^'iiS':';. * **^\ % ^ ♦'^ 9* dP'at* 11 !-.»""VV ^ ••Vjo' V-i^W-*^ 'o^*^V^%p' V'i^-y 'o.' ♦ #% <•-.*'••***<** V^'^V ^'-'f-i'^o*" v^^'^V t.-.^-V(>** v^^> V'^-\o** V™'<^ ;/ -o^-^W*/ V^V v^^*/ V^ \. o^^.tSJ^i^A >^\c^/ie. /.t^i;:i.'\ .^^':.- 4^^ ,/ V"^^\1J^ %.'^**%p^ ^«."^^\^^ %,' ^ "•^^^.c^ ♦ **^0* *^ Bennington and Caledonia. No. III. AprH, 1862. .o}~. V, It:. Cc VEEMOI^T. ::>.>. - A niSTOMCAL MAGAZINE, EMBRACma A DIGEST OF THE HISTORY OF EACH TOWN, ^ " She stands fair Freedom's chosen Home,. Our own beloved Green Mountain State." " "Where breathes no c.istled lord or cabined slave j Where thoughts, and hands, and tongues are free.' '•: B 1 T E D E Y ABBY MARIA HEMENWAY, C03IPILER OF " THE POETS AXD POETKY OF VEK3IOXT." Terms: One Dollar per Year. Clubs solicited. LUDLOW, YT. : * ■ AND SOLD BY AGENTS THROUGnOUT TUE STATE. Press of Geo. C. Hand Jt Avery, Eosfon. , ^^ -A. SERIES OE TO^V^ ECISTORIES, GROUPED IN COUNTIES, A Quarterly, which is a free Historical Channel for eFvery Town. Entered according to Act of Congress, ia tlie year 1S59, by Abuv Mauia Hemenwat, in the Clerk'a Oflice of the District Court of the District of Vermont. T E R INI S . Fifty Cents a Number; $1 a year; or Fourteen Numbers for 53— Invariably in Advance. Postage, three cents, paid at Office of Delivery. WjLNTED. — One or more Lady Assistants or Local Agents in each uncanvassed Town. The Agents have all been instructed to solicit through or. yearly subscriptions, ytt to as readily take quarterly ones, with the understanding tliat the subscribers arc to pay on delivery for each number of the work, till they may regularly discoutitiue the same. I\'o subscriptious should be paid to TraveUing Agents, unless they bear our CeitiHcate ot Ageucy. CLUB TERMS. — The field is open in every Town for Clucs, which may be sent direct to the Publisher. Terras — Everv Fourth >i'umbkr Fuke ; or for Four Wnr/i/, or equivalent, a copy of the "I'oets and I'oetry of Verm(jut," 12mo. 400 pp.; or Si.v I'liotographs of leading Vermont I'oets; or for the above list doubled. Twelve I'lates, or a I'lated and elegantly (jilt copy of the I'oets; or lor Four Yearly Subscriptions, a copy of the " Vermont School Journal," — a work devoted to a cause that ought to bring twice the patronage it has yet received; or Dr. C. H. Cleavlaud's ably conducted " MedicalJouriial,'' published at Cincinnati, O. HISTORICAL CONTENTS. No. 3. BENNINGTON — Concluded. Sketch of Jeremiah Evarts, by E. E. Tracy. AVinhall, '' . .0. Chamberlain, Esq. Woodlord, " . Stephen Gleasou. CocxTV Items. — Printing, County Agricult. Society and County Census Table, by Governor Hall. The Artificial Pond and Orvis Kocking Stone, &c. Ge>'ERAL Items. — Addison County Corrections, &c. Letter from the Chicago Historical Society, &c. CALEDONIA. County Chapter, by . . Kev. Thomas Goodwillie. Barnet, " .. IJev. Thomas Goodwillie. Burke, " A. Burington, Esq. Danville, " M. T. C. Alexander. Groton " Eev. O. G. Clark. Hardwick, " Kev. J. Torrey. Kirby, " C.H.Graves Lyndon, " .....<.. Hon. G.C. Gaboon. No. 4. CALEDONIA COUNT Y- - Concluded. Lyndon — Concluded, . . by Hon. G. C. Cahoon Newark, '' . I'eacliam, " . Ilyegate, •' . St. johnsbury, " . Shellield, " . Sutton " , Walden, '• . AVaterford, " . Wheelock, " . Goshen Gore, ...■• " . L. M. Sleeper. Kev. A. lioutelle. Kev. James 31. Beattie. . Edward T. Fairbanks. A. S. Lamb. . . John Ueckwith, Ksn. Hon James liell. T. A. Cutler. Hon. T. J.Cree. County Chapter, Bolton, Burlington, .... CHITTENDEN. by Hon. D. Keed. " G. W. Kenedy, Esq. . .' • • Historical Contributions for Chittenden County. Received from Henry Stevens, Esq., G. Sawver. Esq , Rev. Mr. Flemming, Rev. Dr. Witherspoon, Kev. Joslnia Young, .F. N. Pomeroy, Esq.. Professor N. G. Clark, James Johns, Dr. Ceorge L. Lyman. Hon. David Reed, Henry .'^liller, Esq., Rev. William Hough, Hector Adams, Esq., Congregational Pastor of Milton, H. Law- rence, Esq., G. H. Naramore, Esq., Hon. Rev. J. H. "Woodward, and E. Bostwick's History of Uinesburg, compiled by Rev. 3Ir. Ferrin. Other contributions of value promised by Rev. Dr. John Hix, l{ev. Dr. Foster, Rev. .Mr. Converse, Professors Torrey, Henedict, and Buckham; Sketch of Hon. llemen Allen, by Professor George Allen, of Philadelphia, Shelburne and Richmond Histories, by G. T. Sutton, A. B., and S. U. Davis, Esq., respectively. F XJ B Xj I S li E n' S C-A.XIID- Thfre are no class of citizens", perhaps, as well circumstanced to render ready and efficient aid in the distiibution of this work, especially to quarterly subscribers, as the postmasters of the State; and with much pleaiurc we embrace this occasion to return our most hand.'^ome and courteous thanks to each and all -who have thus rendeied most essential service: and would particular) v thank, as the most obliging and e/ficifiit, E. S. masters of Westminster, Orwell, and Arlington. Not of the postmasters, but among our practical Iricnds. not lieretolbie mentioned, nun who give a hand to the circulatiim, we gratefully lecord Charles Allen, Esq., Biir- lin"-ton: Joshua Lclaiid. Ihiltimnre; Benoni Buck, Esq., Ludlow; and .Mr. Weaver, meichant at \\ inooskie Fafis. Others will be iluly remembered in the patronage table continued in ne.xt number, in whidi we propose to give an especial "star-table" to lady live assistant and patrons — terms to admis.>-ion to which will be twelve yearly subscribers, or the equiveleiit. The income of this publication, thus far, has been barely enough to pav its printing cxpcn-ses. The editorial labor and expense bestowed upon it has never been even partially remunerated. Its completeness and forwardness will, in a great measure, depend upon the continued exer- tions of its practical friends. It is, therefore, most respectfully solicited of every subscriber to endeavor — and unto success — to add one or more to the present list, by calling the attention to it of each person known in their vicinity to have a taste for history or biograpliy, a veneration for the memories and mementoes ot our lis CUMUlMUll IUIU^|JU11U cwlumiiT i.\f Ji.- ......i.-, ...v... .... ...v.v. .,..,. M..,.u,iwi, ...> ..", j -. number of the Gazettker will be published in April, and drawn from the press as soon as tlic suDscnptiona of its patrons cancels the printing bill. The plate of Governor Fairbanks will appear in No. 4. VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. i~' CALEDONIA COUNTY. COUNTY CHAPTER. BY KEV. THOMAS GOODWILLIE, OF BARXET. Peevious to the American Eeyolution, that part of the country now known as "Vermont " was called " The New Hampsliire Grants," and was claimed by New Hampshire and New York. The General Assembly of New York divided it into four counties, viz : Bennington and Charlotte on the west, and Cumberland and Gloucester on the east side of the Green Mountains. Gloucester County was organized March 16, 1770, containing " all that certain tract or district of land situate, ly- ing and being to the northward of the county of Cumberland, beginning at the northwest corner of the said county of Cumberland, and thence running north as the needle points fifty miles, thence east to Connecticut Kiver; thence along the west bank of the same river, as it runs, to the northeast corner of said county of Cumberland, on said river, and thence along the north bound of said county of Cumberland to the place of beginning." On the 24th of March, 1772, by an act " for the better ascer- taining the boundaries of the counties of Cumber- land and Gloucester," these limits were changed and Gloucester County was bounded •' on the south by the north bounds of the County of Cumberland ; on the east by the east bounds (Connecticut River) of this colony (New York); on the north by the north bounds thereof (Canada) ; on the west and northwest partly by a line to be drawn from the northwest cor- ner of the said County of Cumberland on a course north, ten degrees east, until such line shall meet with and be intersected by another line proceeding on an east course from the south bank of the mouth of Ot- ter Creek, and partly by another line to be drawn and continued I'rom the said last-mentioned point of in- tersection, on a course north, fifty degrees east, until it meets with and terminates at the said north bounds of the Colony." Newbury was fixed as the shire town of Glou- cester County. In a large map of the British province of New Hampshire (now before the writer), made by Blanchard and Langdon, and insciibed to the British " secretary of war and one of his majesty's privy council," October 21, 1761, the whole of Vermont is laid down as a part of that province. At that time none of the towns in this county were chartered, but many of the towns which were surveyed and chartered in 1762 and 1763 were laid down on this map with pen and ink. Only three towns in this county are so laid down, Barnet, Ryegate, and Peacham ; the latter town being located west of Eyegate, which shows that Groton, which was charterted by Vermont, was sur\'eyed long before Vermont became a State. In a large map of New York (now before the writer), constructed by order of Gen. Tryon, governor of that province, January 1, 1779, from sun'eys pre- viously made, the whole of Vermont is laid down as a part of New York. On this map Cumber- land County is bounded on the north by Canada and on the east by Connecticut River, separating it from New Hampshire, and on the other sides by a line beginning at the Connecticut River in Nonvich, and running a little north of west to the Green Mountains, to a point probably in the town of Ripton ; thence running northerly along the mountains to a point near Onion River, prob- ably in the town of Duxbury ; thence running northeast to Canada line, which it joins in Der- by, a few miles east of Lake Memphremagog. The whole of this district is represented on this map as sm-veyed into townships, except some parts on the northwest. Within the present limits of Caledonia County the towns of Barnet, Ryegate, Peacham, and Gro- ton are laid down nearly according to the New Hampshire surveys. The most of the other parts of the county are surveyed into townships, which in number, form, and location are altogether differ- ent from the other tovrats now in this county. On the Connecticut River, above Barnet, was a large township called "Dunmore," including the whole of Waterford and a considerable part of St. Johnsbury and Concord. Along the Bar- net line a narrow tract of land was laid down, in- cluding parts of Waterford and St. Johnsbury, and which was inscribed "Lt. Cargills." North of Dunmore, on the Passumpsic River, was " Besborough," including the south part of Lyn- don and the north part of St. Johnsbury. On the head branches of the Passumpsic was a large tract, includingBurkeand adjacent parts,in which was inscribed " Thomas Clark & Co." North of Peacham was "Hillsborough," embracing Dan- ville and parts of Walden and Hardwick. These are aU the towns in this county laid down on the New York map of 1779. 261 262 VERMONT HISTORICAL iLVGAZINE. The Xew Vork prant3 were abolished when Vermont became independent, and the prantees received a [loition of the S30,000 which was <;ivcn to New York, 1790, to quitclaim Vermont. Thomas Clark's share was S237 05, and John Gaibraith's S99 81. In 1777, the General Convention of Vermont declared "The New Hampshire Grants "indepen- dent, and adopted a constitution for the State. In February, 1779, the Ic^'islature of Vermont, in face of the opposition of New York, divided the State into two counties, and each county into two shires, viz : Bennington on the west, and Cumberland County on the east side of the Green Mountains. Cumberland County was divided into the shires of Westminster and Newbury. In 1781, the legislature divided Cumberland into tliree counties, viz : Windham, Windsor, and Orange. Newbury was the shire town of the County of Orange, which embraced the north- eastern part of the State to the Canada line. November 5, 1792, Caledonia County was incor- porated from Orange County, including all that part of the State north of that county, and extending so far west as to include Montpelier and adjacent towns. But this county was not fully organized till Novembers, 1796, when Dan- ville was made the shire town. The whole State was divided into eleven counties in 1811, when the counties of Orleans and Essex were in- corporated from Caledonia County. Four towns from this county were incorporated with Washington County in 1811, to which Woodbury was annexed in 1836 and Cabot in 1855. Caledonia County consists at the present time of sixteen towns. In 1856 the county seat was removed from Danville to St. Johnsbmy, where new county buildings were erected. The court-house is a large, elegant, and commodious edifice. The lands, therefore, in this part of the country were first of all in Gloucester County, New York ; then in the shire of Newbury and County of Cumberland, Vermont; afterwards in Orange County, Vermont ; and now in Caledonia Coun- ty, Vermont. The county is bounded on the north by Orleans County ; on the east by Essex County ; on the southeast by Connecticut River, which separates it from Grafton County, N. H.; on the south by Orange County ; and on the west by Washington and Lamoille counties. It lies between N. lat. 44° 10' and N. lat. 44° 45', and immediately north of a line which if drawn east and west would divide the State into two equal parts. Its length from north to south is about forty miles, and its breadth from east to west about thirty. It contains about 700 square miles, with a popula- tion of 21,768, which gives 31 inhabitants tea square mile. There are many flourishing villages situated in different parts of the county, containing fine churches. It is well watered by many streams. The Con- necticut River runs on the southeast side. The northern towns are watered by the head branchea of the Passumpsic River, which is the larirest in the county, and rans south and empties into the Connecticut River in Barnct. Wells, Stevens, and Joes rivers water it on the south, and the head branches of Onion and Lamoille rivers on tho west. There are about twenty lakes and ponds in the county ; the chief of which are Harvey's Lake in Bamet, Wells River and Lund's Ponds in Groton, Cole's Pond in Walden, Clark's and Centre Ponds in Newark, and Stile's Pond in Waterford. Fish of various kinds abound in most of the ponds and rivers. There are flills at dift'erent places otj the Connecticut, Passumpsic, Wells, and Joes's rivers. Stevens's river, near its month, falls 80 feet in the distance of 20 rods. The water-power is improved by mills and facto- ries built at the falls and other places on the streams. The western part of the county is mountain- ous ; but though the towns in that part are on high lands, they admit of successful cultivation. The eastern part is an excellent farming country. The intervales on the Connecticut and Passump- sic rivers are easily cultivated. From the tops of the mountains in difierent parts of the county extensive prospects may be obtained, and in some sites grand views of the "White Hills of New Hampshire and of the Green Mountains of Ver- mont may be enjoyed. A mountain in Burke, whose height is 3,500 feet, is probably the highest in the county. It is not certainly known at what time this part of the country was discovered by Europeans. It has been known to the New England settlers for more than a century. Prior to this period the Indians owned and occupied the soil, covered with the forest. The wilderness was the home and inheritance of these wild men of the woods. Here, they camped in its valleys, hunted on its mountains, and fished in its waters, over which they glided swiftly in their light canoes ; and hence, they went forth to war, fighting with sav- age cunning and cruelty the foreigners who came over the great waters from the east, to dwell iu their domains, converting the forests into fruitful fields. When it first became known to Europeans the St. Francis tribe of Indians roamed over this part of the country. They had an encampment at Newbuiy and cultivated " the meadows " on the Great Ox Bow. But their prinripal settle- ment was in Canada. St. Francis, a village on the south side of the River St. Lawrence, not far from the Three Rivers, was their head-(iuarters. The French employed them in their wars against the English colonies. With their acquaintance with the country and their deadly hatred of the Eng- lish, they were formidable enemies. From none of the Indian tribes had the provinces of New Hampshire and Massachusetts suffered so much. They made their incursions along the River St. COUNTY CHAPTER. 263 Francis and Lake IMcmphremagog, and thence down the Passumpsic and Connecticut rivers. This was their highway retui-ning from the slaughter of the English, with their scalps, pris- oners, and plunder. They were much distin- guished by the slaughter and destruction spread among the advanced settlements, the enormity of their cruelties and barbarities, and the number of their scalps and captives. lu the spring of 1752 a party of ten of these Indians surprised a party of four New England settlers wliile hunting on Baker's River in Rum- ney, N. H. One fled, one was killed, and the other two were taken prisoners and carried captive into Canada, to their head-quarters at St. Fran- cis. One of these captives was John Stark, after- wards the famous General Stark, who must have been one of the first of Europeans to behold this part of the country. One of his daughters lived and died in Ryegate, and some of her descendants now reside in Ryegate and Barnet. These two men returned from their captivity in Canada in the summer of 1 752, and gave an account of the country through which they had passed. No doubt later and fuller information of tliis part of the country was given by Major Rogers and his rangers upon their return in 1759, by the Passumpsic River and the Coos " Meadows," from their successful expedition against the St. Francis Indians in Canada. But the sad fate of many of these brave yet unfoitunate men, which took place in our county, gives a melancholy in- terest to the early history of this part of the county. General Amherst being at Crown Point on Lake Champlain, caiTyingon the war against the French colonies in 1759, determined to make these Indians, who continued to disturb and dis- tress the frontiers, feel the power of the English colonies. For this purpose, on September 13, 1759, the very day that the English took Que- bec, he appointed Major Rogers, a brave and ex- perienced officer from New Hampshire, who had become famous for the number, boldness, and success of his enterprises, to conduct an expedi- tion against this barbarous tribe, carrying the hoiTors of war unexpectedly into their head-quar- ters in Canada. The night after the orders were given he set out with two hundred men in boats and proceeded down Lake Champlain, On the fifth day after they left Crown Point, while en- camped on the eastern shore of the lake, a keg of gunpowder accidentally exploded, wounding a cap- tain of the royal regiment and several men, who were sent back to Cro\vn Point, with a party to conduct them. This reduced Rogers's force to one hundred and fortj'-two men, with whom he proceeded to Missisco Bay, as ordered. Here he concealed his boats among some bushes which hung over one of the streams, and left in them provisions sufficient to carry them back to Crown Point. According to orders Le left the lake and ad- vanced into the wilderness towards St. Francis village, having left two men to watch the boats and provisions, with orders that if the enemy dis- covered them, they were to pursue the p.irty with expedition and give him intelligence. The sec- ond evening after he left the bay these two men overtook the party and informed him that four hundred French and Indians had discovered the boats and sent them away with fifty men, while the rest of the party went in pursuit of the Eng- lish. Rogers kept this intelligence to himself, but sent away the two rangers with a lieutenant and eight men to Crown Point, to inform Gen, Amherst of what had taken place and request him to send provisions to Coos on Connecticut River, by which route he intended to return, Rogers, in order to outmarch his enemies if they pursued him, pushed forward towards St. Francis with all possible expedition. He came in sight of the village on the 4th of October at 8 o'clock in the evening. Ordering his men to halt and refresh themselves, he dressed himself in the In- dian garb and took with him two Indians, who understood the language of the St. Francis tribe, and went to reconnoitre the town. He found the Indians engaged in a grand dance, without the least apprehension of danger. He returned to his men at 2 o'clock in the morning and marched them to a distance of about five hundred yards from the town. About 4 o'clock the Indians finished their dance and retired to rest. Rogers waited till they were asleep, and at break of day he posted his men in the most favorable situation and commenced a general assault. The Indians were completely surprised and soon subdued. Some of them were killed in their houses, and of those who attempted to fly, many were shot or knocked on the head by the rangers, who were placed at the avenues. Amherst ordered Rogers and liis men " to take their revenge on the Indian scoundrels " for their " barbarities and infamous cruelties," but he ordered also that " no women or children be killed or hurt, though these A-illains have dastardly and promiscuously mur- dered the women and children of all orders." But the Indian method of slaughter and destmc- tion was adopted on this occasion ; and wherever Indians were found, their men, women, and chil- dren were slain without distinction and without mercy. As the morning light increased the fierce wrath of the rangers was inflamed to the highest degree when they saw the scalps of several hun- di-eds of their countrymen suspended on poles and waving in the air. Under this new force and irritation of their feelings and passions, they put forth their utmost exertions to avenge the blood of their friends and relations by utterly destroy- ing the village and all they could find of its in- habitants. The village contained three hundred Indians. Two hundred were killed on the spot and twenty taken prisoners. The town appeared to have been in a flourish- ing state. The houses were well furnished, and 2(U VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINT:. tho church was handsomely adomeil with plate. The whole village had been enriched hy the plun- der and scalps taken from tlie English. Two hundred guineas were found in money and a sil- ver image weighing ten pounds, besides a large quantity of wampum and clothing, and some pro- visions. Collecting the provisions and such arti- cles as they could easily transport, they set fire to the village and reduced it to ashes. At 7 o'clock in the morning the atiair was finished, which broke the pride and power of the St. Francis tribe of Intlians. Rogers then assembled his men and found that one was killed and six slightly wounded. Hax'ing refreshed his men for one hour, he immediately set out on his return, -with the addition of five English captives he had re- taken. To avoid his pursuers, he took a different route and marched up the St. Francis River, meaning to have his men collect and rendezvous at Coos on the Connecticut River. On their march they were harassed by the Indians, and tho enemy several times attacked them in tho rear. In these rencounters they lost seven of their men, till Rogers, favored by the dusk of the evening, formed an ambuscade upon his own track and fell upon the enemy when they least expected it ; by this stroke he put an end to further pur- suit and annoyance from their foes. For about ten days the detachment kept together till they had passed the eastern side of Lake Memphre- magog. Tiieir sufferings now began to be severe, not only from the excessive fatigues they had en- dured, but from hunger. Their provisions were expended and they were at a distance from any place of relief. Here Rogera divided his detachment into small companies, and having ordered them all to a,«semble at the mouth of the upper Amonusuck River, where he expected to find food, sent them on their march. After a journey of several days he and his party reached the appointed place of meeting, having come on the Passumpsic River, which they descended. In the mean time, by order of Gen. Amherst, Samuel Stevens and three others proceeded from Charlestown, N. H., up Connecticut River, with two canoes laden with provisions. They landed on Round Island, at the mouth of Passumpsic Hirer, where they encamped for the night; but hearing the report of guns in the morning, and supposing Indians were in the vicinity, they were so terrified that they reloaded their provisions and hastened back to Charlestown. Their fearful misapprehensions were soon fol- lowed by fatal consequences. Rogers and his men encamped the same night a few miles up the Passumpsic, the mouth of which river they reach- ■ ed about noon the next day, and discovered fire on Round Island. He made a raft and passed over to it, but to his surprise and disappointment discovered that no provisions had been left. His men were so disheartened by this discovery that a consid- erable number of them died before the next day. In these dismal circnmstanecs Rogers gave up the command and told his men to take care of themselves. Some were lost in the wooils and others died of famine, but Rogers and most of his party, after almost incredible hardships, arrived at Number Four, or Charlestown, N. II. Peter Lervcy, of Haverhill, N. H., who came to Barnet to live a short time before his death, which was about the year 1817, and whom the writer has seen, was one of Rogers's party and visited the scenes of their sufferings. He said that many of the rangers died on the Passumpsic River and on the meadow below on the Connec- ticut River. On this meadow and along the Pas- sumpsic for two or three miles from its mouth human bones have been found at different times and places. Some of those might have been the bones of Indians who had been buried in a sitting postm'C, but many others were found in a horizon- tal position ; and in one place the skeletons of two persons were discovered in the earth together. These probably were the remains of some of Rog- ers's men who perished in Barnet. Lervey also said that he and some others, in order to have a better chance to find game, left the Connecticut River and went through the woods and came upon "Wells River about two miles above its mouth. They killed a bear and some small game, so that none of his party perished. The following account, taken from Major Rog- ers's journals, gives many interesting particulars, though it seems to differ in a few unimportant points from the histories from which the preceding account is taken : — Maj. Rogers writes to Gen. Amherst, Novem- ber 5, 1759, " It is hardly possible to describe the gr-Icf and consternation of those of us who came to Cohasse Intervales. Upon our arrival there, after so many days' tedious march, over steep, rocky mountains, or through wet, dirty swamps, with the ten-ible attendants of fatigue and hunger, we found that here was no relief for us, where we had encouraged our^lves that we should find it, and have our distresses alleviated. Notwithstanding the ofticer I dispatched to the general, discharged liis trust with great expedition, and in nine days arrived at Cro^vn Point, which was one hundred miles through the wilderness ; and the general, without delay, sent Lieut. Stevens to Number Four, with orders to take pro^^sion3 up the river to the place I had appointed, and there wait so long as there was any hopes of my returning ; yet the officer that was sent, being an indolent fellow, tarried at the place but two days, when he re- turned, taking all the provisions wth him, about two hours before our arrival. Finding a fresh fire burning in his camp, I fired guns to bring him back, wliich guns he heard, but would not return, supposing we were the enemy. Our dis- tress on this occasion was truly inexpressible. Our spirits, greatly depressed by the htmger and fatigues we had already suffered, now almost en- tirely sank within us, seeing no resotirce left, nor THE POETS AND POETRY OF VERMONT. EDITED AKD PUBLISHED BY ABBT MAHIA HEISIENWAT. PRINTED BY GEO. A. TUTTLE & CO., RUTLAND, VT. " The Bargain " we copy from a beautiful volume entitled tlie Poets of Vermont. — New Yorh Independent. People cannot afford to read everything; hence the disposition to select works that relate to their own country, their own state, their own town, their own parish, their own family. The work before us is based on the same general principle. It was a happy thought to group together the poets of a State ; and we doubt whether any State of the Union has furnished more poetrj% in projjortion to its population, worthy of preservation, than Vermont. — American Baptist, New York Cihj. This is an exceedingly neat edition of poems by the Green Mountain State, embracing many sweet specimens of verse, and touching ujoon all themes, from lively to severe. — Glea- son's Pictorial Drawing Room Companion. A beautifully bound volume, and contains some of the finest poetical productions of the age. — Independence Gazette, Missouri. REVISED EDITION. POETS AND POETRY OF VERMONT. Edited by Abby Mahia Hemenway. Publishers, Boston : Brown, Taggard & Chase. Brattleboro : W. Felton. The poems embrace a great variety of topics, as well as of style and poetic merit While they are not all brilliant, there are very few which are not good, and we question whether it would not be difficult to produce a more acceptable volume from the poetic writings of the sons and daughters of any other State, and embracing as wide a range in the selection of authors. — Boston Journal. A new edition, revised and enlarged, of a book which had already been very cordially received by the press and the public. There is a great deal of excellent poetry in the five hundred and more pages ; quite as much as you will find in Griswold's " Poets and Poetry of America," and kindred compilations. The book will be a popular one in Vermont, of course, and deserves to be so eA'erywhere else. — Boston Times. The volume contains a large number of poems of varied merit, as they must be, coming from many writers ; and forms a collection of poetry to which any State might point with an honest pride. — Worcester Palladium. Vermont has, in fact, many " poets of the people," as the volume before us abundantly demonstrates. — Bangor Whig ^- Courier. The "Green Mountain State " need not be ashamed of her poetry, any more than of her patriotism. These poetical specimens are very creditable to their genius. — Providence Journal. The degree of talent presented shows that the cold regions of the North are nurseries of poetry. — Portsmouth Journal. The names of Drs. Spenser, Asa D. Smith, and Hopkins (Bishop), R. W. Griswold, George P. Marsh, and Walter Colton, are assurance enough that the land of mountain and rock has produced Arctic flowers worth transplanting. A likeness of J. G. Saxe accompa- nies the volume. — Church Mirror, Portland. If you are a Vermpnter, and want to send a handsome and appropriate present to " the old folks at home;" or if you are not a Vermonter, but have some .particular friend who is, you will be tempted, we think, to buy it. — The Lawrence American. The Vermont press has been as warm in encouragement as our generous neighbors ; but it is not well to select out from among home-friends, where many are equally worthy. The first edition of the Poets will be mailed, upon the reception of $1.00, to any part of the United States, or of the revised edition for $1.25. (3\ i%j (!) QUARTERLY GAZETTEER % ji^iue. This publication is to coasist of a series of fourteen Quarterlies, one to be devoted to each county, commencing with Addison, and the remainder following in alphabetical order. The whole is designed to embrace a comprehensive history of each town — civil, educational, religious, geological, and literary. The writers in the historical department will, we think, be found to be those at once the best qualified for this work, and the most acceptable to their respective towns and the general public. The biographical and specimen departments will be enriched by sketches of, and specimens from, such men as Ethan Allen, Thomas Chittenden, General Stark, Silas Wright, Governors Sladc, Hall, Fairbanks, ^e/^va^c WORKS IN PRESS OF J. MUNSELL, ALBAXT, X. T., FOR WHICH ORDERS ARE SOLICITED. THE NEW ENGLAND AND ANTIQUARIAN JOURNAL. PKICE $2 A TEAR. - his work, -which is a storeliouse of New England ily history, is issued quarterly in January, April, r and October, each number containing 96 pages, I and a full index to names is given in the last No. ach volume. Sixteen volumes have been corn- ed, containing biographical sketches, family pedi- s, early American history, and numerous portraits teel, which may be had at $2 a vol. in Nos. complete set, 16 vols, bound iu half morocco, $40. ERMONT GAZETTEER, Series of Town Histories, Grouped in Counties. TO BE ISSUED IN QUARTERLY NUMBERS. h number containing 100 pages in double columns, and a portrait on steel. 0. 1, Addison Co., portrait of Gov. Slade. 0. 2, Bennington Co., portrait of Gov. Hall. 0. 3, Bennington and Caledonia, portrait of Gov. ;ocks. 0. 4, Caledonia Co., portrait of Gov. Fairbanks. 0. 5, Chittenden Co., portrait of Gov. Van Ness, isex, Franklin, Grand Isle, and Lamoille Counties er Preparation. jrms, 50 cents a number, or $3 for 14 numbers, if . in advance. 4 numbers ready for delivery, 5th ress. NEW lORK TEACHER, cial Organ of State Teachers' Association and Department of Public Instruction, JAMES CRDIKSHANK, LL. D., EDITOR. iblished Monthly, 8°, pp. 40, $1 per annum, in mce. It is aimed to make the Teacher the expo- ; of enlightened views and improved methods; ixpression of the best culture in tlie state ; and a iful chronicle of educational news and educational ;ress. SUPPLEMENT 3T0RY OF ANCIENT WINDSOR, CONNECTICUT. BY HENRY R. STILES, M.^D. le History of Ancient Windsor being very nearly of print, the author proposes to issue a Supple- t, containing such additions and corrections as ! accrued since the work was issued in 1859, the i of which will not much exceed a dollar. Those ng the former work who may desire the Supple- t, will please . VERMONT QUARTERLY GAZETTEER ^ OR HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Tliis publication is to consist of a series of Quarterlies, devoted to each county, commencing with Addison, and the remainder following in alphabetical order. The whole is de.signed to embrace a comprehensive history of each town — civil, educational, religious, geological, literary and military. The writers in the historical department will, we think, b^ found to be those at once the host qualified for this work, and the most acceptable to their respective towns and the general public. The biographical and specimen departments will be enriched by sketches of, and specimens from, such men as Ethan Allen, Thomas Chittenden, Seth Warner, Silas Wright; Governors Robinson, Tichenor, Williams, Crafts, Slade, Hall, Mattocks, Fairbanks, Van Ness, Royce, Ilolbrook, &c. ; Senators Upham, Phelps, Douglas, Foote, &c. ; Hon. James Meacham, Hon. Rollin C. Mallory, Hon. Justin S. Morrell, M. Cs.; Bishops Hedding, Henshaw, and Hop- kins ; Stephen Olin, D. D. ; Dr. Edwin .James ; Rev. Drs. Spencer, Sheldon, Asa D. Smith, Cal- vin Pease, &c. ; Prof. J. Torrey ; Hon. Amos Dean, LL. D. ; Hiram Powers, George P. Marsh, Hon. William C. Bradley, Judge Noble, D. P. Thompson, Rev. S. R. Hall, Rev. P. H. White, George F. Houghton, Esq., Judge Kellogg, A. D. Hager, Esq., &c., &c. We improve this occasion to give notice that each town is expected to furni.sh its own chapter of history and biograpliic sketches; each church its own records, sketches of first pastor, ice. Chapters on the geology of each county will be prepared by our best geologists. Finally, we may be allowed to add, in order that this enterprise prove at once creditable and profitable to all concerned, we shall, of course, have to depend upon the active sympathy and hearty cooperation of every son and daughter of Vermont. THE POETS AND POETRY OF VERMONT. R,EVISE3D EDITION". EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY ABBY MARIA HEMENVVAY, LUDLOW, VT "The Bargain" we copy from a beanliful volume entitled the Poets of Vermont. — Nevj York Independ- eiie. People can not nflord to read every thing; hence the di«l><)tC-J-*OTOCi:5(M(Mctl i';».'s w c^ 00 w x^o^:I^ — ; c: -^c-ics o^ ■>3< ■* cc ci o 1- -^ -^'c-i o TO rfi-i c-i o ^ r? c:^ Lo o c^i ^ X c I- M i-i 1- -^ -^^ ON'Oi-lMrrJi O3I^Xr-ir-l1(N(M(MC-1C„001-IOCOCO-*0"«5i rm 1,289 1,24; 9G4i 90U 21 1,764 868 013 1,.388 881 895 1,41B 8 509 1,7.52 4M 1,^177 l,(iiN 1,001 910 1,41 856 2,00-2 ],1.38 2,647 9,51 1,388 10 47S 1,695 507 1,251 1,100 8)6 3,470 986 1,102 1,172 832 MAGNETIC VARIATION. The magnetic variation observed by Gen. Whitelaw on the north line of Vermont, 20 miles west of the Connecticut River in 1785, was 7° and 40' west ; and by Dr. Williams, at the northeast corner of the State, in 1806, it was 9' west. At the present time it is very nearly 10° west in this county. BAENET. 271 Meteorological Tables for the years 1858, 1859, and 1860, deduced from the daily Meteor- ological Observations taken with standard in- struments, at St. Johnsbury, Vt., in N. lat. 44° 25/ and W. Ion. 70°, and 540 feet above tide water. These observations were kindly fur- nished by Franklin Fairbanks, Esq., to make these tables, which, had I'oom in this work per- mitted, might have been extended, including some general obsen^ations on the clouds and winds. The thanks of the community are due to that gentleman for his diligence and care in taking these observations three times a day for years, making more than thirty daily observations to be recorded. He is one of more than five hun- dred regular meteorological obsei*vers in differ- ent parts of North America, taking daily obser- vations, morning, noon, and night, for the Smith- sonian Institution at Washington, to which their meteorological records are regularly returned. These observations, when properly discussed by that highly scientific institution, promise to pro- duce, in process of time, results greatly con- ducive to the interests of agriculture and com- merce. It is very desirable that the number of these observers were increased in all parts of the continent, and all the newspapers should publish monthly abstracts of their observations, as is done by the Caledonian, published at St. Johnsbury, and a few other papers in the country. BAEOMBTEK. IHEKMOMETEK Rain Gauge. i S a Is 1S5S. S a a og . S S II ^ 3 1-s < A< (^ H . 13 18 ,52 -'>7 1.61 4P"1 29.2!) 29.:U 29.2(i 29.«(l 28.K.S 34 4.5 35 59 21 2.51 May 29.47 29.44 29.49 29.97 •'K.99 46\n^>. 45 77 3,3 3.15 June 29.45 29.42 29.4'f 2V).(K 99 90 H074 ,59 90 40 4.36 July.. 29.45 •J^JM 29.4,5 29.44 29.11 58 73 00 «fi ,50 5.72 August . . . 29.4K 29.4(i 29.77 29.KI 29 12 5472 ,59 8-? 40 5.42 September 29.52 29.47 29.44 29.9(1 ■'S r.9 47 C6I52 87 96 4.5» October... 29. M 29.52 29.54 29.99 "8 8fl 38 ,51 49 70 '>?• 5.78 K'ovember 29.aK 29.2G 29.42 a>.H5 29 04 ■'fi,34 ■^fi 4-8 -'>. 2.15 December 29.6'/ 29.52 29.53 30.14 28.73 1020 15 36 38 73 -25 17 2.19 29.45 29.40 29.47 29.87 28.83 32 47 40.22 1859. January . . February. March April May June July August . . . September October... November December 29.' 29.. 29.; 29.i 29.49 29.. 29.; 29.. 29.J 29.53 30.05 29.78 29.97 29.73 29.84 29. 29.88 29.7 29.8 29.92 30.09 30.20 28.83 29.4029.42 29.4529.9029.84 3148 36 68 19 32.07 104 2.77 1.57 4.91 2.42 1.78 3.23 1.21 1.78 3.59 1.59 3.84 3.38 1S60. January . . February.. March . . . April May June July August... September October... November December .46 29.. .44 29.' ,23 29.! 35|29.' 36129.; 29.36l29.,37l29.37 29.80 28.79 .. 51 29.95 28.88 30.05 28.65 29.77 28. __ 29.9G 28.93 29.76 29.49 29.62 29.67 29.92 29.97 29.87 29.62 29.10 28.90 28.73 28.60 In the year 1859 rain fell on 95 different days. " " snow " 83 " " " " total fall of snow, 104 inches " " rain and melted snow, 32.7 in In order to obtain information of the early his toiy of Caledonia Cotmty, the writer has exam- ined the public records of all the towns first set tied, and made diligent search for private letters papers, and journals ; and lie has succeeded be yond expectation, having had the privilege of examining very many early written and highly interesting and important documents, which be- longed to Gen. Whitelaw, Col. Harvey, Eev. D. Goodwillie, Enos Stevens, Esq., and others. He is indebted to Walter Hai-vey, Esq., of Barnet, for the letters, papers, charts, and journal of his father, Col. Harvey; to the daughter of Gen. Whitelaw, Mrs. Abigail Henderson of Eyegate, for the general's correspondence with his father in Scotland, Dr. Witherspoon, and Eev. Thomas Clark, and other clergymen who preached in the county at an early period, and for the sketch of her father's life vsaitten by herself; and to the general's grandson, W. T. Whitelaw, Esq. of Eyegate, for the use of his grandfather's journal, papers, deeds, charts, and business correspond- ence, which consists of thousands of letters and several folio volumes of answers to correspond- ents. One of the deeds is from Dr. Witherspoon, and is beautifully written on a large sheet of parchment. Barnet, Vt., Jan. 1, 1861. BARNET. BY KBV. THOMAS GOODWILLIE. Barnet lies on the Connecticut Eiver, at the bend where the river, coming from the northeast, turns and rans south. It is opposite Monroe (formerly Lyman), Grafton Co., N. H., in JST. lat. 44° 18'' and E. Ion. 4° 55' and is 35 miles E. from Montpelier, 65 miles N. from Windsor, and 50 N. fi-om Dartmouth College at Hanover N. H. It is bounded N. E. by Waterford and St. Johnsbury; S. E. by Connecticut Eiver, which separates it from New Hampshire ; S. by Eye- gate ; and N. W. by Peacham and Danville. It contains 25,524 acres, and according to the cen- sus of 1860, 2,002 inhabitants, which gives 50 persons to the square mile. On the Connecticut and Passumpsic rivers are extensive intervales. The rest of the town is uneven and in some parts elevated. The town is well watered and the soil very productive. Harvey's lake in the southwest part of the town is nearly a mile and a half long and more than a half mile wide near the middle, and has a smface of more than three hundred acres. Boss's Pond, near the centre of the town, one third of a mile long and a quarter of a mile wide, covers about fifty acres. Moor's Pond, near the centre of the town, covers about twenty acres. All the 272 \TERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. streams of the town empty into the Connecticut. A stream from Ryegate enters Harvey's Lake at the south end, and Stevens's River issues from the north end of the hike, runs in a southeasterly di- rection and empties into Connecticut River about two and half miles from the southeast comer of the town. About one hundred and fifty rods from its mouth it falls eighty feet in twenty rods, and presents a grand view when the waters are high. A stream from Peacham enters it near the lake and another considerable stream from the same town enters it about four miles from its mouth. A small stream issues out of Ross's Pond and runs through Moor's Pond and enters the Connecticut a quarter of a mile below the Pas- Bumpsic. Joes River issues from Joes Pond in Danville, and nins in a southeasterly direction through the town and enters the Passumpsic about a mile and a half from its mouth. It is the largest stream in Barnet except the Pas- sumpsic, and is also called Merrit's River, because John Merrit owned land near its mouth. Enerick Brook, coming from Danville, enters the Passumpsic about a mile above the mouth of Joes River. The Passumpsic, the longest and largest river in the county, comes from St. Johnsbuiy through a comer of Waterford, and enters the town on the northeast part, and gradually turns and runs south and empties into the Connecticut River about two miles and a half from the northeast corner of the town. Major Rogers and his rangers came down tliis river from Canada in his expedition to pun- ish the St. Francis tribe of Indians in October, 1759, and being disappointed in not receiving provisions when they came to the Connecticut River, a number of them died of starvation and fatigue, as related in the preceding history of the county. Thompson's Gazetteer of Vermont, edition of 1824, says, " Maj. Rogers, with one hundred and fifty-six men, came to the mouth of the Passump- sic, discovered fire on the round island, made a raft and passed over to it, but, to their surprise and mortification, found no provisions had been left. The men, already reduced to a state of star- vation, were so disheartened at this discovery that tliii-ty-six of them died before the next day. An Indian was cut to pieces and divided among the survivors. David Woods, who has recently lived in this town, was one of Rogers's sergeants, and stated the above account to be correct." This account is incorrect in some important particu- lars. Rogers's joumal and the histories of the expedition show that the soldiers and prisoners, all told, did not amount to that number, besides all the sui-vivors were not then and there present, and that it is highly improbable that so great a number as thirty-six died in eighteen hours. Peter Lervey, one of Rogers's men, who lived in t'lis town a short time before his death, about 1817, and who made no mention of the party eating human flesh, said that some of the men died on the Passumpsic before they ci'.me to its mouth, and others on the Connecticut River be- low its mouth. Human bones have been discov- ered in the meadows on the Passumpsic above its mouth and on the Connecticut above the Barnet depot. The story of David Woods, that " an In- dian was cut to pieces and divided among the sur- vivors " has been diligently investigated. Neither the histories of the time nor Rogers's journal mention such a circumstance, so repulsive to the refined feelings of civilized society. The story has been traced up to David Woods, who lived in an adjoining town, as the sole witness, and application has been made to living persons who knew "the man and his manner." One of these persons, who was for many years president of the Historical Society of Vermont, writes, " I have heard Woods say that he was with Rogers, and was one of his sergeants, and that they camped near the mouth of the Passumpsic, and that night snow fell several inches deep, and that a negro soldier died that night and was cut up in the morning and divided among the soldiers, and he had one hand for his share, on which, with a small trout, after being cooked, he made a very good breakfast. After breakfast, in going down the river they discovered fire on the round island opposite its mouth, and that Rogers and one man passed over to the island. Rogers became satis- fied that men had been there with provisions but had left. On his return to his men a consiiltar tion was had and each soldier was told to take care of himself." Another person wi-ites, " Joseph Woods told me, and I think he said his father told liim, that about the time the rangers expected to die of starvation, the men cast lots to see who should be lulled to furnish food so that they might not all die, and that one was killed and eaten." Another person has assured the writer that he heard David Woods say that he had " eaten a piece of an Indian." Now all these stories can be reconciled upon the improbable supposition that Rogers's party killed one living man, a soldier ; and ate three dead men, a white man, a negro, and an Indian. If Rogers and his men did these things, they had the hearts of hyenas, destitute of all good feelings and refined sentiments. Rather than attribute such honible deeds to them, it would be far more reasonable to believe that the criminal who could boast that ho " stood the pilloiy like agentleman," was not a man of honor and integrity. Whatever this one witness, and perhaps some few others hke him, may have done, it is safe to assert that there is no proof that Rogers and his men, as a party, killed or ate any man, white, black, or red. It is gratifying that this investigation has dispelled the cloud that has for so long time obscured, in some degree, the gloiy of the heroic Rogers and his brave men, who fearlessly Avcnt hundreds of miles through the woods into the enemy's country, perfoi-med exploits and endured the tortures of BAENET. 273 famine and fatigue to punish the hon-id barbarities long practised by the savages of Canada, and so save the families of the frontier settlements of New England from murder, plunder, and arson. A man by the name of Barnes lived in Barnet a short time, at an early period, who belonged to Rogers's party, and said that the silver image ■weighing ten pounds, which they took from the chapel in St. Francis, was hid on the way in a crevice of a rock, and covered with leaves. He said also that they took from the chapel two gold candlesticks, which they hid in the woods, under the root of a tree, near the Canada line, and that he went back after some years and searched for them, but could not find where he hid them. It is said that this part of his story was confirmed by a report in the newspaper, about 1816, that two gold candle- sticks, worth $1,000, were found in the woods in Hatiey, C. E., which lay in Rogers's way. The first Geological Report of Vermont says, that beds of shell marl are found in Barnet. The second report on that subject says, "Barnet lies on the Connecticut River, in the calcareo- mica slate region. A considerable range of clay slate is found near the river. A range of granite passes through the west part of the town. The soil in the Passumpsic and Connecticut valleys is alluvial and river deposit of good quality. In the westerly part the limestone is rapidly decom- posing and uniting with the drift and makes an excellent soil. The town, although considerably broken, has an excellent soil for grazing. Many valuable cattle and some horses are sent to mar- ket annually, and large quantities of excellent butter. Deposits of muck are numerous, and considerable quantities of marl are found in sev- eral places, from which a good quality of lime has been manufactured. The agricultural prod- ucts of the town are abundant and of a good quality, besides, many beef cattle and some horses and sheep are sent to market. The Scotch were early noted for making good butter." . Almost every farmer keeps a dairy, and some of them make more than a ton of butter in a season. It brings the highest price in the mar- ket. One who has travelled extensively in Europe and America, thinks that the butter made in this part of our country is the best in the world. For many years after the settlement of the town by the Scotch, they manufactured large quantities of oatmeal, which is a healthy and nutritive kind of food. Dr. Johnson, who had a powerful prejudice against the Scotch, defined oatmeal as the food of men in Scotland and of horses in England. Upon which a Scotch nobleman exclaimed, " Where will he find such men and such horses 1 " Oatmeal was highly serviceable to the first settlers, and was fur- nished to the surrounding towns to the Canada line and even beyond it. In one of the years of scarcity of provisions, a man from a distant town came to Barnet, and having obtained a sufiicient supply of oatmeal for his famishing family, ex- pressed his gladness and gratitude by exclaiming, " Blessed be the Scotch, for they invented oat- meal ! " It was the first town settled and the second chartered in the country; Ryegate, lying on the Connecticut River, south of it, receiving its char- ter but eight days before. The charter is dated September 16, 1763, and was granted under the British crown by Benning Wentworth gover- nor of the province of New Hampsliire. It is in the common form of the New Hampshire char- ters. It calls the town "Barnet," which it de- scribes and bounds as follows, viz : — "Beginning at the northwesterly corner of Eye- gate, thence south sixty-eight degrees east by Ryegate to the southeasterly corner thereof, being a tree stand- ing on the banks of the westerly side of Connec- ticut Kiver, thence up said river as that tends so far as to make six miles on a straig-ht line, thence turn- ing off and running north twenty-eight degrees west so far that a straight line drawn from that period to the northwesterly corner of Ryegate, the bounds be- gun at, shall include the contents of six miles square or 23,040 acres and no more, out of which an allow- ance is to be made for highways and unimprovable lands by rocks, ponds, mountains, and rivers, one thousand and forty acres free, according to the plan and survey thereof made by our said governor's order and returned to the secretary's ofBce and hereto an- nexed." The' plan delineated in the charter gives three sides of the town. The line on Ryegate is marked six and one fourth miles. The length of the northeast line is not given. The Connec- ticut River is delineated as the southeast side. A part of the Passumpsic is sketched on which the word " falls " is vnitten, not far from its mouth. But the town is actually larger than described in the charter, which limits it to 36 square miles. As surveyed and returned to the State office of Vermont, it contains 25,524 acres, which is al- most 40 square miles. The south line along Ryegate is 6 and one half miles, being a quarter of a mile more than is mentioned in the charter. The distance from tho southeast to the northeast corner, in a straight line (through New Hampshire), is more than 6 miles, the length prescribed in the charter. The northeast line, along "Waterford and St. Johns- bury, is 5 miles and 52 rods, and the northwest line, along Peacham and Danville, is 10 miles and 228 rods. By the charter, the town is incor- porated, and its inhabitants enfranchised j and so soon as there were fifty families settled in town it should have the privilege of holding two fairs annually, and a market opened and held one or more days each week. The first meeting for the choice of town officers was to be held on the fir-st Tuesday of Oct., 1764, and to be notified by Simeon Stevens, who was appointed its mod- erator, and that the annual meeting thereafter should be always held in March. The grant of lands to the proprietors was on the following 274 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. conditions, ^^z : that every grantee should culti- vate five acres of land \\'ithin the terra of five years for every fifty acres of land owned, and to continue afterwards additional cultivation on penalty of forfeiture ; that all pine trees fit for masts should be presented for the royal navy ; that before the division of the town a lot near the centre of the town should be divided into acres, one of wliich should belong to each grantee, and that each grantee should pay to the governor and his successor, one car of Indian corn annually, for ten years, if demanded, and af- ter that period one shilling, proclamation money, for every 100 acres owned, to be paid annually, forever. The town was to be divided equallj' into seventy-three shares. A lot of 500 acres was laid oft" on the Connecticut River, in the northeast corner of the town as " the governor's lot," which was to be two shares ; and one share for the society propagating the gospel in foreign paits ; one share for a glebe for the Church of England ; one share for the first settled minister, and one share for schools, were granted forever. Sixty-seven grantees are named in the charter, which is signed by Benning "Wentworth, gov- ernor and commander, and attested by T. Atkin- son, Jr., Secretary. The American Revolution swept away the conditions of the charter, but the United States government confirmed all such grants. It is not known when the town was organized, and the first meeting was held according to the charter. In Willard Stevens's collection of documents, were foimd some loose papers, worn and torn, containing some brief minutes of town meetings held during the revolutionaiy war. The following is a summary of these minutes, which are in the handwriting of Stevens Rider : " Sept. 8, 1778. Alexander Harvey chosen Repre- sentative to the General Assembly, and entrusted ■with the votes (for Governor, Lieut. Governor, aud Councillors) and all powers necessary, agreeable to the Constitution." Signed " Stevens Kider, T. Clerk." "Dec. 3, 1779. The town took into con- sideration the voles, and chose Thomas Smith constable to collect what was demanded of the town: voted Walter Brock and Peter Lang to settle the wages of the boys that were hired for this town, and they brought in that they should have eight bushels of wheat a month." " March 13, 1781. Chose Jacob Hall, moderator; Stevens Rider, town clerk; Alexander Harvey, justice of the peace for this town ; Teter Lang, John Waddell, Walter Brock, select men." Other toA\Ti oificers were chosen, but the mice have gnawed off a part of the paper. " Voted that every man work six days on said road, or pay a fine of one dollar for every day he is missing without sufficient reason." '• Voted, if any man let his hogs run out so as to hurt any of his neighbor's interest, the owner of the hogs should make it good to his neighbor." " May 14, 1781. Voted to raise two able-bodied men to guard the frontiers of this place and others, according to the orders Col. Johnston sent, in part of five men Ave had to raise according to orders that came to this town Voted a committee to raise one man for this town, as reasonably as they can, and tlie town agrees to it, by avote of this meeting, for guarding the frontiers." "Voted Jacob Hall, James Gilchrist, and Peter Lang, a committee to write letters to Col. Beedel aud Col. Johnston." " Voted Jacob Hall, captain; Daniel Hall, lieutenant." Then follows a list of the men who have no guns, 15 in number. " Sept. 8, 1781. Took into consideration a (despatch from) Major Childs. Voted, the major part, not to do any thing as to the last year's provisions — not to raise any at all." " Voted to raise 750 weight as to this year, to turn to the store for troops at Peacham." " Voted James Cross and Walter Brock a committee to speak to Major Childs concerning the provisions." " Voted Jacob Hall, Mr. Stuart, Mr. Gilchrist, and Peter Lang, to write a letter to Major Childs con- cerning getting last year's provisions. Chose two assessors; chose Mr. Harvey for a representative." " Oct. 2, 1781. Chose Walter Brock a lister, with James Cross, chosen a lister before, and likewise carried in to the listers their ratable estate." At a meeting having no date, Alexander Harvey was chosen a representative to the General Assembly that sat at Charlcstown, N.H., Oct. II, 1781. These are certainly not the regular town records which the wiiter is assured Stevens Rider said, after the revolutionary war, were lost I The State records show that tOAvn meetings were regularly held to choose Col. Harvey a delegate to the three conventions of 1777, and a representative to the legislature, from its first meeting, March 12, 1778, till tho town meeting, March, 1783, which therefore was not the first town meeting at which the town was organized, as has been asserted in some his- tories of the town. The regular town records begin "March 18, 1783. At a meeting of the freemen of this town, legally warned at the house of Robert TwaddcU, made choice of the following gentlemen for one year : Alexander Harvey, president, £tnd Walter Brock, clerk ; James Gilchrist, Thomas Smith, Bartholomew Somers, selectmen ; James Orr and Stevens Rider, constables ; James Cross, treasm-er ; James Stuart and Peter Sylvester, listers ; John McLaren and Jacob Hall, col- lectors ; James Gilchrist, grand-juror ; Peter Lang, Robert Brock, tythingmen ; James Stuart, scaler of weights and raeasm-es ; Alexander Thompson, William Rider, Archibald Harvey, road surveyors ; Elijah Hall, George Garland, fence surveyors. John Shaw declined to be a selectman. Walter Brock, Town Clerk." TOWN CLERKS OF BARNET. Walter Brock - . - - 1783 to 1787 Walter Stuart - . . - 1787 to 1806 David Goodwillie - . - 1807 to 1827 John Shaw - . - 1827 to 1852 Austin 0. Hubbard - - - 1852 to 1855 .Jonathan D. Abbott - . - 1855 to 1859 Thomas Goodwillie - - - 1859 to 1861 BAENET, 275 But though the meeting held March 18, 1783, was not the fii-st town meeting at which the town was organized, as has been asserted, yet a list of all the freemen of the town seems to have been commenced the next year, and is recorded at the beginning of the first volume, as follows, viz : — •' Barnet, January 29, 1784. Now and formerly the persons mentioned took the freeman's oath : Peter Sylvester, Samuel Perie, James Cross, Alexander Thompson, Stevens Eider, Elijah Hall, Walter Brock, James Stuart, Samuel Stevens, John Merrit, James Orr, Daniel McFarlane, Jacob Hall, Barthol- omew Somers, James Gilchrist, Alexander Harvey, William Tice, Hugh Koss, John McFarlane, Robert Twaddell, William Stevenson, John McLaren, Ezekiel Manchester, Eobert Somers, John Waddell, Robert McFarlane, John Ross, Andrew Lackie, Archibald Harvey, Peter Lang, Cloud Stuart, Wal- ter Stuart, Daniel Hall, Thomas Smith, George Gar- land. Jan. 29, 1784. The following gentlemen took the freeman's oath in as far as it agrees with the word of God: John Waddell, Hugh Ross, John McFarlane, John McLaren, Ezekiel Manchester, Robert Somers, Andrew Lackie, Archibald Harvey, Cloud Stuart, Walter Stuart, George Garland. Barnet, March 11, 1785. The following persons took the freeman's oath : John Robertson, Wm. Robert- son, Moses Hall, Levi Hall, Robert Blair, James Buchanan, William Maxwell, Isaac Brown, Elijah Hall, Jr., Simon Perie. April 6, 1785. John Young- man, WUliam Warden, Hugh Gammell. August 27, 1785. Joseph Bonet. Sept. 5. John Mclndoe, John Hindman. 1787. John Gilkenson. May 1. John Goddard. Sept 4. 1788. Enos Stevens. March 11. John Rankins, William Gilflllan, Sen., John McNabb, James McLaren, Andrew Lang. Feb. 2, 1789. Alex- bander Mcllroy (Roy), Samuel Huston. March 10. Thomas Hazeltine, Phineas Aimes, Phineas Thurs- ton, Oliver Stevens, Ephraim Pierce, Moses Cross, Job Abbott, Levi Sylvester. 1790, Feb. 4. Aaron Wesson, Dr. Stevens, John Mitchell, John Stevens, Timothy Hazeltine, Cloud Somers, John Galbraith. Sept. 24. Joseph Hazeltine. Dec. 7. Thomas Gil- flllan, William Innes, John Waddell, Jr., and Wm. Lang." the first male child born in Barnet, and probably in the county. The Fowler family moved to Shipton, C.E. about 1810. The witer possesses documents signed by Jonathan Fowler, Sept. 3, 1791, and by Barnet Fowler, March 12, 1799. Daniel Hall's wife was the first person who died in town after its settlement. She was buried in the graveyard at Stevens Village. She was the mother of Dr. Abiathar Wright, who was a physician in the town. Jacob Hall had but one son, Moses, to whom he sold his farm, but they afterwards moved to Shipton, C. E. Daniel Hall moved to St. Johnsbury, thence to Lyndon, and thence to Burke, where he died, having been an early settler in four towns in this county. The town from the very first took an active part in the declaration of the independence of the State of Vermont, and the formation of its constitution and government. Alexander Har- vey represented the town in the three conventions in 1777, which declared the State independent, and formed a constitution, and organized a government. REPRESENTATIVES OP THE TOWN IN THE LEGISLATURE OF VERMONT. March 4, 1770, the first settlement in the town and county was made. The first settlers were Daniel, Jacob, and Elijah Hall, three brothers, and Jonathan Fowler. The first house in the town and county was built by the Halls at the foot of the Falls on Stevens Kiver, and on its north side. The three brothers, and probably Jonathan Fowler, received gratuitously from the proprietors 100 acres each to encourage them to settle the town. Daniel Hall's lot was the farm where Cloud and Robert Somers first set- tled. Jacob Hall's lot included the meadows north of Stevens River, and Elijah Hall's lot was north of Rider's Farm. Jonathan Fowler probably settled first on the north end of the Mclndoe Plain, and then in the S. W. part of the town, near Aaron and Peter "Wesson's house, in the Harvey tract. Sarah, daughter of Elijah Hall, was the first child bom in the town and county. She was married Dec. 27, 1787, to James McLaren, in the I7th year of her age. She was a member of the Associate Presbyterian Church of Barnet, and died at an advanced age. Barnet Fowler, son of Jonathan Fowler, was , Alexander Harvey James Cross Enos Stevens - Walter Brock - James McLaren John Barchop - David Goodwillie William Sti-obridge - Enos Stevens John Duncan - Adam Duncan - Alexander Gilchrist - Henry Oakes William Gilkerson Walter Harvey - Henry Stevens - Hugh Somers - Walter Harvey - William Gilkerson Cloud Harvey - William Shearer Hugh Somers - William Shearer Walter Haiwey - James Gilchrist - William Lackie - Walter Harvey - Lloyd Kimball - Obed S. Hatch - John Harvey Bartholomew Gilkerson Obed S. Hatch - James K. Eemick Robert Harvey - (No choice] 1778 1789 1795 1797 1801 1808 1812 1814 1817 1819 1824 1826 1830 1832 1837 1840 _ 1842 - 1845 - - 1849- 1853 - to 1788. to 1794. to 1796. to 1800. to 1803. 1804. 1805. 1806. 1807. to 1811. - 1813. to 1816. - 1818. to 1823. - 1825. - 1827. 1828. 1829. to 1831. to 1833. 1834. 1835. 1836. to 1839. - 1841. - 1843. 1844. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1850. 1851. 1852. 1854. 1855. 