Book. T'R-^ OFiriciAi> i:>ONAXiON. il i Indiana at Shiloh Bepott of tfte Commission COMPILED BY JOHN W. COONS ISSUED BY Indiana Shiloh National Park Commission 1904 18 NOV 1905 PRESS OF WM. B. BURFORD INDIANAPOLIS Contents PAGE. Letter of Transmittal ^ Preface • ^^ Tlie Battle of Shiloli 1^ Shiloh National Military Park 19 Historical Sketches of Indiana Regiments 21 Army of the Tennessee 2o Eleventh Infantry 27 Twenty-third Infantry 35 Twenty-fourth Infantry 41 Twenty-fifth Infantry *'^ Thirty-first Infantry ^9 Forty-fourth Infantry 69 Sixth Battery '^'^ Ninth Battery ^^ Army of the Ohio ^^ Sixth Infantry '^" Ninth Infantry 93 Fifteenth Infantry 99 Seventeenth Infantry ...<.,.;. 105 Twenty-ninth Infantry HI Thirtieth Infantry H"^ Thirty-second Infantry 123 Thirty-sixth Infantry 129 Thirty-ninth Infantry 133 Fortieth Infantry 139 Fifty-first Infantry 1^3 Fifty-seventh Infantry l*'^ Fifty-eighth Infantry 1^^ Second Cavalry ^^^ Statistics concerning tlie Battle of Shiloh lo9 Distinguished in Peace and in War 1^^ Miscellaneous ^ Indiana Commissioned Officers in the Battle of Shiloli 167 Before the Battle ^^^ After the Battle ^^^ 5 Contents PAGE. Shiloli Campaign and Battle 171 Laws, Appointmeiit of Commission, etc 249 Contract for Monuments 554 Legislation Concerning Monuments 259 Financial Report of Commission 262 Dedication of Monuments 265 Prayer— Rev. H. J. Norris 266 Major General Lewis Wallace — Oration 269 The Name of Old Glory— Poem by James Whitcomb Riley 280 Presentation of Monuments — Colonel James S. Wright 282 Acceptance of Monuments — Governor Winfield T. Durbin 288 Receiving Indiana's Gift — William Cary Sanger 292 Address of Colonel Josiah Patterson 294 Address of General George W. Gordon 299 Address of Senator A. J. Beveridge 305 Conclusion 310 Illustrations PAGE. -^Maps of Shiloh Pockets in Front Cover ^ Original Shiloh Church Frontispiece ^ O. P. Morton, War Governor 10 y Hon. Winfield T. Durbin, Governor 1 1 ^' Major General U. S. Grant 22 v^Major General Lewis Wallace 271 -/General Albert Sidney Johnston 23 '/Colonel George F. McGinnis 26 V Crump's Landing 34 /'Colonel Alvin P. Hovey 39 / Colonel J. C. Yeatch 46 y" Major John W. Foster 52 ^ Colonel Charles Cruft 58 ■^ Captain George Harvey 64 ^Siege Guns, April 6, 1862 66. v' Colonel Hugh B. Reed 68. I ' Battle Scene of Shiloh ~6' I Colonel William H. Blake 92 ^ Colonel George D. Wagner 98 ^ Colonel John T. Wilder 103 ^ Colonel John F. Miller , 109 V Colonel Sion S. Bass 115 ^ Colonel John W. Blake 137 V Steamboats, Pittsburg Lauding, April 6, 1862 164 y' General Grant's Headquarters 1"6 '^ Iron Tablets 180 "^ General W. H. L. Wallace Monument 190 I General Albert Sidney Johnston Monument 202 ■^ Shiloh Spring, near Shiloh Church 214 Bloody Pond 226. \/ National Cemetery 244 / Hon. C. C. Schreeder 248 ./ Fleet of Steamboats at National Park 264 1/ Scene in Shiloh National Park 268. Letter of Transmittal Indianapolis, Ind., October 24, 1904. Hon. Winfield T. Durbin, Goneriior of Indiana : Sir We, the undersigned members of the Indiana Shiloh National Park Commission, appointed by you under an act of the General Assembly of Indiana, approved March 11, 1901, to locate positions of Indiana troops and erect monuments therefor on the Battlefield of Shiloh, have the honor to submit our report relating to our duties in pursuance of said act. Respectfully submitted, Thomas B. AVood, Chairman. jSTicholas E^'SLEY, Secretary. OLIVER P. MORTON WAR GOVERNOR HON. WINFIELD T. DURBIN GOVERNOR OF INDIANA AA'iufield T. Durbin Avas not of a sufficient age at the beginning of the War of the Rebellion to become a soldier, but, when yet a youth, gave a year of active sen-ice to his country, serving in the Sixteenth and One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Indiana Regiments. He was the youngest of six brothers, all of whom were soldiers. In the war with Spain, Colonel Durbin commanded the One Hundred and Sixty-first Indiana Regiment, and was stationed at Havana attached to the Seventh Corps, Army of Occupation. 11 Preface IN accordance with an act of Congress, approved December 27, 1894, and an act of the General Assembly of the State of Indiana, approved March 11, 1901, the Honorable AVinfield T. Durbin, Governor of said State, appointed the following named members to constitute the Indiana Shiloh National Park Com- mission, all soldiers of the War of the Rebellion, six of whom were present and engaged in the Battle of Shiloh, to wit : Thomas B. Wood Franklin G. E. Gardiner Bluffton Edwin Nicar^ South Bend John E. Wildman Muucie J. S. Wright Rockport Benjamin M. Hutchins Columbus Nicholas Ensley Indianapolis The members organized by electing Tliomas B. Wood Chairman and Edwin Nicar^ Secretary. The Commission, after performing its duty required by the acts, presents its report. The contents is a brief statement of the part taken by Indiana soldiers in the Battle of Shiloh; the erection of monuments on the battlefield, and a brief history of the two days' engagements, April 6 and 7, 1862, is given and made part hereof. More than forty years have elapsed since the great battle of the War of the Rebellion took place. History has been written and much has been said concerning this great engagement. The object of the volume is to show merely the part Indiana troops have taken in this important engagement of the late war. The several Indiana regiments, as well as companies of artillery, ^\ath their respective Commanders, also Generals of division and bri- gades commanding Indiana troops, are given. > Captain Edwin Nicar resigned. Major Wildman was appointed as Secretary, ami upon liis resignation Captain Nicholas Ensley, the present Secretary, was elected. 13 Indiana at Shiloh The War Department has published a record of facts taken from official reports of the commanding officers in this great bat- tle, and for that reason the part taken by Indiana troops oaly is given. The memorials to the valor and chivalry of the Indiana soldiers on the Battlefield of Shiloh will mark the scenes of con- flict for generations to come. 14 The Battle of Shiloh ITS IMPORTANCE TO THE UNION CAUSE THE Battle of Shiloh, or Pittsl)ui-g Laudiiiii', funght on Sim- day and Monday, April 6 and 7, 186-2, was the iirst great 1)attle of the AVar of the Kebellion, and tlie importance of this victory for the I^nion eanse was at onc-e recognized and appreciated in the i^^orth. The events prior and leading np to this great hattle between the Xorth and the Sonth have long since become American his- torv ; nevertheless, wrong impressions ha^-e been formed, caused by the many conflicting written statements of the many writers. The events of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in February, 1862, brought Grant before the country with much prominence, and his reputation as a fighting General was at once established and recognized throughout the nation. He outshone in promi- nence nearly all others except, perhaps, General George B. Mc- Clellan. The disasters to the Southern cause luul a depressing effect on the people of the South and caused them to make great efforts in hopes to retrieve what had been their misfortune to lose. In the North it added much strength and confidence, and created a sanguine feeling of an early termination of the war. This notion or belief not only prevailed among the citizens of the entire Xorth, but also among the soldiers they had sent to fight the battles of the war. It had been shown already that the successful ofiicers were to be those from West Point, but even they were getting their first experience in the handling of large masses of men. There were many ambitions yet to be satisfied, and many wished for a chance to do what General Grant had done. These conditions prevented that unanimity of purpose which is essential for military success and the prospect for an early close of the war. General Halleck, the originator of the plans so successfully 15 Indiana at Shiloh accomplished by Grant, alone seemed displeased, and npon a very flimsv excuse at the begianiug of an important campaign about to be undertaken removed General Grant from the command of the Army of the Tennessee, replacing him with General C. F. Smith. Halleck's ambition seemed to have been greater than his patriotism, and the blunders made by him came near converting the victory at Donelson into a national disaster. The army, under the successor of Grant, General C. F. Smith, moved up the Tennessee River into the very jaws of the Confed- eracy, with the intention of rendezvousing at Savannah, on the east side. Sherman was sent forward oa the Yellow Creek expe- dition for the purpose of destroying railroad communication to the west of Corinth, Avhich was the objective point of the cam- paign. The high waters made Sherman's mission a failure, and he was compelled to return. It was reported to General Smith that a more convenient place for disembarking his army was at Pittsburg Landing, ten miles above Savannah, and on the west side of the river, from which direct roads led to Corinth. General Smith, therefore, ordered his troops to concentrate there. It was General Smith's plan, approved by Flalleck, that whatever force he was able to collect at Pittsburg Landing by about the middle of March he was to move at once against Corinth. At that time the Confederates had but few troops there, and any considerable force would have found an easy conquest, and the important rail- roads at that point would have been in possession of the Union army. The events that followed, preventing the consumnuition of these plans, seemed at the time too insignificant to be noted. The headquarters of the army were on a transport in the Ten- nessee River, and General Smith had not yet been to Pittsburg Landing. Fie wished to give some orders personally to General Lew Wallace and consult him in regard to the advance on Corinth, and ordered his boat to lie alongside of the one on which General Wallace had his headquarters. General Smith, in attempting to jump from one boat to the other, fell and injured his knee severely and to such an extent as to disable him, and he was removed to the Cherrv residence in Savannah, wliich he never left k; The Battle of Shiloh alive. Halleck was notified of the accident to General Smith and its serious aspect, and was compelled to reinstate Grant in com- mand, but issued orders in connection to the effect that the con- templated advance on Corintli should be suspended until General Buell, with the Army of the Ohio, which was then at ^N^ashville, should join the Army of the Tennessee, and that the latter army should go into camp at Pittsburg Landing pending the arrival of Buell, and also that Grant should make his headquarters at Savannah. This arrangement gave the enemy an opportunity to concen- trate their scattered forces. By the first of April they had an army ready for action larger than the Federal Army concentrated at Pittsburg Landing, which was waiting for the arrival of Buell. General Albert Sidney Johnston, who was in command at Corinth, was still smarting under the criticism and abuse of the Southern press for the loss of Kentucky and Forts Henry and Donelson, now saw his opportunity to recover his prestige and reputation by striking a blow for the Southern cause that could put the Confederates in a position to become the aggressors and compel the North to give up all that had been gained. The plans of General Johnston were known to only a few of his most intimate Generals and officers. It was decided to strike the army under Grant at Pittsburg Landing before he could con- nect with Buell, and the aim was to force the Union left flank to the Landing, double the army up in the marshes of Owl Creek, compelling it to surrender. Wlien the time arrived for execution, Johnston firmly and de- cidedly ordered and led the attack in the execution of his general plan, and, notwithstanding the faulty arrangement of troops, was eminently successful up to the moment of his fall. Had not Gen- eral Johnston lost his life, but succeeded in destroying the Army of the Tennessee, it can well be imagined what the result might have been upf)n the destiny of this countr3\' The Confederacy had already been recognized by Great Britain, and the lukewarm- ness of some other European nations tow^ard this Government could be plainly noticed. A Union disaster of such magnitude (2) 17 Indiana at Shiloh and a Confedorate victory of such iiii])ortaiico and at such a time wouhl no douht luive brought general recognition and forced us to open the Idockaded ports of the South. The loss of the Battle of Shiloh, with the death of General Albert Sidney Johnston, who fell mortally wouuded, was a severe one for the Confederacy— in fact, it was the beginning of the end of the great War of the Kebellion. On the Union side, the success of (Irant caused great enthusi- asm and c-eneral rcjoiciug throughout the Xorth. (leneral Hal- leck alone seeiue*! displeased, llis predictions had been proven unreliable. IS Shiloh National Military Park TIIK Sliiloh National .Military Park was established by act of Congress, approved December 27, 1894, iu order that ''the Annies of the Sonthwest may have the history of one of their memorable battles preserved on the gronnd where they fonght." A Xational Commission was appointed, representing the Fed- eral and Confederate Armies that engaged in the battle. Under the provisions of the act of Congress the Secretary of War ap- pointed as Commissioners Colonel Cornelins Cadle, of Cincinnati, Ohio, for Army of the Tennessee, Chairman; General Don Carlos Bnell. of Paradise, Kentncky, for Army of the Ohio ; Colonel Iiol)ort K. Looney, of Memphis, Tennessee, for Army of the Mississi])pi ; ^lajor D. W. Reed, of Chicago, Illinois, Secretary and Historian, and Ca])tain James W. Irwin, of Savannah, Ten- nessee, Agent for the Purchase of Land. The Commission met and organized A})ril 2, 1895, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, and at once entered u})on the discharge of its duties under the direction of the Secretary of War. Mr. -Tames M. lliddell was a|)])ointed Clerk of the Commission. Mr. Atwell Thom])son, civil engineer, of Chattanooga, Tennes- see, was empl«\yed to take charge of the work. Under his direc- tion surveys were made and parallel lines run across the field, from north to south, every two hundred feet, upon which stakes were set two hundred feet apart. From this survey levels were taken and a contoured topographical map made of all the land within the limits of the Park — al>out 3,700 acres. Ceneral Don Carlos Ihudl died on November 19, 1899, and ]\rajor J. If. Asheraft, late of the Twenty-sixth Kentucky Volun- teers, was api)ointe(l in his place. Colonel Pobert F. Looney died Xovendx'r 1!», 1899, and Colo- nel .Tosiah Patterson, late of the First Alabama (Javalrv, was 19 Indiana at Shiloh appointed in his place. Colonel Patterson died February 12, 1904, and General Basil Duke, of Louisville, Kentucky, was appointed to fill the vacancy. The Governors of the States whose troops were engaged in the battle on either side were requested by the National Commission to recommend to their several legislatures the enactment of the necessary laws, so that the individual States could cooperate with the National authorities in the erection of monuments, tablets, and other appropriate memorials to perpetuate in an enduring manner the heroic bravery of the men who fought on this bloody field of battle. Of the Northera States, Indiana, while it did not have the greatest number, was, nevertheless, represented by nineteen regi- ments of infantry, two batteries of artillery and one regiment of cavalry. It was exceeded in numbers by the States of Illinois and Ohio. Of the Southern States, Tennessee had the greatest number of troops in the battle, and as Shiloh National Park is located in that State, it will no doubt be the first of the Southern States to join this National memorial to the soldiers who fought on this bloody field. Much labor and work has been done by the large number of men employed in order to restore as near as possible to the same condition the battlefield as it was on April 6 and 7, 1862. Fine boulevards and roadways have been constructed leading to every point of interest in the Park. Metal signs aad tablets give the visitor all necessary information, so that guides are not necessary. The Government, at its own expense, is placing the foundation for each monument, thus obtainiag solid and lasting structures upon which to erect them. The Park, when completed, will be superior in beauty and interest to any National Park now in existence. Everything that can add to its beauty and interest is being done. The 6th aid 7th of April, 1003, was agreed upon by the Com- mission as the proper time for the dedication of the Indiana monuments erected— that being the forty-first anniversary of the great Battle of Shiloh. 20 \ Historical Sketch OF EACH INDIANA ORGANIZATION PRIOR TO THE BATTLE OF SHILOH THE short historical sketches hereafter given of each Indiana organization represented by a nionnment in the National Military Park at the Battlefield of Shiloh are intended to only embrace the services of each up to the Battle of Shiloh. The photo-engi-ftvings of the monuments show the inscriptions of each organization in front. The historical inscriptions are placed on the back of same. The location of each Indiana monument placed in the National Military Park, together with the names of the Commanders of each battery, regiment, brigade and division to which they were attached, will also be found. 21 MAJOR GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT Commander of the Union Army, known as the Army of the Tennessee, in the battle of Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862. Assisted on April 7th, the second DAY'S battle, BY THE ARMY OF THE OHIO, UNDER COMMAND OF MAJOR GENERAL DON CARLOS BUELL. GENERAL ALBERT SIDNEY JOHNSTON CONFEDERATE STATES ARMY Commander in Chief of the Confederate Army, known as the army of the mississippi, in the bat- TLE OF Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862. He fell on Sunday, the 6th, the first day'S battle, at 2:30 P.M., WHILE in front COMMANDING HIS TROOPS IN THE THICKEST OF THE BATTLE. GENERAL G. T. BEAUREGARD, BEING SECOND IN COMMAND, SUCCEEDED TO THE COM- MAND OF THE ARMY. ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE Major General U. S. GRANT COMMANDING COLONEL GEORGE F. McGINNIS ELEVENTH INFANTRY Eleventh Infantry T]1E Eleventh Txeoinieiit was (listiui-nished not only as a fighting regiment, hut had the honor of fnrnishing one Major General and two Brigadier Generals who served their country in the held and in civil life with honor and dis- tinction. The regiment was organized and mnstcred into service for three months at Indianapolis on the 25th of April, 1S61, with Lewis Wallace as Colonel. In the early part of May it moved to Evans- ville, where it remained on duty blockading the Ohio River to prevent the shipping of contraband goods to insurrectory States. On the Tth of June the regiment left Evansville for Cumberland, Maryland, and was assigned to General Thomas A. Morris's First Indiana Brigade and placed on detached service. Under instruc- tion from General Robert Patterson it marched against a force of about five hundred Confederates at Romney, Virginia, which influenced General J. E. Johnson in his decision to evacuate Harper's Ferry. A skirmish at Kelley Island, with the loss of one man, and a few marches thereafter, ended the three months' service. In the latter part of Jnly the regiment reached Indi- anapolis for muster-out and reorganization. It was mustered into the three years' service on the 31st day of August, 1S61, with Lew Wallace as Colonel, and left Indianapolis for St. Louis. Missouri, on the 0th of September. On the Sth the regiment embarked on a steamer for Paducah, Kentucky, where Lieutenant Colonel George E. McGinnis was made Colonel, vice Lew Wallace, appointed Brigadier General. During its long encampment at Paducah, by daily drilling and instructions the regiment became very efficient and was recognized afterward as one of the best drilled regiments in the army. It marched to Calloway's Landing,, on the Tennessee River, and returned to Paducah. On the 5th of February the regiment wa* 27 This page first gives the location of the Monunient erected by the State of Iiidiaha, in memory of her Eleventh Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu- ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. ELE\T:XTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION Line 112, Station 90-75 and GO feet west, in Crescent field, 325 feet west of the Seventy-fifth Ohio Monument and about 275 feet east of the Twenty-fourth Indiana Jiegiruent Monument location. 11TH REGIMENT INFANTRY (ZOUAVES) COMMANDED BY COL. GEORGE F. McGINNIS 1ST BRIGADE — COL. M. L. SMITH 3D DIVISION-MAJ. GEN. LEWIS WALLACE ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE INDIANA 11TH INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. GEORGE F. McGINNIS From Crump's Landing, April 6, 1862, this regiment marched TO Stony Lonesome; thence. 12 m. to a point near Clear Creek; COUNTERMARCHING THERE, IT REACHED BATTLEFIELD, VIA SAVANNAH noAD, 7;30p.m. April 7th, ENGAGED enemy 5 ; 30 A.m., DROVE him BACK TO THIS POSITION, WHERE IT WAS FURIOUSLY ASSAILED FOR TWO HOURS. Enemy gave way. Pursued him till nightfall, halting ON south side OF Shiloh Branch. Casualties— killed, 11 men; WOUNDED, 1 OFFICER AND 50 MEN; TOTAL. 62. Eleventh Infantry transjKirted by steamer to the yicinitv of Fort Henry, diseuibark- ing- on the op]^o.site side, near Fort Hcinian, where a slight skir- mish took phice. It was actiyely engaged in the battle of Fort Donelson, anl(iye(l, and after occu])ying this position f(»r a considerable length of time the I'egiment was ordered to advance and take a position half a mile to the front, on a hill, and within five hundred yards of a rebel battery. The position at this point was on the right of Thomi)son's Battery, where it was held under a heavy tire fi-om the enemy's guns for two hours, when the enemy ga^-e way, followed up by the Fleventh. The advance was slow but steady and certain. About 10 o'clock the regiment was notified that, in conjunction with the Twenty-fourth Indiana, it would be required to charge and take a rebel battery, but as the enemy vacated their position the or'ana, in memory of her Twenty-third Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on hhiloh National Mili- tary Park, at l^ittsbur- Landing. Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the ba0 teet southeast of the Seventy-eii^htli Ohio Monument in the woods. 23 D REGIMENT INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. WILLIAM L. SANDERSON 2D BRIGADE-COL. J. M. THAYER 3D DIVISION -MAJ. GEN. LEWIS WALLACE ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE INDIANA 23D INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. WILLIAM L. SANDERSON FROM Stony Lonesome, April 6, 1862, at 12 m.. this regiment MARCHED TO A POINT NEAR CLEAR CREEK; COUNTERMARCHED THERE. IT REACHED BATTLEFIELD. VIA SAVANNAH ROAD. 7:30 P M. APRIL 7TH, FORMED LINE OF BATTLE AT SUNRISE. ENGAGED THE ENEMY. DROVE HIM TO THIS POSITION. WHERE TWO HOURS OF DESPERATE FIGHTING OCCURRED. Enemy retreated, followed by this regiment until nightfall. CASUALTIES-KILLED, 7 MEN; WOUNDED, 1 OFFICER AND 34 MEN; MISSING. 1 MAN; TOTAL, 43. COLONEL ALVliM P. HOVEY TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY Twenty-fourth Infantry THE Twenty-fourth liegiiiient was organized and mustered into service at Vincennes on the 31st of July, 1861, with Alvin P. Hovey as Colonel. On the 19th of August it left camp to join Fremont's army at St. Louis. The regiment soon moved into the interior of Missouri, wliere it remained until February, 1862, when it was ordered to reinforce the army then investing Fort Donelson. Reaching Paducah, Kentucky, the day after the surrender of Fort Donelson, it proceeded to Fort Henry, where it remained until the advance of Grant's army to Pittsburg Landing. It was encamped at Crump's Landing, and from there it marched, on the 6th of April, to Stony Lone- some, thence at noon to a point near Clear Creek. Counter- marching tlicre, it reached the battlefield at 7 o'clock p.m., a ad early in the morning of the 7th the entire brigade was at once formed in line of battle. About 6.30 o'clock a.m. skirmishers were tlirown out in advance, wdio were at once fired upon by the enemy, but the Twenty-fourth held its ground and, advancing, drove the rebels before them. Thence it passed through a small woodland ravine into an open field, and on a double-quick rushed forward to support one of the Union batteries, which was playing with deadly effect upon the rebel batteries, until the enemy was compelled to fall back, unable to maintain the position. A halt was now ordered for a few minutes, while shot and shell rained thick and fast. The Twenty-fourth, with the First Brigade, again advanced and passed through another field, where a stub- born and desperate conflict ensued. About 11 o'clock a.m. three gallant officers of the regiment fell — Lieutenant Colonel Gerber, Captain McGuffin, and Lieutenant Southwick. The skirmishers and battery again forced the rebels back, closely follow^cd by the brigade, into a strip of woods, where a 41 This pag-e lirst givt-s the location of tlie Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of her Twenty-fourth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Hliiloh National Military Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument: and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. TWENTY-FOURTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION Line 114, Station 9(5-85 and SO feet west. In the south end of Crescent field and ")00 feet west of the Seventy-sixth Ohio Monument. 24.TH REGIMENT INFANTRY comya\[)::d e/ COL. alv:n p. hovey 13T BRIGADE-COL. W.. L. SMITH 3D DIVISION- MAJ. GEN. LEWIS WALLACE ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE INDIANA 24TH INFANTRY COMMANDED EY COL. ALVIN P. HOVEY From Crumps Landing, April 6, 1862, this regiment marched TO Stony Lonesome, thence 12 m. to « point near Clear Creek; COUNTERMARCHED THERE, IT REACHED BATTLEFIELD, VIA SAVANNAH ROAD, 7:30 P.M. April 7th, engaged the enemy at 5:30 a.m., drove him BACK to this position, WHERE IT WAS FURIOUSLY ASSAULTED FOR TWO HOURS. Enemy gave way, pursued him till nightfall, halting on SOUTH side of ShILOH BRANCH. CASUALTIES— KILLED, 3 OFFICERS AND 3 MEN; WOUNDED, 1 OFFICER AND 44 MFN; TOTAL, 51. Twenty-fourth Infantry terrible conflict of musketry ensued, which continued for several liours, the enemy contesting every inch of ground. During the day every company of the Twenty-fourth was deployed as skir- mishers. It fought bravely and gallantly during the entire day, halting on the south side of Shiloh Branch when victory was pro- claimed by cheers over cheers from all over the battlefield. 45 COLONEL J. C. VEATCH TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY Twenty-fifth Infantry THE Twenty-fifth Ileginient Avas organized at Evansville July 17, 1861, and mustered into service for three years at the same place on August 10, 1861. The regiment moved to and remained in camp at St. Louis, Missouri, until September 14th, when it proceeded to Jeiferson City and from thence to GeorgetoAvn. In October it participated in the march of Fre- mont's army to Springfield and back again to Otterville, march- ing two hundred and forty miles ,iu about two weeks' time. It remained in the vicinity of Otterville and Lamine River bridge until December, when it marched with Pope's Division south of AVarrensburg, forming part of the auxiliary force that captured thirteen hundred rebels on the Blackwater on the 19th of Decem- ber. It took charge of 'the prisoners an)l iliarched them to Sedalia, from thence by rail to St. Louis, and joined the transports to reinforce the expedition up the Tennessee River against Fort Donelsoa. It took an active part in this battle, «with a loss of sixteen killed and eighty wounded. It formed a part of the storming party on the 15th that w^ent into and held the outer works of the fort, with a loss of four wounded. On the 5th of March it left Fort Donelson, marched to Fort Henry, and there embarked on transports, disembarking at Pitts- burg Landing on the 18th, 'where it remained in camp until the 6th of April, when it participated in the Battle of Shiloh, engag- ing the enemy on both days. The regiment was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel William H. Morgan and attached to the Sec- ond Brigade (Colonel J. C. Veatch) of General Hurlbut's Divi- sion, Army of the Tennessee. The position assigned to it was on the edge of the field used as a review ground, where it remained for nearly an hour. The forces engaging the enemy were driven back from the front of this regiment and a large part of the retwatiug eolurnu was driven through the lines of the 47 This page first gives the location of the Monument erected Ijy the State of Indiana, in memory of her Twenty-fifth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Mili- tary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. TWENTY-FIFTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION Line 94, Station S4-87 and 12 feet east, on north side of Corinth Koad, and just west of the point where the road leading to General McCleriiand's headquarters intersects it; 200 feet northwest of McAllister's Battery Monument. 25TH REGIMENT INFANTRY COMMANDED BY LIEUT. COL. WILLIAM H. MORGAN 2D BRIGADE-COL. J. C. VEATCH 4TH DIVISION — GEN. HURLBUT ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE INDIANA 25TH INFANTRY COMMANDED BY LIEUT. COL. WILLIAM H. MORGAN (wouNoeo) MAJ. JOHN W. FOSTER This regiment took this position at 9 a.m., April 6, 1862, and HELD IT against A FIERCE ASSAULT OF THE ENEMY FOR TWO HOURS. BE- ING FLANKED, FELL BACK 100 YARDS; AGAIN IT FELL BACK 100 YARDS. HERE REGIMENT WAS FURIOUSLY ASSAILED BY INFANTRY AND ARTILLERY, WHICH CAUSED IT TO FALL BACK SLOWLY TO THE RIGHT OF THE SIEGE GUNS, WHERE IT RESTED SUNDAY NIGHT. ON MONDAY, APRIL 7, REGIMENT CONTINUED IN BATTLE DURING THE DAY. CASUALTIES — KILLED, 2 OFFICERS AND 19 MEN; WOUNDED, 4 OFFICERS AND 111 MEN; MISSING, 3 MEN; TOTAL, 139. (4) Twenty-fifth Infantry Twenty-fifth. TJie lines of this regiment contimied nnbrokea. It fought bravely and gallantly, and an attempt to give a perma- nent check to their progress was unavailing. The regiments on its right began to waver and fall back, compelling the Twenty- fifth to do likewise in order to keep from being completely sur- rounded by the overwhelming numbers attacking. Here Lieu- tenant Colonel William II. Morgan, commanding the regiment, was wounded and carried from the field. The cormnand of the regiment was assumed by Major John W. Foster, who rallied the men to their colors, which action no doubt saved it from entire dismemberment. Early next morning the regiment was formed again in line of battle, and fought with skill and courage to the end of the engage- ment. The following account of the great battle, written by Major John W. Foster, of the Twenty-fifth Indiana, is the most clear relation we have yet mot with : [New York Semi-Weekly Tribune, Tuesday. April 22, 1862.] Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April 7, 1862, Dear Father — Tired, worn out, almost exhausted, I have just brought the remnant of the noble Twenty-fifth Indiana back into our old camp from the front of the hardest fought, most strongly contested and bloodiest battlefield upon the American continent. But I can not lie down without first preparing a short account of it, to assure you of my own personal safety, the gallant .conduct of our regiment, and the glorious triumph of our arms. A ter- rible conflict of two full days of continuous fighting has this even- ing left us in possession of the field, which was at one time almost lost. Yesterday (Sunday) morning, about 6.30 o'clock, just after we had finished breakfast, we were attracted by a continuous roar of musketry, with occasional discharges of artillery on our extreme left, near the river. In a few minutes we were in line of battle and moving forward to the attack. We had hardly left the camp before we saw the roads full of our flying men, and all along the route for the two miles we passed over were strewn 51 Indiana at Shiloh guns, knapsacks and blankets, and ^ve found to our dismay that our front had been completely surprised, one whole division scat- tered and retreating in utter confusion, and the enemy in force already a mile within our camps. \ MAJOR JOHN W. FOSTER COMMANDING TWENTY-FIFTH INDIANA REGIMENT AT SHILOH, APRIL 6 AND 7, 1862 AVe were drawn up in line of battle, our brigade, under com- mand of Colonel Veatch, in a skirt of timber bordering a large field, on the outer edge of which our troops were engaging the enemy. But the enemy pressed on in overwhelming force, and just as the troops in front of us began to waver we discovered that the 52 Twenty-fifth Infantry enemy had flanked iis on the right and was rapidly advancing (in what force "\ve knew not, bnt the woods were perfectly swarming) to attack onr brigade on the right and rear. So it became neces- sary for us to change onr front to the rear to meet them. The Fifteenth Illinois was on the right, the Fourteenth Illinois in the center, and the Twenty-fifth Indiana on the left ; the other regiment^ — the Forty-sixth Illinois- — by the rapid flanking of the enemy becoming detached from the brigade, was not with us again during the whole action. This brought the first fire upon the Fifteenth Illinois, which stood it nobly but was soon overpow- ered; likewise the Fourteenth. In the meantime the troops in front and on the left w^ere completely routed by the enemy and came pell-mell right through our lines, causing some little con- fusion, and hardly had they passed through to the rear before the enemy were upon us, and here the fire of musketry was most terrible. Our men tried to stand up to it, but everything was breaking to pieces all around us and it was more than we could do, short of annihilation. We poured in a few well-directed volleys and reluctantly left the field, many of our men firing as they fell back. The loss here was A-ery heavy. All the field ofiicers of the Twenty-fifth Illinois were killed instantly, and many com- missioned officers; two of our Lieutenants were killed and three wounded, and one of our Captains is either killed or a pris- oner. We Avill make thorough search for him on the field in tlie morning. We left dead on this field fifteen men killed almost instantly on the first fire, and a large number wounded. At the first fire Lieutenant Colonel Morgan was wounded in the leg (not seri- ously), and was immediately carried off the field. Frcmi this time I led the regiment in person. I did all I could to make the men contest the ground firmly as they fell back, and on the first favorable ground, about one hundred yards from the first line of battle, I planted the colors and mounted a fallen tree, and, waving my hat with all my might, I cheered and called upoa the men to rally on the flag — never to desert their colors. All of the left wing responded to my call most nobly, and rallied with 63 Indiana at Shiloh considerable alacrity under a most galling and dangei-ous fire. I did not see Colonel Morgan fall, and supposed he had charge of the right wing, but the various Captains collected a large num- ber of men, and as soon as I got under cover of the regiments on the left and rear they brought their men up and joined me, and I thus had still quite a battalion, notwithstanding the killed and number wounded, and the straying or lost ones. The men who came to me at this time had been "tried in the furnace" and were true men, and during all the trying scenes of the rest of the day and of today they never faltered in obeying my commands and did most bravely. As soon as our brigade was collected Colonel Veatch moved us over to the right to support General McClernand's Division, which was being very hard pressed by the enemy, said to be com- manded by Beauregard. The left, so our prisoners report, was commanded by Bragg and the center by Johnston. They also report that the column that attacked our brigade in the morning, of which I have just spoken, numbers 12,000 under Bragg, and that the whole force was near 100,000, but we do not know — only that it was very large, sufficiently so to attack our extensive camp on all sides in heavy force. In the afternoon our pickets reported the enemy advancing against us, on the left of General McClernand. As soon as we had drawn them well up by our picket skirmish, under Captain Rheinlander, the Fourteenth Illinois flanked them and was just beginning to pour upon them a heavy fire, while we were moving up to the assistance of the Fourteeath in fine style, when the whole mass of our left, which had for five or six hours been steadily and stubbornly contesting the victorious advance of the enemy in that direction, gave ^vay in all directions, about half -past three, and came sweeping by us in utter and total confusion — cavalry, ambulances, artillery, and thousands of infantry, all in one mass, while the enemy were following closely in pursuit, at the same time throwing grape, canister and shells thick and fast among them. It was a time of great excitement and dismay. It appeared that all was lost; but I was unwilling to throw our regiment into 54 Twenty-fifth Infantry the flying mass, only to be trampled to pieces and thoroughly dis- organized and broken. So I held them back in the wash on the side of the road until the mass of the rout had passed, when I put my men in the rear of the retreat and by this means fell into a heavy cross fire of the enemy, but I preferred that to being crushed to pieces by our own army. Here we lost a number of men killed, and many wounded. Among those who fell, wounded badly in the leg, was Sergeant Major William Jones, who had stood right by me fearlessly through the whole day. This rout decided that day's work. We were driven back nearly to the river landing, but still the ground was strongly defended all the time, but the enemy kept pressing us in all the time, and if at this time they had made a bold and united charge all along their line we would have been totally and utterly routed ; but a half -hour's apparent cessation of heavy firing gave om- scattered forces time to rally, while the first two regiments of Buell's long-expected advance took position on the hill in the rear, and our forces fell back and formed with them near the landing for a final stand. About 5 o'clock in the evening the enemy made a heavy charge and attempted to carry this position. The contest was most ter- rible ; the roar of musketry was one continuous peal for near half an hour. All that saved us was two heavy siege pieces on the hill and the firmness of our men on this last stand. Night closed in on us, with almost the whole of our extensive camps in the hands of the enemy. It was a gloomy night for us all, and to add to our discomforts we had a heavy rain with no shelter. But we had saved enough ground to make a stand upon, aad during the night 20,000 fresh troops from Buell's army were transported across the river and Lew Wallace moved up his division from below on our right. This morning at dawn of day began one of the grandest and most terrific battles ever fought. Buell moved forward on the left and center, and Wallace on the right, with their fresh troops, while Grant's army steadily followed them up and held the ground firmly as it was gained. From early in the morning until 3 o'clock in the afternoon the roar of musketry and artillery was 55 Indiana at Shiloh one almost continuous thunder. It was grand ])e_vond description. I have not time to tell you of it in this letter, and you will have it fully described in the newspapers. The enemy fought with great desperation and steadiness, but Wallace continued to press them on the right, driving them to the left, and Buell pressing them on the left, driving them to the right, until they were getting completely outflanked, when at 3 o'clock our brigade was ordered up to the front and center and directed to charge the retreating enemy, but they traveled too fast for us. Nothing but cavalry could reach them. We re- mained on tlio outposts until evening, and then came in to get a good night's sleep in our camp after the fatigues of a two days' steady fight. The night is terribly disagreeable- — rainy and chilly — and tens of thousands of troops are sleeping on the bare ground with no covering, just as we did last night. Indiana has borne an honorable part in the great battle. I know that the Ninth, Eleventh, Twenty-fifth, Thirty-first, Thirty- second, Forty-fourth and Fifty-seventh Regiments were engaged, and I think the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth, with several others, I have no doubt, though I have been too busy on the field to know much of it ; have not even had time yet to see Colonel Morgan or our wounded officers and men. The Forty-second was busy here today, but I hardly think it was in the fight, though it may have been. Thompson's Battery is said to have done noble work. Alecy was busy with the trains and baggage. The enemy came right up to our tents ; the camp was shelled ; he had to move wagons and baggage to the landing ; did his duty well. But we are back again tonight. I tried in this terrible conflict to do my duty well, and I am willing to leave to my officers and men the judgment. I forgot to mention Colonel Veatch. He acted with great cool- ness and courage, and was always with his brigade in the thickest of the fight. He had two horses shot under him, but escaped unharmed. ' Your affectionate son, John W. Foster. ' A. H. Foster, Regimental Quartermaster. 