2. dL. 123, 3; and 
 L. 100. • L. 117, 1.— Videbatur, L. 128, IL, 2. / L. 79, N. e See 
 N. (o), p. 32 »&. 129, 1 and 2. < L. 128, IL, 1. iL. 108, 2, 
 and Rem. ft L. 108, 1, and Rem. i L. 111. ™ L. 88, 2. »oL 
 107, 2 and Rem. — Reprcesentabat, see N. (*), p. 61. ?L. 117, 
 N. 1. 
 
 63. « L. 109. 5L 117, 5. ■ See N. (*), p. 34. d L. 129, 1 and 2. 
 «L. 134, 4. /L. 116, 3, and N. * L. 103, 1. h Infinitives and 
 oblique cases of nouns generally stand before the words on which 
 they depend, i L. 128, II. , 1. 3 What is the verb of saying on 
 which this subject accusative depends'* ftL. 98. *L. 91, 9. 
 » L. 118, l.—Venalem, L. 96, N. 5. » L. 92, 1. 
 
 64. «L. 111. 5L. 44, N. *L. 132, 2 and Rem. <*L. 103, 1. 
 « Present participles with ^mo, homines, or the like understood, 
 sometimes supply the place of a noun ending in tor i and denoting 
 the agent, " the (persons) sacrificing," i. e., " the sacrificers." 
 / A Greek accusative, L. 24, 2 ; and L. G, II., 3. s L. 116, 5.— 
 Thebas, L. J, 9. * L. 110, 1. i L. 133, 1 and 2. J L. 132, 2 and 
 Rem. ftL. 117, 5. i L. 81, 12. 
 
 65. "L. 131, 1. &L. 103, 2. «L. 91. 5. <*L. 96, 3, and N. 6. 
 • L. Ill, N. 2. / L. 133, 1. g L. 110, 1. h L. 108, 1. i L. 130, 
 and 129, l.—Appellandus sis, L. 121, 6, (£). iL. 92, 1. ft "To 
 one who inquired," L. 122, 3. i Te victorem renuntidri, L. 92, 
 Rem. 2. 
 
 66. • Sc. esse, L. 121, 6 (b). b L. 95, 5. « L. 111. <*L. 129, 1 and 
 2. e L. 120. / L. 101, Rem. 3. k L. 99, 4. a Ne precedes and 
 quidem follows the emphatic word. J " Of one about to plunder," 
 L. 91, 4. ftL. 133, 1. 
 
 6T. a L. 126, 2. b See note on quantum— tantum, p. 55. C L. 133, 
 1. — Monentibus eum qnibusdam, " when certain persons cautioned 
 him." L. 122, 5. <*L. 133, 1 and 2. e Alienatus is usually fol- 
 lowed by the abl. with a preposition, but here takes a dative. 
 / L. 128, IL, 1. g See N. (aJ, p. 44. h L. 131, 1 and (a).—Py- 
 thiam vocatum, " having called Pythias," L. 120, N. 3. — Acceptd 
 
NOTES. 283 
 
 PAGE 
 
 difficultdie, " when he had learned the embarrassment," &c. L. 
 12*2, 5 and 6. i L. 117, 2. > L. 119, 1. i L. 95, N. 5. « L. 95, 
 N. 4. "A predicate adjective, L. 92. 2. ° L. 117, 1. * L. 105, 
 3. ? L. 109.— Verbis, L. 117, 1. s " For which," L. 97, h.—Con- 
 tigit, what is its subject 1 * Fore is used impersonally, its subject 
 being the remaining words in the period, L. 81, 8 and 9. — Dig- 
 itus, L. 92, 2. «L. 116, 2. 
 
 Piter, « while a boy," L. 89, R. "L. 115. *L. 116, 4. ■ L.68. 
 109. <*L. 134, 3. e L. 110, 1. / Asia debelldta, " after his con- 
 quest of Asia," L. 120, N. 2. *L. 97, 1. * L. 117, 2. *L. 88, 
 2. — Qw0 audito, "when Alexander heard this," L. 120, N. 2, or 
 N. 3. iL 133, 1 and 2. fcL. 126, 1. i L. 104. ™L. 126, 2. 
 « L. 106, Rem. 4. ° L. 106, Rem. 2. * L. 108, R. 1. 
 
 a L. 117, 2. — Ji> e/ws nomine, " after his name." — Propositis, L.69. 
 120, N. 3. b L. 134, 3.— Ttafow. L. 2, Exc— Sewac " when old." 
 C L. 117,4. ^L. 108, 1. e L. 96, 3. — Factum est, impersonal: 
 what is its subject 1 Pompeio, pronounced, Pom-pe'yo. f L. 133, 
 1 and 2. ^L. 103, 1. h L. 116, 2.— Arcessltos, L. 120, N. 3, or 
 L. 122, 8. i L. 134, 3. iL. 103, N. 2.—Defecisset, L. 131, 1 and 
 (a). iL 119, 3. * L. 121, 4, (6). 
 
