mi} 
 
 m 
 
 |H| 
 
 iiiii 
 
THE 
 
 1/ 
 
 HI 8TOET 
 
 JONES COUNTY 
 
 I o ^^^ -A., sy 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 jl !f blar^ txl ll^a Saunt^^ ii$ %xiit% ^nmrn^ ^Uf 
 
 Biographical Sketches of Citizens, War Record of its Volunteers 
 
 in the late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits 
 
 of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History of the 
 
 Northwest, History of Iowa, Map of Jones 
 
 County, Constitution of the United States, 
 
 Miscellaneous Matters, &c., &c. 
 
 IXlXiTJSTI^.A_TED. 
 
 CHICAGO : 
 WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY, 
 
 1«79. 
 
{M22S 
 
 <':U' 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 HISTORY NORTHWEST AXD STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 Page. 
 
 History Northwest Territory 19 
 
 Geographical Position 19 
 
 Early Explorations 20 
 
 Discovery of the Ohio 32 
 
 English Explorations and Set- 
 tlements 34 
 
 American Settlements 59 
 
 Division of the Northwest Ter- 
 ritory 65 
 
 Tecumseh and the War of 1812 69 
 Black Hawk and the Black 
 
 Hawk War 73 
 
 Other Indian Troubles 79 
 
 Present Condition of the North- 
 west 79 
 
 Illinois 88 
 
 Illinois 257 
 
 Indiana 259 
 
 Iowa.. 260 
 
 Michigan 2b3 
 
 Wisconsin 264 
 
 Minnesota 266 
 
 Nebraska 267 
 
 History of Iowa : 
 
 Geographical Situation 109 
 
 Topography 109 
 
 Drainage System 110 
 
 Page. 
 History ol Iowa : 
 
 Kivers Ill 
 
 Lakes 118 
 
 Springs 119 
 
 Prairies 120 
 
 Geology 120 
 
 Climatology 137 
 
 Discovery and Occupation 139 
 
 Territory 147 
 
 Indians 147 
 
 Pike's Expedition 151 
 
 Indian Wars 152 
 
 Black Hawk War 157 
 
 Indian Purchase, Reserves and 
 
 Treaties 159 
 
 Spanish Grants 163 
 
 Half-Breed Tract 164 
 
 Early Settlements 166 
 
 Territorial History 173 
 
 Boundary Question 177 
 
 State Organization 181 
 
 Growth and Progress 185 
 
 Agricultural College and Farm.186 
 
 State University 187 
 
 State Historical" Society 193 
 
 Pa OB. 
 History of Iowa: 
 
 Penitentiaries 194 
 
 Insane Hospitals 195 
 
 College for the Blind 197 
 
 Deaf and Dumb Institution 199 
 
 Soldiers' Orphans' Homes 199 
 
 State Normal School 201 
 
 Asylum for Feeble Minded 
 
 Children 201 
 
 Reform School 202 
 
 Fish Hatching Establishment. 2<i3 
 
 Public Lands 204 
 
 Public Schools 218 
 
 Political Record 223 
 
 War Record 229 
 
 Infantry 233 
 
 Cavalry 244 
 
 Artillery 247 
 
 Miscellaneous 248 
 
 Promotions from Iowa Reg- 
 iments 249 
 
 Number Casualties — Officers.250 
 Number Casualties — Enlist- 
 ed Men 252 
 
 Number Volunteers 254 
 
 Population 255 
 
 Agricultural Statistics 320 
 
 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE L.AWS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Adoption of Children 303 
 
 Bills of Exchange and Promissory 
 
 Notes 293 
 
 Commercial Terms 305 
 
 Capital Punishment 298 { 
 
 Charitable, Scientific and Religious 
 
 Associations 316 
 
 Descent 293 
 
 Damages from Trespass 300 
 
 Exemptions from Execution 298 
 
 Estrays 299 
 
 Forms : 
 
 Articles of Agreement 3f7 
 
 Bills of Sale 308 : 
 
 Bond for Deed 315 . 
 
 Bills of Purcha.se 306 i 
 
 Page. 
 Forms : 
 
 Chattel Mortgage 314 
 
 Confession of Judgment 306 
 
 Lease 312 
 
 Mortgages 310 
 
 Notice to Quit 309 
 
 Notes 306,313 
 
 Orders 306 
 
 Quit Claim Deed 315 I 
 
 Receipts 306 
 
 Wills and Codicils 309 i 
 
 Warranty Deed 314 
 
 Fences 300 
 
 Interest 293 
 
 Intoxicating Liquors 317 
 
 Page. 
 
 Jurisdiction of Courts 297 
 
 Jurors 297 
 
 Limitation of Actions 297 
 
 Landlord and Tenant 304 
 
 Married Women 298 
 
 Marks and Brands 300 
 
 Mechanics' Liens. 301 
 
 Roads and Bridges 302 
 
 Surveyors and Surveys 303 
 
 Suggestions to Persons Purchasing 
 
 Books by Subscription 319 
 
 Support of Poor 303 
 
 Taxes 295 
 
 Wills and Estates 293 
 
 Weights and Measures 305 
 
 Wolf Scalps 300 
 
 Page. 
 
 Source of the Mississippi 22 
 
 La Salle Landing on the Shore of 
 
 Green Bay 24 
 
 Buffalo Hunt 26 
 
 Trapping 28 
 
 Mouth of the Mississippi 31 
 
 High Bridge 33 
 
 Pontiac, the Ottawa Chieftain 42 
 
 ILIiUt^TRATIOnrS. 
 
 Page. 
 Indians Attacking Frontiersmen.. 55 
 Present Site Lake Street Bridge, 
 
 Chicago, 1833 .58 
 
 A Pioneer Dwelling 60 
 
 Lake Bluff. 62 
 
 Tecumseh, the Shawa:ioe Chieftain 68 
 
 Indians Attacking a Stockade 71 
 
 Black Hawk, the Sac Chieftain 74 
 
 Page. 
 
 Old Fort Dearborn, 1830 79 
 
 Lincoln Monument 80 
 
 A Pioneer School House 81 
 
 Chicago in 1833 82 
 
 Hunting: Prairie Wolves 85 
 
 Kinzie House 87 
 
 Starved Bock 89 
 
 An Early Settlement 108 
 
 Page. 
 
 Map of Jones County Front. 
 
 Constitution of United States 269 
 
 Vote for President, Governor and 
 
 Congressmen 283 
 
 Practical Rules for Every-Day Use. .284 
 United States Government Land 
 
 Measure 287 
 
 lIISVEL.L./%NKOi;!!i. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Surveyor's Measure 288 
 
 How to Keep Accounts 288 
 
 Interest Table 289 
 
 Miscellaneous Ta'de 289 ! 
 
 Names of the States of the Union I 
 and their Significations 290 
 
 Page. 
 
 Population of the United States 291 
 
 Population of Fifty Principal Cities 
 of the United States 291 
 
 Population and Area of the United 
 States 291 
 
 Population of the Principal Coun- 
 tries in the Worid 282 
 
IV 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 HISTORY OF JOXKS t'OUXTY. 
 
 Pack. 
 
 Geology 323 
 
 County Organization 326 
 
 Election Precincts 328 
 
 Township Organization 329 
 
 Thp First Court 331 
 
 Commissioners' Acts 331 
 
 County Seat Questions 332 
 
 The County Jail 3J5 
 
 County and Legislative Officers 335 
 
 Legislative Representation 338 
 
 Railroils 341 
 
 County Finances 34« 
 
 .Statistics — Social and Agricultural.34T 
 
 Bridses 349 
 
 TiniliiT, Hedges, etc 350 
 
 Census of 1840, and Deaf Mutes. ..350 
 
 Political 353 
 
 Vote 1876-1878 354 
 
 Lynch Law 354 
 
 a" Tornado 355 
 
 An Expensive Funeral 35G , 
 
 War History 356 
 
 Voltint'-er Roster 379 
 
 Horrible Murder 396 
 
 Old Settlers' Association 396 , 
 
 The Additional Penitentiary 397 i 
 
 Fish-Hatching Establishment 402 ' 
 
 Meteorological 405 
 
 Fairview Township 422 
 
 Early Settlement 422 
 
 Fairview Township: Page. 
 
 Village of Fairview 424 
 
 Early History 425 
 
 First Schoolhouse 427 
 
 First Post Office.. 427 
 
 Anamosa 428 
 
 City Officers 4:W 
 
 Origin of the name Anamosa. ..4.34 
 
 Incorporation 435 
 
 The Press 436 
 
 Educational 437 
 
 Churches 4.39 
 
 First B trial in Anamosa Cem- 
 etery ....444 
 
 Cemetery -Association 444 
 
 St. Patrick's, Benevolent So- 
 ciety 445 
 
 Western Sick Benefit Associa- 
 tion 446 
 
 Scientific Association 449 
 
 Art Association 449 
 
 Secret Societies 449 
 
 Driving Park 433 
 
 Water Works 453 
 
 Fire Department and Fires 454 
 
 Stone Quarries 4.J7 
 
 The Pioneer Tobacco Raiser 
 
 of Iowa 458 
 
 Liquor Confiscation 459 
 
 Marriage Incident 4.59 
 
 Edmund Booth 460 
 
 Page. 
 
 Monticello Towti.-.hip 461 
 
 Early Historv 462 
 
 Official Roster 467 
 
 Monticello in 1879 468 
 
 Educational 469 
 
 The Press 471 
 
 Churches 4'r2 
 
 Young Men's Christian Asso- 
 ciation 474 
 
 Water Works 474 
 
 Fire Department 475 
 
 Secret Societies 475 
 
 Associations 477 
 
 Militia 479 
 
 Agricultural Society 480 
 
 The Principal Fires 480 
 
 Wyoming Towtishij) 482 
 
 Madison Township 509 
 
 Oxford Township 511 
 
 Hale Township 513 
 
 Greenfield Township 513 
 
 Rome Township 514 
 
 Castle Grove Township 525 
 
 Richland Township 526 
 
 Scotch Grove Township 536 
 
 Clay Township 541 
 
 Washington Township .542 
 
 Jackson Township 542 
 
 Cass Township 543 
 
 Wayne Township .543 
 
 BIOOKAPHICAL SKETCH KK. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Cass 693 
 
 CiiStle Grove 698 
 
 Clay 701 
 
 Fairview .549 
 
 Greenfield 584 
 
 Pack. 
 
 Hale 637 
 
 Jackson 007 
 
 Madison 014 
 
 Jlonticello (559 
 
 Oxford 590 
 
 P.^GE. 
 
 Richland 688 
 
 Rome 643 
 
 Scotch Grove 654 
 
 Wayne 620 
 
 Wyoming 598 
 
 LITHOGRAPH K' PORTRAITS, 
 
 Pace. 
 
 Edmund Booth 323 I 
 
 J. A. Bronson 5til 
 
 M. H. Calkins 483 
 
 Robert Dott 357 
 
 J. A. Greeti 447 
 
 Page. Page. 
 
 A. M. Loomis 411 John Russell 519 
 
 John McKean 5.55 Col. Chas. F. Springer 393 
 
 James M. Peet 429 William T. Shaw 573 
 
 J. C. Ramsey 375 Otis Wbittemore 465 
 
 Barrett Whittemore 537 
 
The Northwest Territory. 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION. 
 
 When the Northwestern Territory was ceded to the United States 
 by Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the 
 Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers, and north to the northern .limits of the 
 United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States 
 of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of 
 Minnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United 
 States itself at that period extended no farther west than the Mississippi 
 River; but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary 
 of the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the 
 Northern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National 
 domain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the 
 ''New Northwest," in contradistinction from the old "Northwestern 
 Territory." 
 
 In comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast 
 magnitude. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles ; being greater 
 in extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States, 
 including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected 
 eleven sovereign States and eight Territories, with an aggregate popula- 
 tion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of 
 the entire population of the United States. 
 
 Its lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the continent 
 ^ow for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far- 
 stretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the 
 highest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent 
 on the globe. 
 
 For the last twenty years the increase of population in the North- 
 west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United 
 States. 
 
 (19) 
 
20 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 EARLY EXPLORATIONS. 
 
 In the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great "West in the New 
 World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel 
 of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than 
 half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence 
 to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no 
 settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that 
 he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and 
 disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery 
 for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize 
 upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by 
 DeSoto's defeat. Yet it A\as more than a century before any adventurer 
 took advantage of these discoveries. 
 
 In 1616, four years before the pilgrims " moored their bark on the 
 wild New England shore," Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene- 
 trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots (Hurons) to the streams which 
 run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the 
 first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from 
 the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian 
 envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary, 
 below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent 
 result; yet it was not until 1059 that any of the adventurous fur traders 
 attempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes, 
 nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by 
 Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude 
 Allouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the 
 Indians of the Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette 
 founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two 
 years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen- 
 eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the 
 present City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a 
 grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were 
 taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken 
 of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at 
 Point St. Ignatius, where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac. 
 
 During M. Talon's explorations and jNLarquette's residence at St. 
 Ignatius, they learned of a great river away to the west, and fancied 
 —as all others did then— that upon its fertile banks whole tribes of God's 
 children resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come. 
 Filled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with a 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITOxi;Y. 21 
 
 request of M. Talon, who earnestly desired to extend the domain of his 
 king, and to ascertain whether the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico 
 or the Pacific Ocean, Marquette with Joliet, as commander of the expe- 
 dition, prepared for the undertaking. 
 
 On the 13th of May, 1673, the explorers, accompanied by five assist- 
 ant French Canadians, set out from Mackinaw on their daring voyage of 
 discovery. The Indians, who gathered to witness their departure, were 
 astonished at the boldness of the undertaking, and endeavored to dissuade 
 them from their purpose by representing the tribes on the Mississippi as 
 exceedingly savage and cruel, and the river itself as full of all sorts of 
 frightful monsters ready to swallow them and their canoes together. But, 
 nothing daunted by these terrific descriptions, Marquette told them he 
 was willing not only to encounter all the perils of the unknown region 
 they were about to explore, but to lay down his life in a cause in which 
 the salvation of souls was involved ; and having prayed together they 
 separated. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, the 
 adventurers entered Green Bay, and passed thence up the Fox River and 
 Lake Winnebago to a village of the Miamis and Kickapoos. Here Mar- 
 quette was delighted to find a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the 
 town ornamented with white skins, red girdles and 1bows and arrows, 
 which these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to 
 thank him for the pity he had bestowed on them during the Winter in 
 giving them an abundant " chase." This was the farthest outpost to 
 which Dablon and Allouez had extended their missionary labors the 
 year previous. Here Marquette drank mineral waters and was instructed 
 in the secret of a root which cures the bite of the venomous rattlesnake. 
 He assembled the chiefs and old men of the village, and, pointing to 
 Joliet, said : " My friend is an envoy of France, to discover new coun- 
 tries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths 
 of the Gospel." Two Miami guides were here furnished to conduct 
 them to the Wisconsin River, and they set out from the Indian village on 
 the 10th of June, amidst a great crowd of natives who had assembled to 
 witness their departure into a region where no white man had ever yet 
 ventured. The guides, having conducted them across the portage, 
 returned. The explorers launched their canoes upon the Wisconsin, 
 which they descended to the ^Mississippi and proceeded down its unknown 
 waters. What emotions must have swelled their breasts as they struck 
 out into the broadening current and became conscious that they were 
 now upon the bosom of ths Father of Waters. The mystery was about 
 to be lifted from the long-sought river. The scenery in that locality is 
 beautiful, and on that delightful seventeenth of June must have been 
 clad in all its primeval loveliness as it had been adorned by the hand of 
 
22 
 
 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 Nature. Drifting rapidly, it is said that the bold bluffs on either hand 
 "reminded them of the castled shores of tlieir own beautiful rivers of 
 France." By-and-by, as they drifted along, great herds of buffalo appeared 
 on the banks. On going to the heads of the valley they could see a 
 country of the greatest beauty and fertility, apparently destitute of inhab- 
 itants yet presenting the appearance of extensive manors, under the fas- 
 tidious cultivation of lordly proprietors. 
 
 SOUECE OF THE MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 On June 25, they went ashore and found some fresh traces of men upon 
 the sand, and a path which led to the prairie. The men remained in the 
 boat, and Marquette and Joliet followed the path till they discovered a 
 village on the banks of a river, and two other villages on a hill, within a 
 half league of the first, inhabited by Indians. They were received most 
 hospitably by these natives, who had never before seen a white person. 
 After remaining a few days they re-embarked and descended the river to 
 about latitude 33°, where they found a village of the Arkansas, and being 
 satisfied that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, turned their course 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 23 
 
 up the river, and ascending the stream to the mouth of the Illinois, 
 rowed up that stream to its source, and procured guides from that point 
 to the lakes. " Nowhere on this journey," says Marquette, "'did we see 
 such grounds, meadows, woods, stags, bujffaloee, deer, wildcats, bustards, 
 swans, ducks, parroquets, and even beavers, as on the Illinois River." 
 The party, without loss or injury, reached Green Bay in September, and 
 reported their discovery — one of the most important of the age, but of 
 which no record was preserved save Marquette's, Joliet losing his by 
 the upsetting of his canoe on his way to Quebec. Afterward Marquette 
 returned to the Illinois Indians by their request, and ministered to them 
 until 1675. On the 18th of May, in that year, as he was passing the 
 mouth of a stream — going with his boatmen up Lake Michigan — he asked 
 to land at its mouth and celebrate Mass. Leaving his men with the canoe, 
 he retired a short distance and began his devotions. As much time 
 passed and he did not return, his men went in search of him, and found 
 him upon his knees, dead. He had peacefull}'' passed away while at 
 prayer. He was buried at this spot. Charlevoix, who visited the place 
 fifty years after, found the waters had retreated from the grave, leaving 
 the beloved missionary to repose in peace. The river has since been 
 called Marquette. 
 
 While Marquette and his companions were pursuing their labors in 
 the West, two men, differing widely from him and each other, were pre- 
 paring to follow in his footsteps and perfect the discoveries so well begun 
 by him. These were Robert de La Salle and Louis Hennepin. 
 
 After La Salle's return from the discovery of the Ohio River (see 
 the narrative elsewhere), he established himself again among the French 
 trading posts in Canada. Here lie mused long upon the pet project of 
 those ages — a short way to China and the East, and was busily planning an 
 expedition up the great lakes, and so across the continent to the Pacific, 
 when Marq^uette returned from the Mississippi. At once the vigorous mind 
 of LaSalle received from his and his companions' stories the idea that by fol- 
 lowing the Great River northward, or by turning up some of the numerous 
 western tributaries, the object could easily be gained. He applied to 
 Frontenac, Governor General cf Canada, and laid before him the plan, 
 dim but gigantic. Frontenac entered warmly into his plans, and saw that 
 LaSalle's idea to connect the great lakes by a chain of forts with the Gulf 
 of Mexico would bind the country so wonderfully together, give un- 
 measured power to France, and glory to himself, under whose adminis- 
 tration he earnestly hoped all would be realized. 
 
 LaSalle now repaired to France, laid his plans before the King, who 
 warmly approved of them, and made him a Chevalier. He also receivod 
 from all the noblemen the warmest wishes for his success. The Chev- 
 
24 
 
 THK NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 alier returned to Canada, and busily entered upon his work. He at 
 once rebuilt Fort Frontenac and constructed the first ship to sail on 
 these fresh-water seas. On the 7th of August, 1679, having been joined 
 by Hennepin, he began his voyage in the Griffin up Lake Eiie. He 
 passed over this lake, through the straits beyond, up Lake St. Clair and 
 into Huron. In this lake they encountered heavy storms. They were 
 some time at Micliillimackinac, where LaSalle founded e fort, and passed 
 on to Green Bay, the " Baie des Puans" of the French, where he found 
 a large quantity of furs collected for him. He loaded the Griffin with 
 these, and placing her under the care of a pilot and fourteen sailors, 
 
 LA SALLE LANDING ON THE SHORE OF GllEEN BAY. 
 
 started her on her return voyage. The vessel was never afterward iieard 
 of. He remained about these parts until early in the Winter, when, hear- 
 ing nothing from tlie Griffin, he collected all the men — thirty working 
 men and tluee monks — and started again upon his great undertaking. 
 
 By a short portage they passed to the Illinois or Kankakee, c died by 
 the Indians, ''Thcakeke," tooJf, because of the tribes of Indians called 
 by that name, commonly known as the Mahingans, dwelling tlicre. The 
 French pronounced it Kiakiki, which became corrupted to Kankakee. 
 "Falling down the said river by easy journeys, the better to observe the 
 country," about the last of December they reached a village of the Illi- 
 nois Indians, containing some five hundred cabins, but at that moment 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 25 
 
 no inhabitants. The Seur de LaSalle being in want of some breadstuffs, 
 took advantage of the absence of the Indians to help himself to a suffi- 
 ciency of maize, large quantities of which he found concealed in holes 
 under the wigwams. This village was situated near the present village 
 of Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois. The corn being securely stored, 
 the voyagers again betook themselves to the stream, and toward evening, 
 on the 4th day of January, 1680, they came into a lake which must have 
 been the lake of Peoria. This was called by the Indians Pim-l-te-un, that 
 is, a place tvhere there are many fat beasts. Here the natives were met 
 with in large numbers, but they were gentle and kind, and having spent 
 some time with them, LaSalle determined to erect another fort in that 
 place, for he had heard rumors that some of the adjoining tribes were 
 trying to disturb the good feeling which existed, and some of his men 
 were disposed to complain, owing to the hardships and perils of the travel,. 
 He called this fort " Crevecoeur'"' (broken-heart), a name expressive of the 
 very natural sorrow and anxiety which the pretty certain loss of his ship, 
 Griffin, and his consequent impoverishment, the danger of hostility on the 
 part of the Indians, and of mutiny among his own men, might well cause 
 him. His fears were not entirely groundless. At one time poison was 
 placed in his food, but fortunately was discovered. 
 
 While building this fort, the Winter wore away, the prairies began to 
 look green, and LaSalle, despairing of any reinforcements, concluded to 
 return to Canada, raise new means and new men, and embark anew in 
 the enterprise. For this purpose he made Hennepin the leader of a party 
 to explore the head waters of the Mississippi, and he set out on his jour- 
 ney. This journey was accomplished with the aid of a few persons, and 
 was successfully made, though over an almost u )known route, and in a 
 bad season of the year. He safely reach'id Cana ia, and set out again for 
 the object of his search. 
 
 Hennepin and his party left Fort Crevecceur on the last of February, 
 1680. When LaSalle reached this place on his return expedition, he 
 found the fort entirely deserted, and he was obliged to return again to 
 Canada. He embarked the third time, and succeeded. Seven days after 
 leaving the fort, Hennepin reached the Mississippi, and paddling up the 
 icy stream as best he could, reached no higher than the Wisconsin River 
 by the 11th of April. Here he and his followers were taken prisoners by a 
 band of Northern Indians, who treated them with great kindness. Hen- 
 nepin's comrades were Anthony Auguel and Michael Ako. On this voy- 
 age they found several beautiful lakes, and "saw some charming prairies." 
 Their captors were the Isaute or Sauteurs, Chippewas, a tribe of the Sioux 
 nation, who took them up the river until about the first of May, when 
 they reached some falls, which Hennepin christened Falls of St. Anthony 
 
26 
 
 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 in honor of his patron j?aint. Here they took the land, and traveling 
 nearly two hundred miles to the nortliwest, brought them to their villages. 
 Here they were kept about three months, were treated kindly by their 
 captors, and at the end of that time, were met by a band of Frenchmen, 
 
 K^^ j^-^\ -.sj. ^'^ 
 
 BUFFALO HUNT. 
 
 headed by one Seur de Luth, who, in pursuit of trade and game, had pene 
 crated thus far by the route of Lake Superior; and with these fellow- 
 countrymen Hennepin and liis companions were allowed to return to the 
 borders of civilized life in November, 1680, just after LaSalle had 
 returned to the wilderness on his second trip. Hennepin soon after went 
 to France, where he pul.lished an account of his adventures. 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 2T 
 
 The Mississippi was first discovered by De Soto in April, 1541, in his 
 vain endeavor to find gold and precious gems. In the following Spring, 
 De Soto, weary with hope long deferred, and worn out with his wander- 
 ings, he fell a victim to disease, and on the 21st of May died. His followers, 
 reduced by fatigue and disease to less than three hundred men, wandered 
 about the country nearly a year, in the vain endeavor to rescue them- 
 selves by land, and finally constructed seven small vessels, called bi'igan- 
 tines, in which they embarked, and descending the river, supposing it 
 would lead them to the sea, in July they came to the sea (Gulf of 
 Mexico), and by September reached the Island of Cuba. 
 
 They were the first to see the great outlet of the Mississippi ; but, 
 being so weary and discouraged, made no attempt to claim the country, 
 and hardly had an intelligent idea of what they had passed through. 
 
 To La Salle, the intrepid explorer, belongs the honor of giving the 
 first account of the mouths of the river. His great desire was to possess 
 this entire country for his king, and in January, 1682, he and his band of 
 explorers left the shores of Lake Michigan on their third attempt, crossed 
 the portage, passed down the Illinois River, and on the 6th of February, 
 reached the banks of the Mississippi. 
 
 On the 13th they commenced their downward course, which they 
 pursued with but one interruption, until upon the 6th of March they dis- 
 covered the three great passages b}^ whicliJLh'e river discharges its waters 
 into die gulf. La Salle thus narrates the^ent: 
 
 " We landed on the bank of the niosy western channel, about three 
 leagues (nine miles) from its mouth. O^the seventh, M. de LaSalle 
 went to reconnoiter the shores of the iieig%feoring sea, and M. de Tonti 
 meanwhile examined the great middle channel. They found the main 
 outlets beautiful, large and deep. On the 8th we reascended the river, a 
 little above its confluence with the sea, to find a dry place beyond the 
 reach of inundations. The elevation of the North Pole was here about 
 twenty-seven degrees. Here we prepared a column and a cross, and to 
 the colui^in were affixed the arms of France -with this inscription : 
 
 Louis Le Grand, Roi De France et de Navarre, regne ; Le neuvieme Avril, 16S2. 
 
 The whole party, under arms, chanted the Te Deum, and then, after 
 a salute and cries of " Vive le Roi'' the column was erected by M. de 
 La Salle, who, standing near it, proclaimed in a loud voice the authority of 
 the King of France. LaSalle returned and laid the foundations of the Mis- 
 sissippi settlements in Illinois, thence he proceeded to France, where 
 another expedition was fitted out, of which he Avas commander, and in two 
 succeeding voyages failed to find the outlet of the river by sailing along 
 the shore of the gulf. On his third vovage he was killed, through the 
 
28 
 
 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 treachery of liis followers, and the object of his expeditions was not 
 accomplislied until 1699, when D'Iberville, under the authority of the 
 crown, discovered, on the second of March, by way of the sea, the mouth 
 of the " Hidden River." This majestic stream was called by the natives 
 '•'' Malhouchla^'''' and l)y the Spaniards, ^'la Palissade,'" from the great 
 
 TRAPPING. 
 
 number of trees about its mouth. After traversing the several outlets, 
 and satisfying liimself as to its certainty, he erected a fort near its western 
 outlet, and returned to France. 
 