276 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Alexander Johnston - - - 1856 to 1857. Jonathan D. Abbott - - - 1858 to 1859. William Warden - - - 1860. First justices of tho peace appointed by tlie State were Walter Brock and James Gilchrist. Walter Hai-\-ey was a justice 36, Silas Harvey 33, AVilliam Shearer 29, Hugh Somers 23^ and James Gilchrist, Jr. 17 years. Enos and Willard Stevens, of Charlestown, N. H., " chief proprietors of the township of Bar- net, make a contract, July 11, 1770, with Col. John I-Iiird of Haverhill, N. H., to build at the falls on Stevens's River in Barnet, a sawmill the ensuing fall, if convenient, otherwise by the first of July, 1771, and a gristmill within six months after that time, both to be kept in good repair during five years, the dangers of war and the enemy excepted." The saw and gristmill irons were to be furnished on the spot by E. & W. Stevens, and Col. Hurd was to have for his en- couragement one hundred acres of land for a mill lot, bounded one hundred rods on Connec- ticut River, running back half a mile, and in- cluding the falls on Stevens's River. According to contract, the irons were furnished and Col. Hurd built the first mills in the town and coun- ty, and received for his reward a title to the mill- lot, on which he built a house and barn, and cleared twenty acres of land, and otherwise en- couraged the settlement of the town. But by consent of E. and W. Stevens, Elijah Hall had previously pitched on a part of said lot when he first settled the town, March 4, 1770, and had cleared a part of it and built a house on it. Eor his improvements Col. Hurd gave Elijah Hall $50, and E. and W. Stevens gave him one hun- dred acres in a different part of the town for his quitclaim. August 14, 1774, Col. Hurd sold the land and mills to Willard Stevens. Joseph Hutchins, of Haverhill, N. H., engaged by contract to come to Barnet and pitch a lot and begin to improve it, in the summer of 1770, but he did not receive a deed till 1780. Col. Hurd, who built the mills at the falls on Stev- ens's River, 1771, seems to have continued his residence in town some years. Thomas Smith receives a deed from Enos and Willard Stevens in 1775, and Stevens Rider was in town May 5, 1776, when Willard Stevens, one of the principal proprietors of the town, writes to him "several disappointments have prevented my not being in Barnet the winter past. This spring I intended to have moved up with my family. For several reasons I cannot move up till June. I send up my brother Solo- mon in ord^r to assist Thomas Smith in getting in some spring grain. I intend to be up about the middle of May." He came and settled in . town, but when the revolutionary war commen- ced he left it, and Elijah King, who married his sister Mary, came. They resided in town till death. Archibald McLaughlin, a Scotchman, receives a deed, 1776, for lots in the southeast corner of Harvey's tract. According to the proprietors' records,at a meet- ing of the proprietors, held at Walter Brock's, in Barnet, August 23, 1785, which seems to be the first meeting held for some years, an inquiry for the charter was made, when it was found that it had been " carried out of the United States." The document before the writer is a copy of the char- ter, taken June 24, 1788, from the third volume of the book of charters in the State office of New Hampshire, and attested by Joseph Pearson, Secretary. The document is worn into eight pieces. The records of the proprietors previous to August 23, 1785, are lost. Were these missing records " carried out of the United States " along with the charter ? According to a contract found among Enos Stevens's papers, dated April, 1770, Joseph Hutchins of Haverhill, N. H., engages to im- prove some part of the lands in Barnet within the term of four or six months, and to pitch and work "either one of the fifty acre lots of upland or one of the meadow lots surveyed and laid out in said township." Enos Stevens engages to deed to him " within three months three fifty acre lots of upland, and three intervale lots of land as they are now surveyed and laid out in said township." No plan of this survey has been found and no reference to it is made in the record. This sur- vey may have been entered on the plan of 1774, but that part of the chart is worn off and lost. Wc next read of the survey of the east part of the town. From the existing proprietors' records, with a few accompanying papers, we learn when the town was surveyed into lots, and how they were divided to the proprietors or grantees, and the cost of procuring the charter and the surveys and division of the town. In 1773, the east part of the town was surveyed by Caleb Willard, and in 1774, the survey into large lots was completed. Among the papers of Enos Stevens was found a part of a chart of the town on a smnll scale. The other part, nearly one half, being worn off and lost. It is marked " a plan of Barnet, 1 774," most probably in the handwriting of Solomon Stevens, surveyor. Samuel Stevens presented an account, dated Charlestown, August 18, 1785, to the proprietors at their meeting, August 23, 1785, of which we give a summary. "July, 1762, to expense of procuring a char- ter, £219." This was probably dated before the charter,to include the survey of the town limits, as ordered by Gov. Wentworth, and described and delineated in the charter. Elijah King and others surveyed the charter limits of the towns immediately above Wells River in 1762 or 1763. " October, 1773, to survey of the east part of the town by Caleb Willard, £50." "June, 1774, to surveying the town into lots of one hundred acres each, £139." BARNET. 277 These sums, together with the interest to Au- gust 13, 1785, amount to £886, for the costs of chartering and surveying the town. He charges "October, 1770, for one hundred acres given to Col. Kurd as an encouragement to build mills £50." " To mill-irons delivered there, £30." " To ten lots of land given to divers persons, as an encouragement to settle in said town, at £10 each, £100." These sums, with interest to the date of the account, amounted to £355. The sum total was £1,241. The proprietors voted to rectify and allow Samuel Stevens's account, and also voted to raise a tax of £17 on each original right, which was to be paid in silver or gold, at the rate in silver of 6s. 8d. per oz., which tax was for paying the proprietors' debts. Samuel Stevens was appointed to collect this tax, in doing which he sold at vendue in Springfield, February 27, 1786, forty-six original rights, in- cluding Benning Wentworth's two shares, to Enos Stevens. The proprietors also at their meeting, August 23, 1785, " voted to accept and establish the survey formerly made by Solomon Stevens, according to the plan by him made, and that said plan be lodged in the proprietors' clerk's office for reference. Among the propri- etors' papers is a chart of the town on a scale of 60 chains to an inch, on the face of' which is inscribed " A contracted copy of the plan of Bar- net, taken from a plan called a true copy of the plan of the division of Barnet, accepted by the proprietors in their meeting, August, 1785, and attested by James Whitelaw, surveyor." In the proprietors' records this plan, of which this is a contracted copy, is called " Whitel-aw's plan," and agrees with the survey of the lots according to the plan of 1774, which, however, did not contain a survey of the small, irregular lots on the Connecticut River, and on the south line of the town called the " after division lots," as they were divided after the partition of the large lots to equalize the shares of the proprie- tors in quantity and quality. It appears from Gen. "Whitelaw's field-book that he surveyed the town lines of Barnet, in 1784, and found at the northeast corner of the town a pine-tree standing on the bank of the Connecti- cut River, marked " 1770," which was probably done by the New York surveyors when they sur- veyed " Duumore." From these facts it appears that General Whitelaw surveyed the whole town and made a complete chart of it and presented it to the proprietors at their meeting August 23, 1785, which was accepted by them, and hy which the whole town was divided among them. The writer has seen four charts of Barnet, on a scale of 30 chains to the inch, all of which were made by him. They are all soiled, worn or torn. One of these, found among the papers of Enos Stevens, attested by Gen. Whitelaw, and dated 1785, is most probably the one accepted by the proprietors, and by which the town was ultimately divided among them, which division seems to have been nearly completed in 1785, when the proprietors' records terminate, but it would appear probable that the after division lots were not all pitched so late as 1802. The names of the proprietors are entered on all Whitelaw's maps in the lots which they pitched. Since the survey the magnetic varia- tion of the compass needle has increased nearly two degrees westward. Most of the town was surveyed into lots of 100 acres each. The side lines of the lots are 160 rods, and run parallel with the N. E. side of the town, which runs N. 28 deg. W., and the end lines of the lots are 100 rods, nearly J of a mile, and run parallel with the N. W. line of the town, which runs N. 48 deg. E. The lots are therefore not quite rectangular. The lots along Peacham and Danville were made to consist of 287 acres. The small and- irregularly formed lots were on the Ryegate line, and along Connecticut River, at the S. E. and N. E. corners of the town. There were 366 acres to each proprietor's right, for which he had three 100-acre lots, and such a small lot, "after division lot," as equalized the rights or shares in quantity and quality. The propi'ietors voted lots for public uses, according to the charter ; but no part near the centre of the town was surveyed into acre-lots, that each proprietor might have one, as required by the charter. The full division of the large lots of the town to the proprietors, was finally settled and completed about 1787. The proprietors voted, Nov. 28, 1787, that "Enos Stevens, for and in consideration of his rebuilding the mills on Stevens River in Barnet, have the exclusive privilege of pitching the after division of the lands belonging to ten rights or shares." " Dec. 12, 1787, voted that lot No. 160 be for the clerk (Walter Brock), and he to pay Mr. Whitelaw, and find a book, and transfer the whole." This division of the town to the pro- prietors was called "the original survey" or "Grand Division of Barnet." Nov. 8, 1774, John Clark and Alexander Harvey bought of Samuel Stevens, one of the chief owners of Barnet, 7000 acres of land in the S. W. part of the town, which was to be laid off in one body on the Peacham line, and received a bond for a deed, when the sum of £408 6s. 8d. was paid, and guaranteeing peaceable possession, in the mean time. The price per acre was 14d., or about '25. This tract occupies the S. W. part of the town, of which it is more than one fourth part, thus described: Beginning at the S. W. corner of the town, its boundary line ran along the Peacham line 5 miles to a large beach-tree marked A . H, J.W, A . T, 1776; thence, turning a right angle, it runs S. 42 deg. past the Presbyterian meeting-house, near the centre of the town, 2 miles, 188 rods, and 95 links, to a small hemlock marked A . H, I . W, 1776, on the top of the hill north of John Gil- 278 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. fillan's house ; thence, turning a right angle, it ran S. 48 (leg., W. in a direction parallel with the Peacham line, about 3 miles, 112 rods, and 32 links, to a great hemlock marked A . H, I .W, 1776; thence, turning an obtuse angle, it ran along the Rvegate town line, N. 68 deg. W. about 3 miles, to the place of beginning ; the whole containing 7,000 acres, which was deeded by Willard Stevens to Alexander Harvey, March 10, 1781. Gen, Whitelaw surveyed tlie Harvey Tract in 1776. It is divided into 5 ranges running parallel with the Peacham line. The lots contain 50 acres each, and are rectan- gular, long, and narrow, and are numbered separately in each range, beginning at the Ryegate line. Their whole number is 135. The present town clerk, by a late vote of the town, made a double index of all the land records from 1783 to the present time. The index-book is a royal folio of 500 pages, made for such a purpose. The index occupies more than 300 pages, with blank leaves under each letter for future use. It consists of a descending index, by which land titles can be traced down to the present time, and an ascending index, by which the title can be traced up to the grantees in the charter. To facilitate the process, the years in which the deeds were recorded are entered by the clerk in the double index, to make which every page of the land records, amounting to several thousand, was examined, so that, if a deed is recorded, it can be easily and quickly found, and, if it is not in the index, it is certainly known that it has not been recorded. It is believed Barnet is the first town in Vermont that has made such an index, which saves much time and trouble, aud gives certain and satisfac- tory information in searching the records. During the Revolutionary War, and for some years after it, the town held its meetings at John McLaren's, but more frequently at Robert Twaddell's, whose houses were near the centre of the town. June 1, 1786, the proprietors pitched lots 87, 38, and 39 for the first settled minister of the gospel, according to the charter of the town. In 1785 or 178G, 4 acres in the N. "VV. corner of lot 87 were cleared, each quarter ■ of the town clearing an acre. On this a meeting house was raised. Dec. 18, 1788, the town voted to raise money by subscription towards finishing the meeting-house. "Jan. 15,1789. Thirty-one persons declare their intention of having the meeting-house for a place of public worship." " Oct. 9. Town resolves that the house should be finished by subscription." Dec. 30, 1791. Town votes that the meeting-house was town property, and subject to town rules. Jan. 19, 1792. The town votes to constitute and appoint the meeting-house for public worship of God. Eeb. 1, 1792. The lower part of the house having been finished, the pews, 28 in number, were sold at vendue, under certain regulations, for about £300, one tenth part to be paid in money, and the rest in wheat, at 5s. per bushel. July 5, 1795. The galleries were finished, and the pews were sold, in a similar manner, for about £110, which was to be paid for the expense of finishing the house. Jan. 14, 1799. The town votes that a sum not exceeding Si 20 of the money due for the sale of seats be applied to purchase stoves for the liouse. They were not, however, procured till about 1810; still, the meeting on Sabbath was well attended in the winter, all being warmly clothed, and the women having foot-stoves, as they were called. In 1829, the year before the demise of Rev. David Goodwillie, the first meeting-house was removed, and, on the same site, a large brick church edifice, with a steeple, was built at a cost of nearly $5,000. This edifice was acci- dentally burnt in February, 1849, and the con- gregation erected and finished the present ele- gant and commodious house of public worship, all ready for use, in 5 months after the former one was burnt, and the cost of erection was promptly paid. The Revolutionary soldiers were Thomas Hazeltine, a pensioner, John Bonett, a pen- sioner, Daniel Hall, Caleb Stiles, John Woods, William Strobridge, a pensioner, Amasa Grout, and William Tice. The following Scotchmen also served in the Revolutionary War : Archi- bald Harvey, a pensioner, who was at the taking of Quebec : Thomas Clark, who emigrated to this country in 1774. He enlisted at Hanover, N. H., and served in Col. Cilley's regiment. He was in the battle of Saratoga, and was so badly wounded that he was taken to the hos- pital in Albany. When recovered, and on his way to rejoin the army, he was seized with fever and ague, and hired a man for $200 to take his place in the army, which sum he lost, as the Continental money was so depreciated in value. He settled in Barnet in 1792 or 1793, but, some years before his death, removed to the S. E. corner of Peacham. He was an in- telligent man, and a member of the Associate Presbyterian Church of Barnet. William Johnston, a staff officer and a pensioner, was at the battles of Gerraantown, Monmouth, and Brandywine. He saw Gen. Putnam plunge down the frightful precipice, and escape, and witnessed Maj. Andre's execution, when, he said, the American oiEcers wept. On one occasion, he was engaged in taking some British soldiers captive, one of whom was Alexander Emsley, who settled in Barnet, and married his widow. Upon the first call for Revolutionary soldiers in 1777, Bartholomew Somers, John McLaren, and James Orr, all of whom settled early in town, near the centre, went to Saratoga at the time of Burgoyne's surrender. They were all members of the same church. Mr. McLaren's potatoes were not dug till the next spring, when they were found to be fresh and good, as the BARNET. 279 snow, which fell early, and was deep all winter, preserved them. Thus Providence favored the brave and patriotic. In 1782, the State ordered a force of 300 men to be raised from all the towns in the State, except the towns on Connecticut River, above Barnet, the number to be raised according to the town lists. Jacob Hall was chosen cajitain of the militia of Barnet, 1779. John Galbraith, a Scotchman, came to Barnet and bought 300 acres on the Passumpsic, at the mouth of Enerick Brook, from Enos Stevens, in 1776, intending to return to Scotland and send his sons to improve the lands, but the war prevented his return, and he built a house and lived alone. Indians often called upon him ; sometimes in greater number than he thought safe ; but as he was kind to them they did him no harm. Rev. Thomas Clark, of Salem, N. Y., Rev. Robert Annan, of Boston, John Galbraith, and some others, most of whom were Scotchmen, obtained a grant from New York, which lay on the Passumpsic, including Burke and parts ad- jacent, being about 9 miles long and 6 broad, and which they called Bamf. John Galbraith re- ceived $99 81 as his-share of the $30,000 paid by this State to New York to quitclaim Vermont. He went to Canada to return to Scotland, and was seized as a spy and shipped, with Jonathan EUdns of Peacham and others, to England, where he was acquitted and set free, having got a free passage. He went home to Scotland,and, after the Revolution, his sons came and occupied his lands. Archibald McLaughlan, another Scotchman, bought land in the southeast comer of the Har- vey Tract, in 1776, from Col. Harvey. Two Scotchmen, William Stevenson and James Cross, settled in town in 1776, and took lots in Har- vey's tract, on Stevens's River. They lived alone in a house for a number of years. Coming home at one time in the dusk of the evening from the mill at Newbury, with grists on their backs, when about a mile from their house, they found a bear sitting in the path. Mr. Stevenson, who was considerably ahead, while his hound engaged the bear, got an opportunity to strike it across the eyes with a cudgel of a staff that he carried, which broke its nose and stunned it in some measure ; still Bruin gave fight to him and his dog ; but Stevenson, watching a good opportu- nity, struck it across the small of the back and continued the blows till he beat the bear to death. He was a strong and courageous man, and told the writer that he did not know the nature of the beast he killed, and never thought he was in any danger till he examined the bear's great paws after death. He carried it home, while Mr. Cross, who came up during the fight and broke a fine staff over the beast, carried the two grists. James Gilchrist, Esq., a Scotchman, about the year 1777, settled on the plain atMcIndoe's Falls. At an early period he was elected to important offices in town, in which Ms influence was long felt. His wife had a very vigorous mind, good judgment, and memory. She was noted for her extensive religious knowledge and piety, and was a member of the Associate Congregation of Barnet for about 40 years. She rode on horse- back to Mr. GoodwiUie's church, and so regular and constant was her attendance, that one day, when too feeble to attend, her horse, from long use, jumped out of the pasture one Sabbath morning, went with the neighbors to meeting, stood at the horse-block, where it used to be tied till the evening, and then went home ; all this without bridle, saddle, or rider. She died in 1828, aged 95 years. When on her deathbed she thanked her aged pastor for the precious truths of the gospel she had heard him so long preach, and kissed the young pastor's hand, saying to him, " I esteem your office higher than that of the kings of the earth." She and Mrs. Twaddel, though nearly 99 years of age, could repeat correctly the West- minster shorter catechism, besides many psalms and other parts of the Bible. John McCulloch, a very intelligent, judicious, and religious man, and long an elder of the As- sociate congregation, had a son, who died lately, about 53 years of age, who had a very remark- able memory. He was well acquainted with the Bible, and could repeat more chapters after twice or thrice reading them than the teacher in the Sabbath school had time to hear. Often his memory has been tried by opening the Bible at many different parts ; and reading a passage, he would promptly tell the book, the chapter, and almost always the very verse read. He was not so exact, however, as to the verse as the cele- brated blind Alick of Stirling, Scotland, whom the writer has seen and tried his memoiy. How- ever, his memory was most remarkable for the date of events. He could tell promptly the year, the day of the month, the day of the week, and what kind of a day it was on which the event hap- pened. He could tell who he had heard preach, from the text, the psalm, and the tune to which the psalm was sung. The writer has tested his memory in different ways, not only by the Bible, but by records, through a course of nearly 50 years, and found it correct. Eebruary can have five Sabbaths only when it begins and ends on that day, which can occur only once in 28 years. The writer once suddenly asked when had February five Sabbaths in it? "In 1824," he promptly replied. When will it have five again was the next question, as promptly answered, " In 1852." Indeed, he was a living almanac, and so used by the family and others. His fath- er one day was speaking of an event the date of which he' did not recollect. His son was fixing the fii-e and not appearing to be taking notice of the conversation, when his father, according to Ms custom, said, "John, when was it 1 " He in- instantly replied, " Six years ago last Saturday." He was weU read in commentaries on the 2S0 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Bible and other religious books, and, moreover, had some talent for poetiy. He composed an elegy in wliich he eulogized his aged minister, whose death he lamented, and also wi-ote a hu- morous and satirical song on the vices and follies of an unworthy individual. The latter, with other liumorous songs, he used to sing, being very fond of music and somewhat of a proficient therein. In 1788, the town voted to fine absentees from town meetings SI 00. Until some years after the Revolutionary "War the only way of access to the town was by the Hazcn road, running through the west part of it. At an early period a road was made, beginning at the Hazen road, on the north side of Harvey's Mountain, and proceeding by the north end of Harvey's Lake and the centre of the town, and terminated at the mouth of Joes Eivei-, and was afterwards extended up the Passumpsic River to St. Johnsbury. No road from Wells River was made up the Connecticut River till some years after the Revolutionary War. The Passumpsic Turnpike Company was in- corporated in 1805. The first mile from Joes Brook down the Passumpsic was made in 1807, and the next season it was made to Ryegate line, when the Legislature granted the privilege of taking half toll. Afterwards the road was ex- tended to Wells River. It is said to have cost $26,000. Alterations in Barnet and Ryegate, extending in the whole to about seven miles, were subsequently made, costing more than $7,000, of which nearly $4,000 were paid by Barnet, Ryegate, and Newbury. A committee appointed by the County Com-t prized the turn- pike at $4,000, which was paid by the towns and it became a free road. Dr. Phineas Stevens, brother of Enos Stevens, was the first physician in town. William Shaw was the first merchant, having a store at Stevens's Falls. Thomas Dennison was probably the first lawyer who lived in town. Mr. Wilson, a Revolutionary soldier, who had lost an arm in battle, was the first school-teacher, and taught between Stevens's and Mclndoe's Palis. The log schoolhouse stood near where William Harvey now lives. William Shearer, senior, taught school at an early period near Ross's Pond. William Johnston, who served in the American army, came to town about 1790, and for a few years taught a school on the rising ground around which the public road runs, near the northwest corner of Harvey's Lake. In 1801 he moved near to the centre of the town and taught school near the Presbyterian church. He was a good teacher, and his handwriting was very plain, neat, and regular. He kept school more than 20 years in town, and many of the youth of Barnet, great and small, were taught by him. The writer possesses docu- ments containing the signature of Jonathan Fowler, who was one of the four men who first settled the town and county, written May 1, 1787; the signature of Bamet Fowler, his son, the first-born male in the town and county, writ- ten March 12, 1799; and a school-bill, "Jona- than Fowler to William Johnston, Dr., to one quarter's school-rate for your son Barnet, com- mencing November 19, 1792, $2 00." April 1, 1788, the town is divided into four districts, according to the following description : " 1st, north of Thomas Smith's Falls into Pas- sumpsic ; 2d, south of Thomas Smith's Falls to Stevens's River ; 3d, south of Stevens's River to Peacham line ; 4th, Great River." Now there are 18 school districts and 20 schools in town, besides a flourishing academy at Mclndoe's Falls. The spotted fever prevailed in town in 1811, and was very fatal. It returned in 1818. The typhus fever prevailed in 1815, '16, and '17, and proved fatal in many cases. There are 4 villages, 4 post-oflSces, and 7 churches in town. Barnet Village, situated at the Falls on Stevens's River, contains a large number of houses and inhabitants. Here are the Barnet post-office, an inn, a gristmill, a sawmill, two woollen factories, and two stores, the town house, and a Union church, a fine building with steeple and bell. McIndoe's Falls is situated in theS. E. corner of the town, at Mclndoe's Falls, on Connecticut River, so called because John Mclndoe early set- tled and owned land at the Falls, on which are great lumber mills. The village is beautifully situated on an extensive plain, and contains a large number of houses and inhabitants. Here are the Mclndoe's Falls post-office, an inn, two stores, a carriage factory, the Methodist chapel, the Congregational church, a fine building, with steeple and bell, and the Mclndoe's Falls Acade- my, a large, elegant, and commodious edifice, finely situated. Passumpsic Village, situated at the north part of the town, on the Passumpsic Rivei", at Kendall's Falls, at which are mills and factories. It contains the Passumpsic post-office, the Bap- tist chapel, two stores, an inn, and a considerable number of houses. West Baenet, situated on Stevens's River, near the north end of Harvey's Lake, contains the West Barnet post-office, a neat Union church, a store, grist and sawmill. There is a Union meeting-house in the south- western part of the town. POPULATION AND WEALTH OF BAENET. The Scotchmen were generally very robust men and retained their strength to an advanced age. Many of them lived till 90 and some to 95 years of age. Robt. Twaddell's wife was nearly 99, and Ciaud Stuart 100 years and 4 months when they died. In Fcbniaiy, 1774, Gen. Whitelaw writes that there were 15 families in Barnet, and in Au- gust of the same year, when Col. Harvey viewed BAENET. 281 the town to buy land for the Scotch company, he writes in his journal, August 27, that there were six or seven settlers on the river and a few in the other parts of the town. In all Whitelaw's charts, the names of the grantees are inserted in the lots they drew, but few of the original proprietors ever settled the lands granted to them by the charter. Eev. Thomas Beveridge, who visited the town in the summer of 1789, writes that there were then 40 Scotch families in town. In the collection of papers belonging to Eev. David Goodwillie, was found an accurately drawn map of the town, made by him about the time he came to settle, in September, 1790. In this chart all the names of the actual settlers, about 90 in number, are inserted in the lots on which they settled. From this map it appears that at that time the most of the inhabitants of the town were settled on the lots near the central parts of the town, and between these and the Peacham line, with a considerable number in the southwest part of the town. The meadow lands along the Connecticut River, from Eyegate to the Pas- Bumpsic Eiver, were settled, and there were a few settlers between that river and Waterford. In the north and southeast parts of the town there were no inhabitants. In 1786, the first grand list recorded gives, polls, 57, $5,816; 1790, the grand list gives, polls, 93, $13,142; 1860, the grand list gives, polls, 362, $70,213. Population in 1791 was 477 ; in 1800, 860 ; in 1810, 1,301 ; in 1820, 1,488 ; in 1830, 1,707 ; in 1840, 2,030; in 1850, 2,522 ; in 1860, 2,002. ENOS STEVENS, ESQ., AND EAMILT. Enos Stevens, Esq., was bom October 2, 1739. There is a tradition in his father's family that the town was called Bamet from the cir- cumstance that his great-grandfather, who emi- grated to Massachusetts in 1685, came from Bar- net in England, which is a market town 11 miles north- northwest from London, and is situated in a parish of the same name. " It stands on a height, and has a church, built in 1400, a gram- mar school founded by Queen Elizabeth in 1573, and some well-endowed almshouses. An obelisk near the town commemorates a battle fought there between the York and Lancaster armies in 1471, when the latter was totally defeated, and their leader, the great Earl of "Warwick was killed. Its population in 1851 was 2,380." His uncle, Samuel Stevens, was employed by a land company to explore the country, from White River to the heads of the Onion and Lamoille ri^rers, to find out the best lands for settlement. This he did in 1 760. His father, Capt. Phineas Stevens, in 1747, with 30 men, bravely defend- ed the fort at CharlestOAvn, N. H., against 400 French and Indians, whose assault was carried on in different ways for three days. He repelled tbem without the loss of a man, while the loss of the enemy was considerable. His father and some members of the family procured signers to the petition to Gov. "Wentworth, who granted the charter of the town. They in most instances procured deeds of acquittance from the petition- ers, as proprietors, giving from a few shillings to a few pounds for a share of 360 acres, so that he and his thr-ee elder brothers, Samuel, Willaed, and Simon, became chief proprietors of the town. His younger brother, Solomon, was a land sur- veyor, and surveyed Barnet in 1774. He took the side of the British in the war of the Eevolution. His father and brothers had been honored by commissions from the governors of the British provinces of New Hampshire and New York, and like many others, no doubt, he thought that the poAverful crown of Great Britain would soon crush the infant American Eepublic. In his journal he writes : " Charlestown, N. H., May 2, 1777. Set out for New York; left my all for the sake of my king and my country." In New York, he joined a volunteer company appointed by the British Commander to guard on the coast, but it does not appear that he was ever engaged in battle. He, with six others, Sept. 30, 1782, received a commission from "his excellency, the commander-in-chief," to go to Nova Scotia " to take charge of the provisions, arms, and ammunition sent by the commander- in-chief for the use of refugees going with them to settle in that country, and divide the same among them." He bought land and settled in Digby, Nova Scotia, where he resided till 1785. After the war of independence, he applied to the British government for indemnity for " loyalty losses, and services," but it is not probable that he was indemnified for his losses, as his lands in Barnet were not confiscated. In his journal he writes: "Feb. 25, 1785. Came to Charlestown; found all my friends well ; seven years and ten months since I left this town." He came to Barnet, and was present at a meeting of the proprietors, August 23, 1785, and drew his shai-es in the town when the first division took place. After this, he sold his possessions in Nova Scotia, and came to Barnet to reside. He pur- chased the lands owned by his brothers, and obtained vendue-titles to others ; so that he owned the greater part of the town. He encour- aged the early settlement of the town by giving lots to the first settlers. He engaged Col. Hurd to build grist and sawmills on the Falls, at the mouth of Stevens Eiver, and aftei-wards pur- chased them, and they were called Stevens Mills. It is said that it was one of his brothers who built the gristmill at the outlet of Harvey's Lake, which was long owned by Eobert Brock, and near which Walter Brock afterwards built a sawmill, and these were called " Brock's Mills," which were the first built in town after Stevens Mills. To Barnet Fowler, son of Jonathan Fowler, the first male child born in Barnet, he gave a lot of land in the N. E. part of the town. 282 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZIXE. and the name of Barnet Fowler is written near Harvey Fowler in Whitelaw's chart of the to\vn. Sept. 4, 1787, he was admitted to take the free- man's oath. For many years he was a magis- trate, and represented the town in the Legislature in 1795, 1796, and 1807. In 1798, he was ap- pointed by the government one of the commis- sioners to take the census in this part of Ver- mont. His brother, Willard Stevens, moved to Bamet in 1776, but soon returned to Charles- town, and, immediately after, Elijah King, who married Mary Stevens, the sister of Enos Stevens, moved to Bamet, where they lived till their death. He was manied March 4, 1791, to Sophia Grout, of Charlestown. They had 10 children, most of whom died before adult age ; only three now survive. Henry Stevens, Esq., the eldest, was bom Dec. 13, 1791. He has transacted much business in town, and has been elected to ditfereut town offices, and represented Bamet in the Legislatm-e in 1826 and 1827. For many years he has been collecting files of newspapers, pamphlets, and written documents, to illustrate the liistory of the Town and State, many of which he sold to the State for $4,000. He was for many years President of the Histokical So- ciety OF Vermont. His present collection consists of 3,485 bound volumes, about 6,500 pamphlets, about 400 volumes of newspapers, and probably 20,000 letters, bearing date from 1726 to 1854. He has the old field-books of all town lines surveyed by James Whitelaw, Esq., surveyor-general, and his deputies. His son Enos graduated at Middlebury College. His son Henry, after being engaged by the govern- ment in different offices in Washington, graduated at Yale College, and went to London, and was employed in purchasing rare and valuable books for several Ajnerican gentlemen, and in 1846 he was employed by the Trustees of the British Museum to make up a catalogue of American works not fol^nd in the library of that institution,' and was then appointed to furnish these works, and a complete set of the public documents of each one of the United States, and a complete set of all documents published by Congress, and all such books as contain the general literatui-e of each State. He became, about 1848, agent for the Smith- sonian Institution, and is still extensively en- gaged in the exchange of books between the institutions of England and America. His son George graduated at West Point, 1843, and was appointed second lieutenant in 1844, and joined the army at Fort Joseph, commanded by Gen. Taylor, but was not long afterwards ac- cidentally drowned. COL. ALEXANDER HAEVEY AND FAMILY. CoL. Alexander Harvet was born in May, 1747, in the parish of Gargunoch, Stu-Hngshire, Scotland. His credentials represent him as " descended from creditable and honest parents ; that ho had an education suitable to his station, and that ho was, in his conduct and behavior, ia every respect virtuous, obliging, and modest." Mr. Harvey and John Clark were the agents of a company of farmers in the shires of Perth and Stii'ling, appointed to search out and purchase a large tract of land in America for the company to settle. Ho left his father's house May 9, 1774, and they sailed for America, and landed in New York, July 22, in company with Jolm Galbraith, Thomas Clark, and othei-s, who came to Bamet. The agents proceeded by Albany to examine lands near Schenectady, but the quantity for sale was not sufficient. They proceeded by Balls- town, Saratoga, and Salem, to Cambridge, N. Y., but, not obtaining their object, crossed the Green Mountains, and came by Charlestown, Hanover, and Newbury, to Ryegate, one half of wliich Gen. Whitelaw had purchased from Dr. Witherspoon, and examined the other half of the town, as they were instructed by the directors. They then came to Bamet, where they arrived August 27, in company with Solomon Stevens, the brother of Samuel Stevens, both of whom were proprietors of the town. The next day, they went and examined 7,000 acres of land in the S. W. part of the town, attended by Mr. Stevens and a guide. In Col. Harvey's jour- nal (now before the wiiter), he says " there are six or seven settlers in the township on the river, and a few in the back parts of the town." They offered Mr. Stevens one shilling sterling per acre, but he asked 18 pence, and gave them a letter to his brother in Ncav York, " with whom they might treat at large." Returning by Albany to New York, they went by Philadelphia, and examined lands on the Susquehanna and Schuylkill rivers, and then returned to New York, where they arrived in October, 1774. They offered Samuel Stevens one shilling an acre, but he demanded 16 pence. But, Nov. 8, they " agree with Mr. Stevens to pay 14 pence sterling for each acre of 7,000 acres of land in Bamet, lying on the Peacham line, to extend 5 miles on said line, and to pay one half of the money in November, 1775, and the other to be paid them, or to bear interest for such time as it remained unpaid." His journal, under date of Nov. 23, 1784, says : "Accordingly, received a bond of Samuel Stevens of £1,600, 6s. 6d. ster- ling, that wo were to receive a complete deed for 7,000 acres of land in Barnet, vritt a covenant of warrantee deed to pay and receive at Nov. 1775 ; at the same time, we granted a bond to said Mr. Stevens, of equal sum, to fulfil the promises on our part. The bond was scaled on both parts, and signed and delivered before two witnesses." Having made out an account of their proceedings to send to the company, John Clark sailed for Scotland, Dec. 11, 1774, and took the record with him. The whole sum they agreed to pay was £408, BAENET. 283 6s 8d., which was ultimately paid, and the re- ceipt for payment is recorded in the town books, and Col. Hai-vey received deeds from Samuel, Willard, and Bnos Stevens for the 7,000 acres purchased. Having bought some tools and furniture, and hired some persons to work for the company, he, in company with Claud Stuart, Robert Brock, John Scot, John McLaren, and Robert Bentley, sailed from New York, March 23, 1775, and came by New Haven to Hartford, Ct. Having bought provisions at these places, Mr. Harvey left Mr. Stuart with Mr. Bentley to assist him in bringing the "lumber up the river in boats, and he, with the rest of the company, came a foot by Charlestown, Newbury, and Ryegate to Barnet, where they arrived March 21, 1775. His journal says they " came along Peacham line two and a half miles, struck across the breadth, came to the pond, camped all night near the pond, and cleared some part of the ground." The next day they returned to Ryegate, "the snow being too thick to work, and then to Newbury, where they bought wheat, beef, and pork, and hired a horse to carry their provisions to Barnet ; returned thi-ough Ryegate, where they tarried some days, and bought sugar and other articles, and, in company with John McLaren and Robert Brock, returned to their camp in Barnet, May 3 ; and on the 4th, built another camp ; on the 5th, viewed a proper place for improvements, and on the 6th, cut down and burnt up wood ; on the 7th, Claud Stuart, John Scot, and Robert Bent- ley, arrived, after a long and bad passage up the Connecticut River to Newbury. They cleared some land, sowed some grain, and planted some potatoes and beans. They prepared logs and raised a house, June 11th, with " the assistance of Mr. Whitelaw and four men from Ryegate." In July, he went to New York "to draw money to carry on the work, and to receive letters from the company," and on the way back he bought a cow of Col. Bel- lows. In October he sowed some wheat, and Peter Sylvester and Mr. Kimball harrowed it in with their oxen. On the 28th of October he " raised another house for two dwellers," which was completed in November, and which was inhabited by Robert McFarlane. "About the 13th of the month, snow came on so as to con- tinue." "November 14, cut a road to Stevens MjIIs." During the year 1775, he received authority from the Directors of the Company in Scotland to increase his purchase of land to 12,000 acres. He purchased a number of lots in other parts of Barnet, but the Revolutionary war commencing the next year, impeded the opera- tions of the Company, and the emigration of its members from Scotland. The site where he first camped, and built his first house is on the farm of Jeremiah Abbott, and situated a few rods above the stone house built by William Bachop. Afterwards, he built a house of hewn logs on the Hazen Road, in which his son Claud lived before he built a new house. In 1796, however, he sold his farm on the north side of Harvey's Mountain, and moved down the Hazen Road, and lived on the south side of the mountain, where "William McPhee now lives, and where he died, Dec 14, 1809, aged 62 years. He was a man of good abil- ities, widely known, and highly honored ; a member of the State Conventions of 1777, and of all the sessions of the Legislature, from the first session in 1778 till 1788, and a member of the Council of Censors, 1791. He was Associate Judge of Orleans County from 1781 to 1794, and long and early honored with office by the toAvn of Barnet. The Legislature appointed him one of the trustees of the County Academy, and he was president of the board of trustees tiU his death. The Government also appointed him to build a fort on the Onion or Lamoille River, which he declined. He and Gen. Whitelaw were attor- neys appointed by Dr. Witherspoon, for the sale of lands which he owned in Kyegate, Newbury, and Walden. He possessed a public spirit, was generous and facetious, and exerted himself for the good of the Town, County, and State, having taken an active part in declaring the State independent, and forming its constitution and government. He was chosen colonel of the regiment formed in this part of the country. AlS a proof of his " good vrill and favor to Mr. and Mrs. Goodwillie," he gave them a donation of some acres of land adjoining their own. Jonathan Fowler, one of the first four men who settled in the town, named one of his sons for him, and the colonel gave him a lot of land situated in the northeast part of the town, and Harvey Fowler is entered in aU Whitelaw's charts of Barnet. On one occasion during the Revolutionary War, when soldiers were di-afted in Barnet, the lot fell on George Gibson, a man of small stature, who said he would join the army, adding, " Who knows but I may be the means of establish- ing the independence of the United States 1 " Col. Harvey observed that he never knew a means so small to produce an effect so great. A member of the Legislature, who was a great hero and patriot, boasting of his mother and six brothers, triumphantly asked the company if ever they heard of such a mother having seven such sons. Col. Harvey replied he had read of a woman who had seven just such sons, and what was very remarkable, they were all born at one birth ! " Who was she 1 " asked the hero. " Mary Magdalene," replied the colonel, "who, was delivered of seven devils all at once ! " He was married, by the Rev. Peter Powei'S, October 5, 1781, to Jennet Brock, a daughter of Walter Brock, Esq., of Barnet, and who was born in Scotland, October 10, 1767. They had 284 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 16 children, three of whom died when young. Eight sons and five daughters were married, most of wliora lived in Baraet, of whom two sons and two daughters are now deceased. His son, Hon. Walter Harvey, was 36 years a justice of the peace, a member of the executive coimcil in 1835, and a representative of the town in 1824, 1825, 1829, 1837, 1838, 1839, and 1844, and was associate judge of the county in 1850. His son, Hon. Robert Harvey, was member of the State Senate in 1838 and 1839, associate judge of the county in 1848 and 1849, and member of the council of censors in 1834 and 1835, and a representative of the town in 1853 and 1854. His son, Claud Harvey, Esq., was representative of the town in 1832 and 1833. His name-son, Alexander Harvey, Esq., is mar- ried to a granddaughter of Gen. Stark, the hero of Bennington, and was high sheriff of the county in 1843. His son, Peter Harvey, Esq., was the friend and associate of Daniel "Webster, and is mentioned in his life. Col. Harvey's de- scendants are numerous. His widow was mar- ried, by Rev. David GoodwilUe, to Gen. White- law, of Ryegate, August 29, 1815, and died, Dec. 28, 1854, aged 89 years. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEY. It is not known at what period the Presbyte- rian churches of Bamet and Ryegate — chiefly composed of emigrants from Scotland — were formed, but they were organized previous to 1779, a number of years before any other church was formed in the county. Before, during, and after the Revolutionary War, several Scotch cler- gymen came and preached to them occasionally, and sometimes administered baptism. The company of Perth and Stirling, whose agent was Col. Harvey, agreed to buy a large tract of land in America, in order to settle together, and have a settled minister among them, thus taking forethought for their spiritual as well as temporal interests. Harvey's tract in Bamet was purchased for them in the close of 1774, and began to be settled by them early in 1775, but the Revolutionary War checked the emi- gration. However, some Scotch families from Ryegate moved into town towards the close of the war, after which it was rapidly settled in dif- ferent parts by emigrants from various parts of Scotland. Gen. Whitelaw, who was the agent of the Scotch Company in Ryegate, on his way tliither in 1773, called on Rev. Thomas Clark, a Scotch clergyman belonging to the Associate Presbyterian Church, and settled in Salem, Washington County, N. Y., and Col. Harvey, agent of the Scotch company that settled in Bar- net, on his way to town in 1774, called also upon him. To this clergyman John Gray, of Ryegate, travelled on foot 140 miles, to obtain his services. He gave them a favorable answer, April 8, 1775, and came and preached some time in Bamet and Ryegate in the latter part of the summer of that year. He revisited these towns two or three times during the Revolutionaiy War. Dr. Witherspoon, president of Princeton Col- lege, N. J., a signer of the Declaration of Inde- pendence, and a member of Congress, who owned lands in Ryegate, Newbury, and Walden, and whose son was settled in the north part of Ryegate, \-isited this part of the country three times, first, probably in 1775. In 1782, he preached in Ryegate and Barnet, and baptized Col. Harvey's oldest child. He returned in 1786, to this part of the county. Rev. Hugh White, a Scotch clergyman, preached in Rye- gate at the end of 1775. Rev. Peter Powers, English Presbji;erian clergyman, settled in New- bmy from 1765 to 1784; preached occasionally in Ryegate, and probably in Barnet, dming that period. The proceedings of the town and church of Barnet to obtain a settled minister, are recorded at length in the town records, from which the history of the settlement of the fii-st minister in the town and county is taken. Jan. 29, 1784. The town "voted unani- mously to choose the Presbyterian form of relig- ious worship, founded on the word of God as expressed in the confession of faith, catechisms, longer and shorter, with the form of church government agreed upon by the Assembly of divines at Westminster, and practised by the church of Scotland." August 17,1784. The town " voted lot No. 87, for a meeting-house and glebe ; also, voted to apply to the Scotch Presbytery for a minister." The Scotch Presbytery here mentioned was The Associate Reformed Prcsbyteiy of Lon- donderry, N. H., formed there Feb. 13, 1783, to which Rev. Robert Annan, of Boston, Rev. David Annan, of Peterboro', N. H., and Rev. John Huston, of Bedford, N. H., belonged. Rev. Robert Annan preached in these towns in 1784, and returned next year. Rev. David Annan preached in Barnet and Ryegate in 1785. The fii-st leaf of the chmxh records of Barnet is lost. The third page begins with August 27, 1786. Rev. John Huston was present with the session of Barnet, at an election of elders, August 31, 1786, when the record says " a petition was drawn up by the elders of Barnet and Ryegate, and preferred to the Associate (Reformed) Pres- bytery, to sit at Peterboro', Sept. 27, 1786, earn- estly desiring one of then* number might be sent to preach, visit, and catechise the two congre- gations, and ordain elders at Barnet." Accord- ingly the Presbytery appointed Mr. Huston for that purpose. In pursuance thereof, Mr. Huston came in October following, and visited and cate- chised the greater pai-t of both congregations. He remained till May, 1787, preaching in Bamet and Ryegate, and i-etumed November, 1788. Previous to 1787, the emigrants from Scotland made an unsuccessful attempt to obtain Rev. Walter Galbraith, from Scotland, for their minis- BAENET. 2S5 ter. In that year the town voted to apply to the Associate Synod, of Scotland, and sent a petition to that Synod, desiring a minister to be sent to them, and promising him a salary and the payment of expense of his passage to this coun- try, and settlement among them. Funds were raised for that purpose. In 1787, before receiv- ing an answer to their petition, the town voted to raise funds for the support of the gospel among them, and authorized the committee, with tlie elders, to employ such preachers as they could procure, agreeing with them in religious sentiments. In the beginning of 1789, informa- tion was received from Scotland that the Associ- ate Synod in that country had sent three preach- ers to the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania, and directed them to apply to that Presbytery for a preacher to become their minister. The town having voted to make application as dii-ected, in June, 1789, William Stevenson went to Cambridge, N. Y., and had an interview with Eev. Thomas Beveridge, a minister and member of the Presbytery of Pennsylvania, and having obtained the information desired, he wrote a letter to the Eev. David Goodwillie, a minister and member of the same Presbytery, then at New York City, informing him that "the con- gregation of Barnet would be exceedingly glad of a visit " from him, and referring him to cer- tain information contained in an enclosed letter from Mr. Beveridge, who writes that the people in Barnet had made appKcation to the Synod in Scotland, and that they had been directed to apply to the Presbytery of Pennsylvania for a hearing of Mr. Goodwillie ; that there were about 40 Scotch families in Barnet, with a number in Eyegate ; that some of the emi- grants from Scotland in Barnet, had heard Mr. Goodwillie in their native country, and would be well pleased to have liim settled in Barnet, as their minister; and that Mr. Stevenson had made application to obtain sermon for Barnet. In consequence of this information and applica- tion Mr. Beveridge came and preached in Barnet Sabbaths July 26, and August 2, and baptized several children ; one of these was Walter, son of Col. Harvey. The session, in conjunction with the committee of the town, then petitioned the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania " for sup- ply of sermon, and particularly a hearing of the Eev. David Goodwillie." In consequence of this petition, Mr. Good- willie came to Barnet in the latter part of No- vember the same year, and remained preaching in Barnet, and occasionally in Eyegate, till the latter part of February, 1790, during which time he administered baptism, observed a public fast, Jan. 7, 1790, and occasionally preached in Eyegate. Feb. 4, 1 790. The town "voted to apply to the Presbytery of Pennsylvania for a minister, forty for and seven against it. Voted £10 a year as a salary for said minister, and to augment it £1 a year till it amount to £80 lawful, to be paid in wheat at 5s. a bushel, and stock and other pro- duce to be conformed to the wheat. Voted to raise £60 lawful, for a settlement for said minis- ter, £20 of which to be paid a year, and the whole to be paid in three yeare, to be paid in wheat, stock, and produce, the same as the yearly salary. Voted to raise £22, to be paid in wheat at 5s. a bushel to pay the present supply of ser- mon. Voted that the committee formerly ap- pointed by the town to procure sermons, be requested to apply to the Presbytery of Pennsyl- vania for a minister. The few who voted against this application wished to obtain a minister from the Established Church of Scotland, but did not afterwards oppose the settlement and ministrations of Mr. Goodwillie. The elders of the church and com- mittee of town, Feb. 15, 1790, petition the Asso- ciate Presbytery of Pennsylvania " to appoint one of their number to preside in the election and call of one to be the stated minister of this town and congregation, and a supply of sermon in the mean time." The town records, July 5, 1790, say " The committee appointed by the town, Feb. 4, last, for the purpose of applying to the reverend, the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania, for a mod- eration of a call agreeable to the vote of that day, for procuring a settled minister, having petitioned said Presbytery for one of their number to mod- erate in the election of a minister, said Presby- tery having granted the petition by appointing the Rev. Thomas Beveridge, of Cambridge, N. Y., for the purpose mentioned in the petition, and Mr. Beveridge, having, agreeable to appoint- ment, come to this town, and declared his instructions to said committee, and the piiblic being duly notified by intimation from the pulpit, on two Sabbaths before the day appointed for the moderation, agreeable to the rule of the church in such cases, and the people being met at the meeting-house this day for the aforesaid pur- pose, after sermon by the reverend, the modera- tor, proceeded, by calling for a nomination, when the Eev. Mr. David Goodwillie being nominated by one of the elders, and upon the question being put, 'Do the people of this town make choice of the Eev. David GoodwilKe for their minister 1 ' when there appeared upwards of forty for the affirmative ; and the question, ' Who are against the Eev. David Goodwillie ? ' being put three several times, and none appearing, the moderator was pleased to declare the Eev. David Goodwillie duly elected, and a call to the said Mr. Goodwillie to take the ministerial charge of this congregation presented and duly subscribed, in the presence of the moderator and witnesses, the tenor whereof, is as follows, viz : — "We, the subscribers, elders, trustees, and other members of the Associate Congregation of Barnet, in the State of Vermont, who have acceded to the Lord's cause as professed and maintained by the 286 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Associate Presbytery of I'ennsylvaiiia, taking into our serious consideration tlie great loss we sutler through the want of a fixed gospel ministry among us, and being fully satisfied that the great Head of the Church has bestowed on you, the Reverend Mr. Goodwillie, a minister of the gospel, and member of the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania, those gifts and ministerial endowments which, with the exercise of them, will, through the blessing of the Holy Spirit, be profitable for our edification, —we therefore call and beseech you to take the oversight of this congregation, to labor in it and watch over it as that part of Christ's flock under your immediate charge; and we promise that, according to what is required in the Holy Scriptures, we will conscien- tiously endeavor to give a ready obedience to the Lord's message delivered by you, and to aid and support you in his work. And we hereby desire and entreat this Eeverend Presbytery, under whose inspection we are, and to whom we present this our call, to sustain the same, and take the ordinary steps, with all due expedition, to have the said Mr. Goodwillie settled among us. In testimony whereof we have subscribed this our call at our church iu Barnet, on the fifth day of July, A.d. 1790, before these witnesses, Jonathan Elkins, Jacob Guy, and Ephraim r oster, all of Peacham. William Uilkerson, Andrew Lang, "Wm. Warden, Alexander Gilchrist, James Orr, John McCallum, Ezekiel Manchester, John Mclndoe, Robert Mclndoe, James Gilchrist, JohnWaddel, Bartholomew Somers, James Ferguson, Archibald McLaughlin, John Mc- STabb, James Warden, William Innis, Alexander Lang, John Gilkerson, David Moor, Alexander Thompson, Samuel Huston, Edward Pollard, Hugh Ross, William Maxwell, William Lang, John Gilker- son, John Ross, William Shaw, Thomas Gilfillan, John McLaren, Geo. Garland, Bartholomew Somers, William Warden, Caleb Stiles, Noah Halladay, William Gilfillan, Jr., Wilham Hindman, John Galbraith, Cloud Somers, James McLaren, Andrew Lackie, Elijah Hall, Jr., John Robertson, John Shaw, Jr., William Gilfillan, Sen., Robert Laird, Robert Blair. John Shaw, \ Robert Twaddel, KMders. Archibald Stuart, ) James Gilchrist, John Waddel, James Cross, John Hindman, William Shearer, Wm. Stevenson, Jonathan Elkins, Jacob Guy, Ephraim Foster Trustees. :\ Witnesses. The above subscriptions, in number fifty-seven, are attested to be genuine. Thomas Bbveeidqe, Minister. Barnet, July 5, 1790. We, the subscribers, belong- ing to the town of Ryegate, in the State of Vermont, though we cannot join in the call given to the Reverend Mr. David Goodwillie by the people of Barnet, not being within the bounds of that congre- gation, yet, as we expect some part of Mr. Good- willie's labors will be among us, do hereby testify our concurrence with our brethren in the said call, and our readiness to join with them in endeavoring to aid and support the said Mr. Goodwillie in the Lord's work. John Gray, William Nelson, Jr., William Craig, Andrew Brock, Alexander Jliller, James Henderson, WiUiam Nelson. James McKinley, John Wallace, James Nelson, Hugh Gardner, William Craig. Barnet, July 5, 1790. The petition of the elders and trustees belonging to the town of Barnet, hum- bly showeth — That whereas the congregation have given a call to Reverend Mr. Goodwillie, we entreat that the Presbytery proceed as quickly as possible to forward his settlement among us, and that, until this is done, he may be appointed to supply this place with sermon, and we hereby appoint Mr. Beveridge as our commissioner to give tho Presbytery what further information may be judged necessary, and that the Lord may direct you in this and all other matters, is, and through grace shall be, the prayer of your petitioners. James Gilchrist, John Hindman,' John Shaw, William Stevenson, James Cross, Robert Twaddel, William Shearer, John Waddel, Archibald Stuart. New York, Oct. 21, 1790. Which day and place the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania met, and was constituted with prayer by Mr. Beveridge, the moderator. Present: Messrs. AVilliam Marshall, James Clarkson, John Anderson, Archibald White, ministers, and Andrew Wright from New York, and Thomas Cummings from Cambridge, ruling elders. The moderator, acting as commissioner for the con- gregation of Barnet, in the State of Vermont, pre- sented a call given by that congregation to the Rev. David Goodwillie, and also gave an account of his conduct iu fulfilling the appointment laid upon him at last meeting to moderate in said call. The Pres- bytery having been satisfied as to the minister's maintenance in that congregation, the question being put, "Approve of Mr. Beveridge's conduct or not ? " it was carried unanimously, "Approve." Presbytery then proceeded to the consideration of the aforesaid call, and a member having been em- ployed in prayer for the Lord's blessing and direc- tion in this important matter, the question was put, " Sustain or not the call given by the congregation of Barnet to the Rev. Mr. Goodwillie?" The roll being called, it was carried unanimously, "Sustain." Wherefore the Presbytery did, and hereby do, sus- tain the call given to the Rev. Mr. Goodwillie by the congregation of Barnet. And in consequence of this determination, and in answer to a petition from the said congregation, presented also by the moder- ator, the Presbytery appoint this call to be presented to Mr. Goodwillie, and that, upon his acceptance of the same, he be admitted to that pastoral charge, according to the rules of the church, on the eighth day of February next. The Presbytery further appoint Mr. Beveridge to preside in said admission, and Mr. Anderson to preach after it. Barnet, at the house of James Cross, Feb. 8 (1791), forenoon, which day and place the Presbytery being met, according to appointment of last meeting, and constituted with prayer by Mr. Beveridge, moderator. Present: Messrs.Goodwillie and Anderson, ministers, and James Small from Cambridge, and John Shaw from Barnet, ruling elders. The minutes of the last meeting having been read, relating to the call from the congregation of Barnet, and containing an ap- pointment of this interim meeting, the call was pre- sented to Mr. Goodwillie, and he having accepted it, an edict having been served first on the pre- ceding Sabbath and at the opening of this meeting, the Presbytery, after waiting a considerable time, and finding no objection offered, proceeded to the admission of Mr. Goodwillie to the pastoral charge of the congregation of Barnet. Public worship be- ing then begun in the same place, and a sermon preached by the moderator from 1 Cor. iii. 7, on these words, "God giveth the increase," the questions in the formula for ministers, excepting the seventh, were put to Mr. Goodwillie, and he was admitted, according to the usual form, as minister of the aforesaid congregation ; and after a charge given by EARlSnET. 287 the moderator to the minister, elders, and people, the public work of the day was concluded by Mr. Anderson with a sermon from Acts xxvi. 22. " Having- obtained help of God, I continue unto this day witnessing." The public assembly being dismissed, the Presbytery closed with prayer. A true copy. Certified by William Marshall, Moderator. [This account may be considered by many long, as indeed it is ; but it takes up and fully explains the Scotch Presbyterian mode of settlement of pastors, etc., a part of our ecclesiastical State history, hereto- fore quite untouched, and which will not need be again described at length in any town. — Ed.] After the settlement of the minister, for the period of 12 or 15 years the church of Bamet had trials arising from dissensions among a few individuals, and one or two difficult and doubt- ful cases of discipline, in consequence of which a few individuals left the congregation. But even during this period the church continued to flourish, the number of its members being in- creased more than threefold. Though the coun- try was new and money scarce, the congregation contributed liberally eveiy year for the payment of the incidental expenses. After this time of trial the church continued to flourish in greater peace and purity. Erom the foundation of this church to this time, every year, quarterly meet- ings of the pastor, elders, and deacons, for prayer and praise and the government of the church, have been regularly held. Every year two public fasts were kept, one rela- ting to the congregation, and the other to the sins and troubles of the nation and the world. Indeed, the influence of true religion has been so long and so much felt that there are probably few places in the country where the sanctuary has been more generally and punctually attended and the sacred Sabbath better observed. This church, from the beginning to this time, has contributed liberally to the funds of the Presbytery, Synod, and Gen- eral Assembly, to which they are subject, for the purpose of supporting and extending the cause of Christ. Their minister's salary was augment- ed to £80, which was raised generally by a town tax, but sometimes by voluntary subscriptions, when almost every tax-payer in the town sub- scribed liberally. In 1805, the pastoral relation between the minister and town was dissolved by mutual consent. In the same year the town chose the minister to represent them in the State Legislature. In that year also the Presbyterian Society of Bamet was incorporated by the Legis- latm'e, which paid the minister's salary as long as he lived. The members of the church of Bamet, in full communion when the sacrament of the Lord's Supper was first dispensed in Caledonia County, September 25, 1791, were 46; in '92, 68 ; in '96, 91 ; in '97, 97 ; in '98, 111 ; in 1802, 117 ; in '13, 140 ; in '23, 182 : and in '30, when Mr. Goodwillie died, more than 200. During his ministry in Barnet more than 400 persons were enrolled as members, besides probably more than 150 in Ryegate, under his pastoral care from 1790 to 1822. Since the present pastor's ordination and set- tlement as Ms father's assistant and successor, September 27, 1826, more than 250 persons have become members of this church. In 1840, how- ever, the congregation was divided, and Eev. James McAi-thur ministered to one part at Ste- vens's Village, one half of his time, from 1846 to '57. The whole numbers of members at pres- ent belonging to the United Presbyterian Church in Barnet is about 200, besides some who reside in adjacent towns. Nine persons connected with the Associate Con- gregation of Bamet have become ministers of the gospel, viz : Rev. D. Chassell, D.D., who gradu- ated at Dartmouth College in 1810; Eev. Peter Shaw, Rev. Robert Shaw, Rev. Thomas Goodwil- lie, and Rev. David Goodwillie, the sons of the pastor, who graduated in Dartmouth College in 1820 ; Rev. William Galbraith, a son of one of the elders, who graduated at Union College, N. Y., and settled as a minister of the Associate Church in Freeport, Pa.; Rev. Thomas Gilkev- son, who graduated at JeiFerson College, Pa., became a minister of the Associate Church, and settled in Conemaugh, Pa.; Rev. William C. Somers, who graduated at Union College, N. Y., and is now settled as the pastor of the United Presbyterian Congregation of Hobart, N. Y.; and Rev. Robert Samuel, who graduated at Dartmouth College in 1856. Mr. Gilkerson's father is now one of the elders of the church in which he has held office about 50 years. He was the first person who sub- scribed Mr. Goodwillie's call in 1790, and has been long in office in the town, being a magis- trate for many years and representing the town seven times in the Legislature of the State. The Associate Presbyterian Congregations of Barnet and Ryegate belonged to the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania from the time that these congregations applied to that Presbytery for a minister till May 21, 1801, when the Asso- ciate Synod of North America was organized, when they were included in the Associate Pres- bytery of Cambridge, N. Y., then formed. To this Presbytery they belonged till July 10, 1840, and the Associate Presbytery of Vermont, in- cluding all the ministers and congregations in Ver- mont belonging to the Synod, was constituted at Bamet by Rev. Thomas Goodwillie, senior min- ister according to the decree of the Associate Synod. The Presbytery of Vermont has be- longed, since May, 1858, to the General Assem- bly of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, then formed by the union of the Asso- ciate and Associate Reformed Synods. EEV. DAVID GOODWILLIE, AND FAMILY. Rev. David Goodwillie was born in Tans- hall, in the parish of Ivinglassie, Fifeshire, Scot- land. The mansion in which he was born stands 2S8 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. a little south of the highway between Leslie, on the Levcn River, and tlie church of Kinglassie, and distant from each place about half a mile. It commands an extensive prospect, Edinburgh, 15 miles to the south, being seen in a clear day. Here the good-natured Goodwillie family (as their neighbors called them) dwelt for five successive generations for more than 150 years. His great-grandfather lived in times of persecu- tion, and encountered the opposition of the curate. His father, grandfiither, and great-grandfather were "smiths" by trade. His grandfather,* David Goodwillie, was baptized October 15, 1665, and died November 7, 1745, aged 80 years. He was a member of the Established Church of Scotland and a ruling elder in the parish of Kin- glassie, and was buried in its churchyard. He was married to Elizabeth Dewar, who died No- vember 10, 1739, aged 65 years. They had four children, who survived them, — two sons, David and James, and two daughters, Christian and Elizabeth. They were possessed of considerable property in land and "movables." Their young- est son, James Goodwillie, inherited the " mova- bles." He was a member of the Established Church of Scotland, and a ruling elder in the Paiish of Kinglassie, whose minister was ]\Ir. Currie, who at first decidedly favored the cause of the Ers- kines and others who seceded from the Established Church of Scotland on account of grave ciTors in doctrine and practice, which the General Assem- bly of that church refused to condemn and cor- rect ; but who afterwards strenuously opposed by his writings the secession or Associated Clmrch of Scotland, which cause his niling elder espoused as the cause of God, and therefore left the Estab- lished Church and joined the Associate Chm-ch and became a member of the Associate Congre- gation of Abemethy, 12 miles distant from his residence. But when the Associate Congi-ega- tion of Leslie was organized, he became a member and elder, and so continued till his death. He was widely known and highly esteemed as an intelligent and pious man. His letters to liis childi'en show that he exercised himself unto godliness and entertained a deep concern that the glory of God should be promoted in his own and their spiritual and eternal welfare. He was married to Slary Davidson, December 26, 1748, who was a helpmeet to him in things both tem- poral and spiritual. They had eight children, foru: sons and four daughters, three of whom died young. The parents were diligent in "bringing up their children in the nurture and admonition of the Lord," and had the satisfaction of seeing * We are aware this part of the sketch is not strict- ly Vermont history, yet we have 6uch an accurate history of tliis old Scotch settlement, reversing the order and running from the present backward into the past, that it is much like an inclination felt when standing at the lower end of a picture gallery, to let our eye sweep up through the vista as far as our un- broken vision may extend. — Ed. their surviving children become members of the church, and hearing one son preach the everlast- ing gospel. The father died of dropsy, which for a long time affected one of his lower limbs. One day, when rather worse than usual, he called all the family together and prayed with them, after which he told tlie children that he had taken sol- emn baptismal vows for them, which, as he had received help from God, he had endeavored to fulfil by liis instructions and example, and then solemnly warned them that if they did not live a life of faith and holiness the blame would rest upon themselves. He was born in 1709, and died on the Sabbath day, Jauuaiy 6, 1782, aged 73 years, and was buiied in the cliurchyard of Kinglassie. Two or three days before his death, while lying still on his bed, he broke out in a rapture, saying he was full of the joy of the Holy Spirit, and inquired when the Sabbath would come, expressing " a desii'e to depart and be with Christ." His son, having been ap- pointed to preach at a distant place the Sabbath liis father died, on the Saturday before his depart- ure, called the family togethei', and having sung Psalm xxiii. and prayed, took his farewell. Extract from a letter of Rev. David Goodwil- lie to his brother in America, wiitten at this time. . . . . " Our father finished his pilgrimage on earth on the sixth of January last. He died a peaceful death at 8 o'clock on Sabbath morn- ing, in the presence of our mother, brother, and sisters, and was buried on Tuesday, the eighth, in the family burial-place. His senses remained to the last. Great patience, Clu'istian resignation, and other religious exercises were manifest during the whole of his last affliction, wliich lasted for about three weeks. Thus, my dear brother, has the Lord of life been pleased to remove from the troubles of this vain world, and, as we confidently hope, taken to the full enjoyment of himself forever, one of the best of parents, who, in a careful manner, gave us Chiistian instruction, and guided us by his good example. Our loss is great, but his gain by this happy change is far greater. Blessed be the God of grace and consolation, we are not left to mourn as those who have no hope. " Mark the perfect man and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace." "Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saints." Let this lead us to take faith's view of him who died for us, and to a firm confidence in the everlasting Father for the supply of all our wants, spiritual and temporal. Let us be con- cerned to be ready to enter into the joy of om* Lord, for we know not how soon we may be called to go hence. Let us live by faith in " Christ who died and rose again." How full of consolation are the following subjects on which I have lately been led to mediti-.te ! Rom. Aiii. 18. " For I reckon that the suffer- BARNET. 