 ° L. 117, 3. & L. 89, 3. c Per medios ignes, " through the midst TO. 
 of the fires," L. 91, 8.— Cum periculo, u at the risk." d L. 128, IL, 
 1. 'lulll. /L.95,4. ff" That it afforded him," &c. L. 114, and 
 N. 1 : esse being used impersonally, its subject is the clause quod 
 patria, &c, L. 81, 8. k " His," L. 127, IV. < " Than he," L. 
 119, 1.— What is the object of didicerat? L. 96, Rem. 2. ; L. 
 103, 1. fc L. 117, 2. — Inspectanle populo, " in view of the people," 
 L. 120, N. 2. i L. 132, 1. m L. 121, 6, (A). 
 
 a L. 111. 6 Instandum esse is used impersonally ; supply nobis, ? 1. 
 &c, " that we ought to pursue," L. 112, 2, andRems. (a) and (c), 
 and L. 121, 6, (7>). c Ced# takes the ablative of a place with de, 
 ex, or without a preposition, L. 108, R. 2. <*L. 131, 1 and (#). — 
 Corintho capta, u by the capture of Corinth," L. 120, N. 2. e L. 
 117, 2. /L. 103, N. %—Eo defuncto, " after his death," L. 120, 
 N. 2. — A r <9?i essrf ^?^, " there was no property from which." e L. 
 134,4. fL. 128, 2. *L. 95, N. 4. iL. 99, Rem. 4. JL.81,N. 
 2. — Acceptis — recuperato, L. 120, N. 3. — Ad suos. L. 91, N. 4. * L. 
 109.— Jussas, " ordered five cohorts," &c, m*s#, " and sent them," 
 L. 122, 8. * L. 123 b.—Receptum iri, " should be taken back," L. 
 95, N. 3 : the future inf. passive, consists of the former supine 
 and iri, the present inf. pass, of eo, to go, L. 74, N. 2. 
 24* 
 
284 NOTES. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 7 2. a L. 89, (k). b L. 105, 4 — Ccesos, " after they had been beaten," 
 L. 122, 5 and 6 : or, " to be beaten," L. 122, 8. ^L G, I., 3, and 
 L. H, 3. *L. 101. /What is the subject of accldit? L. 81, 8 
 and 9. * L. 108, R. 2. aL 117, 2. * The accusative is the 
 usual construction, according to L. 96, Rem. 4: the ablative 
 here appears to depend on the preposition in understood, h L. 
 117, 2. 
 
 T3. "L 96, Rem. 3. b L. 38, 8.—Carpetanorum, L. 103, It «L 
 109.. a L. 133, 1 and 2. • L. 128, JL / L. 97, 4. 
 
 ROMAN HISTORY. 
 
 74. «L. 91, 9. 6 L. 96, 3.— Sub hoc rege, "in his reign."— Hinc, 
 i. e., ex Troja. ^L 117, N. 2. <*L. 110. — Ei benigne, recepto, 
 " received him kindly (and)." L. 122, 8. « L. 96, 2. 
 
 T 5. a Lit. " until Rome founded," i. e., " until the founding of Rome." 
 L. 121, 5, (b). b L. 108, 1. o L. 119, 1. d " Used to say." L. 47, 
 N. 2. « Sc. est. f L. 89, 3. s L. 103, 1. a Minor natu, lit., « less 
 or inferior in respect of birth," i. e., " born later, younger," L. 
 117, 5. iL. 129, 1 and 2. JL,. 128, l.—Rheam Silviam— Vesta- 
 lem virginem, L. 96, 2. fc L. 110, 1. — Geminos filios, Romulum et 
 Remum, L. 89, 3. i L. 91, 5, and L. 94, N. 2. » L. 121, 6, («). 
 
 76. * L. 129, 1 and 2. * L. 97, 4. ^l. 109. * In construction w- 
 nissent follows rapuerunt, L. 135, 2. e / L. 133, 1 and 2, * The 
 reflexive referring, as usual, to the leading subject, h L. 128, 
 II., 1. i L. 97, 2 and 3, et ea, " these also." ;L. 91, 8, rapte, see 
 §9. 
 
 77. a See Diet, under c^ra. &L. 121,9. c Ortam, "which had 
 arisen," L. 122, 3. * L. 1 1 1 . — Quo elapso, * ' after this had passed," 
 or, " at the expiration of this," L. 94, 5 ; and L. 120, N. 2. « L. 
 108, 1. / Quidem- following the emphatic word, s Repeated 
 past action, h L. 96, N. 4. i L. 117, N. 2. ;L. 117, 5. * L. 109. 
 