56 COLONEL CHARLES CRUFT THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY T Thirty-first Infantry HE Thirty-first Regiment was organized at Terra Haute, and mustered into service for three years on the 15th of September, 1861, with Charles Cruft as Colonel. Soon after it moved to Kentucky and went into camp at Calhoun, on Green Eiver, where it remained until a few days prior to the siege of Tort Donelson. Moving from Calhoun on the 11th of February, 1862, it reached the Battlefield of Fort Donelson in time to participate in the engagement of the 14th and 15th and was present at the surrender on the 16th of February. In this engagement it lost twelve of its members in killed, fifty- two wounded, and four missing. It then marched across the country to Fort Henry. On March 10, 1862, it joined General Grant's expedition up the Tennessee River to Pittsburg Landing, arriving there on the 15th, and was assigned to the Third Brigade of General S. A. Hurlbut's Division. On the 5th of April General Lauman was assigned and took command of the Third Brigade. On Sunday morning, the 6th of April, 1862, about 7.30 o'clock, the rapid volleys of musketry from camps to the front indicated tlie conmiencement of the battle. Soon after an order was received from the General commanding the brigade to form the regiment for action. In a few minutes it was in brigade line on the right and the brigade was moved in column to the front along the Hamburg road. The re.giment was formed in line of battle in the position indicated by Brigadier General Lauman, wldch posi- tion became known as the ''Hornets' Nest," and during the terrific enffacements the woods in front caught fire and many dead and wounded were burned. At this tune the battle was progressing actively upon the right and left of the main line. Soon the enemy attacked in great force and with much desperation. The attack was met with perfect coolness and with a low and steady fire. After the expenditure of some thirty rounds the enemy was repulsed. I'he advance of tlie rebels was within ten yards of the 59 This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of her Thirty-first Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu- ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. THIRTY-FIRST INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION Line (il^, Station tKi-GO and 70 feet east, in the woods west of Peach Orchard and on the south side of the old sunken road, 400 feet to the right of the Forty-fourth Indiana Eegiment Monument location and about 1,000 feet nearly west of the P>loody Pond. 31 ST REGIMENT INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. CHARLES CRUFT 3D BRIGADE-GEN. LAUMAN 4TH DIVISIOIM-GEN. HURLBUT ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE INDIANA 31ST INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. CHARLES CRUFT (wounded) LIEUT. COL. JOHN OSBORN This regiment took this position Sunday, April 6, 1862, at 8: 30 a.m., and held it against repeated charges of the enemy un- TIL 2:30 P.M. During this time the woods in front caught fire, AND MANY DEAD AND WOUNDED WERE BURNED. ThE REGIMENT WAS THEN transferred TO THE LEFT AND WAS ENGAGED EAST OF THE HAMBURG ROAD UNTIL 4 P.M., WHEN IT SLOWLY RETIRED TO THE SUPPORT OF THE SIEGE GUNS. On Monday, April 7th, it was engaged during the day ON the right center OF THE ARMY. CASUALTIES — KILLED, 2 OFFICERS and 19 MEN; WOUNDED, 4 OFFICERS AND 110 MEN; MISSING, 2 MEN; TOTAL, 138. Thirty-tirst Infantry Third Brigade line, and the slaughter among the enemy was ter- rible. A second attack was shortly made with increased fury. The line of the Third Brigade stood unbroken, however, and after exhausting nearly the last cartridge again repulsed the enemy. Here a slight cessation in the attack occurred barely long enough to procure fresh ammunition from the rear. The cartridge boxes of the men were scarcely filled when, for the third time, the enemy again attacked. The line stood firm and again succeeded against superior numbers. A fourth assault was soon made, which was gallantly repulsed, when the enemy withdrew, leaving the Thirty-first with the balance of the brigade in position. The enemy, retreating, moved off toward the left of the main line. During the action the Thirty-first fired an average of about one hundred rounds per man. The great number of the enemy's dead left lying along in front when he retreated attested the accuracy and steadiness of the fire. Early in the afternoon, about 2 o'clock, an order was received to move to the left. This was promptly executed. For some min- utes the brigade was halted near the Hamburg road, to protect Willard's Battery, which was then playing upon the enemy. The various regiments were then moved farther to the left and the Thirty-first to the extreme left and placed in position to await the expected attack. The action soon commenced. It became apparent that the enemy was preparing for a flank movement in great force. This shortly took place in compact lines, and regiment after regiment marched up from a large ravine to the left with Confederate flags flying in perfect order, as if on dress parade, and came nearer and nearer. The Thirty- first advanced promptly, but the advance could not be sustained in the absence of a reserve against the overwhelming force of the enemy. After a desperate struggle, in which some ten rounds were fired, the regiment on the left was forced back. An order was now given along the entire line to fall back and a general retreat was made about 4 o'clock p. m. to a ridge nearer the river. Here the regiment was again formed in brigade line and marched up to the support of a section of a battery of 63 Indiana at Shiloh large siege guns, and occupied this position during the desperate fight which closed the day. After the repulse of the enemy the Thirty-first was moved for- ward with the residue of the brigade about tliree-fourths of a mile and there bivouacked for the night. Colonel Cruft, having been wounded in the first day's engage- ment, Lieutenant Colonel John Osborn took command of the regi- ment and early next morning reported to General W. T. Sherman, where it soon became actively engaged in the general fight of the right center of the army, and in the fiercest part of the battle, and served with him until the close. The regiment lost many brave officers and men, among them INIajor Arn, who was mortallv wounded. CAPTAIN GEORGE HARVEY COMPANY I, THIRTY-FIRST INDIANA, KILLED ON SUNDAY. APRIL 6, 1862 (34 COLONEL HUGH B. REED FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY Forty-fourth Infantry THE Forty-fourth Kegiment was raised in the old Tenth Con- gressional District and rendezvoused at Fort Wayne, where the organization of the regiment was completed on the 24th of October, 1801, with Hugh B. Eeed as Colonel. On the 22d of IsTovember the regiment was mustered into the United States service by Lieutenant H. E. Stansbury, U. S. A. On November 23d it was ordered to Indianapolis, where it went into camp, and on the 26th left for Evansville, from thence to Henderson, Kentucky. Reporting to General Thomas L. Crittenden, it was assigned to Colonel Charles Cruft's Brigade and went into camp at Calhoun, on Green River, and made numerous marches on scouting expeditions in search of marauders. It broke camp Feb- ruary 9, 1862, and was transported by steamer to Paducah, Ken- tucky, and from there to Fort Henry, on the Tennessee River. February 11th it was assigned to General Lew Wallace's Division, which, with Commodore Foote's fleet of gunboats, was sent to Fort Donelson by way of the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers and landed five miles below Fort Donelson, where it disembarked on the 14th and moved to the right of the Union lines in a fierce and raging snowstorm. It formed at once into line of battle and participated in the siege in all its fury. On the following day it was in the hottest of the battle, losing many men in killed and wounded. The regiment was the first to march into the town of Dover, and had the honor of receiving and stacking the guns of a number of Confederate regiments. From Fort Donelson it marched in advance across the country to Fort Henry, and on March 10th embarked on board the steamer Memphis, forming a part of General Grant's army, which embraced a fleet of eighty steamers and gunboats, arriving at Pittsburg Landing on the 15th, and was assigned to the Third Brigade of General S. A. Hurlbut's Division, Army of the Tennessee. Its camp was established one mile from the river landing, at a point where the Hamburg 69 This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of her Forty-fourth Regiment Infanti-y Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on tlie back of Monument. FORTY-FOURTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION Line 60, Station ()2-63 and 20 feet west, west of the old Peach Orchard field and 10 feet east of the old sunken road in which the regiment fought, 1,000 feet east of the Fifth Ohio Battery Monument and 400 feet to the left of the Thirty-first Indiana Regiment Monument location; also 500 feet west of the Park gravel road, .500 feet a little south of west from the cedar tree planted by a Southern lady after the battle, by the name of Mrs. Perry Cantrill, marking the spot where she thought the Confederate General, Albert Sidney Johnston, was killed; also 1,000 feet nearly due west of the Bloody Pond, nearly on a straight line passing by the cedar tree. 44TH REGIMENT INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. HUGH B. REED 3D BRIGADE-GEN. LAUMAN 4TH DIVISION-GEN. HURLBUT ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE INDIANA 44TH INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. HUGH B. REED This regiment formed in this line Sunday, April 6, 1862, at 8 -.30 A.M. It repulsed several charges made by the enemy, includ- ing four terrific charges by right of GIBSON'S Brigade, which, under orders of Gen. Bragg, was attempting to force this part of the line back. During these engagements the woods caught fire. At 2 : 30 p.m. regiment fell back to a line with 1st Brigade, then TO REAR and left OF THE BlOODY POND, WHERE IT CHARGED ON ENEMY'S infantry and artillery. here seven flag-bearers were shot down. At 4: 30 p.m. slowly fell back and supported siege guns. Mon- day, April 7th, regiment fought the enemy till 3 p.m. Number of men in action, 478. casualties— killed, 1 officer and 33 men; wounded, 6 officers and 171 men; missing, 1 man; total, 212. Forty-fourth Infantry and Savannah road crosses the road from Pittsburg Landing to Corinth, Mississippi. A picket line was established and the Forty- fourth was one of the first regiments on the picket line on the great Battlefield of Shiloh, which was three weeks before the battle took place. It became thus familiar and conversant with the locations and surroundings of the country in front of the Union forces prior to the battle. On the 5th of April, 1862, General Lauman Avas assigned and took command of the brigade (the Third). At 6.30 o'clock, Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, the booming of cannon and roar of musketry began without any warning whatever in froat and on the extreme left, near the river, and spent cannon balls came rolling through the regimental camp grounds. The regiment was then hurriedly formed into line of battle, numbering four hundred seventy-eight men. In the midst of excitement and the beating of the long roll it was moved forward to the attack, and on its advance was met by a large body of fleeing and panic- stricken men. Guns, knapsacks and blankets were strewn every- where. An entire division was seen scattered and retreating, which looked as though the whole Union army had been sur- prised. The enemy at this time was already a mile within the Federal Army camps. The regiment and brigade formed into line of battle again at 8.30 o'clock a.m., west of a peach orchard, in an old sunken road in a dense woods (where its monument is now erected), facing west. In its front through the woods in an open field the Third Brigade was formed in the following order : The Seventeenth and Twenty-fifth Kentucky Regiments on the left, the Forty-fourth Indiana on the right center, with the Thirty- first Indiana on the right, joining the left of General Prentiss' Division, which had been driven back. The First Brigade of Gen- eral Hurlbut's Division took position on the left of General Lau- man's Brigade, facing south, supported by Mann's and Ross's Batteries, and became known as the "Hornets' Nest" (now a mat- ter of history). This location was occupied by General Prentiss, General W. H. L. Wallace and the right of General A. S. Hurl- but's Divisions. The position occupied by the Forty-fourth Regi- 78 Indiana at Shiloh ment was tlie geographical left center of the Union Army, called the key position. Here the enemy advanced in force and commenced the attack in front, right and left. Generals Gladden and Stephens, Con- federate Brigades, made two desperate charges, bnt both were repulsed and the enemy was driven back with heavy loss. The fighting, however, continued with desperation and mthout cessa- tion. At this point the Confederate General Bragg became deter- mined to force the Federal troops back, it being considered the key position, and rode with his staff to the front for the purpose of investigating the situation, and ordered Gibson's Brigade to the front with orders to charge the Federal lines and if possible drive them back. Four desperate charges were now made in succession across an open field, exposed to a heavy fire, clear into the woods, with its right in front of the Forty-fourth, where each charge was repulsed and driven back with great loss. The regiment held its position during all the desperate charges and continuous fighting, without cessation, for six hours. The firing w^as so fierce and the bullets so thick that the brush and saplings were cut off as though it had been done with a sickle, while the larger trees were torn by can- non shot and shell. From the excessive heat caused by constant infantry and cannon firing during the six hours of continuous fir- ing the dry leaves in the woods caught fire and were consumed in flames among the Confederate dead and wounded. On account of the excessive heat and smoke, and the danger of the left of the division being flanked, the regiment and brigade were ordered to fall back, which it did, and then formed its second line in a peach orchard in conjunction with the First Brigade, which was held for thirty minutes by fierce charges made upon it, in conse- quence of which it fell back to the rear of the historic Bloody Pond, where it formed its third line. Here the regiment was ordered to charge the advancing enemy, but, being overpowered, fell back to its third line, losing many men, among them seven flag-bearers. In front of this charge General Albert Sidney Johnstoa, Commander of the Confederate Army, lost his life, hav- ing being strucl< bv n minie balk 74 Forty-fourth Infantry About 3 o'clock p.m., General Rnggles, in command of the Confederate Artillery, massed on a commanding position ten bat- teries of artillery and a section of two small siege guns, in all sixty-two cannons, in front of the "Hornets' Nest," and in front of the Forty-fourth's third position. This vast and deadly array of artillery opened fire on the "Hornets' Nest" and on the Union lines in its front with shot, grape and canister, compelling them, with its artillery, to recede. The rebels here tried to cause a stampede by flank movements. At 4.30 o'clock P.M., the regiment fell slowly back toward the landing, where it formed its last line behind the Federal siege guns supporting them, where one hour of heavy cannonading, the gunboats in the river, Tyler and Lexington, assisting, was contin- ued until darkness shaded the bloody field, which stopped the further advance of the enemy and the battle of the day closed. The Forty-fourth was then, without any rations in their haver- sacks, ordered on the picket line, where it performed its duty during the night in a drenching rain. On Monday morning, April 7th, the regiment was ordered to the front, and at 8 o'clock a.m. was in the "Perry Field" and reported to General Sherman. It fought in the right center of the army in the fiercest part of the battle until the engagement was at an end — 3 o'clock p.m. Its loss during the two days' engagement was appalling, being over forty-four per cent., as is shown by the historical inscription on its monument. During the two days' battle one hundred sixty rounds of cartridges to a man were fired. The regiment was highly praised in the official reports of its brigade and division commanders for its bravery and patri- otic valor displayed during the two days' battle. ib Sixth Battery THE Sixth Battery of Light Artillery (Morton Battery) was recruited at Evansville and mustered into service at Indianapolis September 7, 1861, with Frederick Behr as Captain. On October 2d the battery left Indianapolis by rail and pro- ceeded by way of Evansville to Henderson, Kentucky, thence to Calhoun, South Carrollton and Owensboro, Kentucky. In the spring of 1862, it joined General Sherman's comnumd at Paducah, and on the 4th of March moved witli General Sherman's Division to the Tennessee River on steamers and disembarked at Pittsburg Landing. MoA^ing to the bridge over Owl Creek on the Purdy road, it guarded the bridge and was in that position on the extreme right, when, on the morning of the 6th of ApriJ, tlie rapid advance of the enemy opened the Battle of Shiloh. For over two hours the battery held its position, supported by McDowell's Brigade, but was eventually forced back by the strong columns of the enemy. While the battery was retiring it was met by General Sherman at the intersection of the Corinth road, who gave orders to Captain Behr to bring his guns into battery. Directly after this order was given Captain Behr was struck by a musket ball and fell dead from his horse. The loss of this brave oflEicer caused confusion and the enemy, pressing vigorously for- ward, captured most of the guns of the battery, sixty-eight of tlie horses having been killed. After the death of Captain Behr, Lieutenant Mueller assumed command. !Rew guns were procured and the battery moved with the army upon Corinth. 77 This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of her Sixth Indiana Battery Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument, SIXTH INDIANA BATTERY LOCATION Line 110, Station 82-55 and 50 feet west. On south side of Purdy Road and 150 feet west of the Monument to Schwartz's Battery. 6th BATTERY MORTON'S COMMANDED BY CAPT. FREDERICK BEHR 1ST BRIGADE-COL. J. A. MCDOWELL 5TH DIVISION -GEN. SHERMAN ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE INDIANA 6TH BATTERY, MORTON'S COMMANDED BY CAPT. FREDERICK BEHR This battery was ordered into action, at this place, by Gen. W. T. Sherman, at 10:30 a.m., April 6, 1862. Capt. Behr was shot from his horse and fell dead. Casualties — killed, 1 officer; wounded, 5 men; total, 6. Ninth Battery THE Niutli l^attery of Light Artillery completed its organiza- tion at Indianapolis and was mustered into the sei*vice on the 20th of December, 1861, with ISToah S. Thompson as Captain. On the 2Yth of January, 1862, the battery left by rail for Cairo, Illinois, where it remained until March 27th, drilling and preparing for active service. It then embarked on a steamer and proceeded to Crump's Landing, where it disembarked on the 31st of March, to join General Lew Wallace's Division. The battery left Stony Lonesome at 12 o'clock, noon, April 6th, attached to Lew Wallace's Division, and reached the battle- field at 7.30 o'clock that evening and at 11 o'clock that night moved into position in front of a rebel battery on the enemy's extreme left, and at 5.30 o'clock on the morning of the 7th opened fire with the first shot of the day. After a desperate and gallant firing of the Xinth Battery for a considerable length of time the enemy's front was broken and he fell back. The battery advanced fully a mile, supported by infantry, and took up a new position, keeping up a continuous fire of shot and shell into the rebel ranks until the ammunition was exhausted, having fired over 1,100 rounds that day. It was then 4 o'clock, and soon after the continuous cheering was ample notice that the desperate day's work was done and that the battle had been won. During the entire engagement the ISTinth Battery was in command of First Lieutenant George R. Brown, who was a very efficient and capable officer. The Ninth Battery, in command of Captain George R. Brown, homeward Ijoiind at the close of the war, when its time for enlistment had already expired ninety days, took passage on a steamer for Cairo, and when near .Johnsonville. on the Tennessee River, the boilers of the boat blew up, killing tliirty-eight men of the battery and scalding and wounding fifty-eight more. The entire battery of guns was blown into the river, where it still lies. An eifort is now being made to have the Government raise these guns. (6) 81 This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of her Ninth Indiana Battery Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military Parle, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. NINTH INDIANA BATTERY LOCATION Line 68, Station 142 and 100 feet east. In Perry Held, 50 feet ncjrth of center of Glover Road and 300 feet west of Savannah Koart. 9TH BATTERY THOMPSON'S (.NOT BRIGADED) 3D DIVISION MAJ. GEN. LEWIS WALLACE ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE INDIANA 9TH BATTERY, THOMPSON'S COMMANDED BY 1ST LIEUT. GEORGE R. BROWN April 6, 1862, this battery left Stony Lonesome at 12 m., by SHUNPIKE ROAD; COUNTERMARCHING AT A POINT NEAR CLEAR CREEK, IT REACHED THE BATTLEFIELD, VIA SAVANNAH ROAD, AT 7 : 30 P.M. FROM THIS POSITION, April 7th, 5:30 a.m., it opened battle v^/ith first SHOT OF the day. IN JONES' FIELD, NEAR OGLESBY HEADQUARTERS, after 1,100 ROUNDS FIRED BY THE BATTERY, AMMUNITION BEING EX- HAUSTED, IT RETIRED, BY GENERAL LEVi/IS WALLACE'S ORDERS. CASUAL- TIES—KILLED, 1 MAN; WOUNDED, 5 MEN; TOTAL, 6. ARMY OF THE OHIO Major General DON CARLOS BUELL COMMANDING Sixth Infantry THE Sixth Indiana Eegiment was organized and mustered into the United States service at Indianapolis April 25, 1861, nnder the first call of President Lincoln, with Thomas T. Crittenden as Colonel. On the 30th of May the regiment left Indianapolis, via Cincin- nati and Parkersburg, for the scene of conflict in Western Vir- ginia. The regiment arrived at Webster on the 2d of June and marched with other troops, the same night, through a drenching rain a distance of fourteen miles, and on the morning of the 3d took part in the first battle of the war at Phillippi. After the battle of Phillippi the regiment was ordered to Graf- ton, West Virginia, to become a part of General Thomas A. Morris's Brigade. After joining this brigade the regiment par- ticipated in the march to Laurel Hill, and also in the battle of Carrick's Pord, on July 12, 1861. The Sixth Eegiment, having served the full term of its enlist- ment, returned to Indianapolis and was mustered out of service August 2, 1861. It hnmediately reorganized at Madison for a term of three years and was mustered into the service the second time September 20, 1861. On the same day the regiment, under command of Colonel Thomas T. Crittenden, was sent to Kentucky to take part in the campaign against the Confederate General Buckner, who was then invading Kentucky. The regiment, which had been hurried to Louisville, Kentucky, where it arrived the same night, was not yet uniformed nor had it had but little if any experience in drilling. In October, 1861, the regiment was assigned to General Ifousseau's Brigade of General McCook's Division. It remained in Kentucky until 1862, when it was sent to Tennessee. On March 29th it left Nashville, march- ing to Savannah, Tennessee, a distance of one hundred and forty miles, arriving at that point early in the morning of April 7th, 87 This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of her Sixth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Mon- ument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. SIXTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION Line 72, Station 83-2-i and 7 feet east, on north side of Corinth Road, about 25 feet from the center of the road, and east edge of Duncan field, 205 feet southeast of the Fifty-eighth Illinois Monument. 6TH REGIMENT INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. THOMAS T. CRITTENDEN 4TH BRIGADE~GEN. ROUSSEAU 2D DIVISION-GEN. McCOOK ARMY OF THE OHIO INDIANA 6TH INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. THOMAS T. CRITTENDEN This regiment arrived on the battlefield at 6 a.m., April 7, 1862. At 8. A.M. advanced under the fire of a battery of artil- lery. Occupied this position from 10 a.m. to 1 1 :30 a.m. Enemy gave way; regiment followed until late in the day. casualties- KILLED, 4; WOUNDED, 36; missing, 2; total, 42. 4^ i-fk Sixth Infantry and on the Battlefield of Shiloh before 7 o'clock a.m. At 8 o'clock it advanced under the fire of a battery of artillery and took an active part in the engagement of that day, fighting stubbornly and gallantly until the end of the battle. 91 LIEUTENANT COLONEL WILLIAM H. BLAKE NINTH INFANTRY Ninth Infantry THE Ninth Indiana Regiment was early to respond to the call of arms. It was organized and mustered into the service for three months at Indianapolis on the 25th of April, 1861, with Eobert H. Milroj as Colonel. It w-as the first Indiana regiment to leave the State for Western Virginia, departing from Indianapolis on the 29th of May and arriving at Grafton on the first of June. Yrom Grafton it marched to Phillippi with the troops commanded by Colonel Kelly, and took part in the battle of Phillippi on the morning of June 3d. After the capture of the Confederate camp at Phillippi, the regiment returned to Grafton and was there assigned to the brigade of General Thomas A. Morris and took part in all of tlie marches and campaigns of this brigade, aad in the engagements at Laurel Hill, Virginia, July 10, 1861, and Carrick's Ford, Virginia, July 14, 18G1. The regiment returned to Indianapolis during the latter part of July and was mustered out of service by reason of expiration of term of enlistment. On August 27, 1861, it reorganized for the three years' service at Laporte and was mustered into service September 5th, with Robert H. Milroy again in command as Colonel. Soon after it went to Western Virginia, where it remained until February, 1862, participating in the battles of Green Brier and Allegheny under General Joseph J. Reynolds. Colonel Milroy having been promoted to Brigadier General, the regiment was commanded by Gideon C. Moody, who was mustered as Colonel ISTovember 15, 1861. At Fetterman, Virginia, on February 19, 1862, it was ordered transferred to General Euell's army and sent to Nashville, Ten- nessee, via Cincinnati. Upon arrival in that city it was assigned to General Nelson's Division, and on March 29th began the march to the Tennessee River, arriving on the battlefield during the night of April 6th. Early next morning it formed into line of 93 This page first gives the location of the Moniiment erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of her Ninth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu- ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Moniiment. NINTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION Line 50, Station 72-85 and 55 feet west. In southern end of Wicker field, 275 feet southeast of the Forty-first Ohio Monument. 9TH REGIMENT INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. GIDEON C. MOODY 19TH BRIGADE-COL. HAZEN 4TH DIVISION-GEN. NELSON ARMY OF THE OHIO INDIANA 9TH INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. GIDEON C. MOODY This regiment arrived on the battlefield at 9 p.m., April 6, 1862, MOVED UPON THE ENEMY AT DAYLIGHT OF THE 7TH, WAS HOTLY ENGAGED AT THIS PLACE 10 A.M. REPULSED A HEAVY ATTACK FROM THE FRONT (south), AND CHARGED WITH BRIGADE TO THE RIGHT (wEST), AND DROVE BACK THE ENEMY. AT 12:30 P.M. WAS SENT BY GEN. NELSON ACROSS THE ROAD TO THE LEFT TO THE AID OF COL. AMMEN. CASUAL- TIES — KILLED, 1 OFFICER AND 16 MEN; WOUNDED, 7 OFFICERS AND 146 MEN; TOTAL, 170. Ninth Infantry battle ; skirmishers were thrown to the front and the regiment advanced about half a mile under a heavy fire. The skirmishers of the regiment drove the enemy from one of their batteries, but were unable to retain possession of it. The ISTinth at once moved rapidly forward, firing upon the enemy as it advanced, who stub- bornly held their position and fought desperately for about two hours. The rebels finally ceased firing and Colonel Moody retired his men, they having exhausted their ammunition. After replen- ishing their cartridge boxes the regiment was again fired upon by the enemy, who attempted a flank movement, but was driven back with heavy loss. After resting a short time the enemy again appeared in force, preparing to charge one of the Union batteries. Colonel Moody was ordered to meet the enemy and drive him back, which duty he performed in a gallant manner by pursuing him closely and delivering a destructive fire, resulting in a terrible loss to the rebels. In the middle of the day the regiment was sent by General N^el- son across the road to the aid of Colonel Ammen, where valuable services were rendered. The regiment fought desperately wdth courage and determination, to the end of the battle, and was pub- licly complimented by General ISTelson for gallantry, and espe- cially mentioned in his report of the battle, and later he presented it with a splendid flag to show his estimation of the braA^e and gallant services rendered bv this reo-iment in that battle. (7) COLONEL GEORGE D. WAGNER FIFTEENTH INFANTRY Fifteenth Infantry THE Fifteenth Eegiment was organized as one of the first six regiments of State troops at Lafayette, in May, 1861, but was too late for the three months' call of the President^ and thereupon reorganized and was mustered into the United States service for three years on the 14th of June, 1861, with George D. Wagner as Colonel. It soon after arrived in Indianapolis'' and went into camp, leaving for Western Virginia on July 1st, by way of Cincinnati, Ohio, where it remained until July 4th; thence by rail to Clarksburg, from which city it marched to Eich Mountain, arriving there on the 11th, while the battle was in pro- gress, and next day joined in the pursuit of the enemy, capturing many prisoners. The regiment was afterward stationed at Elk- water Valley, where it remained until I^ovember 19th, taking an active part in the operations of General Reynolds, amoag which was the repulse of General Lee and the battle of Green Brier. It was conveyed by rail to Parkersbiirg, Virginia, thence by Ohio Eiver to Louisville, Kentucky, where it arrived on the 30th of November and was assigned to General ]STelson's Division, Army of the Ohio. It took an active part in the campaign of Gen- eral Buell, and arrived upon the Battlefield of Shiloh on Monday, April 7, 1862, in time to participate in the winding up of that great battle. It formed in line of battle at 2 o'clock p.m. and was under fire of both infantry and artillery and assisted in driving the enemy from the field. 99 This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of her Fifteenth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military Park, at Pittsburg Landing. Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu- ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. FIFTEENTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION Line 86, Station 66-65 and 30 feet west, on the south side of the Purdy Road and across the road from the Walker House, 375 feet from the Fortieth Indiana Resinient location. 