 An avenue of trade Avas now opened out -which was fidly improved. 
 In 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some European colo- 
 nists. In 17 G2, the colony was made over to Spain, to be regained by 
 France under the consulate of Napoleon. In 1803, it Avas purchased by 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 29 
 
 the United States for the sum of fifteen million dollars, and the territory 
 of Louisiana and commerce of the Mississippi River came under the 
 charge of the United States. Although LaSalle's labors ended in defeat 
 and death, he had not worked and suffered in vain. He had thrown 
 open to France and the world an immense and most valuable country ; 
 had established several ports, and laid the foundations of more than one 
 settlement there. " Peoria, Kaskaskia and Cahokia, are to this day monu- 
 ments of LaSalle's labors ; for, though he had founded neither of them 
 (unless Peoria, which was built nearly upon the site of Fort Crevecoeur,) 
 it was by those whom he led into the West that these places were 
 peopled and civilized. He was, if not the discoverer, the first settler of 
 the Mississippi Valley, and as such deserves to be known and honored." 
 
 The French early improved the opening made for them. Before the 
 year 1698, the Rev. Father Gravier began a mission among the Illinois, 
 and founded Kaskaskia. For some time this was merely a missionary 
 station, where none but natives resided, it being one of three such vil- 
 lages, the other two being Caho^iia and Peoria. What is known of 
 these missions is learned from a letter written by Father Gabriel Marest, 
 dated " Aux Cascaskias, autrement dit de I'lmmaculate Conception de 
 la Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembre, 1712." Soon after the founding of 
 Kaskaskia, the missionary, Pinet, gathered a flock at Cahokia, while 
 Peoria arose near the ruins of Foi"t Crevecoeur. This must have been 
 about the year 1700. The post at Vincennes on the Oubache river, 
 (pronounced Wa-ba, meaning summer cloud movim/ swiftly^ was estab- 
 lished in 1702, according to the best authorities.* It is altogether prob- 
 able that on LaSalle's last trip he established the stations at Kaskaskia 
 and Cahokia. In July, 1701, the foundations of Fort Ponchartrain 
 were laid by De la Motte Cadillac on the Detroit River. These sta- 
 tions, with those established further north, were the earliest attempts to 
 occupy the Northwest Territory. At the same time efforts were being 
 made to occupy the Southwest, which finally culminated in the settle- 
 ment and founding of the City of New Orleans by a colony from England 
 in 1718. This was mainly accomplished thi'ough the efforts of the 
 famous Mississippi Company, established by the notorious John Law, 
 who so quickly arose into prominence in France, and who with his 
 scheme so quickly and so ignominiously passed away. 
 
 From the time of the founding of these stations for fifty years the 
 French nation were engrossed with the settlement of the lower Missis- 
 sippi, and the war with the Chicasaws, who had, in revenge for repeated 
 
 * There is considerable dispute about tliis date, some assevting it was founded as late as 1742. 'Wlj''n 
 tlie new Court house at Vincennes was erected, all authorities o:i t'.ie su'.jjaet were carefully examined, and 
 'V02 fixed upon as the correct date. It was accordingly engraved on tlie corner-stone of the court liouse. 
 
30 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 injuries, cut off the entire colony at Natchez. Although the company 
 did little for Louisiana, as the entire West was then called, yet it opened 
 tlic trade through the Mississippi River, and started the raising of grains 
 indigenous to that climate. Until the year 1750, but little is known of 
 the settlements in the Northwest, as it was not until this time that the 
 attention of the English was called to the occupation of this portion of the 
 New World, which they then supposed they owned. Vivier, a missionary 
 among the Illinois, writing from " Aux Illinois," six leagues from Fort 
 Chartres, June 8, 1750, saj-s : "We have here whites, negroes and 
 Indians, to say nothing of cross-breeds. There are five French villages, 
 and three villages of the natives, within a space of twentj'-one leagues 
 situated between the Mississippi and another river called the Karkadaid 
 (Kaskaskias). In the five French villages are, i)erhaps, eleven hundred 
 whites, three hundred blacks and some sixty red slaves or savages. The 
 three Illinois towns do not contain more than eight hundred souls all 
 told. Most of the Fi;encli till the soil; they raise wheat, cattle, pigs and 
 horses, and live like princes. Three times as much is produced as can 
 be consumed; and great quantities of grain and flour are sent to New 
 Orleans." This city was now the seaport town of the Northwest, and 
 save in the extreme northern part, where only furs and copper ore were 
 found, almost all the products of the country found their way to France 
 by the mouth of the Father of Waters. In another letter, dated Novem- 
 ber 7, 1750, this same priest says : " For fifteen leagues above the 
 mouth of the MississiiDpi one sees no dwellings, the ground being too low 
 to be habitable. Thence to New Orleans, the lands are only partially 
 occupied. New Orleans contains black, white and red, not more, I 
 think, than twelve hundred persons. To this point come all lumber, 
 bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins and bear's grease ; and above all, pork 
 and flour from the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as forty 
 vessels and more have come hither this year. Above New Orleans, 
 plantations are again met with ; the most considerable is a colony of 
 Germans, some ten leagues up the river. At Point Coupee, thirty-five 
 leagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, within five 
 or six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues farther 
 up is the Natchez post, where we have a garrison, who are kept prisoners 
 through fear of tlie Chickasaws. Here and at Point Coupee, they raise 
 excellent tobacco. Another hundred lea'j^ues brings us to the Arkansas, 
 where we have also a fort and a garrison for the benefit of the river 
 traders. * * * From the Arkansas to the Illinois, nearly five hundred 
 leagues, there is not a settlement. There should be, however, a fort at 
 the Oubache (Ohio), the only path by which the English can reach the 
 Mississippi. In the Illinois country are numberless mines, but no one to 
 
THE NORTHWEST \ TERRITORY. 
 
 31 
 
 work them as they deserve." Father yflarest, writing from tlie post at 
 Vincennes in 181 2, makes the same observation. Vivier also says : " Some 
 individuals dig lead near the surface and supply the Indians and Canada. 
 Two Spaniards now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines are 
 like those of Mexico, and that if we would dig deeper, we should find 
 silver under the lead ; and at any rate the lead is excellent. There is also 
 in this countr}', beyond doubt, copper ore, as from time to time large 
 pieces are found in the streams." 
 
 MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 At the close of the year 1750, the French occupied, in addition to the 
 lower Mississippi posts and those in Illinois, one at Du Quesne, one at 
 the Mauinee in the country of the Miamis, and one at Sandusky in what 
 may be termed the Ohio Valley. In the northern part of the Northwest 
 they had stations at St. Joseph's on the St. Joseph's of Lake Michigan, 
 at Fort Ponchartrain (Detroit), at Michillimackanac or Massillimacanac, 
 Fox River of Green Bay, and at Sault Ste. Marie. The fondest dreams of 
 LaSalle were now fully realized. The French alone were possessors of 
 this vast realm, basing their claim on discovery and settlement. Another 
 nation, however, was now turning its attention to this extensive country, 
 
32 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY 
 
 J 
 
 and hearing of its wealth, begar|[^,to lay plans for occupying it and for 
 securing the great profits arising ^herefrom. 
 
 The French, however, had another claim to this country, namely, the 
 
 DISCOVERY OF THE OHIO. 
 
 This " Beautiful " river was discovered by Robert Cavalier de La- 
 Salle in 1669, four years before the discovery of the Mississippi by Joliet 
 and Marquette. 
 
 Wliile LaSalle was at his trading post on the St. Lawrence, he found 
 leisure to study nine Indian dialects, the chief of which was the Iroquois. 
 He not only desired to facilitate his intercourse in trade, but he longed 
 to travel and explore the unknown regions of the West. An incident 
 soon occurred which decided him to fit out an exploring expedition. 
 
 While conversing with some Senecas, he learned of a river called the 
 Ohio, which rose in their country and flowed to the sea, but at such a 
 distance that it required eight months to reach its mouth. In this state- 
 ment the Mississippi and its tributaries were considered as one stream. 
 LaSalle believing, as most of the French at that period did, that the great 
 rivers flowing west emptied into the Sea of California, was anxious to 
 embark in the enterprise of discovering a route across the continent to 
 the commerce of China and Japan. 
 
 He repaired at once to Quebec to obtain the approval of the Gov- 
 ernor. His eloquent appeal prevailed. The Governor and the Intendant, 
 Talon, issued letters patent authorizing the enterprise, but made no pro- 
 vision to defray tlie expenses. At this juncture the seminary of St. Sul- 
 pice decided to send out missionaries in connection with the expedition, 
 and LaSalle offering to sell his improvements at LaChine to raise money, 
 the offer was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand eight hundred 
 dollars were raised, with which LaSalle purchased four canoes and the 
 necessary supplies for the outfit. 
 
 On the 6th of July, 1660, the party, numbering twenty-four persons, 
 embarked in seven canoes on the St. Lawrence ; two additional canoes 
 carried the Indian guides. In three days they were gliding over the 
 bosom of Lake Ontario. Their guides conducted them directly to the 
 Seneca village on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present 
 City of Rochester, New York. Here they expected to procure guides to 
 conduct them to the Ohio, but in this they were disappointed. 
 
 The Indians seemed unfriendly to the enterprise. LaSalle suspected 
 that the Jesuits had prejudiced their minds against his plans. After 
 waiting a month in the hope of gaining their object, they met an Indian 
 
THE NORTHAVEST TERRITORY. 
 
 3^ 
 
 from the Iroquois colony at the head of Lake Ontario, who assured them 
 that they could there find guides, and offered to conduct them thence. 
 
 On their way they passed the mouth of the Niagara River, Avhen they 
 heard for the first time the distant thunder of the cataract. Arriving 
 
 iiion BraoGE, lake bluff, lake county, Illinois. 
 
 among the Iroquois, they met witli a friendly reception, and learned 
 from a Shawanee prisoner that they could reach tlie Ohio in six weeks. 
 Delighted with the unexpected good fortune, they made ready to resume 
 their journey ; but just as they were about to start they heard of the 
 arrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them proved 
 to be Louis Joliet, afterwards famous as an explorer in the West. Ea 
 
•U THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 had been sent by the Canadian Government to explore the cojiper mines 
 on Lake Superior, but had failed, and was on his way back to Quebec. 
 He gave the missionaries a map of the country he had explored in the 
 lake region, together with an account of the condition of the Indians in 
 that quarter. This induced the priests to determine on leaving the 
 expedition and going to Lake Superior. LaSalle warned them that the 
 Jesuits were probably occupying that field, and that they would meet 
 with a cold reception. Nevertheless they persisted in their purpose, and 
 after worship on the lake shore, parted from LaSalle. On arriving at 
 Lake Superior, they found, as LaSalle had predicted, the Jesuit Fathers, 
 Marquette and Dablon, occupying the field. 
 
 These zealous disciples of Loyola informed them that they wanted 
 no assistance from St. Sulpice, nor from those who made him their patron 
 saint; and thus repulsed, they returned to Montreal the following June 
 without having made a single discovery or converted a single Indian. 
 
 After parting with the priests, LaSalle went to the chief Iroquois 
 village at Onondaga, where he obtained guides, and passing thence to a 
 tributary of the Ohio south of Lake Erie, he descended the latter as far 
 as the falls at Louisville. Thus was the Ohio discovered by LaSalle, the 
 persevering and successful French explorer of the West, in 1669. 
 
 The account of the latter part of his journey is found in an anony- 
 mous paper, which pui])orts to have been taken from the lips of LaSalle 
 himself during a subsequent visit to Paris. In a letter written to Count 
 Frontenac in 1667, shortly after the discovery, he himself says that he 
 discovered the Ohio and descended it to the falls. This was regarded as 
 an indisputable fact by the French authorities, who claimed the Ohio 
 Valley upon another ground. When Washington was sent by the colony 
 of Virginia in 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French 
 had built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty commandant at Quebec 
 replied: " AVe claim the country on tiie Ohio by virtue of the discoveries 
 of LaSalle, and will not give it up to the English. Our orders are to 
 make prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio Valley." 
 
 ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 When the new year of 1750 broke in upon the Father of Waters 
 and the Great Northwest, all was still wild save at t^he French posts 
 already described. In 1749, when the English first began to think seri- 
 ously about sending men into the West, the greater portion of the States 
 of Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet 
 under the dominion of the red men. The English knew, however, pretty 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 35 
 
 conclusively of the nature of the wealth of these wilds. As early as 
 1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had commenced movements to 
 secure the country west of the Alleghenies to the English crown. In 
 Pennsylvania, Governor Keith and James Logan, secretary of the prov- 
 ince, from 1719 to 1731, represented to the powers of England the neces- 
 sity of securing- the Western lands. Nothing was done, however, by that 
 power save to take some diplomatic steps to secure the claims of Britain 
 to this unexplored wilderness. 
 
 England had from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
 on the ground that the discovery of the seacoast and its possession was a 
 discovery and possession of the country, and, as is well known, her grants 
 to the colonies extended " from sea to sea." This was not all her claim. 
 She had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This lat- 
 ter was also a strong argument. As early as 1684, Lord H oward, Gov- 
 ernor of Virginia, held a treaty with the six nations. These were the 
 great Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, Onei- 
 das, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterward the Tuscaroras Avere 
 taken into the confederacy, and it became known as the Six Nations. 
 They came under the protection of the mother country, and again in 
 1701, they repeated the agreement, and in September, 1726, a formal deed 
 was drawn up and signed by the chiefs. The validity of this claim has 
 often been disputed, but never successfully. In 1741, a purchase was 
 made at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, of certain lands within the " Colony of 
 Virginia," for which the Indians received <£200 in gold and a like sum in 
 goods, with a promise that, as settlements increased, more should be paid. 
 The Commissioners from Virginia were Colonel Thomas Lee and Colonel 
 William Beverly. As settlements extended, the promise of more pay was 
 called to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the mountains with 
 presents to appease the savages. Col. Lee, and some Virginians accompa- 
 nied him with the intention of sounding the Indians upon their feelings 
 regarding the English. They were not satisfied with their treatment, 
 and plainly told the Commissioners why. The English did not desire the 
 cultivation of the country, but the monopoly of the Indian trade. In 
 1748, the Ohio Company was formed, and petitioned the king for a grant 
 of land beyond the Alleghenies. This was granted, and the government 
 of Virginia was ordered to grant to them a half million acres, two hun- 
 dred thousand of which were to be located at once. Upon the 12th of 
 June, 1749, 800,000 acres from the line of Canada north and west was 
 made to the Loyal Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, 100,000 
 acres were given to the Greenbriar Company. All this time the French 
 were not idle. They saw that, should the British gain a foothold in the 
 West, especially upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent the French 
 
36 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 settling upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts and so gain 
 possession of the whole country. Upon the 10th of Ma}', 1774, Vaud- 
 reuil. Governor of Canada and the f'rench possessions, well knowing the 
 consequences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading 
 posts in the Northwest, seized some of their frontier posts, and to further 
 secure the claim of the French to the West, he, in 1749, sent Louis Cel- 
 eron with a party of soldiers to plant along the Ohio River, in the mounds 
 and at the mouths of its principal tributaries, j)lates of lead, on which 
 were inscribed the claims of France. These were heard of in 1752, and 
 within the memory of residents now living along the " Oyo," as the 
 beautiful river was called by the French. One of these plates was found 
 with the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August 16, 1749, and 
 a copy of the inscription with particular account of the discover}- of the 
 plate, was sent by DeWitt Clinton to the American Antiquarian Society, 
 among whose journals it may now be found.* These measures did not, 
 however, deter tlie English from going on with their explorations, and 
 though neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and 
 it was only a question of time when the storm would burst upon the 
 frontier settlements. In 1750, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio 
 Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwees, 
 on the Miami, about one hundred and fifty miles above its mouth. He 
 afterward spoke of it as very populous; From there he went down 
 the Ohio River nearly to the falls at the present City of Louisville, 
 and in November he commenced a survey of tlie Company's lands. Dur- 
 ing the Winter, General Andrew Lewis performed a similar work for the 
 Greenbriar Company. Meanwhile the French were busy in preparing 
 their forts for defense, and in opening roads, and also sent a small party 
 of soldiers to keep the Ohio clear. This party, having heard of the Eng- 
 lish post on the Miami River, early in 1652, assisted by the Ottawas and 
 Chippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of 
 the natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison. 
 (They were probably garrisoned in a block house). The traders were 
 carried away to Canada, and one account says several ^Yere burned. This 
 fort or post was called by the English Pickawillany. A memorial of the 
 king's ministers refers to it as " Pickawillanes, in the center of the terri- 
 tory between the Ohio and the Wabash. The name is probably some 
 variation of Pickaway or Picqua in 1778, written by Rev. David Jones 
 Pickaweke." 
 
 ■* The following Is a translation of the inscription on tlie plate: "In the year 1749, reign of Louis XV., 
 King of France, we, Celeron, commandant of a detachment by Monsieur the Marquis of Gallisoniere, coin- 
 mander-in-diief of New France, to establish tranquility in certain Indian villages of these cantons, have 
 buried this plate at the confluence of the Toradakoin, tliis twenty-ninth of July, near the river Ohio, otherwise 
 Beautiful River, as a monument of renewal of possession which we have taken of the said river, and all its 
 tributaries; inasmuch as the preceding Kings of France have enjoyed it, and maintained it by their arms and 
 treaties; especially by those of Ryswick, Utrecht, and Aix LaChapelle." 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITOEY. 3T 
 
 This was the first blood shed between the French and English, and 
 occurred near the present City of Piqua, Ohio, or at least at a point about 
 forty-seven miles north of Dayton. Each nation became now more inter- 
 ested in the progress of events in the Northwest. The English deter- 
 mined to purchase from the Indians a title to the lands they wished to 
 occupy, and Messrs. Fry (afterward Commander-in-chief over Washing- 
 ton at the commencement of the French War of 1775-1763), Lomax and 
 Patton were sent in the Spring of 1752 to hold a conference with the 
 natives at Logstown to learn what they objected to in the treaty of Lan- 
 caster already noticed, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9th of June, 
 these Commissioners met the red men at Logstown, a little village on the 
 north bank of the Ohio, about seventeen miles below the site of Pitts- 
 burgh. Here had been a trading point for many years, but it was aban- 
 doned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize 
 the treaty of Lancaster, but, the Commissioners taking aside Montour, 
 the interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catharine Montour, and a 
 chief among the six nations, induced him to use his influence in their 
 favor. This he did, and upon the loth of June they all united in signing 
 a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its full extent, consenting to a 
 settlement of the southeast of the Ohio, and guaranteeing that it should 
 not be disturbed by them. These were the means used to obtain the first 
 treaty with the Indians in the Ohio Valle3^ 
 
 Meanwhile tl>e powers beyond the sea were trying to out-manoeuvre 
 each other, and were professing to be at peace. The English generally 
 outwitted the Indians, and failed in man}^ instances to fulfill their con- 
 tracts. They thereby gained the ill-will of tlie red men, and further 
 increased the feeling by failing to provide them with arms and ammuni- 
 tion. Said an old chief, at Easton, in 1758: " The Indians on the Ohio 
 left you because of your own fault. When we heard the French were 
 coming, we asked you for help and arms, but we did not get them. The 
 French came, they treated us kindly, and gained our affections. The 
 Governor of Virginia settled on our lands for his own benefit, and, when 
 we wanted help, forsook us."' 
 
 At the beginning of 1653, the English thought they had secured by 
 title the lands in the West, but the French had quietly gathered cannon 
 and military stores to be in readiness for the expected blow. The Eng- 
 lish made other attempts to ratify these existing treaties, but not until 
 the Summer could the Indians be gathered together to discuss the plans 
 of the French. They had sent messages to the French, warning them 
 away ; but they replied that they intended to complete the chain of forts 
 already begun, and would not abandon the field. 
 
 Soon after this, no satisfaction being obtained from the Ohio regard- 
 
38 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 ing the positions and purposes of the French, Governor Dinwiddie of 
 Virginia determined to send to them another messenger and learn from 
 them, if possible, their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young- 
 man, a surveyor, who, at the early age of nineteen, had received the rank 
 of major, and who was thoroughly posted regarding frontier life. This 
 personage was no other than the illustrious George Washington, wlio then 
 held considerable interest in Western lands. He was at this time just 
 twenty-two years of age. Taking Gist as his guide, the two, accompanied 
 by four servitors, set out on their perilous march. They left Will's 
 Creek on the 10th of November, 1753, and on the 22d reached the Monon- 
 gahela, about ten miles above the fork. From there they went ta 
 Logstown, where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of 
 the Six Nations. From them he learned the condition of the French, and 
 also heard of their determination not to come down the river till the fol- 
 lowing Spring. The Indians were non-committal, as they were afraid to 
 turn either way, and, as far as they could, desired to remain neutral.. 
 Washington, finding nothing could be done with them, went on to 
 Venango, an old Indian town at the mouth of French Creek. Here the 
 French had a fort, called Fort Machault. Through the rum and flattery- 
 of the French, he nearly lost all his Indian followers. Finding nothing- 
 of importance here, he j)ursued his way amid great privations, and on the 
 11th of December reached the fort at the head of French Creek. Here 
 he delivered Governor Dinwiddle's letter, received his answer, took his- 
 observations, and on the 16th set out upon his return journey with no one 
 but Gist, his guide, and a few Indians who still remained true to him» 
 notwithstanding the endeavors of the French to retain them. Their 
 homeward journey was one of great peril and suffering from the cold, yet 
 they reached home in safety on the 6th of January, 1754. 
 
 From the letter of St. Pierre, commander of the French fort, sent by 
 Washington to Governor Dinwiddie, it was learned that the French would 
 not give up without a struggle. Active preparations were at once made 
 in all the English colonies for the coming conflict, while the French 
 finished the fort at Venango and strengthened their lines of fortifications, 
 and gathered their forces to be in readiness. 
 
 The Oki Dominion was all alive. Virginia was the center of great 
 activities ; volunteers were called for, and from all the neighboring 
 colonies men rallied to the conflict, and everywliere along the Potomac 
 men were enlisting under the Governor's proclamation — which promised 
 two hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along this river they were 
 gathering as far as Will's Creek, and far beyond this point, whither Trent 
 had come for assistance for his little band of forty-one men, who were 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 39 
 
 working away in hunger and want, to fortify that point at the fork of 
 the Ohio, to which both parties were looking with deep interest. 
 
 " The first birds of Spring filled the air with their song ; the swift 
 river rolled by the Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of 
 Spring and th^ April showers. The leaves were appearing ; a few Indian 
 scouts were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand ; and all was so quiet, 
 that Frazier, an old Indian scout and trader, who had been left by Trent 
 in command, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten 
 miles up the Monongahela. But, though all was so quiet in that wilder- 
 ness, keen eyes had seen the low intrenchnient rising at the fork, and 
 swift feet had borne the news of it up the river ; and upon the morning 
 of the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw 
 upon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink — sixty batteaux and 
 three hundred canoes filled with men, and laden* deep with cannon and 
 stores. * * * That evening he supped with his captor, Contrecoeur, 
 and the next day he was bowed off by the Frenchman, and with his men 
 and tools, marched up the Monongahela." 
 
 The French and Indian war had begun. The treaty of Aix la 
 Chapelle, in 1748, had left the boundaries between the French and 
 English possessions unsettled, and the events already narrated show the 
 French were determined to hold the country watered by the Mississippi 
 and its tributaries ; while the English laid claims to the country by virtue 
 of the discoveries of the Cabots, and claimed all the country from New- 
 foundland to Florida, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The 
 first decisive blow had now been struck, and the first attempt of the 
 English, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands, had resulted 
 disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed 
 the fortifications begun at the Fork, which they had so easily captured, 
 and when completed gave to the fort the name of DuQuesne. Washing- 
 ton was at Will's Creek when the news of the capture of the fort arrived. 
 He at once departed to recapture it. On his way he entrenched him- 
 self at a place called the " Meadows," where he erected a fort called 
 by him Fort Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of 
 French and Indians marching against him, but was soon after attacked 
 in his fort by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the 
 morning of July 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia. 
 
 The English Government immediately planned four campaigns ; one 
 against Fort DuQuesne ; one against Nova Scotia ; one against Fort 
 Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6, 
 and were not successful in driving the French from their possessions. 
 The expedition against Fort DuQuesne was led by the famous General 
 Braddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those 
 
40 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 acquainted with Indian warfare, suffered such an inglorious defeat. Tliis 
 occurred on the morning of Jul}^ 9th, and is generally known as the battle 
 of Monongahela, or " Braddock's Defeat." The war continued with 
 various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7 ; when, at the commence- 
 ment of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then Secre- 
 tary of State, afterwards Lord Chatham, active preparations were made to 
 carry on the war. Three expeditious were planned for this year : one, 
 under General Amherst, against Louisburg ; another, under Abercrombie, 
 against Fort Ticonderoga ; and a third, under General Forbes, against 
 Fort DuQuesne. On the 26th of July, Louisburg surrendered after a 
 desperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern p^'t of the 
 Canadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie 
 captured Fort Frontenac, and when the expedition against Fort DuQuesne, 
 of which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was 
 found in flames and deserted. The English at once took possession, 
 rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illustrious statesman, changed the 
 name to Fort Pitt. 
 
 The great object of the campaign of 1759, was the reduction of 
 Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec ; Amherst was to 
 reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and General Prideaux was to 
 capture Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant 
 Prideaux lost his life in the attempt. Amherst captured Ticonderoga 
 and Crown Point without a blow ; and Wolfe, after making the memor- 
 able ascent to the Plains of Abraham, on September 13th, defeated 
 Montcahn, and on the 18th, the city capitulated. In this engagement 
 Montcolm and Wolfe both lost their lives. De Levi, Montcalm's successor, 
 marched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with the purpose of 
 defeating the English, and there, on the 28th of the following April, was 
 fought one of the bloodiest battles of the French and Indian War. It 
 resulted in the defeat of the French, and the fall of the City of Montreal. 
 The Governor signed a capitulation by which the whole of Canada was 
 surrendered to the English. This practically concluded the war, but it 
 was not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and England 
 were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and 
 under its provisions all the country east of the Mississippi and north of 
 the Iberville River, in Louisiana, were ceded to England. At the same 
 time Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. 
 
 On the 13th of September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was sent 
 from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only remaining French post 
 in the territory. He arrived there on the 19th of November, and sum- 
 moned the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post, 
 BeletrC; refused, but on the 29th, hearing of the continued defeat of the 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 41 
 
 French arms, surrendered. Rogers remained there until December 23d 
 under the personal protection of the celebrated chief, Pontiac, to whom, 
 no doubt, he owed his safety. Pontiac had come here to inquire the 
 purposes of the English in taking possession of the country. He was 
 assured that they came simply to trade with the natives, and did not 
 desire their country. This answer conciliated the savages, and did much 
 to insure the safety of Rogers and his party during their stay, and while 
 on their journey home. 
 
 Rogers set out for Fort Pitt on December 23, and was just one 
 month on the way. His route was from Detroit to Maumee, thence 
 across the present State of Ohio directly to the fort. This was the com- 
 mon trail of the Indians in their journeys from Sandusky to the fork of 
 the Ohio. It went from Fort Sandusky, where Sandusky City now is, 
 crossed the Huron river, then called Bald Eagle Creek, to " Mohickon 
 John's Town" on Mohickon Creek, the northern branch of White 
 Woman's River, and thence crossed to Beaver's Town, a Delaware town 
 on what is now Sandy Creek. At Beaver's Town were probably one 
 hundred and fifty warriors, and not less than three thousand acres of 
 cleared land. From there the track went up Sandy Creek to and across 
 Big Beaver, and up the Ohio to Logstown, thence on to the fork. 
 
