'C mcc C CTxCC 4 ' ^ yj LJ ijfa^e (Ooni/?nc< , f." '■^•L, HISTORICAL SkHrCHliS ^1 () !•■ T II K i!ii«i 'I Ul^-iiiiiitf$)ih ioiil |i|!lilillfi|, ^ X A N P A L k5b? i' O F yTrXTj 'X |lii\i:\(il.i;NT AM) RHRiiniATORV IXSTI'IITIOXS THE STATE OF OHIO G2X-v^« ■ ?>\o>J- UL^>AAtYVV\AoJ«L ^^^ tc^ccAl*.^ 1N7G, e(9?^ / ?0Q. CONTENTS. HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS Antiocli College, Baldwin rniversity. Clevel;iii(l Ac:i(l<'niy, CIcncImikI Kciiinic Spiuiiiai y, CleniKtut A<-;uli'my, C'inciiiiiali Weslcyan ('dllege, iH'imisoii liiivcrsity, (Traiid River inslitiitc, Heidt'lltcix < Olit'i^e, Hilisl)or(> Kciiialc College, Hiram ( 'oileue. Keiiyoii Collcfie, Lake Kiie Female ISeiniiiary, Marietta College, ^^l. I 11 ion ( 'ollege, North-western Ohio Xoi'iutt! School , Ohio Agricultural and .Me- dia nieal College, ( )lierlin ( "ollege, < >liio Central Noi'iual School, ( )liio llniversity, Ohio VVeslevan Keuialc Col- lege, Ohio W'esleyan Univer.'^ity, ( H t(M'liein I'ui versify, Sleiiheuville Female Semi- nary, St. Xaviei' College, Twinshui'gh Institute, Westerji Reserve College, Wittenherg College, W'ilherforce Fni versily. \'an Sickle's lUi-siness College. BENEVOLENT AND REFORMATORY INSTITUTIONS. Ohio institution for the Kducatioii of the Blind, Ohio Institution tor the Education of the Deaf and Dunili, Ohio State A.sylum for Kdvication of Idiotic and lnil)ecil<' Yoinh, Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' ()r|)hans' Home, Western Ohio Hospital for the insane, Oliio (rirls' industrial liome. oiiio Reform I'^arm School, < )liio Penitentiary. PRIVATE BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. Cincinn.'ili <>ri>haiis' Asxium, Jewish ()r|ihans' Asylum, Widows' Home. PREFACE. The historical sketches contaiiKMl in this Niihiiiie liave hecn prepai'cd in accordance witli the i-e(|iicst of the State Centennial Kducational Committee. It is |)i-esnme(l that the liistoi'ical mattei- is uf-nei-ally accurate, and |)rol)a-h]y as comph^e as it conhl Ite made from tlie data accessihh' to the anthers. These autlmrs alone ai'e responsihle for any inac- cui'acies in dates or statements of facts. It is not claime(l that the volume is comjilete. The con- trihutions contained in it ha\M^ heen i)i'e[)ai-ed voluntarily, and the managers of many |)uhlicas well as [)rivate insti- tutions have tailed toconijily with the i-e(|uest of tlie com- mittee. There ai-e undouhte(lly many omissions in these sketches. Tlu> writers, in morominence uiven. in a few of these sketches, to more recent administrations. ANTIOCH COLLEGE, OF YELLOW SPRINGS, GREENE COUNTY, OHIO. ORIGIN AND NAME. This Institutiou was organized and named in a Convention of" the religious denomination called " Christians," held in Marion, Wayne county, N. Y., October 2d, 1850. It was legally incorporated under the name of "Antioch ('ollege," May 14th, 1852. It was reorganized under the name of "Antioch College of Yellow Springs, Greene county. Ohio,"' April 19th. 1859. The name "Antioch " was given in honor of the Syrian (;ity where " the disciples were first called Christians." AIiNJS AND METHODS. The denomination which founded the College, aiming from its origin to stand on a basis on which all true Christians can unite, assumed no name but ''Christians;" adopted, or required assent to, no creed but the Bible, allowing each man his own judgment in interpreting its teachings; and made the evidence of Christian life and character the only requisite to admis- sion to their fellowship. The aim of the Convention was — 1. To establish a non-sectarian College of high rank. 2. To offer in it equal opportunities for students of both sexes. These principles have continued to characterize the College through all its history. To secure its liberal character, a,s its founders understood liberality, it was provided that two-thirds of the Board of Trustees and a majority of the Board of Instruction should at all times be members of that denomination. This Convention appointed a Provisional Committee of thirty-four, comprising representatives from different States, of whom the Convention designated thirteen, namely: A. M. Merrifield, of Massachusetts; David Millard, David Ely, Esq., Rev. Amasa Stanton, Rev. W. R. Stowe, Rev. Eli Fay, Dr. J. Hale, and C. C. Davison, Esq., of New York ; Rev. John Phillips, Rev. D. F. Ladley, Rev. Josiah Knight, E. W. Devore, Esq., and Hon. B. Randall, of (3hio, to act as a sub-committee, having in charge the work of raising funds, and l(»cating and building the College. Of this committee, Rev. David Millard was Chairman, Rev. Eli Fay, Secretary, and A. M. Merrifield, Treasurer. Under its direction agents were put into the field to raise funds at once. THE FINANCIAL SCHEME, The original design was to establish a College proper, with four undergraduate classes. The funds for the endowment were to be raised by the sale of scholarships, at one hundred (100) dollars each, entitling the holder to keep one scholar in the school continually, free of tuition charges. Fifty thousand (50,000) dollars were fixed upon as the minimum of funds to be so raised. It was also the expectation to build it in the State of New York, "■ somewhere on the thoroughfare between Albany and Buffalo." The agents were directed to take notes for the scholarship subscriptions, payable September 1st, 1852. At a meeting of the sub-committee, held in Stafford, N. Y., October 29th, 1851, it was found that the Ohio agents had far outstripped the others in success, and that that State had earned the right to the College. Here it was decided — 1. That the College should be located in Ohio. 2. That a department of Preparatory study should be an- nexed to it. 3. That at least one hundred thousand (100,000) dollars must be raised as a permanent endowment, no part of which should ever be diverted from its purpose, but the in- terest alone should be used to pay the tuition of the students who might be sent on the scholarships. 4. That fifty thousand (50,000) dollars must be raised to erect buildings, and grade and ornament the grounds. 5. That dormitories should be built for the accommoda- tion of students. To the dangers inherent in the itriginal scheme was added a measure still more fatal, in the encouragement given by agents, on the authority of the committee that employed them, that the principal of the scholarship notes would never be called for so long as the interest, at six per cent, per annum, was promptly paid. With this encouragement many gave their notes, believing that, though they might not be able to pav the principal, they could pay six dollars a year for the privi- lege of keeping a scholar in the school perpetually; especially as the scholarships were neg<»tiable, and manv expected to be able to rent them for nmch more than the annual interest they would have to pay. For building funds, reliance was placed upon the contribu- tions which might be made for the purpose of securing the location, and upon special donations for building purposes. THE LOCATION DECIDED (JX AND PLANS ACCEPTED. The sub-c' are usually conferred by Colleges." By these articles the sub-committee became the legal Trus- tees, and so remained until an election under the charter. It will be seen that this charter contemplated no State or municipal control or influence of any kind, and provided for no members, ex-offieio, not even the President of the College; that the Board of Trustees, two-thirds of whom were to be of the Christian denomination, were elected by the scholarship holders, who thus constituted a joint stock company, with shares of one hundred (100) dollars each ; that the Trustees had the power of holding and controlling the property, man- aging the finances, and appointing the Faculty and other offi- cers, while the Faculty had the sole control of the educational work, including the conferring of degrees. THE FIRST BOARD OF TRUSTEES Was elected at a meeting of scholarship holders, held in the College Chapel September, 4th, 1854. The following |)ersons were elected: Aaron Harlan, Elias Smith, Horace Mann, Jacob F. Crist, Joseph E. Wilson, Charles Ridgeway, E. W. Devore, Nathan Ward, Jacob Ree- sor, David Cross, Joseph P. Cory, John Kershner. John Kneisley, A. S. Dean, Noah P. Sprague, James Maxwell, Samuel Stafford, John Phillips, William H. ('arey, Moses H. Grinnell, William Mills, Eli Fay, Amasa Stanton, Peter Cooper, A. M. Merrifield, D. P. Pike, Benjamin Cummings, Charles H. Olmstead, N. S. Morrison, George W. Webster, J. R. Freese, William R. King, and F. A. Palmer. The Board was organized by the choice of Hon. Aaron Harlan, President: EHas Smith, Esq., Vice President; Wil- liam R. King, Secretary ; aiid Hon. William Mills, Treasurer. The second election took place .lune 27, 1857. This Board continued in office until the reorganization in 1859. THE FmST FACTTLTY. At the meeting of the sub-eomniittee in Ennn, Ohio, Jan- uary 21st, 1852, a conimittee was appointed " to correspond with suitable persons to constitute the Faculty of the College." Here, for the first time, the idea was seriously entertained of inviting Hon. Horace Mann to become its President. Cor- respondence was opened with hira, and in June following it was announced that he would accept the position. At a meeting in Yellow Springs, September 15, 1852, the committee on a Faculty made their report, and the election took ])lacc. Horace Mann was elected President, and C. S. Pennell, and Miss R. M. Pennell, of Massachusetts, Rev. Thomas Holmes, of N. H., Rev. W. H. Doherty and Ira W. Allen, of N. Y., colleagues on the Faculty, and A. L. Mc- Kinney, of Indiana, Principal of the Preparatory Department. HORACE MANN AND HIS COLLEAGUES. When the oiler of the Presidency of Antioch was made to Mr. Mann, he had completed his historical twelve years' work, as Secretary of the Board of Education in Massachu- setts, in which he had inaugurated and carried so far forward the reforms in common schools, of which he is the acknowl- edged father. He was now just entering upon his second term as representative in Congress, to which he had been elected as the successor of John Quincy Adams. He had already found that the Congress of the United States, espe- cially under the influences that then predominated, was not a field of reform so receptive and ho})eful as was found in connection with the education of the young. Besides, his high and uncomprouiising moral and humanitarian views, which made him so thoroughly anti-slavery, did not comport with the conservative spirit of the times, even as it prevailed in the most respectable districts of Eastern Massachusetts. When, therefore, the op])ortunity was opened to him to be put at the head of what promised to be a large and liberal institution in the southwestern part of Ohio, it seemed to him a providential opening, where he might spend (he remainder of his days in his chosen work. He saw the opportunity to sow the good seed, Id which he had so much confidence, ib the fresh and fruitful soil of the West, where there was promise and prophesy of a rich harvest of results, which should perpetuate themselves throughout that fast-unfolding portion of our nation,, in all succeeding time. The peculiarities of the new institution which attracted him, in addition to its location, favorable for an extensive in- fluence, were : First — The non-sectarian character which it promised to have. Second — The offering of all its |)rivileges equally to both sexes. Third — The sympathy and enthusiastic support which was tendered him from the founders and friends of the Institu- tion. On accepting the position, Mr. Mann devoted himself heart and soul to his work. Professor and Miss Pennell were relatives of Mr. Mann, who had already become distinguished as teachers in High and Normal Schools in Massachusetts. Mr. Mann had sig- nified his wish that, if he should accept the Presidency, they might be associated with him, in order that his colleagues might not all be strangers to him, and that he might liave seme who he knew would understand him and his aims and methods, to assist him in inaugurating his work. Prof Doherty was a graduate of the Royal Belfast College, Ireland, a ripe scholar, especially in moral and metaphysical studies, and belles lettres, and an eloquent preacher. He had been a Presbyterian minister in Camber, County Down, Ire- land. He was, at the time of his appointment, pastor of the Unitarian Society in Rochester, New York, but a member of a Christian Coni'erence in Western New York. The other members apjjointed on the Faculty belonged to the denomination which founded the school, and were persons of liberal education and experience as teachers. Prof. Holmes was a graduate of Oberlin, Prof Allen of Hamilton, N. Y. and Prof M|^Kinney of Wabash College, at Crawfordsville, Indiana. THE FIRST FAt'ULTY MEETING. Thi.s was held at Mr. Mann's residence, in West Newton, Mass., about the first of November, 1852, the members from the Western States coming to Massachusetts for that purpose. Mr. Mann describes it as unexpectedly harmonious in views and opinions. At this meeting a division of labor among the several mem- bers was agreed upon, and three additional Professorships were j)rojected. for which there were no appointees. The Faculty and their Professorships were arranged and published as follows : FACULTY. Hon. Horace Mann, LL. D., President, and Professor of Political Economy, Intellectual and Moral Philosophy, Con- stitutional Law and Natural Theology. Rev. W, H. Doherty, A. M., Professor of Rhetoric, Logic and Belles-Lettres. T Ira W. Allen, A. M., Professor of Mathematics, Astron- omy, and Civil Engineering. Rev, Thomas Holmes, A. M., Professor of Greek Language and Literature. C. S. Pennell, A. M., Professor of Latin Language and Literature. Miss R. M. Pennell, Professor of Physical Geography, Drawing, Natural History, Civil History and Didactics. * , Professor of Chemistry, and Theory and Practice of Agriculture. * , Professor of Mineralogy and Geology. • , Professor of Modern Languages. Rev. A. L. McKinney, Principal of Preparatory School. A curriculum (»f study for the undergraduate course was here adopted and published as follows: tProf. Allen went to Europe, and reniainied till September, 1854. In his absence the chair was filled by Miss Julia A. Hitclicock, afterwards Mrs. Fay. ■■ H. A. Warriner, M. D., was appointed by the Faculty in October, 1854, and assigned to tlie work of the two Professorships, but spent about two vears in Germany before enterino; ,u\ liis duties. UNDERGRADUATE COURSE. FRESHMAN CLASS. First Term. Algehra — Loomis'.s. Latin — Lincoln's se- lections from Livy, first three book.s, with Latin Composi- tion, (ireek — Anabasis, first tour books, with Greek Cora- position, Effctive Studies^ — Drawing and Designing. Second Term. English Language and Elocution. Ge- otnetry continued — Loomis's. dfree/x- — Homer's Iliad, first five books, with Greek Composition. Elective — Jahn's He- brew Conunonweath, and Sismondi's Decline and Fall of Rome, for the first thousand years after Christ. Third Term. Trigonometi^y, Plane and SpheHcal — Loomis's. Human Physiologi/, alternating with Latin and Greek. Latin — Livy continued, twenty-first book. Horace, Schmitz and Zumpt's edition. Odes commenced. Latin Composition continued. Greek — Xenophon's Memorabilia, and Greek Composition continued. Elective — Botany, Gray's Botanical Text-Book. SOPHOMORE CLASS. First Term. Mensuration, Purveying and Navigation. Latin — Horace's Art of Poetry, Satires and Epistles. Rhe- toric and Belles- Lettres. Elective — Didactics or Theory and Art of Teaching; Potter and Emerson's School and School- master, Page's 'J'heory and Practice of Teaching. Second Term. Analt/tical Geometrii — Loomis's. Latin — Cicero, DeSenectute and DeAmicitia, Greek — Longinus on the Sublime. Elective — Hallam's Middle Ages, and Ban- croft's United States. Third Terisi. Differential and Integral Calcidus, or the Acts of the Apostles and Epistles of the Greek Testament, at the o])tion of the student. Latin — Germania and Agri- cola of Tacitus (Tyler's edition preferred), and one play of Plautus or Terence. French — Pronunciation, Grammar and Translation. Elective — Didactics, or the Theory and x4rt (»f Teaching continued. ■Studies wliich, by permission of the Faculty, may be pursiuHl, in- stead of one of the regular exercises for tlie term. JUNIOK CLASS. FiKST Term. Physival Geography — Guyot and Mrs. Somervi lie's. Chemistry. Natural Philosophy — Mechanics. Elective — French continued, with Conversation and Compo- sition. Second Ter^i. (JivU Engineering, Chemistry as applied to Agriculture and the Arts. German — Pronunciation, Gram- mar and Translation. Elective — French continued. Third Ter:\i. Logic and Belles-Lettres. Zoology — Agas- siz and Gould's. Natural Philosophy — Physics. Elective — German continued, with Conversation and Composition. SENIOR CLASS. First Ter>l Political Economy, Astronomy, Geology and Mineralogy. •Second Ter.m. Intellectual Philosophy, Rhetoric, Logic and Belles-Lettres, Evidences of Christianity, History of Civ- ilization — Guizot. Natural Theology. Third Term. Constitutional Lav, Moral Philosophy. " Rhetorical Exercises and English Compositions will be re- quired, weekly, during the whole course. " Lectures, during the whole course, will be given bv the Professors in their ftspective departments. " There will be extensive and daily oral instruction. Teach- ing from text-books alone is like administering the same pre- scription to all the patients in a hospital ward ; but oral in- struction is mingling tlie cup of healing for each individual case." For admission to the Freshman Class the following requi- sites were prescribed : " English Grammar ; Outlinesof Ancientand Modern Geog- raphy ; History ; Miss Peabody's Polish-American System of Chronology, or Worcester's Elements. Arithmetic — Alge- bra, Loomis's Elements, ov its equivalent. Geometry — Loomis's first five books, or lii-st four of Davies' Legeudre. Latin — Bullions' Grammar, Reader, Caesar's (commentaries (two books); Virgil's ^Eneid, first six books, with Prosody and Scanning ; Cicero's Orations, four against Catiline, and the one for the poet Archias ; Sal lust, Catiline's Conspiracy ; Lat- in Composition. Greek — Bullions' Grammar, Reader, Gos- pel according to John. Greek Composition." Of this curriculnm the following points ma}^ be noticed : 1. That it assumed a standard of requirements and of study co-ordinate with the older Colleges of the Eastern States. This relative standard Antioch has always aimed to maintain, and to advance as the general standard in the best colleges lias advanced. 2. That here an election of studies was provided for, and a course of study offered as alternative for Greek (or Latin) to candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts. 3. That prominence was given to Historical and Sci- entitic studies ; a movement in which Antioch, under the direction of Horace Mann, was [(ioneer, but which, in the march of improvement, has been largely adopted by the best colleges of the country. 4. That it was declared as the policy of the Facult3' that there should be no slavish and formal adhesion to text books, but that oral instruetion should constitute a j)rominent part of the daily work. 5. That the study of the theory and practice of teach- ing was made a part of tlie regular course; thus incor- porating tlie work of pre[)aring young persons for teach- ers into the vevy organization of the College. . From this meeting of the Faculty, a circular, written by Mr. Mann, was issued, containing "a brief statement respecting the locatioii, origin and objects" of the College, setting forth its recognition of the claims of women to equal opportunities of education witli men, emphasizing the attention to l)e given to the study and observance of the laws of health, and making a special note of the non-sectarian spirit in which the College was to be con- ducted. TIIK DKDICATION AND rNAUWUHATION took place, October 5th, 1853. An immense concourse assembled fi'ojn all parts of the State, and many from other States. The cereiuonies consisted of the investiture of the President in his office, by the presentation of the charter and keys, in an address, by Rev. I. N. Walter, and a response by President Mann, and also the delivery by Mr. Mann of his Dedicatory and Inaugural Address. OPENING OF THE SCHOOL. On the following day, the school was opened by the ex- amination of students. The grounds were uncleaned and uufenced, and the building still unfinished ; though ail the rooms of Antioch Hall and the north dormitory were ready for occupation. A Freshman class of six, four gentlemen and two ladies, was admitted, and over two hundred entered the Prepar- atory and English classes. To this Freshman class, one was added during the term, two at the beginning of the Sophomore, eight at the beginning of the Junior, and one at the beginning of the Senior year. Three left during the course, leaving a class of fifteen, twelve gentlemen and three ladies, who graduated in the first class, June 27th, 1857. The cheap tuition effected by the scholarship system, and the general interest which had been awakened in the canvass for money, as well as the reputation of President Mann, brought in an infiux of students, which continued until the abolishing of the scliolarshijjs, by the failure and assignment of 1859. HORACE MANN A8 PRESIDENT. For the first years of the College, and until its embar- rassments began seriously to manifest themselves, Mr. Mann kept himself aloof li-om its financial afiairs, and devoted liimself to overseeing and insjiiring the educa- tional work. He strove to make the acquaintance and gain the confidence of every student, and to impart his own inspiration to live for the highest ends. The health and morals of the students were his special Care ; and publicly and privately he labored to guard and promote them. The earnestness and power of his words, his jiathos, wit, ciiid occasional sarcasm, will never be ibrgotten b}' any who were his pupils. In discipline, his aim was to cheek the beginnings of disorder. He was firm and thorough, but ready to accept any hope of amendment. In the relations of the two sexes, his airn was, by i)ub- lic receptions and otherwise, to give frequent opportuni- ties for social intercourse in the presence of teachers and friends, that it might be the easier to restrain any tend- ency to seek private interviews. COLORED STUDENTS. Early in the College history, some students from a col- ored family jiresented themselves and were received. Great excitement was aroused atonce, and the President of the Trustees sent Mr. Mann a note, forbidding him to receive them. His answer was, that he would never con- sent to be connected with an institution from which any person of requisite qualifications was excluded on grounds of color, sex, physical deformity, or anything for which such person was not morally responsible. In this he was sustained by his colleagues. This position Antioch has always maintained, though, both before and during the war, it was done at large sacrifice. While a few students left the school, and others stayed away on account of it, firmness rendered the internal commotion superficial and temporary. Except Oberlin, Antioch was a pioneer in this principle, and its proximity to the border line of slavery made it cost the more to stand by it. FINANCIAL, HISTOEY, AND DENOMINATIONAL RELATIONS. As has been stated, the original plan, incorporated into the first charter, ])rovided that two-thirds of the Board of Trustees, and a majority of the Board of Instruction, should at all times be members of the Christian denom- ination. Its educational fund was raised by the sale of scholarshi|)S, the interest on which was to sustain the educational expenses of all depiii'tments of the Institu- tion. For building funds, the Tinistoes looked to ](h-h] and special contributions. When the buildings were finished, these local and special contributions had all been exhausted ; money had been borrowed in large amounts, on mortgages and oth- erwise ; and a heavy indebtedness on account, for labor and materials, stood against the College ; how heavy, in the absence of any suitable books, it was impossible to tell. Considerable contributions were made within the denomination towards paying ofl' this debt; and agents were sent to New York and Boston, to solicit aid from Unitarians, as friends of liberal learning. Rev. Dr. Bel- lows, Hon. Moses H. Grinnell, and Peter Cooper, of New York, and Hon. Albert Fearing, of Boston, and many others, gave it generous aid. Still the debt remained, and statements concerning the financial status were dis- cordant and confused. This bred distrust, and distrust checked donations. The educational expenses were nearly |10,000 a year above the receipts from the scholarship interest. At the end of the fourth academic year, June 27th, 1857, about 140,000 of the [irincipal of the scholarship notes had been paid in, and, notwithstanding the provis- ions of the charter for its security, it had been " borrow- ed" by the Trustees, and ex] tended for incidental uses. They, doubtless^ expected to be able to refund it out of moneys raised to pay ofl" the debt ; but as the funds for that purpose did not come in, they were unable to restore this. And still there were debts outstanding, as it proved, amounting to over $80,000. In this state of affairs the Trustees resolved no longer to continue this regime, but to stop expenditures as a financial corporation, and to pay their debts if j)0ssible. To continue longer would be to wrong the creditors of the corporation, as well as the stockholders [scholarship- holders], who might, under the laws of Ohio, be liable for the debts of the corporation beyond the amount of their scholarships. Accordingly, A^S ASSIGNMENT of the pro]»erty was made. F. A. Palmer, Esq., Presi- dent of Broadway Bank, New York, who had been a liberal friend of the College, and was at that time its Treasurer, was appointed assignee. Two years were devoted to settlement and liquidation. During these two years, earnest efforts were made by the friends of the educational aims of the College. East and West, to raise money to purchase the property when sold. In the meantime, the educational work of the College was comparatively undisturbed. At t|ie time of the assignment the Faculty was reorganized. President Mann was retained in his position, and four of his colleagues were reappointed — Professors Gary (successor to Professor Pennell), Warriner, and Holmes, and Mrs. Dean, formerly Miss Pennell. Rev. Austin Craig, D. D., was appointed Professor of Rhetoric, Logic, etc. Miss Lucretia Crocker, Professor of Mathemat- ics, and J. B. Weston, who graduated at that commencement, Principal of the Preparatory Department. Professor Holmes was in Europe, where he had been spending two years. He did not accept the appointment, but re-entered the ministry. The year following, Dr. Craig was succeeded by H. C. Bad- gers, and Miss Crocker by F. W. Bard well. The Faculty, as thus constituted, with the usual corps of assistants in the Preparatory Department, carried on the educational work for the two years, at their own risk, dividing the receipts, which amounted to about half their stipulated salaries. In the spring of 1859, a suit for foreclosure was entered in the United States Court, in Cincinnati, by the Hartford Insurance Company, which held a first mortgage on the real estate, and granted. The property was appraised, the real estate at $60,000, the personal property at $5,000. The sale was advertised to take place April 19th, 1859. On the day before, the friends of the College assembled at Yellow Springs, effected an organization, and combined their funds, with the intent of j)urchasing the {)roperty, if they should not be outbidden at the sale. The sale was effected by John Kebler, Esq., Master C/onnnissioner, and the property was bid off by F. A. Palmer, tlu' assignee, at two-thirds the valuation, no bidder appearing against hira. It was trans- ferred by hira, on the same terms, to five provisional Trustees; and by them, April 22d, 1859, to the Trustees of the new corporation, known as " Antioch Colleiie, of Yellow Springs, Greene County, Ohio." The men comprising this body and raising funds for it, resolved that none of the debts of the old corporation should remain unpaid. The scholarshi|» fund, the j)aid-up stock of the old corporation, which had been expended, was not deemed a debt. Thus about $80,000 was really paid for property, though it was" bid off at about half that sum. This money was raised in the Christian and Unitarian denominations ; about equal proportions from each. THE NEW CHARTER avowed the sympathy of the corporators " in the liberal and unsectarlan spirit in which the College originated, and in the generous ideas which prevailed in its educational plans," and expressed their desire that the new organization should '' per])etuate its general educational policy, and be managed and conducted upon its liberal principles." The rights and powers were " vested in a Board of Trustees, com- posed of twenty persons, twelve of whom shall always be members of the religious denomination of ' Christians,' as that denomination is hereinbefore described, and eight of whom shall always be members of the Unitarian denomina- tion of Christians." The Trustees, as named in the charter, were: "Horace Mann, Eli Fay, J. B. Weston, E. M. Birch, and T. M. McWhinney, of Yellow Springs, Ohio ; John Phil- lips, E. W. Devore, and John Kebler, of Ohio; Thomas Har- less and Artemas Carter, of Chicago ; George Partridge, of St. Louis ; Albert Fearing and Edward Edmunds of Boston ; Moses Cummings, of New Jersey; Henderson Gaylord and E. W.Clarke, of Pennsylvania, and Henry W. Bellows, Charles Butler, G. W. Hosmer, and Amasa Stanton, of New York. The Board was made a close organization, with power to till its own vacancies perpetually. The President of the JSoarrl wais also President ol the College, and Chairman e;X oficio of the Executive ( 'Oniniittee. It was provided that " no debt shall ever be contra<;ted by the corporation, nor shall rt have power to mortgage or pledge any portion of its real or personal property ; * ''" and no portion of the expenses of any one year shall be carried over to the succeeding year."^ The power of conferring degrees under this charter was vested in the Trustees. Horace Mann was a|)pointed Pres- ident of the new coi j)oration, Artemas Carter, Treasurer and Secretary, and Horace Mann ex offino ; Eli Fay, John Keb- ler, E. M. Birch, and J. B. Weston, Executive Committee. The Faculty and the educational policy were continued without change. The financial revolution which was going on without scarcely aifected the work within ; though every pupil was alive with anxious hope and fear at the |)rospect, and finally with exultation at the successful issue. The new corporation was thus launched free from debt ; a condition which it has ever since strictly preserved. FREE FROM DEBT, BUT WITHOUT ENDOWMFNT. Its friends had been so heavily taxed to purchase the property, that it was deemed impolitic to try at that time to raise an endowment. In lieu of this, notes were given bv friends, for various sums, payable in annual instalments for three years — enough to secure an income of five thousand (5,000) dollars annually outside of receipts for tuition. To these notes President Mann and the most of the Faculty made liberal contributions. Thus the annual expenses for three years were ])rovided for. DEATH OF PRESIDENT MANN. The labors of Mr. Mann during these two years, especially towards the close, had been incessant and severe, and his anxiety intense. The successful termination was the un- loading of a heavy burden, and the relaxing of nervous tension. Under the reaction, he was taken by an acute dis- ease, and died a triumphant death at Yellow Springs, Au- gust 19th, 1859. He was buried in the College grounds ; and the next year his remains were taken to Providence, Rhode Island, and i-e-interred by the side of his lirst wife. The blow to the College and its friends was a severe one. The hopes of all had been centered in him, as the master spirit of the great work; but now he was suddenly called to leave it. He had lived long enough, however, to project much of his spirit into the organic life of the Institution. The Faculty and students felt themselves bound to it by a hallowed tie. The spirit of its inee|»ti<)n it has been the aim ever to preserve. REV. THOMAS HILL, I). D., PRESIDENT. In September, 1859, Di-. Hill was appointed as Mr. Mann's successor, and entered upon his duties January, 1860. He stipulated, as a condition of acceptance, that two thousand (2,000) dollars a year for three years should be |)rovided for, to meet contingent expenses, in addition to the five thousand previously pledged. This was done. This ])rovision would terminate June, 1862. President Hill gave his energy and learning to the interest of the College in all departments. The old life of the school continued, but with a gradual abatement of numbers. In 1860 a (dass of 28 was graduated (the largest ever graduated in any one year), in 1861 a class of 7, in 1862 of 18. In the spring of 1861, Dr. Hill went to New England to commence the work of raising an endowment, to be ready to meet the expiration of the temporary ]>rovisions. While there (April, 1861), news came of the bombardment and evacuation of Fort Sumter. The war broke out and absorbed all thought and interest. Nothing could be done for Antioch. Dr. Hill remained in office until June, 1862. No pro- visions remained to meet the expenses of the College, and the Faculty resigned. DURING THE WAR. At the request of the Trustees, Prof. J, B. Weston assumed the control of the school, and, associating a corps of teachers with himself, continued it on a self-su])porting basis. For two years, to June, 1864, some of the College classes were kept up, and provisions made for examinations in others, and one student was graduated each year. The next year the Preparatory and English classes were continued by Prof. Lewis Prugh and Mrs. A. E. Weston. During these three years, Rev. Austin Craig, D. D., was President of the Trus- tees, with leave of absence; Prof. Weston, Acting President. DIFFICULTIES. Difficulties breeil dissensions; and none are more fruitful than the financial difficulties of associated bodies. Of this Antioch has had abundant experience. The brilliant |)ictures of the prospective Antioch were so highly drawn that reali- zation was impossible, and disappointment was a foregone fact. Money was called for on scholarships, and to pay accu- mulated debts. This was contrary to the expectations which had been excited. Many invested money in town lots, ex- pecting a great city to arise around the College, and a chance to make fortunes by the rise of pro|)erty. This they failed to realize. Money was solicited and paid on the assurance that the debts would be liquidated ; but still they were set at fig- ures higher and higher. Finally, the bubble of scholarships burst. It was the wreck of many a bright ])romise. Amid so many difficulties, misunderstandings were inevitable, and somebody must be the vii-tim of curses. The increasinir contributions of the Unitarian friends of the College, of necessity, led to an increase of their influence. It was natural that the disapjiointed parties should cast the blame on them. Many n on -sectarians are sectarian in their non-sectarianism. It was so iamong the patrons of Antioch. Wliile with those of both denominations who were willing to work for an Institution of high rank, standing on simply a Christian Ijasis, there always existed the best of harmony and co-operation, there were others, especially of the Christians, who wished it ujore " strictly denominational." This spirit was fanned by some disappointed aspirants, until in the Chris- tian denomination there was a wide-spread dissatisfaction. Many pnmiised liberal contributions to restore the College exclusively to its original hands, and many others had confi- dence of success if this could be effected. Accordingly, at the meeting of the Trustees in June, 18G2, PROPOSITIONS OF COMPEOMISE were made and accepted. According to these propositions, the Trustees representing the Christian denomination were to make an effort to raise an endowment of fifty thousand (50,000) dollars in one year. The time was afterwards ex- tended to two years. If they succeeded in this, the Unita- rian members were to consent to a change in the provisions of the charter fixing the denominational relations of the Trustees, and to resign, leaving the entire ownership and control of the College in tht hands of the remaining mem- bers. If the Christians failed in this, they were to allow a like privilege to the Unitarian members. The two years passed, Prof. Weston in the meantime car- rying on the school on his own risk and responsibility. The most earnest efforts and appeals were made, and the most favorable terms offered for the payment of the sums that might be pledged ; but the funds did not appear. Scarcely one-tenth of the requisite amount was pledged. In June, 1864, the hope of raising an endowment from this source was abandoned, and the work turned over to the Unitarian members. They stipulated that the provision making any denominational relations a condition of eligibility to the Board of Trustees should be entirely removed. This was provisionally agreed to. June 21st, 1865, the sum of one hundred thousand (100,- 000) dollars had been secnired. The [u-oposed amendment in the charter was unanimously agreed to. The money was paid in and invested in Government 7-30 bonds at par. The members of the Board from the Christian denomination re- signed, but the most of them were re-elected. On the pay- ment of the fund the following conditions were expressed : "1st. That the interest and net income thereof only, as the same accrue, be used towards maintaining five Profes- sorships. " 2d. That whenever, and as soon as any clause or article shall be inserted in the Constitution or By-laws of the Col- lege, or in any way become a rule in the government of the College which may, in any shape or form, impose any secta- rian test for the qualiti cation of a Trustee in tiie election of Trustees," the endowment shall be forfeited to the American Unitarian Association. RESUSCITATION. At this meeting a full Faculty was appt)inted, and it was decided to open the College for the next year, in all its de- partments, on the second Tuesday in September. Hon. A. D. White, now President of Cornell University, was elected President, but being enlisted in the founding of that Institu- tion, he did not accept, and Prof Austin C'raig, D. D,, was Acting President for the year. In 1866, Rev. G. W. Hosmer, D, D., of Buiialo, N. Y., was elected President. He entered into the spirit of the Institu- tion, and sustained it with that ability, wisdom and experi- ence for which he was already celebrated. In June, 1872, Dr. Hosmer tendered his resignation as President, to take effect January 1st, 1;itin — thi'ee years, cmbi'acing (Tramnuir. Firsi Lessons. (';esar. Cieei'oV Orations, Virgil, Hrose Composition. Creek — two years, embracing (iram- mar. First Lessons. Xenopbon's Anabasis, Homer's Iliad. Prose ('om|>osition. .Mathemati(^s — Arithmetic, two terms: Algebra, two tei'ms ; (reometry. one term. History — one vear, namely : (ireece Jind Rom (\ one term: Fngland, one terrrj : I "nited States, one term. Botanv — one tei-jri. Phvsi- ology — one term. Elementary Phynics — one term. Ele- mentary Chemistry — one term. Those who do not take the Greek are required to take Elementary Astronomy one term ; Elementary Geology and Physical Geograpliy, one term : Zoology, one term ; German, one year. IHK rNJ>KK(TK.\OrA'rE corHSE F'or the Academic year. 1S74-5, is as follows : FKKSHMAK YKAK. Fir>^1 Term. Greek — Xenophon's Memorabilia of Socrates, Boise and P'reeman's: (ircek Prose Composition. Latin — Livy. *German^ — Schiller. Mathematics- — ^Tappan's Ge- ometry completed. Sf.cond Term. Greek — Hoiiici's Odyssey ; Herodotus, Boise and Freeman's; Prose Composition. Latin — Horace, Odes. * German — Goethe. Mathematics — Higher Algehra. Third Tcriit. *(Treek — Plato and Demosthenes, Boise and Freeman's: Prose ( "oni position. Latin^ — Tacitus, Germania and Agricola. German — Goethe and Lessing. Mathe- matics — Trigonometry; Elements of Surveying and Level- ing (optional). SOl'llo.MoRE YEAH. Fir-sf Trriii. "iMTicek — (Edipus Tyrannusand Antigone of Sophocles. Latin — Cicero; E]»istles. F'rench — Otto'sGram- mar. Analytical (ieonietry. Sccdiid Tmii. fGveek — Plato's A pology a,ud Crito, Tyler's; Prometheus of .Eschylus. Jjatin — Tacilus: Histories. French — Otto's (Jrainmar. ("idctulus. Third Trfiii. i'Greek — I )ernostlienes on the Grown. I^at- in — Plautns's Captives: Hoi'aceV E]tistles. Physi(!s — Me- chanics of Solids, Li(piids and Gases. Acoustics — Atkinson's Ga.Dot. French — French Wi-iters. * Students are allowed In substitute C-Jeriiiaii lor (ireek »lurhig Fresli- lan Year. t Optional t'ni- Ijatin. JITNIOK YEAR. First Term. PhysicH^ — Heat and Light. C'hemistrv — Bar- ker's. English Literature — Early English Literature. Seco'iid Term. Physics — Magnetism, Electricity and Me- teorology. English Literature — Shakespeare and History of English Literature. History — Hallam's Middle Ages, or (rreen's Short History oi the English People. ThinJ Term. Astronomy — White's Elements. Modern European Literature. Zoology — (Botany on alternate years. ) SENIOR YEAR. Fir>5-66; (George W. Hosmer, D. D.. 18(if>-73 ; Ed- ward Oi-ton. A. M.. January to.luly. 1878 : S. C. IhM'by, A. M. (acting), 1878-76. Metaphjixirfd, Moral and Po'.ifirxd Scieiues — The Presidents, 1858-78 (except Williain C. Russel, A. M.. Political Sci- ence, 186-5-6); G. S. Hall. A. M. (Metaphysics and Ethics). 1878-76: -I. B. Weston. A. M. (P'»litical Science, acting). 1874-76. Rhetoric, Logiraial Eiu/'w/i Literature — Rev. W. H. iJohertv. A. M.. 1858-57: Austin Craig, D. D., 1857-58; H. C. Badger. A. M.. 1858-62: Rev. Francis Tiifanv. A. M.. 1865-66; Rev. James K. Hosmer, A. M.. 186H-71 (8. C. Derby A. M. acting, 1869-70); G. 8. Hall. A. M., 1872-76. (rreek — Rev. Thomas Holmes. A. M., 1858-56: (reorge I.. Cary. 1856-62: Rev. J. B. Weston, A. M.. 1862-76. Lat/'v — C. S. Pennell A. M.. 185;-*)-56; Sylvestei' Watei'- house, A. M., 1856-57: (n'oige ].. C'ary. A. M., 1857-62: Lewis Prugh, A. M. 1862-65: William F. Allen, A.M.. 1865-66: Rev. .1. B. Weston, A. M. (acting). 1866-70: 8. C. Derby. A. M.. 1870-76. Maf/iniKih'rs—l. W. Allen, A. M.. 185H-57 : (Miss.)ulia A. Hitchcock, acting 1858-54) : Miss Lucretia Ch'ocker, 1857-58 : F. W. Bardwell, B. 8., 1856-62 ; M. H. Doolittle. A. B., 1862-- 64; John E. Clark. A. M., 1865-72: ('. H. Chandler. A. M- (acting), 1872-73: Miss Rebecca 8. Rice. 1878-76. Modern LmniiKiye.'^ — A. M. Williams, A. M.. 1857-5N: Mrs. E. Fay, 1857-59; Adolph 8chneider. 1858-59: Mrs. Adaline 8. Badger, A. M. 1859-62; Rev. C. Bradford, 1862-64: T. E. 8uloit, A. M., 1865-66. In years not covered by these pro- visions, the work has been done by Professors of other de- partments. Geolofii/, Phy.siol(H/tj, Zoohxm, ami BvUi n n — Miss H. .M. Pennell (Mrs. liean), 1858-59 ; H. A. Warrinei'. M. 1).. 185(Mt2 ; Ed- ward Orton, A. M.. 1866-78 ; E. M'.Claypole, B. 8 , 1878-76 OhenviMrf/dwl Phi/.sirs—J .W . Hoyt.xM.]). ( acting ). 1854-55; H • A. Warriner, M. D., 1855-59; G.C. Caldwell. Ph. D.. 1859-62; J. W. Langley. B. 8., 1865-66; W A. Anth(.ny. Pb. B. 186(i- 70; C. H. Chandler. A. M.. 1870-76. ms^oi//— Miss R. M. Pennell (Mrs. Dean). 1858-59; .). B. Weston, A. M., 186(MJ2 ; Mrs. A. E. Weston. A M . ]S()2-64: W. C. Russell, A. M . 1865-(36: (4. W. Hosmer. D. D . l.S(>H- 78: .1. B. West(m. A. M. (acting), 1874-76. [riMriidor.s in ('oUet/e Studiex — F. C. Hill, Civil Engineer- ing and Mechanical Drawing. 1867-71 : >Hss H. 8. Rice, A. M., French and Mutbematics. 1869-70: Mis. A. E. Weston. A. M, History. 187>_K K-O^ WUg II "if au) .sa.2 SSl Sio, 5:0 i ^ so S,^ _o •^ O rt •i'X ffl!«i0C ofcic^ ■3M W O ^ (£ S?, -S-o P i^ ■:: a o .2 ^ i^ 4r&a ^'^ CB P « g a 9^ M is; . D •J? p •< 9! ij z; U D 7 ^ £ a P- 1 9 While pursuing the foregoing Course of Study, which must be thoroiighly mastered by every young lady who would graduate, and her thoroughness tested by a rigid turittm exainmatioti in each study, a large part of the pupils receive careful instruction in one or more of the following branches of study not embraced in the regular or required course: Music — Vocal and Instrumental, in- cluding Guitar, Violin, Piano and Organ; Modern Languages — French, German and Italian ; Drawing, Pencil and Crayon, and Painting in Oil and in Water Colors. The Institution has no endowment or income of any kind, other than the receipts from board and tuition of its pupils. It has always been its aim to afford to pupils the best practicable ad- vantages, at the lowest price compatible with the superior excel- lence at which it aims. The terms have changed somewhat from time to time, but in the main have remained nearly the same as now. The following table exhibits the rates of change at the opening of the school in 1854, and at the present time: CHARGES PER YEAR. 1854. 1874. Board, including use of room, furnished, warmed and lighted; constant parental care and over- sight, with tuition in any of the English or classical studies, per year of forty weeks, - $250 $350 Tuition alone, ----------- 40 48 Instruction in Music — Vocal, Guitar, Piano or Organ, - 48 80 Instruction in Modern Languages, French, Ger- man or Italian, --------- 20 40 Instruction in Drawing, Pencil or Crayon; Paint- ing, Oil or Water Colors, ------- 24 50 The tc'ork accoinplisJied by the Institution is such as cannot well be recorded here. The record of earnest, faithful, pains-tak- ing labor performed by conscientious Christian teachers, here as elsewhere, is written on high ; while the sweetly controling influ- 10 ences of such a school, in which mind and heart are alike carefully moulded, in which by day and by night, at all times, the gentle pressure is brought to bear, are long felt in the minds and hearts so moulded, and, in ever widening circles, around the homes and hearth stones and social circles, which those so trained adorn. Special interest has here ever been felt in, and special pains are taken with, those pupils who desire to fit themselves for use- fulness as Christian teachers, and the Institution has usually found its best teachers among its own graduates. Conspicuous among these may be mentioned Miss Mary E. Seymour and Miss Jennie R. Moody. The former entered this Institution as a pupil September, 1855, was graduated June, 1857, became one of its teachers September, 1861 ; the latter entered as a pupil October, 1861, was graduated June, 1864 ; and became one of its teachers September, 1864 ; and both have continued their con- nection with the School, with no material interruption to this- day. Both have been towers of strength to the Institution, dur- ing all these years, and have made their mark not only on the In- stitution, but on hundreds of those who have here been brought within the sphere of their influence. It has never been • the aim of this school to graduate , large classes, but rather to discourage and dissWow graduafi?ig, ifitmustbe attained, if at all, at the risk of health, or with the lack of thorough honest work in any department. Consequently, greatly to its credit, the percentage of its graduates is small ; only one in thirty- two of its pupils having received its honors. The great obstacle in the way of highest success of such an In- stitution, educationally considered, is found in the limited period during which most girls remain under its moulding influences. The fascinations of society, impatience of restraint, and sometimes indolence or the mortification which it at length brings; these on the part of the daughter, or the too careful counting of the cost on the part of the parent, too often serve to deprive the pupil of the benefit, and the teacher of the satisfaction, which a longer stay in school would be sure to bring. The whole number of pupils enrolled during the successive years of its history, their average age and the number of graduates 11 each year, with the sources from which the patronage has been derived will appear from the following table : Yeai Endin g S ^ Day. Total 1^ _6 > Ph '6 _2 33 fTEI!IOR OP Till.; CUAPIiL. THE TKUSTEES. As trustees, and earnest friends of the College in its early years, we find the names of the honored Bishops Ilnmline and Morris; Rev. C. Elliott, D. D.; Rev. L. Swormstedt. Hon. John M'Lean, Joim Eistner, John Eecves, Josiah Lawrence, Joseph G. East, Moses Brooks, A. jST. Riddle, Dr. Charles "Woodward, Joseph Herron, and John Whetstone, all of Avhom have passed from labor to reward. Associated Avith them were Bishop Simpson, Harvey DeCamp, James P. Kil- breth, Wm. Wood, E. B. Reeder, John Cochnower, John Du- bois, Hon. J. BurgojMie, and Rev. B. P. Aydelotte, D. D. In later years, the lamented Bishop Clark, Bisiio]) Wiley, b CINCINNATI WESLEYAN COLLEGE. John Siinpkiiison, John Pfaff, J. M. Phillips, and Dr. C. G. Oomegj's, had jihice in its management. The present Board of Trustees is constituted as follows: Rev. .J. M. Walden, D. D., President. Mr. John Cochnower, Vice-President. Hon. Charles W. Rowland, Secretary. Mr. Joseph F. Larkin, Treasurer. Bishop R. S. Foster, D. D., Luke Hitchcock, D. D., E. S. Rust, D. D., Harvey DeCamp, John C. Brooke, Jno. D. Hearne, Hon. M. B. Hagans, James N. Gamble, H. K. Lindsey, Richard Dymond, Jno. T. Johnson, Wm. Wood, Jno. R. Wright, Jos. L. Hai.l, Wm. F. Thorne. Alex. R. Clark, THE FACULTY, The Trustees elect the FacuUy annual]}-, tenure of office depending upon ability and success in the work of instruc- tion. The College grew from infoney to maturity under the guardianship of President Wilber, who, for seventeen years, devoted his time and talents to its interests. In 1859 his Avork on earth was completed, and- his Master called him home. In the same year, Eev. Eobert Allyn, D. D., was elected President, and, until 18(33, controlled the affairs of the insti- tution in an able manner, when ho resigned to iicce])t the Presidency of M'Kendrce College, Illinois. He was succeeded by Rev. R. S. Eust, D. D., whose suc- cessful administration continued until the close of the Sj)i-ing term in June, 1866. At the opening of the new edifice, on Wesley Avenue, in 1868, Eev. L. H. Bugbee, D. D., was elected President. After seven years of faithful and successful labor he re- signed, to accept the Presidency of Allegliany College, Meadville, Pa. The Board of Trustees unanimously called to the Presi- dency of the College tiie Eev. T>. H. Moore, D. D. He entered upon his official duties in September, 1875, with char- CINCINNATI WESLEYAN COLLEGE. 7 acteristic earnestness and zeal; and his administration promises the most successful results. The present Faculty is as follows: Eev. D. H. Moobe, D. D., President. Catherine J. Chamberlayne, A. M., Lady Principal, Charles W. Super, A. M., Ph. D., Mrs. Mary C. Wilber, A. M., Madame Martinez, Margaret Boyd, A. M., Anna M. Thompson, A. M., Jessie S. Wilber, Frances A. Fish, A. M., Mary W. Richardson, Eliza J. Allen, A. M., Mary W. Ross. Department of Music. Karl Barus, Dean, Augusta Hermann, Arthur Mees, Wilhelmina Mollmanjt. COURSE OF STUDY. The course of study proposed in 1842 was far in advance of tliatof ladies' schools of a high grade at that time. There were tlirec departments; namel}", the Primary; the Prepar- atory, occupying three years; and the Collegiate, four. The Latin and Greek Languages were included in the regular course. The modern languages, French, CTcrman, Spanish, and Italian, were optional. The exact sciences received a measure of attention that had not been accorded to them in tlic department of female education. The best oppor- tunities were given in vocal and instrumental music, and in drawing and painting. The changes made in the course of stud}-, from time to time, have been sucli as to secure the liighest culture, and to prepare young women for the responsibilities of life, to do the best work in their homes and in society. The aim has been not alone to store the mind with facts, but to lead it to independent thought. We place the present Courses in the Academical and Collegiate Departments in tabulated form on the next two pages. An examination of them will show liow fully we recognize the claim of woman to all the advantages of a thorough scholastic traininfir. CINCINNATI WESLEYAN COLLEGE. t^ X5 >j p. j: cS p. o >, o a (fl O •I ^'5 ar. tic. isto Arith met istory. nalysis. istory. CO 0) O c3 c. ithme ramm school English Gramin Arithmetic. Mental Arithme United States H: o o 2 Writing. Spelling. Reading. Intermedi Arithmeti Mental Ar English G Common-s Complete English H English A Natural H u Q >. 2 < >. a 2 o 03 a 6C >, o Z o w H H Writing. Spelling. Reading. Intermediate Geogra Arithmetic. Mental Arithmetic. English Grammar. Common-school Geo English Grammar. Arithmetic. Mental Arithmetic. United States Histor Complete Arithmeti English History. English Analysis. Physical Geography >; Q >. c4 o h 6 w < CO o o < in H n o on Writing. Spelling. Reading. Intermediate Geogr Arithmetic. Mental Arithmetic. English Grammar. Common-school Gei English Grammar. Aritlimetic. Latin Grammar. United States Histo Complete Arithmei CtEsar. English Analysis. Natural History. o >» (O >, i CO < o 1 wo o O ar. istory. metic. and Cse s. phy. gS© SS2 a §w a Bm lete Arith Grammar sh Analysi: cal Geogra ting, ling, ding, rmediati metic. il Aritl sh Gra lon-scl sh Gra: metic. Gram d State .flw-C ;:^ .fl fl ^ ac=:-3^ Arit Men Eng Com Eng Arit Lati Unii Com Lati Eng Phy u a u xsaij oiiooas auiHX iixanoa >« CINCINNATI WESLEYAN COLLEGE. tt H 13 C-5 ure. me- X ® g >> C3.» ?b 2 1 1 . H fl 5 gM So O <« h P g O M o a ^■>i Idenceso tianity. glish Lit( tronomy. t Criticis] o o Iglo-Sax Early E ometiy. emi.stry, etoric. glish Li and His gic. ology. 1 alytical try. O ^ cs*© o S cp r;.q a o c i-i ?■ Kriu o X w tl <;» « i 2 o xn Anglo-Saxon. Algebra. Physiology. Ancient History. glo-Saxon. 3m etry. tural Philoso- Pby. thology. glish Literatu and History. gonometry. ology. ntal Science. litical Econom nstitution of United States. i]'al Science, glish Literatni alytical Geom try. c i c; f-> a -Si^^ o o o a a German, istory. a' a u CD German ire. . Geome- of Chris- iterature. sm H ^ CO w P h or etry. istry ric. h or erati ?y- tical nces nity. sh Li nom; ritici < o 15 o o Frenc Algeb Botan Mode] o a g o S Ss w Q o o fa H 2 o M S oj a > a « ^H 9 b i k a ci a 6 omy. tes. ,ture. W <: 1 — 1 o w o u xn U to Fh H French or Gen Algebra. Physiology. Ancient Histo French or Ger: Geometry. Natural Philo; Mythology. French or Ger Trigonometry. Geology. Mental Sclenc PoUtical Ecou' Constitution o United Sta Moral Science Englisli Litera Analytical Ge try. W W A 8 S a . lu.st. nch, or o .a" u a . .f Chrls- erature. m. D O rgil. gebra. tany. eek, Fre German. vy or Sal ometry. emistiy. eek, Fre German. letoric. citus. gic. ology. eek, Fre German. idenceso tianity. Iglish Lit tronomy. t Criticis Q Ed •-■— c t. c8 O » i. P- C !C S- .J CO XKO iJOoO .afl O r-iSoS J O 1 Virgil. Algebra. Physiology. Greek, Fre German. Cicero's Ora Geometry. Natural Phi phy Greek, Fre German. Horace. Trignometr Mental Scie Greek, Fre German. Political Ec Constitutioi United S Moral Scieri English Lit U > •KCVHHSaHJ ■aHOKOHciog iioiNnf •noi.Kiag 10 cmciisrNATi wesleyan college. ENGLISH COURSE. "While the College claims to bestow special attention upon the teaching of foreign langanges, the Eiiglisli language and its literature are by no means neglected. With a view to supplying a very general lack in the education of our young people, the College has established an English Course in which Anglo Saxon and Englisli are the only languages studied. By this arrangement not only a knowledge of the general principles of inflected languages ma}' be imparted, but more time may also be devoted to English literature and history than in the other courses. It is, however, not intended to supersede either the Classical or Scientific, but ratlier to enable those wishing to make a specialty of their mother-tongue not only to acquire a thorough general education, but like- wise to secure the diploma of the College. SPECIAL COURSES. Those who desire to make a specialty of certain depart- ments of study can be accommodated; and those who are preparing to teach will receive thorough training with reference to that profession. COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTS AND BUSINESS. Any young women who desire to prepare themselves for business as book-keepers, clerks, or copyists, can avail them- selves of the privilege of this department. In order that the graduates may have correct views of the general laws of business, lectures are delivered before each class on Commer- cial Jurisprudence and Commercial Ethics. Those who take the special courses can also attend these lectures. COURSE OF READING. As a supplement to the study of English literature by text-book, a course of reading has been carefully arranged, with reference to the wants of advanced students. Written or oral abstracts of these readings arc required to be pre- CINCINNATI WESLEYAN COLLEGE. 11 sented at regular intervals to the teacher in charge of the de2:)artment. The course inchides some one work, or, in some cases, more than one, in its entirety, from each of the following authors: Longfellow, Whittier, Bryant, Dickens, Thackeray, Hawthorne, Prescott, Irving, Macaulay, Words- worth, Scott, Cowper, Goldsmith, Pope, Addison, Bunyan, Milton, Shakespeare, Spenser, and Chaucer. Besides this, it is the design of the school to give direc- tion to the reading of all its members, to exert a formative influence upon their tastes, and to lead them, by successive stejjs, np to the appreciation of the thoughts and creations of the liTcatest and wisest of men. Interior of Art-room. ACADEMY OF DESIGN. Miss Mary W. Kichardson, Principal. The art-room has a height of eighteen feet, is forty-two feet in length, and twenty -five feet in width, with north, east, and west lights, and sky-lights. The design is to develop in the pupils real art talent, independence of eff'ort, and skill in the selection and combination of excellencies in their work. 12 CINCINNATI WESLEYAN COLLEGE. COLLEGE OF MUSIC. Karl Barus, Dean. This dci^artmcnt has~ been revised upon a basis which recognizes an ethical and intellectual clement in music. It is the aim of the Faculty to make at least an approximate interpretation of the thought l^'ing bcj'ond the composer's expression no less an essential to musical fitness than accu- rate and skillful execution. To this end, a course of musical literature w\\\ tliread through the more solid and complex technical study, bringing with it the incitement of a pervad- ing personality, needed as a complement to a science which must always remain, to a great extent, abstract, because only perfected through mathematical precision. The differ- ent musical schools are taken up in chronological order, the life of each comjjoser considered individually, with equal reference to its social and aesthetic relations, and the pupil familiai-ized with his works through piano recitals. A scries of classical soirees form a resume of the literary and critical work in the department during the year. It has been impossible to find any one book which meets the de- mands of an extended course of study. The works chiefly depended upon are: Helmholtz, Elterlein, Saweis, Thibaut, ScJmmann, Nohl, Reissmann, Schindler, Weitzmann, Biirney, Busby, Marx, HausUck, TyndalL Wagner, Lobe, Behn, Haupt- viann, and Emil Haumann. The principal works used in the pi-actical department are those of Czerny, Kullak, Heller; the easier productions of Mozart, Haydn; a few of Beethoven; Gradus ad Parnassum,C\GViX(i\ii\-Tii\\&\i;; Octave-school,K\i\\'Ak-, Etudes, Cramer Billow; daily studies, Tausig Ehrlich. Much stress is placed upon scale-practice as the great help to facile and even finger movement, and a good standard maintained for pupils in Harmony. APPARATUS. A judicious selection of apparatus, sufficient to illustrate the leading principles of natural philosophy, chemistry, and CINCINNATI WESLEYAN COLLEGE. 13 astronomy, has been made, and will be increased as circum- stances shall require. LECTUEES. Lectures are delivered by the president upon political economy and philosophy, and by Professor Super upon an- cient and modern classics. Literary and religious lectures are delivered during the j-ear by eminent professors, clergymen, and Christian worlcers of both sexes, and familiar lectures b}^ the professors in the various departments. LIBKAKY. There is a valuable library, of several hundred choice volumes, to which the pupils have access. EEADING-KOOM. The reading-room of the College— twenty-five feet by six- teen — is furnished with every regard to comfort and elegance. Its supply of reading-matter includes most of the prominent political and religious journals of this country, the leading magazines, educational, scientific, and literar}-; the best journals of music and art, together with all the most impor- tant of the English quarterlies. It is believed that this College is 8ecH)nd to none of the numerous schools for young women, in the amount of money expended in providing for its stu- dents the choicest selection of periodical literature. SOCIETIES. There are two flourishing literary societies — the Lyceum and Cincinnati um. The Ljcciim was founded in 1841:, and is believed to be the oldest literary society connected with a ladies' college in the United States. It has a large and hand- somely furnished hall, and has upon its record the names of six iiundred and eighty-nine retired and active members. The Cincinnatium was organized in 1870, has a pleasant and well-furnished hall, and numbers one hundred and forty -two retired and active members. 14 CINCINNATI WESLEYAN COLLEGE. There is also a missionaiy society, auxiliary to the Woman's Foreig-n MissioiKuy Society. IL has moiiihlj- meet- ings, ami an anniversary in April. DEGREES. In 1842, by an Act of the Legislature of Ohio, the trustees were empowered to confer the degree of M. E. L. (Mistress of English Literature) upon all who coni))letc the prescribed English Coarse of study ; and M. C. L. (Mistress of Classical Literature) upon tliose who take, in addition to tlie Eiiglish Course, the ancient languages, or Latin and French or German. In 1868, by an Act of the Legislature of Ohio, the trustees were empowered to confer the degree of B. A. (Baccalaureate in Arts) upon those completing the Classical Course, and B. S. (Baccalaureate in Science) upon those completing the Scien- tific Course, and the degree of A. M. in cursu, upon evidence of i^rogress in literary pursuits and tastes. EXPENSES. Per Semester — N"ineteen Weeks. Board, use of furnlslied room, fuel, lights, and washing — one dozen pieces per week, $115 00 Tuition — Primary Department, 20 00 " Academic Department, 40 00 '' Collegiate Department, 50 00 Extra Expenses per Seme.ster. Lessons on the Piano in Preparatory Department, two per week, $30 00 Lessons " " Academic " " " 40 00 Lessons " " Normal " " " 50 00 Lessons " Organ, " " 50 00 Lessons in Special Vocal C^ulture, " " 50 00 Reading-room and incidental fee, 2 00 Tuition in French, 15 00 Oil Painting, three lessons per week, . . . . . 30 00 Water Colors, " " " 30 00 Photograph Painting, in Water or Oil, 3 lessons per week, . 30 00 Perspective Drawing or Crayon Drawing, 3 lessons per week, 30 00 Pencil Drawing and Sketching, 3 lessons per week, . . 20 00 CINCINNATI WESLEYAN COLLEGE. 15 DOMESTIC COMFOKT. The domestic comfort of the College is desei-ving of marked attention. All the appoiiitmcnls of a generously supplied home are here to be found. The private rooms of students are furnished with every thing necessary to comfort, are thoroughly warmed, and in all respects arc delightfully home- like. The dining-room is on the main floor, and is cheerful and attractive. The tables are uniformly sup])lied with most wholesome, palatable food, and served in a manner de- signed to educate young ladies in the proprieties of life while contributing to their physical and social enjoyment. There is not, in the whole domestic management, a single exception to the munificence which is, confessedly, its- characteristic. ^^lili'I'ltlrr': iNTisiuoR OF School-room. RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION. The College is conducted on a positively Christian basis. Daily religious exercises are held in each school-room, be- sides general services in the chapel. For the boardei-s, fam- ily worship is observed regularly. On Sabbath ntorning 16 CINCmNATI WESLEYAN COLLEGE. they attend Church in the city, wherever tlieir parents may designate; in the afternoon, Sunday-school, and at night, appropriate and interesting services in the College building. THE ALUMNA. The graduates of the College have an active and efficient alumnal ox'ganization. Anniversary exercises are held each year in connection with the commencement, and a beautiful alumnal volume is published once in two years. In 1845, the first Senior Class, consisting of six young ladies, received the honors of the College. The alumnas now number four hundred and sixty-two; besides, there are more than three thousand educated women, North, East, South, and West, who were trained within its walls. €;ultura nostra salus. DENISON UNIVERSITY, GRANVILLE. The institution now known as Denison University was first organized at Granville, Licking county, Ohio, December 13th, 1831. It was incorporated by act of the Ohio Legisla- ture, February 3d, 1832, under the name of the ^' (jranvUle Literary and Theological Institution.^^ By an act of January, 1845, the name was changed to ^'■Granville College;^' and this again, under the general law of Ohio, was changed June 25th, 1856, to the name which the institution now bears. It was so named in honor of Wm. Denison, of Adamsville, Ohio, in accordance with an early vole of the Trustees that the first donor of $10,000 or more to the institution should have the privilege of naming it. Denison University may be said to have been the child of the Ohio Baptist P]ducation Society. At a meeting of this body, held at Lebanon, Ohio, in May, 1830, it was decided to take immediate steps for the establishment of a College. A committee was appointed to nominate twelve Trustees, and to receive bids for the location of the College. At the next annual meeting of the Society, held at Lancaster, in May, 1831, this committee presented their report. They nomi- nated as Trustees: John McLeod, Charles Sawyer, Luther Woods, Thomas Spelman, Jonathan Atwood, Jacob Baker, Allen Darrow, William Sedgwick, W. Thompson, Isaac Sperry, S. Carpenter, and B. Allen. These gentlemen wer(- duly elected. Of the number. Rev. Allen Darrow, now living at Sunbur}', Ohio, alone survives (.January, 1876). At this meeting applications for the location of the Col- lege were received from several diflferent towns and cities. Rev. Allen Darrow and M^-. Charles Sawver, in behalf of the 2 small Baptist Church and of citizens of Granville, made an offer of a farm property a mile and a half west of that town, valued at ^3,400. Manual labor schools were then consider- ably popular. This offer was accepted, and Granville deter- mined upon as the location of the College. At a meeting of the Ohio Baptist Education Society, held at Granville, October 1st, 1831, it was decided to add six to the number of Trustees already a23pointed, and the following gentlemen were accordingly elected: George C. Sedgwick, Daniel Shepardson, John Stevens, Sylvester Spelman, Geo. Jeffries, and Jacob Drake. Four months later, February 3d, 1832, a charter was ob- tained. This instrument limited the number of Trustees to eighteen, specified that the institution should be located at Granville, limited the annual income to 65,000, and gave power to confer the honors and degrees usually conferred by such institutions. No limitations were imposed as to the residence or religious creed of the Trustees. This charter received, from time to time, various modifications, by which the number of Trustees was increased to thirty-six, and the name changed as above stated. In 1867 the Board of Trustees was reorganized under the act of the General Assembly of the State of Ohio of April 9th, 1852, entitled "An act to enable the trustees of colleges, academies, universities, and other institutions for the pur- pose of promoting education, to become bodies corporate," and the acts amendatory thereto. By the articles of associ- ation adopted at this time, the University was "to be man- aged and controlled by thirty-six Trustees, to be chosen (exclusively from members in good standing and full mem- bership in regular Baptist churches in the State of Ohio, who shall hold their oHices only so long as they retain such membership, five, at least, to be resident free-holders of Lick- ing county. Granville, the seat of the College, is a village of 1100 in- habitants, situated near the center of Licking county— one of the central counties of the State. It is six miles west of Newark, the county seat, and twenty-eight miles east of Columbus, the capital of the State. Its nearest railroad station is Union, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, three and one-half miles south of the village. It is, however, sit- uated upon the line of the Atlantic and Lake Erie Railroad, upon which it is expected that trains will be running before the end of the year 1S76. As already stated, the College was at first located on the farm west of Granville village. The property, when purchased, consisted of two hundred acres of land, with the usual farm buildings. The mansion-bouse was almost immediately enlarged for the use of the school at an expense of $2,300 It was, however, but just finished when it was destroyed by fire. It Avas immediatel}' rebuilt at an expense of $6,000, and was entered December 17, 1882 It was three stories high, 82 feet b}- 30, with a wing 44 feet by 20. Soon after, another building was erected at a cost of ?5,000. This location was afterwards deemed an unfavorable one, and the College was accordingly removed in 185() to its present location. The site selected contains twenty-four acres, located upon a hill north of the village, about one- fourth of a mile from the public square. The rear of the grounds is covered with a grove of old forest trees. Upon this site there was erected in 1856 a frame building 32 by 70 feet, three stories high, containing single rooms capable of accommodating forty students. At the same time there was erected a brick building, four stories high, 133 feet long, 32 feet deep in the middle division, and 45 in the eastern and western divisions. This building contains thirty three suites of rooms, capable of accommodating sixty-six students, each suite consisting of a sitting-room 12 by 14 feet, a bed- room 8 by 11 feet, and two closets. It also contains four recitation rooms, varying in size from 14 by 20 feet to 14 by 42 feet, the University Library, two society halls, and the reading-room, each 14 by 42 feet, and two society libraries, 14 by 20 feet each. These two buildings proving insufficient fer the needs of the College, there was begun in 1868, and completed in 1871, a third building, similar to the one last named, but somewhat larger. It is of brick, four stories high, and 135 feet long. The western division is 45 feet deep, the middle 32, and the eastern 6Q. This building contains a chapel, 40 by 63 feet, and 24 feet high, a Natural History room, 14 by 63 feet, four recitation rooms, 14 by 28 feet each, and thirty-six suites of rooms similar to those in the other brick building, and furn- ishing accommodations for seventy-two students. The pres- ent value of these three buildings may be stated in round numbers about as follows : Frame building, S5,000; old brick building, S25,000; new brick building, $30,000. For financial support the University has been from •the first, as it is at present, dependent upon the voluntary con- tributions of men interested in Christian education. By far the larger part of its funds has come from the Baptist denom- ination of the State of Ohio. The ^o,4(X) necessar}' to pur- chase the original site was raised by the Baptist Church and citizens of Granville ; $2,300 more were needed immediately, to enlarge the building; $6,000 in the following year to replace the building destroyed by fire, and $5,000 soon after to erect a new building. These expenses involved the infant institution in debt. This Avas increased by interest and by the current expenses of the College. $7,000 were raised in the eastern States to liquidate this indebtedness. But not- withstanding all the efi^brts made for its payment, it had increased in 1843 to $15,000. In that year a determined effort was nuide for its liquidation, which was successful. On the acceptance of the Presidency by Dr. Bailey in 1846, an effort was made to raise ten thousand dollars ($10,000) as a presidential endowment fund-. From this, the first effort to raise a permanent endowment fund, there were realized about eight thousand doUars ($8,000), which began to bear interest in 1849. When, in 1853, the change of location spoken of above was determined upon, and it became neces- sary to erect new buildings, a great effort was made to raise by the sale of scliolarships an endowment and building fand. Subscriptions to the amount of eighty thousand dollars ($80,000) were secured. In consequence, however, of the financial crash of 1857, and the usual vicissitudes of such funds, only a small part of these subscriptions ever became productive. Almost the whole of what was thus realized, viz., about twent^^-five thousand dollars, was expended in the erection of the frame building, and the older of the two brick buildings still in use. In 1863 the estimated value of the property of the Univer- sity was fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), namely : nearly forty thousand dollars ($40,0(X)) fixed property, and a little over ten thousand dollars ($10,000) productive endowment. The sources of income up to this time had been receipts for tuition, which, in the earlier years, were very nearly suf- ficient to pay current expenses; gifts, an agent being em- ployed for a part of the time; and, since 1849, the interest on a small endowment fand. In 1863 a determined and effective effort was made towards an adequate endowment. As the result of this effort, after four years (in June, 1867,) a fund somewhat exceeding one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) was placed in the hands of the Board of Trustees, just then reorganized. In this work, E. Thresher, LL.D., of Dayton, was the prime mover, ultimately giving one-tenth of the amout himself. One who knows the facts and understands the whole case bears this testimony: "The man to whom, under God, the credit is due of rea-stiring the permanent existence of Denison Uni- versity, and of securing the endowment, is our venerable and beloved brother, E. Thresher." In 1868, when a new building was needed, voluntary con- tributions suj^plied the necessary funds. Almost the entire amount required, viz., thirty-two thousand dolhirs (832,000) was raised without tlie employment of an agent, or any expense whatever, except a small amount for traveling. During the summer of 1873, seventy-five thousand dollars ($75,000) were added to the one hundred thousand dollar endowment fund previousl}^ raised. To give a full list of the benefactors of the University would be impossible. Prominent, however, among the con- tributors to the two endowment funds last named should be mentioned: E. Thresher, LL.D., E. E. Barney, and W. P. Huffman, of Dayton; Geo. F. Davis and J. H. Tangeman, of Cincinnati; J. M. Hoyt, LL.D., H. Chisholm, and J. D. Rocke- feller, of Cleveland, and Geo. Cook, of Canton. The largest amount given by any one man was thirty thousand dollars ($30,000), the gift of E. E. Barney. The property now owned ,by the University, including endoAvment fund, site of twenty- four acres, three buildings, libraries, cabinets, apparatus, etc., is valued at $300,000. In its first conception, the immediate leading object of the institution was to educate ministers for the Baptist churches of Ohio and the neighboring States. The institution, though small in its beginning, was also expected, as soon as practi- cable, to become a College for general lil)eral education, fur- nishing the usual collegiate course of instruction to all such youth as should resort to it. It was at first designed to conduct the institution upon the manual labor plan. This plan, however, though a help to many students, proved to be too expensive, creating a con- stant draft upon the treasury, and was accordingly aban- doned in 1856. The establishment of a Theological Department was for many years a cherished plan of the Board of Trustees, towards which they were continually looking, though never fully attainino; it. Dr. Jonathan Going, during the time of his presidency, from 1S37 to 1844, devoted liis almost exclusive attention to this department of instruction. Later, in 1860, Rev. Marsena Stone, D.D., was appointed Professor of Theology; an effort was made to endow the chair, and a small sum raised for that purpose. The classes, however, were never large, and lat- terly a better apprehension of the needs of the denomina- tion in the State has led to the entire abandonment of any plans for theological instruction, the University devoting itself excluiiively to the work of a College proper. The University, though under the control of the Baptist denomination, is not sectarian, and does not teach denomi- national dogmas. The prevailing tone and spirit of the College is, however, decidedly Christian. Chapel service?, conducted by members of the Faculty, are held once each day, attendance upon which is obligatory. Religious meetings are held in the College each week, attendance upon which is voluntary. The Universit}', as at present organized, sustains two depart- ments, the Collegiate and the Preparatory. These two depart- ments are under the control of the same Board of Trustees, and occupy, for the present, the same buildings. Plans are maturing for locating the Preparatory Department in a building by itself, and securing for it, in every way, a more independent and solid foundation. The instruction in this department, however, even now, it is believed, is not sur- passed in thoroughness and accuracy by any given in this country. The Faculty of the Collegiate Department is composed of seven regular members — the President (who is also Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy), the Professor of the Greek Language and Literature, the Professor of the Latin Lan- guage and Literature, the Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature, the Professor of the Natural Sciences, the Profes- sor of Mathematics and Natural Philoso^jhy, and an Adjunct Professor of Languages. The Faculty of the Preparatory Department consists of three members — the Principal (who is also the Adjunct Pro- fessor of Languages in the College Department), the Classical Tutor, and the Mathematical Tutor. The Collegiate Department offers two courses — the Classical course, extending through four years, and the Scientific course, extending through three years. The Preparatory Department offers three courses — the Class- ical course of three years, designed to prepare students for the Classical course of the Collegiate Deparlment; the Scien- tific course of two years, designed to prepare students for the Scientific course of the Collegiate Department; and the* English course, which furnishes instruction in the common English branches. Applicants for admission to either course of the Collegiate Department are required to pass an examination upon the studies of the corresponding course of the Preparatory De- partment. The following schedule shows the curriculum of study pursued in each course of the Preparatory Department: PEEPARATORY DEPARTMENT. CLASSICAL COUKSE. FIRST YEAK. Fall Term. — Latin, Natural Philosophy aiul Grammar, United States History. Wilder Term. — Latin, Greek, English Analysis. Spring Term. — Latin, Greek, Roman History. • SECOND YEAR. FaU Term. — Latin, Greek, Introductory Algebra. Winter Term. — Latin, Greek, University Alge])ra. Spring Term. — Latin, Greek, Rhetoric. THIUI) YKAll Fall Term. — Latin, Greek, Geometry. Whiter Term. — Latin, Greek, Geometry. S2)riii(j Term. — Latin, Greek History, Algebra. SCIEXTIFIC COURSE. FHiST YEAK. Fall Te)-m. — Latin, Natural Philosophy and Grammar, Introductory Algeln'a. JViiitcr T'erm. — Latin, English Analysis, Algebra. Spring Term. — Latin, Roman Historj', Rhetoric. t SECOND YKAK. Fall Term. — Latin, United States History, Geometr3% IVinter Term. — Latin, Physical Geography, Geometry. SpriiH/ Term. — Latin, Greek History, Algebra. The courses of study in the College Department are as fol- lows : Clamcal Courxe. — The Freshman Class begin the study of Latin with Livy, to which they devote twenty-eight weeks, the remainder of the year being given to Cicero, de Senectute and de Amicitia. In connection with Livy they take up the study of Roman History. In Greek, the first term of fifteen weeks is given to the Orations of Lysias and the An- alytical Syntax of the Greek Verb, the second and third terms to Homer's Iliad or Odyssey. In Mathematics, Alge- bra is completed in the first term, and Geometry in the sec- ond. Botany forms the third study of the spring term. The Rhetorical work consists of weekly exercises in Declama- tion and English Composition throughout the year. The Sophom(ire Class, in the department of Latin, spend eighteen weeks in the study of Horace, and eleven in that of Tacitus. In Greek, Demosthenes is read in the fall term, and Plato or Xenophon in the spring term. In Mathemat- ics, the fall term is given to Trigonometry, the winter term 10 to General Geometry and Calculus. Ten weeks are given to Zoology, eleven to Physiology, ten to Rhetoric, five to Ger- man, and during- the spring term the class listens to lectures on Modern History. The Rhetorical work consists of Dec- lamations, Essays, and Orations. The Jiinior Class complete the study of Latin with Cicero de Oratore, to which they devote fifteen weeks. Two terms are given to Greek Tragedies; two to Natural Philosophy, and one to Astronomy; one to Chemistry, and one to Logic. German occupies ten weeks, Rhetoric five weeks. The Rhet- orical work consists of Essays and Orations. The Senior Class give the fall term to the study of Intel- lectual Philosophy (combining the use of text-book and lec- tures), English Literature, Geology (ten Aveeks), and lectures upon the Sensibilities and Will (five weeks) ; the winter term to History of Philosophy, German (reading the present year, 1876, Schiller's Die Piccolomini), Moral Science; the spring term to History of Modern Civilization, Political Economy, Evidences of Christianity, and Butler's Analogy. The Rhetorical work consists of Essays and Orations. The Scientific Coune extends through three years. It in- cludes nearly a year and a half of Latin, a full year of French, and eighteen weeks of German. The course in Pare and Applied Mathematics is the same as that of the Classical course, with the addition of Surveying. One term is also given to each of the following studies : Botany, Zoology, Physiology, Geology, Chemistry, Science of Government, Political Economy, History of Civilization, Rhetoric, Logic, and Intellectual Philosophy. The aim of instruction in Denison University has from the first been to secure the highest accuracy and thorough- ness. Its re(|uirements of pupils are severe. It is entirely impossible to pass through any of its curricula without doing a large amount of severe intellectual labor. It is doubtful whether, in proportion to numbers, any other col- 11 lege in the land secures from its students as much real ont- la}^ of mental force as Denison University. This College proposes to advance its requirements for ad- mission up to a certain high limit, just as fast as the gen- eral grade of preparatory instruction in Ohio will permit. It has, however, no ambition to be a university in the Ger- man sense. It desires only to realize its present ideal, to be the perfection of an American Christian college. The degree of Bachelor of Arts is conferred upon those per- sons who have completed the Classical course, that of Bach- elor of Sciences upon those who have completed the Scien- tific course. The University library contains 8,500 volumes. This, combined with the society libraries, makes the whole num- ber of volumes available for use by the students a little over 11,000. The University library is now receiving constant increase from the Lilu-ary Contribution Fund of the Associa- tion of Alumni, designed to amount to an expenditure, for a term of years, of $1,000 annually. The library is open three times each week, five hours, for the use of members of the College classes. The Cabinet contains a choice collection of shells, and full series of specimens for illustration in Geology, Mineralogy, Zoology, and Archaeology. It is open daily to students and visitors. There are three literary societies connected with the Uni- versity — the Cdllopean and Franklm, composed of memljers of the Collegiate Department, and the Ciceronian, of the Pre- paratory Department. The Calliopean Society was founded in 1834. Its present membership is thirty-one. The society has a furnished hall and library-room, and a library of 1.700 volumes. The ini- tiation fee is $3.00, the annual dues $1.20. The Franklin Society was organized in 1843. Its present membership is thirty-two. This society has also a furnished 12 hall and library-roMii. Its library contains 1,800 volumes. The initiation fee is $3.00, the annual dues $1.20. These two societies publish a college paper, the ^^ Dcnvi' ladies. There is a large dining hall con- nected with tl)is building, where gentlemen are permitted to take their meals. Besides the rooms for young ladies, there are also rooms in this building for a Steward and family, and a Matron. The third building on the College grounds is the Presi- dent's house, a large two-story brick residence, erected at a cost of about $5,000. The total value of all the buildings now on the grounds is about $30,000. ENDOWMENTS AND SCHOLARSHIPS. The main part of the endowment has been given by individ- uals connected with the Reformed Church. The endowment now amounts to about $100,000, one- half of whiuh has been contributed, or rather paid, for scholarships of fifty and one hundred dollars. Some half dozen friends of the College hiive given $1,000 each to the endowment. Of the above mentioned endowment, about $00,000 arc now available; the remainder is given in the form of notes, payable at the death of the donors, without interest. In 1872 R. W. Shawhjin,of Tiffin, donated to the College G,000 acres of land in Missouri. Tiie College has not, as yet, received any income from this donation of land. PLAN OF EDUCATION. Heidelberg College was founded upon a broad and com- prehensive basis. The plan of its founders embraced five courses of study, viz: I. A Preparatory Course, embracing a period of two years. II. A Classical Course, embracing, as usual, a period of four years, and including all the studies usually taught in Colleges. III. A Scientific Course, embracing a period of three years and ada])ted to the wants of tlie great mass of practical men. IV. A Teacher's Course, or Normal Department, embrac- ing three years, designed to 'prepare young men and women for the profession of teaching with special adaptation to the wants of the Common School System of Ohio and the West- ern States. V. A Farmer's Course, embracing three years also, and including- a practical and thorough knowledge of the English branches, the Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Scientific Agriculture. The Teacher's and Farmer's Courses, as distinctive courses, were soon abandoned, because it was thought that the Classi- cal and Scientific Courses covered about the same ground fundamentaUif, and met the requirements of all classes of students sufficiently well. Normal instruction, however, is still given to all who desire it. THE CO-EDUCATION OF TPIE SEXES has been a prominent feature of Heidelberg College from the beginning. Young ladies are allowed to pursue either of the established courses of study, and to recite in the classes with the gentlemen. The experiment has proved that the joint education of the sexes can be maintained and carried out with the most satisfactory results. The presence of the opposite sex in the recitation room seems to exert a heathful and stimulating influence upon both young men and ladies. The ladies have generally pursued the Scientific or English course. Some have pursued and excelled in the Classical Course. The first young lady graduate of the Classical Course was Miss Florence Crouise, who graduated in 1865. THE COURSES OF STUDY now laid down and required in the College proper are the following : THE CLASSICAL, COURSE, which embraces four years, as follows : FRESHMAN CLASS. FALL SESSION. 