15TH REGIMENT INFANTRY COMMANDED BY LIEUT. COL. GUSTAVUS A. WOOD 21ST BRIGADE-COL. GEORGE D. WAGNER 6TH DIVISION — GEN. WOOD ARMY OF THE OHIO INDIANA 15TH INFANTRY COMMANDED BY LIEUT. COL. GUSTAVUS A. WOOD This regiment arrived on battlefield from Savannah, about 12 M., April 6, 1862; was ordered to front by Maj. Gen. Grant. It FORMED ON THIS POSITION IN LINE OF BATTLE AT 2 P.M., AND ASSISTED IN DRIVING THE ENEMY FROM THE FIELD. THE REGIMENT VJ/^S UNDER FIRE OF BOTH INFANTRY AND ARTILLERY, BUT SUSTAINED NO LOSS. COLONEL JOHN T. WILDER SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY Seventeenth Infantry THE Seventeenth Regiment was organized at Camp Mor- ton, Indianapolis, during May, 1S61, and was mustered into the United States service on the 12th of June, 1861, for three years. On the 1st of July it left Indianapolis, via Cincinnati, for Park- ersburg, Virginia. It remained in this vicinity until the 23d, and by rail moved to Oakland, Maryland, on the north branch of the Potomac. It was engaged until the 7th of August in constructing the fortifications known as "Camp Pendleton," thence marched to Cam]) AYickliffe, near ]^ew Haven, where it remained until Feb- ruary 10, 1S62. After moving toward Green River it arrived at E'ashville on the 12tli of March, and there remained until the march to the Tennessee River was begun. Colonel Hascall, being appointed Brigadier General on the 25th of March, was succeeded by Lieutenant Colonel John T. Wilder. Leaving l^ashville on the 29th of March, the regiment reached the field of Shiloh at 12 o'clock on the night of April 7, 1862. This page first gives the location of the Monumeut erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of her Seventeenth Regiment Infantry Volunteers on Shiloh National Military Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu- ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. SEVENTEENTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION Line 26, Station 129-85 and 85 feet east. Near W. H. L. Wallace's Headquarters Monument and Iowa State Monument, behind the last line occupied by the Army of the Tennessee on Sunday night, April 6, 1862. 17TH REGIMENT INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. JOHN T. WILDER 15TH BRIGADE-GEN. HASCALL 6TH DIVISION-GEN. WOOD ARMY OF THE OHIO INDIANA 17TH INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. JOHN T. WILDER This regiment arrived on the battlefield at 1 2 cclock on the NIGHT OF April 7, 1862, too late to participate in the battle, was IN LINE OF BATTLE ON THE MORNING OF THE 8TH. COLONEL JOHN F. MILLER TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY Twenty-ninth Infantry THE Twenty-ninth Regiment was organized at Laporte and mustered into service for three years at Camp Jackson, on the 27th of August, 1861. Arriving at Indianapolis in the early part of October, it went by way of Madison to Louisville, Kentucky, thence to Camp l^evin, where it was assigned to the Fifth Brigade, commanded by General T. J. Wood. It joined General Rousseau's command and moved with the army to the vicinity of Munfordsville, remaining there until the movement upon Bowling Green took place, in February, 1862. Reaching ISTashville in March, it moved with Cook's Division to the Tennes- see River, arriving at Savannah, Tennessee, about midnight, April 6th, very much fatigued. At 2 o'clock on the morning of April 7th the regiment was taken on board a steamer for Pittsburg Landing, arriving on the battlefield at 6.30 o'clock a.m. Forming into line of battle, it moved forward to the front and center of the army and was held in reserve to support General Rousseau, whose brigade was seriously engaged with the enemy. The Twenty- ninth, about noon, became desperately engaged and was heavily assailed by the enemy for more than two hours. Between 2 and 3 o'clock the Fifth Brigade, to which the Twenty-ninth belonged, relieved General Rousseau's Brigade. The regiment obtained a position facing an open field, which was known as "Woolf Field," at the right of Water Oaks Pond, and while advancing received a terrific fire of shot and shell. The enemy now massed his forces for a last desperate struggle, placing his artillery on a commanding ridge to the right, left and center. The Twenty-ninth took a position on the extreme right to guard against a charge of the enemy, while the new lines were reformed for action. It withstood the desperate charges made by the enemy and fought with valor and desperation until the enemy left the field of battle. Ill This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of her Twenty-ninth Regiment Infantry Vohmteers, on Shiloh National Mil- itary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. TWENTY-NINTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION Line 106, Station 92-,50 and 90 feet west. In the woods west of the pond and 'water oaks," 650 feet northwest of the Twenty-fourth Illinois Monument. 29TH REGIMENT INFANTRY COMMANDED BY LIEUT. COL. DAVID M. DUNN 5TH BRIGADE — COL. E. N. KIRK 2D DIVISION-GEN. McCOOK ARMY OF THE OHIO INDIANA 29TH INFANTRY COMMANDED BY LIEUT. COL. DAVID M. DUNN This regiment arrived on battlefield at 6:30 a.m., April 7, 1862. It went to the front and center of the army, where it was held in reserve. It formed on this line about 12m., and was HEAVILY assailed BY THE ENEMY FOR TWO HOURS, WHEN THE ENEMY RE- TIRED. Casualties — KILLED, 4 men; wounded, 4 officers and 72 MEN; TOTAL, 80. (8) COLONEL SION S. BASS THIRTIETH INFANTRY Thirtieth Infantry THE Thirtieth Regi)iient was organized and mustered into service at Fort Wayne oa the 24th day of September, 1861, with S. S. Bass as Colonel. It went into camp at Indianap- olis and a few days afterward embarked for Louisville, Kentucky, thence to Camp ISTevin, Kentucky. On the 13th of October it was assigned to the Fifth Brigade and placed in command of General T. J. Wood, of the Central Division, commanded by Alexander McDowell McCook. On the 11th of December the regiment moved forward to Bacon Creek and went into camp, and soon after moved with Buell's army to Munfordsville and Bowling Green. On the 14th of February, 1862^ it started north to reinforce General (irant, who had attacked the rebel forces at Fort Donel- son. The regiment, however, on account of the terrible condition of the weather and the mipassable roads, after a march of four- teen miles returned to camp, and on the morning of February 16th was on the road to Bowling Green and l^ashville, Tennessee. On March 3d it marched through ISTashville, going into camp four miles south of the city. At this camp while Company C of the regiment was doing picket duty a company of rebels in disguise as Federal soldiers made a charge upon it and captured four of its men. It left this camp on March l7th, and after constructing a bridge across a certain creek marched to Columbia, where it went into quarters. On the last day of March it resumed its march and that night l)ivouacked on the plantation of the rebel General Pil- low, on Mt. Pleasant turnpike. On the morning of April 6th, when numy miles from Savannah, the roar of cannon from the Battlefield of Shiloh could plainly be heard. At 11 o'clock that night the regiment arrived at the river and soon boarded a steamer for Pittsburg Landing, where it arrived at 6 o'clock on the morning of April Ttli. It was ordered with its lu'igade to the firing line and went to the front and right 117 This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of her Thirtieth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military Park, at Pittsburg Lauding, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Mon- ument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. THIRTIETH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION Line 104, Station 00-17 and 63 feet west, in the field west of the pond and "water oaks," 300 feet northwest of the Thirty-fourth Illinois Monument, and about 100 feet from the gravel road. 30TH REGIMENT INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. SION S. BASS 5TH BRIGADE-COL. E. N. KIRK 2D DIVISION — GEN. McCOOK ARMY OF THE OHIO INDIANA 30TH INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. SION S. BASS (mortally wounded) LIEUT. COL. JOSEPH B. DODGE MAJ. ORIN HURD This regiment arrived on the battlefield Monday, April 7, 1862, AT 6 A.M.; went TO THE FRONT AND RIGHT CENTER OF ARMY. AT 10 A.M. WAS IN LINE IN RESERVE ON THE RIGHT OF GEN. ROUSSEAU'S BRIGADE; ADVANCED AND FORMED ON THIS LINE ABOUT 1 2 M. IT WAS FURIOUSLY ASSAULTED BY THE ENEMY FOR TWO HOURS, WHEN THE ENEMY GAVE WAY IN RETREAT. HERE COL. BASS FELL, MORTALLY WOUNDED. CASUALTIES — KILLED, 12 MEN; WOUNDED, 6 OFFICERS AND 109 MEN; MISSING, 2 MEN; TOTAL, 129. Thirtieth Infantry center of the army, and at 10 o'clock a.m. was in line of the reserve on the right of General I\onssean's Brigade. The ground ocenpied bv this General was the vital position, and it belonged to him to hold the road to the landing. 'J'he position was many times furiously assaulted and each flank movement of the enemy defeated with heavy loss to him. After General Rousseau's Bri- gade had been under a furious fire for some length of time it was relieved by the Fifth Brigade, commanded by Colonel E. N. Kirk. It now advanced and gained a position known as "Woolf Field," at the right of Water Oaks Pond, and moved across an open field in its front. At this point the regiment became again seriously engaged with the enemy. The rebel artillery, located on a commanding ridge to the right, left and center, poured forth a terrific fire of shot and shell, inflicting fearful slaughter. The Twenty-ninth Indiana now took a position on the extreme right to guard against another charge of the enemy while the new lines were being formed. At this point Colonel Sion S. Bass fell, mor- tally wounded, pierced by a musket ball, and was carried oflt the field. Colonel Bass died within a few days from the effect of this wound. Lieutenant Colonel Joseph B. Dodge now assumed command of the regiment. A forward movement was made and the Thirti- eth, some distance in advance of its line, planted its colors and the whole line rushed onward A\dth determination to advance. The enemy tried to crush the center of the Federal lines and thus gain the essential step to victory, but was driven back with great slaughter and pursued some distance by the regiment. The enemy noAv made his last desperate effort of the day, but of no avail. The grand shout of victory was resounding throughout the battlefield. The battle was won. ' 121 Thirty-second Infantry THE Thirty-second Regiment (First German) was organized at Indianapolis, tlirongh the exertions of A^^gust Willich (an officer in the German Revolution of 1848), who was mustered in with the regiment as its Colonel on the 24th of iVugust, 1861. In the latter part of September it proceeded to Madison and from there to Louisville, Kentucky, and in October marched to l^ew Haven, Kentucky, remaining at Camp Nevin until December 9th. It became a part of General R. W. John- son's Brigade of McCook's Division. The regiment moved to Munfordsville and there encamped. The duty of picketing the south side of Green River to protect the working parties engaged in repairing the railroad bridge was assigned to this regiment. On December 17th four companies were furiously attacked near Rowlett's Station by a large force of rebels ; another company of the regiment to the left was attacked at the same time but more feebly. In the meantime two other companies hastened up and the remainder of the regiment crossed to the south side of the river on a bridge constructed the day before by the pontoniers of the Thirty-second. Lieutenant Col- onel Von Treba, assuming the command, advanced this portion of the regiment on the run to the scene of conflict, and soon joined the other companies. The regiment was formed into line of battle, advanced steadily and drove the enemy back. The cavalry then charged first the skirmish line and next the protecting com- panies, and again on the right wing. At this juncture the regi- ment formed a hollow square upon which the Texan Rangers threw themselves to be driven back, severely punished, losing their leader. An infantry charge was then made against the invincible square, which was also repulsed. After this the enemy retired, leaving the Thirty-second in possession of the field. For its gal- lantry on this occasion the regiment was highly complimented in special orders by General Buell and Governor Morton, and the 123 This pag'e first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of lier Thirty-second Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Mili- tary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. THIRTY-SECOND INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION Line 104, Station 83-60 and 107 feet east. On the north side of the Corinth Road at the Wolf field, and just across the road from the Forty-sixth Illinois Monu- ment. 32D REGIMENT INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. AUGUST WILLICH 6TH BRIGADE-COL. W. H. GIBSON 2D DIVISION-GEN. McCOOK ARMY OF THE OHIO INDrANA 32D INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. AUGUST WILLICH This regiment arrived on the battlefield at 10 a.m., April 7, 1862; WAS ORDERED TO THE FRONT BY MAJ. GEN. GRANT. IT FORMED ON THIS LINE ABOUT 12 M., WHEN THE REGIMENT REPULSED AN ASSAULT BY THE ENEMY. DURING THE DAY THIS REGIMENT MADE SEVERAL CHARGES UPON THE ENEMY, DRIVING HIM BACK. CASUALTIES— KILLED, 2 OFFICERS AND 8 MEN; WOUNDED, 4 OFFICERS AND 82 MEN; TOTAL, 96. A Thirty-second Infantry name "Eowlett's Station'' directed to be placed on the regimental colors. In February, 1862, the regiment mo^ed to Bowling Green, thence to ISTashville, where it rested for a brief period. It arrived at Pittsburg Landing at 10 o'clock a.m., April 7th, and received orders from General Grant to start immediately for the field of action. Having arrived at the line of battle, General McCook ordered the regiment to form the reserve of the center of his division. The regiment took its position about two hundred yards in the rear of the second line of battle. It formed into double column to the center and marched about two hundred yards with the intention of making a bayonet charge, when the rebels fell back without stopping to receive the charge ; after which the regi- ment was deployed into line of battle. The whole division then advanced and the Thirty-second formed into the double column to the center again, two companies were deployed as skirmishers in advance until General Beauregard brought up his reserve. The Thirty-second fell back to a ravine, where it was formed again in double column and immediately marched up to charge the enemy again, supported by only one regiment on its left wing. After it had thus advanced for a considerable distance it made a bayonet charge and succeeded, after short and heavy firing, in cheeking the enemy's advance until reinforcements came up, sup- ported by batteries, and fell on both flanks of the enemy. The Thirty-second made its last advance with four companies deployed as skirmishers. Then the regiment advanced on the line of the enemy's retreat for over a mile and bivouacked in an open field, joining its brigade the next morning. 127 Thirty-sixth Infantry THE Tliirty-sixth Regiment was organized at IJiehmond and mustered into the service on the 16th of September, 1861. It was made up of men from Delaware, Wayne, Henry, Randolph, Fayette and Union counties. The regiment left Rich- mond for Indianapolis on the 11th of October, and on the 23d departed for Louisville, Kentucky, with William Grose as Colonel. From Lonisville it went to ISTew Haven and Camp Wickliffe and reported to General William IS^elson, who assigned it to the Tenth Brigade, Fourth Division, Army of the Ohio. On February 10, 1862, the regiment began its march to JSTashville, Tennessee, where it arrived on the 25th. The Thirty-sixth Indiana and the Sixth Ohio were the first Federal troops to enter that city. In the month of March it began its march toward the Tennessee River and arrived on the battlefield at 5.30 o'clock p.m., April 0, 1862, and was ordered by General Grant to at once advance and support Captain Stone's Battery, aad the firing began and con- tinued until near dusk. During the fore part of the night the brigade was advanced a considerable distance and the regiment to its position on the left of the brigade and extreme left of the line of battle. Early in the morning of the 7th of April the Thirty- sixth moved foward with the brigade in line of battle. With two companies thrown forward to the left as skirmishers it steadily advanced, driving the enemy for a distance of nearly two miles, when the engagement became general — advancing slowly, driving the rebel cavalry, infantry and artillery before them and over the same ground fought over the previous day. The regiment advanced and was in the thickest of the engagement from 11 to 1 o'clock. They replenished their cartridge boxes and contin- ued to fight and advance until the enemy was driven from the fiehh (0) 1 2<> This pa^e first .Mves the location of the Monument erected by the f ^ate of Im«ana in ment; and tLra. I^ives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. THIRTY-SIXTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION T- ,n Qf.,ti„n (is-80 and 37 feet east. On the east side of the Hamburs; and Fifth Ohio Cavalry. 36TH REGIMENT INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. WILLIAM GROSE 10TH BRIGADE-COL. JACOB AMMEN ATH DIVISION-GEN. NELSON ARMY OF THE OHIO INDIANA OSTH INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. WILLIAM GROSE This regiment arrived on the battlefield at 5 : 30 p.m., April 6 1 862; WAS ORDERED BY MAJ. GEN. GRANT 1 50 YARDS TO THE LEFT TO SUPPORT CAPT. STONE'S BATTERY, WHERE IT WAS ENGAGED UNTIL DARK AT 5:30 A.M., APRIL 7TH, IT MOVED FORWARD IN LINE OF BAT- TLE ARRIVING AT THIS POSITION ABOUT 1 A. M. REGIMENT CHARGED THE ENEMY AND ASSISTED IN DRIVING HIM FROM THE FIELD. CASUALTIES- KILLED, 1 OFFICER AND 8 MEN; WOUNDED, 1 OFFICER AND 35 MEN; TOTAL, 45. J Thirty-ninth Infantry THE Thirty-ninth IJeginient was innstered into the service of the United States at Camp Morton on the 29th of Angiist, 1861, with Thomas J. Harrison as Colonel. On the 21st of September the regiment left for Louisville, Kentucky. After encamping first on Muldraugh's Hill, near Elizabethtown, and next at Camp Nevin, on Nolih Creek, and Camp Wood, on Green River, where it remained until the middle of February, 1862, it marched with General Buell's army to T^ashville, where it remained in camp until March iTth. From Nashville it marched with General Buell's army to Savannah to reinforce (ieneral Grant. The regiment at this time was attached to E. ^Y. Johnson's Brigade of General McCook's Division. The Tlnrty-niuth reached Savannah at 10 o'clock on the night of tlie 6th of April and in the morning of the 7th of April disembarked at Pittsburg Landing. At 10.30 o'clock a.m., guided by the din of battle, it moved upon the field of action and within an hour into line of battle under a galling fire, driving the enemy before them until the danger of being outflanked became so manifest that the order was given to fall back a short distance, keeping up, however, a constant fire. The regiment again advanced under a heavy fire, driving the enemy before them and capturing many prisoners. The rout of the enemy became universal and the battle was won. 133 This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of her Thirty-ninth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Suiloh National Mili- tary Park, at Pittslmrg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. THIRTY-NINTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION Line 100, Station 7«-30 and (J3 feet west, 400 feet northwest of the Forty-ninth Ohio >fonument and in the forks of the Hamburg and Purdy, and the Pittsbur- and Corinth Roads. 39TH REGIMENT INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. THOMAS J. HARRISON 6TH BRIGADE-COL. W. H. 6:BS0'1 2D d;v:s:on-gen. mccoox ARMY OF THE OHIO INDIANA 39TH INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. THOMAS J. HARRISON This REGIMENT ARRIVED ON THE BATTLEFIELD AT 10:30 A.M., MON- DAY, April 7, 1862. At 12 M. regiment moved in line of battle un- der A galling fire, driving the enemy a quarter of a mile. It then FELL BACK 1 50 YARDS TO THIS POSITION, WHERE IT WAS ENGAGED UNTIL 2 P.M. Regiment again advanced under fire, driving the enemy FROM HIS LAST POSITION, CAPTURING 1 5 PRISONERS. CASUALTIES- KILLED, 1 OFFICER AND 1 MAN; WOUNDED, 1 OFFICER AND 33 MEN; TOTAL, 36. COLONEL JOHN W. BLAKE FORTIETH INFANTRY Fortieth Infantry THE Fortieth Eegiinent was organized at Lafayette, with William C. Wilson as Colonel, sworn into service on the 30tli of December, ISGl, and at once proceeded to Ken- tucky, going into camp of instruction near Bardstown. In Feb- ruary, 1862, it moved with General Buell's army to Bowling Green and ISTashville, and from thence marched into Northern Alabama. The Fortieth arrived on the Battlefield of Shiloh about noon on April 7, 1862, in command of Colonel John W. Blake, and was ordered with its brigade to the front by (;ener;il Grant. It formed in line of battle at 2 p.m. and assisted in driving the enemy from the field; Avas under tire of infantry and artillery, but met with no loss. 13!» This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of her Fortieth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu- ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. FORTIETH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION Line 88, Station 68-31 and 28 feet west. On south side of the Purdy Road, across from Review field, and .37.") feet from the Fifteenth Indiana Regiment Monu- ment location, measured along the Purdy Road westwardly from said location. 40 TH REGIMENT INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. JOHN W. BLAKE 21ST BRIGADE-COL. GEORGE D. WAGNER 6TH DIVISION-GEN. WOOD ARMY OF THE OHIO INDIANA 40TH INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. JOHN W. BLAKE This regiment arriveo on the battlefield from Savannah, about 12 m., April 7, 1862; was ordered, with its brigade, to the front BY Maj. Gen. Grant. It formed on this line at 2 p.m., and assisted in driving the ene.vy from the field. It was under fire of infantry and artillery, but sustained no loss. Fifty-first Infantry THE Fifty-first Regiment was organized at Indianapolis on the lltli of October, 1861, and mustered in on the 14th of December, 1861, with Abel D. Streight as Colonel. When fully organized the regiment was sent to Bardstown, Kentucky, to the camp of instruction. In February, 1862, it marched with General Buell's army to ISTashville, where it encamped a while and then moved to the Tennessee River, reaching the field of Shiloh too late to participate in the battle. It formed a part of the Twentieth Brigade, Sixth Division, Army of the Ohio, and rendered valuable services in guarding and bringing up army supplies. 143 This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of her Fifty-flrst Regiment Infantry Volnntters, on Shiloh National Mil- itary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument: and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. FIFTY-FIRST INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION Line 20, Station 120-60 and 18 feet east. Near W. H. L. Wallace's Headquarters Monument aiid Iowa State Monument, behind the last line occupied by the Army of the Tennessee on Sunday night, April G, 1802. 51 ST REGIMENT INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. ABEL D. STREIUHT 20TH ERIQADE-GEN. GARFIELD 6TH DIVISION-GEN. WOOD ARMY OF THE OHIO INDIANA 51 ST INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL ABEL D. SI REIGHT This regiment was detailed by Brig. Gen. James A. Gakheld, at Savannah, Tennessee, to guard and bring up the brigade train, and ALSO the division SUPPLY TRAIN, AND WAS NOT ENGAGED AT ShiLOH. (10) Fifty-seventh Infantry THE Fifty-seventh Regiment was mustered into the sendee on the 18th day of Xovember, 1861, at Richmond, Indiana. It was mainly recruited through the efforts of Rev. J. W. T. McMullen and Rev. F. A. Hardin. Commanded by Colonel C. C. Hines. On the 10th of December the regiment moved to Indianapolis, where it remained to complete its organization until December 23d. It was then transported to Louisville, Kentucky, where it reported to General Buell and was assigned to the Sixth Division of the Army of the Ohio, then organizing at Bardstow'n, Ken- tucky, to which place the regiment marched. In Februai'v, 1862, it was sent by rail to Munfordsville, Kentucky, and from there marched to Xashville, arriving in the early part of March. Saturday morning, ICarcli 29th, the long-expected move to Shi- loh began. Monday, April 7th, found the entire division, seri- ously fatigued and nearly exhausted, in the vicinity of Savannah, eight miles from Pittsburg Landing. Upon arrival at the battle- field it was detached and sent to the left of General Hurlbut's Division, where it rendered valuable services during the remain- ing part of the battle. 147 This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of her Fifty-seventh Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Mill- iard Parkf at Pittsburg Landing. Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. FIFTY-SEVENTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION Line 94, Station 70-77 and 105 feet east. On south side of Purdy P.oad, opposite the center of Review field, 725 feet southeast of the Forty-ninth Ohio Monument. 57TH REGIMENT INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. CYRUS C. HIIMES 21ST BRIGADE-COL. GEORGE D. WAGNER 6TH DIVISION- GEN. WOOD ARMY OF THE OHIO INDIANA 57TH INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. CYRUS C. HINES This regiment arrived on the battlefield about 12 m., Monday, April?, 1862. It formed on this line at 2 p.m. and assisted in DRIVING THE ENEMY FROM THE FIELD; WAS ENGAGED WITH ENEMY'S INFAN- TRY AND ARTILLERY. IT HAD 4 MEN WOUNDED. Fifty-eighth Infantry THE Fifty-eighth Regiment was organized at Princeton, in October, 1861, with Henry M. Carr as Colonel, and in the early part of December left for Louisville, Kentucky. It was assigned to Biiell's army, and during the winter of 1861- 1862 marched through Central Kentucky, stopping a few weeks at Bardstown, Lebanon, Spring Garden and Bowling Green. On tlie 1st of March, 1862, the regiment reached ISTashville and remained there until the 1st of April, when it started for Pitts- burg Landing, which place it reached on the evening of the second day's battle of Shiloh, and prepared at once for action. It was, however, too late ; the battle had been won. After remaining a few days in the vicinity of Shiloh it joined in the siege of Corinth. 151 This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of her Fifty-eighth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Mili- tary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Moi''ument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. FIFTY-EIGHTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION Line 26, Station 129-45 and 28 feet west. Near W. H. L. Wallace's Headquar- ters Monument and Iowa State Monument, behind the last line occupied by the Army of the Tennessee on Sunday night, April 6, 1862. 58TH REGIMENT INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. HENRY M. CARR 15TH BRIGADE-GEN. M. S. HASCALL 6TH DIVISION -GEN. WOOD ARMY OF THE OHIO INDIANA 58TH INFANTRY COMMANDED BY COL. HENRY M. CARR This regiment arrived on the battlefield April?, 1862, too LATE TO participate IN THE BATTLE. Second Cavalry THE Second Cavalry, Forty-first Kegiment, was the first com- plete cavalry regiment raised in Indiana. It was organized in Indianapolis in September, 1861, with John A. Bridge- land as Colonel. On the 16th of December it broke camp and moved across the country to Louisville, Kentucky, and from thence to Camp Wickliffe. In February, 1862, it marched with Buell's army toward ISTash- ville, and from that point to the Tennessee River. It arrived opposite Pittsburg Landing on Sunday evening, April 6, 1862, -with General l^elson's Division; was ordered to remain there until the afternoon of the 7th^ when it crossed the river to the battlefield, where it became for a short time engaged with the enemy. The regiment was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Edward M. McCook. 155 This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in memory of her Second Indiana Cavalry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. SECOND INDIANA CAVALRY LOCATION Location selected for Second Indiana Cavalry Monument, as follows ; north of Corinth Road, and .SOO feet west of Illinois Cavalry Monument. 300 feet 2D REGIMENT CAVALRY COMMANDED BY LIEUT. COL. EDWARD M. McCOOK 4TH DIVISION -GEN. NELSON ARMY OF THE OHIO INDIANA 2D CAVALRY COMMANDED BY LIEUT. COL. EDWARD M. McCOOK This regiment arrived opposite Pittsburg Landing oI'I Sunday Evening, April 6, 1862, with Gen. Nelson's Division. Was ordered TO REMAIN THERE UNTIL IN THE AFTERNOON OF THE 7TH, WHEN IT CROSSED THE RIVER TO THE BATTLEFIELD. CASUALTIES — WOUNDED, 2 MEN; MISS- ING, 1 MAN; TOTAL, 3. RECAPITULATION The fcillowins table shows the total loss of the Indiana regiments and batteries in killed, wounded and missing, in the Battle of Shiluh, on Ai)ril (> and 7, l.st)2, as shown by the foregoing report of historical inscriptions on monuments. COMMANDIXO OFFICER Killed Wounded Miss- ing Akmy OF 9 11 15 17 23 24 25 29 30 31 32 36 39 10 44 51 57 58 Battery 6 9 Cavalry 2d 22 Col. Thomas T. Crittenden Col. Gideon C. Moody Col. George F. McGinni.s Lieut. Col. Gustavus A. Wood Col. John T. Wilder Col. William L. Sanderson.... Col. Alvin P. Hovey Lieut. Col. Wm. H. Morgan . .. Lieut. Col. David M. Dunn Col. Sion S. Bass Col. Charles Cruft 1 1 2 Col. August Willich ; i 2 Col. William Gross Col. Thomas J. Harrison Col. John W. Blake Col. Hugh B. Reed Col. A. D. Streight Col. Cyrus C. Hines Col. Henry M. Carr , Capt. Frederick Beh r 1st Lieut. George R. Brown . Lieut. Col. Edw. M. McCook , Totals 141146 1601 36 146 50 34 44 111 72 109 110 82 35 171 4011049 36 153 51 177 5 5 2 1089 43 51 139 80 129 138 96 45 36 212 4 The Ohio. The Ohio. The Tenn. The Ohio. The Ohio. The Tenn. The Tenn. The Tenn. The Ohio. The Ohio. The Tenn. The Ohio. The Ohio. The Ohio. The Ohio. The Tenn. The Ohio. The Ohio. The Ohio. The Tenn. The Tenn. The Ohio. 1262 15!> BATTLE OF SHILOH The number of men in the Union Army under eonjmand of Major (Jeneral U. S. (irant, known as the Army of the Tennessee, and of Major General Don Carlos Buell, known as the Army of the Ohio, and present at the Battle of Shiloh, on April (J and 7, 1862, was as follows: NAME OF ARMY AND COMMANDERS No. OF Troops Army of the Tennessee, commanded by Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant. Army of the Ohio, commanded by Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell . Total number, Armies of the Tennessee and Ohio 39,830 17,918 57,748 The Army of the Ohio was not engaged in the Battle of SMloli, on Sunday, April 6, 1862, and the Army of the Tennessee had at no time during the battle on Sunday more than 33,000 effective men, and excluding the panic-stricken troops who fled before tiring a shot, there was not a time during Sunday, the 6tli, when there were more tlian 2.1.0O0 men in the battle line and engaged. See Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant's 1st Volume of his Personal Memoirs, page 366. On Monday, the Army of the Ohio, under Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell, could not at any time have had more than 15,000 men engaged; so that on Monday, the second day's battle, the combined forces of the Union Army engaged, could not have exceeded 35.000 men, while the total of the Union Army present during both days of the battle, as shown above, was 57,748, which included staff, hospital, quartermaster, ordnance, medical, nurses, musicians and other departments of the army service. BATTLE OF SHILOH The number of Confederate troops engaged in the Battle of Shiloh, April and 7, 1862, under command of General Albert Sidney .Johnston, which included the Army Corps of Major General Leonidas Polk, Major (ieneral Braxton Bragg, Major General VV. J. Hardee and Major (General J. C. Breckinridge, as shown by the rec- ords, was as follows: NAME OF ARMY AND COMMANDER No. OF Troops Army of the Mississippi, commanded by General Albert Sidney Johnston | 43,968 The above figures, in accordance with Confederate Army reports, show the number of enlisted men engaged in the Battle of Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862, was 43,9(t8. According to the custom of enumeration of the Confederate Armies in the South, this number probably excluded generals and staff officers, army chaplains, quartermasters, commissary, ordnance, medical, hospital, nurses, musicians and all other departments of army service— everybody who did not carry a gun or serve a cannon— which would have in that event increased the above report to an army of 50,000 men. The Confederate loss during the two days' battle at Shiloh, as shown in the report of Gen. G. T. Beauregard (see page 32) after the battle, shows a total loss of 10,699, of whom 1,728 were killed; 8,012 wounded, and 959 missing. Gen. U. S. Grant says in his Personal Memoirs, Vol 1, page 367, that this estimate of the loss must be incorrect; that we buried, by actual count, more of the enemy's dead in front of the divisions of McClernand and Sherman alone than was reported, and 4,000 was the estimate of the burial parties for the Avhole field. 1(10 BATTLE OF SHILOH Table showing loss in killed, wounded and missing of the Army of the Tennessee, under Major General U. S. (irant, and of the Army of the Ohio, under Major General Don Carlos Buell, in the Battle of Shiloh, on April B and 7, ISCL', by divisions. ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, MAJOR GENERAL U. S. GRANT DIVISION COMMANDER Killed 1st 2d 3d 4th 5th 6th Maj Gen. John A. McClernand Brig. Gen. W. H. L. Wallace Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace. Brig. Gen. S. A. Hurlbut . Brig. Gen. W. T. Sherman Brig. Gen. B. M. Prentiss Unassigned Totals ARMY OF THE OHIO, MAJOR GENERAL D. C. BUELL >', Killed Wounded Capt'd and Missing '11 < o I H in c 6 2; DIVISION COMMANDER 05 U 0) c O ■f. o £-1 X o i t3 1 I U ?6 1 EH 2d Brig. Gen. A. McD. Cook 6 82 88| 32 791 823 7 7 918 4th Brig. Gen. William Nelson 5 88 93 36 567 603 ....| 20 20 716 5th Brig. Gen. T. L. Crittenden.... 6 54 60 24 353 377 t •■ 28 28 465 6tli Brig. Gen. T. J. Wood 4 4 4 Totals - 17 224 241 92 1715 1807 55 55 2103 RECAPITULATION Killed Wounded Capt'd and Missing CO ►J [ ; i 1 u £ 1 a 1 Orant, p. 287. 'Halleek's telegram to t'ullum, March 1, 1862. * 11 War Records, p. 3. '7 War Records, p. 674; 11 War Records, p. 6. (12) 177 Indiana at Shiloh while he was in command at Paducah. With these he was ordered to report to General Smith. He reached Sav^annah on the 14th of ]\Iarch and was ordered by General Smith to j^i'oceed up the river to some point near Eastport and from there make an attempt to break the Memphis and Charleston Railroad in the vicinity of Bnrnsville, Mississippi.^ Previous to this time a g'lmboat fleet had passed up the Ten- nessee River as far as Florence. At Pittsburg Landing this fleet encountered a small force of Confederates, consisting of the Eighteenth Louisiana Infantry, Gibson's Battery of Artillery, and some cavalry. The gunboats shelled the position and drove away the Confederates. A bursting shell set fire to and destroyed one of the three buildings at the landing. The fleet proceeded up the river to Florence, and on its return landed a small party at Pittsburg Landing to investigate. This party found a dismounted thirty-two-pounder gun on the river bluff, and about one mile out a hospital containing several Confederate soldiers that had been wounded a few days before in the engagement with the fleet. Near the hospital a Confederate picket post stopped their advance and the party returned to the boats. In the report made by the officer in connnand of this naval ex]iedition is found the first mention of Pittsburg Landing, that little hamlet on the Tennessee River so soon to become historic. When General Sherman's command was passing Pittsburg Landing, Lieutenant Gwin, of the United States Gunboat Tyler, pointed out to (xcneral Sherman the position that had been occu- pied by the Confederate battery, and informed him that there was a good road from that point to Corinth ; that it was, in fact, the landing place for all goods shipped by river to and from Cor- inth. General Sherman at once reported tliese facts to General Smith and asked that the place be occupied in force while the demonstration was being made against Burnsville. In compliance with this request, General Hurlbut's Division was at once dis- patched by boats to Pittsburg Landing. General Sherman proceeded up the river and landed his division at the mouth of Yellow Creek, a few miles below Eastport, and • 10 War Records, p. 22. 