 The Northwest Territory was now entirely under the English rule. 
 New settlements began to be rapidly made, and the promise of a large 
 trade was speedily manifested. Had the British carried out their promises 
 with the natives none of those savage butcheries would have been perpe- 
 trated, and the country would have been spared their recital. 
 
 The renowned chief, Pontiac, was one of the leading spirits in these 
 atrocities. We will now pause in our narrative, and notice the leading 
 events in his life. The earliest authentic information regarding this 
 noted Indian chief is learned from an account of an Indian trader named 
 Alexander Henry, who, in the Spring of 1761, penetrated his domains as 
 far as Missillimacnac. Pontiac was then a great friend of the French, 
 but a bitter foe of the English, whom he considered as encroaching on his 
 hunting grounds. Henry was obliged to disguise himself as a Canadian 
 to insure safety, but was discovered by Pontiac, who bitterly reproached 
 him and the English for their attempted subjugation of the West. He 
 declared that no treaty had been made with them ; no presents sent 
 them, and that he would resent any possession of the West by that nation. 
 He was at the time about fifty years of age, tall and dignified, and was 
 civil and military ruler of the Ottawas, Ojibwas and Pottawatamies. 
 
 The Indians, from Lake Michigan to the borders of North Carolina, 
 were united in this feeling, and at the time of the treaty of Paris, ratified 
 February 10, 1763, a general conspiracy was formed to fall suddenly 
 
42 
 
 THE NORTHWEST TEREITOKY. 
 
 PONTIAC, THE OTTAWA CHIEFTAIN. 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 43 
 
 upon tlie frontier British posts, and with one blow strike every man dead. 
 Pontiac was the marked leader in all this, and was the commander 
 of the Chippewas, Ottawas, Wyandots, Miamis, Shawanese, Delawares 
 and Mingoes, whohad, for the time, laid aside their local quarrels to unite 
 An this enterprise. 
 
 The blow came, as near as can now be ascertained, on May 7, 176-^. 
 Nine British posts fell, and the Indians drank, " scooped up in the hollow 
 of joined hands," the blood of many a Briton. 
 
 Pontiac's immediate field of action Avas the garrison at Detroit. 
 Here, however, the plans were frustrated by an Indian woman disclosing 
 the plot the evening previous to his arrival. Everything was carried out, 
 however, according to Pontiac's plans until the moment of action, when 
 Major Gladwyn, the commander of the post, stepping to one of the Indian 
 chiefs, suddenly drew aside his blanket and disclosed the concealed 
 musket. Pontiac, though a brave man, turned pale and trembled. He 
 •saw his plan was known, and that the garrison were prepared. He 
 endeavored to exculpate himself from any such intentions ; but the guilt 
 was evident, and he and his followers were dismissed with a severe 
 reprimand, and warned never to again enter the walls of the post. 
 
 Pontiac at once laid siege to the fort, and until the treaty of peace 
 between the British and the Western Indians, concluded in August, 1764, 
 continued to harass and besiege the fortress. He organized a regular 
 commissariat department, issued bills of credit written out on bark, 
 which, to his credit, it may be stated, were punctually redeemed. At 
 the conclusion of the treaty, in which it seems he took no part, he went 
 further south, living many years among the Illinois. 
 
 He had given up all hope of saving his country and race. After a 
 time he endeavored to unite the Illinois tribe and those about St. Louis 
 in a war with the whites. His efforts were fruitless, and only ended in a 
 quarrel between himself and some Kaskaskia Indians, one of whom soon 
 afterwards killed him. His death Avas, however, avenged by the northern 
 Indians, who nearly exterminated the Illinois in the wars which followed. 
 
 Had it not been for the treachery of a few of his followers, his plan 
 for the extermination of the whites, a masterly one, would undoubtedly 
 have been carried out. 
 
 It was in the Spring of the year following Rogers' visit that Alex- 
 ander Henry went to Missillimacnac, and everywhere found the strongest 
 feelings against the English, who had not carried out their promises, and 
 were doing nothing to conciliate the natives. Here he met the chief, 
 Pontiac, who, after conveying to him in a speech the idea that their 
 French father would awake soon and utterly destroy his enemies, said : 
 " Englishman, although you have conquered the French, 3'ou have not 
 
44 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 yet conquered us ! We are not your slaves! These lakes, these woods,, 
 these mountains, were left us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance, 
 and we will part with thera to none. Your nation supposes that we, like 
 the white people, can not live without bread and pork and beef. But you 
 ought to know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided 
 food for Tis upon these broad lakes and in these mountains." 
 
 He tlien spoke of the fact that no treaty had been made with them, 
 no presents sent them, and that he and his people were yet for war. 
 Such were the feelings of the Northwestern Indians immediately after 
 the English took possession of their country. These feelings were no 
 doubt encouraged by the Canadians and French, who hoped that yet the. 
 French arms might prevail. The treaty of Paris, however, gave to the 
 English the right to this vast domain, and active preparations were going 
 on to occupy it and enjoy its trade and emoluments. 
 
 In 1762, France, by a secret treat)'-, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to pre- 
 vent it falling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters 
 of the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fon- 
 tainl)leau, gave to the English the domain of the country in question. 
 Twenty years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States 
 and England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the Great 
 Lakes, comprehending a large territory which is the subject of these 
 sketches, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States ; and 
 twenty years still later, in 1803, Louisiana was ceded by Spain back to 
 France, and by France sold to the United States. 
 
 In the half centmy, from the building of the Fort of Crevecceur by 
 LaSalle, in 1680, up to the erection of Fort Chartres, many French set- 
 tlements had been made in that quarter. These have already been 
 noticed, being those at St. Vincent (Vincennes), Kohokia or Cahokia, 
 Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher, on the American Bottom, a large tract 
 of rich alluvial soil in Illinois, on the Mississippi, opposite the site of St» 
 Louis. 
 
 By the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including^ 
 all these and other towns of the Northwest, were given over to England; 
 but they do not appear to have been taken possession of until 1765, when 
 Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty of England, established him- 
 self at Fort Chartres bearing with him the proclamation of General Gage, 
 dated December 30, 1764, which promised religious freedom to all Cath- 
 olics who worshiped here, and a right to leave the country with their 
 effects if they wished, or to remain with the privileges of Englishmen. 
 It was shortly after the occupancy of the West by the British that the 
 war with Pontiac opened. It is already noticed in the sketch of that 
 chieftain- By it many a Briton lost his life, and many a frontier settle- 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 45 
 
 ment in its infancy ceased to exist. This was not ended until the year 
 1764, when, failing to capture Detroit, Niagara and Fort Pitt, liis confed- 
 eracy became disheartened, and, receiving no aid from the French, Pon- 
 tiac abandoned the enterprise and departed to the Illinois, among whom 
 lie afterward lost his life. 
 
 As soon as these difficulties were definitely settled, settlers began 
 rapidly to survey the country and prepare for occupation. During the 
 year 1770, a number of persons from Virginia and other British provinces 
 explored and marked out nearly all the valuable lands on the Mononga- 
 hela and along the banks of the Ohio as far as the Little Kanawha. This 
 was followed by another exploring expedition, in which George Washing- 
 ton was a party. The latter, accompanied by Dr.. Craik, Capt. Crawford 
 and others, on the 20th of October, 1770, descended the Ohio from Pitts- 
 burgh to the mouth of the Kanawha; ascended that stream about fourteen 
 miles, marked out several large tracts of land, shot several buffalo, which 
 were then abundant in the Ohio Valley, and returned to the fort. 
 
 Pittsburgh was at this time a trading post, about which was clus- 
 tered a village of some twenty houses, inhabited by Indian traders. This 
 same year, Capt. Pittman visited Kaskaskia and its neighboring villages. 
 He found there about sixty-five resident families, and at Cahokia only 
 forty-five dwellings. At Fort Chartres was another small settlement, and 
 at Detroit the garrison were quite prosperous and strong. For a year 
 or two settlers continued to locate near some of these posts, generally 
 Fort Pitt or Detroit, owing to the fears of the Indians, who still main- 
 tained some feelings of hatred to the English. The trade from the posts 
 was quite good, and from those in Illinois large quantities of pork and 
 flour found their way to the New Orleans market. At this time the 
 policy of the British Government was strongly opposed to the extension 
 of the colonies west. In 1763, the King of England forbade, by royal 
 proclamation, his colonial subjects from making a settlement beyond the 
 sources of the rivers which fall into the Atlantic Ocean. At the instance 
 of the Board of Trade, measures were taken to prevent the settlement 
 without the limits prescribed, and to retain the commerce within easy 
 reach of Great Britain. 
 
 The commander-in-chief of the king's forces wrote in 1769 : " In the 
 course of a few years necessity will compel the colonists, should they 
 extend their settlements west, to provide manufactures of some kind for 
 themselves, and when all connection upheld by commerce with the mother 
 country ceases, an independency in their government will soon follow."' 
 
 In accordance with this policy. Gov. Gage issued a proclamation 
 in 1772, commanding the inhabitants of Vincennes to abandon their set- 
 tlements and join some of the Eastern English colonies. To this they 
 
46 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 strenuously objected, giving good reasons therefor, and were allowed to 
 remain. The strong opposition to this policy of Great Britain led to its 
 change, and to such a course as to gain the attachment of the French 
 population. In December, 1773, influential citizens of Quebec petitioned 
 the king for an extension of the boundary lines of that province, which 
 was granted, and Parliament passed an act on June 2, 1774, extend- 
 ing the boundary so as to include the territory lying within the present 
 States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan. 
 
 In consequence of the liberal policy pursued by the British Govern- 
 ment toward the French settlers in the West, they were disposed to favor 
 that nation in the war which soon followed with the colonies ; but the 
 early alliance between France and America soon brought them to the side 
 of the war for independence. 
 
 In 1774, Gov. Dunmore, of Virginia, began to encourage emigration 
 to the Western lands. He appointed magistrates at Fort Pitt under the 
 pretense that the fort was under the government of that commonwealth. 
 One of these justices, John Connelly, who possessed a tract of land in the 
 Ohio Valley, gathered a force of men and garrisoned the fort, calling it 
 Fort Dunmore. This and other parties were formed to select sites for 
 settlements, and often came in conflict with the Indians, who yet claimed 
 portions of the valley, and several battles followed. These ended in the 
 famous battle of Kanawha in July, where the Indians were defeated and 
 driven across the Ohio. 
 
 During the years 1775 and 1776, by the operations of land companies 
 and the perseveranceof individuals, several settlements were firmly estab- 
 lished between the Alleghanies and the Ohio River, and western land 
 speculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. At a council held 
 in Kaskaskia on July 5, 1773, an association of English traders, calling 
 themselves the " Illinois Land Company," obtained from ten chiefs of the 
 Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on 
 the east side of the Mississippi River south of the Illinois. In 1775, a mer- 
 chant from the Illinois Country, named Viviat, came to Post Vincennes 
 as the agent of the association called the " Wabash Land Company." On 
 the 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piankeshaw chiefs, a deed for 
 37,497,600 acres of land. This deed was signed by the grantors, attested 
 by a number of the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in 
 the office of a notary public at Kaskaskia. This and other land com- 
 panies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West ; but all 
 were frustrated by the breaking out of the Revolution. On the 20th of 
 April, 1780, the two companies named consolidated under the name of the 
 " United Illinois and Wabash Land Company." They afterward made 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 47 
 
 strenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all 
 signally failed. 
 
 When the War of the Revolution commenced, Kentucky was an unor- 
 ganized country, though there were several settlements within her borders. 
 
 In Hutchins' Topography of Virginia, it is stated that at that time 
 " Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,000 white and black in- 
 habitants — the whites being a little the more numerous. Cahokia con- 
 tains 50 houses and 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There were 
 east of the Mississippi River, about the year 1771 " — when these observa- 
 tions were made — ^' 300 white men capable of bearing arms, and 230 
 negroes." 
 
 From 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and 
 nothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a report 
 made by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following 
 extract is made : 
 
 "Near the mouth of the River Kaskaskia, there is a village which 
 appears to have contained nearly eighty families from the beginning of 
 the late revolution. There are twelve families in a small village at la 
 Prairie du Rochers, and near fifty families at the Kahokia Village. There 
 are also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philips, which is five 
 miles further up the river." 
 
 St. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time con- 
 tained, including its neighboring towns, over six hundred whites and one 
 hundred and fifty negroes. It must be remembered that all the country 
 west of the Mississippi was now under French rule, and remained so until 
 ceded again to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the 
 country including New Orleans to the United States. At Detroit there 
 were, according to Capt. Carver, who was in the Northwest from 1766 to 
 1768, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more 
 than twenty miles, although poorly cultivated — the people being engaged 
 in the Indian trade. This old town has a history, which we will here 
 relate. 
 
 It is the oldest town in the Northwest, having been founded by 
 Antoine de Lamotte Cadillac, in 1701. It was laid out in the form of an 
 oblong square, of two acres in length, and an acre and a half in width. 
 As described by A. D. Frazer, who first visited it and became a permanent 
 resident of the place, in 1778, it comprised within its limits that space 
 between Mr. Palmer's store (Conant Block) and Capt. Perkins' house 
 (near the Arsenal building), and extended back as far as the public barn, 
 and was bordered in front by the Detroit River. It was surrounded by 
 oak and cedar pickets, about fifteen feet long, set in the ground, and had 
 four gates — east, west, north and south. Over the first three of these 
 
48 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 gates were block houses provided with four guns apiece, each a six- 
 pounder. Two six-gun batteries were planted fronting the river and in a 
 parallel direction with the block houses. There were four streets running 
 east and west, the main street being twenty feet wide and the rest fifteen 
 feet, while the four streets crossing these at right angles were from ten 
 to fifteen feet in width. 
 
 At the date spoken of by Mr. Frazer, there was no fort within the 
 enclosure, but a citadel on the ground corresponding to the present 
 northwest corner of Jefferson Avenue and Wayne Street. The citadel was 
 inclosed by pickets, and within it were erected barracks of wood, two 
 stories high, suflBcient to contain ten officers, and also barracks sufficient 
 to contain four hundred men, and a provision store built of brick. The 
 citadel also contained a hospital and guard-house. The old town of 
 Detroit, in 1778, contained about sixty houses, most of them one story, 
 with a few a story and a lialf in height. They were all of logs, some 
 hewn and some round. There was one building of splendid appearance, 
 called the " King's Palace," two stories high, which stood near the east 
 gate. It was built for Governor Hamilton, the first governor commissioned 
 by the British. There were two guard-houses, one near the west gate and 
 the other near the Government House. Each of the guards consisted of 
 twenty-four men and a subaltern, who mounted regularly every morning 
 between nine and ten o'clock, Each furnished four sentinels, who were 
 relieved every two hours. There was also an officer of the day, who p^*r- 
 formed strict duty. Each of the gates was shut regularly at sunset; 
 even wicket gates were shut at nine o'clock, and all the keys were 
 delivered into the hands of the commanding officer. They were opened 
 in the morning at sunrise. No Indian or squaw was permitted to enter 
 town with any weapon, such as a tomahawk or a knife. It was a stand- 
 ing order that the Indians should deliver their arms and instruments of 
 every kind before they were permitted to pass the sentinel, and they were 
 restored to them on their return. No more than twenty-five Indians were 
 allowed to enter the town at any one time, and they were admitted only 
 at the east and west gates. At sundown the drums beat, and all the 
 Indians were required to leave town instantly. There was a council house 
 near the water side for the purpose of holding council with the Indians. 
 The population of the town was al)out sixty families, in all about two 
 hundred males and one hundred females. This town was destroyed by 
 fire, all except one dwelling, in 1805. After which the present "■ new " 
 town was laid out. 
 
 On the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every post of 
 importance in the West. Kentucky was formed as a component part of 
 Virginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, alive to their interests, 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 49 
 
 and recognizing the great benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in 
 this part of the New World, held steadily to their purposes, and those 
 within the commonwealth of Kentucky proceeded to exercise their 
 civil privileges, by electing John Todd and Richard Gallaway, 
 burgesses to represent them in the Assembly of the parent state. 
 Early in September of that year (1777) the first court was held 
 in Harrodsburg, and Col. Bowman, afterwards major, who had arrived 
 in August, was made the commander of a militia organization which 
 had been commenced the March previous. Thus the tree of loyalty 
 was growing. The chief spirit in this far-out colony, who had represented 
 her the year previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move 
 unequaled in its boldness. He had been watching the movements of the 
 British throughout the Northwest, and understood their whole plan. Ht 
 saw it was through their possession of the posts at Detroit, Vincennes, 
 Kaskaskia, and other places, which would give them constant and easy 
 access to the various Indian tribes in the Northwest, that the British 
 intended to penetrate the country from the north and soutn, ana annihi- 
 late the frontier fortresses. This moving, energetic man was Colonel, 
 afterwards General, George Rogers Clark. Ho knew the Indians were not 
 unanimously in accord with the English, and he was convinced that, could 
 the British be defeated and expelled from the Northwest, the natives 
 might be easily awed into neutrality ; and by spies sent for the purpose, 
 he satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlements 
 might easily succeed. Having convinced himself of the certainty of the 
 project, he repaired to the Capital of Virginia, which place he reached on 
 November 5th. While he was on his way, fortunately, on October 17th, 
 Burgoyne had been defeated, and the spirits of the colonists greatly 
 encouraged thereby. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at 
 once entered heartily into Clark's plans. The same plan had before been 
 agitated in the Colonial Assemblies, but there was no one until Clark 
 came who was sufficiently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the 
 scene of action to be able to guide them. 
 
 Clark, having satisfied the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his 
 plan, received, on the 2d of January, two sets of instructions — one secret, 
 the other open — the latter authorized him to proceed to enlist seven 
 companies to go to Kentucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three 
 months from their arrival in the West. The secret order authorized him 
 to arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand 
 at Pittsburgh, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. 
 
 With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburgh, choosing rather 
 to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed 
 in the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Col. W. B. Smith to Hoi- 
 
50 TBE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 ston for the same purpose, but neither succeeded in raising the required 
 number of men. The settlers in these parts were afraid to leave their 
 own firesides exposed to a vigilant foe, and but few could be induced to 
 join the proposed expedition. With three companies and several private 
 volunteers, Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he 
 navigated as far as the Falls, where he took possession of and fortified 
 Corn Island, a small island between the present Cities of Louisville, 
 Kentucky, and New Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may 
 yet be found. At this place he appointed Col. Bowman to meet him 
 with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route, and 
 as many as could be spared from the station. Here he announced to 
 the men their real destination. Having completed his arrangements, 
 and chosen his party, he left a small garrison upon the island, and on the 
 24th of June, during a total eclipse of the sun, which to them augured 
 no good, and which fixes beyond dispute the date of starting, he with 
 his chosen band, fell down the river. His plan was to go by water as 
 far as Fort Massac or Massacre, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia. 
 Here he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its capture go to 
 Cahokia, then to Vincennes, and lastly to Detroit. Should he fail, he 
 intended to march directly to the Mississippi River and cross it into the 
 Spanish country. Before his start he received two good items of infor- 
 mation : one that the alliance had been formed between France and the 
 United States; and the other that the Indians throughout the Illinois 
 country and the inhabitants, at the various frontier posts, had been led to 
 believe by the British that the " Long Knives" or Virginians, were the 
 most fierce, bloodthirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With 
 this impression on their minds, Clark saw that proper management would 
 cause them to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from grati- 
 tude would become friendly if treated with unexpected leniency. 
 
 The march to Kaskaskia was accomplished through a hot July sun, 
 and the town reached on the evening of July 4. He captured the fort 
 near the village, and soon after the village itself by surprise, and without 
 the loss of a single man or b}^ killing any of the enemy. After sufficiently 
 working upon the fears of the natives, Clark told them they were at per- 
 fect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the 
 great conflict they would, also he would protect them from any barbarity 
 from British or Indian foe. This had the desired effect, and the inhab- 
 itants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully surprised by the unlooked 
 for turn of affairs, at once swore allegiance to the American arms, and 
 when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accom- 
 panied him, and through their influence the inhabitants of the place 
 surrendered, and gladly placed themselves under his protection. Thus 
 
THE NOUTHWEST TERRITORY. 51 
 
 the two important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the English 
 into the possession of Virginia. 
 
 In the person of the priest at Kaskaskia, M. Gibault, Clark found a 
 powerful ally and generous friend. Clark saw that, to retain possession 
 of tlte Northwest and treat successfully with the Indians within its boun- 
 daries, he must establish a government for the colonies he had taken, 
 tSt. Vincent, the next important post to Detroit,remained yet to be taken 
 before the Mississippi Valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that 
 he would alon.e, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connection 
 with England. Clark gladly accepted his offer, and on the 14th of July, 
 in company with a fellow-townsman, M. Gibault started on his mission of 
 peace, and on the 1st of August returned with the cheerful intelligence 
 that the post on the " Oubache " had taken the oath of allegiance to 
 the Old Dominion. During this interval, Clark established his courts, 
 placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, successfully re-enlisted his 
 men, sent word to have a fort, which proved the germ of Louisville, 
 erected at the Falls of the Ohio, and dispatched Mr. Rocheblave, who 
 had been commander at Kaskaskia, as a prisoner of war to Richmond. 
 In October the County of Illinois was established by the Legislature 
 of Virginia, John Todd appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Civil Governor, 
 and in November General Clark and his men received the thanks of 
 the Old Dominion through their Legislature. 
 
 In a speech a few days afterward, Clark made known fully to the 
 natives his plans, and at its close all came forward and swore alle- 
 giance to the Long Knives. While he was doing this Governor Hamilton, 
 having made his various arrangements, had left Detroit and moved down 
 the Wabash to Vincennes intending to operate from that point in reducing 
 the Illinois posts, and then proceed on down to Kentucky and drive the 
 rebels from the West. Gen. Chirk had, on the return of M. Gibault, 
 dispatched Captain Helm, of Fauquier County, Virginia, with an attend- 
 ant named Henry, across the Illinois prairies to command the fort. 
 Hamilton knew nothing of the capitulation of the post, and was greatly 
 surprised on his arrival to be confronted by Capt. Helm, who, standing at 
 the entrance of the fort by a loaded cannon ready to fire upon his assail- 
 ants, demanded upon what terms Hamilton demanded possession of tha 
 fort. Being granted the rights of a prisoner of w^ar, he surrendered to 
 the British General, who could scarcely believe his eyes when he saw the 
 force in the garrison. 
 
 Hamilton, not realizing the character of the men with whom he was 
 contending, gave up his intended campaign for the Winter, sent his four 
 Hundred Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the Ohio, 
 
52 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 and to annoy the Americans in all ways, and sat quietly down to pass the 
 Winter. Information of all these proceedings having reached Clark, he 
 saw that immediate and decisive action was necessary, and that unless 
 he captured Hamilton, Hamilton would capture him. Clark received the 
 news on the 29th of January, 1779, and on February 4th, having suffi- 
 ciently garrisoned Kaskaskia and Cahokia, he sent down the Mississippi 
 a " battoe," as Major Bowman writes it, in ord«r to ascend the Ohio and 
 Wabash, and operate with the land forces gathering for the fray. 
 
 On the next day, Clark, wdth his little force of one hundred and 
 twenty men, set out for the post, and after incredible hard marching 
 through much mud, the ground being thawed b}'^ the incessant spring 
 rains, on the 22d reached the fort, and being joined by his " battoe," at 
 once commenced the attack on the post. The aim of the American back- 
 woodsman was unerring, and on the 24th the garrison surrendered to the 
 intrepid boldness of Clark. The French were treated with great kind- 
 ness, and gladly renewed their allegiance to Virginia. Hamilton was 
 sent as a prisoner to Virginia, where he was kept in close confinement. 
 During his command of the British frontier posts, he had offered prizes 
 to the Indians for all the scalps of Americans they would bring to him, 
 and had earned in consequence thereof the title " Hair-buyer General," 
 by which he was ever afterward known. 
 
 Detroit was now without doubt within easy reach of the enterprising 
 Virginian, could he but raise the necessary force. Governor Henry being 
 apprised of this, promised him the needed reinforcement, and Clark con- 
 cluded to wait until he could capture and sufficiently garrison the posts. 
 Had Clark failed in this bold undertaking, and Hamilton succeeded in 
 uniting the western Indians for the next Spring's campaign, the West 
 would indeed have been swept from the Mississippi to the Allegheny 
 Mountains, and the great blow struck, which had been contemplated from 
 the commencement, by the British. 
 
 " But for this small army of dripping, but fearless Virginians, the 
 union of all the tribes from Georgia to Maine against the colonies might 
 have been effected, and the whole current of our history changed." 
 
 At this time some fears were entertained by the Colonial Govern- 
 ments that the Indians in the North and Northwest were inclining to the 
 British, and under the instructions of Washington, now Commander-in- 
 Chief of the Colonial army, and so bravelj^ fighting for American inde- 
 pendence, armed forces were sent against the Six Nations, and upon the 
 Ohio frontier, Col. Bowman, acting under the same general's orders, 
 marched against Indians within the present limits of that State. These 
 expeditions were in the main successful, and the Indians were compelled 
 to sue for peace. 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 53 
 
 During this same year (1779) the famous " Land Laws" of Virginia 
 were passed. The passage of these hiws was of more consequence to the 
 pioneers of Kentucky and the Northwest than the gaining of a few Indian 
 conflicts. These hiws confirmed in main all grants made, and guaranteed 
 to all actual settlers their rights and privileges. After providing for .the 
 settlers, the laws provided for selling the balance of the public lands at 
 fort}^ cents per acre. To carry the Land Laws into effect, the Legislature 
 sent four Virginians westward to attend to the various claims, over many 
 of which great confusion prevailed concerning their validity. These 
 gentlemen opened their court on October 13, 1779, at St. Asaphs, and 
 continued until April 26, 1780, when they adjourned, having decided 
 three thousand claims. They were succeeded by the surveyor, wh(; 
 came in the person of Mr. George May, and assumed his duties on the 
 10th day of the month whose name he bore. With the opening of the 
 next year (1780) the troubles concerning the navigation of the Missis- 
 sippi commenced. The Spanish Government exacted such measures in 
 relation to its trade as to cause the overtures made to the United States 
 to be rejected. The American Government considered they had a right 
 to navigate its channel. To enforce tlieir claims, a fort was erected below 
 the mouth of the Ohio on the Kentucky side of the river. The settle- 
 ments in Kentucky were being rapidly filled by emigrants. It was dur- 
 ing this year that the first seminary of learning was established in the 
 West in this young and enterprising Commonwealth. 
 
 The settlers here did not look upon the building of this fort in a 
 friendly manner, as it aroused the hostility of the Indians. Spain had 
 been friendly to the Colonies during their struggle for independence, 
 and though for a while this friendship appeared in danger from the 
 refusal of the free navigation of the river, yet it was finally settled to the 
 satisfaction of both nations. 
 
 The Winter of 1779-80 was one of the most unusually severe ones 
 ever experienced in the West. The Indians always referred to it as the 
 "Great Cold." Numbers of wild animals perished, and not a few 
 pioneers lost their lives. The following Summer a party of Canadians 
 and Indians attacked St. Louis, and attempted to take possession of it 
 in consequence of the friendly disposition of Spain to the revolting 
 colonies. They met with such a determined resistance on the part of the 
 inhabitants, even the women taking part in the battle, that they were 
 compelled to abandon the contest. They also made an attack on the 
 settlements in Kentucky, but, becoming alarmed in some unaccountable 
 manner, they fled the country in great haste. 
 