1. Latin— Virgil's Ji^neid and Latin Composition Chase 2. Greek — Xeuophon's Analiasis Owen 3. jNIathematies — Higlier Algebra Loom is 4. Classical Antiquities Fiske 5. Physical Geography Mitchel 6. Elocution Kidd 7. German* WINTER SESSION. 1. Latin — Virgil's ^neid and Latin Composition Chase 2. Greek— Homer's Iliad , Owen 3. Mathematics — Higher Algebra Loomis 4. Ancient Hisfory and Geography Bloss 5. Biblical Antiquities Nevin G. Lectures on Biblical History 7. Elocution Kidd 8. German* SPRING SESSION. 1. Latin — Livy and Latin Composition Lincoln 2. Greek — Homer's Iliad Owen 3. Mathematics— Plane Geometry Loomis 4. Biblical Antiquities Nevin 5. Lectures on Biblical History 6. Botany Wood 7. Elocution Kidd 8. German* Studies marked thus '■' .are optional. SOPHOMOEE CLASS. FALL SESSION. 1. Latin — Livy Lincoln 2. Greek— Herodotus Harper's Text 3. Mathematies — Solid Geometry and Conic Sections Loomis 4. History of Greece Smith 5. Botany Wood 6. Composition Quackenbos 7. German* WINTER SESSION. 1. Latin — Horace's Odes Harper's Text 2. Greek — Herodotus Harper's Text 3. INIathematics — Plane Trigonometry and Mensuration. ..Loomis 4. History of Greece Smith 5. Zoology Agassiz and Gould G. Composition Quackenbos 7. German* SPRING SESSION. 1. Latin— Horace's Satires Harper's Text 2. Greek — iEschinesde Corona Champlin 3. Matliematics— Surveying, Leveling, Navigation and Spherical Triironometry Loomis 4. History of the Middle Ages ..Hallem 5. Pliysiology Dalton 6. Composition Quackenbos 7. German* JUNIOR CLASS. FALL SESSION. 1. Latin — Tacitus de Germania. Anthoh 2. Greek — Demosthenes de Corona Champlin 3. Mathematics — Analytical Geometry Loomis 4. Psychology Ranch 5. Rlietoric Coppee 6. Modern History Lord 7. Orations 8. German* Studies marked thus •■' are optional. WINTER SESSION. 1. Latin — Tacitus' Annals Antlion 2. Greek — .Eschylus' Prometheus Vinctus Oxford Edition 3. Matbennatics— Differential and Integral Calculus Loomis 4. Inorganic Chemistry You man 5. Philosophy of History 6. Psychology Porter 7. Logic Beck 8. Orations 9. German* SPRING SESSION. 1. Latin — Cicero de Oratore Kingsley 2. Greek— Sophocles' CEJipus Tyrannus Oxford Text 3. Mechanics! Olmsted 4. Integral Calculus Loomis 5. Logic Thomson 6. Philosophy of History 7. Inorganic Chemistry Youmau 8. Oiations 9. German® SENIOR Ci.ASS. FALL SESSION. 1. Latin— Cicero de Offlciis Thatche 2. Greek— Plato's Gorgias AVoolsey 3. Moral Philosophy Alexander 4. History of English Literature Shaw 5. Geology and Mineralogy Dana 6. Physics Olmsted 7. Orations 8. German , WINTER SESSION. 1. Latin— Cicero de Offlciis Thacher 2. Astronomy Loomis 3. Political Economy Perry 4. Moral Philosophy' Haven 5. History of English Literature Shaw 6. Geology Dana Studies marked thus '■' are optional. 7. History of Philosophy Schwegler 8. Studies in English DeVere 9. Orations 10. German ^ SPRING SESSION. 1. Greek Testament Spencer 2. Astronomy Loomis 3. Evidences of Christianity Barrows 4. .Esthetics Bascom 5. Astronomy Loomis 6. History of Philosophy Schwegler 7. Orations 8. German SCIENTIFIC COURSE, EMBRACING THREE YEARS, AS FOLLOWS : FRESHMAN CLASS. FALL SESSION. 1. Higher Algebra Loomis 2. Analysis Greene 3. Descriptive Astronomy Steele 4. History of Greece Smith 5. Piiysical Geography Mitchell 6. Elocution Kidd 7. Latin * 8. German" WINTER SESSION. 1. Higher Algebra Loomis 2. Analysis Greene 3. Biblical Antiquities Neviu 4. Lectures on Biblical History 5. Ancient History and Geography Bloss 6. Natural Pliilosophy Steele 7. Elocution Gi'eeue 8. Latin" 9. German* Studies marked thus '■' aro optional. SPRING vSESSION. 1. Plane Geometry Loomis 2. Botany Wood 3. History of the Middle Ages Hallam 4. Biblical Antiquities Nevin 5. Lectures on Biblical History 6. Analysis Greene 7. Elocution Kidd S. Latin® 9. Gernaan •■ SOPHOMORE CLASS. FALL SESSION. 1. Psychology Ranch 2. Solid Geometry and Conic Sections Loomis 0. Botany Wood 4. Rhetoric Coppee 5. Modern History Lord 6. Composition Quackenbos 7. German ■■ WINTER SESSION. 1. Psychology Haven 2. Logic Beck 3. Plane Trigonometry Mensuration Loomis 4. Philosophy of History Lord 5. Zoology Agassiz and Gould tj. Inorganic Chemistry Youman 7. Composition Quackenbos s. German* SPRING SESSION. 1. Logic .• Thomson 2. Surveying, Leveling, Navigation and Spherical Trigo- nometry Loomis 3. Philosophy of History Lord 4. Physiology Dalton 5. Physics Olmsted 6. Organic Chemistry Youman 7. Composition Quackenbos 8. German* ..• Studies marked thus ■■ are optional. SENIOR CLASS. FALL SESSION. 1. Moral Philosophy Alexander 2. History of English Literature Siiaw 3. Analytical Geometry® Looniis 4. Physics Olmsted 5. Geology aud Mineralogy Dana 6. Orations WINTEPv SESSION. 1. INIoral Philosopliy Haven 2. Political Economy Perry 3. History of English Literature.... Shaw 4. History of Piiilosopliy Schwegler 5. Differential Calculus Loomis 6. Geology Dana 7. Studies in English DeYere 8. Orations SPRING SESSION. 1. Evidences of Christianity Barrows 2. Esthetics Bascom 3. Astronomy Loomis 4. History of Pliilosophy Schwegler 5. Integral Calculus Loomis G. German 7. Orations ■"The student can take either Mathematics or German. DEGREES. Bachelor of Arts. — The degree of Bachelor of Arts is con- ferred on tliose students who have completed the regular Classical Course of study, aud have stood an approved exam- ination. Bachelor of Science. — This degree is conferred on those who have completed, in a satisfactory manner, the Scientific Course, and have stood an approved examination. The Graduation Fee in the-^ase of each student, in either of the courses of study, is five dollars. The degree of Master of Arts is conferred at the end of three years, on such graduates in the Classical Course as apply for it and give evidence of having made commendable progress in their studies, and maintained a good moral char- acter, on the payment of" a fee of five dollars. The degree of Master of Science is conferreil upon gradnates in the Seienlific Course upon the same terms. RELIGIOUS IXFLUEXCES. No sectarian instruction is required or given by the Col- lege. But as a complete education includes a full develop- ment of all the powers of man — moral, intellectual and physical, it is a main object of this institution to conduct every course of study in such a si)irit as will contribute directly to the moral and religions training of all the stu- dents. The institution is o[>ened every morning with an appropriate religious exercise, conducted by one of the Pro- fessors, which all the students are required to attend, uidess excused by request of their parents or guardians. The stu- dents are also required to attend public woiship in the College Cha{)el on Sunday, unless excused. PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT. From the beginning there has been a preparatory depart- ment connected with the College. It has been, and is still, conducted by the Professors of tiie C(»llege with the assistance of competent tutors, as one of the dc[)artments of the insti- tution. This departmeut embraces a course of two years' study, as follows : Junior Year. Fall Session— Intellectual and Practical Arithmetic; Geo- g-raphy; English Grammar (Greeue) ; Composition (Quackenbos' First Lesson) ; renmanship. Winter Session-— I^atin Grammar (Harkness) ; [ntellectual and Practical Arithmetic; Geograpliy; English Grammar (Greene), Composition (Quackenbos' l-'irst Lessons) ; Penmanship. Spring Session— Latin Grammar and Reader (Harkness) ; In- tellectual and Practical Arithmetic ;. Geography ; English Gram- mar (Greene); Composition (Quackenbos' First Lessons). Senior Y((ii\ Pall Session — Greek (Harkness); J^atin Grammar iHarkness); Algebra; Analysis (Greene); Descriptive Astrononiy; Composition and English Exercises. Winter Session— Greek (Harkness) ; Latin Grammar ( Hark- ness), and Ofesar's Commentaries; Analysis (Green); Algebra; Natural Philosophy ; Comi)ositiOn and English Exercises. Spring Session — Xenophon's Anabasis; C:esar's Commenta. ries ; Analyses (Greeue) ; Algebra; Natural Philosophy ; Compo- sition. Scientifie Course the same, excepting Latin and Greek. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. There is also nominally connected with the College, and located upon the same premises, a theological seminary known as Heidelberg Theological Seminary, which, however, has a separate organization and its own Board of Trustees. Its sessions and vacations correspond with those of the College, and its course of study embraces a period of two and three- fourth years. Instruction in Theology is communicated through the medium of both the English and German lan- guages. LIBRAEIES. The libraries of the institution contain about five thousand volumes, which, together with numerous pictures of Ameri- can authors and College Alumni, are kept in a large and nicely furnished library room. THE CABINET is kept in a room in the main edifice, well fitted for the pur_ pose, and contains many rare specimens of fossils, minerals, etc. The College has, as yet, no regular laboratory. Experi- ments, however, are made in the presence of the class by the Professor of Natural Sciences. The apparatus and fixtures employed in making experiments are worth about one hun- dred dollars. The cliemicals and other stock also about one hundred dollars. There is no observatory connected with the College. The classes in Astronomy have the privilege of making observa- tions, under the direction of the Professor of Astronomy, with the excellent telescope which belongs to the College. TilK TELESCOPE is mounted ii])on a tri])()d. It was made by Alvan Clark & Sons, of Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, in 1872, at a cost of four hundred and fifty dollars. Size, 5-inch aperture. Be- sides the telescope, the College is furnished with an excellent microscope, which cost one hundred dollars, an air pump, electrical machine, and much other apparatus for the illustra- tion of scientific j)rinci])les. METEOROLOGICAL. OBSERVATIONS are made by the Professor of Astronomy, and a record of them is sent to the War Department monthly, gratis,- as fol- lows: Record of temperature, amount of cloudiness, rainfall, de])th of snow and direction of wind. Three observations are made daily, viz: At 7 A. M., 2 P. M. and 9 P. M. THE COLLEGE FACULTY is at present constituted as follows : Rev. G. W. Williard, D. D., President, Professor of In- tellectual and Moral Philosophy, Logic and Evidences of Christianity. Rev. R. Good, A. M., Professor of the Natural Sciences. C. Hornung, A. M., Professor of Mathematics and Math- ematical Philosophy. O. A. S, Hursh, A. M., Professor of the Latin and Greek Languages. Charles O. Kne|)per, A. M., Alumni Professor of Belles Lettres, ^l^sthetics and History. Rev. H. Zimmerman, Professor of the German Language and Literature. C. D. Bogart, Instructor in Vocal Music. Advanced students in the College and students of the Theological Seminary, are employed as tutors, from time to time, as necessity requires. COLLEGE STATISTICS. The following; table shows the number of students in each class annually I'ruiu 1852, and also the number graduating each year: Preparatory Department. Undergraduates. oc Years. o s .2 "S 3 6 1853 15 8 7 9 20 16 80 67 124 120 101 116 105 151 137 156 110 96 117 83 78 124 106 61 81 78 53 59 62 33 82 86 104 98 55 61 5 16 17 31 15 8 13 9 4 12 10 8 15 9 4 4 2 6 7 15 5 5 1S54 11 7 12 5 8 6 5 5 4 2 1855 2 1856 5 1857 5 1858 5 1859 5 I860 17 12 5 1861 18 15 14 35 15 10 21 40 32 40 27 17 15 12 10 30 12 8 11 16 20 25 15 23 5 1862 4 1864 1 4 5 4 13 14 13 8 16 10 8 18 1 1865 4 1866 18G7 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 5 4 9 10 10 8 15 1873 29 17 9 1874 31 22 , 11 7 1875 50 23 11 18 Total 1,946 833 763 237 177 138 LITERARY SOCIETIES. There are, at present, three literary societies connected with Heidelberg College for the improvement of the Students in the graces of Composition, Oratory and Debate. The names and statistics of these societies are as follows: When Founded. No. of Volumes in Library. Expenses. Membership. NAMES. Initiation Fee. Annual Dues. 6 o PL, a o a to H Excelsior Heidelberg Delphian Sept. 18, 1851 April 15,1859 Nov 20 1870 1,424 675 30 $5 00 3 00 $2 25 2 25 1 50 36 30 20 383 243 70 THE COLLEGE PUBLICATIONS are its annual catalogue, occasional circulars, and the " Col- lege Times," a monthly periodical devoted to the interests of the College, and edited by students. In behalf of the Faculty, by O. A. S. HURSII, Professor of Latin and Greek. HILLSBORO FEMALE COLLEGE. Hillsboro Female College is successor to Oakland Female Seminary, which was organized the first Mon- day in May, 1839, by J. McD. Mathews, whose private entcr[)risc it was, and who was Principal during a [m-os- perons career of eighteen years. In 1857, the school was transferred to the College, of which he became President. In 18G0 ho resigned the Presidency, and Rev. W. G. W. Lewis was api)()inted President. In 18G3 Ilev. Henry Turner was appointed Presi- dent. In 1864 Rev. Allen T. Thompson was appointed Pres- ident. In 18G5 Rev. David Copeland was appointed Presi- dent. In 1872 Jos. McD. Mathews was reappointed President, and he still has charge in 1876. The Colle2:e is a lari>'e, liandsome brick building, ninety feet long by one hundred and twenty deep, three stories high. It is one of the best educational build- ings in Ohio. Parlors, halls, chajicl, bedrooms and reci- tation rooms are all spacious and comfortable. There is a library of seven or eight hundred volumes, most of which was transferred from the Oakland Seminary. It is called Oakland Library. Misses Etta Fultz and Sallie E. Mathews are Librarians. There is a good telescope, six feet long, five inches aperture, mounted on the roof of the College, which makes a good observatory. There are many specimens of shells and minerals, chemical and philosophical apparatus, electrifying ma- chine, air pump, galvanic hatteries, pneumatic cistern, &c., &c., kept in the library room, which answers for a laboratory. Hon. Jos. J. McDowell was President of the Board of Trustees of the Oakland Seminary, and S. E. Hibben, Esq., Secretary. J. H. Thompson, Esq., was President of the Board of Trustees of the College when first organized, and Jacob Sayler, Esq., Secretary and Treasurer. At present, 1876, Hon. John A. Smith is President of the Board of College Trustees, and James Reese, Esq., Secretary and Treasurer. The Sigourney Literary Society was organized more than thirty years ago in Oakland Seminary, and trans- ferred to the College in 1857. Miss Minnie Nettleton is President. Both Seminary and College have aimed to establish a high standard of female education, and to have the scholarship of their graduates equal to the best. They have educated many excellent teachers, and many esti- mable ladies now presiding over their own families. JOS. McD. MATHEWS, President H, F. C. HIRAM COLLEGE. BY B. A. HINSDALE, PRESIDENT. Hiram College is located at Hiram, Portage County, Ohio, three and one half miles from Garret tsville, on the A. & Gr. W. Railway. The following sketch of its history will be divided into appropriate heads. 1— FOUNDING OF THE ECLECTIC INSTITUTE. This Institute, like so many other educational foundations, had its origin in a religious movement. Between 1820 and 1830 the body of Christians called The Disciples, sometimes simply Cheistians, had its rise. As the body did not originate in any striking historical event, as a secession or an excision, but in general religious conditions, it is impossible to assign a def inite date. From the first, this movement took a strong hold of Northern Ohio, and especially of the Western Eeserve, where its following soon became large. At first the Disci- ples had no school of any sort, Bethany College, Bethany, W. Va., founded in 1841, being their oldest institution. As early as 1844-5, some of the Disciples of the Eeserve began to feel that they needed an institution of learning under their immediate control ; which feeling rapidly became general and grew into a confessed want. Nothing, however, was done to supply the want until the year 1849. In the intervening years there had been a thorough discussion of the project, and a sub- stantial unanimity had been reached ; as is shown by the rapid- ity of the movement when once practical steps began to be taken. The first of these steps was taken by an informal meet- ing of representative men from several churches, held in Russell, Geauga County, June 12, 1849. This meeting was called at the suggestion of A. L. Soule, Esq., who was prominently connected with the enterjirises of the Disciples in Ohio a quarter of a cen- tury ago. The proposition to establish a school Avas unani- mously approved, and the secretary of the meeting was instructed to call, in its name, a convention of Church delegates, at which the views of a hirger number of people might be ascertained. Such a convention was held in Bloomfield, Trumbull County, in August of the same year, when the proposition was again ap- proved and a call issued for a second delegate convention, to be held in Ravenna in October. In Ravenna aims and plans were discussed. Some were in favor of establishing a college ; others favored a school of high but not of collegiate rank. After dis- cussion, the latter view prevailed, all the delegates acquiescing in the final decision. A third delegate convention, held in Aurora, November 7, located the school at Hiram. This was after a sijirited contest, Russell having ten votes to Hiram's seventeen on the last ballot. A fourth delegate meeting was held in Hiram, December 20, when a provisional board was elected and other necessary action taken. The Legislature, by special act, March 1, 1850, granted a charter which had been drawn up by Charles Brown, A. S. Hayden, and Isaac Errett, assisted by Judge Leicester King, of Warren. May 7 following, the Board of Trustees organized under this charter. The same summer, near but a little south of the crest of the water- shed dividing the waters of the Lake from those of the Ohio, in the middle of an eight-acre enclosure that has since become one of the most beautiful campuses in the State, as it is by nature one of the most commanding, a substantial, commodious, and beautiful building, three stories high, with a front of eighty- four feet and a depth of sixty-four, was erected. In this build- ing, November 27, 1850, the new school went into operation. It was called The Western Reserve Eclectic Institute. Isaac Errett, then pastor of the Disciples' Church in Warren, suggested the name. Tlie leading promoters of the enterprise were Adamson Beiitley, Wm. Hayden, A. S. Hayden, A. L. Soule, Ebenezer Williams, W. A. Belding, A. B. Green, J. P. Eobison, George Pow, Isaac Errett, Charles Brown, Symonds Ryder, Alvali Udall, Aaron Davis, J. H, Jones, Leicester King, E. B. Violl, M. J. Streator, Myron Soule, Benjamin Soule, W. A. Lillie, Zeb Rudolph, Anson Matthews, Alanson Baldwin, Wm. Richards, B. F. Perkey, J. A. Ford, Carnot Mason, and Kim- ball Porter. Most of these men were members of the Disciples' Church, fully one half being ministers. All of them were well known in Northern Ohio, and many of them had a much wider celebrity. Funds to purchase the grounds and build the building were obtained by individual and church subscriptions. At this distance it is impossible to tell what the first cost of the grounds, building, and furniture was. The Eclectic Insti- tute was built by a popular movement, and there were no donors to the funds in such amounts as to entitle them to particular mention. The heal thfuln ess of the locality, the morality and liberality of the community, and the existence there of a flour- ishing church, appear to have been the decisive considerations in locating the school at Hiram. At that time, it should be added, the railroad system of Ohio did not exist in fancy, much less in fact. 2.— AIMS OF THE INSTITUTE.— THE CHARTER. The aims of the School were both general and spec.al ; more narrowly they were these : (1) To provide a sound scientific and literary education. (3) To temper and sweeten such education with moral and scriptural knowledge. (3) To educate young men for the ministry. One peculiar tenet of the religious movement in which it originated, was impressed upon che Eclectic Institute at its or- ganization. The Disciples believed that the Bible had been in a degree obscured by theological speculations and ecclesiastical s}- s- tems. Hence, their religious movement was a revolt from the theology of the schools, and an overture to men to come face to face with the Scriptures. They believed, also, that to the Holy Writings belonged a larger place in general culture than had yet been accorded to them. Accordingly, in all their educational in- stitutions they have emphasized the Bible and its related branches of knowledge. This may be called the distinctive feature of their schools. The charter of the Eclectic Institute therefore de- clared the purpose of the institution to be : "The instruction of youth of both sexes in the various branches of literature and science, especially of moral science as based on the facts and precepts of the Holy Scriptures." What this special aim was, and how it has been realized, will be more fully stated under another head. Here follows an outline description of the ma- chinery provided by the charter for carrying forward the work proposed. The Act of Incorporation consists of seven sections. The first created George Pow, Samuel Church, Aaron Davis, Isaac Errett, Carnot Mason, Zeb Rudolph, Symonds Ryder, J. A. Ford, Kimball Porter, William Hayden, Frederick Williams, and A. S. Hayden, a body corporate and politic, by the name and style of the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, to be located in Hiram. It further invested these corporators with the power of perpetual succession, and limited the capital stock of the corporation to $50,000, to be divided into shares of $35.00 each, and to be used for no purpose other than education. Section second clothed the corporation with the usual powers in respect to buying, selling, and holding property. The third declared that the corporate concerns of said Institute should be managed by a Board of Trustees of not less than nine nor more than twelve men, any five of whom shall constitute a quorum; and invested them with the power to fill vacancies, to appoint the customary Board officers, to select teachers, and to exercise a general management over the affairs of the Institution. Section fourth provided that the President of the Board shall execute all contracts and seal them with the corporate seal. Section fifth provided for the election by the stockholders of a Board of Trustees so soon as 17,000 was subscribed to the capital stock, limiting the electoral power of the stockholders by this provision: "Provided that no stockholder shall have more than four votes for $100, six votes for $200, seven votes for $300, and eight votes for $400 or more," It provided, also, that no one should vote on stock not paid up. One third of the Board, after the first election, were to be elected each year. The sixth section provided for annual meetings of the stockholders to elect trustees, but said a failure to elect should not work the dissolution of the corjDoration. The last section gave the Board power to make by-laws for the government of the Institution, and to prescribe the mode of transferring the stock. As it is an open question how College Boards of Trustees should be elected, it is proper to add that, in Hiram, the stockholders' plan has always worked well. 3.— THE ECLECTIC INSTITUTE AT WORK. The Board of Trustees, July 17, 1850, chose A. S. Hayden, a preacher of culture, who had been connected with all the preliminary movements. Principal of the Institute. His principal associate in the faculty, at first, was Thomas Munnell, an alumnus of Bethany College, since more widely knoAvn as a preacher and the Secretary of the Ceneral Missionary Society of the Discij^les. More help being" needed, Mr. C. D. Wilber, since well known in the West as a geologist, and Miss Almeda A. Booth,* well known in Ohio as an elegant scholar and an accom- jDlished teacher, were called to the assistance of Mr. Hayden and Mr. Munnell. Mr. Hayden taught Moral Philosophy and Sacred History; Mr. Munnell, Ancient Languages and History; Mr. Wilber, Natural Sciences; Miss Booth, English Studies at first, later, both Mathematics and Languages. In the Fall of 1851, Mr. Norman Dunsliee, an alumnus of Western Reserve College now Professor of Mathematics in Oskaloosa College, Iowa, was called as teacher of Mathematics and Modern Languages. Changes in the corps of instructors were somewhat frequent. *Since the above words were written, this estimable lady and accomplished teacher has passed to her reward. She came to Hiram in the spring of 1851, and remained in active service, except one year spent in Oberlin College, until Commencement, 1866— in all, forty-three terms. She came to Hiram as a teacher of English Studies, but soon became Principal of the Ladies' Department. She excelled in teaching English Studies, and also Languages and Mathematics. Her power over students was very great, and her death is lamented by thousands. After leaving Hiram, she served several years in the public schools of Cuyahoga Falls. It is no exaggeration to say that in Northern Ohio no lady teacher has surpassed Miss Booth, taking into account length of service, number of pupils taught, uniform success, and strength of personal iufluence. In the catalogue for tlie year 1852-3, appear the names of Amaziah Hull, now Professor of Languages in Oskaloosa College, and J. A. Garfield, since so well known in the military and political service of the country; the first as teacher of Mathe- matics and Sciences, the second as teacher of English Studies and Ancient Languages. S. S. Hillier, now an attorney in New York, appears in two or three early catalogues. A little later, the names of H. W. Everest, now Professor of Natural History in Kentucky University, Lexington, Ky., and J. H. Rhodes, now an attorney in Cleveland, both prominent teachers, appear; the first in the department of Mathematics and Science, the second as a teacher of Mathematics and Languages, as well as of English branches. The names of other teachers whose work need not be described, since they were less permanent, scattered through seventeen years, are Mrs. Phoebe Drake, Laura A. Clark, Calista 0. Carlton, Sarah Udall, and J. B. Crane. Other instructors who served for a brief period or in subordinate positions, are passed by for want of space. Provision was made for teaching Music, Drawing, and Penmanship. J. W. Lusk and the Spencers, father and sons, were for many years em- ployed as teachers of penmanship. The learned T. E. Suliot served as an instructor for a time. In 1857, Mr. Hayden resigned the Principalship, and was succeeded by J. A. G-arfield. The Institution, which had been very prosperous under Mr. Hayden's administration, now reached a still higher degree of prosperity. Mr. Garfield won a wide popularity as a teacher, manager, and lecturer on general and scientific topics. His active connection with the School ceased in 1861, though liis name remained on the catalogue as acting or advising Principal three or four years longer. Erom 18G1 to the organization of the college, there were frequent changes in the head of the School. H. W. Everest, C. W. Heywood, A. J. Thomsonj and J. M. Atwater served for brief periods. After the School was fairly under way, most of the teachers were chosen from among those wlio had studied within its walls. Some of the instructors took high rank as teachers; a smaller number, a liigher rank in other callings. The tuition receipts were the only funds available to pay instruqtors. As might be supposed, salaries were so small as to be almost insig- nificant, and teaching was largely a labor of love. This fact goes a good ways towards explaining the frequent changes mentioned above. At the same time, all of the most prominent teachers remained a number of years, becoming completely identi- fied with the School and doing an amount of excellent teaching in the spirit of self-sacriiice that has never been properly appre- ciated but by the few. The Institute rose at once to a high degree of pojiularity. On the oijening day, eighty-four students were in attendance, and soon the number rose to two or three hundred per term. Students came from a wide region of country. Ohio furnished the larger number, but there was a liberal patronage from Cana- da, New York, and Pennsylvania; a considerable number came from the Southern States, and a still larger from the Western. These students differed widely in age, ability, culture, and wants. Some received Grammar School instruction ; others High School instruction; while others still pushed on far into the regular College course. Classes were organized and taught in the collegiate studies as they were called for ; Languages, Mathe- matics, Literature, Science, Philosojjhy, and History. No de- grees were conferred, and no students were graduated. After they had mastered the English studies, students were allowed a wide range of choice. The principle of election had free course. A course of study was published in the catalogue after the first year or two; but it was rather a list of studies taught as they were called for than a curriculum that students pretended closely to follow. Leave is taken of the Eclectic Institute with the remark, that it soon won and continued to hold a first place among Ohio schools of similar rank. 4.— ORGANIZATION AND WOEK OF THE COLLEGE. In the first part of this sketch, it has been stated that some of the founders of the Institution were in favor of establishing a college in the beginning. The proposition to re-organize it as a college was considered from time to time, until the Board decid- ed to take that ste]3. Acting under the statute of April 8, 1856, Avhich empowers seminaries of learning incorporated by general law or special act to change their name and become colleges, and after such change to confer the usual college degrees, the Board, February 30, 1867, changed the name of the Eclectic Institute, and clothed it with collegiate powers and resjjonsibili- ties. As Hiram had become widely and favorably known as the seat of the Institute, the name now chosen was Hiram College. It was believed that this action would add co the usefulness and influence of the School, and that a stronger financial basis could be secured thereby. Both of these expectations have been met. June 19, 1872, the Board, in pursuance of the statute for such cases made and provided, increased the number of trustees to twenty-four. Except the action of February 20, 1867, and June 19, 1872, the original Act of Incorpora ion has not been changed. It should be added that a convention of friends of the Institution, held in Hiram, June 12, 1867, endorsed the action by which it was made a college. The College began its work August 31, 1867. Instructors. Dr. Silas E. Shepard, A. M., well known as scholar and writer, now of Troy, Pa., was the first President. He resigned at the close of one year. J. M. Atwater, A. M., Professor of the Ancient Languages under President Shepard, now pastor of the Disciples' Church at Worcester, Mass., succeeded him. After two years service he resigned. The present President entered on the duties of the oJSice with the beginning of the College year 1870-71. He had previously taught several years in the Eclectic Institute, and had served one year in the College as Professor of History, Literature, and Political Science. A. M. Weston, A. M., since President of Eureka College, 111., was Professor of Mathematics in the years 1867 and '68. J. C. Cannon, A. M., was the Professor of the Ancient Languages for the year 1869. Amzi Atwater, A. M., had served in the same capacity for the year 1866. I. N". Demmon, A. M., now the Principal of the Ann Arbor High School, held the same position with great acceptance in the years 1870 and '71. W. S. Atkinson, A. M., was the efficient Profes- sor of Mathematics and Astronomy from 1870 to 1875 inclusive. Mr. 0. C. Hill, now a member of the Senior Class of Williams College, Mass., was several years honorably connected with the College as Principal of the Commercial Department. Misses L. M. Sackett and C. C. Miinson, as Avell as Mr. E. B. Wake- field, have all rendered valuable services. Hon. T. W. Harvey and Capt. Wm. Mitchell have given normal instruction. At present the Faculty is organized as follows : B. A. Hinsdale, A. M.— President, and Professor of Philos- ophy, History, and Biblical Literature. G-. E. Barber, A. M. — Professor of the Greek and Latin Lan- guages and Literatures. G. H. CoLTON", M. S. — Professor of Natural Science. CoLMAisr Bancroft, M. S. — Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy. A. J. Squire, M. D. — Lecturer on Chemistry and Philosophy. Mrs. Marietta Cuscaden. — Principal of the Ladies' Depart- ment. Mrs. Mary E. Hinsdale. — Teacher of Cerman. Mrs. J. C. Ellis. — Teacher of Listrumental Music. Mrs. p. B. Clapp. — Teacher of Penmanship.- Studies. The change in the name and rank of the Institution did not essentially change its aims and spirit. The work formerly done has gone on all the same. It was the addition of a College department to an academical and preparatory school. The announcement put forth in 1867 declared the aim of the College to be, " to furnish a course of training as thorough as any in the country;" " to bestow careful attention upon the classical languages;" and especially, " to give a fuller course them is com- mon in tliose hranches which are modern and national^ The last clause is emphasized because it describes a distinctive feature of the College. More than ordinary attention is paid to Historical and Political studies, particularly to those that bear upon the duties and rights of the American Citizen. Like most Ohio colleges, Hiram prepares most of her candidates for admission to her regular classes. The preparatory course to the Classical Course is divided into two years of three terms each. To enter the Junior Preparatory Class, students must have finished the common Ensflish branches and have studied Latin two terms. Tlie studies of the Preparatory Department are shown in the following table : Latin Reader, Latin Composition, First Greelv Book, Science of Government. Csesar, Latin Composition, First Greeli Book, History of the United States, Elocution. Sallust, Latin Composition, Xenophon's Anabasis, Greek Composition, Rlietoric. SENIOR. Cicero's Orations, Latin Composition, Xenophon's Anabasis, Greek Composition, Algebra. Virgil, Xenophon's Anabasis, Greek Composition, Alffebra. Virgil, Plato's Apology, Algebra. The studies of the Classical Course are shown in this table FRESHMAN. Livy, Homer's Iliad, Geometry. Horace's Odes and Epodes, Demosthenes De Corona, Geometry, Conic Sections. Tacitus, Botany, Trigonometry. Physics, Logic, English Literature. Physics, Rhetoric, Chemistry. Astronomy, Anatomy and Physiology, Constitution of the United States, Genuineness and Authenticity of the Gospels. SOPHOMORE. Surveying, American Political History, Cicero De Senectute, German. General Geometry and Differential Cal- culus, Outlines of History, German. SENIOR. Intellectual Science, History of Philosophy, Karnes' Elements of Criticism, French. Butler's Analogy, Political Economy, French Reader, Geology. SOPHOMOBE. SENIOR. Zoology, Moral Philosophy, Antigone, French Literature, German Reader. Petite Histoire du Peuple Frangais, History of Civilization. The Latin and Scientific Course, of five years including the preparatory year, differs from the Ckissical in these features: it adds Integral Calculus to the Mathemathics, subtracts two terms from the Latin, and omits all the Creek. The Scientific Course contains the same Mathematics as the Latin and Scientific, but neither Creek nor Latin. The Ladies' Course, of four years, contains six terms of Latin, and with the omission of the Creek, and two terms of Mathematics, does not otherwise vary from the Classical Course. Besides, there is a Teachers' Course of two years, and a Commercial Course of one year. Instruction still more elementary than is found in any of these Courses is fur- nished to those who need it. Considerable attention is paid to Normal Instruction. There are exercises in Composition, Decla- mation, and Elocution throughout the Courses. Frequent lec- tures are delivered in the Chapel to the Avhole body of students, on literary, scientific, and educational topics, as well as on general subjects of passing interest. Instruction is also given in Instrumental Music. Degrees and Dijjlomas. The degree of Bachelor of Arts is conferred upon Students who complete the Classical Course, and pass the examinations in the same. The degree of Bachelor of Philosophy is conferred upon Students who complete the Latin and Scientific Course, and pass the examinations. The degree of Bachelor of Science is conferred upon Students who complete the Scientific Course, and pass the prescribed examinations. The degrees of Master of Arts, Master of Philosophy, and Master of Science are conferred, respectively, upon Bache- lors of Arts, Bachelors of Philosophy, and Bachelors of Science, of three years' standing, who shall have been engaged during that period in professional, literary, or scientific pursuits. Diplomas are presented to all wlio complete any of the other Courses in the Institution, viz : Biblical, Ladies', Teachers', or Commercial. STUDEKTS CLASSIFIED. 03 Undergraduates. 5 o H i « Ph tn Students in all Yeak. ^ H K 03 Grades. S m CO « O o w o CO 10 03 o o ai M O 02 -^ PJ 1868 19 13 5 — — 308 1869 13 20 9 4 3 3 277 1870 8 14 19 7 2 2 278 1871 8 13 12 10 9 9 267 1872 6 20 4 9 8 8 302 1878 7 7 15 2 10 10 286 1874 10 9 3 10 4 3 235 1875 11 13 10 — 7 7 233 The Alumni, now forty-one in number, are mostly following- professional pursuits : the Law, the Ministry, or teaching. LITERARY SOCIETIES p; & R w P5 33 m P P o iz; U ■< H t— 1 ►J < Present OF Mi Olive Branch, (Ladies' Society.) — 1853 $ .50 $1.50 19 502 Delphic 1854 1855 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 21 29 521 Hesperian 474 A Young Men's Christian Asssociation was organized in 1868 — Annual Dues, 11.50. This Association supports a weekly Students' Prayer Meeting, and maintains a Library and Reading Room. It also provides for a yearly course of Public Lectures. Its total membership is one hundred and seven; the present, thirteen. Mention should also be made of the Arion Society, organized in 1874, devoted to the cultivation of Music. LIBRAKIES. fe o Pa K c O M W 73 !z W r^ " n H H q ^ 2 a s ta S P & S ^1 >^g fM ^> E-i O H College 1854 1857 1859 1869 850 790 617 271 Delphic HESPERLil^^S Y M C Association 2 528 The greater number of these volumes are of recent works, and they are in good condition. Property. — Endoivments. The building first erected has thus far answered the demands of the College. Originally of excellent construction, it is still in good condition. The grounds are also in good and tasteful order. There is a felt want of a Ladies' Hall, but if an effort now being made to raise the necessary funds is successful, this want Avill be supplied. A handsome beginning towards an en- dowment fund has been made. Two gentlemen deserve honor- able mention as donors to this fnnd ; Robert Kerr, of Marion, Ohio, who has endowed a Chair of Historical and Natural Science, and George A. Baker, of Cleveland, Ohio, who has endowed the Chair of Mathematics and Astronomy. Also the citizens of Hiram, who have endowed the President's Chair. A small bnt well selected and arranged mnseum should be men- tioned. The Building, Grounds, Apparatus, &c., are worth $25,000 The Endowments reach 65,000 Although the corjioration is a common stock company, only a small part of its projDerty is represented by stock ; say one- fifth. The College Year contains forty weeks, and is divided into three terms. Tuition in College studies is 130.00 per year. A scholarship calling for eight years' tuition is sold for $100.00. But few, however, have thus far been sold. 5.— SUMMARY. The rapid rise of the Eclectic Institute to popularity has been already remarked upon. In twenty-five years the Institute enrolled, counting by years, nine thousand students. How many different students have studied for longer or shorter periods in Hiram, can not be ascertained without too much labor ; but it is safe to say from five thousand to six thousand. Some of these remained only one or two terms ; many from two to four years ; while some have completed a course of study. The Eclectic Institute was a favorite training-school for Col- lege. Many of those who prepared here carried on their studies to the second and third, some to the fourth, year of the College course. A large number of students, without taking a com- plete course anywhere, have fitted themselves in Hiram for professional life. Notably is this true of school teachers. Many hundreds of excellent teachers have been sent to the army of educators. For more than twenty years a large number of schools, public, private, and academical, have been manned, in whole or in part, by Hiram-trained teachers. The special aims set forth in this history have been fully realized. Hiram Avas never intended to be a school of special training, and has never been a Biblical or Theological Semi- nary. Still a large number of preachers have hero been trained. Numerous are the positions of usefulness and responsibility occupied by this class of men. Special instruction in Biblical studies has always been furnished to those desiring it. The agencies employed are text-book instruction, Chapel lectures, and special courses of lectures delivered by members of the Faculty or by lecturers called in from abroad. At the same time, it has never been the aim to call in students desiring such instruction only, save for short courses of lectures ; but rather to prepare young men for the ministry by providing them with general culture supplemented by special studies. To these stu- dents, the leading tenets of the Disciples have been taught ; but all attempts to exercise over the body of the students a peculiar denominational influence have been carefully avoided. Before the latter the Biblical topics that are considered are such as these : The books of the Bible, their history, authority, characteristics, personages, etc. Nor has the attention paid to these subjects been found to take from the ability of students to carry on their regular work. The original charter, which has never been changed in this particular, defines the object of the corporation to be ''the in- struction of youth of both sexes." In Hiram the experiment of co-education has been successful. The education of youth is no doubt somewhat disturbed by what may be called the sexual differentiation, as most human activities are for that matter ; but the disturbance is no more where they are thrown together in the same school than when they are taught apart. On the other hand, co-education is attended by some positive advantages. In Hiram, however, ladies generally choose one of the shorter courses of study. With the Centennial, the Institution whose history is given above enters on its second quarter century of life. It has sur- vived a severe struggle with poverty. No other school in the State, it is believed, has put money to better advantage, or done more good work with the same cash expenditure. Such of its founders as have survived this quarter of a century, feel that their anticipations have been more than realized. They wrought under a religious impulse, but in no party or sect spirit. The thousands of students who have flocked to the school that they founded — coming from all churches and from no church — are the best proof of tlie spirit that these founders breathed into Hiram. In a late publication, the first Principal, speaking of its planting, says : " From this period the Institute has been before the eyes of the public, and its history is in the hearts of thousands of admiring students, who have from time to time enjoyed the benefits of its moral instruction and intellectual culture."* These students, scattered over the whole Union, are found in every walk of life, doing their share of the work of American society. This laborious and honorable history of a quarter of a century, is regarded as an element of power for the College's future work. * History of the Disciples in the Western Reserve, p. 266. ''*'*iil^^^^^^^^^^^ HISTOKICAL SKETCH OF TlIK AND K E.N YON COLLEGE. PREPARED BY Rev. WM. B. BODINE, A.M: The Legislative Acts which bear upon tliesc Institutions are tliree in number. The first was passed December iM)th, A. I). 1824 ; tliesecond, .January 24th, ]S2G ; the third, Marcli 10th, 1S30. By the provisions of tlie first act tlie Right Rev. Philander Chase, the Rev, Messrs. Roger Searle, Intrepid Morse, Ezra B. Kellogg and Samuel Johnston, and Messrs. Beza- leel Wells, William K. Bond, John Johnston and CiiAh . Hammond, and tlieir su'^cessors, were constituted a body Corpo- rate and politic by the name of the Tiieologicvvl Seminary OF the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio, and to tliis body as a Board of Trustees the care and man- agement of the Seminary and its estate and property were com- mitted.* The second act provided that the President and Professors of said Seminary should be considered as the Faculty of a College, and as such should have the power of conferring degrees in the Arts and Sciences, and of performing all such other acts as per- tain unto the Faculties of Colleges for the encouragement and reward of learning, and that the name and style by which the said degrees should be conferred, and the Certificates of Learn- ing given should be that of the " President and Professors of Kenyon College in the State of Ohio." * For the full text of this Act of Incorporation, see Journal of Coii- vontian of the Dioc«se of Ohio, A. D., 1874. By the third act, provision was made for the establisliment of a College, and Halls for Preparatory Education, the power of conferring degrees in the Arts and Sciences was committed to the President and Professors of Kenyon College, and the power of conferring degrees in Theology given to tlie President and Professors of the Theological Seminary. The founder of the Tiieo logical Seminary of the Protest- ant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio and Kenyon Col- lege, was the Right Rev. Philander Chase, D.D., the lirst Bishop of the Church in Ohio, and the pioneer Bishop of the West, a man of great energy and extraordinary force of charac- ter. Before coming to Ohio he was comfortably settled in Hart- f jrd. Conn., but he had in him the spirit of a conqueror, and he fv^lt that he must move to the "regions beyond." So he left Hartford March 8d, A. U. 1817, "not for a more wealthy and opulent parish, but literally for the Wilderness, under the pa- tronage of no missionary or other associated body of men, for then there were no such in being, but dei)ending on his own limited means, under T'rovi deuce." He was elected Bishop of Ohio, June 4th, A. D. 1818, and consecrated in Philadelphia, February 11th, A. D. 1819. His chief need in his new field was laborers. At first three Clergymen were his fellow-workmen — this number within four years being increased to six — but what were "they among so many" ? So deeply and constantly did this need press upon him that in 1823 he determined to cross the ocean, and to solicit funds in England for the establishment of a School of Theology in Ohio, where, under his own supervision, he might have educated for the ministry some " sons of the soil." This resolution of his to secure, if possible, foreign aid in his great necessity, was strenuously opposed by some high in eccle- siastical authority, but the opposition seemed only to add firm- ness to his purpose and strength to his determination. He sailed from New York, October 1st, 1823, and reached Liverpool safely after the lapse of the month Avhieh was then required for the ocean voyage. Among the letters which he carried with him was one from the Honorable Henry Clay to the Right Honorable Lord Gambiek, (these two distinguished statesmen having met as Commissioners at the Treaty of Ghent in 1815.) This letter was of great service to him in opening his way. Friends were raised up to him in large numbers, among the most efficient and distin- guished of whom were Lords Gambler, Kenyon and Bexley, Sir Thomas Ackland, and the Right Hon. Dowager Countess of Rosse, the Rev. Geo. Gaskin, D.D., Henry Hoare and Geo. W. Marriott, Esqs., and Mrs. Hannah Moore. Some thirty thousand dollars came to Bishop Chase as t]io result of this his foreign appeal. Upon his return, the Bishop reached New York in August, 1824, and in the following November the Constitution of the Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio, was agreed upon at the meeting of the Diocesiin Convention in Chillicothe. The location of the Seminary was temporarily fixed upon the Bishop's farm in Worthington. A beginning was made in the shape of a Grammar School. The incipient School consisted of one teacher, and from eight to ten scholars. Among those who attended this school in Worthington, however, was one destined to rise to great eminence and usefulness, Salmon P. Chase, late Chief Justice of the Supreme C*ourt of the United States. In the matter of tlie choice of a pi-rmanent location for the Seminary, oi)iniou was divided, some preferring a site in some town, others having a decided choice for the country. Bishop Chase earnestly advocated the latter, because he believed that not only would the students gain thereby in health and morality, but because also he saw that wherever the Seminary should be fixed, there property would at once advance in value, and by securing some thousands of acres of land, the Seminary might, without doubt, and most justly, share in the gains which it would itself create. About this time Bishop Chase had his attention called by D.iniel S. Norton, Esq., and Henry B. Curtis, Esq., of Mount Vernon, to a tract of land in Knox County, five miles from ]Mount Vernon, and eight thousand acres in extent. Upon vis- iting thes-e lands Bishop Chase was more than pleased with their appearance — he was captivated — and ere very long a con- tract was made by him with their owner, Mr. AVilliam Hogg, of Brownsville, Pennsylvania, the jirice agreed upon being $2.25 per acre, or eighteen thousand dollars for the entire tract, the contract to become valid A\'hen approved by the Board of Trus- tees and the Hon. Henry Clay. Before the Diocesan Convention of 1826, Bishop Chase most strenuously urged t!ie importanceof uniting with the Theological Seminary a College for general learning. Very naturally his original plan had become enlarged. His first thought was to provide Ministers for the waste places of the (.'hurch— his second and greater tliought "to be of service to his country without rejard to denomination in religion." But two coui'ses, said he in his address before the Convention, but " two courses are before us — either to confine our Seminary to Theological candidates only, or if we receive students in general science, to lay a foundation sufficiently strong and large to sustain the magnitude of the Col- l?ge which must be reared to do those students justice. In the former case, nothing more is necessary than to turn your atten- tion to the deed of gift of my own estate in Worthington. In the latter case, the only thing presented worthy of your attention is the i)r()posed lands iii Knox County. Here is a foundation on which to erect an edifice worthy of the kind expectation of our eiteemed benefactors. On this we can build, and expect the further assistance of a syuipathizing world . On this we can build and justly exi)ect the patronage of our civil government. Any- thing loAs than this, would be to degrade, not to improve our present blessings." During the year before the delivery of this address, Mrs. Betsy Reed, of Zanesville, had generously given, for the use of the Seminary, one thousand acres of land on Alum Creek, near Columbus, and preparations had been made for the location of the Seminary thereon. (Objections however, were urged, and the matter was postponed. Indeed, strenuous objections were made to more than one of Bishop Chase's plans. Mr. Charles PlAM^foND, a prominent citizen of Cincinnati, and a gentleman largely interested in Church affairs, a member also of the Board of Trustees, addressed a letter to the Bishop, urging strongly that, by the very neces- sities of the case, the Saminary ought to be " not one for general education, but one for the education of Ministers exclusively." Mr. Hammond, however, and those who thought with him, were overruled by the judgment o^ the Diocesan Convention (if 182G, the report of the Committee of that Convention, as ac- cepted, declaring that " the lands in Knox County afforded an eligible site for the Seminary and College, and combined advan- tiges of greater magnitude than any offer tliat had been made." So it was decided that the Theological Seminary of the Diocese of Ohio and Kenyon C'ollege, should be forever established upon these lands, and the broad plan was adopted of laboring to build up, not only a school of Theology, but a College as well. The English funds were to be appropriated sacredly to the purpose for which they were given. The College Endowment, it Mas hoped, might, in some other way, be secured. In December 1827 Bishop Chase addressed the Legislature of Ohio desiring therefrom "a petition to Congress, and instruction to the Ohio delegates therein to urge such petition, for the grant of a tract of land, or some other property to Kenyon College, to enable the Trustees thereof to carry into effect their benevolent designs in the liberal education of the youth of our common coun- try." In this iiddress the lamentable and prevailing ignorance of the people was dwelt upon. It was affirmed that, except in tlie cities and towns, the majority of the youth of both sexes, born and reared at home, could not even road intelligibly to them- selves or others, and that, in very few instances were the chil- drea ever likely to equal their parents in common learning. The importance of Kenyon College was therefore insisted upon as a source of supply for Teachers of the schools, the want in this direction being very great. Ignorance and irreligion were de- clared to be the greatest enemies of the State — so it was argued, that by helping the College, the State might help to protect itself, and that therefore it was not unreasonable that public and na- tional patronage should be solicited. This address before the Legislature was followed by a Resolu- tion which i>assed that body with hardly a dissenting voice. The resolution was drawn up and presented by Governor Mor- row, then a member of the Senate, and declared that being fully persuaded that with proper support and encouragement Kenyon College promised to be extensively useful to the citizens of Ohio and the adjoining States in promoting the interest of Literature and Science, tlierefore the object of the application of Bishop Chase to the Congress of the United States for a donation of a tract or tracts of public lands, should be approved, and that the Senators and Representatives in Congress from Ohio be requested to use their exertions in aid and support of the said application. Almost immediately Bishop Chase proceeded to Washing- ton, and presented his petition. It was first brought before the U. S. Senate, and by that body, was most kindly received. A bill was introduced making a grant of a township of land, and after addresses in its favor from Messrs. Kane, Ruggies, Harri- son, Benton and Chambers, it passed the Senate by a vote of 25 to 15. To the great disappointment, however, of the friends of Kenyon, it foiled of adoption in the House, that body, in the rush of other business, refusing to give it consideration. Tliough Bishop Chase now felt keenly the "anguish of dis- appointed hopy," he was neverthelev^ not in de,:-pnir. liis only escape from mental depression he felt to be in " renewed effort." So at once he scattered broadcast an ajipeal to his fellow-country- men for help from them individually. Johx Ql'ixx'Y Adam.^', then President of the United States, subscribed a hundred dol- lars — many others gave liberally, so that the total result of thi.5 appeal was the addition of some Twenty-five thousand dollar.^ tj the funds of the " Star in the West." ^Meanwhile the College town had been called Gambier, and the i^rocess of clearing and fencing the lands and of erecting tlie necessary buildings had been begun. Many of these buildings, being hastily put together, and constructed of cheap materials, were necessarily temporary, and have long since entirely disap- peared. One structure, however, rose in striking contrast with the rest. It was built solidly of stone, with walls from three to four feet thick, built as though it were intended to last forever. To this chief building was given the name of Kenyon Collegk, and thus the names of Lords Gambier and Kenyox, "Bishop Chase's most efficient supporters in England were perpetuated on this side of the water. The Corner Stone of Kenyon Ct)llege was laid by the Bishop, with appropriate religious ceremonies, on the 9th of June, 1827. The sermon upon the occasion \v.\:\ preached by the Rev. Intrepid ]Morse, of Steubenville. " In building an Institution of Learning- amid a dense forest, the first thing to be done would be to hire workmen and build shanties for them to live in. In the absence of markets, and amid a very sparse squatter population, lands must be cleared and grounds tilled to afford workmen the means of living. As nothing in the way of building could bo done without lumber, and this could not be had in sufficient quantities at any reasona- ble price. Mills must be erected for its manufacture. For this too, heavy ox-teams and all the costly appliances of hauling sav,- logs and lumber must be provided. A Flouring Mill was also needed to furnish material for the staff of life. Thus in almost every particular, after Ganibier was chosen, it was necessary to begin with the very elements of civilization." So, for some years, farming, milling and merchandising were carried on in the name of the College, and there were not only erected with its means such structures as were needed for the legitimate purposes of an institution of learning, such as houses for the Professors and Students, the Chapel, with the College and Grammar School buildings, but a Store also, and a Hotel, a Car- penter's and Shoemaker's Shop, a Printing Office, a Saw Mill, a Grist Mill, with houses for the Miller, the Dairymen and the workmen to dwell in. Bishop Chase's idea was, that in undertaking all this, he was contributing to the prosperity of the Institutions he had established, and helping to foster their beneficent ends. The necessary expenses of a student for board, tuition, fuel and light had been fixed at an extraordinarily low figure— S70 per year for those in the College, $(jO for those in the Grammar School, and $50 for those in tlie Theological department. In the face of ad- vancing prices tliese figures were adhered to, so that it was no exaggeration for our Speaker of the House of Congress, Hon. James G. Blaine, recently to declare that in a Western College (Kenyon) was educated at a total yearly expenditure of less than a hundred dollars, the Hon. Henry Winter Davis, " the most accomplished parliamentary orator of this century." It was not long, however, before debts were incurred, and unlooked-for complications arose. The number of Students was large, and they were well instructed by their Professors under the leadership of a man very remarkable for his character and gifts, the Rev. Wm. Sparrow. The matter of tiic difficulties of the College (into the origin and nature of which it is not necessary here to enter) was brought by Bishop Chase before the Diocesan Convention of 1831, which met in Gambier. The action of this Convention was unsatisfac- tory to the Bishop, in consequence of which he peremptorily resigned both the Presidency of the Seminary and College, and 9 the Episcopate of the Diocese, and forever severed his connection with the Institutions which he had so ardently and untiringly labored to establish. In the language of one well qualified to judge with accuracy, (Rev. Dr. Buonsox,) " Thus closes the record of Bishop Chase's labors in founding a Theological Seminary and College. Ho probably had no superior in all the qualities necessary to ori<^i- . nate such an Institution. The versatility of his manners was such that he could adapt himself readily to any condition of Society. Whether he were in the log cabin of Ohio, where the whole family slept, ate, cooked, received guests and lodged them in the same apartment, or in the magnificent halls of Lord Ken- yon, surrounded with the refinement of the old world, Bishop Chase was equally at home and capable of winning golden opinions. Add to this an energy that never flagged, a will that never succumbed, and a physical system that never tired, and we have such a character as is seldom produced, but which was precisely adapted to the great work that he accomplished. Bisho]) Chase was equally remarkable for industry and endurance. Day- light seldom found him in bed, and he seemed as fond of work- ing or travelling in the rain, as though water were his native element. He would preach at Perry (fifteen miles from Gam- bier), and as soon as daylight peeped in the East on Monday morning take his bridle himself, go to the field, catch " Cincin- natus," mount and be off to set his head men at work in Gam- bier. Bishop Chase began a work for the Church in Ohio, and in truth for the whole West, such as no other man then living would have attempted, or probably could have accomplished." The language of his successor in the Episcopate concerning him was—*' The name of Bishop Chase can never be forgotten in Ohio, nor cease to be regarded with affection and respect so long as there remains among us a just ai)preciation of those many and vigorous attributes of personal character which so signally marked his whole official life. His monument among us is Kenyon College— with all the history around it, of theenteri)rise 10 and sacrifices and toils and trials and difficulties with which its founder commenced and carried forward that Institution. It will not be long before the last of those who were personal wit- nesses of what he did and overcame in that enterprise will have passed away — nor before the aspect of Ohio will have become so changed by progressive and rapid iinjirovement that it will be very difficult for a new generation to form a just conception of what Bishop Chase undertook when he set himself to the estab- lishment of Kenyon College in the locality selected, and what he accomplished so long as he remained in Ohio to carry forward that enterprise. Difference of opinion as to the wisdom of some details of his plans is no detraction from his merited praise for great purity of motive, a single desire in all things to build up the Church of Christ, a Uirge heart to devise, and a most uncon- querable energy to execute schemes for the glory of God, and the salvation of men." The Convention of 1853 also declared that " Whatever aliena- tion once existed on the part of the Convention of this Diocese has long sini^e passed away, and we believe that throughout the Diocese of Ohio but one feeling is prevalent, and that is — Rever- ence for his memory." Bishop Chase's successor in the office of President of the Theological Seminary and Kenyon College, was his successor in the Episcopate of the Diocese of Ohio, the Right Rev. Charles P. McIlvaine, D.D., then a young man of thirty-three, but already widely and most favorably known, particularly in the great centres of Washington and New York, and since recog- nized as having been one of the greatest men of this generation. Bishop McIlvaine had been Chaplain of the United States Mil- itary Acadamy at West Point, an appointment urged upon him by Hon. John C. Caeiioun, then Secretary of War. He had also been settled as a clergyman in Georgetown, District of Co- lumbia, and in Brooklyn, Long Islant!. In appearance Bishop McIlvaine was a king among men. As an orator he was 11 remarkable. His mental gifts, naturally of a high order, had been largely developed, and while diligent in business, he was no less " fervent in spirit, serving the Lord." Such a man, coming to Gambler could not but be warmly welcomed. He saw at once, moreover, the importance of the institutions, and girded himself to labor in their behalf. New buildings were mucli needed. Besides, there was an accumula- tion of debt. Bishop Mcl7>VAiXE, therefore, before establishing himself in Ohio, solicited aid, chiefly in the Eastern cities, and received in all nearly $30,000, the larger part of which was con- tributed by friends in Brooklyn and New York. This was done in the year 1833. Without the help thus opportunely given by the new Bishop, Kenyon must have perished, the Trustees hav- ing determined that it would be impossil)le for them, as things were, to carry on the Institution. In the year 1835 Bishop McIlvaine crossed the ocean to seek abroad relief from his burdensome and exhausting labors. Upon his journey, he carried with him the thought, as Bishop CiiASi: had before him, that while England was annually transferring thousands of her population to our shores, it was not unreasona- ble to ask, from those in the Mother country who were benevo- lently inclined, some aid in behalf of their countrymen who had emigrated to the new world. He judged also that this aid could le given in no better way than by helping to raise up a Ministry requisite for their instruction in the way of salvation. The pro- priety of these thoughts and consequent appeal was most kindly acknowledged, and the sum of $12, GOO contributed towards the erection of a separte building for the particular use of Theologi- cal Students. Large donations of books for the Library were also received — in this the liberality of .Joshua Bates, Esq., Rev. Dr. E. B. Pusey, and Mrs. Hannah 3Ioore being esi^ecially mani- fested. Bishop McIlvaine continued to hold the office of President of the Theological Seminary and Kenyon College until the year 12 1840, though during most of this time very many of his duties in this office were delegated to and performed by the Vice Presi- dent, the Rev. Wm. Sparrow, D.D., who continued to be the moving spirit and the life of the Institution, and whose influence in Gambler was as great as it was good. Dr. Sparrow was not only a man of liirge attainments in learning, but of great wis- dom and personal magnetism. Some wise words of counsel received from him by Edwin M. Stanton, while a student in Kenyon College, were afterwards by Mr. Stanton frequently declared to have been the turning point of his life — a life more valuable to the American Nation than any words can express. Until the year 1840, there had been in Gambler a Joint Faculty of Theology and Arts. At this time separate Faculties were con- stituted with separate Heads, Bishop McIlvaine continuing at the head of the Seminary, while Major D. B. Douglass, LL.D., was elected to the Presidency of the College. Before tlie Convention of 1839, this change was advocated by Bishop McIlvainic. This advocacy, however, was not jiositive, but conditional. His language was — "Only on condition that in surrendering the Presidency the Bishop shall receive a substi- tute of authority quite equivalent for the purposes originally contemplated. Only on condition that the College shall remain in its new position quite as much bound to be strictly Episcopal in its principles and aims and influence as it is at present bound to be. Only on condition that while such College shall be situated on the lands and in the buildings belonging to the Theological Ssminary, whatever is now the property of said Seminary the Trustees shall not be permitted to make in any sense the pro- perty 01 the College." To meet these conditions, as thus expressed, and in making the needed changes to guard sacredly all rightful interests, among other things it was provided by the Convention, and so declared in the Constitution as altered, " that the President of the College be appointed on the nomination of the Bishop of the Diocese — 13 l)r()vided also, tliat his Episcopal supervision and authority be understood as embracing the spiritual interests of the College, and its Preparatory Schools, and that the present property of the Seminary, whatever use the Trustees may permit the College to make of any part thereof, shall always remain exclusively the Ijroperty of the Seminary." The accession of Major Douglass to the Presidency of Ken- yon, was in some regards most fortunate. He was a skillful Civil Engineer, and under his direction, some much needed im- provements were determined upon, and so wisely made that their benefits will accrue to yet subsequent generations. He must have believed also in the familiar maxim that " cleanliness is next to godliness," for at once he set about a thorough internal repair- ing of the College building. His reign however was short — for, though a man of unu -ual talents, and very extended attainments, and the highest character, he was yet not fitted to govern suc- cessfully Western youth, proverbially so impatient of restraint. His rigid military training and habits no doubt helped largely to bring about this result. Besides, he came to Gambler at an unfortunate time. The finances were in a depressed and most deplorable condition. The money collected by Bishop McIlvaine at the East, and I y Rev. Dr. Sparrow in Ohio, a few years before, had been par- tially used in the erection of new buildings, partially in the pay- ment of. old debts. These debts, however, were not entirely obliterated. To meet the deficit, Bishop McIlvaine, in 1S38, had found it necessary to contract a loan of $fo,000, which he secured " through the great attention and affectionate interest of Samuel Ward, Esq., of New York." This loan however proved a very heavy burden. Without it, or rather without the debt which it represented, the College financially would have pros- pered. As it was, there was an increasing accumulation of debt, year by year. 14 In 1842, a crisis came. The debt of Prime, Ward & Kingr, then nearly twenty tliousand dollars, was pressing? for payment. To secure this debt the College lands had been mortgaged. So the question naturally arose— " Shall these lands be sold ?" Nei- ther Bishop McIlvaine nor the Board of Trustees were willing of themselves to determine this important matter. "If," said Bishop M., "a measure of such fundamental importance is to be adopted, the main responsibility should be taken by the Conven- tion of the Diocese, assembled with express reference to the sub- ject, and having its delegates chosen with the express purpose of acting thereon." So in December, 1842, a special Convention of the Diocese of Ohio was called, and met to consider this question. It was a question with reference to which opinion in the Diocese had been not unevenly divided. ]Many were strongly of opinion that " a religious corporation could not conduct a farm to advan- tage," and it must be confessed that the results of the experiment went far towards justifying this conclusion. The total income from farms, houses and shops, had averaged but thirteen hun- dred dollars a year. The other side of the case was thus stated by the Bishop—" It is well known that the lands at present owned were purchased by the venerable founder of the Institu- tions upon them, for a permanent endowment, and were designed to furnish not only an income for the support mainly of theo- logical instruction, since candidates for Orders pay no tuition fees, but also for a moral protection to the Institution, by secur- ing the control of its neighborhood to a great distance around it. Nothing can be more manifest than that Bishop Chase not only did not expect that those lands would ever be sold, but was always strongly set upon their permanent retention. His vari- ous communications to the Convention of this Diocese and to the public contain most convincing marks to that effect. There is reason to be assured that the Trustees, as long as he remained over them, entirely sympathized in these views. I am certain that the same have been held as tenaciously by the Board ever since. Nothing but a sense of necessity has caused them so much 15 as to inquire into the propriety of a diflferent course. The at- tachment of those in the Diocese wlio liave taken interest enough in an Institution, so ctnlral to all its interests, to have any at- tachment thereto, is still decidedly to the maintenance of the original vie\\'s in regard to its lands." The conclusion as reached was thus stated by the Committee of the Convention, to whom the whole subject was referred. " A considerable portion of the present debts must be satisfied within a few months, and to effect this object, a forced sale of the lands of the corportion must be made, or funds procured by do- nation or loan. ***** Xo prudent man would force his real estate into market, unless compelled to do so, during the present pecuniary embarrassment of all classes. Such is the condition of the land market that time is everything to those who owe debts, and who must pay by the sale of lands. It is very clear that a ruinous loss would be incurred by the sale of the college lands at this time. To prevent, if possible, so great a sacrifice, it is the opinion of the Committee that a final and last appeal should be made to those who may feel an interest in the institution at Gambler. This is due to its venerable founder, to the early and present friends of Kenyon College— it is due to all other friends of learning and religion. The Committee therefore recommend the adoption of the following resolutions. 1. Bewived, That the Rt. Rev. the Bishop of this Diocese be requested to make an effort in such manner as he may deem ex- p3dient to procure pecuniary aid by donations and loans to re- lieve the Institution at Gambler. 2. Remlved, That it is inexpedient to recommend at this time a sale of any portion of the college lands, nor until it is ascer- tained that the Institution cannot be relieved by donations and loans— but, if a sale become necessary, that such portions be sold, and in such mode and to such persons as may least conflict with the preservation of good morals in the immediate vicinity of the Institution." IG In response to these resolutions, and the decision of the Con- vention, which passed them. Bishop McIlvaixp: again girded himself, and "labored with all his might." The next result of his appeal in the Eastern States, was $29,517. Some $6,000 besides were added as the result of an appeal in Ohio. Even this measure of relief, however, was destined to prove but temporary. By it the "evil day" was postponed, but not altogether averted. The fact remained that the College lands, valuable though they were in themselves, were yet almost entire- ly valueless as a source of income. " In 1840 a change was made with a view of realizing a profit from grazing and raising cattle and sheep. But after expensive stock had been purchased, a dry season cut off the means of keep- ing it, and it was necessary to sell at a great loss, to save life. There were those who blamed this experiment, but perhaps they would not have done so, if it had been attempted at a time when stock was rising instead of falling, and when feed was plenty instead of scarce. At such a time it mi^ht have cleared off the whole debt, but, as it was, the profits went the wrong way." This is simply quoted as a specimen of not a few vain at- tempts to realize largely from the college lands — so that it is not to be wondered at that in 1842 Bishop McIlvaixe should say "One thing is evident, that the management of land and produce, by the Agent of such an Institution, whose time is divided with other duties, must necessarily be at a disadvantage. What an individual might accomplish with his own land, a corporation cannot with theirs." So, though measurable relief came, after the crisis of 1842, from the funds which were then collected, matters nevertheless dragged along somewhat heavily until 1849, when a committee of the Board of Trustees gave expression to the prevalent senti- ment in the following language : "The pecuniary embarrassments of the Seminary, and the consequent depression upon the prosperity and success of its in- stitutions, have long been the theme of reproach among it? ene- 17 inies and the subject of deep mortificatiou and regret with its friends — various expedients have been from time to time resorted to, to relieve the Institution from this great evil, with very little better results than temporary relief, procrastination, and increase of the debt by accumulations of interest and costs. The com- mittee is informed that the present amount of debt against the Institution, in various forms of liability, is about fifteen thou- sand dollars, the accruing interest on whicli is nearly equal to all the available annual income. Many of the creditors are press- ing for payment, interest is in arrears — and unless means be speedily provided, portions of the real estate will be levied upon and sold under execution. To add to these embarrassments, there being due a large arrear of taxes against the lands, the whole tract has been sold to satisfy the incumbrance. To sustain the credit of the Institution, ov even to preserve its vitality, under such circumstances, and against such unhappy influences, seems to the committee hopeless. The tax sale must be redeemed, and the other pecuniary embarrassments removed, or the Institution must go into decay, perhaps be wholly lost. The corporation holds in fee a body of four thousand acres of land, than which, for the usual various purposes of Agriculture, none better can be found in Ohio. These lands are worth an average price of $20 per acre, and by many, are estimated much higher. The annual rents from the improved parts of all this body of land little, if any, exceed the bills of repairs and taxes. Is it wise then to leave this noble Institution w'ith its schools and colleges thus fettered and bound, its character and usefulness less- enetl, if not destroyed, when by a change of investment of the monies that are in these lands, or even a small portion of them, all the incumbrances might be removed, an annual income se- cured that would give permanency and prosperity to the Insti- tution ? We have come to the conclusion that from motives of both e.vj)cdienci/, and necessit}/ we are urged and impelled to make sale of a portion of these lands." To tliis was added the opinion of the Board itself, that the 18 time had come when it was " due to the Institution to change the investment of a i>ortion of its lands." So it was resolved by the Convention of the Diocese in 1849 : 1. "That the Convention are of opinion that the Board of Trustees have full legal authority to sell and convey in fee sim- ple the lands belonging to said Seminary. 