178 Shiloh Campaign and Battle made an atteiupt to niareli to Burnsvillo. Heavy rains and high water compelled his return to the boats. Finding no other acces- sible landing place he dropjied down to Pittsburg Landing, where he found Hurlbut's Divis^^ion on boats. Sherman reported to General Smith that Eastport was occupied in force by the Confederates, and that Pittsburg Landing was the first point below East])ort that was above water, so that a landing of troops could be made. He was directed to disendjark his division and Hurlbut's and put them in camp far enough back to afford room for the other divisions of the army to encamp near the river. On the 16th of March Sherman landed a part of his division, and, accompanied by Colonel McPhersou, of (Jeneral Halleck':; Staff, ]narched out as far as Monterey, eleven miles, dispersing a Confederate cavalry camp. Returning to the river he spent two days in disembarking his troops and selecting camps, and on the li!th moved out and put his troops into the positions to which he had assigned them, about two and one-half miles from the landing. Pittsburg Landing, on the left bank of the Tennessee Kiver, eight unles above Savannah, was at that time simply a lauding place for steamboats trading along the river. Its high bluff, at least eighty feet above the water at its highest flood, afforded a safe place for the deposit of products unloaded from, or to be loaded upon, the boats. From this landing a good ridge road ran southwesterly to Corinth, Mississippi, twenty-two miles away. One mile out from the river the Corinth road crossed another road running north and south parallel with the river, and con- necting Savannah below with Hamburg, four miles above Pitts- burg Landing. One quarter of a nnle beyond this crossing the Corinth road forked, the part known as Eastern Corinth road I'unning ne:'.rly south until it intersected the Bark mad, three miles from the river. The other, or main road, running due west from the fork, crossed the Hamburg and Purdy road two miles from the river, and then, turning southwest, passed Shiloh Churcdi just two and one-half miles from the river. At a point fire mihvs out this 181 Indiana at Shiloh main road intersected the Bark road at the southwest corner of what is now the lands of the Shiloh National Military Park. The Bark road, running nearly due east to Hamburg, forms the south- ern boundary of the park. On the south side of the Bark road ridge is Lick Creek, which has its rise near Monterey, and empties into the Tennessee about two miles above Pittsburg Landing. Xorth of the main Corinth road, and at an average of about one mile from it, is Owl Creek, which flows northeasterly and empties into Snake Creek at the point where the Savannah road crosses it. Snake Creek empties into the Tennessee Eiver about one mile below Pittsburg Landing. All these streams flow through flat, muddy bottom lands and are in the spring of the year practically impassable, and in April, 1862, could not be crossed except at two or three places where bridges were maintained. These streams therefore formed an excellent protection against an attack upon either flank of an army encamped between them. The general surface of the land along the Corinth road is about on the same level, but is cut up on either side by deep ravines and watercourses leading into the creeks. In many of these ravines are running streams with the usual marshy margins. In 1S62 this plateau was covered with open forest Avith frequent thick undergrowth and an occasional clearing of a few acres surrounding the farmhouse of the owner. Sherman selected grounds for his division camps just behind a stream called Shiloh Branch, McDowell's Brigade on the right, with his right on Owl Creek at the bridge where the Hamburg and Purdy road crosses the creek ; Buckland's Brigade next in line to the left, with his left at Shiloh Church ; Hildebrand's Brigade to the left of the church ; Stuart's Brigade, detached from others, to the extreme left of the line at the point where the Savannah and Hamburg and the Purdy and Hamburg roads unite just be- fore they cross Lick Creek. Hurlbut's Division formed its camp one mile in the rear of Sherman's, near the crossing of the Corinth and the Hamburg and Savannah roads. On the 11th day of March the Departments of the Missouri and the Ohio were consolidated under the name of the Depart- ment of the Mississippi, and Major (ieneral H. AV. Halleck was 182 Shiloh Campaign and Battle assigned to the coiinnand, giving liiin from that date the control he had sought — of both armies then operating in Tennessee. General Smith, about the time of his arrival at Savannah, had received an injury to his leg while stepping from a gunboat into a yawl. This injury, apparently insigniticant at first, soon took such serious form that the General was obliged to relinquish com- mand of the troops, and General Grant was restored to duty and ordered by General Ilalleck to repair to Savannah and take com- mand of the troops in that vicinity. Upon his arrival at Savan- nah, March iTth, General Grant found his army divided, a part on either side of the Tennessee River. He at once reported to General Halleck^ the exact situation, and in answer was directed to "destroy the railroad connections at Corinth."" To carry out this order General Grant transferred the remain- der of his army, except a small garrison for Savannah, to the west side of the river, concentrating the First, Second, Fourth and Fifth Divisions at Pittsburg Landing, and the Third at Crump's Landing, six miles below. General McClernand, with the First Division, formed his camp in the rear of Sherman's right bri- gades. General W. H. L. Wallace, commanding the Second Divi- sion, encamped to the right of Hurlbut, between Corinth road and Snake Creek. A new division, the Sixth, just organizing under General Prentiss out of new troops, went into camp as the regiments arrived between Hildebrand's and Stuart's Brigades of Shermaa's Division, its center on the eastern Corinth road. Gen- eral Lew AVallace, commanding the Third Division, placed his First Brigade at Crump's, his Second Brigade at Stony Lonesome, and his Third Brigade at Adamsville, five miles out on the Purdy road. On March 10th General Halleck wrote General McClellan: "I propose going to the Tennessee in a few days to take personal command."'^ Pending his arrival at the front his orders to Smith, to Sherman, and to Grant were: "My instructions not to bring- on an engagement must be strictly obeyed ;"■* but when informed " 11 War Records, p. 45. ^ 11 War Records, p. 46. ^11 War Records, p. 24. * 7 War Records, p. 674; 10 War Records, p. 25; 11 War Records, p. 41. 183 Indiana at Shiloh bv General Grant that the contemplated attack upon Gorinth would make a general engagement inevitable, Halleck at once ordered, ''By all means keep your forces together until you con- nect with General Buell. Don't let the enemy draw you into an engagement now."^ To this General Grant replied: "All troops have been concentrated near Pittsburg Landing. No movement of troops Avill be made except to advance Sherman to Pea Ridge. "^ Sherman made a reconnoissance toward Pea Ridge March 2-ith and drove some cavalry across Lick Creek. He bivouacked at Chambers's plantation that night, and returned to camp next morniag. On the 31st, with two regiments of infantry, a section of artil- lery, and a company of cavalry, Sherman went up to Eastport. Finding the Confederate works there and at Chickasaw aban- doned, he sent his scouts toward luka. Confederate cavalry was encountered, and the command returned to Pittsburg Landing. The Army of the Tennessee, commanded by Major General U. S. Grant, was, on the 5th of April, 1862, composed of six divisions. The First, commanded by Major General John A. McClernand ; the Second, by Brigadier General W. H. L. Wal- lace; the Third, by Major General Lew Wallace; the Fourth, by Brigadier General S. A. Hurlbut; the Fifth, by Brigadier Gen- eral W. T. Sherman, and the Sixth, by Brigadier General B. M. Prentiss. Generals McClernand, C. F. Smith and Lew Wallace had been promoted Major Generals March 21, 1862. Official notice of such promotion was sent to General Grant by General Halleck from St. Louis April 5tli.^ Previous to this notice of promotion the order of rank of the Brigadiers was as follows : Sherman, McClernand, Hurlbut, Prentiss, C. F. Smith, Lew Wal- lace, W. H. L. Wallace. General Smith, until relieved by General Grant, March iTth, was in command by order of General McClellan.-^ The camps of Sherman and Prentiss formed the front line about two and one-half miles from Pittsburs: Landing and extend- ^ 11 War Records, pp. 50, 51. = 11 War Records, p. 57. *11 War Records, p. 94. * 11 War Records, p. 82. 184 Shiloh Campaign and Battle ing in a semicircle from Owl Creek on the right to Lick Creek on the left. One company from each regiment was advanced as a picket one mile in front of regimental camps. By the official returns of April 5, 1862, there were, in the five divisions of the Army of the Tennessee at Pittsburg Laading, ])resent for dnty/ infantry, artillery, and cavalry, officers and men, 39,830 ; in the Third Division, at Crump's Landing, present for duty, officers and men, 7,564. On the evening of the 5th the ad^^ance of General Buell's army arrived at Savannah, and in one day more would have united with the Army of the Tennessee, ready for the ad\^ance on Cor- inth, as contemplated and announced in General Ilalleck's pro- graiume. AVhen General Johnston withdrew his army from Kentucky and Tennessee, after the fall of Fort Donelson, he established his new line of operations along the Memphis and Charleston Rail- road with his right at Chattanooga and his left on the Mississippi at Fort Pillow. On this line he was reinforced by Generals Polk and Beauregard, from Columbus and West Tennessee, and by General Bragg, from Pensacola and Mobile, and had ordered Van Dorn, from Little Bock, Arkansas, to report with his army at Corinth, Mississippi. As early as March 9th General Buggies was placed in command at Corinth and was ordered to put his troops in marching order and to commence a line of entrench- ments around the town. On the 29th of March General Johnston issued a general order consolidating the armies of Kentucky and Mississippi and some independent commands, into the '^Army of the Mississippi," of which he assumed the command, naming General G. T. Beaure- gard as second in command and Major General Braxton Bragg as Chief of Staff. Subsequently he organized his army into four corps. The First Corps w^as commanded by Major General Leoni- das Polk ; the Second Corps commanded by Major General Brax- ton Bragg; the Third Corps commanded by Major General AV. J. Hardee, and the Reserve Corps commanded by Brigadier General J. C. Breckinridge. ' Note r. 185 Indiana at Shiloh One division of the First Corps, Cheatham's, was at Bethel and Pnrdy ; a brigade of the Second Corps was at Monterey ; the Eeserve Corps at Bnrnsville ; the cavalrv nearer the Union lines. All other troops concentrated at Corinth.^ (Jeneral Johnston had been depressed by the censure of the Southern press, and as late as March 18th offered to relinquish the command of the army to General Beauregard. Reassured by expressions of confidence by Mr. Davis, he resolved to retain com- mand and, if possible, regain the confidence of the people by taking tlie oft'ensive and attacking Grant's army at Pittsburg Landing, hoping to defeat that army before it could be reinforced by General Buell. Hearing that General Buell was nearing Savannah, General Johnston determined to attack at once, without waiting the arrival of Van Dorn. Accordingly, on the 3d of April he issued orders for the forward movement, directing his army to move by the several roads and concentrate at Mickey's, eight miles from Pitts- burg Landing, so as to be ready to attack at sunrise on the morn- ing of the 5th. Heavy rains, bad roads, and the delays incident to marching large columns with wagon trains and artillery over muddy roads, prevented the asseml)ly of the army at Mickey's until nearly night of the oth. It was then determined to delay the attack until daylight next morning. The aggregate present for duty, officers and men of the Con- federate Army, infantry, artillery, and cavalry, assembled at Mickey's April 5, 18()2, as shown by official reports, was 43,968.^ This army General Johnston put in line of battle and biv- ouacked Saturday night in the following order : Major General Hardee's Corps on the first or advanced line, with Cleburne's Bri- gade on the left, its left flank at Widow Howell's, near Winning- ham Creek ; Wood's Brigade next to the right, Avith his right on the main Pittsburg and Corinth road, and just in rear of the Wood's field ; Shaver's Brigade on right of Pittsburg and Corinth road, extending the line nearly to Bark road. As Hardee's line thus deployed did not occupy all the space to Lick Creek, as desired, Gladden's Brigade from Withers's Division of Second ' See map of territory between Pittsburg Landing and Corinth. ' Note r. 186 Shiloh Campaign and Battle Corps was added to Hardee's riglit, extending tlie line across Bark road. Major General Brag'g's Corps was deployed eight hundred yards in rear of the first line, with Rnggles's Division on the left and Withers's Division on the right, in the following order of brigades from left to right : Pond, Anderson, Gibson, Jackson, and Chalmers. This second line overlapped the first and extended beyond Hardee's on both flanks, Jackson's left flank resting on the Bark road. The corps of Generals Polk and Breckinridge w^ere formed in column by brigades in rear of the second line. Wharton's and BreAver's Cavalry were on the left flank, guarding the roads toward Stantonville ; Clanton's Cavalry was on the riglit front ; Avery's, Forrest's and Adams's Cavalry at Greer's Ford on Lick Creek. Other cavalry organizations were attached to the different corps. General Johnston's headquarters were established at the forks of the Bark and Pittsburg roads. Pickets were sent out from the first line. The Third Missis- sippi, commanded by Major Hardcastle, was on such duty in front of AVood's Brigade, his reserve post, at the corner where Wood's and Fraley's fields join. THE BATTLE' During the Confederate advance from Monterey on the 3d there had been skirmishing between the cavalry of the two armies, and on the 4th one of Buckland's picket posts was captured. Buckland sent out two companies in pursuit of the captors. These companies Avere attacked and surrounded by Confederate cavalry, but w^ere rescued by Buckland coming to their relief with his whole regiment. On Saturday Generals Prentiss and Sherman each sent out reconnoitering parties to the front. Neither of these parties developed the enemy in force, but reported such evidences of cavalry that pickets of both divisions were doubled, and General Prentiss, being still apprehensive of attack, sent out at 3 o'clock Sunday morning three companies of the Twenty-fifth ^ See maps of first and second days. 187 Indiana at Shiloh Missouri, under ]\Ia]or Powell of that regiment, to again recon- noiter well to the front. Major Powell inarched to the right and front, passing between the Phea and Seav fields, and at 4.55 a.m. struck Hardcastle's pickets and received their fire. The fire was returned by Powell and a sharp engagement was had between these outposts, contin- uing, as Hardcastle says, one hour and a half, until 6 :30 a.m., when he saw his brigade formed in liis rear, and fell back to his place in line. Wood's Brigade, advancing, drove Powell back to the Seay field, where he was reinforced by four companies of the Sixteenth Wisconsin, that had been on picket near by, and by five com- panies of the Twenty-first Missouri under Colonel Moore, who at once took connnand and sent back to camp for the remainder of his regiment. This force, fighting and retreating slowly, was reinforced at the southeast corner of the Phea field by all of Peabody's Bri- gade. Peabody succeeded in holding the Confederates in check until about 8 o'clock, when he fell back to the line of his camp, closely followed by Shaver's Brigade and the right of Wood's Brigade. While Peabody's Brigade was thus engaged, General Prentiss had advanced Miller's Brigade to the south side of Spain field, and placed Hickenlooper's Battery to the left and Munch's Bat- tery to the right of the Eastern Corinth road. In this position he was attacked by (lladden's Brigade and by the left of Chal- mers's Brigade, that had advanced to the front line. These Con- federate brigades, after a stubborn fight, in which Gladden was mortally wounded, drove Miller back to his line of camps at the same time that Peabody was driven back to his. In their several camps Prentiss formed his regiments again and was vigorously attacked by Gladden's and Shaver's Brigades, assisted on their left by a part of Wood's Brigade, and on the right by Chalmers. At 9 o'clock Prentiss was driven from his second position with the loss of the entire division camp, two guns of Hickenlooper's Battery, and many killed and wounded left on the field. Among 188 S Q S i _1 1- < n rr Q LlJ CO 2 UI U I o H Shiloh Campaign and Battle the killed was Colonel Peabodv, the Commander of the First Bri- gade of Prentiss's Division. Wliile the rioht of Hardee's line was engaged with Prentiss his left had attacked the brigades of Hildebrand and Bnckland, of Sherman's Division. These brigades had formed in line in front of their camps and l)ehind Sliiloh Branch, Avith Barrett's Batterv at Shiloh Chnrch and AVaterhonse's Battery to the left, behind the camp of the Fifty-third Ohio. The Third Brigade of McClernand's Division was bronght np and formed in snpport of Sherman's left flank and of AVaterhouse's Battery. In the Coa- federate advance the left of Wood's Brigade had been slightly er"-"^'ed with the Fifty-third Ohio, which easily gave way, when AVood obli(jned to the right, to avoid Waterhonse's Battery, and, following Prentiss, passed the left flank of Hildebrand's Brigade, then left-wheeled to the attack of McClernand's Third Brigade. Clebnrne's Brigade, in attempting to cross the marshy gronnd of Shiloh Branch, received the concentrated fire of the Third and Fonrth Brigades of Sherman's Division, and after two or three unsnccessfnl efforts to dislodge them, in which his regiments lost very heavily — the Sixth Mississippi having over seventy per cent, killed and wounded — he was obliged to give place to Anderson's Brigade of Bragg's Corps, which was in like manner repnlsed with severe loss. Johnston's and Rnssell's Brigades of Polk's Corps now came np together, Rnssell on the right, overlapping Sherman's left, and Johnston to the left across the Corinth road. The reorganized ])arts of the brigades of Clebnrne and Anderson joining Rnssell and Johnston, the four brigades, assisted by Wood's Brigade, advanced, and at 10 o'clock drove Sherman's two brigades and the Third Brigade of McClernand's Division back across the Pnrdy road with the loss of three guns of Waterhouse's Batterv and of the camps of the three brigades. During the contest Confederate Generals Clark, commanding a division, and Johnston, commanding a brigade, were severely wounded, and Colonel Paith, commanding McClernand's Third Brigade, was mortally wounded. The capture of the tliree guns of Water- house's Battery is claimed by the Thirteenth Tennessee of Rus- sell's Brigade, and General Polk seems to concede the claim, 191 Indiana at Shiloh though it appears that several regiments were attacking the bat- tery from the front when the Thirteenth Tennessee moved by the right flank and, approaching the battery from its left rear, reached it before those from the front. General Vaughan, of the Thirteenth Tennessee, says that when his regiment reached these gnns a dead I'nion officer lay near them, and keeping guard over his body was a pointer dog that refused to allow the Con- federates to approach the body. Pond's Brigade of Bragg's Corps had engaged McDowell's Bri- gade, in conjunction with Anderson's attack on Buckland, and had succeeded in gaining the bridge at McDowell's right flank but had not become seriously engaged when Sherman ordered Mc- Dowell to retire and form junction with his Third and Fourth Brigades, which were then falling back from Shiloh Church. McDowell therefore abandoned his camp to Pond without a con- test. After the capture of Prentiss's camps, Chalmers's and Jack- son's Brigades from Bragg's Corps were ordered to the right to attack the extreme left of the Union line. Preceded by Clantoa's Cavalry, these brigades moved by the flank down the Bark road until the liead of the column was at the swampy grounds of Lick Creek; then, forming line of battle and placing Gage's and Girar- dey's Batteries upon the bluff south of Locust Grove Creek, they compelled Stuart, who was without artillery, to leave his camp and form his lines to left and rear in the timber. Here he held Chalmers in a fierce fight until about 2 o'clock, when he fell back to the landing, abandoning the last of Sherman's camps. Jackson's attack, as he came across the creek, fell upon McAr- thur's Brigade, consisting of the ISlinth and Twelfth Illinois, sup- ported on the left by the Fiftieth Illinois and by Willard's Bat- tery in the rear. McArthur, in a stubborn contest in which the Ninth Illinois lost sixty per cent, of the men engaged, held his ground until Jackson was reinforced by Bowen's Brigade of Breckinridge's Corps, when McArthur fell back. When Sherman and Prentiss discovered that they were being attacked by the Confederates in force they asked reinforcements from the divisions in their rear. 192 Shiloh Campaign and Battle McClernand sent liis Third Brigade to reinforce Sherman's left, and Schwartz's Battery to assist Buckland. He then formed his First and Second Brigades along the Pittsburg road in front of his headquarters; Marsh's Brigade, with Burrows's Battery on the right; Hare's Brigade to the left behind the Eeview field; McAllister's Battery at the northwest corner of said field, and Dresser's Battery at Water Oaks Pond. On this line the Third Brigade rallied when it fell back from Sherman's line. Veatch's Brigade of Hurlbut's Division was sent to reinforce McClernand, a ad formed behind Burrows's Battery. Hurlbut marched his other brigades to the Peach Orchard and formed line of battle with Williams's Brigade facing south and Lauman's Brigade facing west; the batteries, Mann's, Ross's, and Myer's, all in the field behind the infantry. W. H. L. Wallace's First Brigade, commanded by Coloael Tuttle, moved out on the Eastern Corinth road and formed on the east side of the Duncan field in an old sunken road. McArthur's Brigade was disunited. The Eighty -first Ohio and the Fourteenth Missouri were sent to guard the bridge over Snake Creek; the Thirteenth Missouri to reinforce McDowell's Brigade, and Mc Ar- thur, in person, with the l\mih. and Twelfth Illinois and Willard's Battery, went to the support of Stuart and formed on his right rear, and at the left of Hurlbut's Division, just east of the Peach Orchard. Of Sweeny's Brigade, the Seventh and Fifty-eighth Illinois formed on Tuttle's right connecting it with McClernand's left. The Fiftieth Illinois was sent to Mc Arthur. The other reg- iments were held in reserve until about noon, when the Eighth Iowa formed on Tuttle's left to fill a gap between Wallace and Prentiss. The Fifty-seventh Illinois went to the extreme left, and the Fifty-second Illinois reported to McClernand at his sixth position just east of Tilghman Creek. Batteries D, H, and K, First Missouri Light Artillery, were placed along the ridge in rear of Tuttle. Prentiss rallied his broken division, not over eight hun- dred men, on Hurlbut's right, connecting it with Wallace's left. In the early morning, General Grant at Savannah heard the firing and directed General Nelson, of the Army of the Ohio, to inarcli his division along the east bank of the Tennessee to the (13) 193 Indiana at Shiloh point opposite Pittsburg. Then, Maving a request for General Buell to hurrv liis troops forward as rapidly as possible, lie has- tened by boat to join his army. Arriving upon the field at about the time that Prentiss was driven from his camp, he immediately dispatched orders to (leneral Lew Wallace to bring his division to the battlefield. There has ever since been a dispute as to the terms of this order and the time of its delivery. It is admitted that General Wallace received an order, and that he started his command at about 12 o'clock by a road leading into the Hamburg and Purdy road west of the bridge over Owl Creek on the right of Sherman's camps. This bridge was abandoned by McDowell and held by the Confederates at 10 o'clock. An aide from Gen- eral Grant overtook Wallace on this road about 3 o'clock and turned him back to the Savannah and Hamburg, or river road, by which he reached the battlefield about 7 o'clock p.m. In the movements of the Confederate troops in the morning Gibson's Brigade of Bragg's Corps had followed Shaver's Brigade and had halted just inside the line of camps. This had separated Gibson from Anderson by the length of a brigade; into this space Bragg directed Stephens's Brigade of Polk's Corps and it entered the line of camps in rear of Wood's Brigade. Stewart's Brigade, also of Polk's Corps, was sent to the right and entered the line of cam.ps in rear of Gladden's Brigade. When Prentiss was driven back General Johnston ordered his reserve into actidu by sending Trabue forward on the Pittsburg Landing road to Shiloh Church, while Bo wen and Statham were moved down the Bai-k road and formed line of battle south of the Peach Orchard to the left rear of Jackson and completing the line to where Gladden's Brigade, now commanded by Adams, was rest- ing near Prentiss's headquarters camp. Pollowing the capture of the guns of Waterhouse's Battery and the retreat of Sherman and Paith to the Purdy road. Wood's and Shaver's Brigades, with Swett's Battery, were ordered to left- wheel. Stewart's Brigade was sent by left flank along the rear of Peabody's camp to Wood's left, where three of the regiments took their place in line, while the Fourth Tennessee, supported by the Twelfth Tennessee, from Russell's Brigade, went into line 194 Shiloh Campaign and Battle between Wood's and Shaver's Brigades. Stanford's Battery took position in tlie camp of the Fourth Illinois Cavalry. Joining this force on its left were the somewhat disorganized brigades of Cle- burne, Anderson, Johnston, and Bussell. General Polk was per- sonally directing their movements and led them forward, without waiting for perfect organization, in pursuit of Sherman's retreat- ing brigades. This combined force of seven brigades moved to the attack of McClernand and Sherman in the second position along the Pittsburg and Purdy road. The right of this attacking force, extending beyond McClernand's left, became engaged with W. H. L. Wallace's troops near Duncan House, while Stephen's Brigade of Polk's Corps engaged the left of Tuttle's Brigade aad Pren- tiss's Division in the Hornets' ]^est. At the same time Gladden attacked Lauman on west side of the Peach Orchard. In these attacks Generals Hindman and Wood were disabled, and the Confederates in front of Wallace, Prentiss, and Lauman were repulsed. The attack upon McCUernnnd and Sherman was successful, and drove these connnands back to the center of Marsh's Brigade camp, where they made a short stand at what McClernand calls his third line, and 'then retired to the field at the right of that camp, to the fourth liae. The Third and Fourth Brigades of Sherman's Division retired to the landing, and his First Brigade, McDowell's, took position on McClernand's right. In the repulse of ]\[cClernand from his second and third line he had lost Burrow's entire battery of six guns, which was taken by Wood's Brigade ; also one gun of McAllister's Battery, taken by the Fourth Tennessee, and two guns of Schwartz's Battery and four guns of Dresser's Battery ; part of these, perhaps all, are claimed by the One Ilundvod and Fif<:y-fourth Tennessee. Rallying in camp of Hare's Brigade, McClernand, with McDow- ell's Brigade on his right, checked the Confederate advance, and then, by a united countercharge, at 12 o'clock, recovered his Sec- ond Brigade camp and his own head piarters, and caittured Cobb's Kentucky Battery. McClernand gives the Fleventh Iowa and the Eleventh and Twentieth Illinois the credit for the capture of this battery. In the forward movement the Sixth Iowa and the Forty- 195 Indiana at Shiloh sixth Ohio of JNIcDowell's Brigade, and Thirteenth Missouri of McArthur's Brigade, became engaged vnth Trabne's Confederate Brigade in a fierce battle, of which Trabue says : The combat here was a severe one. I fought the enemy an hour and a quarter, killing and wounding four hundred or five hundred of the Forty- sixth Ohio Infantry, as well as of another Ohio regiment, a Missouri regi- ment, and some Iowa troops. * * * i lost here many men and several officers. The number killed, wounded, and missing of the Forty-sixth Ohio at the Battle of Shiloh, both days, was two hundred forty-six. But of the three regiments opposed to Trabue there were five hun- dred ten killed, wounded, and missing ; most of them were doubt- less lost in this conflict. So that Trabue may not have seriously erred ia his statement. At the time that McClernand fell back from his second position, General Stewart took command of Wood's and Shaver's Brigades, and with the Fourth Tennessee of his own brigade moved to the right and renewed the attack upon Tuttle and Prentiss. Meeting a severe repulse he withdrew at 12 o'clock, with the Fourth Ten- nessee, to the assistance of the force in front of McClernand. At the same time Shaver's and Wood's Brigades retired for rest and ammunition, and Stephens's Brigade moved to the right and joined Breckinridge south of the Peach Orchard. General Bragg then brought up dibson's Brigade, which had been resting near Peabody's camp, and sent it in four separate charges against the position held by Prentiss and Tuttle. Gibson's Brigade was shattered in their useless charges and retired from the field. While Bragg was directing these several movements. Generals Polk and Hardee had renewed the attack upon McCler- nand and in a contest lasting two hours had driven liim back once more to the camp of his First Brigade, where he maintained his position until 2.30 p.m., when he fell back across the valley of Tilghman Creek to his sixth line, abandoning the last of his camps. About 12 o'clock General Johnston, having gotten his reserve in position south of the Peach Orchard, assumed personal com- mand of the right wing of his army and directed a combined for- ward movement, intending to break the Union left where Chal- 196 Shiloh Campaign and Battle mers and Jackson had been engaged since about 10 o'clock, in an unsuccessful fight with Stuart and McArthur. Bowen's Brigade was sent to support Jackson and was closely followed, en echelon to the left, by Stathani's, Stephens's and Gladden's Brigades in an attack upon Hurlbut in the Peach Orchard. Stuart, hard pressed by Chalmers and threatened on the flank by Clanton's Cavalry, was, as we have seen, the first to yield, and falling back left Mc Ar- thur's flank exposed, compelling him and Hurlbut to fall back to the north side of the Peach Oi-chard. As Hurlbut's First Brigade fell back, Lauman's Brigade on its right was transferred to the left of the division in support of McArthur. Hurlbut's Division as then formed stood at a right angle with the line of Prentiss and Wallace. At 2.30 P.M., while personally directing the movements of his reserve. General Johnston was struck by a niinie ball and almost instantly killed. The death of the Confederate Commander in Chief caused a relaxation of effort on that flanlc until General Bragg, hearing of Johnston's death, turned over the command at the center to General Buggies and, repairing to the right, assumed command, and again ordered a forward movement. General Buggies, having noted the ineffectual efforts of Bragg to break the Union center, determined to concentrate artillery upon that point. He therefore assembled ten batteries and a sec- tion, sixty-two guns, and placed them in position along the west side of the Duncan field and southeast of the Beview field. In support of these batteries he brought up portions of the brigades of CUbson, Shaver, Wood, Anderson and Stewart, with the Thir- tieth Tennessee and Crescent Begiment of Pond's Brigade, and once more attacked the position so stubbornly held by Wallace and Prentiss. The concentrated fire of these sixty-two guns drove away the Union batteries, but was not able to rout the infantry from its sheltered position in the old road. William Preston Johnston, in the Life of General Albert Sid- ney Johnston, gives this graphic description of the fighting at this point : ' This portion of the Federal linos was oocupied by Wallace's Division and by the remnants of Prentiss's Division. Here, behind a dense thicket 197 Indiana at Shiloh on the crest of a hill, was posted a strong force of as hardy troops as ever fought, almost perfectly protected by the conformation of the ground. To assail it an open field had to be passed, enfiladed by the fire of its bat- teries. It was nicknamed by the Confederates by that very mild meta- phor, "The Hornets' Nest." No figure of speech would be too strong to express the deadly peril of an assault upon this natural fortress whose inaccessible barriers blazed for six hours with sheets of flame and whose infernal gates poured forth a murderous storm of shot and shell and musketry fire which no living thing could quell or even withstand. Brigade after brigade was led against it, but valor was of no avail. Hindman's brilliant brigades, which had swept everything before them from the field, were shivered into fragments and paralyzed for the remainder of the day. Stewart's regiments made fruitless assaults, but only to retire mangled from the field. Bragg now ordered up Gibson's splendid brigade; it made a charge, but like the others recoiled and fell back. Bragg sent orders to charge again. * * * Four times the position was charged. Four times the assault proved unavailing; the brigade was repulsed. About half past 3 o'clock the struggle which had been going on for five hours with fitful violence was renewed with the utmost fury. Polk's and Bragg's Corps, Intermingled, were engaged in a death grapple with the sturdy commands of Wallace and Prentiss. * * * General Ruggles judiciously collected all the artillery he could find, some eleven batteries, which he massed against the position. The opening of so heavy a fire and the simultaneous advance of the whole Confederate line resulted first in confusion and then in defeat of Wallace and the surrender of Prentiss at about half past 5 o'clock. Each Confederate Commander of division, brigade and regiment, as his command pounced upon the prey, believed it entitled to the credit of the capture. Breckinridge. Ruggles, Withers, Cheatham, and other divisions which helped to subdue these stubborn fighters each imagined his own the hardest part of the work. Generals Polk and Hardee, with the commingled commands of the Confederate left, had followed McClernand in his retreat across Tilghman Creek, and about 4 o'clock Hardee sent Pond with three of his regiments and Wharton's Cavalry to attack the Union position upon the east side of this creek. In this attack the Confederates were repulsed with heavy loss, the Eighteenth Lou- isiana alone losing forty-two per cent, of those engaged. Pond retired to the west side of the creek and took no further part in the action of Sunday. Trabue and Russell, with some other detachments, renewed the attack, and at 4.30 p.m. succeeded in driving McClernand and Veatch back to the Hamburg road, then wheeled to the right against the exposed flank of W. H. L. "Wal- lace's Division. At the same time Bragg had forced back the 198 Shiloh Campaign and Battle Union left until McArthur and Hurlbnt, seeing that they were in danger of being cut off from the Landing, withdrew their forces, letting the whole of Bragg's forces upon the rear of Prentiss and Wallace, while Polk and Hardee were attacking them on their right flank and Ruggles was pounding them from the front. AVal- lace attempted to withdraw by the left flank, but in passing the lines, closing behind him, he was mortally wounded. Colonel Tuttle with two of his regiments succeeded in passing the lines, while four of Wallace's regiments Avith the part of Prentiss's Divi- sion, were completely surrounded, and, after an ineffectual effort to force their way back to the Landing, were compelled to sur- render at 5.30 P.M. The number of prisoners captured here and in i^revious engagements was 2,254 men and officers, about an equal nmnber from each division. General Prentiss and the mor- tally wounded General Wallace were both taken prisoners, but General Wallace was left on the field and was recovered by his friends next day, and died at Savanaah, Tennessee, four days later. During the afternoon, Colonel Webster, Chief of Artillery, on General Grant's Staff, had placed Madison's Battery of siege guns in position about a quarter of a mile out from the Landing, and then, as the other batteries came back from the front, placed them in position to the right and left of the siege guns. LIurlbut's Divi- sion, as it came back, was formed on the right of these guns; Stuart's Brigade on the left; parts of Wallace's Division and detached regiments formed in the rear and to the right of Hurl- but, connecting Math McClernand's left. McClernand extended the line to Hamburg and Savannah road and along that road to near McArthur's headquarters, where Buckland's Brigade of Sherman's Division, with three regiments of McArthur's Brigade, were holding the right which covered the bridge by which General Lew Wallace was to arrive on the field. About 5 o'clock Ammen's Brigade of Nelson's Division of the Army of the Ohio reached the field, the Thirty-sixth Indiana tak- ing position near the left in support of Stone's Battery. Two gun- boats, the Tyler and Lexington, were at the mouth of Dill Branch, just above the Landing. 