 About this time arose the question in the Colonial Congress con- 
 cerning the western lands claimed by Virginia, New York, Massachusetts 
 
54 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 and Connecticut. The agitation concerning this subject finally led New 
 York, on the 19th of February, 1780, to pass a law giving to the dele- 
 gates of that State in Congress the power to cede her western lands for 
 the benefit of the United States. This law was laid before Congress 
 during the next month, but no steps were taken concerning it until Sep- 
 tember 6th, when a resolution passed that body calling upon the States 
 claiming western lands to release their claims in favor of the whole body. 
 This basis formed the union, and was the first after all of those legislative 
 measures which resulted in the creation of the States of Ohio, Indiana, 
 Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In December of the same 
 year, the plan of conquering Detroit again arose. The conquest might 
 have easily been effected by Clark had the necessary aid been furnished 
 him. Nothing decisive was done, yet the heads of the Government knew 
 that the safety of the Northwest from British invasion lay in the capture 
 and retention of that important post, the only unconquered one in the 
 territory. 
 
 Before the close of the year, Kentucky was divided into the Coun- 
 ties of Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson, and the act establishing the Town 
 of Louisville was passed. This same year is also noted in the annals of 
 American history as the year in which occurred Arnold's treason to the 
 United States. 
 
 Virginia, in accordance with the resolution of Congress, on the 2d 
 day of January, 1781, agreed to yield her western lands to the United 
 States upon certain conditions, which Congress would not accede to, and 
 the Act of Cession, on the part of the Old Dominion, failed, nor was 
 anything farther done until 1783. During all that time the Colonies 
 were busily engaged in tlie struggle with the mother country, and in 
 consequence thereof but little heed was given to the western settlements. 
 Upon the 16th of April, 1781, tlie first birth north of the Ohio River of 
 American parentage occurred, being that of Mary Heckewelder, daughter 
 of the widely known Moravian missionary, whose band of Christian 
 Indians suffered in after years a horrible massacre by the hands of the 
 frontier settlers, who had been exasperated by the murder of several of 
 their neighbors, and in their rage committed, without regard to humanity, 
 a deed which forever afterwards cast a shade of shame upon their lives. 
 For this and kindred outrages on the part of the whites, the Indians 
 committed many deeds of cruelty which darken the years of 1771 and 
 1772 in the history of the Northwest. 
 
 During the year 1782 a number of battles among the Indians and 
 frontiersmen occurred, and between the Moravian Indians and the Wyan- 
 dots. In these, horrible acts of cruelty were practised on the captives, 
 many of such dark deeds transpiring under the leadership of the notorious 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 OD 
 
 frontier outlaw, Simon Girty, whose name, as well as those of his brothers, 
 was a terror to women and children. These occurred chiefly in the Ohio 
 valleys. Cotemporary with them were several engagements in Kentucky, 
 in which the famous Daniel Boone engaged, and who, often by his skill 
 and knowledge of Indian warfare, saved the outposts from cruel destruc- 
 
 INDIANS ATTACKIXt; FKONTIEUS.MEN. 
 
 tion. By the close of the year victory had perched upon the American 
 banner, and on the 30th of November, provisional articles of peace had 
 been arranged between the Commissioners of England and her uncon- 
 querable colonies. Cornwallis had been defeated on the 19th of October 
 preceding, and the liberty of America was assured. On the 19th ol 
 April following, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, peace was 
 
56 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 proclaimed to tlie army of ihe United States, and on the 2d of the next 
 September, the definite treaty which ended our revolutionary struggle 
 was concluded. By the terms of that treaty, the boundaries of the West 
 were as follows : On the north the line was to extend along the center of 
 the Great Lakes ; from the western point of Lake Superior to Long Lake ; 
 thence to the Lake of the Woods ; thence to the head of the Mississippi 
 River; down its center to the 31st parallel of latitude, then on that line 
 east to the head of the Appalachicola River ; down its center to its junc- 
 tion with the Flint ; thence straight to the head of St. Mary's River, and 
 thence down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean. 
 
 Following the cessation of hostilities with England, several posts 
 were still occupied by the British in the North and West. Among these 
 was Detroit, still in the hands of the enemy. Numerous engagements 
 with the Lidians throughout Ohio and Indiana occurred, upon whose 
 lands adventurous whites would settle ere the title had been acquired by 
 the proper treaty. 
 
 To remedy this latter evil, Congress appointed commissioners to 
 treat with the natives and purchase their lands, and prohibited the set- 
 tlement of the territory until this could be done. Before the close of the 
 year another attempt was made to capture Detroit, which was, however, 
 not pushed, and Virginia, no longer feeling the interest in the Northwest 
 she had formerly done, Avithdrew her troops, having on the 20th of 
 December preceding authorized the whole of her possessions to be deeded 
 to the United States. This was done on the 1st of March following, and 
 the Northwest Territory passed from the control of the Old Dominion. 
 To Gen. Clark and his soldiers, however, she gave a tract of one hundred 
 and fifty thousand acres of land, to be situated any where north of the 
 Ohio wherever they chose to locate them. They selected the region 
 opposite the falls of the Ohio, where is now the dilapidated village of 
 Clarksville, about midway between the Cities of New Albany and Jeffer- 
 sonville, Indiana. 
 
 While the frontier remained thus, and Gen. Haldimand at Detroit 
 refused to evacuate alleging that he had no orders from his King to do 
 so, settlers were rapidly gathering about the inland forts. In the Spring 
 of 1784, Pittsburgh was regularly laid out, and from the journal of Arthur 
 Lee, who passed through the town soon after on his way to the Indian 
 council at Fort Mcintosh, we suppose it was not very prepossessing in 
 appearance. He says : 
 
 " Pittsburgh is inhabited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who 
 live in paltry log houses, and are as dirty as if in the north of Ireland or 
 even Scotland. There is a great deal of trade carried on, the goods being 
 bought at the vast expense of forty-five shillings per pound from Phila- 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 57 
 
 delphia and Baltimore. They take in the shops flour, wheat, skins and 
 money. There are in the town four attorneys, two doctors, and not a 
 priest of any persuasion, nor church nor chapeL" 
 
 Kentucky at this time contained thirty tliousand inliabitants, and 
 was beginning to discuss measures for a separation from Virginia. A 
 land office was opened at Louisville, and measures were adopted to take 
 defensive precaution against the Indians who were yet, in some instances, 
 incited to deeds of violence by the British. Before the close of this year, 
 1784, the military claimants of land began to occupy them, although no 
 entries were recorded until 1787. 
 
 The Indian title to the Northwest was not yet extinguished. They 
 held large tracts of lands, and in order to prevent bloodshed Congress 
 adopted means for treaties with the original owners and provided for the 
 surve3'S of the lands gained thereby, as well as for those nortli of the 
 Ohio, now in its possession. On January 31, 1786, a treaty was made 
 with the Wabash Indians. The treaty of Fort Stanwix had been made 
 in 1784. That at Fort Mcintosh in 1785, and through these much land 
 was gained. The Wabash Indians, however, afterward refused to comply 
 with the provisions of the treaty made with them, and in order to compel 
 their adherence to its provisions, force was used. Daring the year 1786, 
 the free navigation of the Mississippi came up in Congress, and caused 
 various discussions, which resulted in no definite action, only serving to 
 excite speculation in regard to the western lands. Congress had promised 
 bounties of land to the soldiers of the Revolution, but owing to the 
 unsettled condition of affairs along the Mississippi respecting its naviga- 
 tion, and the trade of the Northwest, that body had, in 1783, declared 
 its inability to fulfill these promises until a treaty could be concluded 
 between the two Governments. Before the close of the year 1786, how- 
 ever, it was able, through the treaties with the Indians, to allow some 
 grants and the settlement thereon, and on the 14th of September Con- 
 necticut ceded to the General Government the tract of land known as 
 the " Connecticut Reserve," and before the close of the following year a 
 large tract of land north of the Ohio was sold to a company, who at once 
 took measures to settle it. By the provisions of this grant, the company 
 were to pay the United States one dollar per acre, subject to a deduction 
 of one-third for bad lands and other contingencies. They received 
 750,000 acres, bounded on the south by the Ohio, on the east by the 
 seventh range of townships, on the west by the sixteenth range, and on 
 the north by a line so drawn as to make the grant complete without 
 the reservations. In addition to this. Congress afterward granted 100,000 
 acres to actual settlers, and 214,285 acres as army bounties under the 
 resolutions of 1789 and 1790. 
 
bo THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 While Dr. Cutler, one of the cagents of the company, was pressinL,'- 
 its claims before Congress, that body was bringing into form an ordinance 
 for tlie political and social organization of this Territory. When the 
 cession was made by Virginia, in 1784, a plan was offered, but rejected. 
 A motion had been made to strike from the proposed plan the prohibition 
 of shivery, which prevailed. The plan was then discussed and altered, 
 and finally passed unanimously, with the exception of South Carolina. 
 By this proposition, the Territory was to have been divided into states 
 
 PRESEXT srrK OF LAKE STJJEET IJlllDGK, cnn AGO, iS 1833. 
 
 l)y parallels and meridian lines. This, it was thought, would make ten 
 states, which were to have been named as follows — beginning at the 
 northwest corner and going southwardly: S^'lvania, Michigania, Cher- 
 sonesus, Assenisipia, Metropotamia, lUenoia, Saratoga, Washington, Poly- 
 potamia and Pelisipia. 
 
 There was a more serious objection to this plan than its category of 
 names, — the boundaries. The root of the difficulty was in the resolu- 
 tion of Congress passed in October, 1780, which fixed the l)oundaries 
 of the ceded lands to be from one hundred to one hundred and fiftv miles 
 
THE NORTHWEST TEREITORY. 59 
 
 square. These resolutions being presented to tlie Legislatures of Vir- 
 ginia and Massachusetts, they desired a change, and in July, 1786, the 
 subject was taken up in Congress, and changed to favor a division into 
 not more than five states, and not less than three. This was approved by 
 the State Legislature of Virginia. The subject of the Government was 
 again taken up by Congress in 1786, and discussed throughout that year 
 and until July, 1787, when the famous "Compact of 1787" was passed, 
 and the foundation of the government of the Northwest laid. This com- 
 pact is fully discussed and explained in the history of Illinois in this book, 
 and to it the reader is referred. 
 
 The passage of this act and the grant to the New England Company 
 was soon followed by an application to the Government by John Cleves 
 Symnies, of New Jersey, for a grant of the land between the Miamis.. 
 This gentleman had visited these lands soon after the treaty of 1786, and, 
 being greatly pleased with them, offered similar terms to those given to the 
 New England Company. The jjetition was referred to the Treasury 
 Board with power to act, and a contract was concluded the following 
 year. Daring the Autumn the directors of the New England Company 
 were preparing to occupy their grant the following Spring, and upon the 
 23d of November made arrangements for a party of forty-seven men, 
 under the superintendency of Gen. Rufus Putnam, to set forward. Six 
 boat-builders were to leave at once, and on the first of January the sur- 
 veyors and their assistants, twenty-six in number, were to meet at Hart- 
 ford and proceed on their journey westward ; the remainder to follow as 
 soon as possible. Congress, in the meantime, upon the od of October, 
 had ordered seven hundred troops for defense of the western settlers, and 
 to prevent unauthorized intrusions ; and two days later appointed Arthur 
 St. Clair Governor of the Territory of the Northwest. 
 
 AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 The civil organization of the Northwest Territory was now com 
 ])lete, and notwithstanding the uncertainty of Indian affairs, settlers fron^ 
 the East began to come into the country rapidly. The New England 
 Company sent their men during the Winter of 1787-8 pressing on over 
 the Alleghenies by the old Indian path which had been opened into 
 Braddock's road, and which has since been made a national turnpike 
 from Cumberland westward. Through the weary winter days they toiled 
 on, and by April were all gathered on the Yohiogany, where boats had 
 been built, and at once started for the Muskingum. Here they arrived 
 on the 7th of that month, and unless the Moravian missionaries be regarded 
 as the pioneers of Ohio, this little band can justly claim that honor. 
 
60 
 
 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 Gen. St. Clair, the appointed Governor of the Northwgst, not having 
 yet arrived, a set of laws were passed, written out, and published by 
 being nailed to a tree in the embryo town, and Jonathan Meigs appointed 
 to administer them. 
 
 Washington in writing of this, the first American settlement in the 
 Northwest, said : " No colony in America was ever settled under 
 such favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at Muskingum. 
 Information, property and strength will be its characteristics. I know 
 many of its settlers personally, and there never were men better calcu- 
 lated to promote the welfare of such a community." 
 
 
 A PIOXKKlt I>WELLIN(i. 
 
 On the 2(1 of Julv a meeting of the directors and agents was held 
 on the banks of the Muskingum, " for the purpose of naming the new- 
 born city and its squares."' As yet the settlement was known as the 
 "Muskingum," but that was now changed to the name Marietta, in honor 
 of Marie Antoinette. The square upon which the block -houses stood 
 was called ''Campus Martius ;'' square number 19, '•'■ Capitolhun ;'' square 
 number 61, "• Cecilia T and the great road through the covert way, " Sacra 
 Fia.'" Two days after, an oration was delivered by James M. Varnum, 
 who with S. H. Parsons and John Armstrong had been appointed to the 
 judicial bench of the territory on the 16th of October, 1787. On July 9, 
 Gov. St. Clair arrived, and the colony began to assume form. The act 
 of 1787 provided two district grades of government for the Northwest, 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 61 
 
 under the first of which tlie whole power was invested in the hands of a 
 governor and three district judges. This was immediately formed upon 
 the Governor's arrival, and the first laws of the colony passed on the 25th 
 of July. These provided for the organization of the militia, and on the 
 next da}'- appeared the Governor's proclamation, erecting all that country 
 that had been ceded by the Indians east of the Scioto River into the 
 County of Washington. From that time forward, notwithstanding the 
 doubts yet existing as to the Indians, all Marietta prospered, and on the 
 2d of September the first court of the territory was held with imposing 
 ceremonies. 
 
 The emigration westward at this time was very great. The com- 
 mander at Fort Harmer, at the mouth of the Muskingum, reported four 
 thousand five hundred persons as having passed that post between Feb- 
 ruary and June, 1788 — many of whom would have purchased of the 
 "Associates," as the New England Company Avas called, had they been 
 ready to receive them. 
 
 On the 26th of November, 1787, Symmes issued a pamphlet stating 
 the terms of his contract and the plan of sale he intended to adopt. In 
 January, 1788, Matthias Denman, of New Jersey, took an active interest 
 in Symmes' purchase, and located among other tracts the sections upon 
 which Cincinnati has been built. Retaining one-third of this locality, he 
 sold the other two-thirds to Robert Patterson and John Filson, and the 
 three, about August, commenced to lay out a town on the spot, which 
 was designated as being opposite Licking River, to the mouih of which 
 they proposed to have a road cut from Lexington. The naming of the 
 town is thus narrated in the "Western Annals " : — " Mr. Filson, who had 
 been a schoolmaster, was appointed to name the town, and, in respect to 
 its situation, and as if with a prophetic perception of the mixed race that 
 were to inhabit it in after days, he named it Losantiville, which, being 
 interpreted, means : ville, the town ; anti, against or opposite to ; os, the 
 mouth ; L. of Licking." 
 
 Meanwhile, in July, Symmes got thirty persons and eight four-horse 
 teams under way for the West. These reached Limestone ^now Mays- 
 ville) in September, where were several persons from Redstone. Here 
 Mr. Symmes tried to found a settlement, but the great freshet of 1789 
 caused the " Point,"' as it was and is yet called, to be fifteen feet under 
 water, and the settlement to be abandoned. The little band of settlers 
 removed to the mouth of the Miami. Before Symmes and his colon}' left 
 the " Point," two settlements had been made on his purchase. The first 
 was by Mr. Stiltes, the original projector of the whole plan, who, with a 
 colony of Redstone people, had located at the mouth of the Miami, 
 whither Symmes went with his Maysville colony. Here a clearing had 
 
62 
 
 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 been made by tlie Indians owing to the great fertility of the soil. Mr. 
 Stiltes with his colony came to this place on the 18th of November, 1788, 
 with twenty-six persons, and, building a block-house, prepared to remain 
 through the Winter. They named the settlement Columbia. Here they 
 were kindly treated by the Indians, but suffered greatly from the flood 
 of 1780. 
 
 On the 4th of March, 1789, the Constitution of the United States 
 went into operation, and on April 30, George Washington was inaug- 
 urated President of tlie American people, and during the next Summer, 
 an Indian war was commenced by the tribes north of the Ohio. The 
 President at first used pacific means ; but these failing, he sent General 
 Harmer against the hostile tribes. He destroyed several villages, but 
 
 LAICE BLTTFF. 
 
 The frontage of I^ake Bluff Cr rounds on Lake Miohigan, with one hundred and seventy feet of gradual ascent. 
 
 was defeated in two battles, near the present City of Fort Wayne, 
 Indiana. From this time till the close of 1795, the principal events were 
 the wars with the various Indian tribes. In 1796, General St. Clair 
 was appointed in command, and marched against the Indians ; but while 
 he was encamped on a stream, the St. Mary, a branch of the Maumee, 
 he was attacked and defeated with the loss of six hundred men. 
 
 General Wayne was now sent against the savages. In August, 1794, 
 he met them near the rapids of the Maumee, and gained a complete 
 victory. This success, followed by vigorous measures, compelled the 
 Indians to sue for peace, and on the 30th of July, the following year, the 
 treaty of Greenville was signed by the principal chiefs, by which a large 
 tract of country was ceded to the United States. 
 
 Before proceeding in our narrative, we will pause to notice Fort 
 Washington, erected in the early part of this war on the site of Cincinnati. 
 Nearly all of the great cities of the Northwest, and indeed of the 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 6-3 
 
 whole country, have had their nuclei in those rude pioneer structures, 
 known as forts or stockades. Thus Forts Dearborn, Washington, Pon- 
 ohartrain, mark the original sites of the now proud Cities of Chicago, 
 Cincinnati and Detroit. So of most of the flourishing citfes east and west 
 of the Mississippi. Fort Washington, erected by Doughty in 1790, was a 
 rude but highly interesting structure. It was composed of a number of 
 strongly-built hewed log cabins. Those designed for soldiers' barracks 
 were a story and a half high, while those composing the officers quarters 
 were more imposing and more conveniently arranged and furnished. 
 The whole were so placed as to form a hollow square, enclosing about an 
 acre of ground, with a block house at each of the four angles. 
 
 The logs for the construction of this fort were cut from the ground 
 upon which it was erected. It stood between Third and Fourth Streets 
 of the present city (Cincinnati) extending east of Eastern Row, now 
 Broadway, which was then a narrow alley, and the eastern boundary of 
 of the town as it was originally laid out. On the bank of the rivei', 
 immediately in front of the fort, was an appendage of the fort, called the 
 Artificer's Yard. It contained about two acres of ground, enclosed b\' 
 small contiguous buildings, occupied by workshops and quarters of 
 laborers. Within this enclosure there was a large two-story frame house, 
 familiarly called the " Yellow House," built for the accommodation of 
 the Quartermaster General. For many 3'ears this was the best finished 
 and most commodious edifice in the Queen City. Fort Washington was 
 for some time the headquarters of both the civil and military governments 
 of the Northwestern Territor}'. 
 
 Following the consummation of the treaty various gigantic land spec- 
 ulations were entered into by different persons, who hoped to obtain 
 from the Indians in Michigan and northern Indiana, large tracts of lands. 
 These were generally discovered in time to prevent the outrageous 
 schemes from being carried out, and from involving the settlers in war. 
 On October 27, 1795, the treaty between the United States and Spain 
 was signed, whereby the free navigation of the Mississippi was secured. 
 
 No sooner had the treaty of 1795 been ratified than settlements began 
 to pour rapidly into the West. The great event of the year 1796 was the 
 occupation of that part of the Northwest including Michigan, which was 
 this year, under the provisions of the treaty, evacuated by the British 
 forces. The United States, owing to certain conditions, did not feel 
 justified in addressing the authorities in Canada in relation to Detroit 
 and other frontier posts. When at last the British authorities were 
 called to give them up, they at once complied, and General Waj-ne, who 
 had done so much to preserve the frontier settlements, and who, before 
 the year's close, sickened and died near Erie, transferred his head- 
 
6 \ THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 quarters to the neighborhood of the hikes, where a county named after 
 him was formed, which included the northwest of Ohio, all of Michigan, 
 and the northeast of Indiana. During this same year settlements were 
 formed at the present City of Chillicothe, along the Miami from Middle- 
 town to Piqua, while in the more distant West, settlers and speculators 
 began to appear in great numbers. In September, the City of Cleveland 
 was laid out, and during the Summer and Autumn, Samuel Jackson and 
 Jonathan Sharpless erected the first manufactory of paper — the " Red- 
 stone Paper Mill" — in the West. St. Louis contained some seventy 
 houses, and Detroit over three hundred, and along the river, contiguous 
 to it, were more than three thousand inhabitants, mostly French Canadians, 
 Indians and half-breeds, scarcely any Americans venturing yet into that 
 part of the Northwest. 
 
 The election of representatives for the territorj' had taken place, 
 and on the 4th of February, 1799, they convened at Losantiville — now 
 known as Cincinnati, having been named so by Gov. St. Clair, and 
 considered the capital of the Territory — to nominate persons from whom 
 the members of the Legislature were to be chosen in accordance with 
 a previous ordinance. This nomination being made, the Assembly 
 adjourned until the 16th of the following September. From those named 
 the President selected as members of the council, Henr}- Vandenburg, 
 of Vincennes, Robert Oliver, of Marietta, James Findlay and Jacob 
 Burnett, of Cincinnati, and David Vance, of Vanceville. On the 16th 
 of September the Territorial Legislature met, and on the 24:th the two 
 houses were duly organized, Henry Vandenburg being elected President 
 of the Council. 
 
 The message of Gov. St. Clair was addressed to the Legislature 
 September 20th, and on October 13th that body elected as a delegate to 
 Congress Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison, who received eleven of the votes 
 cast, being a majority of one over his opponent, Arthur St. Clair, son of 
 Gen. St. Clair. 
 
 The whole number of acts passed at this session, and approved by 
 the Governor, were thirty-seven — eleven others were j^assed, but received 
 his veto. The most important of those passed related to the militia, to 
 the administration, and to taxation. On the 19th of December this pro- 
 tracted session of the first Legislature in the West was closed, and on the 
 30th of December the President nominated Charles Willing Bryd to the 
 office of Secretary of the Territory vice Wm. Henry Harrison, elected to 
 Congress. The Senate confirmed his nomination the next day. 
 
THE NOKTHWEST TERRITORY. <d5 
 
 DIVISION OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 The increased emigration to the Northwest, the extent of the domain, 
 and the inconvenient modes of travel, made it very difficult to conduct 
 the ordinary operations of government, and rendered the efficient action 
 of courts almost impossible. To remedy this, it was deemed advisable to 
 divide the territory for civil purposes. Congress, in 1800, appointed a 
 committee to examine the question and report some means for its solution. 
 This committee, on the 3d of March, reported that : 
 
 " In the three western countries there has been but one court having 
 cognizance of crimes, in five years, and the immunity which offenders 
 experience attracts, as to an asylum, the most vile and abandoned crim- 
 inals, and at the same time deters useful citizens from making settlements 
 in such society. The extreme necessity of judiciary attention and assist- 
 ance is experienced in civil as well as in criminal cases. * * * * Xo 
 niinister a remedy to these and other evils, it occurs to this committee 
 tliat it is expedient that a division of said territory into two distinct and 
 separate governments should be made ; and that such division be made 
 by a line beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami River, running 
 directly north until it intersects the boundary between the United States 
 and Canada." 
 
 The report was accepted by Congress, and, in accordance with its 
 suggestions, that body passed an Act extinguishing the Northwest Terri- 
 tory, which Act was approved May 7. Among its provisions were these : 
 
 " That from and after July 4 next, all that part of the Territory of 
 the United States northwest of the Ohio River, which lies to the westward 
 of a line beginning at a point on the Ohio, opposite to the mouth of the 
 Kentucky River, and running thence to Fort Recovery, and thence north 
 until it shall intersect the territorial line between the United States and 
 Canada, shall, for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a 
 separate territory, and be called the Indiana Territory." 
 
 After providing for the exercise of the civil and criminal powers ot 
 the territories, and other provisions, the Act further provides : 
 
 " That until it shall otherwise be ordered by the Legislatures of the 
 said Territories, respectively, Chillicothe on the Scioto River shall be the 
 seat of government of the Territory of the United States northwest of the 
 Ohio River ; and that St. Vincennes on the Wabash River shall be the 
 seat of government for the Indiana Territory." 
 
 Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison was appointed Governor of the Indiana 
 Territory, and entered upon his duties about a year later. Connecticut 
 also about this time released her claims to the reserve, and in March a law 
 
6G THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 was passed accepting this cession. Settlements had been made upon 
 thirty-five of the townshi])s in the reserve, mills had been built, and seven 
 l^undred miles of road cut in various directions. On the 3d of November 
 the General Assembly met at Chillicothe. Near the close of the 3^ear, 
 the first missionary of the Connecticut Reserve came, who found no 
 township containing more than eleven families. It was upon the first of 
 October that the secret treaty had been made between Napoleon and the 
 King of Spain, whereby the latter agreed to cede to France the province 
 of Louisiana. 
 
 In January, 1802, the Assembly of the Northwestern Territory char- 
 tered the college at Athens. From the earliest dawn of the western 
 colonies, education was promptly provided for, and as early as 1787, 
 newspapers were issued from Pittsburgh and Kentucky, and largely read 
 throughout the frontier settlements. Before the close of this year, the 
 Congress of the United States granted to the citizens of the Northwestern 
 territory the formation of a State government. One of the provisions of 
 the "compact of 1787" provided that whenever the number of inhabit- 
 ants within prescribed limits exceeded 45,000, they should be entitled to 
 a separate government. The prescribed limits of Ohio contained, from a 
 census taken to ascertain the legality of the act, more than that number, 
 and on the 30th of April, 1802, Congress passed the act defining its limits, 
 and on the 29th of November the Constitution of the new State of Ohio, 
 so named from the beautiful river forming its southern boundary, came 
 into existence. The exact limits of Lake Michigan were not then known, 
 but the territory now included within the State of Michigan was wholly 
 within the territory of Indiana. 
 
 Gen. Harrison, while residing at Vincennes, made several treaties 
 with the Indians, thereby gaining large tracts of lands. The next year is 
 memorable in the history of the West for the purchase of Louisiana from 
 France b}' the United States for f 15,000,000. Thus by a peaceful mode, 
 the domain of the United States was extended over a large tract of 
 country west of the Mississippi, and was for a time under the jurisdiction 
 of the Northwest government, and, as has been mentioned in the early 
 part of this narrative, was called the "New Northwest." The limits 
 of this history will not allow a description of its territory. The same year 
 large grants of land were obtained from the Indians, and the House of 
 Representatives of the new State of Ohio signed a bill respecting the 
 College Township in the district of Cincinnati. 
 
 Before the close of the year. Gen. Harrison obtained additional 
 grants of lands from the various Indian nations in Indiana and the present 
 limits of Illinois, and on the IStli of August, 1804, completed a treaty at 
 St. Louis, whereby over 51,000,000 acres of lands were obtained from the 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. (37 
 
 aborigines. Measures were also taken to learn the condition of affairs in 
 and about Detroit. 
 