2. That a sale of a portion of said lands, as proposed by said Board, is expedient, not only to enable the Trustees to discharge the debts of the Seminary, but also, to enable them to place that Institution upon a better footing as to its income." With the sale of a portion of these lands in 1850 "a brighter day dawned upon Kenyon" — all debts were paid — credit restored — and confidence increased. Most fortunately, soon after this time, also, the Trustees were enabled to secure the services of Lorin Andrews, LL.D., as President of Kenyon College. No man connected with educa- tional work in Ohio, w^as more generally or deservedly popular than President Andrews. He had literally, " a host of friends," and besides, he possessed rare executive ability. So almost at once, Kenyon's power began to be developed largely. Students came in greatly increased numbers, and the depression which for years, had rested over Gambler, rose as the fog before the growing light. Kenyon's cry no longer was " relief from diffi- culty," but now "room for enlargement." So once again aid was asked, but in a greatly altered tone. The following document explains largely the changed state of affairs. It was issued in 1855. , " Bishop McIlvaine solicits the kind attention of his friends, and of all who desire the extension of our church in the West, to the following respectful appeal and statement. It is in behalf of Kenyon College, situated at Gambler, Ohio, under Trustees ap- pointed by the Convention of that Diocese, and devoted to the promotion of Christian Education, and more especially, to that of candidates for the Ministry in the Episcopal Church. For 19 convenience, wo here speak of the College and connected Theolo- gical Seminary, both of them at Gambier, and essentially united under the same Trustees and incorporation under the one name of Kenyon College, because although the Corporate name is " Theological Seminary of the Diocese of Ohio," the other is tiie name familiar to the public. It is not to deliver this institution from debt, that aid is now sought. There is no debt. But there is an unprecedented prosperity, and hence arises the present neces- sity. The present accommodations are so occuj^ied with students that there is room for only a very few more. The number of HndergnuluateH is between one hundred and forty and one hun- dred and fifty. It is a remarkable and cheering fact, that of tliat number seventy-seven are communicants, forty of whom arc preparing to enter when they graduate, on theological study for the Ministry, while there is reason to expect that, of the remain- der, many will make up their minds in the same direction. In these times of need as to laborers in God's vineyard, liow encans of providing residences for the Profes- sors." 20 This appeal resulted in the contribution of Fifty-five thousand dollars, chiefly devoted to tlie endowment of Professorships, and the erection of a new, large and beautiful building, known as Ascension Hall. In aiding to secure this most desirable enlarge- ment of Kenyon's resources, no one was more efficient than the Rev. G. T. Bedell, D.D., (since Bishop Bedell) then Rector of the Church of the Ascension, New York, in honor of which church the new building received its name. In 18G1, President Andrews resigned his post at Gambler, to enter the Union Army, he being the first man in Ohio to I'espond to the call of his country, and to volunteer for the Nation's de- fense. He was elected Colonel of the 4th Ohio Infantry, which entered for the three month's service. He re-enlisted July 5th, 18(51, and died the following September, a great loss to Gambler as well as to the country he loved and served. His successoi's in the otfice of President of Kenyon College have been Charles Short, LL.D. (18(33-67), Rev. James Kent Stone, A.M. (18G7-GS), Eli T. Tappan, LL.D. (18(58-75). One other effbrt to add to the funds, and so to increase the efficiency of the Institutions at Gambler, remains to be noted. This was carried on chiefly through the instrumentality of Bishop Bedell, and can best be chronicled in his own words, as ad- dressed to the Diocesan Convention of 18()6. "Our Diocesan Institutions have reached a position of influ- ence which calls for gratitude to God, and an immediate united effbrt to complete their power to be useful. In forty years after their foundation by Bishop Chase, they have attained dimen- sions, and an endowment, which no similar institutions in our country (originating in similar small beginnings) have attained in so brief a time. The Grammar School (Milnor Hall), Kenyon College, and the Theological Seminary (Bexley Hall), thoroughly otficered, have gathered in and around them an average of two hundred students, of whom nearly fifty are in various stages of 21 preparation for the ministry. Meanwhile tlie State has grown in numbers to two and a half millions, and developed resources which insure a fixed population ; and the Church has become an influential body. At this moment, the appointments of the In- stitutions are sufficient (with the exception of a Library building and a Chemical Laboratory) for twice the present number of stu- dents. The intellectual force on the Hill is capable of guiding one thousand students as easily as the present number, and capa- ble of leading them to any point of perfectness of learning. There need to be two Professorships added to the College, and suitable assistiints appointed. Under the present force the Insti- tutions have acquired a commanding character for scholarship. "At a crisis in their history when danger was imminent, Bishop McIlvaine saved them, and has been the means of establishing their permanency. It has been my privilege to labor for their development. I have spent much time in former years, but especially in the present, in personal conferences, and in cor- respondence looking towards this result, and I feel deeply grate- ful for the interest which was manifested at the East by the Rev. Drs. Huntington of Boston, Duune of Providence, and our firm friends Rev. Drs. Tyng, Dyer, J. Cotton Smith and ^Montgomery, of New York. My appeal has been to individuals, and the re- sults, both in Ohio and at the East, have been encouraging. " The first person to whom the object was mentioned Mas the late R. B. Bowler, Esq., of Cincinnati, who entered heartily into TJlans for effecting it. His sudden death arrested his purposes, but he had already completed our Philosophical api)aratus at a cost of $3,000. Mrs. Bowler has since given a Professorship as a Memorial of her husband, $:io,000. A few gentlemen in Cincin- nati have contributed $14,000 towards a Professorship which will bear the name of our honored Diocesan — the sum will be com- pleted to $25,000. Nor have we any idea that the liberality of our wealthy churchmen there will stop at this point. ]Mr. Jay Cooke of Philadelphia, has contributed $2o,000 for a I'rofessor- ship. And our friend, Thomas H. Powers, Esq., commenced the completion of the Bedell Professorship by a contribution of $6,000. This Professorship, in memory of the late Rev. Dr. Bedell, has been guaranteed in Philadelphia. Mr. R. H. Ives of Providence has contributed $10,000. Mr. Frank Richmond of the same city has contributed $5,000 to found a Library Fund, in memory of our Missionary Hoffman. The Wolfe and Spencer Professorship has been raised to the standard by a contribution of $5,000 by each of its original donors. The Church of the x\.s- cension, New York, has expressed a desire through its Rector, Rev. Dr. Smith, to erect a Cliurch at Gambier under certain con- ditions, at a proposed cost of $30,000, towards which they have piid $10,000. Other liberal sums have been contrWbuted or pro- mised in various quarters. The recent subscriptions already amount to $140,000, of which over $100,000 have been paid." The Church above referred to has since been built through the liberality of members of the Church of the Ascension, New York, and by added gifts from Bishop and Mrs. Bedell. The name has been given of the " Church of the Holy Spirit," and the Church itself is regarded as "the perfection of beauty." It needs also to be stated to complete the list of the larger benefactions to Kenyon, that while on his visit to his native land in 1866, Mr. George Peabody, through his friend Bishop Mcllvaine, contributed $25,000 for the endowment of the Chair of Mathematics. To this brief historical sketch of the Institutions at Gambier, it is deemed desirable to add some concise biographical notices concerning those who have most largely aided in their founding and development. First of all, none have contributed more largely to their up- building and permanence than the three Bishoi:>s of the Diocese of Ohio— Philander Chase, Charles Pettit McIlvaine and Gregory Thurston Bedell. After leaving Ohio, Bishop Chase settled temporarily in Michigan, ministering with his own hands to his necessities and 23 those of his faiiiily, and breaking, without cost, the bread of life to perishing men in the wilderness. In 1835 he was elected to the Episcopate of Illinois, and continued therein until his death in 1853, at the age of 77. He was also for a time Presiding Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. After serving most effectually the Diocese of Ohio, and the Institutions at Gambier, as well as the church at large, for more than forty years, Bishop ^McIlvaixk died in Florence, Italy, March 12th 1873. Bishop McIlvaine also stood as a pillar of strength to the nation, particularly during the dark days of our civil war; so that it may be said, in a very broad sense, that *' after he had served his own generation by the will of God, he fell asleep and was laid unto his fathers." Bishop Bedell, the son of the Rev. Gregory Townsend Bedell, D.D., of honored memory, was born in Hudson, N. Y., August 27th A. D. 1817. Pie was ordained to the sacred Minis- try in St. Andrew's Church, Philadelphia, by Bishop ]\[oore of Virginia, in 1840, and after serving the parish at We.st Chester, Penn., for three years was called to the Rectorship of the church of the Ascension, N. Y., in which position he continued to offi- ciate for sixteen years. In 1859 he was elected assistant Bishop of Ohio, and consecrated in the city of Richmond, Virginia, in October of that year. He is still living and ministering as Bish- op of the Diocese of Ohio. Among those who have been connected with the offices of instruction and government, the most jjrominent laborers have been the following: — the Rev. Drs. Sparrow, Wixo, Smith and Bronson, with President Lorix Axdkews. Rev. Dr. William Sparrow, a native of Massachusetts, came to Gambier, in 1825, where he worked with large success until 1840, when he ra'^igned to accept the leading position in the Theological Seminary near Alexandria, Virginia, with which institution he remained connected until his death in 1874. Rev. M. T. C. AViXG, D.D., was born in Vermont, in the year 1798. He became connected with Kenyon College in 182G, 2-t and, with tlie exception of a comparatively brief interval, con- tinued to reside in Gambier and to spend his talents and energies for its prosperity until he died in 1863. Bishop Bedell's testimony concerning him will readily be acceeded to — " His loss to our Institutions, as a whole, and espe- cially to the Seminary, in which he took the interest almost of a founder, can never be repaired. Not more than once in the his- tory of such an Institution does a friend appear like him, equally disinterested and thoroughly devoted to its good, willing to spend his strength, and his last days, and actually spending them in its behalf." Bishop Mcllvaine has also justly said — " To his eminent faith- fulness, wisdom, self-devotion, patience and constancy in most trying circumstances, the Diocese and its College and Seminary are deeply indebted. His memory will ever be cherished with the fondest affection and veneration." The Rev. Thomas M. Smith, D.D,, was born in Connecticut in 1G9G. His ancestors were among the most distinguished of the early Puritan settlers of New England, He was first a Clergy- man among the Orthodox Congregationalists. Soon after his ordination in the Protestant Episcopal Church he came to Gam- bier, where he continued to live and labor zealously and usefully for nearly twenty years. He died in 1864. The Rev. Sherlock A. Bronson, D.D., was born in Con- necticut, but was brought to Ohio while yet an infimt — his mother being the first white woman and he the first white child that crossed the Cuyahoga River. In his youth he came to Gambier as a student, and after graduating in 1833, acted for sometime in the cai^acity of Tutor. For a quarter of a century he was one of the most active and efficient members of the Board of Trustees. At a period of great depi'ession (1845-50) Dr. Bronson held the post of President of Kenyon, laboring most assiduously and un- selfishly for her welf^ire and i)rosi>erity. Dr. Bronson is still living, and is now Rector of Grace Church, Mansfield, Ohio. 25 LoRix Andrews, LL.D., was born in Ashland, Ohio. His name appears among the Kenyon students of the Class of 1842— the same class to which belonged the present honored Governor of Ohio, Rutherford B. Hayes. Gov. Hayes remained to graduate— Lorin Andrews did not. After leaving Kenyon he filled successively several posts of usefulness in the field of Edu- cation, and came back to his Alma Mater as President in 1854, remaining seven years, which were indeed "years of plenty." He gave himself with such energy to his country's cause after lie entered the army, that his strength gave way. This overtax- ing of liis powers, combined with long continued camp-fever, brought about his death in 18G1. His character was soon after thus sketched by Bishop Bedell—" A man singularly adapted by natural qualities, and endowed by grace for the position to which God had appointed him! His views were comprehensive, his actions discreet. His faculties were well trained, so that he could keep mastery over himself. He was enthusiastic on the subject of Education, for he had devoted his life to promote its interests. Earnest, affectionate, sympathetic, impulsive, and exceedingly sensitive, feeling keenly, but able to control the expression of wounded sensibility. Noble and generous, he had command both of. the minds and hearts of generous students — for they respected his judgment, confided in his motives, relied on his kindness. He was noted fjr executive ability, h id remarkable power of organization, an:l was tenacious of purpose, yet with sufficient flexibility to be properly influenced by those whose advice he respected. With these qualities were combined true piety, and a longing for the conversion of his students. Toward the increase of spiritual religion in our Institutions, he was always watchful — always ready to act. Both privately and pub- licly faithful in admonition and entreaty, he wielded great moral power at Gambler. Under Divine blessing iie was the means of elevating our College from a point of much depression, and he left it in the possession of high literary character and large suc- ceri. Tlio Diocese is deeply indebted to Lorin Andrews." 4 26 Two other prominent names alone remain to be mentioned, of those who have lived in Gambler, and most faithfully and z3alously labored for Kenyon's welfare. Without the mention of these honored names, even a brief sketch of the Theological Seminary and Kenyon College, would be felt to be incomplete. First— ihe Rev. Alfred Blake, D.D., for many years, Rector of Harcourt Place School and now chairman of the Executive Committee of the Board of Trustees of the Seminary and College. Second— Marden^ro White, Esq., a large number of whose years have been spent in Gambler, and many of them as Trea- surer and Agent of the Institutions. Among the members of the Board of Trustees, the Rev. Dr. Erastus Burr, holds the place of honor, he having served con- tinuously as Trustee from 1840 up to the present time — though before the nation at large, no one stands so honored as Morrison R. Waite, LL.D., Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the T^. S. Among the lay Trustees, those most distinguished for long and faithful service have been Bezaleel Wells, AVilliam Key Bond, Josiah Barber, John Bailhache, P. B. Wilcox, Columbus Delano, Henry B. Curtis, Rollin C. Hurd, Joseph R. Swan, Elisha T. Sterling, John W. Andrews, Thomas C. Jones, Kent Jarvis, Moses M. Granger, and Augustus H. Moss. A few words now as to the Gambler of the present, including a look at the site and buildings. The situation is admirable in point of natural beauty, healthi- ness, and convenience of access; and is in every respect well adapted to the purpose of a Seminary of Learning on the largest and most liberal scale. It has an easy communication, by Rail- road, with Cleveland and Sandusky on the north, and with Columbus and Cincinnati on the south. The particular site of the College and other buildings is an elevated ridge or headland jutting out from the general slope of the hills on the north side of the valley of the Kokosing River. The table land at the top of this ridge, from one to five hundred 27 yards wide, affords an irregular area, somewliat undulating, bvit generally elevated about 150 feet above the stream. This is occupied by the village of Gambler, with the buildings of the different Institutions commodiously and tastefully disposed around it. On a knoll somewhat elevated above the plat of the village, and about a quarter of a mile north, is the beautiful building of Bexley Hall, erected for the exclusive use of the Theological Seminary. It was commenced in 1841, and not fully completed until 1859. It contains the Library of the Institution, about seven thousand volumes, and furnishes rooms, each with sepa- rate bed-rooms, sufficient to accommodate 34 students. Near at hand are the dwelling liouses for the Professors in the Theological Seminary. About 500 yards in the opposite direction, and near the southernmost point of the plateau, stands the more massive and venerable edifice of Kenyon College, fronting north, and overlooking the valley of the Kokosing, to the distance of several miles in all directions. This building is of plain stone, 190 feet long, and four stories high, including the basement ; with battlements, pinnacles, belfry, and a spire 117 feet high. It contains upwards of fifty rooms for students ; also the Libraries of the Philomathesian and Nu Pi Kappa Societies, between four and five thousand volumes in each. About 200 yards north, and a little w^est, is Rosse Hall (formerly Rosse Chapel), a substantial stone building, in Ionic Architecture. The foundations of this building were laid by Bishop Chase, and the walls laid to the floor ; the present build- ing was erected, with some varations from the original plan, in 1836, and was occupied as the parish Church of Harcourt Parish till May, 1871, It is used on Commencement and other occa- sions, and is capable of accommodating nearly 1000 persons. About midway between Kenyon College and Rosse Hall, and about 60 yards east of the latter building, fronting the west, st.mds AscEXSiox Hall, erected in 1860, 171 feet long and four 28 stories high, including the basement. The walls throughout are of a fine light-colored free stone — laid in courses with rough undressed face. The appearance of the building is imposing, and equal to any in, the land erected for a similar purpose. It contains two sjiacious and elaborately finished Halls for the use of the College Societies — six Recitation and Lecture Rooms, the Library of Kenyon College, and 26 rooms for students. The Tower is fitted up for an Observatory, and contains an Equato- rial and a Transit Telescope. Directly north of Ascension, and about fifty yards from the village street, stands the Church of the Holy Spirit, which was finished in 1871. This most beautiful of all the buildings in Gambler, is cruciform — with the Tower in one of the angles — the Nave and Chancel being 90 feet and the Transcept 80 feet in length — all the windows are of stained glass — the churcli finished in Oak and the walls tastefully illuminated. The building is of the same free-stone as Ascension Hall, laid in courses with dressed quoins and facings. It will accommodate a congrega- tion of about (iOO. To the north and east of the village, and some distance from the main street, environed by trees, and commanding an exten- sive and beautiful prospect of the Valley of the Kokosing, stands Milnor Hall, built for the use of the Preparatory School. This is a plain structure of brick, the main building four stories high. All of the above buildings, except Bexley and Milnor Halls, are in the College Park, an inclosure of about fifty acres, well shaded with forest trees. Here are also six dwelling-houses for the use of the Professors in Kenyon. The election of Trustees of the Institutions is regulated by a Constitution which was adopted in 1824 by the Diocsean Conven- tion, and was recognized in the Act of Incorporation. Some changes have been made in the original constitution in the man- ner provided in the instrument. The Bishop of the Diocese has always been ex officio a member, and President of the Board. 29 By a change in the Constitntion which took effect at the meet- ing of the Diocesan Convention in May, 1873, the Board of Trus- tees consists of the Bishops of all the Dioceses within the limits of the State of Ohio ; the Assistant Bishop, if there be one, of the Diocese in which the Seminary is situated ; the President of Kenyon College ; four clerical and four lay trustees, whose suc- cessors shall be chosen by the Board of Trustees, for terms of ten years ; three clerical and three lay trustees, whose successors shall be elected by Diocesan Cnoventions, for terms of three years ; and two clerical and two lay trustees to be chosen by the alumni, who also are to choose the successors of these four, for terms of four years. The Faculty of the Theological Sp:minary is thus consti- tuted— Right Rev. GREGORY T. BEDELL, D.D., President, ex officio. The Dean. Milnor and Lewis Professor of Systematic Divinity. Griswold Professor of Biblical Literature and Interpretation. Bedell Professor of Pastoral Divinity', Eleutheros Cooke Professor of Ecclesiastical History and Church Polity. Rkv. WILLIAM B. BODINE, A.M., Professor and Librarian. The Course of Study embraces Eight Departments,, and ex- tends through three years, as follows : JUNIOR CLASS. 1. Hebrew Language — IlebrcAV Grammar and Bible. 2. Biblical Literature and Interpretation — Harmony of the Gospels ; Inti'oduction to the Scriptures. 3. Apologetics — Lectures on Natural Science. 5. Ecclesiastical History — Sacred History. 8. Sacred i?/(eto)-ic— Principles of Composition and Reading. Prejiara- tion of Skeletons of Sermons. Y 30 MIDDLE CLASS. 1. Hebrew Language — Isaiah. 2. Biblical Literature and Interpretation — Isaiah — Earlier Prophecies. St. Paul — Eiiistles to the Romans and Galatians. 4. Si/stematie Divinity — Didactic and Polemic. 5. Ecclesiastical Historij — Ancient and Media3val. Christian Antiquities. S. Sacred Rhetoric — Preparation and Deliverj^ of Sermons. Practice in Reading Services and Scripture. SENIOR CLASS. 2. Biblical Literature and Interpretation — The Book of Job. Isaiah — Later Prophecies. The Epistle to the Hebrews. The Catholic Ejiistles. 4. Si/stematic Divinity — Didactic, Polemic and Ethical. 5. Ecclesiastical History — Modern. 6. Church Polity and Liturgies— lAiwr'^y and Usages of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Pastoral Theology — Lectures. Criticism of Sermons. ALL THE CLASSES. Rhetorical Exercises. KENYON COLLEGE FACULTY. Rev. E. C. BENSON, A.M., Acting President. Professor of the Latin Language and Literatmv. JOHN TRIMBLE, A.M., Emeritus Professor of Greek. THEODORE STERLING, A.M., M.D., Bowler Professor of Natural Philosoiihy and Chemistry. Rev. GEO. A. STRONG, A.M., Mcllvaine Professor of English Literature and History. ELI T. TAPPAN, LL.D., Peabody Professor of JNIathematics and Astronomj-. LAWRENCE RUST, A.M., Professor of the Greek Language and Literature. WILLIAINI H. MINNICH, A.M., Instructor in German and French. Rev. W. B. BODINE, A.M., Chaplain. Spencer and Wofe Professor of Mental and Moral Philosoi)hy, The duties of this Professorship are temporarilv under tlie charge of Rev. Mr. Bodine. 31 COURSE OF STUDY. FRESHMAN CLASS. EnrjUsh — Composition : Lectures, exercises in Class, and Essays. De- clamation : Reading, and select orations before the Class. Greek— Homer'a Iliad; Herodotus, selections; Prose Composition; Presody. Latin — Virgil's Eclogues and Georgics; Cicero, pro Milone; Livy; Prose Comi3osition. HiMory — Greece ; Rome. Mathematics — Algebra, through Quadratics; Plane Geometry and Trigonometry. Natural Science — Botany. SOPHOMORE CLASS. English — Composition : Class exercises, and Essaj-s. Declamation : Select Orations, in Class and before the College. Greek — Plato, selections; ^Eschines, selections; Demosthenes, pro Corona. Latin — Tusculan Disputations; Horace's Odes; Tacitus, Germania and Agricola; Composition. Mathematics — Higher Algebra ; Solid Geometry and Trigonometry ; Surveying. Histori/ — England. ■ JUNIOR CLASS. English — Rhetoric; Original Orations, before the College. Greek — ^Eschylus, Seiitem contra Thebas ; Sophocles, selections. Latin — Cicero, de Officiis ; Horace's Satires and Epistles. Mathematics — Analytical Geometry; Calculus. Natural Science — Astronomy ; Mechanics ; Acoustics ; Heat ; Light ; Electricity. Philosophy — Logic. Religion — Butler's Analog3% SENIOR CLASS. English — History of Literature ; Original Orations, before the College. French — Various Authors. Natural Science — Chemistry ; Physiology ; Geology. Philosophy — Mental ; Moral. Laxu — International ; Constitutional. Political Economy. Throughout the Course, Lectures on the Holy Scriptures. DKauiciis. — The Degree of Bachelor of Arts is conferred upon all stu- dents in good standing wlio are approved at the final examination of the Senior Class. 32 Candidates for the Degree of Master of Arts in course, must show tliat they liave, since talking tlie Bachelor's Degree, been engaged for tliree years in the study or practice of one of tlie learned professions, or in otlier scientific or literary pursuits; and each candidate must deliver to tlie Faculty an Essay upon some literary or scientific theme. Literary Societies.— The two Literary Societies, the Philojiathk- siAN and Xu Pi Kappa, have always been fostered by the College. The Society Halls are very commodious, and have been fitted ujj at great ex- pense, occupying the whole of the second and tliird stories of the central portion of Ascension Hall. All the students are active members. The meetings are held every week, for practice in declamation, essay, oratory and discussion. These exercises, with the nmtual criticism which forms a part of the regular work, and the generous rivalry maintained between the Societies, contribute very much to the education of the students as writers and speakers, '^ Libraries. — The students have access to the libraries of— The Theo- logical Seminaiy, Kenyon College, the Philoinathesian Society, and the Nu Pi Kappa Society. Tlie aggregate number of volumes in these four libraries is about 19,000. Religious Influences. — The influence of the Cliristian religion is regarded as an essential feature alike in the Theological Seminary, the College, and the Grammar School. The Chajjel exercises conforni to the creed and form of worship of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Attend- ance at Chapel is obligatory. The Chaplain is a Clergyman of the Pro- testant Episcopal Church, selected by the Bishop, whose Episcojjal supei - vision extends to the sjiiritual intei'Psts of all the Institutions. Property. — The lands, buildings, apparatus and endowments at Gimbier are valued at about lialf a million dollars. HISTORICAL SUMMARY LAKE ERIE FEMALE SEMINARY, :FOI^ 1876- Lake Erie Female Seminary was so named from the adjacent lake, and is located in Painesville, Lake County, Ohio. It was incorporatedy^d^ tfre gehe/M ^t-atvites of Ohio, the articles of associmion and the'Auditor's ce'tititicate re- quired by the statutGf^bearing date June 23,^J.1$56. The corporators were : \vSJliam !>. Perkins, Aaroti Wilcox, Timothy Rockwell, (.m^igte^-Ab ,-^YSP^'^''^^- l^add and Reuben Hitchcock, all resKrent iVeeholders of Lake Connty. The first Board of Trustees was elected by the corporators June 24, 1856, and consisted of Aaron Wil- cox, Reuben Hitchcock, Charles A. Avery, Edward L. Plympton and Timothy C. Martindale, of Lake county ; Orimel H. Fitch, of Ashtal)nla county; Rev. Thomas C. Clark, of Trumbull county ; Rev. John C. Hart, of Port- age county; Rev. Carlos Smith, of Summit county; Rev. James A. Hoyt, of Cuyalioga county ; A. A. Bliss, of Lo- rain county; Rev. David A. Grosvenor, of Medina county; Rev. Fredericiv H. Brown, of Mahoning county ; Lester Taylor, of Geauga county ; and Rev. Alfred Newton, of Huron county, all of the State of Ohio. The Trustees hold their position during life, or until their seats are declared vacant by the Board in pursuance of the by-laws, and vacancies occurring in the Board, by death or otherwise, are tilled bj^ the Board of Trustees. This Institution is not under control of State, local or muuicipal authorities, uor under the Common School sys- tem. It is not under the patronage or direction of any rehgious denomination, but is designed to be eminently Christian in all its management in every department, and is patronized by all Evangelical denominations, though more extensively by Congregationalists and Pres- byterians. The town of Painesville, in which the Institution is located, is on the Lake Shore Railroad, and is thirty miles east of the city of Cleveland. It is also connected with Youngstown, Ohio, by the Painesville and Youngs- town Railroad. The grounds and premises comprise 14 acres, including a grove of oaks and chestnuts, and abundant space for line effects in landscape gardening when the means of the Institution shall permit. The original building, completed and opened Septem- ber, 1859, is 180 ft. by 60 ft., and four stories high above the basement, which is occupied as dining hall, domestic hall and store-rooms. The lands occupied with the improvements and build- ings are now worth $100,000, of which $75,000 to $80,000 is in the building, the original cost of which cannot now be accurately ascertained. An improvement is now in prospect in the addition of a building 74 ft. by 40 ft., to be connected with the main building, and to contain a dining hall, library, and thoroughly furnished depart- ment for the care of the sick. All the grants to this Institution have been derived from individual sources and have been invested in the lands, buildings and improvements, and in the library, apparatus and furniture. It has no endowment, or per- manent fund, but greatly needs it. The articles of association declare the object proposed by this Institution to be " to promote thorough and com- plete female education,'' and " for that purpose the system of instruction, the principles of government and the gen- eral plan of management shall be substantially after the model of the Mt. Holyoke Seminary, at South Hadley, in Massachusetts." In 1847, a school for young women, taught by gradu- ates of Mt. Holyoke Seminary, and under the care of a Board of Trustees, was begun at Willoughby, Lake county, Ohio. The instruction was thorough, the aims of the school high, and it was an acknowledged power for good throughout this region. After some years, Rev. Roswell Hawks, who had been interested in the founding of Mt. Holyoke Seminary, and had aided in collecting funds for that Institution, was invited to Willoughby by the Trustees of the school to consult with them in regard to its interests. About this time the buildings occupied by the school were burned, and a question arose as to its permanent loca- tion. Mr. Hawks was in favor of a larger town. Liberal offers beiug made b}" citizens of Painesville, and other considerations favoring, this town was selected as the location of the Seminary. It was not intended that the school should be local in its chajracter. Rev. Roswell Hawks was appointed an agent to present its claims and solicit subscriptions through Northern Ohio. Contribu- tions came mainly from Lake county. Father Hawks, as he was familiarly called, with gentlemen of Painesville specially interested, Reuben Hitchcock, A. Wilcox and C. A. Avery, labored with untiring zeal in providing means and in superintending the erection of the building. Miss Lydia Sessions and Miss Mary Bronson, gradu- ates and teachers of Mt. Hol\'oke Seminary, were elected Principal and Associate Principal. Miss Bronson spent several months in Painesville, prior to the opening of the school, in preparing those who were candidates for en- trance. The Principal and Associate Principal, with seven assistant teachers, most of them graduates of Mt. Holyoke Seminary, took possession of the building and opened the school in September, 1859, with 127 pupils, all boarders. The plan of education proposed can be best stated in the words of Mary Lyon, the noble founder of the parent institution : 1. Buildings for the accommodation of the school and of boarders, together with furniture and all other things necessary for the outfit, to be furnished by volun- tary contributions, and placed, free from incumbrance, in the hands of Trustees, who should be men of enlarged views and of Christian benevolence. 2. Teachers to be secured, possessing so much of a mis- sionary spirit that they will labor faithfully and cheer- fully, receiving only, a moderate salary compared with what they could command in other situations. 3. Style of living neat but very plain and simple. 4. Domestic work of the family to be performed by the members of the school. 5. All pupils to room and board within the walls of the Seminary. 6. Board and tuition to be placed at cost, or as low as may be and still cover the common expenses of the family, instruction, etc. 7. The whole plan to be conducted on the principles of our missionary operations ; no surplus income to go to the teachers, to the domestic superintendent or to any other person, but all to be cast into the treasury for the still further reduction of the expenses the ensuing year. The experience of seventeen years in this Institution has proved the value of these principles. No material deviation from the original plan has been made. The cost of board and tuition has varied, but has been kept at the lowest possible point. It is now $165 per year, including steam-heated rooms and lights. The domestic work, frequently misunderstood and severely criticised, has proved to be invaluable in its influence on character, as well as an important means of reducing the ex] tenses. Requirements for admission to the Seminary are few in number, and are adapted to the region in which the school is located. Geography, grammar and arithmetic, to Percentage, are required on entrance. Examinations are thorough. Three weeks are allowed for review, if, ■upon examination, there is found to be a deficiency in any study. Candidates failing after this opportunity, are obliged to prepare elsewhere. The course of study is as follows : JUNIOR YEAR. Latin Reader and G-rammar — Harkness. Arithmetic, (finished.) Algebra — Loomis. Physiology — Hitchcock. History of the United States. Analj^sis of the English Language. Bible : Genesis ; Exodus ; the Gospels. English Composition. JUNIOR MIDDLE YEAR. Sallust, Latin Prose Composition — Arnold. Geometry — Loomis, Natural Philosophy — Quackenbos. Botany — Gray. Ancient History, (Wilson's Outlines, Univ. Ed.) Rhetoric — Quackenbos. Bible: Joshua; Judges; Monarchy till the death of Solomon ; Acts. English Composition. SENIOR MIDDLE YEAR. Virgil. Trigonometry — Loomis. Modern History, (Wilson's Outline, Univ. Ed.) Chemistry — Stockhardt. Astronomy — Peabody. English Literature — Shaw Backus. Bible : Monarchy from the Revolt to the Captivity ; Hebrews. English Composition. SENIOR YEAR. Cicero. Geology — Dana. Natural Theology — Chadbourne. Evidences of Christianity — Alexander. Mental Philosophy — Haven. Moral Science — Wayland. Butler's Analogy. History of Literature — Botta and Schlegel. Bible : the Prophetical Books ; Ezra, Nehemiah and Romans. English Composition. Competent instruction in French, German and Instru- mental Music will be provided. Those who pursue these studies will be expected to give them such time and thor- ough attention as they demand, and will therefore re- quire a longer time to complete the course. For such instruction, and for the use of a piano, a reasonable extra charge will be made. Instruction will be given without charge in Vocal Music in classes, in Reading, Penmanship and Drawing. The question of a Preparatory year is under consider- ation ; the terms of admission to be the same, some stud- ies of the present Junior year to be included in the Pre- paratory year, and a more liberal course of study to be thus secured. Diplomas signed by the Principal of the Seminary and the Secretary of the Board of Trustees are, by vote of the Board, on recommendation of the Principal, given to those who have completed the prescribed course of study. Certificates of attainment are given, when requested, to those who complete the full course. In this Institution, religious influences are regarded as essential. The arrangements of the school and family are on this basis. The Word of God is daily honored, and family worship is maintained, attendance upon which is obligatory. The Library contains 1554 volumes, obtained by dona- tions from individuals. The reading room is furnished with valuable periodicals. The Seminary possesses a collection of minerals ; chem- ical apparatus, procured in Germany with special refer- ence to laboratory practice ; a manikin and twelve mag- nified models ordered from Dr. Auzoux, of Paris, with a skeleton and other appliances for anatomical study to the value of eight hundred dollars, and the nucleus of an art gallery in a collection of photographs and casts. The number of pupils for the school year 1875-6 is 100. Nine in the Senior class. The number of graduates of this Institution, including the Senior class of 1876, is 150. The number who have engaged in teaching, after grad- uation, is 102. The number of regular teachers is 11, an increase of 4 over the number employed in the earlier years of the Seminary. Lectures in Chemistry are given by Prof. E. W. Morley, of Western Reserve College. During the ])resent school year, lectures in English Literature have been given by Prof. N. P. Seymour, of Hudson, Ohio, and lectures in Physical Geography, by Hon. T. W. Harvey, of Painesville. It is expected that courses of lectures will form a part of the instruction of each year, and that an advance will be made in every department of study. Lake Erie Seminary enters upon the new century with promise of success in its work of training women for the highest siervice in the church and in the world. MARY A. EVANS, Prinm'pal. TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN LAKE ERIE FEMALE SEMINARY IN EACH CLASS ANNUALLY. YEARS. oi o 3 .2 Q 1360 37 7 16 48 51 49 21 30 8 8 78 67 30 42 72 81 103 79 12 43 42 38 51 71 64 51 10 20 12 13 19 12 25 24 44 9 8 12 11 17 12 10 2 1861 9 1862 12 1863 7 1864 7 1865 11 1866 6 1867 18 1868 15 1869 15 1870 15 30 31 26 41 32 4 1871 7 1872 ] 873 10 6 1874 6 1875 10 GOOOODOCODOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQOOOCCOO ^T --1 -^I ^T ^4 --T Oi OJ 05 Oi O CI Ci C5 05 Oi Ol _*- iO to f p «C po ;-J p _01 itk _cc to »-- p •< a > ■a ••toi-'iih-'il-'i-'ii:::: California. : ^ ! : i ; • i : i : 1 : 1 i ; Colorado. bo: : : ■ • t>Bi-'i-'t>3: t-'i-': : Connecticut. i-": tssto: : ■ • • i-'i-'i-'i-i: • i District Columbia. iiii-i-'t-'i-'i-'i::;::: Georgia. lOstohJi-'tC'to: tocjiinocitct-'toco Illinois. • : i-'i-'i-': ■ h-'h-': cow: • i-ibo Indiana. I : I-'i-'i H^h-'i-': totots: • • • Iowa. :>-' ::::::: M ::::: : Kansas. ; ! i M ! i ! ; ^ i : : i : : Maryland. • H-': h-iMtoi i-'i-'i-'t-'i-': ; )-': Massachirsetts. : MCorf».^s^5: cocooo-^^ito: to: Michigan. 1-' ': ts CO • I-" : h-' : • • t-- : i i-" Minnesota. • :: to : t-' :: •:::::: : Mississippi. : :::::::::: : : jtoil-':::::::;::!-':: Missouri. ; i : : : ►"* to : I • : 1 : : : • : 1 Nebraska. : : i I i • : i : t3 : i : : : : : New Hampshire. :::::: I-' i ::::::: i New Jersey. : i : : 1 i : : : : i : i I-' : i New Mexico. !coS;£>0>*.: «CO~T^ICOOO-JC7irf^tO New York. -ToboociC;' :>5C;t*-ov-'coooDCnoou-i CJtOOCn^l*^!— 'a*GCrf^CnH-»COCCQOCn 1 Ohio. h-'l-'i-' i-ii-ii-i^l-i tjoi-')-' (!-'-^&3tDOOOOOi^--D-^>p^-^002lf^tO Pennsylvania. I i : i i i : : i " i 1 : I ; i Rhode Island. I-' : : H-i i-i hj 1 1 i to • : • • • Tennesseee. 1 ; i 1 ! : : ! i 1 i : 1 i " '^ Tetcas. Vermont. 1 Virginia. i i-'h-'coto: : coi-'to: i-'i-'i-'i i Wisconsin. tococcco: : >-' : : : i-'i-'i-'k-: • Foreign Countries. HISTOiaiC^Ij SiCEOTGIEI MARIETTA COLLEGE. Founded at Marietta, Ohio, February 14, 1835. Tlie hi.'^torian of one of tlic niosl }»roinint'nt of our 8tate Univfi'sities, after de.^crihinii; the stormy times through which the Institution had passed, says : "But the l)est thing- wliich can be said of the Law school is, tliat it has no his- tory. No differences of opinion as to its management have ever been l)rought before the public ; its classes have ma- triculated and graduated in succession, and nothing has arisen to furnish matter of discussion."* What is here said of that Law school may lie said of Mari- etta College. From its establishment to the present day it has been singularly free from excitements and troubles, and it has pursued the even tenoi- of its way, aiming to give the best possible training to the young men who have sought its privileges. The Trustees have never l)een divided into parties, and its Faculty has ever been harmonious. In the sense in whicli the woi-d "liistoi'y" is used in the ))aragra,))h quoted above, the College fui'nishes little material for an historical sketch, and ])erha]>s this is the best thing which can be said of an institution of learning. The College at Marietta has always l)een closely identified witli the ])lace where it is locatecl, and its name is much more than a mere designation. The beautiful town at the mouth of the Muskinuum was settled in 17Nv th(^ Ohio '•"Ten Brook's American State Universities and the I'niversity of Miohifran, j). 227, ( 'mupaiiy, ;iii nssociatinii coniiiosccl lor tlic most [tart of tlir officers of the Krvolution. ( )!' this coinpany ( irncral Wash- infi'ton wrote : "No colony in America was over settled undei' such t'a\'or- able aiis])iccs as that which lias just comnieiiced on the lianks of the Muskingum. Information, ])ro])erty, and strength will be its characteristics. I know many of tlie settlers ])er- sonally, and theiv never were men l)etter calcuhited to pro- mote the welfare of sucli a c<)mmunity/' Tlie rehition of General fvufus Putnam to the Ohio Coni- l)any is a matter of history. He and (leneral Benjamin Tupper issued the call of the meeting at Boston, Mai'ch 1, IT'Sfi, which formed the Association. He presided at that meeting, was chairman of the committee appointed to draw up the articles of agreement, and was appointed superin- dent of the colony. The agent of the comi^any to purchase land from Congress was Rev. l^r. Manasseh Cutler.* To his suggestions were probably due some of the best features of the celebrated ordinance foi' the govei-nment of the territory northwest of the river Ohio, which was adopted by the Con- tinental Cong]'ess while Dr. Cutler was negotiating the purchase. This ordinance, says Judge Story, "is ecjually remarkable for the brevity and exactness of its text, and for its masterly display of the fundamental principles of civil and religious liberty." The settlement thus begun in 17est religious influences; a Chris- tian College, controlled by a Board of Trustees, with power to fill all vacancies in their body. The act of in(H)rporation jn-ovides for the establishment *'in the County of Washington" of an Institution, etc. It was intended to be at Marietta, the capital of the county, the place where the settlement was commenced April 7, 1788. The idea of offering the location to be determined by competitive bids was never entertained. There were no reservations as to free scholarships, and no requirements as to instruction in particular studies. The charter provides for the establishment of an institution "for the education of youth in the various branches of useful knowledge.'" The corporation were em})owered to confer on those whom they might deem worthy " such honors and degrees as are usually conferred in similar Institutions." MODIFICATIONS OK THE (HAKTKK. The charter to " Marietta College" of February 14, 1885, has been modified but once. This amendment, made Decem- ber 21, 1844, autliorized the IJoard of Truste(\s to increase tlie nunibci- of members at their discretion, provided it should not consist of njoic tlian twenty-five. It also author- ized the Board to })rescril>e l)y by-law in what manner a quorum for the transaction <»f l)usiness should be consti- tuted. • The full numtici- of iiicnil)ers has nevei' Iteen readied ; the present number of eb'cted members- — the President of the College is a member cx-oftirio, and has been annually elected to the Presidency of th<.' Board of Trustees — is twenty-one. A quorum consists of seven. SJ'I'K. Marietta is situatc^d at the mouth of the Muskingum river, the hvrgest iiorlliern h'ihulavy of the ()hio. It is the ca])ita,l <»f Washington County, wliicli was the tii'st ovo-anized in the Northwest Tevritoiv. Marietta is nearlv rlne south from ricveltmd, and a few miles north of east from Cincinnati. It has stoaml)oat communication with all places on the Ohio, and with those on the Muskingum as far as Zanesville. The Marietta & Cincinnati, and the Marietta, Pittsburgh tV' Cleveland Railways, with their con- nections, furnish direct railway communication with all })arts of the State. (iUOlNDS AND PREMISES. • The town of Marietta is laid out in blocks, 810 feet long V)y o70 wide. The College buildings occupy one of these blocks, which, situated in a ({uiet part of the town, and yet near the postoffice and luisiness portions, is perha})S the most eligible site for the ])ur])Ose which the town atibrds. The President's house is on an adjoining block, on a lot 120 feet by 225. OTHER LANDS. Donations in land have occasionally been made to the College, and some parcels are now held in Ohio, Illinois and Missouri. Such property lias been disposed of as soon as fair prices could l)e obtained. For the' most part, dona- tions in land luivc prov<'d ])rof]table to the Institution. i;rii.i)iN(;s. The etlucational vvoi'k of the College proper was carried on, till 1850, in a single building of very moderate dimen- sions. It is seventy-five feet l)y forty, four stories high, with abasement and an attic. The l)asement has long since ceased to be used for I'ecitation rooms, jts originally designed. Tlie l)uilding is now used for students" i-ooms, cxce]>t the Latin recitation i-ooni and the rciiding room. It waserected in 1832. The second building is seventy-five feet by Hfty-tlii'ce, three stories high, with a, tower. It was erected in 1850; according to the plans aixl under the supei'vision of Hon. II. K. llartc. of Mariella. On the lirsl llooi' aiv llie Vvo<\- deiit's lecture room, the .Mathematical room, the ('hcmical lecture room, ami a woi'king room for the Chemical depart- merit. Aliout lialtdt' Mic second stoi\v is oceiiided as a I'oom for the College C'abinet and aj»paratus. Tliere aix- also the Greek room, the Rhetorieal room, and "Hildreth Cabinet." In this last are deposited the specimens in Natural History and (leology presented to the College by the late S. P. Hil- dreth, LL. 1). The two Literary Societies occui)y the third Hoor. This building, whose corurr-stonc was hiid in l.S4r), with an address l)y Hon. Lewis Cass, who was a citizen ot" ^hiri- etta, in his early manliood, was erected through the lil)cral- ity of the i)eople of Marietta. The ro(tm containing tlie Cabinet and apparatus is named " Slocond) Hall." from Wil- liam Slocoml), Esq., one of tlie ])i-incij)al donors. The third building of the group was hiiislied in 1S70, and was erected by the Alumni and other students of the Col- lege. Its cost, including tlie fitting up of the two rooms for the Libraries of the tAvo Literary Societies, was about $25,000. It is two stories high, and seventy-five by fifty feet on the ground. The lower story', which is sixteen and a half feet liigli, is divided by a wide hall into two equal })arts, one of which, intended for an >Uunini Hall, is at jiresent used as a Chapel. The other half furnishes two fine rooms for the society libraries. The whole of the second story, wliicli is twenty feet high, is devoted to tln^ College Library. The room is surrounded with a gallery, and has twenty-five alcoves, each lighted with its own window. On another |iai't of the grounds is a building used for the Preiiaratory i)e])artnient exclusixcdy, thus keeping this de- ))artnient cntii'ely distinct from the College. This building is of W0(xl, while the others are of Itrick. 'i'lie three form- ing the College group are on an (^levated poi'tion of the grounds, Avith a l)eautiful slope in front. It will be seen tlial tlic outlay for l)uildiuL';s has btMMi very moderate. The Trustees have acted on the principle that the real etficien(\v of an Instilutittn of learning is in men, with books and api>ara.tiis lo work with, rathci- than in 1)lliliu)U(»(l:it ion of (his kind has hrcn provided when the ncccssitv hccamc ui-iiciit, l)Ut (Iktc has Ix'cn no aiiihitioii to cfcct line ciliHccs. ORIGIN AM) CHANCIES. It has already been stated that Marietta College owes its existenco and its siieeess to the character of the men who began, at this ])()int, the settlement of tlie Northwest. After s])endin,»i- foi'ty years oi- more in removing the forest, they could no longer ])ost])one the establishment of an institution of learning, embodying those principles and methods Avhicli had made the old Colleges of New England so efficient and prosperous. There was a deep conviction on the ])art of many of the most intelligent men in south- eastern Ohio that a literary institution of high order was essential to the educational and religious interests of a large region, of which Marietta was the center. This con- viction was confirmed by the opinions of men of high stand- ing both West and East. The enter])rise Avas undertaken by men who understood that a long and arduous work was before them. They knew that an institution conducted with reference t(^ genuine and thorough culture, witli no resoi't to superficial methods or temi)orary expedients, must be of slow growth. They had but moderate means from which to draw, but their gifts were most generous. They gave, exjtecting to give again and again, as they have done. They believed that such an institution as they ])roposed to estal)lish was indis])ensable, and their faith in its success was sti-ong from the begin- ning. Of the seven Trustees who continued to act under the charter of I800, one left the Board in 1845 on bis removal to the East, thret> have deceased, and three are still con- nected with the College. Rev. Luther (4. Bingham, a native of Cornwall, \"erniont, and graduate of Middleburv College, was ])astoi"of the Congre- gational Church at Marietta, though a member of the Pres- bvterv of Athens, when the College was founded. In con- lu'ctiou with Mr. Mansticld French, he h;i(l established a Miiih SclxM)! at Marietta, and tlie Itiiildinii,- tliey liad erected l)ecaiiie the property of t lie Coileue. Mr. Hiiiuhaiu left Ma- rietta for Cineinnati in 1888, and a few yeai-s later removed to Brooklyn, New York. He was very active in tlie early history of the College, and his conneetion witli it as Trustee continued till lric and Ora- tory, a Professor of Mathematics, and a Princi])al of the Preparatory Department. President Linsley remained at the head of the Institu- tion till 1846, when lie accepted the pastorate of a church in Greenwich, Connecticut. He devoted himself to the duties of his office with the utmost zeal and fidelity, rendering fruitful service both as an instructoi' and in the general work of administration. All who knew him will recognize the truthfubiess of the words ])enned by his successor con- cerning him : " To the deep-toned piety and spiritual fidelity of Dr. Linsley, the Institution is largely indebted for the internal religious infiuence which ])revailed, and the frequent and ))owerful revivals of religion which blessed it during the period of his Presidency ; and to his earnest conviction of the importance of the Institution to the cause of Christ and his stirring appeals from the i)uli)it, is to be ascribed much of the public confidence which it has secured, and the favor which it has met with from the friends of Chris- tian education both East and West." * •■' Dr. Linsley was born at Cornwall. Vermont, July 16, 1790 : was graduated at Middlebury College, 1811 ; was Tutor from 1813 to 1815 ; practiced law at Middle- bury 181C)-22 : pastor of the South Congregational Church. Hartford, Conn., 1824-32; pa.stor of Park Street Church, Boston. Mass., 1832-35 ; President of Ma- rietta College, 18:i5-46 ; pastor of the Second Congregational Church at Greenwich till his death, March 22, 1868. He received the degree of D. D. from Middleliury in 1837, and was a Trustee of Yale College from 1855 till his death. President Linsley was succeeded in tlie Presitlency l)y Professor Henry Smith, who had l>een Professor of Lan- guages from the founding of the College. The Institution was fortunate in all the members of its first Faculty. Four of them came directly from the Theological Seminary at Andover. and thcii' sul>se(|U('nt success attests the good judgment of the Trustees in their api)ointment. Dr. Smith remained in the College longer than any of his associates, and his de])artment of instruction furnished the o})portu- nity to leave a decided impress upon the Institution in its forming period. While those associated with him in laying the foundations of the College were men of fine ability and liigh attainments, some of them eminently so, it is not do- ing them injustice to say that the College is more indebted to him than to any other of its instructors for shaping its character, and making it a place of genuine and thorough culture. Few men have comlnned in a higher degree than Dr. Smith broad and exact scholarship, ability in instruc- tion, and eminence in the jmlpit. He resigned the Presi- dency in the winter. of 1854-55, and accepted an invitation to the chair of Sacred Rhetoric in Lan(^ Seminary, with which Institution he has been connected u)) to the present time, with the excejjtion of a few years at Buffalo, X. Y., as pastor of the Nortli Presbyterian Church. -•= Professor Jewett, a graduate of Dartmouth in 182S, left the College in 18oS. Foi'many years he was at tlie head of a Female Seminary in Alabama, and then removed to Poughkeepsie, New York. It was dui-ing his residence there that Mr. Matthew \'assar decided to appropriate a portion of his ])ro])ci'ty to the founding t)f a. College for young ladies: and it was, doubtless, owing, in ])art at least, to the influence of Professor Jewett that this munificent gift, originally intended foi" anothei' purpose, took an educational direction. He was ajipointed the first President of Vassar College, and visited Kni'ope to examine institutions with Frcfiident Smith was giaduiitt'd at iMidtllchmy College in 1827, antl was Tutor tliere from 1828 to tsiio. He received the honorary degree of D. D. at Middlebury, in 1847, and that of LL. D. at Marietta in 1874. refeii'urc to iiiethocls of instruction antl courses of study He is now living in Wisconsin. The degree of Doctor of r^aws was conferred on Professor Jewett in 1861, by the I'niversity of Rochester, New York. Professor 1). Howe Allen (Dartmouth, LS'iH) was trans- ferred from tlic cliair of Mathenuitics to tliat of Phetoric and Oratory, at liis own rcnrv Srnitb and Milo P. Jewett. The follow- ing gentlemen have been Pi-ofessors foi- vai'ious })eri()ds, but are not now in active duty: Professor .b)hn Kendrick, a graduate of l)ai'tinouth, 1.S26, and valedictorian of the class to whicli Cliief -lust ice Chase belonged, succeeded Professor . Allen in the chair of Rhetoric, et(^, in 1840. having for some veai's ipre\iousl\- been a men)l)er (>f tlu^ facultv of '■'It i-s worthy of note thai throe if tlio^o five were the valedictorian.'^ i>f their re- spective clas.ses in College. Keiiyou Collfc'fit'. He was tiaustVrrtHl to the depurtint-nt of Ancient Languages when Dr. Smith hecame President in 1846. In 1866 the department was divided, Dr. Kendrick retaining the Greek. He resigned in 1873, having been in active service in the College for thirty-three years. Since that time he has been Professor Emeritus.* Professor Hiram Bingham, a graduate of Middlebury, 1889, occupied the cliair of Geology and Chemistry from 1846 to 1849, since which time lie has been in the work of the ministry in Northern Ohio. Professor Ebenezer B. Andrews, an Alumnus of the Col- lege, of the class of 1842, was elected to the department of Geology, etc., in 1851. With the exception of two years in the arpiy as Colonel of the o6th 0. V. I., he continued to discharge the duties of this Professorship till 1870, when he resigned to enter the service of the Sfate in the Geolog- ical Survey. t Professor Addison Ballard (Williams" College, 1842) was Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy from 1855 to 1857, having previously held the chair of Rhetoric at Williams' College. He is uoav Professor at Lafayette College, Easton. Pennsylvania.:': Dr. Ballard was succeeded by Professor Evan W. Evans ( Vale, 1851 ), who occupied the ^Mathematical chair till 1865. On the organization of Cornell University he was elected Professor of Higher Mathematics in that institu- tion. He died in 1874. In 1860 Mr. Edward P. Walker (Marietta, 1S56) was ap- pointed Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature. He had been tutoi- from 1856 to 1867. The hopes cherished by his friends and associates that a long career of useful- ness was before him were cut ofl' by his death in the latter part of 1861. After the resignation of Dr. E. B. Andrews, in 1870, the vacancy was billed by the ai)]»()intment of Mr. William B. ■Dartmouth College conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws in 1870. tThe degree of Doctor of haws was conferred on him by his Ahmi Mnt, ,■ in 1870. tHe received the degree of D. D. from Williams in 1867. Graves (Aiiihci^t, 1862). Professor Graves had cluirgo t)l" the Chemical and Geological Dei)artnient till 1874, when he accepted an appointment in the Agricultural College at Amherst, Massachusetts. The gentlemen named above are all besides the present faculty who have held j)ermanent Professorships in the College, though a number have been acting Professors for short periods, or have been lecturers. George 0. Hildreth, M. D., lectured on Chemistry and Miuei'alogy from 1840 to 184o. Timothy S. Pinneo, M. D., was acting Professor of Mathematics in 1843-4. Professor Alonzo Gray gave in- struction in 1844—"), and Professor W. W. Mather in the same department in 1845-6. Professor George R. Rosseter had charge of the Mathematical Department in i850-l, and Professor William Porter, now of Beloit College, gave instruction in the* Classical Department from 1850 to 1852. Charles H. Raymond, M. D., lectured on Chemistry in 1850-1, and Rev. Charles S. LeDuc gave instruction in Mathematics in 1852-3. Professor Erastus Adkins, for- merly of Shurtleff College, gave instruction in Greek from 1857 to 1859, and in Greek and Rhetoric from 1864 to 1866. Professor John X. Lyle, now of Westminster College, Mis- souri, had charge of the department of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy from 1866 to 1868. The ])resent faculty nunil)ers eight, including the Prin- ci])al of the Academy and the tutor, tour of them being graduates of the College. President Israel W. Andrews (Williams" College. 1837,) was a])})ointed tutor in the fall of 1838, and in A]iril, 1839, was elected Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philoso- phy. Entering U])on the duties of tliat de])artmeiit at the beginning of the next college year, he continued them till 1855, when he was called to the Presidency.* Professor George R. Rosseter (Marietta, 1843,) was tutor from 1845 to 1847; Acting Professor of Mathematics in "The degree of D. D. was given him by William.* I'ullege in 18.W. and that of LL. D. by Iowa College in 1874. 1850-1; F'rincii.iil of tli<> Academy iVoiu l.S(i4 to 1S(;S, and then was elected to the chair i>l" Mathematics, Natund Philosophy and Astronomy. Professor .lohn I>. Mills (Vale, hSoo) was tutor at Yale from ISoS to 18(il. Professoi- of Mathematics, etc., here from 18<)5 to LSfiti. and was tlien transferred to tlie chair of I^atin. Professor David E. Beach (Marietta, 1S.59,) was Principal of the Academy for two years from 1859 to 1861, and in 1869 was ajipointed Professor of IVIoral Philoso})hy and Rhetoric. Professor 8. Stanho})e Ori-is (College of New Jersey, 1862) was tutor at Princeton from 1865 to 1866, and was eh^cted Professor of (Ireek in 1873, on the retirement of Dr. Ken- drick.* Professor Thomas D. Biscoe, a graduate of Amherst in 1863, tutor there one year, and Walker instructor in Math- ematics from 1866 to 1869, was appointed Professor of Chemistry and Geology in 1874. Mr. George R. Gear, an Alumnus of the College in 1867, has heen Principal of the Academy since 1871, and the |»resent tutor is Mr. Charles K. Wells, of the class of 1874. It has been stated al)ove that Professor Maxwell, the first Principal of the Academy, continued in charge of it till 1855. Since that time some graduate of the College has heen Princi})al, with tlie exception of two years, from 1862 to 1864, when it was under the care of Rev. Edward F. Fish, a graduate of Hamilton College. Of the tutors, all have been Alumni of the College except for the year 1838-9. The Avhole nund)er of instructors — Presidents, Professors, Principals of the Academy and tutors — has Ijeeu tb)-ty four: of whom twenty-nine have been Marietta graduates. The institution has thus hon- ored its educational work by calling ba(dv its Alumni, and committing to them tlie responsible work of instruction. '■■The honorary degree of Doctor of Philojiophy wni^ oonffrreJ on Professor Orris by the College of New Jer.sey in 1875. Tlic experience of the CoUetie is (leeidedly tavoraMe to tlie election of young men as Professors. It lias been st'cn that four of the tive gentlemen composing the tirst faculty came directly from the Theological Seminary. Of the seventeen ditferent Professors, five only had heen engaged in other professional work. These tive had heen pastors of churches; l:)ut, with one exception, that of President Lins- ley, their jieriods of clerical service had heen short, rang- ing from two to six years. All hut one entered upon their duties as Professors at an early age. Eleven of the seven- teen had been tutors, here or elsewhere, before becoming Professors. Two of the three Presidents were elected from the corps of Professors: in both cases men who had come here in early manhood. The aggregate time si)ent by these two in the work of instruction in the College has amounted to thirty years. One feature of the College was modi tied after a few years experience. When the institution was oi)ened provision was made for daily labor, agricultural and mechanical, and each student was required to work three hours a day in summer, and two in winter. As early as 18H.S the shops were directed to be rented, and manual laltor became op- tional. The last mention of it in the annual catalogue is found in that for 1842-0. PLAN OF EDUCATION AXD COUESE OF STTTDY. In founding the institution it was the purpose to estab- lish a genuine College of the New England ty]ie. It has been seen that all the members of the (original Faculty had been educated in the Eastern Colleges, and the same is true of those Trustees who had received a liberal education. Of the seventeen who have held permanent chairs in the Col- lege, thrcH^ wer<' graduates of Middlebury College, three of Dartmouth, two of Amherst, two of Williams, two of Yale, one of Princeton, and four of Marietta. The Institution was thus moulded after the New England type, and its course of study and general plan continue to be substan- tiallv the same as in those Colleges. At lii'st s[>t'ci;tl ai'faugcniciils were hukU'Ioi- tlu' insti'iic- tioii of teachers; but that (k'[)artn)ent soon took tlie tonii of the Scientific course, found in so many C'oDeges, embracing all the branches ))nrsued in the classical course except the Aucieut La.nguag(\^, with some additional work in Ahithe- matics and its a] (plications. But while this course, though interior to the classical, was good in itself, as is shown in the case of the few stndents who completed it, the difficult}- was that the students did not remain to finish it. What- ever may have been the cause, this was the fact. While the regular courses was completed by sixty percent, of those who entered it, this short course of three years was com- pleted by only six jier cent. It became evident that such a course Avas no advantage to the College, and was a doubt- ful good in any educational sense ; as in all probability many who studied awhile in the short course would have completed the longer one had there been no other. It was given U]) about twenty years since. There have been occa- sional students who, while not (candidates for a degree, have been ])ermitted to recite in certain studies for which they were fitted. The experience of the College is decidedly ad- verse to any alternative courses of study wbich are not sub- stantially e(|ual in time and degree of culture to the full classical coui'se. With scarcely an exce})tion, tbe Professors have gi\-en no instruction in the Preparatory l)e}tartment, nor bave tbeir energies been exhausted in attempting to carry on a num- ber of parallel courses of study. Their strength b;is been concentrated U])on the ]tropei' undei'graduate course, and they believe that tbe result has shown the wisdom of this ])olicy. The requisites for admission luive been gradually in- creased, and such changes have l)een made from time to time in the studies of the course as experience and tlie jirogress of the times have made desii'al)le. The optional system has not been regarded with favor. The first President, in his inaugural address, characterizes the theorv "that ea(;h should follow his iiredilections, and pursue those studies only foi' which he has the must relish ;uul tht! l)est capucity, as I'lillacious in theory and niiscliiev- ous in pi'actici'.'" The same system was also discussed l)y the present President at liis inauguration in l.Soo. He sayw: "This CoHege has not wasted her energies or jeoparded the interests of her young men l)y any rasli experiments. She has pursued that (course which the experience of the jmst and the wisdom of the most learned have pronounced to he the hest adapted to seouic the highest and most sym- metrical development of the human intellect/' Whatever changes have taken place, the })rineii)les underlying and guiding have I'emained the same. Ahii'ietta has no hesita- tion in declaring a decided i)reference for the methods adojited at Vale and Williams over those at Charlottesville and Ithaca. In matters of internal arrangement, each class has sixteen literary exercises a week, including the declamation on Wednesday afternoon, which all the students attend. These daily exercises are not (consecutive, the first heing at about half past seven o'clock, the second at eleven, and the tliird at half past three in winter, and half past four in summer. The class system has been carefully maintained in distinc- tion from that which would allow a Freshman, or it may l)e a, Pre})aratory student, to i-ecite with the upjx'r classes, perhaps with the Seniors. The custom, well nigh univer- sal forty years ago, of attending morning ]irayers and recita- tion l)efoi-e breakfast, and at a very early hour, was changed at Marietta in 1.S40. HKLKIIors INFLUEXCKS. The foundei's of the College were religious men, and their purpose was to estaltlish a Christian Institution. The de- sign and aim have been to furnish the best facilities for instruction in ail the branches of a lil>eral, non-professional education, and at the same time to bring the students under religious influences. A leading object was the training of young men for the work of the gospel ministry. One of the first donations was the sum of 15,000, yiven b\- Deacon Sa.ni- iicl Tr;i:iii, d]' Mc'tlfoi'd. Miis.'^acliust'tts, towards a, fund for aiding the .student^; who were preparing for this woidv. But the Institution is under no eeelesiastieal control, and neithei' charter nor hy-hiw imposes any restriction in the election of Trustees or Piofessors. The first Board of Trus- tees, nine in nundx'i-, had in it menihers of five different denominations. And the fund s})oken of ahove is used to aid young men of promise Ixdonging to any evangelical de- nomination. The chapel services hekl eveiv morning, and attendance upon which is oliligatory, consists usually of reading the seri|»tures, singing, and prayer. Tntil 1-S68 there was a chapel service every evening also. There is no cha})lain, and on the Salihath students attend those churches in town which their parcnits prefer, there heing no'^veaching ser- vice in the chajjel. All the (Masses have a Bihlical exercise on Monday morning. Thirty-seven per cent, of the alumni have studied for the ministry. It may also he stated that seventy-six per cent, were professedly religious men at the time of their gradua- tion, and that twenty-four per cent, were convei'ted in Col- lege. 1 ' I { K F^\ 1 { .\ T ( » II ^■ D J-: J ' .v K T M !•: xr . From the first a se])ara,te department has heen in opei-a- tion, with the oljject of pi-eparing young men for College, Since lS40it has heen known as the Marietta Academy. It has a ])ermanent Principal, who receives the same salary as a Professor in ( 'ollege. The coui'se of study occupies three years, and tlie school, in its jtlan and ap])ointments, is s))e- cially designed for those seeking a lil)eral education, though others are received. Of those arepai'ed at this Ai-adcniy. The average annual attendance, as shown from all the catalogues, is 7o ; the average foi- the last ten vears is lO;'). LIBKAKTES, r.VBTNETS, ETC. As cjirly MS December, 18;U. Prt)te,ssor Heurv Smith ol)- taiiied leave of absence, with continuance <»f sahirv, to go to Eui'ope tor the ])iirpose of study. His (lei)artui'e was de- layed, hoAvever, till the summer of 1836. and meanwhile efforts were made to raise funds for the jnivehase of books and apparatus. Most o])portunely, though (juite unexpect- edly, the sum was increased by the gift of $1,()(K) from the estate of Samuel Stone, of Townsend, Massachusetts. A like amount was given U) each of several Colleges, for the pur- chase of bo(>ks. The ))ortioii coming to Marietta was ex- pended for ])hilosophical works. Dr. Smith says: "These books were carefully selected and purchased, for the most part, l)y a personal attendance U])on the grea.t a,uction sales of Leipsig and Halle. In this way the Institution came into possession of one of the most valuable collections of classi- cal works in the West, and for a sum probably less than one- third the price it would have cost in this country." In 1850 a special cttbil was made by a few friends to in- crease the library. .Mr. houglas Putnam gave $2,500, Mr. N. L. Wilson |1.5()(). Mr. William Sturges $1,250, Col. John Mills $1,000, Mr. Winthrop P>. Smith $500, and others in smaller sums, i^csidcnl Smith ex]>en(led most of this monev alu'oad. thus increasing largely the numbt-r of works needed in the several departments of instruction. Subse- quent j)Urchases have been made from year to year, almost all with refei-ence to the wants of the Professors. The Col- lege librai-y is thus largely ]>rofessorial, the Literary Socie- ties ])roviding for the current literature. In 1S.')(), Di'. Samuel I'. 11 ildi'et li, an eminent luituralist of Marietta, gave to the ( 'ollege his cabinet of niinei'als, etc., together with souk^oOO volumes, chietly scientific and his- torical, lie eontinued toadd to this collect ion till his death, 18(>), since which time h is son, ( Jeorge ( ). 1 1 ildi-etli. .M. D., lias made nuniei-ous addil ions. 'i'hi' College has also recei\cd many valualde works from lion. William A. W h it t lese\- a ud lion. Willia,m P. Cutler, both of Marietta. From various otlicr scturccs tbf College has received l)(M)i;>. H lias a lil».i-ai'y of ahout 1,000 volumes, anil a, collection of cui-iosities illusti-ating heathen customs. The present number of memlx-rs is ?A}, Tlicrc iiic two t^t'crc't Societies — the Alalia Di Ganiiiia, lornied in 1859, with 18 inenibers at present, and a total of 148; and the Alpha Sigma Phi. formed in 1860, having 20 members, and a total of loO. There is a ehapter of the Delta Upsilon, an anti-secret fraternity, formed in 1870, with 21 members, and a total of 66. An Alumni Association was formed in 1841, and has been maintained with much interest. In 1860, a chapter — the (Tamnia — of the I'lii Beta Kappa Society was organized at Marietta, l)y Dr. John Kendrick (Dartmouth), Gen. T. C H. Smith (Harvard), and Professor E. W. Evans (Yale). .V Boating Association has been in existence a few years. The Muskingum River, on which there is slack-water mivi- gation, furnishes unsurpassed facilities. Nundjer of mem- bers, 61. gkaduatp:s. The first class was graduated in 18;)8. From that time the series has been unbroken. The whole number of Bach- elors of Arts is 404. Ten have completed a shorter course, and are entered as Bachelors of Science on the triennial. The class (regular) of 1888 numbei'ed 4, that of 187o num- bci'ed 22. No class has Ijeen larger than the last, and none smaller tlian the lirst. It has been stated before that 60 i)er cent, of those enter- ing the regular classes have com])leted the course. Taking- all the catalogues ])ul»lished from l.S;)7-;'>8 to 187-")-76, the ratio of Seniors to Freshmen is as 67 to 100. On the 88 cat- alogues to 1874-75, the number of graduates is to the num- ber of Freshmen as 66 to 100. The alumni have come tVom twenty-tive States, froni the District of ('oluml)ia, from Caiuida, and from England. Ohio has furnished 290. \Mrginia (including West \"irginia) 19, New York 12, Indiana and Kentucky each 11, etc. Wash- ington County, of which Maiictla is (he ca pilal, has fur- nished 125, or 81 per cent, of the \vhol<'. .\nd lor the last few veai's tlie catalogues show an avei'age of fortv students troDi this ('(tiiiity, Itcinn '•"•' I'"' <';t<'li one tliousand of (lie })()ltulati(in. TIr* unulujitcs ai'c (list i'il»utc(l aiiionij: the profcssious and occupations as loilows: ('Icrtiviiicn, l'>7 pciM^eut. ; business men, 25 per cent.; lawyers, 17 pei' cent. ; physicians, 8 per cent. ; teachers, S per cent. : all others, o per cent. Seventy of the alumni are sons of cleruynien — 17 ])er cent. Counting the present Senior class as ffraduates, the (V)llege has amono- her alumni 120 in u'roups of two, three and four in a family. Three families have sent four sons each, eight have sent three each, and forty-two have sent two each. Thirty-six of the graduates came from other Colleges to finish their course here, and thirty-two who have left Mari- etta have taken their degrees elsewhere. The College has not knowingly received a student from another College who did not bring the customary papers. The honorary degree of Doctor of Laws has been conferred on sixteen gentlemen, that of Doctor of Divinity on twenty- seven, that of Doctor of Philosophy on one, that of Master ^f Arts on thirty-seven, that of Bachelor of Arts on one. The following persons have received the degree of LL. D. : Hon. Peter Hitchcock, 1845; Hon. Samuel F. Vinton, 1847; Hon. Gustavus Swan, 1851 ; Hon. Reul)en Wood, 1851 ; Hon. Edward D. Mansfield, 1853; Samuel P. Hildreth, M. D., 1859; Hon. William Dennison, 18H0; Hon. William V. Peck, 1860; Hon. Noah H. Swayne, hSfi:]; Hon. Aaron F. Peiry, 18B5; Hon. Joseph (J. Wilson, 1865; Hon. Chauncey N. Olds, 1869 ; Professor E. B. Andrews, 1870; Professor T. (J. Worndey, 1870; Hon. Edward F. Noyes, 1872; Pvev. Henry Smith. 1). D., 1874. OKA NTS AND ENDOWMENTS. The College has been sustained entirely by private gen- erosity. It has never received from the State or Nation an acre of himl or a dollar of money. It was not founded in consecpience of any large gift from an individual or family, nor did the town vote, or the ))eo]ile ])l(Mlge, any sum foi'the sake of securing the Institution at that ]»oint. The first ettort to niisc I'limls was tit'tcr the cliartci' had liccn ()l»t;iiiicd, and this was to ]niy for tlit' propci'ty which tlic 'rnistccs had purciiased, at a cost of $wards: 12 have given $5,000 and ujiwards; and four have given $10,000 each and upwards. The largest single gift is $25,000. Most of the donations have l)een given for the general purposes of the ('ollege. And when made for a specified use, as for a building or the library, it was because of spe- cial need in that direction. Allusion has already been made to a donation of $5,000 to aid students having tlH> ministry in view, which was made very early. Smaller sums have been added, ]»ut the fund has never become large. It has, however, furnished aid to a large numl:)er of young men who are now preaching the gos|)el, and has l)een of great service to the College. As early as 1834 an efiort was jiegun to raise funds in the form of sf/id/iirs/iijis, liut neither then or since has any e(_>un- tciiancr Keen iiivcii to tlic system nf clicnii s(•lu»l;ll•slliJt^. The tuition Itcinti; tlion $'2r) a year, tlic donor of -1^1(10 iniaht send a son, or one whom lie miji'ht ado))! tor the pur})ose, to the Institution for four years. And a largei' sum o-iven would entitle the donor to free tuition for a |»roportionate numher of years. In later years some })ermanent scholarshi})S hav(^ l>een endowed, on the hasis of ."l^l.OOO eaeh. the occupants for the time hein«; reei'ivino- free tuition. The same i)rinei])le is recognized in these as in the tcnijtoraiy s(diolarships. They Avere never intended as an investment from which the holdei- mij>ht receive a money income, the student pay- int>- to him the tuition instead of to tlie ("olleiic treasurer, hut were given to henetit the Institution, and at the sanu' time aid deserving young men in securing an education. There are now twenty-eigiit such })ermanent scholarshijis, each one entitling the occupant to gratuitous tuition. The price of tuition was twenty-five dollars a year to 18o7, then raised to thirty dollars, and in 1871 to thirty-eight. The interest of $1,()00 is more than the tuition fee, hut less than the cost of tuition to the College. The selection of the stu- dent is in nearly all teases left to the College. There are also two scholarships of the same amount, the income of which is used in aiding such students as may need assistance. For some years jiri~j'x have heen awarded to students in the three upper classes distinguished for excellence in gen- eral scholarship during the i)revious yeai'. Csually the sum of sixty dollars has l)een divided hetween the best two in (»ach of these classes. Two small prizes foi' excel- lence in Declamation have heen given to two students in each of th(^ So])homore and Fi'eshman classes. Recently Rhetorical jirizes have heiMi awarded to the two or tliree in the Junior chiss who have excelled in that department. These prizes are hut partially endowed as yet. thougli they have been regularly paid. In 184)) an association was t'oi'melucation at the West."" Marietta was one of the institutions whose circumstances led to the formation of the Society, and was one n\' the (irst live taken under its patrona.ae. Aid was received tlii'(iui:li this S()ur<'e t'of aUout twentv v<'ars, and tlie cause of education owes l: rea t( •! •li- gation to that Society. The CoUege is too younu' to liave reccdved niU(di aid in the foi'ni of /(-(((tries, hut a heuinninu' lias lieen made. Two bequests have heeu made of .f"),(K)0 each, l)oth from Co- lumbus, in this State. Mrs. Mai'v Keyes left this sum to found Hve scholarships for fui-nishiuii- m'atuitous instruc- tion to young men preparing foi- the ministry, and Mr. Daniel T. Woodbury liequeathed a like amount for the general endoAvment fund. In a number of instances information has been received that generous persons have ma,de testamentary provision for the C'ollege ; and from the character of the testators and their warm attachment to this institution, there is no reason to doubt that their generous purposes will be car- ried into execution. Allusion has already been made to the w'arm interest manifested in the College l)y the people of Marietta and the immediate vicinity. At its founding they gave gen- erously according to their ability, and each succeeding decade has witnessed a large increase in theii- benefactions. Their gifts have amounted to Sl(v'.,()(K). What has been said of the ])eo|>le whei'e the College is located, may be as emphatically said of the corporation to whom the management of its affairs has been entrusted. The Institution has been to them from the first a foster- child. They have regarded themselves apiwinted not merely to manage and control, l)ut to nourish and strength- en. They have (Micouraged benefactions in others by mak- ing them themselves. Their various gifts reached the sum of $lHo,0(H). The only work for the College which the .\hii)iiu\ as a bod}^, have undertaken is the erection of the Liltrary building. This was completed in 1870, at a cost of $22,000. If to this be added the cost of fitting up the two rooms for tlu' lihrarifs ol' thv LitiTury SiM'iftit'H, which was horuc hy the undergraduates^, aided hy the Alumni, the whole expense may l)e j)Ut at •1?2o,(X)0. Tlic class of hsyi gave, as a parting gift, on commencement day, -i^ljoOO for the endowment of a class scholarship. The various gifts from Alumni and other students prohably exceeds i80,0(X). And since this sketch was begun a new Alumni movement has l»een inaugurated, with evei-y ]irospect of success — the founding of an Alumni Professorshi]). The el1:()rt originated with the Marietta College Club of Cincinnati. Avhose mend)ers manifest a degree of enthusiasm and lil)eralitv which can hardly fail to stimulate theii' fellow and successful co-o]teration. The following is a list of donoi's to and U])wards : Alumni to a hearty the amount of Sl.OOO Douglas Pntnaiti S4tJ,S0()iRev. Di John Mills 21,700 Noah L. Wil-on 13,850 Charles W. Potwin 10,000 Benjamin B. Gaylord (5,600 Jo.seph Eldi'idge andfaniilv $1,400 Wm. A.Whittlesey 1,400 Prof. J. L. Mills 1,350 Joseph Perkins 1.300 Mrs. Marv Keves ."),SO0 J. Mnnroe Brown 1,300 Hanmel Train! 5,000i Wintlirop B. 8mith 1,3(K) Preserved Smith 5,000 Prof. E B. Andrew.s 1,230 Daniel T. Woodbnrv 5,000 George Dana 1,100 Wm. P. Cutler ' 5,000;Marcus h'osworth 1.100 A.J.Warner 5,0()0!W. W. WicUes 1,100 Francis C. Sessions 5,000'Silas Slocumb 1,100 SanuielP. Hildreth 4,100 Samuel Stone 1,000 John C.Calhoun 3,vS00lSamuel Willi.ston 1,000 Samuel Shipman 3,075 President Henrv Smith 1,000 Tiio.s. W. Williams ;!,(;oo; Robert Ilamiltun 1,000 Loval Wilcox 3,500j Wm. .Johnson 1,000 President Andrews .3,000 x\. T. (ioshorn 1,000 David C. Skinner 2,925;A H. Hinkle 1,000 Wm. R. Putnam 2,800 Nahum Ward 2,300 John Newton 2,100 Rev. L.G. Bingham 2,000 Jonas Moore... 