 78. «L 111, N. 2. 6 L. 104. c L. 111. d Gentium limits senatores 
 understood. e A ot ab denotes the doer, (L. 99, N.) _per signifies 
 " by means of," " at the instigation of," L. 97, N. / L. 116, 3. 
 g-L. 110, 1. 
 
 7 9. <* L. 97, 4. & L. 132.— &ed bene, &c, The adversative sed (L. 
 82, (3.) ) is opposed to the fraudulent manner of obtaining the 
 
NOTES. 285 
 
 PAGE 
 
 crown implied in the preceding sic. — Cum his, " including those." 
 c L. 111. <z L. 108, 2, and Rem. — Prima salutdvit, " first saluted," 
 i. e., " was the first to salute," L. 91, 9. e " As king," L. 96, 2. 
 / L. 103, 1. e u Herself." kin, "for." * L. 110, l.—Ei " against 
 him." 
 
 a L. 108, 1. b Regnatum est, " the kingdom continued," or, " the80« 
 regal government lasted," L. 81, 12. c L. 131, 1. & u After the 
 banishment of the kings," i. e., of Tarquin and his sons, L. 120, 
 N. 2. e L. Ill, N. 2. / L. 133, 1 and 2.— Qui quum, " and when 
 he," L. 94, 5. ff L. 132, 1. h L. 101, and Rem. 2. 
 
 °L. 117, 1. — Terreret, "was trying to terrify." Tne imperfect 8 1 . 
 tense not unfrequently denotes an attempt to perform an action, 
 L.47.N.2. "Supply swam, L. 91, 6. ^L. 111. « L. 132, 1. /L. 
 49, Rem. 2. * "After the banishment of the kings," L. 121, 5, 
 (by h L. 108, 1. « L. 128, II., 1.— jEam, " them," referring to 
 plebem, a collective noun, L. 5, 4. L. 133, 1 and 2. — Us refers to 
 plebem, but instead of agreeing with it, like the preceding earn, 
 is put in the plural referring to the individuals which the noun 
 denotes. See L. 91, 3.— Alia, L. 91, 5. iL. 133, 1. * L. 121, 9, 
 and L. 92, 1 and (by i L. 89, 1. n L. 99, Rem. 4.— Ad quintum 
 milliarium urbis, lit., " to the fifth milestone from the city." 
 
 a Quo facto, lit., " this having been done," L. 94, 5; or, " having 82. 
 done this," L. 120, N. 3 : it may also be translated, " because he 
 had done this," L. 122, 5 and 6 ; i. e., " for doing this," or finally, 
 : < for this." * L. 88, 2. b « Under the command of Fabius," L. 
 1.20, Rem., and N. 2. * L. 116, 4. <zL. 122, 3. « Hie, "the cele- 
 brated Ql. Fabius Maximus, who," &c, L. 42, N. 2. / See alter 
 in Diet.— ^ wfc conditd, see N. (*), p. 81. ^L. 133, 1 and 2. 
 aL. Ill, N. 2. — Manibus post tergum vinctis, "after tying his 
 hands," &c, L. 120, N. 2 and 3. 
 
 « L. 108, 2. 6 L. 122, 6, (a). * L. 133, 1 and 2,—Urbem, sc. Mwrn. 83. 
 <*L. 114. *L. 128, II., 1. /Supply est from below. ^L. 49, 
 Rem. 2. ^ /ft eo, see zs in Diet, i Presidium which is used as a 
 collective noun takes in its own clause a verb in the singular, 
 but in the following clauses the verbs are in the plural, L. 90, 4. 
 iL. 38,3. *L. 108, R. 2. i L. 101. « L. 117,4. »L. 117,2. 
 
 a L. 117, 5. b Depending on sedit, L. 109, but to be translated 84:. 
 as if it were ejus, L. 109, R. 2. « L. 117, 1. * This verb with its 
 clause is the subject of factum est. e L. 109. / L. 110. e L. 117, 
 N. 1. » L. 105, 4. i L. 95, 3. * Supply esse; for the translation 
 see L. 121, 6, (by i L. 129, 1 and 2. » L. 121, 6, (*). 
 
286 NOTES. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 85. cl L. ill.— Fecissent, L. 128, II., 1 and N. 2. b L. 96, 3. c L. 
 
 128, I. d L. 38, 8. e A conditional sentence, in which the con- 
 dition is implied in ego cum tallbus viris, " if I had such men ;" 
 and the conclusion, " I could with them/' &c, is fully expressed, 
 L. 131, 1, and (a). / L. 123,4. 
 
 86. «L. 131, 1. JL. 117, 1. *L. 127, I. <*See alter in Diet. 
 e Supply esse. 
 
 8T, «L. 120, R. and N. 2. &L. H, 1. 'L. 103, l.—Perditis, 
 "having lost," or " after losing," L. 120, N. 3; L. 122, 6; i. e., 
 " with the loss." d L. 96, 3, and N. 6. « L. 110. / L. 118. *L. 
 127, II. aL. 133, 1 and 2. i L. 127, N. 1. iL 106, 1 and 
 R. 1. 
 