289 ings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory Wiiit.-h shall be revealed in us." Phil. i. 21. "For me to live is Christ, and to die is gain." 2 Tim. i. 10. " Jesus Chiist hath abolished death, and brought life and immoi-tality to light by the gospel." Rev. David Goodwillie was the first-bom of his father's family, and was baptized Dec. 31, 1749, by Eev. John Erskine, son of Rev. Eben- ezer Erskine, who was the first minister of the Associate Presbyterian Congregation of Leslie, to which the family belonged. His eldest sister, Elizabeth, was bom in 1753, and married to James Blythe, an elder of the Associate Congregation of Abemethy, Sept. 1, 1775, and died in 1836. His brother Joseph, bom April 3, 1751, emi- grated to America about the year 1773, and died in Bamet, Eeb. 24, ISOS. His sister Christian, bom July 26, 1758, was married to "William Coventrie, a member of the Associate Congregation of Abemethy, where she died Feb. 14, 1806. His brother James, born July 16, 1760, was married, had a large family, and lived to old age. His mother died in Leslie, Scotland, June 25, 1806, at an advanced age, and was buried in the churchyard of Kiaglassie. She was a Ckristian mother indeed, and took a deep interest in the temporal and spiritual welfare of her children. She sm-vived her husband 24 years, and was sep- arated, 18 years before her death, from her first- bom, for whom she entertained a high esteem and strong attachment, and he proved his filial affection and regard by conti'ibuting liberally to her support as long as she lived, though his sal- ary was not large, and his family increasing. It is probable that Mr. GoodwUlie was en- gaged at manual labor till about 18 years of age, when he began to study, with a -view to the sacred ministry, and prosecuted his academical education at Alloa, and finished it at the Univer- sity of Edinburgh. He studied theology under Professor Moncrief, at Alloa, where the Theolog- ical Seminary of the Associate Synod was estab- lished. For support when prosecuting his studies he successfully engaged in teaching, and taught at Ryelaw near Leslie, and Easter Fernie, near Capar, ia Fifeshire. After he had passed through the usual course of academical and theological studies, the Asso- ciate Synod recommended him to be taken on trial for license. His trials having proved satis- factory, he was licensed to preach the everlasting gospel by the Associate Presbytery of Eirkcaldy in the beginning of October, 1778. The next month he went to L-eland, where he remained preaching to the congregations of the Associate Church in that country for nearly a year, when he returned to Scotland. In September, 1785, he went to the north of England, where he con- tinued more than a year, preaching in Westmore- land and Cumberland. The rest of the time till his emigration to America, he was employed in preaching in the different Presbyteries of the Associate Church in Scotland. He kept a list of all the times and places when and where he officiated, and the texts of Scripture on wliich he preached at these times and places, from which it appears that he was diligent in fulfilling the appointments of the Associate Synod in sending him to the different Presbyteries, and of these Presbyteries in sending bim to preach to the con- gregations under their jurisdiction. His ac- quaintance and coiTCspondence with the ministers and preachers of the Associate Synod of Scot- land, were extensive. In consequence of application for preachers, made by the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylva- nia to the Associate Synod in Scotland, and a petition fi-om the chm'ch and town of Bamet, preferred to that synod, to send them a preacher, that Synod recommended him and the Rev. A. White to go to the assistance of that Presbytery. With this recommendation he com- plied. Taking a sorrowful farewell of his mother, sisters, brother, and many friends, both lay and clerical, he sailed fi-om Greenock, March 15, 1788, in com]3any with Rev. A. White, two other gentlemen, and five ladies as cabin passen- gers. After a passage of 51 days, he arrived at New York the fifth of May following, where he remained preaching till the last week of the month, when he went to Philadelphia, Pa., to meet with the Associate Presbytery of Pennsyl- vania. He was an important and seasonable acquisi- tion to that Presbytery, as urgent calls for preach- ers were numerous and increasing. That he might be qualified to exercise all the functions of a minister of the gospel in the newly organ- ized congregations in which he should be called to labor, the Presbytery determined to ordain bim at an early period, and assigned him subjects for trials for ordination. According to appoint- ment of Presbytery, he preached in June, in Ox- ford and Rocky Creek, Pa., in August in Rock- bridge Co., Va., and in September and October, in MUl Creek, Franklin, Rocky Creek, and other places in Pennsylvania, and attended the Presby- tery of Pennsylvania, at Pequea, Oct. 1, 1788. His trials for ordination having proved satisfac- tory, he was ordained by the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 31, 1788, in the hall of the University of Pennsyl- vania. Rev. Thomas Beveridge presided, and preached fi-om 2 Cor. iv. 1. " Therefore, seeing we have this ministry, as we have received mercy, we faint not." Immediately after which he delivered the charge to him. The sermon and charge were soon printed. Rev. John An- derson, D. D., was ordained by the Presbytery in the afternoon of the same day. Rev. William Marshall presided, and preached on the occasion. After this, Mr. Goodwillie went to New York, where he dispensed the Lord's Supper. In No- 290 VERMONT HISTOmCAL MAGAZINE. vcniber ho arrived iu Cambridge, N. Y., where he labored during the winter, preaching occasion- ally in Argyle and other places in the vicinity. In April, 1789, ho returned to New York and Philadelphia, where he attended a meeting of the Presbjtory, and then went to Carlisle, where he labored the most of May and June, occasionally preaching in Pequea and other congi-cgations in that part of Pennsylvania, and assisting JNIr. Clarkson at his communion on the 24th of May. Returning to Philadelphia, he assisted Mr. Mar- shall at a dispensation of that holy ordinance, June 21st. On the next Sabbath he preached in New York, where he continued to labor till Sep- tember, when he went to Cambridge, where, ac- cording to the appointment of Presbytery, he presided at the installation of Rev. Thomas Bev- eridge, and delivered to him the pastoral charge. From Cambridge, probably after the meeting of the Presbytery there, Oct. 1, 1789, he returned to New York, where ho attended a meeting of Presbytery, Oct. 19, with Messrs. Marshall, Beveridge, Anderson, and White. His call to Barnet, and settlement there, in 1781, we have already related in the ecclesiastical record of Bamet. During these transactions in Bamet Mr. Good- willie went back to New York, where he was April 10, 1790, and proceeded to Philadelphia, where he assisted Mr. Marshall at the commun- ion, April 25. In May he probably preached in the vacant congregations west of Philadelphia, as we find he was at Marsh Creek, where he manicd his friend and companion. Rev. A. White to Margaret Kerr, May 27, 1790. In the first part of June he visited Alexandria and Fredericksburg, Va., and returned to Philadel- phia, where he was mamed to Miss Beatrice Henderson, July 7, 1 790. They went to New York before the end of that month, and proceeded to Bamet, where they amved about the 12th of September, 1790. They lodged at first at John Hindman's for a few days, after which they resided, till the close of 1791, with John Ross, who lived near the south end of Ross Pond. The charter of the town gave one share or right of land to the first settled minister of the gospel. As he was the first settled in the town and county, he obtained this right, which con- sisted of 340 acres of land, situated in three different parts of the town. A lot of 100 acres lay nearly a mile southeast of the centre of the town, four acres of which, on the northwest cor- ner of the lot, were cleared when he moved into town. Ho gave to " tlie Presbyterian Society of Barnet," two acres on the northeast corner of which were the meeting-house and graveyard. 200 acres lay about a mile southeast from the centre of the town. Another lot of forty acres of inferior land lay on a liill east of the Pas- sumpsic, above the fiills near the mouth of the river. In order to obtain a better site for build- ing, he purchased a piece of land on the north- west line of the first-mentioned lot, on which he erected a largo frame house, into which he moved, Dec. 20, 1791. For about 12 or 16 years after he settled in Barnet, he had two difiicult and doubtful cases of discipline, but his faith, patience, and perse- verance finally triumphed over all discourage- ments. Ml'. Beveridge, that " good servant of Jesus Christ," who had similar tiials, wiites to him at different times. " Vert dear Sir: Lotus not be discouraged with trials and temptations, but let us consider thom ns means by which the Lord fits instruments lor bis ser- vice. I feel in some measure tlic afflictions of my brethren. Let us be cheerful under them." " We must set our faces to the storm. If we faithfully serve the Lord, suffering for him, and with him, we shall reign with him. In a little while all these things which cause us grief and pain in this world shall be to us no more. I hope if we attend to our Master's service, he will not leave us without evi- dences, both of his fatherly care iu providing for our wants, and of his gracious presence with us in liis service. The more cheerful, we are iu his work, all things will go the better with us." In 1804, a communication written by a clergy- man of another denomination, and residing in an adjoining State, was published, in which the congregation of Bai-net was said to be " a worldly sanctuary," and " no church of Christ." This occasioned a correspondence, which is still preserved, and which manifests that while Mr. Goodwillie was a man able to defend the right, ho was still the Christian, full of candor, charity, and meekness. Indeed, he used arguments, drawn from reason and revelation, so poweifnlly, and applied the facts in the case so forcibly, that the calumniator of the congregation of Bamet was constrained to confess that " they were a body of Christians highly and generally re-- spected." Clergymen of another denomination, who, both in their discourses and publications, opposed the government of the United Stales as no ordi- nance of God, both from the pulpif and press, traduced Mr*. Goodwillie as a traitor to the church of Scotland. But he was a firm friend of civil and religious liberty, and held fast the standards of the church of Scotland, as founded on the word of God. While he was a student in his native country, he favored the cause of the United States, then nobly struggling for their independence. Moreover, ho never belonged to the Established Church of Scotland, but to the Associate Church, which, both in Scotland and America, testified against the en-ors of the Established Church, but held fast "the refor- mation principles of the Cluirch of Scotland." Yet notwithstanding these asper.'^ions, ho contin- ued to prosper in his ministerial labors till death dissolved the pastoi-al relation to his congrega- tion, which he left in a prosperous condition; and it is remarkable that the congi-egations of all those clergymen who misrepresented him and his I congregation, rejected them long before their BAENET. 291 death. Here it may also be proper to add that he observed through life the rule "to speak evil of no man." When he was defamed he made no defence, following a more excellent and effectual way ; " when he was reviled, he reviled not again, but committed himself to Him who judgeth righteously," and obeyed the inspired injunction, "with well-doing put to silence the ignorance of foolish men." During this long period of trial he did not labor in vain, for, as it has been before stated, the communicants numbered threefold more than at his settlement ; and after this there were annual accessions till his death, when there were more than 200 living members. The whole number enrolled under his ministry in Barnet was more than 400. When the call for him was executed in Bar- net, July 5, 1790, it will be remembered that 12 members from the congregation of Ryegate attended and signed a paper of adherence to the call, expecting to receive a portron of his labors. That congregation received a sixth part of pas- toral services till the autumn of 1 822, when they obtained a settled minister. The records of that church were lost, but it is supposed that more than 150 members were admitted during that time, as the congregation was so strong that they gave a preacher a call in 1809, who accepted one from another congregation, and in 1814 gave another preacher a call, who had some thoughts of accepting it, but was also settled in another congregation. So that during his ministry for about 40 years in Barnet, and 32 in Ryegate, nearly 600 persons were enrolled members of these two congregations. During the whole of his ministry, even to old age, he was diligent, not only in preaching on the Sabbath, and visit- ing the sick, but every year paid a pastoral visit to the families of the congregations of both Bar- net and Ryegate, and publicly catechised the parents and childi-en in meetings in different parts of these two towns. The number of his baptisms of infants and adults amounts to sev- eral hundred. Once he baptized a child of the fifth generation, all living. When he was town- minister of Barnet he made a pastoral visit every year to every family in town. On one occasion a woman, the head of the household, refused to receive him as a minister. When departing, he turned round at the door of her house, and wiping his feet on the floor, said to her, " Christ com- manded them whom he ' sent to preach the king- dom of God ' in any house or city to ' shake off the very dust of their feet for a testimony against them who would not receive them nor hear their words,' and to depart saying, ' notwithstanding, be ye sure of this, the kingdom of God is come near to you.'" But the truth and grace of God soon prevailed, for what was said and done bad such an effect that the woman soon professed her faith in Christ, and he baptized her and her chil- dren, and she continued till lier death an exem- plary member of his church. His list of marriages amounts to nearly 200. In answer to petitions sent from Canada, for preaching, the Presbytery appointed him to go on a mission to the petition- ers. He left home Jan. 18, 1798, and went more than 150 miles beyond Montreal, and preached to them a few Sabbaths, and returned Feb. 24, having travelled nearly 600 miles in the winter. During this prolonged period of trial he was called in God's gracious providence to endure two grievous losses, one of a public and the other of a domestic nature, — the death of his well-be- loved brother, Mr. Beveridge, with whom he was most intimately associated in the ministry, and the death of two of his own children, vv^hich mouniful events took place in his own house nearly at the same time. The sacrament of the Lord's Sup- per Avas dispensed to the congregation of Barnet the First Day, being the first Sabbath of July, 1798. Mr. Beveridge came to assist on that oc- casion. Coming through Ryegate he took a drink of water, which sickened him and issued in dysentery. Though much indisposed wlien he arrived in Barnet, he preached on Saturday be- fore the communion. On the Sabbath his dis- ease had increased to such a degree that he was obliged to sit while he served two tables, and after the sacred ordinance was dispensed he preached an excellent and very affecting sermon from John xvii. 11 : " And now I am no more in the world, but these are in the world, and I come to thee." This was his last appearance in pub- lic ; and though conflicting with a mortal mala- dy, his talents and piety seerfed to shine with uncommon lustre, while he addressed the people with all the fervor of a dying man. He was un- able to attend public worship on the thanksgiv- ing on Monday. It was not till three weeks after this that he died, and all hopes of his recovery were Hot lost till the evening before his death. During these three weeks he was chiefly employed in prayer and reading the Scriptures ; and when unable to read he employed one of the elders who waited on him, to read such passages of the Bible as he pointed out, on which he frequently made observations as they went along. William Gil- kerson, of Barnet, was sent to inform his family and congregation of his sickness, and they imme- diately sent James Small and Robert Oliver, two of the elders, to him. The disease extended to Mr. Goodwillie's fam- ily, and two of his children died on Saturday, July 7th, the anniversary of their parents' mar- riage. The children were laid in one grave. Mr. Goodwillie himself, ere the tliii-d Sabbath of the month, was seized with the same disorder, which pi-evailed and proved very mortal iu the town at that time. Btit such was Mrs. Good- willie's exemplary prudence and tenderness, that notwithstanding Mr. Beveridge was the means of bringing the disorder into the family, of which two of her children died,«he was unremitting in kindness to him ; and though an affectionate 292 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. mother, never slied a tear in liis sight, for fear of hurting his sensibility. On the third Sabbath a number of people gathered to the house wliere the two distressed ministers lay. Mr. Bever- idge's heart was so touched with compassion to- wards them, who were, at that time, like sheep ■without a slieplierd, that he insisted on being per- mitted to preach to them. Notwithstanding the entreaty of his friends, who still had some hopes of his I'ecovery, he roused himself once more and sat up in the bed, around which the people gath- ered, and after praise and prayer, preaclicd a well-connected and very practical sermon from Psalm xxxi. 23, " Oh love the Lord, all ye his saints ! " This discourse was delivered vnth great fervor of spirit, and in the application he did, in a veiy pathetic manner, exhort the people of Barnet to study peace among themselves, and to continue steadfast in their religious profession ; warned them of the danger of apostasy, and said that if any of them should continue their conten- tious, which he hadbefore endeavored to remove, he would be a witness against them in the day of judgment. He preached about an hour, and, after prayer and praise, dismissed the congrega- tion. This exertion was far too great for his strength. In the evening he grew worse, the fever increased, and before midnight all hopes of liis recovery were lost. He was fully sensible of his situation, and continued in this state till near the dawn of day, when the storm was changed into a calm. To the astonishment of his attend- ants, he sat up in bed and said, " I am a dying man, and dying ftist ; as to bodily pain, I am free of it. It is well that I am not afraid to die." Mr. Goodwillie was then called up from his bed of sickness. When he and his family were come into the room, Mr. Beveridge said lie would pray ^vith them once more before he died ; and then stretching forth his hands and speaking as fully and distinctly and with as much composure as when in perfect health, addressed the throne of grace, praying for the church of Christ in general and the Associate Church in particular ; for his own congregation (in Cambridge, N. Y.) ; especially for the rising generation ; for his bretlircn in the ministry, Mr. Marshall in Pliiladelphia and Mr. Goodwillie by name, that they might be supported under the trials they had met with in their congregations and families ; and for those who had so faitlifully attended liim during his illness ; and then, hav- ing commended his soul into the hand of God who gave it, concluded his pathetic and heart- melting prayer with these words : " The prayers of Thomas Beveridge are now ended." After this he addi-essed the company around him and exhorted Mr. Goodwillie, who was a ten- der-hearted man and an affectionate father, not to give way to excessive grief for the loss of his children, as he would find their death among the things that were working together for good ; thanked him and Mrj. Goodwillie for their kind- ness shown to him in his illness, and desired him, when he wrote to Mr. Marshall in Philadel- phia, to inform him that he had not forgotten him in his last moments. He then addressed others in the company, according to the various trials they had passed through, — in which he discovered the most perfect recollection. After which he lay do^vn and desired two persons to sit by him, one on each side, and requested the rest of the company to withdraw. In the fore- noon he lay peifectly at ease ; in the aftenioon, grcw worse and took little notice of any person, but called Mr. Goodwillie and asked him if he knew what time the Son of Man would come. He replied that he thought about 10 o'clock the ensuing night, or at furthest at midnight; to which Mr. Beveridge replied, "I know now," after which he lay still. In the evening he seemed to revive, and as dis- tinctly as from the pulpit, repeated twice that re- markable passage, "/ hww that my Redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth ; and though after my shin worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God ; whom I shall see for myself, and mine eyes shall behold, and not another ; though my reins be consumed within me." After this he gradually sank, and about 10 o'clock expired, without a struggle, a sigh, or groan. He lies buried in the churchyard at Baniet, in Mr. Goodwillie's burial-place, where his congregation erected a monument, with an appropriate inscription, which contains the orig- inal Hebrew of the passage, " / know that my Re- deemer liveth." The death of this eminent servant of Christ was deeply felt by Mr. and Mrs. Goodwillie, as he was their intimate friend, and as there were at that time so many urgent calls in the Associate Church for such sound, able, and faithful minis- ters. Mrs. Goodwillie, who was " a mother in Israel " indeed, expressed her pious public spirit on this mournful occasion by saying, that her loss by the death of her two childi-en in one day was not to be compared to the loss of the church by the death of Mi'. Beveridge. One of Mr. GoodwilUe's elders said that he would have willingly died in Mr. Beveridge's stead had it been the will of God to spare him to preach the gospel. Mr. Oliver, after he returned home to Cam- bridge, writes, after describing the saddening effect of the news of Mr. Beveridge's death on liis wife and congregation, "We all join with her in om- most sincere acknowledgments to you and Mrs. Goodwillie for your great care and kindness to the deceased and to us. We are anxious to hear of your recovery and Mary's, and how it fares with Mrs. Goodwillie after so much toil and trouble both in body and mind." Mr. Marshall,who was ministering to the bereaved congregation at that time, writes : " My salutations to you, who are like Joseph, separated from your ministerial brethren. Eememberme in a particular manner BAENET. 293 to your dear yoke-fellow, whose praise is in this church for her many. gifts and graces." Mr. and Mrs. Goodwillie, in 1802, were called to lament their loss by the death of Eev. William Marshall, of Philadelphia, another eminent min- ister of the Associate Church, and their kind and faithful friend, highly esteemed and well-be- loved. On account of the distance from his residence to the places where the Synod and Presbyteries of Pennsylvania and Cambridge met,Mr. Goodwillie was not frequently present, which Avas regretted by both himself and his brethren. He wished to attend to the duties of a Presbyter, and they wished to have his counsel and advice, as well as to enjoy his company, to encourage and cheer them in the duties and difficulties of the ministry. He was present at the meeting of the Associate Synod in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1803, when he was chosen moderator; in 1804, 1807, 1809, and in 1824, when he was appointed to preach the Synod ser- mon in the absence of the moderator. So highly was he esteemed for his wisdom and understanding of the doctrine and order of the chui'ch of Christ that the Synod appointed him to make " a book of church government and disci- pline," which, after a few amendments and addi- tions, was enacted by the Synod as " a standing rule," and which is still in force. In his large collection of papers were found more than 1,000 letters, preserved to this time. The most of these were written by ministers of the Associate Church, both in Scotland and America, with some of whom the correspondence was main- tained till death. We find letters from Rev. Adam Gibb, Rev. John Jamieson, D.D., and also from Alexander Pringle, D.D., with whom he corre- sponded till his death. We also find letters from Rev. William Marshall, Eev. Thomas Bever- idge. Rev. John Anderson, D.D., with whom he corresponded till their death ; Rev. A. White, Rev. Francis Pringle, Eev. Thomas Hamilton, Rev. John Banks, D.D., and most of the other ministers of the Associate Church in this country at an early period. Prom one of these clergy- men he received nearly 300 letters in about 20 years. The letters of very many of his coitc- spondents show that the writers were men of su- perior intelligence and piety, and many quota- tions might be made from them to show their high esteem of Mr. Goodwillie. They refer to liis company and conversation as having been so agreeable and edifying, and thank him for his let- ters, as giving them so much pleasure and profit, that they desire a continuance of his correspond- ence and the enjoyment of his company. Mr. Goodwillie seemed, indeed, well qualified for the station and relations in the church in which a gracious Providence had placed him. His men- tal endowments were suited to his circumstances, and were highly acceptable and advantageous to the people among whom he labored. From^his knowledge of human nature, he accurately dis- cerned the characters of men, and estimated and treated them according to their real worth ; and was generally regarded by them to be " a very knowing man ; " moreover, he was known to be amiable, peaceful, and contented ; hence he was frequently consulted by all classes, and, as a blessed peacemaker, through Ms influence many difiiculties were settled. It was his custom on the Sabbath forenoon to expound the Scriptures. In this way he ex- pounded all the New and most of the books of the Old Testament, — drawing inferences and obser- vations, both doctrinal and practical, from the passages expounded. His sermons were sound and sohd, well arranged, and full of the doctrines and duties of religion ; and many of his people became eminent for their faith, holiness, and good works. In the pulpit he was grave and solemn, calm and deliberate in delivery, — a minister of the word who did not aspire after popular applause " with the enticing words of man's wisdom," but who, rather with great plainness of speech, preached the glorious and everlasting gospel of Christ crucified ; while so deeply did his own soul experience the gracious power of the precious truths he taught that he often shed tears while delivering them to others. His last discourse was preached in the new brick meeting-house, Sabbath, July 18, 1830, from Hebrews, respecting the sojourning of Israel in the wilderness for forty years, and the use to wliich the apostle applies it. " There re- maineth, therefore, a rest for the jDCople of God. Let us therefore labor to enter into that rest." The people observed, afterwards, that the dis- course was remarkable, and he was himself deeply affected in delivering it, as he had been nearly 40 years settled in Barnet, and anticipated that his end Avas drawing near. A diary, kept by his son and assistant in the ministry, contains a particular account of his last sickness and death. On Thursday following, he seemed to be overcome by the heat of the weather, which was very oppressive, accompanied with debility and symptoms of cough and congestion of the lungs. For more than a week he Avas often delirious, and unable to converse much, but manifested during his sickness, by being often observed to be engaged in prayer and repeating parts of the Scriptures, that his thoughts Avere occupied Avith the things of God. After this, he greAV worse, and died in the evening of the 12th day of his sickness. In the morning of that day, he became quite sensible ; was aware that he had been delirious, and inquired how long it was since he was taken ill ; how it came upon him ; how long it was since the Lord's Supper had been dis- pensed, and how often he had preached since. He directed his executor to divide his library between his two sons in the ministry. After lying quiet for some time, apparently meditating, he looked up in the face of his son, to Avhom he had formerly observed that he would soon be 294 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. left alone in his ministry, and said, in a calm j but firm tone of voice, " It appears that God, in his providence, is about to put a period to my life and labors, and take me to himself. I acknowledge his goodness to me and my family and connections. Tell my absent children and relatives that I pray for every one of them, and desire that they walk in the ways of the Lord, and that they pray for each other, and especially for those who have been bereaved by death. This affliction has come on me suddenly, and has left me little time for reflection, but it is the will of the Lord, and we should submit to it ■with cheerful readiness. I acknowledge God's goodness to me and the church." He then ex- horted his three children present " to walk by faith." Afterwards, he spoke of his being de- voted to God, and acknowledged his unworthi- ness, but expressed his confidence in the mani- fold mercy of God in Christ. In the afternoon, the delirum returned, and the diflSculty of breath- ing increased, till 6 o'clock, August 2, 1830, when he departed in peace, in the 81st year of his age, having preached the gospel nearly 52 yeai'S. His funeral was attended by a large concourse of people, many of whom were from Eyegate and other toAvns around Barnet. Several clergy- men belonging to adjacent towns were also present. Eev. Wm. Pringle, whose ordination and settlement in Ryegate he had lately attended, and to whom he gave the pastoral charge, read the 19th Psalm, with prayer; and he was in- teiTcd beside his deceased wife and children and fellow-laborer, jNIr. Beveridge. A monument was soon erected near the graves of Mr. and Mrs. Goodwillie, with appropriate inscriptions. The following Sabbath, Rev. Mr. Pringle preached to a large audience an excellent sermon, suited to the solemn occasion, from Psalm cxlii. 5. "/ cried unto thee, Lord; I said. Thou art my refuge and my portion in the land of the living." His death was considered a public loss ; even his acquaintance who survive still revere and cherish his memory, which is blessed. When he was settled in Barnet, the county was new. Except a clergyman of another de- nomination settled about 20 miles south of him, there was not another settled minister of any denomination within GO miles in any other direc- tion. This solitary state continued for 9 years. In 1798, he procured sheet iron, and got his brother, who followed his father's occupation, and had moved his family from Nova Scotia to Barnet in 1793, in order to enjoy his ministry, to make him a stove, wliich for a long time was the first used in this part of the country, and considered a great curiosity and comfort. About the year 1812, he i)rocured from the State of New York a four-wheeled vehicle, wliich was for some years the first carriage o^vned and used in Barnet. In stature he was about 5 feet 10 inches; had a robust frame, and inclined to be corpulent in the decline of life. In his habits he was temperate and regular, and enjoyed generally good health. Thus he was enabled to endure without com- plaint the fatigue of travelling and the inclem- ency of the weather at all seasons, as well as the arduous labors of his ministry for so many years. In the last years of his life, he became deaf to a considerable degree, but his eyesight remained good, so that he could read till the last. He brought from Scotland a good library, mostly composed of theological works, which were much damaged by the carelessness of those who transported them up the Connecticut River, permitting them to get wet. At home, he kept close to the study-room adjoining his library, continuing his labors till midnight, — a practice maintained till near his death. In 1805, as before mentioned, his relation of pastor to the to-\vn was dissolved with mutual consent, the law of the State under which he was settled having been essentially modified. But Ms fellow-citizens soon gave him proofs, which continued through Hfc, of their high esteem, as well as their confidence in his ability and integi'ity, in electing him to three responsible offices. In the autumn of the same year, he was chosen to represent the town in the legislature, which held its session from Oct. 5 to Nov. 8, 1805, at Danville, 7 miles from his residence. He always returned home on Saturday, and preached to his congregation on the Sabbath. In the same year, the Presbyterian Society of Barnet was incorporated, %vhich paid liis salary till his death. In 1807 he was chosen town clerk, and was annually re-elected by the town to that office till 1827, when he declined re-election. The mail was first extended to Barnet in 1808. It was a weekly mail, and ran through the centre of the town. He was appointed the first postmaster in Barnet, and was continued in that office till 1818, when the route was changed to the Connecticut River. His talents for business were great. He was a ready writer, and wrote a good hand, and his transactions were methodical and exact. His residence, being near the centre of the town, was convenient for the inhabitants, and the duties of these offices were light and quickly discharged, and did not interfere with his pastoral duties, which he diligently discharged with punctuality. He labored both pul:)licly and privately till an academy was established in the county, at Peach- am, five miles from his residence, and some years before any otlier clergyman was settled in the county. By the charter he was appointed a tnas- tee, which ofiice he held till 1827, when he re- signed, and the Board of Trustees passed a vote of " thanks to him for his long and faithful ser- vices." He attended all their annual meetings during this period, and was the President of the Board for many years ; and annually chosen one of the examiners, and punctually attended. The BAElSnfiT. 295 pui^ils long remembered their examinations by the venerable minister of Bamet, who was es- teemed the most learned member of the Board of Trustees. Long after his death, the 50th an- niversary of tlie institution was celebrated, being attended by great numbers of its former pupils, from different parts of the United States and Canada. The jubilee lasted for two days. The late Chief Justice of Vermont delivered an ora- tion, and a distinguished lawyer from Massa- chusetts, one of the early pupils, in his speech, eulogized Mr. Goodwillie for his talents, erudi- tion, and piety. James On*, a member of his congregation in Barnet, gave the County Acad- emy $1,000 as a donation. He was charitable, hospitable, generous ; but modest and humble, and did not let his left hand know what his right hand gave to support the poor and spread the gospel. He was a life mem- ber of the Bible Society. He possessed great equanimity and fortitude, — was not uplifted by prosperity or cast down by adversity ; but rather inherited and cultivated through life a pecu- liarly cheerful disj)Osition, insomuch that it was remarked by the most intelligent of his people, that he appeared most cheerful in preaching when under trouble, whether of a public or do- mestic nature. He was esteemed a judicious man, and a faithful, affectionate friend. His brethren in the ministry sought his counsel and company, and the regret was mutual that they were set- tled so far apart. Eev. John Anderson, D.D., who was ordained with him in Philadelphia, and who officiated at his installation in Barnet, was a friend very highly esteemed and beloved for his superior talents, learning, and piety, with whom Mr. Goodv^^illie continued to correspond till the death of Mr. A., not four months before his own, which event deeply affected him as long as he lived. Eev. Andrew Heron, D.D., who was many years clerk of the Associate Synod, -NiTites to one of Mr. Goodwillie's sons with respect to his "venerated father's life and character." "I never heard him preach, but spent some days in his hospitable mansion, in 1814, when he was considerably advanced in life. His kindness and hospitaiity were unbounded. I was delighted and edified with his society and conversation. He had a rich fund of anecdotes, and a pleasing manner of telling them. I have often heard the fathers of the Associate Church, now dead, ex- press their confidence in him and their regard for him. I have often heard my aunt, who emi- grated in the same ship, tell how much she and the rest of the cabin passengers were indebted to his constant pleasantries and liveliness of manner, making the voyage to seem short and agreeable." Besides his inexhaustible fund of good anec- dotes and a good way of relating them, his sal- lies were ready, pertinent, forcible ; and the quick wit of his replies produced sudden bursts of great laughter. When a little child, he wandered from home, and, when returning, was met by his mother searching for him. Fearing chastise- ment, he fell do'svn on his knees before her, held up his hands, and said, " All obedience, mother." Such submission satisfied the mother. When a member of the Legislature of Vermont, his re- plies to the arguments of an opponent were so forcible and facetious, that the whole house was convulsed with laughter, at the opponent's ex- pense, who had the magnanimity not to resent it. One Saturday evening, a young, reckless member moved " that the Legislature adjourn till to-morrow morning," which so shocked the moral sense of the house, that many members turned their eyes on the Scotch minister as a sign for him to defend the sacred Sabbath. He rose and said, " I second the motion," which greatly as- tonished the house ; but he continued, " I second the motion, not because I approve of it, but to have the right to call for the yeas and nays, which I accordingly do, for I wisli it to be kno^vn who in this house are the friends and who the foes of the Sabbath." The mover immediately withdrew the motion, knowing his name would be recorded in the journal and published in the newspapers as an enemy to the Lord's day, which would give him rather a killing notoriety. More than 40 years since, he attended commence- ment of Dartmouth College, after whicli he called on Dr. ShurtlefF, one of the professors, who loved sprightly conversation as well as him- self. While they were engaged in talking, Mr. A., a graduate, entered the room and took the seat of another graduate who had just gone out. Mr. Goodwillie, having been so earnestly engaged in conversation that he did nojt perceive the change, said, " I liked Mr. A.'s speech very well." The doctor said, "I am glad to hear it, and will introduce you to him." Turning to Mr. A., Mr. Goodwillie remarked, immediately after the in- troduction, " I liked your speech very well ; but perha]}s it was not so deep as some of the others." Thus he saved himself in some degree from the impropriety of praishig a person in his presence. Dr. ShurtlefF spoke highly of his public spirit and generosity. One morning at the breakfast table, with a few witty words spoken occasion- ally as he was eating, he kept a brother clergy- man laughing so heartily that he could not get time to eat or drink, which he constantly urged him to do. Mns. Goodwillie was born in Earkcaldy, Eifeshire, Scotland, Jan. 24, 1761. David Hen- derson, her father, widely known for his great zeal and piety, was a member of the Associate Church. He, at first, belonged to the congrega- tion of Ceres, 14 miles distant, but when the Associate Congregation of Kirkcaldy was or- ganized, about 1750, he became a member and was chosen an elder, which office he held till his death, in 1775. It was his custom to rise early in the morning and engage till breakfast in 295 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. reading the Scriptures, self-examination, medita- tion, and prayer, and continued "instant in prayer" through the day. He was a merchant, and it was his custom, when he had placed the goods on the counter, while his customers were examining what to buy, to turn his back upon them and his face to the wall, and engage in prayer. Her mother was a daughter of William Gard- ner of Cupar, Fifeshii-e, who joined the Associ- ate Church and became a member of the con- gregation of Abemethy, 14 miles distant, but afier the congregation of Ceres, in the neighbor- hood of Cupar, was organized, became a mem- ber and continued to adorn his profession till his death in 1772, aged 90 years. He had two chil- dren, daughters, one of whom was man-ied to John Culbcrt, a merchant in Cupar, who had 14 children, one of whom was Rev. John Culbert, a minister of the Associate Synod, who was in France at the time of the Revolution, lost all his property, and narrowly escaped with his life ; and who was acquainted and corresponded with the eminent Rev. Jolm Newton, of London, whose nan-ative he had printed in Scotland in 1783. He died in 1825. Margaret Gardner, the youngest daughter, was man-ied in 1744 to David Henderson. They had 7 children. The youngest was Mrs. Good- willie, whose mother, noted for piety, died when she was but a little child, and her father when she was but 14; but his religious instruc- tions and example had made a powerful and per- manent impression, and having been afterward more thorouglily instructed in the word of God, she joined the congregation of Kirkcaldy. She emigrated to America with Mr. Good- willie in 1788, and resided two years with her brother, David Henderson, of Fredei'icksburg, Va., who came to America before the Revolu- tionary War, in which he suffered great losses, and enlisted in a company commanded by Capt. Washington, a brother of Gen. Washington, with whose mother he was acquainted. Mr. Henderson was a godly and generous man ; for many years a member and ruling elder of the Presbyterian church of Fredericksburg, Va., and died in 1837. Among his many acts of gener- osity was a liberal donation, continued for many years, for the education of two of his sister's sons for the sacred ministry. Miss Henderson was married to Mr. Good- willie July 7, 1790, by Rev. William Marshall, in liis own house in Philadelphia, Pa., and he held her in high esteem during life and made "honorable mention" of her in his life of Mr. Beveridge. To one who had always been accus- tomed to a city life, the change to live in a coun- try newly settled was great ; but she submitted to discomforts cheerfully, that she might be in- strumental for the spiritual interests of those among whom she came to dwell. Ever verj' much concerned that she might be helpful to a man of God in promoting the success of his ministry, she was indeed a gi'cat helpmeet to her husband, in thiugs spiritual as well as tem- poral. So deep an interest did they naturally take in the prosperity of the church, that it was their usual practice to set apart days for fosting, humiliation, and prayer, which they obseiwed in the family, for the peace and prosperity of the congregation, as well as the spiritual interests of the family. She had a female prayer-meeting which met in their house, and was an active member of a female society stiU existing in the congregation, for the puq)Ose of contributing to Bible and missionary societies, and the support of young men studying with a view to the sacred ministry. Her friends who had the best oppor- tunity of knowing her character and hal)its, rep- resent her as conscientiously careful in discharg- ing all personal and domestic duties, much de- voted to prayer and perusal of the Word of God, and greatly enriched with religious experience. She was a faithful and affectionate Christian mother. When her husband was gone from home, she observed family worship ; and so fer- vent were her prayers for her family and the church, that frequently the floor where she bowed down on her knees to pray was wet with her tears. And it appears that when she came to die she was well "exercised unto godliness; " yet her humility was so great that she now es- teemed herself "to be nothing," and lamented that she had not lived a more useful life. But her faith in the gracious promises remained firm, and she had a desire to depart, and repeatedly prayed, " O Lord Jesus, come quickly ! " When dj'ing, her aged husband kissed her, and said, "I resign you to God from whom I received you." She died Feb. 4, 1827, aged 66 years, three years and a half before her liusband. A great concourse of people followed her to the grave. In concluding this history of Bamet, the writer would observe that he obtained materials so abundant that it would require a volume to contain a full history of the town. His chief work has been to examine, select, an-ange, and condense. Besides the use of the town and church records and papers, and the extensive collections of letters, papers, journals, and charts belonging to the late Rev. David Goodwillie, he is indebted to Hon. Walter Han^ey for the letters, papers, jotirual, and chart of his father, Col. Harvey ; to Henry Stevens, Esq., for im- portant maps and documents, and to Willard Stevens, Esq., for the papei*s, letters, lists, jour- nal, and charts of his father, Enos Stevens, Esq. Bamet, March 4, 1861. MR. AND MRS. GOODWILLIE'S FAMILY. BY KEV. AMDBEW HERON, D.D. They had 8 children, four sons and four daughters; of whom one daughter and three BAENET. 207 sons are now living. One of the sons has been long and intimately connected with the church and town of Bamet. Mart Goodwillie was bom Oct. 2, 1792. She was dangerously sick when her brother and sister died, and Mr. Beveridge joined in prayer with the elders that she might be recovered. She lived to become the wife of his successor in his congregation. She was educated at the Caledonia County Academy, and married by her father Sept. 28, 1810, to Kev. Alexander Bullions, D.D., pastor of the Associate Congre- gation of Cambridge. Eev. P. Bullions, D. D., in the life of her eminent and excellent husband, says " she was a woman of uncommon worth and loveliness ; meek, unassuming, patient under many afflictions ; of sincere, unaffected piety, and beloved by all who knew her. She was the mother of 6 children, whom she endeavored to train up to fear and serve the Lord, commending them with much and fervent prayer to Him who gave them. She died in the full assurance of faith, Jan. 4, 1830." Her eldest daughter, a superior woman, was man'ied to the Eev. Wm. Pringle, pastor of the Associate Congregation of Eyegate. Her eldest son, Eev. David G. Bul- lions, graduated at Union College, N. Y. ; became a minister of the Associate Church, and was settled as his father's assistant and successor. The other son graduated at Union College, and became a celebrated physician, having studied his profession in Europe and America. Mildred Goodwillie, born Aug. 1, 1798, was educated in Caledonia County Academy, and married by her father, July 11, 1817, to Eev. John Donaldson, pastor of the Associate Congregation of Florida, N. Y., but afterwards settled in Scroggsfield, Ohio, where she died in 183-, greatly lamented. She deserves the good character given to Mrs. Bullions, whom she greatly resembled. She had 7 children, five of whom are living. Thomas Goodwillie, bom Sept. 27, 1800, and David Goodwillie, bom Aug. 28, 1802. These two sons in 1813 went to Cambridge, N. Y., and studied under Dr. Bullions, and attended some time the Cambridge Academy, under Dr. Chassell. Eetm-ning home in the spring of 1817, they attended the Caledonia County Academy for a short time, and then entered Dartmouth College, where they gradu- ated August, 1820. Having become members of the Associate Church a few years before, they were admitted by the Associate Presbytery of Cambridge, and commenced the study of theology in the beginning of 1821, at the Eastern Theological Seminary of the Associate Church in Pliiladelphia. Dr. Banks, the pro- fessor under whom they studied, was eminent for his knowledge of theology and profound acquaintance with the Greek, but especially the Hebrew language, which made him an able critic and expositor of the Holy Scriptures. He represented them to their parents as " bear- ing a good character, and making excellent progress ; " and the Presbytery of Cambridge, before the appointed time for the study of theology had elapsed, recommended them to the Synod to be licensed, and the Synod suspended the rule, and ordered this Presbytery to take them on trials for this end. These trials having proved satisfactory, the Associate Presbytery of Cambridge licensed them at Eyegate, Sept. 29, 1823. Their hoary-headed father was the moderator of the Presbytery at that time, and from his great knowledge and experience, with tears flowing fast, gave them suitable and sage council with respect to the duties and difficulties of the "good work " in which they were engaging. Claiming their right which was accorded to them by the Synod, they returned to the Theo- logical Seminary, and studied another term. Leaving Philadelphia early in the spring of 1824, in fulfilling the Synod's appointments to preach, they went to South Carolina, then into Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio, and returned to Philadelphia the next spring. On their way South, their first interview with their uncle, who had so long and Hberally supported them in prosecuting their studies, was very gratifying, and he was highly pleased with their company and conversation, but his greatest .pleasure was to hear his nephews preach the gospel of Christ, which was dear to his own soul. Dr. Banks, the professor, writes to their " venerable father," " with much satisfaction," that his two sons were " excellent young men, who gave great attention to their studies, in which they made excellent progress ; " that they preached several times in Pliiladelphia, and "were very acceptable to the people, among whom they left a savory remembrance of their character and abilities." The aged and vener- able Dr. Anderson writes to their father, "Peb. 18, 1825 : I have had much satisfaction in being visited by your two sons. They both preached to our people with much acceptance. I hope the Lord will bless them, and make them a blessing to his people." They returned home to Bamet, and assisted their father in July, 1825, in dispensing the ordinance of the Lord's Supper. So well pleased and profited were the people of their father's congregation with their ministrations that they immediately applied to the Presbytery for a moderation of a call, and on the 26th day of October, 1825, they gave Eev. Thomas Goodwillie a unanimous call to be assistant pastor and successor to his father. The aged pastor still being able to officiate, and preachers being few, and the vacant congregations many, his son continued to fulfil the appointments of Synod. Having passed satisfactory trials for ordination, he was ordained and settled as pastor of the Associate Congregation of Barnet by the Associate Pres- bytery of Cambridge, Sept. 27, 1826, before a 298 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. large audience, many of whom came from sur- rounding towns. The aged father, with many tears, gave the pastoral charge to his son. Soon after his settlement, the Legislature elected him to preach before the Governor, Council, and General Assembly, at the opening of the Legislature the next year. Accordingly, he preached at Montpelier, October 11, 1827, be- fore the Legislature, and a vast audience of atten- tive listeners, and gave appropriate addresses to the Governor, Council, and General Assembly. The Legislature voted him thanks for the " elo- quent and able " sermon, and requested a copy for publication, and elected him their chaplain for the session. His sermon Avas immediately published at the expense of the State, and gra- tuitously distributed to all its towns. Rev. Ashbel Green, D.D., of Philadelphia, editor of " The Christian Advocate," in noticing its pub- lication, says : — " It is a sensible and faithful sermon, on a text manifestly appropriate to the occasion, — Prov. xiv. 31: ^Righteousness exalteth a nation, but sin is a re- proach to any people.' We know not whether it be more creditable to the author of this discourse that he had the lidelity to deliver it, or to the Legisla- ture of the State of Vermont that they had the good sense and piety to request its publication. We wish that such a sermon were addressed to every State Legislature, and to our congress, too, at the commencement of each of their sessions." The sermon was afterwards reprinted. By appointment of the Presbytery to which he belonged, he went on a mission to Upper Can- ada in 1827. In consequence of a petition from Lower Canada, he went and preached in several towns on the St. Francis River, in 1829. While he was officiating as chaplain to the Legislature, and absent on these missions, his father offi- ciated in the congregation in Barnet. A few weeks after his father died, he left Barnet on account of ill-health, and for a year travelled in the Southern and Western States. In 1831 he went to the south of France, and proceeded to Sicily, and went as far as Syracuse. From thence lie proceeded to Naples ; visited Horculancum and Pompeii ; ascended Mt. Ve- suvius, and entered the crater of this volcano ; then journeyed to Rome, and saw the vast remains of antiquity, and the works of the fine arts. By Florence and Milan, he went over the Alps, by the Jit. Simplon road, to Geneva, where he saw the libraiy of Calvin. Thence he trav- elled to the north of Europe ; visited Scotland, and returned in 1833, with his health so far recovered as to resume his labors in the con- gregation of Barnet, where he has continued to labor to the present time ; and his congregation has cxp\-esscd their high appreciation of liis character and services, and their sympathy with him in his trials, both public and domestic. He was clerk of the Associate Synod (of the North) from 1841 to 1854, when the Synods united, except in 1852, when he was chosen mod- erator. After preaching at the opening of the Synod the next year, which is the duty of the moderator, the Synod, without precedent, voted him " thanks for his very excellent sermon." He was again chosen moderator of the Associate Synod in 1859. He has long been a life mem- ber of the American Bible Society. In 1827, when his father resigned his seat in the board of ti-ustees of the Caledonia County Academy, he was immediately chosen a trus- tee, to fill his place, which he still continues to occupy, and lias been one of the examiners, and, most of the time, president of the board. In 1827, also, when his father declined a re-elec- tion as town clerk, he was chosen to that office, which he then declined; but, in 1859, was re- elected to the office, which was urged upon him, and he accepted, and has been since annually re-elected. He was married, April 11, 1833, and has four children living, — three sons and a daughter, — besides a daughter who died in 1850, in the thir- teenth year of her age, remarkable for her intel- ligence and i^iety. The two oldest sons have gi-aduated at the Pennsylvania College of Den- tal Surgery, and settled in their profession in Pliiladelphia, Pa. The eldest son is one of the faculty of that college, and for some years lias given great satisfaction in discharging the duties of his office, and has also become a good writer on some parts of his profession. The youngest son (who bears his father's name) is a student in Dartmouth College, preparing for the Christian ministry. Rev. David Goodwillie, Jr., recei^'ed a call from Xenia and Sugar Creek, O. ; but accepted one from the united congregations of Poland, Liberty, and Deer Creek, and was ordained and settled by the Associate Presbytery of Ohio at Deer Creek, Lawrence Co., Pa., April 26, 1826, and ever since has been a laborious minister, and his ministiy has been blessed with great success. His congregations increased so much that each one desired to have a greater share of his labors, but feared the loss of the valued labors of their highly-esteemed pastor, in a division of his pastoral charge. But his labors still in- creased to such a degree that he was at length constrained to ask the Presbytery for a division, which was granted, and Deer Creek was dis- joined in the beginning of 1833. After the union of the Associate and Associate Reformed churches, he was disjoined from Poland in April, 1859, that it might unite with another congregation in the vicinity, and he now con- tinues his ministrations in Liberty, Trumbull Co., Pa. The number of church members enrolled under his pastoral care in Deer Creek, in 7 years, M-as 104 ; in Poland, in 33 years, 303, and in Liberty, in 35 years, extending to the pres- ent time (1861)253, making a total of 660. For a number of years he was president of the board of trustees of Westminster College, Pa, He was BARNET. 299 married April 20, 1826. His children were three sons and three daughters, of whom two sons and two daughters survive. His firstborn, Eev. David Henderson Goodwillie, graduated at Jef- ferson College, Pa. ; studied theology in the seminary of the Associate Church, and was licensed to preach by the Associate Presbytery of Shenango, Sept. 2, 1 853, and about the same time he was elected by the board of trustees of Westminster College, the professor of natural philosophy and chemistry, and continued to fill that office successfully, till he resigned, in De- cember, 1854. He was ordained and settled in the Associate congregation of Stamford in Can- ada, four miles from Niagara Falls, Sept. 27, 1855, where he still continues. April 11, 1861. A. H. EEFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. BY EEV. JOHN BOLE, OS' RTEgATB. The Eeformed Pi-esbyterian Congregation, of Barnet, in connection with the General Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian Church in North America, was originally a branch of the Pye- gate congregation of the same denomination. The congregation was organized in 1851, under the pastorate of Rev. Robert A. Hill, who demitted Ins charge in 1852. And in 1853, the Rev. John Bole was ordained pastor of the con- gregations of Ryegate and Barnet. In little more than a year after his organization, Mr. Bole demitted the charge of the Barnet congre- gation. Since then, this congregation has re- mained a vacancy under the care of the North- ern Presbytery of the Reformed Presbyterian Church in connection with the General Synod. The congregation numbers about 20 members. THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CONGRE- GATION (OLD SCHOOL) OF BARNET. BY. KEY. JAMES BEATTIE. This congregation was organized in 1840, the year that Rev. James Milligan was disjoined from Ryegate. It then consisted of about ten members. It was in a short time increased by the accession of members of the Ryegate congre- gation, who resided in that vicinity. It united with Ryegate, in 1844, in giving Rev. James M. Beattic a call, when there were 25 members, in regular standing. Mr. Beattie, who con- tinues to be their pastor, preaches alternately to the two congregations, the two meeting-houses being five miles distant from each other. In this congregation there is a flourishing Sabbath school. The people contribute liberally to the different schemes of the church. By very liberal exertions they have recently repaired the meet- ing-house, which is in the southwest part of the town. Since the settlement of the present pastor there have been 48 additions. There are at pre- sent 58 communicants. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. BY EEV. M. B. BEADrORD. Nov. 21, 1816. A congregational church was organized by Rev. Samuel Goddard, then of Concord, Vt., composed of members in part of Barnet, and in part of Lyman, N. H. It was called the " Congregational Church of Bamet and Lyman." This church was small, but continued, with various degrees of prosperity, about 12 years. It appears to have been sound in the faith, and to have exerted a good influence. It was organized with 20 members, and dur- ing its continuance, received into its fellowship about 100 persons. It never had a settled pas- tor. Most of its members have fallen asleep. A few remain to the present time. In October, 1829, the first Congregational Church in Barnet was formed. It consisted of three members, viz : James Gildchrist, Willard, and J. F. Skinner. After the church was organized, the Rev. A. Govan was constituted the pastor. During the 30 years of the existence of this church, 238 members were received by letter and l)rofession; 111 dismissed, and 25 have died. The large number of dismissions is owing to the fact that on Sept. 10, 1858, forty-three were dismissed for the purpose of being organized into a church at Stevens Village, the first church having built a meeting-house, and established its centre at Mclndoes Falls. This church has been blessed with many pastors, but only two of them have been settled. Rev. Mr. Govan continued as pastor from 1829 to September, 1832. Rev. Noah Cressey was employed a part of the time until 1835, when Rev. Joseph B. White began his labors with this church. After him. Rev. E. I. Carpenter, Rev. T. E. Ranney, and Rev. A. O. Hubbard were employed succes- sively. Mr. Hubbard continued his connection with the church some six years. After him. Rev. E. H. Caswell was acting pastor about three years. In 1854, Rev. E. Cleaveland began to preach to this church, and continued two years. March 5, 1856, Rev. B. F. Ray was ordained, and dismissed Aug. 30, 1859. In December following. Rev. M. B. Bradford, the present pastor, commenced his labors. This church is now situated near the border of the town, and is made up in part by mem- bers from Ryegate, Vt., and from Munroe and Bath, in N. H., who find it convenient to attend worship at Mclndoes Falls. BAPTIST CHURCH. BY EBV. A. H. HOUSE. Barnet, originally settled by Scotch Presbyte- rians, had no other religious organization for several years. Prior to 1811, there was a small Baptist Church, called " Bamet and Ryegate Church " to which Elder Bailey — still remem- bered with Christian love — ministered for some 300 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. time. (For twenty-four years before ho became Baptist, he had been a Cougregatioualist ; but, believing it liis duly to be baptized by immer- sion, submitted to the rite, and united with tlic Baptist Church at Danville.) He was a labo- rious minister, and often blessed with revivals. The time of his death I do not know. Nor do I deem it a matter of importance. Ho lived a Christian, — best record that can be made of any man, — and died, I doubt not, in the faith. The Baptist Church in Passumpsic Village, in the north part of Bamet, was formed in 1811 ; but its place of worship has always been in Barnet Village, and its members have be- longed to different towns, principally St. Johns- bury, "Waterford, Danville, Ryegate, and Groton. At one time there was in Groton quite a branch of the Passumpsic Chm-ch, which was subse- quently organized into an independent church. The records of the church at Passumpsic are in such a state I cannot state positively the number of members when organized. As near as I can ascertain, however, there were some eight or ten. The whole number received into the church was 508 ; baptized, 333 ; present number (Nov. 1, 1861), 74. This church has had ten pastors, viz : Silas Davidson, George B. Ide, D. D., now of Springfield, Mass., J. Merriam, B. Bur- rows, Levi Smith, John Ide, N. W. Smith, A. Boardman, and A. H. House. The average length of the pastoral relation, nearly 5 years ; the fii-st pastor 19 years and 3 months, the last pastor now in Ms 7th year. The church has licensed and ordained six ministers, some of whom are in heaven, and some oc- cupying important places in the church mili- tant. The average number of baptisms per year, during the history of the church, is six and a fraction. The church has been blessed with a number of precious revivals. In 1816, thkty-fire were baptized; in 1828, forty-eight ; in 1831, fifty-eight; in 1833, twenty; and in 1839, sixty-three. While some of these have turned backward, many, we trust, will be saved in the day of Chiist. There were several years, in which cveiy year more or less were bap- tized. There has been, however, no general revival since 1839. During the ministrations of the first pastor, dependence, under God, was placed on the ordinary means of grace, and God did not disappoint the expectations of liis peo- ple. But since his day, more dependence has been placed on extraordinary, — on exciting measures, and we have been shown, what the writer has always believed, that such a course is not wise. If the Lord does not renew his work, this church, which has done so much for the truth, which has been so honorable among her sister chm-ches, which for a long time was a model church for its discipline and benevolence, wliich has always been blessed with good men for its deacons, for whose welfare the Clarks, the Woods, the Parks, and the Browns have toiled so much, will soon become extinct ! Elders Davidson, Men-iam, Ide, and Green have gone ivome. The rest of the pastors who have served this church arc still in the field. I regret I am not able to give a short sketch of the life of Elder Mcniam, who is remembered with so much aft'ection by all M'ho sat uudcr his minis- try while pastor of the churrli in tliis place. I would also speak of Elder J. Ide, did I not ex- pect a sketch of his honorable and useful life would be furnished with the history of Coventry, where he labored many years, and where he was ordained to the work of the ministiy. I will close this meagre sketch of our church — which is perhaps akeady too long — with a brief notice of its first pastor. Elder Silas Davidson, who was bom in Pomfret, Ct., November, 1766. He came to Vermont in 1779. He united v.'ilh the Baptist Church in Hartland, in 1795. In 1798, he moved to Waterford, and soon began minis- terial laboi% there, and was instrumental in gathering a small chm-ch in that town, which, after a few years, was blended mth the church at Passumpsic, with which he himself united in 1811, and was ordained its pastor, July 1, 1812, and for 19 years and 3 months after, he honorably sustained that relation; faithfully preaching Christ as the only hope of the guilty. He dwelt among his people, and, at his own request, was dismissed. Few men have been more useful. He was a Baptist from principle, — sound in the faith, — unswerving to the last ; but a lover of all who loved the Lord Jesus. While he possessed not the advantages of an early education, his sermons were eminently acceptable to those whose minds were better cul- tivated, for he studied the Booh, quoted, with great accuracy, the Book, and the Book was his guide through life. He was, moreover, a true friend of education; and all the benevolent associations of the day had his prayers and sin- cere co-operation. Indeed, a devout man and an excellent counsellor, few churches have been better instructed in theii* duty than this, of which he was so long pastor ; and no man did more for the association to wliich he belonged, for which he was moderator six times, clerk twelve times, and preached its introductory sermon four times. Three of his sons entered the ministry, though but one lived to be ordained, and these all went before him to rest. He died in clear hope of eternal life, at his residence in Water- ford, May 16, 1842, aged 76. His memoiy " esto perpetua." EXTRACTS FROM AN ADDRESS BEFORE THE CALEDOKIA COUNTY AGKICULTUIIAL SO- CIETY, AT THE ANNUAL FAIR HELD AT ST. JOHNSBURY PLAIN, OCT. 2, 1845. BY HENRY STEVENS, ESQ. By turning to the census of this State, A. D. 1790, 1800, 1810, it will be found that at each census which was taken at those periods, the BAENET. 301 people of Vermont possessed more sheep accord- ing to their popiilation than any other State. Our household manufactures amounted to much more, according to our population, than any other State. The census shows that the inhabi- tants of the town of Danville manufactured 26,907 yards of linen cloth, 1,214 yards of cotton, aiid 16,128 yards of woollen cloth ; Peacham, 13,608 yards of linen, 2,119 of cotton, and 9,824 yards of woollen cloth ; St. Johns- buiy, 16,505 of linen, 1,179 cotton, 9,431 wool- len ; Barnet, 5,535 yards linen, 319 cotton, 10,830 of Avoollen cloth. Caledonia County, at that period, contained 23 towns, population 18,740; number of sheep, 34,587 ; woollen cloth manufactured, more than 7 yards to each person. All kinds of cloth of household manufacture averaged more than 19 yards to each inhabitant. The whole quantity manufactured in this county, in 1810, was 360,516 yards. The number of females over 15 years of age was 4;485 ; there- fore, they manufactured more than 80 yards of cloth each. There were 1,419 looms. The aver- age quantity of cloth wove in each was more than 254 yards. The estimated value of household manufactures for eacl;i female over 15 years of age, in 1810, was more than $40. Again, since Vermont was admitted into the Federal Union, her delegates in Congress have been the fast and firm friends in favor of encour- aging industry, and promoting domestic manu- factures. As a people, we have, from the time our fathers declared the New Hampshire Grants a free and independent State, 15th January, A.D. 1777, pursued this policy. It was the pursuing of tliis policy that enabled our fathers to meet the expenses of the Revolutionary War, to redeem the then paper issues at par, and the only State that ever did redeem their paper issues were at a discount of $40 for one. Not a single bill of purchase of woollen blankets or woollen gar- ments, out of the State, for our brave soldiers during the Revolutionary War, has yet been dis- covered. Our mothers manufactured cloth for garments, and blankets for their husbands and sons, when at home, or in the field of action. Our mothers would say to their husbands and sons, on their leaving for the army, " My dear, if anything should happen that you do not return, you will direct that my blanket be sent back." Soon after the close of the Revolutionary War, our country was flooded with goods of the man- ufacture of foreign countries, which soon drained the country of most of the solid coin. Paper currency, State and government securities be- came nearly Avorthless. Tender laws and ap- praisement laws became the order of the day throughout the Union. The General Assembly of this State, as early as 1786, passed a law, say- ing that for the encouragement of domestic man- ufactures, the owner of sheep should be credited oa his list two shillings for every pound of wool shorn, and one shilling for every yard of linen or tow cloth manufactured. This policy soon caused the balance of trade to become in favor of the State, — paper issues redeemed, pri- vate debts paid, and the State Treasurer soon reported a balance in the ti-easury of $14,000 in silver and gold We may with propriety speak of the patriot- ism and heroic acts of Chittenden, Allen, and Warner, and others of our citizens, in the cabi- net, and in the field of action. We also must remember that at that period our mothers and sisters were cultivating the fields, harvesting the crops, and, by hand, manufacturing for their household. That spirit of enterprise and perse- verance on the part of our mothers yet runs in the veins of many of those who are termed the better half. Their workmanship, exhibited to us this day, is sufficient to satisfy us that they are yet willing to contribute their proportion in i-endering old Caledonia independent of our sister States, or foreign Countries Vermont can raise as fine wool as any section of the world. Our mountains furnish pasturage of the best kind, and roll down their thousand streams to aid us in its manufacture. Our State abounds with ores, and with forests for the miners and colliers, ample for the manufacture of iron in all its varieties, and equal to the calls of the State consumption, and ultimately, for export. Our Country and our State should follow up the mode of policy which is pursued by the greatest manufacturing interest in the world. We should sit on our wool-sacks, in order to encourage the wool-grower. We should give bounties, and grant prohibitions until the branches of our manufacturing rise to an equal level with other orders graduated to the wants they supply. No governor of this State has at any time, in his message to the General Assembly, put forth any sentiments other than in favor of industry, economy, and the protection of the agricultural, mechanical, and manufacturing interest. You may take a candle, and search the archives of every State in this Union, and you will find no better lessons of wisdom in favor of the great and leading intererest of the State and of this Union, than are recorded in the archives of the Green Mountain State. I hope the time wiU come when every freeman will be furnished with the annual messages of our past governors, the an- swers on the part of the Assembly, and reports of committees relating to the agricultural, mechani- cal, manufacturing, and other leading interests of our State and Country. Shall we who love to laud the deeds of our ancestors, and who live by the result of their toil, be content with less intelligence, or less pat- riotism ? A State exists in its history. Take away the memory of the past, and what remains ? A name, and only a name. Take away the example and the recorded wisdom of the past, and what ray of light would be 302 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. left for our g:uidaiico 1 What could we do but gropo in darkness and inexperience, and wander in the maze of perpetual childhood 1 If we are bound to respect the claims of posterity, we like- ^Yise owe a debt to our ancestors BURKE. BY A. BURINGTON, ESQ. While adverse winds and tempests lower, And fortune's frowns like mountains tower, They boldly brave stern winter's power. One individual alone remains of the veteran band of hardy pioneers who inhabited the town of Burke the eight years succeeding the first set- tlement, and this individual is a female, worn and broken by a life of toil. Yet, with the records and papers in the ar- chives of the town, and what still lives in story, we hope to collate and embody as many local facts and incidents as time and circumstances will pei-mit. Burke, in the N. E. part of Caledonia County, is bounded N. by Newark and E. Haven (in Essex Co.),E. by Victory (inEssex Co.) and Ivh-by, S. by Lyndon, and W. by Sutton. The town originally contained a little over 6 miles square, including a gore of about 3,400 acres, lying easterly of Lyndon, and formerly called Burke Tongue. In 1 807, the Legislature annexed this gore to the township of Kirby, leaving the present area of Burke about 20,320 acres, in the form of an irregular octagon, the surface some- what uneven, rising between the rivers into high ridges, three in number, running in a northerly and southerly direction through the town, and mostly covered with a heavy growth of hard wood, among which a large proportion of sugar maple abounds. In the valleys bordering on the streams the timber is mostly evergreen, among which is some cedar and a small quantity of pine. The soil is various ; the ridges or hills mostly contain a deep rich loam, and are well adapted to agricul- tural pursuits. In the valleys, in some localities, the soil is composed of a mixture of sand and gravel, but bordering on the streams are some meadows of a deep alluvial soil, and very fertile. Generally, the soil is well adapted to grazing, and some of the finest and best cattle and sheep found in market are raised in this town. ThePassumpsic River, a branch of Connecticut River, i-uns through this town, and is divided into two branches, called the East and West branches ; one passing near the eastern, and the other near the western part of the town. Into these branches^ which unite their waters in the town of Lyndon, flow several tributary streams, on which are many excellent water privileges adapted to the various purposes of mechanical arts. At the eastern extremity of the township is a mountain bearing the name of Burke Mountain, lying partly in Burke and partly in Victory; the line between the towns crossing near the sum- rait. The summit of this mountain towers nearly 3000 feet above the bed of Passumpsic River. It is mostly covered with a small growth of ever- green. Along the western base arc many good farms. A small house has lately been built on the summit, for the accommodation of visitors, by Mr. Joseph S. Hall, an enterprising citizen of this place, from which a picturesque and deUght- ful view of the surrounding country can be taken. The original grantees of this town were a com- pany of 05, mostly, if not all, inhabitants of the county of Litchfield, Conn., among whom were a number of females. A grant or charter was dated Februaiy 6, 1782, and signed by Thomas Cliit- tenden, Governor, and Joseph Fay, Secretaiy, in behalf of the freemen of the State of Vermont, granting to said company the exclusive right to form and incorporate the same into a township, on certain specified conditions. In the year 1787, Seth Spencer and Uriah Seymour, the latter be- ing one of the original proprietors, proceeded in the allotment of said township, and surveyed the same into shares or Eights as they were called, each share or right containing 300 acres, the town be- ing first divided into two divisions, and a lot in each division of ICO acres was assigned to each proprietor, reserving five rights, or one lot in each division, for public uses, viz : one riglit for the first settled minister, one for the minister's support, one for common English schools, one for an academy in the county, and one for a seminary or college in the State of Vermont. The first settlement of the town commenced in 1794, by Lemuel Walter, from Litchfield County, Conn. The year following, several families, mostly from Connecticut, settled. Owing to the inconveniences ever attendant upon a settlement of a new country, these worthy pioneers had to endure many hardships, sufierings, and priva- tions. The badness of the roads, the lack of privileges of almost every description, rendered it A^ery difficult, many times, to obtain necessary supplies for themselves and families, St. Johns- bm-y then being the nearest place where they could be accommodated, a distance of 16 or 17 miles. Almost the whole of the first inhab- itants of the town followed the pursuit of agri- culture, and for the period of five or six years little other business was done in the immediate vicinity. During many years, the inhabitants lived in cabins built of logs, and covered with bark peeled from spruce trees, and were often doomed, especially in the winter seasons, to en- dure cold and hunger ; for, being poor, they had not the requisite means to procure comfortable clothing to screen themselves and families prop- erly from the rigors of a northern climate. Cliii- drcn would frequently be seen in winter days running barefooted in the snow, and otherwise but poorly clad, sleeping on straw beds or the skins of animals, at night, in the upper loft of their bark-covered cabins, whose roofs, by the iu- BURKE. 303 fluence of the sun's rays, would but poorly shield them from the.rain and snow, or the blasts of a wintry storm. Sometimes these cabins would have no chimney save a few boards fas- tened together in a conical form through which to convey the smoke. Sometimes they would have backs, as they were called, built against the logs at one end of their dwellings ; but many were destitute of this appendage, and had noth- ing for a substitute but logs of wood, which when bm-nt away were replaced by others. Of- tentimes these wooden chimneys would take fire ; but, to use the common adage, " Necessity is the mother of invention." Most families had an instrument familiarly called a "squirt-gun," of a large size, through which a considerable quan- tity of water could be emitted to any part of their dwellings. This was the only engine made use of in those days for extinguishing fire in their dwellings, and reminds the writer of an anecdote which he heard related many years ago. At a certain time, Lemuel Walter, the first in- habitant of the town, was sitting at his table in his log cabin, with a wooden chimney, at noon- day, taking his frugal meal, when a stranger on horseback rode up to his door, and with an ear- nest voice enquired, " Sir, do you know that your house is on fire 1 " Ah, said the owner, well, no matter, I will see to it as soon as I have finished my dinner. " But," said the stranger, "yoxir house will all be in flames before that time." Be not alarmed, sir, said Walter, I am used to fire and have no fears. Thank you, sir, for your trouble. " If you are disposed to stay there and let your house burn down over your head," rejoined the stranger, "it is no business of mine," and rode off, and left the owner to take care of Ms own house. Whereupon, Wal- ter deliberately took his squirt-gun and soon ex- tinguished the fire. Perhaps many circumstances and events might be here related touching the character and con- dition of the first settlers of the town which might serve to interest the reader ; but lest the writer should extend this part of the history be- yond its proper limits, it will not be prudent, perhaps, to dwell much longer on this descrip- tion ; yet it may not be amiss to relate some of the trials and perplexities our venerable fathers had to encounter, and the labor and toil which they experienced in subduing the forests, and braving the dangers and vicissitudes to which their condition exposed them. Besides the labor and privations with which they then had to struggle, the country at that time was considerably infested with wolves, pan- thers and bears, which rendered it somewhat dangerous many times to venture a great dis- tance from home without being properly n.rmcd and equipped to meet a deadly foe in the charac- ter of some ferocious and hungry wild beast. Still they were often under the necessity of jour- neying into the wilderness, and sometimes to a considerable distance. At that time, most of the inhabitants owned but one cow, and for many years the only pasture which they had for their cattle consisted of the forest, and not un- frequently they would ramble to a considerable distance, in which case the only guide the OAvner had in seeking them was the sound of the bell, fastened with a leather strap to the neck of a fa- vorite cow. I have heard of several instances in this town, in the early stages of its settlement, of inhabitants being beset by bears in their ram- bles in search of their cattle. Wolves, it is pre- sumed, were not as plenty here as in many other places, still their flocks of sheep, though small, were sometimes annoyed by them. Yet wild animals, in another sense, were of benefit, espe- cially bears, as their flesh, many times, served in part to furnish the inhabitants with meat, which from domestic animals was very scarce, and their skins were used for moccasins and various other purposes. Sometimes they were hunted in the woods, and sometimes they Avere caught in traps when visiting corn-fields, or by guns set in corn-fields, or by watching or lying in wait for them ; various ways and means being resorted to, to entrap and destroy them. Moose and deer hunt- ing was also resorted to, to supply the deficit of meat. The countiy north of this town for many miles, at that time, was an unbi'okcn Avilderncss, wliere moose and deer were found in great num- bers. It is the nature of these animals, in the Avinter season, to herd together in considerable numbers, especially when the snow is very deep, which circumstance greatly facilitated the means of taking them. The most hardy of the vet- eran settlers would resort thither on snow-shoes as soon as a suflScient depth of snow had fallen, and surprise and slay them, and after dressing them select the best part of the flesh for food, and carry it on then- backs a distance of 7 or 8 miles, throixgh the wilderness, to their homes. jSTot unfrequently a man would carry a burden of 100 lbs. But they soon grew wise by expe- rience, and furnished themselves with a kind of hand sled made expressly for the purpose, the timber of which was made very light, and tlie runners, being 5 or 6 inches in width, prevented their sinking in the snow to a very grent depth. On these a man would draw more than double the quantity that he could carry on his back, and the labor was not so hard. These kinds of sleds are used by many at the present time in tins vicinity, and still retain the name of inoose- sleds. Eor weeks, many times, they would re- main in the woods, sleeping by night on hem- lock boughs for beds, and in camps, as they were called, made of poles and covered -with boughs, and subsisting on the flesh of wild animals, and perhaps a little bread carried from home. These camps were warmed by a fire made in front of them, one side of which was left open for that pui-pose. The skins of these animals, after be- ing partially tanned by a process of t;:eir own 304 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. iuventinjr, were much used for beds, being spread upon the ground or floor of their cabins. "Wliole families of children would sleep upon them be- fore the warm fire, with as much seeming com- posure as though they were reposing on a bed of down. Vai-ioas other means were resorted to at that time to obtain the necessary supplies for the sus- tenance of their families. One of these con- sisted in making salts from the ashes of wood. The new lands that were first cleared were cov- ered ynth a lieavy growth of hard wood, and when clearing their lauds of this timber the ashes made from the wood were collected and put into leaches, generally made of hollow logs, cut from the trunks of hollow trees, and after being thoroughly leached, the lye was boiled in small kettles, generally holding no more than 12 or 14 gallons, to a consistence called salts of hje. These were generally transported to St. Johns- bm-y, and sold from S3 to 54 per 100 lbs. ; the avails of which were applied in purchasing the necessary articles for family consumption. These salts, after being sold, were manufactured into pot or pearlash, and transported to Boston, or some other market. Most of the men who were not engaged in hunting found employment in this business during a large portion of the win- ter season. The business of making these salts was continued for several years after the town was considerably settled, wlien a different dispo- sition was made in this branch of business. A man by the name of Dan. White, who emi- grated from Tomnford, Litchfield Co., Ct., in or about 1 800, purchased a small farm, on which he labored for several years, then purchased a few goods and opened a small store in a room in his dwelling-house, built a small potash, and exchanged his merchandise for ashes and other produce. These ashes were manufactured into potash and transported to Portland, Me., with a two-horse waggon through the Notch of the White Mountains in New Hampshire, and exchanged for such articles of merchandise as the people most needed. At that time, the road to Port- land was extremely bad, especially through the Notch of the mountains, and twelve to fifteen hundred was considered to be a full load for a span of horses. In a few years, however, (the writer thinks about 1805), White sold his inter- est in the Potash to Chandler, Bigelow & Co., of Putney, who built a small store, and brought their merchandise from Boston, and manufac- tured their ashes into pearlash, and considerably enlarged the manufacturing of that article of commerce. For many succeeding years this ar- ticle was manufactured on a more enlarged scale by successive merchants, and even until the tim- ber was so much used up that it could not lon- ger be spared for that purpose. At the present time, the business is almo.-^t wholly discontinued in this section of country. ORGANIZATION OF BURKE. Joseph Lord, of St. Johnsbury, a Justice of the Peace for the County of Orange, on applica- tion of a number of the inhabitants of Burke, set up a notification, warning the inhabitants of said town to meet at the dwtUing-house of Lem- uel Walter, in Burke, on the 5th day of Decem- ber, 1796, for the purpose of organizing said town, and electing the officers thereof as required by law. At said meeting, Lemuel Walter was elected Moderator and Town Clerk unanimously; Baniabas Thurber, Godfrey Jones, and Lemuel Walter, Selectmen, and L-a Walter Constable. On the 23d day of March, follo^^^ng, a meeting was duly warned and holden for the election of town officers, and the transaction of other busi- ness appertaining to said town. Lemuel Walter was re-elected Town Clerk ; Barnabas Thui-bcr, David Colfix, and Godfi-ey Jones, Selectmen ; Ii-a Walter, Constable ; and Barnabas Thurber, Surveyor of Highways. Thenceforward, to the present time, meetings have been held annually, in the month of March, for the election of town officers, and the transaction of the business of the town. A freemen's meeting was warned and holden on the first Tuesday of September, 1801, for the purpose of giving their votes for State officers; and in December, 1802, a freemen's meeting was holden for the purpose of electing a Representative to Congress. At a freemen's meeting in Sept. 1805, Thomas Bartlott M'as elected the first Representative for General As- sembly of Vermont, to which office he was elected the two succeeding years. In the year 1801, the first sehoolhouse was erected near the centre of the town, which aa- swered the double purpose of a school and town house. Thomas Bartlett taught the first school in the winter of 1802. Schools were taught in this house for 8 years, and the scholars came from nearly all parts of the town, some of them a distance of 3 miles. In 1803, the town was divided into 7 school districts, but no schools were established, or schoolhouses erected in any other part of the town, till the year 1809; in that year another house was built, and schools taught therein. Other districts soon followed the example, and schools were discontinued at the old house ; still it was occupied for a town house till 1825. There are now 11 school dis- tricts, all of which have schoolhouses, and schools are taught from 4 to 9 months each year. Select scliools, for improvement in the liigher branches of learning, are generally taught 3 months in a year in some of these districts. Roman Pyler, an enterprising citizen of the town of Winchester, Litchfield Co., Ct., emigrat- ed to this to■^^^l in 1800, and commenced the build- ing of a saw and grist mill on a small stream of water near the centre of the town, where the village of Burke Hollow is now located, which gave a new impetus to afiiiirs. But the new saw- BURKE. 305 mill had but just commenced running when it took fire and was laid -in ashes. This unfortu- nate circumstance was severely felt by the inhab- itants generally, but the untiring enterprise and perseverance of the owner, in spite of many obstacles, soon found means to repair the injury. In 1802, another saw-mill was erected and put in operation, which served to supply the inhab- itants with lumber for several years. After this saw-mill had been in operation several years, it was torn down, and another built in the same place by the same owner, and occupied by him until his death in 1828. A now grist-mill was also built near where the old one stood, bj' the same individual, in 1817, and occupied by him while he lived. In 1845, another mill was built, on a larger scale, by a company formed for that pui'pose, which is now in successful operation. Other mills have since been erected from time to time, and there are now 3 grist-mills, 8 saw-mills, 3 starch factories, 2 carriage shops, 2 planing machines, 1 clothing shop, and 1 carding ma- chine, within the limits of the town ; and various other machinery for artificial purposes. The oldest person deceased in town was Reu- ben Lippingwell, who died about 30 years since, in the 99th year of his age. The oldest person now living is Esther Walter, the widow of Ira Walter, one of the first settlers of the town, and the first constable, — the widow being now in her 87th year. Chloe Jones, daughter of Godfrey and Sally Jones, was the first born in town; and Willard Spencer, son of Ranney and Cyn- thia Spencer, the first male child, who is now a prominent citizen. The first death was an in- fant of Godfrey and Sally Jones. The first marriage on the records of the tovra, John Woodruff and Esther Barbour, man-ied Dec. 4th, 1799. There are three small villages, known as Burke Hollow, Burke East Village, and Burke West Village. Burke HoUow is the oldest, and situ- ated near the centre, on a stream of water called Fyler's Mill Stream, from the circumstance that Roman Eyler built the first mills in town on tliis stream, as already related. There are about 30 families, mostly mechanics and laborers. The village has increased very slowly for several years past, owing, perhaps, in a great measure, to the settlement and growth of the other two villages in different parts of the town, which possess many local and superior advantages. There is 1 meeting-house, a union house, and 1 schoolhouse, in the village ; 2 stores, a grist- mill, a starch mill, a clothing machine, a card- ing machine, a carriage shop, a post office, 3 shoe and boot makers, a blacksmith, 2 physi- cians, a harness maker, and 1 lawyer. David Chadwick, Esq., is the only attorney at law who has ever had a permanent residence in the toym. The village probably contains about 150 inhab- itants. (Eor a description of Burke East Village, see Rev. R. Godding's article.) Burke West Village is situated near the west- em exti-emity of the town, on the west branch of Passumpsic River, at the junction where another stx-eam of water, called Trull's Mill Stream, unites with the Passumpsic, and near the depot on the Connecticut and Passumpsic Riv- ers Rail Road, which passes through the western part of this town. About 28 years since, Joel Trull, Esq., of this town, purchased a water privilege, where the village is now located, and built a grist and saw mill, where a large portion of the inhabitants of the town of Sutton could be better accommodated than at any other place. The place improved but slowly for several years. In time, however, a number of dwelling-houses were built, and a store opened by Daniel Beck- with, Esq., who, with his sons, stiU carries on quite an extensive business in the mercantile line. In 1857, the above mentioned railroad was ex- tended through this to-ivn, and a depot was lo- cated near the village, wHch soon gave a new impetus to the business transactions of this little village. Large quantities of lumber are annu- ally brought to this place from the surrounding country, to be transported on the railroad to other markets. Present population probably about 30 families, and 150 inhabitants. Within the limits of the village, there is now but 1 store where business is done, 1 hotel, 1 school- house, 1 carriage shop, 1 grist-mill, 1 saw-mill, 1 starch mill, and 2 shoe and boot manufactur- ers. At no distant time, this little village is des- tined to become the largest in town, owing to its proximity to the railroad. Dr. Samuel Putnam was the first physician. He commenced practice here in 1804, and re- mained till 1808, when George W. Denison came and established himself as physician ; and Putnam went to Newbury, and soon after died. He was elected town clei-k in 1805, which office he held 3 years. By the census of 1850, the number of inhab- itants was 1103; and in 1860, 1138. RELIGIOUS DEPARTMENT. BAPTISTS. (For a history of this denomination, see Rev. R. Godding's contribution.) METHODISTS. In 1804, a circuit was formed by the Metho- dist Conference, embracing the County of Cale- donia, and in 1805, a preacher by the name of James Young appointed to this circuit, who preached in Burke occasionally, the writer thinks once in 4 weeks. In 1806, an associate preacher, by the name of HolHs Sampson, was appointed to this field ; and Young and Sampson held meetings alternately at stated times. The wri- ter thinks they continued this about 2 years, and 306 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. were then transferred to another field, and other laborers appointed. In this manner, alternately chang;ing, new preachers were successively ap- pointed to this important chai'ge, but no society or class formed, for the space of 10 successive years. Li the year 1815, Rev. Zenas Adams was appointed to this charge, and remained 2 years, during which time he formed a class. There are no available records that describe the number, yet the writer is aware that it must have been very small. But from this time foi-ward, the societies have been supplied with preachers, and success has, in a great measui'e, attended their efforts, and several successive re^^vals en- larged the borders of their spiritual Zion. Ow- ing to the increase in numbers, and the extent in the field of labor, in 1824 the circuit was divided into two parts, designated as the Danville and Lyndon circuits, and a definite number of preach- ers were assigned to each of these respective de- partments. At the present time, the Sutton and Burke charge, so called, consists of 236 members, of which 124 are residents of Burke. The Methodist financial society of male members, for several years past, will probably average about 60. UNIVERSALISTS. During the period of 20 years and upwards, subsequent to the first settlement of Burke, there were a few among the inhabitants who were believers in the final holiness and happi- ness of the human race; yet no efibrts were made to embody themselves into a separate de- nomination, hence they united with others of a different belief, — went to their meetings, and gave their influence and support as they deemed most proper. Occasionally, however, a preacher of that doctrine would visit the place and preach a short time, perhaps one or two Sabbaths ; and additions were made to their numbers, and their means were increased. On the 20th of March, 1815, a meeting was called, and a society organized, — 44 citizens of the town enrolling their names as members thereof. From that time foi-ward, various preach- ers were employed, generally for a portion of the time, but no settled pastor secured for several succeeding years. In September, 1827, a church was formed, which at first consisted of only 9 members, and Rev. Daniel Wellman, a citizen of the town, was oi'dained as their pastor, who preached most of the time for about 5 years, and then removed to the State of Ohio, where he still lives at an advanced age. This worthy man had previously been a preacher in the Free-will Bap- tist denomination for several years ; but after his views on religious subjects became changed, he henceforth preached the new doctrine he had cm- braced, ever sustaining the character of an ex- emplaiy Christian. The church and society, being thus destitute of a pastor, depended, as previously, on hiring preachers a portion of the time, for about 15 years. Under these circum- stances no accessions were made, and its few members had become greatly lessened by deaths and removals. In September, 1848, the church was again re- newed, and Rev. L. H. Tabor employed for one- half of the time. Under the influence of this cflieient pastor, an increased interest was soon discernible. The church consisted of about 30 members, and the society soon numbered 110. The labors of this worthy pastor were contin- ued 6 years, when he was dismissed by his own request, to the regret of the greater portion of the people of his charge. Since that time, there has been no settled pastor over this church, but various clerg}Tnen employed for a poition of the time, and sometimes they have been destitute some length of time. Among those employed was Rev. John E. Palmer, an aged father in the ministry, who commenced his labors as a minister of the gospel in early life, and for many years was an able preacher in the Baptist de- nomination ; but after much deliberation, his fonner religious views ha^ving become changed, thenceforth he became an advocate of the final holiness and consequent happiness of all our race. He is now in the winter of life, and feels sensibly the effects of age and infirmity; yet, notwithstanding, preaches occasionally to good acceptance. Rev. Alson Scott, of Lyndon, now supplies the desk every fom-th Sabbath, to good accep- tance ; still, the society has been on the decline since they dispensed \vith the labors of Rev. L. H. Tabor. The society now numbers about 80 members. CONGREGATIONALISTS. During several years subsequent to the first settlement of this town, there were inhabitants who cherished the fundamental doctrines of this denomination, several of whom had formerly united ynth. Congregational churches in other places ; but their numbers were so small they did not deem it expedient to organize into a sepa- rate society, but mostly gave their support to the Baptist denomination, then the only organ- ized order in the town. In the year 1807, 11 in number of males and females covenanted together in church fellow- ship, called the Congregational Church in Burke. Rev. John Fitch, pastor of the Congregational Church in Danville, officiated at the organiza- tion, and preached with them one Sabbath. Oct. 6, 1 808, a meeting of the male members of this church was holden, and William Barbour chosen deacon, and Orentus Brownson, clerk. Thenceforward meetings were held at various times for the transaction of the ordinary busi- ness of the church, and to aid in the prosperity of the cause; but owing to the smallness of their number, and the want of means, tlie church for a long time labored under many disadvan- tages. Missionaries Avould sometimes spend a short time with them, and sometimes the little BL~RKE. 307 church would tax their means almost beyond their ability to procure the services of some neighboring clergyman. But they persevered in the cause they had espoused, and, notwithstand- ing death and removals thinned their ranks, still continued to increase gradually, though, at times, very slowly, till the year 1834, when Eev. Thomas W. Duncan was employed for a time, the writer thinks for one year. The drooping spirits of the chm-ch, and its friends, under his ministration, soon began to revive, and addi- tions were made to their numbers. In Novem- ber, 1839, he was installed pastor; but a short time after his installation requested to be dis- missed, which, by vote of the church, was granted. He was succeeded by Rev. S. M. Wheelock, who continued 2 years, and was suc- ceeded by Eev. John Clark, who remained about 10 years. For some time after Mr. Clark's dis- mission, they had only occasional preaching, till 1859. Since that time. Rev. Edward P. Good- win supplied the desk — who was ordained Nov. 10th, 1859 — till Oct,, 1860, when he removed to Ohio. Eev. M. Underwood now supplies this church. Present number of members about 60. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. BY S. N. WELCH. CAPT. DANIEL NEWELL Was bom in Farmington, Ct., in 1755. In , he moved to Tinmouth in this State, where he resided until he moved to this town. While re- siding in Tinmouth, he was chosen captain of the artillery company there, and retained in that capacity until his removal. In 1800, he removed to this town, and settled on what is called the "West Hill." He was, while a resident of this town, often chosen to fill town ofiices, such as justice of the peace, selectman, lister, etc., and he always dis- charged Ms duty with fidelity and despatch. He raised a family of 10 cliildren, — 8 now living, — the youngest of whom is Dr. Selim Newell, of St. Johnsbury. Another (Isaac) was a Baptist preacher, for a long time settled over the Baptist Society at Danville Green, Vt., but moved West about the year 1836, where he died. In his religious sentiments, the Captain was a Baptist, and one who exemplified his religion by dispensing with a liberal hand to the poor and needy, — consoling the afilicted, encouraging the faint-hearted, — in short, by obeying the injunc- tion, "Do unto others as ye would that others should do unto you." Possessed of a kind heart and a large share of " sociaKty," he was ever a welcome guest in every circle, whether of old or young, rich or poor. Moreover, he was a very public-spirited man ; and, while unostenta- tious in all his acts, always one of the first to en- gage in any work whereby the community might be benefited, without asking or expecting re- ward, yet having his reward in the conscious- ness of ft^lfilling the design of his creation, and in the respect, confidence and love of his fcUow- men. Perhaps no man ever lived in town who was more generally respected and beloved. Physically, he was a fine specimen of manly beauty, being above the common height, well proportioned, and very straight. His carriage Avas full of ease and dignity, and his countenance but the reflection of his heart. In 1824, he went to his rest. BENJAMIN BELDEN, Born in Farmington, Ct., in 1756 ; first came into this town in 1792, as an agent for distant ^ land proprietors. He paid the town a visit every year on business for his employers, until 1805, when he became a permanent settler. He was first married about the year 1780, to Miss Rhoda Phelps, who died in 1783. In 1790, he was again married to Miss Sally Woodruff, who died in 1831. He died July 9, 1820. ROMAN FYLER, Born in Winstead, Ct., in 1768 ; mamed to Sally Lyman in . In 1799, moved with his fam- ily, consisting of his wife and four children, to Burke, and located on what is now called Burke Green, a ridge of land running N. and S. through the town, dividing it nearly in the centre. Here he built him a log house, and commenced the laborious work of a pioneer. There was at that time no grist-mill nearer than Lyndon, and he, as well as other settlers, was often under the neces- sity of going to Bamet to pm-chase grain and bringing it to Lyndon to be ground, and from thence home, his path guided by marked trees. In 1801, he built the first grist-miU in town, and subsequently added 2 grist-mills and 2 saw-mills. In 1803, he met with a serious accident in one of his mills, having his foot and ankle severely crushed, which troubled him more or less to the close of his life. He was one of the company that, about the year 1806, built the road through the Notch of the White Mountains in N. H. He also formed one of the company that built the turnpike through the town of Barnet. He was one of the "early few" who represented the town in " olden times ; " was also town clerk a number of years, besides holding many other offices of trust, always discharging his duty Mdth fidelity and zeal. In religious sentiments he favored the Methodists, of which his wife was a member. In physical proportions he was almost gigantic. It has been asserted, moreover, that he was the strongest man ever in town. He died in the year 1828. HON. GEO. W. DENISON, M.D., Born in Hartland, Oct. 16, 1779 ; about the year 1803, commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Fuller, of Cavendish ; in 1806, went into partner- ship with Dr. Fuller; practised with him one year; and in 1807, moved to Burke, and pur- 308 \t:rmont historical magazine. he was often called upon to ofiSciato at funerals, speak on the Fourth of July, etc. He was the first deacon of the Congregational church ; first town clerk; first repreiJcntative of the town, in 1805 ; planted the first apple-trees, and raised therefrom the first apples in town. Physically, he was a little above the common height, spare, and very straight, and retained his faculties in a remark- able degree to the time of liis death, Juno 19, 1857. A man who was esteemed by all who knew liim, for the excellence of his principles, can be truly wi-itten of him. ASAHEL BURINGTON, ESQ., Of Burke, is one of those individuals so identi- fied with the general history of the town, of whom a brief sketch, at the least, is requisite to complete the history thereof. A citizen of B. has furnished such sketch ; but, although abound- ing in interest, it yet is so minute in detail, but a summary can be given. "Asahel Bm-ington was bom in New Hart- ford, Ct., Feb. 17, 1791, the youngest of a fam- ily of 8 children. In 1802, the older brothers of our sketch persuaded then- father to sell out his farm in Connecticut, emigrate to Vermont, and purchase lands sufiicient to make farms for liim- self and them. The avails of the sale barely purchased 500 acres of wild land, at $2.50 per acre, and defrayed the expenses of the removal. Their cabin was thus built : spruce logs, locked together at the corners, chinked with mud, and covei-ed with bark. Within, large logs piled against the wall-logs for a chimney, the fire being kindled in front, and loose boards floored the one room, whose area Avas mostly filled by three beds, curtained with blankets, and the large pine table. The one schoolhouse, near the centre of the town, was on a high ridge of land, where in winter the snow, from 3 to 4 feet deep, blowed into well-nigh impassable drifts ; and even the boy of 11 could not be spared from clearing up and cultivating the farm in summer ; and when at school, only reading, spelling, writing, and the first four rules of arithmetic, were indifierently taught." Here our -writer goes on to tell how young B. was destitute of all mathematical text-books, till, learning a man had moved in who had one of Pike's Arithmetics, he hastened to secure a loan thereof, and bent eveiy energy systematically to the task, till he had mastered that tough old book. In a few years he added to this science, grammar, geography, logic, pWlosophy, &c. A library association had previously been formed by a number of the citizens of Burke and Bil- lymead, (now Sutton,) wliich contained Rollins' Ancient History, Robinson's History of Amer- ica,v Josephus, one excellent novel. The Fool of Quality, &c. Embracing every opportunity state of health did not admit of his carryir,g out | rainy days, and especially evenings, mostly by his cherished plans. He moved into Burke in I the firelight, volume after volume was digested. 1802. Beiug an able writer and effective speaker, I In 1810, Martin Doyle moved in from Walpole, chased the farm, upon which he lived imtil his death. Believing it was not good for man to be alone, in 1813 he was married, at Lyndon, to Miss Sally Jenks. From 1808 to 1813, he was town clerk; in 1822 and '23, was elected town repre- sentative, and in 1837 was chosen one of the assistant judges of the County Com-t, which office he held two years. His wife died January 25, 1843. One of their sons is a practising physician in Illinois ; anoth- er, a lawyer of considerable repute in Washing- ton Territory, was formerly Judge of the County Court in Los Angelos County, Cal. ; another is now in California ; two remain in their native town, one upon the old homestead ; another is in Canada ; Charles 0. (deceased) was formerly a practising physician at Lyndon; and Emeliue, wife of Dr. Sclim Newell, lives at St. Johnsbury. Dr. Denison was one who was out of his ele- ment unless engaged in business. He built sev- eral mills in town, and was iintil his death a large land-holder, owning large tracts of wild land in several different towns. His practice as physician extended over many towns. Phys- ically, the Doctor was a model man, 6 feet and upward, finely proportioned, with a carriage full of grace and dignity, and Ms countenance when at rest was but an index of his heai-t, re- flecting all its loftier attiibutes, mild and gentle, yet wearing the stamp of an iron Avill that must and would accomplish everything it undertook. In his religious sentiments, he looked upon all mankind as brothers and sisters, ti-avelling the same highway to one common home, — or was a Universalist. In his politics, he was a Republi- can. In relation to slavery, his ideas of justice were to give it no more territory, but confine it within its present bounds and let it work its own desti-uction. He was a capital shot. Noth- ing suited him better, even in his old age, than to take down liis trusty rifle and try his skill with the young men, and if he succeeded in beating them, he would " fat an inch on the rib." He died March 4, 1847. BY HON. THOMAS BAKTLETT, OF LYNDON. THOMAS BARTLETT, One of the early settlers, was born in old Ply- mouth, Mass., May 19, 1771, and was a descen- dant of Sylvanus Bartlett, who emigrated from England in the year 1G24. He moved to Ver- mont at the age of 16, and fitted for college with Judge Miles, of Fairlee. He entered Dartmouth College in the year 1794. In consequence, how- ever, of poor health, he was obliged, after two years, to abandon his studies. While at college, he attained a high rank as a scholar, and main- tained it to a respectable degree ever after. In early life he contemplated the ministry, but his BIJRKE. 309 N. H., bringing a respectable library for those days. Doyle and Buiington were old friends. Not only were the use of Doyle's books gra- tuitous, but his assistance in study cheerfully given. Here Mr. B. discovered "Ferguson's Astronomy," and in a year could calculate the changes of the moon and eclipses with perfect accuracy. Doyle, a self-taught scholai", imbibed his enthusiasm, and mutually assisting, these friends spent hours investigating the problems of this work. Doyle died in 1848. From the study of this sublime science, the investigation of this " stupendous machinery," Mr. B. claims that his mind was led upward, till he, too, could exclaim, " An undevout astronomer is mad," — till he was irresistibly confirmed in belief of the universal mindfulness and mercy of the Creator over and toward all his creatm-es, particularly his offspring man. From 1812 to '21, he was employed during the winter seasons to good acceptance in common schools, — a popular teacher, who drew many scholars from the districts around; in 1816, from thence nearly 25 years, was postmaster; and for upward of 38 years has held the office of town clerk, during which time every instrument re- corded in the town, nearly or quite 5,000, has been done with his own hand. He also retains the office of town treasurer, held nearly 31 years, and justice of the peace about 24 years ; in 1838 and '39, was town representative, and has from time to time held other town offices. .When not engaged in public business, his pur- suit has ever been agricultural, being located on the farm on which Ms father settled in 1802. He is now living with his fourth wife. The Rev. L. M. Biirington, mentioned by Eev. Mr. God- ding in liis sketch of East Burke, is his son ; and H. A. Burington, in the specimen department of this chapter, a liberally educated young lady, now engaged in teaching, his daughter. And our venerable State Antiquarian Society Pres- ident (H. Stevens, Esq.) may be gratified to know there is a blooming bevy of younger daugh- ters in this family still taught to dexterously turn the somewhat antiquated spinning-wheel. ]Mi\ B. has from time to time written several poems, which have appeared in different journals of the day. An obituary notice to his first wife (who died of an epidemic fever in 1832) was transcribed by Rev. Hosea Ballou, 2d, into a book entitled, " Happy Deaths." In the fall of 1842, erysipelas commenced in the northern sec- tion of the State, and continued its fatal ravages for about 6 months, till a twenty-eighth part of the inhabitants of this town were its victims ; a large proportion of the population clothed in mourning ; a melancholy gloom visible in each countenance ; and it was difficult to obtain assis- tance sufficient to alleviate the wants of the sick and dying. January and February, the disease was the most prevalent and fatal. The close of this sadly eventful year he chronicled in verse, and for the fallen mourned : — " They sank 'neath autumn's chilling blast, And with the leaf grew pale and sere; Their memory only with the past Is mirrored with the dying year." Jan. 1, 1843, which he inscribes "Unhappy New Year," the second Mrs. B., a lady of un- usual attainments for those days, — the affection- ate, the gentle, and the congenial wife, whose memory is still fragrant in the old farmhouse, — died of the fatal erysipelas. In the "InMemo- riam " which commemorated again his dead, he thus touchingly generalizes sorrow : — " There lives not in this world of human mould, Not even savage Nature's rudest child, A form so dull, affectionless, and cold, Midst gloomy forests born, or deserts wild, But he has sometimes felt, when doomed to part, The last sad hopeless sorrows of the heart." Near the close of liis 69th year, he is still en- gaged in the active business of life. May a score of years yet crown his worthy head, who, in his waning manhood, with a pleasant pathos sings, — FAREWELL MY YOUTH. " Farewell my youth ! thy star was bright. And mildly did it beam on me ; But nevermore upon my sight Will fall its pure, its heavenly light, — Dear in the waste of memory. Farewell my youth ! thy dream of love Was like the sunset's brilliant calm, When not a leaf the breezes move ; But never more my soul shall prove Its luxury and dewy balm. Farewell my youth ! thy years are past, Thy hopes and sunny smiles are gone, — I knew they could not always last ; Like roses on the torrent cast, A moment, and their joys were flown." — Ed. WINNIE. Down beneath the drooping willows, ' By the streamlet's limpid wave. Where the wild -birds sing above it, Is a little, new-made grave, — In it lieth all of Winnie That could die, WhUe his soul, immortal, liveth In the sky. Three short summers scarce are measured, Since on earth his life begun ; But the world was all too sinful For our sweet and gentle one, — All too rough for his pure spirit Long to dwell. And the Father called him homeward, — " All is well." Fare thee well, our darling Winnie, Till we pass the river cold ; Through the pearly gates celestial. Through the shining streets of gold, Thou shalt be our guardian angel, Watching o'er, Guiding us in paths of virtue Evermore. HENRIETTA ADALAIDE EUKINGTON. 310 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. DIUGE. Close gently her eyes, in their long dreamless slum- ber, Fold meekly the arms o'er the heart that's now still, Oh bear her away from that now broken number, The place that is vacant none other may fill. Ko more will her smile banish sorrow and sadness From hearts that are swept by grief a death-flood- ing, wave, Ko more will she join in the gay song of gladness. — That voice once so sweet is now hushed for the grave. She's far above sorrow, nor heeds she the weeping Of friends who on earth ever blest her Avith love ; Ye've paid the last tribute, she's now in the lieep- ing Of angels, — Oh, leave her in glory above. S. N. WELCH. EAST BURKE, &c. BY EEV. K. GODDING. On the eastern slope of Burke Mountain, the Dishmill Brook rises, which takes its name from the cu-cumstance that in the early settlement of the town, a man by the name of Walter built a small shop here, where he turned wooden plates, dishes, and bowls, of different shapes and sizes. At the junction of this brook Avith the Passump- sic Eiver, is the village of East Burke. In this part of the town, previous to 1820, there were but a few families. In that year the Rev. Rufus Godding, some 10 years before he commenced preaching, purchased the lot of land where the village is located, and commenced clearing away the forest to make a farm. In 1825 he sold 10 acres, at first cost, to Jo- seph Wood, to encourage him to build a set of mills and commence a village. Wood moved into Godding's house, and commenced building a dam across the river. Coming in one evening from his work, he said, using liis familiar by- word, " By gracious ! there are bears in the place, and I'll have Mr. Bruin in the morning." The next morning he and his son, with two of the neighbors, started with dog and guns, and before sum-ise killed two bears and brought them in. " Now," said Wood, " I will have some of the gentleman for breakfast." He breakftxsted de- liciously, and went to his work. In that year he completed his saw-mill, and put it in operation. The next year he built a grist-mill. Soon others settled in the place : Mr. C. C. Newell, who built a blacksmith shop, and Mr. C. Harvey, who opened a store. Wood remained a few years, when, becoming invoh'cd in del)t, he sold his interest in the village to Willard Spen- cer, and removed to Victory, where, several miles from any inhabitant, he built another saw-mUl ; but his stay was short. From thence he removed to Lyndon ; then to Brighton, East Haven, and Newark, building a saw-mill in each place, — his last being in Newark. In his history we find one ever ready to shake the bush, but who caught no bird. He finally came back, and died at the liouse of his daughter, in East Burke. Spencer built a new grist-mill, dwelling-house, shop, &c., and the village slowly increased until A.D. 1852. In the fall of this year Spencer sold all his property in the village to D. P. Hall. Soon after this sale we had a heaA^y freshet, which carried off the old grist-mill, bridge, dwelling- house, shed, shop, &c., leaving the new grist- mill tottering on its foundation, in the centre of a deep gulf many rods in width, caused by the flood. Tliis took place in the night, and the work of destruction was not so clearly seen ; but the crash of buildings, and the giving way of the earth under the feet of those who were clearing the house and other buildings. Some barely es- caped from a watery grave, their property being borne down the once beautiful but now dark and ten'ible Passumpsic. The inhabitants on either side, opposite their homes but a few rods, passed the lonely night, there being no way of reach- ing their homes without a jom-ney of many miles. The next morning hundi-eds of people assembled to behold the devastation so suddenly and unexpectedly made. Some remarked, East Burke is sunk, and can never rise again. But Mr. Hall, with an energy and enterprise seldom equalled, repau-ed the dam and grist-mill, filled in part the gulf, and buUt a new saw-mill, probably the best in the county, at a cost of some SlO or §12,000, since which time there has been quite an increase in business and building, for a small place. There are now 2 meeting-houses, 3 stores, 1 hotel, 2 saw-mills, 1 grist-mill, plan- ing and clapboard macliine, 2 blacksmith shops, 3 shoe shops, a post-office, starch factory, um- brella stick factory, a rejiair shop, cabinet shop, and a good schoolhouse, in which school is sus- tained 9 months in the year. One incident occurred in 1846, near East Burke, which shows that God takes care of his own thi-ough life, and takes them home to himself as he pleases. There was a Mr. Newell and his wife,* some 70 years of age, poor in things of this world, but rich in fiiith, and heirs of the king- dom. She was his third wife, and he was her third husband. They lived in a small log house, at the foot of a steep bank, in a retired place. Being destitute of food and fuel, the neighbors carried in a good supply of the necessaries of life, for which they were very thankful. IVIrs. Newell, a few days after this, in conversation with some of her neighbors, remarked that they were poor, and that it would be difficult to sup- port themselves, and they hardly knew what to do. She said that her cliildren were willing to maintain her, but not her husband ; and that his children would support him, but Avere not willing to support her, and they could not bear the thought of being separated. Slie said, " We have concluded to IIa'c together, and hope to die to- *She was a daughter of the Eev. Peleg Hix, the first settled minister of Burke. BURKE. 311 gctlier." A short time after this- conversation, there was a heavy rain during the night, which caused an avalanche or slide in the hill back of their house, which came down with such force as to carry away the roof, and fill the entire house with earth to the depth of some 5 feet. It was discovered the next morning by a man who was passing by. He informed the inhabitants of the village, many of whom immediately repaired to the place and commenced removing the earth, which in a moment of time had unroofed the house, and buried its occupants alive, while in bed, apparently asleep, as appeared when the cold, thick, heavy, earthy covering was removed from their lifeless remains. Near the bed a Bible was found lying on the stand. They had doubt- less read the Word of God, and in prayer had committed to him the keeping of theh souls, and fell asleep to wake no more on earth. And in this providence it seemed that their desires were granted ; they were not separated in life, nor di- vided by death. A large congregation assembled on the day of their interment, and on many a manly face the tear stole silently down as they saw them lie side by side in death, and borne away to rest in one grave. THE FIKST BAPTIST CHURCH Was organized April 29, 1801, Barnabas Thur- ber, clerk and first deacon. Elder Peieg Hix preached in Burke several years previous to his instalment, I find by the records. In 1803, 9 were added to the church ; in 1806, 27 ; and probably Elder Hix was installed by a council of elders, May 1, 1807. He remained pastor until April 13, 1809, when he was, at his request, dis- missed from pastoral care, in full fellowship with said church. In A. D. 1810, it appears this church enjoyed a precious revival, and 30 addi- tions, mostly by baptism. There was no other minister settled as pastor, but others were em- ployed to preach and administer the ordinances to the church. Among the many, I name the following reverend gentlemen : Colby, Palmer, Beckwith, Ide, Davison, Fisher, Grow, Mitchel, and Doge. This church, for the want of a per- manent place of worshiiJ, and the lack of means to sustain a settled minister among them, did not prosper as they otherwise might. Additions were made ; but dismissions, removals, and death, reduced their numbers, and placed additional dis- couragements in their way. THE GENERAL BAPTIST CHUECH Was organized in the spring of 1830, consisting of 2 males and 4 females. Rev. Jonathan Woodman labored with them several years, and in 1831, R. Godding was licensed to preach. In 1834, Mr. Godding was called to ordination and the pastorate. Prom time to time additions were made and revivals enjoyed, till, in 1840, it numbered 42. At this time 8 members of the fii-st-mentioned church united with this, and the two churches became one, and united with the Danville Baptist Association. In 1841, 25 mem- bers were added. Rev. N. Denison, who preached in several towns in this State, and Skeneateles, N. Y., with so much success, and died a few years since at Mendota, 111., was, at his conversion, re- ceived into this church, and by it licensed to preach the gospel. 1852 and '53 were its most discouraging days, not having any place of worship but in a Union house, and their minister preaching with them but part of the time. In 1855, they decided to sell their interest in the Union house, and build a house themselves. In March, 1856, their house was finished and dedicated. It cost about $4,000, and for convenience and taste is seldom surpassed in a country village. Since that time they have had constant preaching on the Sab- bath, and have been greatly prospered. Rev. Mr. Godding, who became their pastor in 1834, still sustains that relation. Within the last 4 years 75 have been received into fellowship. The aggregate number of members has been about 210. The number of members belonging to the Baptist church is about 116. EDUCATION. There have been a number of good scholars who have gone out from this place and became eminent teachers, who have not taken a full col- legiate course, viz. : George Buckman, Rev. C. M. Gushing, and L. M. Burington. The fol- lowing have graduated at college, viz. : I. D. Newell, an able and successful Baptist minis- ter, who labored in this State, New York, and Il- linois until his death; Daniel Ladd, now a missionary at Smyrna; B. P. Denison, attor- ney at law in California ; B. P. Rat, a Congre- gationalist clergyman in this State ; and A. W. Godding, a teacher in one of the city schools in Providence, R. I., and associate editor of the " Rhode Island Schoolmaster." EDUCATION. — AN E3^TRACT. We once heard of an interesting little fellow, to whom was given a beautiful rose-tree. It was to be his own, to cultivate and to admire. He was delighted with his ti-easure, and bestowed upon it his most assiduous care. He watered it, loosened the soil about it, and watched its pro- gress till it put forth its green foliage, and was at last covered with little rose-buds. As these were very much hidden by the thick leaves, he cut them away, and exposed them to the sun. Af- ter a few days, he saw a little opening on the side of several buds, through which he spied the colored petals. In his impatience to gather the fragrant roses, that he might carry them to his mother, he plucked away the calyx and unfolded the petals. But in the moi-ning, he was sadly disappointed to find that his roses were all with- ered away. ..... 