2,000 David Putnam 2,0(10 Wm. Slocoinb 2,(100 Anson G. Phelps 2,000 Mrs. Frances A. Morgan.. . 2,0(i0 Rev. Wm. Van VIeck 2,000 Cornelius B. Frwin 2,(»0(» Prof. John F\endrick 2,()0(» Rufus Pi. Dawes l,(i()(J P.emaH (iates I, .500 Anst'lm T. Nye .". 1,500 Isli/.nr Smith 1,.5(»0 .lohii P.radley 1,500 Win. .Sturges 1,475 r.. C. Hopkins 1,000 J<.iin Field 1,000 Cutler LaHin 1,000 IjeCJrand Ijockwood 1,000 W. .1. Breed l.tJOO R. M. White 1,000 Wm. ShaHer 1,000 Henrv Stanlev 1,000 Timothv W. Stanlev 1,000 Rev. Dr. Geo. M. Ma.xwell.. 1,000 Douglass Putnam, Jr 1,000 Henry C.Brown 1,000 K. C. Davis 1,000 Wm. Thaw 1,000 Wm. F. LoiKlun 1,000 Dr. and Mrs. A. I), l^ord I,(t00 Mrs. Kc.bert Hamilton 1,000 Mrs. John Mills 1,000 < OLLKGK PTBLICATIONS. " The First Annual Report of the Trustees of Marietta Col- legiate Institute" was published in August, 1884, and the '' Second Annujvl He])ort of the Trustees of Marietta ( 'ollege " in Se]>tenihei'. IS:')."). The lirst catalogue of the othcers and students \v;is for the college year ISoT-S, jind the annual issue has been continued. A list of tlie Ahnnni (in En- glish) was ])uhlished with the annual catalogue for 1844-5. The first Latin triennial was publislied with the catalogue for l.S4()-7: and tlic triennial has been issued regularly since that. The laws of the Collegiate Institute were ])rinted in 1834, and the laws of Marietta College in 1840. with a catalogue of the library — the htttei' occU]»ying forty-two ])ages. An- other edition of t he hi ws was pi-inted in ISo'i. A catalogue of till' CoUege liWrai'y was |)repai'ed in IS-iy l>y Tuto)' E. P. Walke]'. and printeil. It occu])ied one hundred and sixty- six pages, the nund)er of volumes being nine thousand. A card catalogue is kept of all additions. In 1850 the Society of ln(|uiry puitlished their constitu- tion and by-laws, w ith a cafalogue of iuend»ers, and cata- logues of theii' lilii'ary ami cabinet. A catalogue of the Psi (hnniua Society was published in bSOl. The inaugural aildresses of three Presidents were pub- lished: President hinsley having been inaugurated July 25. lS;i8: President Smith, -luly HO, 1888, and President Andrews, .luly "jr.. 1S55. The address l)y Rev. Thomas Wickes, in behaH' of the Trustees, is i>rinted with the inaugural of President .\ndi-ews. The exercises at the TwentvrHfth Anniversary, June 27. 1860. were published in a i»am])hlet of sixty pages. It contains the historical address liy the President, with remarks by Pev. Di'. I ). Howe Allen, one of the first Pro- fessors, and In- Hon. William Dennison, the (Governor of the State; also, \arious speeches at the dinnei-by Trustees, Ahinini and o1 hers. .Man\' oi' 1 he addresses and orations deliverecl before the College or its S(»cieties luivc i)eeu jjubliyhed. Among them are the following: Professor E. Ballantine, Literary Socie- ties, Literary Charactei- of the Bible. 1840; Rev. L. W. Seeley, Literary Societies, ISol ; Rev. President Charles White, Literary Societies, Characteristics of the Present Age, 1852; Hon. W. S. (Iroesbeck, Literary Societies, The Shape of Human (Jovernments, 1855; Rev. W. W. An- drews, Society of ln(|uiry. The Work of the Church in America, 1855; President Andrews' discourse on Tutor A. M. Washburn, 1860; Hon. Ali)honso Taft, Literary Socie- ties, 1861; President .Andrews, Phi Beta Kappa Society, The American College. 1869; Hon. Willard Warner, Alumni Address, 1869; .Fames (^. Howard, P]s(j., Alumni Address, Art Education in >\meri('a, 1871; Rev W. G. Andrews, Alumni Address, The Relations of the Scholar to Labor and Capital, 1872; Hon. .b)sep]i (i. Wilson, Alumni Ad- dress, 187B.^^^ "The Marietta Collegiate Magazine" was begun in .lune, 1854, and eontinued through three volumes of nine num- bers each. "The Marietta Collegiate Quarterly" (pub- lished by the Senior class) began in November, 1865. Only one volume was issued. The "Marietta Olio" was started in November, 1872, and is still continued. After the first volume it was styled "The College^ Olio." It is published b}' the two Literary Societies. The Faculty have had little time for the [(reparation of text-books or other works connected with education, though they have written a number of articles for journals, and divers educational addresses have been published. Presi- dent Smith translated and edited the Homeric Lexicon of Crusius Avliile connected with the College; and President Andrews has recently pul)lished a Manual of the Constitu- tion of the Cnited Stat<'s. (■oij-K(;k statistics. Tables have bt^Mi jjre pared, showing the statistics of at- tendances in the l^icparatory Department and in College '■ JudKe Wilsiin iticd very sudiliMil.N- :i few lir<>ceedinj;s of the Alumni were imlilished by the Alumni. from the colU'gc yc> c Year. a. 35 a, 151 eS j 60 Ph 54 p- 1838® 1846... 1854... 1862... 1870... 73 1839 46 1847... 1 117 1S55... 30 1863... 47 1 1871... 100 1840 30 1848... 107 1 1856... 22 1864... 56 1872... 116 1841 36 1849... 109 1 j 1857... 38 j 1S65... 74 1873... 119 1842 (i6 1850... 89 1858... 40 1866... 85 1874... 107 1843 80 1851... 79 1859... 33 1867... 100 1875... 117 1844 118' 1852... 50 1860... 40 1S68... 102 1876... 100 1845 125 1853... 50 1861... 51 1869... 92 'The statistics are taken fri)iii the catalogue |', 1851, 18fi.5, ia58. 1872. <'()Hr<)i;ATii)N. Israel W. Aiifhcws. I). D., IJ>. D.. I'lcsidcnt : -lohn Mills, Marietta; Douglas Putnam, Harniar : Anselm T. Nye. Esq., Marietta; Rev. Addison Kingsbury, 1). 1)., Zanesville ; Hon. Simeon Nash, (lallipolis ; Hon. William P. Cutler, Marietta; Hon. William R. Putnam, Marietta ; William Sturges, Esq., Chicago, 111.; Rev. E. P. Pratt, 1). 1)., Portsmouth; Samuel Shipman, Marietta; Rev. Henry M. Storrs, D. D., Brooklyn, N. v.; Benjamin B. (^aylord, Es(|., Portsmouth; Francis C. Sessions, Esq., Columbus; Rev. (xeorge M. Maxwell, 1). D., Cincinnati ; Hon. Charles W. Potwin, Zanesville; Gen. Ru- fus R. Dawes, Marietta ; Hon. Alfred T. Goshorn, Cincin- nati ; Rev. Theron H. Hawks, D. D., Marietta; William J. Breed, Esq., C^incinnati ; Rev. William E. Moore, D. 1)., Columbus ; Col. Douglas Piitnam, jr., Ashland, Ky. FAcn/rv. Israel W. Andrews, D. D., LL. D., President, and Putnam Professor of Intellectual and Political Philosophy ; .lohu Kendrick, LL. D., Emeritus Professor of the Greek Language and Literature; George R. Rosseter, M. A., Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, and Lee Lecturer on Astronomy; .John L. Mills, M. A., Professor of the Latin Language and Literature; David E. Beach, M. A., Professor of Moral Philosojihy and Rhetoric: S. Stanhope (^rris, Ph. D., Professor of the Greek Language and Literature ; Thomas D. Biscoe, M. A., Professor of the Natural Sciences ; George R. (rear, M. A., Principal of the Preparatory Department; Charles K. W>lls, B. A., Tutor and Lil)rarian. TERlNrs OF ADMISSION. Candidates for admission to the Freshman class are exam- ined in English Grammar, Geograj^hy, Arithmetic, Alge- bra through Quadratic Equations, three books of Geometry, Latin Grammar. Caesar's Commentaries, six books of the iEneid of Virgil, Cicero's Orations against Catiline, Greek Grammar, and four liooks of Xeno]ihon's .Anabasis. Addi- tioiuil MatlK'UUitics will \k- uccepted a.-< a .sLib.stitute foi' a portion of the Greek. For advanced standing, the candidate, whether from an other College or not, in addition to the preparatory studies, is examined in the studies to which the class which he wishes to enter lias attended. No one can be admitted to the Freshman class till he has completed his fourteenth year, or to an advanced standing without a proportional increase of age. Testimonials of good moral character are in all cases re- quired, and those who come from other Colleges must pro- duce certificates of dismission in good standing. COUKlSE OF INSTRUCTION. The course of instruction occupies four years. The Col- lege year is divided into two terms or sessions. KKKSHMAN CLASS. Fird Term — Livy ( Lincoln's) : Latin Testament; Herodo- tus; Algebra (Loom is"s) ; History: Elementary Rhetoric. Second Term — Horace (Odes, Satires, and Epistles); Latin Testament: Latin Prose ('A,SS. Fird Term, — Quintiliau, Book Tenth; The Agricohi of Tacitus ; Orations of Demosthenes ; Greek Testament ; Ger- man ; Mechanics, Astronomy ; Rhetoric (Whately's). Second Term — Thiicydides ; Greek Testament ; Natural Philosophy; Astronomy; Guizot's History of Civilization; Psychology; History of English Literature. Darlinithe Year: Compositions and Original Declamations. SENIOR CLASS. Fird Term — Logic; Political Economy ; Evidences of Chris- tianity (Hopkin's) ; Chemistry. Second Term — Woolsey's International Law; Moral Sci- ence ; Constitution of the ITnited States (Andrews's) ; Min- eralogy; Botany; Geology (Dana's). Durinfi t/u' year : Com- positions, Debates, Original Declamations. Mount Union College, . MT. UNION, OHIO. Mount Union College was founded with a definite de- sign, quite distinct from any other Institution. Its dis- tinctive Plan, dating from its provisional organization, October 20th, 1846, has ever since continuously outlined the elements of its progressive character ; while its pres- ent appointments, provisions, permanent improvements and regular workings under its charter legally per- fected January 10th, 1858, show its attained growth and usefulness. Its name originated in " the idea and intention of uniting the people, on the philanthropic principle of voluntary patriotic Christian unity, through a common interest and just representation for the common good, by offering equal advantages to all with preference to none, in perserving eflForts for the united or integral education of all the faculties of the common mind." The true history of the College, showing the facts, growth and results of its plan, would be misunderstood, without constantly keeping in mind, as its cherished goal, the following incorporated or fundamental objects : — 1. To found for the people a cosmic College, where any person may economically obtain thorough, illustrative, integral instruction in any needed studies. 2. While retaining the traditional classical course, to provide, in accordance with the true demands of our nature and country, fresh college courses and departments distinctively essential to the full and harmonious education of all the faculties. 3. To enable persons of either sex to take any general course, or a special or elective course, or such study or studies in any depart- ment or course, and for such time, as their choice and life-character may need. 4. To furnish a healthy, moral, pleasant and accessible location ; ample grounds and commodious buildings; normal systems of in- dustrial, social, aesthetic and physical culture, and self-government ; thoroughly qualified and reliable professors and trustees ; also superior apparatus, cabinets, museums, galleries, observatory, implements, gymnasiums, botanical gardens, parks, models, minia- tures, relics, charts, natural, historical and aesthetic specimens, as cosmic endowments, with which to illustrate and apply each study. 5. To make the college a voluntary, representative, patriotic, phil- anthropic, christian and progressive Institution — not compulsory, sectarian, antiquated, arbitrary or partial ; to hold its property per- petually in trust for the educational benefit of students ; to aid enter- prising students to support themselves ; and, accordingly, to arrange the sessions, and regulate the price of students' board (their chief expense), and to keep wholesome boarding at certain low rates, by generously erecting buildings, and furnishing rooms and ample boarding facilities. 6. To perpetuate the Institution, with God's continued favor, by largely keeping the College internally self-supporting, and exter- nally by permanent improvements as representative free-will oifer- ings ; and by adapting the College distinctively to the true needs of a free people. The Charter. — The main reason for chartering the Institu- tion as a College, was the better to carry out the foregoing " funda- mental objects ;" the time being arranged to suit the large attend- ance of students who had, in the Seminary, been pursuing a full College Course, and who desired to graduate and obtain the Degrees legally and honorably from the Institution where they had received the instruction. The original corporators were 0. N. Hartshorn, I. 0. Chapman, G. W. Clarke, E. N. Hartshorn and R. R. Hilton. The general act of the Charter passed the Legislature of Ohio March 11th, 1858, as seen in Swan & Critchfield's revised statutes, page 269 ; and provides that the College shall " have as a body cor- porate and politic, perpetual succession and existence, with all the ordinary powers of corporations ; " " can sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, in all courts of justice and equity ;" " may possess, dispose of, aqd hold all kinds of estate, real, personal and mixed, acquired by donatiori, demise, or otherwise," and through its Trustees and Faculty " may exercise all the powers, and enjoy all the immunities, usually pertaining to Colleges and Universities of the United States." Leading Provisions. — The property is not owned by any in- dividuals or organization, but is held perpetually upon trust, by a board of Trustees, for the educational benefit of students. It is also required that the Trustees and Faculty shall carry out pro- gressively the foregoing fundamental objects of the Institution ; that they shall acquire and supply the means of a true integral education to persons of both sexes, irrespective of their religions or political opinions; that the Faculty shall possess and exert the requisite authority to establish and administer all necessary and proper regulations for the integral instruction and government of the College pertaining to students, and for general, elective, special, practical courses of study ; that the Institution shall be conducted in accordance with the principles of the Christian religion as revealed in the Bible ; that any Department or School that may be established, or any Literary Society, or other organization composed of students, shall be under the supervision of the College authorities ; that all moneys and property of the College shall be faithfully and safely appropriated by the Trustees, to the purposes for which they were respectively donated ; that the College shall not be a close corpora- tion : that the Trustees hold their office during three years, one-third of the number determined upon being elected each year ; that in electing the Trustees, any candid person, religious denomination, or philanthropic organization, donating to the College money or property, shall be respectively entitled to one voice or vote for a Trustee, for every twenty-five dollars actually donated to the College by said persons, denomination or organization, thus respectively patronizing the College ; that the Institution shall be patriotic and Christian, but not sectarian or partisan, and be generously conducted on the philanthropic principle of voluntary patriotic. Christian unity, with the view of doing the greatestgood to the greatest number. Thus, through trustees whom they elect as their representatives, the College is equitably and generously controlled or governed by the actual people who, with a united interest and just representa- tion for the impartial and equal good of all, voluntarily bear the responsibility of contributing the means for building up and sus- taining the college in its benevolent mission. The degrees or other honors that may be conferred, are similar to those that may be granted by Colleges or Universities of this or otter countries. The oiiglnal grant of property, under wliieli the College property was obtained, was donated by the person first named in the list of original corporators. There were no limita- tions, as to time of organization or acceptance of conditions. The charter has undergone no modifications ; contains no limitations or reservations as a condition in grants or otherwise with respect to scholarships, or requirements as to instruction in particular studies. Organization. — Immediately after perfecting the Charter, the Institution was regularly and efiiciently organized as a College, by the election of a suitable Board of Trustees, Professors, Commit- tees and Ofiicers ; the adoption of proper by-laws and courses of study, the classification of students, the publication of all needful information, and by the legitimate and continuous exercise, through its Trustees and Faculty, of all its appropriate functions, in accord- ance with its Chartered Powers and Immunities. Liocafion. Mount Union, Ohio, being the location of the Institution before its incorporation as a College, continued to manifest the requi- site enterprise and generosity which would prompt the citizens to furnish, as needed, all suitable grounds and buildings for its growth and continuance. In thus locating the Institution, its founders selected a site healthy, accessible, removed from the temptations of large cities ; among a moral, intelligent and enterprising people ; and in a region possess- ing natural resources. This unusual combination was found in Mount Union, a Village whose corporation extends to the city of Alliance, Stark Co., Ohio, and with which it is united by Plank Walks, and by Omnibus Lines connecting with the several Railroad Trains. It is in that desirable portion of the country toward which the leading Hallways converge. It is four hours' ride west from Pittsburgh ; about a half a day's ride east from Chicago ; four hours' ride north-west from Wheeling; and three hours' ride south from Cleveland, so that it is easily reached by Riil, Telegraph and Mail, from all parts of the country. Alliance Union Depot, the Railroad Station fo- Mount Union, is the Junction of the Cleveland, Pittsburgh and Wheeling, with the Lake Erie, Alliance and Wheeling, and the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago, Railroads — the latter road being one of the great thoroughfares between the Atlantic and Pacific. The Institution occupies the highest ground in Ohio, overlook- ing the Mahoning River Valley, and miles of highlands beyond. The air is pure, and the surrounding country beautiful. It is in the heart of a populous and fertile region, with rare agricultural, manufacturing and commercial advantages. No intoxicating drinks are sold in the Town ; the people are moral, hospitable and refined. Cultured, congenial Society, the economy of living, and superior Educational Facilities, have led many persons to found here pleas- ant homes for retirement. Such considerations make this an at- tractive and valuable Location for those who have children to edu- cate, and who wish to exercise some supervision in their educational pursuits, during the period of student life. Grounds and Buildings. The Grounds, occupied by the Institution and its appendages, are naturally elevated, beautiful and fertile, being adapted to building sites, ornamental planting, botanical gardens, pai'ks, recreations, drives, and experimental and model cultivation. Their cultivation and special im- provements are limited, though some progress has been made in under- drainage, grading, walks, and the planting of evergreen and forest trees. A map of the College Grounds, showing their extent and design, will soon be prepared. The buildings are of two kinds — those connected with the instruction and those for boarding purposes. Buildings for Instruction. — The main or central building was com- menced in the spring of 1862 and completed in IS&i, and dedicated Decem- ber 1st, 1864, the address being delivered by Hon. S. P. Chase, LL. D., a trustee of the College. The ground plan of this building is 116 feet long by 72 feet wide, three stories high above the large basement story, having an atic, clock and bell-tower; also connected with it is an observatory substantially built up of masonry, and adapted to both terrestial and celestial observations. The walls and partitions are constructed of over ten thousand cubic feet of stone and about a million brick; the cornices are iron and roofs slate. The building is symmetrical and has an elegant and substantial finish throughout, being designed for chapel, recitation and apparatus rooms, cabinets, laboratory-, department libraries, andjtwo literary halls, so constructed that they may be easily opened into one hall capable of seating over 2,000 persons. The value of this building at com- pletion was estimated, at $100,000 by the architect, Col. S. C. Porter, of Cleveland, 0. Some of the departments of instruction, including the Museum, being in buildings and apartments too limited, it is proposed to erect the com- ing season, "a new and capacious Museum Building, containing gymna- sium, library and several experimental, recitation and other rooms." A considerable portion of the funds have been subscribed by the citizens; and, if the balance is speedily secured, this building will be erected im- mediately on a beautiful site a few rods from the central building, the proposed cost of erection being $50,000. The trustees have resolved to advance the Commercial Department to the broader basis of an Industrial College, requiring its removal to a more "commodious and widely separated building, containing rooms for a superior industrial museum, etc.," and perhaps requiring enlarged grounds for an industrial farm, or other illustrative purposes. A considerable amount has been subscribed to purchase, for this purpose, the building known as the Alliance College, a large, substantial, nearly new, well- planned and finished edifice; it being beautifully located on an elevated and commanding campus, in plain view of the central building, and dis- about a mile. BuiLDtNGS FOfi, i3oARDiNG. — In 1864 the main building previoilsly occil- pied by the College for instruction, was reconstructed, with the view of aiding to accommodate students with furnished rooms and economical boarding facilities. in 1866, a new, substantial and tasteful Boarding Hall was erected and properly completed and furnished. Its ground plan is 135 feet long by 47 feet wide; four stories high above the large basement story. On the principal floors seventy-six pleasant rooms are constructed. Each room has a sejjarate entrance, and is well ventilated and properly arranged for warming, light and other conveniences. Some groups or suits of rooms are conveniently arranged to accommodate several students from the same family, as brothers and sisters. The first or basement story is adapted to cooking and dining rooms, laundry, bath rooms, etc. The walls and partitions are made of stone and brick, and the roofs of slate, being, like tlie central and other buildings, approximately fire-proof. The architect, Col. S. C. Porter, of Cleveland, estimated the value of this building at $50.0(.K3, exclusive of the furniture and of the large addition to the grounds purchased at the time of its erection. Table-board for six hundred students, if desired, can be here furnished at cost, on the co-operative plan. Students can rent the rooms unfur- nished, fully or partly furnished, and board where and as they prefer. Each of these buildings is under the superintendence of a suitable family, appointed by the College to see that the students are properly cared for as in home-life. A separate portion of this building is designed to accommodate lady students with good rooms as retired and enjoyable as in a private family. The sole object of erecting or keeping up these halls is to aid in carry- ing out the following PLAN OF BOARDING. 1st. The College regulates the price of Students' board, (their chief expense,) and keeps it at certain moderate rates, by erecting Buildings and supplying Rooms, Furniture, Table-board and Fa- cilities for Club, Co-operative or Self-boarding, to the students who apply for any or all of these, at such published prices as will simply cover current cost of board and repairs — no charges being made for capital, buildings, or other permanent improvements required. 2d. Many Citizens are providing Facilities above mentioned, at about the prices established in College Buildings. 3d. Other families supply Dining-rooms, Furniture, etc., and cook for a " Club," whose members pay (pro rata) a reasonable price for the cost of provisions, services, use of Dining-room and Furni- ture. 4th. Some students rent Rooms and Furniture, and Board themselves — the numerous provision stores, bakeries and other markets, both in Mount Union and Alliance, being constantly sup- plied with an abundance of fresh articles, so extensively produced in the surrounding community, thus making it easy to obtain any kind of provisions delivered at lowest prices. Students can choose board, with fully or partly furnished rooms in the same house ; or rent a room, unfurnished, partly or fully fur- Dished, and board where and how they may prefer, at the published prices for each item chosen. The College, by regulating these prices, thus guarantees a great saving to students, on the usual average price of Rooms and Board at other Colleges of like advantages. Students are allowed to room or board where they prefer, restricted only by good order. The lowest total Expense per term or year, rather than transi- tory prices of minor items, is the matter con.sidered. The tuition or term fee varies but little in Colleges ; but prices of Rooms, Board and Incidentals, differ greatly in different places, because, if left mainly to private individuals, they unite and pledge themselves to certain prices with a view to their own profit. Colleges cannot reg- ulate prices of Rooms and Board, and keep these down, without care- ful management, and vast outla3's for Buildings and Boarding Fa- cilities. Few Colleges are willing to take such responsibilities. Property and Title;^. The property of the College has been obtained chiefly by donation, and is all in good condition and permanently secured to the College by good titles in fee simple, being free from all encumbrances. The College owes no debts except on account of erecting the Boarding Hall in 1866, which indebtedness, however, is all provisionally arranged for. <](rants and Endowments. 1. The original grant under which the College was chartered was donated by 0. N. Hartshorn December 12th, 1857, embracing, as appraised in the recorded schedule, all the property previously used bj' the Institu- tion, including the grounds buildings, furniture, cabinets, apparatus, implements, specimens, etc., and by him, as required by the State, con- veyed in fee simple to the College as a body corporate and politic. 2. A series of grants by Professors 0. N. Hartshorn, Ira 0. Chapman and Geo. W. Clark, denoted by them in equal amounts from 1859 to 18(J4, chiefly in monej' for purchasing ai>paraius, including the telescope — estimated at $8,200. 3. A grant of about eight acres of additional College p^rounds donated by,W. A. Nixon and varions others, deeded to the CoUeere December 25th, 1861. i. A grant of six hundred and thirty acres of land, donated by a friend of education, and deeded to the College November 15th, 1864. 5. A series of donations by divers persons, including many generous contributions of citizens in the vicinity of Mt. Union and Alliance, of the means for erecting on the College grounds in 1862 and '64, the main or central building, its value being estimated by the Architect, Col. Porter, of Cleveland, at $100,000, 6. A series of donations, chiefly by the students, made prior to 1866, for procuring books for the libraries of the Republican and Linnaean Literary Societies and furniture for their halls — estimated at $6,300. 7. Various conditional subscriptions amounting to $34,000 by divers persons, reported March 186Q. 8. A few small grants in 1866, to apply on erecting the Boarding Hall and purchasing ten new pianos, and a large addition to the College grounds. 9. Subscriptions reported at $20,250.25, by divers persons, made at and prior to the Commencement, June 21st, 1866, among which was a donation of $500 by D. W. C. Longshore, of East Fairfield, 0. 10. The donation of $25,000 made October 4th, 1866, by Lewis Miller, of Akron, 0., endowing the Professorship of Philosophy and Astronomy. 11. The donation of $25,000 made October 4th, 1866, by C. Aultman, of Canton, 0., endowing the Professorship of Mathematics and Civil Engi- neering. 12. The donation of $25,000 made October 4th, 1866, by Jacob Miller, of Canton, 0., endowing the Professorship of Moral and iVIental Philosophy. 13. The donation of $1,000 made October 4th, 1866, by Miss Libbie Aultman, daughter of C. Aultman, of Canton, 0. 14. Donations amounting to $2,375.25 made October 4th, 1866, by citizens of Canton, 0-, among which was a donation of $500 by H. R. Wise. 15. Grants of land at sundry times by different persons. 16. Grants of money and material prior to 1874 by divers persons, for specific improvements, chiefly libraries, furniture and improvement of grounds — $500 beinac subscribed in books by W. A. Ingham, of Cleveland, 0. 17. Munificent grants for the Museum repeatedly made by a few liberal patrons of the College — the value of the Museum being estimated at $251,000. A history of the Museum will be published upon the completion of a new Museum Building. 18. A munificent grant of an extensive silver mine in Arizona, donated to the College March 23d, 1876, by Col. Wm. G. Boyle, of London, England. Col. Boyle, being a Civil Engineer, also a member of the Geological and Chemical Societies of London, has devoted the past twenty years in test- ing and superintending silver mines in our Western Territories. 19. A munificent grant of a large silver mine in Montana Territory, near Bannoc City, donated to the College, April 13t'i, 1876, by James Hammond, a resident of Bannoc City. Mr. Hammond lias spent the past twenty-five years as a practical civil engineer and manager of silver mines along the Rocky Mountain Range. Both this and the Arizona mine have been worked, and the silver ore has proved to be of excellent quality, specimens of each being in the Colleg; Museum. All money or property donated to the College, with all interests or proceeds therefrom, instead of being used to pay professors or other current expenses, have, in all instances, been applied to increase the permanent improvements and facilities for the benefit of students. The income to the College of the small tuition or term fee, averaging to a student in the several departments only fifteen dollars per term, on an average attendance in the departments of 495 students — about the number of students now in the departments — is equal to the income of interest, at the rate of six per cent, per annum, on a permanent moneyed endowment fund derived from scholarships, or donation, of $495,000. Origin and Karly History. As the purling rivulet, issuing from some perennial spring, gradually carves its channel through flinty rocks, and enlarges its current by each additional streamlet, forming at length a majestic river, whose lucid waters, in their onward course, widen and deepen by accessions from a thousand noble tributaries ; so has Mount Union College providentially taken its humble origin, and has regularly progressed in appointments, permanent improvements and usefulness, by constantly developing, through voluntary agen- cies, its fundamental objects of integral culture, until it has largely gained a distinguished position in the confidence and aifections of the American people, its patronage having aggregated over twelve thousand different students, coming from thirty-four States and Territories. The Institution was first organized as a small Semiaary, with six students, October 20, 184(J, at Mt. Union, Ohio, by 0. N. Harts- horn. In a few days the number increased to twenty, consisting of young men and ladies residing in the village and neighborhood, and five students from a distance, who had attended the public schools which he previously had taught. These five students hired rooms and employed a family to furnish utensils and cook the provisions which they furnished, the teacher and some others boarding in the same " club." A simple yet efficient system of self-government was adopted. Voluntary classes were soon formed in the Common Branches ; also in Algebra, Geometry. Latin, Natural and Mental Philosophy, Chemistry, History, Astronomy, Music, Physiology, and in Social and Physical Culture. In addition to some Appara- tus and Natural Specimens owned by the Teacher, other simple Apparatus was extemporized and Specimens collected, as needed for illustrating and applying the studies. The Instituiion was pro- visionally organized with a broad or cosmic, yet a simple and " dis- tinctive plan," designed to be impartially and progressively adapted to the true educational needs of the people — it being provided that the Institution was to be voluntary and Christian, not sectarian or partisan ; also to be internally self-supporting, chiefly from a moderate tuition or term fee of three to five dollars per month, as a partial equivalent for the illustrative integral instruction, and ex- ternally supported by represeatative free-will offerings. In the fourth week of this first' term, there was regularly organ- ized, as a permanent Department of the Institution, a Literary So- ciety, subsequently named the " liepublican Literary Society," whose object was the promotion of Literature, Friendship and Morality. As in the Institution, so in this Society, both sexes were admitted to equal membership on precisely the same terms. Its sessions, like those ol the lustitutiuu, were at all times to be open and free to visitors, and conducted every Friday evening during each term, in an orderly, profitable and spirited manner. The interesting fact decisive of the first determination and sys- tematic eflforts resulting in founding the Institution, and the first definite public statement of its proposed character, will be better understood by accurately relating The Memorable Event. In the fall of 1846, shortly before organizing, while endeavoring to remove the general apathy, certain opposition to the plan arose. The efforts to overcome either the apathy or the opposition, seemed fruitless. It was finally decided to call a public meeting to discuss the plan. This meeting being held October 4th, 1846, in the public school building — John Hair, senior, presiding — there was by citizens a free and earnest discussion of the plan, touching the leading points of the proposed " fundamental objects." Some, also, objected, on the ground that the enterprise was too great, consequently a humbug ; or, if possible under liberal State patronage or other munificent support, that the rural life of the Teacher, having been raised the son of a common farmer in the adjacent neighborhood, would dis- qualify him for so protracted confinement, and for the clear and persevering thought and devotion requisite to inaugurate or develop the plan. The teacher, having been invited to be present and partici- pate, was pleasantly introduced by the Chairman ; and kindly re- plied, briefly submitting and illustrating the following distinctive features of the plan : — " An Institution, whose plan embraces these fundamental objects, is likely to meet with honest and persistent opposition, and will, at first, be small, arduous and of slow growth. There will, however, soon commence somewhere, and gradually develop, as God may open the way and raise up generous and eSicient helpers, a superior Institution for the People, where any person of either sex may economically obtain illustrative integral instruction in all studies, from those taught in our common schools, to those needed to qualify students for any department of society, or industrial pursuit. From the farmer's country home and the mechanic's or merchant's cot- tage, rather than from the palace, come those of sound mind and body, who, by force of will and thought, prove themselves the pioneers and persevering laborers in the arduous and usually thank- less work of true reform, national weal and human elevation. " Integral culture, that is, the education of the whole man, is neces- sary to the observaqce of the laws of our phi'sical, intellectual, social and moral being, consequently, to individual happiness and public welfare. All youth of either sex, and of whatever rank or condi- tion, have a natural and equal right to the full and harmonious education of all their faculties — physical, intellectual, affectional and volitive — no person being endowed by the Creator with a super- fluous power or susceptibility. We should begin and properly train not merely the intellect, which is less than a third of the faculties, but each group and class of faculties in their natural order, so as to round out the character and fit the student for the varied duties of life. " The school is a community, and should be a model of the so- ciety for which it is to prepare and fit the minds of its members. The sexes are designed properly to live together in the same com- munity, and should be educated accordingly. The vast amount of unproductive (because uneducated) labor, expended in the agricul- tural, manufacturing and other industrial pursuits, requires new de- partments and courses of elective studies. The need for better teaching in our public schools, renders normal departments and sys- tematic normal training a necessity. School government should be such that all the faculties — intellectual, aflFectional and volitive — act promptly, voluntarily and harmoniously. The indispensable matter of wholesome and economical boarding, with proper aids to the self-support of students, needs wise attention and generous ex- penditures for facilities. The true demands of our nature and country, require in superior Institutions, truer modes of living and more improved methods of instruction and courses of study, than those so arbitrarily prescribed centuries ago. "Next to modernized courses of study, moral, JBsthetic and in- tegral culture, and to thoroughly qualified and reliable teachers, suit- able apparatus and specimens for fully illustrating and applying the principles of Science, are most necessary to a student's success, enabling him easily and quickly to acquire and permanently to retain proper discipline and knowledge. While general courses of study should be duly prescribed for those who will take them ; there should be allowed liberty in the choice of studies, with provision for suita- ble elective and special courses, prominence being given to the order and methods of test.Gh.ing practical studies. Students also need the wisest, most afiectiouate and timely aids or incentives in voluntarily forming proper habits, especially as to their morals, social relations, manners, thoroughness, promptness, self-reliance, self-government, industry, economy, and an intelligent and honest observance of all the laws of their being. Those endovred with the greatest capacities, rise from the mass of humanity, and belong to the industrious ranks. Voluntary, conscientious and adequate thought, feeling and action, are essential to integral education, or the full and symmetrical cul- ture of all the faculties, so indispensable in the development of true character. But the Schools of the land, from the lowest to the highest, only undertake to educate chiefly the intellect, (less than a third of the faculties); hence the signal failure to round out the character, and prepare the student for life's actual duties. " Every person should have educational opportunities, as extensive and varied as his capacities. The fact of bestowment, is God's per- sonal command to each person to educate symmetrically, as a human being, all his faculties, to their full capabilities ; also His solemn warrant for us to begin at once, and gradually develop the funda- mental objects of this plan, by progressively supplying to students, as He may help, the highest quality and quantity of educational opportunities in our power. The Institution should be patriotic and Christian, not sectarian or partisan ; and as free to all as possible. Internally it should be largely self-supporting, and externally by representative free-will offerings, in order to adapt it progressively to the true needs of the people. Aesthetic, industrial, social and moral culture should be promoted, as in a well-regulated family home. Also, let the Institution receive a name expressive of the idea and inten- tion of uniting the people, on the philanthropic principle of voluntary patriotic Christian unity, through a common interest and just repre- sentation for the common good by offering equal advantages to all with preference to none, in persevering efforts for the united or in- tegral education of all the faculties of the common mind." After a few lively replies to these proposed distinctive features, and some definite expressions of a willingness that the plan be tested, the meeting adjourned, with the opinions of the mass of citi- zens unchanged ; though out of the previous chaos of apathy and opposition, by means of the thoughtful and honest agitations and efforts introduced at this meeting, resulted the orderly steps which gradually led, both to a better understanding of the true principles on which it was designed to found and conduct the Institution, and to the arduous work of successfully inaugurating and managing its first and succeeding sessions. Earlj Facts awd Results. The first term having expired, the second session, without an in- tervening vacation, was commenced, in February, 1847, in the same "factory building," with about the same students and classes. During this term numerous citizens, also many teachers from adjoining communities, visited the Institution or Literary Society. The first academic year closed in the ensuing spring, with a public examina- tion of all the classes, and a musical and literary entertainment. The second school year commenced in the fall of 1847, with twenty-five students, the same general plan and classes being con - tinued with a few additional studies. The factory building being otherwise used, there had been fitted up for the purpose, during the preceding vacation, apartments in a large but unfinished building, denominated " People's Meeting House." Some additional appara- tus and specimens were procured for illustrative teaching. After patient thought and labor, the second academic year closed in the ensuing spring of 1848, with the usual examinations, and a public literary performance, by the members of the Literary Society. Soon after commencing the fall session of 1849, the teacher, 0. N. Hartshorn, being a classical graduate, in cursu, of Allegheny College, in the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, having also been a student three years at another Institution, organized, in addition to the previous studies, classes in Ureek, French and Grerman, also additional branches in mathematics, natural science and literature, with book-keeping, logic and rhetoric. Towards the close of the preceding vacation, the teacher had purchased, and caused to be completed and furnished, the large building last used. In a few weeks, he also purchased some choice additions to the nucleus of mineralogical and geological cabinets, philosophical, chemical and astronomical apparatus, mathematical implements, and of historical, geographical, botanical and physiological collections. He also em- ployed two competent assistant teachers. The students, registered during this session on the rolls of the Institution, technically de- nominated " Mount Union Seminary," numbered sixty-two. Du- ring the following winter session, the students numbered sixty -eight, about one-fourth being ladies. The Literary Society, first organized November 20, 1846, having enrolled as its regular or attending members nearly all the students, was, December 15, 1849, named the "Republican Literary Society of Mount Union Semina- ry." In the earlier history of this Society, in addition to the regular performances in declamation, composition, instrumental and vocal music, debate and criticisms, half an hour was appropriated to the exciting exercises of competitive spelling. The ensuing spring and summer sessions showed a large increase ot advanced students from a distance. This academic year was continued with- out any vacation between the terms, and closed with its summer session July 4th, 1850, by the students devoting the whole day, in the presence of a great concourse of people, to a literary and musi- eai entertaiDtnent, held in a large and beautiful grove, near the Seminary building. During the ensuing summer vacation, some special arrangements were made to accommodate the students from a distance, with fur- nished rooms and wholesome and economical boarding. First I¥orinal Orgauiziition. During the spring, summer and fall sessions of 1850, many of the students, having taught public school the preceding winter, felt, as did a number of others, the need of special and thorough preparation for the responsible work of teaching. In order to meet this demand, there was organized, at the opening of the fall term, August 26, 1850, a Normal Department. The leading provisions for this Department, including the Teacher's Course of study, were published in the Annual Catalogue for this Academic year, in connection with the provisions and courses of study in the Classi- cal, Scientific and Musical Departments. During the ensuing win- tar session, there was in attendance a large number of lady stu- dents, who, having taught public school during the previous sum- mer, desired also to enter this Normal Department. The public demand for better qualified teachers regularly in- creased ; consequently, this Normal Department continued to grow rapidly in both numbers and usefulness ; and received the personal superintendence and instruction of the Principal of the Institution ; two additional assistant Teachers having been employed in other Departments. Didactics, or the Science and Art of Teaching, was combined with integral culture, and with plain illustrations and applications of each of the common branches, by means of such simple apparatus, instruments, maps and natural specimens, as could easily be obtained and used in all common schools. The call for trained Teachers at greatly improved wages, so increased, that usually a large number of students earned enough by teaching during the winter season, to defray their entire expenses during the chief portion of the academic year. A Critical Juncture. In the spring of 1851, the attendance of advanced students from a distance greatly and unexpectedly increased. This increased de- mand for illustrative integral instruction, so providentially made upon the Institution, greatly transcended its existing means of supply. Additional Apparatus and Specimens, enlarged Grounds, and new Buildings, were immediately needed. While some citizens were apathetic, others were divided as to any plan for raising the necessary funds. Extraordinary eflForts, under discouraging obsta- cles and opposition, were patiently and perseveringly put forth, and divinely blest. Soon there was purchased (chiefly from proceeds of tuition,) additional amounts to form good sets of Apparatus for illustrating and applying the principles of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Astronomy, Geography and Physiology ; also additional Mathematical Instruments, Maps, Cabinets of Minerals, Botanical and Geological Specimens. A new and commodious two story building, forty-five by sixty feet, was, in the spring of 1851, erected on an elevated and beautiful site of two additional acres, and properly finished and furnished — the funds for its erection being subscribed by citizens, on the plan that one-half be donated, and the other half be refunded in tuition. Two commodious buildings were generously erected and furnished by Robert R. Hilton, to accommodate students with good rooms and economical boarding. "The Catalogue of the Officers and Students of Mount Union Seminary, for the academic year ending July ith, 1851, together with the Courses of Study, Conditions, etc., printed by Gotshall & Martin, Canton, Ohio.," showed the attendance, (with the names, residences and classifications,) of 211 different students, and the particulars concerning the Institution. The accessibility of the Institution was greatly improved this year, by the construction (forming the junction at Alliance, two miles distant,) of the Pittsburgh, Ft. Wayne and Chicago, and the Cleveland, Pittsburgh and Wheeling, Railroads. Accessions of the early and Alumni Professors. When regularly occupying the new Building at the begin- ning of the regular fall term of 1851, Ira O. Chapman- having in the preceding July, classically graduated, in. curm, at Allegheny College, in the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, and hav- ing taught one term in the Institution the preceding winter — was elected, September 1, 1851, Professor of Mathematics and As- tronomy. George W. Clarke, being a classical graduate, in ciirsn, in the Degrees of Bachelor and Master of Arts, was elected August 25th, 1854, Professor of the Latin and Greek Languages and Literature. E. N. Hartshorn,— having been a student of the Institution since its origion in 18IG, and having taught two or three classes each term, and having (like some others of the students) nearly com- pleted a full college classical course, — was elected, in January 1857, Professor of Natural Science. Mrs. Jane Weston Chapman, having been a student for six years, and graduating in the scientific course with the class of '58, was elected in 1857, Professor of Designing, Painting and Drawing, occu- pying the chair with marked ability and honor until her decease, April 2, 18(i4 ; the chair since being successively occupied by J. W. McAbe, De. Scott Evans, and L. S. Harrison. James A. Brush, having been a student for seven years, and graduating in the scientific course with the class of '60, and in the classical course with the class of '63, was elected, March 10, 1865, Professor of Natural Science, Literature, Logic and Political Economy. H. S. Leland, who graduated in the classical course with the class of '66, was elected, August 20, 1865, Professor of Instrumen- tal Music ; and resigning his professorship in July, 1872, was suc- ceeded by the election, in August, 1872, of William Armstrong, a graduate of instrumental and vocal music under Professor Henry C. Cooper, leader of the Philharmonic Society of Loadon, England. Theodore Armstrong, having been a student during six years, and graduating in the scientific course with the class of '70, and in the classical course with the class of '71, was elected in 1869, Professor of Penmanship and Physiology. J. B. York, having been a student for four years and gradua- ting in the scientific course with the class of '64, also Miss Sarah Rexroth, having been a student for some years and subsequently graduating in the scientific course with the class of "72, occupied in succession the chair of Modern Languages ; they being succeed- ed by Gustave A. Scherf, A. M., who was elected, August 25, 1868, Professor of the German and French Languages and Literature, which he occupied with distinguished ability until his decease, April 1, 1875, being followed by Prof. C. F. Stokey. B. U. Jacob, having been a student during four j^ears, and gradu- ating in the classical course with the class of '71, was elected in February, 1872, Curator of the Museum. H. D. Gould, having been a student during four years, and grad- uating, December, 1871, in the commercial and actual business course, was elected, March 4, 1872, Professor of Book-Keeping, Commercial Calculations and Correspondence and Phonetics. G. W. Waughop, having also been a student of Mount Union College, and gi'aduatiog in the Philosophic course with the class of '75, was elected, August 25, 1875, Professor of the Languages and Natural Science. Also, several Alumni of the College have been employed, at sun- dry times, as Assistant Professors, as follows: A. Baker, in He- brew ; Miss Matilda Hindman, in Literature and Mathematics ; G. Hester, in Chemistry; J. W. Gillespie, in Instrumental and Vo- cal Music ; A. E. Ward, in Natural Science and Mathematics; S. F. DeFord, in Natural Science and Mathematics; A. W. Helden- braud, in Penmanship and Booli-Keepiug ; JoKiah Williams, in Natural Science, Literature and Language ; N. Anthony, in Pen- manship ; Miss Hattie C. Clark, in Designing, Painting and Draw- ing : J. Wooldridge, in Penmanship; [. T. Osmond, in Natural Science and Literature ; Miss Lla M. Clark, in Instrumental Music. Other regular Professors, not Almuni of the College, were elected as the increasing demands required, and their names and titles, as members of the Faculty, like the names and titles of all the preceding or succeeding assistant Professors or Teachers and non-resident Lecturers, were duly published in the respective An- nual Catalogues. Orgaiiizatiou of the liiiin»>au Literary ^iociety. It being suggested by the Faculty to divide the Republican Lite- rary Society equally, owing to its increased numbers, such a motion was unanimously adojited by the Society, and one-half of the members were, at their own request, honorably dismissed; and they regularly organized April 20, 1854, the Linna^an Literary Society, receiving from the other Society an equal portion of its furniture, books, and other property. These two Literary So- cieties were constituted coordinate departments of the Institution, and separate halls were appropriated to their use. First l'ataIo;;iie ol the College. Early in 1S58, there was published the Annual Catalogue of Mount Union College, for the academic year 1857-8 ; showing, in that year, an actual attendance of 361 different students, with their names, residences, classifications, and the following summary : — Seniors,?; Juniors, 13 ; Sophomores, 39 ; Freshiaen, 25 ; Normal, 255; Music, 11(1 ; Fine Arts, 10; Preparatory, 22 ; average daily at- tendance, 197; of whom 92 were ladies, distributed nearly propor- tionately in each of the above Classes ; also showing the exercised offices of the following Faculty : Rev. 0. N. Hartshorn, A. M., Pres- ident, and Professor of Didactics, Mental Science and Political Econ- omy; Ira 0. Chapman, A. M., Vice President, and Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy ; Geo. W. Clarke, A. M, Secretary, and Professor of Ancient Languages and Literature; E. N. Hartshorn, A. B., Professor of Natural Science ; J. B. York, Professor of Ger- man Language and Elementary Branches; J. W. Gillespie, A. B., and Miss M. Whitcomb, Teachers of Music on Piano, Melodeon, &c.; Mrs. Jane W. Chapman, B. S., Professor of Drawing, Painting in Oil, Mono-Chromatic, &c.; Albert Baker, A. B., Assistant Teacher of Hebrew ; Miss Matilda Hindman, A. B., Assistant Teacher of Mathematics ; Geo. Hester, A. B., Assistant Teacher of Chemistry ; W. P. Cooper, Teacher of Penmanship; A. W. HeldenbranH, Teacher of Book-keeping ; Werren P. Edgarton, Teacher of Elo- cution ; T S. Lambert, M. D., Lecturer on Physology ; J). Vaughn, A. M., Lecturer on Natural Science — together with Officers of the Board of Trustees, consisting of 0. N. Hartshorn, President; T. O. Chapman, Secretary ; E. N. Hartshorn, Auditor ; and G. W. Clarke, Treasurer ; also Committee of Visitors and Examiners, coDsisting of Rev. D. P. Mitchell ; Ephraim Ball, Esq ; Rev. W. A. Davidson, A. M. ; David Arter, M. D. ; Prof. John Ogden, A. M., of Columbus ; and Prof. Andrew Freese, A. M., of Cleveland. This first Catalogue of the College, (like the seven preceding An- nual Catalogues of the Seminary, and the eighteen succeeding cat- alogues of the College,) contained also a synopsis of the provisions, the courses of study, a list of the text books, and a description of its location, apparatus, normal and musical departments, literary socie- ties, boarding arrangements, rates of tuition, calendar. &c. From the first step to secure the College Charter, up to the preseut date, (April 15th, 1876), full and satisfactory records of all the proceedings and transactions of the College have been properly and accurately made and kept by its proper officers in substantially bound Journals, which, with all necessary papers, titles, documents and full files of all the annual catalogues, daily registers, regulations, rolls, reports, etc., are accessible at the otfice of the College, including all proceedings of the Tiustees ami Faculty, charter, registry of donations and bequests; also the deeds to the real estate which are all legally and properly executed in fee simple to Mount Union College, and recorded in the proper County Records. Mtiideuts and Selt-gO¥ernineDt. The former Students, like those since, were not usually from large towns and cities, but chiefly consisted of young men and ladies from rural life, who, having early formed habits of integrity, industry, economy, and self-reliance, possessed sound minds and bodies, force of character, and strong convictions of duty to be- come integrally qualified for a positively useful life. They ex- perienced no difficulty in cheerfully governing themselves, in con- formity with wholesome regulations. Membership in the Iqstitu-: lion as Students, like the membership of Patrons, Professors or Trustees, has been from the first, wholly voluntary, and mutually responsible and beneficent. Self-government from the student, honest, voluntary and prompt, in conformity to published provisions, founded in Truth and Right, has always been the rule of this Institution. Its privileges are offer- ed only on these conditions. It makes this self-government a chief consideration in receiving the student, as the accomplishment of the objects of his attendance and the welfare of the community depend upon it. A student wilfully neglecting to govern himself in con- formity with stipulated provisions, being guilty of a breach of con- ti'act, forfeits his privileges. As the student voluntarily and freely accepts the conditions, his honor and his best interests call upon him to stand by his agreement. In this he is aided by kind and experienced Professors. Each of these seeks to gain and hold the personal friendship of each student; and, in the light of a broader life-experience, to counsel, encourage and lead in all right ways. The disciplinary provisions, few and simple, appeal to the Student's honor, self-respect, sense of right, and of personal responsibility. This plan of self-government removes the traditional antagonism between professors and students ; cultivates honor, freedom, frank- ness, teachableness and self-control ; begets a filial regard for the Institution, a love for integral culture, and a genuine trust in the Leader of us all. - 02^ Nat. Sci., Math.— Physie;^, Silliman. Literature. — English Literature, Hart. \ Cicero de Senectute, or Hebrew. /Medea, or La Lit er. Franc aise. Way land, Classics. Philos.— Moral Philosophy. Polit. Sci.— International Law, Woolsey. Philos. — Evidences of Christianity, Paley. f Cicero de Officiis, or Hebrew. Classics. -) Demosthenes de Corna, or Cor- (, son's Soirees Litterajre. Philos. — Elements of Criticism. Math. — Mathematical Astronomy, Norton. Social Sci. — Political Economy, Wayland. Greek Testament, or Hebrew. Nat. Sci.— Botany, Gray. Electives.— Music or Fine Arts. Classics. — French or German, Nat. Sci.— Physical Astronomy. Electives.— Music or Fine Arts. Polit. Sei.-U. S. Constitution. Classics. --French or German. Nat. Sci.— Inorganic Chemis'y. Math. -Algebra, 3d Term, Ray. Electives. --Music or Fine Arts. PI.. ..; . I French, German Nat. Sci. --Organic Chemistry. Philos. -Rhetoric, Hart. Electives. --Music or Fine Arts. Classics \ ^•■ench, German or iiassics. 1 Latin. Philos. — Logic, Schuyler. Philos.— Ment. Philos., Haven. Math. --Geometry, completed, ri..v:cip, I French, German, (.lassies. -| L.^^jjj ^j. jjj.eek. Nat. Sci. --Mineralogy, Dana. Philos. --Rhetoric, Whateley. Math.— Trigonometry, Olney. PlMooips \ French, German, Classics, -j Latin, or Greek, Nat. Sci.— Geology, Dana. Electives.— Music or Fine Arts. French, German, Latin or Greek. Classics. Lit.--Eng. Literature, Hart. Domestic Sci.— Book-Keeping. T?i,.„t;,ro= I Classics, Music, ^^^"^'^^-"1 or Fine Arts. Mor. Sci. --Moral Philosophy. Electives] S'K'A^t^!-' Philos.— Evid. Christianity. Philos, --Elements of Criticism. T-., 4- , 1 Classics, Music, Electives-i^^pjjjg^rts. Social Sci,— Political Economy. In the Winter Term, studies are arranged to suit the students in attend- and ninth weeks, (written and extemporaneous alternating) ; Juniors, the throughout the respective Courses, STUDIES in SCIENCE, LITERATURE r ARTS Pliilosopliicjil Course. Scientific Course. Nat. Sci.— Meteorology, Brocklesby. Math,— Groometry, completed, Olney. Math.— Algebra, M Term, Ray. Nat. Sci.— Zoology, Donaldson. Physics— Natural Philosophy, Parker. Classics — Latin or tJreek, Nat. Sci.— Botany, Gray. Math.— Algebra, 4th Term, Ray. Classics — Latin or Greek. Nat. Sci. — Astronomy, Brocklesby. Nut. Hist.— Physiology, Cutter. Polit. Sci. — Constitution U. S., Alden. Classics— Latin or Greek. N.it. Sci.— Inorganic Chemistry, Wells. Math. — Trigonometry, Olney. ri.>=cina J latin, Greek, German or tl.issics. {French. Nat. Sci. — Organic Chemistry, Wells. Kng. Lit.— Rhetoric, Hart. Math. — Surveying and Field Practice. Classics— German or French. Philos.— Logic, Schuyler. Int. Phil.— Mental Philosophy, Haven. Math.— Analytical Geometry, Olney. Classics — German or French. Nat. Sci.— Mineralogy, Dana. Philos.— Rhetoric, VVhateley. Math ' Differential Calculus and it ' * I. Applications, Olney. Classics— German or French. Nat. Sci.— Geology, Dana. Nat. Sci., Math.— Physics, Silliman. Math. (Int. Calculus, Gen. Geometry Classics. 1 Olney, or French or German. Nat. Sci., Math.— Physics, Silliman. Lit.— English Literature, Hart. Classics — German or French, Philos.— Moral Philosophy, Wayland. Polit. Sci.— International Law. Philos.— Evidences of Christianity. Philos. — Klements of Criticism. Math, or j Astronomy, Norton, Classics. \ or Latin or German. Soc. Sci.— Political Economy, Wayland. Nat. Sci. — Meteorology, Brocklesby. Math. — Geometry, completed, Olney. Math.- Algebra. 3d Term. Ray. Nat. Sci. -Zoology, Donaldson. Physics— Natural Philosophy, Parker. Eng. Lit.— .Analysis ot Sentences. Nat. Sci.— Botany, Gray. Math — Algebra, 4th Term, Ray. Physics— Physical Geography. Nat. Sci. — Astronomy, Brocklesby. Nat. Hist.— Physiology. Cutter. Polit. Sci. — Constitution U. S., Alden. Nat. Sci.— Inorganic Chemistry, Wells. Math. — Trigonometry, Olney. Classics— German or French, Nat. Sci.— Organic Chemistry, AVells. Kng. Lit. — Rhetoric, Hart. Math.— Surveying and Field Practice. Classics— German or French. Philos. — Logic, Schuyler. Int. Phi.— Mental Philosophy, Haven. Math.— Analytical Geometry, Olney. Nat. Sci.— Mineralogy, Dana, Philos— Rhetoric, Whateley. \jr ^tu ( Diflerential Calculus and its Mam. I Applications, Olney. Nat. Sci. — Geology, Dana. Nat. Sci., Math.— Physics, Silliman, AinfVi (Integral Calculus & General xviam. {Geometry, Olney. Nat. Sci., Math. — Physics, Silliman. Lit. --English Literature, Hart. Classics — German or French. Philos,— Moral Philosophy, Wayland. Polit. Sci. — International Law. Philos. f Evidences of Christianity, Math. (.or Civil Engineering. Philos. — Elements of Criticism. ~ Math.— Mathematical Astronomy. Social Sci. — Political Economy. ance. Addresses to be delivered each Term as follows : Seniors, the fith seventh week, Latin and Greek, also German and French Prosercompositon CSraduation Degrees and Diplomas. The De^rees^ (except in Liberal Literature and Arts of Ladies' Department,) are conferred, mc"? o Music. < 21 al or ial. 03 .2 'a m >-> .2 'p S3 Sopho- mores Prepara- tory. 1858 7 13 39 25 32 245 117 1859 n 12 29 26 31 228 136 23 1860 8 17 31 35 29 131 84 30 1861 12 9 38 38 31 131 70 25 1862 8 7 24 70 16 79 50 18 15 9 1868 5 5 8 12 25 95 15 68 65 1864 22 91 19 155 93 1865 11 7 15 5 19 31 45 122 18 195 127 14 14 19 1866 15 11 78 109 19 280 153 1867 33 305 268 1868 14 17 28 48 90 31 259 189 54 1869 37 63 172 222 33 232 212 255 23 266 1870 53 33 86 39 195 47 283 1871 54 40 93 172 182 46 226 241 68 34 186 187 78 865 296 1872 37 35 66 50 140 281 301 1873 47 31 82 219 79 81 219 272 1874 53 32 49 177 78 154 225 319 232 1875 70 36 52 184 56 173 248 Totals 454 361 842 2107 655 3277 3104 1888 Colle|;e Publicatious. The College has published, at sundry times, the following pro- ductions : — The Family and School Instructor, a monthly maga- zine of forty pages for the people, edited by O. N. Hartshorn ; The Literary Advance, the Students' Magazine, edited by Professors Jas. A. Brush and T. Armstrong; Outlines of Mathematics, by Professor I. 0. Chapman ; Outlines of Music, by Professor G. W. Clark ; Outlines of Book-Keeping and Actual Business, by Professor E. N. Hartshorn ; the Statistics, Polity and Catalogues of the College. Also, the College has published, in whole or in part, (in addition to Lectures by the Professors and non-resident Lecturers, or Alumni), fifty-six Addresses delivered by distinguished thinkers; among whom are the late Chief Justice Chase ; Bishops Thomson, Kingsley, Clark, Simpson, Bowman, Harris and Haven ; Judges Day and Bing- ham of Ohio, Agnew and White of Pennsylvania, and Stew- art of Baltimore ; Drs. Reed and Vinceut of New-York, Dr. J. Tonner of Canton, and Dr. Conrad of Philadelphia ; Paul Du Shallou, Lewis Miller, Mrs. E. C. Stauton, J. K. Klippart, Ex- Governor Noys, and Bayard Taylor. £iIucational Work (lone by the Professors other than by direct Teaching. Besides direct instruction to students in attendance in the classes, the Professors in the College have either puplished or have in pre- paration, various «ixtended works, outlines or abridged treatises, on subjects of public interest. Among these are the following : — German and French Grammars and Readers, by G. A. Scherf ; English Grammar, Logic, and Supremmacy of Law, by 0. N. Harts- horn ; Geometry, Trigonometry, Surveying, Phj'siology, and Lan- guage, by I. O. Chapman ; Music, by G. W. Clark ; Book-Keeping, Financial System, and Outlines of Business Education, by E. N. Hartshorn ; Text-Book of Instrumental Music, by William Arm- strong; three volumes of Vocal Music, by W. C. Webster ; Various Periodical Literature and Elditorial Correspondence, by 0. N. Hartshorn, J. A. Brush and T. Araastrong. All of the Professors have frequently prepared and delivered public Lectures, on various subjects, before Institutes and popular assemblies. Several highly valuable works have been prepared and published by non-resident Lecturers of the Faculty, among whom are William Hunter, T. W. Harvey, E. E. White, W. D. Henkle, and R. John- son. Snminary of $$tndents by States. Ohio, 8,43:5 Pennsylvania l/.t"29 West Virginia, 1,349 Indiana 113 Illinois, 55 Iowa 33 New York 27 Virginia 25 Michigan 23 Kansas 22 Minnesota, IS Kentucky 17 Missouri, 16 New Jersey, 13 Maryland, 10 California, 8 Rhode Island 8 Wisconsin, 8 Total England Tennessee, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Colorado, Nebraska Arkansas Nova Scotia, Delaware Ireland Scotland, Utah Canada Oregon Maine Texas Indian Territory-,. 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 12,155 Vocation of Aluiuiii and Former IStudents. The Alumni and former Stultnts of the Collej;e, so far as at present known, are engaged as follows : — Teachers 5,137 Merchants 2,125 Agriculturists 2,115 Clergj'nien 725 Manufacturers 415 Physicians 254 Lawj'ers 237 Editors 64 Surveyors and Civil Engineers 58 Telegraphers 43 Bankers 21 BOARD OF TRUSTEES. C. AULTMAN, Canton. Hon. D. AONEW. LL. D., Beaver, Pa. Hon. J. A. BINGHAM. LL. D. Cadiz. RICHARD BROWN. Youngstown. Prof. I. 0. CHAPMAN, A.M., Mt. Union Prof. G. W. CLARKE. A.M., Mt. Union W. P. COOKE. Cleveland. T. D. CROCKER, LL. L., Cleveland. Hon. LUTHER DAY. LL. D., Ravenna, Judge G. W. GEDDES, Mansfield. Rev. JAS. L. GRAHAM, PittsburKh. Pa, Hon. CHARLES HARE, Summerfield. Bp. W. L. HARRIS, D. D., Chicago, lU. 0. N. HARTSHORN. LL. D., Mt. Union. Prof. E. N. HARTSHORN, A. M. Bishop G. HAVEN, D. D.. Atlanta, Ga. ,Hon. .JOHN HUNTER, Alliance. Hon. J. H.KLIPPART. A.M. .Columbus. HENRY K. LIST, Wheeling, W. Va. LEWrS MILLER, Akron. JACOB MILLER. Canton. Bp. AL SI.MPSON, D. D., LL. D., Phila. Hon. J. WALTON. Allegheny City Pa. Hon. W. T. WILLEY.Morgantown.W. V. OFFICERS A^D EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. LEWIS MILLER, Pres. of Trustees. JOHN HUNTER. Vice President. C AULTMAN, Treasurer. JOSEPH WALTON, Auditor. I. 0. CHAPMAN. Secretary. Rev. F. W. WOOD, A. M.. Ph. D., Business Secretary JACOB MILLE R, Pres. Executive Com 0. N. HARTSHORN, G. W. CLARKE. E. N, HARTSHORN. The College Faculty. 0. N. HARTSHORN, LL. D., President, and Jacob Miller-Professor of Moral and Mental Philosophy. IRA 0. CHAPMAN, A. M., Vice President, and Aultman-Professor of Mathematics and Civil En- gineering. GEO. W. CLARKE, A. M., Secretary, and Professor of tlie Latin and Greek Languages and Literature, Zoology and Botany. E. N. HARTSHORN, A. M., Professor of Commercial Science, Finance, Banking and Actual Business, and Librarian. Lewis Miller-Professor of Philosophy and Astronomy. JAMES A. BRUSH, A. M., Professor of Natural Science, Didactics, Logic and Literature. C. F Sl'OKEY, A. M., Professor of the German and French Languages and Literature. GEO. W. WAUGHOP, Pii. B., Professor of th": Lan:^ua:j''s and Natural Science. T. ARMSTRONG, B. C. S., A. M., Professor of Penuianshii) and Phj'siology. WILLIAM ARMSTRONG, Professor of Instrumental Music, Special Voice Culture, Harmony and Musical Composition. AV. C. WEBSTER, Professor of Vocal Music, Chorus Singing, Art of Teaching, Harmony and Composition. L. S. HARRISON, Professor of Designing, Landscape, Portrait and Figure Painting and Artistic Anatomj'. H. D. GOULD, B. C. S., Professor of Book-Keeping, Commercial Calculations and Correspondence and Phonetics. MRS. AGNES JOHNSON, M. D., Lecturer on Physiology', REV. WILLIAM HUNTER, D. D., Lecturer on Sacred Literature. HON. E. E. AVHITE, A. M., Lecturer on Industrial Education. HON. T. W. HARVEY, A. M., Lecturer on School Management. HON. W. D. HENKLE, A. M., Lecturer on School Organization. R. JOHNSON, B. C. S., A. M., Lecturer on Business and Commercial Ethics. HON. J. W. F. AVHITE, LL. D., Lecturer on Commercial Law. GEN. M. D. LEGGETT, Lecturer on Business Habits. MRS. PROF. I. 0. CHAPMAN, Preceptress of Ladies' Department. B. U. JACOB, A. M., Curator of Museum. NORTHWESTERN OHIO NORMAL SCHOOL. LOCATION. The Northwestern Ohio Normal School is located in the village of Ada, Hardin County, Ohio, on the Pittsburgh, Ft. Wayne and Chicago Railway, midway between the intersec- tions of the D. and M. R. R., at Lima, and the C. S. & C. R. R., at Forest. The village of Ada is situated in a healthy country on the watershed dividing. the waters flowing into the Gulf from those emptying into the Great Lakes. The coun- try in the immediate vicinity and for many miles in every direction is very fertile, and under a high state of cultivation. The population is composed, almost entirely, of native born Americans. The inhabitants are generally moral, opposed to saloons and their concomitants. The village, being small, numbering about 1,800 inhabitants, is free from many of the vices so prevalent in our large cities. The facilities for cheap boarding are good, and, all things considered, the advantages for obtaining a practical education are excellent. ORIGIN. In the spring of 1866, H. S. Lehr, the present Principal of the Institution, came to the village of Ada, then called Johnstown, and made the following proposition to the School Board : That he be paid $60 per month for the first year's work, and allowed the use of the school building for select schools when not in use for public school purposes, and that, should he prove successful in procuring foreign scholars, the citizens of the town and vicinity should assist him in erect- ing buildings suitable for a Normal School. In a short time the limits of the old frame school house were outgrown, and a commodious brick building was erected ; wages were increased commensurate with the prosperity of the school, and the school kept on increasing, when, after teaching four years, in the fall of 1870, the foreign students amounted to 120, and the new school house was found too small. The propitious time for asking the citizen;^ for the promised help seemed to have arrived. A meeting of the citizens was called, and the following proposition was made for their con- sideration : That H. S. Lehr would furnish $3,500 toward the erection of a Normal School building, if they would furnish S4,000 and donate three acres of ground, suitable for the location of the building. They accepted the proposition, but instead of $4,000 they raised about $6,000. They now requested him to swell his part of the contract, but not being able to comply, he associated with himself two partners, J. G. Park and B. F. Niesz. The building was at once com- menced, and in the fall of" 1871 was sufficiently far advanced in construction to admit of dedication, and the school was formally opened August 11, 1871. The enrollment for the first term was 147. First FaGultij—R. S. Lehr, A, M., President; B. F. Niesz, B, S., Vice President; J. G. Park, Secretary; Theo- dore Presser. PROGRESS AND VICISSITUDES OF THE INSTITUTION. The enrollment of the first term was 147, but the second or winter term was much smaller. The first year the High School scholars of the Union School attended the Normal School, which increased the enrollment and helped the finances. The school did not grow much the second year, for various reasons : 1st. The building and the furnishing of the house involved the Faculty to a considerable extent, and therefore they were not able to advertise. 2d. The citi- zens failed to pay their subscription according to agreement, which gave the contractors an excuse for not completing the building according to contract. The roof being deficient, afforded an opportunity for litigation between the Faculty and the Board of Trustees, who represented the citizens' cap- ital in the building. At the end of the second year, a settle- ment was made between the Faculty and Trustees, and the building was fully repaired and completed by the Faculty. Ever since, the growth has been constant, and the ratio of increase has been 10 to 40 per cent, on each preceding corre- sponding term. About this time, another partner, Lewis Rutledge, was added to the firm. He purchased the half interest of H. S. Lehr. In the spring of 1875, B. F. Niesz sold his interest to J. J. Wood. In the fall of 1875 the Normal School, known as the Northwestern Normal School located at Fostoria, Ohio, under the supervision of J. Fraise Richard, was consolidated with this school, and both schools are now known by the name of Northwestern Ohio Normal School, and under the auspices of H. S. Lehr. About the 20th of December, 1875, one of the members of the Faculty, G. W. Rutledge, successor of Lewis Rutledge, made a prop- osition to the citizens of Ada, that if they would donate $6,000, he would erect a building suitable for a musical cen- servatory, to cost iiot less than $25,000. The amount of money was pledged, and the building will be completed about January, 1877. • METHOD OF ORGANIZATION. The Institution is owned by the Faculty, and is under the immediate control of the same, both as regards its finances and also as regjards its government. There are three courses of study: Normal or Teachers'; Scientific and Classical. There are special courses for Com- mercial Science and Music. FACILITIES. The school is well supplied with maps, charts, cabinets and libraries. There are two Literary Societies in connection with the school, each of which has a large and well selected library which supplies the students with all necessary miscel- laneous reading. There is also a library in connection with the school, consisting of text-books, works on Theory and Practice of Teaching, Statistics, etc. The text-books are rented to students, while all others are free. GEADUATES. Whole vimiber of Graduates — Males, 14 ; females, 9 ; total, 23. Of this number the following are employed as teachers: J. W. Zeller, Superintendent, DeGraif, Ohio; C. W. Butler, Superintendent, Plymouth, Ohio; O. P. Wilson, teacher N. W. O. N. S.;. Mollie Schoonover, teach- er N. W, O. N. S.; S. P. Gray, Superintendent — California; Lottie Bloom, teacher of High School, Plymouth, Ohio; Mettie Ferrall, teacher, Bluifton, Ohio ; G. W. Rutledge, teacher N. W. O. N. S.; R. C. Eastman, Superintendent, West Newton, Ohio ; A. C. Pierson, teacher, Kenton, Ohio ; A. D. Snively, teacher, West Lebanon, Ind.; W. D. Wood- ward, teacher of Penmanship N. W. O. N. S.; Sallie Lind- sey, teacher, Marseilles, Ohio; U. R. Niesz, teacher, Kent- land, Indiana; E. L. Sinclair, teacher, Par,tello, Michigan ; Anna Stayner, teacher, Wyandot Coiuity, Ohio; Mollie- McNerney, teacher, Auburn, Indiana ; J. M, Reid, Super- intendent, North Manchester, Indiana ; Ollie Dobbins, teacher Union School, Ada, Ohio ; Sue Fogle, teacher, Franklin county, Ohio. Occupation of others not known. The average attendance the last year was 176. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The Institution has no financial support excepting the tuition received from its students, and voluntary contribu- tions from the citizens of Ada for library and apparatus. The income for the last fiscal year was about $4,700 tuition; donations, $600; total $5,300. Trustees — H. S. Lehr, A. M., President and Treasurer; J. G. Park, Secretary; G. W. Rutledge and J. J. Wood. Present Coi-ps of Instructors — H. S. Lehr, Principal; J. G. Park, Secretary; G. W. Rutledge, Mollie Schoonover, J. Fraise Richard, Mrs. Emma D. Richard, O. P. Wilson, W. D. Woodward, C. E. Rowley and Mrs. Hattie Rowley. OHIO AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE. The history of this institution is embraced within quite narrow limits. On July 2d, 1862, the Congress of the United States passed an act donating lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts. The act is as follows : Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there be granted to the several States, for the pui'poses hereinafter mentioned, an amount of puhlic laud, to be apportioned to each State, a quantity equal to thirty thousand acres for each Senator and Representative in Congress to which the States are respectively entitled by the apportionment under the census of eighteen hundred and sixty : Provided, that no mineral lands shall be selected or purchased under the provisions of this act. Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the land aforesaid, after being surveyed, shall be apportioned to the several States in sections, or subdi- visions of sections not less than one quarter of a section ; and whenever there are public lands in a State subject to sale at private entry at one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, the quantity to which said State shall be entitled shall be selected from such land within the limits of such State ; and the Secretary of the Interior is hereby directed to issue to each of the States in which there is not the quantity of public lands subject to sale at private entry at one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, to which said State may be entitled, under the provisions of this act, land scrip to the amount in acres for the deficiency of its distributive share, said scrip to be sold by said State, and the proceeds thereof applied to the uses and Ijurposes prescribed in this act, and for no other use or purpose whatso- ever : Provided, that in no case shall any State to which land scrip may be thus issued be allowed to locate the same within the limits of any other State or of any Territory of the United States ; but their assignees may thus locate said laud scrip ujjou any of the unappropriated lands of the United States subject to sale at private entry at one dollar and twen- GEADUATES. Whole nnmher of Graduates — Males, 14 ; females, 9 ; total, 23. Of this number the following are employed as teachers: J, W. Zeller, Superintendent, DeGraif, Ohio; C. W. Butler, Superintendent, Plymouth, Ohio ; O. P. Wilson, teacher N. W. O. N. S.;. Mollie Schoonover, teach- er N. W. O. N. S.; S. P. Gray, Superintendent — California; Lottie Bloom, teacher of High School, Plymouth, Ohio; Mettie Ferrall, teacher, Bluifton, Ohio; G. W. Rutledge, teacher N. W. O. N. S.; R. C. Eastman, Superintendent, West Newton, Ohio; A. C. Pierson, teacher, Kenton, Ohio; A. D. Snively, teacher. West Lebanon, Ind.; W. D. Wood- ward, teacher of Penmanship N. W. O. N. S.; Sallie Lind- sey, teacher, Marseilles, Ohio; U. R. Niesz, teacher, Kent- land, Indiana; E. L. Sinclair, teacher, Par.tello, Michigan; Anna Stayner, teacher, Wyandot Coanty, Ohio; Mollie- McNerney, teacher. Auburn, Indiana ; J. M, Reid, Super- intendent, North Manchester, Indiana ; Ollie Dobbins, teacher Union School, Ada, Ohio; Sue Fogle, teacher, Franklin county, Ohio. Occupation of others not known. The average attendance the last year was 176. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The Institution has no financial support excepting the tuition received from its students, and voluntary contribu- tions from the citizens of Ada for library and apparatus. The income for the last fiscal year was about |4,700 tuition ; donations, $600; total $5,300. Trustees — H. S. Lehr, A. M., President and Treasurer; J. G. Park, Secretary; G. W. Rutledge and J. J. Wood. Present Corps of Instructors — H. S. Lehr, Principal ; J. G. Park, Secretary; G. W. Rutledge, Mollie Schoonover, J. Fraise Richard, Mrs. Emma D. Richard, O. P. Wilson, W. D. Woodward, C. E, Rowley and Mrs. Hattie Rowley. OHIO AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE. The history of this institution is embraced within quite narrow limits. On July 2d, 1862, the Congress of the United States passed an act donating lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts. The act is as follows : Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there be granted to the several States, for the purposes hereinafter mentioned, an amount of public land, to be apportioned to each State, a quantity equal to thirty thousand acres for each Senator and Representative in Congress to which the States are respectively entitled by the apportionment under the census of eighteen hundred and sixty : Provided, that no mineral lands shall be selected or purchased under the provisions of this act. Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the land aforesaid, after being surveyed, shall be apportioned to the several States in sections, or subdi- visions of sections not less than one quarter of a section ; and whenever there are public lands in a State subject to sale at private entry at one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, the quantity to which said State shall be entitled shall be selected from such land within the limits of such State ; and the Secretary of the Interior is hereby directed to issue to each of the States in which there is not the quantity of public lands subject to sale at private entry at one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, to which said State may be entitled, under the provisions of this act, land scrip to the amount in acres for the deficiency of its distributive share, said scrip to be sold by said State, and the proceeds thereof applied to the uses and purposes prescribed in this act, and for no other use or purpose whatso- ever : Provided, that in no case shall any State to which land scrip may be thus issued be allowed to locate the same within the limits of any other State or of any Territory of the United States ; but their assignees may thus locate said land scrip upon any of the unappropriated lands of the United States subject to sale at private entry at one dollar and twen- ty-live cents per acre ; and provided further, that no more than one mil- lion acres shall be located by snch assignees in any one of the States; and provided further, that no such location shall be made before one year from the passage of this act. Sec. 3. And he it further enacted, That all the expenses of management, superintendence, and taxes, from date of selection of said lands, previous to their sales, and all expenses incurred in the management and disburse- ment of the moneys which may be received therefrom, shall be paid by the States to which they may belong, out of the treasury of said States, so that the entire proceeds of the sale of said lands shall be aj)i)lied with- out any diminution whatever to the purpose hereinafter mentioned. Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That all moneys derived fi-om the sale of lands aforesaid by the State to which the lands are apportioned, and from the sales of the laud scrip hereinbefore provided for, shall be invest- ed in stocks of the United States, or of some other safe stocks, yielding not less than five per centum upon the par value of said stocks, and that the moneys so invested shall constitute a perpetual fund, the capital of which shall remain forever undiminished (except so far as may be proAad- ed in section tifth of this act), and the interest of which shall be invio- lably appropriated by each State which may take and claim the benefit of this act to the endowment, support, and maintenance of at least one college, where the leading object shall be, without excluding other scien- tific and classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, in such a manner as the Legislatures of the States may respectively pre- scribe, in order to j)romote the liberal and practical education of the in- dustrial classes in the several pursuits and professions of life. Sec. 5. And he it further enacted, That the grant of land and land scrip hereby authorized shall be made on the following conditions, to which, as well as to the provisions hereinbefore contained, the previous assent of the several States shall be signified by legislative act : Ist. If any jiortion of the fuud invested, as provided by the foregoing section, or any portion of the interest thereon, shall, by any action or contingency, be diminished or lost, it shall be replaced by the State to which it belongs, so that the capital of the fund shall remain forever un- diminished, and the annual interest shall be regularly applied without diminution to the purposes mentioned in the fourth section of this act, except that a smn not exceeding ten per centum upon the amount receiv- ed by any State under the provisions of this act may be expended for the purchase of lands for sites or experimental farms whenever authorized by the respective Legislatures of said States. 2d. No portion of said fund, nor the interest thereon, shall be applied, directly or indirectly, under any pretense whatever, to the purchase, erection, preservation, or repair of any building or buildings. 3d. Any State which may take and claim the benefit of the provisions of this act shall provide within five years at least not less than one col- lege as described in the fourth section of this act, or the grant to such State shall cease, and said State shall be bound to pay the United States the amount received of any lauds previously sold, and that the title to purchase under the State shall be valid. 4th. An annual report shall be made regarding the progress of each college, recording any improvements and experiments made, with their costs and results, and such other matters, including State industrial and economical statistics as may be supposed useful ; one copy of which shall be transmitted by mail, free, by each to all other colleges which may be endowed under the provisions of this act, and also one copy to the Secre- tary of the Interior. 5th. When lands shall be selected from those which have been raised to double the minimum price, in consequence of railroad grants, they shall be computed to the States at the maximum price, and the number of acres jiroportionally diminished. 6th. No State while in condition of rebellion or insurrection against the government of the United States shall be entitled to the benefits of this act. 7th. No State shall be entitled to the benefits of this act unless it shall express its acceptance thereof by its Legislature within two years from the date of its approval by the President. Sec. 6. And ie it further enacted, That land scrip issued under the pro- visions of this act shall not bp subject to location until after the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three. Sec. 7. And be it further enacted, That the land officers shall receive the same fees for locating land scrij) issued under the provisions of this act as are now allowed for the location of military bounty land warrants under existing laws: Provided, their maximum compensation shall not be thereby increased. Sec. 8. And he it further enacted, That the governors of the several States to which scrip shall be issued under this act shall be required to report annually to Congress all sales made of such scrip, until the whole shall be disposed of, the amount received for the same, and what appro- priation has been made of the proceeds. On February 9th, 1864, the General Assembly of the State of Ohio passed an act to accept the grant conveyed in the act above given, the essential portions of which are contained in the following words : Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assemhly of the State of Ohio, That the assent of the State is hereby signified to the aforesaid act of Congress, and to all the conditions and provisions therein contained ; and the faith of the State of Ohio is hereby pledged to the performance of all such conditions and provisions. Governor John Brough, in his annual message, delivered in January, 1865, announced that certificates of scrip for 630,000 acres of land had been received and placed in the State Treasury. On the 13th of April, 1865, the General Assembly of the State passed an act providing : 1st, for the sale of the land scrip by a board of commissioners, consisting of the Auditor, Treasurer, and Secretary of State; and 2d, for the appoint- ment of five commissioners who should report to the Gov- ernor, by the 1st of December, 1865, their opinion as to the proper location of the college or colleges to be established upon the land grant, together with a detailed plan for the organization of said college or colleges. The action taken under this legislation in reference to the sale of the land scrip will be treated first. By the terms of the act, the land-scrip commissioners were authorized and directed to invite proposals for the purchase of said scrip, and effect sales of the same, with the restric- tions that no proposal should be received for less than one hundred and sixty acres, nor for a rate less than eighty cents per acre. In a report to the Governor, dated December 20th, 1865, the commissioners announce the sale of scrip for 11,360 acres, and declare their opinion that, unless greater powers should be conferred upon them, the scrip of Ohio would not all be sold in less than ten years, as other States were selling similar scrip below the minimum price to which they were confined. In accordance with this suggestion and these facts, the 5 Legislature passed an act on April 5th, LSGG, to amend the act aforesaid, so as to remove the restriction of a minimum price of eighty cents per acre ; and on December 10th of the same year the commissioners reported to the Legislature the sale of all the scrip, the great bulk of it being sold at fifty" three cents per acre. The total proceeds of the sales were $342,450.80. This sum was paid into the State Treasury during 1866 and 1867, and interest on it was computed from the date of payment at six per cent. The commissioners appointed to report upon the location and organization of the college or colleges to be established were Darwin Gardiner, David Taylor, Peter Thatcher, C. L. Poorman, and Miles Greenwood. In June, 1865, they re- ceived propositions, in regard to the location of the College, from Miami University, Oxford, and Farmers' College, near Cincinnati, and in October similar proposals from Mt. Union College, from the village of Kent, and the town of Worth- ington. On the first of December, 1865, in accordance with the '•e- quirements of the act under which they were appointed, they made their report to Governor Anderson. Two reports, in fact, were presented. The majority report, signed by four of the commissioners, recommended that the land scrip, or the funds arising from its sale, should bfe equally divided, and that half should be devoted to the reorganization of Miami University, so that its courses of study should be brought into harmony with the terms of the congressional grant, and that the other half should be devoted to the endowment of a college in the northern part of the State in the interests of agriculture and the mechanic arts. The minority report, presented by Miles Greenwood, recommended the acceptance of the proposition of Farmers' College. Neither report was adopted by tlie Legislature. From the time when the State accepted the land grant, the use to be made of the funds resulting from it was the 6 subject of earnest and prolonged discussion in the Legisla- ture, by the press, and throughout the State at large. A division of the fund among colleges already established in the State was strenuously urged by man}^ and as strenuously opposed by more. The State Board of Agriculture, especially, labored actively and persistently to prevent any such division. The efforts to secure a division were gradually abandoned, as it came to be seen that public sentiment demanded the establishment of an institution unfettered by tradition, and different in character from any at the time existing in the State. By the end of the year 1867, at least, it was gen- erally conceded that a separate and independent college must be established upon this fund. This fund is the financial basis of the present College. It has been augmented by about forty-seven per cent, of itself through the additions of interest, simjDle and compound, until at the opening of the institution in 1873 it amounted to $500,000. Its security is established by its being made a part of the irreducible debt of the State. The rate of inter- est which it bears is six per cent. After the selling of the land scrip, the lf)cation and plan of organization of the future College received the prolonged attention of successive Legislatures. On March 7, 1868, a joint resolution was introduced into the House of Representatives, which was subsequently passed, appointing a joint committee from the Senate and the House of Representatives, with authority to receive propositions for the location of the College, and to report the same to the Legislature. The committee, at the ensuing session, reported propositions for location from Worthington, Wooster, Oxford, Urbana, London, and Newark, with liberal offers of donations of land and money from each of the competing towns. Ma- jority and minority reports were brought in, the former recommending the acceptance of the proposition of Urbana, and the latter of Wooster. Neithcv rejoort secured t"avoral)le action in the Legislature. Various attempts to settle the questions involved were after- wards made without success, until, in March 22, 1870, the following bill was jmssed by the Legislature, the date of which may be taken as the initial date of the present insti- tution : An Act to establish and maintain an Agricultural and Mechanical CoUege in Ohio. Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, That a College, to be styled tlie Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical Col- lege, is hereby established in this State, in accordance with the provisions of an act of Congress of the United ytatcs, passed July 2, 1862, entitled "An act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agricultural and mechanic arts," and said college to be located and controlled as hereinafter provided. The leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and class- ical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agricultiual and mechanic arts. Sec. 2. The government of said College shall be vested in a Board of Trustees, to consist of one from each Congressional Distrist of this State, who shall be appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The President of the State Board of Agriculture will be ex-officio member of said Board. Sec. 3. The members of the Board of Trustees, and their successors, shall hold their office for the term of six years each : Provided, that at the first regular meeting of said Board the said members shall determine, by lot, so that as nearly as may be one-third shall hold their office for two years, one-third for four years, and one-third for six years, from the date of the first meeting of the Board, or until their successors are ap- pointed and qualified. In case a vacancy occur by death, resignation, or otherwise, the appointment shall be for the unexpired term. The Trus- tees shall receive no comiiensation for their services, but shall be entitled to reasonable and necessary expenses while in the discharge of their offi- cial duties. Sec. 4. The Trustees and their successors in office shall be styled the "Board of Trustees of the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College," with the right, as such, of suing and being sued, of contracting and being contracted with, of making and using a common seal, and altering the same at pleasure. Sec. 5. The Board of Trustees shall have power to adopt by-laws 8 rules and regulations for the government of said College, to elect a presi- dent, to determine the number of professors and tutors, elect the same, and fix their salaries. They shall also have power to remove the presi- dent, or any professor or tutor, whenever the interests of the College, iu their judgment, shall require ; to fix and regulate the course of instruc- tion, and to prescribe the extent and character of experiments to be made. Sec. 6. The Board of Trustees shall annually appoint an Executive Committee of not less than three of their own members, who, when said Board is not in session, shall have the management and control of the affairs of said College, under the direction of the Board, and shall furnish a full report of their proceedings at every regular meeting of the Board, and at such other times as the Board may direct. Sec. 7. The College shall be open to all persons over fourteen yeais of age, subject to such rules and regulations, and limitations as to num- bers from the several counties of the State, as may be prescribed by the Board of Trustees : Provided, that each county shall be entitled to its just proportion, according to its population. The Board may provide for courses of lectures, either at the seat of the College or elsewhere in the State, which shall be free to all. Sec. 8. The Board of Trustees shall have the general supervision of all lands, buildings, and other property belonging to said College, and the control of all expenses therefor : Provided, always, that said Board shall not contract any debt not previously authorized by the General As- sembly of the State of Ohio. Sec. 9. The Board of Trustees shall annually elect one of their num- ber chairman, apd in the absence of the chairman shall elect one of their number temporary chairman, and shall have power to appoint a secretary, treasurer, and librarian, and such other officers as the interests of the College may require, who may or may not be members of the Board, and shall hold their offices for such term as said Board shall fix, subject to re- moval by said Board, and shall receive such compensation as the Board shall prescribe. The treasurer shall, before entering upon the duties of his office, give bond to the State of Ohio iu such sum as the Board may determine, which bond shall not be for a less sum than the probable amount that will be under Ms control iu any one year, conditioned for the faithful discharge of his duties and the payment of all moneys coming into his hands, said bond to be approved by the Attorney-General of the State. , Sec. 10. The Board of Trustees shall have power to secure a collection of specimens in mineralogy, geology, zoology, botany, and other specimens pertaining to natural history and the sciences ; and it shall be the duty of the Chief Geologist of the State to collect aud dejiosit iu such place as the Trustees may direct a full and complete set of specimens, as collected l>y him or his assistants, for the benefit of said College. The Board shall make provision for a library, apparatus, and arms and accoutrements, and for increasing and preserviug the same. Sec. 11. The Board of Trustees shall have power to receive and hold in trust, for the use and benefit of the College, any grant or devise of land, and any donation or bequest of money or other personal property, to be applied to the general or special use of the College. All donations or bequests of money shall be ijaid to the State Treasurer, and invested in the same manner as the endowment fund of the College, unless other- wise directed in the donation or bequest. Sec. 12. The first meeting of the members of the Board shall be called by the Governor as soon after the appointment of said Board as he may deem advisable, to be held at Columbus, Ohio. Ail succeeding meetings shall be called in such manner as said Board may prescribe ; said Board shall meet at least once annually at the College building. A majority of the Board of Trustees shall constitute a quorum to do business : Pro\'ided, it shall require a majority of all the Board to elect or remove a president or professor. Sec. 13. The title for all lands for the use of said College shall be made in fee simple to the State of Ohio, with covenants of seizin and warranty ; and no title shall be taken to the State for purposes aforesaid until the Attorney-General shall be satisfied that the same is free from all defects and incumbrances. Sec. 14. The Board of Trustees shall cause a report to be made annu- ally to the Governor of the condition of said College, the amount of re- ceipts and disbursements, and for what the disbursements were made ; the number of professors, teachers, and other officers, and the position and compensation of each ; the number of students in the several depart- ments and classes, and the course of instruction pursued in each ; also, an estimate of the exjienses of the ensuing year; a full transcript of the journal of the proceedings of the Board for the i)ast year ; the progress of said College, recording any improvements and experiments made, with their cost, and the results, and such other matters as may be supposed useful. One copy, when printed and bound, shall l»e transmitted by mail, free, to all other colleges which may be eudowed under the provisions of said act of Congress, and also one copy to the Secretary of the Interior. Sec. 15. The Attorney-General of the State shall be the legal adviser of said Board of Trustees, and he shall institute aud prosecute all suits in behalf of the same, and shall receive the same compensation therefor as he is entitled to by law for suits brought in behalf of the asylums of the State. 10 Sec. 16. All fiiuds, togetuer wLtli the interest now accumulated tliere- ou. derived from the sale of laud scrip issued to the State of Ohio by the United States in iiursuance of the act of Congress aforesaid, shall be invested in registered bonds of the State of Ohio, or of the United States, by the authority now having control of the same ; which bonds shall be and remain in the custody of the State Treasurer intact, unless one-tenth shall be appropriated by the General Assbmbly for the purchase of land, as provided in the act of Congress, who shall pay over the income thereof as it may accrue to the treasurer of said College, upon the order of the Auditor of State, made upon the requisition of the Board of Trustees, to be by the Board of Trustees aiipropriated to the endowmeiit, support, and maintenance of the College, as jjroTided in the act of Congress as aforesaid. Sec. 17. It shall be the duty of the Board of Trustees to permanently locate said Agricultural and Mechanical College upon lands (not less than one hundred acres) which in their judgment is best suited to the wants and i)urposes of said institution, the same being reasonably central in tlie State, and accessible by railroad from difi'erent i)arts thereof, liaving regard to the healthiness of location, and also regarding the best interests of the College in the receipt of moneys, lands, or other property donated to said College by any county, town, or individual, in consideration of the location of said College at a given place : Provided, it shall require a three-fifths vote of the Trustees to make said location ; and provided further, that said location shall be made on or before the 15tli day of Oc- tober, 1870 ; provided further, that any jierson acting as a trustee, who shall accept or receive, directly or indirectly, any sum or amount from any person or persons, to use their influence in favor of the location of said College at any particular point or place, shall be held to be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof by any court of competent jurisdiction, shall be lined in any sum not less than one thousand nor more than ten thousand dollars ; x>i"ovided further, that in the location of said College the said Trustees shall not in any event incur any debt or obligation exceeding forty thousand dollars; and if, in their opiuion, the interests of the College can not be best promoted without a larger ex- penditure for the location than that sum, then they may delay the per- manent location of the same until the third Monday of January, 1871, and report their proceedings and conclusions to the General Assembly ; l)rovided further, that said College shall not be located until there are secured thereto, for such location, donations in money or unincumbered lands at their cash valuation, whereon the College is to be located, or in both money and such lands, a sum equal to at least one hundred thousand dollars. 11 Sec. 18. This act shall take effect aud be iu foice from and after its passage. Under this act a board of nineteen Trustees was appointed by Governor R. B. Hayes, and his appointments were con- firmed by the Senate. The following gentlemen composed the Board, arranged in the order of their Congressional Dis- tricts : Aaron F. Perry Fii-st District. Joseph F. Weight Secoud " EiCHARD C. Anderson Third " William B. McClung Fourth " William Sawyer Fifth " James M. Trimble Sixth " Joseph Sullivant Seventh " Thomas C. Jones Eighth " Warren P. Noble Ninth " James W. Ross Tentli " Ralph Leete Eleventh " Daniel Keller Twelfth '• Marvin M. Munson Thirteenth " Norton S. Townshend Fourteenth ' ' Valentine B. Horton Fifteenth ' ' John C. Jamison Sixteenth ' ' Cornelius Aultman Seventeenth " John E. Buchtel Eighteenth " Henry B. Perkins Nineteenth " The Board held its first meeting in Columbus on May 11, 1870, and eflected a permanent organization by "the election of Valentine B. Horton, President, R. C. Anderson, Secretary? and Joseph Sullivant, Treasurer. By a legislative act, passed April 1 to College, and (3.) an English School, similar in grade to an academy, and pi^eparatory to the Literary course. Each of these is in charge oi a Principal ; and both are under the same general supervision as the other departments. DEPARTMENT OF THEOLOGY. The only post-graduate school connected with the College is the Theological Seminary. This is considered as a part of the College, having the same President and Board of Trus- tees, and being under the same general management. It has a corps of five professors, and three regular lecturers on special topics. Other courses of lectures by distinguished men are also from time to time provided. (For the full course of study in each of the above departments of instruction, see the last Annual Catalogue.) ATTENDANCE. The following items respecting attendance are taken from the table appended to this sketch, in which full statistics of attendance are given. From 1S34 to 1S53, the average yearly attendance, in all departments, was 462 ; the maximum being 514 in 1843. Of these 64 per cent, during this period were young men, and 36 per cent, young ladies. From 181^3 to 1S76, the average yearly attendance was 1150 ; the maximum being 1371 in 1S74, and the minimum being S59 in 1S63. Of these, during this i^eriod, s;6 per cent, were young men and 44 per cent, young ladies. During the latter period — from 1853 to 1S76 — 32 per cent., on the average, were in depart- ments above the preparatory. The average yearly attendance in the Theological Seminary, from the beginning, in 1834, to 1S76, as 31. The whole number of graduates from College is 757, of v^rhom 100 are ladies. The number of graduates in Theology is 307 ; and from the Ladies' or Literary Course, 588. CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC. The Oberlin Conservatory of Music was organized in 1865, with Mr. John P. Morgan, a graduate of the Leipsic Conser- vatory, as president, and became a Department of Oberlin College in 1867. Its first catalogue, issued in 1869, contains the names of 147 students and four teachers. About one- fourth of these students gave their whole time to the study of music, the remainder taking one or more studies in the college. At this time, with the exception of a few organ students, who were instructed on the First Church organ, the entire teaching was done in two rooms. The branches taught were. Piano Forte, Organ, Singing and Harmony. The last catalogue, published in 1875, contains the names of 286 students and seven teachers. Of these students about two-thirds devote their whole time to the study of music. They occupy eight rooms ; and the branches taught are Piano Forte, Organ, Sing- mg, Harmony and Violin. (For course of study see College Catalogue.) Diplomas are given to those completing the course, and possessing a good English education. The aver- age attendance during seven years was 266. (For attendance each year, see appended table.) Of the present corps of teachers four have studied abroad. It is the aim of the teach- ers to cultivate in the students a taste for the best fortns oi musical composition. This Department is under the same general management as the other departments, and under the special supervision of the Director. The length of time necessary to complete the course, is from two to four years. The classes in choral singing are free to all members of the college. LITERARY SOCIETIES. There are six organized Literary Societies, composed of members belonging to the various College Departments ; one comprising members of the Theological Department ; three, members of the Classical ; and two, members of the Literary Course. Of the three comprising members of the Classical Course, the Phi Delta and Phi Kappa Pi were founded in 1839 ; the present membership of each is thirt}' ; the total membership of the former is 503, and of the latter 475. The Alpha Zeta was founded in 1869. Its present member- ship is thirty, and its total membership ninet}'. Of the two societies comprising members of the Literary Course, the Ladies' Literary was founded in 1835, its present membership is twenty-six, and its total membership 900 ; the yElioian was founded in 1852, its present membership is thirty-two, and its total membership 600. The initiation fee of each of the socie- ties is $5.00, and the annual dues the same. ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. There is an Alumni Association, the name of which is "The Association of Alumni of Oberlin College." This Association was organized in 1S39, and is composed of all the college graduates. Within a few years it has come into a certain relation to the Trustees. It appoints three of its members corresponding members of the Board of Trustees, who have all the privileges of regular members, except that of voting. During Commencement week an annual address is given be- fore the Association by one of its members, chosen the previ- ous year ; and at a joint meeting of the Trustees and Alumni such statements are made of the condition and prospects of the college as are of interest. The Society of Alumni of the Theological Department, has similar annual addressee, and appoints two corresponding members of the Board of Trustees. THE GYMNASIUM ASSOCIATION, There is an Association of the students owning and control- ing the Gymnasium, called ''The Oberlin Gymnasium Asso- ciation." Its object is physical culture ; it was founded in the summer of 1873 ' ^"'^ ^^^ present membership is 150. Classes practice gymnastic exercises under competent teachers. Its funds are replenished in part by occasional lectures. The value of apparatus, buildings, &c.. is about $i,ooo. SECRET SOCIETIES. All secret societies are prohibited by the rules of the college ; and in the whole history of the college none has ever existed. LIBRARIES. There are two Libraries connected with the Institution, the College Library and the Library ot the College societies ; both together comprising about i |,6oo volumes. The College Libra- ry, consisting of about ii,ooo volumes, has been made up largely from the contributions of books by the friends of the Insti- tution, both in this country and England. No large amount of money has ever been given for the Library. Till within a few years there has been no library fund ; but there is now such a fund accruing from a term fee of thirty-five cents, required of all the students, and from examination fees, and amounting to about $8uo per annum. About hall of this is available for the purchase of books ; and the Library is grow- ing slowly by the addition of new books. During term time it is open every week-day afternoon for reading and consul- tation, and two afternoons of the week for drawing. It is well patronized by the students, and is becoming an im- portant auxiliary to the instruction given in the classes. The Library of the Societies, consisting of about 3,600 volumes, is under the control of an Association composed of the College Societies, of the Ladies' Societies, and of the Theological Society, called the " Union Library Association." The funds for increasing the Library are obtained from a term fee of fifty cents for each member, from the appropria- tion of $4.00 of each initiation fee, and from money obtained by lectures. This is a well selected Library, and is largely used by the College students. A Reference Library, for the use of the Theological Students, to be located in Council Hall, is contemplated. A Reading Room was established in connection with a society called ''The Society of Inquiry," in the early history of the college, and the Reading Room has been continued to the present time. It is sustained by the fees of members, and furnishes many of the leading periodicals of the country. A Reading Room is also maintained for the theological students at Council Hall. THE CABINET. The college possesses a valuable cabinet in the depart- ments of Geology and Natural History, principally collected through the untiring efforts of Professor George N. Allen, who occupied the professorship in this department for twenty- four years. There are about 3,000 specimens of minerals ; 2,000 rocks and fossils : 350 stuffed birds and mammals ; 20 cases of insects ; i,t;oo trays of modern shells, representing nearly every family ; 2 large cases of corals ; several hundred miscellaneous zoological specimens and curiosities, with a considerable amount of duplicate material. Students pursu- ing these branches have free access to these specimens for study. Students in mineralogy have a special cabinet of minerals for their use, and 350 wood models of crystallogra- phic forms. PHILOSOPHICAL APPARATUS. The apparatus for electrical experiments is good ; a fine plate machine of large size, with the usual adjunct's, batteries, bells, image plates, etc.; a Ruhmkorff Coil of Ritchie's make, containing fifteen miles of wire ; electro magnets, arranged for exhibiting very varied effects ; a large galvanometer ; a Clark's magneto-electric machine, and a large size Geissler's tube ; an electric lamp ; large flat coils of copper wire, and automatic inductive coils of small size ; and apparatus for illustrating telegraphy. There is a tolerably good pneumatic apparatus ; a large air pump and receivers, condensers, weight- lifters, balloon jai", etc., etc. For accoustics, the apparatus is meagre — only a few cheap diapasoms, organ tubes, glass bell, monochord, wire coils, etc. For optics, a good solar microscope, a polarizing instrument, a pair of bisulphide prisms, an assortment of lenses, a very- fine dissolving view apparatus, a hundred or more view^s in Astronomy, Botany, etc.; a pair of large iron cylinders for oxy-hydrogen, and also gas bags, with press, whirling table with colored circles, and a fine compound microscope. For Mechanics we have Atwood's machine, a system of pulleys, a Gyroscope, (mounted, also, for illustrating preces- sion,) elastic and inelastic balls, and many other pieces. We have a pair of fine i8 inch globes, well mounted ; a wire globe, orreries, a fine refracting telescope, four inch aperture, of Clark & Sons' make ; also a seven inch refracting telescope of eight feet focal length, of excellent defining power — a recent gift. We have a good surveyor's compass and chain, a Troughton & Simms' level, a theodolite, and an excellent sex- tant. The work from adjoining the apparatus, contrnns a beautiful $300 engine lathe, with foot-power attachment. CHEMICAL APPARATUS. The chemical apparatus is such as to illustrate amply the lectures in general chemistry. DEGREES AND DIPLOMAS. The Degree of Bachelor of Divinity is conferred upon the graduates of the regular course in the Department of Theol- ogy ; that of Bachelor of Arts upon the graduates of the Classical and Scientific Course in the Department of Philoso- phy and the Arts. The degree of Master of Arts is confer- red upon any Bachelor jf three or more years' standing, who has been engaged in literary or scientific pursuits, and has sustained a good moral character. A Diploma, certifying the successful completion of the prescribed course of study, is given to each graduate of the Literary Course in the Depart- ment of Philosophy and the Arts, and to each graduate of the Conservatory of Music. PRESIDENTS OF THE COLLEGE. Rev. Asa Mahan was President from 1835 '° ^^5° '■> Rev. C. G. Finney from 1851 to 1866 ; and Rev. James H.Fairchild from 1866 to the present time. PERIODICAL LITERATURE. Of the periodicals issued at Oberlin, and embodying Ober- lin views, " The Oberlin Evangelist,^'' begun in 1839 and con- tinued till 1861, was a religious bi-weekly. Its matter was in everv sense original and strictly religious. For many years the sermons ol Mr. Finney formed one of its chief features ; and these, as well as the productions of its editor, Prof. Henry Cowles, and the productions of others, gave fit and full ex- pression to Oberlin thought. " The Oberlin Quarterly Review" begun in 1845 and dis- continued in 1S49, containing more elaborate articles from Oberlin men, fulfilled a similar end. " The Oberlin .Student's Monthly,^' begun in the latter part of 1858, and discontinued in the Spring of 1S51, was con- ducted by editors chosen from the literary societies, and was composed chiefly of the productions of students. " The Oberlin Revieiv^' begun in 1874 and still continued, is under the control of the Union Library Association, and is conducted by a corps of editors chosen from the literary societies. BOOKS. Oberlin has not yet produced a long list of books ; it may suffice here to mention the principal ones. President Finney's Systematic Theology, published first at Oberlin in 1847, in two volumes, and afterward revised and published in one volume in England, embodies his original and profound discussion of the "Benevolence" theory in Moral Philosophy in its relation to other theories, as well as a like discussion of the principal doctrines of Christianity, and is used as a text-book in the Theological Seminary. President Fairchild's Moral Philoso- phy, published a few years since, is a concise, clear, and sys- tematic presentation of the " Benevolence " theory, specula- tively and practically, as held and taught at Oberlin, and is used as a text-book in other colleges. Prof Cowles is the author of Commentaries on nearly all of the books of the Old Testament and on John's writings in the New, and is still writing. These Commentaries have been everywhere com- mended as presenting the results of sound learning in a con- cise and clear style. DISCIPLINE OF THE COLLEGE. The discipline of the school has had, from the beginning, some peculiarities. Circumstances were favorable for the initiation of changes in the usual system of college discipline. The first students gathered here were not 5c«/ to school — they came. They were serious-minded, earnest young people, with no thought but to make the most of their time and opportu- nities. They needed suggestions and instruction — not much restraint. The early students will remember that for years we had no roll called for recitation, no marking for perform- ance, no monitor to note absences from public exercises, and no account rendered in any way. There were published regulations — not printed — to which all were expected to con- form. A high degree of familiarity was maintained between faculty and students. The respect and confidence were so hearty, that stately formalities would have seemed as much out of place as between parents and children. Such a field afforded a good opportunity for dispensing with the strict sur- veillance of the monitorial and marking systems, and making- large account of the principles of confidence, self-respect and honor. The self-reporting system has been in operation for many years, each student giving account of his performance of his prescribed duties. The appeal is made to his honor and self-respect ; and while these doubtless fail at times, the tendency of the system is rot to break them down. A record has, for many years, been kept by each teacher of the performance in recitation, on a scale ranging from zero to six ; and this has a decisive influence in promoting diligence in study and thoroughness in recitation. The cases of individual discipline have always been sur- prisingly few, and are mostly confined to the Preparatory Department, which almost all new-comers enter. There are many influences which conduce to good order ; among which may be mentioned, first, the sense of responsi- bihty which attaches to each pupil to maintain his good name. Our college community is not so secluded that a student can have a college reputation as distinct from his reputation in general society. The presence of both sexes in the school does much to secure this result. Then again, the interest which has always prevailed in the school on questions of moment in the outer world, such as slavery and politics, has been favorable. Still another feature in our college system is the employ- ment of a considerable number of the more advanced and influential students as teachers of the classes in the Prepara- tory Department. These teachers have, indeed, no authority out of the recitation room, but they are a powerful influence on the side of good order. While the general outcome of our system of discipline is thus satisfactory, it must not be supposed that it is in all cases successful, and that there are not instances in which the aims of teachers are frustrated, and the hopes of parents and friends disappointed. There is no complete immunity from tempta- tion in Oberlin, and has never been. Those who are prepense to evil have always been able to find it ; and those to whom a direct, vigilant oversight is essential, are not likely to pros- per here. But many who would resist such supervision, and deteriorate under it, are found susceptible to generous motives, and make rapid progress. RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES. The religious influences in connection with Oberlin College have, from the first, been supreme and controlling. It was founded in prayer, and in earnest religious consecration. Revivals have been frequent and powerful ; there is always more or less religious interest among the students, and conversions are continually occurring. Among the teachers and citizens there is an earnest desire for the spiritual welfare of the students. All the students are required to assemble at the close of every day tor public prayers, and to attend family prayers in the morning at their hoarding places. Every recitation is opened with a short prayer or singing. All students are required t(j attend church twice on the Sab- bath. Every class has a weekly exercise in the English Bible, which all are required to attend ; and in these exercises, throughout the entire course of study, systematic and thorough instruction is given in the history, doctrines and precepts of the Bible. There is a weekly prayerineeting. on Monday evening, for all young people, conducted l^y the Principal of the Prepara- tory Department, and a weekly prayer-meeting ior each class, conducted l)y one of the teacheis. The young people's meet- ing, on Monda\ evening, is largely attended by tlie students, and contributes much toward awakening and maintaining a religious interest. There is also a young men's meeting on Sunday evening, and a young ladies' meeting at the same hour at the Ladies' Hall. The religion inculcated is of a t) pe strictly evangelical, but liberal and not sectarian. The members of the Faculty are Congregationalists ; but the college has no organic connection with any religious body, and the broad, general princijiles of Christianit\ are inculcated, ritther than mere denominational characteristics. The graduates of the Theological Seminar\ generally be- come pastors of Congregational churches ; these churches are therefore interested in it ; and the Ohio Congregational Con- ference appoint a committee of visitation to attend the annual examinations and report. But even in this case there is no controlling supervision. This religious spirit has lieen pervading, persistent and controlling, and has given a character of seriousness, earnest- ness and sobriety both to the Institution and to the place. To this many have contributed ; but perhaps no one man has contributed more than the late President Finney. At the time of his death he had been connected with the college, as Professor of Theology, forty years ; for fifteen years he was President of the College ; and till within two or three years of his death, he was pastor of the First Church, in which position he exerted a controlling influence over the students as w^ell as over the inhabitants. By his fervid and untiring zeal, and his deep and earnest love for souls, united with a mind of extraordinary strength and energy, he made here, as everywhere, upon the multitudes whom he drew under his influence, impressions salutary and lasting. Beyond question Oberlin has received its practical and earnest religious charac- ter largely from him. SOURCES OF INFOilMATION. In the preceding sketch free use has been made of a little book by President Fairchlld, entitled, "Oberlin, its Origin, Progress and Results," delivered first as an address to the alumni in iS6o, and re-published in 1871. This is the best history and characterization of Oberlin that has yet been written. "A Historical Sketch of Oberlin College " has also been published in pamphlet form, by E. H. Fairchild, for many years Principal of the Preparatory Department, and now President of Berea College.. President Fairchild's Inaugural Address, delivered in 1866, and published in pamphlet form, discusses " Educational Arrangements and College Life at Oberlin ;" and in July, 1867. he also delivered, before a meeting of College Presi- dents at Springfield, III, an address on '' The Co-education of the Sexes," v/hich was published in pamphlet form. To these, together with the annual and triennial catalogues, those who desire further information are referred. TABULAR STATEMENT OF ATTENDANCE AT OBERLIN COLLEGE. TlieolDK'al 1 Col eat' Li'( rnrv 1 Conserv i'repaiMtory Total l>ep' ■ 1 Coiirs(j.| Tourse | Htory Sc.liiols. Attendance. »=J ^ , i. i, fi -< c i c •0 S •3 -a 3 3 c it ■5 1 g a "5 a> s "5 >i X ^1 si 5" a 5 t/5 6 'A ■A C5 d ii 79 1) 44 C-l 1834 123 1835 35 38 73 263 93 356 1836 58 14 3 95 92 273 117 390 1837 1 1 131 13' 1838 ^^ 14 12 113 20 98 1 i 130 27 157 265 126 391 1839 9 14 17 6 97 21 118 1840 r8 8 1 70 15 103 4 135 23 1-18 ■271 133 404 1841 64 18 5 68 12 91 10 181 56 2^27 218 166 484 1812 54- 16 4 115 8 90 6 213 84 2H7 3d7 193 560 18(3 43 17 6 140 95 4 •326 68 294 382 192 574 1844 35 12 3 127 H 102 8 207 73 280 343 202 54S 1845 32 8 2 141 24 110 11 148 50 198 242 188 480 184ri 37 16 1 113 16 129 8 1 209 35 241 345 182 527 1847 25 5 8i 106 25 14Q 12 j 173 28 lOll 314 178 492 1818 27 5 6 93 17 121 8 150 26 1761 282 159 441 1849 ■27 7 5 76 12 117 6 152 34 186 266 162 428 1850 20 5 2 66 13 24il 8 240 88 ■328 342 201 543 1851 23 69 15 158 10 20^ 54 259 317 217 534 1852 •22 3 4 65 6 144 9 231 93 321 330 241 571 1853 2.1 10 7| 64 8 248 to 459 211 670| 561 459 1020 1854 22 4 41 94 17 270 12 603 3119 912] 726 565 1305 1855 26 8 2' 92 11 229 12j 557 284 841 675 513 U88 1856 24 4 3] 110 10 ISl 19 457 29U 747 578 484 1062 1857 27 9 5! li7 15 229 19i 538 290 82S 677 539 1216 1858 16 3 61 137 23 237 I7i 540 292 832 669 553 1222 1859 21 5 3| 119 26 234 25I 590 255 84", 736 513 1249 1860 3(i 9 ^1 181 16 191 29; 570 258 828 755 488 1243 1861 3'. 8 199 30 222 31 601 254 855 835 476 1313 18»i2 26 13 2 199 29 213 28 j 407 226 633 599 472 1071 186:^ 25 6 5! 147 18 159 201 1 310 218 5-28, 457 402 859 18H4 21 6 2 122 16 154 14 271 293 56l' 450 167 917 1865 13 7 4 112 3d; 17,-. 28, 273 300 57 '; 4lJ9 192 9iJl 1866 13 99 16 155 23 410 31S 728; 536 184 1020 1867 14 3 5 112 22 179 20' 511 301 812, 655 490 1145 1868 11 4 1 119 25 190 19 481 294 773^ 610 491 1134 1869 16 2 4I 121 u' 179 11! 467 283 750! 628 472 1100 l»7l> 25 5 4 144 34' 170 311 147 442 255 697' 634 477 im 1871 36 10 6 129 23 187 19 263 494 •221 715' 700 529 1229 1872 38 6 4 166 40 162 17| 2K4 46'l 218 678, 710 500 1210 187.i 43 8 1 142 22 159 31 244 407 227 634' 648 523 1171 1874 46 8 139 26, 166 16 308 485 298 783, 723 648 1371 1875 39 12 159 35 171) 161 316 420 271 691 1 697 633 1330 1876 51 147 1 145 286 431 198 629' 648 568 1216 for Summary see previous pau'ea. FACULTY OF OBERLIN COLLEGE, 1876. Rev. James H. Faikchild, President, Prof, of Theology, and Avery Professor of Moral Philosophy. Rev. John Morgan, Prof, of New Testament Literature and Biblical Theology. James Dascomb, M. D., Professor of Chemistry, Botany and Physiology. Rev. John M. Eli.is, Professor of Mental Philosophy and Rhetoric. Rev. Charles H. Churchill, Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. Rev. Judson Smith, Prof, of Church History, and Lecturer on Modern History. Giles W. Shurtleff, A. M., Professor of the Latin Language and Literature. Rev. Hiram Mead, Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and Pastoral Theology. Rev. Wm. H. Ryder, Professor of the Greek Language and Literature. Fenelon B. Rice, Professor of Music. Rev. Elijah P. Barrows, Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Literature. • Rev. James H. Laird, Principal of the English Preparatory School. Albert A. Wright, A. M., Ph. B., Professor of Geology and Natural History. James K. Newton, A. M., Prof, of the German and French Languages and Literatures. James R. Severance, A. M., Instructor in Elocution. Henry F. Clark, A. M., Associate Professor of Latin and Greek. Mrs. a. a. F. Johnston, Principal of the Ladies' Department. THE Ohio Central Normal School, In common with others in various parts of the State, had its origin in the wide-spread belief that Ohio needed some- thing more than the mere academy, college or high school', in which to prepare her teachers for the arduous and re- si)onsible task of training her one million and seventeen thousand children. This conviction found frequent expression in written articles, and in able discussions in her educational councils, as early as 1850; and in 1856, an effort was made by the teachers themselves, to establish such a school in the eastern part of the State, under the auspices of the Ohio State Teachers' Association. But the burden proving too great for them, it was abandoned, after a few years' trial, and the school continued as a private enterprise. Other States had already expended large sums of money in establishing Normal Schools. These schools soon became so deservedly popular, and their necessity seemed so ap- parent in onr own State, that the matter Avas frequently brought before the Legislature by the leading teachers, and more recently in the shape of recommendations in the School Commissioners' Reports. But for reasons best known to her- self, the State of Ohio has thus far refused to listen to these appeals, and has delayed the recognition of this want, in any direct aid, other than the provisions made for County Teachers' Institutes. This public neglect of one of the most manifest wants, whether unavoidable or not, has naturally led to the organi- zation of a number of private Normal Schools, and Normal Departments in Academies and Colleges, which, at the best, are inadequate, both as to number and efficiency, for the great work of training an army of teachers every year. This inefficiency does not necessarily arise from any defect in colleges, as such, but from the incompatibility of the work they have undertaken to do. This work is largely profes- sional, and can only be provided for at heavy expense, and the necessary diversion of much that belongs exclusively to college work. The State could, however, well afford to organize and endow Normal Departments in her Universi- ties, and in her Agricultural and Mechanical College, and thus add largely to their popularity and usefulness. The wisdom of the larger cities, in providing for this pro- fessional training of their teachers, is in striking contrast with that of the State at large ; and the results are telling -^yith marked effect upon the character of the schools, when compared with those of similar grade, where no such pro- visions have yet been made. But it is to be hoped that when Ohio does move in this matter, it will be with a liberality ^nd a dignity becoming her acknowledged greatness. The organization and equipment of a school exhibit- ino- all the grades of teaching and management, from the primary to the most advanced, has long been a cherished scheme of the writer; that such a school, under wise and beneficent management, and with a liberal patronage, would be of vast service to the teachers of the State, in their pro- fessional capacity, can scarcely be questioned. That many such are needed in the State, is equally apparent. Every county has teachers and candidates enough to constitute a good Normal School, if they could be brought together under some wise provisions. But, what the State fails to do in a matter of such manifest necessity, will, under an enlightened public sentiment, be attempted at least, by private enter- prise ; though it must be apparent to any one, that, to put into operation such a school, or such schools, requires a larger fortune than usually falls to the lot of teachers, even in an incorporate capacity. The design of the ^'Ohio Central Normal School, ^^ will, there- fore, be inferred from the foregoing, and from its subsequent history. How fully it shall answer the expectations of its founders and friends, remains to be seen. It has had all the struggles and hardships incident to an enterprise requiring the greatest watchfulness, and the most unremitting labor to guard it, at once, from mere pedantry, and at the same time, to make it thorough in its academic work, and truly professional in its character. In this latter respect, it has had to contend against the prevailing indifference, and ignorance, as to the true nature and design of a Normal School, as well as against the example and prejudice of other institutions, merely bearing that name. But, that its beginnings have been fair, as to success, and, that its pros- pects are auspicious, may be gathered from the following BRIEF HISTORY. In the summer of 1871, the property, formerly known as the " Worthington Female Seminary," situated in the town of Worthington, Franklin County, Ohio, including three acres of land, beautifully ornamented with trees and shrub- bery, a large four story brick building, ample for the accom- modation of J50 or 200 students, was purchased, and a seliool opened the following September, under the joint principal- ship of Mitchell and Odgen, with the title of " Ohio Central Normal School ^ THE LOCATION is one of great natural beauty and excellence^ easy of access from all parts of the State, being within five miles of the corporate limits of Columbus, and directly on one of the many railroads leading into that city, and within a mile and a half of another. These, together with the health- fulness, and quiet of place, and the general intelligence of the inhabitants, seem to point out this place, as one most central and desirable for the establishment of a Normal School, suited to the professional wants of the teachers of the State. The first care, therefore, in its establishment was to render these advantages as serviceable as possible. Accordingly A COURSE OF STUDY Avas adopted, embracing a careful review of the common branches, and the study of the usual number and kind of the higher academic branches, including the languages. Superadded, was a professional course, to which the merely academic was subordinated, embracing the whole doctrine of educational growth and progress, together with the study of the best authors on teaching, the school laws of the State, and a careful comparison and test of 2J'>~inciple8 and methods, in a course of lectures, one or two each day, extending through the entire school course, varied each term and year, to suit the grade and other circumstances of the class. Care- ful abstracts of these lectures and lessons were made by the pupil teachers. This, together with the teaching exercises, discussions and Avriting of " theses " on the various topics relating to teaching, constituted the leading features of the school, about which all mere stud}^ of branches, as such, was made to cluster, as illustrative of principles and methods. THE ATTENDANCE the first year, in the Normal School proper, was 111; 52 gen- tlemen, and 59 ladies. The second year it was 178 ; 94 gen- tlemen, and 84 ladies. The number graduated the second year, was 8, 4 gentlemen and 4 ladies, all of whom, with but one exception, entered at once upon the duties of teaching, some of them in the best schools in the State. The following year, the school was under the joint princi- jDalship of Ogden and Lewis, Mr. Mitchell having entered upon another profession. The attendance this j'ear was 215; 105 gentlemen and 110 ladies, with a graduating class of 17, 8 gentlemen and 9 ladies, 16 of whom have entered upon their duties as teachers. The course of study remained substantially the same, with some slight alterations in the arrangement of terms. In .January, 1875, Mr. Lewis withdrew, leaving the entire management of the school to the present principal, assisted temporarily, by Rev. Chas. H. Young, A. M., Rector of the Episcopal Church in the place. Miss Carrie M. Semple — a teacher of rare abilities — and six tutors, members of the Senior Class. This plan of entrusting a few classes to the more advanced students, we have found beneficial, where it is properly guarded, both to teacher and pupil. It is carry- ing out, though not always in the most satisfactory way, one of the leading ideas of a Normal School, viz. : to learn how to teach, by practice under the direction, of the principal. The attendance this year was 214; 111 gentlemen, and 103 ladies, with a class of 20 graduates, 10 gentlemen and 10 ladies. A large majority of these have already found remu- nerative positions in the schools in various parts of the State. The school continues, the present year, under the same principalship, with about the usual number in attend- ance, and with a marked and steady progress to a higher standard of excellence. The vicissitudes it has thus far exp3riericed, have only served to point out needed improve- 6 ments, and to demonstrate how necessary a purely profes- sional school is. THE PRESENT PLAN. It will be seen by the " synopsis of a course of study," at the end of this sketch, that what few changes have been made in the curriculum, all look to the same object, to-wit, its more perfect adaptation to the wants of teachers. It will be seen further, that this school proceeds upon the suppo- sition : 1. That Normal Schools ought to be largely or entirely profes- sional, if their circumstances will permit, their academic character being merely incidental, arising chiefly from the present necessary recognition of the fact that students are not usually thoroughly enough prepared in the academic studies, to enter the professional department, and must needs complete these studies in the Normal School, much to its detriment, as a purely professional school. 2. That the ivhole subject of Didactics, general and special, admits of as rigid a classification into scientific formula as usu- ally falls to the lot of any merely empirical science ; a classifica- tion, whose nomenclature is at least as significant as that oi Mental Science, upon which it is mainly founded, and not less certain than the laws of growth, as we find them devel- oped in Human Physiology and Hygiene. Indeed it is these two sciences, relating as they do to the mind and the body, that give rise to, and make necessary, the science of didac- tics. 3. That teachers, after their academic instruction, can be most efficiently prepared fcr their work, by studying this science before attempting to practice it. It may, for convenience, be formu- lated thus : 1. The study of man as an educahle being, in all his possible relations in life, from infancy to maturity, both as a physical and a psychical being. This gives comprehensive views as to his intended sphere, and suggests means, at the same time, of restoring and set- ting him right, wherein his departure from the true path is apparent — no small part, it will be se(!n, of man's true edu- cation, in a world where surroundings have such a potent influence. The lack of this knowledge, on the part of those who have his management, is a source of no inconsiderable share of the mistakes and blunders commited in man's education. To teach man we must hnoxv him, not only historically, but psychologically. To know him, we must study him; and the child is the man, the society, the state, epitom- ized, and is best studied in connection with the means of education and growth. 2. The study of knowledge as an educational instruinentality ; knowledge not as an end, but as a means by ivhich an end is to be attained, a means by which man is- to be educated. It embraces what might be denominated tlie psychology of knowledge; or a diagnosis of science,, art and employment, for the purpose of determining their educatiomil worth, or value, so that they may be disposed, both as to kind and quantity, to the very best possible advantage, in the child's education. With this branch of the professional work,, every teacher should have some acquaintance — should even be familiar ; for no teacher is fitted for his oflBice, in that highest sense, to which we all should aspire, who^ cannot plan and execute an entire philosophical course of study, for any grade of school, for which he may be preparing himself. 'The abilit}^ to foresee, and to provide for the logical and chronological development of the faculties of body and mind, by a corre- sponding adjustment of contemporaneous branches and em- ployments, is an accomplishment devoutly to be sought in the Normal School. 3. The study and practice of methods, general and special, as deduced from the study of man and knowledge, in all their legitimate relations, as indicated in the foregoing propositions. 8 This constitutes the major part of the hist year's profes- sional work, in this Normal School. We do not mean " methods," as mere caprice, hut methods founded upon facts and principles, deduced by logical analysis from the nature of man as an educable subject. This knowledge then becomes a means, and education, symmetrical and complete, an end to be attained. The real value of methods depends entirely upon their conformity to sound theory, or the ends they are intended to subserve. In addition to this, however, their use may lead to the discovery of truth ; but much after the same manner, in which the amputation of a limb, may lead the "quack" to the discovery of an artery, but not, usually, in time to save the artery, or the life of the patient. True theory logically precedes methods or practice, as science precedes art, or the applications of science to busi- ness pursuits. The consistent blending of the two, consti- tutes the true conditions of all healthy ^^rogress, and all right practice in the art of teaching. True methods are the product of careful study and experiment, based upon the knowledge of man, and the means by which he attains his greatest perfection. They are self-evolved, and individual- ized in their application; and, to be successful, they must be vitalized bj^ that warm glow of native intelligence, which comes alone from discovery, or invention. They are the legitimate out-growths of self-knowledge and culture, and hence subject to such modifications in the hands of different teachers, as circumstances and individual pupils may demand. They are the exponents of principles. These jDrinciples are eternal, inflexible, unchanged, and unchanging. Their right application, which is method, is as varied and multi- form as the natures are, Avhich they are intended to accom- modate. The whole doctrine of methods, therefore, is expressed in these three words, " Unity in Diversity j^^ unity in principle, and diversity in practice or methods. These propositions presuppose, or demand an intimate knowledge of physiology and mental science. Such too, as is seldom derived from books alone ; but a knowledge of the incentives of human thought and action, determined from carefully noting the changes in intellectual, moral and physical growth, and their mutual bearings, one upon the other. This reveals an important fact in respect to these studies, viz. : that they are most successfully jDrosecuted, when studied as one branch, the mind in connection fwith the organism through which it acts ; or what might be termed, if the coining of a word were allowable, psycho- physiology, or mental physiology. These two branches, thus correlated, and thus studied, are made the basis of all right professional study and practice in this Normal School. By these and similar agencies, it is proposed to reach the true doctrine of man's education, and to promulgate it among teachers, a reform, it would seem, most devoutly to be wished for, at this particular juncture of human affairs. In short, it proposes, first, to understand man as an educable subject; second, to know the force and value of hnoidcdge as a means of his education ; and lastly, to make philosophical appli- cations of knowledge and human activities to actual teaching. The first two embody the " Principles of Educa- tion,^^ and are known as such in this school, the last as ^'■Methods;''' and together they constitute the crowning excellence of all "Theory and Practice." But in order to render these principles more available, and to exhibit in a more tangible form, the workings of a philosophical S3"stem of education, TWO NEW DEPARTMENTS have been recently added to this school, viz. : 1. A Model School, composed of three grades. Primary, Intermediate and High School, this latter assuming the work of the merely academic preparation, and at the same 10 time, the whole serving as a model for ohsei vation and prac- tice ; and 2. A genuine Kindergarten, both for the } urpose of exhib- iting the true methods of culture, for littie children from the age of three to seven years, according to "Froebel's Method," and for training Kindergarten teachers for this comparatively new education, so deservedly popular where best known. THE PRESENT FACULTY OF INSTRi:CTI0N consists of the following persons: John Ogden Principal of Normal School. Mrs. John Ogden Principal of Kindergarten. Miss Mary S. Case... First Assistant Teacher. Sebastian Thomas... Teacher of German Language. These are assisted from time to time by such members of the Senior class as are fitted for giving instruction in the several branches. the normal institute, or short term of five or six weeks, in July and August, of each year, constitutes an important feature in this Normal School. This term is for the accommodation of city teachers, and others throughout the State, who are confined in their schools during the greater part of the year, and yet who feel willing to devote their vacations to the review of branches, and to the attendance upon courses of lectures on popular sciences, and principles and methods of teaching. The very best representatives of these popular subjects are chosen from year to year, and the exposition of their several topics, may be regarded as the safest and most com- plete that can any where be found. As an example, we append the lists for the years of 1875 and 1876 : 11 ASSISTANT INSTRUCTORS AT NORMAL INSTITUTE. PnoF. T. C. Mendenhall, - - - - Ohio Ag. and Mech. College. Experimental FJiysics. Mrs. F. W. Case, Columbus, Ohio. Primary Instruction and Drawing. Hon. T. W. Harvey, ------ Painesville, Ohio. English Grammar, and Theory and Practice. Prof. E. B. Marsh, Mt. Vernon. Ohio. Reading and Vocal Culture. LECTURERS. Pres't F. Merrick, Delaware, Ohio. Two Lectures, '^God in Nature.^' Pres't Edward Orton, - - - - Ohio Ag. and Mech. College. Two Lectures, " Geology of Ohio" Hon. E. E. White, Educational Monthly. One Lecture, "Six Elements of Government.'^ Dr. D. a. Randall, Columbus, Ohio. Two Lectures, "Suez Canal," and *^ Pompeii and Herculaneum." Hon. C. S. Smart, ------- Commissioner Common Schools. One Lecture, " Official Duties of Teachers." EVENING ENTERTAINMENTS. TJie Physics of Harmony. Prof. T. C. Mendenhall. Select Readings, Etc. Prof. R. B. jNIarsh. The list for 1876 is as follows : Prof. T. C. Mendenhall, - Experimental Phj'sios. Hon. T. W. Harvey, - - - - Language and Theory and Practice. Hon. W. D. Henkle, - - - Mathematical Instruction. Miss Delia A. Lathrop, - - Principles and Methods of Education. Mrs. F. W. Case, Primary Instruction. Mrs. John Ogden, - - - - Kindergarten Practice. 12 These persons are too well known in Ohio and elsewhere to need any words of commendation. Their names are a sufficient guaranty to teachers, for the excellence of their instruction. The list for popular lectures for this year has not yet been selected. We may be pardoned for introducing here, the following resolutions, passed at the close of the last session of the Normal Institute. They may be regarded as a fair exponent of public opinion respecting this feature of the school, and of its general management. FROM THE SPRINGFIELD REPUBLIC. The State of Ohio, as a State, makes no provision for the professional training of lier teacliers; hence this must be done, if done at all, either in neighboring States, or in institutions in our own State which are kept up by private enterprise. Among the many schools established for this purpose, none more richly deserves the patronage of the teachers of the State than the Ohio Central Normal School at Worthington, Ohio. This school is looked upon by the prominent educators of Ohio, as one of the very best in the State ; one that is established upon the right basis; one whose influence for good is being felt wherever its teachers are found. It was my privilege to be present at the annual Institute at Worth- ington, commencing July 7th and continuing five weeks, and I can say unhesitatingly that it was the most successful Institute ever held there. One hundred teachers were in attendance, and the instruction was of the best and most practical character. Prof. Mendenhall's lectures and experiments in physics, Mrs. Case's primary work, Prof. Orton's lec- tures on the geology of Ohio, Mr. Harvey's instruction in language, and the drill in elocution by Prof. Marsh, wore all prominent features of the Institute. Daily discussions were held by the teachers in which matters of vital importance, relating to the theory and practice of teaching, were talked over and an interchange of views thus effected which must be profitable to all who participated therein. At the close of the Institute the following j^reamble and resolutions were unani- mously adopted : AViiEREAs, We, teachers, having attended the Normal Institute at Worthington, Ohio, 1875, have been greatly benefitted by the practical instruction of tlie able educators to whom we have listened ; and, whereas, we believe that Prof. Ogden, on account of his ability in, and 13 zeal and devotion to the cause of education, deserves the co-operation and support of the teachers of the State : Resolved, That we do tender him our sincere thanks for this oppor- tunity of availing ourselves of so much practical knowledge; and that we wish him the largest success in his noble work. Resolved, That we heartily indorse the management of this institution, and recommend it to any who wish to prepare themselves for teaching, as one giving thorough and practical training. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be sent to the several county papers for publication. This school is now under the management of Prof. John Ogden assisted by an able corps of instructors. The fall term commences early in September, and to teachers, who wish to better fit themselves for the work in which they are engaged, allow me to say, that they will find no place where the work can be done more thoroughly and satis- factorily than at Woithington. The following circular, and " Synopsis of a Course of Study — both Academic and Professional — for Normal Schools " will convey a tolerably clear idea of the present and pros- pective purposes of the school : Ohio Central Normal School. Thorough in its irovk, and Professional in it.^ character. Modern in its methods, and modest in its claims. I, ITS PURPOSES ARE, To devote special attention to "Common and Higher Branches," making thorough scholars by systematic study and hard work, as an indispensable prerequisite to good teaching. 14 2. To impart sound and comprehensive views of the nature, design and scope of education and culture, by careful study of accredited authors on teaching ; a/id by a course of Lectures, covering the entire ground of Didactics, general and special. 3. To study and practice such methods of School Organiza- tion, Teaching and Management, as shall conform, strictly to the nature of Man, as a subject, knowledge as a means, and education as an end. To facilitate these and kindred objects. II. THREE EEGULAR COURSES OF STUDY are adopted, suited to the corresponding grades of schools. 1. Elementary Normal Course, intended to prepare teachers for the common district school, and for lower grades of city schools. 2. The English Normal Course, for the larger districts and intermediate grades of city scliools. 3. The Classical Normal Course, for higher grades and Super- intendencies of city schools. On the completion of any one of the above courses a cor- responding Diploma will be awarded, which, it is hoped, will prove a passport to our best schools, both city and country. This school will strive to be a model in all its depart- ments, and a true exponent of the most advanced ideas of education and teaching. III. TERMS AND TUITION. 1. Normal and Model Schools. — Fall Term, 12 weeks, prepaid at one time.... $11. 00 Winter " 16 " " " " .... 15.00 Spring " 12 " '' '' " .... 11.00 IS 2. Kindergarten.— Childrens' ' ourse, 40 weeks, $60. Ladies' Course, 6 montlis, $iOO. fi@" No additi, lal charge to those taking full "Ladies' Course" in Kii ergartening, who wish to pursue other studies in the ' )rmal School. SYNOPSL OF NORMAL SCHOOL COURSE. CADEMIC OR PREPARATORY. 1. PHYSICAL CIENCE— Geogra] ly, Physical and Civil. Physiol' ^y and Natural History. Botany nd Geology. Natural Philosophy and Chemistry. 2. LANGUAGE - Readinu and Orthography. EnglisL Grammar and Analysis. Rhetori> and Composition. Latin, Greek, German and Music. 3. MATHEMATICS— Arithm tic and its applications to Busine ss Algebra. Geometry and Trigonometry. Surveying and Civil Engineering. Mathematical Geography and Astronomy. 4. HISTORY— State and United States. , General and Sacred. Constitution and School Laws. 16 5. PHILOSOPHY— Mental and Moral Science. Political Economy and Logic. General Literature and Ethics. II. NORMAL OR PROFESSIONAL. L ANTHROPOLOGY, OR MAN— Mental Physiology, or the Relation of Mind to its Material Organism. Laws and Order of the Development of Faculties. Sociology, or Growth of National and Social Order. 2. KNOWLEDGE, OR SCIENCE— Educational Force or Value of the Various Kinds of KnoAvledge. Its Classification according to Nature and Use. Arrangement into Courses of Study for Various Grades of Schools. 3. METHODS, OR APPLICATIONS— General — Organization and Management of Schools. Study and Recitation, as applied to all Grades. Theses, Discussions and Criticisms. Special — Primar}^ Instruction and Language Lessons. Application of Methods to Common Branches. Free-hand Drawing. Object Lessons and Practice. OHIO university; The history of the Ohio University dates from the first years of the Republic. The ordinance providing for its existence and support was passed by tlie Continental Con- gress in July, 1787, while the Constitutional Convention was still in session at Philadelphia. The provision thus made preceded the first encroachment of civilization upon the vast wilderness west of the Alleghenies, and was an integral part of the foundation laid for the political and social fabric which has since been reared in the North-west. It was secured through the agency of the Ohio Compan}'. This association had been organized in Boston the previous year to purchase "lands in the Western Territory belong- ing to the United States, for the benefit of the Company, and to promote a settlement in that country." Its origin and success were mainly due to General Rufus Putnam and Rev. Manasseh Cutler, LL. I)., — the former having suggested and organized the Company and having led the first band of emigrants to the banks of the Ohio; the latter having con- ducted the necessary negotiations with the general Govern- ment. -While the Writer 01 this sketch has availed himself ligations to Walker's r-xcellent History of Athens County, Ohio. RUFUS PUTNAM. Rufus Putman was a native of Sutton, Mass., and was born April 9, 1738. Having learned to read, and having by industry and self-denial obtained money enough to buy a spelling-book and an arithmetic, he succeeded in laying the foundation of very respectable acquirements. At fifteen he became the apprentice of a millwright at Brook field. Here he continued his studies as well as he was able, and by the time his apprenticeship expired had made himself a fair English scholar. In 1757 he enlisted as a private soldier and fought for the British king during the French and Indian War. At the beginning of the Revolution he entered the American army with the commission of a lieutenant colonel. The next year be was promoted to the rank of colonel, and appointed engineer ; and before the close of the war he was commis- sioned as a brigadier-general. About this time he joined a number of military officers in a petition to Congress for a grant of land in the West ; and was recognized as the most prominent and influential among them in the effort to secure their object. "The signers expect," he wrote to General Washington, "that I will pursue measures to have it laid before Congress." In his correspondence with General Washington upon this subject, appears, for the first time, the suggestion that the Govern- ment should provide endowments of land for education: — " The whole tract is supposed to contain about seventeen million, four hundred and eighteen thousand, two hundred and forty acres, and will admit of seven hundred and fifty-six town- ships of six miles square, allowing to each toivnship three thous- and and forty acres for the ministry, schools, waste land, rivers, ponds and higways." [Letter to Washington, June 16, 1783.] The effort, however, failed. For some years after this. General Putnam filled the posi- tion of State surveyor and land agent ; and when Congress passed, May 20, 1785, an ordinance providing for the survey of the public Lands, he was offered the appointment of sur- veyor. This he declined, as he could not enter upon the duties of the office without some delay. His friend General Tapper was therefore appointed " with authority to perform the duties of the office, until Mr. Putnam shall actually join the geographer and take the duties upon himself." [Jour- nals of Congress, July 18, 1785.] During the next winter Putnam and Tupper agreed to take steps toward the purchase of a large tract of Western land and the planting of a colony of emigrants on it. In pursuance of this agreement they published, January 25, 1786, an announcement of their purpose, and invited all persons AVho wished to join them in it to send delegates to meet at the Bunch of Grapes Tavern in Boston, Wednesday March 1, 1786, " then and there to consider and determine on a general plan of association." At the meeting held in consequence of tliis notice. Gener- al Putnam was chosen to preside. He was also made chair- man of the committee to draft a plan of organization. His name stands among those of the first directors ; and ^yhen arrangements for emigration had been decided on, it was ordered " that General Rufus Putnam be the superin- tendent of all the business aforesaid, and he is to be obeyed and respected accordingly." By this action he was placed in the position of chief responsibility and power. He exer- cised the supreme authority on the westward journey, and in the affairs of the infant community, till the arrival of Governor St. Clair. He was the first judge of the court of common pleas appointed in the territory, and also the first judge of the courts of general quarter sessions. To him Dr. Cutler sent his draft for a charter of the University, and he was a trustee of the institution from the date of its origin to the close of his life. He died at Marietta, O., in 1824. MANASSEH CUTLER. Manasseli Cutler was born at Killingly, Conn., May o, 1742. At the age of tAventy-tbree years be graduated at Yale, and at twenty-nine was settled over tbe cburcb in Ipswicb, Mass. He was soon recognized as a minister of ability and learning; but became even more widely known as a man of science. As a botanist, especially, he attained considerable distinction. He was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1781 ; a mem- ber of the Philosophical Society of Philadelphia in 1783; an honorary member of the Massachusetts Medical Societ}^ in 1784; received the degree of LL. D. from Yale college in 1789 ; was elected a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society in 1792, and was a representative in Congress in 1800-1802. He appeared in Boston March 1, 1786, as a delegate to the meeting for the formation of the Ohio Company ; was ap- pointed one of the committee to draft a plan of organiza- tion ; was chosen one of the first directors ; and was selected by the directors to contract with Congress for the purchase of land. He actually conducted the whole business to its conclusion; though, toward the last, it assumed such propor- tions that he desired Major Sargent secretary of the Com- pany, who was at that time in New York, to share the responsibility. Accordingly the contract was signed by txoth of them. In 1788, after the first emigrants had made some progress in their settlement at Marietta, he spent a few weeks among them, and to the end of his life he never ceased to be their valued and influential counselor. He died in Massachusetts iii 1820. ORDINANCES OF CONGRESS. The contract of the Ohio Company for the purchase of land from Congress, comprehended as a basis, the congres- sional provisions for the government of the Northwest Ter- ritory. When the ordinance for this purpose had been pre- pared, a copy of it was sent by the Committee to Dr. Cutler " with leave to make remarks and propose amendments." [Dr. Cutler's Journal, July 10, 1787.] He suggested several amendments, all of wdiich were adopted, except one, and even in respect to that the ordinance was so modified as to conform more nearly to his wishes. He desired that emi- grants to the Territory should not be subject to taxation by the national government, unless they enjoyed a full repre- sentation in Congress. The provision actually adopted was the result of a compromise. A careful investigation of circumstances and a compari- son of dates, renders it highly probable, if not certain, that the articles of compact with which the ordinance of 1787 concludes, were suggested, perhaps even written, by Dr. Cutler. They fell in with his designs, whereas it Avas plainly opposed to the immediate interest of the older States. " It was, of all things, the very means of rendering certain avast emigration from her [New England's] own population to the West." [Webster's first speech on Foot's Resolution.] The evidence is especially strong that Dr. Cutler originated the third article, which declares that "religion, morality, and knowledge being necessary to good government and to the happiness of mankind, schools and the "means of education shall forever be encouragedy This ordinance, of which Mr. Webster said in 1830, "I doubt Avhether one single law of any lawgiver, ancient or modern, has produced efi'ects of more distinct, marked, and lasting character," was passed July 13, 1787. On the 17th, Dr. Cutler returned from Phila- delphia, where he had spent a few days, and the next day entered upon the special business to which the Company had appointed him. On the 23d, just ten days after the passage of the ordinance providing for the government of the Terri- tory, another ordinance was passed fixing terms of sale for the tract afterwards purchased by the Ohio Company, and empowering the Board of Treasury to contract. This ordin- 6 ance not being entirely acceptable to Dr. Cutler, he and Major Sargent addressed a letter to the Board of Treasury, refusing to enter into contract, unless certain modifications Avere made in the terms. Finally, on the 27th, Congress passed a new ordinance, meeting the demands presented and insisted on with so much energy by Dr. Cutler. In these ordinances it was provided that section sixteen in each township should be set apart for the support of schools ; that section twenty-nine should be set apart for the support of religion ; and that " not more than tivo complete townships should be given perpetually for the purposes of an University, to be laid oft" by the purchaser or purchasers as near the center as may be (so that the same shall be of good land), to be applied to the intended object by the Legislature of the State." Such, in its remote beginnings, was the origin of the Ohio University. It was the first example in the history of our country, of the establishment and endowment of an institu- tion of learning by the direct agency of the general govern- ment. The honor of it belongs almost exclusively to Manasseh Cutler, and when we consider the influence which he has exerted, through the ordinances of July, 1787, upon the civilization of the Northwest, it is, perhaps, not too much to say, that to him, more than to any other individual, we are indebted for the prosperity, the freedom, and the intelli-' gence of that extensive and populous region. THE CONTRACT. The contract was concluded Octol>er 27, 1787. By it the Ohia Company obtained optional possession of a body of land having for its southern boundary the Ohio river, for its eastern ^xjundary the seventh range of townships, for its western boundary the eighteenth range of townships, and extending northward so far that a straight line running east and west would include a million and a half of acres, besides the several townships and sections reserved or appropriated to specific purposes. Only half this amount, however, was ever paid for and controlled by them. No time was lost in making an actual settlement. On the seventh of April, 1788, a colony, under the leadership of General Putnam, landed at the confluence of the Ohio and Muskingum rivers. A month before this event, at a meeting of the Company held in Boston, the directors were requested "to pay as early attention as possible to the education of youth and the promotion of public worship among the first settlers." Dr. Cutler was accordingh^ authorized to employ a suitable person as instructor. He soon afterwards secured the services of Rev. Daniel Story, and a school was organized at Marietta the ensuing winter. UNIVERSITY LANDS SELECTED. In 1795 the lands to be devoted to the support of the University were located. The townships selected w^ere numbers eight and nine in the fourteenth range, now called Athens and Alexander. Gen. Putnam, who felt a deep interest in the proposed institution, used his influence to secure settlers for the college lands. The first families removed to them in 1797, and fixed their residence on and near the present site of the town of Athens, the seat of the University. Two years later, Dec. 18, 1799, the Territorial Legislature appointed Rufus Putnam, Benjamin Ives Oilman, and Jonathan Stone, "to lay off in the most suitable place within the townships, a town plat which should contain a square for the college ; also, lots suitable for house lots and gardens for a president, professors, tutors, etc., bordering on or encircled by spacious commons, and such a number of town lots adjoining the said commons and outlots as they shall think will be for the advantage of the University." This work having been done, a resolution was adopted by the Leg- islature, Dec. 6, 1800, approving and accepting it. In that year, also, Dr. Cutler sent to Gen. Putnam his draft of an in- corporating act for the University. The first section gave to the institution the name of the American University, and in a letter which accoinpanied tlie draft, he said : "As the American Congress made the grant which is the foundation of the University, no name appeared to me more natural than American University. The sound is natural, easy and agreeahle, and no name can be more respectable. There is a Columbian college and a Washington college, etc., already in the country, but no American college. I hope the name will not be altered." It is evident from this passage that the founders of the University entertained large expectations of its future. The same fact is no less manifest from Dr. Cutler's comments on the eighth section of his draft. Speaking of a limitation of the income by the Legislature, he said: "Forty and fifty thousand dollars can not be too high, as it must be applied to one of the most useful and important purposes to society and to government. The sums sound large, but no one can say to what amount the income of the endowments of this University may arrive in time. The income of Oxford and Cambridge in England is much greater." TERRITORIAL ACT OF 1802, ESTABLISHING THE UNIVERSITY. In January, 1802, an act based on the draft of Dr. Cutler, was passed, entitled "an act establishing an University in the town of Athens." (1 sess., 2 G. A. T. 161.) Section 1 established and located the University under the name of the American Western University. Section 2 provided for the perpetual existence of "a body politic and corporate, by the name and style of ' The President and Trustees of the American Western University.' " Section 3 appointed the trustees, to-wit : Hon. Rufus Putnam, Joseph Gilman, Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr., Paul Fearing, Rev. Daniel Story, Griffin Greene, Robert Oliver, Ebenozer Sproat, 9 Dudley Woodbridge, and Isaac Pierce. Section 11 vested in the board of trustees ** townships eight and nine in the fourteenth range for the sole use, benefit and support of the University, with full powers and authorit}^ to divide, sub- divide, settle and manage the same, by leasing. *=!