 C. Jouett, the Indian agent in Michigan, still a part of Indiana Terri- 
 tory, reported as follows upon the condition of matters at that post : 
 
 " The Town of Detroit. — The charter, which is for fifteen miles 
 square, was granted in the time of Louis XIV. of France, and is now, 
 from the best information I have been able to get, at Quebec. Of those 
 two hundred and twenty-five acres, only four are occupied by the town 
 and Fort Lenault. The remainder is a common, except twenty-four 
 acres, which were added twenty years ago to a farm belonging to Wm. 
 Macomb. * * * A stockade incloses the town, fort and citadel. The 
 pickets, as well as the public houses, are in a state of gradual decay. The 
 streets are narrow, straight and regular, and intersect each other at right 
 angles. The houses are, for the most part, low and inelegant." 
 
 During this year, Congress granted a township of land for the sup- 
 port of a college, and began to offer inducements for settlers in these 
 wilds, and the country now comprising the State of Michigan began to 
 fill rapidly with settlers along its southern borders. This same year, also, 
 a law was passed organizing the Southwest Territor}^ dividing it into two 
 portions, the Territory of New Orleans, which city was made the seat of 
 government, and the District of Louisiana, which was annexed to the 
 domain of Gen. Harrison. 
 
 On the 11th of January, 1805, the Territory of Michigan was formed, 
 Wm. Hull was appointed governor, with headquarters at Detroit, the 
 change to take effect on June 30. On the 11th of that month, a fire 
 occurred at Detroit, which destro3^ed almost every building in the place. 
 When the officers of the new territory reached the post, they found it in 
 ruins, and the inhabitants scattered throughout the country. Rebuild- 
 ing, however, soon commenced, and ere long the town contained more 
 houses than before the fire, and many of them much better built. 
 
 While this was being done, Indiana had passed to the second grade 
 of government, and through her General Assembly had obtained large 
 tracts of land from the Indian tribes. To all this the celebrated Indian, 
 Tecumthe or Tecumseh, vigorously protested, and it was the main cause 
 of his attempts to unite the various Indian tribes in a conflict with the 
 settlers. To obtain a full account of these attempts, the workings of the 
 British, and the signal failure, culminating in the death of Tecumseh at 
 the battle of tlie Thames, and the close of the war of 1812 in the Northwest, 
 we will step aside in our story, and relate the principal events of his life, 
 and his connection with this conflict. 
 
68 
 
 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 TECUMSEH, THE SHAWANOE CHIEFTAIN. 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. . 69 
 
 TECUMSEH, AND THE WAR OF 1812. 
 
 This famous Indian chief was born about the year 1768, not far from 
 the site of the present City of Piqua, Ohio. His father, Puckeshinwa, 
 was a member of the Kisopok tribe of tlie Swanoese nation, and his 
 mother, Methontaske, was a member of the Turtle tribe of the same 
 people. They removed from Florida about the middle of the last centur}- 
 to the birthplace of Tecumseh. In 1774, his father, who had risen to be 
 chief, was slain at the battle of Point Pleasant, and not long after Tecum- 
 seh, by his bravery, became the leader of his tribe. In 1795 he was 
 declared chief, and then lived at Deer Creek, near the site of tlie 
 present City of Urbana. He remained here about one year, when he 
 returned to Piqua, and in 1798, he went to White River, Indiana. In 
 1805, he and his brother, Laulewasikan (Open Door), who had announced 
 himself as a j)rophet, went to a tract of land on the Wabash River, given 
 them by the Pottawatomies and Kickapoos. From this date the chiei' 
 comes into prominence. He was now about thirty-seven years of age, 
 was five feet and ten inches in height, was stoutly built, and jDossessed of 
 enormous powers of endurance. His countenance was naturally pleas- 
 ing, and he was, in general, devoid of those savage attributes possessed 
 by most Indians. It is stated he could read and write, and had a confi- 
 dential secretary and adviser, named Billy Caldwell, a half-breed, who 
 afterward became chief of the Pottawatomies. He occupied the first 
 house built on the site of Chicago. At this time, Tecumseh entered 
 upon the great work of his life. He had long objected to the grants of 
 land made by the Indians to the whites, and determined to unite all the 
 Indian tribes into a league, in order that no treaties or grants of land 
 could be made save by the consent of this confederation. 
 
 He traveled constantly, going from north to south ; from the south 
 to the north, everywhere urging the Indians to this step. He was a 
 matchless orator, and his burning words had their effect. 
 
 Gen. Harrison, then Governor of Indiana, by watching the move- 
 ments of the Indians, became convinced that a grand conspiracy was 
 forming, and made preparations to defend the settlements. Tecumseh's 
 plan was similar to Pontiac's, elsewhere described, and to the cunning 
 artifice of that chieftain was added his own sagacity. 
 
 During the year 1809, Tecumseh and the prophet were actively pre- 
 paring for the work. In that year. Gen. Harrison entered into a treaty 
 with the Delawares, Kickapoos, Pottawatomies, Miamis, Eel River Indians 
 and Weas, in which these tribes ceded to the whites certain lands upon 
 the Wabash, to all of which Tecumseh entered a bitter protest, averring 
 
70 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 as one principal reason that he did not Avant tlie Indians to give up any 
 lands north and west of the Ohio River. 
 
 TecLimseh, in August, 1810, visited the General at Vincennes and 
 held a council relating to the grievances of the Indians. Becoming unduly 
 angry at this conference he was dismissed from tlie village, and soon after 
 departed to incite the southern Indian tribes to the conflict. 
 
 Gen. Harrison determined to move upon the chief's headquarters at 
 Tippecanoe, and for this purpose went about sixty-five miles up the 
 Wabash, where he built Fort Harrison. From this place he went to the 
 prophet's town, where he informed the Indians he had no hostile inten- 
 tions, provided they were true to the existing treaties. He encamped 
 near the village early in October, and on the morning of November 7, he 
 was attacked by a large force of the Indians, and the famous battle of 
 Tippecanoe occurred. The Indians v/ere routed and their town broken 
 up. Tecumseh returning not long after, was greatly exasperated at his 
 brother, the prophet, even threatening to kill him for rashly precipitating 
 tlie war, and foiling his (Tecumseh's) plans. 
 
 Tecumseh sent word to Gen. Harrison tliat he was now returned 
 from the South, and was read}' to visit tlie President as had at one time 
 previously been proposed. Gen. Harrison informed him he could not go 
 as a chief, which method Tecumseh desired, and the visit was never 
 made. 
 
 In June of the following year, he visited the Indian agent at 
 Fort Wayne. Here he disavowed any intention to make a war against 
 the United States, and reproached Gen. Harrison for marching against his 
 people. The agent replied to this ; Tecumseh listened with a cold indif- 
 ference, and after making a few general remarks, with a haughty air drew 
 his blanket about him, left the council house, and departed for Fort Mai- 
 den, in Upper Canada, where he joined the British standard. 
 
 He remained under this Government, doing effective work for the 
 Crown while engaged in the war of 1812 which now opened. He was, 
 however, always humane in his treatment of the prisoners, never allow- 
 ing his warriors to ruthlessly mutilate the bodies of those slain, or wan- 
 tonl}' murder the captive. 
 
 In the Summer of 1813, Perry's victor}^ on Lake Erie occurred, and 
 shortly after active preparations were made to capture Maiden. On the 
 27th of September, the American army, under Gen. Harrison, set sail for 
 the shores of Canada, and in a few hours stood around the ruins of Mai- 
 den, from which the British army, under Proctor, had retreated to Sand- 
 wich, intending to make its way to the heart of Canada by the Valley ot 
 the Thames. On the 29th Gen. Harrison was at Sandwich, and Gen„ 
 Mc Arthur took possession of Detroit and the territory of Michigan. 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 71 
 
 On the 2d of October, the Americans began their pursuit of Proctor, 
 whom they overtook on the oth, and the battle of the Thames followed. 
 Early in the engagement, Tecumseh who was at the head of the column 
 of Indians Avas slain, and they, no longer hearing the voice of their chief- 
 tain, fled. The victory was decisive, and practically closed the war in 
 the Northwest- 
 
 ^uuuiatu.i 
 
 INDIANS ATTACKING A STOCKADE. 
 
 Just who killed the great chief has been a matter of much dispute ; 
 but the weight of opinion awards the act to Col. Richard M. Johnson, 
 who fired at him with a pistol, the shot proving fatal. 
 
 In 1805 occurred Burr's Insurrection. He took possession of a 
 beautiful island in the Ohio, after the killing of Hamilton, and is charged 
 by many with attempting to set up an independent government. His 
 plans were frustrated by the general government, his property confiscated 
 and he was compelled to flee the country for safety. 
 
72 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 In January, 1807, Governor Hull, of Michigan Territory, made a 
 treaty with the Indians, whereby all that peninsula was ceded to the 
 United States. Before the close of the year, a stockade was built about 
 Detroit. It was also during this year that Indiana and Illinois endeavored 
 to obtain the repeal of that section of the compact of 1787, whereby 
 slavery was excluded from the Northwest Territory. These attempts, 
 however, all signally failed. 
 
 In 1809 it was deemed advisable to divide the Indiana Territory. 
 This was done, and the Territory of Illinois was formed from the western 
 part, the seat of government being fixed at Kaskaskia. The next 3'ear, 
 the intentions of Tecumseh manifested themselves in open hostilities, and 
 then began the events already narrated. 
 
 While this war was in progress, emigration to the West went on with 
 surprising rapidity. In 1811, under Mr. Roosevelt of New York, the 
 first steamboat trip was made on the Ohio, much to the astonishment of 
 the natives, many of whom fled in terror at the appearance of the 
 " monster." It arrived at Louisville on the 10th day of October. At the 
 close of the first week of January, 1812, it arrived at Natchez, after being 
 nearly overwhelmed in the great earthquake which occurred while on its 
 downward trip. 
 
 The battle of the Thames was fought on October 6, 1813. It 
 effectually closed hostilities in the Northwest, although peace was not 
 fully restored until July 22, 1814, when a treaty was formed at Green- 
 ville, under the direction of General Harrison, between the United States 
 and the Indian tribes, in which it was stipulated that the Indians should 
 cease hostilities against the Americans if the war were continued. Such, 
 happily, was not the case, and on the 24th of December the treaty 
 of Ghent was signed by the representatives of England and the United 
 States. This treaty was followed the next year by treaties with various 
 Indian tribes throughout the West and Northwest, and quiet was again 
 restored in this part of the new world. 
 
 On the 18th of March, 1816, Pittsburgh was incorporated as a city. 
 It then had a population of 8,000 people, and was already noted for its 
 manufacturing interests. On April 19, Indiana Territory was allowed 
 to form a state government. At that time there were thirteen counties 
 organized, containing about sixty-three thousand inhabitants. The first 
 election of state officers was held in August, when Jonathan Jennings 
 was chosen Governor. The officers were sworn in on November 7, and 
 on December 11, the State was formally admitted into the Union. For 
 some time the seat of government was at Cory don, but a more central 
 location being desirable, the present capital, Indianapolis (City of Indiana), 
 was laid out January 1, 1825. 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERBITOEY. 73 
 
 On the 28th of December the Bank of Illinois, at Shawneetown, was 
 chartered, with a capital of $300,000. At this period all banks were 
 under the control of the States, and were allowed to establish branches 
 at different convenient points. 
 
 Until this time Chillicothe and Cincinnati had in turn enjoyed the 
 privileges of being the capital of Ohio. But the rapid settlement of the 
 northern and eastern portions of the State demanded, as in Indiana, a 
 more central location, and before the close of the year, the site of Col- 
 umbus was selected and surveyed as the future capital of the State. 
 Banking had begun in Ohio as early as 1808, when the first bank was 
 chartered at Marietta, but here as elsewhere it did not bring to the state 
 the hoped-for assistance. It and other banks were subsequently unable 
 to redeem their currency, and were obliged to suspend. 
 
 In 1818, Illinois was made a state, and all the territory north of her 
 northern limits was erected into a separate territory and joined to Mich- 
 igan for judicial purposes. By the following year, navigation of the lakes 
 was increasing with great rapidity and affording an immense source of 
 revenue to the dwellers in the Northwest, but it was not until 1826 that 
 the trade was extended to Lake Michigan, or that steamships began to 
 navigate the bosom of that inland sea. 
 
 Until the year 1832, the commencement of the Black Hawk War, 
 but few hostilities were experienced with the Indians. Roads were 
 opened, canals were dug, cities were built, common schools were estab- 
 lished, universities were founded, many of which, especially the Michigan 
 University, have achieved a world wide-reputation. The people were 
 becoming wealthy. The domains of the United States had been extended, 
 and had the sons of the forest been treated with honesty and justice, the 
 record of many years would have been that of peace and continuous pros- 
 perity. 
 
 BLACK HAWK AND THE BLACK HAWK WAR. 
 
 This conflict, though confined to Illinois, is an important epoch in 
 the Northwestern history, being the last war with the Indians in this part 
 of the United States. 
 
 Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah, or Black Hawk, was born in the principal 
 Sac village, about three miles from the junction of Rock River with the 
 Mississippi, in the year 1767. His father's name was Py-e-sa or Pahaes ; 
 his grandfather's, Na-na-ma-kee, or the Thunderer. Black Hawk early 
 distinguished himself as a warrior, and at the age of fifteen was permitted 
 to paint and was ranked among the braves. About the year 1783, he 
 Went on an expedition against the enemies of his nation, the Osages, one 
 
74 
 
 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 BLACK HAWK, THE SAC CHIEFTAIN. 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 75 
 
 of whom he killed and scalped, and for this deed of Indian bravery he was 
 permitted to join in the scalp dance. Three or four years after he, at the 
 head of two hundred braves, went on another expedition against the 
 Osages, to avenge the murder of some women and children belonging to 
 his own tribe. Meeting an equal number of Osage warriors, a fierce 
 battle ensued, in which the latter tribe lost one-half their number. The 
 Sacs lost only about nineteen warriors. He next attacked the Cherokees 
 for a similar cause. In a severe battle with them, near the present City 
 of St. Louis, his father was slain, and Black Hawk, taking possession of 
 the " Medicine Bag," at once announced himself chief of the Sac nation. 
 He had now conquered the Cherokees, and about the year 1800, at the 
 head of five hundred Sacs and Foxes, and a hundred lowas, he waged 
 war asfainst the Osao'e nation and subdued it. For two vears he battled 
 successfully with other Indian tribes, all of whom he conquered. 
 
 Black Hawk does not at any time seem to have been friendly to 
 the Americans. When on a visit to St. Louis to see his " Spanish 
 Father," he declined to see any of the Americans, alleging, as a reason, 
 he did not want two fathers. 
 
 The treaty at St. Louis was consummated in 1804. The next year the 
 United States Government erected a fort near the head of the Des Moines 
 Rapids, called Fort Edwards. This seemed to enrage Black Hawk, who 
 at once determined to capture Fort Madison, standing on the west side of 
 the Mississippi above the mouth of the Des Moines River. The fort was 
 garrisoned by about fifty men. Here he was defeated. The difficulties 
 with the British Government arose about this time, and the War of 1812 
 followed. That government, extending aid to the Western Indians, by 
 giving them arms and ammunition, induced them to remain hostile to the 
 Americans. In August, 1812, Black Hawk, at the head of about five 
 hundred braves, started to join the British forces at Detroit, passing on 
 his way the site of Chicago, where the famous Fort Dearborn Massacre 
 h:/* a few days before occurred. Of his connection with the British 
 '^L . ernment but little is known. In 1813 he with his little band descended 
 the Mississippi, and attacking some United States troops at Fort Howard 
 was defeated. 
 
 In the early part of 1815, the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi 
 were notified that peace had been declared between the United States 
 and England, and nearly all hostilities had ceased. Black Hawk did not 
 sign any treaty, however, until May of the following year. He then recog- 
 nized the validity of the treaty at St. Louis in 1804. From the time of 
 signing this treaty in 1816, until the breaking out of the war in 1832, he 
 and his band passed their time in the common pursuits of Indian life. 
 
 Ten years before the commencement of this war, the Sac and Fox 
 
76 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 Indians were urged to join the lowas on the west bank of the Fatlier of 
 Waters. All were agreed, save the band known as the British Band, of 
 which Black Hawk was leader. He strenuously objected to the removal, 
 and was induced to comply only after being threatened with the power of 
 the Government. This and various actions on the part of the white set- 
 tlers provoked Black Hawk and his band to attempt the capture of his 
 native village now occupied by the whites. The war followed. He and 
 his actions were undoubtedly misunderstood, and liad his wishes been 
 acquiesced in at the beginning of the struggle, much bloodshed would 
 have been prevented. 
 
 Black Hawk was chief now of the Sac and Fox nations, and a noted 
 warrior. He and his tribe inhabited a village on Rock River, nearly three 
 miles above its confluence with the Mississippi, where the tribe had lived 
 many generations. When that portion of Illinois was reserved to them, 
 they remained in peaceable possession of their reservation, spending their 
 time in the enjoyment of Indian life. The fine situation of their village 
 and the quality of their lands incited the more lawless white settlers, who 
 from time to time began to encroach upon the red men's domain. From 
 one pretext to another, and from one step to another, the crafty white 
 men gained a foothold, until through whisky and artifice they obtained 
 deeds from many of the Indians for their possessions. The Indians were 
 finally induced to cross over the Father of Waters and locate among the 
 lowas. Black Hawk was strenuously opposed to all this, but as the 
 authorities of Illinois and the United States thought this the best move, he 
 was forced to comply. Moreover other tribes joined the whites and urged 
 the removal. Black Hawk would not agree to the terras of the treaty 
 made with his nation for their lands, and as soon as the military, called to 
 enforce his removal, had retired, he returned to the Illinois side of the 
 river. A large force was at once raised and marched against him. On 
 the evening of May 14, 1832, the first engagement occurred between a 
 band from this army and Black Hawk's band, in which the former were 
 defeated. 
 
 This attack and its result aroused the whites. A large force of men 
 was raised, and Gen. Scott hastened from the seaboard, by way of the 
 lakes, with United States troops and artillery to aid in the subjugation of 
 the Indians. On the 24th of June, Black Hawk, with 200 warriors, was 
 repulsed by Major Demont between Rock River and Galena. The Ameri- 
 can army continued to move up Rock River toward the main body of 
 the Indians, and on the 21st of July came upon Black Hawk and his band, 
 and defeated them near the Blue Mounds. 
 
 Before this action. Gen. Henry, in command, sent word to the main 
 army by whom he was immediately rejoined, and the whole crossed the 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 77 
 
 Wisconsin in pursuit of Black Hawk and his band who were fleeing to the 
 Mississippi. They were overtaken on the 2d of August, and in the battle 
 which followed the power of the Indian chief was completely broken. He 
 fled, but was seized by the Winnebagoes and delivered to the whites. 
 
 On the 21st of September, 1832, Gen. Scott and Gov. Reynolds con- 
 cluded a treaty with the Winnebagoes, Sacs and Foxes by which they 
 ceded to the United States a vast tract of country, and agreed to remain 
 peaceable with the whites. For the faithful performance of the provi- 
 sions of this treaty on the part of the Indians, it was stipulated that 
 Black Hawk, his two sons, the prophet Wabokieshiek, and six other chiefs 
 of the hostile bands should be retained as hostages during the pleasure 
 of the President. They were confined at Fort Barracks and put in irons. 
 
 The next Spring, by order of the Secretary of War, they were taken 
 to Washington. From there they were removed to Fortress Monroe, 
 "there to remain until tlie conduct of their nation was such as to justify 
 their being set at libert3^'" They were retained here until the 4th of 
 June, when the authorities directed them to be taken to the principal 
 cities so that they might see the folly of contending against the white 
 people. Everywhere they were observed by thousands, the name of the 
 old chief being extensively known. By the middle of August they 
 reached Fort Armstrong on Rock Island, where Black Hawk was soon 
 after released to go to his countrymen. As he passed the site of his birth- 
 place, now the home of the white man, he was deeply moved. His village 
 where he was born, where he had so happily lived, and where he had 
 hoped to die, was now another's dwelling place, and he was a wanderer. 
 
 On the next day after his release, he went at once to his tribe and 
 his lodge. His wife was yet living, and with her he passed the remainder 
 of his days. To his credit it may be said that Black Hawk always re- 
 mained true to his wife, and served her with a devotion uncommon among 
 the Indians, living Avith her upward of forty years. 
 
 Black Hawk now passed his time hunting and fishing. A deep mel- 
 ancholy had settled over him from which he could not be freed. At all 
 times when he visited the whites he was received with marked atten- 
 tion. He was an honored guest at the old settlers' reunion in Lee County, 
 Illinois, at some of their meetings, and received many tokens of esteem. 
 In September, 1838, while on his way to Rock Island to receive his 
 annuity from the Government, he contracted a severe cold which resulted 
 in a fatal attack of bilious fever which terminated his life on October 3. 
 His faithful wife, who was devotedly attached to him, mourned deeply 
 during his sickness. After his death he was dressed in the uniform j)re- 
 sented to him by the President while in Washington. He was buried in 
 a grave six feet in depth, situated upon a beautiful eminence. " The 
 
78 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 body was placed in the middle of the grave, in a sitting posture, upon a 
 seat constructed for the purpose. On his left side, the cane, given him 
 by Henry Clay, was placed upright, with his right hand resting upon it. 
 Many of the old warrior's trophies were placed in the grave, and some 
 Indian garments, together with his favorite weapons." 
 
 No sooner was the Black Hawk war concluded than settlers began 
 rapidly to pour into the northern parts of Illinois, and into Wisconsin, 
 now free from Indian depredations. Chicago, from a trading post, had 
 grown to a commercial center, and was rapidly coming into prominence. 
 In 1835, the formation of a State Government in Michigan was discussed, 
 but did not take active form until two years later, when the State became 
 a part of the Federal Union. 
 
 The main attraction to that portion of the Northwest lying west of 
 Lake Michigan, now included in the State of Wisconsin, was its alluvial 
 wealth. Copper ore was found about Lake Superior. For some time this 
 region was attached to Michigan for judiciary purposes, but in 183f) was 
 made a territory, then including ]\Iinnesota and Iowa. The latter State 
 was detached two years later. In 1848, Wisconsin was admitted as a 
 State, Madison being made the capital. We have now traced the various 
 divisions of the Northwest Territory (save a little in Minnesota) from 
 the time it was a unit comprising this vast territory, until circumstances 
 compelled its present division. 
 
THE ITOETHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 79 
 
 PRESENT CONDITION OF THE NORTHWEST 
 
 Preceding- chapters have brought us to the close of the Black Hawk 
 war, and we now turn to the contemphxtion of the growth and prosperity 
 of the Northwest under the smile of peace and the blessings of our civili. 
 za-tiou. The pioneers of this region date events back to the deep snow 
 
 OLD FORT DEARBORN, 1830. 
 
 of 1831, no one arriving here since that date taking first honors. The 
 inciting cause of the immigration which overflowed the prairies early in 
 the '30s was the reports of the marvelous beauty and fertility of the 
 region distributed through the East by those who had participated in the 
 fifack Hawk campaign with Gen. Scott. Chicago and Milwaukee then 
 had a few hundred inhabitants, and Gurdon S. Hubbard's trail from the 
 former c'.tv to Kaskaskia led almost thrcugli a wilderness. Vegetables 
 and clothing were largely distributed through the regions adjoining the 
 
80 
 
 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 lakes by steamers from the Ohio towns. There are men now living in 
 lUinois who came to the state when barely an acre was in cultivation, 
 and a man now prominent in the business circles of Chicago looked over 
 the swampy, cheerless site of that metropolis in 1818 and went south- 
 ward into civilization. Emigrants from Pennsylvania in 1830 left behind 
 
 LINCOLN MONUMENT, Sl'KINGFIELD, ILLINOIS. 
 
 them but one small railway in tlie coal regions, thirty miles in length, 
 and made their Avay to the Northwest mostly Avith ox teams, finding in 
 Northern Illinois petty settlements scores of miles apart, although the 
 southern portion of the state was fairly dotted with farms. The 
 water courses of the lakes and rivers furnished transportation to the 
 second great army of immigrants, and about 1850 railroads were 
 pushed to that extent that the crisis of 1837 was precipitated upon us. 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 81 
 
 from the effects of which the Western country had not fully recovered 
 at the outbreak of the war. Hostilities found the colonists of the prairies 
 fully alive to the demands of the occasion, and the honor of recruiting 
 
 the vast armies of the Union fell largely to Gov. Yates, of Illinois, and 
 Gov. Morton, of Indiana. To recount the share of the glories of the 
 campaign -svon hf cuv Western troops is a needless task, except to 
 mention the fact that Illinois p^ave co the nation the President who save4 
 
82 
 
 THE NORTHWEST TERKITOE.Y. 
 
 it. and sent out at the head of one of its regiments tne o-eneral who led 
 'ts armies to the final victory at Appomattox. The struo-He on the 
 
 
 whole, had a marked effect for the better on the new Northwest, gi dng 
 it an impetus which twenty years of peace would not have produced. 
 In a large degree this prosperity was an inflr„ted one, and with the rest 
 of the Union we have since been compelled to atone therefor l)y four 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 83 
 
 years of depression of values, of scarcity of employment, and loss of 
 fortune. To a less degree, however, than the manufacturing or mining 
 regions has the West suffered during the prolonged panic now so near its 
 end. Agriculture, still the leading feature in our industries, has l)een 
 quite prosperous through all these dark years, and the farmers liave 
 cleared away many incumbrances resting over them from the period of 
 fictitious values. The population has steadily increased, the arts and 
 sciences are gaining a stronger foothold, the trade area of the region is 
 becoming daily more extended, and we have been largely exempt from 
 the financial calamities Avhich have nearly wrecked communities on the 
 seaboard dependent wholly on foreign commerce or domestic manufacture. 
 
 At the present period there are no great schemes broached for the 
 Northwest, no propositions for government subsidies or national works 
 of improvement, but the capital of the world is attracted hither for the 
 purchase of our products or the expansion of our capacity for serving the 
 nation at lai'ge. A new era is dawning as to transportation, and we bid 
 fair to deal almost exclusively with the increasing and expanding lines 
 of steel rail running through every few miles of territory on the prairies. 
 The lake marine will no doubt continue to be useful in the warmer 
 season, and to serve as a regulator of freight rates ; but experienced 
 navigators forecast the decay of the system in moving to the seaboard 
 the enormous crops of the West. Within the past five years it has 
 become quite common to see direct shipments to Europe and the West 
 Indies going through from the second-class towns along the Mississippi 
 and Missouri. 
 
 As to popular education, the standard has of late risen ver}^ greatly, 
 and our schools would be creditable to any section of the Union. 
 
 More and more as the events of the war pass into obscurity will the 
 fate of the Northwest be linked with that of the Southwest, and the 
 next Congressional apportionment will give the valley of the Mississippi 
 absolute control of the legislation of the nation, and do much toward 
 securing the removal of the Federal capitol to some more central location. 
 
 Our public men continue to wield the full share of influence pertain- 
 ing to their rank in the national autonomy, and seem not to forget that 
 for the j)ast sixteen years they and their constituents have dictated the 
 principles which should govern the country. 
 