312 \t:rmont historical magazine. A profound tliinkcr once asked, " What be- comes of all the bright children 1 " Does not the fate of the little rose-buds furnish a practi- cal solution ? Many a parent, who would sternly chide the nurse that should attempt too soon to teach their little one to walk, do, after all, precisely the same thing in the management of their minds. The earlier years of the child are sufficiently occupied with words and things. When his mind is matured, then give him ideas, and permit liim to remember, to imagine, and to reason. It is evident, that many parents and teachers, and even school supervisors, expect too much from children. It is necessary that the vai'ious faculties should be somewhat developed before mature results can be expected from their exercise. . . Besides, the minds of all cliildren are not uniformly progressive. . . Some are more quickly matured tlian others. . . It is by no means a sure evidence that a pupil may not ulti- mately succeed, because he is backward at an eai-ly stage of his education. There is far more danger from too rapid, than from too slow pro- gress. The anxiety of many parents to make their childi-en proficients very often defeats itself. Thousands, who might have been able men, were spoiled in vain efforts to make them remarkable children. Shakspeare and Milton speak com- plainingly of their- "late spring." But where are those prodigies of whom we have heard so much 1 Let us then learn a lesson from the i^rocesses of nature. The leaves must sliield the tender buds from the scorching rays of the sun ; and the rough calyx is reqmred to confine the petals till their color and fragrance are duly perfected. We must not expect to turn out perfect scholars to order. Indeed, it may be suspected that there is some mistake when such examples are exhibited. Let children be childlike ; but when they ai'e men, not till then, let them " put away childish things." A. w. godding. SEVEN WONDEKS OF GEOLOGY. BY MISS D. W. GODDING. Miss G., a native of Burke, educated herself for a successful teacher without any pecuniary aid. She has taught in several 2}laces in this State, the city of Hartford, Ct., St. Louis, Mo., and is now Principal in a Ladies^ Boarding School in St. Anthony, Minne- sota. (ISGO.) I wonder how deep, In a fatliomless sleep, Lay the earth in her primitive state, "When Jehovah passed by, With his fiat so high, And each particle ran to its mate. I wonder how low The old primaries go. Mysteriously building so long — That time sped away In long ages ere they Could form a foundation so strong. I wonder what power Thus caused tliem to tower, And lift their grey beads to the skies ; While the loftiest hills Have the granite for rills, And their tops interspersed as they rise. I wonder how trees, And the fish of the seas, So ventured (the truth nature shocks) That they should intrude, In a manner so rude, Even into the centre of rocks. 1 wonder what time. In old Ocean's young prime, Little insects so busy could be, As to form in vast piles Those coral-reef isles, Springing up in the midst of the sea. I wonder, below, What I never can know, Of that ocean whose fiery tides lave The crust of the earth Since the morn of its birth, — Lo, it rises and falls with its wave, I wonder what hour, By Omnipotent Power, Creation's vast wheel shall be stayed. And the internal fire, Bursting forth in its ire, Earth's funeral pile shall be made. DANVILLE. — TO 1860. BY M. T. O. ALEXANDER. Part of that tract of country now known as DanviUe, and granted by New York, was origi- nally called Hillsboro'* — a name at once apt, and descriptive of its most prominent natural fea- tures, being for the most part a high, elevated, and withal a notoriously hilly region, lying along tlie base of a still more elevated and broken range of country to the westward, known as Cow Hill, Walden Mountain, &c., and which range extends far into the northern portion of the State. The exact limits and boundaries of old Hills- boro' cannot at this time be ascertained with any degree of certainty. It was most probably given to a certain tract running north and south, and embracing all that the original State grant of 1786 covered, and also some of the western por- tion of St. Johnsbury. From some cause equally obscure, the old name of Hillsboro', on the issu- ing of the charter of 1786, or even before, was set aside, and in these latter years has, we pre- sume, been entirely forgotten. During the early struggle of the then New Hampshire Grants for a separate state existence, the efforts of E. Allen and associates were encouraged and assisted by the French consul then at Boston, Hector St. John Crevecoeur. Allen and associates, wishing to show their appreciation of these timely ser- vices, named several townships in honor of dis- tinguished Frenchmen. Danville, in accordance with this noble intention, was named in honor of the distinguished French Admiral, D'Anville. His name is neither written on pillars of brass * A name never put on record in the town. DAI^VILLE. 313 or towers of stone, but fastened to the eternal hills, which are his monument. Spring of 1783 or '84, Charles Hackett, the pioneer of this mountain region, opened a spot for his cabin just south of the house now occupied by Peter Bovee, on what is now called the " Isaac Morrill Pitch." This improvement was bought by Isaac Morrill, who subsequently set- tled on the farm. Mr. Hackett made a second pitch upon a spot just north of this first, now called the "Charles Sias Pitch." This improve- ment was bought by Capt. Charles Sias, for which he gave a cow. Mrs. Hackett was the first woman who came into this town ; but, dread- ing the severity of the winter, remained only through the summer, and returned to Peacham. 1784, March. Capt. Charles Sias, with his family, made the first actual settlement here. His wife was the first white woman who dared to breast the long and dreary winter of this deep, unbroken wilderness. Mr. Sias drew his family and effects into town from Peacham on a hand- sled. Mr. Sias brought with him 10 children, seven sons and three daughters, as follows : Solomon, Joseph, Charles, John, James, Nathan, Samuel, Sarah, Polly, and Abigail. The snow was very deep, and the way was trackless. No mark was there to guide them, save the long line of spotted trees leading away into the dark for- ests. The father, with Solomon, Joseph, Charles, and John, and the three daughters, made the first company. Mr. Sias, with two men to assist, went forward on snow-shoes, and drew the sled, loaded with the girls and some goods, the boys following. They reached their log cabin early in the after- noon, dug it out from beneath the snow, which had nearly buried it, left John and the sisters to take care of themselves through the night, — the others retm'ned to Peacham. John was but 1 1 years old, and was the first male child that ever slept in Danville. The next day, came the mother with the other children, on the hand-sled. In three days more the effects were all removed, and the lone family began their hard labors upon the wilderness. They commenced by tapping the maples, which stood thick around them in the most beautiful groves, affording them sugar in abundance, and supplied, in a great degree, the lack of other food. Thus was settled the first family in this town. The father, Charles Sias, was the first captain of the first military company in town, and was one of the first members of the Calvinist Baptist Chm'ch in Danville. In this year, Sargent Morrill commenced chopping in town. 1785. During this year, or in the spring of 1786, some 50 emigrants fi-om New Hampshire and Massachusetts, Essex Co., had settled here as "squatters." The first settlers in Danville were Charles Sias, Sargent Morrill, Daniel Wheeler, Daniel Cross, Abraham Morrill, Jer- emiah Morrill, Abner Morrill, Paul Morrill, Jo- seph Magoon, Timothy Batchelder, E. Howard, James Kiteridge, and Israel Bi-ainard. In Gen. Bailey's list, of some years after, among the Pro- prietors' Records, the number of settlers was 54. 1786. Oct. 27. This township was granted. Oct. 31, of same year, the town was chartered to Gen. Jacob Bailey, Jesse Leavenworth, Moses Lit- tle, John McKisson, Luke Knowlton, James Whit- law, Alexander Harvey, Ira Allen, and Thomas Chittenden. The grant covered 73 rights, of 300 acres each, which, with 17 settler's rights, and 4 public rights of same amount, gave an area of about 28,000 acres. At the approach of winter, all those that came into town during the past year or two, except Charles Sias and Daniel Cross, returned to their former homes. 1787. Those that left in the fall of 1786, re- turned in the spring. During the wintei-, 40 additional families joined the settlement, and from this time the ingress was very rapid. March 20, the town was organized, the meeting being holden at the house of Daniel Wheeler, near the centre of the town. The following is a list of the first town officers of Danville : — Sargent Morrill, Moderator ; Abraham Morrill, Town Clerk ; Charles Sias, Israel Brainard, Jeremiah Morrill, Selectmen ; Daniel Wheeler, Consta- ble; Zebediah Parker, Tythingman; Abner Mor- rill, Charles Sias, James Kiteridge, and Joseph Magoon, Surveyors of Highways ; Samuel Ful- ler, Hayward, Timothy Batchelder, Pence Viewers. The first child born in town was named Dan- ville Howard, (sometimes in the records spelled Hayward). The date of his birth was in the summer of 1787. The conch which was blown at his birth, is still in existence somewhere in Ohio. The grant of land which the first-bom was to receive, was never deeded, as the child was not long-lived, — not more than 3 years. 1788. Dec. 25, was married, by Abraham Mon-ill, Esq., Joseph Page to Abigail Morrill. This v/as the first marriage in town. 1789. Six years before this, a solitary man sat himself down among these wooded hills . Now, so rapidly has emigration been pouring in during these few years, it is estimated that there are no less than 200 families in town. The re- sult of so rapid an increase of population, and the consequent increased drain iqoon the limited means of the settlers, accompanied with a severe drought, was a great scarcity of provisions. The sufferings of that time were very severe. Maple sugar formed the chief article of food. Like the manna of the ancient Hebrews, it was really a providence in the time of hunger and famine. No doubt, those stern old fathers blessed the for- est trees that gave them food and life. Large quantities of com and other provisions were brought from Essex County, Mass., whence many of the settlers had emigrated, a distance of nearly 200 miles, and over roads barely passable. 1790. Improvements had been commenced 314 "^t:rmont msTOEiCAL magazine . on nearly every lot in town. About this time, John AVebber opened the first store in town, on the form now owoied by Gen. Stephen Dole, near the centre of the town, and near the site of the present Centre District sehoolhouse. 1792, Oct. 29. Walden Gore, containing 2,828 acres, and situated in the western part of the town, was annexed to this township. When Caledonia County was established from a portion of old Orange, there arose quite a stiife between the towns of Peacham and Danville, as to which should be the shire town. Finally, the difficulty was adjusted by Danville's being made the sliii-e, and Peacham's taking the grammar school. 1795. 1796, Sept. Aaron Hartshorn and Thomas Dow, for and in consideration of £30, deeded to the County a parcel of land containing 4 acres, situated in Danville Green Village, to have and to hold the same so long as the Public Buildings should remain at Danville. 1802. Soon after this to^vnship was granted, difficulties began to arise between the settlers and the several grantees, respecting the quantity of land to which they were entitled. Settlers' meetings were holden, and committees chosen ; there ^\ere proprietors' meetings and conferences; but, seemingly, all to no pui'pose. Piually, the matter was refcn-ed to the General Assembly. Commissioners were appointed, the grounds of dilierenco investigated, and a report made. The result of tliese investigations and deliberations was, that the General Assembly decided on issu- ing, and did accordingly issue, a new or " quiet- ing charter" to the proprietors, November 12, 1802. The first survey of this township was made by Ebcn Thompson, who came here as early as 1787, and was one of the first who settled in the north part of the to\\Ti. Joshua Stevens sometime after made a re-suiwey, altering the former lines in certain cases, clipping certain lots, and adding to others. His survey was considered the most correct ; and the lines as established by him are still adhered to in all latter transactions touching the partition of lands. 1805. The General Assembly convened here. The House met in the old Court House hall ; the Council met in the hall of the hotel. The old Court Plouse at that time stood on the west side of the Green, nearly opposite the Bank. The Jail stood on the east side of the Green, opposite the Court House. Deweysburgh was a tract of 5,310 acres, lying between Danville and Peacham, from its shape called the Boot, and chartered to Elijah Dewey and associates, Feb. 28, 1782. It was organized as a town, and represented in the General Assem- bly foiir years. 1810, Nov. Was divided by act of the Legis- lature, and the southern half annexed to Peach- am, and the northern half to Danville, making the area of Danville to be 33,483 acres, or over 50 square miles. 1812. During the war, a company was raised here to serve six months. This company was stationed near the line. Joseph Morrill was the captain; John A. Stanton, lieutenant; Luther Bugbee, ensign ; Harvey Kelsey, Lidce Swett, Plummer Sa^^'yer, (who had abeady sen-cd in the war of the Revolution), Samuel Langmaid, Solomon Langmaid, John Bickford, Peter Heath, William Heath, Asa Glincs, Moses Varney, Ja- son Wilkins, Samuel Long, James Watson, Leavitt Daniels, Stutson West, Ephraim Harts- horn, JeiTy Walker, Josh Otis, Noah Willey, who was stationed at Portsmouth, N. H. At the expiration of the six months, Captain Morrill's company was discharged. He then raised a vol- unteer company of " years men," who served till peace was declared. Solomon Langmaid served as a di-agoon at the battle of Plattsburgli. He is still living in New York, as ready to fight against tyi-anny as ever. Hiram Kelsey raised a company, but was not called out. Dming the mnter of 1812, there were two com- panies of Kentucky Dragoons quartered here, commanded by Captains Hall and Butler. One company was quartered on the Charles Sias Pitch, and one at the old " Mears " house, about a mile south of the Green. They came from Burlington here on account of tlie abund- ance of forage and provisions. Among them was a big, burly bully, who considered himself in- vincible in all rough-and-tumble figlits, and was continually annoying all who came in contact with him. One day, at Cash's Tavern, in the Village, sitting before the huge fireplace, was a young man by the name of John Wilson, who had just returned from a season's work at rafting on the Canadian rivers. He was a tall, power- ful man, all brawn, and sinews like whijj-cord, and weighed when in " fighting trim " some 240 or '50 pounds. As Wilson was composedly sit- ting there, Mr. Bully took a chair, and deliber- ately sat down in front of liim, (W.), and be- tween him and the fire. Wilson raised his foot, and with tremendous force sent him sprawling into the fire. Bully leaped up, and made at Wilson, who met him with a blow that would have stunned an ox. Two of Bully's friends then essayed to help, but Wilson, backing into a comer, knocked them down as often as they came within reach of his arm. Wilson's sledge- hammer blows soon decided the day in his favor. "Now," says Wilson, "I have two brothers at home, and we three will be here on such a day, (naming it), when we will engage to whip the whole regiment of you." They came on the ap- pointed day, but their antagonists did not see fit to ajipear. 1826. The Bank of Caledonia, located in this town, was chartered, with a capital of $50,000, since increased to $75,000. DANVILLE. 315 1843. Erysipelas, in its most malignant form, raged here, carrying- off some 30 or 40 persons, mostly young persons and women at childbirth. During the early history of the town, it had a marked influence in the councils of the State; and for many years, even up to and during Anti- Masonic times, (from 1828 to 1835), stood among the foremost in the State for its wealth and pro- ductions, the energy and public spirit of its peo- ple. Its citizens were the recipients of the high- est honors in the gift of the people. Many causes, however, both physical and moral, which we have not space to detail, have operated seri- ously to lessen her influence and popularity. Old Danville has settled down at length into a quiet, staid old town, shorn of her honors, and forgotten of those who once were glad of her protection. 1855. The General Assembly, setting at naught its former guarantees and obligations of 1795, and against the express wishes of a large portion of the county, removed the public build- ings to St. Johnsbury. 1860. Danville generally, the northern and eastern portions especiallj-, is not surpassed in the northern portion of the State for its depth and richness of soil, the abundance and quality of its productions. It is well watered and well timbered. There are three medicinal springs in town, strongly impregnated with sulphuretted hydrogen gas and iron. One is near North Danville Village, one about a mile east of Dan- ville Green Village, the thuxl is by the bank of Joe's Brook, a short distance below Greenbank's Village. The three are in a direct N. and S. line. There are five villages here. The oldest in point of time, and largest in size, is Danville Green Village, very pleasantly situated on ele- vated land, near the centre of the town, and in the midst of a fine farming countiy. It com- mands a sm-passingly beautiful view of the far- famed White Hills and Pranconia Notch, which loom up m,ajestically against the eastern sky. North Danville Village, five miles north of the Green, is on Sleeper's Brook, a tributary of the Passtimpsic Eiver, and is in the immediate vicinity of some of the finest land in town. Samuel Chamberhn was the first to make im- provements at this point, having removed here from his former location on what is called the old Trescott Place, some one and a half miles north of the Green, in accordance with the sug- gestion and advice of Gen. Chamberlin, who came from Peacham on a visit. West Danville Village, Harvey's Hollow, and Greenbank's Vil- lages, are on Joe's Brook, and have fine mill- privileges. Jesse Leavenworth, one of the orig- inal grantees of the town, settled in town very early, on or near the old Hazen Military Eoad, wliich runs through the western part of the town, and he erected the mills at West Danville Vil- lage, at the mouth of Joe's Pond. Joe's Pond covers about 1,000 acres, and was once famed in the land for the abundance and superior quality of its trout ; but now, alas ! containing only the voracious pike, sucker, and other of this ilk. Some 25 or 30 years ago, some very public-spir- ited and benevolently-minded scamp transported a quantity of these destroyers from afar into Ly- ford's Pond, whose waters connect with Joe's Pond, and has been rewai-ded ever since with the cm-ses of every decent man in the country. CONGREGATIONAL CHUECH. BT HON. A. MCMILLAN. This church was organized Aug. 7, 1792 ; 20 persons then became members, some by letter, some by profession, and others belonging to dif- ferent denominations. The Eev. John Fitch was then invited to take its pastoral charge, and on the 30th of Oct., 1793, was ordained and in- stalled as their first pastor, — salary $275 per annum. His ministry extended to Oct. 1, 1816, a term of 23 years, when his pastoral relation with the church and society ceased. Rev. Jeremiah Plint succeeded him, and was settled as their pastor July, 1817, and in March, 1818, was dismissed. Eev. Edward HoUister was settled March 26, 1823, and, on account of ill health, dismissed May 7, 1826. He was suc- ceeded by the Eev. Elderkin J. Boardman, set- tled Jan. 3, 1827, and dismissed Oct. 9, 1833; 120 were added to the chm'ch during his pasto- rate. Eev. David A. Jones, from England, was settled March 25, 1835, and at the close of his 4th year dismissed. In the beginning of the year 1840, Eev. E. C. Hand commenced his ministiy in Danville, and after about 1 year was installed as pastor. Mr. Hand was dismissed Sept. 16, 1846, after an acceptable and useful ministry of 5| years. Eev. David Perry was settled in Feb. 1847, and dismissed April, 1850. He was succeeded by the Eev. John Dudley, as stated supply, for the tenn of 6 years. The Eev. John Eastman is now acting pastor, hav- ing acceptably supplied the pulpit for the last 4 years. While the chm'ch has had in its communion 600 members, the whole membership at present is but 140. Four meeting-houses have been built by the church and society since its organ- ization, and their present house of worship, built in modern style, is a large, beautiful edifice, with bell, organ, and clock. METHODIST CHURCH. ET JUDGE HOWAKD OF DANVILLE. The first records of the Methodist Church at Danville Station show the first quarterly meet- ing was holden Oct. 1-2, 1803, and Elder Lems Bates the first minister, or one of the first, as Phineas Peck appears to have been there about the same time. Samuel Bachelder was steward in 1803, and, for anything that appears of record, the only steward at that time. Danville circuit, as early 316 VERMONT HISTORICAL JIAGAZINE. as 1806 and probably as early as 1803, embraced I within its bounds the towns of Danville, Barton, Burke, Cabot, Greensboro', Hardwick, Ivirby, Lyndon, Peacham, Sutton, (then called Billy- mead,) "Walden, and Waterfotd. These to^vns were probably visited and supplied with Metho- dist preaching at stated periods, as the itinerants passed around the circuit. Aaron Bickford was baptized by Elder Joseph Crawford, Sept. 30, 1803, and is probably the first person baptized on this circuit. Nathaniel Hart and John Bachelder were baptized Oct. 1, 1 803, by the same elder, which were the only per- sons baptized on the circuit that year. In 1S04, there were some 20, or more, baptized ; and among the number appears the name of Solo- mon Sias, as receiving that ordinance July 22, and "Wilbur Fisk, on the 9th day of Sept. Archelaus Sias was baptized Dec. 21, 1805, and his wife Jan. 5, 1806, both by Joseph Fairbanks, circuit preacher, and were received into the church, Jan., 1806. Solomon Sias was received into the church, and "licensed to travel and preach," in 1805, and in a very few years be- came quite a popular preacher, and for many years exerted a very favorable and controlling influence throughout New England. Archelaus Sias became a local elder, and spent his days in Danville, where, by his uniform, pious and con- sistent life, he has exerted an influence in favor of religion worthy of the man and of Methodism. The Methodist church at Danville had no meeting-house in which to worship until the year 1822 ; that year they built a chapel 40 by 55 feet, on land given to the church by the Hon. B. F. Deming. It was a neat, plain house, in a pleas- ant location, and cost not far from $2000. In 1825, the church built the present parson- age, with a small barn attached. A new barn has since been built, and the parsonage repaired. In 1842-3 the chapel was moved back a few feet and raised up, and enlarged by 22 feet addi- tion in front, with a cupola upon it, and a base- ment story underneath. The house is finished inside in a very neat style, all new pews, and a pulpit of a more modern height and form than the old one, all of which cost nearly, or quite, $2000. [Of the Baptist chiurch or churches in Danville, we have, as yet, received no account ; but ear- nestly request them to send in their record for the next number. ed.] PHILLIPS ACADEMY. BY HON. A. MCMILLAN. This institution was chartered by an act of the Legislature of Vermont, Oct. 1840. By the will of Paul D. Phillips, Esq., a citi- zen of the town of Danville, the sum of $2000 was bequeathed and given its inhabitants, pro- vided they, or any part of them, should forth- with erect and finish a suitable and substantial building near the Green, to be distinguished and known as "Phillips Academy;" and also pro- cure from tlie Legislature an act of incorporation. Through the generous contributions of a few of the inhabitants of the said town, the pro- visions of the will were complied with, a beautiful and imposing edifice erected; and in Oct. 1841, the institution went into successful operation, under the charge of the Rev. A. Fleming. Its success up to the present day gives evidence of its usefulness. TOWN STATISTICS OF ISfiO. FURNISHED BY JUDGE MCMILLAN. Population, June 1, 1860, 2547. Productions of the year preceding June 1, 1860. Potatoes, 58,188 bushels. Butter, 114,980 pounds. Maple sugar, 165,925 lbs. Hay, 8,272 tons. Horses, June 1, 1860, 795. Cows, do. do. 1,234. Other cattle, do. 2,290. BIOGRAPHICAL. [We here resume Mr. Alexander's MS. — Ed.] ELI BICKFORD Was bom in Durham, N. H., Sept. 29, 1754. His early life was spent on the farm with his parents ; but, during his 21st year, war having broken out with England, aroused at once the spirit of independence and resistance against oppression. Being of a bold and adventurous spirit, he soon enlisted as a private in his coun- try's service. Several months, however, having elapsed, and being called into no engagement with the enemy, loginging for more exciting scenes, he embarked on board a vessel privately cruising on the north-cast coast. During their first engagement with an English man-of-war, he, with the rest of the crew, were taken prisoners, and for a time confined on board the " Old Jersey." Soon, with others, he was sent to England, where for more than four years he was kept in close confinement. Many pleasing anecdotes are re- lated by him, concerning this period of his life. Having found a piece of the hinge of a door, the prisoners formed a plan to escape, by digging a passage under ground sufficient to admit of their egress. One morning the keeper came into the prison and said, " Well, Bickford, I hear that you are digging out; how soon will you be ready to go '? " " To-morrow night," was the reply. " Oh, that is only some of your nonsense," was the rejoinder of the keeper. To wliich Bick- ford replied, " However, this is our intention ; " and when the time came the keeper found it true. After digging a passage for some distance under ground, concealing the dirt in their hammocks, made into bags for this purpose, coming under an adjoining house, they took up the brick floor. DANVILLE. 317 unlocked the door, and passed out. After con- cealing tliemselres for a time, hoping by some means to escape from the Island, but being un- able to do so on account of the vigilant watch which was instituted, they finally made a con- tract with a man who should return them to the prison, and give them one half of the reward of 40 shillings sterling which was offered for their recapture. So successful was this game that it was afterward played several times, whenever their empty pui-ses needed replenishing. At length, when peace was declared, an exchange of prisoners being made, he was set at liberty, and returned to New Hampshire, where he was soon married to Abigail Rand, of Deerfield. Owing to the depreciation in value of Continental money at this time, his entire propei-ty, personal and real estate, amounted to the sum of $7, one of which went to pay the parson's fee. In 1792 and '93, many settlers emigrated to Northern Vermont ; and he among the rest, with his wife and 4 children, found a home in what was then an almost unbroken wilderness. Selecting a location in the eastern part of Danville, he at once commenced the arduous work of clearing up a farm and erecting a log house. Scarcely had he commenced his labors before he was pros- trated by a fever, and the strong man was laid low. Dark was the prospect which opened be- fore liim. A long, cold winter had already com- menced. The settlers, it is true, were kind ; but they, too, were poor, and so few in number that Ml-. Bickford has frequently said that he has seen all the men in town sit on one log. Added to this, his house was not yet completed. One day, as a nei^bor listened to his delirious vaga- ries and fearful forebodings while his reason was wandering, the man remarked that "this house must be finished." The neighbors immediately rallied, the house was completed, and Mr. B. and his family entered upon its occupancy. Of- ten has he remarked that never was he so happy in his life as when he first took possession of his new home. With untiring energy he toiled on, until he had acquired a competency for himself and 9 children, causing his wilderness home to bud and blossom as the rose. When in after years his sons and daughters left their paternal home to go forth into the wide world, his feet still lingered around the old homestead, where were associated so many pleasant scenes of the past ; and when the snows of more than 50 -Nvinters had sprinkled the brow of his youngest born, and grandchildi'en and great-grandchildren gath- ered in the old homestead, his cheerful laugh and pleasant voice was heard recounting the scenes of the long ago, — the freshness of youth that still lingered about his heart rendering him a fit companion for every age ; but when a centmy had passed, and left him still tossed upon life's billows, thought left the busy present and wan- dered back to the bright scenes of the past. The old man was a child again. On the 5th of May, 1856, at the advanced age of 101 years 7 months and 6 days, he peacefully passed up to the Saviour whom he had long loved. HON. ISRAEL PUTNAM DANA Was bom in Pomfret, Vt., April 13, 1774, and from thence came with his family to Danville in 1805. He was the fifth of a family of 12 chil- di'en of John Winchester Dana, one of the first proprietors and settlers of that town, who came from Pomfret, Conn. His mother was Hannah, eldest daughter of Gen. Israel Putnam, of Rev- olutionary fame. She inherited and transmitted much of her father's spirit to her large family. It will illustrate the hardships which were en- countered in the early settlement of Vermont, if we here put on record the narrative of an authen- tic tradition, that at the buth of Israel Putnam his father had to draw the midwife 6 miles over the hills and through deep snows, on a hand-sled. So exhausting was the labor, that, stopping to rest for a moment at the sugar-camp of his neigh- bor, Abidah Smith, he sank down insensible, and Mr. S. went on with the doctress ; thus ren- dering an important service to his future son-in- law, — the child then born, — who twenty -four years after became the husband of Sarah Smith. During his residence in Pomfret, Mr. Dana was engaged chiefly in trade. The native elements of character which marked him so decisively for a leader in whatever sphere he moved, had se- cured for him the rank of Colonel in the Vermont militia, which at that period merited and com- manded respect. On his removal to Danville, he kept for 3 or 4 years the tavern on the old stand, near the present location of the Bank. He soon also resumed his mercantile pursuits, in which he continued during his active life. As a merchant he was enterprising and successful, and his store was for many years an important and well-known centre for a wide region. He was elected high sheriff for Caledonia County, A.D. 1808, and held the office 5 years. In 1809, he took the first company of prisoners to the new state prison at Windsor, and the old- fashioned whipping-post was employed in dis- pensing justice to offenders no longer. In the war of 1812, he was an earnest sup- porter of the national administration, and active in measures for the prosecution of the war. At one time he made two journeys to Boston and back, a distance of more than 160 miles, on horseback, in 12 days, using the same horse through the entire trip. He was much employed in raising volunteers for the service and in fur- nishing the commissariat for considerable num- bers of the soldiers quartered from time to time in Danville. In 1814, he raised a company, and was on his way with them to Burlington as com- mander, when he was met at Montpelier by intelligence of the decisive battle of Plattsburg, After the war he was appointed collector, for a large district of Northern Vermont, of the direct 318 ver:mont msTOEiCiiL mag.vzint:. tax levied by the United States government, to defray tlie expenses of the war, and in the dis- charge of this office found much arduous employ- ment. In later years, he was for a considerable period member of the Governor's Council, before that organization gave place to our present Senate, and in tliis position he exerted a wide and impor- tant influence on the legislation of the State. He was prominent in the formation, and for several years tlie first president of the Vermont Mutxial Fire Insurance Company. The Bank of Caledonia was also largely indebted to his agency in securing its charter and organization. Colonel Dana was a man decided in his opiir- ions, firm in his convictions, yet always charita- ble to such as differed from him, and generous to an opponent. He possessed that enterprise, public spirit, courage, and discretion, which, united in any person, make their mark on a com- munity, and exert a signal influence, especially in the development of a new settlement. It was the habit of his mind to look below the surface ; to trace the underlying currents of larger, wider influences ; to plant liimself upon and never take his departure from sound principles. He had an eye keen to discern the right tiling to be done in critical or perplexing circumstances ; and, as he often said, made it a rule to act from first impres- sions, and that instanter. Though never inclined to protrude himself, but rather marked by a true modesty of dispositiod, he was, however, always ready to act, wherever he could do so wisely. Indolence or timidity did not tempt him to wait on the leadership of some more efficient mind. The town and the county owe much for the de- velopment of their institutions and resources to his agency and inspiration, and his name must fill a conspicuous place in any just estimate of theu" early history. His mind was esserttiaUy reverent. He al- ways held firmly, as he was early taught, the truths of the Christian religion, and ho found them practically powerful and precious in his own experience. For 30 years he was an ef- ficient and consistent member of the Congre- gational church in Danville, candying liis native zeal, courage, and prudence in counsel into his rehgious activity. His love for the cause, at homo and abroad, was strong and ardent, and his house a home for ministers of the gospel and tlie early missionaries who labored in this part of the State. To the American Board, of which he was an early and fast ft-iend, he con- tributed for tlie support of its foreign missionary enterprise. His eldest daughter, Frances, became the wife of Rev. Austin Hazen, whose pastoral life of more than 40 years was spent in Hartford and Berlin. Her surA^ving children, Allen and Sophia, became missionaries of the Board ; the former in India, the latter in Pei-sia, as the wife of Rev. David S. Stoddard. Col. Dana died June 22, 184S, at the age of 74. The wife of his youth survived him live years. It may be of sufficient interest to add, that the Rev. Judah Dana, of Fiycburg, Mc, for some years U. S. Senator, and enjoying the confidence of Gen. Jackson, was an older brother. HON. JOSEPH MOERILL "Was bom at Brentwood, N. H., in December, 1775, and had he lived till the next December, would have been 84 years old. "When about 21 years old he came to Danville, and in a year or two afterwards became a resident of our village, where he has always resided. He served in the war of 1812, was a recruiting officer, held a cap- tain's commission, and at one time was stationed on the Canada frontier near Derby Line. At another time he recruited a company of soldiers in this town, was appointed captain, and served with them several months near Lake Champlain. In 1 822, Mr. Morrill was elected a member of the Legislature, and also, we believe, represented the town another year. In 1823 and 1824, he held the office of County Court Judge, and sub- sequently, for many years, held the place of County Treasurer. The best years of his life were devoted to active business pursuits. For many years previous to his death he lived in quiet retirement, in the enjoyment of his religious faith, that of the Methodist denomination, of which church he was a constant and devoted member. All men speak well of the dead. — "North Star." EBENEZEK EATON "Was a prominent and higldy respected citizen. He was prominently known, not only in his own vicinity, but throughout the State, as the founder, and for many years the editor, of the North Star. He first came to Dau\'ille, with his family, in the autumn of 1806. He was then about 30 years of age. The town, prior to that period, had been established as the county seat, and the village had commenced to grow rapidly. Previous to this time, also, a newspaper had been established at Peacham, and, we believe, was still being published at the time it was detei-mincd to estab- lish the Star at Danville. Tlie paper at Peacham, however, was soon after discontinued. At a meet- ing of several leading citizens of Danville the name to be given the new paper was fully can- vassed ; and after various names had been sug- gested, Mr. Aaron Porter finally proposed that " The North Star" be the title, which suggestion was at once unanimously adopted. The first number of the Star was issued the first week in January, 1807. It was a small- sized sheet, but well filled -with political and mis- cellaneous reading. Its politics were cleai-ly defined, as being Republican, in opposition to the then styled Federal party. For moi-e than 30 years, Mr. Eaton was the principal editor of the Star; and during this period, his wiitings and DANVILLE. 319 the selections for his paper exerted a marked in- fluence upon the pubKc mind. During part of the time, the paper had a very large circulation, probably larger than any other political journal in the State. In several of the party contests of that day, it had also a wide and commanding in- fluence. As a political writer, Mi-. Eaton was frank, fearless, and honest in the expression of his opinions. In short, he was a good editor, and continued actively in that capacity until 1841, when his son, N. H. Eaton, became the principal editor and jjroprietor of the Star, which is still published by him at Danville. Up to the close of Mr. Eaton's life, however, he was asso- ciated with his son as nominal editor of the Star. Personally, no man was more highly respected, yea, beloved, by all classes, than Ebenezer Eaton. Though not rich in this world's goods, yet he was rich in the honor and regard extended to him by his fellow-townsmen, and all who knew him by personal acquaintance. He was kind, social, generous, and ever compassionate to the sick and afilicted. As early as 1818, Mr. Eaton became a member of the Congregational Church ; and from that time until the hour of his death, ever exemplified the character of a sincere, de- voted, liberal-minded Christian. He manifested this character in all the daily walks of life ; and especially dming the 18 years prior to his death, when, released from the cares and jjerplexities of active business, his Christian light shone pre- eminent. It had a marked and salutary effect on those around him. Eveiy one loved and honored " Father Eaton." He retained his phys- ical and mental faculties until within about two months prior to his decease. He died, calm and happy, at his residence in Danville, January 31, 1859, at the ripe age of 82 years. HON. WM. A. PALMER Was born in the town of Hebron, Ct., Sept. 12, 1781. He was the son of Stephen and Susannah Palmer, who emigrated from England before the Revolution, and was the fourth son of a family of 4 sons and 4 daughters, who all came to the age of 80 years and upwards, except the subject of this notice. At an early age dming his minority, he met with a casualty in falling upon the ice with an axe, by which he lost a part of one of his hands. This occm'rence seemed to be the means of de- termining his future course of life. By being measurably precluded from manual labor, he re- solved on the study of a profession, and soon entered, with this view, the law office of the late Hon. Judge Peters, of Hartford, Ct. He remained here for a time; when he resolved to seek Ms fortune in the new State of Vermont, about which, at that time, considerable was said as being a good place to emigrate to. Following up the Connecticut River, he finally found his way to Chelsea, Vt., where he entered the of&ce of Daniel Buck, Esq., with whom he remained for some time, peifecting himself more fully in the practice of his profession. Thinking himself tolerably well qualified for the practice of law, he applied for admission to the bar of Orange County, and was admitted in due form soon after. He then very soon started on a torn- of observation northward, travelling as far as Brownington, stopping a short time in the office of Wm. Baxter, Esq., who at that time and subsequently was a lawyer of consid- erable eminence in that place. He afterward went to Derby with a view of locating himself there, but not liking entu-ely his situation there, returned as far as St. Johnsbury, where he made a stand and opened an office for the practice of law. This was about the year 1805 or there- abouts. He remained at St. Johnsbury for a term of 2 or 3 years, when he was elected to the office of Judge of Probate for Caledonia County, and removed to Danville, the then county seat. He held this office quite a number of years, and also dming this time was County Clerk, — in the mean tune being frequently elected to represent said town in the Legislatm-e. He was elected Judge of the Supreme Comi; of Vermont in 1815 (I think). Holding this office for about 2 years, he resigned the same. In 1817, he was elected as Senator in Congress for 6 years, and also 1 year to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of James Fisk (I think). He took his seat in Congress in December, 1818, serving in this ca- pacity for 7 years, which terminated in 1825. For the next 2 or 3 years he held no office, ex- cept, perhaps, representing Danville 1 year in the Legislature, where he was instrumental in getting passed the charter of the Bank of Cale- donia, located at Danville, — devoting himself during this time to his favorite pm'suit of agri- cultm-e. In 1830, he was nominated for the office of Governor, but failed this year in the election, Hon. Samuel C. Crafts being the suc- cessful candidate. He was, however, elected Governor in 1831, holding the office 4 years, bringing it down to 1835. This may be said to have terminated his pub- lic life, although he was chosen as delegate after- ward once or twice to the Constitutional Con- vention of the State, — the last time in 1848. Soon after this period his health became im- paired, so much so as to withdraw him from all direct or active participation in affau's of a polit- ical or public character. He continued in a state of slow decline for upwards of 10 years, only be- ing confined for a short period before his death, which took place December 3, 1860. Gov. Palmer was a man of strong natural abil- ities, possessing a decided and penetrating mind. His heart and hand were ever open to the calls of want and distress, and if he erred at all in this direction, it was in being too benevolent, loving his neighbor better than himself. He was re- markable for his intelligence, high social qual- 320 VERMONT HISTORICAL IVIAGAZINE. ities, and unpretending Mmplicity of manners. In politics, he commenced as a Jeft'orsonian dem- ocrat, adhering through all the phases of party to the democratic side, supporting every dem- ocratic administration from Jefierson to Bu- chanan. He helped make in Congress the famous Com- promise line, and voted for the admission of IVIissouri into the Union with the constitution with which she presented herself. He always contended that his vote was cast honestly for that measure, and as he believed to be in accord- ance with his oath. He was, liowevcr, much censured at the time and afterwards for his voto on that occasion, but he lived long enough, how- ever, to see that line done away by the action of the party that was mainly insti-umental in its creation. Gov. Palmer was an honest and just man in all liis business ti-ansactions, a most affectionate husband and father, and in all his relations of life an estimable man. His departure was la- mented by a wide circle of friends. DE. ELDAD ALEXANDER. At a very early period, anterior to the Revo- lution, three brothers, named Alexander, emi- grated from Scotland to this country and settled at ISToi'thfield, Mass. One of the In-others, Thom- as, was a captain in the war of Independence, on the side of the colonics. A son of one of them, named Eldad, from his father, studied med- icine and resided in Hartland, Vt., and prac- tised his profession until his death, 1829. His son Eldad, the eighth of 9 children, and the subject of the present sketch, was bom May 22, 1798, in Hartland. lie graduated at Yale Med- ical College, and yet while in his minority com- menced the practice of his profession. He came to Dan\dlle in 1821, where he resided until his death, in Eeb., 1859. He attained a high rank in his profession, and up to his last illness had an extensive practice. He became specially em- inent as a surgeon, and probably was regarded as the most skilful in surgery of any in this whole section of country. He was much attached to hia profession, making it the main business of his life ; and, being a profound thinker and a great reader, added to liis acquired knowledge a thorough practical experience in medical and surgical science. Personally, he was highly respected, ever maintaining the character of a good citizen, a kind neighbor, an obliging friend, and died in fidl hope of realizing the Christian's reward. His loss is justly regarded as a public one. HON. BENJAMIN F. DE3IING. Digested from an obituary published at the time in the "North Star," by M. T. C. A. Mr. Deming entered public life early. He was first chosen County Clerk for Caledonia County, in 1819. He was subsequently Judge of Pro- bate and Councillor of the county for several years, which latter office he was peculiarly well fitted for. Several other minor offices he also held with honor to himself and the satisfaction of the public. November, 1832, as the anti- Masonic candidate, by a handsome majority, he was elected member of Congress from this, the 5th Congressional District of "Vermont. He was not, however, permitted to serve his constituents but one session in the councils of the nation. Contracting, at Washington, a disease of the bowels, he started for his Northern home, in hope of benefit from the change of air and water, but only arrived at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., where he lingered a few days, and died at the Union Hall, Friday, July 11, 1834, aged 44 years. He left a wife and young family, to whom he was affectionately devoted. In what- ever light we consider Judge Deming, his char- acter will appear alike conspicuous. With more than ordinary talent, and a naturally calm and deliberative mind, quick of perception, he was well fitted for public stations and legislative as- semblies. His business capacity and dealings, in which he was prompt, apt, correct, and emi- nently upright, have been before alluded to. As a man and citizen, he was social and winning ; equanimity of temper and habits characterizing his whole general deportment. It is written of him, " He was good to the widow and the father- less, and the poor he never sent empty away." Last, not least, he was one to whom religion was above everything else, and to whom all oilier things came in as of minor consequence ; who was thus enabled, on his dying bed, to review his past life, and exclaim, " I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith ; henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of glory." [A notice of Hon. S. Sias we have not yet been able to obtain. — Ed.] THE WICKET GATE, 'Mid the fast-falling shadows, Weary and worn and late, A timid, doubtinj^ pilgrim, I reach the wicket gate. Where crowds have stood before me, I stand alone to-night, And in the deepening' darkness Pray for one gleam of light. From the foul sloughs and marshes, I've gathered many a stain ; I've heard old voices calling From far across the plain. Now in my wretched weakness, Fearful and sad, I wait; And every refuge fails me, Here at the wicket gate. And will the portals open To me, who roamed so long, Filthy and vile and burdened, With this great load of wrong? Hark! a glad voice of welcome Bids my wild fears abate ; GEO TON. 321 Look ! for a hand of mercy Opens the wicket gate. On to the palace Beautiful ! And the bright room called Peace, Down to the silent river, Where tliou shalt find release; Up to the radiant city, Where shining ones await; On, for the way of glory Lies through the wicket gate. JULIA A. EA8TMAN. GEOTON. BY EEV. O. G. CLAKK. Grotott, situated in the south part of Cale- donia County, is bounded N. by Peacham, E. by Kyegate, S. by Topsham, and W. by Goshen Gore. Its area is 38 square miles, and it con- tained in 1830, 836 inhabitants; in 1840, 928; in 1850, 895 ; and in 1860, a slight increase on the preceding decade. Groton was chartered Oct. 20, 1789. It was settled in 1787, and consequently it is 73 years since the first settlement was made. March the 28th, 1797, it was organized by a town-meeting, held at the dwelling-house of John Darling, pursuant to a notice issued by William Cham- berlin. Justice of the Peace of the town of Peach- am. At this meeting were elected the following town officers, viz. : — Samuel Bacon, Moderator; Nathaniel Knight, Town Clerk; Samuel Bacon, Nathaniel Knight, and James Abbott, Select- men ; Jonathan James, Town Treasurer ; Wm. Prost, Constable and Collector ; Dominicus Gray, Town Grand Juror; Israel Bailey and Edmund Morse, Tithingmen; Aaron Hosmer, Jr., and Silas Lund, Highway Surveyors ; Eo- bards Darling, Surveyor of Lumber; Wm. Prost, Sealer of Weights and Measures; Jeremiah Bachelder and Samuel Darling, Hogreeves ; James Hooper, Penceviewer. The first freemen's meeting was held Sept. 3, 1799 ; but the town records do not show vrhether there was an election or not. There is, liowever, a tradition that at this meeting there were two parties, viz. : the Kennebunkers, who were settlers from Sanford, Wells, and Kenne- bunk, Mc. ; and the Gaghegans, from New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut; and that the former, being more numerous, elect- ed Jonathan Macomber, Eepresentative. The truth of this tradition can be ascertained only by reference to the State records. The surface of the town is agreeably diversi- fied by hill and vaUey, presenting to the eye a landscape pleasing and beautiful, rather than grand and sublime. The soil, though hard, is well adapted to grass and grain, and, when well cultivated, richly remunerates the husbandman for his labor. Whitcher's Mountain, situated in the south- eastern part, is the highest elevation of land in town, being 1,100 feet above the level of the ocean, and capable of cultivation to its summit, where there is quite a pond of water ; not of suf- ficient dimensions and depth, to be sure, for steamboats and men-of-war, but ample enough for ducks and geese. The soil, except in the eastern part, is hard and stony, and consequently difficult of cultiva- tion. The rock is granite, and there is an abun- dance of it for all fencing purposes, and some to spare. In general, the rock of Caledonia County is primitive, and of the calcareo-mica-slate forma- tion ; but in Groton, Peacham, Danville, and the eastern part of Cabot, it is almost exclusively granite ; showing that at some former period of the history of the earth, and by some powerful convulsion of her interior elements, the granite has been forced up through the primitive rock. Wells Eiver, which rises in Groton Pond, flows through the town from N. W. to S. E., and by its falls affords many excellent water privileges for mills and machineiy, of which the inhabitants have availed themselves by erecting mills and locating macliiuery at various points along its banks. In the north-western part of the town are two beautiful ponds of water, called Long Pond and Little Pond ; the former 4 mUes long by 1 broad, and the latter 1 mile in length by |- mile in width. At the foot of the latter is the " Lake House," recently erected by McLane Marshall, the present proprietor and occupant. On the latter pond, also, is a pleasure-boat 30 feet long by 10 wide, called the "Lady of the Lake," and capable of carrying 60 persons at a time. Both these ponds contaia an abundance of fish, and af- ford the inhabitants of this and adjoining towns no little sport in catching them. They both cover an area of 2,880 acres, one being 8 times as large as the other, and are at an elevation of 1,083 feet above the level of the sea, as esti- mated by Zadoc Thompson. The first settlers of the town were as fol- lows : — Aaron Hosmer, the great-grandfather of Josiah D. Hosmer, lately deceased, is said to have been the first individual who made even a temporary residence in town. He, being a hunter, pitched his tent on the meadow now known as the Orson Eicker meadow, and from thence went north to the ponds, one of which is in Peacham, and is called Hosmer Pond. But he never made a permanent residence within the limits of the town. Edmund Morse was the first settler in the north part of the town, and James Abbott occu- pied the farm now known as the Jacob Abbott place, and now owned and occupied by Pei-cival Bailey. A Mr. James settled on the next farm south of James Abbott, known afterward as the Heniy Low place, and now owned by Peter Whitehill. Edmund Morse, who was the first military captain in town, and whose sword was an old rusty scythe, settled in the north part of the town, on the next farm south of Mr. James, where he continued to live till Ms death, which 322 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. was at a good old age. Mr. Morse built the first saw and grist-mill in town, at the foot of the Lit- tle Pond. Before this, the early settlers went to Newbury to mill, some 15 miles distant, and not uufrequently carried and brought tlicii- grist on their backs. Mr. Morse's daughter, Sally, now the widow Hill, was the first female born in town. John Darlixg, the father of Robert, Samuel, and Moses Darling, and great-gi-andfather of the present race of Darlings, was one of the first, and some say the first settler in Groton. He occu- pied the farm near the old burying-ground, since known as the Joseph Monison place. He lived to a good old age, retaining his faculties to the last. At fourscore years he stood erect as a young man of twenty. Edmund Welch was the first who settled on the William Frost farm, to whom he aftei-ward sold it, and here Mr. Frost lived till his death, which was when he was about 65. Jonathan Welch, brother to Edmund, first settled on the farm now owned and occupied by his son Jonathan. John Emery settled on the Timothy Morrison farm, and Charles Emery, his father, on the Medad Welch farm. The first settler in what is now called Groton Village was one Daniel Munroe. His house was near the present site of William F. Clark's tannery, at the east end of the village. A. M. Henderson, of Ryegate, built the first saw-mill on Wells River, near the present site of Gates's carriage shop, and soon after he also built a grist-mill where the present one, now owned by A. L. Clark, stands. John Hogins, a tailor, was also one of the first settlers in the village. His house stood where Almun L. Clark's tavern now stands. Jerry Bachelder first settled in the Moses Plummer neighborhood, on the farm now owned and occupied by Joseph Ricker. John Heath first settled in West Groton, on the place now occupied by Otis Rhodes. Mr. Heath lived here quite a number of years, was a justice of the peace, and quite a prominent re- ligious man of the Baptist order. Afterward, Mr. Heath moved to the West. David Jenkins was the first who began on the farm now owned and occupied by Charles Morrison. The next occupant of the place after Jenkins was Moses Darling, with his father, John Darling ; and after them, Jonathan Dar- ling, son of Samuel Darling, occupied it quite a number of years, until he sold it to Charles Mor- rison, the present owner, and moved to the "Far West," where he now lives. The next settlers in West Groton were Jona- than and James Renfrew, of Scotch descent, one of whom made the quaint remark in refer- ence to the soil of AVest Groton, viz. : " K a man should strike an axe into the ground, and it did not hit a stone, it would be sure to hit a guinea." Their farms were the two places now occupied by Nathan Darling and Moses Adams. David Vance was also one of the first set- tlers of this part of the town, where he lived a good many years, and became wealthy. He was elected representative of the town a number of years, and after raising up a family of 7 sons and 4 daughters, he moved to the east part of the town, where he now lives. Edmund and Stephen Welch, and Na- thaniel Cunningham, were the first settlers in the extreme west of the town. BAPTIST CHURCH. Elder James Bailey, of Peacham, formed the first church in town, of the Calvinist Baptist order, upwards of 70 years ago. The first mem- bers were as follows: — Phebe Darling, wife of John Darling ; Anna Welch, wife of Jonathan Welch ; Edmund Welch and wife ; Sarah, wife of Stephen Welch ; Betsey Morrison, wife of Bradbury Morrison ; John Emeiy and wife Sa- rah ; Mary, wife of James Hooper ; Edmund Morse ; Josiah Paul and wife Sarah. In 1824, Rev. Otis Robinson, from the State of Maine, was installed pastor over the church, and for a number of years it continued in a flourisliing condition. But at length troubles arose, Mr. Robinson became deranged and moved away, and the chm'ch received a shock from which it has not recovered to the present day. Since that time they have had no settled ministers, but haVe been supported from adjoin- ing towns, till within a few years they have had no preaching at all. A few years ago their number was 35. Of late they have taken a vote not to continue their church organization any longer, but to let each member have the priv- ilege of joining any other church he pleases. The first deacon was Wm. Hodsdon ; the second, Enoch Page; the last, Hosea Welch. The first is deceased ; the two last are yet living, — living, too, in the full assurance of immortality and eter- nal life. FREEWILL BAPTIST CHURCH IN "WEST GROTON. BY REV. FRANCIS MORRISON, PRESENT PASTOR. The Freewill Baptist Church in Groton was first formed in the west part of the town by El- der Latiirop, but how long ago, the records of the church do not say, but probably over 40 years since. Elder Lathrop presided over the church for a number of years Avith great accepta- bility as a preacher and a Christian, and under his labors there was a great revival of religion, by which the church was quickened, her numbers in- creased, and much good done. They had no meet- ing-house, and therefore were under the necessity of holding their meetings in private houses in the winter, and in barns in the summer. But not- withstanding the humble place of worship, the people at times came from all parts of the town to hear the word, and found it indeed a Bethel. .^\fter Elder Lathrop left the chui-ch, his place HAEDWICK. 323 ^•was supplied by rarious other ministers from . other towns, but the church had no regular pas- tor till the year 1857, when Eev. Francis Morri- son was ordained a minister over them ; since ■which time the church, though small, has been in a prosperous condition. Their present num- ber is 20. M. E. CHUKCH. The records of the M. B. Church do not say who were the first Methodist preachers in town, nor how long it is since they first preached here ; but the first preachers were quite successful, and soon gathered a small class, which was increased from time to time, till private dwellings and school-houses became too small for their accom- modation. About the year A. D. 1837, they were enabled to build a good and commodious meeting-house, since which time, with the excep- tion of a few years lately, they have had a preacher stationed with them aU the time. In 1838, Samuel G. Scott preacher in charge, there were on Groton circuit 107 members. Dur- ing this year there was a great revival, the church * was quickened, and many added to the church, some of whom continue faithful to this day. In 1844, Benjamin Burnham preacher in charge, there were in Groton cncuit 111 mem- bers. Groton Village class contained 72 members. West Groton class " 7 " Jeficrson Hill class " 19 " Topsham class " 13 " Total Ill Since that time, by deaths, removals, and other causes, the number of members has consid- erably decreased, till of late, when a good work seems to be going on in the church, and some additions are being made. HAEDWICK. BY EEV. J. TOKEET. Hardwick is the most westerly town of Cale- donia County, lying 21 miles north-east of Mont- pelier, and 73 north of Windsor. The surface of the township is pleasantly diversified with swells and vales, but no part of it mountain- ous. The Lamoille River enters the town very near the north-east corner, and, after running a course of about 10 miles, affording, together with its tributaries, several excellent mill-privileges, it makes its exit a little north of the south- west corner of the town. The timber is a mix- ture of maple, birch, hemlock, spruce, etc. The maple-groves are remarkably fine. The rocks are granite, gray limestone, slate, and quartz, with fine specimens of rock crystals. The soil is rich and fertile — well adapted for grazing purposes. The south-eastern part of the town is on the' western declivity of the eastern range of the Green Mountains. The north-western part has a southern inclination. Along the banks of the river, and extending for half a mile or so back from either side, are table-lands. In the southern part of the town is a mineral spring. It has been found to be efficacious in cutaneous diseases, and was formerly a place of considerable resort. 1779. Gen. Hazen came to Peacham with a part of his regiment, for the purpose, as he said, of completing the road commenced by Gen. Bailey, in 1776, that an anny might be sent through for the reduction of Canada. Hazen cut, cleared, and made a passable road for 50 miles above Peacham, through the to^vns of Cabot, Walden, Hardwick, Greensboro', Crafts- bury, Albany, and Lowell, and erected several block-houses. This road, called to this day the Hazen road, was the inlet to Hardwick in its early days, and a great benefit to the early settlers. 1780. The town of Hardwick, containing 23,040 acres, was granted Nov. 7, 1780, and char- tered Aug. 19, 1781, to Danforth Keyes, and his associates. Shortly after this, Peter Page, a native of Swansey, N. PL, in the employ of Governor Robinson, one of the proprietors of the town, came to Hardwick with a man by the name of Safford. The first trees were felled by him in the commencement of a clearing near the centre of the town, on what is now the French farm. These two men brought their provisions on their backs from Cabot, 8 miles. When their first supply was exhausted. Page volunteered to go for more. On his return, — being overtaken by the rain, and thoroughly wet, — he comforted himself with the thought that when he reached the camp he should find a good fire to warm and dry himself withal ; but when he di-ew near and saw no smoke, and nearer still and found Safibrd asleep, and the fire entirely out, he sat down and vented his feelings after the manner of children. There was no alternative but to go back to Cabot after fire. Page thought he could stay in Hardwick no longer, but was prevailed upon by Safibrd to stay until two acres or more were cleared, when both left, discom-aged. THE SETTLEES OF HAEDWICK. 1792. In a certain "ciphering book," con- taining the names of the first settlers, Mark Norris made this record of himself; " I drove the first sleigh through the woods from Deweys- burgh to Greensborough that ever was drove through by man, to my knowing, which was on the 4th of Jan. 1792. I moved into Hardwick, the first that ever moved in to settle the town, on the 13th day of March, 1792." Mr. Nonis seems to have forgotten to record the important fact that he brought his wife with him. He was a mason by trade, and yet seemed to possess the faculty of turning his hand to various kinds of work ; was possessed of energy, intelligence, and 324 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. good judgment. He was afterwards much en- gaged in tlio public business of the town ; was at different times representative, treasurer, and a preacher of the gospel. Toward tlic close of March, Nathaniel Norris, a cousin of Mark, moved, with liis wife, into town. Ho also was a mason — a good work- man, but very moderate in all his movements. It is said he was never seen to run, and yet he felled his acre of trees daily for six successive days. About the same time, March, 1792, Peter Page — the same who had a few years before left Hardwick, discouraged — took heart and returned. He built himself a rude log shanty, about three-quarters of a mile south-east of the present village of East Hardwick, and then went to bring his family. His shanty was full half a mile from the Hazen road, and the snow was deep ; however, when he had moved his family and goods as near as he could by the road, he put on Ms snow-shoes, put his wifft and three children (the youngest of whom was put in a bread-ti-ough) on a hand-sled, drew them to their new home, and then returned for his goods. They lived a year in their rude hovel without floor or chimney, building their fire at one side, and leaving a hole in the roof for the smoke to escape. Mr. Page's wardrobe, during that win- ter, is said to have consisted of one pair of tow pantaloons, one tow frock, tow shirts, woollen socks, and a woollen vest. He brought all the provisions for himself and family on his back, either from Peacham, 20 miles distant, or from Cabot, 8 miles. This family afterwards suffered much from poverty. Then- only cow strayed ; when Mr. P. found her, ten miles from home, she had been away so long she gave no milk. The man who had kept her awhile demanded pay, and his only woollen garment, the vest, was all he could give to redeem his cow. Water gruel was substituted for milk, and was sometimes their only sustenance. The father and mother took this cheerfully themselves, but the substitu- tion of water gruel for milk for their little babe caused them sore grief. Mr. Page was an ec- centric man, and yet he was considered a Chris- tian ; loved to study his Biblo, and what few religious books he had, and was a man of much meditation and prayer. He died Dec. 1852, aged 83. John Page, the babe that rode into Hard- wick in a bread-trough, afterwards removed to Westmore. He died in Montpelier in 1835, while representing his town in the Vermont Legislature. The following year, 1793, three more famihes were added to the settlement — those of Timothy Hastings and James Sinclair, who, with an aged father, came in Feb., and that of David Nor- ris, a cousin of Mark Norris, in June. Old Mr. Sinclair, who emigrated from Scotland, settled Bunker Hill, and afterwards came, with his son, to Hardwick, died shortly after his arrival. A log was dug out for his coffin, and a slab, split from another log, was nailed on or pinned on for the cover. He was buried near a spring of water not far from the Hazen road, but his remains were afterward exhumed and deposited in the Hazen Road Cemctciy. Mr. Hastings soon after moved to Hvde Park. The remaining settlers had a serious time of it. They were living at a distance of from one to three miles from each other, finding their way by means of blazed trees. Mark Norris lived near where Mr. Onrin Kellogg now lives. Na- thaniel lived near where Mi-. Ward NoitIs now lives, and David, near where Mr. J. L. Pope now lives. In the Spring of 1793, these cousins supplied themselves with provisions sufficient, as they supposed, to last them through then- Spring's \york, when they were expecting to return to Peacham for a while. They had no such thing as a team or even a hoe to work with ; but with their axes they hewed out wooden hoc-blades * from maple chips, hardened them in the fire, and took saplings for handles. With these they hoed in, on Nathaniel's gi'ound, two acres of wheat ; but Saturday night came, when they had sowed only one acre, and they found they had only provisions enough to last them one day longer. What should they do 1 Neither of them were professors of religion, but they had been trained to keep the Sabbath day. How- ever, they now held a council, concluded that it was a " work of necessity," and hoed in the sec- ond and last acre on the Sabbath. " Wo shall see," said Mark and David, " whether this acre will not yield as well as the other." But Nathan- iel was troubled in conscience. Reaping time came ; the proceeds of the two acres were stacked separately, and the time for comparing drew near. But the comparison was never made. The stack which came of the Sabbath day's work took fire from a clearing near by, and every straw and kernel was burned. These cousins were usually in the habit of re- ligiously observing the Sabbath day. On the first Sabbath after they came into town they held a religious meeting, and ever afterwards this practice was kept up. 1794. During this year there were added the families of Daniel Chase. Elijah True, Stephen Adams, Gideon Sabin, James Bundy, Israel Sanborne, and Elisha Sabin. Mr. Cliase was a deacon in the Baptist Church. He was after- wards ordained an Elder of the Free-Will Bap- tist Church in 1810. He moved, in 1816, to Pennsylvania, where he continued to preach until his death. Mrs. Gideon Sabin has ren- dered herself illustrious by giving birth to 26 children ; and surely Gideon himself deserves to be remembered if he found food, as we presume in New Market, N. II., fought in the battle of' he did, for such a family, poor as he was. Mr. HARDWICK. 