<:};;!; Provided, that no lease shall be made for a longer term of time than twenty-one years." Section 14 exempted the college lands with the buildings that might be erected thereon from Territorial and State taxation. ACT OF STATE LEGISLATURE ESTABLISHING THE UNIVERSITY. Nothing was done to carry into 'effect the provisions of this act, and in 1804, February 18th, after the admission of Ohio into the Union, another act was passed, like the former in its main features, yet containing some important modifi- cations (2 0. L. 205). Section 1 gave to the institution its present name, the Ohio University, and defined its object to be " the instruction of youth in all the various branches of liberal arts and sciences, the promotion of good education, virtue, religion and morality, and conferring all the degrees and literary honors granted in similar institutions." Section 2 provided for the corporate existence of the board of trustees, and made the Governor of the State a member of the board ex officio. Section 3 appointed as trustees Elijah Backus, Rufus Putnam, Dudley Woodbridge, Benjamin Tappan, Bazaliel Wells, Nathaniel Massie, Daniel Symmes, Daniel Story, Samuel Carpenter, James Kilbourne, Griflin Greene, Sen., and Joseph Darlington. The number of trustees was to be not less than ten nor more than fifteen. At present the legal number is twenty-one, of whom the Governor ol the State and the President of the Universit}^ are mem- bers ex officio ; the others are nominated by the board and confirmed by the General Assembly. No political or religious tests are applied. Vacancies occur only by death, resignation, removal or expulsion. Section 11 10 provided for the subdivision of the college lands into tracts of not less eighty nor more than two hundred and forty acres; the valuation of them b}' three disinterested and judicious freeholders as in their orginal and unimproved state ; and the leasing of the same ''for the term of ninety years, renewable forever, on a yearly rent of six per centum on the amount of the valuation so made by the said free- holders ; and the land so leased shall be subject to a revalua- tion at the expiration of thirty-five years, and to another re- valuation at the expiration of sixty years, from the com- mencement of the term of each lease ; which revaluation shall be conducted and made on the principles of the first, and the lessee shall pay a yearly rent of six per centum on the amount of the valuation so to be made ; and forever thereafter on a yearly rent equal to and not exceeding six 13er centum of the amount of a valuation, to be made as aforesaid, at the expiration of the term of ninety years aforesaid. * * * * Provided always, that the corporation shall have power to demand a further yearly rent on the said lands and tenements, not exceeding the amount of the tax imposed on property of like description by the State." Section 17 exempted the lands in the two townships, with the buildings on them, from all State taxes forever. This act is the charter under which the institution was organized, and has ever since continued to operate. The following year an act was passed (3 0. L. 79), modify- ing, in some respects, the law of 1804. In particular, it provided that the trustees should lease the lands for ninety- nine years, renewable forever, with a fixed annual rent of six per centum on the appraised valuation. About 2,000 acres of this land have been sold in fee sim- ple; the rest, amounting to more than 44,000 acres, is still vested in the University, l)ut, being under perpetual lease it can never vield more than a scantv revenue. 11 ATHENS. The town of Athens, in which the University is located, contains nearly three thousand inhabitants. It is about twenty-five miles from the Ohio river, on the line of the Marietta and Cincinnati railroad, and at the southeastern terminus of the Columbus and Hocking Valley railroad. By these roads it is easily accessible from the eastern, western and central portions of the State. UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS. The buildings are of brick, and are eligibly situated in the southeastern part of the town. The grounds contain ten acres, about one-third of which, lying in front, is cover- ed with a handsome growth of trees, and an equal portion in the rear is reserved for recreation. The number of buildings is three. The middle building was erected in 1817. It is eighty-two feet long by fifty wide, and is three stories high. It contains the library, the chem- ical and philosophical apparatus, the museum, three recita- tion rooms, two society halls, and fifteen domitories. The wings are each sixty feet long by forty feet wide, and are three stories high. The east Aving was completed in 1837, and contains one recitation room, the rest of it being devoted to dormitories. The west wing was completed in 1839, and contains the chapel and two recitation rooms, the remain- ing rooms being dormitories. The basement and attic of the middle building are both in use. Recent repairs have placed the buildings in a much improved condition. The original building, called the Academy, was erected in 1808-9. It stood east of the present buildings and extended beyond the present enclosure. It was a two-story brick building, about twentj^-four feet by thirty, containing one room on each floor. For ten years this was the only build- ing belonging to the institution. After the college classes were oganized, the lower room was occupied by the prcpara- 12 tory department, while the upper one accommodated the apparatus. The building was removed many years ago. FIRST INSTRUCTION. In this building the first instruction of the institution was given. It was opened for the reception of students, June 1st, 1809. The course of instruction laid down bj^ the board, June 9, 1808, consisted of "the English, Latin, and Greek languages, mathematics, rhetoric, logic, geography, natural and moral philosophy." Rev. Jacob Lindley was the only teacher, and on the first day but three pupils were present, John Perkins, Brewster Higlcy, and Joel Abbott. Mr. Perkins is still living, a respected citizen of Athens. JACOB LINDLEY. Mr. Lindley, the preceptor, was born in Pennsylvania, June 13, 1774, graduated at Princeton in 1798, and was installed as pastor of the Presbyterian church in Water- ^ord, 0., in 1803. In 1805 he was appointed a trustee of the Ohio University. From 1808 to 1822 he was president of the board, and preceptor of the Academy ; from 1822 to 1824, professor of rhetoric and moral philosophy ; from 1824 to 1826, professor of mathematics. His connection witli the board of trustees continued till 1838, when it was dissolved by reason of his removal to the State of Mississippi. He died in his native State, January 29th, 1857. In 1812 Artemas Sawyer, a graduate of Harvard, was employed as Mr. Lindley's assistant. In 1818 Joseph Dana Avas employed as professor of Latin and Greek. The first degrees were conferred in 1815. Thomas Ewing and John Hunter, having completed the course of stud}', received, in that year, the degree of Bachelor of Arts. 13 THOMAS EWIXG. Mr. Ewing's name stands first on the roll of alumni, not only for this institution, but for the whole of Western America. He was born in Ohio Co.,Va., Dec. 28, 1789. In 1792 his father removed to Ohio, residing first on the Mus- kingum river, near Waterford, and afterward in what is now Ames Tp., Athens Co. Having learned to read, he eugeny devoured the contents of the collection of books then recently purchased by the contributions of the neigh- bors who had organized among themselves the " Western Ijibrary Association," and which formed the pioneer public library of Ohio. In 1808 he went to the Kanawha salt works, where he earned money enough to support himself for a few terms at the Ohio University. Whenever his means were exhausted, he returned to Virginia and earned more. In this way he succeeded in completing his course. In the summer of 1815 he removed to Lancaster, 0., wliere he studied law, and in 1816 was admitted to the bar. His abilities were at once recognized, and his progress to profes- sional success and distinction was uninterrupted. From 1831 to 1837 he was U. S. Senator from Ohio, and look a dis- tinguished part in the discussions of that stormy period. In 1841 he was appointed Secretary of the Treasury. In 1849 he was made Secretary of the Interior. On the death of President Taylor, he retired from the cabinet ; but, Mr. Corwin being appointed Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. Ewing re-enterd the senate to complete Mr. Corwin's unex- pired term. In 1851 he resumed the practice of law at Lancaster. He died Oct., 26, 1871. FACULTY ORGANIZED, A full faculty was organized in 1822. Rev. James Irvine, A. M., was chosen president, and professor of mathematics ; Rev. Jacob Lindley, professor of rhetoric and moral phil- osophy ; Joseph Dana, of languages ; and Henry D. Ward, 14 preceptor. The next year Rev. Samuel D. Hoge was ap- pointed professor of natural sciences. The other presidents have been— Rev. Robert G. Wilson, D. D., 1824-39; Rev. William H. McGuffey, D. D. LL. D., 1839-43; Rev. Alfred Ryors, D. D., 1848-52; Rev. Solomon Howard, D. D. LL. D., 1852-72; William H. Scott, A. M., 1873 to the present time. REV. JAMES IRVINE, A. M. the first president of the Ohio Lhiiversit}', was born in Washington County, N'ew York. Immediately after his graduation at Union College, he was elected professor of mathematics in the university in 1831; and in the follow- ing year became the president. Owing ill-health, he was the next spring allowed leave of absence, and never re- turned to his post. He lived for a time in New York City, and was afterward settled as pastor over a Presbyterian con- gregation in West Hebron, New York. REV. ROBERT G. WILSON, D. D., was a native of North Carolina, and was born Dec. 30, 1768. He graduated at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., and after studying theology, was ordained to preach May 22, 1794. He spent the first ten or eleven years of his ministry in Abbeville district, S. C. ; removed thence, in 1805, to Chilli- cothe, 0., where he was for nineteen years pastor of the Presbyterian Church. In 1824, he was elected president of the Ohio University, and during the next fourteen years administered its affairs with ability and success. In 1838, at the age of seventy, he resigned his position. He con- tinued to preach for about nine years. The last four 3'ears of his life were spent in the family of his daughter, Mrs. Mary W. Irwin, at South Salem 0., where he died April 17, 1851. 15 WILLIAM HOLMES McGUFFfn', D. D., LL. D., was born in Washington Count}^, Penn., Soptembcr 2od 1800. When he was but a child, his parents removed to Trumbull County, Ohio. He prepared himself for college, and entered Washington College, Penn., of which Dr. Wiley was at the time President. In March 1826, he was elected professor of ancient languages in Miami University, Ohio : and in 1832, he was transferred to the chair of Mental Philosophy. He was licened as a minister of the Presbyterian Church in 1829. In 1836, he w'"as chosen President of Cincinnati College. This position he held until chosen President of the Ohio University in 1839. In 1843, he returned to Cincinnati, and taught in the Woodward High School. In 1845, he was chosen Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Virginia, where he continued until his death, May 4th, 1873. He was author of McGuffey's Electic Readers and Spelling Book, perhaps the most popular and useful books of the kind ever puVdished. At the time of his death he was engaged in preparing for the press a work on Mental Science, but it wasnot left in shape for publication. REV. ALFRED RYORS, D. D. Rev. Alfred Ryors, D.D., was born in Philadeli^hia, June 28, 1812. Being left an orphan at a very early age, he was received into the family and select school of Rev. Robert Steel, D. D., at Abington, Pa. He graduated at Jeflferson College, Pa., in 1835. The next year he Avas tutor in Lafay- ette College, and in May, 1836, he was elected professor of mathematics in the Ohio University. He entered upon the duties of his professorship the next autumn, and remained till 1844. In that year he was called to the same chair in Indiana State University. In 1848 he was elected president of the Ohio University, and filled the office for four years. 16 In 1852 he resigned, and the following year became presi- /lent of Indiana University. At the end of a year he ac- cepted the chair of mathematics in Center College, Ky., where he remained till the time of his death, May 8th, 1858. REV. SOLOMON HOWARD, D. D., LL. D., was born in Cincinnati, November 11, 1811. At 22 he grad- uated at Augusta College, Kentucky. He was elected to a professorship in St. Charles College, Mo. He entered the Ohio Conference of the M. E. Church in 1835; was elected principal of the preparatory department of the Ohio AVes- leyan University in 1843, and principal of Springfield High School in 1845. On leaving this position he became presi- dent of Springfield Female College ; and in 1852 was elected president of the Ohio University. He retained this office till 1872, when, on account of ill-health, he resigned. He died at San Jose, Cal., June 9, 1873. THE PROFESSORSHIPS Have been filled as follows : The Chair of Mental and Moral Science by Rev. Jacob Lindley, A. M., 1822-4, and since that time by the successive Presidents. The Chair of Ancient Languages by Joseph Dana, A. M., 1818-19 and 1822-35 ; Rev. John B. Whittlesey, A. M., 1819-21; Daniel Read, A. M., 1836-38, (Latin and Political Economy), 1838-43; Rev. Elisha Ballentine, A.M., (Greek), 1838-40; Rev. John M. Stephenson, A.M., (Greek), 1840-42; James L Kuhn, A. M., (Greek), 1842-44; Rev. Aaron Williams, D. D., 1844-53; Rev. Addison Ballard, A.M., (Latin), 1848-52; Rev. E. E. E. Bragdon, A.M., 1853-54; Rev. Clinton W. Sears, A. M., 1854-55; Rev. John M. Leavitt, A. M., 1855-57; Rev. Robert AUyn, A.M., 1857-59; Wm. H. Young, A.M., 1859-69; Rev. Wm. H. Scott, A. M., (Greek), 1869-72; Rev. A. C. Hirst, A. M., (Latin), 1869-70; Rev. John L. Hatfield, A. M,, (Latin), 1870-72 ; (Latin and Greek), 1872 to the present. The Chair of Mathematics by Rev. Jamos Irvine, A. M., 1821-24; Rev. Jacob Lindley, A. M., 1824-26; Wm. Wall, A. M., 1827-36 ; Rev. Alfred Ryors, A. M., 1836-44 ; Rev. L. D. McCabe, A. M., 1844-45; Rev. Wm. J. Hoge, A. M., (Mathematics and Rhetoric), 1848-51 : Rev. Addison Bal- lard, 1852-54; Rev. John M. Leavitt, A. M., 1851-55; Wm. H. Young, A. M., 1855-59; Eli T. Tappan, A. M., 1859-60; Rev, R. A. Arthur, A. M., 1861-64 ; Eli T. Tappan, A. M., 1864-68 ; W. H. G. Adney, A. M., 1869-72; Rev. Daniel M. Blair, A. M., (pro tern.) 1872-73; Russell S. Devol, A. M., 1873 to the present. The Chair of Natural Sciences by Rev. Samuel D. Hoge, A. M., 1823-26; Thomas M. Drake, M. D., 1827-34; Rev. Fredarick M9rrick, A. M., 183^-42; Wm. W. Mather, A. M., 1842-50; Rev. Joseph S. Toralinson, D. D., 1851-52; Rev. James G. Blair, M. D., D D., 1852-64; Rev. Alex. S. Gibbons, A. M., 1864-72; W. H. G. Adney, A. M,, 1872-73; J. McC. Martin, A. M., 1873 to the present. The Chair of History and English Literature by Rev. Randolph Stone, A. M., 1838-39, and by Rev. Wells Andrews, A. M., 1840-42. The present faculty consists of William H. Scott, A. M., president, and professor of mental and in moral science ; Rev. John L. Hatfield, A. M., professor of Greek and Latin languages; J. McC. Martin, A. M., professor of natural science ; Russell S. Devol, A. M., professor of mathematics ; and Rev. John A. White, A. B., principal of the preparatory department. COURSES OF* STUDY. Two courses of study are laid down — the classical and tlic scientific. The requirements for admission to the classical course are, — arithmetic, algebra to complete quadratics; phy- sical and political geography; history of the United States and of England; English grammar; Harkness's Latin grammar and reader, Ceasar, Sallust, Virgil's Bucolics, Latin prose composition; Hadley's Greek grammar and 2 IS Boise's First Lessons, Anabasis, liiad and Greek prf^e com- position. The requirements for admission to the scientific course are the same, except that no algebra or Greek is required, and but one year of Latin. COURSES OF STUDY. I. CLASSICAL. FRESHMAN. First Term.- — Algebra, Virgil's ^-Eneid, Xenophon's Cyro- pffidia, Latin and Greek Prose Composition. Second Term. — Plane Geometry, Cicero's Orations, Herodo- tus, Latin and Greek Prose Composition, History of Greece. Third Term. — Solid Geometry and Logarithms, Horace's Odes, Xenophon's Menwrabilia, Latin Prose Composition, History of Greece. SOPHOiMORE. First Term. — Plane Trigonometry and Surveying, Livy, Plato, History of Rome, Physiology. Second, Term. — Spherical Trigo-nometry and Navigation, Cicero de Oratore, Plato, History of Rome, Zoology. Third Term. — Analytical Geometry, Horace's Epistles, Demosthenes de Corona, Botany. JUNIOR. First Term. — Chemistry, Rhetoric, English Literature. Elective : Calculus, Germania and Agricola, German. Second Term. — Chemistrj^ Physics, Psychology. Elective : Thucvdides, German, 19 IVimi Tez-m.— Physics, Mineralogy, Psychology. Elective: Tacitus' Histoiy, German. SENIOR. First Term. — Astronomy, Geology, Moral Science, Logic. Second Term. — Astronomy, Political Economy, Interna- tional Law, Butler's Analog}-. Third Term. — A Greek Tragedy or a Latin Comedy, History of Philosophy, History of Civilization, Constitution of the United States. II. SCIENTIFIC. FRESHMAX. First Term. — Algebra, CUesar, Physiology. Second Term. — Algebra, Sallust, Zoology. Third Term. — Algebra, Virgil's Bucolics, Botany. SOPHOMORE. First Term. — Algebra, Virgil's .^neid, Latin Prose Compo- sition, Chemistry, English Literature. Second Term. — Plane Geometry, Cicero's Orations, Latin Prose Composition, Chemistry. Third Term. — Solid Geometry, Horace's Odes, Latin Prose Composition, Mineralogy. JITNIOR. First Term. — Plane Trigonometry and Surveying, Livy, Rhetoric. Elective: Germania and Agricola, German. Second Term. — Spherical Trigonometry and Navigation, Physics, Psychology. Elective: Cicero de Oratore, German. Third Term. — Analytical Geometry, Physics, Ps^'chology. Elect i c r. : Tacitus' History, German. 20 SENIOR. First Term. — Astronomy, Geology, Moral Science, Logic. Second Term. — Astronomy, Political Economy, Interna- tional Law, Butler's Analogy. Third Term. — Horace's Epistles, History of Philosophy, History of Civilization, Constitution of the United States. DEGREES. The degree of Bachelor of Arts is conferred on those Avho finish the entire classical course, and pass satisfactory ex- aminations. The degree of Master of Arts is conferred, on the payment of the usual fee, upon every Bachelor of Art-j of three years' standing, who has sustained a good moral character and has pursued professional or scientific studie.-' during that period. The degree of Bachelor of Science is conferred on those who complete the scientific course. The degree of Master ol Science is conferred on Bachelors of Science under the same conditions prescribed for the degree of Master of Arts. The whole number of degrees conferred has been — 1. In Course: Bachelors of Science 43 " Arts 255 Masters " " 215 2. Honorary : Bachelors of Arts 6 Masters " " 42 Doctors of Divinity 15 " " Laws 4 67 ALUM N I. The University, her age being considered, does not boast a long list of graduates; but of their character she may justly be proud. They are to be found among the able, self-ieliant, successful men in every department of society. Tlie fol- lowing is a complete catalogue : 1815. Thomas Ewing, John Hunter. 1816. Giles Samuel Booth Hempstead, Solomon Stoddard Miles, Jacob Parker. 1819. Henry Perkins. 1826. Hiram K. Howe, Levi Keyes, Lutellus Lindley, Ezra Walker. 1827. Jonathan Cable, Edmund W. Sehon, William Kice Putnam. 1820. John Hunt. 1822. Archibald Green Brown, Joseph Dana, Lucius Verus Bierce. 1823. John McDonald, Franklin Putnam, William P. Skinner. 3828. Richard E. Adams, Elisha Ballentine, John Marshall Creed, James McElhenny, George Rebkr, Alexander W. McCoy. James Richmond Stanberry, John Wise Taylor, Joseph M. Trimble, John Newton Templeton. 182-i. John T. Brazee, Samuel McFarland Browning, Samuel I). King, Daniel Lindley, Samuel Westcoat Rose, Daniel V. McLean, Daniel Read. 1825. Samuel Bigger, Calvin Xoyce Rans'im, George William Summers, George Washington Warner. 1829. AViLLiAM McKendree Bangs, Henry B.^llentine, Oscar Walker Brown, Homer J. Clark, Charles C Con vers, .Tames Dunlap, Charles C. Hildreth, George O. Hilhreth, Isaac Hoge, Nathaniui, Clark Read, WlLLL^lM SCOTX. 1830. Charles Pitt Brown, George Washington Kelley, Amos Miller, Charles Matthews, Samuel Prince Robbins, Charles T. Sherman, John Steel, Samuel Wilson. James C. Maccracken, Alexander McPherson, e;liphaz Perkins Pratt, Nathan B. Purinton, Richard Griffith. 1838. Moses Andrew Hoge. 1S31. Thomas Creigh, James Culbertson, David G. Devore, John M. Howe, Joseph Taylor Irwin, William McCoy, Paradise Lynn McAboy, John R. Osborne, Lawson Wilson, John M. Wilson, Dudley Woodbridge, John W. Wright, William Pitt Creed. 1832. Lewis A. Alderson, Joseph W. Patten, Elias Van Deman, Jonathan Perkins Weethee. 1833. Ebenezer Buckingham, Kbenezer Granville Currier, WILL;A^^ Dana Emerson, Leland R. McAboy, Andrew Parkes, William Reber, Chakles Sloane Skinner, Carky a. Irimbi.e. 1834. Addison Coffee, Andrew H. Caldwell, George Washington Moore, Amasa Read, Lafayette W. Wilson, William McElhenny'. 1836. Edgar Thomas Brown, I'HILANDER LaTHROP CaBLE, Isaac Newton Taylor, (.'UAUNCEY Perkins Taylor. 1839. William Wallace Bierce, John E. Anderson, G. W. a. Clough, E. F. Chester. 1840. James H. Couch, John James Hoge, Ira Marsh, James D. Miller, Thomas G. Mitchell, David H. Putney, John Wilson, Lumen N. Allen. 1841. Joseph T. Lewis. 1842. James Duckett Johnson, John Henry Pratt, Henry Willam Taylor, Solomon W. Shepherd. 1843. John Milton Bush, John Calhoun Culbertson, Robert Harvey Gilmore, David Convers Goddard, William James Hoge, John Blair Hoge, Lorenzo Dow McCabe, Ale.xander L. Oliver, David P. Ruckman, Jefferson Price Safford. 1844. John M. Christian, RoBEKT Wilson Pratt, James iMerrill Safford, Robert Woodrow, James A. istirratt. 23 1845. Benjamin Doddridge Blackstone, Aakon Hull A. L. S. Bateman, Don Carlos Culley, IlOBEKT Stewart Fullekton, James H. Uev. 1850. Archibald Douglas Brown, De Witt Clinton Loudon. 1851. William Whitney B^llard^ Hugh James Campbell. 1852. Hugh W. Guthrie, Francis Hebron Williams. 1853. John Anderson, Joseph Carter Cohbin, Samuel Fred Dunlap, Erastus Alexander Guthrie, Henry Force Miller, Oliver Perry Shiras, Charles Manning Walker^ William Henry Young. 1S54. Edtvard L. Johnson, Edward W. Mullikin, Thomas Ogden Osborne. I&o5. James K. Black, Elijah C. Dimmit, Turner M. Marquart, (B. S ),. Samuel Wurts Kins, (B. S.), 1856. '{"EiKLET BySSHE DavIS, Edward Harvey Guthrie, Jacob Kreider Mower, Thomas Carleton, (B. S.), 1857. Newton Isaac Behan, Uly'sses Wesley Flesheb, Adam Clarke Dyas, Elias Millen Stanbery, Stephen Megeth Beard, (B. S), John Galloway McGuffey, (B. S.>, Evan Franklin Bane.s, (B. S.). 1858. Francis D. Carley, Samuel A. Kistler, kobert h. mcgonagle, James W. Murphy, John N. Pilcher, B. B. Sheffield, Wm. L. Hindman, (B. S.). 18.59. Hugh Boyd, Alban Davies, James H. Gardner, J. M. Goodspeed, FiNDLEY B. HaNNA, Wm. R. Smith, (B. S.), Charles S. Smart, (B. S.), 1860, W. H. G. Adney, Harrison Gilliland, David H. Moore, Spicer H. Patrick, Jasper A. Smith, (B. S.), 1861. Earl Cranston, James E. Lapsley*, Charles W. Stewart, Edmund Sheffield, J. J. K. Warren, Barkley- Cooper, (B. S.), Wm. W. Cooper, (B. S.), Leonidas M. Jewett, (B. S.), Benjamin F. Miesse, (B. S.), Charles Townsend, (B. S,), Hugh Townsend, (B. S.). 1802. George E. B^^aib, Jefferson Booth, iJOBERT K. Brown, Franklin B. Buchwalter, Jefferson B. Clay'ton, John L. Hatfield, Hiram C. Martin, Wm. H. Scott, Lucius C. Wright. 1863. Daniel M. Blair, John H. Bawden, Charles H. Collier, Daniel W. Cornell, Silas Pkuden, 24 J. Albert Rich, John W. ShoWaltee, Anthony H. Windsor. 1864. Charles W. Clippenger, John K. Scott, Homer Wright, Austin W. Vorhes, John A. Hunter, (B. S.), Morris H Miesse, (B. S.). I860. Henry T. Atkinson, Wm. W. Deverell, Wesley Otis Young. 1866. Wm Fletcher Boyd, Joseph F. Lukens, Wm. C. Oliphant, Charles S. Smart, George R. Stanley, Wm. T. Patterson, (B. S.), Julius S. Smith, (B. S.). 1SG7. George W. Boyce, John P. Dana, Cyrus 0. French, Anselm T. Holcomb, Cjkuger W. Smith. 1868. David W. DeLay, Alex. C. Gibson, Benjamin N. Sanders, Thomas G. Wakefield, Robert W. Erwin, (B. S.), Thomas J. Harrison, (B. S.). 18G0. John W. Dowd, Wm. S. Eversolb, Richard A. Hoffman, Thomas L. Hughes, John B. Lash, Edson B. Miesse, Wm. H. Minnich, Archelaus a. Stanley, Augustin Boice, (B. S.), H. M. Lash, (B. S.), John L. McMaster, (B. S.), Wesley A. Smith, (B. S.). 1870. Wm. B. Carpenter, Charles F. Ckeighton, Russell S. Devol, David P. Guthkie, Thomas J. Harrison, Wm. H. Hall, Francis B. Horvbrook, Thomas C. Iliff, John C. Jackson, George E. Wells, Philip Zenner, John T. Duff, (B. S), George G. Parker, (B. S.). 1S71. Henry W. Coultrap, David J. Evans, Wm. D. Lash, Albert J. Michael, John W. Rutnedge, Thomas Blackstone, (B. S.). 1872. Wm. W. Gist, Clemekt R. Long, Philip S. Goodwin, (B. S.), Vernon C. Stiers, (B. S.), George R. Walker, (B. S.). 1873. Margaret Boyd, John M. Davis, Charles H. Dixon, Ripley H. Kinnison, Moses J. Mohgan, Frank O. Ballard, (B. S.). 1874. Charles A. Atkinson, Eugene B. Jewett, John A. White, David C. Casto, (B. S ), John W. Maguire, (B. S.). 1875. Hermann F. Acker, Wm. Baumann, Fletcher S. Coultrap, Eber C. de Steiguer, Wm. S. Hudson, JosiAH W. Lash, George W. Martin, Calvin S. Welch. 25 S UNDERGEADUATES. Freshmen. Sophomores. Juniors Seniors. -a C3 1 Year. 3 ■3 k. CS n rt !rt w ^^ '^ o s S .a a .rt cs 1870 61 6 8 6 •) 5 4 11 2 IS ls71 67 9 11 6 10 5 1 ft ]h72 54 21 9 6 3 8 •> 9 4 1K73 56 15 ;> 8 2 4 :>: 6 1 7 1K74 68 11 •> 5 1 10 2 3 2 1875 62 11 9 8 3 7 8 9 8 1876 54 6 6 10 3 6 8 7 26 EXPENSES. The term fees are : Tuition, $10.00 ; room rent, $3.00 or $4.00; and contingent fee, $3.00. In the preparatory department the charge for tuition is $6.00. The other fees in this department are the same as in the college classes. One student from each county of the State is admitted free of charge for tuition. Any one desiring to have the benefit of a county scholarship must receive his appoint- ment to it from the Auditor and Commissioners of the county, and obtain from them a certificate stating that he is of good moral character and an actual resident of the county from which he is sent. RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE. The University is not sectarian, and no effort is made to inculcate the doctrines of any particular creed or denomina- tion ; but care is taken to promote sound and healthy relig- ious sentiments. Students are required to be preset at prayers in the chapel every morning ; and a lecture is de- livered in the chapel every Sabbath afternoon, at which attendance is also required. PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT. The preparatory department was organized in 1822, at the same time with the various collegiate departments. The successive principals have been: Henry D. Ward, A M., 1822-21; A. G. Brown, A. M., '24-25: Daniel Read, A. B., '25-36; Wells Andrews, A. M., '37-40; Rev. Amos Miller, A. M.. '44-45; Rev. Aaron AVilliams, A. M., '45-47; Rev. O. M. Spencer, A. M., '51-52 ; Rev. James F. Given, A. M., '52-54 ; W. H. Young, A. B., '54-55 ; Francis Brown, A. M., '55-59 ; Hugli Boyd, A. B., Tutor in Mathematics, '59-60 ; Edward H. Guthrie, A. M., Tutor in Languages, ,59-60 ; E. H. Guth- rie, Principal, '60-64; Wm. H Scott, A. B., '64-65; W. H. G. 27 Aduey, A. M., '65-69; Rav. John M. Davis, A. B., '73-74; Rev. John A. White, A. B., '74-76. The studies prescribed are those enumerated above as re- quired for admission to tlie college classes. While this department is specially designed to prepare students for the regular courses of the College department, students are also received who may wish to pursue elementr ary studies, even though th(;y may have no intention of entering upon one of the higher courses. Candidates for admission must furnish satisfactory evi- dence of good character, and must pass an examination in arithmetic to percentage, English grammar to syntax, geogiaphy, and all studies of the course lower than those which they wish to pursue. LIBRARIES. The college library contains between 4000 and 5000 vol- umes. In the first years of its history it received many val- uable books by donation. One donation, made by General Putnam and a royal donation from England were of special importance. The latter, received in 1834, was estimated at £200., and included complete editions of standard authors in classical, historical, scientific and theological literature, amounting in all to more than 70 volumes. The institution has no library fund, and therefore the growth -of the library is neither rapid nor uniform ; yet a few good books are placed in it every year. The libraries of the literary societies contain about 2500 volumes, and are receiving considerable additions. APPARATUS AND CABINET. The department of natural science possesses apparatus estimated at SI, 000, and collections in botany, zoology, min- eralogy, and geology estiinatwl at al>out $2/000. 28 SOCIETIES. There are two literary societies connected with the Uni- versity — the Athenian founded in 1819 and the Philoma- thean founded in 1822. The former has had a total mem- bership of 1S12, and the latter of 1273. The Athenian library contains nearly 1200 volumes, the Philomathean nearly 1400. PROSPECTS. Earnest efforts are now being made to increase the endow- ment of the institution, and there is ground for hope that its future will be worthy of its origin and early history. HISTORICAL SKETCH DELAWARE. OHIO. In a short period after the organization of this iustitiition,- the Board of Trustees with a wise fore-thought requested its President, Dr. R. Hills, to prepare for permanent record, a sketch of the incipient measures resulting in its organization. From this very interesting record, found in the first volume of proceedings of the Board, the following condensation and extracts are made. "The rapid progress in the growth of the 0. \\ . Univer- sity, and consequent influx of a population, often of entire- families, for educational purposes, and the desire of others from al)road to have their sons^and daughters associated as nearly as may be, in their educational efforts, made it very^ desirable that, with an institution for young men, there should 1)6 one for young women. ": The first movement to supply this want was an i^dividua^ effort, made by Rev. Wm. Grissell, who, with his wife and a corps of assistants, occupied an old frame building on Hill st.. This school opened in September, 1850, with fine pros- pects, the i)U]iils soon numbering more than one hundred. At the end of the second year the idea of a college for young women, with an elegant and suitable location, began to take hold of public opinion. Meetings were called, educational matters discussed, and various plans suggested ; the result of which was tiie purchase, through the agency of Dr. R. Hills, of a lot containing seven acres, whereon the present building now stands. In March 1853, the necessary steps were taken to have the college incorporated under the statute laws of Ohio. The certificate of incorporation was presented for record April 1st. The incorpoi-ators were R. Hills, W. L. Harris, J. C. Evans, W. G. Williams, A. A. Welch, and fifteen others. The Articles of Association were reported April 1st, 185^, having been signed by the majority of the incorporators. From the Articles of Association we quote : AiiT. IsT. The institution shall be called tlie Ohio Wes- ieyan Female College, and shall be located in the town of Delaware, county of Delaware, State of Ohio. Art. 2i>. Tlic college shall be conducted on tlie most liberal principles, accessible to all religious denominations, and open for the education of young women in general ; but shall ever be under the supervision of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Ohio. Art 9th. If the Conference or Conferences patronizing the Ohio Wesleyan University located in Delaware, Ohio, shall at any future time recommend the union of the two institutions so far as can leg/?lly be effected, then the Trustees of this college, on their part, shall proceed to take such steps as may be legal and necessary to accomplish this object. Prof. W. G. Williams was appointed to devise a seal for the use of the college. For immediate use, it was resolved that the eagle side of a half dollar piece. United States coin, be the seal of the college until further order of the Board. Prof. Williams subsequently reported a circular design with the legend "Ohio Wesleyan Female College, 1S53," around the margin, and within the margin the motto '"E0CLf:si.K ET Famili.e," meaning "For the Church and the Family," and within the renter an open book with the inscrip- tion " Holy Bible," with illuminating rays from the Bible. This was adopted and ordered to be engraved. On June 6th, 185.'>, a committee of five members was ap- pointed to attend the next session of the North Ohio Confer- ence to be held in Mt. Vernon, O., on the 24th of August, fol- lowing, to proffer to the Conference, the property of the said O. W. Female College, on the terms set forth in the Articles of Association of said college, and the by-laws of the Board. Dr. K. Hills, J. C. Evans, Wm. G. Williams, A. A. Welch, and Thos. F. Joy were appointed. This committee attended to the duty as assigned to it, and on August 26th, fSo-'i, the North Ohio Conference with great unanimity adopted the following : " Itemlved, That the })roposition of the Trustees of the Ohio W^esleyan Female College to give the ownershij). and control of that institution to this Conference, be, and is hereby accepted." From that day to the present its course has been pro- gressive, until it is now found under the control and patrou- ege of all the M. E. Conferences of the State of Ohio except the Cincinnati Conference." The curriculum embraces three courses of study — the Sci- entific, the Classical, and the Baccalaureate. The Scientific includes only the English branches; the Classical, English and Latin with either German or French ; the Baccalaureate, English, Latin, Greek, German and French. The course in music, both Instrumental and Vocal, is com- plete. It aims at the highest standard of classical culture, and pursues the methods sanctioned by the best musical authorities of Europe and America. The course in Painting, Drawing, etc., is not inferior to that of other .similar Institutions. The Studio is furnished with sky-light, casts, models, and other proper appliances,, and is under the charge of a thoroughly acccomplished artist. In the first Faculty are the names of Oran Faville, A. M.,, President, (deceased), William Smith, A, B., (now President Smith, of Xenia College, Ohio,) R. Hills, M. D., Lecturer on Physiology and Hygiene, and T. C. O'Kane, A. M., (now author of several Sabbath School Song Books, and composer of many of our best Sabbath School Songs). The second President was Rev. James Dean. The third President of the college, resigning before the end of his first year on account of ill health, was Rev. Charles D. Burritt, A. M. He was succeeded by Rev. P. S. Donelson, A. M., who occupied the position for seventeen years. President Donelson was succeeded in 15 ^ i >...• Years. S o § s a ^ ^i ^ i 2 1 2 1 14 4^ 3 3 II 1844-5 00 18 92 110 6 1845-6 1 . 1 10 15 27 135 162 4 2 6 1846-7 2 8 9 12 31 140 171 4 3 7 1847-8 9 - 7 8 16 40 154 194 5 1 6 1848-9 9 4 9 19 41 139 180 5 1 6 1849-50 6 5 13 14 38 219 257 5 2 7 1850-1 5 11 12 18 46 460 506 4 5 9 1851-2 8 11 16 17 52 542 592 4 6 10 1852-3 12 9 10 27 58 472 530 5 4 9 1853-4 6 12 16 24 58 536 594 5 3 8 1854-5 12 9 18 67 106 405 511 5 3 8 1855-6 10 14 37 47 108 433 541 5 4 9 1856-7 12 25 41 42 120 406 526 5 o 8 1857-8 24 27 42 50 143 343 486 5 3 8 1858-9 25 32 44 46 147 396 543 5 3 8 1859-60 21 25 36 57 139 320 459 5 3 8 1860-1 26 23 55 53 157 266 423 4 4 8 1861-2 17 26 33 42 118 189 307 5 4 9 1862-3 18 25 20 31 94 185 279 5 o 7 1863-4 24 18 31 41 144 246 360 5 2 7 1864-5 14 27 33 45 119 291 410 7 1 8 1865-6 22 28 38 67 157 395 551 8 1 9 1866-7 26 36 39 85 186 311 497 8 2 10 1867-8 37 33 77 82 229 209 438 8 2 10 1868-9 25 43 63 79 210 183 393 8 2 10 1869-70 39 47 63 88 237 190 417 8 1 9 1870-1 44 41 59 88 232 193 415 8 2 10 1871-2 44 48 45 57 194 225 419 . 9 2 11 1872-3 47 42 39 46 200 217 417 8 3 11 1873-4 36 32 36 47 151 223 374 8 3 11 1874-5 27 38 33 44 142 244 336 8 2 10 From these figures it appears that the largest catalogued Senior class was in 1 872-3, to-wit: 47. The smallest was in 1845-6, namely: one; unless we count the proceeding year, when it was at zero. The largest number in the four college classes was in 1869-70, namely, 237. The largest total number catalogued was 594, in 1853-4. The consider- able decrease after 1861 was, evidently, owing to our civil war. The total number of graduates is six hundred and twenty- five. Of these one hundred and seventy have become cler- gymen; one hundred and forty -two, lawyers; and sixty, physicians. Over fifty have held positions as presidents or professors in colleges; and a much larger number have taught in other schools. And many of the others hold high posts of influence and trust. Besides those who have grad- uated, the University has had a principal share in educating a large number of others. A chief trait of the University's influence upon its stu- dents, has been in respect to religion. Nearly every year of its history it has been visited with extensive revival influ- ences. Few'students pass through the course without be- coming church members. The proportion of religious students in each class uniformly increases the longer the class is in the College. More than once large classes have graduated in which every member was a church member. In every class, for thirty years past, the majority have been members of churches. In a very large proportion of cases their conversion took place while in the Institution. More than one-fourth of the graduates have become preachers; and about twice as many of those who studied in the College without graduating, have also entered the ministry. lu the four patron Conferenoes (in Ohio) there are eighty-one graduates, and over seventy others who have been students of the College. The degrees conferred by the Institution are not limited by the Charter. Thus far only the following have been con- ferred: A. B., A. M., D. D., and LL. D. The students keep in a flourishing condition three Liter- ary Societies and a Missionary Lyceum. For these the Col- lege furnishes commodious halls. The Lyceum possesses a pretty complete Pantheon of idols, and other religious sym- bols from heathen lands. A number of secret fraternities exist. The Museum of Natural History is constantly receiving valuable additions. The Prescott Cabinet is devoted to the General Depart- ment of Natural History. The basis of this collection was purchased from Dr. Prescott, of Concord, New Hampshire, in 1850; since which time constant and valuable additions have been made. The Zoological Department now contains fifty species of quadrumana and quadrupeds; over sixty preparations in comparative and human anatomy; two hundred and thirty specimens of birds, representing nearly two hundred distinct species ; one hundred and two specimens of reptiles, and one hundred specimens of fishes; five hundred crabs and lobsters, in articulates; and fifty -three species of corals, and eight hundred star fishes, in radiates. The Section in Conchology consists of more than eight thousand shells, embracing six hundred land shells, one thousand fluviatile, and over six thousand marine shells. Among the latter are included five hundred and sixty spe- cies of marine shells, deposited by the Smithsonian Institute. The Miner cdogical Department contains four thousand two hundred distinct entries, arranged in the natural order illus- trated in Dana's System of Mineralogy. This Cabinet also contains two hundred and sixteen spe- cies of woods, and two hundred and fifty-nine species of grasses, all native to the State of Ohio. These are the con- tribution of the Rev. Charles H. Warren, A. M., of the Ohio Conference, by whom they were collected and labelled. Fifty species of moss, collected and presented by Rev. Her- man Herzer, of Louisville, Kentucky. The department of Chemistry is well developed. In the first and second terms of the Sophomore Year of the Classical Course and the Freshman Year of the Scientific Course, there is a daily exercise in General Chemistry, con- sisting of lectures, with ex})eriments and recitations. During the second and third terms, instruction is given to the Scien- tific Sophomores in Qualitative Analysis; and in the third term, in Determinative and Descriptive Mineralogy. At any time, students, who are qualified, can enter the Analytical Laboratory, where they are furnished with the necessary apparatus and chemicals for completing a course in Qualitative and in Quantitative Analysis. Each student here performs his operations and makes his investigations, under the immediate supervision of the Professor of Chem- istry. Besides the general courses in Qualitative and Quantita- tive Analysis, courses have been arranged for the analysis of urines, and of the more common poisons. The Course of Urinalysis occupies two weeks, and that of Toxicology about six weeks. The Course of Determinative Mineralogy con- sists of one hundred minerals, to be determined by blow-pipe analysis. A chemical library, belonging in part to the Pro- fessor of Chemistry, and in part to the Analytical Labora- tory, is opened for the constant use of the student. Chemi- cals and apparatus are furnished at the usual retail prices, which constitutes all the charge made. Special attention is given to German and French. During the Sophomore and Junior years either of these languages may be elected in place of certain other studies. More than two-thirds of all who graduate take one or both of these languages. Special effort is made to render the knowledge of these languages living and practical. As the student advances he is trained not merely in translating the printed language, but also in understanding it when spoken, and in speaking it himself. The cost of tuition is nominally $30 per year, but nearly all the students attend upon scholarships. Scholarships, admitting the student to all the studies required for gradua- tion, can be purchased at the University, at prices as follows : Perpetual scholarships, $500 ; twenty years, |100; ten years, $50 ; six years, $30 ; four years, $20 ; two years, $15. An extra charge of $3 per term is made for German and French. Boarding in private families costs from $3.50 to $4 per week. Many students board in clubs, at an average price of $2.50 per week. In private families, furnished rooms cost $1 per week. The Institution has been largely indebted to its successive Presidents. A source of their influence has been their Sunday afternoon lectures. These were begun by Rev. F. Merrick in 1854. They were kept up until 1873, when they were temporarily suspended during the fitting up of the Chapel. It was by these that Dr. Thomson obtained his wide reputation and exerted his chief moulding influence. The Faculty has not greatly changed during the thirty- two years of the University's existence. The first President of the O. W. University was Rev. E. Thomson, M. D. Mr. Thomson was a native of England, but his education was American. The home of his youth was Wooster, Ohio. He attended college awhile at Cannons- burgh, Penn., and then graduated in medicine at Philadel- phia. In 1832 he entered the ministry in the North Ohio conference of the M. E. Church. In 1838 he was elected President of Norwalk Seminary, and filled the place five years. Then he was called to edit the Ladies' Repository, Cincinnati. In 1846 he became President of the O. W. University, filling the place with great success for fourteen years. In 1860 he was called to edit the Christian Advo- cate, in New York. After four years of editorship he was elected one of the Bishops of the M. E. Church, in 1864. He was honored with the degree of D. D. by the Indiana Asbury University, and with that of LL. D. by the Wes- leyan University, Connecticut. He died in Wheeling, Va., March, 1870. Bishop Thomson's v/ritings have had a wide sale. They embrace : Essays, Sketches, Letters Irom Europe, Our Ori- ental Missions, and Evidences of Revealed Religion. (Cin- cinnati and New York.) The second member of the first Faculty was Rev. H. M Johnson, A. M. He was a graduate of the Wesleyan Uni- versit •, Connecticut. His chair was that of Ancient Lan- guages. Dr. Johnson accepted a professorship in Dickinson College in 1850, of which he was afterwards President. Next in order stands S. Howard, A. M., who was Profes- sor of Mathematics in the year 1844-5. Dr. Howard was subsequently for many years President of the Ohio Univer- sity at Athens. In the catalogue of 1845-6 appears for the first time the name of Rev. F. Merrick, A. M. Mr. Merrick had studied in the Wesleyan University, Connecticut. In 1836 he was elected Principal of the Amenia Seminary, 'N. Y. From 1838 to 1842 he was Professor of Natural Science in the Ohio University. During the year 1842 he preached at Marietta, Ohio. The years 1843-44 he was financial agent of the O. W. University. From 1845 to 1851 he held in the University the chair of Natural Science; and from 1851 to 1860 that of Moral Science. On the resignation of Dr. Thomson in 1860 he was elected President, and held the post until 1873, since which time he has sustained to the College the relation of Lecturer on Natural and Revealed Religion. President Merrick has persisted in declining any higher clegree than A.M. At the same time with Mr. Merrick came into the Faculty Rev. L. D. McCabe. Mr. McCabe graduated at the Ohio University in 1843, under the Presidency of Dr. W. H. McGuffy. In 1844 he was elected Professor of Mathematics and Mechanical Philosophy in the Ohio University. In 1845 he was called to the same chair in the O. W. LTniver- sity, and occupied the same until 1860, when he was trans- ferred to the chair of Moral Science and Biblical Literature. In 1864 a new professorship — that of Philosophy — was established, and to this he was invited. In 1855 he received the degree of D. D. from Allegheny College, and in 1874, that of LL. D. from Syracuse University. For the past few years he has served as Acting President. Dr. McCabe is the author of a work entitled Light on the Pathway of Holmes.^. (New York, 1874.) In 1847 appears the name of W. G. Williams as Adjunct Profsssor of Ancient Languages. From 1850-64, he was Professor of Greek and Latin; from 1864 to the present, of Greek alone. For some years past Professor Williams has also taught the classes in Hebrew. He had graduated at Woodward College, and from 1844 had served the College as Principal of the Preparatory Department. In 1856 he became a member of the Central Ohio Conference. He received the degree of LL. D. in 1873. Rev. W. L. Harris became Professor of Natural Science in 1852. He had studied at Norwalk, and joined the North Ohio Conference in 1840. In 1843—4 he was stationed in Delaware, Ohio, after which he served the O. W\ University in the Preparatory Department. His Professorship was for the eight years, 1852-60. The General Conference of 1860 elected him as Assistant Missionary Secretary for the West. In 1872 he became a Bishop. Professor Harris received the degree of D. D. from Alle- gheny College in 1857, and that of I^L. D. from Baldwin University in 1871. Rev. W. D. Godman, our second graduate (1846), held the Mathematical chair from 1860 to 1864, and then that of Theology and Biblical Literature for one year. In 1864 he resigned. After preaching some years he became President of Baldwin University, at Berea, Ohio, and served during the years 1870-5. Dr. Godman is now at the head of the educational interest of the M. E. Church in Louisiana. From 1860 to 1864 Rev. F. S. Hoyt served in the depart, ment of Natural Science; from 1865 to 1872, in that of Theology and Biblical Literature. Professor Hoyt was a graduate of the Wesleyan University, of Connecticut, and had been President of Willamette College, Oregon. In 1872, Dr. Hoyt was elected to edit the Western Christian Advocate. Rev. W. F. Whitlock graduated in the Ohio Wesleyan University in 1859. He had previously held the position of Superintendent of Public Instruction in Delaware, Ohio. From his graduation until 1864 — five years — Mr. Whitlock had served the Institution as Tutor in Languages. In 1864 he joined the Central Ohio Conference; in 1873 he was transferred to the North Ohio. From 1864 to 1866, he was Adjunct Professor of Latin. Since 1866 he has occupied the chair of Latin Language and Literature. Rev. J. P. Lacroix graduated in the Ohio Wesleyan University in 1857. After teaching one year in the public schools of New Orleans, he preached in the Ohio Conference until 1863. In 1863 he became teacher of German and French in the University; in 1864, Adjunct Professor of the same; and in 1866, Professor of Modern Languages and History. During the year 1865, having leave of absence, he studied in Europe. Mr. Lacroix has written a Life of Rudolf 8tiei\ and translated some works from the French and German, among them Naville's Problem of Evil (New York, 1874), and Wuttke's Christian Ethics (Boston and Edinburgh, 1875). Rev. H. M. Perkins, also a graduate of the class of 1857, served the University for five years after graduation as Tutor in Natural Science, having entire charge of that department one year, in the absence of the Professor. In 1865 Mr. Perkins was made Adjunct Professor of Mathe- matics. Since 1867 he had held the Professorshi]) of Mathematics and Astronomy. Professor Semans, another graduate of the class of 1857, served the Institution awhile as Tutor, and then engaged in business in the West. Subsequently he held the position of Professor of Natural Science in the Ohio Wesleyan Fe- male College, Delaware, Ohio. In 1865 Mr. Semans was made Adjunct Professor of Chemistry in the O. W. University, and in 1867, Professor of the same. Professor Semans spent a good part of the year 1870 in study at Harvard. During the years 1875-6 he rendered good service in the temperance cause, by accepting the office of Mayor of Delaware, Ohio. Professor E. T. Nelson graduated in the year 1866. He spent the next three years at Yale College, receiving, in 1869, the degree of Ph. D. During the years 1868—9 he also acted as Assistant to the Professor of Mineralogy in Sheffield Scentific School. In 1869 he was elected Professor of Natural Science in Hanover College, Indiana. In 1871 he was called to the chair of Natural History in the O. W. University. He has received elections to the following Scientific Societies : Connecticut Academy of Science, Indiana Academy of Science, American Association of Science, Tyndall Associa- tion of Science. The Rev. Dr. F. H. Newhall was elected to the Presi- dency in 1873. But owing to affliction, consequent upon excessive literary work, he never entered upon the duties of his office. In the summer of 1875, Rev. Dr. C. H. Payne, then Pastor of Saint Paul's, Cincinnati, was chosen as President. Dr. Payne is an alumnus of the Wesieyan University, Connecti- cut. He has held the pastorate of some of our most import- ant churches, in Brooklyn, Philadelphia, etc. A few years ago he traveled in Europe and the Orient. The University has derived great help from its tutors and assistant teachers. The following is a complete list of those who have successively served the College : W. G. Williams, E. Dial, W. L. Harris, E. C. Merrick, W. D. Godman, T. D. Crow, O. T. Reeves, M. Edgerton, J. F. W. Willey, S. W. Williams, T. C. O'Kane, J. Ogden, H. M. Perkins, W. F. King, W. O. Semans, W. F. Whitlock, T. R. Taylor, P. C. Wilson, J. P. Lacroix, W. H. Cole, A. S. B. Newton, L. Y. Tuttle, C. J. Gardner, J. E. Stubbs, R. Parsons. A BRIEF HISTORY — OF — • »» "The Otterbein University of Ohio, LOCATED AT WESTERVILLE, FRANKLIN CO., OHIO, PREPARED FOR The Centennial Exhibition, at Philadelphia, Pa. 18 7 6. This Institution has been and is now known as '"The Otterbein University of Ohio." It is so called from Philip William Otterbein, the founder of the church under whose auspices the University was first established, and by which it is now controlled. CHARTER. It was chartered in 1849 by the Legislature of Ohio with University privileges. The names of the first Trustees were Lewis Davis, .Jonathan Dresback and William Hanby, of the Scioto Annual Conference of the church of the United Brethren in Christ, and Jacob Barger, Peter Flack and P. HuRLBUT, of the Sandusky Conference of the same church. These and their successors are created a body politic with full powers to sue and be sued: to acquire, hold and convey property : to have and to use a seal : to confer on all those Avhom they may deem worthy all such honors and degrees as are usually conferred by colleges ; and to make and alter from time to time all such by-laws as shall be deemed necessary for the' government of said insti- tion. The charter differs so little from other similar papers that it need not be inserted here. LOCATION. The location is fixed in the charter at Westerville, Ohio. This is a town of about 1200 population. It is twelve miles from Columbus, the Capitol of the State, and on the direct line of CLEVELA>fD, Mt. Vernon & Columbus Railroad. It is three miles east of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railroad. It is the largest town in the county except the Capitol. It is centrally located ; near enough to . a city to have most of its advantages and sufficiently distant to be preserved from its evils. An academy was in operation here called the " Blendon Young Men's Sem- inary" which was offered for sale at a very low price and this became one among other inducements to the church of "The United Brethren in Christ " to establish a college at this point. The college campus comprises about eight acres. The Ladies Boarding Hall with its play-ground occupies about on^ acre. The lands that were in use by the manual labor department have all been disposed of since that plan was abandoned. BUILDINGS. \yhen the site was first purchased there w^ere two build- ings already erected. One was a frame building tw^o stories in height and 26 x44 feet. This was used for cabinet, chapel, recitation rooms, etc. The other was an unfinished brick building and 28 x 6Q feet, three stories in height and used as a boarding hall for young ladies. These afforded sufficient accommodation in the beginning. Soon there was need of a building for young men and in 1854 a hall was built by a friend of the institution Mr. Jacob Saum, of the Miami Valley, and from him it Avas named Saum Hall. It was three stories in height and designed as a dormitory for young men. It was of rectangular form with no pretensions to architectural beauty. As the University grew and pros- pered it was soon found necessary to erect anotlier building which could afford us a larger chapel and more commodious recitation rooms. In 1854 arrangements were made for the erection of a new building and the work was commenced the following spring. The building was never entirely com- pleted. The chapel was occupied and a number of recitation rooms, and rooms for the Literary Societies were put in order. The Trustees were hindered in their plans and for want of means, finished rooms only as they were needed. This building was burned in 1870. A religious meeting was in progress in the chapel on the evening of .January 26 of that year (1870). The congregation had been dismissed and the building was closed up by the janitor who resided in it. About one o'clock a. m. the alarm of fire was given. The citizens awakened from their slumber, rushed out to witness the most extensive conflagration that had ever occurred in the community. The main college building was in flames and the fire was making such rapid progress that all hope of staying its ravages was abandoned. In a few hours the stately edifice w-as reduced to a shapeless ruin. With the exception of some chemical and philosoph- ical apparatus and a few articles of minor importance, the loss was total, including the building with all its furniture; the college library of over 3000 volumes, including a copy of the Slnrdtlc Manuscript presented by the Emperor of Russia; and the finely furnished Halls and the select libraries of the Literary Societies. The loss was estimated at $50,000 fortunately relieved by an insurance of $20,000. Measures were at once set on foot to replace the heavy loss to the institution. The Board of Trustees Avere sum- moned to meet in extra session February 15, 1870. Mean- while public meetings were held in Westerville and this community and Columbus were canvassed for subscriptions to rebuild. When the Trustees met in February, a proposition wa,s presented to reopen the question of location and offer the University to the community in Ohio proposing the greatest inducements in money and friends at the regular meeting in May, 1870. When the propositions were can- vassed the one from the citizens of Westerville seemed the most favorable, although others were valuable, and it was agreed to relocate at this place. Plans for a college building were invited from several airchitects and the one drawn by R. T. Brooks, of Columbus, Ohio, was adopted. The building was advertised for pro- posals and the contract finally let to A. R. Cornell, of Newark, Ohio, for $27,345 and the material of the old building. The new building was to be completed by the 1st of August, 1871. This building is an imposing structure; the extreme length of which is 170 feet and extreme depth 109 feet. It is four stories in height, including the basement. It con- tains a large chapel room, spacious society halls, library and reading room, laboratory and numerous large and con- venient recitation and other rooms amply sufficient for all existing wants. Below will be found cut of present building. A newsjDaper editor who was present Avhen the dedica- tory exercises were expected to occur thus writes: - "The architectural design of the new building is happily conceived and makes a pleasing impression from whatever point of the compass you approach it. The height of the central portion is four stories including that under the mansard roof, and that of the wings three stories. One of the most marked interior improvements of this building over that of the old is in the college chapel. Instead of the former immensely overgrown and unnecessary parallelo- gram in which it was difficult for any but an experienced elocutionist to make himself heard by more than one-half the audience, we have now an auditorium built after the style of the modern theatre with special reference to bringing the largest number of auditors within easy hearing distance of the rostrum. A spacious gallery extending around between the opposite points of the arc adds greatly to the seating capacity of the room; the seats in the gallery being in almost all respects fully as desirable as those on the floor. The seating capacity of the hall is sufficient for from 700 to 800 persons. The room is everywhere adapted to all purposes whether for chapel uses, public worship or com- mencement exercises. The Gothic stj-le of architecture is mainly followed in the design of the building. A large free- stone slab m the central part of the front bears the inscrip- tion "OTTERBEIN UNIVERSITY Founded April 26, 1847." Arrangements had been made for the formal dedication of the new building on August 10, 1871. The commencement exercises which should have occurred sooner were postponed until this time. In the afternoon of this day " Bishop Glossbrenner delivered a thoroughly able and prepared ad- dress, the leading thought of which was the importance of tak- ing the Bible and its teachings as the solid basis of all true intellectual culture. This hour had been set apart as the one at which the dedication of the new chapel should take place. But as all earthly joys are beset with imperfections so the present occasion was to bring to many persons a disap" pointment. There had been rather a prodigious miscalcula- tion as to the ability of the builders to finish the new edifice or even any part of it. Everywhere, on roof, ceiling, floors, casing windows and doors, the laborers were busy plying their tools or waiting for the multitudes to be cleared away 6 to make them room to Avork. It was deemed inappropriate to dedicate formally an edifice in so unfinished a state and that service was postponed to a future period." Some simple dedicatory exercises occurred the following com- mencement. ORIGIN AND CHANGES. A reference has already been made to the origin of the University. It may be valuable to give it in the language of the founders themselves. " The need of education for the benefit of the church of the United Brethren in Christ being deeply felt by many of its ardent supporters and the want of a permanent location in Ohio, Avhere the church and its friends could concentrate their united efforts in establishing a school of learning, to give to the lovers of education an opportunity of securing it, within the influence of the same, when in the course of Providence in the year 1846, the Methodist Episcopal church by their Trustees proffered to transfer by an act of their conference the property which constituted what was called the " Blendon Young Men's Seminary," and to carry into effect the measures which rendered it necessary to dis- pose of said institution, the citizens of Westerville and vicinity at a meeting called for that purpose, agreed and proposed by a large majority to offer said institution to the church of the United Brethren in Christ, with a view to having the institution kept in successful operation for the benefit of those who had liberally contributed to its erection (under the control of the M. E. Church,) which meeting also appointed a committee of two to wait on the Scioto Conference of the Brethren Church then about to meet. By this committee were presented the preamble and resolutions of said meeting, enbracing the situation of the institution and the wish of its supporters. All of which was received by the Scioto Conference in the session at Bethlehem Church in Pickaway county in the month of October, 1846. At this conference a committee of investigation was ordered which reported in favor of a purchase, and Trustees were accordingly appointed. The first regular meeting of the Board of Trustees occurred April 26, 1847. Says Prof. Garst, "If the inquiry be raised Avhy the church was for more than half a century without a college, these among other reasons will he found; the conviction cherished by many of the fathers that it is no part of the work of the Church of Christ to furnish instruction so largely secular as that of a college generally is ; the numerical weakness and scattered condition of the membership of the church during its early history ; the missionar}^ character of the work of the church which so engrossed the leading men in evangelistic labors that they had little time to build colleges ; and finally the fear on the part of some, that such an institution might be perverted to the injury of the Church of Christ. As the church however grew and be- came more firmly established, the demand for a college be- came more imperative." Sa3^s Bishop Glossbrenner, (in his dedicatory address,) " not a few United Brethren in the days of other years were deterred from sending their sons to college, from perhaps a well-grounded apprehension that their religious principles might be endangered. Conscientious United Brethren them, selves they wished their children to be partakers of the same precious faith ; and this many of them esteemed of greater importance than any mere intellectual attain- ments. And there were never wanting examples of religious defection and ensuing profligacy well calculated to awaken their fears. Comparatively few of the sons of United Brethren parents who were educated twenty years ago, are now members of the church. Even those who were regular communicants when they left their homes for the theatre of literary training were in a large majority of instances carried away by the force of surrounding influences and either fell into the ranks of other denominations, or else made ship- wreck of their faith and were thus lost to the church." 8 The history of this institution like that of most of those founded in the earlier settlement of our country, aflbrds an other example of success accomplished under the most ad- verse circumstances. The men who founded the University were men of strong faith. The vast majority of the church were not in sympathy with such a movement ; worse than this many were activel}' hostile to it. They had no money therefore to give to its support. Not only the young people, but the fathers of the church had to be educated to appre- ciate its wants. Says Glossbrenner (1871). "The spirit of education to whatever extent it now exists among us has been mostly created by our literary institu- tions, and the discussions that led to their establishment. When I first became a minister in the church I did not know half a dozen United Brethren graduates. There were several large conferences which did not contain a single minister or layman, who enjoyed the advantages of a col- legiate education." The records of the Trustees in the early days of the Uni- versity show that the managers o^ the institution were not free from perplexity. Time and again they met when debts were pressing them without knowing which way to turn. They adjourned to meet again with the assurance that succor would come, but in what direction or from what source they could not tell. They have a conviction that they are about a divine work, hence they can not let go. In the records of the Executive Committee for 1860, I find the following. '" We recommend further that in order to success we must give ourselves to earnest and fervent prayer. If God does not undertake for us, our best efforts will fail. We have reason to believe that in other days God did give Otterbein Uni- versity favor with the people and will do so ag«in if Ave freely turn our hearts and thoughts to Him." CO-EDUCATION. The men who founded this University had no previous experience in the management of institutions of learning. In admitting ladies into the college on the same terms Avith gentlemen; in permitting them to recite in the same classes, take the same courses of study and receive the same degrees they builded better than they knew. Having boys and girls in their own families they felt as much interest in the success of one as the other. Not being able to build and man separate intitutions, they wiseh' concluded to put both sexes into the same school. After twenty-nine years of successful experience in the co-education of the sexes, we believe that better results are secured in mental and moral culture, better discipline obtained and a more harmonious developement of character produced than in the old way. We are willing to be judged by our fruits. Observation will show that our lady graduates are just as lady-like and scholarly as those graduating at female institutions of like pretensions. While our gentlemen are just as refined and have proved themselves to be as efficient workers in the battle of life as those that have been trained in male colleges. What was adopted of necssity then is a matter of choice with us now. On this point the Faculty and Trustees are a unit. COLORED STUDENTS. The ever-present negro who for years has been the bone of contention, was at one time likely to make us some trouble, but the danger Avas passed. An Anti-slavery church, admitting no slaveholders to her communion, could not in good faith to the world and in keeping with her published creed do anything else than admit colored students to her colleges provided, they presented themselves for ad- mittance. In 1859 some were present ; offence was thereby given to some young men of finer birth and richer blood, who protested. The Ex. Committee after a vigorous dis- cussion of the question finally voted upon the folloAving re- solution, which was lost by a vote of 4 to 2. " Resolved, That it is inexpedient and unwise to admit students of color until the Board of Trustees representing 10 the conferences now co-operating in the building up of this institution, shall have been permitted to pass upon this whole question." At the following meeting of the Board a letter was written by one of these disaffected parties protesting to the Board, but his wants were not redressed. Colored students were admitted. Not many came however as Wilberforce Uni- versity, at Xenia Ohio, w^as opened about this time and they were turned thitherward. MANUAL LABOR. The early fathers had an impression that college training had a tendency to make men indolent; just as some of the old educators thought students did not need much sleep nor very good food, hence a reason why young ladies in our seminaries should be put on half rations. To avoid this danger as well as to lessen the expense of instruction, they believed that a manual labor department should be connected with the University. Provison for this was made in the charter and arrangements were entered into to put it on foot. Could the Trustees have foreseen the distrust, the vexation, the bickerings and final loss which would grow out of this, they would have been slow to adopt such a measure. Perhaps a good idea can be had of the history of this failure from a report made to the Trustees in 1859 from a committee of their own number. This report was most probably written by the editor of the " Telescope," the church paper, and an en- thusiastic advocate of a compulsory labor system and there- fore some allowance must be made for the intensity of his statement. " The Committee on Manual Labor find it impossible to make a satisfactory report without instruction from the Board on one point viz ; does the Board want to adopt and enforce a manual labor system. It is not proper, nay it is not honest in the present condi- tion of things to publish this school as a manual labor school. True, it was chartered with special reference to this 11 interest and the record of its entire history is in favor of it. Tlie act of incorporation saj's that tlie Trustees may pur- chase land, mechanical implements etc., wherewith to con- nect the manual labor system. August 29th, 1849, ten years ago the Trustees '■^Resolved, That the manual labor system be and is hereby attached to this institution and shall be put into operation as soon as possible. June 30th, 1854. ''Resolved, That in view of all the cir- cumstances we think best to adopt immediately an efficient system of manual labor that shall require the same to be performed daily by all in attendance upon the institution." June 19th, 1855. ''Resolved, That one-third of the -syl^ole amount to be raised on the ^40,000 plan be put into the hands of the manual labor agent for the perfecting of the manual labor system." In 1856 it was ordered by the Board that the time of students be strictly systematized and the hours of labor be faithfully observed by all who are able to labor. June 1857, in consideration of an earnest demand of many friends, especially in the Miami Valley, pending the sale of scholarships notes, the Ex-Committee resolved, "that in their opinion one professorship of the endowment fund be directed to the interest of the manual labor department." The Board at its next meeting confirmed this act of the committee. With this record running through ten years, no one un- acquainted with the facts could expect to find things as they are. But it is a fact that nothing like a manual labor system is enforced. The resolutions of the Board have not been respected. It is therefore inportant that the Board at this meeting adopt efficient measures in relation to this in- terest and in the opinion of this Committee, the Board should pass the following resolutions. Resolved, That the resolution of 1855 devoting one-third of the money raised, on the $40,000 plan be, enforced. Resolved, That $10,000 of the endoAvment fund, agreeably to the pledge of 1857, be devoted exclusively to the manual labor interest. 12 R'.solved^ That the Committee be instructed to bring in a report favoring a system of hibor which will include all the students and teachers in the institution. Or in ease these are not agreeable the following: ^^Resolved, That in view of the financial embarrassments of the school and the difficulties attending any system of labor, we deem it best to disconnect the manual labor system en- tirely from this institution." This report was vigorously discussed and with some mani- festation of feeling. Various other papers were read, different plans suggested, but finally the whole question was indefi- nitely postponed. The matter was discussed at the meeting, of the Board for two or three years after, but this was accept- ed as the final disposition of the question, and the manual labor department has slept in peace ever since. SCHOLARSHIPS. This scheme led to another trouble which almost crushed the University. Arrangements had been made for securing an endowment fund by the sale of scholarships. These were sold with the understanding that the parties buying should give their note for the amount to be receipted for by the University. As soon as S75,000 worth should be sold, the scholarships would be furnished and the notes collected. When the time came for collections many claimed they had been unfairly dealt with as they had bought with the ex- pressed understanding that the manual labor department was to be continued ; and as it was now to be abandond they refused to pay. Others were allowed to retain their money^ provided they paid the annual interest upon it. From these and other causes, considerable disaffection was pro- duced and in the end the whole scheme had to be abandond. Some who had already paid, donated their money. Others received back their notes, and thus after a great deal of trouble and expense in selling these scholarships, the scheme proved a failure and the University suffered. Some few of them are still in force, and the University in good faith is giving instruction on them. 13 In the year 1866 it was felt that another effort must be made to endow or no permanency could be secured. It was agreed to ask voluntary contributions from the people. Agents were put to -work for this purpose and in view of the fact that all these years we have been carrying a debt for building and other purposes they have done well. We now have pledged to us in notes and bequests S80,C00; of this amount $50,000 is funded and bearing interest at ten per cent. Our agents are still at work, and besides securing funds wherewith to manage our debt they are adding to the endowment fund at the rate of $5,000 per year. They are also collecting notes already due and fund- ing the same as rapidly as possible. In a few years we hope to have a respectable endowment. REV. LEWIS DAVIS, D. D. If one person more than another can claim the honor of being the founder of the University that honor belongs to Rev. Lewis Davis, D. D. No one has labored more faith- fully in its interests, for a longer time, nor accomplished better results than he. After the first six months he l)ecame President of , the University and for eighteen years amid troubles, cares and perplexities, financial and other- wise, he was its honored head. He was one among the few who saw the need of such an institution. He was one of the committee that purchased the property and was one of the first Trustees. During his whole connection with it he was its financial head. However gloomy the prospect, however dark its future, he never despaired. Believing it to be a divine work he had faith in its success. When the financial condition of the college seemed to make it necessary he could lay aside the looks he loved so well and canvass the church for funds to pay debts. A good student of human nature, and with an indomitable determination which would take no refusal he always succeeded in securing money. A large portion of our present endowment was 14 secured by him in traveling from one field of labor to another. When the complete history of this University is written the record of his services will make one of its important chapters. In 1871 at the time of the dedication of the new building, in view of the uncertain condition of his health, and his 3'ears admonishing him that he should seek more moderate labor, he resigned the Presidency to accept a position in "Union Biblical Seminary" (then about to be oj^ened at Dayton, Ohio,) as Senior Professor, in which capacity he has been employed ever since. The Trustees of the University at this meeting, after accepting his resignation passed the following merited compliment : Resolved, That in accepting the resignation of Rev. Lewis Davis, D. D., as President of Otterbein University, we do so with full recognition of the invaluable services rendered by him to the institution during the eighteen 3'ears through which he has been its honored head and with grateful re- membrance of his unflagging devotion and perseverance, and of his hope against hope through all its vicissitudes in this extended period; and that while we sincerely regret his separation from the University just at a time when it is entering upon a new era of prosperity and usefulness, the best wishes and most devout prayers of this Board shall attend him to the new sphere of christian labor ujDon which he is about to enter." LIST OF PRESIDENTS. Entered. Eetired. William R. Griffith, Principal 1847 1849 Rev. William Davis, President 1849 1850 Rev.