 In a work like this, destined to lie on the shelves of the library for 
 generations, and not doomed to daily destruction like a newspaper, one 
 can not indulge in the same glowing predictions, the sanguine statements 
 of actualities that fill the columns of ephemeral publications. Time may 
 bring grief to the pet projects of a writer, and explode castles erected on 
 a pedestal of facts. Yet there are unmistakable indications before us of 
 
84 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 the same radical cliange in our great Northwest which characterizes its 
 history for the past thirty years. Our domain has a sort of natural 
 geographical border, save where it melts away to the southward in the 
 cattle raising districts of the southwest. 
 
 Our prime interest will for some years doubtless be the growth of 
 the food of the world, in which branch it has already outstripped all 
 competitors, and our great rival in this duty will naturally be the fertile 
 plains of Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado, to say nothing of the new 
 empire so rapidly growmg up in Texas. Over these regions there is a 
 continued progress in agriculture and in railway building, and we must 
 look to our laurels. Intelligent observers of events are fully aware of 
 the strides made in the way of shipments of fresh meats to Europe, 
 many of these ocean cargoes being actually slaughtered in the West and 
 transported on ice to the wharves of the seaboard cities. That this new 
 enterprise will continue there is no reason to doubt. There are in 
 Chicago several factories for the canning of prepared meats for European 
 consumption, and the orders for this class of goods are already immense. 
 English capital is becoming daily more and more dissatisfied with railway 
 loans and investments, and is gradually seeking mammoth outlays in 
 lands and live stock. The stock yards in Chicago, Indianapolis and East 
 St. Louis are yearly increasing their facilities, and their plant steadily 
 grows more valuable. Importations of blooded animals from the pro- 
 giessive countries of Europe are destined to greatly improve the quality 
 of our beef and mutton. Nowhere is there to be seen a more enticing 
 display in this line than at our state and county fairs, and the interest 
 in the matter is on the increase. 
 
 To aftempt to give statistics of our grain production for 1877 would 
 be useless, so far have we surpassed ourselves in the quantity and 
 quality of our jjroduct. We are too liable to forget that we are giving 
 the world its first article of necessity — its food supply. An opportunity 
 to learn this fact so it never can be forgotten was afforded at Chicago at 
 the outbreak of the great panic of 1873, when Canadian purchasers, 
 fearing the prostration of business mightbring about an anarchical condition 
 of affairs, went to that city with coin in bulk and foreign drafts to secure 
 their supplies in their own currency at first hands. It may be justly 
 claimed by the agricultural community that their combined efforts gave 
 the nation its first impetus towaid a restoration of its crippled industries, 
 and tlieir labor brought the gold premium to a lower depth than the 
 government was able to reach b^' its most intense efforts of legislation 
 and compulsion. The hundreds of millions about to be disbursed for 
 farm products have already, by the anticipation common to all commercial 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. §5 
 
 nations, set the wheels in motion, and will relieve us from the perils so 
 long shadowing our efforts to return to a healthy tone. 
 
 Manufacturing has attained in the chief cities a foothold which bids 
 fair to render the Northwest independent of the outside world. Nearly 
 
 TTTTNTlNrr PRAIEIE WOLVES IX AX EAKIA' DAY, 
 
 our whole region has a distribution of coal measures which will in time 
 support the manufactures necessary to our comfort and prosperity. As 
 to transportation, the chief factor in the jiroduction of all articles excejj*" 
 food, no section is so magnificently endowed, and our facilities are yearly 
 increasing beyond those of any other region. 
 
86 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 The period from a central point of the war to the outbreak of the 
 panic was marked by a tremendous growth in our railway lines, but the 
 depression of the times caused almost a total suspension of operations. 
 Now that i)rosperity is returning to our stricken country we witness its 
 anticipation by the railroad interest in a series of projects, extensions, 
 iind leases which bid fair to largely increase our transportation facilities. 
 The process of foreclosure and sale of incumbered lines is another matter 
 to be considered. In the case of the Illinois Central road, which formerly 
 transferred to other lines at Cairo the vast burden of freight destined for 
 the Gulf region, we now see the incorporation of the tracks connecting 
 through to New Orleans, every mile co-operating in turning toward the 
 northwestern metropolis the weight of the inter-state commerce of a 
 thousand miles or more of fertile plantations. Three competing routes 
 to Texas have established in Chicago their general freight and passenger 
 agencies. Four or five lines compete for all Pacific freights to a point as 
 as far as the interior of Nebraska. Half a dozen or more splendid bridge 
 structures have been thrown across the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers by 
 the railways. The Chicago and Northwestern line has become an aggre- 
 gation of over two thousand miles of rail, and the Chicago, Milwaukee 
 and St. Paul is its close rival in extent and importance. The three lines 
 running to Cairo via Vincennes form a through route for all traffic with 
 the states to the southward. The chief projects now under discussion 
 are the Chicago and Atlantic, which is to unite with lines now built to 
 Charleston, and the Chicago and Canada Southern, which line will con- 
 nect with all the various branches of that Canadian enterprise. Our 
 latest new road is the Chicago and Lake Huron, formed of Hiree lines, 
 and entering the city from Valparaiso on the Pittsburgli, Fort Wajnie 
 and Chicago track. The trunk lines being mainly in operation, the 
 progress made in the way of shortening tracks, making air-line branches, 
 and running extensions does not show to the advantage it deserves, as 
 this process is constantly adding new facilities to the established order 
 of things. The panic reduced the price of steel to a point where the 
 railways could hardly afford to use iron rails, and all our northwestern 
 lines report large relays of Bessemer track. The immense crops now 
 being moved have given a great rise to the value of railway stocks, and 
 their transportation must result in heavy pecuniary advantages. 
 
 Few are aware of the importance of the wholesale and jobbing trade 
 of Chicago. One leading firm has since the panic sold ;f24,0(X),000 of 
 dry goods in one year, and they now expect most confidently to add 
 seventy per cent, to the figures of their last year's business. In boots 
 and shoes and in clothing, twenty or more great firms from the east have 
 placed here their distributing agents or their factories ; and in groceries 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 81 
 
 Chicago supplies the entire Northwest at rates presenting advantages 
 over New York. 
 
 Chicago has stepped in between New York and the rural banks as a 
 financial center, and scarcely a banking institution in the grain or cattle 
 regions but keeps its reserve funds in the vaults of our commercial insti- 
 tutions. Accumulating here throughout the spring and summer monthsr 
 they are summoned home at pleasure to move the products of the 
 prairies. This process greatly strengthens the northwest in its financial 
 operations, leaving home capital to supplement local operations ort 
 behalf of home interests. 
 
 It is impossible to forecast the destiny of this grand and growing 
 section of the Union. Figures and predictions made at this date might 
 seem ten years hence so ludicrously small as to excite only derision.. 
 
 KTNZIE HOUSE. 
 
Early History of Illinois. 
 
 The name of this beautiful Prairie State is derived from Illim, a 
 Delaware word signifying Superior Men. It has a French termination, 
 and is a symbol of how the two races — the French and the Indians — 
 were intermixed during the early history of the country. 
 
 The appellation was no doubt well applied to the primitive inhabit- 
 ants of the soil whose prowess in savage warfare long withstood the 
 combined attacks of the fierce Iroquois on the one side, and the no less 
 savage and relentless Sacs and Foxes on the other. The Illinois were 
 once a powerful confederacy, occupying the most beautiful and fertile 
 region in the great Valle}' of the Mississippi, which their enemies coveted 
 and struggled long and hard to wrest from them. By the fortunes of 
 war they were diminished in numbers, and finally destroyed. " Starved 
 Rock," on the Illinois River, according to tradition, commemorates their 
 last tragedy, where, it is said, the entire tribe starved rather than sur- 
 render. 
 
 EARLY DISCOVERIES. 
 
 The first European discoveries in Illinois date back over two hun- 
 dred years. They are a part of that movement which, from the begin- 
 ning to the middle of the seventeenth centur}-, brought the French 
 Canadian missionaries and fur traders into the Valley of the Mississippi,' 
 and which, at a later period, established the civil and ecclesiastical 
 authority of France from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico, 
 and from the foot-hills of the Alleghanies to the Rocky Mountains. 
 
 The great river of the West had been discovered by DeSoto, the 
 Spanish conqueror of Florida, three quarters of a century before the 
 French founded Quebec in 1G08, but the Spanish left the country a wil- 
 derness, without further exploration or settlement within its borders, in 
 which condition it remained until the Mississippi was discovered by the 
 agents of the French Canadian government, Joliet and Marquette, in 1673. 
 These renowned explorers were not the first white visitors to Illinois. 
 In 1671 — two years in advance of them — came Nicholas Perrot to Chicago 
 He had been sent by Talon as an agent of the Canadian government tc 
 
 88 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 
 
90 HISTORY OP THE STATE OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 call a great peace convention of "Western Indians at Green Bay, prepara- 
 tory to the movement for the discovery of the Mississippi. It was 
 deemed a good stroke of policy to secure, as far as possible, the friend- 
 ship and co-operation of tlie Indians, far and near, before venturing upon 
 an enterprise which their hostility might render disastrous, and which 
 their friendship and assistance would do so much to make successful ; 
 and to this end Perrot was sent to call together in council the tribes 
 throughout the Northwest, and to promise them the commerce and pro- 
 tection of the French government. He accordingly arrived at Green 
 Bay in 1671, and procuring an escort of Pottawattamies, proceeded in a 
 bark canoe upon a visit to the Miamis, at Chicago. Perrot was there- 
 fore the first European to set foot upon the soil of Illinois. 
 
 Still there were others before Marquette. In 1672, the Jesuit mis- 
 sionaries. Fathers Claude Allouez and Claude Dablon, bore the standard 
 of the Cross from their mission at Green Bay through western Wisconsin 
 and northern Illinois, visiting the Foxes on Fox River, and the Masquo- 
 tines and Kickapoos at the mouth of the Milwaukee. These missionaries 
 penetrated on the route afterwards followed by Marquette as far as the 
 Kickapoo village at the head of Lake Winnebago, where Marquette, in 
 his journey, secured guides across the portage to the Wisconsin. 
 
 The oft-repeated story of Marquette and Joliet is well known. 
 They were the agents employed by the Canadian government to discover 
 the Mississippi. Marquette was a native of France, born in 1637, a 
 Jesuit priest by education, and a man of simple faith and of great zeal and 
 devotion in extending the Roman Catholic religion among the Indians. 
 Arriving in Canada in 1666, he was sent as a missionary to the far 
 Northwest, and, in 1668, founded a mission at Sault Ste. Marie. The 
 following year he moved to La Pointe, in Lake Superior, where he 
 instructed a branch of the Hurons till 1670, when he removed south, and 
 founded the mission at St. Ignace, on the Straits of Mackinaw. Here 
 he remained, devoting a portion of his time to the study of the Illinois 
 language under a native teacher who had accompanied him to the mission 
 from La Pointe, till he was joined by Joliet in the Spring of 1673. By 
 the way of Green Bay and the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, they entered 
 the Mississippi, which they explored to the mouth of the Arkansas, and 
 returned by the way of the Illinois and Chicago Rivers to Lake Michigan. 
 
 On his way up the Illinois, Marquette visited the great village of 
 the Kaskaskias, near what is now Utica, in the county of LaSalle. The 
 following year he returned and established among them the mission of 
 the Immaculate Virgin Mary, which was the first Jesuit mission founded 
 in Illinois and in the Mississippi Valley. The intervening winter he 
 had spent in a hut which his companions erected on the Chicago River, a 
 few leagues from its mouth. The founding of this mission was the last 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 91 
 
 act of Marquette's life. He died in Michigan, on his way back to Green 
 Bay, May 18, 1675. 
 
 FIRST FRENCH OCCUPATION. 
 
 The first French occupation of the territory now embraced in Illi- 
 nois Avas effected by LaSalle in 1680, seven years after the time of Mar- 
 quette and Joliet. LaSalle, having constructed a vessel, the " Griffin," 
 above the falls of Niagara, which he sailed to Green Bay, and havings 
 passed thence in canoes to the mouth of the St. Joseph River, by which 
 and the Kankakee he reached the Illinois, in January, 1680, erected Fort 
 Crevecceur^ at the lower end of Peoria Lake, where the city of Peoria is. 
 now situated. The place where this ancient fort stood may still be seen 
 just below the outlet of Peoria Lake. It was destined, however, to a 
 temporary existence. From this point, LaSalle determined to descend 
 the Mississippi to its mouth, but did not accomplish this purpose till two 
 years later — in 1682. Returning to Fort Frontenac for the purpose of 
 getting materials with which to rig his vessel, he left the fort in charge of 
 Touti, his lieutenant, who during his absence was driven off by the Iro- 
 quois Indians. These savages had made a raid upon the settlement of 
 the Illinois, and had left nothing in their track but ruin and desolation. 
 Mr. Davidson, in his History of Illinois, gives the following graphic 
 account of the picture that met the eyes of LaSalle and his companions 
 on their return : 
 
 " At the great town of the Illinois they were appalled at the scene 
 which opened to their view. No hunter appeared to break its death-like 
 silence with a salutatory whoop ot welcome. The plain on which the 
 town had stood was now strewn with charred fragments of lodges, which 
 had so recently swarmed with savage life and hilarity. To render more 
 hideous the picture of desolation, large numbers of skulls had been 
 placed on the upper extremities of lodge-poles which had escaped the 
 devouring flames. In the midst of these horrors was the rude fort of 
 the spoilers, rendered frightful by the same ghastly relics. A near 
 approach showed that the graves had been robbed of their bodies, and 
 swarms of buzzards were discovered glutting their loathsome stomachs 
 on the reeking corruption. To complete the work of destruction, the 
 growing corn of the village had been cut down and burned, while the 
 pits containing the products of previous years, had been rifled and their 
 contents scattered with wanton waste. It was evident the suspected 
 blow of the Iroquois had fallen with relentless fury." 
 
 Tonti had escaped LaSalle knew not whither. Passing down the 
 lake in search of him and his men, LaSalle discovered that the fort had 
 been destroyed, but the vessel which he had partly constructed was still 
 
9J HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 on the stocks, and but slightly injured. After further fruitless search, 
 failing to find Tonti, he fastened to a tree a painting representing himself 
 and party sitting in a canoe and bearing a pipe of peace, and to the paint- 
 ing attached a letter addressed to Tonti. 
 
 Tonti had escaped, and, after untold privations, taken shelter among 
 the Pottawattamies near Green Bay. These were friendly to the French. 
 One of their old chiefs used to say, " There were but three great cap- 
 tains in the world, himself, Tonti and LaSalle." 
 
 GENIUS OF LaSALLE. 
 
 We must now return to LaSalle, whose exploits stand out in such 
 bold relief. He was born in Rouen, France, in 1643. His father was 
 wealthy, but he renounced his patrimony on entering a college of the 
 Jesuits, from which he separated and came to Canada a poor man in 1666. 
 The priests of St. Sulpice, among whom he had a brother, were then the 
 proprietors of Montreal, the nucleus of which was a seminary or con- 
 vent founded by that order. The Superior granted to LaSalle a large 
 tract of land at LaChine, where he established himself in the fur trade. 
 He was a man of daring genius, and outstripped all his competitors in 
 exploits of travel and commerce with the Indians. In 1669, he visited 
 the headquarters of the great Iroquois Confederacy, at Onondaga, in the 
 heart of New York, and, obtaining guides, explored the Ohio River to 
 the falls at Louisville. 
 
 In order to understand the genius of LaSalle, it must be remembered 
 that for many years prior to his time the missionaries and traders were 
 obliged to make their way to the "Northwest by the Ottawa River (of 
 Canada) on account of the fierce hostility of the Iroquois along the lower 
 lakes and Niagara River, which entirely closed this latter route to the 
 Upper Lakes. They carried on their commerce chiefly b}^ canoes, pad- 
 dling them through the Ottawa to Lake Nipissing, carrying them across 
 the portage to French River, and descending that to Lake Huron^ This 
 being the route by which they reached the Northwest, accounts for the 
 fact that all the earliest Jesuit missions were established in the neighbor- 
 hood of the Upper Lakes. LaSalle conceived the grand idea of opening 
 the route by Niagara River and the Lower Lakes to Canadian commerce 
 by sail vessels, connecting it with the navigation of the Mississippi, and 
 thus opening a magnificent water communication from the Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico. This truly grand and comprehensive 
 purpose seems to have animated him in all his wonderful achievements 
 and the matchless difficulties and hardships he surmounted. As the first 
 step in the accomplishment of this object he established himself on Lake 
 Ontario, and built and garrisoned Fort Frontenac, the site of the present 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 93 
 
 city of Kingston, Canada. Here he obtained a grant of land from the 
 French crown and a body of troops by which he beat back the invading 
 Iroquois and cleared the passage to Niagara Falls. Having by this mas- 
 terly stroke made it safe to attempt a hitherto untried expedition, his 
 next step, as we have seen, was to advance to the Falls with all his 
 outfit for building a ship with which to sail the lakes. He was success- 
 ful in this undertaking, though his ultimate purpose was defeated by a 
 strange combination of untoward circumstances. The Jesuits evidently 
 hated LaSalle and plotted against him, because he had abandoned them 
 and co-operated with a rival order. The fur traders were also jealous of 
 his superior success in opening new channels of commerce. At LaChine 
 he had taken the trade of Lake Ontario, which but for his presence there 
 would have gone to Quebec. While they were plodding with their barK 
 canoes through the Ottawa he was constructing sailing vessels to com- 
 mand the trade of the lakes and the Mississippi. These great plans 
 excited the jealousy and envy of the small traders, introduced treason and 
 revolt into the ranks of his own companions, and finally led to the foul 
 assassination by which his great achievements were prematurely ended. 
 In 1682, LaSalle, having completed his vessel at Peoria, descended 
 the Mississippi to its confluence with the Gulf of Mexico. Erecting a 
 standard on which he inscribed the arms of France, he took formal pos- 
 session of the whole valley of the mighty river, in the name of Louis 
 XIV., then reigning, in honor of whom he named the country Louisiana. 
 LaSalle then went to France, was appointed Governor, and returned 
 with a fleet and immigrants, for the purpose of planting a colony in Illi- 
 nois. They arrived in due time in the Gulf of Mexico, but failing to 
 find the mouth of the Mississippi, up which LaSalle intended to sail, his 
 supply ship, with the immigrants, was driven ashore and wrecked on 
 Matagorda Bay. With the fragments of the vessel he constructed a 
 stockade and rude huts on the shore for the protection of the immigrants, 
 calling the post Fort St. Louis. He then made a trip into New Mexico, 
 in search of silver mines, but, meeting with disappointment, returned to 
 find his little colony reduced to forty souls. He then resolved to travel 
 on foot to Illinois, and, starting with his companions, had reached the 
 valley of the Colorado, near the mouth of Trinity river, when he was 
 shot by one of his men. This occurred on the 19th of March, 1687. 
 
 Dr. J. W. Foster remarks of him : " Thus fell, not far from the banks 
 of the Trinity, Robert Cavalier de la Salle, one of the grandest charac- 
 ters that ever figured in American history — a man capable of originating 
 the vastest schemes, and endowed with a will and a judgment capable of 
 carrying them to successful results. Had ample facilities been placed by 
 the King of France at his disposal, the result of the colonization of this 
 continent misfht have been far different from what we now behold." 
 
94 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 A temporary settlement was made at Fort St. Louis, or the old Kas- 
 kaskia village, on the Illinois River, in what is now LaSalle County, in 
 1682. In 1690, this was removed, with the mission connected with it, to 
 Kaskaskia, on the river of that name, emptying into the lower Mississippi 
 in St. Clair County. Cahokia was settled about the same time, or at 
 least, both of these settlements began in the year 1690, though it is now 
 pretty well settled that Cahokia is tiie older place, and ranks as the oldest 
 permanent settlement in IllinoiH, as well as in the Mississippi Valley. 
 The reason for the removal of the aid Kaskaskia settlement and mission, 
 was probably because the dangerous and difficult route by Lake Michigan 
 and the Chicago portage had beea almost abandoned, and travelers and 
 traders passed down and up the Mississippi by the Fox and Wisconsin 
 River route. They removed to the vicinity of the Mississippi in order 
 to be in the line of travel from Canada to Louisiana, that is, the lower 
 part of it, for it was all Louisiana then south of the lakes. 
 
 During the period of French rule in Louisiana, the population prob- 
 ably never exceeded ten thousand, including whites and blacks. Within 
 that portion of it now included in Indiana, trading posts were established 
 at the principal Miami villages which stood on the head waters of the 
 Maumee, the Wea villages situated at Ouiatenon, on the Wabash, and 
 the Piankeshaw villages at Post Vincennes ; all of which were probably 
 visited by French traders and missionaries before the close of the seven- 
 teenth century. 
 
 In the vast territory claimed by the French, many settlements of 
 considerable importance had sprung up. Biloxi, on Mobile Bay, had 
 been founded by DTberville, in 1699 ; Antoine de Lamotte Cadillac had 
 founded Detroit in 1701 ; and New Orleans had been founded by Bien- 
 ville, under the auspices of the Mississippi Company, in 1718. In Illi- 
 nois also, considerable settlements had been made, so that in 1730 they 
 embraced one hundred and forty French families, about six hundred " con- 
 verted Indians," and many traders and voj^ageurs. In that portion of the 
 country, on the east side of the Mississippi, there were five distinct set- 
 tlements, with their respective villages, viz. : Cahokia, near the mouth 
 of Cahokia Creek and about five miles below the present city of St. 
 Louis ; St. Philip, about forty-five miles below Cahokia, and four miles 
 above Fort Chartres ; Fort Chartres, twelve miles above Kaskaskia ; 
 Kaskaskia, situated on the Kaskaskia River, five miles above its conflu- 
 ence with the Mississippi; and Prairie du Rocher, near Fort Chartres. 
 To these must be added St. Genevieve and St. Louis, on tlie west side 
 of the Mississippi. These, with the exception of St. Louis, are among 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 95 
 
 the oldest French towns in the Mississippi Valley. Kaskaskia, in its best 
 days, was a town of some two or three thousand inhabitants. After it 
 passed from the crown of France its population for many years did not 
 exceed fifteen hundred. Under British rule, in 1773, the population had 
 decreased to four hundred and fifty. As early as 1721, the Jesuits had 
 established a college and a monastery in Kaskaskia. 
 
 Fort Chartres was first built under the direction of the Mississippi 
 Company, in 1718, by M. de Boisbraint, a military officer, under command 
 of Bienville. It stood on the east bank of the Mississippi, about eighteen 
 miles below Kaskaskia, and was for some time the headquarters of the 
 military commandants of the district of Illinois. 
 
 In the Centennial Oration of Dr. Fowler, delivered at Philadelphia, 
 by appointment of Gov. Beveridge, we find some interesting facts with 
 regard to the State of Illinois, which we appropriate in this history: 
 
 In 1682 Illinois became a possession of the French crown, a depend- 
 ency of Canada, and a part of Louisiana. In 1765 the English flag was 
 run up on old Fort Chartres, and Illinois was counted among the treas- 
 ures of Great Britain. 
 
 In 1779 it was taken from the English by Col. George Rogers Clark. 
 This man was resolute in nature, wise in council, prudent in policy, bold 
 in action, and heroic in danger. Few men who have figured in the his- 
 tory of America are more deserving than this colonel. Nothing short of 
 first-class ability could have rescued Vincens and all Illinois from the 
 English. And it is not possible to over-estimate the influence of this 
 achievement upon the republic. In 1779 Illinois became a part of Vir- 
 ginia. It was soon known as Illinois County. In 1781 Virginia ceded 
 all this territory to the general government, to be cut into States, to be 
 republican in form, with " the same right of sovereignty, freedom, and 
 independence as the other States." 
 
 In 1787 it was the object of the wisest and ablest legislation found 
 in any merely human records. No man can study the secret history of 
 
 THE "COMPACT OF 1787," 
 
 and not feel that Providence was guiding with sleepless eye these unborn 
 States. The ordinance that on July 13, 1787, finally became the incor- 
 porating act, has a most marvelous history. Jefferson had vainly tried 
 to secure a system of government for the northwestern territory. He 
 w^as an emancipationist of that day, and favored the exclusion of slavery 
 from the territory Virginia had ceded to the general government; but 
 the South voted him down as often as it came up. In 1787, as late as 
 July 10, an organizing act without the anti-slavery clause was pending. 
 This concession to the South was expected to carry it. Congress was in 
 
96 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 session in New York City. On July 5, Rev. Dr. Manasseh Cutler, of 
 Massachusetts, came into New York to lobby on the northwestern terri- 
 tory. Everything seemed to fall into his hands. Events were ripe. 
 
 The state of the public credit, the growing of Southern prejudice, 
 the basis of his mission, his personal character, all combined to complete 
 one of those sudden and marvelous revolutions of public sentiment that 
 once in five or ten centuries are seen to sweep over a country like the 
 breath of the Almighty. Cutler was a graduate of Yale — received his 
 A.M. from Harvard, and his D.D. from Yale. He had studied and taken 
 degrees in the three learned professions, medicine, law, and divinity. He 
 had thus America's best indorsement. He had published a scientific 
 examination of the plants of New England. His name stood second only 
 to that of Franklin as a scientist in America. He was a courtly gentle- 
 man of the old style, a man of commanding presence, and of inviting 
 face. The Southern members said the}'" had never seen such a gentleman 
 in the North. He came representing a compan}' that desired to purchase 
 a tract of land now included in Ohio, for the purpose of planting a coloin-. 
 It was a speculation. Government money was worth eighteen cents on 
 the dollar. This Massachusetts company had collected enough to pur- 
 chase 1,500,000 acres of land. Other speculators in New York made 
 Dr. Cutler their agent (lobbyist). On the 12th he represented a demand 
 for 5,500,000 acres. This would reduce the national debt. Jefferson 
 and Virginia were regarded as authority concerning the land Virginia 
 had just ceded. Jefferson's policy wanted to provide for the public credit, 
 and this was a good opportunity to do something. 
 
 Massachusetts then owned the territor}^ of Maine, which she was 
 crowding on the market. She was opposed to opening the northwestern 
 region. This fired the zeal of Virginia. The South caught the inspira- 
 tion, and all exalted Dr. Cutler. The English minister invited him to 
 dine with some of the Southern gentlemen. He was the center of interest. 
 
 The entire South rallied round him. Massachusetts could not vote 
 against him, because many of the constituents of her members were 
 interested personally in the western speculation. Thus Cutler, making 
 friends with the South, and, doubtless, using all the arts of the lobby, 
 was enabled to command the situation. True to deeper convictions, he 
 dictated one of the most compact and finished documents of wise states- 
 manship that has ever adorned any human law book. He borrowed from 
 Jefferson the term " Articles of Compact," which, preceding tlie federal 
 constitution, rose into the most sacred character. He then followed very 
 closely the constitution of Massachusetts, adopted three years before. 
 Its most marked points were : 
 
 1. The exclusion of slavery from the territory forever. 
 
 2. Provision for public schools, giving one township for a seminary, 
 
 1 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 97 
 
 and every section numbered 16 in each township ; that is, one-thirty-sixth 
 of all the land, for public schools. 
 
 3. A provision prohibiting the adoption of any constitution or the 
 enactment of any law that should nullify pre-existing contracts. 
 
 Be it forever remembered that this compact declared that " Religion, 
 morality, and knowledge being necessary to good government and the 
 happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall always 
 be encouraged." 
 