199 Indiana at Shiloh After the capture of Prentiss an attempt was made to reorgan- ize the Confederate forces for an attack upon the Union line in position near the Landing. Generals Chalmers and Jackson and Colonel Trabue moved their commands to the right down the ridge south of Dill Branch until they came under fire of the Union bat- teries and gunboats, which silenced Gage's Battery, the only one with the command. Trabue sheltered his command on the south side of the ridge, while Chalmers and Jackson moved into the valley of Dill Braach and pressed skirmishers forward to the brow of the hill on the north side of the valley, but their exhausted men, many of them without ammunition, could not be urged to a charge upon the batteries before them. Colonel Deas, command- ing a remnant of Gladden's Brigade, formed with two hundred twenty-four men in the ravine on Jackson's left, and Anderson formed at the head of the ravine, where he remained ten or fifteen minutes, then he retired beyond range of the floating guns. Col- onel Lindsay, First Mississippi C/avalry, charged upon and cap- tured Ross's Battery as it was withdrawing from position near Hurlbut's headquarters, and then mth thirty or forty men crossed the head of L^ill Branch and attempted to charge another battery, but finding himself in the presence of an infantry force "managed to get back under the hill without damage." This cavalry and the skirmishers from Chalmers's and Jackson's Brigades were the only Confederate troops that came under musketry fire after the Prentiss and Wallace surrender. In the meantime General Bragg made an effort to get troops into position on the left of Pittsburg road, but before arrange- ments were completed night came on and General Beauregard ordered all the troops withdrawn. The Confederate troops sought bivouacs on the field, some occupying captured Union camps and some returning to their bivouac of Saturday night. General Beauregard remained near Shiloh Church. General Polk retired to his Saturday night camp. General Bragg was with Beaure- gard near the church, occupying General Sherman's headquarters camp. General Hardee and General Withers encamped with Col- onel Martin in Peabody's camp. Trabue occupied camps of the Sixth Iowa and Forty-sixth Ohio. Pond's Brigade alone of the 200 Shiloh Campaign and Battle infantry troops remained in line of battle confronting the Union line. The Union troops bivonaeked on their line of battle, extending from Pittsburg Landing to Snake Creek bridge, where the Third Division arrived after dark, occupying the line from McArthvir's headquarters to the lowlands of the creek. Thirteen hours the battle had raged over all parts of the field without a moment's cessation. The Union Army had been steadily forced back on both flanks. The camps of all but the Second Division had been captured, and position after position surrendered after the most persistent fighting and with great loss of life on both sides. Many regiments, and brigades even, of both armies had been shattered and had lost their organization. Detachments of soldiers and parts of companies and regiments were scattered over the field, some doubtless seeking in vain for their commands ; many caring for dead and w^ounded comrades ; others exhausted with the long conflict and content to seek rest and refreshment at any place that promised relief from the terrors of the battle. The fierceness of the fighting on Sunday is shown by the losses sustained by some of the organizations engaged. The Ninth Ulinois lost three hundred sixty-six out of six hundred seventeen. The Sixth Mississippi lost three hundred out of four hundred twenty-five. Cleburne's Bri- gade lost 1,013 out of 2,700, and the brigade was otherwise depleted until he had but eight hundred men in line Sunday night. He continued in the fight on Monday until he had only fifty-eight men in line, and these he sent to the rear for ammunition. Gladden's Brigade was reduced to two hundred tw^enty-four. The Fifty-fifth Illinois lost tw^o hundred seventy-five out of six hundred fifty-seven. The Twenty-eighth Illinois lost two hundred forty-five out of six hundred forty-two. The Sixth Iowa had fifty- two killed outright. The Third Iowa lost thirty-three per cent, of those engaged. The Twelfth Iowa lost in killed, wounded and prisoners ninety-eight per cent, of those present for duty. Only ten returned to camp and they wore stretcher-bearers. These are but samples ; many other regiments lost in about the same propor- tion. The loss of officers was especially heavy. Out of five Union Division Commanders one was killed, one wounded, and one cap- 203 Indiana at Shiloh tured; out of fifteen Brigade Coiunianders nine were on the list of casnalties, and ont of sixty-one Infantrv Regimental Commanders on the field thirty-three \vere killed, wonnded or missing, making a loss on Snnday of forty-fi^'e out of eighty-one Commanders of divisions, brigades, and regiments. The Confederate Army lost its Commander in Chief, killed ; two Corps Commanders wounded ; three out of five of its Division Commanders wounded ; four of its Brigade Commanders killed or wounded, and twenty out of sev- enty-eight of its Begimental Commanders killed or wounded. With such losses, the constant shifting of positions, and the length of time engaged, it ie not a matter to cause surprise that the Con- federate Army was reduced, as General Beauregard claims, to less than 20,000 men in line, and that these were so exhausted that they sought their l)ivouacs with little regard to battle lines, and that both armies lay down in the rain to sleep as best they could with very little thought, by either, of any danger of attack during the night. We find at Shiloh that with three exceptions no breastworks were prepared by either side on Sunday night. Of these excep- tions a Union battery near the Landing was protected by a few sacks of corn piled up in front of the guns ; some Confederate reg- iment arranged the fallen timber in front of Marsh's Brigade camj) into a sort of defensive work that served a good purpose the next day ; and Lieutenant Nispel, Company E, Second Illinois Light Artillery, dug a trench in front of his guns, making a slight earthwork, which may yet be seen, just at the right of the position occupied by the siege guns. He alone of all the officers on the field thought to use the spade, which was so soon to become an important weapon of war. During Sunday night the remainder of General Nelson's Divi- sion and General Crittenden's Division of the Army of the Ohio arrived upon the field, and early Monday morning the Union forces were put in motion to reaew the battle. General Critten- den's right rested on the Corinth road. General Nelson to his left, extending the line across Hamburg road. About 1,000 men^ from the Armv of the Tennessee extended the line to the over- ^ 10 W R 295 and 338 (Colonel Grose says Fifteenth Illinois, but must be in error). 204 Shiloh Campaign and Battle flowed land of the Tennessee. Two brigades of General McCook's arriving on the field about 8 o'clock, formed on Crittenden's right, Rousseau's Brigade in front line and Kirk's in reserve. At McCook's right was Hurlbnt, then McClernand, then Sherman, then Lew Wallace, whose right rested on the swamps of Owl Creek. The Army of the Ohio formed with one regiment of each brigade in reserve, and v.ith Boyle's Brigade of Crittenden's Divi- sion as reserve for the whole. The remnant of W. PI. L. Wal- lace's Division, under conmiand of Colonel Tuttle, was also in reserve behind General Crittenden. The early and determined advance of the Union Army soon convinced General Beauregard that fresh troops had arrived. He, however, made his disposition as rapidly as possible to meet the advance by sending General Hardee to his right, General Bragg to his left. General Polk to left center, and General Breckinridge to right center, with orders to each to put the Confederate troops into line of battle without regard to their original organizations. These officers hurried their staff officers to all parts of the field and soon formed a line. Hardee had Chalmers on the right in Stuart's camps ; next to him was Colonel Wheeler in command of Jackson's old brigade ; then Colonel Preston Smith, with rem- nants of B. R. Johnson's Brigade ; Colonel Maney, with Stephens's Brigade. Then came Stewart, Cleburne, Statham and Martin, under Breckinridge ; Trabue, across the main Corinth road, just west of Duncan's, with Anderson and Gibson to his left under Polk. Then Wood, Russell, and Pond, under Bragg, finishing the line to Owl Creek. Very few brigades were intact ; the different regiments were hurried into line from their bivouacs and placed under the command of the nearest brigade officer, and were then detached and sent from one part of the field to another as they were needed to reinforce threatened points, until it is impossible to follow movements or determine just where each regiment was engaged. Monday's battle opened by the advance of General Lew Wal- lace's Division on the Union right, attacking Pond's Brigade in Hare's Brigade camp, and was continued on that flank by a left- wheel of Wallace, extending liis right until he had gained the 205 Indiana at Shiloh Confederate left flank. ISTelson's Division commenced his advance at daylight and soon developed the Confederate line of battle behind the Peach Orchard. Tie then waited for Crittenden and McCook to get into position, and then commenced the attack upon Hardee, in which he was soon joined by all the troops on the field. The fighting seems to have been most stubborn in the center, where Hazen, Crittenden, and McCook were contending with the forces under Polk and Breckinridge upon the same ground where W. H. L. AVallace and Prentiss fought on Sunday. The 20,000 fresh troops in the Union Army made the contest an unequal one, and, though stubbornly contested for a time, at about 2 o'clock General Beauregard ordered the withdrawal of his army. To secure the withdrawal he placed Colonel Looney, of the Thirty-eighth Tennessee, with his regiment, augmented by detach- ments from other reguiients, at Shiloh Church, directing him to charge the Union center. In this charge Colonel Looney passed Sherman's headquarters and pressed the Union line back to the Purdy road ; at the same time General Beauregard sent batteries across Shiloh Branch and placed tliom in battery on the high ground beyond. With these arrangements, Beauregard, at 4 o'clock, safely crossed Shiloh Branch with his army and placed his rear guard under Breckinridge in line upon the ground occupied by his army on Saturday night. The Confederate Army retired leisurely to Corinth, while the Union Army returned to the camps that it had occupied before the battle. The losses of the two days' battle are summed up as follows : Killed. Wounded 6,350 251 Missing Total. 1,472 41 2,826 4 10,648 General Lew Wallace's Division 296 Total Army of the Tennessee Army of the Ohio 1,513 241 6,601 1,807 2,830 55 10,944 2,103 Grand total Union Array Confederate Army 1.754 1.728 8,408 8,012 2.885 959 13,047 10.699 Total loss at Shiloh 3,482 16,420 3,844 23,746 This gives a Confederate loss of twenty-four and one-third per cent, of those })resent for duty, and a loss in the five divisions of 20o Shiloh Campaign and Battle Grant's army present f officers of like grade, on Simday 30 ^^■''i"e -,4 In Confederate Army. Monday Total loss of general offic-rs aiul regimental commanders. Confed- erate Army No general pnrsnit of the Confederates was made. The orders of General Halleek forbade pnrsnit, so the Confederates were allowed to retire to Corintli while the Union Army occnpied itself in bnrying the dead ;;nd caring for the wounded nntil General Halleek arrived, who, assnndng command, inangnrated the ''ad- vance npon Corinth," in which the most conspicnous and leading part was played by the spade. DETAILED MOVEMENTS OF ORGANIZATIONS ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE On the 6th day of April, 1863, the Army of the Tennessee was encamped on the west bank of the Tennessee Eiver; the First, Second, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Di^dsions at Pittsbnrg Landing, with 39,830 officers and men in-esent for dnty ; the Third Division at Crump's Landing, with 7,564 officers and men present for duty. General Grant's headquarters was at Savannah, Tennessee, where he was waiting the arrival of General Bnell. While at breakfast early Sunday morning, April 6th, General Grant heard 207 Indiana at Shiloh heavy firing at Pittsburg Landing, and leaving orders for General ISTelson to move his division up the east bank of the river to Pitts- burg, General Grant and staff repaired to the battlefield, where he arrived at about 8 a.m. He visited each of his divisions at the front, and finding that the attack was by a large force of the enemy, he sent an order for his Third Division to hasten to the field and a request to (Jeneral Buell for reinforcements. The Army of the Tennessee was gradually driven back until at sunset it occupied a position extending from the Landing to Snake Creek bridge. In this position it repulsed an attack made by the Con- federates at 6 o'clock P.M. General Grant passed the night in bivouac with his troops, with- out shelter, and early next morning, reinforced by his Third Divi- sion and by (Jeneral Buell with three divisions of the Army of the Ohio, he renewed the battle, and at 4 p.m. had regained possession of the entire field. First Division (McClfruand's. ) This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, four bat- teries of artillery, one battalion and two companies of cavalry, was ordered from Savannah to Pittsburg March 20, 1862, 'and went into camp across the main Corinth road about one-half mile east of Shiloh Church. On Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, the divi- sion formed for battle with its Third Brigade thrown forward to support Sherman's left ; its First and Second Brigades along the Corinth rciad ; McAllister's Battery at the northwest corner of the RevicAv field ; Burrow's Battery at center of Second Brigade ; Dresser's Battery at Water Oaks Pond ; Schwartz's Battery, first to Sherman's right, then at the crossroads. The division was attacked at about !) a.m. and was driven from its position along the Corinth road at about 11 a.m. with the loss of Burrow's Battery, one gun of McAllister's Battery, and one gun of Schwartz's Bat- tery. It made its next stand at right angles to the center of its Second Brigade camp, where Dresser's Battery lost four guns. The division then retired to its fourth line, in the camp of its First Brigade, where it rallied and in a countercharge drove the 208 Shiloh Campaign and Battle Confederates baek and recovered the whole of the camp of the Second Brigade and McClernand's headquarters, and captured Cobb's Kentucky Battery at 12 m. It held this advance but a short time, when it was driven slowly back until at 2 p.m. it was again in the field of its First Brigade camp, where it held its fifth line until 2.30 p.m. It then retired across Tilghman Creek to its sixth line, at "Cavalry Field,'' where at 4.30 p.m. it repulsed a charge made by Pond's Brigade and Wharton's Cavalry, and then retired to the Hamburg and Savannah road, where, v/ith its left thrown back, it bivouacked Sunday night. It advanced ]\Ionday morning over the same ground where it fought on Sunday, and at 4 p.:\r. reoccupied its camps on the field. First Brigade (Hare's. ) This brigade of four regiments, forming the right of the First Division, was encamped in Jones's field. It moved from its camp at about 8 a.m., April (*., 1862, by the left flank and formed in line of battle on the ridge between the Review field and the Corinth road, its left in edge of Duncan field, in the following order from left to right: Eighth Illinois, Eighteenth Illinois, Thirteenth Lowa. The Eleventh Iowa, detached from the brigade, formed still farther to the right, supporting Dresser's Battery at the Water Oaks Pond. In this position the three left regiments were attacked about 10 A.M. by Shaver's Brigade of Hardee's Corps, and at 11 a.m. were driven back across the Corinth road, the left behind the north side of Duncan field. This position was held until McCler- nand advanced and recovered his camp at noon. These regiments then retired with the division, the Thirteenth Iowa participating in the repulse of Wharton's Cavalry on sixth line at 4.30. Here Colonel Hare was wounded, and Colonel M. M. Crocker, Thir- teenth Iowa, took command of the brigade and conducted the three regiments to bivouac near the Fourteenth Iowa camp. The Eleventh Iowa, in su})port of Dresser's Battery, fell back to the third and fourtli lines with its division, and in the rally and recov- ery of camps it captured a standard from the enemy, and in con- (14) 20!) Indiana at Shiloh junction with the Eleventh and Twentieth Illinois captured Cobb's Battery. The regiment then fell back and at night was, still sup- porting the two remaining guns of Dresser's Battery, in position at the left of the siege guns. On Monday this brigade was attached to Tuttle's command, which served as a reserve for General Crittenden's Division, Army of the Ohio, until about 3 p.m., when it was ordered to the front and charged the enemy southwest of Keview field, the Eighth and Eighteenth Illinois each capturing one gun from the enemy. Second Brigade (Marsh's.) This brigade of four regiments was encamped, with its left in Woolf field, in the following order of regiments from left to right: Forty-fifth Illinois, Eorty-eighth Illinois, Twentieth Illi- nois, Eleventh Illinois. It formed line of battle on its parade ground Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, and at about 8 a.m. moved out, first to the front, but immediately afterwards to the left, and formed along the Corinth road, its left at the northwest corner of the Review field, its right near the crossroads, Burrow's Battery at the center. In this position the brigade was fiercely attacked by Wood's Brigade of Hardee's Corps and Stewart's Brigade of Polk's Corps. It withstood the attack from about 10 a.m. to 11 a.m., when it fell back about seven hundred yards and reformed at right angles to the center of its camp. It held this position for a short time and then fell back to Jones's field, where it rallied and in conjunction with other troops recaptured its camp at about noon. In this advance the Twentieth and Eleventh Illinois, assisted by the Eleventh Iowa, captured Cobb's Confederate Battery. The bri- gade retained possession of parts of its camp for about two hours, retiring slowly to Jones's field, where it was engaged until 2.30 P.M., whea it fell back to Hamburg and Savannah road, where its three left regiments united with the Third Brigade and biv- ouacked near the siege guns, and was in reserve on Monday. The The Eleventh Illinois, reduced to a Captain and eighty men, biv- 210 Shiloh Campaign and Battle oiiacked acar the siege gnus, and Avas in reserve on .Afonday. The Twentieth, Forty-fifth and Forty-eighth fornicd a part of Marsh's command on Monday and advanced nearly we.^t, recovering their camps at about 3 p.m. Third Brigade (Raith's.) This brigade of four regiments was camped along the irand)urg and Piirdy road, its right near the left of the Second Brigade, in the following order from left to right: Forty-ninth Illinois, Forty-third Illinois, Twenty-ninth Illinois, Seventeenth Illinois. Colonel Rearden, senior officer present, l)eing sick, Colonel Eaith was informed, after his regiment was in line of battle, that he was to command the brigade. Under orders from the Division Commander, he moved the right of his brigade forward to Shiloh Church to the support of Sherman's left. In this position the bri- gade was attacked about !» a.m., April 6, 1802, on its left flank by Wood and Stewart and in front by Russell and Johnston, and was driven slowly back to the crossroads, where it joined the right of the Second Brigade. Here the Seventeenth and Forty-third, wdiile supporting Schwartz's Battery, were subjected to a cross- fire of artillery and lost heavily. Colonel Raitli was mortally wounded. The Forty-third was surrounded and cut its way out, losing forty-three men killed, that were buried in one trench near the crossroads. Lieutenant Colonel Wood, who succeeded to the command of the brigade, did not hold his brigade intact. The Seventeenth' and Forty -third rallied at McClernand's third line and again at his fourth position, where they were joined by the Forty-ninth. The Seventeenth and Forty-ninth then retired to Hamburg and Savannah road. The Forty-third was engaged in the advance and retaking of the camp at noon, and then joined the Seventeenth and Forty-ninth at Hamburg and Savannah road, where the three regiments were engaged at 4.30 p.m., and biv- ouacked Sunday night. On Monday these regiments joined Marsh's command and served with him until the enemy retired from the field. The Twenty-ninth was engaged at Cavalry field in resisting Pond's attack at 4.30 p.>r., after which it retired to 211 Indiana at Shiloh the siege guns, where it remained Sunday night and Monday. McAllister's Battery lost one gun at the northwest corner of Review field, and was afterwards engaged in McClernand's fifth and sixth positions, and at the Landing at 6 p.m., and on Monday with Marsh's Brigade. Second Division (W. H. L. Wallace's.) This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, four bat- teries of artillery, and four companies of cavalry, was commanded by Brigadier General C. F. Smith until April 2, 1862, when,^on account of Smith's disability. Brigadier General W. H. L. Wal- lace was assigned to the command. The division arrived at Pittsburg Landing March 18th and established its camp near the river between the Corinth road and Snake Creek. It formed at 8 o'clock Sunday morning, April 6th, when the Lirst and Second Brigades and three batteries were con- ducted by Wallace to a position on Corinth road just east of Dun- can field, where Tuttle's Brigade was formed south of the road, and two regiments of Sweeny's Brigade on the north side of the road. The other regiments of Sweeny's Brigade were held in reserve for a time and then distributed to different parts of the field. McArthur's Brigade was detached from the division and served on other parts of the field. Batteries D, H and K, First Missouri Light Artillery, were placed on a ridge behind Tuttle's Brigade. In this position Wallace was attacked at about 9.30 a.m. by Shaver's Brigade, assisted by artillery located in the Review fidd. At 10.30 A.M. the attack was renewed by Shaver, Stephens and Stewart, followed at noon by four determined attacks by Gib- son's Brigade. General Ruggles then took charge of the Confed- erate forces in front of Wallace and assembled ten batteries and two sections of artillery on the west side of Duncan field, and sent Wood, Anderson, Stewart and Cleburne to reinforce Shaver in a renewed attack upon AA^allace's front. At the same time the Union forces on Wallace's right and left retired, allowing the enemy to gain his flanks and rear. Seeing that he was being sm-- rounded, Wallace sent his batteries to the rear and then attempted 212 Shiloh Campaign and Battle to move his infantry out by the flank along the Pittsburg road. While riding at the head of his troops and near the fork of the Eastern Corinth road he received a mortal wound and was left for dead upon the field. When that part of the field was recovered on Monday General Wallace was found to be alive. He was taken to Savannah, where he died on the 10th. Four regiments of the division did not receive orders to retire in time to save themselves and were surrounded and captured at 5.30 p.m. The remainder of the division, under the command of Colonel Tuttle, retired to the right of the siege guns, where the troops remained in line Sunday night. On Monday the infantry commanded by Tuttle acted as reserve to Crittenden's Division of the Army of the Ohio until about noon, when it advanced to the front line on Crittenden's right and participated in all the after battles of the day. Battery A, First Illinois Light Artillery, served with Mc Ar- thur's Brigade on Sunday and had three guns in action with Sher- man on Monday. The three Missouri batteries, when they retired from Wallace's line at 5 p.m., reported to Colonel Webster near the Landing and were put in line, where they assisted in repelling the last Confederate attack on Sunday. They were not engaged on Monday. First Brigade (Turtle's.) This brigade of four regiments was encamped near the river north of the Corinth road. It moved to the front Sunday morn- ing, April 6, 1862, by the Eastern Corinth road. When near the southeast corner of Duncan field Colonel Tuttle, riding at the head of his brigade, discovered the enemy in the woods beyond the field. He at once turned the head of his brigade to the right and threw his regiments into line in an old road behind Duncan field in the following order from left to right : Fourteenth Iowa, Twelfth Iowa, Seventh Iowa, Second Iowa, the right reaching to the Corinth road, the left extending one regiment beyond, or south of. Eastern Corinth road ; the three right regiments behind a field ; the left regiment behind a dense thicket. About 0.30 a.m. 215 Indiana at Shiloh Confederate batteries opened fire upon the brigade. This was soon followed by infantry attack coming through the thick brush on the left. At about 10.30 A.:\r. Stephens's Brigade made an attack tlirough the field. lie was repulsed when he reached the middle of the field. This was closely followed by a second attack by Stephens, assisted by General Stewart, commanding Hindman's Division. About noon Gibson's Brigade was sent against Tuttle's position, and made four tletermined but unsuccessful charges, lasting until after 2 p.m., when it withdrew and Shaver made his third attack, in which Lieutenant Colonel Dean of the Seventh Arkansas was killed within a few yards of the front of the Four- teenth Iowa. General liuggles then assembled sixty-two pieces of artillery on the west side of Duncan field and concentrated their fire upon Tuttle and the batteries in his rear. At the same time Ruggles sent Wood, Anderson and Stewart to reinforce Shaver in a renewed attack at the front. AVhile meeting this attack Tuttle was ordered, at 5 p.m., to withdraw his brigade. He gave personal direction to the Second and Seventh Iowa and with them retired to the right of Hurlbut's Division, near the siege guns, where he assumed conunand of the remnant of the Second Division and formed his line near the camp of the Fourteenth Iowa. The staff officer sent by Tuttle to order the Twelfth and Fourteenth Iowa to fall back directed the commanding officers of those regiments to "about face and fall back slowly." Marching by the rear rank about two hundred yards, these regiments en- countered Confederate troops across their line of retreat. These they engaged and forced back to the camp of Hurlbut's First Bri- gade, where the Confederates were reinforced and the two regi- ments, together with two from the Third Brigade and a part of Prentiss's Division, were surrounded and captured at 5.30 p.m. The Fourteenth Iowa surrendered to the jSTinth Mississippi of Chalmer's Brigade, which had occupied the extreme right of the Confederate army. The Twelfth Iowa surrendered to Colonel Looney, of the Thirty-eighth Tennessee, Pond's Brigade, from the extreme left of the Confederate Army. The Second and Seventh Iowa were with Tuttle's command on Monday in reserve to General Crittenden. During the day the 216 Shiloh Campaign and Battle Second Iowa was sent to reinforce Xelson's left and in a charge across a field defeated an attempt of the enemy to turn the left of the Army of the Oliio. Later the Seventh Iowa charged a battery in Crittenden's front. Second Brigade (McArthur's.) This brigade, composed of five regiments, the jSTinth and Twelfth Illinois, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Missouri, and the Eighty-first Ohio, was encamped on llaml)urg and Savannah road near Snake Creek. The first order to the brigade Sunday morn- ing, April 6, 1SG2, disunited its regiments and sent them to dif- ferent parts of the field, and they were not united again until after the battle was over. The Thirteenth j\[issouri went to Sherman ; the Fourteenth Mis- souri and Eighty-first Ohio to guard Snake Creek bridge. General McArthur, with the Xintli and Twelfth Illinois and AVillard's Battery, moved directly south along the Hamburg road to the support of Colonel Stuart. Finding that Stuart had moved to the left rear of his camps, McArthur formed his command to Stuart's right rear just east of the Peach Orchard, the Ninth Illinois on the right next to Hamburg road ; the Twelfth Illinois to its left ; Willard's Battery in rear of the Xintli. In this position McArthur sustained himself against Jackson's Brigade until about 2 P.M., when Bowen, from Besevve Corps, was sent to reinforce Jackson. Under this combined attack McArthur was compelled to fall back. The Xinth Illinois, having lost fifty-eight per cent, of men engaged, retired to camp for ammunition and repairs. It was again engaged near its camp at 4.30 p.m., and then joined Tuttle's command at the Fourteenth Iowa camp, and served with him on Monday. The Twelfth Illinois fell back to a second posi- tion where it joined the Fiftieth and Fifty-serenth Illinois and was engaged until about 4 p.m., when it retired to its camp and passed the night. On Monday it was engaged witli ^IcClernand's command. The Fourteenth Missouri was engaged Sunday in a skirmish with Brewer's Cavalry on the right of Union b'n(\ On Monday 217 Indiana at Shiloh it joined the Third Division and supported Thompson's Battery. The Eighty-first Ohio remained on guard at Snake Creek bridge until 3 P.M. It then moved south to Hurlbut's headquarters, where it was engaged in the 4.30 conflict on Hamburg road. It bivouacked on McClernand's left Sunday night and served with Marsh's command on Monday. The Thirteenth Missouri joined McDowell's Brigade on Sunday and was engaged with it in the conflict with Trabue at noon. It bivouacked Sunday night near the Ninth Illinois camp and joined Sherman on Monday. General McArthur was wounded on Sunday and was succeeded in com- mand by Colonel Morton, of the Eighty-first Ohio. Third Bfigade (Sweeny's. ) This brigade was composed of the Eighth Iowa and the Seventh, Fiftieth, Eift^^-second, Fifty-seventh and Fifty-eighth Illinois. It was encamped between the First and Second Brigades and fol- lowed the First Brigade Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, on the Corinth road to the Eastern Corinth road, where it halted in reserve. The Fifty-eighth and Seventh Illinois were at once moved forward to Duncan field, where they formed at 9.30 a.m., on north side of the Corinth road, prolonging Tuttle's line and connecting Avith McClernand's left. Soon after, the Fiftieth Illi- nois was detached and sent to the left, where it became engaged on Mc Arthur's left. It fell back with the Twelfth Illinois to a position east of the Bloody Pond, where it was joined at about 3 p.]\i. by the Fifty-seventh Illinois. These regiments held their position on the left of the army until 4 p.m., when they fell back and supported Stone's Battery near the Landing in the last action of the day. About noon the Eighth Iowa was put in line between Tuttle and Prentiss, where it supported Hickenlooper's Battery until 5 P.M. The Fifty-second Illinois was sent, about 3 p.m., to the right. As it was moving down Tilghman Creek, it ran into Wharton's Cavalry, which was moving up the creek. A few volleys were exchanged by the head of the column, then the Fifty-second moved to the camp of the Fifteenth Illinois and was there engaged in repelling Pond's 4.30 p.m. attack. It then 218 Shiloh Campaign and Battle retired to the siege guns. The Seventh and Fifty-eighth Illinois, on Tuttle's right, and the Eighth Iowa, on his left, participated in all the engagements described in the account of Tuttle's Bri- gade until 4 P.M., when the Seventh retired to McClernand's seventh line. The Eighth Iowa and the Fifty-eighth Illinois were surrounded and captured at the same time that Prentiss was cap- tured. Colonel Sweeny was wounded on Sunday and was suc- ceeded on Monday by Colonel Baldwin, Fifty-seventh Illinois. Third Division (Lew Wallace's. ) This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, two bat- teries of artillery and two battalions of cavalry, was encamped north of Snake Creek; the First Brigade at Crump's Landing; the Second Brigade at Stony Lonesome ; the Third Brigade at Adamsville. Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, hearing sounds of battle up the river. General Wallace ordered his command to concentrate at Stony Lonesome, where, at 11.30 a.m., he received orders from General Grant, directing him to join the right of the army then engaged on the south side of Snake Creek. At 12 M., leaving two regiments and one gun to guard the public property at Crump's Landing, General Wallace started with his First and Second Brigades for the battlefield by the Shunpike road, which led to the right of Sherman's Division as formed for battle in the morning. At about 2.30 p.m. a staff officer from General Grant overtook General Wallace on this road and turned him back to the River road, by which, the Third Brigade having fallen into column, his division reached the battlefield after the action of Sunday was over. The division bivouacked in line of battle, facing west along the Savannah road north of McArthur's headquarters ; the First Brigade on the left, with Thompson's Battery on its right; the Second Brigade in the center ; the Third Brigade on the right, with Thurber's Battery at its center. At daylight Monday morning, April 7, 1862, the batteries of the division engaged and dislodged Ketchum's Confederate Bat- 21!l Indiana at Shiloh terv. ])ostod in the camp of the Eighth Illinois. At 6:30 a.m. the division, its right on Owl Creek, advanched en echelon of brigades, left in front, crossed Tilghman Creek, and drove the Confecleratos from their position at Oglesby's headquarters. Then wheeling to the left against the left flank of the enemy, it advanced fighting, until at 4 p.:\r. it had pushed the Confederates through the Union camps and l)eyond Shiloh Branch. Near nightfall the division retired under orders to General Shennan's camps, where it bivouacked Monday night. First Brijadc (Smith's.) This brigade was encamped at Crump's Landing. It moved out two and one-half miles on Purdy road to Stony Lonesome and joined the Second Brigade early Sunday morning, April 6, 1S62. At 12 M. it started for Shiloh by a road leading southwesterly toward the right of Sherman's camps. At about 2.30 p.m. the brigade was countermarched to the Adamsville and Pittsburg road, by which it reached the battlefield about dark and biv- ouacked in front of the camp of the fourteenth Missouri. On Monday the brigade formed in Perry field, near McArthur's head- quarters ; the Twenty-fourth Indiana on the left, the Eleventh Indiana on the right, and the Eighth Missouri in reserve. At about 6.30 a.m. it advanced across Tilghman Creek and at 8 a.m. entered the field of Hare's Brigade camp. It crossed said field in a southwesterly direction, driving back the Confederate forces, thence through the Crescent field and to McDowell's Brigade camp, where it bivouacked Monday night. Losses during the day, eighteen killed and one hundred fourteen wounded. The Twenty- fourth Indiana lost its Lieutenant Colonel, one Captain, and one Lieutenant killed. Second Brigade (Thayer's.) This brigade, consisting of the Twenty-third Indiana, First Nebraska, Fifty-eighth Ohio and Sixty-eighth Ohio was encamped at Stony Lonesome, two and one-half miles from the Tennessee 220 Shiloh Campaign and Battle River, on the Piinly rojul. 