-Lewis Davis, " 1850 1857 Rev. Alexander Owen, " 1858 1860 Rev. Lewis Davis, D. D. '• 1860 1871 Rev. Dan'l Eberly, A. M. '' 1871 1872 Rev. H. A. Thompson, D. D. " 1872 ■ COURSES OP STUDY. The University at present has four courses of stud}^; Class- ical, Scientific, Ladies' and English ; any one of which is 15 taken by any student who is prepared for it. The Ladies'^ which differs but little from the Scientific, is so called because usually taken by them. We prepare our students for college, for the most part, but our Preparatory Department is not a sej)arately organized department with its own teachers. The members of the Faculty teach some of the classes in this department as well as in the college proper. We do it in part from necessity and because we think those students who are with us but a short time should for a portion of that time come in contact with some member or members of the College Faculty. We have no arrangement for post graduate studies or courses. We confer the degree of Master of Arts upon those of our classical graduates who have been such for three years and have spent that time in literary pursuits. RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE. " A history of Otterbein Universit}^ would be very incom- plete indeed which should take no notice of its moral and religious life. The institution was founded by men of strong convictions with an earnest purpose to glorify God and strengthen the church. It was reared in faith and con- secrated by prayer. There is abundant occasion for devout thanksgiving that it has fulfilled so well the design of its founders. Nothing has been more characteristic of its history than its great awakenings. Almost every year many scores have been led to Christ. A number of times in its history scarcely a solitary student was left in the ranks of unbelievers, so pervasive and general were these revivals. Of a large proportion of the thousands of students who have frequented its halls it may be said in a spiritual sense they were born here. Not unfrequently it has oc- curred that parents have sent their children quite as much with the hope that they would be won to Christ as that 16 they would be educated. It is gratifying to know that the wish of these devout parents was in so many cases realized. One of these great revivals was in progress during the winter when the late College building was burned " (Prof. Garst). We consider the religious influence of the college one of the most important auxiliaries to our work. The congregation of the United Brethren in this place worship in our College Chapel. The religious students who wish to, connect them- selves with it. We have no separate distinct church organ- ization for the students. We have no college chaplain. The pastor of the church is the pastor of all the students who attend. Keligious services are held in the chapel every Sabbath morning which all students are required to attend except those who on account of church membership or wish of parent and guardian prefer to attend church elsewhere. Prayers with reading of Scripture, are held in the chapel at 7.45 a. m. each day of the week, except Sunday. All stu- dents are required to attend. Students prayer meetings conducted by themselves, one for ladies, and another for gentlemen are held every Tuesday evening in the Uni- versity halls. Another thing which adds much to the moral well-being of the student in connection with this University is the morality of the town. There has never been a grog-shop or beer saloon successfully established in the town since the organization of the University. Two or three efforts have been made to establish such but the citizens have arisen and by their persistent determination have nipped the thing in the beginning. When the municipal law was so modified by the Ohio Legislature of 1874 as to prohibit cor- porations from forbidding the establishment of beer saloons one individual made the attempt to open one. The citizens at once organized, pledging themselves to withhold all support from any person who aided, abetted or patronized 17 the saloon. It required some time and effort to conquer the man because backed as we had good reason to believe by the Brewers' Association of Columbus, but in the end he succumbed. The struggle gave the town quite « notoriety. The present citizens have determined that no such sink of iniquity shall be thrust upon them. MISCELLANEOUS. Our Library containing about three thousand volumes of books was entirely consumed in the destruction of the College building in 1870; as was most of our cabinet and apparatus. Since that time we have collected about one thousand volumes. Our last catalogue shows a list of one hundred and fifty graduates, one hundred of whom are gentlemen and fift}' ladies. Our present Senior class which will graduate on June 1st, contains fifteen members, thirteen of whom are gentlemen and two ladies. There are four Literary Societies in connection with the University. Two of them are exclusively for gentlemen and two for ladies. The following statistics are as reliable as any that can be had. When the building was burned in 1870 the records of the Philalethean Society were consumed. From that time to the present there have been one hundred and seven members. We have no record back of that date. Membership. Founded. Vol. in Initia- Present. Total. Lib. tion. ^. f Philomathean 1857 250 $5.00 52 400 iviaie. I phiiophronean 1857 130 5.00 35 300 T. , J Philalethean ]852 150 3.00 42 107 ^ ^"^^^®- 1 Cleiorhetean 1871 90 3.00 30 65 The first Honorary Degrees were conferred in 1865. Since that time it has conferred the honorary degree of blaster of Arts upon eight persons; the degree of Doctor of Divinity upon four persons; and Doctor of Laws upon two persons, making in all fourteen honorary degrees conferred since the origin of the University. 18 I can find no record of students enrolled from 1847 the opening of the University until 1851 inclusive. In 1852, there were present 123 persons. Catalogues of 1853 and 1854 if ever issued have all been lost. I can find no record of these years save the one above given. The sum of total names in catalogues from 1855 to 1875 inclusive is 4129. The home residence of these students was as follows : From Pennsyl- vania 241 ; from Ohio 3480; from Indiana 123 ; from Illinois 65 ; from New York 25 ; from Michigan 3; from Virginia 88 ; from Maryland 28 ; from Missouri 6 ; from Iowa 9 ; from Louisiana 4; from New Hampshire 92 ; from New Jersey 9; from Kentucky 3 ; from Kansas 4 ; from Canada 21 ; from Prussia 1 ; from Washington City 1. The largest donation received from any one has been promised by Mr. and Mrs. C. Merchant, now of this place. They have arranged to pay $5000 for the privilege of naming a professorship and $7000 as a fund to aid indigent students. The citizens of Westerville paid $7000 to en- able them to name the President's department of Mental and Moral Science. Judge Dresback, of Southern Ohio, who died but a few days since, gave $5000 to name the Mathematical professorship, and the Flickinger family of the Miami Valle}'^ $5000 to name the Latin professorship. Three other parties have each promised $5000 toward the general indebtedness of the institution. Our contributors have paid in amounts from $25 to $1000. These are obtained with about as much ease as the same number of cents were at the begining of our work. In this 29th year of its existence it is too soon to stop to count results. We have but a little more than passed our majority and ought to be strong of purpose and valiant of heart to do much more toward pulling down the strong- holds of sin and ignorance and building up the cause of the Master. Through struggle and trial, through darkness and storm we have been led by a way that we knew not of. 19 Throughout the length and breadth of the church, our in- fluence has been felt for good. We have helped to furnish teachers for nearly all its other Schools and Colleges. Our sons have entered its ministry and have put into it a new life and power. We have furnished editors for its Journals and teachers for its first Theological school. We have just reasons " to thank God and take courage." " Hitherto the Lord hath helped us." As we push out upon this second century, " with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right," we will strive to continue the work already com- menced. With brazen-faced demagogues ruling in high places; with vice and crime running rampant in our streets ; bribery and corruption holding high carnival in our Legis- lative halls; "rings" vying with each other as to which one shall most successfully bleed the public treasury ; with in- fidels and scheming politicians in league to banish all moral and religious training from our public schools, there is more need than ever of that culture which a christian college is designed to give. To help promote that virtue and intelli- gence which are the foundation of a nations, strength, shall be our constant aim. With a perfect trust that He who has led us hitherto will lead us still ; that He will teach us the right way and incline our feet to walk therein, we hopefully enter upon the second century of our national existence. H. A. Thompson, President. STEDBENVILLE FEMALE SEMINARY. SITUATION. The Steubenville Female Seminary is located on the bank of the Ohio River, in the midst of some of the finest scenery, for which that river is justly famed. AGE. For almost fift}' years this institution has been a point of interest, as a pioneer of Female Education in the West. In some cases three generations have enjoyed its advan- tages. It has just issued its forty-seventh annual cata- logue. KOUNDERS. It was founded on the 13th day of April, 1829, by the Rev. Charles C. Beatty and Mrs. Hetty E. Beatty, his wife. They made it their life work. The}^ were both admirablj' qualified by rare natural gifts, as well as by edu- cation, for [yuch an enterprise. Great administrative abil- ity, keen foresight and dicision were found in the one ; fine powers of observation, versatility of talent, activity, love of acquiring and of communicating knowledge, in the other; and a high standard of christian responsibility, and a spirit of earnest consecration in both. A prophetic glimpse of the great future of the West; of its growth in population and imjjortance ; of reforms, revolutions and discoveries, in which the people were to be the actors, revealed to them the great want of the land — educated women. EARL,Y CONSTITUTION. Great care was taken in the early constitution of this school. Its foundations were laid broad and deep. Future contingencies were provided for. The best plans and models were studied, faults avoided and excellencies adopted. Teachers were selected with great care. In the subsequent history of the school few changes have been found necessar}' ; there has been a stability and a repose which always accompanies true growth. The aim of this institution has been education in its 'oadest sense ; soli christian character, broadest sense ; solid culture, refined manners and high SUCCESS. This seed was planted by faith, in prayer; and after almost half a century of faithful culture, let us test the quantity and the quality of the fruit. Two years ago Dr. and Mrs. Reid, the present Princi- pals of the school, planned a grand reunion, so that those who had planted and watered might taste of their labors, before being gathered to their fathers. The call was to the children to return to the old home for a few days. Seven hundred pupils from all parts of the United States responded in person ; others in distant lands by letter. Histories of the seminary and of all the classes had been carefully prepared. Many interesting statistics had been gathered by those historians. More than four thousand pupils have been connected with the school, 697 of " whom received its final honors. The average of character and scholarship has been remarkable. Most of the pupils have become sen- sible, intelligent women, showing breadth of mind and symmetry of character ; have been and are occupying positions of responsibility and usefulness all over our land, as wives, as mothers, as teachers, everywhere reflecting honor upon their Alma Mater. Its religious influence has been wonderful. While many of its pupils have been moulding characters, institutions, homes and churches in every state in our Union, others have been doing the same work in India, China and the Islands of the Sea. ITS PRESENT STATUS. Dr. A. M. Reid and Mrs. Reid, the Principals of the school, assumed that relation twenty years ago. They have built well upon the old foundations. Gifted for their work in a high degree, they have kept pace with the march of improvement in Science, Literature, Art and Christian Culture. They have been eminently successful. The school was never more worthy of the patronage of those who desire that their children should enjoy the advantages of a noble Christian education. HISTORICAL SKETCH ST. XAVIER COLLEGE. Tliis Institution, sitaatcd on Sycamore street, was established October 17, 1831, by the Rt. Rev. E. D. Fen- wick, D. D., the first I3isliop of Cincinnati, under the name of the Athenmum. The circumstances attending its cstabhshment may be of interest, as they are closely con- nected with the early history of education — and especially Catholic education — in this city. In the year 1821, the Catholics of Cincinnati and vicinity liad but one church, a small frame building, situated outside the cit} limits, as they then existed. In the following year it was removed to Sycamore street, and occupied the ground on which St. Xavier Church now stands. The frame building was soon after taken down and replaced by a larger and more permanent structure of brick. The latter edifice, with its tower and handsome spire, formed, at that early day, one of the most ornamental buildings in the city. Beside the Church a school soon sprang up. It was judiciously organized, efficiently managed, and almost at once, without intermecliate stages, grew into the propor- tions of an advanced literary institute, affording the youth in this section of the counti-y an opportunity of acquiring a higher education. This Institution was styled " the J^Aewoeujn." Thirt3--live years ago it was <;oiiside.red a marvel of architectural beauty, and seemed to embody tlic laudable pride of its founders as it tow- ered above its less pretentious neighbors. But the times have gone on, and liumbled the pride of the old Athe- naeum. It stands even now, it is true, but as a relic of the past. The wonder of the passer-by has given place to indifference, and another generation sports through the time-honored corridors, and, but for the watchful eye of the master, would disfigure the walls with as little consideration as they smile at the quaint square bricks on which they tread, and stop to joke at the solidity of tiie occasional fantastic framework which their fathers considered admirable. To understand the object of its erection and the scope of its studies, we need but read the inscription carved ou the front of the building : " Athenceurn Religioni et Artibus Sacrum." It must have puzzled the brain of more than one simple inhabitant of our young city, as he stood with gaping eyes to make out the mystic meaning of that motto I The beginning of tlie Athenceurn was very auspicious; but it did not continue in its original flourishing condi- tion. At length, after varied fortunes, and a season of doubtful success, which answered but poorly the expec- tations of its friends and patrons, it was established on a new basis in 1840, bein<2: given l)y Most Eev. Archbishop J. B. Purcell, D. D.. to the Fathers of the Society of Jesus, who have conducted it ever since. From that time it began to be known as St. Xavier College, and then, prop- erly speaking, begins the history of the College as it exists to-day. In 1842 it was incorporated by the Gen- eral Assembly of the State of Oliio, under the name which it now bears, with all the privileges usually granted to Universities. Boarders as well as day scholars were received for instruction. 1 ho advantasres held out to students from abroad who desired to board at the College were : An Institution easily accessible from all parts of the Union, a location i)cculiarly conducive to mental improve- iiicnt and bodily comfort, an opportunity of attcndino- many interesting lectures on the arts and sciences deliv- cre C CO T-H CC c. l-H 1 5 CO o i T— 1 o T-H t- c; O CO (M T-i to 1 CO o 2 -* ^ CO 1-H l-H CO r-H C5 1 -+ I-H 1 lO 1 1 T-H o l-H 05 CO OC T-H OO lO CO t-H T-H 00 l-H ^ ?3 CO CO l-H (M T-H l-H CO T— 1 T-H CD 1 O- id I-H I-H m O 00 GO 1 C T-H 1 iC T-H I-H 1 1 1 " 00 1 I-H lO m :o CO T-H CO 1 >^ CO -H I-H t^ lO 00 t- ^ II -. ^ II CO in CO i-H 00 t- l-H I-H (M II GO c -(H s- c: a ;- Ph ■» e. 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CI 4 >- a +- (T !- c n %- C a a: a c c a E a c ir a &i _a "c C ) > s- c « Q. !- P- -1 c ■£ c 'c a c c OC a e a C P- 00 --H O o CO to 00 to 00 >H 3 -73 o i-5 a o O Eh T3 O Historical Sketch of Wiitenberg College, SPRINGFIET^r), OHIO. isr^^ivciE. The Corporate Lame of this Instil ulion oi Jearning is: " The Board of Direc- tors of Wlitenbeig College." It dtrivef: its name from the ' University of Wittenberg," Germany, the cen- tre of light in Eurdpe in the Eeformation of the 16th Centuiv CHARTER OF WITTENBERG COLLEGE, CHARTKEED MARCH 11, 1845. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, That John Hamilton, of the county of Stark, William G. Keil, and David Tullis, of the county of Guernsey, John B. Reck, and Sol- omon Ritz, of the county of Tuscarawas, George Leiter, of the county of Richland, John H. Hoffman, and Jacob Roller, of the county of Columbiana, Elias Smith, of the county of Wayne, Presley X. O'Bannon, of the county of Licking, John N. Kurtz, of the county of Clark, Philip BInkley, of the county of Greene, David Porter Rosemiller, Frederick Gabhart, and Peter Baker, of Montgomery county, and George Sill of the county of Preble, members of the Board of Directors appointed by the English Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Ohio, and Miami Synod, to es- tablish a college at some suitable point in Greene or Clark coun- ty. State of Ohio, are hereby created a body corporate and poli- tic, by the name, style and title of the Bo.ird of Directors of Wittenberg College, and they and their successors in office, as such, shall have power to sue and be sued, plead and be implead- ed, to defend and be defended, in all courts of equity; to have a common seal, and to alter it at pleasure; to hold all kinds of es- tate which they may acquire by purchase or donation to any amount necessary to accomplish the objects of the institution, and to have and to convey at discretion ; to form a constitution and by-laws for their perpetuation and government; to make all necessary regulations for the management of their fiscal con- cerns; to admit, exclude, and expel members; to appoint offi- cers, and to do such other acts as may be necessary to effect the promotion of theological and scientific knowledge; Provided, however, that said constitution, by-laws, and regulations, shall be consistent with the constitution of the United States and the State of Ohio. Sec. 2. That the professor or professors appointed by said board, in said college, or a majority of them, shall constitute the faculty, and have power to enforce the rules and regulations en- acted by the board of directors for the government and disci- pline of the students, and finally to suspend or expel such of them, as may, in their judgment, deserve it, and to grant and confirm, by the consent of the board of directors, such degrees in the liberal arts and sciences, or such branches thereof, to such students or others, whom, by their proficiency in learning, and other meritorious distinctions, they shiU regard as entitled to them, as it has been usual to grant in other colleges, and to grant to such graduates diplomas or certificates under their common seal, to authenticate and perpetuate such graduation; provided that the power of conferring degrees shall not be exercised by said corporation until it shall have acquired property, either real or personal, and in possession thereof, to the value of ten thous- and dollars, to be ascertained by three disinterested freeholders of the county where said college may be located ; s ud appraisers to be appointed by the auditor of such county, and to make re- turn in writing of their appraisement, which returns shall be filed and preserved in the office of said auditor. Sec. 3. That no misnomer of said corporation shall defeat or annul any gift, grant, devise or bequest, to or for the said corpo- ration, provided the intent of the parties shall sufficiently appear upon the face of the gift, grant, will, or other writing, whereby any estate or interest was intended to pass to or for said corpora- tion. Wittenberg college is in connection witli that branch of the Evangelical Lutheran Church represented in the religious body known as the " General Synod of the United States." The districts synods represented in the board of directors of the college at the present date, are: " The Synod of East Ohio," the "Synod of Miami," and the " Wittenberg Synod," compris- ing the territory of the State of Ohio, and the " Synods of North- ern Indiana," and 'Olive Branch," in the State of Indiana. Directors of this institution may, however, be elected by any " Lutheran Synod" in connection with the " Evangelical Luth- eran General Synod," which shall adopt the constitution of the college and pledge itself to its support. The rates of representation from each district synod in connec- tion with the college is as follows : Two directors for every ten clerical members of synod; four for fifteen; six for twenty; eight for twenty-five; ten for thirty; and twelve for forty or more members; provided, always, that one-half are laymen, and that one-half the representation of each synod retire from office at the same time. The synods by which directors are chosen fix their time of serv- ice, and shall be the only tribunal to which they are responsible. Before taking his seat in the board, ami as often afterward as he shall be re-elected as the representative of his synod every director shall make and subscribe the following declaration: "Sincerely approving of the object of ' Wittenberg College,' I solemnly promise faithfully to endeavor to carry out the provis- ions of its charter and coastitution, and thus promote the great design of the institution." At present the Board of Directors is comprised of thirty-six members, thirty- four appearinir from the synods above-named, and two from Clark county, Ohio, according to the provisions of the constitution of the college. LOCATION. The location of Wittenberg College, for beauty and health ful- ness, is not surpassed by that of any of her sister colleges of the State, or of the entire country. The college, with the residences of the professors, constitute one of the suburbs of the thriving city of Springfield. The college building proper occupies an elevated situation, comprising as its campus forty acres of ground, skirt- ed by the beautiful stream and valley of Lagonda, and finely shaded with the sugar and oak and elm trees of the native forest, and overlooking the surrounding landscape in every direction, thus rendering the situation of the college perfectly unsurpassa- able for beauty and variety of scenery. Sprin .field is on the line of four of the principal railroads ot the State, leading north, south, east and west, and is forty miles distant from the capital of the State, twenty four miles from the city of Dayton, and eighty- four miles from the city of Cincinnati, and is distinguish- ed for its business enterprise, and for the moral and hospitable character of its citizens. All the evangelical denominations of Christians are repre- sented here, and generally with commodious and attractive churches, and always with an entertaining and an instructive pulpit. GRANTS AND ENDOWMENTS. The citizens of Springfield, at the founding of the institution, partially donated to it seventeen acres of ground ; and the friend -i of the college abroad have enabled the Board of Trustees to pur- chase nineteen acres additional, to which a grant of four acres has also been aided; and from individual benefactions the insti- tution has thus far received a productive endowment fund of one hundred and twenty-five thousand tlollars. Jn grounds, buildings and endowment fund the assets of the institution may be fairly estitnited at one hundred and seventy- five thousand dollars. This does not include the value of the libraries, thecabinet and the philosophical apparatus. The institution has no indebtdeness. ORIGIN OF THE INSTITUTION. Wittenberg College is in connection with that branch of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the United States which is doc- trinally represented by the General Synod. The institution originated in the educational and in the reli- gious want of the Lutheran Church in the West, then so called. Her establishment was demanded for the education of a minis- try sufficient in number and with an evangelical spirit who would stem the tide of formalism, which was steadily advancing upon and gradually obscuring the light of saving truth and the influ- ence of piety in the Lutheran Church, at that period. Under this two-fold necessity the members of the English Syn- od of Ohio, at a convention held at Washington, Guernsey coun- ty, in the month of November, 1842, Resolved, "That in reliance upon the triune Jehovah and alone for His honor and glory, we now establish a Literary and a Theological Institution." The design of its founders combined its literary and its theo- logical departments under one management, and its friends have aimed from the beginning to make its efficiency commensurate with the importance of the mission undertaken, and with the development of the field which it occupies. The constitution provides for the professorships usually found in colleges and theological seminaries. The following persons comprise the Faculty of professors and teachers in the various departments of the institution at the present time: THEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT. FACULTY. Samuel Sprecher, D. D. L.L, D., Frederick Gebhart Profess- or of Systematic Theology. J. H. W. Stuckenbercj, D. D., Culler Professor of Sacred Phi- lology. .1. B. Helwig, D. D., Professor of Horniletics and Pastoral Theology. Professor of Ecclt, iaslical History.— The duties of this Pro- fessorship are now performed by Prof. B. F. Pkinc.'e, COLLEGIATE DEPARTMENT. FACULTY. Rev. J. B. Helwig, D. D., President, and Professor of Moral Science and Political Economj\ Samuel Sprecher, D. D. L. L. D., Professor of Mental Phi- losophy, H. R. Geiger, a. M., Ph. D., Professor of Natural Sciences. Isaac Sprecher, A. M., Profe-sor of Ancient Languages. B. F. Prence, a. M., Professor of Natural History and As- sistant Professor of Greek, S. F. Brackenridge, A. M., Professor of Mathematics. Professor of Eelles -Letters and English Literature,— The du- ties of this Professorship are now performed by Professors Hel- wig and Prince. Professor of German Language and Literature.— The duties of this Professorship are now performed by Prof. J. H. W. Stuck- enberg. PREPAR.VTORY DEPARTMENT. H. G. Rogers, A. M., Principal. G. H. Young, A. B,, Tutor. Charles H. Schnure, Teacher of Penmanship. B. F. Prince, Librarian. THEOLOGI* AL DEPARTMENT. This department embraces the following branches: (1.) ExegeUcal T/ieology with its Auxiliary Sciences, Sacred Philology, Biblical Archaeology, Biblical Criticisms, and Herme- neutics. (2.) Historical Theology, embracing Biblical History, Biblical Theology, Church History, and History of Doctrines, including Patristics and Symbolics. (3.) Systematic Theology, embracing (a) Christian Dogmatics with its relations to Apologetics, Polemics, and Irenics, and (6) Christian Ethics. (4.) Practical Theology, embracing (a) Halieutic- and Catechet- ics, ib) Liturgies and Homiletics, (c) Pastoral Theology, {d) Church Government. The couri^e of instruction occupies two years, which are di- vided into four sessions. FIRST YEAR: FIRST SESSION. Encyclopoedia and Methodology of the Theological Sciences. Biblical History. Church History. History of Doctrines. Apologetics. Biblical Archaeology. Hebrew, (Genesis). Greek Exegesis, the Parables. SECOND SESSION. Christian Do>gmatics. Biblical Theology. Biblical Criticism. Hermeneutics. Hebrew (Isaiah). Greek Exegesis, continued. Church History, continued. SECOND YEAR. FIRST SESSION. Christian Dogmatics, continued. Christian Ethics. Halieutics and ratechetics. Hebrew, (Isaiah continued). Greek Exegesis, Eomans. SECOND SESSION. Christian Dogmatics and Christian Ethics, completed. Pastoral Theology. Church Government. Exesresis of the Old and New Testament, completed. Lectures are delivered during the entire course. The students are required to write exegetical essays, and to take part in con- ferences in wliich religious and theological subjects are discussed. In connection with Homiletics, the students have exercises in sermonizing. It is desirable that applicants for admission into this depart- ment should possess a knowledge of all the branches of a full collegiate course, or at least of Arithmetic, Natural Philosophy, Ancient and Modern Geography, General History, English Grammar, Mental and Moral Science, Logic and Greek. This department is open for members of every Branch oj the Christian Churchy who possess the requisite attainments and a Christian character. No charge is made for tuition or lectures. The sessions and vacations are the same as in other departments. The proper time to enter is the beginning of the Winter Session. Students have access to libraries containing many valuable theological books. COLLEGIATE DEPARTMENT. TERMS OF ADMISSION. Candidates for admission into the Freshman Class are examin- ed in Csesar, Virgil, Bullions & Kendrick's Greek Grammar, Latin Prosody, Geography, (Ancient and Modern), English Grammar, Arithmetic, History of the United Statts, Watts on the Mind, Algebra, Latin Grammar (Harkness), Berard's Histo- ry of England, Harkness' Greek Exercise, and Anabasis. An accurate and thorough acquaintance with these studies is indispensibly necessary, in order to receive the full advantage of the Collegiate Course. It has been found by experience that students imperfectly prepared for the classes which they enter are embarrassed in their future progress, and are seldom able to re- pair the want of solid preparatory instruction. Every applicant for admission to a class more advanced than the Freshman will be examined in all the branches to which the class he proposes to enter has attained. In all cases, satisfactory testimonials of a good moral charac- ter are required, and those who have been connected with other colleges must produce certiticates of honorable dismission. No student is matriculated until he is fourteen years of age and has b'een connected with the Institution three weeks; until then he is considered merely a probationer, and can be admitted to membership only on satisfactory evidence of a good moral character. COURSE OF INSTRUCTION. The course of instruction in the Collegiate Department occu- pies four years. In each year there are two sessions. The studies to which the several classes attend are as follows: FRESHMAN YEAR. FIKST TERM. Z,ay tlie inspiration of C'hristian |>hilanthropy, appointed a committee of seven to consider and report a plan for the improvement of the intellectual and moral condition of the thirty thousand colored people of Ohio, and those of other free States, by furnishing them such facilities of education as had been generally beyond their reach. This period was that intervening the passage of the Fugitive Slave Bill and the breaking out of the civil war. The demon of slavery had reached the zenith of its power, and was pre])aring for its deadly struggle with the genius of liberty. "A Brief History of the Ent(»rprise " was written by one of its chief actors, and is too interesting and important a leaf in the history of our national i)rogress to be abridged. I therefore give it here, m-Jxifivi d iifrmfim. It is from the pen of Rev. John F. Wright, I). I). _" The mission of Methodism, like that of the Gospel, is to every human being. All classes have engaged her atten- tion, especially the poor ; and the colored peo])le of this and other lands have shared of her sympathy and hibors. In 185?) some of th« ministers and members of the Methodist Episcopal Church saw and felt the necessity of a more lib- eral and concentrated etlort to inijtrove the (M»ndition and furnish the facilities of pducation to t lie tliiity thousand col- ored peopliMH Oliio a,nd those oi" other free Htates. At the session of tlie Cincinnati Conference, held at Hillslxiro, Sep- tember 28, 1S5)), on motion of Rev. ,\. Lowrey, it was ordered ' that a committee of seven be appointed by the President to in([uire and report to the next CV^nference what can best be done to promote the welfare of tlie colored pef)ple among us.' Bislio]» .lanes a,p]»ointe(l the following that committee, namely : John F. Wright, Augustus Eddy, A. Ijowrey, G. Moody, .1. T. Mitchell, William I. Fee, and Charles Elliott. "A majority of the committee met on the call of the chair- man, at the Methodist Book Concern, on the 9th of August, 1854, and, on a full and free discussion, adopted th(^ follow- ing brief outline of a plan which was judged best calculated to answer the end had in view, and which the chairman was requested to elaborate in a i'e])Oi"t to be presented to the Conference : " ' 1. Resolved, That it is of the greatest im])ortance, both to the colored and white races in the free States, that all the (X)lored )»eo]>le shoidd receive at least a. good common school education : and that for this pur)«»se well-(|ualitied teachers are indispensable. '' "2. That the religious instruction of the colored jieople is necessary to their elevation as well as their salvation. " ' o. That we recommend the establishment of a literary institution of a high order for the education of the colored people generally, and for the ])urpose of preparing teiichers of all grades to labor in the work of educating the colored people in our country and elsewhere. "'4. That we recommend that an attempt be made, on the ])art of the Methodist Episcoi)al Church, to co-operate with the African Methodist Episcopal ('hurch in promoting the intellectual and religious im])rovement of the colored people. " ' 5. That we recommend the apj)ointment of a general agent to carry out the objects proposed in the foregoing reso- lutions, and to labor otherwise for the im]irovement of the people f»f color. " • 6. Tluit we will furnish all the ('(Hiferences in the iree States of the West with a copy of oui- resolutions, and respectfully request them to co-operate with us. " ' 7. That the editor of the Western Christian Advocate be requested to i)ublish the foregoing resolutions, and call the attention of the Conferences invited to concur in them, in such remarks as he may deem proper. '•JOHN F. WRIUHT, C/uunmn. "'A. LOWKEY. Sfxrdarii'' Dr. C. Elliott accompanied the publication of these reso- lutions with an al^le editorial. The chairman of the committee was directed to commu- nicate this plan to the several Conferences in the West for their consideration and concurrence. This was done, and many of those Conferences took favorable action on it, which showed that they were not only ready to adopt the outline of this great movement, but to assist in carrying it out. The committee, as instructed, made a repoi-t to the Cin- cinnati Conference, held in the city, September 23, 1854. We have but little space, and can make but a short extract from this report. It says : " We give no counteiumce to any theory which goes tode})i'i vc the l)lack man of h is full share in our common humanity, but hail him as a man, a brother, in accordance with that grand affirmation of the Bible, which must forever settle the unity of the human I'ace ; that God ■ hath made of one lilood all nations of men, foi' to dwell on the face of the earth." Heuc«% we (H)rdially concede our ob- ligation to do good to the colored race, according to our abil- ity and tlicir necessity. Here, then, is an extensive field open for benevolent cnterpi-ise, where- a part of the large donations of the rich and the smaller contributions of those of less ability luav advantageously mingle together, and where the pairiot. I be statesman, and the philanthropist of <'vei'y desci-ipt ion may unite in t be accoiu pi isliment of this nol)lc work.'' Several re.solutions were appended to the report. One recommended the establif^hment of a literary institution of a high order foi- the edii(;ation of the colored youth ; and one recommended the appointment of a general agent. The entire re])ort wa.^ adopted by the C-onference, and John F. Wright was appointed the agent. The general agent, although he had to serve a large dis- trict as presiding elder, labored quite extensively, by corres- pondence and othei'wise, in the work assigned him, bearing his own expenses. He succeeded in awakening a lively in- terest on the subject, and in attracting the attention and exciting the hopes of the colored people. At the session of the Cincinnati Conference, September 28, 1855, the committee, consisting of Rev. C. W. Swain, A. Lowrey, and M. Dustin, to whom was referred the elevation of the colored people, reported the following resolutions, which were adopted by the Conference : ^'Resolval, That we recommend the appointment of Rev. John F. Wright as general agent for this Conference, to take the incipient steps for a College for the colored people in this State. ^^Resolvrd, That our delegates be, and are hereby instructed, to bring this subject before the next General Conference for their sanction and assistance. '"Re-'iolred^ That it be the duty of oui' general agent to ao- operate with tlie African Methodist Episcopal Churches in l)romoting SabV)ath schools and other educational interests of .the colored people." The Conference associated with their general agent C.W. Swain, \. [jowicy, .M . Dustiii. and M. French, to cari'v out the tii-st resolution, having reference to the (-ligiljle and valuable Xcnia Sjniiigs piopcrty, in (Jreene County, Ohio. The general agent and the committee associated with him held thcii' (irsi meeting at the Methodist i>ook Concern, Cincinnati, on the .".1st of ()el()her', 1855, all [O'esent excerpt Hev. C. W. Swain. .h)hn F. Wright was a.|>pointed Ciiaii"- nian. and M. I'^reneh. Seeretai'v. At this meeting the agent was authorized to commence negotiating with the owners for the purchase of the Xenia Springs property, that being preferred by the committee as the most eligible location for such an institution. The agent was also authorized to make an offer for the property, and solicit subscriptit)ns and donations for the object. The offer made by the agent in behalf of the committee was declined, but the negotiations were continued till the amount of difference between the parties was reduced to live hundred dollars. At this point Mrs. .Judge McLean exerted her kind influence in bringing about a contract for the purchase. An offer of Sl;),5()0 was made to one of the principal own- ers, who laid it before his partner in the East, and as no answer was returned to the Western owner for a longer time than was usual, he inferi'ed his friend approved of the sale, and closed the contract, agreeing to the payments proposed, and so informed his Eastern partner. The former letter had then been received, and he objected to the terms on whicb Mr. 1). had agreed to sell the prop- erty. He came out in person, and Messrs. Wright and French, after a long interview, received from him the most favorable terms on whicb lie would sell, as follows: One- fourth of $13,50() to be paid down, or a note given, includ- ing ten per cent, interest, at sixty days, with personal in- dorsers ; the balance in (me and two years ; notes to be given by the commissioners of the C-onference for the deferred pay- ments, with approved personal indorsers, and all secured by a mortgage on the property, six per cent, interest to be paid semi-annually — allowing us only ten days to consider and comply with the conditions. Messrs. Wrigbt and Frtmch soon obtained an interview with their associates ;i,t the (ient^ral Conference at Indian- apolis, and iii'U'r a delibera-te. consultation, they all, exce]>t Rev. ('. W. Svviiin, ugn-cd, in order to secure this valuable iim\ ill evfvv way suilidilc j>io|m riy lor this bcin-volrnt ob- ject, that they would sign notes for tlie ;Miioiint, .'ind do wlnit they could to pioenre indorsers. In tilt' meantime, this [)]iilanthr(»j)ie work liad been pre- sented to the General Conference, and referred to a conniiit- tee, consisting of Rev. Cyrus Brooks, Z. C'onnell, Moses Hill, H. E. Pilcher, M. Dustin, F. C. Holliday, and R. Boyd. On the 22d of May, I806, through their chairman, the commit- tee made their report. It commences with a history of the movement, and then describes the Xenia Springs property, including fifty-two acres of ground, with a large edifice, with numerous rooms, which are well adapted for the ])urpose of a boarding-house, school and class rooms, chapel, etc.; also several cottages, well ada])ted to the use of ]jrivate families. There are several mineral and other springs on the prem- ises, the whole having been fitted up for a fashionable water- ing place, at a cost of some S50,000. It is situated in Greene County, Ohio, very near a good turnpike road, about mid- way between Cincinnati and Columbus, and near the rail- way. It is easy of access, and yet retired, in a rural, beau- tiful and healthy region, and in nearly as mild a climate as can be obtained north of the Ohio river. The following resolutions, with the whole report, were adopted by the Conference with great unanimity, and with- out an expressed objection : "'Rei^olred., That, in the judgment of this General Confer- ence, the religious education of the ))eople of color in our land, will tend most efiectiuilly and speedily, under God, to their elevation in this country, and to prepare the way for the restoration of the l)enighted millions of down-trodden Africa t<» nil the Itlessings of ci viliz;ition. science and re- ligion. ''J?^'.so/(vy/, That wc look u|Kni tlie pi'(»poscd plan for the education of the colored youth of our land as of God, and as l)romising great good to the people of coloi- among us, and untold l)lessings to the land of their aiicestoi's; and we do most earnestly recunnmend this nol)lc work to the sympathy, the )>rayers, and the generous benel'act ions of all who de- sire the elevation of the entire I'ainily of man. "/?^^so/vvy/, Tliat we bes]»eak for the agents of this enter- prise a, cordial reception on the part of all Christians and |>hilantliV(>|>ists. linpin^ tli:it flicy iiuiy l»c succcssruK not only in awakening sympathy and in enlisting ])ray(*i's, V)ut also in gathering funds to piiy tV)r the })r(»))erty j)nrehased, and to aftbrd ;i liheral cndowincnt oi' llic Institution, so as to place it on an e(|ual footing with the Ix'st institutions of learning in our country."" Messrs. Wright and French with great pleasure, heard of the favorahle action of the General Conference, and a])- plied themselves Avith increased exertions tocomply with the conditions made by Mr. B., the hardest of which seemed to be to procure men from pure philanthropy to indorse their notes. Yet they found business men who determined to take the risk for the sake of advaneing the intellectual and moral improvement of the most neglected and needy por- tion of our po|)ulation. It was known that another ])artv stood ready to close the contract with the owners if they failed, offering $1,500 more. They had till Saturday, the 24th of May, to meet the conditions, and by diligent and continued efforts the last indorser was obtained, half an hour, before midnight, at which the time allowed expired. As they are deemed worthy of im])erishable honor, we render the small tribute of here recording their names, with a clear conviction that their reeord is on high, and a strong ho})e that they will have a brighter and more enduring reward in the decisions of the great day. The names are: W'ni. Wood, Alexander Webb, John Du- bois, Morris S. Ho])per. The general agent advanced $875, and for the l>alan'nt, oji his individual note, St, 000, by which, witli other funds, tiu' note was ))aid. On the oOth (lay of August, 1856, aiii)lication was made, in due form, to the authorities of (Ireene (county, and State of Ohio, for the lienetit of the general law of the State, ])ass- ed April 9, 1852 ; and every requisition of the law being eom- plied with, the instituticm was organized and constituted a body corporate, under the name of " The Wilbei-force Uni- versity.'" The corporators adopted articles of association and elected a Board of twenty-three Trustees. Some changes have taken place in the Board since its first organization ; the present catalogue, however, will show the names of the members of the Board as it now exists. At the first meet- ing .b>hn F. Wright was elected President of the Board, and M. French, Secretary ; and Rev. Professor F. Merrick was elected President of the University. There was, however, no demand at that time for his services at the Instituition, and the school was supplied with teachers for the time be- ing, as they were needed. Professor James K. Parker served as Principal from Feb- ruary, 1857, to July, 1858, and then retired with the com- mendation of the Board. Professor Merrick having declin- ed serving, on the 80th of June, 1858. Rev. Richard S. Rust, a distinguished member of the New Hampshire (Conference, was unanimously elected President of the Institution. When officially notified of his election, after finding he could be released from an important pastoral charge, he signified his willingness to accept the appointment, ap.d at the commencement of the fall term he entered upon his work. He has shown himself well (pialified, and has been eminently successful in his position. The number of stu- dents has varied from seventy to one hundred. Many of them are very promising, and some have made remarkable proficiency in tlieii" studies. Every year the school has been visited with a iii-acioiis j'cvix'al t>f I'elitiion, and manv of the ])ii]!>ils have hecii iikhIi' tlic liap^iy sul)jects of a \v(»rk of grace which is deemed all-iini)()rtant to their usefulness in life. This henevolent scheme is based on the snp})Osi- tion that the colored man nnist, for the most ])art, be the educator and elevator of his own race in this and other lands. Hence, a leading object of the Institution is to edu- cate and thoroughly train many of them for professional teachers, or for any other ]iosition or pursuit in life to which God, in His providence, c»r by his Spirit, may call them. It has also been a cherished idea with the founders of the Institution that a Theological Department should be organized at the earliest ])eriod possible, in which young men called of God to preach " the unsearchable riches of Christ" might receive that aid so essential to prepare them for this great work. We ar(^ hai)py to learn that several young men have already entered this department, who give promise of great usefulness to the Church and the world. Our enterprise has enlisted the hearts and received the fa- vor of some distinguished statesmen and other citizens of our common country, and is designed to unite and engage the efforts of all Christians and philanthropists. Several of the leading denominations of Christians are represented in the Board of Trustees. We have good reasons to believe this work is of God, that His hand is in it, and His bless- ing will be upon it, and, therefore, we hope for good success." IMMEDIATE RESULTS. The catalogue of 1859-60 shows a roll of 207 students, the majority of whom were the natural children of Southern and Southwestern planters. These came from the plantation with nothing mentally but the ignorance, superstition, and vices which slavery engenders ; but departed with so much intellectual and moral culture as to be qualified to be teach- ers in several of the Western States, and, immediately after the overthrow of slavery, entered their native regions as teachers of the freedmen. A large number were gathered from the free States, and others from some of the most respectable families in Penn- sylvaniii, Oliio, Illiiiuis, and ('aliloniia. Tlicsc derived the greater benefit from the instrnotion given at Wilberforce, and were jire])a,red for a higlier sjdiere of usefulness. Dr. Rust had also formed a class in the Classics and Mathematics; another in French ; and a third had commenced theological studies, of whom were six young men, who have since dis- tinguished themselves in the )»astora] and other fields of usefulness, covering politics, the military service of the United States, and the publishing de])artment of the African M. E. Church. One of these ran a short but glorious career as a pastor, and is gone to enjoy the " Saints' everlasting rest." WILBERFORCE UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE A. M. E. CHURCH. On the tenth of March, 1863, between 9 and 10 o'clock P. M., one of the Bishops of the A. M. E. Church agreed with the original Trustees* of Wilberforce University to purchase the property for the A. M. E. Church, to be used as an institution of education for the colored race ; which was, at the time, excluded from all the schools of higher educa- cation, excepting two or three, of which Oberlin was chief. Their admission into others, if admitted at all, was on such conditions as few persons of color would accept. This Bishop associated with himself Rev. James A. Shorter and Mr. John G. Mitchell, who was at that time Principal of a graded school in the city of Cincinnati. These three persons applied for, and obtained a new charter for Wilberforce, in the name of the A. M. E. Church, according to the general law of Ohio. Under this charter they organized a new Board of Trus- tess, and the school was reopened on the third day of July, 1863, by Professor John G. Mitchell. Only six children were present. They were put upon the study of elementary English. During the first ten months, the school gradually increased in members and progressed in knowledge. ■• The original Trustees consisted of twenty-four persons, four of ?lioni were colored. Professor Mitchell was aided by his wile, Mrs. Fannie A. Mitchell. At the opening of the spring of 1864, the increasing num- bers demanded another teacher, and Miss Esther T. Maltbv, of Oberlin, then a teacher in the schools of the American Missionary Society, at Portsmouth, Va., was secured as Lady Principal and Matron. She reached Wilberforce with a Greek testament in her hand. It was her traveling companion all along the jour- ney from Portsmouth to Xenia. This circumstance I am particular to mention, because the fact furnished us with a key to her character, as it seemed to have colored her whole life ever since. She was an excellent Greek and Latin scholar, a good mathemati- cian, and has no superior, that I ever saw, as a disciplina- rian. Zealous for the moral purity of the children and youths committed to her care, she labored da}^ and night to in- duce them to be Christians as well as scholars. The ordinary religious services of the Institution were not sufficient for her ; she, therefore, held an extra prayer- meeting every morning, from eight to half past eight o'clock, in which she read the Holy Scriptures, exhorted, sang, and prayed with those who were willing to attend her meetings, and succeeded in leading many from their vices, to live an upright life; among whom was a very playful and mischievous lad, by the name of Thomas H. Jackson, who united with the College church, graduated from the Theological Department of the University, .filled the chair of Ecclesiastical Histoi-y, Pastoral Theology, and Homilet- ics foi- two years at Wilberforce; served in the pastorate of a large church at Columbia, South Carolina, for three years, and at the last annual meeting of the Trustees was re-elect- ed to fill the same chair. THE CATASTROPHE OF 1865. * Professor Mitchell had been constrained, by the wants of the school, to go Out as a financial agent. TIk^ management of the school was left solely to MissMaltby, and, und(M(iod, it was increasing in numbers and po])ularity. The progress of the students was commendable, and class- es were formed in Greek, Latin, and the lower Mathematics. Everything indicated a prosperous future, when suddenly the buildings were set on fire by incendiaries. Within half an hour, the beautiful edifice was nothing but smolder- ing embers. The catastrophe fell upon us like a clap of thunder in a clear sky. It was a time of lamentation for our friends, and rejoicing for our enemies. Said one of the latter, " Now their build- ings are burned, there is no hope for them. " Another said, " I wish lightning from heaven would burn down Wilber- force. " This one supposed his impious prayer was more than answered. But we believed and said, " Out of the ashes of the beau- tiful frame building, a nobler one shall rise. " Mr. Mitch- ell had gone to Xenia, with almost all the students, to wit- ness the celebration of the fall of Richmond. Two obstreperous female students were detained on the grounds by way of. punishment for acts of disobedience. I was attending Conference at Baltimore, and Miss Maltby was left alone. No, she was not alone. As God was with Daniel in the lion's den, and with his three brethren in the fiery furnace, so was He with her in the trouble at Wilber- force. Without filtering, one of the cottages was converted into a school room, and the scholars taught therein, till the last of June, which terminated the academic year; after which, all the students from abroad went home. The majority of the advanced students never returned, but went to other institutions. Those who preferred Wilber- force, came back the next autumn. Meanwhile, we began to mature our plans for re})uilding. The result is before the country. The edifice will be finished and dedicated next sunmier, and will be a larger, finer, and nobler edifice than the former. As respects the school, it passed through severe trials. Miss Midt))y"s nervous system was so afi'ected by the (catastrophe, ilia.t foi' twelve months she was unfit for labor, and nevei- rctuined. She is now a missionary in Asia Mi- nor, in the service of the A. B. C. F. M. Professor Mitchell was compelled to be in the field, soliciting funds to aid us in rebuilding, and, therefore, for a season, the management of the school fell upon our most advanced student, Mr. J. P. Shorter, who acted his part nobly, until we were able to secure the services of competent Professors, who were soon found in the persons of Professor Theodore E. Suliot, Pro- fessor William Kent, and Miss Sarah J. Woodson. OPENING OF THE DEPARTMENTS. The Theological and Classical were opened in the au- tumn of 1866; the Scientific in 1857; the Normal in 1872. Graduates have gone forth from all these Departments, except the Law, and only three from that have been put upon the study of Law. GRADUATES FROM THE THEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT. Rev. John F. Janifer, B. D 1870 Rev. Thomas H. Jackson, B. D 1870 Rev. Isaiah H. Welch, B. D 1870 Rev. Benjamin F. Lee, B. D 1872 Rev. George T. Robinson, B. D 1872 Rev. Charles Edward Herbert, B. D 1872 Rev. John W. Beckett, B. D 1872 Rev. Henry A. Knight, B. D 1875 Rev. John Coleman, B. D 1875 Rev. John G. Yeiser, B. D 1876 Rev. George C. Whitfield, B. D 1876 FROM THE CLASSICAL. Mr. Joseph P. Shorter, A. B 1871 Mr. Samuel T. Mitchell, A. B 1873 Mr. Alexander Dumas Delany, A. B 1873 Miss Mary E. Davis, A. B 1874 Miss Julia A. Shorter, A. B 1873 Mr. Samuel R. Bailey, A. B 1874 Mr. Andrew T. Bowles, A. B 1876 FROM THE NORMAL. Miss Almira Copeland, B. E 1873 Miss Virginia Copeland, B. E 1873 Miss Maggie E. Crable, B. E 1873 Miss Carrie L. Jenkens, B. E 1873 Miss Ella J. Greene, B. E 1873 Miss Elizabeth W. Baker, B. E 1876 FROM THE SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT. Miss Lottie P. Harris, B. 8 1872 Miss Hallie Q. Brown, B. S 1873 Miss Mary E. Ashe, B. S 1873 Miss Caroline Z. Jenkins, B. S 1875 Miss Zelia R. Ball, B. S 1875 SUCCESSION OF PRINCIPALS, PROFESSORS AND TEACHERS UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE CINCINNATI CONFERENCE OF THE METHODIST E. CHURCH. I. Rev. M. P. Gaddis, Principal ; Mrs. M. P. Gaddis, As- sistant, about six months. II. Professor James K. Parker, Principal; Mrs. James K. Parker, Matron; Miss Maggie Baker, Teacher of Music; Miss Mary J. Allen, Teacher of English, about two years. . III. Rev. Richard S. Rust, D. D., President ( Wesleyan Uni- versity), Professor of Theology and Mental Science ; George W. Mendell, A. M., (Wesleyan University^, Professor of Languages and Natural Sciences ; Mary J. Allen (Wes- leyan Academy), Preceptress, Teacher of French and Math- ematics ; Sarah J. Woodson (Oberlin), Teacher of English Department ; Adelaide Warren (Oberlin), Teacher of In- strumental and Vocal Music. Professoi- Wendell was siicceiMled \>y Profes.sor Pliny S. Boyd, A. B., Oberlin. Miss Warren was succeeded by Miss Biffington, New York; and Miss Allen was succeeded Uy Miss Isabella Oakley. SITCCESSTON UNnEK THE AUSPICES OF THE A. M. E. CHTTRCH, FROM 1863-65. Right Rev. D. A. Payne, D. D., President (Gettysburg Theo- logical Seminary), Professor of Christian Theology, Mental Science, and Church Government. John G. Mitchell, A. M., (Oberlin), Professor of Greek, Latin and Mathematics. Miss Esther T. Maltby, A. B., (Oberlin), Lady Principal, Matron and Secretary of Faculty. Mrs. Fannie A. Mitchell (Oberlin), Assistant Teacher and Head of Intermediate Department. FROM 1866 TO 1868. Right Rev. D. A. Payne, D. D., President (Gettysburg Theological Seminary). Professsor John G. Mitchell, A. M., (Oberlin). Rev. William Kent, M. D., (England), Professor of Natural Science. Theodore E. Suloit, A. M. (Edinburgh, Scotland), Profes- sor of Latin and French Literati'ire, and Adjunct Professor of Mathematics. Miss Sarah J. Woodson, Oberlin, Preceptress of English and Latin, and Lady Principal and Matron. Miss Woodson was succeeded by Miss Josephine Jackson, B. S., Adrian, Michigan. FROM 1868 TO 1869. This year finds Bishop Payne still acting as President, but not as a Professor, the Theological Department being managed wholly by Rev. Henry C. Fry, A. M., Oberlin. Professor John Smith, Oberlin, succeeded Professor Mitch- ell, and Mrs. Messenger succeeded Miss Josephine Jackson. Rev. Thomas H. Jackson, B. D., Wilberforce University, Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Homiletics and Pastoral Theology. William B. Adams, Amherst, A. M., I'rol'cssor of'CJreek and Natural Science. Right Rev. R. G. Mortimer, Professor of Latin, Greek, Exegesis, and Adjunct Professor of Mathematics. Dr. Wilson, Teacher of the Hebrew Language and He- brew Exegesis. Roswell Howard, A. M. B. L., Professor of T^aw. Honorable .John Little, Professor of Law. Mrs. Alice M. Adams, Holyoke, Lady Principal, Matron and teacher of English; who was succeeded by Miss Emma L. Parker ; who was succeeded by Miss Leonore Congdon. Miss Parker was of the Wesleyan Female Seminary, Ox- ford, Ohio; Miss Congdon of Oberlin. FROM 1870 TO 1876. Bishop Payne is still the President. Professor Jackson was succeeded by Rev. B. F. Lee, Wilberforce University. Benjamin H. Sampson, A. M., Oberlin, succeeded Profes- sor Mortimer as Professor of Latin, Greek and Mathematics, and Secretary of the Faculty. Rev. Benjamin F. Lee is in turn succeeded by Professor Thomas H. Jackson, and Professor Sampson's chair is now- filled by Professor Joseph P. Shorter, the first graduate from our Classical Department ; at the same time Miss Mc- Bride is succeeded by Miss Ella J. Greene, in all things ex- cepting the Languages. OUR METHODS in the Classical and Mathematical Department, are the same as generally obtain in American colleges. In the Normal, we have the methods of Oswego. In the practicing schools of the Normal Department there is noth- ing peculiar but our manner of teaching Orthography and Orthoepy ; here we employ analysis , that is to say, imme- diately after a pupil has spelled a word, he is required to tell how many letters, how many vowels, and how many consonants it contains, then to give the quality and quan- tity of every vowel, and to distinguish the characteristics of the sub-vocals, and the aspirates. \\ (' ilcciti \\\\> tlir licst iiiflhiiil (if tc;icliin;i the ;ir1 ot' s|i('lliiiL;'; Ix'causc it is the most t iioi'oiioli ; ;i,n(,l also because, when the |>rJiiei])Ie is coiit inuall y'applied, and the haV)it is formed, in subsequent life tlii' iiidivichial will be satisfied with nothing short of a tlioroiioli knowledo(' of (ini/ ol>jr'H which he may undertake to scrutinize ,■ or (im/ xiihjrcl /ir mai/ hfci'iii 1(1 iiiiy'sf/(/ah . In our 'riieolo2, the wings are 40 l)y HO. This building contains eight recitation and one lecture rooms, one art and one music room, one library, and a large hall, to be fitted up for a museum. It has also five dormitories, with forty bed rooms, and sleeping accommodations for eighty ])ersons. The basement contains fifteen rooms, which embrace tlie kitchen, pantry, store i-oonis, dining hall, laundry and sleeping apartnients for all connected with the culinar}' and laundry work. When the dormitories and cottages are filled, students often find conifortahle accommodations in this commodious bas<'nient. on; LIIJKAKV ANJ) MUSEUM. The library contains aljout o,()00 bound volumes and o(H) {)ann)hlets. The most of them are useful. Among these are few books of icference. Wc have none that can be con- sidered as rare. Our museum is so small that we call it nothing more than the neuclus of a future one. OKATEFUL RECOLLECTIONS OE BENEVOLENCE. Before concluding thit> historical sketch, it seems projjcr to make a grateful record of those who generously aided us, when we most needed theii' assistance to make our very ex- istence an un(juestionable fact, for at that time some of our own short-sighted ite()])le, for whose s])ecial benefit we have always planned and executed, had formally denied it. In March, INHo. our tViends of the Cincinnati Conference of the Methodist Einsco])al Church sold us the ]>roperty for its indebtedness, which was SIO.OOO. a,nd that, too, at the time when the agent of the State of Ohio stood anxious to buy it at a much lai'gcr |)riccfor an asyluuLand from others they ctaild have obtained tVoni one to two-thii'ds more than we were able to give. Their liberality placed a valuable seat of learning, with at least .1f!l,(H)0 Avorth of furniture, within our reach, and therefore we ought to be grateful. In 1.S(I7-')a. In 1S(;7 wc had ei'ected the western vying of our edifice; l)ut its walls were not onlv unpictured and its fioors un<-at])et<'(l. they were ii ir/jhix/nrd aiid roi^ili ; iiJI <(riniii,125, wliicli was paid to the agent as percentage. Concerning our 1)euefactors, whose earthly career haiS been finished, ire hoju they may " be rewarded at the resurrection of the just." Concerning those who are still living, ire pray that they and theirs may never lack a friend nor aid in the time of need or the day of adversity. COLLEGE SOCIETIES. The " Society of Inquiry on Missions " was organized by the President, for the purpose of collecting information con- cerning Christian Missions from all sources, foreign and domestic, and to cultivate the spirit of missions in the Theological students for whose special benefit the organiza- tion was brought into existence. Since then other persons have been admitted to membership, but the extension of this privilege to persons not members of the Theologi(;al Department has, in some respects, damaged the original character of the Society. The Soldalean Society was organized by the students, the present Professor Shorter, then a student, being their leader. It is a debating clul). Its design is mutual improvement in composition, dis])Utation and oi'atory. Outside of the Institution, but connected with it l)y l)onds of earnest friendship, is tbe " ( -ollege Aid Society," consist- ing cliietly of married ladies, and some of the oldest femah' students. Its aim is declared in its name. This Society came into existence through the wants of the College, and has rendered signal services to the University in times of embarrassment. •' Wilberforce I'nivei-sity Endowment Association,"" out- side of the Institution, consists cliiefiy of ministers and laymen of the Oliio, Pittsburgh and Kentucky Conferences, who are earnest workers in its behalf, and connected witli it bv a friendshi]! as sincere as it is earnest. //^ ohjcct is tin pernKiiienf eiidoiiuii/iif of PrufcsxorxJu jis mi'l srhohi I'sln iis. HoAiM)iN(; K.Acii.rriKs. Stu<-r week. A Boardinn- Clult. c.oiisistiiig of the students, including both sexes, is called ''The Mutual Relief Association." Board is furnished by this club for .Sl.oO per week. The ill ft id f km fee is So. 20, including the first week's board, so that the first month's board will cost a new member $7.50; after that, only $(100 pci- month. It was first managed i)y a Steward, a Secretary and a Treasure!-, elected from among themselves ; but at the end of every year they were in- volved in debts. At the end of three years, it was found that their management was ruinous; since then it has been gratuitously managed by one of our Professors, who has not only kei»t the Club out of del)t, l»ut has had a surplus for it at the end of the college year. They hire a cook, but take tui'n to wait upon themselves at table, and thereby reduce their expenses to the iiu'viiiiaiii. The young men do the heavier ])art of the work, the young women the lighter. SOURCES OF INCOME AM) PRESENT CONDITION. As respects endowment of Professoi'shi])s, we have none, As res})ects scholarships, we have an endowment of $2,300, which yields assistance to two students, giving each the sum of $70.50 annually. Ten thousand dollars of the Avery estate have been set ai)art for our benefit, and the interest, at a ])er cent., jtaid ovei' to us semi-annually. Our Church Treasury yields us an average of $l,tK)0 annually : tuition fees and rents, amounting to about $5,000 annually : bonds in the M^estci'n Cnion Telegraph Company, and the rail- road between Pittsburgh and Clev(^laud. be(|Uea.thed by the late Chief Justice Chase, amounting to SIO.O(X): but this is at ])resent not availal»le. Moi-ally and intellectually, T be- lieve we com])ai-e favorably with similai' institutions. We have a church within the University. l»y means of which the moral and religious character of the students are bene- ficially affc<'te(|. so that many who come to us uttcrh- care- less ol' their s|)iritiial w ell-hi'i ng. |e;i\c us as caTuest C'hris- tians. In this cliurch we liavealsoa weil-niaiia.ged Sunday sch(M)l. tauiiht 1)\- the Professors and advanced students. ]n the .\(>i-iiial I >('|iMvl iiicnt ;irc. .1 iiniors 4 ♦ •■ Seniors 1 " Classicjil ■■ S(»]»li()iii(>f('s 1 •hiniors 1 Seuioi's I " Tlieolotiical " Freshmen (> " " •' Sophomores 2 " " '' Seniors 2 " Theoli'al l)e|i'tm't. in ditierent stages ol' |)re])arat"n. 2(1 ■' Scientific Department, are Sophomores 2 " " " Juniors 1 ■■ Training School, of diflt'erent grades -30 '' Difterent stages of English studies 4() Total *127 SVTMMARY OK BESITLTS FROM ISHo To 187<). Fully to appreciate the results of our eliorts, it h? necessary to remember, first, that the 10th of March, 1876, will he just thirteen years since we ]iurchased the real estate of Wilher- force Uni verity, at a cost of 010,000 : and the end of July, 187lc ;iii(l useful cinplovnicnf of tlic pulpit, and tlic scIkioI nKun. Three have been electci'obahle expense of commencing a ])ublic school." Invited by these Trustees. . Dr. Samuel (t. Howe, the Directoi- of the New Knglaiid Institution foi' the Blind at Boston, visited this State, and on the 2Hd of December, 18;^)H. addressed tlic Legislature, and exhibited the |»ro- ticicncy of some of the pu))ils of that Institution. The TiHistees t(M»k iiieasures to ascertain t\w iiunil)er ol" Blind in the State. From fifty-nine counties 287 were re- l)oi-ted, and it Avas estimated that at least sixty of these were proper persons to receive instruction. On the od of April, 1S:\7. an Act was jtassed establishing the Institution, and the same Hoai'd of Trustees ai>pointed to secure land, commence the huilding and go on with the school. The Ti'ustees did as directed, and having rented suitable rooms, and secured Mr. A. W. Pennimari, who Avas educ^ated at the New England Institution, as teacher, on the 4th of •luly. 17, o])ened the school. Five pupils wei"e ])resent. H(4ore the close of the year there were eleven. A\] act Avas passed tlic lUth of March. bSHS, Hxing the tuition and board at one hundi'ed and twenty dollars a year, and allowing the admission of twelve indigcmt ])U])ils, who should be boarded and instructeil at thee.\])ense of the State for five years. By Act of March Uth, 1S4;>. the 'I'l-ustees were authorized to, admit five as many ]>U])ils as tliev thought proi)er, to continue two years longer those whom they thought too young to be dismissed, and to admit free inS, when lie was elected Superintendent of the New York State Institution for the Blind, at Batavia, New York. At Dr. Loi-d's resignation, (J. L. Sniead was ap})ointed Superintendent, and continues in office at the present date, Fehruary, 187(1. The cost of huildings, land, and otliei' permanent im- provements up to this date, has been about !$4(>1,8()1.52. Thirty-nine annual reports have been made u\) to No- vember, 1875. These show the total ex])ense of maintain- ing the Institution, including current expenses and salaries since it> establishment, to l»e .?711.425.82, foi- each vear an average of S18.241.H7. The whole numliei' of pupils admitted up to the present time is 874, an average of 22 each year. The Institution has had :)9 Trustees, (i Sui>eiintendents. 51 Teachers, 8 Stewards. 10 Matrons. 8 Assistant Matrons, 2 Housekeepers, and H Physicians. The old house proving too small to acconnnodate the in- creasing number of pupils, in the spring of ].S7(I a new building was connnenced. Its construction occupied foui' years, and May 21, 1874, it was first occujtied by the school. The old house could not accommodate more than 1(K) jtupils. The new iiuilding will lodge 250, or by ci-owding room can be made for oOO. The old house, including the out-buildings, cost alxtut !$84,40^).H4. The new building. includi)ig boilei' and coal house, cost S8H7,892.18. Tn 1887 the school was o|)ened. with one teach<'i' and five scholars. There ai'e now engaged in the Institution thir- teen teachers, six in the Literai'v department, three in Music, and four in the Industrial department, (^ne hun- (h'ed and fifty-tive pupils are now in attendance; 162 have been enrolled this term. In the Litei'ary department there are now classes pursu- ing the following' studies: Arithmetic, Reading, Spelling, Grammar, (Teograi)hy, Writing, Rhetoric, Natural Philoso- phy, History, Geometry, Mental Scieui-e, and Latin. In Music, instruction is given in singing, piano, organ, and violin, and in musical com])osition : an orchestra, also, is in constant training. The following trades and kinds of work are now taught in the ln.stitution : Broom-making, <'ane-seating, hand and machine sewing, bead-work, knitting and crocheting. The following ti'ades have been twught, l)ut are now discon- tiinu'd : Bi-ush-niaking, willow basket-making, mattress- making, hat braiding, shoe-nude ing, making mats, and carpet-weaving. According to our present law, l)liud and purblind persons between the ages of six and twenty-one nuiy be admitted, and allowed to renuiin till they ai-e twenty-one. Males over twenty-one may l)e receive|)()r1('(l at the puhlic expense. Some have failed, of course. Many })ersons with sight fail in the struggle of life, l^ut a tair average will show that the graduates of this Institution stand w(41 in the world as men an R THK EDUCATION OF THE DEAF AND DUMB, LOCATED ATJ [.COLUMBUS. The first movement made in the State of Ohio to estab- lish an Institution of its own, for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, was at Cincinnati in tlie year 1821. To what extent deaf mutes in the State had availed themselves of the educational advantag-es offered from 1817, by Eastern in- stitutions, is not definitely known. Freeman Burt, from Cincinnati, had entered the Hartford school in the spring of 1818, and had remained there three years and a half at his own expense. -Josiah Price, of Stark County, applied for legislative aid during the session of 1819-20, in sending his son to Hartford, and a bill was introduced to that effect by the appropriate committee, but it was never enacted. A pupil from Ohio was a member of the Philadelphia school in 1821. It was in the spring of this year, 1821, that an association of gentlemen was formed in Cincinnati " for establishing a school for the instruction of the Deaf and Dumb in this part of the Western country." Rev. James Chute was selected as Principal of the Institution, and sent to the American Asylum at Hartford to acquire the art essential to qualify him for the successful discharge of his duties. Mr. Chute, upon his arrival in July, was cordially received, and was offered every facility available. He spent but four months, however, in these preliminary studies — a period much too short for the acquisition of even tolera- ble skill. In December of the same vear, the association applied to the Legislature for an act of incorporation, under the name of " The Western Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb," and for pecuniary aid. The applica- tion was unsuccessful, on the ground that an Institution of this character, designed to meet the wants of the deaf and dumb of the State, should be centrally located. The interest thus awakened was fostered by a letter, un- der date of January 3, 1822, received by the Governor of the State from the Directors of the Philadelphia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, then recently organized. It states that " returns of the deaf and dumb have been made from the different counties of the State( Pennsylvania), ill accordance with a recent legal enactment, and what was apprehended by some is now reduced to a painful certainty — their number being found much greater than had been gen- erally supposed. This, we presume, will prove to be the case in our sister States, considering how much neglect such un- fortunate persons too often suffer, and the motive to con- cealment which their friends and ]3arents find in tlieir per- sonal feelings, when there is no prospect of giving them re- lief." The Directors describe at length the facilities which they have provided for the education of deaf mutes, and invite the attendance of pupils from Ohio upon the same terms as from their own State. They also invite the Leg- islature to make an annual appropriation, to be applied un- der the direction of the Governor, for the education of the deaf and dumb, "in some suitable and convenient Institu- tion." The invitation was not accepted. In the session of 1822-3, an act was passed requiring " the listers of the several townships in each county of the State, at the time of taking the enumeration of white persons, to ascertain the number of deaf and dumb, of all ages, and to return said lists to the Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas of said county." This enumeration, carefully taken, re- sulted in the return of four hundred and twenty-eight deaf mutes, not including Athens and Hamilton Counties, the latter being also the most populous county in the State. Two hundred and eighty-eight were returned as under twentv years of age. Of the whole number, 279 were returned as " poor," 66 as in " middling circumstances," 72 as in " good circumstances," and of 11 no report is given. It was plain that in the State at that time, possessing a population of about 600,000, at least 200 mute children of school age stood in need of education, and, furthermore, that without pecu- niary assistance, education, in the case of most, would be im- possible. The way was thus prepared for a successful efitbrt to estab- lish an Institution at the legislative session of 1826-7. The •Rev. James Hoge, I). I)., of Columbus, a gentleman to whom, excepting those within the Institution itself, the deaf mutes of the State are more indebted than to any other individ- ual, was the immediate agent in attaining this much de- sired object. Through the influence of Dr. Hoge, the be- nighted condition of the deaf and duml) was brought to the attention of Governor Morrow, and the result w^as a strong recommendation, in his message to the Legislature in the autumn of this year, to establish an Institution for their benefit. The subject was referred in the House to a select committee of three. An elaborate memorial, prepared by Dr. Hoge, and signed by a large number of prominent citi- zens, was presented to this committee, detailing, at length, the destitute condition of the deaf and dumb — the efforts that had been made in foreign countries, and recently in our own, for their relief — and the entire success that might be attained in their education. Some statements of the Tnemorial, with regard to the state of deaf mutes previ- ous to instruction, and their ignorance of spiritual and moral truths, were, at the time, received even by intelligent per- sons with much credulity, although observation and expe- rience have abundantly proved their correctness. A bill for incorporating the Institution Avas reported by the commit- tee, which passed both Houses, without serious opposition. The bill appointed a Board of Trustees, with the usual cor- porate j^owers — allowed them to hold property for the object specified — the annual income of which should not exceed S30,000; and provided for the suyjport of one pupil from each judicial circuit in the State, at an annual expense not exceeding $100 (to be paid out of the Literary Fund), and for a period not exceeding three years, the time generally fixed upon at the outset by the several States as the proper period for the education of the deaf and dumb. Before an actual organization was effected under this act of incorporation, there was a movement in a different part of the State that deserves mention. It was the opening of a school for deaf mutes in the town of Tallmadge, in Sum- mit County. The object seems to have been to supply an immediate want, rather than to establish a permanent In^ stitution. In the family of Mr. Justus Bradley, of this town, were three daughters who were deaf mutes. The sympathy of the citizens being excited in their behalf, it was found that there were in the neighboring townships a number of other individuals laboring under the same misfortune ; and it was determined to commence a school for their instruction. For this purpose a Board of Trustees was organized, consisting of Rev. John Keys, Elizur Wright, Garry Treat, A. C. Wright, Philo Wright and Alpha Wright. The school was opened in May, 1827, under the instruction of Mr. Colonel Smith, a deaf mute, who had been for six years a pupil in the Asy- lum at Hartford, and was continued two years. It con- tained in all eleven pupils, most of whom Avere afterAvard members of the school at Columbus. It was sustained by private charity, with the exception of $100 given it by the Legislature, in 1S2S, toward paying the salary of the teacher. The same bill also granted $100 for the next year, provided the school at Columbus did not previously go into operation. This last sum does not ayjyjear to have been flrawn from the treasury. The first Board of Trustees of the Institution at Colum- bus, under the act of incorporation, consisted of the follow- ing gentlemen : Rev. James Hoge, D. D., and Gustavus Swan, Esq., of Franklin County ; Thomas Ewing, Esq., of Fairfield CVauity ; Rev. William Graham, of Ross County : Rev. W^m. Bui'ton, of Pickaway C!ounty ; John H. James, Esq., of Champaign County ; Thomas D. Webb, Esq., of Trumbull County, and Samuel Clark, Esq., of Clarke Coun- ty. The Governor of the State was ex-officio President of the Board, and Dr. Hoge was chosen Secretary. They met and organized on the 9th of July, and their first report to the Legislature was made in December, 1827. In this re- port they estimate that, should an institution be opened, there is a reasonable prosj^ect, in the course of the year, of from fifty to seventy-five pupils. As the revenues of the State were, at this time, princi- pally engrossed in a great work of internal improvement — uniting the waters of Lake Erie with the Ohio River — the sources of income to meet the necessary expenses of the Institution were a matter of no small interest. Of these, three were proposed by the Trustees : 1st, a share in the Literary Fund ; 2d, an a])]^]ication to Congress for a town- ship of land ; 3d, opening a paper at the ofiice of the Coun- ty Clerk of each County for private subscriptions. The trustees close their repoi-t liy i-ecommending that, from a due regard for the welfare of the Institution and to pub- lic sentiment, as far as they can ascertain, it l)e located at Columbus, alleging that "Here it will be under the eye, and subject to the inspection, of the Legislature at all times ; and, also, that the facilities of intercourse and con- veyance which are collected at this point, render it more convenient to any point in this State than any other place'' — reasons which have lost none of their force by the lapse of time. By an act of the Legislature, passed .lanu- ary, 1829, the Institution was located at Columbus. The gentleman selected as Principal of the Institution was Mr. Horatio N. Hubbell, who -went to Hartford in March, 1828, to qualify himself for his new duties, and wbo remained there in the ])rosecution of his object about a year and a half. The school was opened October IB, 1829, in a small building, rented for the purpose, standing on the northwest corner of Broad and High streets. The building has since been removerl. A lady was employed to board the pupils at a fixed rate. The prospect at the opening was sufficiently discouraging. Only three pupils were present, and these were from the immediate vicinity. One of the three proved idiotic ; another was a boy of weak intellect, and not long afterward became hopelessly insane. Yet these were all that could be gathered, notMathstanding a circular, stating the objects of the school, had been pub- lished for some months previously in the principal parts of the ►:^tate. Before the close of the term, however, the num- ber of the pupils increased to ten, and in the course of the next year to twenty-two, and an assistant teacher was em- ployed at the commencement of the second year. After the schools were once in operation, the number of pupils began steadily to increase, and it was soon necessary to obtain other assistance in the department of instruction. The school subsequently removed to a building in the rear of the present Buckeye House, next to rooms in the old Court House, and next to No. 28 North Front street, where it remained until its removal to its permanent home upon grounds of its own, in lt)n a benevolent mind than to have been made the agent of effecting such a work. Mr. .1. Addison Cary, his successor, succumbed to an acute and painful disease, and died in less than a year. His emi- nent talents and genial qualities made his death to be deeply regretted. Rev. Collins iStone was in charge for eleven years, 1852-68. He brought to his work full acquaintance with the charac- teristics of deaf mutes, and superior skill in the art of their education. His knowledge of human nature was thorough, and his experience in affairs extensive. Cautious, yet bold. fertile in resources and prompt in execution, swayed at all times bv a conscientious regard for the duties of his posi- tion and by sympathy for mutes in their misfortune, social in his temperament, of polished manners, and the soul of honor, he united in a remarkable degree the qualities desir- able in his othce. Mr. (xeorge L. Weed, in charge three years, 1868-6, was occupied, in addition to the numerous cares incident to the control of a household of nearly two hundred persons, in the labors and influences preliminary to the enlargement un- dertaken in 1868, and made complete in 1868. His successor, and the present incumbent, was Mr. Gilbert O. Fay, who for ten years has had the task of developing and determining the routine life of a household at present numbering nearly five hundred persons, in quarters entirely new. The Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, the fifth in the country in the order of time, is yet, in another partic- uhir, the i-tkst. It was the first established u])on the im- portant and only true principle, that the entire expense of furnishing a complete education to the deaf and dumb should be defrayed by the State. Other vStates liave liber- ally and nobly made appropriations to su])poi"t their deaf mutes in private incorporations, granting a yearly stipend for this purpose — in some cases sufficient, in others not so. Ohio claims the honor of first providing adequate and gratuitous instruction for the deaf and dumb as a matter of plain and acknowledged duty. The nobleness of this act is not diminished by the consideration that, at the time of assuming this duty, the State had been in existence only twenty-five years , that three-quarters of its surface was cov- ered with the primitive forest ; that the great thoroughfares of commerce were not constructed, nor its system of com- mon schools in operation ; and that, while the taxes of the State were burdensome; its revenues were comparatively small. From a work commenced under such circumstances, the State, in her subsequent progress to wealth and great- ness, has shown no disposition to retreat. The material for this sketch, .so far as it a])plies to the first twenty-seven years of the history of the Institution, as well as the lanu;iia^i>-e in which it is descrihed, have heen largely derived from a sketch drawn u]) twenty-two years ago by Rev. Collins Stone, at that time Superintendent of the Institution. Tliis rcvisal and the filling out (»f the sketch as it stands have Ix-endoiu' l)ythe ])resent Su])erintendent. PRESENT OFFICERS OF THE INSTITUTION— 1876. trustees. Henrv F. Booth, Ansel T. Wali.inc^. Fhilkmon^ Hess. Super)vf('ii(Jriif — (-Jil!)ert O. Fay. TH E SCHOOL. INSTKUC'TORS. Acddeinir DcjHirtDicjif — Charles S. Ferry, M. A.. Alfred H. Hubbell, U. A. Grarinnar Dcparftnciit — John I). II. Stewart, Louisa K. Thomp.son. M. \h])\v Hyde, Sarah Noyes, Rol)ert Fatter- son, B. A. Primary Depart nunl — Flumlt M. Fark, Matthew (i. llaf- fington, Cassie H. Smith, Mary C. Bierce, Geo. W. Halse, Hannah Davis, Gertie Woofter, Ruth E. Hare, Adaline T. Evans, Kate Millikan, Sarah F. Ferry, M. Annie Byers, Lucy E. Brown, James M. Fark, B. \., Augustus B. Greener. Tforher of Arficii^dfimi — Ida W. Kes.sler. DOMESTIC DEPARTMENT. Van S. Seltzer, ^I. 1).. Fhysician; Frederic F. Wing, Steward; Charlotte A. Babl)itt, Matron; Mary Syler, Assist- ant Matron; Helen A. Rose, Assistant Matnm; Mary A. Kidder, Housekee])er. DEPARTMENT OF TRADES. Farley F. Fratt, Master of Shoe Shop; Charles B. Flood, Supervisor of Fublic Printing; Mitchell C. Lilley, Master of Book Binderv; Thomas Flood, Master of Printing Office. THE MANTAI, ALPHABP^T JOHN BARBIOK, ENO.. CIN,, O HISTORY OF TH1-: OHIO STATli ASYLIM KOK THK KDTCATION OF IDIOTIC & IMBECILE YOUTH To Ohio, through one of her citizens, l)(4ongs the credit of first directing public attention to tlie (devation of hliots in the United States. At a meeting of Medical Superin- tendents of Americ-an Institutions for the Insane, ludd in Philadeli)hia in 1.S44. Di-. Win. Awl, of Colinnlms, brouglit the matter before that l»ody, and a ("oniuiittcc was raised to considci' the sid)ject, from wiiom an al)le report was jtre- sented to the Association at a sul)se<|uent session in Wash- ington City, May, lS4(i. Institutions were soon estal>lishcd in s(^veral of the States. No legislati\(' action was had U})on tlic subject in Ohio until March, iSoO, wlicn a resolution, i)res(Mited l)y Hon. l-^inckney Lewis, of the Senate,, was passed, aj)]iointing Or. Han])ury Sniitli, tlieii Superintendent of the Ohio Lunatic Asylum, to rcpoi't at the next session of the (leneral As- sembly ii]ton bliocy and Idiot Instruction, as follows : " Fii'st, to maki' in(|uiry into the ex])<'diency of making jirovisions, im the part of the State, foi- tlie su])poi-t of the idiotic and imbecile portion of oui' ])opulation ; |)articu- larly it shall be his duty to i-eport the results of ex]ieri- ments already made, and now being made in the education of tln^ idiotic: also, the lunnber of this class of p(^pulation in Ohio: and, linally, into the economy (»f supporting and educating this class of our population in institutions ada]*ted to tlieii' case, as rompai-ed with tli«'ir support as at present provided." In .biiniary. lSo2. (lovenior Wood, iri liis annual message. directed the attention of the General Assembly to the duty of providing for the care, protection, and improvement of tlu' iniliecile and idiotic. Governor Woods" efforts were earnestly seconded by his successor. Governor Medill, who, in his annual message to the General Assembly in Janu- ary. lNo4. recommended that that unfortunate class be eml)raced within the range or l)cneficial operation of our benevolent institutions. In March, 1S.