 Dr. Cutler planted himself on this platform and would not yield. 
 Giving his unqualified declaration that it was that or nothing — that unless 
 they could make the land desirable they did not want it — he took his 
 horse and buggy, and started for the constitutional convention in Phila- 
 delphia. On July 13, 1787, the bill was put upon its passage, and was 
 unanimously adopted, every Southern member voting for it, and only one 
 man, Mr. Yates, of New York, voting against it. But as the States voted 
 as States, Yates lost his vote, and the compact was put beyond repeal. 
 
 Thus the great States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wis- 
 consin — a vast empire, the heart of the great valley — were consecrated 
 to freedom, intelligence, and honesty. Thus the great heart of the nation 
 was prepared for a year and a day and an hour. In the light of these eighty- 
 nine years I affirm that this act was the salvation of the republic and the 
 destruction of slavery. Soon the South saw their great blunder, and 
 tried to repeal the compact. In 1803 Congress referred it to a committee 
 of which John Randolph was chairman. He reported that this ordinance 
 was a compact, and opposed repeal. Thus it stood a rock, in the way 
 of the on-rushing sea of slavery. 
 
 With all this timely aid it was, after all, a most desperate and pro- 
 tracted struggle to keep the soil of Illinois sacred to freedom. It was 
 the natural battle-field for the irrepressible conflict. In the southern end 
 of the State slavery preceded the compact. It existed among the old 
 French settlers, and was hard to eradicate. The southern part of the 
 State was settled from the slave States, and this population brought their 
 laws, customs, and institutions with them. A stream of population from 
 the North poured into the northern part of the State. These sections 
 misunderstood and hated each other perfectly. The Southerners regarded 
 the Yankees as a skinning, tricky, penurious race of peddlers, filling the 
 country with tinware, brass clocks, and wooden nutmegs. The North- 
 erner thought of the Southerner as a lean, lank, lazy creature, burrowing 
 in a hut, and rioting in whisky, dirt and ignorance. These causes aided 
 in making the struggle long and bitter. So strong was the sympathy 
 with slavery that, in spite of the ordinance of 1787, and in spite of the 
 deed of cession, it was determined to allow the old French settlers to 
 retain their slaves. Planters from the slave States might bring their 
 
98 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 slaves, if they would give them a chance to choose freedom or years 
 of service and bondage for their children till they should become 
 thirty years of age. If they chose freedom they must leave the State 
 in sixty days or be sold as fugitives. Servants were whipped for offenses 
 for which white men are fined. Each lash paid forty cents of the fine. A 
 negro ten miles from home without a pass was whipped. These famous 
 laws were imported from the slave States just as they imported laws foi 
 the inspection of flax and wool when there was neither in the State. 
 
 These Black Laws are now wiped out. A vigorous effort was made 
 to protect slavery in the State Constitution of 1817. It barely failed. 
 It was renewed in 1825, when a convention was asked to make a new 
 constitution. After a hard fight the convention was defeated. But 
 slaves did not disappear from the census of the State until 1850. There 
 were mobs and murders in the interest of slavery. Lovejoy was added 
 to the list of martyrs — a sort of first-fruits of that long life of immortal 
 heroes who saw freedom as the one supreme desire of their souls, and 
 were so enamored of her that they preferred to die rather than survive her. 
 
 The population of 12,282 that occupied the territory in A.D. 1800, 
 increased to 45,000 in A.D. 1818, when the State Constitution was 
 adopted, and Illinois took her place in the Union, with a star on the flag 
 and two votes in the Senate. 
 
 Shadrach Bond was the first Governor, and in his first message he 
 recommended the construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal. 
 
 The simple economy in those days is seen in the fact that the entire 
 bill for stationery for the first Legislature was only $13.50. Yet this 
 simple body actually enacted a very superior code. 
 
 There was no money in the territory before the war of 1812. Deer 
 skins and coon skins were the circulating medium. In 1821, the Legis- 
 lature ordained a State Bank on the credit of the State. It issued notes 
 in the likeness of bank bills. These notes were made a legal tender for 
 every thing, and the bank was ordered to loan to the people $100 on per- 
 sonal security, and more on mortgages. They actually passed a resolu- 
 tion requesting the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States to 
 receive these notes for land. The old French Lieutenant Governor, Col. 
 Menard, put the resolution as follows: " Gentlemen of the Senate : It is 
 moved and seconded dat de notes of dis bank be made land-office money. 
 All in favor of dat motion say aye ; all against it say no. It is decided 
 in de affirmative. Now, gentlemen, I bet you one hundred dollar he 
 never be land-office money ! " Hard sense, like hard money, is always 
 above par. 
 
 This old Frenchman presents a fine figure up against the dark back- 
 ground of most of his nation. They made no progress. They clung to 
 their earliest and simplest implements. They never wore hats or caps* 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS . 99 
 
 They pulled their blankets over their heads in the winter like the Indians, 
 with whom they freely intermingled. 
 
 Demagogism had an early development. One John Grammar (only 
 in name), elected to the Territorial and State Legislatures of 1816 and 
 1836, invented the policy of opposing every new thing, saying, " If it 
 succeeds, no one will ask who voted against it. If it proves a failure, he 
 could quote its record." In sharp contrast with Grammar was the char- 
 acter of D. P. Cook, after whom the county containing Chicago was 
 named. Such was his transparent integrity and remarkable ability that 
 his will was almost the law of the State. In Congress, a young man, 
 and from a poor State, he was made Chairman of the Ways and Means 
 Committee. He was pre-eminent for standing by his committee, regard- 
 less of consequences. It was his integrity that elected John Quincy 
 Adams to the Presidency. There were four candidates in 1821, Jackson, 
 CLiy, Crawford, and Jolm Quincy Adams. There being no choice by the 
 people, the election was thrown into tlie House. It was so balanced that 
 it turned on his vote, and that he cast for Adams, electing him ; then 
 went home to face the wratli of the Jackson party in Illinois. It cost 
 liim all but character and greatness. It is a suggestive comment on the 
 times, that there was no legal interest till 1830. It often reached 150 
 per cent., usually 50 per cent. Then it was reduced to 12, and now to 
 10 per cent. 
 
 PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE PRAIRIE STATE. 
 
 In area the State has 55,410 square miles of territory. It is about 
 150 miles wide and 400 miles long, stretching in latitude from Maine to 
 North Carolina. It embraces wide variety of climate. It is tempered 
 on the north by the great inland, saltless, tideless sea, which keeps the 
 thermometer from either extreme. Being a table land, from 600 to 1,600 
 feet above the level of the sea, one is prepared to find on the health 
 maps, prepared by the general government, an almost clean and perfect 
 record. In freedom from fever and malarial diseases and consumptions, 
 the three deadly enemies of the American Saxon, Illinois, as a State, 
 stands without a superior. She furnishes one of the essential conditions 
 of a great people — sound bodies. I suspect that this fact lies back of 
 that old Delaware word, Illini, superior men. 
 
 The great battles of history that have been determinative of dynas- 
 ties and destinies have been strategical battles, chiefly the question of 
 position. Thermopylae has been the war-cry of freemen for twenty-four 
 centuries. It only tells how much there may be in position. All this 
 advantage belongs to Illinois. It is in the heart of the greatest valley in 
 the world, the vast region between the mountains — a valley that could 
 
100 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. * 
 
 feed mankind for one thousand years. It is well on toward the center of 
 the continent. It is in the great temperate belt, in which have been 
 found nearly all the aggressive civilizations of history. It has sixty-five 
 miles of frontage on the head of the lake. With the Mississippi forming 
 the western and southern boundary, with the Ohio running along the 
 southeastern line, with the Illinois River and Canal dividing the State 
 diagonally from the lake to the Lower Mississippi, and with the Rock and 
 Wabash Rivers furnishing altogether 2,000 miles of water-front, con- 
 necting with, and running through, in all about 12,000 miles of navi- 
 gable water. 
 
 But this is not all. These waters are made most available by the 
 fact that the lake and the State lie on the ridge running into the great 
 valley from the east. Within cannon-shot of the lake the water runs 
 away from the lake to the Gulf. The lake now empties at both ends, 
 one into the Atlantic and one into the Gulf of Mexico. The lake thus 
 seems to hang over the land. This makes the dockage most serviceable ; 
 there are no steep banks to damage it. Both lake and river are made 
 for use. 
 
 The climate varies from Portland to Richmond ; it favors every pro- 
 duct of the continent, including the tropics, with less than half a dozen 
 exceptions. It produces every great nutriment of the world except ban- 
 anas and rice. It is hardly too much to say that it is the most productive 
 spot known to civilization. With the soil full of bread and the earth full 
 of minerals ; with an upper surface of food and an under layer of fuel ; 
 with perfect natural drainage, and abundant springs and streams and 
 navigable rivers ; half way between the forests of the North and the fruits 
 of the South ; within a day's ride of the great deposits of iron, coal, cop- 
 per, lead, and zinc ; containing and controlling the great grain, cattle, 
 pork, and lumber markets of the world, it is not strange that Illinois has 
 the advantage of position. 
 
 This advantage has been supplemented by the character of the popu- 
 lation. In the early days when Illinois was first admitted to the Union, 
 her population were chiefly from Kentucky and Virginia. But, in the 
 conflict of ideas concerning slavery, a strong tide of emigration came in 
 from the East, and soon changed this composition. In 1870 her non- 
 native population were from colder soils. New York furnished 133,290 ; 
 Ohio gave 162,623; Pennsylvania sent on 98,352; the entire South gave 
 us only 206,734. In all her cities, and in all her German and Scandina- 
 vian and other foreign colonies, Illinois has only about one-fifth of her 
 people of foreign birth. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. IQl 
 
 PROGRESS OF DEVELOPMENT. 
 
 One of the greatest elements in the early development of Illinois is 
 the I'llinois and Michigan Canal, connecting the Illinois and Mississippi 
 Rivers with the lakes. It was of the utmost importance to the State. 
 It was recommended by Gov. Bond, the first governor, in his first message. 
 In 1821, the Legislature appropriated $10,000 for surveying the route. 
 Two bright young engineers surveyed it, and estimated the cost at 
 $600,000 or 1700,000. It finally cost $8,000,000. In 1825, a law was 
 passed to incorporate the Canal Company, but no stock was sold. In 
 1826, upon the solicitation of Cook, Congress gave 800,000 acres of land 
 on the line of the work. In 1828, another law — commissioners appointed, 
 and work commenced with new survey and new estimates. In 1834-35, 
 George Farquhar made an able report on the whole matter. This was, 
 doubtless, the ablest report ever made to a western legislature, and it 
 became the model for subsequent reports and action. From this the 
 work went on till it was finished in 1848. It cost the State a large 
 amount of money ; but it gave to the industries of the State an impetus 
 that pushed it up into the first rank of greatness. It was not built as a 
 speculation any more than a doctor is employed on a speculation. But 
 it has paid into the Treasary of the State an average annual net sum of 
 over $111,000. 
 
 Pending the construction of the canal, the land and town-lot fevei 
 broke out in the State, in 1834-35. It took on the malignant type in 
 Chicago, lifting the town up into a city. The disease spread over the 
 entire State and adjoining States. It was epidemic. It cut up men's 
 farms without regard to locality, and Jut up the purses of the purchasers 
 without regard to consequences. It is estimated that building lots enough 
 were sold in Indiana alone to accomixiodate every citizen then in the 
 United States. 
 
 Towns and cities were exported to the Eastern market by the ship- 
 load. There was no lack of buyers. Every up-ship came freighted with 
 speculators and their money. 
 
 This distemper seized upon the Legislature in 1836-37, and left not 
 one to tell the tale. • They enacted a system of internal improvement 
 without a parallel in the grandeur of its conception. They ordered the 
 construction of 1,300 miles of railroad, crossing the State in all direc- 
 tions. This was surpassed by the river and canal improvements. 
 There were a few counties not touched by either railroad or river or 
 canal, and those were to be comforted and compensated by the free dis- 
 tribution of $200,000 among them. To inflate this balloon beyond cre- 
 dence it was ordered that work should be commenced on both ejids of 
 
102 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 each of these railroads and rivers, and at each river-crossing, all at the 
 same time. The appropriations for these vast improvements were over 
 $12,000,000, and commissioners were appointed to borrow the money on 
 the credit of the State. Remember that all this was in tlie early days of 
 railroading, when railroads were luxuries ; that the State had whole 
 counties with scarcely a cabin ; and that the population of the State was 
 less than 400,000, and you can form some idea of the vigor with which 
 these brave men undertook the work of making a great State. In the 
 light of history I am compelled to say that this was only a premature 
 throb of the power that actually slumbered in the soil of the State. It 
 was Hercules in the cradle. 
 
 At this juncture the State Bank loaned its funds largely to Godfrey 
 Oilman & Co., and to other leading houses, for the purpose of drawing 
 trade from St. Louis to Alton. Soon they failed, and took down the 
 bank with them. 
 
 In 1840, all hope seemed gone. A population of 480,000 were loaded 
 with a debt of $14,000,000. It had only six small cities, really only 
 towns, namely : Chicago, Alton, Springfield, Quincy, Galena, Nauvoo. 
 This debt was to be cared for when there was not a dollar in the treas- 
 ury, and when the State had borrowed itself out of all credit, and when 
 there was not good money enough in the hands of all the people to pay 
 the interest of the debt for a single year. Yet, in the presence of all 
 these difficulties, the young State steadily refused to repudiate. Gov. 
 Ford took hold of the problem and solved it, bringing the State through 
 in triumph. 
 
 Having touched lightly upon some of the more distinctive points in 
 the history of the development of Illinois, let us next briefly consider the 
 
 MATERIAL RESOURCES OF THE STATE. 
 
 It is a garden four hundred miles long and one hundred and fifty 
 miles wide. Its soil is chiefly a black sandy loam, from six inches to 
 sixty feet thick. On the American bottoms it has been cultivated for 
 one hundred and fifty years without renewal. About the old French 
 towns it has yielded corn for a century and a half without rest or help. 
 It produces nearly everything green in the temperate and tropical zones. 
 She leads all other States in the number of acres actually under plow. 
 Her products from 25,000,000 of acres are incalculable. Her mineral 
 wealth is scarcely second to her agricultural power. She has coal, iron, 
 lead, copper, zinc, many varieties of building stone, fire clay, cuma clay, 
 common brick clay, sand of all kinds, gravel, mineral paint — every thing 
 needed for a high civilization. Left to herself, she has the elements of 
 all greatness. The single item of coal is too vast for an appreciative 
 
 ' 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 103 
 
 handling in figures. We can handle it in general terms like algebraical 
 signs, but long before we get up into the millions and billions the human 
 mind drops down from comprehension to mere symbolic apprehension. 
 
 When I tell you that nearly four-fifths of the entire State is under- 
 laid with a deposit of coal more than forty feet thick on the average (now 
 estimated, by recent surveys, at seventy feet thick), you can get some 
 idea of its amount, as you do of the amount of the national debt. There 
 it is ! 41,000 square miles — one vast mine into which you could put 
 any of the States ; in which you could bury scores of European and 
 ancient empires, and have room enough all round to work without know- 
 ing that they had been sepulchered there. 
 
 Put this vast coal-bed down by the other great coal deposits of the 
 world, and its importance becomes manifest. Great Britain has 12,000 
 square miles of coal; Spain, 3,000; France, 1,719 ; Belgium, 578 ; Illinois 
 about twice as many square miles as all combined. Virginia has 20,000 
 square miles ; Pennsylvania, 16,000 ; Ohio, 12,000. Illinois has 41,000 
 square miles. One-seventh of all the known coal on this continent is in 
 Illinois. 
 
 Could we sell the coal in this single State for one-seventh of one cent 
 a ton it would pay the national debt. Converted into power, even with 
 the wastage in our common engines, it would do more work than could 
 be done by the entire race, beginning at Adam's wedding and working 
 ten hours a day through all the centuries till the present time, and right 
 on into the future at the same rate for the next 600,000 years. 
 
 Great Britain uses enough mechanical power to-day to give to each 
 man, woman, and child in the kingdom the help and service of nineteen 
 untiring servants. No wonder she has leisure and luxuries. No wonder 
 the home of the common artisan has in it more luxuries than could be 
 found in the palace of good old King Arthur. Think, if you can conceive 
 of it, of the vast army of servants that slumber in the soil of Illinois, 
 impatiently awaiting the call of Genius to come forth to minister to our 
 comfort. 
 
 At the present rate of consumption England's coal supply will be 
 exhausted in 250 years. When this is gone she must transfer her dominion 
 either to the Indies, or to British America, which I would not resist ; or 
 to some other people, which I would regret as a loss to civilization. 
 
 COAL IS KING. 
 
 At the same rate of consumption (which far exceeds our own) the 
 deposit of coal in Illinois will last 120,000 years. And her kingdom shall 
 be an everlasting kingdom. 
 
 Let us turn now from this reserve power to the annual products of 
 
104 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 the State. We shall not be humiliated in this field. Here we strike the 
 secret of our national credit. Nature provides a market in the constant 
 appetite of the race. Men must eat, and if we can furnish the provisions 
 we can command the treasure. All that a man hath will he give for his 
 Hfe. 
 
 According to the last census Illinois produced 80,000,000 of bushels 
 of wheat. That is more wheat than was raised by any other State in the 
 Union. She raised In 1875, 130,000,000 of bushels of corn — twice as 
 much as any other State, and one-sixth of all the corn raised in the United 
 States. She harvested 2,747,000 tons of hay, nearly one-tenth of all the 
 hay in the Republic. It is not generally appreciated, but it is true, that 
 the hay crop of the country is worth more than the cotton crop. The 
 hay of Illinois equals the cotton of Louisiana. Go to Charleston, S. C, 
 and see them peddling handfuls of hay or grass, almost as a curiosity, 
 as we regard Chinese gods or the cryolite of Greenland ; drink your 
 coffee and condensed tnilk ; and walk back from the coast for many a 
 league through the sand and burs till you get up into the better atmos- 
 phere of the mountains, without seeing a waving meadow or a grazing 
 herd ; then you will begin to appreciate the meadows of the Prairie State, 
 where the grass often grows sixteen feet high. 
 
 The value of her farm implements is $211,000,000, and the value of 
 her live stock is only second to the great State of New York. in 1875 
 she had 25,000,000 hogs, and packed 2,113,845, about one-half of all that 
 were packed in the United States. This is no insignificant item. Pork 
 is a growing demand of the old world. Since the laborers of Europe 
 have gotten a taste of our bacon, and we have learned how to pack it dry 
 in boxes, like dry goods, the world has become the market. 
 
 The hog is on the march into the future. His nose is ordained to 
 uncover the secrets of dominion, and his feet shall be guided by the star 
 of empire. 
 
 Illinois marketed $57,000,000 worth of slaughtered animals — more 
 than any other State, and a seventh of all the States. 
 
 Be patient with me, and pardon my pride, and I will give you a list 
 of some of the things in which Illinois excels all other States. 
 
 Depth and richness of soil ; per cent, of good ground ; acres of 
 improved land ; large farms — some farms contain from 40,000 to 60,000 
 acres of cultivated land, 40,000 acres of corn on a single farm ; number of 
 farmers ; amount of wheat, corn, oats and honey produced ; value of ani- 
 mals for slaughter ; number of hogs ; amount of pork ; number of horses 
 — three times as many as Kentucky, the horse State. 
 
 Illinois excels all other States in miles of railroads and in miles of 
 postal service, and in money orders sold per annum, and in the amount of 
 lumber sold in her markets. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 105 
 
 Illinois is only second in many important matters. This sample list 
 comprises a few of the more important : Permanent school fund (good 
 for a young state) ; total income for educational purposes ; number of pub- 
 lishers of books, maps, papers, etc.; value of farm products and imple- 
 ments, and of live stock ; in tons of coal mined. 
 
 The shipping of Illinois is only second to New York. Out of one 
 port during the business hours of the season of navigation she sends forth 
 a vessel every ten minutes. This does not include canal boats, which go 
 one every five minutes. No wonder she is only second in number of 
 bankers and brokers or in physicians and surgeons. 
 
 She is third in colleges, teachers and schools ; cattle, lead, hay, 
 flax, sorghum and beeswax. 
 
 She is fourth in population, in children enrolled in public schools, in 
 law schools, in butter, potatoes and carriages. 
 
 She is fifth in value of real and personal property, in theological 
 seminaries and colleges exclusively for women, in milk sold, and in boots 
 and shoes manufactured, and in book-binding. 
 
 She is only seventh in the production of wood, while she is the 
 twelfth in area. Surely that is well done for the Prairie State. She now 
 has much more wood and growing timber than she had thirty years ago. 
 
 A few leading industries will justify emphasis. She manufactures 
 $205,000,000 worth of goods, which places her well up toward New York 
 and Pennsylvania. The number of her manufacturing establishments 
 increased from 1860 to 1870, 300 per cent.; capital employed increased 350 
 per cent,, and the amount of product increased 400 per cent. She issued 
 5,500,000 copies of commercial and financial newspapers — only second to 
 New York. She has 6,759 miles of railroad, thus leading all other States, 
 worth $636,458,000, using 3,245 engines, and 67,712 cars, making a train 
 loner enousfh to cover one-tenth of the entire roads of the State. Her 
 stations are only five miles apart. She carried last year 15,795,000 passen- 
 gers, an average of 36^ miles, or equal to taking her entire population twice 
 across the State. More than two-thirds of her land is within five miles of 
 a railroad, and less than two per cent, is more than fifteen miles away. 
 
 The State has a large financial interest in the Illinois Central railroad. 
 The road was incorporated in 1850, and the State gave each alternate sec- 
 tion for six miles on each side, and doubled the price of the remaining 
 land, so keeping herself good. The road received 2,595,000 acres of land, 
 and pays to the State one-seventh of the gross receipts. The State 
 receives this year $350,000, and has received in all about $7,000,000. It 
 is practically the people's road, and it has a most able and gentlemanly 
 management. Add to this the annual receipts from the canal, $111,000, 
 and a large per cent, of the State tax is provided for. 
 
106 flISTOKY OF THE STATE OF IT^LINOiS. 
 
 THE RELIGION AND MORALS 
 
 of the State keep step with her productions and growth. She was born 
 of the missionary spirit. It was a minister who secured for her the ordi- 
 nance of 1787, by which she has been saved from slavery, ignorance, and 
 dishonesty. Rev. Mr. Wiley, pastor of a Scotch congregation in Randolph 
 County, petitioned the Constitutional Convention of 1818 to recognize 
 Jesus Christ as king, and the Scriptures as the only necessary guide and 
 book of law. The convention did not act in the case, and the old Cove- 
 nanters refused to accept citizenship. They never voted until 1824, when 
 the slavery question was submitted to the people; then they all voted 
 against it and cast the determining votes. Conscience has predominated 
 whenever a great moral question has been submitted to the people. 
 
 But little mob violence has ever been felt in the State. In 1817 
 regulators disposed of a band of horse-thieves that infested the territory. 
 The Mormon indignities finally awoke the same spirit. Alton was also 
 the scene of a pro-slavery mob, in which Lovejoy was added to the list of 
 martyrs. The moral sense of the people makes the law supreme, and gives 
 to the State unruffled peace. 
 
 With f 22,300, 000 in church property, and 4,298 church organizations, 
 the State has that divine police, the sleepless patrol of moral ideas, that 
 alone is able to secure perfect safety. Conscience takes the knife from 
 the assassin's hand and the bludgeon from the grasp of the highwayman. 
 We sleep in safety, not because we are behind bolts and bars — these only 
 fence against the innocent ; not because a lone officer drowses on a distant 
 corner of a street; not because a sheriff maj^ call his posse from a remote 
 part of the county ; but because conscience guards the very portals of the 
 air and stirs in the deepest recesses of the public mind. This spirit issues 
 within the State 9,500,000 copies of religious papers annually, and receives 
 still more from without. Thus the crime of the State is only one-fourth 
 that of New York and one-half that of Penns3'lvania. 
 
 Illinois never had but one duel between her own citizens. In Belle- 
 ville, in 1820, Alphonso Stewart and William Bennett arranged to vindi- 
 cate injured honor. The seconds agreed to make it a sham, and make 
 them shoot blanks. Stewart was in the secret. Bennett mistrusted some- 
 thing, and, unobserved, slipped a bullet into his gun and killed Stewart. 
 He then fled the State. After two years he was caught, tried, convicted, 
 and, in spite of friends and political aid, was hung. This fixed the code 
 of honor on a Christian basis, and terminated its use in Illinois. 
 
 The early preachers were ignorant men, who were accounted eloquent 
 according to the strength of their voices. But they set the style for all 
 public speakers. Lawyers and political speakers followed this rule. Gov. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, lOT 
 
 Ford says: "Nevertheless, tliese first preachers were of incalculable 
 benefit to the country. They inculcated justice and morality. To them 
 are we indebted for the first Christian character of the Protestant portion 
 of the people." 
 
 In education Illinois surpasses her material resources. The ordinance 
 of 1787 consecrated one thirty-sixth of her soil to common schools, and 
 the law of 1818, the first law that went upon her statutes, gave three per 
 cent, of all the rest to 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 
 The old compact secures this interest forever, and by its yoking 
 morality and intelligence it precludes the legal interference with the Bible 
 in the public schools. With such a start it is natural that we should have 
 11,050 schools, and that our illiteracy should be less than New York or 
 Pennsylvania, and only about one-half of Massachusetts. We are not to 
 blame for not having more than one-half as many idiots as the great 
 States. These public schools soon made colleges inevitable. The first 
 college, still flourishing, was started in Lebanon in 1828, by the M. E. 
 church, and named after Bishop McKendree. Illinois College, at Jackson- 
 ville, supported by the Presbyterians, followed in 1830. In 1832 the Bap- 
 tists built Shurtleff College, at Alton. Then the Presbyterians built Knox 
 College, at Galesburg, in 1838, and the Episcopalians built Jubilee College^ 
 at Peoria, in 1847. After these early years colleges have rained down. 
 A settler could hardly encamp on the prairie but a college would spring 
 up by his wagon. The State now has one very well endowed and equipped 
 university, namely, the Northwestern University, at Evanston, with six 
 colleges, ninety instructors, over 1,000 students, and $1,500,000 endow- 
 ment. 
 
 Rev. J. M. Peck was the first educated Protestant minister in tne 
 State. He settled at Rock Spring, in St. Clair County, 1820, and left his 
 impress on the State. Before 1837 only party papers were published, but 
 Mr. Peck published a Gazetteer of Illinois. Soon after John Russell, of 
 Bluffdale, published essays and tales showing genius. Judge James Hall 
 published The Illinois Monthly Magazine with great ability, and an annual 
 called The Western Souvenir^ which gave him an enviable fame all over the 
 United States. From these beginnings Illinois has gone on till she has 
 more volumes in public libaaries even than Massachusetts, and of the 
 44,500,000 volumes in all the public libraries of the United States, she 
 has one-thirteenth. In newspapers she stands fourth. Her increase is 
 marvelous. In 1850 she issued 5,000,000 copies ; in 1860, 27,590,000 ; in 
 1870, 113,140,000. In 1860 she had eighteen colleges and seminaries ; io 
 1870 she had eighty. That is a grand advance for the war decade. 
 
 This brings us to a record unsurpassed in the history of any age, 
 
THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION. 
 