'Hie 8ixt_v-('iu,litli Ohio was detailed to guard the bag-giiiio, iiml the other rogiinoiits of the brigade followed the First P>rigade in its march toward Shiloh April 6, 1862. It counteriiiarched, from a ]ioiiit four and one-half niik^s out, to the Adamsville and Pittsburg i-oad, aiul thence via River road to the battlefield, whore it arrived after dark and bivouacked, in line of battle, at the right of the First Brigade. Monday morning it formed en eeliehm in right rear of the First Brigade, the First Nebraska on the left, tlie Twenty-third Indiana on the right, and the Fifty-eighth Ohio in reserve. It followed the movements of the First Brigade tlirongh tlic day and bivouacked at night in the camp of the Forty-sixth Ohio. 'ihird Bi'i^• Colonel T. Xilby ^vith, wlio, with the Fifty-fourth 230 Shiloh Campaign and Battle Ohio and Fifty-fifth Illinois, joined Sherman's command and fought on right next to Lew Wallace all day. Third Brigade (Hildebrand's. ) This brigade was encamped with its right, the Seventy-seventh Ohio, at Shiloh Church ; its left, the Fifty-third Ohio, near the Rhea House and separated from the Fifty-seventh Ohio by a small stream with marshy margins. About 7 a.m. April 6, 1862, the brigade formed to meet the attack of the enemy, the Fifty-seventh and Seventy-seventh in advance of their camps in the valley of Shiloh Branch. The Fiftj^-third, being threatened by an attack in left flank, formed its line perpendicular to the left of its camp. While in this position the brigade was attacked from the front by Cleburne's and Wood's Brigades. This attack, falling upon the exposed flank of the Fifty-third, compelled it to change front to the rear on left company and form a new line in rear of its camp. Attacked in this position, the regiment fell back disorganized, passing to the rear around the flank of the Forty-ninth Illinois, eight companies going to the Landing at once, two companies under the Adjutant, E. C. Dawes, joining the Seventeenth Illi- nois. The eight companies were reformed near the Landing by the Major and supported Bouton's Battery in McClernand's seventh line, and on Monday advanced with Marsh's conmiand. The Fifty-seventh and Seventy-seventh were reinforced by Raith's Brigade of the First Division and held their positions for some time, when they, too, fell back disorganized and were not aeain in line as regiments. Colonel Llildebrand acted as aid for General McClernand during Sunday. Fourth Brigade (Buckland's. ) This brigade was encamped with its left at Shiloh Church in the following order from left to right : Seventieth Ohio, Forty-eighth Ohio, Seventy-second Ohio. It formed for battle Sunday morn- ing, April 6, 1862, about two hundred yards in front of its camps, 231 Indiana at Shiloh where it withstood the attacks of Cleburne, Anderson and John- son until 10 A.M. Its right flank Avas then threatened by Pond and Trabue and it was ordered to fall back to the Purdy road. In making this movement the brigade was disorganized and scattered. The Colonel of the Seventieth Ohio, with a portion of his regi- ment, joined the Third Brigade of McClernand's Division and fell back with it to Jones field, where it joined McDowell's Brigade and was engaged with it until 1 p.m., when it retired to the Ham- burg road. The Adjutant and forty men of the Seventieth joined the Eleventh Illinois and fought with it until night. The Forty- eighth and Seventy-second retired to Hamburg and Savannah road, where Colonel Buckland reorganized his brigade and was engaged in the 4.30 p.m. affair, after which the Forty-eighth retired to the river for ammunition and spent the night in line near the Log House, the Seventieth and Seventy-second passing the night in bivouac near Mc Arthur's headquarters. On Monday the brigade was reunited, and, with Stuart's Bri- gade, formed Sherman's line that advanced to the right of McCler- nand's camps, thence southwesterly along the front of said camps to Shiloh Church, where the brigade reoccupied their camps at about 4 P.M. Sixth Division (Prentiss's. ) On the 26tli day of March, 1S62, General Grant, by Special Order IsTo. 36, assigned General Prentiss to the command of unat- tached troops then arriving at Pittsburg Landing, with directions to organize these regiments, as they arrived upon the field, into brigades, and the brigades into a division, to be designated the Sixth Division. Under this order one brigade of four regiments, commanded by Colonel Peabody, had been organized and was encamped on west side of the Eastern Corinth road, four hundred yards south of the Barnes field. Another brigade, commanded by Colonel Miller, Eighteenth Missouri, was partially organized. Three regiments had reported and were in camp on the east side of the Eastern 232 Shiloh Campaign and Battle Corinth road. Other regiments on their way iip the river had been ordered to report to General Prentiss, but had not arrived. The Sixteenth Iowa arrived on the field on the 5th and sent its morning- report to General Prentiss in time to have it included in his report of present for duty that day ; it was not fully equipped and did not disembark from the boat until the morning of the 6th. The Fifteenth Iowa and Twenty-third Missouri arrived at the Landing Sunday morning, April 6, 1862. The Twenty-third Mis- souri reported to General Prentiss at his third position about 0.30 A.M., and was placed in line at once as part of his comnuind. The Fifteenth and Sixteenth Iowa were, by General Grant's order, sent to the right to reinforce McClernand. They reported to him at his fifth line in Jones field, and w^ere hotly engaged from about 1 p.iM. to 2.30 P.M. Hickenlooper's Fifth Ohio Battery and Munch's First Minnesota Battery and two battalions of Eleventh Illinois Cavalry had been assigned to the division and w^ere encamped in rear of the infantry. One company from each regi- ment was on picket one mile in front of the camps. On Saturday, April 5, a reconnoitering party under Colonel Moore, Twenty-first Missouri, was sent out to the front. Colonel Moore reported Con- federate cavalry and some evidences of an infantry force in front, but he failed to develop a regular line of the enemy. Prentiss doubled his pickets, and at 3 a.m. Sunday sent out another party of three companies of the Twenty-fifth Missouri, under Major Powell, to reconnoiter well to the front. This party encountered the Confederate picket under Major Hardcastle in Fraley's field at 4.55 A.M. These pickets at once engaged, and continued their fire until about 6.30 a.m, when the advance of the main line of Hardee's Corps drove Powell back. General Prentiss, hearing the firing, formed his division at 6 a.m. and sent Peabody's Brigade in advance of his cajnp to relieve the retiring pickets and posted Miller's Brigade three hundred yards in front of his camp, with batteries in the field at right and left of the Fastern Corinth road. In this position the division was attacked at 8 a.m. by the brigades of Gladden, Shaver, Chalmers and Wood and driven back to its camp, where the contest was renewed. At 9 a.m. Prentiss was compelled to abandon his camp 283 Indiana at Shiloh and fall back to his third position, which he occupied at 9.05 a.m., in an old road between the divisions of Hurlbut and W. H. L. Wallace. Hickenlooper lost two guns in first position and Munch had two disabled. Each brought four guns into line at the Hor- nets' Nest. Prentiss was here joined by the Twenty-third Mis- souri, which gave him about 1,000 men at his third position. With this force he held his line against the attacks of Shaver, Stephens and Gibson, as described in an account of Tuttle's Bri- gade, until 4 P.M., when Hurlbut fell back and Prentiss was obliged to swing his division back at right angles to Tuttle in order to protect the left flank. When Tuttle's left regiments marched to the rear Prentiss fell back behind them towards the Corinth road and was surrounded and captured at 5.30 p.m. near the forks of the Eastern Corinth road. Hickenlooper and Munch withdrew just before they were surrounded, Hickenlooper report- ing to Sherman and becoming engaged in the 4.30 action on Ham- burg road. Munch's Battery reported to Colonel Webster and was in position at the mouth of Dill Branch, where it assisted in repelling the last attack Sunday night. First Brigade (Peabody's. ) This brigade of four regiments was encamjDcd on west side of Eastern Corinth road, about one-half mile south of Hamburg and Purdy road, in the following order from left to right: Sixteenth Wisconsin, Twenty-first Missouri, Twelfth Michigan, TAventy-fifth Missouri. Three companies of the T'wenty-fifth Missouri under its Major, Powell, were sent out at 3 a.m. April 6, 1862, to recon- noiter. Moving southwest from camp, Powell passed between the Rhea and Seay fields and into the main Corinth road, where one of Sherman's, picket posts was stationed. Beyond the picket, and near the southeast corner of Fraley field, he encountered Confed- erate pickets, and was fired upon at 4.55 a.m. After an engage- ment of over an hour, Powell fell back before the advance of Wood's Brigade to the Seay field, where he was reinforced by Colonel Moore with his regiment, the Twenty-first Missouri, and four companies of the Sixteenth Wisconsin. Colonel Moore took 234 Shiloh Campaign and Battle command, but was soon severely wounded, and Captain Saxe, Six- teenth Wisconsin, was killed. Lieutenant Colonel Woodyard, Twenty-first Missouri, assumed command, and was engaged about one hour, when he fell back to lihea field, where he was met by Colonel Peabody and the remainder of the brigade. Peabody held the Confederates in check until 8 a.m., when he fell back to his camp. Here he was attacked by the brigade of Shaver and the right of Wood's Brigade. Peabody was killed and the brigade forced to abandon its camp at 9 a.m. The brigade organization was broken up, a part retiring through McClernand's lines and about two hundred of the Twenty-first Missouri and one hundred of the Twelfth Michigan joining Prentiss at his third position, where they were surrounded and most of them captured at 5.30 o'clock Sunday afternoon. Sc'corid Brigade (Miller's. ) This brigade had tliree regiments in camp — a fourth assigned and reported but not yet in camp. The regiments were encamped between the Eastern Corinth road and Locust Grove in the follow- ing order from left to right : Eighteenth Wisconsin, Sixty-first Illi- nois, Eighteenth Missouri. The Sixteenth Iowa arrived at the Landing on Saturday, April 5, 1862. The Colonel reported for duty and handed in his morning report, so that his regiment is included in Miller's report of present for duty. Not being fully equipped, the regiment did not go to camp, but remained at Land- ing; on Sunday it, with the Fifteenth Iowa, was, by order of Gen- eral Grant, held for a time near the Landing to stop stragglers, and then sent to reinforce McClernand at his fourth line, where they were engaged and lost heavily. The Eighteenth Wisconsin arrived on the field on Saturday afternoon and went at once into camp, but did not get into the morning report of that day and are not included in Miller's pres- ent for duty. The brigade was formed for battle Sunday morning at 6 o'clock three hundred yards in front of its camp, at the south side of Spain field, wliere it was attacked by Gladden and Chal- mers at 8 A.M. and driven back into camp, and at a.m. was com- 235 Indiana at Shiloh pelled to abandon its camp. Parts of the Eighteenth Wisconsin and Eighteenth Missouri, about three hundred men, formed with Prentiss at his tliird position and remained with him until cap- tured at 5.30 p.:\r. The Sixty-first Illinois passed beyond or through Hurlbut's line and was in reserve behind that division all dav Sunday, except about an hour when it relieved another regi- ment in front line. UnASSIGNED ■' "J '' The Fifteenth ^Michigan arrived at Pittsburg Landing April G, 1862. Arms had been issued to the men, but no ammunition had been supplied. The regiment moved out upon the field early Sun- day morning and formed line and stacked knapsacks, at the left of the Eighteenth Wisconsin in Locust Grove, just as Chalmers appeared in front and moved to the attack. Failing to obtain ammunition, Colonel Oliver ordered his men to fix bayonets, as if to charge the approaching Confederates, but reconsidered and about-faced his men and returned to the Landing, where he ob- tained ammunition and again joined the fighting line at some place not now determined. On Monday morning the reghnent joined Pousseau's Brigade of the Army of the Ohio and fought with conspicuous gallantry all day. The Fourteenth Wisconsin arrived upon the field Sunday night, and on Monday joined Smith's Brigade of the Army of the Ohio and served with it all dav. It assisted in the capture of a battery, one gun of which was awarded to this regiment and sent to the State of Wisconsin. Silf versparre's Battery (H), First Illinois, arrived upon the field Sunday, Api-il 6. Its guns were four twenty-pounder Parrotts. Horses had not been supplied. The men got the guns up the bank and placed them in battery in front of the Log House, where they were engaged Sunday evening. Bouton's Battery (I), First Illinois, arrived at Pittsburg Sunday morning fully equipped, but without drill, and with horses that had never been harnessed to a gun. The battery was taken ashore and reported to Sherman, and rendered good service in repelling 2^6 Shiloh Campaign and Battle the last attack upon his line at 4.30 p.m. It remained with Sher- man on Monday all day, and received special mention by Colonel Gibson, of the Army of the Ohio. Siege Guns. — Battery B, Second Illinois. The guns belonging to this battery were, imder the direction of Colonel Webster, got- ten ashore Sunday afternoon and placed in position one-fourth of a mile west of the Log House, where they formed a rallying point for all troops coming back from the front. Powell's Battery (F), Second Illinois, was encamped near the Landing awaiting an assignment which Captain Powell understood w^ould place him in McClernand's Division. After waiting some time on Sunday morning for orders, Powell attempted to take his battery to McClernand. Lie moved out along the Corinth road, passing through Sweeny's troops at east side of Duncan field and arriving near the Duncan Llouse, after Hare's Brigade had fallen back, found himself, suddenly, in close proximity to the Confed- erate line of battle. In retiring one gun was upset and left just behind the Duncan field. With five guns Powell reported to W. 11. L. Wallace near the left of his line, where he was engaged until about 5 o'clock, when Captain Powell was w'ounded and his battery retired to its camp, where it was engaged at 6 p.m. in the final action of Sunday. Margraf's Eighth Ohio Battery arrived at the Landing the last of March. By an order issued April 2d it had been assigned to the Third Division, but had not reported to that division. The only official report of its action is given in the report of the First Min- nesota, which says that the "Eighth Ohio was on its left in the action of 6 p.m., Sunday, at the mouth of Dill Branch." ARMY OF THE OHIO Soon after the consolidation of the Departments of the Ohio and Missouri, General Ilalleck ordered General Buell to move his army from Nashville to Savannah, Tennessee, and form a junction with the Army of the Tennessee. Upon General Buell's sugges tion to march his army across the country rather than transfer it by boats, it was so ordered, and General Buell, with the advance of his army, reached Savannah, Tennessee, April 5, 1862. Early 237 Indiana at Shiloh Sunday, April 6th, General Grant informed General Buell by note^ of the situation at Shiloh and ordered General Nelson^ to march his division up the east side of the Tennessee to a point opposite Pittsburg Landing-, where boats would be found to ferry him across the river. General Buell and staff reached Pittsburg Landing ;by boat between 2 and 3 o'clock. Ammen's Brigade, the advance of Nelson's Division, arrived upon the field at about 5.30 p.]\r., a part of it engaging in the repulse of the Confederates in the last attack of Sunday. During the night the remainder of Nelson's Division and Crittenden's Division arrived on the field, and early jMonday morning two Brigades of McCook's Division reached the Landing. In the action of the 7th the Army of the Ohio occupied the left of the Union line, extending in a semicircle from the Tennessee River, south of Dill Branch, to north side of the Corinth road one mile from the Landing, jSTelson's Division on the left, Crittenden in the center, McCook on the right. "The enemy on a line slightly oblique to ours and beyond open fields with a battery in front of Nelson's left, a battery in front of Crittenden's left, a battery in front of Crittenden's right and McCook's left and another battery in front of McCook's right. A short distance to the rear of the enemy's left were the encampments of McCler- nand's and Sherman's Divisions, which the enemy held. While troops were getting into position, Mendenh all's Battery engaged the enemy's second battery with some effect. Bartlett's Battery engaged the enemy's third battery."^ The divisions of the Army of the Ohio moved forward, preserv- ing their relative positions in line, and became engaged about 8 A.M. They adA-anced slowly until aliont 2 p.m., when Wood's Divi- sion arrived jnst as the final retreat of the Confederates began. In the forward movement McCook's Division kept the main Cor- inth road, Crittenden's Division about the direction of the Eastern Corinth road. This separated these divisions so that at about 11 A.M. Veatch and Tuttle, from the Army of the Tennessee, were moved into the interval between McCook and Crittenden and • 109 War Records, 232. -11 W^ar Records. 95. ^General Buell's report. 238 Shiloh Campaign and Battle became engaged in the Eeview field. At 4 p.m. the Confederates had retired from the field, and the Army of the Ohio bivouacked on a line extending from Stuart's camps through Prentiss's camps to near Shiloh Church. TerrilFs Battery (H), Fifth United States, belonging to Mc- Cook's Division, was detached for service with ISTelson and was in action on Hamburg road and at the Peach Orchard. Second Division (McCook's. ) The advance of this division, Pousseau's Brigade, reached Pitts- burg Landing Monday morning, April 7, 1862, and took its place in line of battle at S a.m. on Crittenden's right. Kirk's Brigade formed in rear of Rousseau. These brigades were joined by Gib- son's about noon. The advance of the division was along the Corinth road to the Water Oaks Pond, where it was engaged at noon. Its last engagement ^vas at Sherman's headquarters, from which point the Confederates retired from the field. Terrill's Battery, belonging to this division, was engaged on Nelson's left until 2 p.m., when it moved toward the right and engaged a battery in McCook's front. Fourth Brigade (Rousseau's. ) This brigade formed in line of battle on Crittenden's right at 8 A.M., April 7, 1802, in front of the camp of the Third Iowa, in the following order: Sixth Indiana on the left. First Ohio in the center, First Battalions of jSTineteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth United States Infantry on the right, and the Fifth Kentucky in reserve. The Fifteenth Michigan was attached temporarily to this brigade and served with it all day. At 9 a.m. the brigade advanced across Tilghman Creek and engaged Trabue's Brigade until about 11 a.m., wdien Trabue retired and Rousseau advanced to Woolf field, where he found a force of the enemy on its west side. His ammunition being exhausted, Rousseau retired and Kirk's Brigade took his place in the first line. As soon as ammuni- 289 Indiana at Shiloh tion was supplied Rousseau took position again in the front line and engaged the enemy until he retired from the field. Fifth Brigade (Kirk's.) This brigade was in the rear of Kousseau until about noon, when it relieved that brigade and formed in front line behind the Water Oaks Pond in following order : Thirty-fourth Illinois on the left, Thirtieth Indiana in the center, and the Twenty-ninth Indiana on the right ; the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania detached to the left, where it was twice charged by cavalry. Later in its advance the Seventy-seventh captured Colonel Battle, Twentieth Tennessee. The Thirty-fourth Illinois in the first advance passed directly through Water Oaks Pond. Its Commander, Major Lev- anway, was killed, and Colonel Kirk, commanding the brigade, was wounded. The engagement here was the last eft'ort of the Confederates to hold their line, and closed the fighting for the day. SixtJi Brigade (Gibson's. ) This brigade arrived upon the field about noon and joined its division at Woolf field, and was at once ordered into line on Kirk's left, where it became engaged at once. The Thirty-second Indi- ana was detached and is mentioned in the reports as having made a bayonet charge in front of Kirk's Brigade near the pond. It followed the retiring Confederates until ordered to return. It failed to find its division and bivouacked by itself Monday night. The other regiments of the brigade bivouacked near the camp of the Fourth Illinois Cavalry. Fourth Division (Nelson's. ) The head of this division arrived opposite to Pittsburg Landing about 5 P.M., April 6, 1862. One brigade, x\mmen's, crossed the river and parts of the Thirty-sixth Indiana and Sixth Ohio were engaged in the closing action of Sunday. At 9 p.m. the entire divi- 240 Shiloh Campaign and Battle sion had crossed the Tennessee River and formed along the north side of Dill Branch, where it bivouacked Sunday night with pick- ets across the branch. At 5.30 a.m. on the 7th the division advanced and at 7 A.]\r. formed on the south side of the branch and aAvaited the completion of the line. At 8 a.m. it attacked the Con- federates in the Peach Orchard, MendenhalFs Battery with the right and Terrill's Battery with the left. The division gained the south side of the Peach Orchard at 2 p.m., the Confederates retir- ing. This closed the conflict on the left. The division remained in line until night and bivouacked "svith its left in Stuart's camps, its right near Prentiss's headquarters. Tenth Brigade (Ammen's. ) This brigade, composed of the Thirty-sixth Indiana and the Sixth and Twenty-fourth Ohio, crossed the Tennessee River at 5.30 P.M., Sunday, April 6, 1862. Eight companies of the Thirty- sixth Indiana and four companies of the Sixth Ohio were formed one-quarter of a mile in front of the Log House in support of Stone's Battery, "the left in a ravine parallel with the Tennessee River and having water in it." These companies participated in the final repulse of the Confederates Sunday night. The Twenty- fourth Ohio was sent one-half mile to the right, but did not become engaged. After the repulse of the enemy the brigade formed three hundred yards in advance on the crest of the bluffs of Dill Branch, where it bivouacked Sunday night. On Monday it formed line of battle \vith the Thirty-sixth Indiana on the left, the Sixth Ohio on the right, and the Twenty-fourth Ohio in reserve, and at 5.30 a.m crossed the ravine and at 8 a.m. became engaged on the extreme left of the Union line, near Tennessee River. At about 11 a.m. Ammen's advance was checked by an attempt of Confederates to turn his left. He was reinforced by the Second Iowa and another regiment and repulsed the attack. He reached Stuart's camp at about 1 p.m., but was driven back. At 2 P.M. this camp was again taken, the Confederates retiring from this part of the field. (16) 241 Indiana at Shiloh Nineteenth Brigade ( Hazen's. ) This brigade reached the battlefield at 9 p.m., April 6, 1862, and bivouacked, on the right of the division, south of the siege- gun battery, in the following order: Ninth Indiana on the left, Sixth Kentucky on the right, and the Forty -first Ohio in reserve. The brigade advanced at 5.30 a.m., April 7th, and became engaged about 8 A.M. at Wicker field. The Ninth Indiana lost heavily at the house on the north side of the Peach Orchard. The brigade then advanced to the Wheat field, where a battery was captured and its guns spiked by the Forty-first Ohio. This advanced posi- tion was held only a few minutes, the brigade falling back some- what disorganized to Wicker field, from which it advanced at 2 P.M. across the west side of Peach Orchard and took position near Prentiss's headquarters. It was not again engaged, and biv- ouacked there Monday night. Tirenty-second Brigade ( Bruce 's. ) This brigade arrived at Pittsburg Landing about 6 o'clock Sun- day evening, April 6, 1862. It bivouacked between the Tenth and Nineteenth Brigades, the Second Kentucky on the left, the First Kentucky on the right, and the Twentieth Kentucky in reserve. It held the center of the division all day and was engaged in a charge across the Peach Orchard, in which a battery was captured and lost again. At 2 p.m. the enemy retired and this brigade took position on south side of Peach Orchard, where it bivouacked Monday night. Fifth Division (Crittenden's. ) This division, consisting of the Eleventh and Fourteenth Bri- gades and Mendenhall's and Bartlett's Batteries, came from Sa- vannah on boats, arriving at Pittsburg Landing during the night of Sunday, April 6, 1862, and bivouacked along the Corinth road 242 Shiloh Campaign and Battle in the rear of Nelson's Division. Early Monday morning it moved ont and formed line in front of the camps of the Thirty-second and Forty-first Illinois, joining IS^elson's right, the Fourteenth Bri- gade in front line, the Eleventh Brigade in reserve. At about 8 A.M. the division advanced and soon after became engaged at the position held by Prentiss and Tut tie on Sunday. Bartlett's Bat- tery on the right, near the fork of the Eastern Corinth road, was engaged until 12 m., vhen it retired to the Landing for ammuni- tion. Mendenhall's Battery was engaged on ^NTelson's right until after noon, when it took position in rear of the Fifth Division and was there engaged until the close of action. The division was engaged along the Eastern Corinth road and east of Duncan field about four hours, in which time both brigades and all its regiments were repeatedly engaged. It advanced, cap- turing some guns ; was repulsed and driven back to the road sev- eral times. At about 2 p.m. it gained and held the Hamburg and Purdy road, which ended the fighting on this part of the line. It bivouacked Monday night in front of Prentiss's camps. Eleventh Brigade (Boyle's. ) This brigade formed in rear of the Fourteenth Brigade at 8 a.m. Monday, April 7, 1862, near Hurlbut's headquarters, in the fol- lowing order from left to right : Ninth Kentucky, Thirteenth Kentucky, Nineteenth Ohio, the Fifty-nintli Ohio in reser\^e. At about 10 A.M. it became engaged at the east side of Duncan field, the Nineteenth Ohio in front of Bartlett's Battery. The brigade relicA-ed the Fourteenth Brigade and was engaged on the front line in two or three engagements and finally took position on right of the Fourteenth and held it until night. The Nineteenth Ohio was at 12 m. sent to the support of Nelson's Division and was engaged at the Peach Orchard. Fourteenth Brigade (Smith's.) This brigade formed in front of the camps of the Thirty-second and Forty-first Illinois at 8 a.m. Monday, April 7, 1862, in the fol- 245 Indiana at Shiloh lowing order : Thirteenth Ohio on the left, Twenty-sixth Ken- tucky on the right, and the Eleventh Kentucky in reserve. The Fourteenth Wisconsin was attached temporarily to the brigade and placed on the right of the Twenty-sixth Kentucky. It served with the brigade all day. The brigade advanced, with its right on Eastern Corinth road, and became engaged along the sunken road, where Tuttle and Prentiss fought on Sunday. It advanced through the thick brush and assisted in the capture of a battery in the Wheat field, but was obliged to abandon it and return to old road. In the final action, about 2 p.m., it captured some guns of another battery, which were successfully held as trophies by the brigade. Sixth Division (Wood's.) This division arrived upon the field about 2 p.m. It was ordered into line on Crittenden's right. When it got into position the battle was about over, and only Wagner's Brigade became engaged, and that only for a few minutes, the Eifty-seventh Indi- ana having four men wounded. The division bivouacked in reiir of the right of Prentiss's Division camps. 246 HON. C. C. SCHREEDER REPRESENTATIVE FOR VANDERBURGH COUNTY, AUTHOR OF BILL PROVIDING FOR MONUMENTS AT SHILOH NATIONAL MILITARY PARK Laws, Appointment of Commission and Letting of Contract T HE Sixty-second regular session of the General Assembly of Indiana passed the following Act : Chapter C'LXIX. AN ACT to provide for the appointment of commissioners to locate the important positions occupied by Indiana soldiers in and during the Battle of Shiloh; select and locate places for monuments to be erected as memorials for the respective organizations of Indiana soldiers who fought there; to procure and supervise the erection of such monuments upon the Shiloh National Military Park; to provide for the dedication of the same; to perform all other duties naturally incident and pertain- ing to such worlv; to make an appropriation therefor, and declaring an emergency. [H. 329. Approved March 11. 1901. i Whereas, Under the acts of Congress approved December 4, 1894, establishing the Shiloh National Military Park, the gov- ernment has purchased about three thousand (3,000) acres of the Shiloh Battlefield, embracing most of the heavy fighting ground ; and Whereas, The State of Tennessee has ceded to the United States jurisdiction over said battlefield ; and Whereas, The said acts of Congress leave it to the States to erect monuments to regiments and batteries within said park at points wdiere said organizations were respectively engaged in battle; and Whereas, The said National Park, with its graded avenues ]^etween battle lines and its handsome monuments commemo- rative of American- valor, will, when completed, be of national interest ; and Whereas, The State of Indiana had on said battlefield and in 249 Indiana at Shiloh action in said battle nineteen (]9) regiments of infantry and two (2) batteries of artillery ; and Whereas, The Legislatnres of all the States, except the State of Indiana, had heretofore appointed commissions and made appro- priations for the erection of monnments to the different regi- ments of said States ; and Whereas, Immediate action should be taken looking to the erec- tion of monuments as contemplated by the act ; now, therefore. Section 1. Be if enacted hy the General Assembly of the State of liidiana, That the Governor of said State be and is hereby empowered to appoint a commission consisting of seven (7) citi- zens of the State of Indiana^ at least six of said commissioners shall have served as soldiers and were present and engaged in the Battle of Shiloh, to locate and mark the historically important positions held and occupied by the respective regiments or bat- teries during the battle, to locate proper sites for monuments, contract for the construction and erection of the same in accord- ance with the plans and under the supervision of the Shiloh National Park Commission, and to cause the same, with necessary attendant expenses, to be paid for in couipliance with the herein- after provisions of this act. Sec. 2. That of the officers of said commission shall be a pres- ident, elected by the commission, and such other officers as the commission may deem necessary. Sec. 3. The commission shall at all times be subject to the direction and control of the Governor, to whom the commission must report as often as required, and who shall have absolute power of removal and of aj^pointment so long as the commission shall continue in service. Sec. 4. Generally, said commission shall serve without pay, other than actual expenses necessary to the discharge of their duties, but nothing in this act shall prevent the commission from employing one or more of their members when desirable to per- form service for which they may lawfully contract : Provided, however, That one of their number can only be employed by con- tract in writing, with the consent and approval of the Governor endorsed thereon. 