>4, Dr. X. S. Townsliend (at pi-esent and since the organization of this Institution one of its Trus- tees), then a mend)er of the Senate, to whom was referred so much of the (Governor's annual message as relates to the subject of Idiocy, made to the Senate a most interesting and aV)le rejiort. which was laid u})on the tal)le and ordered to V>e printed. During the year is.^i; pultlic attention was calhMi througli newspaper articles to the number of idiots in the State, their condition, and their ca})abilities for improvement, 1;)V Dr. R. .1. Patterson, who had for many years devoted him- self to the treatment of insjinity and mental diseases. A V)ill to establish an Asylum for Idiots was introduced in the House of Re})resentati ves by Hon. Ral]»h Plumb, but was ]t]-esented so near the close of the session that it was laid ovc)' for want of time to proj)erly considei' and act u])on it. In January. ISoT, Hon. Ho'man ("anticld. of the Senate, introduced a bill to establish an Asylum for the Education of Idiotic and Ind»ecile Youth. This bill became a law April 17. 1S.57. The institution was organized l)y the appointment of Hon. William Dennison, Hon. N. S. Townshend, and Hon. Asher Gook as Trustees. R.J. Patterson, M. 1)., was made Superintendent. A large dwelling house, opposite the In- stitution for the Blind, wjis rented, and the first pupil was admitted August o, 1857. Sixteen pupils were admitted the first year. During the three succeeding years the av- erage number of })upils was thirty. Hon. William Deunison having been elected (Governor, resigned his position on tlie Board of Trustees, and was succeeded l)y Hon. Herman Canfield, Novemlier lo, 1859. Dr. R. ■]. Patterson resigned the place of Superintendent November 15. 1X60, and was succeeded by Dr. G. A. Doren. the present Su])ei'intend(mt. The accommodations of the Institution wei-e increased to fifty pu])ils during the year 1861, which was tlx- nverage numl)er under care until the occu])ancy of tlie new build- ing in .luly. 1868. During the year bS62, Hon. Herman Canfield. wlio was killed at the Ijattle of Pittsburgh Landing, was succeeded U))on the Board of Trustees l)y Hon. Peter Hitchcock, and Hon. Asher Cook by .) . A. Lutz. Es(|. In 1864 tlie Legislature ])assed an .\ct to |irriu;ineiitly establisli the Asylum for Idiots, and a|)))ro})riated money for the ])urchase of a site, and the construction of ]»er- mancnt Iniildings. Work upon the liuildings was not commencci], Iiowcvcm'. until the autum of 18(v5. The new buildings were occupied in July. 186S. and were opened with 105 children. The number was increasetl to 150 in 1869 to 17<». in 1870 to 250, the extent of the capacity of the Institution in 1S7L The buildings were then enlarged. In 1S72. oOO ])Upils were aeconnnodated. Additions were again provided for. Dui'ing the year 187o. olO (children wei'e cared for ; in 1874, H51 : in 1875. 'MVA. The number now in the institution is 400. OFFICERS OF THE INSTITUTION. Triisftes — Hon. N. S. Townshend, M. I).. Columl)Us. Ohio; J. A. Lutz. Es(|.. Circhnille. Ohio; Hon. .Iohi> A. Shank, •Cincinnati, ( )hio. Super/' iitfiifhuif — (Justavus A. Doivn, M. D. Matron — Miss Harriet F'. Purple. A><>!i>!taiif Matron — Mrs. Sarah Lawrence. Hov,.^ekee.per — Miss Sarah Husted. Tf<(rher>: — Mrs. N. L. Doreii. Miss M. E. ('lift. Miss Emma Wilson, Miss Lucretia Lockwood, Miss L. Seymour, Mis^s ('. L. Gregory, Miss Mary A. Penfield, Miss Mary E. Wieks. Miss Anna McClrew, Miss Anna J. Pentield, Miss .1. Ricks. Miss Anna M. Clark, Miss Ella .1. Stocking. Miss S. P. Owens, Miss C. N. Allen. OF THE OHIO SOLDIERS' & SAILORS' ORPHANS' HOME At a Department Encampment of the Grand Army of Ohio, held at Sandusky, July 21.st, 1869, a resolution was adopted to provide a Home for the care and support of Soldiers' Orphans, of the State of Ohio. In accordance with this resolution, the Department Comman.der, General J. W. Keifer, appointed a Board of Managers, consisting of the following members : Rev. P. P. Ingalls, Toledo ; Gen- eral James Barnett, Cleveland; Hon. S. D. Griswold, Elyria; Colonel H. G. Armstrong, Cincinnati ; General George B. Wright, Columbus ; Major M. S. Gunkle, Dayton ; General B. F. Coates, Portsmouth. Three ladies were afterward added to this Board, namely: Mrs. Lucy W. W. Hayes, Columbus ; Mrs. Henrietta L. Monroe, Xenia, and Mrs. Rachel White, Springfield. At the same time. Chaplain G. W. Collier, of Fremont, was appointed to visit the different localities of the State and solicit funds for the education and support of such soldiers' orphans as might be collected together. This work Chaplain Collier zealously pursued, assisted by others, and, as the result of these efforts, some time in the follow- ing December, a Home for Soldiers' Orphans was opened at Xenia, Greene County, Ohio. For several months this In- stitution was sui)ported by voluntary contributions, until the number of inmates reached the aggregate of 125. Dur- ing this time it was conducted in two separate buildings, in the business portion of the above named city, and managed by Mrs. H. H. Edgeton, Matron, and efficient assistants. On the 14th of April, 1870, an Act was passed by the Ohio Legislature to establish an Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home, locating the same at the Ohio White Sul- phur Springs, Delaware, Ohio. Shortly after the passage of this Act, a Board of Managers, consisting of seven mem- bers, was appointed by the Governor, which met at Colum- bus, Ohio, April 21st, 1870, and organized by electing Gen. R. P. Buckland, President, and Colonel H. G. Armstrong, Secretary. At the same meeting this Board, having found that the children collected at Xenia, Ohio, were of the class which, by the Act already mentioned, should be educated and sustained by the State, adopted them, leaving them temporarily under the management of the officers whom the G. A. R. had apj^ointed, and whom we have already mentioned. • Shortly after this the Board visited and in- spected the property at the White Sulphur Springs, a portion of which they found occupied by the Reform and Industrial School for Girls. Although they found the buildings here totally unfit for an Orphans' Home, they addressed a communication to the Trustees of the Reform School, asking at what time they would give ])Ossession of such part of the pro])erty and buildings as had been set apart by law for an Orjihans' Home. Finding that posses- sion could only be obtained by a resort to legal proceedings, and being satisfied that the number of Soldiers' Orphans in the State entitled to the benefits sought to be conferred by the law establishing the Home could not be comfortably provided for here, the Board adopted the following resolu- tion : Whereas, In the ()i)inion of the Board the White Sul- phur Springs property will not accommodate comfortably and well all the children of deceased and disabled Soldiers and Sailors, of the class contemplated by the law of Ohio as orphans to be provided for at a Soldiers' and Sailors' Or- phans' Home ; therefore, Resolved, That in view of the al>ove ojiinion, the Board will accept and receive, under the law of the State, by do- nation or bequest, a suital)le tract of land, of the number of acres required l\v law, at a convenient and accessible point, with the necessary buildings and e(}iiipnients there- on, for the accommodation of not less than tAvo hundred and fifty orphans, and u})on such accei)tance open and es- tablish a Home for Ohio Soldiei's' and Sailors' ()r])hans as is prescribed by law. The Board of Managers again met April 29th, 1870, and elected Dr. L. D. Griswold, of Elyria, Ohio, Sujierintendent of the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home, the In- stitution still occupying the rented buildings in Xenia, already mentioned. Here it remained until August 25th, 1870, when it was removed to the property where it is now permanently located. This property, when conveyed to the State, consisted of one hundred acres of land, situated about one mile from the city of Xenia, with buildings sufficient to accommodate two hundred and fifty inmates. No more beautiful, healthy, or convenient location for an Institution of this chai-acter could have been found in the State. The property was purchased and buildings erected with funds contributed by the citizens of Greene County, and other portions of the State, and was duly conveyed to the State of Ohio in accordance with the requirements of the law. By means of subsequent State appropriations, the number of buildings at the Home has been greatly increased. It now boasts an elegant Administration and Domestic build- ing, twenty Cottages, or family buildings. Church, School- house, Hospital, Steam Laundry, and other buildings, in all sufficient to accommodate six hundred inmates, and the officers and employes of the Institution. All these hand- some and convenient buildings were planned by Captain Levi T. Scofield, of Cleveland, Ohio, the architect and superintendeiit of the work. The farm has been increased until now it contains 275 acres. On the removal of the Home to its present location, the plan was adopted of distributing the inmates into families, each family to occupy a separate building, or cottage, and to be presided over l)y a Matron, or C'ottage Manager, who should stand in the ])liice of Mother to the children under her cai'e. Three cottages had ab-eady been erected, which were immediately filled, and the number was afterwards increased to twenty. Each of these cottages was designed to accommodate thirty children, l)ut in some cases it has been found necessary to put one or two more than that number in a cottage. This plan of distribution is thought to l)e much i)referable to the congregate plan adopted by many Institutions of like character. At this time also the School Department was organized on the graded school plan. Itl)egan with four de])artments, and with the growth of the Institution increased to eleven. The schools are under the general supervision of the Home Superintendent, and are conducted by a Principal and lady assistants, numbering at first five, now ten. Here are all the grades usually found in the town schools of the State, and in addition a department of Telegraphing, conducted by a practical o|)erator, who instructs from thirty to forty pupils daily in this useful branch of business. The whole course of study in the schools is sought to be made as prac- tical as possible, and in the High School especially nmch attention is paid to Book-keeping, and such other studies as shall be of practical use to the ])upils in nfter life. All inmates of the Home six years of age and over are required to attend school. The present number enrolled is five hundred and fifty. Since the organization of the School Department there have been emi)loyed two Principals, and twenty-six assistant teachers. Dr. L. D. (Iriswold, the first Superintendent of the Home after its adoption by the State, was retained in this position four years. In the spring of 1874, the Ohio Legislature repealed the law of 1870, under which the Home was established, and reorganized under a new law, the Governor appointing a new Board, consisting of five members, of which General Durbin Ward, of Lebanon, Ohio, was elected President, and Jacol) Haynes, of Bellebrook, Ohio, Secretary. This Board met Mav lotli, 1874, and elcctcil Dr. A. E. -Tenner, of Crest- line, Ohio, Superintendent. Dr. Jenner resigned the Sup- erintendency, October 21st, 1874, and one month after that time the Board appointed Hon. W. P. Kerr, of Granville, Ohio, to the position, who is the present Superintendent of the Home. The State Legislature of 1875 passed an Act authorizing the Board of Managers and Superintendent of the Home to provide some plan by which the inmates could be in- structed in some useful trades, and appropriated the sum of S5,0(X) for this purpose. In accordance with this pro- vision, during the following summer, shops of various kinds were fitted up and put in charge of competent me- chanics. In these shops nearly one hundred children are daily instructed in useful trades. The children in these shops spend a portion of the day in school. Shops for the following substantial trades are now established and in successful operation, namely : Carpentering, Blacksmith- ing, Tinning, Tailoring, Shoemaking, Printing, Dressmak- ing, and several others of no less importance. Since the opening of the Home there have been admitted 1,087 children. Of this number 615 are still inmates. Four have been sent to the Imbecile Asylum at Columbus, Ohio, and nine to the Reform Farm at Lancaster, Ohio. Twenty have died at the Home. Of the remainder, the greater part have been honorably discharged. Some have been removed by their friends, and a few having run away, and not being returned, have dropjied from the rolls. The age at which the children are required by law to leave the Home is sixteen. In all this army of children we find as great a variety of tastes and inclinations, and as large a proportion of minds of brilliant jiromise, as in the same number of children in our city or town schools. Those who, by the conditions of the law, are early forced into the battle of life, are for the most i)art fighting their way manfully. Many are already filling positions of trust and responsibility. Some are striving to complete a college course. It is earnestly to be ho]?ed that all may make an honest and useful if not a brilliant future, uiid thut each may acconiplisli to the best of his ability the work for which he is peculiarly fitted. Below we give a list of those who have served on the Board of Managers of the Institution since its adoption by the State. MEMBERS OF THE BOARD UNDER THE LAW OF 1870. R. P. Buckland, President, Fremont, Ohio; James Bar- nett, Cleveland, Ohio; J. Warren Keifer, Si)ringfield, Ohio; B. F. Coates, Portsmouth, Ohio ; Barnabas Burns, Mansfield, Ohio ; M. F. Force, Cincinnati, Ohio ; J. S. Jones, Delaware, Ohio; A. Trader, Xenia, Ohio. Secretaries of the Board — H. G. Armstrong, Cincinnati, Ohio ; R. P. Findley, Xenia, Ohio. MEMBERS OF THE BOARD UNDER THE LAW OF 1874. Durbin Ward, President, Lebanon, Ohio ; J. W. Keifer, Springfield, Ohio; George Keifer, Troy, Ohio; Oscar White, Toledo, Ohio. Secretary — Jacob Haynes, Bellel:)rook, Ohio. WESTERN OHIO HOSPITAL FOR THE IXSANE Dayton, Ohio, February 28, 1876. To the Hon. C. H>. Smart, Slate Commissioner of Common Schools of Ohio. Dear Sir: — In compliance with a request of the State Board of Centennial Managers, I herewith submit to you the following brief history of the "origin., progress and present condition" of this Institution : The Western Ohio Hospital for the Insane, formerly known as the Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, at Dayton, is a Benevolent State Institution, built under an Act passed by the General Assembly, April 30, 1852, "To provide for the erection of two (2) additional Lunatic Asylums in the State of Ohio;" with the necessary appropriation of funds to carry out the same. The main building, with a wing three (3) stories high, or one section with three (3) wards on either side, was com- pleted and opened for the reception of patients September 1, 1855, with a capacity to accommodate one hundred and sixty (IGO). In the spring of 1866, an additional appropriation was made by the State Legislature, and the Board of Trustees directed to enlarge the building by extending the wings two (2) sections on each side, in accordance with the original design. The work upon the new addition was commenced during the summer of 1866, and was completed in the fall of 1868. The basement, which extends under the entire buildinof, is built of stone, and the superstructure of brick. The build- ing is well arranged for its purpose, and substantially con- structed, with moderate regard for architectural aj^pearance, but no elaborate ornamentation. The central, or administration building, is four (4) stories high, and the wings are three (3) stories; in all eight hun- dred (800) feet long, and in a good state of repair. There are nineteen (19) halls, or Avards, nine (9) of which are for males and ten (10) for females, caj)able of comforta- bly accommodating five hundred and fifty (550) inmates, and by uncomfortable crowding, as at "present a matter of neces- sity, six hundred (600) can be cared for. The halls, corridors, sitting-rooms and dormitories are well lighted and ventilated, well and comfortably furnished, according to grade, and are made as pleasant and homelike as can well be. At present patients are admitted from thirty-two (32) counties, composing the Hospital District, but the number of counties in the District will be reduced to twenty (20) at the completion of the Hospital for the Insane at Columbus. The location of the institution is well chosen, on the high lands near the city of Dayton, at an altitude of two hundred (200) feet above the Great Miami river, overlooking tKe city, valley and surrounding country, and is remarkable for its heathfulness and salubrity. About one hundred and seventy (170) acres are included in the grounds, gardens and farm, and are under a high state of cultivation and adornment, with a bountiful supply of pure water. The total cost of lands and improvements approximated $520,000. This — as all similar institutions of the State — is under the charge of a Board of three (3) Trustees, appointed by the Governor of the State, with the advice and consent of the Senate. By the Board of Trustees the institution is put mider the immediate supervision aud control of a Medical Superintendent, with a staff of two (2) Assistant Physicians, Steward, Matron and Druggist, all of whom reside in the building. The supervisors, night watches, attendants, nurses and other employes in and about the Hospital, and on the grounds and farm, number about eighty (80) persous. An idea of the extent and success of the operations and 'usefulness of the institution can be gained from the fol- lowing statement, to wit: Since the opening of the Hos- pital up to the close of the fiscal year, November 15, last — a fraction of time over twenty (20) years — 3,818 patients were admitted and treated, of whom 1,892 were males, and 1,92G were females. Of the whole number received 1,835 were discharged as having recovered; 957 of whom were males, and 878 were females. 273 were discharged as having im- proved ; 434 unimproved ; 252 were transferred to other hospitals; 428 died, and 600 remained in the Hospital at the close of the year for care and treatment. The inmates are maintained, and all the expenses ot the institution are defrayed by the State, at an annual cost vary- ing but little from $100,000. The present officers are as follows: BOARD OF TRUSTEES. A. G. McBurue^', Esq., President Lebanon, Ohio. E.B.Harrison, M. D Napoleon, " Thomas A. Legler, Secretary Dayton, " RESIDENT officer; BIEDICAL SUPERINTEXDEKT, JOHN H. CLARK, M. D. ASSISTAX'T PHYSICIANS, L. R. LANDFEUR, M. D., JOHN iM. CARR, M. D. STEWARD, FREDERICK SCHUTTE. MATRON, MRS. E. J. CLARK. Respectfully yours, JOHN II. CLARK. OHIO GIRLS' INDUSTRIAL HOME. This is a State Institution, created by Legislative Act, May 5th, 1x])eriment, as it was then con- sidered. Its object, and the class of girls for wliich it is designed, are shown in the first section of the law by which it was established: " That there shall be established, on land con- veyed to the State of Ohio for that purpose, a school for the instruction. eni])loyment, and reformation of exposed, help- less, evil-disposed, and vicious girls." The limit of age is " above the age of seven, and under the age of sixteen years;" the commitment being by the Probate Court of the county where the girl is found. The limit of detention is till tiic girl is eighteen years of age; though she may l)e indentui'cd oi- discharged at any time previous, l)y the Tmstees, at their discretion. Soon after the enactment of the law establishing the Home, the Governor, Hon. Rutherford 1>. Hays, ap]>ointed as Trustees, Frederick Meirick and Al^raham Thompson, of Delaware ; ^1. I)» Leggett, of Zanesville ; Clark Waggoner, of Toledo, and Stanley Matthews, of Cincinnati. Initiatory steps were iiniiicdialcly taken by th(Mii, on their organiza- tion, for tlic purchase ol' the sj)ecified property, knt»wn as the " Wliite Sulphui' S])rings," situated in Delaware county, on tlie west bank of the Scioto river, about nine miles southwest of the city of Delaware. The location is retired, but very pleasant antl salubrious, having been oc- ciipied for many years as a wat('ring-i)lace. Among the sjjrings on the ])remises are the White Sulphur, Clialy- beate, Saline Chalybeate, and Magnesia. The buildings were of wood, extensive, but not commodious, or ada})ted to winter use. The Trustees appointed Dr. John Nichols, of Chardon. (leauga county, Sui)erintendent, and Mrs. Mary E. Nichols, Matron, for the three years ensuing. The institution was formally opened October loth, 1S69, and the first inmate received the 4th day of November following. The growth from the inception was not rapid, but healthful and satis- factory, and in a little moi-c tluui three years the Home numbered 150 girls. At this time (Fcl)ruary -I-ith, bSTo, ) a disastrous tire de- stroyed all the buildings occupied upon the premises for their use, and was a serious (dieck uijon the progress of the institution, from which it has not fully recovered. Since that time four substantial bric-k structures have been erected, much better iidapted to the ])urpose designed than their predecesscn's. At the opening of the Centennial year there were on the roll, 295; in tlie Home, ISO. Tlu' girls are divide(l into families of thirty each, and each family under the united care of an Assistant Matron, a teacher, and a liousekeei)er, where they are thoroughly instructed in domestic economy, needlework, etc. One-half of each day is regularly spent in school, under comjx'tent teachers. The ])ri)gi-ess of the girls in the difl'erent departments of instruction is very t'ncouraging, and the results, as far as attained, (piite satisfactory. Fidl two-thirds of those dis- ehargeil bid t'air for usefulness and res[)ecta,liility. Some ai'e respectablv married, some are in sctiools fitting theujselves tor greatei' usefulness, -while many others are earning honorable competency by useful domestic sei'vice in families. In the (■stiinatioii of those best (qualified to judge, the Home has ])roved an undoubted success. The Board of Trustees, as now organized, consists of Frederick Merrick, President, Delaware; Abraham Thom- son, Secretary, Delaware; M. F. Cowdery, Sandusky; V. D. ►Stayman, Delaware; J. K. Newcomer, Marion. Svjteriufciulenf — Dr. John Nichols. Matron— Mi-f^. ^larv E. Nichols. OHIO REFORM FARM SCHOOL, In the year LSoC, the rveuislature of Ohio, in view of the ahmning evils of juveniU^ deHn(|uency, a|)pointed a com- niision of three gentlemen — consisting of Hon. Charles Reni- elin, of Cincinnati, Hon. J. A. Foot, of Cleveland, and.]. T>. r^add, Esq., of Steuhenville, to visit the Reform Schools and Houses of Refuge of the country, and to report a plan for a Reformatory for the State of Ohio. In the })erformance of this duty, they visited and cai'efully examined the Houses of Refuge of the different States, and found them all con- ducted upon the congregate or walled-in system. ( )ne of the Commissioners, Hon. C. Remelin, being called to Europe on ))riva.te business, devoted much time and care in the exam- ination of the Reformatories of Oreat Britain, also of the Con- tinent. His visits to the colony of Mettray, in Fi'ance, the Rauhe Haus, in Germany, and Red Hill, in England, caused him to strongly recommend the adoption of the Family System for the Ohio Reformatory. The other mendjevs of tlu^ commission I'cadily concurred with Mr. Remelin in his views, and a unanimous report was presented to the Legis- lature in favor of the system, which was at once adopted by that body, and an approj)riation of S1"),0()0 was made, with which the Commissioners were instructed to j)urchase not less than one thousand acres of land, upon which to estal)- lish tlie scliool. Addressing themselves earnestly to the work, several localities in different parts of the State, where land was f)ffered, wen^ visited, and after mature delil)era- tion, a tract of 1,17<> acres was selected in Fairlidd Countv and piircliased. The Board, in all of their l)iisiuess trans- actions, had the approval and enunsel of Sahuon P. Chase, who was then (governor of Oliin. LOCATION AND DKSCKII'TloN oK THIO 1 Ai;M. The Ohio Kefor]u Fai'ni Seliool is located upon a farm of 1,170 acres, six miles south of Lancaster, Fairfield County, Ohio, and thirty-six miles southeast of Columbus, Ohio. Lancaster is the nearest railway station to the institution, and is reached by the Muskingum ^"alley and Hockino; Val- ley Railroads, both of which pass through that city. The Farm is situated on the "Hocking Hills," at an elevation of about Q0() feet above the Hocking Valley. The climate at this altitude is delightful and healthful, and the scenery is beautiful. The soil is thin and unproductive, being com- posed of clay and sand, and underlaid at a depth of from six to eight feet with sand-rock. The timber consists mostly of a small growth of pine, oak and chestnut. About one-fourth of the Farm is sufUciently level to admit of cultivation with the plow — the balance consists of blufi's, slopes and ra- vines — a portion of which may profitably be converted into vineyards. About 500 acres of the land have l^een cleared, the balance being covered with a thick growth of under- brush and small timber. The Farm, while not productive as a grain and grass producing farm, is very well adapted to the growth of many kinds of fruit, especially the peach. In consequence of the pure, dry atmosphere, grapes of sui)e- rior (juality can also be produced. The orchards, including tlie vineyards and small fruits, now cover about two liun- dred and fifty acres, the remainder of the cleared i:)orti()n lac- ing devoted to gardening, the raising of farm products and pasturage. The peach orchard covers 130 acres of land ; the apple orchard, 50 acres ; pears and cherries, 15 acres; straw- berries and other small fruits, 10 acres; and the vineyards, 45 acres. The fruit plantations are. enlarged from year to year. Fruit growing, gardening, and the raising of nursery trees has been found very jtrofitable employment for the elev;iti(»ii and ilcvelopiiKMit of the wayward hoys st'iit to the Institution. The first l)uildinji- tor the i'eee})tion of hoys was erected in the fall of 1857, and was made of hewed logs. The follow- ing season another log house was built, and two small brick houses that cost al)out $2,000 each. A main building, of brick, was also erected the same season, cost about S6,0D0. A Ijarn of moderate dimensions, sufhcient to meet the wants of the Farm, was also l)uilt at a cost of $2,000. In these i)lain, simi)le buildings, the experiment of keeping wayward and criminal boys, witliout walls, bolts oi- bars, was inaugurated. The experiment succeeded so well, that eontidence in the system was soon inspired throughout the State, and there was a demand for more room. By this time it was deemed expedient to erect more permanent buildings, to meet the future Avants of the school, and from that date to the i)resent nothing l)ut substantial l)rick Iniildings have been Iniilt. All of the Iniildings first erected have been removed, to give place to more substantial and convenient structures, which have increased from time to time, as the wants of the school demanded more room, until noAv the Ohio Reform Farm School village contains one main building, nine fam- ily l)uildings, a chapel building, three shop buildings, three Imrns, a laundry, two engine houses, an ice house, dry house, wood house, bake house, gas house, and a water tower, to- gether Avith several outbuildings. The main luiilding is 1(51 f(M^t long, Avith a front projec- tion of HO feet S(]uare, and 40 feet Avidth of Avings. There is also a Aving in the rear of the building 40 by 90 feet. The !»uilding is three stories above the basement. In the basement are thi'ee furnace rooms, a store ro(mi and several capacious celhM- I'ooms. On tlie first floor are the office, re- ce]ttion room, icirlor, live dining rooms, ]»antries, store rooms, halls, etc. On the second lloor are the Acting Commissioner's Fam- ily rooms, [larlor, privatt' ollicc, rooms tor Princi})al, four guest rooms, hos]>ital and tailor shop. On the third Hoor art* the reading and lil)rary rooms, one hirge store-room, and rooms for teachers and eini)loyes. All the boys and otKcers of the Institution dine in the main building. The church building is a fine structure, 91 feet in length by HO in width, a,nd will comfortably seat 800 boys. Four of the family Ijuildings are 57 feet in length l)y 36 in widtli, with a front })r()jection of oO b}^ 16 feet, and are three stories above the basement. The basement contains a furnace room, tank room and a large wash room, which is also used as a ])]ay room in stormy weather. On the first fioor are two rooms for the Elder Bn)ther and his family, and a large school room. The school-room is also used as the Ijoys' sitting room for the famil}", and for (>vening and devotional exercises. The second story contains a lioys' dormitory, a room for the assistant Elder Brother, a room for the boys' Sunday clothing, and a night closet. The third story is used entirely for dormitory purposes. The other five family buildings are like the four described, with the exception of being only two stories high above the basement. All of these buildings are plain, but neatly fin- ishcfl and furnished, and make a very })leasant and comfort- able home for a family of oO boys. The shoi> Imildings are all capacious, the largest being 120 feet long by 40 in width, and two stories high above the basement. The 1 )ascm'ent makes a large and convenient room for detailing purposes, and is also used as a playroom when too stormy for l)()ys to \)v out of doors. Each of tlie upper stories is di\ided into two rooms, with a, hall between them. All the sho}»s in this l)uilding are heated by steam. The carpenter and blacksmitli sho])sare detached buildings, and answci" well the purposes for which they wci'c built. The water lowei' is ail octagonal structure, (tf very s(»lid masonry. •")('» feci high by L' I t'cet- in diameti'V. ( )u tlie top of the tower is an iron tank, with a ca.|iacity (»f 1,000 bar- r^ls, from which (list ril)ut in,u- i>i])(,'S coiRluct thr water to the l)uilding>: where needed. Conneeted with the nuiiii pipe.s are fire-plugs, to whi'-h liose can he attached in case of fire. The tank is sui)plied with water from the Arte- sian well by the aid of a steam engine. The well is 880 feet deep, and produces an abundance of water that cannot be surpassed for ])urity and softness. The wash house is at a- convenient distance from the water tower, from which needed supplies of Avater can be drawn. The house is sui)plied Avith two of the " Nonpareil" Avashing machines, from the house of Oakley i^' Keating, NeAv York City, and a revohnng reel for drying the clothes. The machines and I'cel are worked by steam ])ower. One Avoman, Avith a class of six boys, does all the Avashing and ironing for the Institution, Avh'ich numbers 550 people. Each of the two engine houses contains an engine, one of 40-horse jjoAver, the other of 25-horse poAver. The smaller engine is held in reserve for temporary pOAver, in case of accident to the larger engine. These engines furnish the power for the hame and brush shops, the pump of the Arte- sian Avell, the laundry machinery, and for the saAv-mill. From the saAv-mill much of the lumber is ol^tained for fenc- ing and needed repairs upon the Farm. The l_)ake house is a detached building, in Avhicli four l)ar- rels of Hour are daily converted into most excellent hreail. The work is performed by a baker, Avith the assistance of three boys. A Kennedy revolving oven is soon to take the place of the oven now in use, Avhich Avill greatly increaso the present facilities of V)read making. All the l)ui'ldings ai'c lighted Avith gas, manufactured at the works belonging to the Institution. The buildings are heated mostly Ijy hot-aii- furnaces and open grate tires. The hirgc shoji building is lieated by steam . The cost to the Stale, for t lif' elect ion t»f aJI the huildings, is but a, litth' ovei' sSl'I )( M )( X ». The buildings are located near the southern line ol' 1 he larni, and, including vards, lawns ;i,ik1 play grounds, (x^cupy twenty acres of ground. The lawns are taKstefully laid out and ornamented with ever- greens, shrubs and flowers. mana(;ement. The general management of the Institution is vested in a Board of three Commissioners, one of whom is designated as Acting Commissioner, and is required by law to reside upon the Farm. All of the Commissioners hold their ottice for the term of three years, receiving their appointment from the Governor, and contirmed by the Senate. Of the first Board appointed, in 1857, Hon. Charles Rem- elin was designated as Acting Commissioner. Upon his res- ignation, in January, 1859, George E. Howe, Esq., of Paines- ville, was appointed to fill the vacancy, and at once moved to the Institution with his family, where he still resides. There have been no changes in the Board since the organi- zation of the School, excei)t in cases of resignation — the members having been rea]>])ointed regularly at the expira- tion of their term of office. In 186B, James I). Ladd, Esq., resigned, and the place was tilled l\v the appointment of Rev. B. W. Chidlaw, of Cin- cinnati. In Ai)ril, 1875, Hon. J. A. Foot resigned, and Hon. J. M. Pugh, of Columbus, was appointed to the vacancy. The Acting Commissioner acts under instructions from the Board, and has the general sui)ervision of the Farm and School. Monthly meetings of the Board are held, at which times all the vouchers for moneys ex])ended during the })re- vious month are examined and ])asse(l u]>on. The books are also carefully examined each month, to see that all accounts are properly registered, journalize(l and ]»oste"d, after which an inspection of the monthly Ijalance sheet is made. The history of such examination is then written out in the Record Hook, ke]tt for that ])ur]jose, and signed by the Board, (rreat c.ire nnd economy Iiiiac signalized tlie action of tlie Board from tin- carlic^st history of tin' School, and the fre- quent accountability of tliose tliat distribute the funds, kee))s tbe Board at all times familiar with aJI business trau!s;ictiarate ])lay grounds, sit at their own tables, and have their own section of seats in the chapel. All of the families are alike sul>ject to certain gen- eral regulations of the Institution, l)ut each is distinct and independent of the otliei', and the fainilies are really in many res])ects like so many se})arate institutions. rXSTRUCTTON. Tlu' hoys labor one-half of each day, and the other half is spent in school. The industrial training of tlu^ inmates is so conducted as to teach them hal)its of industry and a love for labor, and especially are they taught the impt)rtance of beconijuu; scir-sustaiiiiug, ami of licino- producei's in the coiu- niunities to which they o(> aftci- Icavino- tlic Institution. If a, hoy shows tact lor any )iai'f iciilai- kind of lahof, an cH'ort is made to jdacc hini wlicic his L;('nius most naturallv leads him. Tliei-e is such a. ixvcut di\crsity of eni|ilovnients in the Institution, tliat lahov can n-enerally he found a(la])ted to the ea.])aeity and desires of every liov sent to it. The Farm furnishes a, ui'cat vai'iety of healthful and pleasant out-of-door eniploymenl . ,\ garden of fifteen acres employs a, force of aJxnit twenty hoys. The cultivation of farm products, such as corn, ])ota,toe.s, etc., rei|uires a, force, in the summer season, of ahont twenty-five hoys. A force of fifteen ho^■s is constantly e)n])loyed in cho])]»in,u- Hre wood and in elearinc^ the forest. The frnit force is generally lai'gc. Caring for 250 acres of oi'charding, including vineyards and small fruits, furnishes important labor for a large nundier of l)oys. The care of fourteen horses, sixteen cows, and sixty hogs, also calls for a small detail of boys. Mechanical pursuits have latterly Ixmmi quite (^xtensiv(dy introduced. • Shoemaking and tailoring are carried on sufhciently to manufacture the shoes and clothing for the Institution. There is a blacksmith shop in which all of the Institution work is done, also some work for the neighl)ors. A carpen- ter is em])loved by the year, who, with the help of three or four boys, keeps up the repairs of the Institution. A V)rush shop has been established, in which '20 l)oys are employed. The brush business promises a fail' comi)ensation for the labor of the boys, and is a trade easily learned by them. The manufacture of hames has also l)een introduced. Twenty-five boys work in this shop, and are turning out about $400 worth of hames each week. It lias been dem- onstrated that the labor of the boys is well ada])ted to the manufacture of hames, and at no very distant jieriod, no doui)t, a much larger class will be (>ni])loyed in this shop. There is also a shop in which from fifty to seventy ItKvsai'c ciuiiloycd at canc-scatiuL!; chairs. Latterly this shop lias Ix'cn closed a portion of th(> time for want of work. Many of (he discliaructl Ijoys are ea.rnin,u; an honest liv- injr by imrsuing the trades they k'arned ut the Institution, and a hirge nnml)er are successful farmers, gardeners, and fruit-growers in differ(Mit parts of the country, having actjuired a taste for these employments Avhile at'the Reform School. SCHOOLS. The lioys are classified according to their scholarship, and the grades are taught by tlie best teachers that can he ]irocured. The school for each grade continues through the half day, which gives a session of from four and a half to tive hours in length. The school rooms are neatly kept and furnished, and the text books are of the most approved kinds. Any boy that has capacity and will study, has the o])portunity of obtaining a first-class common school edu- cation. Several of the l)oys, after leaving the Institution, have entered college, and graduated from the same with honors. About one-third of the boys, when received at the Institution, can neither read nor write. The Board of C'om- missioners have always felt it an imperative duty to the C'ommonwealth to provide amply and wisely for the intel- h'ctual culture of these children of misfortune. .MOKAL AND HELKUOFS INST lircTroN. Ex))erience has proved that the discipline of the Insti- tution is perfectly relial)le in sui)pressing all present and apparent evil that seems to exist in the mind of any bov, but t(» eradicate it from the heart, and to implant the prin- ciples of a new and l)etter life, requires the divine agency of truth and love. Recognizing their moral and spiritual necessities, and that the only avenue to reach the heart is through the understanding, they are taught the simple lessons of revealed religion that underlie a useful life and l)lesse(l immortality. The Bible is the book of moral and ivligious instruction used. The bovs are )»rovid(Ml with this divine text-liook. ;iuil ci icon raged to st'arch the Seri])- tures as the only ruU' of faith and «hity, and to gather from its sacred pages what (hcv arc to liclicvc and to [nvK'tice to secure tlie favor of (iod and the a]i|irol)at ion of their own consciences. Without douht a hirgc nurnhci' of tlie hoys sincerely and honestly accept the o})j)ortunity atiorded for moral and religious culture, while some remain indifterent and unimpressed, (iood tidings may he ex})ected from the tirst class, while failure in the struggh' of life may nat- urally l)e expected from the other. In the work of moral and religious education, the f^ab- bath School is found a relialde and ethcient agency. The boys appear to love the school and its exercises, and it 'affords them pleasure to attend. The '' International Les- sons '' are used in the School. The leaves are distributed among the boys, who, during the Aveek, commit the Scrip- ture text to memory. On Sunday morning they all meet in the Chapel, and, after the opening service, responsive readings of Scripture, singing, and prayer, they recite the lesson from memory, and are examined on its teachings. On Sunday afternoon divine worship is held in the Chapel, conducted by the ministers of the different churches at Lancaster. All Christian ministers or laymen interested in the work, are cordially welcomed, and enjoy equal privileges. The meetings on Sunday evening are frequently con- ducted by the ofhcers and boys of the Institution con- jointly. These meetings are of great interest, and much good has resulted from them. There is a good library and reading-room connected with the School, to which any boy by good conduct may have access. There is also a circulating library for general dis- tribution. A brass band is well sustained among the lioys, the teacher and leader being an officer of the Institution. 1)AII,V H(»|-TINK. In this, as far as is itracticalilc oi'dcr, proiiiptncss, jind variety are eoiiitiincd, so as to avoid weariness and indiffer- ence. From April toOetohei- the l><»ys rise at 5:80 o'clock in the morning, and during the remainder of the year at 6 o'clock and retire athalf past eight. Immediately after rising the boys pass to the basement, where they enjoy a good wash in pure soft water ; from thence they pass to the school- room, where the Elder Brother reads a chapter from the Bible and leads in })rayer; after which, upon the ringing of the second bell, all pass to their respective dining rooms in the main building for breakfast. Properly seated at the tables, before partaking of the meal, all unite in asking the Divine blessing upon their food, and returning thanks for mercies received. After the meal, they pass in order to a large basement room, where they are detailed for their respective duties for the forenoon, half going to school, and the other half to lal)or in the shops, fields, orchards, and gardens. At 11:80 A. M. the schools are dismissed, and the working forces relieved. After washing and a short time for rest and recreation, the bell invites them to their noon meal. At one o'clock the line is again formed in the basement, and they are detailed for afternoon duty, reversing the or- der of the morning, so that each class works and attends school half of the day. At 5 p. m. all work and study are closed for the day, and the boys go u]5on the play-grounds for recreation. After supper the l)oys are called in to tlieir respective family buildings, their own home, where an hour is spent in a moral review. Each boy, in the presence of his com- rades and officers, renders an account of his conduct during the day. His honesty, candor, and truthfulness are put' to the test. The wrong, if committed, is acknowledged, his case settled, and a record made upon the grade-book of the family. This is an hour of much interest and profit, and generally very pleasantly spent. After singing, reading of the Sci-i]»tuvc, and ])i'iiy('i', they retire. At tlieii' hedside tliey arc allowed a few minutes toi- a \(iluntai-y sei-vice, wlien they sinmltaneoiisly kneel and oiler a jirayer. Alter whieh tliey greet each other with a cheerful "good night," enter their comfortahle heds to enjoy refi'(>shing sleep till the next morning's light a2ipears. An effort is made at all times to make the l^oys hap]\v and contented. They are supplied with plenty of good, wholesome food, suitable clothing, and comfortal)le beds. They are taught habits of cleanliness, a i)ro])er care of their clothing, and a high regard for propriety and deco- rum in all their conduct and social intercourse with each other. They are given ample time for recreation, and no (dass of l)oys can be found that gives a higher degree of manifest appreciation for such j»rivileges. All prison ap- pliances are removed, and the boys are trusted. No high walls, bolts or bars are used to restrain them or prevent them from escaping. By kind treatment and judiciovis management at least three-fourths of tliem can at all times be trusted to go to any part of the farm, or even to Lan- caster, six miles away, on business, without supervision, and without any danger of tludr esca])ing. In their gov- ernment and management, the necessity of law, authority, and penalty is fully recognized. The boys are taught and made to understand that obedience and duty faithfully performed have their sui'c and a])propria,te rewards, and that transgression has its inevitable penalty. The punishments consist in jiersonal admonition and reiu'oof, loss of grade, de})rivation of some personal and cherished comfort, and sometimes, when other means fail, the rod of correction is employed, but with great discretion. The })rincii)les of reform developed and applied in the Family system, strike with a firm and loving power at the very root of evil as found in the heart and life of a way- ward boy, and supplies all the means and motives of his reformation. The first ten boys were received at the Institution from the Cincinnati House of Refuge, .laiuuiry ;'>(), 1S5S. Since that date to March 1, 1876, 2,270 difierent boys have been admitted. The number discharged to the same date was 1,766, leaving 504 in the Institution. The number admit- ted to the School during the last fiscal year was 214. The number discharged was 209. Of those discharged 97 re- turned to their parents, 59 were sent to the care of friends, 43 to the care of themselves, 9 hired out for wages, and one died. Of those admitted, 94 were of American parentage, 5 English, 38 Irish, 32 German, 1 Italian, 17 American (colored), and 27 unknown. Fifteen were sent for grand larceny, 65 for petit larceny, 15 for burglary, 2 for house breaking, 46 for petit larceny and incorrigibility, 1 for arson, 3 for assault with intent to rape, 10 for vagrancy, 47 for incorrigibility, 1 for manslaughter, 1 from the Peniten- tiary, 3 for horse stealing, 2 for cutting wdth intent to wound, 2 for obtaining property underf alse pretenses, and 1 for obstructing railroad track. The average time of deten- tion of boys at the School is a little more than twenty- three months. The Ohio Reform Farm School was the first Reformatory established in this country upon the Famil}^ plan. It was established as an experiment, and notwithstanding its con- ception originated in the minds of some of the most tal- ented and philanthropic citizens and statesmen of the State, still the great majority regarded it as a very danger- ous experiment, and it was looked upon as a visionary scheme that would soon explode and disappear. But its history and results are the proof of its success. Founded ui)on the right basis, and under a continuous management for eighteen years, with economy in expendi- tures, efficiency of administration, and the reformation of such a large percentage of its inmates, are its credentials to public confidence and support. The Institution has clearly demonstrated that kindness and love will do more to soften and reclaim the obdurate heart than prison walls, bolts or bars. The success of the School has been such that its influence has caused a modi- fication of the discipline and management of many of the Reformatories of the land. HISTORV OF THE OHIO PENITENTIARY. The lirst Penitentiary building was erected iu 1813. It was built of brick, 60 by 30 feet on the ground, and three stories high. The basement w^as divided into a kitchen and dining room for the prisoners. The next story above the kitchen was the keei)er's residence, and the third or upper story was laid off into cells for prisoners. There w^ere thirteen cells in all, four dark ones and nine light ones. The entrance to the cells or upper story was from the inside of the yard. Such is a brief description of the original Penitentiary building as it existed from 1813 to 1818, when a new Penitentiary (as it was then called), was built, and the yard enlarged to about 400 feet east and west by 160 feet north and south, the ground covered by buildings included. The yard was divided into three parts, called the upper, middle and lower yard. The workshops were principally arranged along the south side of the up[)er yard, some cooper and blacksmith shops in the middle yard, there being no shops iu the lower yard. The new prison house was of brick, 150 feet long, 34 feet wide, two stories high, with the east gable front to the street, and joined to the original building. The accommodations consisted of two adjoining rooms on tlie second floor for hospital purposes, and fifty-four cells or lodging rooms above ground, and live dark, solitary cells below ground, accessible only by a trap door opening u[» into the hail. Tlie old original building, after being remodeled, served as a comfortable residence for the kee[»er. The trades carried on by the convicts were coopering, blacksniithiiig, shoenuiking, wago)i making, gunsmithing, cabinet making, tailoring and weaving. The articles thus iiuiuutactured were stored in a room connected with the institution, and sold or exchanged for provisions or raw materials, such as staves, sawed lumber, hoop poles, coal and firewood. The first convict was John Evans, sent from Pickaway County, for five years, for assault and battery with intent to kill. He was received October S, 1815, and is marked No. 1 on the Convict Register. He, with his brother David, who was received the same time, was pardoned by the Governor, January 26, 1817. The total number reeeiverosecution, to make the institution self supjiorting. Still, outside of this item of expense, the receipts of the prison are not only equal to the expenses, but return a large dividend to the Treasury. And in regard to the costs of prosecution, if we include the rise in value of land belonging to the State and State work doneby convicts, there is no doubt the net income would largely exceed even this expense. The first land i>urchased for the erection ot" the prison, cost the State |5() [>er ucre. It is now wortli, tor nuumtactiiriiig imritoses. $/J,()()0 per acre, showing an increase ot" 247 per cent, per annum on tlie investment. During the fiscal year ending Novem- ber 30, 1836, there were nine sliops, working about 130 men ; the receipts for tiie year amounted to |17,500. November, 1875, there were fort3'-tbur shops, employing one thousand men, and the recei[)ts were 1 16,600 per month, almost as mucli in one month as for a year forty years ago. The cash earnings for the year 1875-76 will not be less than $215,500, with an annual running ex- pense of $145,900, and the net cash receipts $69,600. Forty years ago the manufacturing interests were con- fined to stone cutting, coopering, tailoring, stone breaking, blacksmithing, webbing, making saddle trees, shoes and soap. Now the products of industry are buckles, harness, hames, saddlery hard\yare, wire, brushes, chairs, infants' carriages, buggy and wagon bodies, wheels, shafts, spokes, hubs, rakes, forks, hoes, snaths, grain cradles, barrels, carpenter's tools of all kinds, stoves and furniture, car wheels, plating, blacksmithing,wagon and carriage bolts, wagon skeins, &c. Lately there has been erected a shop of brick, two stories high, which is occupied by Brooks & Patton, for the purpose of manufacturing enamel hol- lowware, the only factory of the kind in the State of Ohio. They employ 120 men, and their monthly pay- sheet to the State averages about $3,000. There is also connected with the institution a gas manufactory, erected in 1873, which is sufficient to sup- ply the Penitentiary, State House, Deaf and Dumb and Blind Asylums with light. The gas thus manufactured costs the State about 64 cents per thousand feet, includ- ing labor and salary of officers. The Chapel, used for divine service, speeches on holi- days. Sabbath School and Christian Association Room, is large enough to comfortably seat 1,800 persons. It is a brick structure, well built, the floor well laid, containing 9,000 square feet, agallery for the female prisoners, and seats tor male convicts and place tor visitors on main floor. Near the rostrum on one side are scats tbi- the choirand space tor the organ ; on the other, seats tor jiarticular friends and the families of the officers. The rostrum itself has seats for the Warden, Deputy Warden, Chaplain, and any minis- ters who may he present. It is well carpeted, and, taken together with the frosted windows, adds much to the general appearance of the room. The services on Sab- bath consist of Christian Association or prayer meeting at 8 o'clock A. M.; Sabbath school at 9:30, consisting of 600 scholars; church at 11 A. M., which all attend but those whose conscience forbid — about fifteen or twenty in number. At 8 A. M. high mass is held in a room over the offices of the Chaplain and Deputy Warden. About one hundred attend this service. On tlie first floor, between the Deputy's office and Chapel is a i)rint- ing ofiice, where bill heads, labels, and all such little job printing for the institution is done by convicts. Directly opposite, between the Chaplain's office and Chapel is the Library, containing 2,500 volumes, consisting of novels by standard authors, together with a liberal supply of histories, books of travel, magazines, readers, bibles and a few slates. The prisoners are also allowed to subscribe for any paper, religious, local or political, for which they are willing to pay from their private funds; also, to re- ceive any reputable papers sent them by their friends. The men work from 6 o'clock A. M. to 6 o'clock P. M. in the summer, and from 7:30 A. M. to 4:30 P. M. in the winter. They can then read till 9 P. M., which gives an average of three hours reading time. Thus men who, when they came in, were not at all posted in the litura- ture of the age, become, in two or three years' time, really well read men, both as to works of fiction and the more solid productions. There is also connected with the institution a slaughter house, where the butchering for the inmates is done by butchers who are prisoners. The meats of all kinds used are bought on toot, and the slaughtering is done inside of tlje walls. Thus the iiiithonties are brouglit in contact witli stock raisers instead of the butchers about the city. The flour and corn meal used are ground in the State mill inside the prison wall, by prison labor which would not otherwise be used. The men thus grind their own wheat and bake their own bread. The same engine which is used for the steam power in the mill is used to propel the washing machines. The store room used for packing eatables until wanted is directly back of the kitchen and near the mill. A lunatic asylum, containing about twenty subjects, is between the mill and the store room. The park inside the walls is covered with fresh green grass, and contains a bed of flowers directly in front of the Chai)el. This gives a cheerful appearance to the premises not other- wise to be gained, and has also a benelicial effect on the spirits of the men there confined. The health of the inmates has averaged well everything considered. The cholera broke out in the prison in 1849 and in 1873, but it prevailed in the city at the same time, and it was not remarkable tl^at it should overleap the walls. Only thirteen deaths occurred in 1875, out of 1,257 men. As to the reformatory powers of the institution, the police of the city do not give a very favorable account. But the public should bear in mind that of those who go out and lead a uniform consistent lite nothing is heard, while those whose first free act is getting drunk and all the misdemeaners which follow, have their names duly published as appearing before the Mayor's Court, and thereby become the subject of comment by all those who argue that a man's character never changes. The pro- portion of these last are about one-third of the whole number discharged. This, taken together with the self- sustaining powers of the Penitentiary, as heretofore shown, argues well for what our reformatory institutions niii^^lit become by judicious? selection of officers and guards. There is, however, a class of " |»rotessionals," so-called, who never have done a da3''s honest work in their lives, and who live by burglary, horse theft or forgery, who might as well — and, indeed, as soon as found positivel}' to belong to this class, much better — be sent to prison for life. These, when caught, say : " Well, we are beaten tliis time, but we'll get ahead of you yet ;" thus showing themselves willing to divide their time between a life of crime outside and one of penalty inside of some penal institution. Although "ignorance of the law excuses no man," when justice is untem[tered with mercy, still some who commit criminal offenses not knowing them to be such, are fit subjects for the mercy of the Executive, and demand our sympathy. Some, by their uniform good behavior, have gained, almost against their own wills, the respect of their guards, just as they will and do gain the respect of just men outside, after they have shown themselves determined to curb their evil propensities. CINCINNATI ORHPAN ASYLUM, MT. AUBURN. CrNCINNATl. O. Incorporated in 1832 Under the Laws of Ohio— General Manage- ment of the Institution under a Board of Lady Managers— Man- agement of Endowment Fund under a Board of Trustees — Insti- tution Protestant, but not Sectarian. MANAGERS. Mrs. Catharine Bates, Walnut Hills ; Mrs. John D. Jones, Glendale ; Mrs. Eliza J. Funk, 94 West Eighth Street ; Mrs. Henry Probasco, Clifton ; Mrs. Aaron F. Perry, Mt. Auburn; Mrs. S. M. Hinsdale, 394 West Seventh Street; Mrs. John Davis, 323 Elm Street; Mrs. S. J. Broadwell, 66 Lawrence Street ; Mrs. A. D. Bullock, Mt. Auburn ; Mrs. J. H. Cheev- er, Mt. Auburn ; Mrs. G. H Barbour, 90 East Fourth Street; Mrs. John R. Wright, Walnut Hills; Mrs. A. S. Winslow, Cor. Broadway and Fourth ; Mrs. William Judkins, Corner Race and Center Streets ; Mrs. M. F. Force, 89 West Eighth Street; Mrs. L. E. Yorke, Clifton; Mrs. C. T. H. Stille, 85 Broadwav ; Miss Janet C. Brown. 183 West Seventh Street. OFFICERS. President — Mrs. Catharine Bates. Mac- President — Mrs. Aaron F. Perry. Recording Secretary — Mrs. J. R. Wright. Corres'ponding Secretary — Mrs. A. D. Bullock. Treasurer— Mr^. i\ T. H. Stille. (MjM.MrrPKKS. Admittiiiii — Mrs. (Jheever, Mrs. Judkins, Mrs. Broadwell, Mrs. Hinsdale. Binding — Mrs, Bates, Mrs. Funk, Mrs. Davis, Mrs. Force. Purchadng — Mrs. Jones, Mrs. Bullock. Auditiuf/ — Mrs- Bullock, Mrs. Barbour. School — Mrs. Perry, Mrs. Probasco. Setimig — Mrs. Cheever, Mrs. Bullock. Hov,-^(' keeping — Mrs. Hinsdale, Mrs. Barbour, Mrs. Broad- well. Infirmary and Nurftert/ — Mrs. Probasco, Mrs. Wright, Miss Brown. Visiting — Mrs, Davis, Mrs. Funk, Mrs Stille. Matron — Mrs. A. J. C. Wilson. TRUSTEES. Robert Buchanan, Clifton ; Henry Probasco, Clifton ; Rich- ard Smith, Clifton ; George W. McAl])ine, Clifton ; George W, Jones, Cincinnati: Samuel J. Broadwell, Cincinnati; John R. Wright, Walnut Hills. ORIGIN AND HISTORY, The origin and history of this Institution, the oldest organ- ized charity in Ohio, and })erhaps in the West, cannot be better presented, than by giving the recollections of the ven- erable President of the Board of Managers (who has been continuously a member of the Board since its organization, and is now in her seventy-ninth year), as stated by her on the occasion of the forty-second anniversary of the Institution, June 6, 1875, as follows : My friends, we bring you not to-day our usual annual re- port, but intend, rather, giving a brief sketch of the origin and history of this Institution. The disastrous flood of 1831, and the cholera that followed in 1832, caused much suffering among the poor; and many hearts and homes were made desolate, and many children left entire orphans. Among the first to respond to the calls for relief wa.s a Masonie Lodge — (aiul we believe thaf fraternity are always ready for every good word and work). They placed in the hands of the Lady Managers of the Bible Socie- ty a sum of money, knowing that, in their distribution of the Bible through the city, they could best ascertain who needed relief After ministering to the wants of all who came in their way, the sum of eight dollars remained ; and the ques- tion arose, How shall this be apj)ropriated? One of the ladies suggested that they seek divine direction. They knelt in prayer, and the indications were that a home should be pro- vided for the orphan and the destitute. Thus you see that our Asylum was founded in faith and prayer, and with the princely sum of eight dollars. On the 2d of May, 1833, a meeting of citizens was held at the First Presbyterian Church. It was well attended, the subject was discussed, and the result was the election of twelve ladies, who should carry out the wishes and intentions of the philanthropic and the benevolent of our city and vicinity. On the same afternoon the Society was organized in the par- lor of Mrs. Philip Young. The original Board of Managers, as elected at this meeting, were : Mrs. Jeptha D. Garrard, Mrs. S. W. Davies, Mrs. Edward King (now Mrs. Peter), Mrs. Gen. Mansfield, Mrs. Ezekiel Hall, Mrs. Louisa Staugh- ton, Mrs. Jcmathan Bates, Mrs. Philip Young, Mrs. Dr. Moorehead, Mrs. G. R. Gilmore, Mj-s. H. Todd and Mrs. Jacob Burnet, four of whom are now living, but only one re- maining in the present Board. Charles Hammond obtained a chart ei- from the Legislature, but with tha proviso that we should i'Aka pauper children, re- ceiving a. small compensation from the Township Trustees for their support. A portion of the auction funds was also grant- ed us, and subscriptions were received. We accepted the con- ditions, and on the 6th of June, /'or^y three years ago, entered upon our work by assuming the care of twenty-five dirty, ragged childi-en at the Pest House, whi(rh, with six acres of ground, was donated to ns by Jeptha L). Garrard, and by the city. The home of these childi'en had been the Connnerciid Hospital, where the insane, the sick, and many of ade])raved character were congregated. At the suggestion ot the kite Dr. Fore, then physician of the hospital, they were removed to this ])lace. We can scarcely describe the location, so great have been the changes. It was near Mill Creek bottom; a green, stag- nant pond near by ; there was no road leading to it ; riding was dangerous, anay two dollars per year for each meml)er toward the support of the Asyhnn. At tliis (Iraiid Lodge meeting, fundamental hiws were adopted witli tiuly phihmthrojtic views, the lead- ing governing i>rin('ij)les were, to treat the inmates as mem- bers of one family of friends, to fraternize the orplians, to make them feel at home, and to ignore in every way any feelings of pau})erism or dependence, instilling those nni- versal feelings of humanity that all should feel and practi- cally promulgate Whilst the Asylum is exclusively under the control of the various Grand Lodges, yet they passed a law that children, whether their jnirents were members of the Order of Benai Berith or not, should be entitled to its benefits, and whether whole or half ori)hans. The mission of an organization such as ours is as much to soothe the feelings and elevate the manhood and self- esteem of its beneficiaries as to provide for their material wants. We intend to provide for the orphan, not alone for his bodily wants, not alone for his school education, and not alone for his spiritual wants, but we desire to fit him or her out fully with the knowledge of a mechanical trade, and bring them up as good members of society, to be able, after they leave the Asylum, to take care of themselves. Without any undue yielding to sentimentality, it is be- lieved that, so far, we have accomplished our object. Eight years nearly have ])assed since the Institution Avas opened, and during this time many practical improvements in all departments liave l)een made. New wings were built, to enlarge the school rooms, etc., and it is with feelings of pride we say that the Jewish Orphan Asylum has attained, with its usefulness, a prominence as one of the most cher- ished eleemosynary organizations in the United States. District (Irand Lodge No. 2 divided itself in two more Districts, viz: District Ncj. (5 and No. 7, all in the former territory, and this three District Grand Lodges, viz : No. 2, 6 and 7, elect yearly the requisite number of Trustees, to whom is intrusted the entire control and management of the Institution. THK MANAOKMKN'I' OK 'I'llK .IIOWISll OlIl'llAN ASYLPM. The sole managenKmt of the Orphan Asylum is intrusted to twelve Trustees, ele(;ted now froni Districts No. 2, 6 and 7, the latter two Districts having been formed out of the ter- ritory which was originally embraced as District Grand Lodge No. 2. The various Lodges, Societies and yearly subscribers elect, in addition to the Managing or Executive Trustees, thirty Directors out of their own Societies, who compose the Board. All through the Districts there are local Boards, consisting of ladies and gentlemen, who are charged with certifying as to the propriety of admitting children from their respective localities, superintending their transportation, securing proper and legal guardianship, and for providing places for the inmates Avhen discharged from the Asylum. This feature of securing the services of a number of well known charitable persons of both sexes, dispersed over a large area, has been developed and maintained; in fact, a commendable rivalry, has arisen in some localities that is encouraging and of great benefit. The Trustees and Directors, who are elected by the re- spective Grand Lodges, Societies and yearly subscribers, live at i)oints far distant from each other, but they manage to attend the regular meetings at Cleveland, Ohio, although their duties are arduous and a very severe task on their time and patience. The Trustees form an Executive Board; they elect their respective officers, also the Superintendent, Matron and teachers, and appoint all committees. The present Board of Trustees consists as follows : *A. Aub, President Cincinnati, O *A. Wiener, Vice President Cleveland, ^William Kriegshaber, Secretary Louisville, Ky *Jac. Rohrheimer, Treasurer Cleveland, O Abe Hart, Trustee Chicago, Ills Dr. S. Wolfenstein, '" St. Louis, Mo Lazare Kahn, jr., - Selma, Ala A. E. Frankland, " Memphis, Tenn D. Adler, '• Milwaukee, Wis Gus. Levi, ' Quincy, Ills M. Selig, " Memj)his, T<'nu TL S. Ottenlii'inicr, - Peoria, Ills *L. Aufrecht, Es(i Superintendent *Mrs. L. Aufrecht Matron The officers' names marked *, have been in office since the opening of the Asylum. APPLICATIONS OF ORPHANS. Since the opening of the Orphan Asylum for the recep- tion of orphans, from July 14th, 1868, till January 14th, 1876, or in seven years and six months, we have received petitions for 422 orphans, of which, during the period, 206 left the Asylum, leaving remaining at present 216 orphans, which are divided as follows : Boys 114 Girls 102 Total 216 Some of the boys discharged are learning trades, such as saddler, cigar-maker, candy manufacturer, shoemaker and watch making, others are with their relatives or guardians in stores. Some of the girls learned the dress making, mil- linery, others house and needle- work. Many of those dis- charged boys and girls found pleasant homes in families. Since July, 1875, the Borrd of Trustees and Directors have resolved to establish, in connection with the Asylum, an Industrial School on the premises. The shoemaking depart- ment has been chosen to commence with, and, if successful, other branches will soon be commenced. TABLE OF INMATES Remainining in the Asylum at the end of the year : Ist year, from 1868 till 1869 118 Orphans 2d " '• 1869 " 1870 138 3d " " 1870 '' 1871 155 " 4th " " 1871 " 1872 1&5 5th - " 1872 " 1873 166 6th " " 1873 '^ 1874 188 7th " " 1874 - 1S75 2(X) Sth " i>art 1875 " 1S76 216 " Age o 1 yviin a li AKI.K OK a<;k •< AND SKXliS OK THE IN^ Boys. 2 .. /. Year. N»^ber Nearly : Per capita J^%^ inmate.. «^''«°^«- P^'" y^'^'"- p^ly. 1st. 1869 •. 2d. 1870 3d. 1871 4th, 1872 5th, 1873 C.th,1874 7th. 1875 8th, 1876, calculated only ti month? Total 118 138 155 165 166 188 200 216 $22,000 00 23,179 91 25,442 39 25,912 81 26,377 21 27.088 45 29.302 85 15.000 00 1.346 «194.303 52 186 44 167 97 ]tV. 16 51 46 45 157 07 43 158 96 43 144 09 40 141 51 39 69 44 38 155 50 43 In the above calculation of yearly and daily average ex- penses of the inmates, it is remarked here that the sum includes all expenses for salaries, wages, ordinary repairs, printing, etc. THE HEALTH. , Great care is taken b}- the Board as to the sanitary condi- tion of our inmates. Sufficient room is allotted to all sleeping departments. Cleanliness, ventilation and regularity in habits are the rules most rigidly adhered to. The depart- ments for the boys and girls are sejiarated. A very large space of the grounds is allotted for exercises, such as drill- ing, gymnastic and general useful plays. In case of unfa- vorable weather at various seasons, where no outside sports can be had, large halls are provided to exercise in the same sports in comfortable rooms. When it is considered that the very severe weather in winter, and the great heat in summer, must necessarily be very injurious to children of tender ages, who all came from different climes, it is with pride to state that the general condition of health is very good — beyond expectations. Twic'c has the Institution l)cen visitinl vvitli scarl(;t fever, and at each and every year witii other ailments, such as colds, sore throats, and kidney and other sporadic cases of acute diseases. During all the time we have only lost four children — two boys and two girls. Plenty of good, substantial and well prepared food, at three regular meals daily, is gi ven to the children. Warm clothes and stout shoes in the winter, as })rotectien against cold weather, and lighter clothes in the summer, open air exer- cises after school hours, preserve the excellent state of health enjoyed by its inmates. Three physicians have kindly volunteered to render all assistance in case of need, and nobly have they at all times performed their duty. Their names are Dr. P. Roeder, Dr. M. Rosenwasser, and Dr. Joseph Aub. THE DISCIPLINE Is rarely ever infringed upon, as a general rule. The chil- dren are very tractable, and obey all orders, rules and regu- lations of their superiors with alacrity, cheerfulness and pleasure. Among themselves, they are very social and obliging in manner, and act toward each other more as brothers and sisters than as strangers. This happy result, suit, in the beginning, caused a great deal of labor and patience to bring about, but the fruit is now abundantly reaped without much trouble by the new comers, who at once find themselves in their situation, and cheerfully behave themselves as they see and notice from the older inmates. No undue strength or force of rules are used, or permitted to be used. EDUCATION. The education of our orphans forms the main feature of our Institution. We have established in the asylum an elementary school since the last seven years. There are seven teachers engaged, under the supervision of the Super- intendent, Mr. L. Aufreeht. All the children are classified according to knowledge, and taugiit in well graded classes the following branches, viz : Residing, S))elling, Avithnietic, Penmanship, (Iramniar, (re()iira])hy, Hel)iew and (lerman, Drawing and Singing. As soon as a cjiild is lit to enter the C Grammar grade, it is sent to the Puljlic h^ehool for its (secular) education. At present thirty-seven of our inmates attend the Public Schools. Our Institution is greath^ in- debted to the city school authorities for this privilege. Our female inmates are also taught the different kind of needle-work, such as knitting, sewing, crocheting and em- brodering. They have also to assist in the different branches of the housework. The boys, after school hours, are kept at all kind of work about the house and grounds, assisting the gardener in the cultivation of flowers and vegetables. The happiest results in the educational department have been achieved in all its branches, and Ave may proudly say our school is second to none. We have four sessions daily, two in the forenoon and two in the afternoon ; a recess of twenty minutes between the sessions, and two hours' intermission at noon. This inter- val between the sessions, with the two hours of play between breakfast and school time, and one and a half hour of leis- ure from the close of school until supper, give the scholars, during the day, fully six hours of recreation for play, gym- nastic exercises, drill and useful Avork about the house. Fully one hour before breakfast in the Avinter, and tAvo hours in the summer, all the children have to rise, dress and wash themselves, and repair to the chapel for the morning prayers. In the Avinter season the smaller children retire one hour after supper, Avhile the older ones remain in the school- rooms to prepare for their various lessons. In the summer season the time is extended, and the inmates have to rise earlier and retire later. Divine service is held every Sal)bath and holiday, which is conducted by the older boys, with the choir of the in- mates. At the yearly anniversaries of deceased donators to the " Sinking Fund," prayers are offered by the orphans. The follow ill*;" table will show the present classilieatioii of the schohirs, <>iviiiii". also, their average ajjji^ in each iii-ade. ^AT THE ASYLUM. No. of Scholars. Av. Age. In the Nursery 11 5 years 2 mos DPrimary 27 (5 " 6 " *' C Primary 32 i) " 1 '' B Primary 58 10 '' 3 " APrimary 27 11 " 8 " " D Grammar 23 12 " 6 " AT THE PTTBLTC SCHOOLS. In the C Grammar 15 13 " 3 " " B Grammar 14 12 " 9 " " A Grammar 6 13 " 8 " D High School 3 14 " 6 " C " 2 15 " 3 " Doing house work, girls 3 15 " 6 " Total 216 It will be noticed at once that the children are rather young for their intellectual standing, especially if it is taken in consideration that they come from different States and climes, many of them having had in their early days, on account of poverty, very little chances of getting even a school education. THE REVENUE Of the Orphan Asylum is secured from — 1st, The regular dues of the members of Lodges. 2d, The regular dues of Auxiliary Associations. ,3d, The earnings and interest of the sinking fund. 4th, Payment of reguhir life and annual members. 5th, Annual donations and voluntary contributions. 6th, From any other available source, such as proceeds of balls, concerts, fairs and pic-nics. 7tli, Legacies. 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QO :^ffl o e M O C ^ K< 5.p ST: a S 'f-'* r> CO p Men yabl meo s CO S : »5- re' a '■S «& if- _'—'«» co -'oia--^j-T aoco'ji.'a-.-i «^ ooo WODtO CD o o CO CO ooo ;5 05 = C CO to (-> OD O O CO O CD ■ to «> s CO l-" *^ p- oo o» OCf-'ppi o t^;, Vr't-icoen l-H -J C' O-IOJtO fS Oi o en OS 00 Oi ?5 o o 0*-l-'lf' *^ o ocm-icn if} CO CO I-" ■iff A to ^-' Oip-.a: Kj oo 'i^H-'Co'cK rf^ CO CO CO h-* i-J to COCOlf-Oi to 838§ CJ> «5: Oi >i>^ ■» jj- ^^ CO_p *-^ en co: rf^enoto K! to o torfi^rf'- o o »f^t coentf^co ?= ^ ,_it S^g^T ^ CO: «© c;i 00 ^ ife cr 00 o»— ' r-^ CO' (*- 00 )_>^ ^ loocoo'cD 4^ 310 CltOOJH- CD CO CO x>o irio oo en CO ^1 00i4^0i ■^ oo ■I^O OOCn-l ^ S en to p^ *-p O OS *- CC ^ CO .o'cD cooge; CO 00 CD «£) 3ien KJCOCOOi » en X>00 encocOH* f -7 wto ocooo 1 ^ff <» *- p- O CiiH- CO -7 V' O k; o^-* ll'gl o aoo CD *- 1 ooo ?5 CO OiO otooocn 7^ O I o o o-jenoc I— ' to 1— ' OS o CO en to CO :;i H-» OS OS CO CJi CO 00 CO --T 00 OS 0*CJ' CO OOOOOOO-JOS^l*- enen*iOO^ioooDio oooi— 'oooscoen-i -»iocooocn-ios<» e:isto"£?.y WIDOWS' HOME. The Widows' Home uud Asylum tor Aged and Indigent Women is located on Mount Auburn, in Cincinnati. In 1848 Mrs. Lyman Beecher, Mrs. Mansfield and others, had occasion to visit a friend sick at the hos})ital — one who had been reared in affluence. They found her in one of the crowded wards, sad and troubled because of her unpleasant surroundings. These ladies were moved to provide for their friend some place where, while her poverty was accepted, her associations would be more pleasant. And thus moved, they called a meeting in Ajtril, 1848, in the basement of the Second Presbyterian Church, and proceeded to organ- ize an association to provide a home for aged and indigent women. The association prospered, and in May, 1851, they ob- tained a charter from the Legislature, and became a cor- poration. Messrs. Shillitp, Burnet, Reeder and McLean donated ground. Dr. Wesley Smead donated fourteen thousand dollars towards the erection of a suitable building, which was completed in 1852. Dr. Smead also gave six thousand dollars as a nucleu* for an endowment fund to be used for current expenses. Dr. Smead devoted much time to the advancement of the project, and afterwards donated five thousand dollars additional. By bequests and donations the fund is now about one hundred and twelve thousand dollars, exclusive of house and grounds, worth some forty to titty thousand doUars. The interest on this fund, with the annual voluntary sub- scriptions of the citizens of Cincinnati, pay the current expenses, and keep up the house and grounds. The present number of inmates is forty-six. Since its organization, one hundred and twenty-seven iiave been admitted, sixty have diefl in and Ijeen buried from the Home, fourteen have left the Home to reside with friends ; four were dismissed, and three sent to lunatic asylums. Tlie cost of maintenance is about one hundred and tifty dollars per annum for each inmate. The house has been full for years. There are many applications for admission which have to be refused. There are liundreds who would receive the benefits of the Home were the accomodations ample and means suf- ficient. The management is under the control (>f twenty-four ladies. There are three fiscal trustees, who have charge of the funds and property of the incorporation, The applicants for admission must be of good moral character, not less than sixty years of age, and able her- self, or b}' aid of friends, to pay an admission fee of one hundred dollars. When received, tliey have a home for the remainder of theii- lives. The average age of present inmates is seventy-four. The discipline adopted has been with a view to make the Institution a home for the inmates. There are no ascetic rules, but a tone of domestic, home-like influence is sought. No uniformity of dress is required, no rigid discipline as to conduct, but, so far as practicable, the individuality of each inmate is recognized. The details of the household, and so all the atfairs of the Institution, are carefully watched over by the Man- agers ; anil to this end the Managers are divided into com- mittees of two, who, in weekly rotation, su[)erintend the house. There iire, in addition, eight comtnittees, to whom are distributed the various duties of suppUes and manage- ment. The action of all are directed and revised by the entire Board monthly. Mr. O. J. Wilson has recently donated to the Widows' Home, and a proposed Old Man's Home, twenty acres of valuable and highly improved land on College Hill, near the city, together with money to aid in the erection of suitable buildings. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 022 166 930 7 3> :JP ■. 35 3>^ i> :> ■ ;> _ > J. > *~;: > . > ^ > > y '> 3 > :> >'^3 "> o > ^ > L> > \> > : >::> > - i:> :> 4S