325 Sanborne was a kind and public-spirited man, and was blessed with a family of 14 childi-en, the third of whom, Mr. William Sanborne, now lives in Hardwick. Elisha Sabin was a hunter, led a wild life, and allowed his children to go barefooted through the winter. 1795. On the 31st of March, in this year, the town was organized. The first town-meeting was held at the house of Mark Norris. Paul Spooner was chosen the first Town Clerk, and also the first Eepresentative. Among the items of interest respecting these days, which we have gathered, is the fact that these men were obhged to go 40 miles to mill — Newburg being the nearest town where there was a grist-mill. Wc also learn of certain cases in which what was called wild justice was ad- ministered to offending citizens, the executive and judicial functions being combined in the per- son of a certain strong man with a whip. In the fall of 1795, Elder Amos Tuttle, the first minister of the town, moved in. His son, Capt. David Tuttle, says, " There was not a cart in to^vn ; but in the following spring, two carts were constructed out of my father's wagon." He also says, " My father and I took $44 of my mother's 'savings' — money which came safely to Hardwick, sewed up in a bed — and went to Ryegate to purchase a cow ; but when we got her home, she proved almost worthless. My father killed her for beef, and my mother learned to make bean-porridge, so we had a plenty of that instead of milk." Between the time of Elder Tuttle's settlement as pastor of the church and town, and the year 1800, many families moved into Hardwick. Among them were several of Puritan descent, whose influence for good is, no doubt, felt to this day. In 1796, Mr. David Philbrook and wife moved in. Mx-s. Philbrook died in August, 1860, 100 years of age. In 1797, the first public-house in town, a log building, at Hardwick Street, on the Hazen road, was opened by Col. Alpha Warner. In the same year, Capt. J. C. Bridgeman made the first set- tlement at South Hardwick. Also, Aug. 29th, of the same year, Mr. Samuel Stevens was the first settler at East Hardwick, thence and for some time afterwards called Stevensville, or Stevens' Mills. Mr. Stevens and his wife ate their first meal in Hardwick over a chest which contained about all their earthly possessions. He soon erected a saw-mill on the north side of the river, and in 1800 he also built a grist-mill near by. In 1798, Thomas Fuller came to settle in Hardwick, with his wife and children. For six months' he, with a family of eleven, occupied a log house, 24 feet square, with Mr. Wm. Cheever, whose family also numbered eleven. There was a stone fire-place in the centre of the house, and a hollow log for a chimney. Samuel Frencli moved in in 1799. His son Daniel (now Dea. French), then aged 18 years, says, "We moved from Hardwick, Mass., to our namesake in Vermont, where we arrived the 4th of March. The last of March the snow lay 4 feet deep on a level, but the weather was mild, and we prepared for sugaring ; but there came two feet more of snow, and not a tree was tapped until the 15th of April. We gathered our buckets the 15th of May. Snow-banks were visible the 9th of June. Vegetation came for- ward very rapidly, but not sufficiently so to save our crops. Many of them were much injured by the early frosts." 1812. Mr. and Mrs. Elisha Swett came to Hardwick ; they lived together 80 years. Mr. S. died Nov. 1859, aged 96, and Mrs. S. died Feb. 1860, aged 98. 1816. About this time there were many emi- grations from Hardwick to what was then called "the West;" but few went farther than the Genesee Valley. During this year, the inhab- itants of Hardwick suffered much from the snow and frost. A heavy snow began to fall on the 7th of June, and continued to fall until the 9th. The sheep had just been sheared, and had to bo covered again with their fleeces ; but there was little or no hay for them or for the cattle, and many of them died. The forest-leaves were all killed, and the woods went in mourning through the summer. Eye sold for 3 dollars per bushel. EDUCATION. From an early day the people of Hardwick have manifested considerable interest in the cause of education. 1799. The town was divided into four school districts, called respectively the Hazen Eoad, Centre, middle, and eastern districts. The mid- dle district was between the centre and East Hardwick, and the Eastern was on the east side of the river. The first school meeting was held in the Middle district; voted to have a two months' school, and to raise a tax on the grand list for its support. The first teacher was Anna Hill. The first part of this term she taught in a log barn, owned by Israel Sanborne ; the re- mainder of the time in different log houses — the family occupying one room, and she the only remaining one. This was in the summer of 1800. 1800. March. It was voted by the town to seU the land appropriated by the proprietors of the town for the benefit of an English school. The land was sold the following year. From the fund thus raised a small dividend has been paid annually to each school district, according to the number of scholars. The whole number of scholars at that time was 85. 1801. Flavel Bailey, from Peacham, was lured to teach a six months' school in the middle district. 1802. The first school-house was built in the middle district, by Martin Fuller, for $165. This 326 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. money was raised by a tax on the grand list', and was paid principally in cattle and grain. 1815. Wc find the town divided at this date into 9 districts, containing 339 scholars. 1821. The first select school in town was kept two terms by Miss Deborah Worcester, from Ilollis, N. 11., at the Centre. 1842. The first select school at East Hard- wick was taught by Miss A. Stevens, a graduate of Cazcnovia Seminary, N. Y. 1855. The town contains 12 school districts, and 382 scholars. 1860. By the efforts of the people of South Hardwick an Academy building, over the Town Hall, has been completed. In Nov., 1860, this Academy obtained a charter from the Vermont Legislature. Its prospects are bright. Princi- pal, A. J. Sanborne ; lady teachers. Miss L. Sin- clair and Miss Bundy. During the foil of this year measures were taken to establish the select school at East Hard- wick on a permanent basis. Of college graduates and of professional men Hardwick has raised a fair proportion. THE VILLAGES. There are four villages in town. The old- est, called the Street or Hazen Road, is situated on high land, near the north line of the town. The first settlement was made in 1793. This was formerly a place of considerable business, but time has wrought such changes by deaths or removals, that it has now become a quiet little place, with liardly a vestige of its former activity. The second village in age is East Hardwick, situated on the Lamoille River, in the eastern part of the town. The first settlement was made by Mr. Samuel Stevens, in 1797. This is at present a place of considerable business. The third village is South Hardwick, which is also situated on the Lamoille, in the south-west part of the town. The first settler was Capt. J. C. Bridgman, in the year 1797. Tliis is also a place of considerable business. It contains the Town Hall. " Mackville," the fourth village in town, is situ- ated one mile south of South Haixhvick, on a brancli of the Lamoille River. This small sti-eam affords excellent water-privileges, which at pres- ent are occupied by a saw-mill, coni-mill, etc. A largo building has been erected the past year, designed for a woollen factory. The commencement of this place was about the year 1831, by the building of a saw-mill by Mr.George P. Fish. Mr. Elisha Mack built the first dwelling-house in 1834 ; but before he was ready to move with his family to this anticipated earthly home, death removed liim to his eternal home. His eldest son. Resolved Mack, with his widowed mother, brothers and sisters, came to this new home ; but eventually the family were scattered. Mr. R. ^Mack retained the place, and was married, in 1838, to Miss Mary Bancroft. These families were the first settlers, and the village has been named for them. There arc now some dwelling-houses and pub- lic buildings in process of building — a Free- Will Baptist church and a large and commodious school-house. This place has experienced a great loss in the removal by death, in February, of the present year (1861), of their first settler, Mr. Resolved Mack. He was kind and companionable in his family, a very worthy citizen, and an efficient member of the JSIethodist church. In the inidst of usefulness he was called; but calmly and cheerf'ully met the call. ECCLESIASTICAL. I. BAPTIST CHURCH. BY KEY. E. EVANS. On Nov. 18th, 1795, the members of the Dan- ville Baptist Church who were residents of Hardwick, ■wishing to form themselves into a Baptist Church, for the purpose of enjoying chm-ch privileges among themselves ; and hav- ing obtained permission of that church to be con- stituted into a church by themselves, a Baptist Church was organized on Thursday, Dec. 17, 1795. Rev. Amos Tuttle received a call to be- come their pastor, and was called to ordination June 16, 1796. The records of this church are lost, therefore notliing further of its history can be ascertained. Its visibility has become extinct. Subsequent to this, there was a Baptist Church organized in Greensboro' ; but as a ma- jority of its members resided in Hardwick, it was deemed expedient to form a church in East Hardwick. In 1831, a Baptist Church was organized, consisting of 25 members. Elder Marvin Grow, a good man, and one whose preacliing talent was very acceptable to the brethren, became tlieir pastor. He continued his pastoral labors with them about 6 years, and becoming infirm and indisposed, requested and obtained his dismission. He was succeeded by Rev. Aaron Angier, whose faithful and devoted labors were in a very remarkable manner owned and blessed of God. During his pastorate, A. D. 1840, a meeting- house was built, and 92 added to the cliurch by bai)tism and by letter. The church, at ttiis time, was one of the most flourishing Baptist churches in northern Vermont, numbering 150 members. Ho closed his pastorate, much to the regret of the church, and went west and died. [From Mrs. Maiy Spofford, eldest daughter of Rev. Mr. Angier, we have the following ad- ditional items : " My father remained a little more than four years in Hardwick ; from there ho removed to Middlebury, where he remained two years, and published a paper called the Vermont Observer. After whicli he resided in Poultneyayear ; then in Ludlow a year, where he was associate and leading editor of a paper. HAEDWICK. 327 named the Genius of Liberty — the first paper published in Ludlow ; when he again removed to Cavendish, where he sojourned tAvo years, and in the spring of 1850 went to Cato, Cayuga Co., N. Y., where he Uved three years, and then ac- cepted an agency for the Bible Union, and moved his family to Elbridge, N. Y. This, however, he retained but one year, and in 1854 became the pastor of the Baptist Church in Lamoille, 111., where he lived but four months, when he died, the 3d of Sept., 1854, in the 48th year of his age. His family reside there stUL] E.EV. JoNATHAisr E. Green, an earnest and stirring preacher, who was laboring with the church in Hanover, N. H., received a call to be- come pastor of the Baptist Church in Hardwick. He accepted the call, and commenced his labors ; but, contrary to the expectation and wish of the church and society, he tamed with them but one year, and then returned to the people of Ms for- mer charge. Elder Nathan Dennison, a zealous, enter- prising, and devoted servant of his Master, next became then* pastor. His unwearied efforts were blessed in the conversion of many, and the church was prospering under his administration, when some difficulty arising between two breth- ren, which they would not settle themselves, it was brought into the church ; and, as is too fre- quently the case, each had his friends, and party spirit soon became manifest. There could be no settlement of the difficulty effected ; but the state of things rather grew worse and worse. The church divided. A part went off and worshipped in the school-house, and a part worshipped in the meeting-house. This state of things con- tinued till Eev. Mr. Jones, agent of the Conven- tion, came into town, and induced them to come together again, and organize anew into one church. Elder Dennison left them after a pastorate of five years, with a constitution, naturally strong and robust, broken do-\vn and enfeebled by grief Elder Samuel Smith, of Pen Yan, JN". Y., was their next pastor ; a good man, who, though he commenced his labors under the most dis- couraging circumstances, yet accomplished some good. He remained three years, and returned to N. Y. Elder E. Evans, of Lunenburg, then re- ceived and accepted a call to become their pas- tor. He commenced his labors under circum- stances by no means encouraging; but the church seems to be improving; the members appear to be more united. He has been with them three, and has commenced upon his fourth year. During his stay among them, they have expended something in fixing the inside of the meeting-house; paid $180 for an organ, and laid out about $1000 in building a parsonage, wliich is now occupied by their pastor. The means of grace are well attended. The church numbers now 77. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. BY REV. C. S. SMITH. II. The Congregational Church in Hardwick was organized July 29, 1803, at the house of Mr. Thomas EuUer. There were present, as an or- ganizing council, Eev. Leonard Worcester, of Peacham, and Eev. John Fitch, of Danville, with their delegates. The new church consisted of 7 male members ; 9 females were received to membership two days afterwards. These first members were from New Braintree, Hardwick, and Westminster, Mass. ; from San- bornton, Hanover, and Tamworth, N. H. ; and one from Newbury, Vt. Bro. Thomas Puller was chosen first deacon. Eev. L. Worcester was standing moderator of the church for some years. Por about thi-ee years after their organi- zation, the church attended upon the ministra- tions of Elder Amos Tuttle, who in 1796 had been settled as minister of the town, and pastor of the Calv. Bapt. Church. In the year 1806, however, he was, at his own request, dismissed ; and from tliis time until 1810, the church had no stated preaching. They met regularly for wor- ship, however, at dwelling-houses, and received occasional ministrations of the word and of the sacraments from Mr. Worcester, of Peacham, and Mr. Hobart, of Berlin. During the years 1809 and 1810 several mis- sionaries visited them. Those whose names ap- pear upon the church records, are Jonathan Hovey, Seth Payson, D. D., Solomon Morgan, Leland, James Parker, and J. Waters. A powerful revival followed the labors of the last two of these men. About 60 persons were added to the church during this and the following year. Some of these were men of the first ability and business talent in town. The church now felt itself sufficiently strength- ened to support a pastor, and in the fall of 1810, extended a call to Mr. Nathaniel Eawson. He accepted, and was ordained and installed pas- tor of the church, Peb. 13, 1811. The pub- lic services were held in a barn, on the farm then owned by Captain Hatch. During the summers of 1812 and 1813, Mr. Eawson met a company of children at his house every Friday, to hear them recite portions of Scripture. This pre- pared the way for the Sabbath Schools, which were established a year or two later in the several districts in town. In 1817, Mr. E. resigned the pastorate of the church, and during the three following years the church was in a divided state. Mr. J. N. Loomis, a graduate of Middlebury College and Andover Seminary, was ordained and installed pastor of the church, Jan. 3, 1822. The services were held in an unfinished meeting- house, just erected by Mr. Samuel French, half a mile east of the centre of the town ; but as Mr. French declined selling this house to the church, they after much perplexity in regard to a lo- cation, decided to build a house of worship upon 328 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. the hill near the four coi-ncrs. The meeting- house was built, but the location failed to give entire satisfaction, and the consequence was a division of the church with the advice of a mu- tual council. Accordingly, a new church, called the Second Cong. Church, was organized March 2, 1825. Mr. Loomis, whose counsels were of great val- ue to the church during the period of erecting their house of worship, and the separation that followed, continued his labors until the last of January, 1830, when, on account of the feeble state of his health, he was dismissed. On the 25th of Sept. 1833, Rev. Robert Page, a graduate of Bowdoin College and of Andover, was installed pastor. He continued his relation until June, 1835, wheu he was dismissed at his own request. In July, 1836, the chm-ch extended a call to Eev. Chester Wright. He commenced preach- ing to them soon after, and was installed pastor of the church June 15, 1837. He continued his labors until the beginning of the year 1840, when, his health failing, he removed to ]Montpe- lier, still retaining his pastoral relation ; but he died shortly afterwards in Montpelier, — April, 1840. Rev. Austin 0. Hubbard, a graduate of Yale and Princeton, was installed July 7, 1840, and was dismissed, at his own request, May 1, 1843. Prom this date until 1846, the chmxh were without a settled pastor, when they united in giv- ing a call to Rev. Joseph Underwood, a graduate of Bangor. He accepted, and was installed on the 18th of Dec. of the same year. Dtu:ing his pastorate, which continued nearly 12 years, the condition of the church and society became much improved. In the year 1851, the old meeting-house upon the liill was torn down, and a new one erected, vnth great unanimity, at East Hardwick. Several persons who had been members of the second church, when that ceased to exist, joined this. Since 1851, there has been a healthy increase of the church and congregation. The Sabbath School embraces nearly three-fourths of the entire congregation. In Jan. 1858, Mi-. Underwood, on account of the impaired state of his health, resigned his pastorate, and was dismissed, Feb. 2d. Rev. Henry Hazen, a graduate of Dartmouth and Andover, preached one year, as stated sup- ply, commencing Oct., 1858. In March, 1860, the church and society united in extending a call to ilr. Joseph Torrey, Jr., a graduate of Bur- lington College and of Andover, to become their pastor. He was ordained and installed May 30, 1860, and is the present pastor. The whole number of members since the organization of the church is 436. Of these, about 278 have joined by profession, and 158 by letter. The present number of members is 127. Average attendance on Sabbath about 165. Number of families represented about 70. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUllCH. BY REV. A. C. SMITH. Prior to the year 1803, there had been no I\Ietliodist preaching in the town of Hardmck. But during this year, the Rev. Lewis Bates commenced liis labors in tliis town as a Metho- dist preacher, and a few persons connected them- selves with a society in an adjoining town, which stood connected with what was then called Dan- ville Circuit. In June, 1809, the Rev. Nathaniel Stearns formed a society in Hardwick, and was still attached to the Danville Circuit, which at this time embraced nearly all of Caledonia, Orleans, and Essex Counties. Peter Page was appointed the fu'st class-leader, and Nathaniel Noixis the first steward. Nathaniel Norris, for several years, had been a member of, and an ordained deacon in, the Free- will Baptist Church previous to 1809, when ho became one of the memorable fourteen who formed the first society. He received a license as an exhorter in the M. E. Church, bearing date July 14, 1810, and signed by David Kil- burn and Benjamin R. Hoyt, who were the first circuit preachers in this town after the fonnation of the society. Jan. 7, 8, 1816, the society held their fii-st quarterly meeting in Hardwick. For several years, the society prospered, and increased gradually until 1823, when John Ward Norris was appointed class-leader, at the age of 19, at which time the society numbered 60 mem- bers. Several following years, the society did not increase very extensively, and they were com- pelled to hold their meetings in dwelling or school houses for the want of ability to build a church edifice. In 1846, Hardwick was connected with Crafts- bury, and the Rev. George Putnam and the Rev. 0. S. Morris appointed circuit preachers. At the fu'st quarterly conference, a vote was taken to divide the labors of the circuit, by which the said Morris was to labor at Hardwick, and the said Putnam at Craftsbury. Rev. O. S. Morris remained at Hardwick two years, during which time, through his efforts, and the concurring efforts of the society and friends, a good church edifice was erected, fin- ished, and dedicated, at the south village, which has now become the centre of the town business by the erection of a new town hall during the last summer, and probably one of the best in the State. The church at that time numbered 65 mem- bers. Since 1847, the desk has been supplied as follows : 1848, from the local ministry; 1849, by Eev. HAEDWICK. 329 A. L. Cooper ; 1850, left to be supplied ; 1851-2, by Rev. J. Whitney; 1853-4, by Eev. James S. Spinny; 1855-6, by Eev. L. Hill; 1857-8, by Eev. E. Pettingill ; 1859-60, by Eev. A. C. Smith. The present membership, including probationers, numbers 103. FREE-WILL BAPTIST CHURCH. FKOM A LETTER OF A. M. AMSDEN. There are quite a number of this denomina- tion in the south and west part of the town ; those of the south belong to the Maiden Church, and the west, till last June, to the Wolcott. This chui-ch is now called " Wolcott and Hard- wick Church." The whole number is 26. They have had for 6 or 7 years a very flourishing Sab- bath School of 35 to 48 ; also a good library. The pastor. Elder Ctjmmings, died last summer. Since then they have had no pastor, but preaching three-fourths of the time by various individuals. The school-house is their place of worship. NEW LIGHTS. BT EEV. J. TOBKEY. During the year 1837, a small band of fanat- ics, who called themselves "New Lights," com- menced a brief career in Hardwick. Their leader had been a professed Universalist, but liis mind having become discomposed, and, as some thought, partially deranged, he professed to be inspired from on high, and was not long in enlist- ing several followers. Great numbers were drawn together to see and hear their strange doings, and soon they began to hold their meetings in the South Meeting House. (This meeting house was built in the year 1820, by Samuel French. The motto, "Liberty of Conscience," inscribed on its front, expressed the design of its builder that it should be open to all, to hold such religious meetings as they pleased.) No more than 6 or 8 persons took very active parts ; still, they were counte- nanced and encouraged by large numbers from this and neighboring towns, who preferred to spend their Sabbaths at the ^arclwich Theatre, rather than to engage in a rational religious wor- ship. Sabbath after Sabbath, for several months, that large house was crowded with spectators. The " drollery " of these meetings consisted of jumping, swinging the arms, rolling on the floor, frightful yelling, barking in imitation of dogs, foxes, etc. Their leader professed to have had it revealed to him that men should not shave ; they accordingly suffered their beards to grow for several months, until it was revealed to another that they must all be shaved, and it was done. It was believed that the seeds of these extrav- agances had been sowing for a long time in con- nection with the notion that the fourth com- mandment is not obligatory under the gospel dispensation, — that much of the religion of regular evangelical churches is composed of hy- pocrisy or of human tradition, and that special revelations in regard to duty, and in regard to future events, are communicated to individuals now by the inspiration of the Spu-it of God. The meetings were usually opened, after a sea- son of sitting in silence, by the utterance of some text of scripture in a loud scream. A large por- tion of what was said consisted of texts of scripture. Much was also said by way of de- nunciation of ministers and churches, charging them with tradition, superstition, hypocrisy, etc. The irregularity and disorder of these meet- ings was much increased by the attempt of a young man, who thought himself called to preach, to occupy the desk on the Sabbath, in the very midst of the scenes enacted on the floor. The men with beards shouted and screamed, and the man in the pulpit exerted all the power of his lungs for hours together, to overpower the tumul- tuous noise below, and to gain the attention of the people. But the career of these fanatics was short. Eev. Chester Wright, at that time pastor of the Cong. Church in Hardwick, believing that such services were calculated to bring the religion of the gospel into contempt, and to sow broadcast over this town and region the seeds of infidelity, resolved to make an effort to withstand such in- fluence. He accordingly gave notice that on the first Sabbath in May he expected to preach with some reference to the proceedings at the South Meeting House during the past year, and invited a large audience. Some of the most distinguished of the fanat- ics were present on the occasion of the delivery of these sermons, and in the midst of the fore- noon services one of them interrupted the preach- er by a tremendous yell, which he seemed resolved to continue. He was, however, immediately ordered into custody by a magistrate, and the services were continued and closed as usual. In these sermons, Mr. Wright aimed to show that the fundamental error of those who believed themselves, or others, to be moved by the Spirit of God, to practise the extravagances in ques- tion, was this : That the Spmt of God reveals to men truths, and inculcates duties contrary to, or above and beyond, what may be learned from the Holy Scriptures. The influence of this strange movement was very deeply felt by the Chiirch of Hardwick. Some of the effects were only temporary, but some were of long duration. One of the leaders hung himself not very long after the excitement ceased. Notwithstanding the feelings of sadness and re- gret with which the Christian now calls to mind these scenes, lie yet desires to erect a monument to their memory, that so future pilgrims may say, " It is true. Christian did here meet with Apoll- yon, with whom he had also a sore combat," and that they, like Christiana and her children, may see a pillar with this inscription upon it, " Let Christian's slips before he came hither, and 330 VERMONT HISTORICAL RIAGAZINE. the battles that he met ^vith in this place, be a waniint' to those that corao after." BIOGRAPHICAIi. ELDER AMOS TUTTLE. The following sketch will be found to contain facts of great interest, and of liistorical import- ance, presenting as they do a vivid picture of the labors, trials, and hardships of the early set- tlers of the town. The facts are furnished by Capt. David Tuttle of South Hardwick, the old- est son of the Elder. Amos Tuttle was bom in Southbury, Ct., Oct. 31, 1761, was manied to Rachel T. Jones, June 16, 1782, lost a large property soon after his mar- riage through the rascality of a man in high life, and in 1788 engaged in the boot and shoe business in the town of Washington, Ct. He was at that time a noted infidel, and strong in argument ; but soon, although there was no reli- gious excitement in the neighborhood, his atten- tion became powerfully attracted to the subject of personal religion. He began to attend wor- ship in an adjoining town. New Preston ; experi- enced a change of heart, and connected himself with the Baptist Church in New Preston, of which Rev. Isaac Root was the pastor. Soon after this, he prepared liimself to preach the gos- pel, and was settled over a church in the town of Litchfield, Ct. Rev. Mr. Root moved about this time to Dan- ville, Vt., and was settled over the first Baptist Church in that town. Retm-ning to Connecticut for a visit, he called upon Mr. Tuttle, and gave him such a description of the beauty and fertil- ity of Northern Vermont, that, notwithstanding the urgent invitation of another friend calling him to "Western New York, Mr. Tuttle conclud- ed to visit Vermont the next season. Accord- ingly, in June, 1794, he came to Danville, and thence to Walden, Hardwick, Greensboro', and Craftsbuiy, became acquainted with the inhabi- tants, and found that a chm'ch could be organ- ized from the four last towns, the majority of the members living in Hardwick. A church was formed. Mr. Tuttle was called to settle as min- ister of the town and church, and he accepted. In the month of Oct. 179.5, he started with his family from Litchfield for Hardwick. Such a journey was in those days a great undertaking. They were fifteen days on the way, but meeting with no more serious accident than the breaking of the wagon, they amved at Oilman's, in Wal- den, during the night of the 31st of October, in the midst of a hard rain-storai. Beds were soon taken from the wagon and placed on the floor of the little bark-covered log house, and our cold, tired immigrants lay down to rest. There was not a pane of glass about the house, and so no sign of day appeared until the door was opened in the morning. Then day appeared indeed, and with it, to tho great surpiiso of all, appeared a white mantle of snow, covering the ground with a depth of at least 15 inches. A messenger was sent to Hardwick, requesting the friends of tho family to send teams to bring them on their jour- ney. Three sleds, with wild steers, were sent. Two of them were loaded with the goods, and the third was fitted up with boxes for seats, and with plenty of straw, to carry the sick, disheart- ened, and weeping mother and children. Mr. David Tuttle, who was then a boy, says, " As we reached the bottom of the awful hill by wliich the Hazen road descends to the Lamoille River, the sleds stopped that the bridge might be re- paired. I saw my mother, brother, and httle sis- ters all in tears, and shall never forget the ex- pression of anguish with which my mother said, 'Dear husband, where are you taking me 9 I shall die, and what will become of the children 1 ' It sobered me for the rest of that day, and brings tears to my eyes now in my old age, as I relate it." They turned oflT from the Hazen road near the place where L. H. Delano, Esq., now resides, followed a nan-ow sled-path which wound tlu'ough the woods, crossed the Tuttle brook at a place above where the road now crosses, ascended the steep bank by doubling the teams, and passed through a burnt slash to the house of Mark Moms. Tlie journey being thus safely over, the next care of our j^ioneer pastor was to find a house for his family. There was an empty log shanty to be had, but it was much out of repair. ]Mr. Tuttle was strong and healthy however, and, with the aid of his friends, he succeeded, by the middle of November, in making it habitable. There were, to be sure, neither windows nor cup- boards nor chimney, and the hut itself was only 12 feet by 15, but he cut some holes through the logs and pasted oiled paper over them for win- dows, and the smoke found its own way upwards. A successful hunt on snow-shoes on the West Hill, in which three moose were killed by his paity, provided the family with meat for a time. He was so fortunate, also, as to prociire a bushel of salt of a peddler by.paying five dol- lars in cash. The price of salt seems to haVe risen higher still, or else money must have be- come scarce, for the next year he paid six bush- els of wheat for one of salt, and this in prefer- ence to paying three dollars cash. After thus providing these " creature com- forts," the next question seems to have been how to get about his parish. His gumption soon found the way. A " Tom-pung," as he called it, was hewed out and put together with wooden pins and rods, and the pieces of rope which had been used as binders on the jom-ncy he made into a kind of harness, sufiicient at least to fasten the horse to the pung, and to guide him through the woods. The town of Hardwick was organized March 31, 1795. In April, 1796, tho town met and HARD WICK. 331 voted to unite Avith the Baptist Churcli in settling Mr. Tuttle as minister of the town. He was installed in June following. The people being poor, it was agreed that he should receive no sal- ary during the first four years ! By a provision of the town charter, however, he was entitled to draw three lots of land, as the first minister of the town. One of these lots he sold for a little money and a little wheat, to be paid in four an- nual instalments. Soon after his installation, Mr. Tuttle went to work to clear a piece of land and build himself a log house. By the middle of November, he completed his work, and in just one year from the time the family had first huddled themselves into the little hut, they moved into the largest and best log house in town, 32 feet by 15. The Sabbath worship was held in this house during the winter months, and in barns in differ- ent parts of the town during the sumner. But the sorest trials of this servant of God were yet to come. They were of quite a differ- ent nature from any that he had ever before experienced, nor can they be related, — for time and language would fail. Unlearned and igno- rant men sowed seeds of disaffection and vanity in the church, and the little flock was divided. Only a few firm friends stayed by their pastor, and tried to comfort and strengthea him. He still continued to preach in town, and as there were Congregational church members in Hard- wick, it was thought best to organize a Congre- gational church, and to employ Mr. Tuttle as their pastor. Eor three years he ministered to them, at the expiration of which time he was urged to accept a call from the Baptist Church in Fairfax, Vt. A meeting of the Congrega- tional brethren was called, and it was concluded to consent to his departure. During the same year, he was settled as the first minister in Fairfax, and received the por- tion of land granted to him ex officio. He did not retain possession of it, however, but gave it for the benefit of the town district schools. For a time, he labored here with great acceptance ; but sorrow was again on his track. An Old and New School controversy arose in the church, a schism occurred, some of the most prominent men moved out of town, and Mr. Tuttle, find- ing that his usefulness there was at an end, re- quested a dismission, which was granted in 1811. Eesolving to devote himself to the work of a missionary, he visited most of the towns in Ver- mont, and many of the townships bordering on the line in Canada. During this time he made his home in Hardwick ; but he afterwards re- moved again to Fairfax, where his daughters were married and settled. He remained at Fair- fax until the death of his wife, when he finally returned to Hardwick to spend the remainder of his days with his son, in the very house which his own hands had built in the vigor and strength of manhood. He lived after his return to his old home about two years, preached his last sei'- mon at the funeral of a son of Col. Warner, soon after which he was prostrated by a painful disease, and died a lingering but peaceful death, February, 1833, aged 72 years. His body was buried in the Hazen Eoad Cemetery, where he had attended the first burial ever made there. On that occasion he had remarked to those pres- ent, that, in all probability, his own body would moulder to dust in that ground. A short time before his death his two sons were expecting to carry his remains to Fairfax and deposit them near those of his wife ; but their father said that although this seemed pleasing to him at first view, yet the travelling was so bad and the dis- tance so great, that it was his preference to be buried at the Hazen Road Cemetery. And so his prophecy came true. ELNATHAN STEONG. Dea. Elnathan Stx'ong was bom in Chatham, Ct., March 25, 1787. He was the son of Eev. Cyprian Strong, who was for many years a min- ister of the gospel in Chatham. He left home when quite young, and lived with a relative in Windsor, Vt. He afterwards removed to Dan- ville, where he abode until the year 1808, when he removed to Hardwick. About two years after coming to this town, he united himself with the Congregational Church. He was married to Jane Chamberlain, Oct. 17, 1820. Was chosen deacon of the chm'ch in the year 1826, which office he continued to hold until his death, which occurred June 19, 1843. In a discourse preached on the occasion of his death, the Eev. O. A. Hubbard says : " I should shrink from anything like mere eulogium in regard to any individual, and certainly in regard to one, a leading trait of whose character was modesty, and of whom it is well known .that he rather shunned observation than sought it. Deacon Strong possessed a native discrimination of mind, and an accuracy of judgment, that fall to the lot of exceedingly few. Scarcely ever have I seen the individual that would investigate a complex subject with greater readiness, or pro- nouce, in regard to it, a more correct decision ; for while he was quick of apprehension, he was careful and deliberate in arriving at his conclu- sions. Although in early life his opportunities for education had been quite limited, yet he was, at least, in the practical sense of that word, a close and accurate scholar." Deacon Strong was especially distinguished in regard to the extent and accuracy of his knowl- edge of the Bible. He also possessed a peculiar power of illustrating scripture ti-uth, wliich fit- ted him to fill with great acceptance the place of a teacher in the Sabbath School, and made his presence always welcome in the conference meet- ing- He was a man of marked integrity and upright- ness. His prevailing tone of Christian character 332 VERMONT HISTORICAL IVIAGAZINE. was that of a meek, spiritual, and consistent disci- ple ; never giving utterance to common-place or cant expressions in regard to feeling, exercises, etc. ; but exhibiting a heart softened, humbled, and elevated by the Divine grace, directed to the extension of the church and the salvation of the world, — one of those men whose rehgion seems to consist in being and doing, and that heartily and liberally. His home was always open to the servants of God, and they loved to linger there. Favored by Providence with large means, he ex- emplified much of the principle, " It is more blessed to give than to receive." His memory will long be cherished by all who knew him, and especially by the members of the church, of which he was the father, the counsellor, and the almoner. ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHY. BY MISS STEVENS, ISRAEL SANBORN And wife emigrated from Lee, N. H., to Hard- wick, in 1794. They were a valuable addition to the new settlement. He was first town treasurer, which office, with others, he held many years. A benevolent regard for others was a character- istic of Mr. and Mrs. Sanborn. Their log barn was often occupied as a school-room, and their house for a church and town hall ; and at one time, when the people had been exposed to the small pox, was thrown open for a pest house. Families in need of a temporary home till they could build, were kindly received here. They were both church-members. As an illustration of the Christian character of Mr. S., we may be allowed to offer the following anecdote. There existed a little difference between him and a neighbor in regard to a road. The neighbor called to see about it. Mr. S. was at the barn. Going out to the barn, he did not see him, but heard the voice of prayer. Mr. S. was implor- ing a blessing upon each neighbor by name. The one present was not omitted. Never after- ward did the latter doubt the honesty of his neighbor S. In a word, his was in every way a noble nature. But, " Our fathers, where are theyl" DEA. THOMAS FULLER "Was a native of Cape Cod, and early left an orphan. At the age of 16 he went to Hardwick, Mass., where some years after he married Lydia, daughter of Colonel Page, and in 1798 removed to Hardwick, Vt. He was of Puritan descent, and strictly carried out their principles in the training of his family, and matters pertaining to the church and society generally. His public spirit and capability to serve the town gave him frequent offices and the confi- dence of the people. He aided in the organiza- tion of the first Congregational Church, and was elected its first deacon, which office he held till his death, in 1823. FROM A BIOGRAPHY BY REV. CHESTER WRIGHT. SAMUEL STEVENS, Son of Capt. Simeon Stevens, an officer in the army of the Revolution, was a native of New- bury. Early bereft of father and mother, the promise to the orphan was verified to him ; for in the midst of corrupt examples, compelled to hear profanity, exposed to all the allm-ements of vice, he yet never defiled his lips with an oath, or fol- lowed the multitude to do evil. He was appren- ticed to a man who required various kinds of service, and who, contrary to agreement, gave him few opportunities for mental improvement, a deprivation he deeply lamented during his life. In his minority he gave proof of his native strength of mind, enterprise, and rare business talents for which he was afterwards distinguished. In 1798, he came to Hardwick, and, with a small patrimony left him by his father, together with his own gains, he purchased a wild lot, erected a log house, and, the same year, was married to Miss Puah Mellen, of Holliston, Mass. They were the first settlers of the flour- isliing village East Hardwick, formerly called Stevens's Village. He built the first mills in town, a saw -mill in 1798, and a grist-mill in 1800, and prosecuted various brandies of business ; was remarkable for his promptness in making contracts, for the energy with which he carried forward whatever he undertook, and his strict in- tegrity in all his dealings. For 21 years he was town treasurer ; was one of the first in the tem- perance reform, practising abstinence from all intoxicating drinks, and requiiing the same of all in his employ. He gave land on which to build a store on condition that it should be a temperance one. The carrying out of these temperance principles exerted a moral influence that is still felt in the village. " Mr. and Mrs. S. manifested a deep interest, also, in the cause of education. They were, moreover, noted for hos- pitality. Ministers, friends generally, and the travellers, as well, seeking entertainment, always found a welcome. Both members of the Con- gregational Church, they manifested their piety by their willingness to support the gospel, and by their regard for the requirements of God. They lived happy and died happy, and their memory is blcsssed. FROM A niOGKAPIlY BY REV. C. WRIGHT. SniEON H. STEVENS, •' Third son of the foregoing, was a young man of much promise ; a graduate ( ) at the Uni- versity of Vermont ; conducted for a season the Craftsbury Seminary ; and commenced the study of theology in the Bangor (M. E.) Theological Seminary. In consequence, however, of failing health, he was obliged to abandon all anticipa- tions in reference to the ministry. He, never- theless, was married about this time to Miss M A. Young, daughter of Hon. Augustus Young, and settled upon a farm in his native to^vn. But HARD WICK. 333 ■with returning health, desiring a wider field in which to labor for the good of his fellow-men, he removed to Johnson, and became Principal of the Lamoille Co. Grammar School. A year had not elapsed, when he was suddenly removed by death. His remains were intenred in Hard- wick. It was remarked upon the occasion of his funeral that the large audience were all mourners." LEVI GOODKICH Settled from Massachusetts in 1798. A worthy and efficient man in the town and the church. SAMUEL FRENCH, Born in Hoosich, Mass., came to Hardwick, Vt., about 1800. He married Tabitha Dow, a sister of the far-famed Lorenzo Dow, a woman of tal- ent, and agreeable and lady-like. "He was considered a man of talent, especially in public speaking." He was one of Nature's noblest sons, but was peculiar in his religious feelings ; yet it was true of him that he entertained no sectarian views. Sectional variances delayed the building of a church for worship, and he was led to feel a special order from heaven to build a house for the Lord. This he did almost wholly unaided in 1820, which was the first church- building in town to be occupied by all denomi- nations. He never would sell or deed it to any sect ; the Congregational Church made repeated efforts to purchase it. Although it is conceded that liis motive to furnish the town with a chm'ch was good, yet the result was, contrary to his expectations, deleterious to the town. The inscription, "Liberty of Conscience," gave all a right of occupancy ; but finally it was used in a way foreign to the worship of God, and the in- tent of the builder. He was repeatedly urged to serve the town in a public capacity ; though a phUantliropic man, he always despised office. On once being asked to run as a candidate for representative, he declared "he would not go if elected." He was very kind in his family, a good neighbor and citizen. He died in 1848, aged 69 yeai-s. DR. AMASA MORSE Was the first physician in Hardwick. He came into town with his family in 1800, and contmued in practice until his death. "He was a very kind and feeling man, and a good family physi- cian." He died in 1820, aged 46 years. His wife survived him nearly 40 years — an active woman, who energetically met the wants of a large family. She was a very shrewd but useful woman in community, and a professing Chris- tian. She died in 1859, in the 82d year of her age. CAPT. JOHN C. BRIDGEMAN, From Coventry, Conn., to Hardwick, the first settler in the south part of the town, served the town in different ways. Was a very kind man to Ms friends, and in his family. FRANCIS WHIPPLE And wife came into Hardwick with their son, Joel Whipple, and famUy, in 1804, from New Braintree. He was a very jovial man, much given to anecdote, but firm in principle, and a very industrious, economical, and useful citizen. In his last sickness his prayer was especially for the welfare of the church. He died in 1823, aged 81. His wife, Mrs. Whipple, was a woman of superior mind, and a mother in Israel, beloved by all, young and old. She possessed a great fund of cheerfulness, and was often very shrewd. A fanatical minister once called, and said, " You sometimes entertain ministers." " Yes, if they have a recommendation." "And what would you say at one from heaven 1" — " Go straight back, 'tis a poor country here for such a man ! " When a widow, an aged man asked her to be- come his wife. In answer, "Why, Mi-. B., we are nothing but old cMldi-en. You have one foot in the grave, the other will be there soon. You had better go home, read your Bible, and pre- pare to die, than to be here on such an errand ! " She was very industrious ; some of her last work was spinning linen for a web. She warped it, forgot to tie the leases, and, as she took it from the bars, a gust of wind blew the whole into an irrecoverable snarl. " And is this the great Babylon I have built 1 a just rebuke to my pride and vanity ! " She was a friend to the sick and needy, and such was her great disinterestedness and every-day piety, she was a fit counsellor for all. The last years of her life she made her friends a yearly visit. She always chose to walk. People, sick or well, ever gave her a cheer- ful welcome. " Grandma is coming," has been echoed from many a child's glad heart. The words of wisdom and instruction which were dropped from her lips are as golden treas- ures in the memory of those who knew her. The last visit she made was in December. She walked half a mile to see a sick man. The effijrt was too much, and proved the occasion of her death. Her last audible prayer was, " Clothe me in the righteousness of Christ, and may I, in the morning of the resurrection, rise in the image of my Saviour ! " She died Dec. 1833, aged 89. DEA. JOEL "WHIPPLE Inherited the ready wit of his mother, and the firmness of his father. Was very active in town business, and in promoting schools. He was elected deacon of the Congregational Church in 1821, which office he held till his death, in 1827. During this time, the church was subjected to severe trials, and a division, caused by the locat- ing a house of worship. He gave liberally, and was firm and perse- vering in his efforts to accomplish the work of building a house for the Lord. The brethren were nerved on to action by his cheerful, hopeful spirit ; the pastor encom-aged ; religion honored by his love to Gx)d, to the church, and his fellow- 334 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. man, aud in the promotion of peace and har- mony, for which ho was especially distinguished. MRS. MARTHA WHIPPLE, His wife, was a woman of great refinement, meek, and Christ-like. She, and also her hus- band, joined in singing praises to Grod in his house till thek death. The tones of her voice were sweet and melodious. She died in 1836, aged 54 years. FRANCIS P. WHIPPLE, Their oldest son, a graduate of Middlebury Col- lege, and principal of an academy in Granville, N. Y., died in 1830, aged 25. He was intending to enter the ministry. HORATIO NELSON, Their third son, two years in Amherst College, was taken sick, and obliged to leave. Having paitially recovered, he engaged in teaching in Medway, Mass. Ho taught but a short time, however, before he went to his uncle Levi Whip- ple's, in Putman, Ohio, where he died of con- sumption in 1835, aged 26 years. He, too, had decided to be a minister. He was a very devoted, useful Chiistian ; unassuming, pleasing in liis ways, and had the love and esteem of all who knew him. CHARLES WHIPPLE, The youngest son and brother, commenced a preparatory course of study, with the ministry in view, but relinquished his cherished wishes to live with and care for his widowed mother ; but the angel of death claimed yet another. He died in 1832, aged 21. REV. J. B. HARDWICK NORRIS, Son of Deacon Nathaniel Norris, the second man who came, with his family, to settle in Hardmck, was the first child born in town (1792), and named Hakdwick in honor thereof. In early life he became a preacher and member of the Vermont Methodist Conference ; and, not- withstanding the accumulating care of a large family, was an itinerant for many yeai-s — for more than forty a faithful minister of the gos- pel. January, 1861, he left the vineyard of toil for the banqueting house above. COL. ALPHA WARNER. BY A. J. HYDE, M. D. Colonel Warner was bom in Hardwick, Mass., Dec. 1770, and removed to Hardwick, Vt., 1796, following the old military road to Canada, opened through the wilderness by Col. Hazen. Soon after he came here, he was mar- ried to Miss Lydia Cobb, of IIard^vick, Mass. As the old sign shows, bearing the date of 1797, he, this year, opened a house of entertain- ment on the Hazen Eoad, and presided in the capacity of host for nearly 60 years. This house was one of the most noted in Vermont, and many a traveller would ride a little later or go a littlo further to get to "Warner's." In 1816, he had the misfortune to lose, by death, the companion of his early years. In 1818, he was married again to ilrs. Anna Burton, whose death pre- ceded his but a short time. He went West in 1853, aud died Jan. 1854, at Chillicothe, Ohio, in the 84tli year of his age. Col. Wai'uer was one of the principal men by whose influence the name of the tovm was called after " Old Hard\vick, Mass." He was one of the early representatives of the town in the State Legislatm-e. A member of the church, he con- tinued in his Chi-istian profession up to Ids death. He was a very public-spirited man, always fa- vored improvements, especially of roads. He was considered a man of good judgment upon matters of eveiy-day life. This father of the town had the gratification to witness repeated rewards of his usefulness and public generositj', the waving grains take the place of the wilder- ness, the town teem with life and activity, the thoroughfares busy with the hun-ied traveller, and society flomish under the nurture of truth and virtue. [We are also indebted to Dr. Hyde for helping gather and copy other historical material, both in and near this section. — ed.] EXTRACT OF A LETTER. FKOM MISS STEVENS. Mr. David Tuttle, son of Eev. Amos Tut- tle, the first minister of Hardwick, who has lived in town longer than any other person now living, says we are mistaken in one item of history — that is, of the first bm-ial of an adult in town. In the history, we have written of a Mr. Sinclair, an aged man, that he died in 1796, and was bmied in a log dug out, etc. Mi-. Tuttle says he was 13 years old ; remembers well of his death, funeral, and burial. His father attended or heard the ex- ercises. He says liis coffin was made of pine boards, and painted black. Still Mr. Sinclair, a great-grandcluld of the one in question, claims that he was interred in a log, as described. He says, his mother was at the funeral, etc. In Greensboro', two miles away, there was a good saw-mill ; with means at hand, we can hardly suppose so rude a coffin would have been pre- feiTcd. ]\Ir. Tuttle says, before the town was settled but after the clearing made by Messrs. Safford and Page, a Mr. Satford, the one who worked with IVIr. Page, or a man by the same name, was moving with Ms family through Hardwick to Cambridge. They encamped for the night in the hut built l)y Peter Page. He was taken with bilious colic, and died ; and Mr. Tuttle says, Ml-. Safford's son told him that they were obliged to dig out a bass log to bury him in. He was interred near the stopping-place. This, HAEDWICK. 335 perhaps, gave rise to the story of Mr. Sinclair's being buried in such a coffin. THOUGHTS OF THE PRESENT, AND BEMI- NISCENCES OF THE PAST. I am an old man, seventy-eight to-day. I am the only person living in this town that was liv- ing in it at the time it was organized. I have seen its growth for the last sixty-six years ; have shared in its trials, prosperity, and honors, and have now retired from business with little capital, except a middHng clear conscience, excellent health for one of my age, many friends, and not an enemy that I know. If I have any, we never meet ; so I am pleasantly situated at the present, and visit my friends often, in which I take great satisfaction. I meet citizens of this town, with their splen- did equipage, on a good smooth road, where I, sixty odd years ago, found my way through then a dense forest, by blazed ti-ees. Not long since, I was on an eminence where, in by-gone days, I followed my sable line. Then I could see but a few rods into the great woods ; now, from that stand-point, I can see many splendid farms and residences, and even look in upon adjoining towns. I stood for a time enjoying the beauti- ful prospect, contrasting it with the pasf, when thoughts crossed my mind of the great West ; and I said, Wliat is this, compared with that I have seen there 1 Here, it has taken over half a cen- tury to bring about this change. There, I have seen on the shores of the great lakes, and on the banks of the Father of Waters, villages grow up in a few months larger than this town owns at the present. But soon my thoughts were again on the landscape before me, and I said, mentally, though this has been a slow work compared with some of young America for a few years past, yet it has been sure. The splendid farms and residences that I see here, the occupants own, and have money to let; whereas those I have seen grow up so rapidly at the West, some cap- italist living East holds a mortgage for much more than they can be sold for in these hard times. Although I admire those Western States, — believing they are destined to be the heart of the greatest republic on earth, — I am compelled to say, Vermont is a good httle State to live in, after all that is done and said. The Vermonters have ever done then- own work and thinking, and will continue to for a long time to come, I am confident. Ladies and gentlemen, citizens of the town of Hardwick, Caledonia County, and State of Ver- mont, I wish you all the prosperity and happi- ness that belongs to a correct and vktuous com- munity, David Tuttle. South Hardwick, Feb. 20, 1861. [We thank most cordially this Hardwick father for his contribution. How many other towns will send, for our Literary Department, a tribute from their oldest man living i" When old men talk, we love to listen. — ed.] I AM PASSING THROUGH THE VALLEY. Miss Jane Ann Porter, bom in East Hard- wick, in 1832, died December, 1855. The fol- lowing lines were written three weeks before her death : — I am passinof through the valley Called by mortals dark and drear ; Where the dread death-angel reigneth, Striking stoutest hearts with fear. Round me rolls the rapid river, And the breaking waves dash high ; But they shall not overwhelm me, For my Saviour still is nigh. One strong arm around me circles, While the other points above — And he whispers to my spirit Words of holy peace and love. Ah ! this valley, dark and lonely, Is not dark and lone to me ; For the Star of Bethlehem gleaming Through the rippled clouds I see. Brighter yet it grows, and brighter, Till the shadows disappear ; And the shore of life eternal Rises to my vision clear. Forms of loveliness excelling All I've ever seen before. Wait to welcome me to glory, When my pilgrimage is o'er. THE LIFE OF A MISSIONARY. BY MES. E. S. INGALLS. Many long years since, I can just perceive in the distance a ruddy youth of beautiful counte- nance, full of animation, of kindly disposition, dearly beloved by all his friends, full of zeal for the extension of the Redeemer's kingdom, ready to triumph over filial, fraternal, and social affec- tions, to go far hence among the aborigines of the Western wilds. Distances were not then shortened to the ex- tent that they now are. It was a long, long way over hill and dale, terminating at last in literally a howhng wilderness, with no other road than an Indian trail, where the wolves played well their part. This young missionary was among the pio- neers to the Cherokee nation, therefore subjected to all the privations incident to a first expedi- tion. He at once fixed his habitation among the red man's wigwams, where the forest was not only to be feUed, but the wild man tamed. At the very commencement he reared the standard of Immanuel, and to the nations around told the story of Jesus. Faster than his means would allow, he would have collected the youth and children into schools. That knowledge might be diffused the whole length and breadth of the nation, he often itine- rated. More than once on the excursions was he compelled to subsist on the productions of nat- ure, without any material modification of art to render his dish palatable. In a letter to his friends he remarked, " I often make my breakfast 33G VERMONT HISTORICAL ]\LVGAZINE. of a water-melon, and my dinner and supper on cucumbers and green corn. " All day have I rode in the rain, swam deep creeks, and at night laid down in my drenched clothes on the ground, and slept quietly, unin- jured by exposure. So you see I have great rea- son to praise God for a good constitution." In process of time other missionaries were sent to the Cherokee nation, among whom some whole fiimihes, that the nations might have a sample of good order and industry to awake their dormant energies. From one of these fam- ilies this missionary selected a companion. Tliis was the first Christian marriage celebrated in the Cherokee nation, therefore publicly solem- nized in the presence of many natives, who soon learned the propriety of the institution. A single instance out of thousands will show that they were mutual sharers of trials of no orinary kind. Once when they were journey- ing on horseback from one station to another, the distance of 50 miles or more, the sable cur- tains of night encircled them while they were still in the midst of a dense forest, the rain descend- ing in torrents. There was no alternative but to remain through the night. The first effort to obtain fii-e, doubtless by friction, forced the whole apparatus from his grasp, while the dark- ness rendered the search for it wholly unavailing. A shelter composed of their saddles and a few barks was all a tender female and helpless infant had to shield them a whole night from the pelt- ing storm. The little one, notwithstanding all the defence its mother could afford, was so com- pletely drenched as to wear marks of its ' green cap until its hair was of sufficient length to be cropped from its head. While on a visit to his friends in Hardwick, relating some of the various scenes through which he had passed, his friends inquired " Why he did not mention in his public addresses some of the many trials he had to encounter on missionary ground 1" "1 should blush to hold up to pub- lic gaze my trials, while the goodness and mercy of my Heavenly Father have followed me all my days," he replied. Very true, indeed ; praise might well dwell upon his tongue. He did not spend liis strength for naught. In the course of a few years, the entire aspect of the nation was changed. "Instead of comfortless wigwams," he wrote, " I now find good framed or brick houses; instead of sleeping on the ground, I now repose on feather beds ; instead of partaking my scanty meal with my fingers, I now find good, wholesome food placed on a neatly-furnished table ; and, what is far better, instead of the heathen, the blind worshippers of the ' Great Spirit,' I now find a well-organized community, the meek and humble followers of Christ Jesus, — not that it is true of the whole na- tion, but a good proportion." Here I would gladly leave the Cherokee na- tion, and the devoted missionary, quietly and faithfully pui'suing his labors of love ; but the white man coveted the highly productive land of the Indians, who, after long and grievous abuses, were removed fi-om their cherished homes, to the uncultivated regions of the " far West," where thousands, victims to the change, found an early grave. The missionary, after laboring more than 20 years with the Indians, was employed by the Home IMissionary Society to labor in Illinois. But he has gone to his reward. He died 1841, while attending the Presbytery at Alton, 111. His name was Rev. Wm. Chamberlain, a native of Bradford, Vt. He passed several years in Hardwick, where he was converted, and sent forth to the missionary work. While visiting his friends in Vermont in 1835, an uncle inquired if he had made any provision for his future support ? " Certainly." "Where "? " "In Heaven," was the emphatic reply. "I commit all to the care of my Heavenly Father." Subsequent events proved his faith genuine, and the gracious promises immutable. On his re- turn, provision was made for the education of two of his daughters. Mr. Fanshaw, of N. Y., well known as the printer and agent of the American Tract Society, educated one ; a lady in Brooklyn, another. When the faithful mis- sionary was called suddenly away, aid was im- mediately proffered. Rev. S. Worcester, of Sa- lem, Mass., whose father was the first Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, and died at Brainard, Cherokee Nation, at the house of Mr. C, who closed his eyes, and committed dust to dust, claimed the privilege of educating one ; all the others were kindly educated by benevolent individuals. KIKBY. ET CHARLES H. GRAVES. A TOWNSHIP lying in the easterly part of Caledonia County, and very well adapted to agricultural pursuits — the soil being generally free from stone, and consisting of a rich gravelly loam ; is well adapted to the raising of all kinds of grain and grass, and in most parts to the growing of Indian corn successfully. Fruit, also, grows well here ; there are some fine speci- mens in town. The winter of 1858 was, how- ever, rather unfavorable for the apple ; the old growth ah-eady shows signs of decay. With the exception of a range of mountains in the east- erly part, the town is susceptible of cultiva- tion ; and even those mountain-lots, after being cleared of their heavy growth of timber, i)ro- duce the best of pastm-age. Indeed, there is very little waste land in town. The low lands, that in the early settlement were considered too wet and swampy for cultivation, arc now the most productive and valuable. The township is well watered witli springs and brooks that rise among the hills, and wind their way through the KIRBY. 