 88. a L. 103. b L. 99, R. 4. c As a verb, pardta fuisse has, for its 
 logical subject, millia with its connected words ; as a noun, the 
 same verb with its clause is the subject of the impersonal tradi- 
 tum est, L. 95, 2, 3 and 4. d L. 118, 2. • L. 81, 10, 11 and 12. 
 
 89. a Per, " by means of." & L. 98. c The infinitive and oblique 
 cases usually stand before the words on which they depend, d L. 
 133, 1 and 2. e Mando in the active voice takes the ace. and the 
 dat. ; hence in the passive it retains the dative, L. 124, 4 ; man- 
 daretur is used impersonally, and in English the subject is the 
 dative Hannibali, L. 81, N. 2. — Fratre — relicto, " leaving his 
 brother," L. 120, N. 3. s L. Ill, N. l.—Commisso—accepto, L. 
 120, N. 3. — Superat, the historical present, used instead of the 
 historical perfect. So vinciiur, above. 
 
 90. * See N. (*), p. 88. & L. 104. " L. 92. d The antecedent of 
 quod is the clause servi manumissi, &c, " which thing was never 
 done before," L. 94, N. 2. • L. 110. / L. 96, R. 2.— A senatu, 
 L. 81, 12.— Potuissent, L. 128, I. h L. 133, I and 2. i L. 133, 
 and 7. 
 
 91. « L. 103, l.—Becepta, L. 120, N. 3. b L. A, 11. ' L. A, Exc. 
 2. <* " When a boy." So juvmiis below, L. 89, R. £ Partitive 
 adjectives commonly agree in gender with the individuals, of 
 which the genitive plural depending on them consists, and in 
 respect to their case, they are to be parsed like nouns : hence 
 multos is in the masculine gender, agreeing in this respect with 
 juvenum, and in the accusative after deterruit. h L. 95, 5, and 
 N. 5. — Aurum sc. suum. i " Their." 
 
 9 2. a Used like plusquam. b L. 118, R. 2. ^ What is to be sup- 
 plied ? d L. 117, 1. « L. 133, 1 and 2. 
 93. * " As a hostage," L. 89, R. & L. 89, 1. d Sc. est. • L. 103, 1. 
 
NOTES. 287 
 
 PAGE 
 
 / Cum is often used with the ablative of manner, when accom- 
 panied by an adjective. 
 
 « L. 101. b L. 108, R. 2. " Alter for secundus. d " From the 94. 
 building of the city," L. 121, 5, (*). / " Though defended," L. 
 122, 2. 
 
 •L.89,1; &L. 91, N. 4. fL. 81, 3. 95. 
 
 Cow., L. 120, R. and N. 2. a L. 128, II., 1. 6 L. 110, 1. * L. 96. 
 108,1. iL. 133, 4. «L. 92, 1. 
 
 « L. 81, 10, 11 and 12. & L. 112, N. 2. * See cwm in Diet. 9T. 
 <* L. 117, N. 2. e Jd #W0d, t( the thing which :" id stands for the 
 idea contained in the clause jus civitdtis, &c. / L. 133, 1 and 
 ±—Relicta, L. 120, N. 3. 
 
 « L. 103, N. 2.—Eversa, L. 120, N. 3. b L. 117, 2. * L. 121, 98. 
 5, (A). «L. 120, N. 2. /L.96,2. ^L.120,N.3. Ma. 108,2. 
 
 a L. 111. — Ipse, sc. Lucullus. — Eum, sc. Mithriddtem. — C071- 99. 
 sumptum can be translated passively, as agreeing with Mithri- 
 ddtem, the object of the verb, or actively with LaicuIIus, its sub- 
 ject. &L. 102, 2. a. 118, 2. d« Under the command of," 
 L. 120, R. and N. 2. • L. 108, 1. / L. 119, 2. * L. 100, R. 2. 
 
 « L, 109, R. 1. 6 L. 134, 1 and 3. 'L. 108, R. 2. dL. 101. 100. 
 « L. 98. / " He, the former," L. 42, 1 and 2. ^L. 46, R. 2. 
 a " To him," i. e. t to Pompey. J L. 105, 4. & L. 117, 2. i L. 
 128, II., 1. 
 
 b L. 99, R. 4. * L. 117, 1, and L. 123, 3. d L. 118, 2. lOX. 
 
 Quern, sc. consuldtum. a The imperfect, denoting that which 102. 
 was proposed, or on the point of being done, L. 47, N. 2. b " It 
 was opposed," L. 81, 9. <zL. 101. « L. 81, 10, 11 and 12. 
 