250 Laws Sec. 5. All contracts for designs or for monnments and the erection of the same shall be in writing in duplicate, in the name of the State, signed by the contractor and by the president of the commission for the State, and approved by the Governor, one copy of which shall be deposited with the Governor. Sec. 6. Pa^onents shall be made upon contract of the com- mission, and for their necessary expenses, upon statement in ^\Tit- ing, approved by the Governor, and which shall be deposited with the Auditor of the State, who shall draw his warrant upon the treasury of the State for the amount of the same, in favor of the person entitled thereto, which shall be paid by the State Treas- ury out of the fund hereinafter appropriated for that purpose, and payments shall not be made except upon such statement, which must be signed by the president, or some one designated by him. Sec. 7. That there is hereby appropriated out of any fund in the State Treasury, to the credit of the general revenue fund not otherwise appropriated, for the purpose of this act, the sum of twenty-five thousand ($25,000) dollars, to be expended in the following manner : In the erection of monuments for nineteen (19) regiments of infantry, two (2) batteries of artillery, at the cost of not to exceed one thousand ($1,000) dollars each, for the sum of twenty-one thousand ($21,000) dollars; for the expenses of the commission as traveling expenses and for the expenses of the Governor, and of the participation of the State in the dedication ceremonies of said monuments at a date to be here- after agreed upon, clerk hire, labor employ, office rent and other necessary expenses, and included in this is any expense for the purpose for which this commission is created, for services which are valuable to the commission, the sum of four thousand ($4,000) dollars : Provided, That no more than fifteen thousand ($15,000) dollars of the above appropriations shall be paid during the fiscal year ending October 31, 1901, and that the residue of said appro- priation shall be paid during the fiscal year ending October 31, 1902 : And provided, That should there remain a balance of said appropriation, after the erection of the monuments as above pro- vided for, such balance, not exceeding four thousand ($4,000) 251 Indiana at Shiloh dollars, is hereby appropriated for markers for the different his- torical points occupied by the respective regiments and batteries during the progress of the battle, where monuments can not be erected, and other than those provided by the government : And provided, That no part of the sums herein appropriated shall be used as expenses for the ceremonies of the dedication of said military park. Sec. 8. The work of the commission must proceed with diligence and promptness, and wherever practicable the repre- sentative of the different regiments and batteries may be con- sulted as to their wishes in regard to designs and sites of the [monuments, and their] wishes shall control where no delay is occasioned thereby. Sec. 0. The maximum limit for each monument for each organization may be increased by contribution by persons who desire to make such, and the commission shall use such contri- bution in conjunction with the provision by the State in the erec- tion of the monument, which shall be selected by those especially interested, but in all instances the contribution must be in the hands of the commission before the design is selected; otherwise the proposed contribution shall not be considered. Sec. 10. When the work of the commission is done, or in the judgment of the Govermnent it is no longer proper or expedient to continue it, it shall be discontinued by order of the Governor, whereon all contracts must be at once closed out and a complete report made to the Governor, all debts paid and any balance remaining unexpended shall at once be returned to the general revenue fund of the State. Sec. 11. Whereas, no appropriation has ever been made and no commission has ever been appointed to represent the State of Indiana in the preparation of the Shiloh Park, contemplated by the act of Congress of December 4, 1894, it is hereby declared that the same shall be in force from and after its passage. Tn compliance with the above law. Governor Winfield T. Dur- bin appointed the following ex-soldiers to constitute the Indiana Shiloh Battlefield Commission, to wit: 252 Appointment of Commission Lieutenant Thomas B. Wood, Eleventh Indiana Franklin G. E. Gaediner, Thirtieth Indiana Bluii'ton Captain Edwin Nicar, Fifteenth Indiana South Bend Major John F. Wildman, Third Cavalry Muncie Lieut. Colonel J. S. Wrtoht, Twenty-fifth Indiana .... Rockport Benjamin M. Hutchins, Sixth Indiana Columbus Lieutenant Nicholas Ensley, Forty-fourth Indiana.. Indianapolis Pursuant to notice from Governor Durbin, the Commissioners met in his office for the purpose of organization on May 31, 1901. The Commission organized by selecting Thomas B. Wood Pres- ident and Edwin Nicar Secretary and Treasurer. Thereupon the members of the Commission called upon the Governor in person for the purpose of talking over with him matters of importance relating to the ISTational Park and to thank him for the honor conferred upon them by being selected mem- bers of the Commission. At a meeting of the Commission held at the Capitol on Decem- ber 2, 1901, a committee of three members was appointed to determine the kind of stone to be used in the monuments, to select the designs, and to make contracts with responsible firms to build and erect said monuments and to attend to all other duties necessary to the completion of same. The designs of monuments, samples of stone, together with specifications of the following named parties, were submitted and carefully considered : Hughes Granite and Marble Company Clyde, Ohio Muldoon Monument Company Louisville, Kentucky John A. Rowe & Company Bedford, Indiana McDonald & Sons Buffalo, '^ew York John Walsh Montgomery, Indiana Caldwell & Drake Columbus, Indiana Sidney Speed Crawfordsville, Indiana A. M. Connett Evansville, Indiana Harry M. Scarce T^oblesville, Indiana Rudolph Schwarz Indianapolis, Indiana 253 Indiana at Shiloh December 28, 1901, the Commission met at the State House, and after careful consideration unanimously agreed to adopt the best buff Bedford oolitic stone to be used in the monuments, the same to be free from all defects and to be quarried out of the second and third ledges in the best Bedford quarries. The designs furnislied by the several bidders were then carefully examined, and those furnished by the Muldoon ^Monument Company, of Louisville, Kentucky (John R. Lowe, of Indianapolis, designer), were unanimously selected and adopted. Copies of the designs, with samples of the stone adopted by the Commission to be used in the erection of the monuments, were forwarded to Colonel Cornelius Cadle, President of the National Shiloh Military Park Commission, and to the Secretary of War. The designs were returned indorsed: "Approved ; the quotation marks following the number of the Regiment to be removed. E. Root, "Secretary of War." Contract was now entered into with the Muldoon Monu- ment Company of Louisville, Kentucky, to build and construct, upon foundations prepared and provided therefor by the Shiloh National Military Park Commission, nineteen monuments for Infantry and two monuments for Artillery (consideration, $21,- 000), in accordance with plans and specifications, said monuments to be completed on or before the 30tli of September, 1002. CONTRACT OF MULDOON MONUMENT COMPANY WITH STATE OF INDIANA TO ERECT MONUMENTS ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF SHILOH This agreement, made in triplicate, and entered into this 1st day of February, A. D. 1902, by and between the Muldoon Monument Company of Louisville, Kentucky, located at No. 322 West Green street, in the city of Louisville, county of Jefferson, an'^ State of Kentucky, party of the first part, and the State of Indiana, by its Commissioners appointed by the Governor of the State to erect monuments on the Battlefield of Shiloh for the 254 Letting of Contract State of Indiana, under the ])r(ivisi()ns of an aet entitled "An act to provide for the ap])<>intnient of Coniniis.sioners to locate the important positions occupied bv Indiana soldiers in and dnring the Battle of Shiloh," etc., a]tproved March 11, 1001, party of the second part, Witnesseth, That said party of the first part, for and in con- sideration of the snni of twenty-one thousand ($21,000) dollars, to be paid at the time hereinafter particularly specified, hereby contracts, bargains and agrees with said party of the second part to hire, furnish and perform all the labor, and order, buy, pay for and provide all materials of every kind and nature rerpiisite and necessary for the erection, construction and completion, at such points in the Shiloh Xational Military Park, located at Pitts- burg Landing, in the State of Tennessee, as should be designated by the second party, and to build and construct, upon foundations prepared and provided therefor by the Shiloh Xational Military Park Commission, nineteen (10) monuments for Infantry regi- ments and two (2) monuments for Artillery companies of Indiana Volunteers that participated in the Battle of Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862, in strict accordance with the designs, drawings, plans and specifications therefor heretofore prepared by the Muldoon Monument Company, and as accepted by the second party and approved by the Shiloh 'National Military Park Commission and by the Secretary of War, which designs, drawings, plans and specifications are hereby made a part of this contract to all intents and purposes as though the same were fully and wholly incorpo- rated herein, said ])lans, specifications and drawings to be strictly and literally followed: Provided, however, That in ease of con- flict between the terms of this contract and the terms of the speci- fications, the language of this contract shall in every e\ent con- trol, any provision in the specifications to the contrary notwith- standing ; but if durina' the progress of the work of construction it should be found that the architect and designer, by omission or oversight, or through carelessness or other cause, had failed to properly specify in said designs, plans, specifications and draw- ings, labor and material, or either, necessary to make the mon- uments enduring, complete and artistic structures, the first party 255 Indiana at Shiloh shall furnish the necessary labor and material, or either, to prop- erly complete the same, without additional compensation, it being expressly understood and agreed that the contract price above named shall cover the cost of the complete and perfect structures without extra charge of any kind or character ; and the said first party does hereby contract and agree that all stone used in the construction of said monument shall be out of the best buff Bed- ford, Indiana, oolitic limestone, to be free from rust stains, seams or any defects of any kind, and to be quarried out of what is known as the second or third ledges in the best Bedford oolitic limestone quarries, and in all other character and quality as speci- fied in said specifications, and none other shall be used ; and that all inscriptions adopted by the second party, and approved by the l^ational Conmiission and the Secretary of War, shall conform to good taste and artistic effect, whether the same shall be shown upon the designs and drawings as adopted and approved or not, in order to secure the faithful performance of this contract in every particular. The first party agrees within thirty (30) days of the execution of this contract to file in the office of the Auditor of the State of Indiana, the bond of some surety company authorized to do business in the State of Indiana, in the penal sum of twenty -five thousand ($25,000) dollars, the conditions to be of a character to secure the State of Indiana against possible loss and damage from a failure to perform and carry out this contract on the part of the first party. The party of the first part hereby further agrees to construct, erect and complete said monuments in all respects as herein pro- vided, and to the entire satisfaction of the party of the second part in every particular ready for delivery, and to tender the same to the second party for acceptance on or before the 1st day of September, 1902, to the end that proper dedicatory services may be held in October or November, 1902, and the completed structures tiirned over to the Shiloh National Military Park Com- mission ; and time is expressly made of the essence of the con- tract ; and said party of the first part assumes all consequent 256 Letting of Contract liabilities that may arise from a failure to ])erform his contract at the time specified in this contract. I'pon the completion of the monuments in accordance with tlie requirements of this contract to the entire satisfaction of the second party in every particular and the acceptance thereof by the second party and the Shiloh Xational Military Park Commis- sion, and the delivery to them, free and clear of any and all liens and claims whatever, the second party shall pay to the party of the first ]iart the sum above named, as follows: I'en thousand dollars when the stone for the monuments shall have been com])letely cut and dressed and furnisluMl on board cars at Louisville, Kentucky, for shi])ment to Pittsburii' Landing, and the balance when the monuments shall have been erected, com- pleted and accepted. It beini>- agreed that inasmuch as the a])propriation for the erection of these monuments is not available after October 31, 100-!, but if not drawn u])()n that date must be covered into the Ftate treasury, that in case the party of the first ])art shall not have completed said monuments as herein provided to the accept- ance of the said second party and shall have been accepted by said ])arty, no compensation shall thereafter be paid to the party of the first part, and the party of the first ])art shall not make any claim whatever against the State of Indiana or against any representative of the State, or against any nu^nber of the Com- mission for any com])ensation by virtue of such uncompleted work. It is further expressly agreed and ])rovided that in case said monuments or any part or parts of tluMU or of any of them shall not be completed and approyed by the party of the second part, that party shall give notice of the fact to the party of tlie first part, and reciuire the ]xirty of the first part to rebuild the mon- uments or the ])art or ])arts thereof not accepted by the party of the second part within a reasonable time to be fixed by the party of the second part ; and in case the party of the first part shall not com|)ly with said recpiirements, tin* said party of the second part shall have the right to rescind this contract, and in (17) 257 Indiana at Shiloh the event of such rescission, the party of the first part shall remove such monument or monuments or any work which may have been done thereon immediately, and in case said monument or monuments or work done thereon shall not be removed when required as aforesaid, the party of the second part may remove the same at the expense of the party of the first part ; and the party of the first ]iart does hereby contract and agree to pay all damages and expenses which may result to the second party on account of the failure of the first party to complete said contract in accordance with the terms and conditions of this agreement. In the erection and construction of these monuments, the rules and regulations of the Shiloh National Military Park Commission must be carefully observed and obeyed. In erecting the monuments as hereinbefore provided for, the bottom of each and every stone in each monument shall be cut level so as to rest directly upon the stone beneath without bol- stering. The second party reserves the right to employ an inspector to watch the Avork of construction while the monuments are in prog- ress of erection, should such party see fit so to do, and the first party agrees to afford such inspector every assistance in the ])er- formance of the duties that he may require ; but whether or not the second party is so represented during the construction of the monuments, the contractor shall not be released from a strict performance of his contract, nor shall the second party be pre- vented from taking advantage of his failure or omission to comply with this contract. It is further agreed that each triplicate co])y of this agreement shall 1)0 considered as an original, and that one such copy shall be delivered to the party of the first part, and one retained by the party of the second part, and the third deposited with the Governor of the State of Indiana, and that copies of the specifi- cations and drawings shall be furnished to each of said parties and to said Governor. In witness whereof. The parties hereto have hereunto caused these presents to be executed in triplicate, by the signature of John Ii. Lowe, duly authorized thereto by the party of the first 258 Legislation Concerning Monuments part, and by the signature of Thomas B. Wood, President of the said Commission, and the approval of Winfield T. Durbin, Governor, on the part and behalf of the party of the second part, this first day of February, 1902. MULDOOIS^ MONUMENT CO., By John K. Lowe, Attorney in fact. Thos. B. Woon^ President. A])proved : Winfield T. Durbin, Governor of Indiana. LEGISLATION CONCERNING MONUMENTS The following law, reappropriating the amount of former appro- priation merged back into the general fund of the State, and an additional appropriation for the completion of the work of the Commission and for the erection of a monument to the (Second Cavalry) Forty-first Indiana Regiment, became a law February 28, 1003: Chapter XLIL AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled "An act to provide for the appointment of commissioners to locate the important positions occu- pied bj- Indiana soldiers in and during the battle of Shiloh; select and locate places for monuments to be erected as memorials for the respective organizations of Indiana soldiers who fought there; to procure and supervise the erection of such monuments upon the Shiloh National Military Park; to provide for the dedication of the same; to perform all other duties naturally incident and pertaining to such work; to make an appropriation therefor, and declaring an emergency," approved March 11, 1901; reappropriating the unexpended balance of moneys appropriated by the provisions of said act, making an addi- tional appropriation therefor, and declaring an emergency. [H. 124. Law without (Toveriior's signature, February 28, I903.J Whereas, By the act of the General Assembly of the State of Indiana, approved March 11, 1001, the Governor of the State of Indiana was empowered to appoint a commission consisting of seven citizens of the State of Indiana, at least six of whom should have served as soldiers and were present and engaged in the battle of Sliiloh, to locate and mark the historically 259 Indiana at Shiloh important positions lield and oeenpied by the respective regi- ments or batteries dnring said battle, to locate proper sites for monuments, contract for the construction and erection of the same, in accordance with the plans and under the supervision of the Shiloh Xational Park Commission, to be paid for in compliance with the provisions of said act ; and Whereas, By the same act the sum of $25,000 was ap))ropriated, to be expended under the direction of said commission in carry- ing into eifect the object for which said commission was cre- ated ; and WiiEEEAS, A commission a])])ointe(l by the (Governor of the State, in accordance with the provisions of said act, has contracted for and caused the erection of monuments in accordance with the provisions of said act, and has incurred a large amount of necessary expense in connection with said work ; and Wheeeas, Prosecution of said work was unavoidably delayed by reason of the fact that material for the erection of said mon- uments had to be transported to the battlefield by water, via the Tennessee l\iver, and the low stage of water in said rirer during the season of 1!)02 prevented such transportation until too late to permit the com])letion of said work before the time when the moneys thus appropriated had to be turned back into the State Treasury ; and Whekeas, The said battlefield is not located on the line of any railroad, and the distance from railroads has greatly hindered and delayed the work of said commission and increased the necessary expenses incident to said work ; and Whekeas, There still remains unexpended of said moneys thus appropriated the sum of $22,92l>,r>8, which said sum has been turned back into the State treasury ; and Whereas, It will require the expenditure of all of said moneys thus unexpended to discharge the obligation of the State and comply wdth the contracts duly made for the erection of said monuments, and will also require the additional sum of $1,500 to defray additional necessary expenses incident to the proper completion of said work and the dedication of said monuments; now, therefore : 260 Legislation Concerning Monuments Sectiox 1. Be it enad''d by ihe General Asse)Hhhj of f]ie Strtte of Indiana, That there is hereby ap])r()])riate(l out of any funds in tlie State treasury, to the credit of the general fuiuls of the State, not otherwise a])propriated, the suiu of $24,429. GS, the same being- the unexpended balance of the ap})ropriation liereto- fore made, and the additional sum of $1,500, the same to be expended by the Slnh>h Vi\vk Commission in comjdetion of the unfinished work of said commission in defraying the expenses of the dedication of said monuments and in the preparation and publication of a report of the work of said commission, inchiding appropriate liistorical sketches, cuts and illustrations. Sec. 2. That there is liereby appro]n-iated out of any funds in the State treasury not otherwise a])propriated the additional sum of fifteen liundred dollars, to be used by said commission in procuring and erecting on said battlefield of Shiloh a monu- ment to the Forty-first Kegiment of Indiana Volunteers, also known as the Second Indiana Cavalry, in doing which and paying for wliicli said commission shall l)e governed by the provisions of said act, to which this is supplemental and amendatory. Sec. 3. An emergency exists for the immediate taking efiect of this act, and the same sliall therefore take effect and be in force from and after its passage. The Indiana Shiloh Park Commission, on board the steamer Savannah, Tennessee River, April 6, 1903, resolved that in the matter oi the erecti(»n of a luonument to the Second Indiana Cavalry (Forty-first IJegiment) on the Battlefield of Shiloh, as provided by an act of the last session of the Indiana Legislature, that the offer of the IMiddoon Monument Company of Louisville, Kentucky, to furnisli and complete a momunent of tlie same nuiterial and design as the Indiana monuments now in place on said battlefield, the Cavalry arm of the service to be represented, for the sum of twelv^e hundred and fifty dolhirs ($1,250) be and tlie same is hereby adopted. All Iiuliana monuments are of equal size — base 8 feet 2 inches square, heiglit 10 feet G inches, weight 27,000 pounds each — re- quiring a se])arate car for each uionuuient in transport to the Shiloh Xational Park. 2()1 Indiana at Shiloh FINANCIAL REPORT OF THE INDIANA SHILOH BATTLEFIELD COMMISSION To the Governor of Indiana: I have the honor to svibniit lierewitli my final report showing the receipts qnd disbursements of the Indiana Shiloh Battlefield Commission fron.i its organization to the date hereo"f- Receipts. To amount appropriated by General Assembly, 1901. .$25,000 00 To amount appropriated by General Assembly, 1903. . .3,000 00 Total appropriation .$2K,000 00 Disbursements. By amount paid the Muldoon Monument Company, Louisville, Kentucky, for twenty-one monuments. .$21,000 00 By amount paid the Muldoon Monument Company. Louisville, Kentucky, for one monument (Second Cavalry) 1,250 00 By sundry expenses of Commission 2,72(5 18 By amount paid H. C. Bauer Engraving Company for numerous cuts 109 05 By amount estimated to be paid W. B. Burford for printing and binding 3,000 copies of report 1.500 00 By amount of postage and expi-essage 200 00 By amoimt paid Baker »S: Thornton for maps, 3,000 each day 275 00 By amount paid .John W. Coons, compiling report, etc. 500 00 Total disbursements $27,020 18 Balance of appropriation unexpended $379 82 Indianapolis, Oct. 24, 1904. I hereby certify that the foregoing statement of the receipts and disbursements of the Indiana Shiloh Battlefield Commission is correct. All vouchers upon which warrants were issued by the Auditor of State were duly approved according to law and are on file in the office of said Auditor of State. Thomas B. Wood, President Indiana Shiloh Battlefield Commission. 262 Dedication of Monuments PROGRAM For the Dedication of the Indiana Monuments upon Shiloh National Military Park, April 6 and 7, 1903, the Forty-first Anniversary of the Great Battle Meeting called to order at 10 a.m. l)y Captain Thomas B. Wood, President of the Indiana Shiloh National Park Commission. Pkayer — By Rev. II. J. Xm-ris, Pastor First M. E. Church, Win- chester, Indiana. Chairman— Major General Lewis AVaUace, Crawfordsville, Indi- ana. Quartette — ''The Vacant Cliair," by the Mershon Family, of Marion, Indiana, assisted by Charles Cranmer. PoE^i — Bv James Whiteomb Kiley, of Indianapolis, Indiana. Drum Solo— ''A reproduction of the Battle of Shiloh," on two drums, by Captain W. A. Mershon, the original Drummer Boy of Shiloh, member of the Thirtieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. Presentation of Monuments to Hon. Winiield T. Durbin, Gov- ernor of Indiana, by Colonel James S. Wright of the Indiana Shiloh National Park Commission. Acceptance of Monuments and ]>resenting them to the United States Government, by Hon. AV infield T. Durbin, Governor of Indiana. Song — "America." Monuments Received from the Governor of Indiana by Hon. William Gary Sanger, Assistant Secretary cf War, on behalf of the Secretary of War and the United States Government. Address— By Colonel Josiali Patterson, of Memphis, Tennessee, representing the Shiloh National :\rilitary Park Commission. Song— "The Red. White and Blue." 2»)o Indiana at Shiloh Address — Bv Hon. James B. Frazier, Governor of Tennessee, representing the State of Tennessee and her Union and Con- federate dead. Song — "The Star Spangled Banner." Oration — By Hon. Albert J. Beveridge, United States Sena- tor from Indiana, representing Indiana, the Indiana Shiloh ■National Park Commission, and Indiana's Union Soldiers. PRAYER BY REV. H. J. NORRIS Almighty God, our heavenly Father, we come to Thee in th(i name of Thy only Son our Savior, who declared "That men ought always to pray and not to faint." We come to Thee because Thou art the only true and all wise God, who inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy and in whose hands are the destinies of men and nations. We come with glad hearts and joyful spirits, with prayer and praise and thanksgiving, for the manifold mercies and bless- ings lavished upon us as individuals, as communities, and as a nation. We are assembled here under unusual, peculiar, yet the most auspicious circumstances. Solemnly our feet tread the streets of this silent city whose denizens are immortal. To us, this holy ground, a sacred spot, and forever will be a hallow^ed place, because baptized with the precious blood of thousands of America's brave and patriotic sons — men who dared to die standing by their convictions. Hence, we have come here to unveil these marble shafts as memorials to our noble and illustrious dead. And while their names and deeds are chiseled in enduring marble and bronze and iron, their memories are enshrined in the heart of every American citizen and will continue to live on while history endures. Then* names will yet thrill the coming ages as they are spoken by the tongues of the eloquent and their heroic deeds chanted by immortal minstrels. We, therefore, pray Thy blessing upon all the services and exer- cises of this occasion. Save us from any and all untoward circumstances which woidd mar the peace and unity which now prevail. We thank Thee for the peace and good will which now obtain within our borders, 266 X Q ^- -I o ^ General Wallace's Oration which the soothing iuflnoncc of forty-one years have effected. We thank Tliee for the g-ood fellowshi]> which exists between this nation and tlic jtowcrs of earth. (V)ntinne Tdioii with us as a nation and may we as a ])0()|)]e constantly strive to worlv out tlie high purposes of Tliy will. And, O Lord God, steady us in the dizzy heights of national greatness nnto which Thon hast exalted ns. And while we pray for all, we would especially reniendjer all the battle-scarred survi\'ors of this battle, together with all the armies of this l\e])ublic. Bless every child orphanized by this con- flict and every woman rendered a widow V)y this scene of carnage. Bless our land and nation, our chief executive and his councilors. "We pray for the absolution of all our sins, and when the con- flict of life is over and we have served thy righteous will, may Ave all join in ascribing unto (Jod the Father, (lod the Son and God the Holy Ghost all ])raiso aiul honor and dominion forever and forever. Amen. GENERAL WALLACE'S ORATION General Lew Wallace then delivered the following oration: Ladies and Gcidlevieii : It has pleased Providence ro suffer it to come about that of the soldiers representing Indiana at the Battle of Shiloh I should be the first in rank, if not in years. The fact, as 1 see it, makes them all my brethren, and me their comrade. And I recognize myself in many ways bounden to them in duty arising out of the fact — a duty which I shall ]>roceed to perform now lest the o})])ortunity to do so never come again. To strangers in attendance it is proper for me to say in the beginning that it has pleased the lawmakers of Indiana to honor the memory of the soldiers of the State — those living and those dead — who here did battle that the ISTation might lire. To every regiment and every battery engaged they have accordingly set up a separate monument on a s])ot s(dected because on that spot each fought its best fight, winning or losing. And the object of assem- blage now is to dedicate those monuments, Governor Durbin offici- ating. 2(10 MAJOR GENERAL LEWIS WALLACE Commanding Third Division, Army of the Tennessee, in THE Battle of Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862. During the SECOND DAY'S BATTLE GENERAL WALLACE HAD COMMAND OF THE RIGHT WING OF THE UNION ARMY AND SUCCESSFULLY KEPT TURNING THE ENEMY'S LEFT DURING THE DAY'S BATTLE; WAS ON THE AD- VANCE LINE WHEN THE BATTLE CLOSED, HALTING ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF Shiloh Branch. General Wallace's Oration Are the men deserving the honor? Monuments, you all know, are as a rule limited to the greatly successful ; while some of these, it is said, were not of them. Let us, in the first place, single out distinctly the regiments to which the criticism has been applied, and then try the justice of the critics. By the record it appears Indiana had i)resent on the field a detachment of the Second Cavalry, two batteries, the Sixth and Ninth, and nineteen regiments of infantry, of which latter thir- teen belonged to General Buell's Army of the Ohio, and six to the Army of the Tennessee, General Grant commanding. IsTow, as General Buell's army had no share in the misfortunes that befell in course of the first day of the battle, his regiments may be omitted from the argument ; that is, having been greatly successful in the second day, their entitlement to their monuments is absolutely unclouded. In other words, no one has ever pre- sumed to smircli them or their Commander with the spray of bitter aloes — to which all unjust remark bears the nearest like- ness. The Eleventh, the Twenty-third, and the TAventy-fourth Indi- ana were of the Third Division of the Army of the Tennessee. The Thirty-first, the Twenty-fifth and Forty-fourth belonged to Hurlbut's Fourth Division ; and of the six but three — the Twenty- fifth, Thirty-first and Forty-fourth — had part in the first day's action. And touching the Thirty-first and Forty-fourth one cir- cumstance must stand to their credit of itself more than enough to silence detraction — a circumstance to live in history, and be repeated long after the good Indiana stone of their monuments has crumbled to dust. They helped hold the Hornets' N'est, against Avhich the best chivarly of the South, led by paladins like Hindman, Gibson, A. P. Stewart, Allen, Avegno, and Stephens, were seven times launched, and seven times repulsed. No, not repulsed, but beaten to a standstill. After all, however, the story of the Twenty-fifth, Thirty-first and Forty-fourth Indiana at Shiloh is inseparable from that of the army to which they belonged. They — the regiments and the army — stand together in honor. There can be no judgment for or against the three that does not comprehend the Avhole of the other. (18) -273 Indiana at Shiloh And now 1 say l)roadlj and boldly that in all tlie chronicles of war there is nothing of heroism superior to that made manifest on this ground forty-one years ago by the Army of the Tennessee. I am not speaking of mere courage or obstinacy of resistance ; in those respects doubtless the conduct of the army under consideration lias been many times equaled, but — and this is my insistance — never under circumstances so trying to the souls of men in arms — circumstances so peculiar, so deterrent, so unprecedented, and ordinarily of such overwhelming influence for the Avorse. I know, my friends, that I have now w^'ought you up to a degree of interest not to be allayed except by a recital of the circum- stances so insisted upon. I know, too, that in giving them I may subject myself to misunderstanding and attack. I^o matter. A man standing face to face with a duty to the many must himself be hardy enough to speak independently of the few. I will state the points. To begin with, the Army of the Tennessee had present for duty, Sunday, April 6th, 30,060 men; while of the Confederates 49,444 marched from Corinth, and were presumably present at the attack - — a difference of ]S,7S4. The civilian may not realize the materi- ality of that difference, but 1 am confident every soldier will. Did any of you, my friends, ever hear of an army fighting a battle withont a conmiander? ISTo? Well, that was the case with the Army of the Tennessee at the beginning of the first day here. The five divisions on the field had each its chief, to be sure ; but none of the five chiefs was in general command. Instead of one supreme governing will^ nowhere so essential as in battle, there were five officers each independent of the others. Between them things were done by request, not orders. No one of them was responsible for Avhat the others did. I am sure you will see the enormity of the disadvantage. You will even wonder that there was any resistance made. I may not pass this point without an exi)lanation. To do so would be grossest injustice. General Grant, as everybody knows, was in command of the Army of the Tennessee at the time. By order of General Halleck his headquarters were at Savannah, ten miles below Pittsburg Landing. Hearing the guns, he made all 274 General Wallace's Oration haste to the scene of action, arriving there four hours after the attack began. It was then too late for him to change the day. The battle had passed beyond his control. A strange circumstance that certainly ; but what will you say to this I offer you next? The Confederate army left Corinth for Pittsburg Landing on Thursday in the afternoon. It moved in three corps — Hardee's, Bragg's, Polk's — with Breckinridge's three brigades in reserve. The intention was to attack the Army of the Tennessee Saturday morning, but it was not until late Sat- urday afternoon that the entire army reached its destination, and was deployed. Here now is the marvel. How was it possible to move the three great army corps into as many lines of battle, each behind the other, within two miles of Shiloli Church without mak- ing their presence known ? Were there any Union pickets out ? How far out could they have been? Had they no eyes, no ears? It w^ould seem not. For at 5 o'clock Sunday morning when Hardee moved to the attack — I give you all permission to wonder while you listen — neither General Grant at Savannah, nor one of his Division Commanders on the field knew of the peril, or even suspected it. Every soldier in the sound of my voice must remember some- thing of the ordinary preparations for a defensive battle known to be imnnnent. He knows the uses of scouting and reconnoissances, and that had they been seriously resorted to here the enemy, not two miles away, must have been uncovered. He knows, too, all about the resorts of military engineering. Here in Sherman's front there was a ditch barely covering his right brigade, but nowhere else so much as a rifle pit. He knows the surgeons must choose convenient places for their field hospitals ; that the ordnance officers must have wagons near by with extra ammunition for the resupply of regiments and bat- teries ; that noncombatants are put out of the way ; that the trains are properly parked ; that nothing in the least obstructive litters the roads serving communication between commands here or there. It is true that on Friday Colonel Buckland and Major Kicker, 27-3 Indiana at Shiloh Tetnrning from the front, warned General Sherman of infantry and artillery before him. Eicker told him flatly that Beam-e- gard's army was advancing. Sherman pooh-poohed both Buck- land and Eicker, and said it could not be possible. '^Beauregard was not such a fool as to leave his base of operations (Corinth) and attack us in ours. It was a mere reconnoissance in force." In a word, my friends, the records will have it that, with the two exceptions stated, no precaution was taken against surprise, or preparation of any kind made for battle. ISTever did an army receive an attack under so many serious disadvantages ! It is a downright pleasure now to see how the larger part of the Army of the Tennessee behaved — how magnificently they re- ceived their hunters. The advanced divisions, Sherman's and Prentiss's, where not already in line, formed under fire. The J>ivl- sion Commanders all rose to tlie occasion. Hurlbut, W. H. L. Wallace, and McClernand, seeing the need of supporting Prentiss and Sherman, did it upon their own ordering. Through the long hours of that terrible Sunday, with scant intermissions for restor- ing broken lines, the fight went on fiercer gi'owing. By noon every intelligent Union man engaged had reason to believe the battle lost, and himself with it, unless the foe could be held back until Buell could come to the rescue. To that end Grant had the siege guns planted in battery on the bluff of the landing. He never thought of surrender. ISTelson, with his division, crossed the river about sundown, and it has been said he saved the Army of the Tennessee. I do not think so. It is my opinion, dispassionately given, that the chances of Confederate victory went out with the passing of the great soul of Albert Sidney Johnston. After that, my division having reached the field, what was left of the Army of the Tennessee could have taken care of itself. All this, my friends, I would have you apply in fair proportion to the credit of the Thirty-first, Twenty-fifth, and Forty-fourth Indiana ; and having, as I liope, made their titles clear, give me to speak next of the Plevonth, Twenty-third, and Twenty-fourth Indiana. 