337 valleys to tlie Passumpsic and Moose Rivers, the latter of which passes through a corner of the town. Along its borders arc a few excellent farms, but no sites for mills. Near the centre of the town there is quite a mountain-ridge wMch somewhat divides the business of the town. Here is also a small pond, from wliich issues Pond Brook, on which are erected 2 saw-mills and 1 starch factory, which do good business ; there are also 2 other saw-mills in town in successful operation a part of the year. In the easterly part of the township is an excellent quarry of granite, known as the " Evans quarry," which, for beauty and feasibility, excels any- tliing of the kind yet found in this section, and will, doubtless, at some future day, be exten- sively used for building purposes. Tiie town did not settle very rapidly, and has never num- bered much more than 5G0 inhabitants. There was nothing unusual or remarkable in the events connected with the early settlement. In com- mon with the early settlers of the rest of this region, the first Id habitants of Kirby suffered much inconvenience and many hardships — Hv- ing as they did in a wilderness country, far from any market or source of supplies, and destitute in almost every instance of a team. The exact date of the first permanent settle- ment made hero is not knoTv^n. Theophilus Grant and Phineas Page removed thither about 1792, locating near the town line adjacent to St. Johnsbury. In 1800, Jonathan Leach came into the north part of the town, then called Bmice Tongue, and cut his first tree. Ho was soon joined by Josiah Joslin, Jude Whi^te, Jonathan Lewis, Ebcnezer Damon, Asahel Burt, Antipas Harrington, and others, mostly from Massachu- setts and New Hampsliu'e. Jonathan Leach and wife are still living upon the same farm upon which he first settled, and are the only sur- vivors of the first company of settlers. They still enjoy comfortable health, and their mental faculties are as yet very little impaired. The age of Mr. Leach is 85 ; of Mrs. Leach, 88 or 89. He was a native of Bridgewater, Mass. He made his first " pitch" in the town of Burke — purchasing a lot of land near the centre of that town. While absent, however, engaged in remov- ing liis family from Massachusetts to their new home, the proprietors obtained a new draught of the town, bringing his number some five miles to the southward of the spot where he had com- menced clearing, in an unbroken wilderness. Procuring, on his return, the assistance of a neighbor as a guide, started out in quest of his number, which, after some difficulty, he suc- ceeded in finding. In this new location he com- menced his labors, in the month of April, 1800. lie erected at once a log house, though, as the reader may readily imagine, "under difficulties," innsmuch as he was destitute both of shiagles and boards, not to mention numerous other articles usually deemed indispensable in order to con- venient and successful house-building. Into this rude structure, and while his gable-ends were still open, he removed his family, consisting of a wife and two small children. Addressing him- self now to clearing away the forest about him, and preparing the soil for cultivation, he suc- ceeded the first year in raising a sufficient amount of grain to meet the wants of his family. By another year, without the aid of a team, he had subdued enough of the forest to gather in 150 bushels of wheat. By the third year, he liad put up a framed barn — the building in which he thinks was taught the first school and held the first religious meeting in town (A. D. 1804). That barn is still standing, and is in a good con- dition. The first saw-mill in town, moreover, Avas built by Mr. Jonathan Leach. The to-wn charter was granted Oct. 20, 1786, and chartered Oct. 27, 1790, to Ptoswell Hop- kins, by the name of Hopkinsville, containing 11,284 acres. Subsequently, 2527 acres were added from the town of Burke, known as Burke Tongue, and the name of the toAvnship altered, by an act of Legislature, in 1808, to Kirby. The town was organized on the 8th of August, 1807, and on the 29 th of the same month, the first town-meeting was called to elect town officers. Selah Howe was chosen Moderator, Jonathan Lewis, ToAvn Clerk, which office he held 17 years. Benjamin Estabrooks, Joel Whipple, Ai'- unah Burt, first Selectmen ; Philomen Bro\\Ti, first Constable ; Josiah Joslin, first Town Repre- sentative. Dr. Abncr Mills removed into town about 1810, practising medicine in this and adjoining towns ; but did not remain long, with the excep- tion of the year 1813, when the prevailing epi- demic proved very mortal here, there being 21 deaths in town, and mostly of adults. The peo- ple have ever enjoyed a veiy good degree of health. The oldest person deceased in town appears, from the record, to have been Zebulon Burroughs, aged 84. The first birth (June 2d, 1801) was that of Lavina Harrington. The first marriage celebrated was that of Nathaniel Reed and Sukcy Sweat, Eeb. 8, 1804. The first death was that of Henry White, Sept. 3, 1803. There are now seven organized school districts in town. In 1812, there was a Congregational Church organized, consisting of 1 1 members. Timothy Locke was chosen first deacon, which office he held until his death in 1850. This church has never had a pastor ordained over it ; but has been im- proved a part of the time by itinerant ministers from abroad. In 1824, Rev. Luther Wood united with this church, and continued to preach a por- tion of the time, until, on account of the infirmi- ties of age, he was no longer able to perform pas- toral duties. In 1828, the church erected a comfortable house of worship, in wliich they con- tinued to meet until about 1840, at which time the church numbered 45 members. About the 33S VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. same year a new church was formed at East St. | Johnsbury. In order to enjoy bettor privileges and accommodations than what they had hitherto been able to, a portion of the Kirl)y Chm-ch asked and obtained dismission from the latter with a view to uniting with the former. This exodus from the old church left it in such a fee- ble condition that it was no longer able to sus- tain stated preaching. In consequence, most of the members have taken letters to churches in adjoining towns. There was a Methodist Society established here as early as 1804, the class being formed under the supervision of the Rev. Mr. Peck, of the Lyndon charge. They were for a long time supplied -nath preaching from adjoining towns. At present, however, this society is in a flourish- ing condition, about 25 having been added the past year. They now number about 75 members, and enjoy stated preaching, — Ecv. Mr. BuUard, pastor. REV. LUTHEK "WOOD. Eathcr Wood, as ho was more familiarly called, was born in Lebanon, N. H. In 1800 he i-emovod to St. Johnsbuiy, Yt. He obtained a license to preach about 180-1. I tliink he was never ordained over any church. His early his- toiy was marked with affliction, privations, and losses, — having been burnt out once or twice, and thi-own upon the charities of the world with a large family of small childi-en to sustain. His motto, however, was ever onward and upward. At an early day he purchased a farm, and re- moved his family to this town. About 1824, he, with his wife and some of his childi-en, united with the Congregational Church here, which at that time was very feeble, and the timely aid which this connection afforded was joyfully i-e- ceived by its members. He continued to preach to them at intervals until he was called to his reward. Although he never possessed so much pulpit eloquence as many, yet his sermons were deep and impressive, and fall of gospel truth. . They were more deeply impressed on the mind by the fact that they came from a warm and feel- ing heart, without any affectation of over-heated imagination. He lived to the advanced age of 79, and retained his mental faculties almost to the end of life. Of liim it was emphatically trao, he was a faithful servant of his Master. In his death the church and community sustain no ordinaiy loss. In his will ho bequeathed $1800 to carry forward missionary cntei-prise. HON. ALBERT WESLEY BURROUGHS. Judge Burroughs, son of Setli and Olive Bur- roughs, was born April 18, 1815. Although he never enjoyed the advantages of what is termed a classic education, being by nature a scholar, he early manifested an ardent love for books ; and being possessed of a discriminating mind and a disposition to improve, was, while quite young, initiated into the business interests of the town. Not only was ho disposed to succeed, but was eager to excel in all his pursuits. At the age of 19, he was appointed county surveyor, and after that did most of the surveying in this vicinity. Ho entered the militia company, and was in due time placed at the head of the same. In 1843, he Avas elected RcprescntatiYe to the General Assembly; in 1850 and '51 elected ono of the Assistant Judges of tlie County Court for this county ; and, although he was a practical farmer and never entered the school of law, yet his knowledge of the science was quite extensive, and his practice considerable. His opinions, indeed, were often sought, and liis decisions con- sidered very reliable, scarcely less so than the majority of the bar. lEs death occuiTcd on the 3d day of September, 1858. LYNDON. BY IIOX. GEO. C. CAHOON. Lyndox is a six miles square toAvuship, situa- ted a little north of the centre of Caledonia County, in the valley of the Passumpsic, the natiu-al northern terminus of the beautiful valley of the Connecticut. It is bounded S. by St. Johnsbury, cornering on the S. W. by Dan- ville, Vi. by "Wheelock, N. by Sutton and Burke, and E. by Burke and Kirby, and lies in latitude 44 deg. 32 min. N., and in long. 4 deg. 54 min. E. Its surface is uneven, interspersed with liills and valleys, carved out by the many tributaries of the Passumpsic, flowing from other towns, and uniting in tliis, and forming one beautiful river. Its waters arc uncommonly cold and pure. These rivulets divide the town into a fair proportion of meadow and upland. The soil is' a rich loam, easy of cultivation, and very pro- ductive. There is scarcely any barren or waste land in the town, and the highest hills arc ara- ble to their summits, and are usually as fertile and productive as the low lands, and will yield abundant harvests of any crop the farmer may choose to cultivate ; and they also afford excel- lent grazing for neat cattle, sheep, and horses. The intervales, which are ovci-flowed by the spring and fall freshets, and sometimes — un- luckily for the growing crops in the summer — ■ arc sufiBciently enriched by the alluvial deposit thus given them, as not to require the manure- dressings which uplands need to restore the ex- haustions of frequent harvests. In addition to those benefits, the beauty of the scenery is greatly enhanced by the vaiiety of hill and dale pro- duced by these various streamlets. Several sites of excellent water-power for mills and machin- ciy arc located in the town. The most noted of these are the "Great Falls" and the "Little Falls," botli being on the main branch of Pas- sumpsic River, and the Great Falls on the entire river as it leaves town ; the head of the Falls, over which the railroad passes, being some 60 rods north of the south lino of the town, and LYNDON. 339 having a descent, in about 30 rods, of 65 feet. The Little Falls are one mile above, having a de- scent from the bed of the river of about 20 feet. Both sites of Falls having rock beds, and rock- bound shores, afford good faciUties for the erec- tion of factories, mills, and machinery of any kind — the river being of sufficient breadth, depth, and capacity for all needed practical pur- poses. The Great Falls have a capacity of oper- ating an almost unlimited amount of machinery. *The Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers Rail- road, which runs tlu-ough the town north and south near its centre, passes near both these Falls, and affords ready transportation for the manufactured or raw material. The town was located in the summer of 1780, by Hon. Jonathan Ai-nold, Daniel Gaboon, and Daniel Owen, of Providence, R. I, an Explor- ing Committee of an association of about fifty of the most enterprising citizens of that city and its vicinity, to select ungranted territory for a township in wliich to settle a colony in the new State of Vermont — then famed for its beauty and fertility — and to procure its charter. Bamet, Peacham, and Ryegate were the only towns then chartered in the present limits of Caledonia County. The approach of the committee to the ungranted territory was by way of the Connec- ticut River Valley; and, as a natural continua- tion of the same valley, they followed up the Passumpsic River to its Great and Little Falls, and its extensive meadows on the main river, and its many tributaries ; and made such farther reconnoissances as they deemed necessaiy, to be sure that they were right. They then, from the summit of the high conical hill south-east of the " Corner Village," with the eye fixed the out- lines now forming the boundaries of the town of Lyndon, as best comporting with the interests of their mission ; and all will agree that it was a very judicious selection. Before its charter- grant, the territory thus selected was called Best- bury. The author of the name is unknown, but it is indicative of the same sentiment in the sojourn- ers in the wilderness, which has been entertained by its settlers — that it is the better land for an earthly habitation. It appears to have been the hunting and fishing-ground of the native Ameri- can ; and many arrow-points of flint, and other implements — made and used by Indians — of stone, were found by the early settlers about the Falls, in the river, and on the late Gen. Gaboon's farm, indicating that those pleasant fields, which have been the chosen grounds for military pa- rades and mock-fights, in modern times, were also the battle-grounds of the aborigines at an earlier period. The St. Francis Indians Avere the last known to occupy this part of Vermont, and scarcely a year passes without some of the descendants of that tribe come out of Canada in families, and select some favorite grove to encamp in, to make and peddle baskets and nick-nacks peculiar to their race ; and they make themselves quite at home, and if reminded by the owner of the prem- ises that they are too free-and-easy with the lands and property of others, they adroitly set up prior right by priority of possession, saying, " Indians were here before white men." With such squat- ter sovereigns to contend with, a few presents to the matrons of the tribe, with an intimation that you wish them to leave, is the most efiective way for their removal. The town was granted by the General Assem- bly of Vermont, Nov. 2, 1780, to Jonathan Ar- nold and his associates — in all 53, inclusive of the Governors of Vermont and Rhode Island, and the Rev. James Manning, D.D., of Provi- dence, and the others, mostly his parishioners, uniting the interests of church and state in favor of the adventurers. The name Lyndon was given it in honor of the oldest son of the first grantee, Doct. Arnold, whose name was Josias Lyndon. Historically it was chartered Nov. 20, 1780; but that recorded in the Town Clerk's office bears date June 27, 1781, after its survey, and confers on the township the usual privileges and immunities of corporate towns, dividing the proprietary shares into seventieth parts, and re- serving six for public uses, viz. College, County Grammar Schools, Town Schools, minister's settlement, minister's support, and mill-right, and 9 1-7 acres of each share for roads ; a wholo right containing 329 1-7 acres. Also, reserving that each share have a settlement, with a house 18 feet square on it, in four years, or so soon after the war as safety will allow. Josias Lyn- don Arnold was a native of Providence, liber- ally educated, and professionally a lawyer, and also a poet. He settled at St. Johnsbury at an early day, but it is said that his social and edu- cational tastes did not perfectly harmonize with backwoods life. He was probably the first lawyer settled within the present limits of the county. He died in 1792, and left a widow and daughter. The widow afterwards mamed the Hon. Charles Marsh, of Woodstock, and was mother of the Hon. George P. Marsh, the pres- ent American Minister to Sardinia. The Hon. Jonathan Arnold, first grantee of the town, having afterwards obtained the charters of Billy- mead and St. Johnsbury, and settled in the last town, died therein in 1793. The natural productions of grain are wheat, rye, oats, barley, corn, potatoes, and the usual cuKnary vegetables of the State ; these are grown for home consumption, and some for market. More oats are raised than all other grains, as they furnish good forage both by the grain and the straw, and they find a more ready market, and are a very sure crop. Wheat used to bo grown in great abundance, and formed quite an article of traffic, and the soil is well adapted to its culture at the present time ; but the weevil has been its great enemy, and the cause of the failure of the crop for years ; but 3-10 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. many farms have recently successfully tiicd the crop acrain, and others will do well to follow the example. Potatoes have given good profits for their cultivation for several years, and partic- ulai-ly since the construction of the raihoad through the town for exportation, and were hc- foi'c that much grown for starch, as at a previous period for the maldug of whiskey. Eye and bar- ley were formerly grown here for malt and dis- tillation ; but the worm of the still has long since ceased to devour cither the potatoes, the rvc or the barley, and they are all much more used for the feeding of cattle than formerly. The growing of grain is not always so ready paying as the raising of neat-cattle, sheep, and horses. In all these, Lyndon holds a prominent position. The Shearman, the Root, and the Bc- miss Morgans, have enjoyed a world-wide rci^uta- tion. About a year since, a purchaser from the State of Georgia came here to buy a colt at a price of one thousand dollars. For symmetry of fonn, and for beauty of action, and for speed, they are unrivalled. Vermont horses rank high, and Ljmdon horses rank with the highest. And so as to neat-cattle and sheep. Lyndon furnishes her fidl share of good oxen and good cows, and stock of every description, and a fair proportion of the Vermont butter found in market comes from tliis quarter ; and many beef cattle, sheep, lambs, and calves, arc marketed from tliis same region. Another rich product of the town is maple sugar, relieving the North from subser- viency to the South for the sweets of life. The native forest-trees arc wliite pine, spruce, hemlock, fir, and cedar, of evergreens, and of annual foliage the sugar-maple is predominant ; beech, birch, bass-wood, butternut, elm, ash, and tamarack, interspersed with a variety of trees of smaller growth, both ornamental and useful, as the cherry, the moosemissa, the raspberry, and blackberry — the two latter, with the delicious strawberry of the hay-field, yielding rich nutri- tive fruit, contributing much to good living. Tiie grant of the township being to citizens of Rhode Island, so most of its early settlers came from tliat State and its viciniiy, Scekonk and Reholjoth, Mass. Others came from the interior of Massachusetts, and the valley of the Connec- ticut River in Massachusetts, Vermont, and New Hampshire ; and some from the interior of New Hampslnrc, — Sandwich, and its neighborhood. The first settlement was commenced by Dan- iel Cahoon, Jr., a native of Providence, R. I., then coming from Winchester, N. IT. He, with a few chosen men, commenced a clearing on Right No. 3, allotted to his fatlier, as original proprietor, in April, 1788. The first season was devoted to clearing land and building the log house, and growing scanty supplies of provis- ions ; he having the honor of falling the first tree for the settlement. As the woods were full of game, and the river of ti'out, they fared more sumptuously than such adventurers would now. His first experience in housekeeping was in a camp of boughs ; and then in one covered with baik peeled from the trees in large sheets, and afterwards in the log house, covered with the same material, keeping bachelor's hall. After his beginning, others followed in Ins wake, and shortly many a new opening was made in the forest, and many a smoke, rolling upward, indi- cated that human habitations were there in pro- gress of construction. Jonathan Davis, Jonas Sprague, Nathan Ilines, and Daniel Hall, were of the number. They did not attempt a winter's residence, but retired to their friends for more comfortable quarters ; and, after rest and social cnjojmient, and obtaining supplies of necessaries, tlie former adventurers returned the next spring, 17S9, invigorated and with new zeal in their en- terprises, — and one at least with a new stimulant to action, — and that was Davis, with his wife, the first female settler of the town, they making it their home in Mr. Gaboon's new log liouse. Tliis year, most of the beginners of the previous year, with several others, moved their famihes into town ; and this year and the next were so well prospered and increased, that in 1791, so many had commenced settlements in different parts of the town, that it became desirable to have it organized for the making and repairing roads and bridges, and the better managing the prudential affairs of the community ; and with the patriotic purpose of duly honoring the 4th of July, they fixed on that day for its organization ; Abraham Morrill, Esq., of Wheelock, warning the meeting, and presiding until it was effected by the choice of Elder Philemon Hines, Modera- tor. Daniel Cahoon, Jr.,was elected Town Clerk ; James Spooner, Daniel Reniff, and Daniel Ca- hoon, Jr., Selectmen and Listers ; Nehemiah Tu5kcr, Treasurer, and Nathan Hines, Consta- ble and Collector. There were, at the time of taking the census this year, 59 inhabitants. It was "Voted to have the Selectmen di^ide the town into six highway districts, to convene the inhabitants in working on the highways near home," and surveyors were chosen ; then voted to adjourn the meeting to August 1st. At the adjourned meeting, as expressed by the record, " Thinking it necessary, and highly conducive to the settlement of the town, that measures be taken to open new roads, and erect bridges for the convenience of the inhabitants of this and other towns, where the roads are almost impassable," and declaring the inability of the inhabitants of the town to do it — Voted that the Town Clerk make and foi-ward a peti- tion to the next General Assembly, for a tax of two pence on each acre of land in town for the l)Ui-pose. And voted to purchase the Statute Lav.'s and suitable record books for the town, and raised money by subscription, on the credit of the town, to pay for said books. Caledonia County. No. IV. October, 1863. VERMONT A HISTORICAL MAGAZINE, EMBRACING A DIGEST OF THE HISTOEY OF EACH TOWN, ' She stands, fair Freedom's chosen Home, Our own beloved Green Mountain State." "Where breathes no castled lord or cabined slave; Where thoughts, and hands, and tongues are free." EDITEDBT ABBY MARIA HEMBNWAY, COMPILER OF "the poets AND POETRY OF VERMONT." Terms: One Dollar per Year. Clubs solicited. LUDLOW, VT.: AND SOLD BY AGENTS THROUGHOUT THE STATE, ALBANY, N.Y.: J. MUNSELL. -2) ')(iXj§'(i/^<^Xj§xt^3xiX^xU^xi/3x^^ A SERIES OF TOWN HISTORIES, GROUPED IN COUNTIES. A FREE HISTORICAL CHANNEL FOR EVERY TOWN. Entered according to Act of CongresB, in the year 1859, by Abbt Maria Hemenwat, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Vermont. TEEMS: Fifty Cents a ITumber ; $1 a year ; or Pourteen Ifumbers for $3— Invariably in Advance. Postage, three cents, paid at Office of Delivery, WANTED. — One or more Lady AsBistants or Local Agents in each uncanvaseed Town. 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HISTOEICAL CON'TEN'TS No. 4. CALEDONIA COUNTY— Concluded. Lyndon — concluded,. . . by Hon. G. C. Cahoon. New.-irk, " L.M. Sleeper. Peacham, " Rev. A. Boulelle. Ryegate, «' .. .Rev. James M.Beattie. St. Johnsbury, " ....Edward T. Fairbanks. Sheffield,.. " A.S.Lamb. Sutton, «« John Beckwith, Esq. Walden, " Hon. James D, Bell. Waterford, " T. A. Cutler. Wheelock, " Hon. T. C. Cree. Goshen Gore, " Jos.Clark&Dr H.J.Hyde. Military Chapter, " No. 5. CHITTENDEN COUNTV. County Chapter, by Hon. David Reed. Bolton, " ....Geo. W. Kenedy, Esq. Burlington " Board of Writers. Charlotte, " Rev. B. D. Ames. Colchester, " Hon. David Reed. Essex, " Dr. L.C. Butler. Hinesburgh, compiled . " Rev. C. E. Ferrin. Huntington,. " James Johns. Jericho, " .. Dr. George Lee Lyman. Milton, " Hector Adams, Esq. Richmond, " S. H. Davis, Esq. St. George, " H. L iwrcnce, Esq. Shelburne, " Board of Writers. Undorhill " ..Gay H. Nananiore, E^q. Westford, « Hon. J. H.Woodward, D D. Williston, " Board of Writers. HISTORICAL COi^TRIBUTIOJ^S FOR ESSEX COUNTY.— Bloomtteld, by Hon. A. Burbank; Brighton, by N. P. Bowman, Esq.; Brunswick, by Mrs. Margaret G. Marshall; Canaan, by Geo. W. Hartshorno, Esq. ; Concord, by J. E. Wood- bury; Granby, by Loomis Wells; Guildhall, by Milton Cutler; Lemington, by Arthur T. Holbrook ; Luncn- burgh, by Hon. Jonah Brooks; Maidstone, by Hon. Charles Rich; County Chapter of Natural History, by H. A. Cutting. East Haven, Granby, and Victory, to be supplied. FOB. FKANKLEN" COUK'TY'.— Introductory, or County Chapter, by George F. Houghton, Esq. ; Bakersfield, by Rev. Caleb W. Piper; Berkshire, by Hon. Stephen Royce ; Enosburgh, by Hon. Alvin H. Baker; Fairfax, by Pres. Upham and John Uflbrd; Fairfield, by Col. Samuel Perley ; Fletcher, by Benj. A. King-ley, Esq.; Franklin, by Edwin R. Towle, Esq. ; Georgia, by Rev. Alvah Sabin; Highgate, by Amos Skeels, Esq. ; Montgomery, by Nelson W. Clapp, Esq. ; Ricbford, by Rev. B. J. Livingston ; Sheldon, by Hon. Alfred Keith and Hon. D. D. Weed ; St. Albans, by Rev. J. E. Rankin ; Swanton, by Rev. John B. Perry ; Geology of the County, by Rev. John B. Perry. No. V, CHrrTEKDEN CouNTT (now in press), will be embellished with portrait of Gov. Van Ness. The succeeding Nos. of the Gazetteer may now be expected to go to press quarterly, and to be drawn as fast as the subRcriptions of its patrons cancel its printing bills. ./4% WMm0s% Mih VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. CALEDONIA COUNTY. LYNDON. BY HON GEORGE C. CAHOON. [Concluded.] At town meeting, March 12, 1792, Elder Philemon Hines was chosen moderator; Daniel Cahoon, town clerk; Daniel Ca- hoon, Philemon Hines and James Spooner, selectmen and listers; Nathan Hines, con- stable; and Nehemiah Tucker, treasurer. " Voted, that the selectmen be paid four shillings per day for services actually per- formed for the town." "Voted, that a tax of six pounds be as- sessed for exigence expenses of the town. At freemen's meeting, 1792, Daniel Cahoon, Jr., was elected the first representative of the town. Prior to 1792 all taxes and assessments for highways and other purposes were by common consent and voluntary subscription, and enforced by self-will and patriotic pur- pose. The first grand list was made this year, composed of 30 persons, and the total of each item and the amount of the whole was as follows: polls 28; 26 acres of land, 22 oxen, 22 cows, 6 3 ji-ears old cattle, 7 2 years old cattle, 2 yearlings and 11 horses — amount £359, equal to $1,196.66. Of those who composed that list, William Fisher, the last survivor, died in town, June 30, 1861, aged 96 years o months. The family name of only six of the number remains in town ; Cahoon ; Easterbrook (there- were in the list two of this name — Benjamin and Caleb), three Fishers, Jeremiah, William and James ; and two McGaiFeys, John and Andrew ; Jo- nas Sprague, and Zebina Wilder. 1793, at March meeting, Daniel Cahoon was re-elected town clerk, and Daniel Ca- hoon, Daniel Reniff and Nehemiah Tucker wore elected selectmen and listers ; and An- drew McGaffey, constable. In the early period of the settlement milling and market- ing had to be done at Barnet, over 20 miles, and at Newbury, about 35 miles distant, on 44 almost impassible roads, as best they could ; Col. Wallace of Newbury, was the wholesale commissariat of Northern Vermont ; at a later period they obtained ample supplies at Barnet, and still later at St. Johnsbury, Their luxuries, though few, were with a keen relish enjoyed with each other. In a brief period the patron of the enterprise, Daniel Cahoon, Jr., nurtured under milder skies and kindlier influences, not having a consti- tution of sufficient power and vigor to keep up with his mental and bodily exertions, became prostrate with that insidious and flattering but fatal disease, the consumption, long ere the meridian of life ; but to the last he sought the faithful performance of all trusts, and the best good of the infant plant- ation. He had rendered himself useful in other settlements, as St. Johnsbury, Billy- mead, now Sutton, and Barton, presiding at Barton at its organization. To the great sor- row of his friends and neighbors, it remained for him to fill up with his death the notable coincidences of his relationship to the history of Lyndon, that he was its first settler, first town clerk of the first board of selectmen and listers, the first justice of the peace, the first representative, and holding all these offi- ces at the time of his death, finally to be the first person who died in town, which occurred June 11th, 1793, aged 26 years 4 months. His son, Benjamin P. Cahoon, then nearly 2 years of age, was the second male child born in town, Lyndon Hines being the first, and Lydia Wilder being the first female born in town. B. P. Cahoon removed from Lyn- don in 1817, and in the year 1861, died at Kenosha, Wisconsin, a noted gardener. It remained for a younger brother, William Cahoon, then 19 years of age, who had come to the rescue, to take the helm of affairs and go ahead, which he did, from that time forth, successfully to the close of his life. May 30th, 1833. During that period he had the pleasure of seeing the town become thickly populated, and supplied with all 342 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINT. needful julvnutagcs for home comfort and for common school and academic education and religious worship, with a competency of property, himself having sustained meekly all the offices of honor, profit and trust in town, county, and state, which he could de- sire, and the last four years of his life re- presented the state in the congress of the United States. In May, 1793, Daniel Cahoon, Sen., one of the locating committee and a charter grantee of the township, moved his family into town, occupying a portion of the log house erected by his son in 1788, which had been essentially enlarged and otherwise im- proved for comfort. He was the only one of the original proprietors who settled in town. His transition from the wharves and storehouses of the importing merchant, and the councils of the city, and the counting room of the forge and furnace, in which he had spent the vigor of his manhood, to this backwoods settlement, was very great; but such as the devastations of the war of the Revolution occasioned to him as to many others. He did not possess physical strength sufficient to endure the rugged labor of the farmer, but he had the mental ability and ready tact to render himself very useful in Irhe management of the financial and pru- dential affairs of the community, and on the death of his son Daniel, he was immediately chosen to fill the town offices thus made vacant, and performing their duties accept- ably, he was re-elected thereto many years ; having been town representative 8 years, selectman 11, and town clerk 15 in succes- sion, to which offices his son AVilliam suc- ceeded on his retirement, and held the lat- ter office 21 years in succession, resigning it in 1829, on being elected to congress. In 1808, when Daniel Cahoon retired from the office, he received high commendation from a special committee appointed to report in the premises, and a vote of thanks from the town for the faithful and satisfactory man- ner in which he had performed the duties of the various town offices which he had held, and particularly of town clerk, which is of record. He died September 13th, 1811, aged 74 years, being gored by a bull not known to be vicious, when passing through a barn- yard, and not on his guard. The concourse at his funeral was much the largest that had then ever assembled in the town on such an occasion, numbering eight or nine hundred, and many fiom other towns. In 1793, 43 were listed, one deceased be- ing omitted, showing an increase during the year of 14, some of whom were young men arriving at manhood, others were from im- migration ; in which latter class we find Daniel Cahoon, Sen., Widow Cynthia Jenks, and her two sons, Nehemiah and Brown Jenks, Calvin and Jesse Doolittle, John and Roswell Johnson, Joel Fletcher, Ephraim Hubbard, Job Olney, Samuel Winslow, and others, active, useful citizens. The amount of the list was £479 personal property, 34 oxen, 35 cows, cattle 2 years old 6, cattle of 1 year 10, and 8 horses, showing an in- crease of 32 neat cattle. John Johnson was the first merchant in town. In 1794, 50 were listed. Its amount was £583, the in- crease in neat cattle was 8, of horses 6. Joel Ross, Simeon Smith, Peter Tibbets, Ben- jamin Bucklin, Jonathan Parks, Jonathan Robinson and others, moved into town. Mr. Robinson at an early day moved into Barton. During the current year from June, '93 to June, '94, the settlers though well prospered in their agricultural pursuits were sorely afflicted by the sickness and sudden death of several of their members ; first, of Daniel Cahoon, Jr., as already noticed, in June '93, and, in the same month, of a son aged 12 years of Samuel Winslow, by a falling tree ; in May '94, of a daughter of Daniel Hall of canker-rash, aged 12 years ; on the 4th June, '94, of Philemon Hines, a Baptist elder of estimable character, by suicide — verdict of jury of inquest, cause insanity — and 12th August, of Widow Cynthia Jenks, of lock- jaw. Mrs. Jenks commenced the first settle- ment of the Corner village, occupying the grounds where the Fletcher buildings stand, now owned by E. A. Cahoon. After her death her log house became noted as the temporary residence of many a new settler entering town, and as the first school-house, being first occupied as such by Abel Carpen- ter, Esq., and afterwards by Dr. Abner Jones, who then was or subsequently became a Baptist preacher. This year was also nota- ble for the one in which they began to marry in the settlement, and the first transpiring was that of Jeremiah Washburn and Hannah Orcutt, June Itath. Mr. Washburn previously living in Lyndon, and the ceremony having been performed by Daniel Cahoon, Esq., it has been reputed to have been the first that occui-red in town, but the bride's father re- sided in Billymead (now Sutton) and the wedding was at her home, and the first ipar- riage in Lyndon was of Roswell Johnson and Naomi Bartlett by the same magistrate, Oct. 5, 1794. 1795, at a freemen's meeting in February, LYNDON. 343 to elect member to congress, Wm. Cahoon and three othei's were admitted freemen, ■ Daniel Buck had 14 votes, and Nathaniel Niles 4. At March meeting, Daniel Cahoon, Jesse Doolittle and Nehemiah Tucker were elected selectmen and listers. The number of lists were 65, and the amount of the list £732, or $2440, an increase of nearly $500, arising from immigration, internal improve- ments, and increase of cattle and horses, of the former 36 and the latter 10. Joel and Wait Bemiss, John and Josiah Brown, Caleb Parker, Wm. Ruggles and Ziba Tute, all good citizens, moved into town this year, and others also. Some of the notable occurrences of the year, were the building of the first framed house by Nathaniel Jenks, Esq., a scientific and practical surveyor who about ■ this time moved into town, and a Mr. Arnold put up some imperfect mills on the site now occupied by Mr. Kimball's planing mill, on the branch near the Coi'ner, with a view to acquire the mill right, but the town not accepting them, voted said mill right to William Cahoon, if he would build thereon suitable mills, which he did to acceptance. • Mr. Ziba Tute, who some years after removed to AVindsor, was a man stout and athletic, and of noble daring, as is shown by an occur- rence at the burning of the Tontine building at Windsor. The building had many occu- * pants, merchants and others ; when the fire ■was raging and no hopes of saving the build- ing, it was told that in one of the rooms, in an upper story there was a quantity of powder stored, which if not removed would soon explode and imperil the lives of many, and spread the fire. The avenues to the powder were all closed except by a long lad- der — Mr. Tute had no personal interest in the matter, but seeing others unwilling to run the risk, dashed forward and promptly ascended the ladder, opened the window and entered the almost suffocating room, seized the powder cask with its hoops on fire, clutch- ed it under his arm, and descended the lad- der with it but little singed, extinguished its burning hoops, and put it in a safe deposit- ory, much to his own comfort, and the great joy of all others. In 1796 Wm. W. McGaffey was elected se- ^, lectman and lister in lieu of Mr. Doolittle. The lists were 73, neat cattle, 209, an increase of 74 ; amount of list, £1054.15 or $3515.83 ; and Abel Carpenter, Esq., Capt. Elias Be- miss, SI Smith Matthewson, Gains Peck, Ely Dickerman, Jose^ Harris, Peleg Hix and others came to reside in town. Esquire Carpenter, as he was familiarly called, or captain in reference to his military proclivi- ties, was a lieutenant and commissary in the Rhode Island line in the army of the Revolu- tion, carrying in his person, as an evidence of his valor, one of the enemy's bullets re- ceived in battle, for which he received im- mediately an invalid pension of small amount, and afterwards a more munificent pension under the general pension laws, com- mensurate with his official position- in the army ; which were in this case meritoriously bestowed, as he was a brave man and good ofiicer. He used facetiously to call his invalid pension his short staff and his Revolutionary pension his long staff, saying that Uncle Sam made better provision for him when old than when he was young ; he was thankful for what he could get. It so occurred that he did not, when living, receive the pension that he should as commissary. By a new con- struction of the law his children obtained it after his decease. At the time he moved into Lyndon he possessed a good practical busi- ness education, acquired in part by his official services in the army, and having an aptitude to turn the same to account, and also to im- part it to others, he soon became the first school master in town, and a principal officer to manage the town affairs for some 20 years, in various capacities. Capt. Bemiss was also a prominent man, as also his sons, two of whom, Elias and Welcome, were state sena- tors. A military company was organized this year of about 50 persons, and soon in- creased to 76. In 1797, Daniel Cahoon, Nathaniel Jenks and Abel Carpenter were elected selectmen and listers. They were also the principal trial justices for several years ; and integrity of purpose seems to have characterized the courts of that day, for an early lawyer is reported to have said of the first, that if he had a bad cause, he would be the last man in the world he would have try it, but if he had a good one, the very first. The same might have been said of the others. Mr. Cahoon was the favorite justice in the court of matrimony, usually receiving his fees, if paid at all, in the currency of the times — "change of works" with the swain in his peculiar vocation or calling, the contrast sometimes rendering it amusing. There were 75 lists, amounting to $4374.50, ex- ceeding the list of last year $858.67. Neat cattle, 229, and 31 horses. Timothy Ide, two families of Houghtons, two of Evans and two of Norris, Caleb Parker and three or four other families moved into town. In 1798, the same were elected selectmen and 344 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. listers. There were 85 lists, 264 neat cattle and 43 horses — increase of neat cattle, 35; of horses, 12. Total lists, $5120; increase of tlie year, $751.50. The town this year had quite an ingress of valuable citizens, of whom were Leonard and Henry Wat- son, Eben Peck 1st. Levi Lockling, Jacob Houghton, Elijah Ross, Zerah Evans, Jude Kimball, John Woodiui\n, Nathan Parker, Benjamin Walker, and Nathan Hubbard. Mr. Woodman was father of the Rev. Jona- than AVoodmau, a popular Freewill Baptist preacher. In 1799, selectmen and listers same as the three years preceding. The lists were 100 ; neat cattle, 336, and horses, 63 — increase of neat cattle, 72 ; of horses, 32. Total list, $6669.25 ; increase, $1543.25. A number of good citizens moved into town this year, of whom were Isaiah Fisk, the father of the Rev. Dr. Wilbur Fisk, late president of the Wesleyan University at Middletown, Conn., who, at that time being six or seven years old, came with the family, and remained here until he commenced his academic edu- cation, some ten or more years afterwards ; also the Hofifmans, the Sheldons, the Win- sors, Bacons ; Dr. Abner Jones, who was also a preacher ; Eleazer Peck and Josiah Gates, whose daughters, Elizabeth, Lucy and Sally, became the good wives of Elijah Ross, Eliphas Graves and David McGaifey ; Mrs. Lucy Graves marrying Capt. Elias Bemiss for her second husband and his second wife. Mr. Job Sheldon, though he resided in town but a short time, left behind him the lasting remembrance of the generosity of the sailor, by his donation to the town of ten acres of valuable land, near its centre, for a public cemetery and common. In 1800, Daniel Cahoon, William Winsor and Isaiah Fisk were elected selectmen and listers. There were 110 lists, 347 neat cattle, and 77 horses — increase, 11 cattle and 14 horses. Amount of list, $7186.50 — increase, $517.25. The town received a good recruit of new settlers this year, of whom Avere the Blys, Browns, Wilmarths, Alphs. Fletcher, Field; John Gates the miller; Haskell the clothier, the Scotts, Ripley, and others. There is incorporated into the town records of this year the formation of a religious society for the purpose of settling a minister, and a vote of the town of 100 acres of the minister's settlement right to any acceptable preacher who would settle in town, and of said so- ciety's tendering such settlement to Elder Stephen Place, understood to have been a Baptist, who did not accept the offer. In 1801, Daniel Cahoon, Nathaniel Jenks and Isaiah Fisk were selectmen and listers. The number of lists were 133; there being 439 neat cattle, and 103 horses and colts — whole amount, $8608. Of those who moved into town this year, were James Ayer, Joel Bemiss, Abel Brown, Oliver Chaffee, Ira Evans, Wm. Houghton the tanner, Samuel Park, Job Randall, Abraham Smith, James Shearman and Aaron Walker. Mr. Randall and Mr. Smith have both represented the town and held various offices. Mr. Randall still lives, in a vigorous old age. much re- spected, and is probably now the oldest per- son living in town. Mr. Shearman obtained a celebrity for good horses. In 1802, ten years from taking the first grand list, Daniel Cahoon, AVm. Winsor and Isaiah Fisk were the selectmen, and William Cahoon, Abraham Smith and Nehemiah Jenks, listers. The lists were 147 ; neat cattle, 450; horses, 75; and sheep, 420; amounting, in- clusive of the yaluation of improved real estate — as is to be considered in all the lists — to $9118.75; thus giving the progress of events in town for the first decenary after its organization, its gradual increase and means, and the basis of its taxation. At this period, the settlement had got under good headway, and, owing to the uniform goodness of the soil, and the charter pro- vision that settlements should be made on each right, to prevent forfeiture, "as soon as safety would allow after the war," 50 acres being accorded by common consent to such settler; and being thus obtained scot free, the settlements became very general and nearly simultaneous on each right ; roads were opened to every section of the town, encouraging others to follow, which they did rapidly; so that soon the town be- came populous. Like gregarious animals, the early settlers were a little clannish — grouping together in clusters coming from the same locality, state, or territory, so far as circumstances would allow, which phase is not entirely obliterated; but many of the old landmarks are removed by time, and a denser population succeeding, with the amal- gamation of the second and third generations by marriage, it is less noticeable. It may well be believed that the old folks were a merry set of jokers by the nick-names they gave the different localities in town in its early settlement, as Pudding Hill, Squabble Hollow, Mount Hunger, Hard Scrabble, Hog Street, Shanticut, Musquito District, the Whale's Back, Owlsboro', Egypt, and Pleasant Street, from being the residence LYNDON. 345 of some fair ladies ; and most of these names are yet familiarly known, but not confessed to be truthfully descriptive of the present condition of those localities. A good degree of shrewdness characterized the inhabitants, and being frugal and industrious, they made themselves comfortable with what they had and could acquire, and happy in the antici- pation of possessing a competency for ordi- nary gratification, and obtaining an addi- tional store for the evening of life, and if they have not succeeded to their utmost wishes, it should not be attributed to want of calculation and forethought, so much as to unforeseen events. About this time the town canvassed the matter of putting up a building to answer the double purpose of a town hall and meet- ing house, and fixed its location at the Cen- tre, but deferred the enterprise. It was finally erected in 1809, but the expense ex- ceeding the estimate after an expenditure by the town in its corporate character of over $1000, it was left unfinished, and occupied with temporary seats and desks for several years, being finally completed by the sale of pews, to be occupied by the diiferent denomi- nations in proportion to ownership, reserving to the town its use for town meetings. But other appropriate churches, needful for wor- ship having been built, the old house by com- mon consent, was yielded up to the town, and the same has recently been remodeled and renovated exclusively for a town hall. In 1812, by the concurrent votes of the town, and a religious society associated for the purpose, Elder Phinehas Peck, a Method- ist minister who had preached in town some years before, was permanently settled as the first minister of the town, and in considera- tion thereof the selectmen, by vote of the town, conveyed to him a lot of land, being a third of the right reserved for minister's settlement. Mr. Peck continued to ofl[iciate as such until a|30ut 1819, acceptably and with good success ; when his health failing, he ceased from his labors here, and his charge in 1820 was supplied, in the person of the Rev. Daniel Fillmore, a very talented man and able preacher of the Methodist itinerant ministry, and has ever since been cared for in the same manner, the last 2 years by the Rev. Lewis Hill, and the present by the Rev. P. M. Granger. The Methodists built a new chapel in the Corner village in 1840, with a small basement vestry, and in 1855 or 6, the house was renovated, the vestry enlarged to the size of the house, with an ante-room and stair-way from the basement. and the whole new painted and papered. Since that period the Congregational Meeting House, which was built in 1826-7, at the Corner, has been new modeled and thorough- ly fitted up inside and out. In 1848 the Freewill Baptists, built a neat church at the Centre. The Universalists built another of the same dimensions soon after. The last is noticeable for its singular vane — an angel in the act of blowing his trumpet. The academy was built in 1831, and was incorpo- rated that year by the name of " Caledonia County Grammar School at Lyndon," and subsequently endowed by an act of the Gene- ral Assembly of the state with a portion of the Grammar School lands lying in the county of Caledonia reserved by the charters of the towns for the use of county grammar schools within, and throughout the state, and to be under the control of said General As- sembly for ever, "subject to the opinion of the Supreme Court as to the validity of said act against an act establishing a County Grammar School at Peacham," which decis- ion was that said lands were irrevocably granted to the Peacham corporation, and that the corporation of the Lyndon School could take nothing by their grant, which decision, in view of the charter reservations, and the evident intent of the legislature making those reservations, and the spirit of the go- vernment itself to confer equal privileges on all, was never relished as good law by the Lyndonenses, compelling them individually to raise funds which they believed should emanate from another source. Henry Chase, Esq., a graduate of Yale College, and his sister. Miss Ada Chase, a lady highly educated, and a graduate of Mount Holyoke Seminary, are present principals and worthy of good patronage. The churches and aca- demy have each a cupola, and all have good bells, excepting the Universalist. The reli- gious community who keep up public wor- ship are divided into four congregations, two at the Corner, the Methodist and Congre- gationalists, and two at the Centre, the Freewill Baptists and the Universalists. Each is well attended. The Methodists when they held their meetings for worship at the Centre were much the most numerous, and are probably so now, but many of their members were discommoded by the erection of the new chapel at the Corner, one and a half miles further from them, and have since attended other meetings at the Centre, gene- rally the Freewill Baptist, whereby their numbers were considerably increased, the congregation formerly j worshiping at the 346 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. north part of the town gathered by Elder Quimby having also united with it. Its desk has been supplied by very worthy preach- ers, Elders Quimby, Moult on, Woodman, Jackson, Smith, and the present incumbent, the Ilev. M. C. Henderson. The Congrega- tionalists have usually been supplied by able preachers, the Revs. Messrs. Tenny, Scales, Thayer, Greenleaf and Hale, are of the num- ber. And the Universalists by their best, the Rev. Messrs. Taboi-, Scott and others. There are some Calvinistic Baptists in town, and others who would prefer the Episcopal church service, but neither sufficiently nume- rous to maintain the public worship of the order. The writer docs not possess the pre- sent statistical numbers of any of the de- nominations, having expected that they ■would be furnished from another source. In 1802, '03, '04, '05, the Graves, Ma- thewsons, Roots and AVilliams, and other farmers; and the brothers Nathaniel and Samuel B. Goodhue, lawyers; and Doctors Hubbard Field and Olney Fuller; and the Cushings, house joiners, cabinet and chair makers, settled in the town ; and from that period to 1810, Charles F. H. Goodhue, Bela Shaw, Jr., Asa S. and Alanson and George B. Shaw, brothers; and Benjamin F. and R^euben H. Deming, his brother; at a later period all the last engaged in merchan- dise in stores of Chandler, Bigelow & Co. at Lyndon and elsewhere, and of Daniel Cham- berlin & Co. and Chamberlin & Deming. Alpheus Houghton and his brother Elijah, farmers, with their families, and the Emerys and Bundys, also farmers; Major Elias Clark, Jr., saddler ; Samuel Hoyt, 1st, farmer, soon after his brother Dr. Moses Hoyt; Dr. Meigs, Jolin M. Foster, attorney ; Ephraim Chamberlin, Esq., innkeeper, and after- -ivards mill owner ; James Knapp, mill wright ; Josiah Rawson, and afterwards his brother Dr. Simeon Rawson. In 1811, Isaac Fletch- er, an educated man and well read lawyer, came in town, and soon after William and Joseph and their father Ichabod Ide; Daniel Bowker, cabinet maker, now the oldest re- sident at the Corner ; Warren Parker, cloth- ier ; Jonathan and Nehemiah Weeks, tanners and shoemakers ; Richard and Nathan Stone, saddlers; Abel Edgell, Bela Shaw, Senr., and Charles Stone, farmers ; Richard and Charles Stone, brothers, were both after- wards deacons ; and not far from the same time, Josiah C. and Samuel A. Willard, bro- thers, who came into the country at an early day with their mother and grandfather, Daniel Cahoon, Sen., but resided part of the time in Sutton and Burke and elsewhere, became permanently settled in Lyndon. Mr. B. F. Deming went to Danville to fill official positions of which we shall speak elsewhere. Mr. R. H. Deming after quitting trade be- came a Methodist preacher, and removed to Wisconsin, and has officiated as county and city clerk at Kenosha; Mr. Bela Shaw, Jr., removed west, and at Rockford, Illinois, held the office of judge of probate several years. About the year 1816, '17, quite a colony of good citizens came to Lyndon as settlers, from Sandwich, N. H., and its vi- cinity, headed by three brothers. Major .\a- ron and Elders Joseph and Daniel Quimby, with their large families. They were of the Freewill Baptist denomination of Christians, the major devoting himself to farming, and the elders dividing their time between secu- lar and ecclesiastic pursuits, as they ap- peared to have a call in either vocation; never being idle, but always actively and usefully employed. They drew in their train the Gilmans, Prescotts, Rices and Ran- dalls, and others, with their families. Elder Joseph left the town after a few years, yet it can hardly be believed to return to Sand- wich for agricultural purposes, for the com- parison between Lj^ndon and Sandwich, both for ease of culture and the amount of pro- duct, must have been greatly in favor of Lyndon. After his departure. Elder Daniel doubled his diligence, and mostly at his own expense built a meeting house near the cen- tre of that settlement, and not far from his own house in the north part of the town, and succeeded in collecting a large church, which continuing to w'orship there until 1840, when the Methodists having vacated the meeting house at Lyndon Centre, and some of the Freewill denomination residing in that vicinity, it was deemed good church tactics to remove their place of worship to the Centre, which was done, consolidating the different memberships in one communion at that place; by so doing, they had the ac- cession of the Methodists in that locality disaflFected by the building of their new chapel at the Corner. Their congregation being very much enlarged, the effect w'as to raise the standard of their meetings by call- ing into their pulpit their best preachers before named, and occasioned the demand for a better house of worship, which Avas built in 1848. There was no better man than Elder Quimby, but his severe secular labors would not allow him as a preacher to equal his worthy brothers in the ministry, who de- voted themselves exclusively to the gospel. LYNDON. 347 The descendants of the early settlers ar- riving at maturity, nurtured in the school of industry and economy, became important members of the community. Since that period others have come from abroad, Avho, from their business capabilities or profes- sional skill, have filled large spaces in public estimation, of whom are Gen. E. B.^ Chase and Halsey Riley, merchants at an early period. Philip Goss, Esq., and Doctors Phineas Spalding, Freedom Dinsmore, and Abel Underwood, Nicholas Baylies, Thomas Bartlett, Jr., Moses Chase, Henry S. Bartlett, and Samuel B. Mattocks, lawyers by profes- sion, but not all in practice ; and subse- quently Doctors Hoyt, Carpentei^ Sanborn, Darling, Mattocks, Newell, Denison, Blan- chard, Scott and Stevens ; Doctors Gaboon and Houghton of the town helping to fill the ranks — as a class distinguished for high professional attainments — and more recent- ly Jonathan W. Colby and Wm. H. McGaifey, merchants ; L. R. Brown, goldsmith ; J. N. Bartlett, silver plater; G. T. Spencer, mar- ble engraver; Hill, Howe, Baker, Welton & Currier, harness makers and carriage trimmers ; E. Underwood, merchant tailor ; and the Millers, carriage makers ; there are two establishments, one. Miller & Trull, very extensive ; the other, C. C. Miller & Co. — both do excellent work, in good times em- ploying about 30 men. The Weeks, Quim- bys, and W. H. McGaffey, merchants, and the Cahoons, lawyers and physicians, were descendants of the early settlers ; and in all parts of the town there are those equally meritorious in their places, as Messrs. Bige- low. Baker, Pearl, Folsom, Thompson, In- galls, Cunningham, Chaffee, Knapp, Fletch- er, Sanborn, Spalding and Wakefield, but where all are equal it is impossible to dis- criminate, and we have no space to enroll all. The mass of the population are thrifty, well-to-do farmers, with a proper sprinkling of mechanics and professional men to incul- cate good principles, keep good order and assuage and alleviate pain and sickness. Of the selectmen, listers and other town officers, since the time specifically given, our limits will not allow the detail ; all were com- petent to perform those duties, but the ex- perienced could do so with greater ease, hence the old gentlemen, Daniel Gaboon, William Winsor and Abraham Smith were held in the service a few years longer ; and then Judge Fisk, Gen. William Gaboon and Abel Carpen- ter, Esq., succeeded them in those offices very many years, some of them till 1827. Alplieus Houghton, Job Randall, Elias Re- miss, Samuel A. Willard, Samuel W. Win- sor, William Way, Benjamin F. Deming, Josiah C. Willard, Bela Shaw, Jr., Halsey Riley and Jerry Dickerman participating as selectmen, or listers, and the last five princi- pally in the latter office, for a period of some 20 years. Since then there has been more change, either on the principle of rotation in office, or taking turns in doing the drudgery of it. New comers and younger men, as the Bemisses, Bigelow, Baker, Chase, Cham- berlain, Cunningham, Chaffees, Evanses, Fletchers, Folsom, Goss, Graves, the Hough- tons, Hoyts, Ingalls, Ide, McKoy, McGaff'eys, Parks, Pearl, Pierce, Pike, Prescott, Powers, C. Randall, Ray, Sanborns, Spauldings, Thompsons and Weeks, with some others, alternately being the ins and outs of said offices most of the time since — all, from first to last, tinctured with the infallibility of town rights and town prerogatives as against an in- dividual. And the longer retained in office, the more tenacious, apparently on the prin- ciple of regal government that "the king can do no wrong," the officer acting in the representative character, embodying himself in the corporation, arrogates for it all he could desire it to have. We suspect that these sentiments are not confined to town cor- porations, but pervade much larger com- munities, though justice requires the admis- sion that this arises, probably, from an over anxiety to faithfully perform their official duties, making individual rights subservient to the public good. We are apt to flatter ourselves that we possess greater merits and virtue than our neighbors, and may consider ourselves exemplary and praiseworthy in many particulars, for good qualities and good acts incident to all, yet in two things, if the Lyndonenses do not excel, they at least are commendable for their well doing, the one is for their care for the poor, the other their liberal expenditures, both publicly and individually, for the support of education, fostering public and private schools. For many years furnishing a throng of students to academies abroad, they have since, by private munificence, erected an academy at home, supplied it with a good apparatus, and then without funds, sustained it. Before this several had fitted for and completed their college course. Several have since fitted here and elsewhere, and received degrees at col- lege, at a much less expense in preparing than formerly, and it is a noticeable fact that many more young men in this town than in any other town in the county or this section of the state, with perhaps the ex- 348 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ception of Pcacham, have obtained liberal educations, and many others, not graduates, •with finished academic and professional educations, have gone forth to do honor to themselves and their country in their appro- priate spheres. The late Rev. Wilbur Fisk, D D., the eloquent divine, and learned president of Wesleyan University at Middletown, Conn., a model of Christian excellence and purity, stands at the head of the list of Lyndon graduates in 1815 of Brown University. He was son of the Hon. Isaiah Fisk of this town, was born August 31, 1792, at Brattleboro, fitted for college at Peacham, and first en- tered college at Burlington ; but that institu- tion being suspended by the war, he trans- ferred his relationship to that at Providence, R. I., where he graduated with distinguished honor. He entered the law office of the late Hon. Isaac Fletcher, and grasped the ele- mentary principles with avidity, but the practice did not harmonize with his views of Christian duty and inclination, and after a year or two, a portion of which was spent in Maryland as tutor in a gentleman's family, he yielded to his sense of duty and became an itinerant Methodist minister in 1818. This as some would think it, was not placing his light under a bushel, but where his talents like a luminous body became resplendent and shone all around. As is usual in the con- ference, as the representative body of the denomination is called, he was stationed here and there, where his experience and talents would seem to indicate, and to some places where his innate modesty and infirm health would make him, in anticipation, quail, but where the reality fully justified the appoint- ment ; he never failed to be most accepta- bly received wherever he went, and there were probably but few, if any, his superiors in his order. He Avas soon appointed prin- cipal of the institution at Wilbraham, at Avhich place he labored hard and successfully, and was .appointed a bishop, which he de- clined, and afterwards first president of the AVesleyan University which he accepted, hav- ing presided over the institution at Wilbra- ham 5 years, being elected to the last oflice in 1830, 15 years and 4 months after gradu- ating ; over this new institution, in its com- mencement laboring under many difficulties, and the greatest the want of funds, he pre- sided with distinguished ability the remainder of his life, about 9 years, dying the 22d of February, 1839. During the term of his presidency, for the double purpose of solicit- ing aid for the university, and promoting his health and also enriching his mind, he visited Europe, or to use the phrase of his biographer, Prof. Holdich, "at the meeting of the joint board of the Wesleyan University it was re- solved to give the president a commission to Europe for the two-fold purpose of benefiting his health and advancing the interests of the institution, particularly having in view, for the university, additioMs to its philosophical apparatus and library. On the 4th Septem- ber, 1835, Rev. Dr. Wayland, president of Brown's University, officially communicated to the Rev. Mr. Fisk that the board of fellows of Brown's University had conferred on him unanimously the degree of doctor of divinity. This was very acceptable from his alma mater on the eve of his departure for the tour of the east, which occurred on the 8th day of September, 1835. His wife and a Mr. Lane, afterwards professor in the university, ac- companied him ; they were absent over a year, making an interesting and profitable tour to the most important cities and places of Europe, including England, France, Italy, Ireland and Scotland, and returning in No- vember, 1836, invigorated with health and well laden Avith very valuable donations as desired for the university. All were well satisfied with the result of his mission. During his absence, the maxim, Out of sight, out of mind, was not true in regard to him, for the general conference elected him to the office of a bishop, his former election to that office being in 1829, by the Canada confer- ence. He declined this also, considering his duties to the university paramount, prefer- ring duty to honor, and also disregarding great offers of wealth if he would accept that office, and continued to do his whole duty to the university as long as health would admit, and it continued to increase in popularity and numbers under his administration. His incidents of travel in Europe, published by request, is an interesting work ; he published other works of interest, some were election sermons, and upon other occasions, and some dissertations on matters of ecclesiastical polity, all well worthy of perusal. In placing the name of Fisk at the head of the list of Lyndon graduates, I have made a biographical digression unintended in this place, yet per- haps more appropriate with his friends than if placed elsewhere alone as intended in some niche of our sketch, as we should deem it imperfect -without him ; for we think or speak of him but to admire and venerate. His last sickness was of pulmonary complaints, which troubled him through life, and it is said were LYNDON. 