 Insolentius, L. 119, N. 3. «L. 81, 10, 11 and 12—Interfecto 103, 
 Cczsare, L. 122, 6. 6 L. 110, 1. «L 109, R, 1. <*L. 121, 4. 
 * L. 101. 
 
 « L. 91, N. 3, and L. 122, 8. & ipse, in such sentences, may 104» 
 agree either with the subject or the case depending on the verb, 
 according as either is intended to be emphatic. 
 
288 NOTES. 
 
 ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 105. a L. 89, 3. b « As boundaries," L. 96, N. 4. «A Greek ac- 
 cusative. 
 
 106. <*L. 132, 2. &L.H,2. ^L. 117, 3 and 5. ^L 111. /"You 
 would believe," or, " one would think." s L. 104. % L. 116, 5. 
 
 lOT. Qui, quce se, &c, i. e., ea, quce. a L. 109, R. 5. 6 Quanto — 
 tanto, L. 119, 3. e L. 109, R. 4. aL. 91, 4. « Supply the pre- 
 position a. /L. 111. ^L. 109, and L. 123, 3 and 4. fc L. 
 H, 1. iL. 98. Jh. 97, 4. 
 
 108, « L. 117, 1, and L. 123, 3. b L. 100, and L. 123, 3. * L. 109, 
 R. 5. d Morari is the subject of esse understood, L. 95, 4 ; and 
 periculosum agrees with morari, L. 91, 7. e L. 109. /L. 110, 
 1. *L. 103, N. 2. fcL 98. 
 
 109. Probabile est. The two preceding infinitive clauses are the 
 subject of this predicate, L. 95, 4, and L. 91, 7. ° " The 
 reign of Claudius," L. 120, N. 2. &L. 117, 5. a. 119, 1. 
 <*L. 116, 5. e L. 117,2. /L. 119, 3. ff In such expressions 
 the comparative is to be translated by the positive degree, 
 " than it is wide," i. e., " its length far exceeds its breadth." 
 i L. 109. *•" And there is clearly no other," &c. 
 
 HO. a L. 134, 4. 6 " Of that kind." Genus with id, hoc, quod, &c, 
 is put in the accusative without a preposition. « L. 111. <z L. 
 90, N. 3. *L. 117, 3. /L. 132,2. 
 
 111, a L. 117, 5. — What is the logical subject of verisimlle est? 
 b L. Ill, N. 2. c L. 109.— Jactum fiierit, L. 127, II. 
 
 112, a L. 129, 1 and 2. — What is the logical subject of apparet ? 
 b L. 108, R. 2. d L. 110, 1. « L. 90, N. 3. / L. 103, 2. ff L. 
 117, 5. h L. 104. * L. 42, 1. iL. Ill, N. 2. 
 
 113, a Significasse depends on fama est, which is equivalent to a 
 verb of saying, L. 95, 1. b Like the old English expression, 
 " at what time," for, " at the time when," or, " in which." 
 o L. 108, 1. d L. 134, 3. e L. 117, 5. / " By means of which." 
 e See note (&), page 104. 
 
 111:. "What is the subject? L. 32, 1. 'L 109.— Videretur, L. 
 
 134,3. dh. 90, N. 3. «L. 81, 10, 11 and 12. / L. 117,5. 
 
 g L. 129, 1 and 2. a L. 108, 2. 
 115. Cohceret, sc. m, i.e., Peloponnesus. a L. 91, 8. 6 L. 11, 2 
 
 and 3. * " Which they call ;" both the subject of appellant and 
 
NOTES. 289 
 
 PAGE 
 
 its object are to be supplied. Opibvs — copiis, L. 117, 5. c " As 
 colonists." L. 96, N. 4. Ebore, L. 22, R. 4 and (W). i^c^, 
 sc. <«*, L. 90, N. 3. dh. 123, 4 and 5. * L. 81, 10, 11 and 12. 
 Res gestas suas numerat, " their memorable occurrences," which 
 they reckoned by Olympiads, or periods of four years, the time 
 which intervened between the celebration of the Olympic 
 games. /L. 90, 3 and R. 2. ^L. 117, 5. Pluresque ; the 
 English idiom requires that que should here be translated "or." 
 a The comparative and superlative of prope, viz., propius and 
 proxime, are followed by either the accusative or the dative. 
 i " They say." 
 
 "L. 103, 1. &L. 111. cL. 95, 4, and L. 81, 8. <zL. 134, 4. 1 16. 
 Aristotelem, L. 127, I. « L. 127, II. / L. 126, 2. 
 
 Vino, L. 117, 5. Nominibus — moribus ; why in the ablative 1 1 IT. 
 a L. 109, R. 5. Contendo, with the ace. zd, signifies, "to strive 
 eagerly for this." Mercede data, L. 121, 5, (£). " Cwra — to&, 
 see ctm in Diet. Rerum — copia ; the genitive separated by a 
 relative clause from the noun which it limits. <zL. 117, 5. 
 Herns, L. C, o. Post T^rojam dirutam, L. 121, 5, (5). .2T07&e, 
 sc, nomen habet. 
 