276 General Wallace's Oration 'I 'hey all belong to my division, the Third of the Army of the '1 ennossee ; and as whatever of blame or of good report attaches to tliem is inseparable from the division, I prefer in my further remarks to be governed by that fact. The division was very dear to me. I could call most of the men by tbeir Christian names. They were all in the manhood of early youth, strong, healthy, handsome, intelligent, and of cheer- ful deportment. Oh, it was a sight to see the full seven thousand of them in the irresistible forward swing of the route-step march- ing! And wluit words have I to give you an idea of them what times they were making their guns talk in the loud controversy of battle ! There was no limit in reason to my confidence in their courage, which is one thing, and their capacity to do, which is another thing. At Donelson had I not seen them with the powder-fire in their faces climb the hill whose taking sealed the fate of the fort ? Of my Colonels, George F. McGinnis should be here today. Braver, better, sturdier Brigadier General never buckled a sword belt about him. Where are the rest? I walk wearily over the line along which the division passed, fighting and winning, though sometimes inch by inch, and ask myself, "Where are they who on their high-stepping steeds followed close after their well-doing lines, looking for advantages in the heady fight, and seeing that none were lost ? I only read their names in history and deep carven on the stones in this growing wilderness of monuments. Charles Whittlesey, educated soldier and scientist, who left his laboratory to help save his country. John M. Thayer, a Major General, then Governor of his State (jSTebraska), and United States Senator. Manning F. Force, lawyer of such degree that whoever writes the judicial history of Ohio must give him pages in the book. Alvin P. Hovey, a Major General, and then Governor of Indi- ana. Morgan L. Smith, also a Major General, rough, ready, a soldier in the best meaning of the word, only too careless of his life. Charles R. Wood, another educated soldier who gained his star. 277 Indiana at Shiloh M. D. Leggett, yet another Major General. If you wonld learn of him, his character and the esteem in Avhich he was held, go ask about him in Cleveland, Ohio. I have now a question to put to you, ladies and gentlemen. After the battle was fought, and the details published, it became of importance to gentlemen connected with it in high places to have a scapegoat ; and some of you may remember that I was the unfortunate selected for the purpose. I will not trouble you with the accusations against me. My tongue refuses to mention them. Besides that, it is unnecessary, for at last General Grant, at McGregor dying, was thoughtful and just enough in his Memoirs to exonerate me from them. This, however, is what I have to ask you : Consider the men wliose names you have just heard me pronounce — Colonels and Brigade Commanders of my division. Had I been guilty of any military offense while with them marching to the assistance of comrades in distress that black Sunday ; had I been laggard in the march ; had I led them from the musketry and peals of cannon sounding in our ears all the day from dawn to dark, like the monotone of the ocean spending its infinite energies upon a stony bench, would these men have not seen it ? Eager, anxious, sharp of discern- ment, keen in the discovery of mistakes or misconduct, and more than independent enough to expose them, how was it possible for me to have deceived them ? And if afterward they discovered the deceit or tlic mistake, why did they not join in the hue and cry against me ? The cloud I lay under twenty years and more black- ening my life had yet its silver lining. ISTot one man of the divi- sion, officer or private, ever raised his voice in the controversy except in sympathy, and to defend me. Or if he did otherwise, I never heard of it. We were at Crump's Landing, by land six miles below Pitts- burg, the Sunday of the battle. The three brigades were in posi- tion, one at Crump's, where I had my headquarters; the Second at Stony Lonesome, two miles and a half out ; the Third at Adams- ville, five miles. Thursday evening my scouts reported the Confederate Army in march from Corinth to Pittsburg Landing, where the Army of 278 General Wallace's Oration the Tennessee was lying. So when at dawn Sunday I heard can- nonading from the sonth I knew a battle was in progress, and hastened to order the brigades to concentrate at Stony Lonesome, the First and Third npon the Second. About 8.30 o'clock General Grant, jjassing up from Savannah, stopped by my boat at Crump's, and ordered me to hold myself in readiness to march on orders received in any direction. I told him I was ready then. He repeated his order, and went on. I rode out to Stony Lonesome and waited, and at exactly 11.30 o'clock — mark the time — I received the expected order, directing me to march and form junction with tJie rigid of tlie army. ]^ow, from Stony Lonesome there were two roads to Sherman's camp, which was the right of the army ; one to the left along the river by way of Pittsburg Landing, the other to the right by a road I had had corduroyed and bridged in anticipation of the emergency then upon me. If I took the first, the march would be about nine miles ; while six miles only were required by the second. The point being to get to the destination in the quickest time, I took the nearest road. Every step made the noises of the battle more distinct. I never knew men more eager to get on than mine. They needed no urging. The column had gained a number of miles, and was plainly nearing the fight, when a second messenger from General Grant o^'crtook me with an order to come to Pittsburg Landing, where, in the language of the messenger, he "wanted me like hell." I was then in the rear of the Confederate Army, or in other words, the Avhole Confederate Army was squarely between me and Pittsburg Landing. If our army there had been able to help me — it was really not able to help itself — I should have pushed on. As it was it seemed prudent to cross the country, and try the river road around the enemy's left flank; and that was what I did, halt- ing within a half-mile of Pittsburg Landing just after nightfall, part of the division having by chain measure marched exactly eighteen miles and a quarter, fully one-third of the distance being through mud and backwater from Snake Creek, up to the axles of the gun carriages. Eighteen and a quarter miles from Crump's, fifteen and a half 279 Indiana at Shiloh from Stony Lonesome — that is the record of my gal hint division. Take it, please, remember it if ever again yon hear one say it took us the whole day to march the six miles from Crump's to Pitts- burg Landing. Fifteen and a half miles from Stony Lonesome, starting at 11.30 in the forenoon, and by roads that would have appalled the stoutest heart but for the appeal there was in the guns of battle. Let us now suppose the march sown with errors, an error for every step. Did not the division condone them next day ? I shall not go into details of that fight. Find them, if you please, on the monuments of the three regiments whose record I am discussing. This, however, I will say — we fired the first gun in the morning of Monday, and when the battle closed we were beyond Shiloh Iiun nearly, if not quite, a mile beyond the rest of the line. With this I conclude. Thank you for the patience with which you have heard me. The oration of General LeAV Wallace was followed l)y a quar- tette, ''The Vacant Chair," by the Mershon Family of ^Marion, Indiana, assisted by Charles Craumer. THE NAME OF OLD GLORY JamcL Whitcomb Riley, of Indianapolis, delivered the follow- ing ]M:iem : Old Glory! say, Avho, B; the ships and the crew, A] d the long, blended ranks of the gray and the bine, • Who gave you, Old Glory, the name that you boar With such pride everywhere As you cast yourself free to the rapturous aii- And leap out full-length, as we're wanting you to? — AVho gave you that name, with the ring of the same, And the honor and fame so becoming to you? — Your stripes stroked in ripples of white and of red, With your stars at their glittering best overhead — By day or by night Their delightfnlest light Lauuliing down from their little square heaven of bluel— 280 The Name of Old Glory Who gave you the name of Old Glory?— say, who— Who gave yon the name of Old Glory? The old banner lifted, and faltering then In vagiw lisps and whispers fell silent again. Old Glory, speak out! we are asking about How you happened to "favor" a name, so to say, That sounds so familiar and careless and gay As we cheer it and shout in our wild breezy way— We— the crowd, every man of us, calling you that— We— Tom, Dick and Harry— each swinging his hat And hurrahing "Old Glory!" like you were our kin. When — Lord I — we all know we're as common as sin! And yet it just seems like you humor us all And waft us your thanks, as we hail you and fall Into line, with you over us, waving us on Where our glorified, sanctified betters have gone. — And this is the reason we're wanting to know— (And we're wanting it so!— Where our own fathers went we are willing to go.)— Who gave you the name of Old Glory?— O— ho!— Who gave you the name of Old Glory? The old flag unfurled with a hillouij thrill For an instant, then vistfullg sigJied and was still. Old Glory: the story we're wanting to hear Is what the plain facts of your christening were,— For your name — just to hear it, Repeat it, and cheer it, 's a tang to the spirit As salt as a tear;— And seeing j'ou fly, and the boys marching by, There's a shout in the throat and a blur in the eye And an aching to live for you always— or die, If, dying, we still keep you waving on high. And so, by our love For you, floating above, And the scars of all wars and the sorrows thereof, Who gave you the name of Old Glory, and Avhy Are we thrilled at the name of Old Glory? Then the old banner leaped, like a sail in the blast, And fluttered an audible answer at last. — And it spake, with a shake of the voice, and it said:- By the driven snow-white and the living blood-red Of my bars, and their heaven of stars overhead— By the symbol conjoined of them all, skyward cast, As I float from the steeple, or flap at the mast, 281 Indiana at Shiloh Or droop o'er the sod where the long grasses nod,— My name is as old as the glory of God. .... So I came by the name of Old Glory. Wliich was followed by a drum solo, "A reproduction of tlie Battle of Shiloh," on two drums, by Captain A. W. Mershon, the original Drummer Boy of Shiloh, member of the Thirtieth Indi- ana Infantry. ^ PRESENTATION OF MONUMENTS Colonel James S. Wrig'ht, of the Indiana Shiloh ]S^ational Park Commission, now presented the monuments to Governor Winfield T. Durbin, in the following words : Mr. Chairman and Felloio Citizens: lorty-one years ago a great army was encamped upon this field, going througli the general routine of camp life, singing their camp songs, writing letters to lo^-ed ones at home and thinking of the many happy times they would have when the cruel war was over. During that great war ruin seemingly held this great coun- try of ours in the balance. Our Government was threatened, many different industries halted to see the final outcome of the struggle and the world silently viewed the war, anxious for its result. The question that could not be settled by legislation was by that war forever dispensed with. Perhaps there was no other battle ever fought where victory Avas of more importance than was the Battle of Shiloh. The Union men had advanced two hundred thirty miles from their base of supplies, and if the Confederate Army was defeated it meant the opening of the Mississippi Piver and the loss of the great Mississippi Valley to the Confederacy. Just at the break of day, and as the sun rose in all its beauty, and as the Southern mocking bird perched on the topmost twig of the magnolia, send- ing up to heaven its melodious strains, and all nature seemed to be rejoicing, the sound of musketry was heard in the distance. Then came a sight that none but soldiers who had been in battle could describe. The saddling of horses, the command of officers to fall in, the dashing of orderlies and aids to the different bri- gades and regiments, the distribution of ammunition and tlie 282 Presentation of Monuments formation of a line of battle, foretold that a great conflict was near at hand. On the enemy came. And the glitter of the bayonet, the flashing of the sabre, the moving of artillery, the roaring of nmsketry, told that two great armies had met in deadly conflict. And for eight consecutive hours an open field fight was ^vaged such as had never before occurred on this continent. The battle was on. Our lines were broken and beaten back, and as the sun wont down and dark came we found the Union lines formed in the rear of the line of artillery with our left resting on the river. FIELD COVERED WITH DEAD. The field was covered with the dead and dying, and looking ovei- the defeated ranks of our companies and regiments the strongest liearts felt sick and faint. As I sat at the roots of that old oak tree, not to sleep, but to rest and to offer a prayer to the god of l)attle to spare us from another such day, the news was spread that BuelFs army had commenced crossing the river and was marching to the front. General Lew Wallace had arrived with his division and had taken his position on our right. Thus closed the first day of the conflict, and in the drenching storm we spent the night. At the break of day on the morning of the Tth General Wallace opened the fight, and all along the line of battle the battle w^aged, if possible, fiercer than It did tlie day before. For hours the main line was unmoved until General Wallace moved forward, taking position after position, drove back their left flank and compelled them to retreat. Shouts of victory filled the air, and hour after hour we regained positions that were lost the day before, until the whole field had been recaptured and we were left in possession. Thus ended the second day of the great conflict, but not as did the first, for defeat was turned to victory, but many of the brave men were dead. Worse than the plague that falls upon men was the result of this battle. The dead and dj-ing and the pitiful stories of the levied ones at home told by the wounded boys upon the field, and the bloody field, are things never to be forgotten. Two-score years and one have passed since w^e struggled in that remarkable battle upon that field, and as I look into your faces, rnions and Confederates, I thank God that I have lived to see the 283 Indiana at Shiloh time when we who were once enemies are now friends. Who \ver(i once proud to say that we rested under a different flag, now as brothers and together wrap the stars and stripes about us and rest in peace. Hand in hand we wander over this field, Confed- erates and Unions, viewino- the honored o-raves of those who died for country's sake ; relating those most interesting and never-tire- some stories of those years and '61 and '65, together with the stories of that strife in which our sons were brothers, tlie war with Spain. Since the close of the war the Government has been blessed with untold prosperity, ISTorth and South alike. The lines of transportation and communication are very rapidly approaching the stage of perfection ; it has increased in wealth so rapidly that today it is impossible to approximate its real worth. It has grown to be the greatest of manufacturing centers and is looked upon by the entire world with admiration. It has taken charge of all the great battlefields and turned them into consecrated spots where rest the ISTation's dead, and invited the States to erect monuments to the regiments that struggled on the various fields of battle. Indiana's commission. In March, 1001, Colonel C. C. Schreeder introduced a bill in the General Assembly of Indiana asking for an appropriation of $25,000 to erect upon this field twenty-one monuments, nineteen infantry and two battery, which bill authorized you, Hon. Winfield T. Durbin, Governor of Indiana, to appoint a commission to take charge of the work, and on May o, 1001, we received our commis- sions. As a member of the Indiana Xational Park Commission, it falls upon me to present to your Excellency the monuments which have been erected by the State of Indiana upon the Battle- field of Shiloh. And in this connection it is proper to give you a brief account of the work of the commission. After having been called by your Excellency, we met and organized and elected Thomas B. Wood, of Eranklin, Indiana, as our President. The first important work imposed upon this Commission was that of estab- lishing historically important positions held and occupied by the respective Indiana regiments and batteries during this battle, to locate the proper sites for the monuments and to establish the 284 Presentation of \Ionuments figiitiui;' ixjsitioiis of these organizations during the battle And, tliongli forty years had passed since the forests of Shiloh thun- dered A\'ith the gnns of the contending armies, and in many places the woods had been cleared away, while in others dense forests had groAyn up, changing the appearance of the battlefield and country, yet tin:e had not changed the rolling ground and yalleys nor the prominent historical locations. Many days were spent on the battlefield by the Commission in a careful investigation and in locating the lines and positions of these regiments and battery commands. All were located to the satisfaction of the Shiloh National Military Park Commission in charge of the park. And here your Commission desires to express its thanks to the National Commission. For nearly two years Colonel Cornelius Cadle, Chau'man, Colonel Josiali Patterson and Major J. H. Ash- <:raft. Commissioners, and especially Alajor D. AV. Peed, Secre- tary and Historian, and Atwell Thompson, Engineer in Charge of the Park, have all been untiring in our behalf. THE ]\I0NUMENTS. Circulars were sent hj this Commission to all the principal mon- ument makers in the country, asking for designs and bids for the construction of these monuments and also asking that they submit to the Commission with each design proper samples of granite and Bedford oolitic stone. Various styles and designs of monuments to tl:e number of nearly one liundred fifty were submitted to the Commission. I'he members of the Commission were called to- gether by the President, Captain Thomas B. Wood, and after spending considerable time in examining the samples of stone sub- mitted and the different designs for the monuments they w(u-e found to be so varied in style that the Commission did not get through with closing the contract until they had to adjourn. As a matter of economy I introduced a resolution providing that a committee of three, with the President of the Commission as chair- man, be appointed to personally take charge of the work and to contract for the same. This resolution was unanimously adopted, and thereupon the President appointed the other two members to serve on this committee, who were Benjamin AT. Hutchins and 285 Indiana at Shiloh Nicholas Ensley. Several months wore consumed by this com- mittee in getting the contract closed. As the amount appropriated for each monument wt^s limited, the object this committee had in view was to get the largest and most appropriate design for the money. Indiana Bedford oolitic stone was selected by the major- ity for the monuments and the design of John K. Lowe, of Indi- anapolis, was selected as the largest and most appropriate one submitted. These monuments are now erected in this park, each monument having made one carload, or twenty-one carloads in all. After the contract was let for the twenty-one monuments it was ascertained that there should have been one erected to the Second Indiana Cavalry, and during the last session of the General Assembly Colonel C. C. Schreeder asked for $1,500 for that purpose, and as soon as possible it will be placed in position to our left. The work of preparing the report of the locations selected for each regiment and battery monument and the writing of the inscriptions for the front and the historical inscriptions for the back of each of these monuments, from which the future history of Indiana will be written, and all of which had to conform with the Avar records, official reports and the rules of the War Depart- ment, was assigned to Captain ISTicholas Ensley, he having served in both days' battle. This was the most difficult task of all, and many months of Captain Ensley's time were given to the work and to the conducting of a large and important correspondence, to all of which he gave his best efforts, inspired by a feeling of love and patriotism to our soldiers and comrades who fought at Shiloh and to our beloved State of Indiana, which had so gener- ously provided the means with which to accomplish this important work. MORE AVOBK TO DO. This service does not close the work of this Commission. There still remains a sum of money unexpended and which will be care- fully used in completing the work of the Comndssion, including securing photographs of all the monuments erected, photographs of important battlefield scenes in the park, photographs of Gen- 28(1 Presentation of Monuments erals and officers on both the Union and Confederate side who were killed in action, photographs of commanding Generals, both living and dead, photographs of the commanding officers of all regiments and batteries engaged in the battle, a photograph of Governor Oliver P. Morton and one of the present Go\^ernor, the making of half-tone cnts of them all for use in illustrating the final report, the completion of all historical manuscript so it may be ready for the printer and the publication of said historical report in volume form, all of which is yet to be accomplished by this Commission. Indiana's loss in the two days' battle at Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862, was 1,259. Of this number one hundred sixty were killed upon the field during the battle, many of the wounded died after the battle, and many others were maimed, disabled and helpless for life. On Sunday, April Gth, the first day's battle, Indiana had but three regiments and one battery engaged, viz. : The Twenty- fifth, Thirty-first and Forty-fourth Regiments anautzon the French had 11)0,- 000, the Allies 110,000. At Leipsic the Allies had 290,000, the French 150,000. At AVaterloo the Allies had 100,000, the French 70,000. At Solferino the Allies had 135,000, the Aus- trians 100,000. At Fredericksburg the Confederates had 70,000, the Federals 120,000. At Chancellorsville the Confederates had 62,000, the Federals 130,000. At Cliickamauga the Confed- erates had 71,000, the Federals 57,000. At Gettysburg the Con- 302 General Gordon's Address federates had 70,000, the Federals 93,000. (These statistics are taken from Colonel Henderson's '^Life of Stonewall Jackson.") At Shiloh, says my anthority, the Confederates had 40,000, the Federals 58,000. This doubtless refers to the second day's battle. Tennessee's contingent in this battle was twenty-eight regiments of infantry, six batteries of artillery and Forrest's cavalry regi- ment — more than twice the number of men from any other Con- federate State. In the foreign battles I have mentioned, the contending nations usually had their entire forces upon a single field, but not so with us. Otherwise we should have had, perhaps, 300,000 to 400,000 opposing 600,000 to 800,000 in a single battle. Great God! What an awful battle this would have been! Fortunately, the Creator has never endowed men with ability sufficient to wield such a force in the work of human carnage. Our armies were myriads, our battle-gTound a continent. And thus we begin to perceive the imposing magnitude of the American civil conflict. It has no duplicate in the vanished past, and may it hav<3 none in the coming future. Xaturally, a conflict of such dimensions, and between antagonists of similar force and fire, would de\'elop the sublimest examples of prowess and intrepidity, of fortitude and endurance, of courage and self-sacrifice. And so it did, in a remarkable degree. We need not go to the lands of Plato and Per- icles, of Cicero and Ca'sar, for exemplars and heroes, exponents and martyrs. We have them at home. They fell upon every field, from Bull Run to Appomattox. And the world has yet to witness in soldiers of the line, truer devotion to their flags, a higher degree of martial individuality and intelligent efficiency, than that displayed by the volunteer private soldiers in the Amer- ican armies from 1861 to 1865. In the absence of officers and in sudden emergencies, they were often leaders and commanders unto themselves. For the most part, the leadership in neither army was equal to its following. The really great Generals devel- oped by the war are outnumbered by the fingers of one hand, while great subordinates are counted by thousands. Both sides were deficient in leadership, but unsurpassed and matchless in their following. College and university graduates fought through 303 Indiana at Shiloh the war witli tlie rank of private soldiers, and since have attained positions of high civic distinction, having- become consuls and min- isters, judges and governors, congressmen and senators. What other nation has furnished literati and authors, philosophers and scientists, advocates and jurists, envoys and ambassadors, orators and law-givers, statesmen and civic rulers, from the private ranks of its disbanded armies? This is a distinction that belongs to our land. Is it any wonder, then, that we have a great country ? Is it any marvel that in many respects we are leading the world? In commerce and manufacturing, in mining and agriculture — indeed, in all of the mechanical and industrial arts that make a people prosperous, independent and powerful? Along these lines Ave are leading the mighty inarch of international progress. It has been said that, all in all, this young but vigorous and expanding empire is the greatest nation that marks the globe. If that be true, ought it not to be the best ? Virtue should be tlie attendant of great- ness, and justice the constant companion of powder. Mightier than Macedon in the days of her supremacy, more powerful than Rome when she ruled the world, irresistible as the conqueror that wore the mighty crowns of a dozen vanquished sovereigns and promised his bride the lands of thirty kings, this country ought to lead all others in the paths of peace, along the lines of arbitration, of wisdom, justice, and moderation. PoAver can afford to be just and can dare to do right. Finally, whatever may have been our internal dissensions and conflicts in the past, Ave now have but one Union and a common country, and it should be the effort of eA'ery patriot in the land to make that Union equal, just and permanent, and that country great, glorious and happy. Once more, Governor Durbin, accept for yourself and your people the cordial salutations of the GoA-ernor and people of Ten- nessee, as Ave again offer you the hand of unity, concord and fra- ternity. [The speaker again joined hands with GoA^ernor Durbin, amid prolonged applause.] The speech of General George W. Gordon Avas folloAved by a song, "The Star Spangled Banner." 304 Address of Senator Beveridge TRIBUTE OF SENATOR BEVERIDGE Senator Albert J. Beveridge, of Indiana, now delivered the fol- lowing beautiful tribute to those who i^aid the price for our Nation's immortality : Ladies and Gentlemen: Since all must die, how fortunate to die for an undying cause and under the approving eye of history. So fell those who fell on this field. For they gave their lives to save the life of the j^ation, and history recites no nobler story than the story of their sacrifice. They thus are the subject not only of our pride and love, but of our envy. For it is not given to us so to close the volume of our years ; and if it were, we dare not say that we would meet that opportunity as they met it. That the ground they stood and fought on may be marked and that our children may be worthy of the heroes sleeping here, Indiana builds these monuments. ISTot that she would rear warriors — for we pray for peace — but that she would have her sons develop souls so great that the giving of their lives for a worthy cause will be to them a welcome thing. And such were the souls of our fathers and brothers, who, on this field, on this spot, paid that price for our ISTation's immortal- ity. For their blood was shed to make of the American people a single ISTation, and not for any lesser purpose. Other results of our civil conflict were incident to that. And so they died no less for the people of the South than for the people of the ISTorth- — for the American people undivided, indivisible. Their martyrdom was to establish forever the brotherhood of the flag — a relation- ship so lofty that it can not see sections within the boundaries of the Republic. That purpose they accomplished. Devotion to the Nation is today the first principle of all Americans. In our recent war the proudest to wear the I^ation's uniform were the sons of those who on this field met in arms their J^orthern broth- ers; the first to die beneath the flag was a son of Carolina. And the giving of one's life is the highest proof of loyalty. Exhausted in arms, but by arms unconquered, the Southern people have (20) 305 Indiana at Shiloh yielded to a great and true idea. That idea is American nation- ality, i : I To me the thought of a people, a nation, a master nation de- voted to ideals, is so vast and fine that even the simplest words are not strong enough to state it. And that was the thought our heroes died for. And that ideal fought on for them. It is now the ideal of us all, men and women of l^orth and South alike. How little these words — Southern and ISTorthern! Let us for- get them. How much grander the single word, American ! Let us think of that, and only that. Let us who live be worthy of our dead. And let us who live be tolerant of the views of the heroes of the other side. Only the years can tell what elements of just opinion were confused and tangled in that cataclysmal conflict. Tor us it is enough — a fullness — to know that our central thought of nationality was true and that our brothers of the other side assert it now even as we ourselves assert it. Tolerance, then, and loving kindness, and charitable forgiveness on both sides ; and through all the land sweet reasonableness ! ISTothing but these are important ; for in these abides Truth, and Truth is the only sovereign. "War, at best, is awful. Yet this word can be said even for war — it reveals elemental and eternal things. In peace, men reckon action, plan and purpose from the central point of selfish interest. War comes, and the same men are conscious of a thing which can not be measured by yardstick, nor weighed in scales, nor listed in stock market ; and yet a thing for which they go to the grave as to a bride — glad, grand, masterful in a savage unselfishness. That wonderful thing which makes men welcome death is principle. In war's light they see it. Our heroes who sleep here saw it. God grant us their joy of seeing, without their agony of battle. Not that they found it hard to die — they did not — but horrible to slay. For the moment, at least, standing with their graves around us, we may measure the height of their outlook — the breadth of their thought. And, as we measure, how little, tran- sient, foolish seem men's plots for power, plans for place, schemes for self-aggrandizement ! How they dissolve into nothingness, 306 Address of Senator Beveridge and only the true, the beautiful and the good remain ! It is holy ground on which we stand. I speak for Indiana soldiers. Therefore I submit no statistics of comparative carnage. Whether more men were killed here, or there, in Ca?sar's conquests, or Napoleon's wars, or Alexander's battles, or on our own sad, red fields is not important. History shows that mankind in all ages and in all lands have been phys- ically courageous. The cause, the thought, the principle, the ideal for which they fought, is the real thing. That is what Indiana's soldiers think. That is how I interpret Indiana's mind. In the presence of our heroes dead, surrounded by heroes living, how dare I interpret their supreme sentiment otherwise ? For Indiana's veterans, in common with all the people of our State, believe that nothing is worth figliting for that is not worth dying for ; and that nothing is worth dying for but Truth. Such is our Indiana view of peace and war. For Indiana's people are neither rich nor poor, neither covetous, nor envious, nor cringing, nor brawlers, nor afraid. They are sturdy, gentle people, living sim- ply, eager for noble teaching; and knowing, when called on in righteousness, how to give battle and how to die. And in this we take no peculiar pride. We take pride only in that we share this view with all Americans. For we Indiana people are national above all else. I said I spoke for Indiana soldiers. But you who live and these who died were not Indiana soldiers — you and they were Union soldiers — the ISTation's soldiers — from Indiana. We have a State flag. Not many of Indiana's 2,500,000 people know what it is. But every one of Indiana's people know the Stars and Stripes. Every one of them would die for it. It is the Nation's flag — it is our flag, our only flag. Let it similarly be the only flag of everv State. Let others be forgotten. When thinking of the Nation let Carolina forget her Palmetto banner, dear though it be with memories, and remember only the banner of the Nation ! Let Texas forget her Lone Star ensign, sacred though it be with tradition, and remember only the flag of oiu- common country ! Let Massachusetts forget her Pine Tree device and remember only the colors of the Republic ! 307 Indiana at Shiloh States are invaluable for local government ; but mth this battle- field before us we can not see State lines- — our eyes are too full of tears. We forget that ever there were sections ; and, whether we mil or no, our very souls cry out two words — -jSTation!" — "American!" Yes, that is it! — the American Nation! We have found ourselves at last. And it is because our heroes died here that we have come to the consciousness of that fact — the Ameri- can people, a Nation, one, indivisible, everlasting. And you, and I, and all of us are parts of that Nation. That is enough. If those who rest here know that w^e have comprehended that thought — and they do know^ it- — they are glad. It is enough for any man to die for. How blessed of the Father, therefore, are we who may live for that thought! And we do not live worthily of it, if we do not consecrate our nation to righteousness. But how shall we tell what is righteous and what is unrighteous ? We believe differently, and, with all our souls, sincerely. To one it seems God's work to give order and law, and, by slow processes, so that they may see and understand, liberty and civilization to alien and inferior peoples. To another, such a course seems wrong. To one, a certain internal policy seems best ; to another, it appears indefensible. Honest opinion daily divides us on both principle and expediency. How shall we tell which is right ? Who is to decide ? Patience ! God will decide. No harsh words ! No denunciations ! Trust the common thought and conscience. Trust the people. "Vox populi, vox Dei." If, in the long run, that maxim is not true, republican government, democratic institutions, the rule of the people is a mistake. And the people's government is not a mistake. With this thought, then, we meet all problems, troubles, dan- gers, doubts, serene and brave. Conflict of capital and labor, for- eign wars, domestic broils, agitation and unrest, vexed questions and situations so grave that no key to them seems possible — all will yield to the master key made of the combined sense and con- science of the American people. To doors so solidly shut that opening appears hopeless, Time will fit and turn that master key. Time and the people — they will make all plain and right at last in this Republic of ours. Time and the people, and, over all, the 308 Address of Senator Beveridge Father — who can doubt our outcome, remembering them ? Who, remembering them, can cherish hate ? Who, remembering them, can be bigoted or despairing? "With malice toward none, with charity for all" — these are the best American words. Let us live up to them and be patient ! Let us live up to them and be hope- ful! Live up to them, and realize our brotherhood. Thus, and only thus, shall we be worthy of him who spoke them and of these fallen ones. On behalf of Indiana and of Indiana's Shiloh Monument Com- mission, I salute Indiana's soldiers, dead and living — all and every one, from private to commander; from him of name obscure to Wilder and Wallace, who still inspire us with their presence, and Hovey, Hackleman and Harrison, gone before. And in the name of Indiana soldiers — the jSTation's soldiers — voicing a fraternity as noble as their courage, I salute, too, their former foes in arms, but now their comrades — comrades in the comradeship of this new day which has dawned for the Republic. 809 Conclusion To the members of the Shiloh N'ational Park Commission, and especially to Colonel Cornelius Cadle, President, and Major W. D. Peed, Secretary and Historian, and Mr. Atwell Thompson, Engi- neer in Charge, the thanks of the Indiana Commission are due. These gentlemen granted the Commission many favors and ren- dered it valuable assistance in the performance of its work. There are other gentlemen to whom this Commission is in- debted for the many courtesies and favors received during the dedication of the Indiana monuments, and on many other occa- sions, among them W. W. Richardson, District Passenger Agent of the Pennsylvania Lines ; J. II. Milliken, District Passenger Agent of the Louisville and jSTashville Hallway Company, and Major J. H. Ashcraft and the officers of the St. Louis and Tennes- see Piver Packet Company. 310