349 m the last stages extremely painful, yet borne with great fortitude and meekness. He died as the good man dieth, aged 47^ years nearly. George B. Shaw, Esq., Was the next on the list graduated at the University of Vermont in 1819, aged about 19 years, and was immediately appointed tutor in the university. He subsequently studied law in the offices of Messrs. Gris- wold and Follett of Burlington, and of Hon. I. Fletcher of Lyndon ; was admitted to the bar in 1822, opened an office at Danville, and received a generous patronage of the business done there, which was not great, acquitting himself, handsomely in its per- formance. By the influence of his father- in-law, Hon. Wm. A. Griswold, who formerly resided in Danville, he was induced to move to Burlington in 1823, where he remained some two years, and then returned to Dan- ville; afterwards, when Lowell, Mass., broke like a meteor on the horizon, he removed there, and, after remaining a year or two, removed to Ottawa, Canada, and remained several years, and then returned to Burling- ton, which he made his permanent residence for life. When young, Mr. Shaw was re- markably precocious, possessing maturity far beyond his years ; and in early manhood was characterized by the same trait, coming for- ward as the learned scholar and accomplished gentleman much earlier than his youthful as- sociates. He was an elegant penman, a good accountant and a ready debater ; of uncom- mon suavity of manners, he could render himself, with ease, the centre of any social circle in which he mingled. The young and the old alike regarded him as a shining orna- ment of society. After his return to Bur- lington he became absorbed in other matters than his professional pursuits, in part rela- tive to the estate of Mr. Bigelow, father of his second wife (the first having died young, when at Danville). And at this time, while residing at Burlington, he was elected by the general assembly, several years in succes- sion, reporter of the decisions of the Supreme Court ; and afterwards his partner, William Weston, Esq., received the same appointment several years. Previously to this, during the administration of Governor Crafts, Mr. Shaw held the office of secretary to the governor and council, combining the present offices of secretary of the senate and secretary of civil and military affairs ; both offices of secre- tary and reporter were very efficiently and acceptably filled by him. His son, Wm. G. Shaw, Esq., has since, under Gov. Fletcher, held the office of secretary of civil and mili- tary afi"airs, and has for a number of years been supreme court reporter, and now holds the office. The father died in 1853, of epilepsy. George C. Cahoon Graduated at the University of Vermont in 1820, and his name is under the head of the practicing lawyers in town. Rev. John Q. A. Edgell Graduated at the same institution, and was settled in Massachusetts as a Congregational clergyman, possessing good talents and a genial disposition, and presumed to be an ornament of his profession, and is supposed to be still living. Rev. James L. Kimball, Of the same order, graduated at Dartmouth College about the year 1823 or '24, and having studied divinity, Avas ordained, and enjoyed bright prospects of eminence and future usefulness, when the destroying angel entered the abode of his father, Jude Kim- ball, Esq., with the flattering but insidious disease of consumption, and first took a beautiful and accomplished sister, Mary, in 1826, and in quick succession, an elder brother, Benjamin, and himself. And the flowers of youth were faded, and the early hopes of parents and friends blighted. Edwakd a. Cahoon Also graduated at the University of Vermont in 1838, and is in the list of Lyndon lawyers. Feederick H. Stone Graduated at Hanover, and is settled in Iowa. William W. Cahoon Graduated at Dartmouth in 1845, and at the Medical College at Woodstock in 1848, and subsequently at a medical college in New York, where he was afterwards connected with the institution, under Doctor Mott, as assistant physician, where he made good progress in science and made himself useful about a year, when he contracted a pesti- lential disease and died. None had better abilities and higher aspirations for excel- lence and professional usefulness than he had. Having studied with able and skillful physicians and surgeons, attended the best lectures in the state, and received his diplo- ma, in pursuit of still higher attainments, he sought the fountain heads of the profession in New York, resolved to never unskillfully tamper with human life in the practice of 350 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. his profession, if adequate knowledge could be attained, and in his laudable endeavors to make himself more useful by garnering from the purlieus of the hospital, he became a martyr to the cause of humanity. The fol- lowing tribute erected in New York city to "him and thirteen others, speaks for itself: IIsRC niea ornamenta sunt (These are my jewels). "Gorham Reals, William W. Ga- boon" and 12 others, strangers here, "stu- dents of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, died of pestilential disease while serving in the Public Hospitals of New York. This Tablet is erected by the Faculty that the memory of these Martyrs of Humanity may not die, and that taught by their exam- ple, the graduates of the College may never hesitate to hazard life in the performance of professional duty." The editor of the newspaper from which the above is taken, adds: "Many of our readers will remember one whose name is given above — W. W. Gaboon of Lyndon — a young man of much promise, whose sun went out ere it had reached the meridian." He was the son of the late Hon. William Ga- boon, and died August 31st, 1848, aged 23 years and 6 months. He was a favorite of the family, and wherever known was ap- preciated. Charles B. Fletcher Was a graduate at the Catholic College, Mon- treal, G. E., of him we have spoken else- where, he makes the fifth of the honored dead of the Lyndon graduates. Hon. Charles W. Willard, A lawyer and editor at Montpelier, is a graduate at Dartmouth, belonging to Lyn- don. Henry Chase, by profession a lawyer in Illinois, at present principal of the Aca- demy at Lyndon, is a graduate of Yale Col- lege ; Geo. W. Cahoon, attorney at Lyndon, and Charles M. Chase, attorney and editor in Illinois, were classmates, graduating at Dart- mouth ; Henry S. Bartlett, now a lawyer of R. I., was a graduate of the same institution ; Messrs. George E. Ghamberlin and Henry Newell, should rightfully be classed as Lyn- don students, who have recently graduated at Dartmouth (but it would be characteristic of St. Johnsbury to claim them); Mr. George W. QuiMBY of Lyndon, is also another recent graduate at Dartmouth, and two others hold a student's relation to the same, Wm. Henry Peck and Dennis Duhigg. The other gradu- ates living in town, are Moses Chase, Esq., the Rev. William Scales, Hon. Samuel B. Mattocks, the last two of Middlebury ; Dr. Enoch Blanchard, Messrs. Chase and Blanchard of Dartmouth ; Messrs. Isaac Fletcher and Nicholas Baylies, deceased, also being graduates — and much is due to Mr. Fletcher for his influence in behalf of a liberal education. Others of the class are probably inadvertently overlooked. Under the head of educatipn we may ap- propriately include professional teaching, in law, medicine and divinity, for Lyndon at diflFerent periods, and almost constantly, has possessed among her citizens able tutors in all these sciences ; and it is within the recol- lection of the writer that nearly an hundred young men belonging to the town, or coming from abroad for the purpose, have received their professional education here, and more ' particularly in the professions of law and medicine ; many have in this and in neigh- boring states, become ornaments in their professions and valued members of society. Their numbers being proportioned about 20 theologians to 80 medical and 50 law stu- dents. Of residents in town, of gentlemen in these professions, there have been nearly 50 cler- gymen settled acording to their order : 30 Methodists, one settled by the town and preaching 8 or 10 years, the others stationed annually by Conference, and most of them continued 2 years each, of whom are dead, Messrs. P. Peck, Fillmore, Fisk, Cahoon, Dow, Perkins and Mann ; 8 or 10 Freewill Baptists, one, elder Quimby, dead ;* and nearly the same number of Congregation- alists, though not more than 6 technically settled permanently ; some others preaching for a limited time on probation or otherwise, one, Mr. Kimball, dead,* particularly spoken of elsewhere, and some 4 or 5 Universalists. We have elsewhere alluded to the merits of this worthy class of our citizens. There have resided in town over 20 diflfer- ent physicians, most of whom we have named ; some were eminently skilled and all of good repute for science as well as morals. Some of the most scientific and skilled still live, of whom it is not my purpose to make remarks in any department other than general, yet it may not be deemed invidious to name as such, Drs. Spaulding and Newell, who are neither now residents here, and Dr. Fuller, deceased, one of the earliest, was a very learned and skillful man, having visited * Only two died in this town. LYNDON. 351 France to perfect his education ; Dr. Field, also deceased, was noted for his prudent care and good nursing. Since its settlement about 25 practising lawyers and some 4 or 5 out of practice, have lived in town, "the kee;pers and doers of the law." All have had a share of patronage. It is lucky that they were not all here together, for it would have been dry pickings, and some might have obtained a bad name; but spreading them over a space of nearly 60 years, they all have had opportunities to make themselves useful. Some look upon the lawyer as a sort of har- binger of evil, but this is illiberal, his duty is to suppress evil ; and if governed by prin- ciple, he will endeavor to do it. The virtu- ous should not complain of him ; but the rogue when caught undoubtedly would, for "No rogue e'er felt the halter drawn, With good opinion of the law." As a class, the lawyers of Lyndon have compared favorably with those elsewhere, and their general deportment has been cour- teous, manly and honorable ; but we do "not intend to speak of the merits of the living, but to the dead would give a passing tri- bute. Nathaniel Goodhue, The first of whom we have knowledge, coming here in 1804 or '05, was a courtly gentleman, and as a town lawyer, very ac- ceptable and efficient. As he left no record of his legal learning, we can not speak of it with certainty, not then being a correct judge of such matters ; but coming from Windham county, the old school for good lawyers, we infer that it was respectable. He returned there after a few years, and his brother, Samuel B. Goodhue, Took his place, but was very unlike him in appearance, and eccentric and erratic in his movements, a crusty old bachelor, who was reported to have been soured and shattered by an unfortunate amour in his youth. Like other eccentric bodies, he had his bright scintillations, but not very endui-ing. He appeared to be a harmless, upright and con- scientious man, remaining here till 1811 ; when last heard from he was in a lunatic asylum. John M. Foster Came next. He had been in practice else- where, and being naturally bright and kinky, he was a troublesome opponent for our bachelor friend, and particularly so, when he was a little warmed up by the spirit of the bar. Mr. Foster joined the army in 1812, and left town, probably in turn having been a little worried by Ihe next coming lawyer. We have said that "in 1811 Isaac Fletcher, An educated man and a well read lawyer came to town ;" he was a native of Massa- chusetts, and a graduate of Dartmouth Col- lege. After receiving his diploma, he taught in the Academy at Chesterfield, N. H., and there formed an acquaintance with Miss Abigail Stone, his future wife, and read law with Mr. Vose of New Hampshire, and Judge White of Putney, Vt. He possessed an ardent temperament, with an ambition to equal, if not excell his competitors; prompt, energetic and unremitting in his efi'orts for his clients, he soon attained a good reputa- tion and an extensive and lucrative practice, competing successfully with the most noted of the bar in the state, giants of their time. In doing this, he overwrought both his bodily and mental powers, participating in the trial of almost every cause in the su- preme and county courts in Caledonia, Or- leans and Essex counties, and being 8 years in succession state's attorney of Caledonia county, from early morn to a late evening hour, while attending court, being thronged with clients, or pressed with business ; and when it was the period of repose for others, it came his time for genial social intercourse, which he greatly relished, endowed with kindly feelings, and greatly needing relaxa- tion from his severe labors. In addition to his ordinary labors was the care at different periods of some 30 students, some of these however lightening his burdens by assist- ance in writing and ordinary office business. He also entered the political arena, first in the house of representatives of the general assembly of the state, to which he was elect- ed four times, and at the last session he was chosen speaker of that body. He was twice elected member of congress, but his health failing him from over exertion and mental and bodily prostration, he could not distin- guish himself as he did in his profession, nor as his native talents and learning would entitle himself and friends to anticipate; yet when others would have been negligent, he was constant and faithful in his duty to the end of his term. His motto seemed to be, to do with all his might whatever he had to do. He acquired his military title by being appointed adjutant general in the staff of Governor Van Ness. He died in October, 1842, the year after the close of his con- 352 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. gressional term, literally worn out, aged 58. Less ambition and less labor would probably have saved him many years to his family, his friends, and the world. His only son Charles B. Fletcher, A young man of brilliant intellect, who was necessarily with his father most of his con- gressional course, and became well posted in matters of state, succeeded to his father's business in the office with Mr. Bartlett, his late partner, and remained at Lyndon a year or two, afterwards removed to Nashua, N. H., and then to Boston, Mass., to practice law with his father-in-law, Mr. Farley, a distin- guished lawyer there ; but he returned to Lyndon in 1852, with consumption, and died soon after, aged 34. ' Hon. Nicholas Baylies Came to Lyndon to reside in 1835. He was a graduate of Dartmouth College, and after- wards a student and partner of the Hon. Charles Marsh of Woodstock, and afterwards of Senator Upham of Montpelier. He was a native of Massachusetts. While residing at Woodstock, he married Mary, daughter of Professor Ripley of Hanover, and sister of Gen. Eleazer W. and James W. Ripley, of the army of 1812, and since of congress. He moved to Montpelier in 1810, and had Judge Prentiss and other able men to compete with; yet, by industry, besides laboriously attending to his office and large court busi- ness, he composed several volumes of Indexes of Common and American Law, arranged under appropriate heads, affording ready re- ferences for practical use, and very valuable to the profession, three good sized volumes of, which were published, entitled Baylies' Digested Index. Other volumes, written afterwards as an addenda, have not been published. He also published a treatise on the powers of the mind, considered valuable. He was an able practitioner of his profession till 1833, when he was elected judge of the Supreme Court, and reelected in 1834, dis- charging the duties of the office with distin- guished ability. His wife having deceased, on retiring from the bench he ever after made it his home with his only daughter, Mary R., Mrs. George C. Cahoon; and, although ad- vanced in life, yet, possessing good health and a vigorous constitution, he entered into the practice of law again with the ardor of youth, especially of chancery, in which he delighted, and at his death, in 1847, aged 79 years, was esteemed one of the most learned lawyers of the state. His mind was not so much characterized for brilliancy as for patient and indomitable perseverance in investigation and in arriving at correct con- clusions. His family consisted of three chil- dren, the oldest a son, Horatio N., who was a merchant, and died in Louisiana in 185- ; and his youngest a son, Nicholas, Jr., a law- yer, who resides in Des Moines, Iowa. The daughter, Mdry Ripley, Mrs. George C. Cahoon, died at Lyndon, July 18, 1858. There are two considerable villages in the town, Lyndon Corner and Lyndon Centre, and some other places which aspire to the name, not very numerously settled, as the Red Village and East Lyndon. Lyndon Corner is a centre for several other towns to do much of their mercantile and mechanical business, and is noted for being a brisk business place. The villagers having in their number those who professionally deal in almost all the necessaries and comforts of life, they transact business of nearly every kind found in the country, and there are enough of each trade and profession, so that a person can have a fair opportunity to select with whom to deal, and the subject matter to deal about. It contains 2 church edifices, an academy, and 2 school-houses ; a public house, livery stable, and two buildings with large halls for public occasions ; 2 retail stores, in one of which Lyndon post office is kept; 1 merchant tailor's clothing store, 1 other tailor's shop, 1 extensive tin and sheet- iron factory and stove and variety store; 1 flour and grocery store, 1 medical store, 4 shoe stores and shops, 2 harness shops and 2 carriage trimmers, 2 jewellers, 1 daguer- rean gallery, 1 silver plater ; 2 extensive carriage factories, one operated by steam, the other by water, both making excellent carriages ; marble works, cabinet makers, house-joiners ; 4 blacksmith shops, 2 plan- ing-mills, sawmills, grain mill, oil mill, plough shop, blind-maker, sash and door makers, coopers, painters, mason, butcher, cattle dealers; also 2 clergymen, 4 physi.- cians and 4 lawyers. The private dwelling- houses are about 120, with 150 families and from 700 to 1000 inhabitants. This village lies in the southerly part of the town, and derives its name from the junction and course of the roads. Lyndon Centre, deriving its name from its locality, is about two miles north from the Corner, situate in which are 2 church edifices, the town hall and school-house, and a public house. It has 2 clergymen, 1 physician, 2 merchants, 2 shoe shops, 2 blacksmiths, se- LYNDON. 353 veral house-joiners, 1 rail road contractor, 1 starch factory, 1 sawmill, 1 tannery, 1 har- ness shop, and about one-third of the number of houses at the Corner, and families and people in proportion ; also a post office. The cemetery is also in this village, and, although it may not possess great interest to strangers, yet their own is a very interesting feature to the people of every town and locality. It is situated in rear of the town hall, as now called, being for many years the only meet- ing-house in town, and the ground in the cemetery first used for burial, is part of that donated to the town by Mr. Job Sheldon. It was first used in 1803, by the burial of Lucy, daughter of Capt. Joel Fletcher, and none other in town has been used since, unless a few in the Elder Quimby neighborhood, long ago. It contains a large congregation of our loved and honored dead. The old part was indiscriminately used without reference to , order, but on adding the new part at the west, it was allotted out as well as it could be, and laid out in good taste. Another addition, on the whole length of the north side, was made a year or two ago. Since this purchase, the whole grounds have been encircled with a nice new painted fence, and ornamented by terraces and flower beds ; costly family monuments and a very large number of beautiful head-stones are erected to our friends, and high above them all, on elevated ground at the west end of the centre avenue, stands a tall Italian obelisk upon marble pedestals and granite base of appro- priate dimensions, inscribed to the memory of about twenty Revolutionary officers and soldiers who have died in town. This was erected under the superintendence of a town committee, with funds raised by private and voluntary donation ; an appropriate tribute from the right source — a spontaneous out- pouring of the treasures of the heart to the champions of freedom. There is an expensive tomb near the centre of the ground, with hewn granite front and iron doors, erected by Elder Daniel Quimby for private family use, which has occasionally been used as a receiving tomb. The family monument of Abel Carpenter, Esq., one of the Revolution- ary officers, whose name is familiar, was the first erected here. Its base was granite, and its column white Vermont marble, good for its time, but less than those of recent struc- ture. The next erected, was to the family of Jude Kimball, Esq. This, for the purposes intended and the number of its inscriptions, is probably better proportioned and more symmetrical than any other in the cemetery. It is placed in the centre of the group of graves of father, mother, her mother, two sons, two daughters, and two grandsons. A beautiful bed is made over the graves, and the shaft of the monument rests on appropriate bases of marble and granite. The surviving son who caused its erection, Lucius Kimball, Esq., of Brooklyn, N. Y., must have cultivat- ed his taste in Greenwood Cemetery. The monument of Dr. Charles B. Darling, of rich Italian marble, octagonal, fluted and other- wise ornamented, and of elegant proportions, is the most beautiful in the cemetery. Its truthful tribute is " He was a good man." A few weeks since his beautiful wife was laid by his side, to claim another tablet to departed worth. The family monuments of Hon. Isaac Fletcher, Capt. Joel Fletcher and Josiah C. Willard, Esq., are as large and ex- pensive, and some of them more so, than Mr. Kimball's, and of similar materials, but vary in form and finish, to suit the taste of the purchaser. The Trull, Bemiss, Curtis and Bowker, are also good ones, but not so large nor of the same order. In proportion to the whole, the monuments are but few, but there are an unusual number of beautiful head stones, and many of them of the richest Ita- lian marble of good size and proportions, very thick and highly polished on all sides, and set in appropriate granite bases. In other parts of the town there are some 8 blacksmith shops, also other mechanics, such as are needful and will make themselves useful in every community, such as house joiners, chair makers, sash and blind makers, mill Wright, 7 or 8 saw mills, carding ma- chine, starch factories, &c., &c., and at the rail road station a large wholesale store, be- sides the capacious depot and storage store. More with propriety might be said of the convenience and benefit of the rail road to the town. Freight for the Lyndon stations is usually deposited in the depot, but might be taken off at the Folsom crossing, three miles north, where there is a side track con- venient to East Burke, where many cars are loaded from the north part of the town and Burke, and from Wheelock and Sheffield ; but all those towns usually take their freight to and from the depot, situated about -| of a mile southeast from the Corner. Large numbers of cattle, sheep and horses are sent from here, also large quantities of butter, potatoes and starch, and of whatever is marketable ; and a great number of carri- ages and harnesses made in town for the sunny south and California, in better days, to order. 354 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. There is not great ornamental beauty in the location or structure of the buildings of the main village, the site being uneven and lacking compass and space for building and pleasure grounds ; but it is adapted to its use of being a busy central business place not only of the town, but of a large sur- rounding country. Its surroundings are high, but verdant hills of pasture ground and cultivated fields, and if the mind is weary of confinement in the seeming fast- nesses, the body has but to climb to the summit, and there will be ample space in which to breathe free and easier, and for thought to soar. The census shows the population to have been in 1791, 59; in 1800, 542; in 1810, 1092; in 1820, 1296; in 1830, 1750; in 1840, 1753; in 1850, 1754; and 1860, number not known by the writer, but understood to have diminished a trifle. For several years the town has not increased much in population, and probably for the last decenary not quite held its own.* This arises from a variety of causes, one of which is that the inhabitants are mostly engaged in agriculture, and that there is but little unsettled land in the home market, and that held at so high a price as to be eclipsed by the large amount of lands at the west at government prices. Another is the golden bait for the greedy at California, Pike's Peak and Australia, both these causes have greatly tended to deplete this and other towns in the vicinity of their richest trea- sures, their enterprising young men and ■women, to people the wilderness or delve in the mines. And many young men and wo- men have gone abroad to find broader fields in which to disseminate learning, mete out justice, administer the potent pill, or declare peace on earth and good will to man. It is no wonder then, that our numbers should de- crease under such a process : yet we have a healthful and intelligent population left, with as fair prospects of prosperity and happiness as usually falls to the lot of man. STATE, COUNTY AND TOWN OFFICERS, besidents of lyndon. Town Clerks. 1791, '2, '3, Daniel Gaboon, Jr.f 1793-1808, Daniel Cahoon, Sr.f 1808-1829, William Cahoon.f 1829-1843, Elias Remiss, Jr.f 1843-1845, Andrew J. Willard. 1845-1855, John M. Hoyt. 1855, John McGaflfey. * See Chapter County Census Table, page 270. 1856, Edward A. Cahoon. 1857, William H. McGaifey. 1858-1861, Isaac W. Sanborn, incumbent. State Councillors. 1814, Nicholas Bayliesf (then of Montpelier). 1815-'20, William Cahoon.f 1820-22, Wm. Cahoon,f Lieut. Gov. and ex- ofiicio Councillor. 1826-32, Benj. F. Deming.f 1833-34, George C. Cahoon. Office abolished in 1836, and Senate created. State Senators. 1836, Joseph H. Ingalls.f 1840, Elias Remiss, Jr.f 1841, '2, Thomas Bartlett, Jr. 1843, '4, George C. Cahoon. 1845, '6, Welcome Remiss. 1847, '8, Sam'l R. Mattock, now of L. 1849, '51, Eph. Chamberlin. 1856, '7, Edward A. Cahoon. I Council of Censors. 1806, Isaiah Fisk.f 1813, Nicholas Raylies.f Representatives. 1792, Dan. Cahoon,f .... 1793, Josiah Arnold, .... 1794-1802, inclusive, Daniel Cahoon, Sr.,f 1802, '5, '8, '9, '10, '11, '12, '25, '26, Wil- liam Cahoon,f . . 1803, '4, '13, '14, '15, '16, '17, '18, '21, '23, Isaiah Fisk,f .... 1806, '7, Abraham Smith,f 1819, '20, '22, '24, Isaac Fletcher,f 1827-33, Job Randall, . 1834, '52, '53, E. R. Chase, 1835, George C. Cahoon, 1836, '7, Elias Remiss, Jr.,f 1838, '9, Renjamin Walfe;er,f . 1840, '41, '48, '49, Stephen McGaffey, 1842, '3, Renaiah Sanborn, 1844, '5, Asaph Willmarth,f 1846, '7, Lucius Kimball, 1850, '54, '55, Thomas Rartlett, Jr., 1851, John D. Miller, 1856, Daniel L. Ray, . 1857, '8, William H. McGaffey, 1859, '60, Sumner S. Thompson, 1861, George Ide, incumbent. Tears. . 1 10 2 4 7 3 1 2 2 4 2 2 2 3 1 1 2 2 Delegates to Constitutional Convention. 1793, Josiah Arnold.f 1814, '28, William Cahoon.f 1822, Isaac Fletcher.f 1836, '43, George C. Cahoon. 1850, '57, Thomas Rartlett, Jr. t Deceased. LYNDON. 355 Judge of Supreme Court. 1833, '4, Nicholas Baylies.* Judge Baylies formerly resided at Montpelier but in Lyndon the last 12 years of his life. Judges of the County Court. 1807 (1st), Isaiah Fisk.* Years. 1822 (last), in all 14 years, being chief justice, . . . . . .8 1811-19, William Cahoon,* ... 8 1824, '5, Samuel A Willard, ... 2 1839, '42 '3, Ephs. B. Chase, . . 3 State Attorneys. 1820-29, Isaac Fletcher,* ... 8 1835, '6, '7, '47, George C. Cahoon, . 4 1839, '41, '2, Thomas Bartlett, Jr., . . 3 1851, '2, 3, Henry S. Bartlett, . . 3 1854, '5, Edward A. Cahoon, ... 2 1860, '1, George W. Cahoon, incumbent, 2 Sheriffs. 1815, '16, Jude Kimball,* . 1828, '9, '30, '31, Silas Houghton,* . 1832, '3, '4, '5, Charles Roberts, . 1851, '2 '3, George Ide, 1854, '5, Horace Evans at St. Johnsbury, 1856, '7, Orenso P. Wakefield, . . ' . Mr. Evans's family were early settlers of Lyndon, where he lived many years and officiated as deputy there a long pe- riod, previously to his election as sheriff. Judges of Probate. 1821-32, Benjamin F. Dcming,* 1836 (1st), '47 (last), Samuel B. Mat- tocks, . . . . , . Registers. 1821, '2, George B. Shaw,* . 1823, '3, '5, George C. Cahoon, . 1826 (1st), '38 (last), Samuel B. Mattocks, 12 County Clerks. 1817-32, Benj. F*. Deming, . . " .16 Mr. D. was a merchant at Lyndon, and relinquished it to very faithfully perform his official oppointments. 1837 (1st), '48 (last), Samuel B. Mattocks, 12 Mr. Mattocks formerly resided at Dan- ville, and represented that town 3 years, and was cashier of the Bank of Caledonia 8, and has been cashier of the Bank of Lyn- don 5 years, and now holds it. Members of Congress. 1829-33, William Cahoon,* ... 4 1833, '4, Benjamin F. Deming,* . . 2 1837-41, Isaac Fletcher,* ... 4 1851-53, Thomas Bartlett, Jr., . . 2 * Deceased. Presidential Electors. Of President Madison, William Cahoon ;* of President Lincoln, Edward A. Cahoon. Both were messengers to Washington. Practicing Attorneys, Thomas Bartlett. Edward A. Cahoon. George C. Cahoon, George W. Cahoon, partners. Physicians, Charles S. Cahoon. Horace Stevens. Daniel Trull. Edward Mattocks, Allopathy. Chester W. Scott, Homoeopathy, Lyndon Centre. Enoch Blanchard, Allopathy. Post Masters. Lyndon. John M. Weeks, 1861, Aug., Wm. H. McGaffey. Lyndon Centre. Elisha Sanborn. In the 71 freemen's meetings, holden since the organization of the town, it is a remark- able fact that there has always been an elec- tion of a representative, and never but one failure of his attending the legislature, and that of General Cahoon in 1810 by reason of sickness. Farmers have represented 48 years, lawyers 9, merchants 9, physician 2, carriage-maker 1, and rail road contractor, 2 ; the representatives of 40 years are known to be dead, the others except one, are known to be living. CALEDONIA COUNTY FARMERS' CLUB. BY THE SECRETARY. A convention was called at the Town Hall in Lyndon, the 5th day of September, 1860, to organize an agricultural society to accom- modate more particularly the citizens of Northern Caledonia. A large number were in attendance, the convention enthusiastic and harmonious. After a temporary organ- ization by choosing Hon. E. A. Cahoon, president, and I. W. Sanborn, secretary, and spirited remarks from gentlemen of the seve- ral towns represented, a county farmers' club was permanently organized, with the following officers: Elisha Sanborn, presid- ent ; Sullivan Ranney, vice president ; I. W. Sanborn, secretary ; Charles Folsom, treasurer. _The first exhibition was held at Lyndon 356 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Centre on Thursday, the 20th of the same month, with very satisfactory results. Nearly a thousand head of cattle wei-e ex- hibited, including 792 oxen ! The other de- partments were well represented, especially the ladies, or Floral Hall. At the second annual meeting, held Jan. 30, 1861, the same oflBcers were reelected with an additional vice-president and secretary. The second exhibition was held on the same ground, Oct. 2, 1861. The fair was very successful. The society is founded upon a basis in many respects dissimilar to any other in the state. Diplomas are awarded instead of cash premiums, thus rendering the expenses of the society comparatively small, the neces- sary funds being raised by membership sub- scriptions. The results thus far have proved very satisfactory. THE FARMER'S GIRL. A GEEEN MOUNTAIN SONG. BY ISAAC W. SANBOKN. For the farmer's girl, hurrah, hurrah ! Hurrah for the farmer's girl ! Light is her step o'er the grassy lawn, As that of the playful, agile fawn, — Hurrah for the farmer's girl ! For the farmer's girl, hurrah, hurrah ! Hurrah for the farmer's girl ! Her cheeks are tinged with a roselike hue. Her lips are red and her eyes are blue, — For the farmer's girl, hurrah ! For the farmer's girl, hurrah, hurrah ! Hurrah for the farmer's girl ! She's hale and hearty, noble and true, Ever ready for the work she has to do, — Hurrah for the farmer's girl ! For the farmer's girl, hurrah, hurrah ! Hurrah for the farmer's girl ! She's truthful, trusting, generous, kind, Happy and gleeful — just to your mind, — For the farmer's girl, hurrah ! Kxlracts from " Lelia Lyndon " (Miss Susannah S. Burt). SOMETHING NEW. In reply to an article in The Aurora of Nov. 24, 1860. We have found the priceless dower, We've obtained the fitting gem. And it sparkles bright this hour. In our nation's diadem Would you know the thing selected, As the "something new " we scan? 'Tis that "Honest Abe" 's elected Champion in the truth's bright van. 'Tis that error now shall crumble 'Neath the power of justice's might. Truth shall cruel tyrants humble, Bringing "hidden things" to light. Now the fettering curse of thralldom Shall extend not with its sin. Since our Ruler we've installed him, Lincoln's rails will fence it in ! WEARY NOT. Weary not tho' each endeavor Brings not now success to thee, Work in faith — remember never Acts of goodness lost will be. Sit not down with heart despairing. Weary not within the strife, There's a goal that's worth the sharing, Brighter than this tear-dimmed life. BY J. P. SMITH. The history of this town contains little to interest that class of readers whose homes are among the thriving towns and villages of our state, surrounded by wealth and luxury, and who have little or no sympathy for the rough backwoodsman and hardy pioneer. Those, however, who cherish the memory of our forefathers, and sympathize with those who encountered so many difficulties and hardships in subduing the dense forests, and preparing a home for themselves and their descendants, will love to read their humble story, and draw the parallel between their own comfortable times, and those of their ancestors. This town is situated in the north or northeast part of the county, and was laid out in the form of a square, con- taining 36 square miles. It was formerly a part of Essex county. It was chartered August 15, 1781, to William Wall and others. The first land that was cleared in its limits was near the boundary of Burke, in the year 1795. In September, 1797, James Ball came with his family, and settled upon the farm now occupied by his son, Mr. Perley Ball. In 1801, Eleazer Packer came and set- tled some two miles deeper still in the forest. Charles Palmer came in 1804. These were the first settlers. Others came in soon after, and the town was organized in 1809. These families suflFered many privations. The nearest grist mill was at Lyndon, 12 miles away, and the cold summer of 1816 destroyed nearly all their crops. In the course of a few years, however, large tracts of forest land NEWARK. 357 were cleared of then- timber, and bountiful harvests repaid the settler for his labors and placed hijS family in comfortable circum- stances. The soil of this town is naturally- fertile and well adapted to the growth of wheat. 40 bushels to the acre have been raised on the farm now owned by D. D. Hall, and from 30 to 40 bushels on fields of from 40 to 75 acres on the farm of Alpheus Stoddard. But the ravages of the weevil (or midge, as it is now called), has led to the cultivation of other crops to the almost total neglect of wheat. The present year (1860), however, the weevil has not made its appearance, and strong hopes are entertained by our farmers that wheat will yet be raised abundantly as in "days of old." The failure of the wheat crop turned the attention of our farmers especially to the raising of potatoes and herds grass seed. The last named gentleman above who set- tled here in 1820, has cleared 600 acres of timbered land for this purpose. He has reaped some years 100 acres of grass for seed. The labor of clearing a heavy growth of timber from the soil, is immense; to en- gage in it extensively and successfully, re- quires men of muscle and strong constitu- tions. Among the enterprising farmers of this town who have added much to its wealth in this way, are Alpheus Stoddard, Henry DoUoff, Eleazer Davis, Marshall Stod- dard and Samuel Gray. In 1852, M. Stod- dard raised 8,600 bushels of potatoes, all upon newly cleared land ; he has also reaped 100 acres of grass seed in a single year. The township is well watered. Here the Passumpsic river takes its rise. The settle- ment has extended gradually. It is a post town, and has four school districts. This town is also celebrated for its large productions of maple sugar. The original growth of timber upon two-thirds of its area, consisted of maple, beech and birch, maple being in the excess ; many beautiful groves of this useful tree have been cut down, but many yet remain. The eastern slope of a mountain which extends from East Haven to the centre of the town (a distance of three miles), is covered for two miles or more with a continuous forest of sugar- maple. Many tons of sugar are made here annually. Another remarkable feature of the town, is the great number of perennial springs. There is scarcely a farm that does not contain one, and some six or seven. On the farm of Mr. A. P. Taft is a beautiful spring of clear water, which sends off from its fountain-head a stream sufficient to turn 45 a saw mill. On the road from Newark to Island Pond is a mineral spring, the waters of which are supposed to run through a stratum of coal, as it is strongly impregnated with carbonic acid. There are three large ponds of water in the town, one of which is situated exactly in its centre, and is called Centre Pond. The manufacture of lumber is carried on to a considerable extent ; there are 7 saw mills, 1 grist mill and 2 starch fac- tories. The number of school districts is 9, and the population is 567. One serious drawback to the interests of this town, has been its geographical position, though we trust the time will come when-it will cease to be felt. It is divided by ranges of hills in such a manner that it is difficult to establish a central locality where the citi- zens may meet to transact their business. One palpable effect of this is, that the mer- chant in the adjoining towns receive the benefit of our trade. Another is, that though there are 3 religious societies in town, there is no meeting house. Several attempts have been made to erect one, but have failed by reason of disputes as to the location. A proposition is now before the town to build a town hall in connection with a church, which will probably succeed. [The meeting house has been erected and dedicated the past season — Ed.'\ Obed Johnson Moved into Newark from in 1812, and began clearing his land. He was a man of uncommon energy and industry ; an excel- lent and skillful farmer. As a citizen, he was obliging and trustworthy ; as a christian, he was of exemplary piety, and an invalu- able member of the church. Practically benevolent, it was his custom when a sub- scription was in circulation in behalf of any religious enterprise to give a sum double that of any other contributor. He acted as class leader in the Methodist churclj for 40 years. He died in 1858, aged 72. ADDITIONAL FACTS. BY L." M. SLEEPER. List of first town officers, 1809 — Eleazer Packer, James Ball, John Sleeper, select- men ; David Pike, treasurer ; Miles Coe, con- stable. First justice — Eleazer Packer, 1808, 20 years ; others, Lauren M. Sleeper, 19 ; Amos Parker, 15 ; Philemon Hartwell, 13 ; and Miles Coe, 12. First representative — Eleazer Packer, 1811 (1858). 358 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. First merchant — James Morse, 1832. First teacher of common school — Ursula Newell, 1810. First birth — Arnold, son of James Ball. First death — Eleazer Jr., son of Eleazer Packer, April 3, 1806. First marriage — Philemon Hartwell and Sally Hartwell, by Eleazer Packer, June 28, 1812. The oldest person among the early settlers who has deceased, was Mr. Billings. The oldest now living, is the same Eleazer Packer, who was at the head of the second family that moved into town. From the organization of the town till age demanded his retirement from public services, he was among the first and foremost in all business transactions ; he held many of the most im- portant town offices year after year, and many times represented this town in the general assembly of the state ; was justice of the peace until he refused longer to serve, and is a member of the Methodist church. [About 21 years since, in the northeast ■ corner of Newark, lived Calvin Hudson, first settler on the east road from Burke line to Bi'ighton, which was then only brushed out. Here he and his brother, Kitridge Hudson, had bought a right of land, and Calvin had built a log house, and moved his family, a wife and 7 children, in the fall before. In the winter he made shingles. One morning his family being in want of "necessaries," he took his knapsack and started for Burke. Not being very well, he declined waiting for breakfast, and started before the family had risen. At Burke he made his purchases, and started for home. A storm came on, and the snow fell fast; at Seymour Walton's, last house in East Haven, still 5 miles dis- tant, he stopped to warm, and again, not to be detained, pushed on homeward. Two days afterward (I had the narrative from the lips of his brother, and give it from memory), within 40 rods of home, he was found frozen by the wayside. Coiled up at his feet (the snow melted beneath the devoted animal), lay his own faithful little dog. And after .the funeral several days — the family having been removed — some one visiting the de- serted house, found this same affectionate creature had stayed behind and crawled be- neath the blanket that wrapped the body of his dead master before the burial, and had been left upon the shelf in the entryway; and with difficulty was he coaxed from the sacred relic and solitary house. — IId.'\ PEACHAM. BY REV. A. BOUTELLE. Peacham received a corporate existence by charter from Benning Wentworth, governor of New Hampshire, Dec. 31, 1763. This charter made over to seventy grantees, " in- habitants of N. Hampshire and of our other governments, and to their heirs and assigns forever," a tract of land — 23,040 acres — " six miles square and no more." A tract of land lying between Danville and Peacham, which afterward received a town- ship charter under the name of Deweysburg, was by act of the legislature divided in 1810, a part added to Danville and a part to Peach- am, which gave it a territory of 25,695 acres. Peacham is in the second range of town- ships westerly from Connecticut River, and its principal village is 7 miles northwesterly from its rail road station at Barnet. A high ridge of land passes through the westerly part of the town, running northeast and southwest, which divides the waters of the town running into Lake Champlain, from those passing into Connecticut River. The territory of the town lies chiefly on the east- ern slopes of this dividing ridge, and though a varied surface, has many excellent farms, well adapted for all kinds of grain, grass and pasturage. We can say in truth, both val- leys and hills possess a remarkable fertility, some of our best farms being on high swells of land. From the summits of some of our high hills beautiful prospects are obtained. On one of these, called by w^ay of legendary distinction. Devil Hill, looking west and north, the eye gazes upon an almost un- broken wilderness, extending from the base of the hill directly beneath your feet for several miles, while by just turning around, without other change of position, the culti- vated farms of Peacham and Barnet, lie spread out to the beholder's view. From Cow Hill, a still higher eminence, the vision is bounded north and west by the Green Mountain range and to the east by the Franconia and White mountains in New Hampshire. Looking west, or looking east, the whole intervening country lies spread out in all its untold variety of hills, valleys, forests, ponds, farms and villages. Within the limits of the town are several ponds, or small lakes, some of wliich, en- vironed with forests, and fed by mountain springs, are remarkably clear and much vi- sited by those fond of piscatorial diversions. Onion River Pond — so called as the source PEACHAM. 359 of one of the principal branches of Onion, or Winooski River — is in the westerly part of the town, covering an area of about 300 acres. Little Osmore Pond, one mile west of Onion — a long sheet of water wholly sur- rounded by forests — has on its bed a deposit of infusorial marl, much admired by geolo- gists for its fineness and freedom from foreign ingredients. Shell marl of coarser quality is found in other places in town, from which lime in considerable quantities has been manufactured. There are several streams of water running easterly, affording numerous mill privileges, upon which are 4 sawmills, 2 gristmills, a starch factory, a carding machine, a tannery, a blind and sash factory and 2 wagon shops. According to charter prescription, the first town meeting of the proprietors of Peacham was held in Hadley, Mass., Jan. 18, 1764. Hadley is distant from Peacham 164 miles. It is an honored town, and Peacham need never be ashamed of the place of its birth. There the machinery of the town was put into working order, but the power to work the maehinei'y was in the city of London, while the chief overseer had his dwelling in Portsmouth, N. H. Affairs slumbered, and for nearly 20 years the town remained in al- most unbroken silence. After long intervals the proprietors held an occasional meeting, and made some pro- gress in surveying lots and running lines around the town! Their first meeting held in Peacham, bears date August 20, 1783, 6 months previous to the first regular town meeting of which there is any record. The disturbed condition of the counti-y, arising from the contested claims of New Hampshire and New York, and the American Revolution retarded the growth of the town. A very few inhabitants tried to carve out homes for themselves and families as early as 1775, but lived in constant peril by day and night. Early in the spring of that year, Dea. Jona- than Elkins* came with a few others, and began cutting down the forest ; but from fear of the enemy, soon after returned to New- bury. In 1776 the solitude was broken by the marching of several companies of sol- diers along a line made by blazed trees from Newbury to Champlain. It was in early spring, and they marched on snow shoes. But upon hearing of an invasion from Cana- da, they soon marched back again. The few people who were here, fled M'ith them. Dea. Elkins, however, with John Skeele and Ar- chcy McLaughlin, returned in the fall and * Of Hampton, N. H. * spent the winter together in Peacham. These were the first white men who wintered here, and may be called the fathers of the town. But the few increased a little from year to year till the close of the war. In October, 1777, was born Harvey Elkins, the first white m. Tuohy, Chas. Hodgdon, D. C. Haviland (1st Lieut., dis.), Franklin Belknapp. * Married. t Single. X Family. 448 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Co. D. — Hugh Montague, James Doyle, Thomas Whalan, Joseph Gartland. Co. G. — John H. Hutchinsou (1st Lieut.), James Dickerman, Moses F. Brown (2d Lieut.), Michael Foly, John McDonnall. Co. ^.—Edward Bailey, Cha.s McCarthy. Co. I. — Justus Duplesee. Co. K. — Charles Kennedy. Band. — Arthur E. Worthen, Oliver W. Hoyer, W. H. Herrick, Charles L. Paddock, Pred. E. Carpenter, Leonard Miles. Teamster. — W. H. Stevens. Fourth Regiment, William Howard. Co. A. — Oscar F. Guy. Co. B.—Sohn C. Shay. Co. G.—J. W. D. Carpenter (2d Lieut.), Stephen H. Brockway. Co. Z".— Charles N. Blake. Fifth Regiment. Band. — Edward P. Carpenter (dis.). Sixth Regiment. Lieutenant Colonel, Asa P. Blunt. Co. C— John F. Murdock, Walter E. Mur- dock, Dennis Townsend, Daniel W. Cutler. Co. E. — Elmore W. Pierce, Rensselaer Bickford, George W. Bickford, A. F. Carpen- ter, Edwin W. Barker. Seventh Regiment. Co. C. — Dwight Knapp. Eighth Regiment. Co. C. — John Gilman, Orange F. Lyme, Charles E. Dunton, 0. F. Haywood, Geo. Hannet, Geo. Howard, John A. Ripley. Co. C. — Henry V. Severance, Lewis Clark, W. I. Heyer (dis.), George KJaapp, Turrill E. Harriman, Nathan P. Jay, Harvey G. Perigo, Michael Carr, Asahel M. F. Dean, Amos Bel- knapp, Martin H. Wilcox, Francis Cushman, Annis. Co. ^.— Edgar Blake. Cavalry Regiment. Co. C. — Martin G. Davis. Co. D. — Darwin J. Wright, John W. Wood- bury, Charles Knapp, Joseph ■ Hutchinson (prisoner). Co. /.—John P. Eddy. Thirteenth Massachusetts Regiment. Co. B.—F. 0. Baker, John B. Curtis. Miscellaneous. Alexander Livingston, Charles West, Or- ville Hutchinson, R. C. Vaughn, George Mc Curdy, Lewis Merchant, Enos Webber, Lyn- don Arnold, William Hannet (died in serv- ice), William Pierce, Leavit, Orville W. Hutchinson, Hiram Gorham, Benjamin F. Cummings, George G. McCurdy, Charles H. West, Alexander Livingston, Calvin J. Hum- phrey, Roswell C. Vaughan, Benj. D. West. [From Dr. I. D. Kilbourne.] Sheffield. Warren Bradley, Asa C. Brown, Joseph Barber, Elmere Berry, Edwin Berry, Ste- phen Berry, Stephen E. Drown, John Ell- kins, Leon Gorman, Silas E. Gray, William Gray, Sanford Gray, Azro Gray, Jerry Gray, Hiram Gray, William Green, Cyrus Root, James Sympson (deceased), Jacob Miles, Alanson Switzer, Albert Serriton, Aaron Sympson, Charles Sandborn, Alonzo Tay- troe, George Walcott. [From Dr. A. M. Ward.] Sutton. Perry C. Dean, 24 ;f Hugh Crow, 25 ;f A. R. Stone, 28 ;t Charles Hodgdon, 23;} S. W. Cobleigh, 21 ;f Silas Cobleigh, 23 ;} Luther B. Harris, 16 ;f A. P. Blake, 17 ;} L. P. Clark, 21 ;} Amos Ham, 26 ;f Loren Ayers, 26 ;•}• David Ratery, 28 ;f Lawrence Ryan, 22 ;f Perry Porter, 21 ;f B. L. Cas- well, 20 ;f L. W. Young, 58.* [From Key. L. T. Harris.] Walden. Marshal Montgomery, Austin Bailey, Amos Cushion, E. D. Dutton,* C. 0. Gibson,* Geo. Lowell,* David W. Stevens, Wm. H. Hunt, Alonzo Woodard, Dudley Bixby, Jas. Bailey, Nathan Chamberlin, Geo. P. Foster (Capt.), John Hibbard,* James J. Snow,* Moses S. Clefford, Louis B. Paquet, Levi B. Richard- son, John N. Smith, Alanson C. Kitteredge,* Thomas Ferrin,* Freeman Capron,* H. W. Capron, Wm. Smith. [From Hon. James D. Bell.] Wateefokd. Third Regiment. Co. I. — Samuel C. Chaplin, Samuel S. Stoddard, Jacob Goodell, Ebenezer Goodell, Nelson Blodgett, Joseph S. Bean, Carleton Felch, Alfred Prouty, jr. [From L. S. Freeman.] Samuel Fletcher, 27 ;f Jerome Fletcher, 25 ;f Dan Rowell, 22 ;{ Ronold Kennedy, 27 ;t John McDonald, 25 ;t Geo. Hoag, 20 ;t John Lee, 26 ;* Geo. Bonett, 23.f [From T. A. Cutler.] Wheelock. [Ages between 21 and 30 years; all single men.] Third Regiment. Co. G. — Bial Jones, Henry Folsom. Fourth Regiment. Co. G. — Amos Cushion. Co. H. — Augustus Londry. Sixth Regiment. Co. E. — Patrick King, Charles Hill, Austin Copsan,§ Wm. Judd, Joseph Barber, George Wolcott, Frederick Whitney, Harrison S. Way, Osias D. Matthewson, Daniel S. Jones, Stephen M. Jones, Isaiah Piper, Sanford Gray,' David Allard, Roswell L. Copsan, Jas. Riglesby, Frederick Shouty. [From Hon. T. J. Cree.] * Married. t Single. X Family. I Died at Camp Griffin, Nov. 29, 1861. CALEDONIA COUNTY VOLUNTEERS — Continued. Barnet. THREE tears' MEN. Tenth Regiment. Recruits.— LemxiQl Shaw, B. H. Fuller Walter Harvey, Jr., Peter M. Abbott, Hiram B. Somer, Thos. J. Miller, Warren W. Somer -o^ >?■ "f ■,~^- ^- I*ewey, Calvin Dewey, M E. Gerald William Cady, Atkins Moore, Wm. Wallace, Lyman Bemis. Eleventh Regiment. ^ec-m^s -Oliver H. Woods, Austin Goodell Arthur Wnght, William Brierly, Samuel C Stevens, John A Collins, Nath, Batchelder, Chester Orr, Waller D. Brock, Peter M Will son. • Mn Co. ^.— John C. Stevens, Wm. A. Aiken Henry Lackie, Samuel Brock, Thomas Gil- kerson, Stephen P. Carter, Norman D. Goss. NINE months' men. Fifteenth Regiment. ^ ^°'f-Tci\^-- ^- ^*^^®^« (Cap*-); Moses Ly- man Jr (2d Lieut.); A.ScotVLaug^lin, HenJy A Gilfillan, John Sulivan, Magnus D. Brock t.T" ?■ ^'^y,^^' ^^°^y S^^^lie- William h' Johnston, William S. Brock, Jr., Leonard W Brock, Peter M. Buchanan, John Conway' Thomas W. Gibson, Alexander P. Gilchrist James Gilchrist, 2d, Charles JohnsonXeph Lester, Samuel McLeram, Wm. J. McMullan Joseph A Mercer, Arch. ' J. Miller St G Somers, Lewis M. Gibson, George B. Somers Robert Stevenson, James B. Stuart, ViS Townshend, David Vance, John S T Wal lace, Peter Chompeow, George L. Wiilirms Robert M Brock, Prank Bedfll, Tho^a Gi I fillan, Robert S. Kelly, Wm. Somers, Henry M Townshend, Oscar F. Rankin, Daniel W Phelps, Henry 0. Peck, William S. Gilchrirt' Thomas Gilkerson, 2d. ^"iisi, StinmZV^r- ^""^^^y— George Galbraith, btillman Nutting, Benjamin Gadley. [From Peter Lindsay, first selectman.] Burke. THREE years' MEN. Third Regiment. Co. C— John Carrington Recruits for Company. -J a^m^^ F. Gray George W. Gates, Halsey H. Packer. ^' „n T ■ ?A~n '''''' ^- ^^*^.— William H. Goodwin, Martin H. Bartlett, Marcellus L. Colby, George H. Ball, William F. Stoddard, Charles H. Ball, John Blake, Joel Ball, N. R. Moulton. Seventh Regiment. Co. ^.—Alvah Elmer. Ninth Regiment. Co. H. — Freeman Haswell, Ambrose Al- lard, Chauncey Allard. Eleventh Regiment. Co. Z>.— Nathan Smith. Co. H. — Ambrose Allard. Co. K. — Reuben C. Moulton. Fifteenth Regiment. Co. G!.— George H. Blake, William C. Gliddon, Lewis W. Gordon, Lucius J. Camp- bell, Otis Ham, Alvin Jewell, Charles Bundy, Daniel R. Densmore, Sargent J. Whipple, George Bundy, Thomas C. Green, Calvin R. Stone, John B.. Webster, Freeman Hyde. Co. /.—Charles Flint, Aaron Willey. First Cavalry Regiment. Co. D. — William Daniels, John N. Frost, Alonzo Wilson, William R. Roundy, Ira S. Bryant. Waterford. Third Regiment. Recruit. — Austin H. Hall. Co. C. — Alonzo C. Armington, Moses A. Parker, Charles Prouty, Lorenzo Hutton. Co. 6!^.— Charles W. Hall, John McDonald Co. iT.— Gordon Smith. 452 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Co. I. — Valentine N. Blodgett, Wm. Craw- ford, Frank Hadley, Oliver Sanborn, George Green, Baxsted Bowman, Hiram Davis, Ed- ward C. Morrell. Fourth Regiment. Co. G. — Joseph Moreau. Eighth Regiment. Co. G. — EbenC. Goodell, Lorin P.Winslow, Harvey Perigo, James K. Bonett, Hiram L. Whipple, Nathan P. Jay. Tenth Regiment. Co. A. — Isaac L. Powers, Geo. H. Conley, Charles A. Conley, Charles R. Hoagg, John A. P. Gammel, Jefferson Packard Eleventh Regiment. Co. A. — John C. Burnham, Dennis S. Hurd, Charles Ross, A. Harlan, P. Ross, Edward P. Lee, EUery H. Carter, Warren Phillips, Jas. N. Joslin, Luther C. Bonett, Joseph W. Hutchinson, Marshal J. Packard. Miscellaneous. Derrick Bodett, Ira B. Bennett (U. S.A.) ; Alanson Priest (N. H. regt). Cavalry Regiment. Recruits. — Charles A. Cory, Loren Pack- ard, Thomas Brigham, Chas. W. Brigham. Co. D. — ^Elisha C. Page, Geo. B. Davison, Loren Richardson. NINE months' men. John Bowman, S. F. Aldrich, E. R. Clark, Emery L. Hovey, Edwin E. Hovey, Samuel Fletcher, Charles J. Stoddard, Jas. C. Lewis, F. J. Dalton, Edgar 0. Matthews, J. W, Curtis, Charles W. Davis, Asa L. Hurlburt, Daniel P. Rowell, George B. Rowell, Calvin Green, Lander C. Ormsby, Allen Carpenter, Joseph Valley. [From Lorenzo Green, Jonathan Farr, Samis Ha7, Be- lectanen]. WhEEIiOCK. Asa Allard, Clark Willey, Oscar Bogue, William H. Jones, John F. Kelly, William J. Ranney, John Wines, Asa Miles, Robert Al- ston, Artimas C. Whitney, James Highly, Edwin C. Clement, Chester A. , Stephen 0. Elkins, Levi A. Smith, Stephen S. Cree, Walter W. Chase, Isaac K. Gray, Spencer Drake, Jr., S. R. Willey, Hiram M. Thomas, William L. Ayer, John Sheldon, Norman W. Caswell, John Gadley, Milo Blodgett, Reuben Kelley. [FromHon. T. Cree.] Catalogue of a Valuable and Extensive Collection OF BOOKS RELATING TO AMERICA, COMPRISING Local and State Histories, Revolutionary War, Antiquities, Voyages and Travels, Works on the Indians and the War of 1812-15, American and Foreign Biography, Genealogies, Chronology, &c., &c., FOB- SALE AT THE PRICES AFFIXED, BY J. MUNSELL, 78 STATE STREET, ALBANY, N. Y. Postage on books sent by mail, is one cent an ounce. Adair. History of the American Indians, particularly those Nations adjoining to the Mississippi, East and West Florida, Georgia, South and North Carolina, and Virginia; containing an account of their origin, language, manners, religious and civil customs, laws, form of government, punishmftnts, conduct in war, and domestic life, their habits, diet, agriculture, manufactures, diseases, and methods of cure, and other particulars sufficient to render it a complete Indi- an system, with observations ou former historians, &c., and a map of the country. London, 17*15, 4°, bds. scarce. $12. Natural History of the State of New York. 21 vols, cloth, and Map on roller, good copy. $100. Force's American Archives, Fifth Series. 3 vols, thick folio,^ russia. $25. do. vol. 6, Fourth Series. $8. BuRGOYNE. State of the Expedition from Canada, as laid before the house of com- mons, by Lieut. Gen. Burgoyne, and verified by evidence; with a collection of authentic documents, and an addition of many circumstances which were prevented from appearing before the house, by the prorogation of parliament; written and collected by himself, and dedicated to the officers of the army he commanded. Loudon, 1180, 4", Map df the expedition and 5 plans of battle field.s, bds. $10. Another copy, Svo; bds., Rees. Cyclopaedia, or Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Literature. Lond. 1819. 45 vols., 4", 6 vols, plates, i cloth. $40. Humphreys. The Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages; an account of the develop- ment and progress of the art of illumination, as a distinct branch of picto- rial ornamentation, from the 4th to the Itth centuries; illustrated by a series of examples of the size of the originals, selected from the most beautiful MSS. of the various periods, executed on stone and printed in colors. Lon- don, 1849, royal folio,'full bound in tur. mor., gilt edges (magnifiicent work), $50. Westwood. Pceolographia Sacra Pictoria : being a series of Illustrations of the Ancient Versions of the Bible, copied ftom Illuminated Manuscripts executed between the Fourth and Sixteenth Centuries. Large 4°, 50 splendid plates, 1 turk, top edge gilt. $20. The Game of the Chesse by Wm, Caxton, reproduced in facsimile from a copy in the British Museum, with Remarks on Caxton's Tvpographical Productions. London, 1860, 4«, $10. Berjeau. 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Every Day Book and Table Book, or everlasting calendar of popular amu£ ments, sports, pastimes, ceremonies, manners, customs and events, incident | each of • the 365 days, in past and present times, forming a complete histo: of the year, months and seasons, and a perpetual key to'the almanac Lo don, 1831, 4 vols., 8", 436 engravings, half sheep. |8. AMERICA. 1 BOND, Minnesota and its Resources, 12°, cloth, plates, $1. 2 BRADFORD, Notes on the North West, or Val. of the Up. Mississippi, 12°, p. 302, sewed, 50c. 3 BROWN, History of Illinois, 8°, map, cloth, $2. 4 BROMWELL, History of Immigration to the United States, 8°, cloth, $1. 5 BUCCANEERS of America, Hist. of,8°, cloth, $1. 6 CALIFORNIA Sketches, with Recollections of the Gold Mines (Kip), 12°, pp. 57, stitched, 15c. 7 CLAVKtERO, Historv of Mexico, 2 vols. 4°, map and plates, bds., $7".50. 8 COGGESHALL, Hist. 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S. and Canada, 1795-7, 2d ed. (3 vols, in 2), 8°, half .sheep, $3. 423 STUART, Three Years in North America, 2 vols. 8°, bds., $2. 424 SMITH, Early Indiana Trials and Sketches, thick 8°, portrait, cloth, $2. 425 STANSBURY, Expedition to the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, and authentic ac- count of the Mormon Settlement, 8°, numer- ous plates, cloth, $3. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 426 ANTONIO, Bibliotheca Hispana, 2 vols, folio, calf, $8. 427 ASTLE, Origin and Progress of Writing, as well hieroglyphic as elementary, illustrated with engravings taken from marbles,, manu- scripts and charters, &c., 1st ed., 4°, k turk., neat, $10. 428 BIBLIOTHECA Chethamensis, Cat. of Chet- ham Library at Manchester, 3 vols. 8°, full calf, neat, $3. 429 BOSSANGE, Catalogue et Prix Courants, 3 vols. 8°, % turk., neat, valuable list with prices of books and other articles of European commerce, $5. 430 BRUNET'S Manuel du Libraire, ed. 1810, 3 vols. 8°, cslf, $2.60 431 Manuel du Libraire, ed. 1821, 3 vols. 8°, K turk., f3. 432 CASIRI, Bibliotheca Arabico-Hispana Escuri- alensis, 2 vols, folio, calf, neat, $8. 433 CATALOGUE Library Brown University, 8°, cloth, $1.50. 434 Friends' Library, 12°, sheep. 435 CHRISTOPHER, Diet, des Auteurs Classiques Grecs et Latins, 2 vols. 8°, sheep, $2. 436 CHURTON, Literary Annual Register, and catalogue raisonne of new publications for 1845, London, 8°, cloth, 50 cents. 437 CLASSAZIONE dei Libri a Stampa dell' L E, R. Palatina in corrispondenza di nn nuovo ordinamento dello scibile umano di Francesco Palermo, Firenze, 1854, pp. 388, sup. royal 8°, uncut, sewed, $2. 438 CRITICAL and Historical Account of all the Libraries in Foreign Countries, ancient and modern, 18°, sewed, 50 cents. 439 DE BURE, Cat. de la Valliere^ 3 vols. 8°, port, and plates, partly priced, X turk., $3. 440 DE BURY, Philobiblon, a treatise on the love of books, 12°, cloth, $2.25. 441 do. Excellent traite sur I'amour des livres, par Richard de Bury, notes by Coche- ris, 12°, Paris, 1856, cloth. $2.50. 442 DK ROSSI, De Hebraicse Typographies, 12°, 446 HOTTINGER, Biblio. Orientalis, 4°, ttpI., $l. sewed, 50 cents. 443 FOX, Book of Martyrs, 4°, sheep, new copy, port, and platts, $3. 444 GOSSETT, Sale Catalogue of Library, priced, % turk, $1. 445 HORNE, Introduction to the Study of Biblio- graphy, 2 vols. 8°, plates, bds., $3.50. 78 State Street, Albany, N. Y. 9 447 HUPFAUER, Drulcstucke aus dem XV Jahr- hunderte, welche sich in der Bibliothek des regulirteii Chorstistes Beuerberg befinden, 12°, mlt 23 liolzschnitteu, 'A vel., $2. 448 LICHTENBERGER, Initia Typographia, 4% uncut, $1.50. 449 LONDON Athenaeum, Catalogue of Library, 1845, royal 8°, K mor., $1. 450 LONDON Catalogues, 8°, % turk., 50 cents. 451 LOW, British Cat. of Books published from Oct., 1837, to Dec, 1852, royal 8°, containing date of publication, size, price, publisher's name and edition, X russia, neat, $2. 452 NEW YORK State Library Catalogues, 1831- 1861, 11 vols., 8°, $10. 453 NEW YORK Mercantile Library Cat., 1850, and 1st. sup., 1856, 2 vols. 8°, V^ mor., $2. 454 NEW YORK Private Libraries, 8°, sewed, un- cut, $3.50. 455 NICHOLSON, The English Historical Library, 12°, calf, 50 cents. 456 , with 2d part, 1697, K calf, $1.25. 457 NOTIZIA de Libri Rari nella Lingua Italiana, 12°, }i turk., neat, $1. 458 O'CALLAGHAN, List of Editions of the Holy Scriptures and parts thereof, printed in Ame- rica previous to 1860, with Introduction and Bibliographical notes, sup. royal 8°, X turk., $12. 459 OSMONT, Diet. Typographique, Historique et Critique des Livres Rares, 2 vols. 8°, calf, $2. 460 POCKET Typographia, a brief practical guide to the art of printing, 24°, cloth, 25 cents. 461 RHEES, Manual of American Libraries, 8°, cloth, $3. 462 STEPHENS, Forteckning ofver de fornamsta Brittiska och Fransyska Handskrifterna uti Kongl. Bibliotheket i Stockholm, 8°, half turk., $1. ' 463 STOWER, Printer's Grammar, 8°, plates, half sheep, $1.50. 464 STRAKER, Cat. of British and Foreign Theo- logy, etc., pp. 508, 8°, sewed, 50 cents. BIOGRAPHY. 465 ALEXANDER, Biographical Sketches of the Founder and Principal Alumni of the Log College, 12°, half mor., 50 cents. 466 AMERICAN Biog. Sketch Book, 8°, cloth, numerous portraits, scarce, $2.50. 467 AMERICAN Biog. Panorama, 8°, half sheep, numerous portraits, $1.50. 468 BARNARD, Character and Services of James Madison, 8°, pamphlet, 25 cents. 469 BINNS John, jr.. Life of, 12°, cloth, portrait, 50 cents. 470 BLACKHAWK, Life of, 12°, cloth, 50 cents. 471 BLENNERHASSETT, Life of and Narrative of the Burr Expedition, 12°, cloth, neat, $1. 472 BREWSTER'S Life and Writings of Isaac Newton, 2 vols., 8°, cloth, portraits, Edin- burg ed., $4. 473 BRIDGMAN, Memorials of Dead in Boston, 12°, cloth, $1.25. 474 BUCKINGHAM, Specimens of Newspaper Literature, with personal memoirs, anecdotes and reminiscences, 12°, ports., cloth (2 vols, in 1), 75 cMits. 475 CA^J[PBKLL, Life Gen. Wm. Hull, and Hist. CaL -laign of 1812, by Clark, 8°, cloth, $1.50. 476 CAREY, Matthew, Autobiographical Sketches, 12°, cloth (suppressed), $3. 477 CARSON, Mrs. Ann, and her conspiracy against the Governor of Pennsylvania, 12°, bds., sewed, $1.50. 478 CLARK, Willis Gaylord, Life of, 8°, cl.,$1.25. 479 CLARY, Discourse on Timothy Farrar, 8", pamphlet, 25 cents. 480 .GOLDEN. Life of Robert Fulton, 8°, port., bds.,$!.50. 4al COLERIDGE, Biog. Sketches of S. T. Cole- ridge, tliick 12°, cloth, $1.60. 482 CONE, Spencer H., Lire of, 12°, cl., port., $1. 483 COOKE, George Frederick, Dunlap's Life of, 2 vols, thick 18°, half cloth, $2. 484 CROSBY'S Annual Obituary Notices of Emi- nent Persons, who died in 1857-58, 2 vols. 8°, cloth (all pub.), portraits, $4. » 485 CUSTIS, Private Memoirs of Washington, notes by Lossing, 8°, portraits, sheep, $3. 486 CUTTER, Life' Gen. Lafixyette, 12°, plates, cloth, $1. 487 , Life Gen. Putnam, 12°, plates, cl., $1.. 488 DARLINGTON, Memorials of John Bartram and Humphrey Marshall, with notices of their Botanical Contemporaries, 8°, plates, cl., $2. 489 DEANE, Silas, Papers relating to his case in France, 8°, half mor., $2. 489*DEXTER, Samuel, Life of, 12°, 30 cents. 490 DODDRIDGE, Remarkable Life of Col. James Gardner, slain at Prestonpans, 1745, 12°, sheep, 50 cents. 491 DOUGLAS, Autobiography of Thomas, of Florida, 12°, port., sewed, $1. 492 DRAKE, Daniel Dr., Life of and Notices of Early Settlement of Cincinnati and its Pioneer Citizens, small 8°, cloth, portrait, $1. 493 DRAKE, History and Biography of the Indians of North America, 8°, ports, and plates, cloth, $2.50. 494 , Memoir of Sir Walter Raleigh, thin 4°, port., stitched, larg»';'baper copy, $3. ■ 495 DUt-,R, Life of Wm. Iklrd Stirling, 8°, port, and maps, cloth, $1. 496 DUSENBERY, Monument to Gen. .Jackson, 25 Eulogies, &c., Proclamation, Farewell Ad- dress, Sketch of Life, &c., 12°, port., cloth, $1. 497 EATON, Life Andrew .Jackson, and History of War in the South, 8°, port., sheep, $1. 497* Life Gen. William, 8°, sheep, portrait, $1.50. 498 FELLOWS, Veil Removed, or Reflections on Humphrey's Essay on the Life of Israel Put- nam ; Peabody's Life of same, and Swett's Sketch of Bunker Hill, 12°, cloth, 50 cents. 499 FLANDERS, Life and Times of the Chief Justices, 8°, cloth, $2.50. 500 FRANKLIN, Benjamin, Life of, Albany, 1797, 12°, ."-heep, last leaf wanting, 50 cents. 501 GARDINER, Dictionary of the Army, thick 12°, cloth, $3. 502 GILLIES, Memoirs of a Literary Veteran, 3 vols., 12°, cloth, $1.50. 503 GOULD, Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Artists, 2 vols., 12°, cloth, $2. 503*GRANT'S American Lady, 12°, cloth, 63c. 504 GRAHAM, Life Gen. Morgan, 12°, cloth, $1. 505 GUNN, Memoirs of Rev. John H. Livingston, 8°, bds., $1.25. 506 GURLEY, Life of Ashmun, Colonial Agent in Liberia, 8°, port., cloth, $1.25. 507 HOLCROF'i", Life of Baron Trenck, 8°, half morocco, 50 cents. 508 HOLSTEIN, Memoirs of Simon Bolivar, 8°, sheep, $1.25. 509 IRVING, Life of Columbus, 3 vols., 12°, port., half calf, neat, $4. 510 IRVINGIANA, Memorial of Washington Ir- ving, 4°, cloth, 50 cents. 511 JOHNSTON, Charles, Narrative of Captivity among the Indians, 1790, 12°, half cloth, un- cut, $1.25. 512 LANMAN, Dictionary of Congress, biographi- cal sketches of its members from the founda- tion of the government, 8°, cloth, $3. 10 J, MunselVs Catalogue, 513 LEAKE, Life .and Times of John Lamb, 8% port, and plates, sheep, $2. 514 LESTER'S Artists of America, 8% cloth,^nu- merous fine steel portraits, $2. 515 LEGGETT, William, Life and Writings of, 2 vols., 12°, cloth, $1.50. 516 LIFE of P, T. Barnum, 12% portrait, cloth, 50c. 517 LIFE of Stephen A. Douglas, 12% port., cl., $1. 518 LOSSING, Our Countrymen, brief memoirs of Eminent Americans, 12% ports., cl., $1,25. 519 LUND Y, Benjamin, Life, Travels and Opinions of, 12°, sevvad, 60 cents. 520 MACKENZIE, Life and Opinions of Benjamin F. Butler and Jesse Hoyt, &c., 8°, stitched, 50c. 521 MALLORY'S Life and Speeches of Henry Clay, 2 vols., 8°, cloth, portrait, monument and view of Ashluid, $2 (pub. at $4.50.) 522 MANSFIELD'S Life and Services of Gen. Win- field Scott, thick 12°, port., cloth, 50 cents. 523 MARSHALL, Life Washington, 5 vols., 8°, and Atlas, cloth, stained, §6. 524 MAURY, The Statesmen of America in 1846, 12°, bds., 37 cents. 625 MEMOIR of Nicholas Hill, Member of the Bar of New Y'ork, 8°, port., cloth, 75 cents. 526 MEMOIR of Rev. 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ObftruBions by Fire Ships to the Navigation of Hudfon's River; by Chain at Fort Montgomery, Chevaux de Frife at Fort Wafhington and Pollopel's Ifland, and Chain at Weft Point ; being the Original Minutes of the Secret Committee for Obftrudling the Navigation of Hudfon's River, and other Original Papers ; with Notes and Index ; alfo a Map of the Highlands, and other Illuftrations, cloth, as above, $5. The Loyal Verfes of Stanfbury and Odell, com- prifing a Collection of unpubliflied Loyalift Poetry of the Revolution, with Introdudlion and Notes, by Win- THRop Sargent, paper, as above, $4. Juft publifhed, in ftyle fimilar to the preceding : J Trve Difcovrfe of the prefent Eftate of Vir- ginia and tile fucceffe of the affaires there till the 18 of lune, 1 614, together with a Relation of the feuerall Englifh Townes and Fortes, the aflured hopes of that countrie and the peace concluded with the Indians • the chriftening of Powhatan's daughter, and her mar- riage with an Engliftiman : by Ralph Hamor, Lond., 1615, reprinted for private distribution in facfimile, in folio, on toned paper, cloth, top edge gilt, $7. Orderly Book of that portion of the American Army ftarioned at or near Williamlburg, Va., under the command of Gen. Andrew Lewis, in 1776; with Notes and Introdudlion by Charles Campbell, Efq. Small 4to, privately printed, paper, uncut, $2.50. 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