 «L. 91, 8. 6L 117, 2. cL. 134, 4. <*L. 119, 3. « Qms 118. 
 after tlie particles, si, we, ww, w£z, nisi, num, quo, quanto and 
 quum, signifies " some one," or, a any one." / L. 116, 5. s L. 
 119, 1. h L. 91, N. 4. Maxima fluminum, L. 103, 1 ; the ad- 
 jective on which a partitive genitive depends, commonly, as 
 here, agrees in gender with the following genitive, rather than 
 with the noun or nouns which it limits, unless it follows the 
 latter. * " We have spoken," L. 81, 11 and 12. 
 
 «L. 123, 9. JL 24, 2. * See N. (*), p. 115. «L. 117, 3. 119. 
 d L. 1 18, 2. Sine, " free from, exempt from." e f L. 107, 2 and 
 N. Beatissimum, L. 96, 2, and N. 5. Locis,*L. 117,4. Eous, 
 sc. Oceanus. Asia nomine, &c. In English the relative clause 
 often separates the principal subject from its predicate, e L. 
 97, N. Stadia, L. 98. 
 
 * L. 109. b L. 101. c Homines is often to be supplied with 120. 
 verbs of saying, &c, and to be translated "people, men," &c, 
 or simply, "they." ^L. 131, (d). Asia propria dicta, i. e., 
 of Asia Minor. e " Clearly, unquestionably." / A noun is 
 often annexed to a relative for the purpose of explaining its 
 antecedent, s L. 111. &L. 101, R. 1. Namero, L. 117, 5. 
 Altitudine. L. 101 ; a genitive {sexaginta pedum) supplies the 
 
290 NOTES. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 place of the adjective in limiting altitudine : see Andrews and 
 Stoddard's Lat. Gr. § 211, R. 6, (1). 
 
 121. «L. 90, N. 3. 6L. 109. ^L. 104. rfL. 116, 4. Issici, sc. 
 sinus, " the Issic gulf." « L. 101. / Sc. se, L. 96, N. 3. e L. 
 133, 1. M. 81, 10 and 11. * Those who are entering, L. 
 91,4. 
 
 122. «L. 91, 4, and 122, 3. &L. 90, N. 3. « L. 45, R. 2. Cwm 
 ferra conjuncta, "joined to the mainland." d L. 81, 10 and 11. 
 *L. 133, 1, and L. 134, 1 and N. 1. /L. 116, 5. Primus e 
 Romdnis, L. 103, N. 2. Bactridnce, sc. cameli. In this pas- 
 sage from the 8th book of Pliny, camelus is feminine, but in 
 the best authors it is always masculine. Tubera, L. B, er. 
 *L. 117,3. *L. G, I., 2. 
 
 123. Bibant, L. 132, 1. ^L. 98: so above, quatriduo. c "Ahun- 
 dredeach," L. 38, 4. *L. 117, 2. rfL. 119, 3. • L. 97, 4. 
 / This genitive limits arnbitu. s See note on altitudine, p. 120. 
 *L. 89, 1. iL. 103, 1. ;L. 95, 4. * L. 119, 1. i L. 91, 7. 
 
 124. «L. 99, R. 4. & L. 117, 2. c L. 91, 3. <*L. 90, 4. Nefas, 
 sc. esse, the predicate of the two preceding infinitive clauses 
 taken as subjects. e L. 116, 5. Arenis, L. 111. /L. 119, N.3. 
 Natu, L. 117, 5. 
 
 125. Ti-ansituri, L. 122, 2, and L. 121, 4, (a). «L. 103, N. 2. 
 JL. 103, 1. <L. 81, 4. Cmra, L. F, Exc. in Decl. us. d L. 
 113 : so above, dentibus. • " They cover." / Navigdre is 
 sometimes used actively, in the sense of sailing over, when it 
 is followed by ocednum, cequor, &c. ; the expression here used 
 by Pliny, insulas navigdre, appears to be peculiar, and to sig- 
 nify, to sail or carry on navigation among the islands, e Id 
 stands for the idea in the preceding clause and hence is neuter, 
 L. 91, 7. 
 
 1 26. Centena. Why is the distributive number used? Omnium, 
 L. 103, 1. Sibi similes, " like each other." * L. 111. b L. 95, 
 4. Uniones, L. D, io. Arabas, L. I, ace. plur. 2, «L 104 f 
 and R. 3. d L. I, gen. plur. 6. « " This thing, this fact," i. e., 
 its fertility, L. 91, 7. 
 
 12T. Usu, L. 117, 3. « L. 110, 4. b L. 101. 'The place of the 
 adjective with the limiting noun is supplied by a genitive, see 
 note on altitudine, p. 120. <zL. 118, 2. Memphin, L. G, I., 1. 
 
 128. Pedum quindecim millium. This is wholly erroneous. The 
 slant height of the largest pyramid is variously estimated, from 
 600 to 800 feet. * Centum duos, supply et. Pedum centum, etc., 
 
NOTES. 291 
 
 PAGE 
 
 L. 101, R. 1. b L. 117, 2, see N. (*), p. 129. ^L. 90, N. 3. 
 dh. 123, 5. * L. 81, 10 and 11. «L. 123, 2. Pergami. Parch- 
 ment was sometimes called charta Pergamena, because invented 
 at Pergamus ; in this sentence, Pergami does not depend on 
 membrdnas. but is the genitive of place, L. 108, 1. 
 
 « L. 95, 4 and 1. Mersum, L. 122, 4, or 8. * Supply thus: 129. 
 [Api?n] alterum [tkalamum] intrasse latum est; in altero [ilk] 
 dira portendit, " To have entered the one is, &c, [by being] in 
 the other he," &c. Canunt, L. 90, 4. b L. 103, 1. ^L 117, 
 2; with the names of materials a/ is used rather than with. 
 
 Alia ejusmodi signa maris — effiisi. Two genitives depend on 130* 
 signo,: — maris effusi, "of the sea having extended." a L. 90, 
 R. 2. b L. 81, 8. Convenissent, L. 128, I. « L. 127, II. 
 
 Potus est lac — cibvs ca.ro ; which are the subject-nominatives 1 1 3 1 • 
 in specubus, L. 26, 4. b L. 113. c i/?se in such sentences is put 
 in the nominative or in the accusative, according as the sub- 
 ject or the object is emphatic. See N. (&), p. 104. d The pre- 
 terite tenses of nosco are used like the same tenses of odi and 
 memmi, L. 81, 4. e L. 111. 
 
 » Vicenum for vicenorum, see L. 11, R. 4. 132. 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 
 The following are given merely as examples of exercises 
 in orthography and etymology, and can be varied by the 
 teacher at his pleasure. Their object is to secure a perfect 
 knowledge of all those parts of the grammar which relate to 
 the forms of words and their division into syllables. These 
 exercises can be easily imitated by the student who com- 
 mences with the larger grammar. 
 
 I. 1. Write down the nominative singular of all nouns 
 and adjectives of the first declension, found on the eleventh 
 page of the Reader. 
 
 (a) If any of these nouns are excepted in gender or declension, 
 
 25 
 
292 NOTES. 
 
 write opposite to them a reference to the passage in the First Latin 
 Book, if such can be found, where the exception is mentioned : thus, 
 Europa, culpa, terra, 
 
 peninsula, tua, rotunda, 
 
 poeta, m. L. 5, 1. mora, amicitia, 
 
 inertia. nulla, L. 32, 1 and 2, vera, 
 
 insania, via, sempiterna. 
 
 sylva, parva, 
 
 (b) Mark the quantity of the penult in each word, making use for 
 this purpose of the general rules of quantity in Lesson 3, and of the 
 dictionary, when no rule can be found. 
 
 (c) Mark the accented syllable in each word according to Lesson 
 2, 4 and 5. 
 
 (d) Divide each word into syllables* according to Lesson 2, 1 ; and 
 Lesson A ; putting a point between the syllables, and repeating from 
 memory the rule for the division of each syllable. Thus e. g. say, 
 " Europa has three syllables, because " (here repeat Less. 2, 1) " It 
 is thus divided, Eu-ro'-pa ; for p must be joined to the last vowel, 
 because " (here repeat Less. A, 1.) ; and r must be joined to the pe- 
 nult, because," (repeat Less. A, 3.) 
 
 2. Prepare a similar exercise on each of the following 
 pages to page 30. 
 
 II. 1. Write down the nominative singular of all nouns 
 and adjectives of the second declension found on page 11, 
 marking the gender of each, and referring for exceptions in 
 gender or declension to the First Latin Book, thus : 
 
 vitium, n. annus, m. 
 
 electus, m. L. 91, 1. dirum, n. L. 91, 1. 
 
 Gtuintius, m. L. 9, Exc. 3. bellum, n. 
 Fabius, m. L. 9, Exc. 3. 
 
 2. Finish this exercise like the preceding one according 
 to (£), (c) and (d). 
 
 3. Prepare a similar exercise on each of the following 
 pages to page 30. 
 
 III. Write down the nominative singular of all nouns 
 and adjectives of the third declension found on page 11. 
 
 (#) Mark the gender of each noun and the rule or exception on 
 which its gender or genitive depends, thus : 
 
NOTES. 293 
 
 os, n. L. B, os : L. C, os. irreparabile, n. L. 91, 1 : L. 35. 
 
 lapis, m. L. D, is : L. E, is. tempus, n. L. 18, 2, and 4. 
 
 homo, c. L. 5, N. 3 : L. C, o. glacialis,/. L. 91, 1 : L. 35. 
 
 ebrietas,/. L. 15, 1 : L. 16, 1. hiems,/. L. 15, 1 : L. 17, 1 andN. 
 
 dux, c. L. 5, N. 3: L. 17, 2. brevis,/. See glacialis. 
 fugax, m. L. 91,1: L. 28, 2 : L. 37, 2. voluptas,/. See ebrietas. 
 
 vetus,/. L. 91,1. L. 37, 1 & 2: abl. sing, e, L. 37, Exc. 
 
 (b) Write the root of each of the preceding words, and from the 
 root form the nominative singular by Lessons 22 and 23, giving the 
 same rules for the adjectives as for the nouns, thus : 
 
 Lapid, by L. 22, I., (which repeat) becomes lapids, by Remark 1, 
 (which repeat) it becomes lapis. 
 F'ugac, by L. 22, I., becomes fugacs. i. e., by Remark 2, fugax. 
 
 (c) Mark the quantity and the accented syllable of each of these 
 nouns and adjectives, and divide them into syllables according to the 
 modes pointed out in the first exercise (b), (c) and (d). 
 
 2. Prepare a similar exercise on each of the following 
 pages to p. 30. 
 
 IV. Write the nouns of the 4th and 5th declensions, 
 found on the 11th, 12th and 13th pages, and prepare them 
 in all respects as directed in the first and second exercises. 
 
 2. Do the same with each three of the succeeding pages 
 to page 30. 
 
 V. 1. "Write the first person singular, in the indicative 
 mood present tense, of each verb on the 11th page, separat- 
 ing the four conjugations and also the irregular verbs; 
 thus, 
 
 1. saluto, 2. 3. eligo, 4. venio. irr. sum, L. 62. 
 
 sto, fugio, L. 74, N. 1 . fio. L. 79. 
 
 paro. cresco, 
 
 labor, dep. L.75. 
 
 2. Repeat from memory the principal parts of each, as set 
 down in the Dictionary. 
 
 &. Eepeat all the roots of each verb ; thus, salut, salutav, 
 salutat: — st, stet, stat, fyc. 
 
 4. Do the same with each of the following pages to 
 page 30. 
 
294 NOTES. 
 
 VI. 1. Write in separate columns, according to their 
 kind, all the particles found on pages 12, 13 and 14. 
 
 Conjunctions. Adverbs. Prepositions. 
 
 et, L. 82, (1). semper, dm, a, L. 99. 
 
 -que, L.82, (1)&(4). non, quotannis, inter, L. 97,1. 
 
 atque, L. 82, (1). interdum, minime,L.82,3&4. 
 
 neque, L. 82, (1). citius, L. 82 ; 3 &4. bene, 
 
 serius, L.82,3&4. longe, 
 
 nunquam, quam, 
 
 diligentissime, L. 82, 3 and 4. 
 
 Do the same with each three pages following, to page 30. 
 
 Ho 8 8 
 
C 0*_o^*3 
 
 
 • #S a\^ <* 
 
 
 
 V ^ " 
 
 °^ 
 
 js.^% W 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 B: %/ V J 
 
 
 V" 
 
 
 
 * o N o 9 a" 
 
 V 
 
 • * c 
 
 1 ^ Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process 
 
 *0 Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide 
 
 /y % Treatment Date: July 2006 
 
 °*p. *•**«• ^ Deacidified i 
 
 C\ *9 Neutralizing _^ 
 
 "^ yjk , Treatment Date: July 2006 
 
 ^» %^ av t-jA^j^A,^ ^ >A ^ Treatment Date: July 2006 
 
 ^ : ^^, : ^fi^o <v^ ■ PreservationTechnologies 
 
 ^^ AF 4>V °^^iiS * «V <<* * AW0RLD LEADER IN PAPER PRESERVATION 
 
 * 6 V5 ^v^r^!|' > a j>. 11 1 Thomson Park Dnve 
 
 A *U ** S a\ V Cranberry Township. PA 16066 
 
 -0 V r. ° " ° « Vi *^ - fc ' » - <f (724)779-2111 
 

 
 
 * ^. 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ***** V*£ 
 
 ; — i+n '* • • ° '* <P* %- % " * ** *°° 
 
 HECKMAN m\ V \;iV» <V «A°\jtifc 
 
 BINDERY INC. |B| ^ ^ ;ja«, <<V <* .* JSE 
 
 BINDERY INV-. ■"■ 
 
 ^ NOV 88 
 
 #S» N.MANCHESTER, «\ 
 
 W=i^ .KirMAKia A6962 ^.*> 
 
 N.MANCHESTER, ^ * 
 
 INDIANA 46962^ ^ '' # \ s 
 
 
 6962J ^ *7?rr.' a * %? # ?,