 The State of Iowa has an outline figure nearly approaching that of a rec- 
 tangular parallelogram, the northern and southern boundaries being nearly due 
 east and west lines, and its eastern and western boundaries determined by 
 southerly flowing rivers — the Mississippi on the east, and the Missouri, together 
 with its tributary, the Big Sioux, on the west. The northern boundary is upon 
 the parallel of forty-three degrees thirty minutes, and the southern is approxi- 
 mately upon that of forty degrees and thirty-six minutes. The distance from 
 the northern to the southern boundary, excluding the small prominent angle at 
 the southeast corner, is a little more than two hundred miles. Owing to the 
 irregularity of the river boundaries, however, the number of square miles does 
 not reach that of the multiple of these numbers ; but according to a report of 
 the Secretary of the Treasury to the United States Senate, March 12, 1863, 
 the State of Iowa contains 35,228,200 acres, or 55,044 square miles. When it 
 is understood that all this vast extent of surface, except that which is occupied 
 by our rivers, lakes and peat beds of the northern counties, is susceptible of the 
 highest cultivation, some idea may be formed of the immense agricultural 
 resources of the State. Iowa is nearly as large as England, and twice as large 
 as Scotland ; but when we consider the relative area of surface which may be 
 made to yield to the wants of man, those countries of the Old World will bear 
 no comparison with Iowa. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHY. 
 
 No complete topographical survey of the State of Iowa has yet been made. 
 Therefore all the knowledge we have yet upon the subject has been obtained 
 from incidental observations of geological corps, from barometrical observations 
 by authority of the General Government, and levelings done by railroad en- 
 gineer corps within the State. 
 
 Taking into view the facts that the highest point in the State is but a little 
 more than twelve hundred feet above the lowest point, that these two points are 
 nearly three hundred miles apart, and that the whole State is traversed by 
 
 109 
 
110 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 gently flowing rivers, it will be seen that in reality the State of Iowa rests 
 wholly within, and comprises a part of, a vast plain, with no mountain or hill 
 ranges within its borders. 
 
 A clearer idea of the great uniformity of the surface of the State may be 
 obtained from a statement of the general slopes in feet per mile, from point to 
 point, in straight lines across it : 
 
 From the N. E. corner to the S. E. corner of the State 1 foot 1 inch per mile. 
 
 From the N. E. corner to Spirit Lake 5 feet 5 inches per mile. 
 
 From the N. W. corner to Spirit Lake 5 feet inches per mile. 
 
 From the N. W. corner to the S. W. corner of the State 2 feet inches per mile. 
 
 From the S. W. corner to the highest ridge between the two 
 
 great rivers (in Ringgold County) 4 feet 1 inch per mile 
 
 From the dividing ridge in the S. E. corner of the State 5 feet 7 inches per mile. 
 
 From the highest point in the State (near Spirit Lake) to the 
 lowest point in the State (at the mouth of Des Moines 
 River) 4 feet inches per mile. 
 
 It will be seen, therefore, that there is a good degree of propriety in regard- 
 ing the whole State as a part of a great plain, the lowest point of which within 
 its borders, the southeast corner of the State, is only 444 feet above the level of 
 the sea. The average height of the whole State above the level of the sea is 
 not far from eight hundred feet, although it is more than a thousand miles 
 inland from the nearest sea coast. These remarks are, of course, to be under- 
 stood as applying to the surface of the State as a whole. When we come to 
 consider its surface feature in detail, we find a great diversity of surface by the 
 formation of valleys out of the general level, which have been evolved by the 
 action of streams during the unnumbered years of the terrace epoch. 
 
 It is in the northeastern part of the State that the river valleys are deepest ; 
 consequently the country there has the greatest diversity of surface, and its 
 physical features are most strongly marked. 
 
 DRAINAGE SYSTEM. 
 
 The Mississippi and Missouri Rivers form the eastern and western bounda- 
 ries of the State, and receive the eastern and western drainage of it. 
 
 The eastern drainage system comprises not far from two-thirds of the en- 
 tire surface of the State. The great watershed which divides these two systems 
 is formed by the highest land between those rivers along the whole length of a 
 line running southward from a point on the northern boundary line of the State 
 near Spirit Lake, in Dickinson County, to a nearly central point in the northern 
 part of Adair County. 
 
 From the last named point, this highest ridge of land, between the two great 
 rivers, continues southward, without change of character, through Ringgold 
 County into the State of Missouri ; but southward from that point, in Adair 
 County, it is no longer the great watershed. From that point, another and 
 lower ridge bears off more nearly southeastward, through the counties of Madi- 
 son, Clarke, Lucas and Appanoose, and becomes itself the great watershed. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Ill 
 
 RIVERS. 
 
 All Streams that rise in Iowa rise upon the incoherent surface deposits, 
 occupying at first only slight depressions in the surface, and scarcely percept- 
 ible. These successively coalesce to form the streams. 
 
 The drift and bluif deposits are both so thick in Iowa that its streams not 
 only rise upon their surface, but they also reach considerable depth into these 
 deposits alone, in some cases to a depth of nearly two hundred feet from the 
 general prairie level. 
 
 The majority of streams that constitute the western system of Iowa drainage 
 run, either along the whole or a part of their course, upon that peculir deposit 
 known as bluff deposit. Their banks are often, even of the small streams, 
 from five to ten feet in height, quite perpendicular, so that they make the 
 streams almost everywhere unfordable, and a great impediment to travel across 
 the open country where there are no bridges. 
 
 The material of this deposit is of a slightly yellowish ash color, except 
 where darkened by decaying vegetation, very fine and silicious, but not sandv, 
 not very cohesive, and not at all plastic. It forms excellent soil, and does not 
 bake or crack in drying, except limy concretions, which are generally dis- 
 tributed throughout the mass, in shape and size resembling pebbles ; not a 
 stone or pebble can be found in the whole deposit. It was called " silicious 
 marl" by Dr. Owen, in his geological report to the General Government, and 
 its origin referred to an accumulation of sediment in an ancient lake, which 
 was afterward drained, when its sediment became dry land. Prof Swallaw 
 gives it the name of "bluff," which is here adopted; the term Lacustral would 
 have been better. The peculiar properties of this deposit are that it will stand 
 securely with a precipitous front two hundred feet high, and yet is easily 
 excavated with a spade. Wells dug in it require only to be walled to a point just 
 above the water line. Yet, compact as it is, it is very porous, so that water 
 which falls on its surface does not remain, but percolates through it; neither 
 does it accumulate within its mass, as it does upon the surface of and within 
 the drift and the stratified formations. 
 
 The bluff deposit is known to occupy a region through which the Missouri 
 runs almost centrally, and measures, as far as is known, more than two hun- 
 dred miles in length and nearly one hundred miles in width. The thickest 
 part yet known in Iowa is in Fremont County, where it reaches two hundred 
 feet. The boundaries of this deposit in Iowa are nearly as follows : Com- 
 mencing at the southeast corner of Fremont County, follow up the watershed 
 between the East Nishnabotany and the West Tarkio Rivers to the southern 
 boundary of Cass County ; thence to the center of Audubon County ; thence 
 to Tip Top Station, on the Chicago & Northwestern Railway ; thence by a 
 broad curve westward to the northwest corner of Plymouth County. 
 
 This deposit is composed of fine sedimentary particles, similar to t.at 
 which the Missouri River now deposits from its waters, and is the same which 
 
112 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 that river did deposit in a broad depression in the surface of the drift that 
 formed a lake-like expansion of that river in the earliest period of the history 
 of its valley. That lake, as shown by its deposit, which now remains, was 
 about one hundred miles wide and more than twice as long. The water of the 
 river was muddy then, as now, and the broad lake became filled with the sedi- 
 ment which the river brought down, before its valley had enough in the lower 
 portion of its course to drain it. After the lake became filled with the sedi- 
 ment, the valley below became deepened by the constant erosive action of the 
 waters, to a depth of more than sufiicient to have drained the lake of its first 
 waters ; but the only effect then was to cause it to cut its valley out of the de- 
 posits its own muddy waters had formed. Thus along the valley of that river, 
 so far as it forms the western boundary of Iowa, the bluffs which border it are 
 composed of that sediment known as bluff deposit, forming a distinct border 
 along the broad, level flood plain, the width of which varies from five to fifteen 
 miles, while the original sedimentary deposit stretches far inland. 
 
 All the rivers of the western system of drainage, except the Missouri itself, 
 are quite incomplete as rivers, in consequence of their being really only 
 branches of other larger tributaries of that great river , or, if they empty into 
 the Missouri direct, they have yet all the usual characteristics of Iowa rivers, 
 from their sources to their mouths. 
 
 Chariton and Grand Rivers both rise and run for the first twenty-five miles 
 of their courses upon the drift deposit alone. The first strata that are exposed 
 by the deepening valleys of both these streams belong to the upper coal meas- 
 ures, and they both continue upon the same formation until they make their 
 exit from the State (the former in Appanoose County, the latter in Ringgold 
 County), near the boundary of which they have passed nearly or quite through 
 the whole of that formation to the middle coal measures. Their valleys gradu- 
 ally deepen from their upper portions downward, so that within fifteen or twenty 
 miles they have reached a depth of near a hundred and fifty feet below the gen- 
 eral level of the adjacent high land. When the rivers have cut their valleys 
 down through the series of limestone strata, they reach those of a clayey com- 
 position. Upon these they widen their valleys and make broad flood plains 
 (commonly termed "bottoms "), the soil of which is stiff and clayey, except 
 where modified by sandy washings. 
 
 A considerable breadth of woodland occupies the bottoms and valley sides 
 along a great part of their length ; but their upper branches and tributaries are 
 mostly prairie streams. 
 
 Platte River. — This river belongs mainly to Missouri. Its upper branches 
 pass through Ringgold County, and, with the west fork of the Grand River, 
 drain a large region of country. 
 
 Here the drift deposit reaches its maximum thickness on an east and west 
 line across the State, and the valleys are eroded in some instances to a depth of 
 two hundred feet, apparently, through this deposit alone. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 113 
 
 The term " drift cleiDOsit " applies to the soil and sub-soil of the greater part 
 of the State, and in it alone many of our wells are dug and our forests take 
 root. It rests upon the stratified rocks. It is composed of clay, sand, gravel 
 aud boulders, promiscuously intermixed, without stratification, varying in char- 
 acter in difiierent parts of the State. 
 
 The proportion of lime in the drift of Iowa is so great that the water of all 
 our wells and springs is too ''• hard " for washing purposes ; and the same sub- 
 stance is so prevalent in the drift clays that they are always found to have suffi- 
 cient flux when used for the manufacture of brick. 
 
 One Hundred and Two River is represented in Taylor County, the valleys 
 of which have the same general character of those just described. The country 
 around and between the east and west forks of this stream is almost entirely 
 prairie. 
 
 Nodaway River. — This stream, is represented by east, middle and west 
 branches. The two former rise in Adair County, the latter in Cass County. 
 These rivers and valleys are fine examples of the small rivers and valleys of 
 Southern Iowa. They have the general character of drift valleys, and with 
 beautiful undulating and sloping sides. The Nodaways drain one of the finest 
 agricultural regions in the State, the soil of which is tillable almost to their very 
 banks. The banks and the adjacent narrow flood plains are almost everywhere 
 composed of a rich, deep, dark loam. 
 
 Nishiahotany River. — This river is represented by east and west branches, 
 the former having its source in Anderson County, the latter in Shelby County. 
 Both these branches, from their source to their confluence — and also the main 
 stream, from thence to the point where it enters the great flood plain of the 
 Missouri — run through a region the surface of which is occupied by the bluff 
 deposit. The West Nishnabotany is probably without any valuable mill sites. 
 In the western part of Cass County, the East Nishnabotany loses its identity 
 by becoming abruptly divided up into five or six different creeks. A few 
 good mill sites occur here on this stream. None, however, that are thought 
 reliable exist on either of these rivers, or on the main stream below the 
 confluence, except, perhaps, one or two in Montgomery County. The 
 valleys of the two branches, and the intervening upland, possess remarkable 
 fertility. 
 
 Boyer River. — Until it enters the flood plain of the Missouri, the Boyer 
 runs almost, if not quite, its entire course through the region occupied by the 
 bluff" deposit, and has cut its valley entirely through it along most of its pas- 
 sage. The only rocks exposed are the upper coal measures, near Reed's mill, in 
 Harrison County. The exposures are slight, and are the most northerly now 
 known in Iowa. The valley of this river has usually gently sloping sides, and an 
 ndistinctly defined flood plain. Along the lower half of its course the adjacent 
 upland presents a surface of the billowy character, peculiar to the bluff" deposit. 
 The source of this river is in Sac County. 
 
114 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 \ 
 
 Soldier River, — The east and middle bi'anclies of this stream have their 
 source in Crawford County, and the west branch in Ida County. The whole 
 course of this river is through the bluff deposit. It has no exposure of strata 
 alons its course. 
 
 Little Sioux River. — Under this head are included both the main and west 
 branches of that stream, together with the Maple, which is one of its branches. 
 The west branch and the Maple are so similar to the Soldier River that they 
 need no separate description. The main stream has its boundary near the 
 northern boundary of the State, and runs most of its course upon drift deposit 
 alone, entering the region of the bluff deposit in the southern part of Cherokee 
 County. The two principal upper branches, near their source in Dickinson 
 and Osceola .Counties, are small prairie creeks, with indistinct valleys. On 
 entering Clay County, the valley deepens, and at their confluence has a depth 
 of one hundred feet, which still further increases until along the boundary line 
 between Clay and Buena Vista Counties, it reaches a depth of two hundred 
 feet. Just as the valley enters Cherokee County, it turns to the southward and 
 becomes much widened, with its sides gently sloping to the uplands. When the 
 valley enters the region of the bluff deposit, it assumes the billowy appearance. 
 No exposures of strata of any kind have been found in the valley of the Little 
 Sioux or any of its branches. 
 
 Floyd River. — This river rises upon the drift in O'Brien County, and flow- 
 ing southward enters the region of the bluff deposit a little north of the center 
 of Plymouth County. Almost from its source to its mouth it is a prairie stream, 
 with slightly sloping valley sides, which blend gradually with the uplands. A 
 single slight exposure of sandstone of cretaceous age occurs in the valley near 
 Sioux City, and which is the only known exposure of rock of any kind along 
 its whole length. Near this exposure is a mill site, but farther up the stream 
 it is not valuable for such purposes. 
 
 Rock River. — This stream passes through Lyon and Sioux Counties. It 
 was evidently so named from the flict that considerable exposures of the red 
 Sioux quartzite occur along the main branches of the stream in Minnesota, a 
 few miles north of our State boundary. Within this State the main stream and 
 its branches are drift streams, and strata are exposed. The beds and banks of 
 the streams are usually sandy and gravelly, with occasional boulders intermixed. 
 
 Big Sioux River. — The valley of this river, from the nortliwest corner of 
 the State to its mouth, possesses much the same character as all the streams of 
 the surface deposits. At Sioux Falls, a few miles above the northwest corner 
 of the State, the stream meets with remarkable obstructions from the presence 
 of Sioux quartzite, which outcrops directly across the stream, and causes a fall 
 of about sixty feet within a distance of half a mile, producing a series of cas- 
 cades. For the first twenty-five miles above its mouth, the valley is very broad, 
 with a broad, flat flood plain, with gentle slopes occasionally showing indistinctly 
 defined terraces. These terraces and valley bottoms constitute some of the finest 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 115 
 
 agricultural land of the region. On the Iowa side of the valley the upland 
 presents abrupt bluifs, steep as the materials of which they are composed will 
 stand, and from one hundred to nearly two hundred feet high above the stream. 
 At rare intervals, about fifteen miles from its mouth, the cretaceous strata are 
 found exposed in the flice of the bluffs of the Iowa side. No other strata are 
 exposed along that part of the valley which borders our State, with the single 
 exception of Sioux quartzite at its extreme northwestern corner. Some good mill 
 sites may be secured along that portion of this river which borders Lyon County, 
 but below this the fall will probably be found insufficient and the location for 
 dams insecure. 
 
 Missouri River. — This is one of the muddiest streams on the globe, and its 
 waters are known to be very turbid far toward its source. The chief pecul- 
 iarity of this river is its broad flood plains, and its adjacent bluff deposits. 
 Much the greater part of the flood plain of this river is upon the Iowa side, and 
 continuous from the south boundary line of the State to Sioux City, a distance 
 of more than one hundred miles in length, varying from three to five miles in 
 width. This alluvial plain is estimated to contain more than half a million acres 
 of land within the State, upward of four hundred thousand of which are now 
 tillable. 
 
 The rivers of the eastern system of drainage have quite a different character 
 from those of the western, system. They are larger, longer and have their val- 
 leys modified to a much greater extent by the underlying strata. For the lat- 
 ter reason, water-power is much more abundant upon them than upon the 
 streams of the western system. 
 
 Des Moiyies River. — This river has its source in Minnesota, but it enters 
 Iowa before it has attained any size, and flows almost centrally through it from 
 northwest to southeast, emptying into the Mississippi at the extreme southeast- 
 ern corner of the State. It drains a greater area than any river within the 
 State. The upper portion of it is divided into two branches known as the east 
 and west forks. These unite in Humboldt County. The valleys of these 
 branches above their confluence are drift-valleys, except a few small exposures 
 of subcarboniferous limestone about five miles above their confluence. These 
 exposures produce several small mill-sites. The valleys vary from a few hun- 
 dred yards to half a mile in width, and are the finest agricultural lands. In the 
 northern part of Webster County, the character of the main valley is modified 
 by the presence of ledges and low cliffs of the subcarboniferous limestone and 
 gypsum. From a point a little below Fort Dodge to near Amsterdam, in Ma- 
 rion County, the river runs all the way through and upon the lower coal-meas- 
 ure strata. Along this part of its course the flood-plain varies from an eighth 
 to half a mile or more in width. From Amsterdam to Ottumwa the subcarbon- 
 iferous limestone appears at intervals in the valley sides. Near Ottumwa, the sub- 
 carboniferous rocks pass beneath the liver again, bringing down the coal-measure 
 strata into its bed ; but they rise again from it in the extreme northwestern part 
 
116 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 of Van Buren County, and subcarboniferous strata resume and keep their place 
 along the valley to the north of the river. From Fort Dodge to the northern 
 part of Lee County, the sti'ata of the lower coal measures are present in the 
 valley. Its flood plain is frequently sandy, from the debris of the sandstone 
 and sandy shales of the coal measures produced by their removal in the process 
 of the formation of the valley. 
 
 The principal tributaries of the Des Moines are upon the western side. 
 These are the Raccoon and the three rivers, viz.: South, Middle and North Riv- 
 ers. The three latter have their source in the region occupied by the upper 
 coal-measure limestone formation, flow eastward over the middle coal measures, 
 and enter the valley of the Des Moines upon the lower coal measures. These 
 streams, especially South and Middle Rivers, are frequently bordered by high, 
 rocky cliffs. Raccoon River has its source upon the heavy surface deposits of 
 the middle region of Western Iowa, and along the greater part of its course it 
 has excavated its valley out those deposits and the middle coal measures alone. 
 The valley of the Des Moines and its branches are destined to become the seat 
 of extensive manufactures in consequence of the numerous mill sites of immense 
 power, and the fact that the main valley traverses the entire length of the Iowa 
 coal fields. 
 
 Skunk River. — This river has its source in Hamilton County, and runs 
 almost its entire course upon the border of the outcrop of the lower coal meas- 
 ures, or, more properly speaking, upon the subcarboniferous limestone, just where 
 it begins to pass beneath the coal measures by its southerly and westerly dip. 
 Its general course is southeast. From the western part of Henry County, up 
 as far as Story County, the broad, flat flood plain is covered with a rich deep 
 clay soil, w^hich, in time of long-continued rains and overflows of the river, has 
 made the valley of Skunk River a terror to travelers from the earliest settle- 
 ment of the country. There are some excellent mill sites on the lower half of 
 this river, but they ai'e not so numerous or valuable as on other rivers of the 
 eastern system. 
 
 Iowa River. — This river rises in Hancock County, in the midst of a broad, 
 slightly undulating drift region. The first rock exposure is that of subcarbon- 
 iferous limestone, in the southwestern corner of Franklin County. It enters 
 the region of the Devonian strata near the southwestern corner of Benton 
 County, and in this it continues to its confluence with the Cedar in Louisa 
 County. Below the junction with the Cedar, and for some miles above that 
 point, its valley is broad, and especially on the northern side, with a well 
 marked flood plain. Its borders gradually blend with the uplands as they slope 
 away in the distance from the river. The Iowa furnishes numerous and valua- 
 ble mill sites. 
 
 Cedar River. — This stream is usually understood to be a branch of the 
 Iowa, but it ought, reall}', to be regarded as the main stream. It rises by 
 numerous branches in the northern part of the State, and flows the entire length 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 117 
 
 of the State, through the region occupied by the Devonian strata and along the 
 trend occupied by that formation. 
 
 The valley of this river, in the upper part of its course, is narrow, and the 
 sides slope so gently as to scarcely show where the lowlands end and the up- 
 lands begin. Below the confluence with the Shell Rock, the flood plain is more 
 distinctly marked and the valley broad and shallow. The valley of the Cedar 
 is one of the finest regions in the State, and both the main stream and its 
 branches afibrd abundant and reliable mill sites. 
 
 Wapsipinnicon River. — This river has its source near the source of the 
 Cedar, and runs parallel and near it almost its entire course, the upper half 
 upon the same formation — the Devonian. In the northeastern part of Linn 
 County, it enters the region of the Niagara limestone, upon which it continues 
 to the Mississippi. It is one hundred miles long, and yet the area of its drain- 
 age is only from twelve to twenty miles in width. Hence, its numerous mill 
 sites are unusually secure. 
 
 Turkey River. — This river and the Upper Iowa are, in many respects, un- 
 like other Iowa rivers. The difi'erence is due to the great depth they have 
 eroded their valleys and the different character of the material through which 
 they have eroded. Turkey River rises in Howard County, and in Winneshcik 
 County, a few miles from its source, its valley has attained a depth of more than 
 two hundred feet, and in Fayette and Clayton Counties its depth is increased to 
 three and four hundred feet. The summit of the uplands, bordering nearly the 
 whole length of the valley, is capped by the Maquoketa shales. These shales 
 are underlaid by the Galena limestone, between two and three hundred feet 
 thick. The valley has been eroded through these, and runs upon the Trenton 
 limestone. Thus, all the formations along and within this valley are Lower 
 Silurian. The valley is usually narrow, and without a well-marked flood plain. 
 Water power is abundant, but in most places inaccessible. 
 
 Upper Iowa River. — This river rises in Minnesota, just beyond the north- 
 ern boundary line, and enters our State in Howard County before it has attained 
 any considerable size. Its course is nearly eastward until it reaches the JNIis- 
 sissippi. It rises in the region of the Devonian rocks, and flows across the out- 
 crops, respectively, of the Niagara, Galena and Trenton limestone, the lower 
 magnesian limestone and Potsdam sandstone, into and through all of which, 
 except the last, it has cut its valley, which is the deepest of any in Iowa. The 
 valley sides are, almost everywhere, high and steep, and cliffs of lower magne- 
 sian and Trenton limestone give them a wild and rugged aspect. In the lower 
 part of the valley, the flood plain reaches a width sufficient for the location of 
 small farms, but usually it is too narrow for such purposes. On the higher 
 surface, however, as soon as you leave the valley you come immediately upon a 
 cultivated country. This stream has the greatest slope per mile of any in Iowa, 
 consequently it furnishes immense water power. In some places, where creeks 
 come into it, the valley widens and aff'ords good locations for farms. The town 
 
118 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 of Decorah, in Winnesheik County, is located in one of these spots, which 
 makes it a lovely location ; and the power of the river and the small spring 
 streams around it offer fine facilities for manufacturing. This river and its 
 tributaries are the only trout streams in Iowa. 
 
 Mississippi River. — This river may be described, in general terms, as a broad 
 canal cut out of the general level of the country through which the river flows. 
 It is bordered by abrupt hills or bluffs. The bottom of the valley ranges from 
 one to eight miles in width. The whole gpace between the bluffs is occupied by 
 the river and its bottom, or flood plain only, if we except the occasional terraces 
 or remains of ancient flood plains, which are not now reached by the highest 
 floods of the river. The river itself is from half a mile to nearly a mile in 
 width. There are but four points along the whole length of the State where the 
 bluffs approach the stream on both sides. The Lower Silurian formations com- 
 pose the bluffs in the northern part of the State, but they gradually disappear 
 by a southerly dip, and the bluffs are continued successively by the Upper 
 Silurian, Devonian, and subcarboniferous rocks, which are reached near the 
 southeastern corner of the State. 
 
 Considered in their relation to the present general surface of the state, the 
 relative ages of the river valley of Iowa date back only to the close of the 
 glacial epoch ; but that the Mississippi, and all the rivers of Northeastern Iowa, 
 if no others, had at least a large part of the rocky portions of their valleys 
 eroded by pre-glacial, or perhaps even by palaeozoic rivers, can scarcely be 
 doubted. 
 
 LAKES. 
 
 The lakes of Iowa may be properly divided into two distinct classes. The 
 first may be called drift lakes, having had their origin in the depressions left 
 in the surface of the drift at the close of the glacial epoch, and have rested upon 
 the undisturbed surface of the drift deposit ever since the glaciers disappeared. 
 The others may be properly termed Jiuvatile or alluvial lakes, because they have 
 had their origin by the action of rivers while cutting their own valleys out from 
 the surface of the drift as it existed at the close of the glacial epoch, and are now 
 found resting upon the alluvium, as the others rest upon the drift. By the term 
 alluvium is meant the deposit which has accumulated in the valleys of rivers by 
 the action of their own currents. It is largely composed of sand and other 
 coarse material, and upon that deposit are some of the best and most productive 
 soils in the State. It is this deposit which form the flood plains and deltas of 
 our rivers, as Avell as the terraces of their valleys. 
 
 The regions to which the drift lakes arc principally confined are near the 
 head waters of the principal streams of the State. AVe consequently find them 
 in those regions which lie between the Cedar and Des Moines Rivers, and the 
 Des Moines and Little Sioux. No drift lakes are found in Southern Iowa. 
 The largest of the lakes to be found in the State are Spirit and Okoboji, in 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 119 
 
 Dickinson County -, Clear Lake, in Cerro Gordo County ; and Storm Lake, in 
 Bunea Vista County. 
 
 Spirit Lake. — The width and length of this lake are about equal , and it 
 contains about twelve square miles of surface, its northern border i*esting directly 
 on the boundary of the State. It lies almost directly upon the great watershed. 
 Its shores are mostly gravelly, and the country about it fertile. 
 
 OTcohoji Lake. — This body of water lies directly south of Spirit Lake, and 
 has somewhat the shape of a horse-shoe, with its eastern projection within a few 
 rods of Spirit Lake, where it receives the outlet of the latter. Okoboji Lake 
 extends about five miles southward from Spirit Lake, thence about the same 
 distance westAvard, and then bends northward about as far as the eastern projec- 
 tion. The eastern portion is narrow^ but the western is larger, and in some 
 places a hundred feet deep. The surroundings of this and Spirit Lake are very 
 pleasant. Fish are" abundant in them, and they are the resort of myriads of 
 water fowl. 
 
 Clear Lake. — This lake is situated in Cerro Gordo County, upon the 
 watershed between the Iowa and Cedar Rivers. It is about five miles long, 
 and two or three miles wide, and has a maximum depth of only fifteen 
 feet. Its shores and the country around it are like that of Spirit Lake. 
 
 Storm Lake. — This body of water rests upon the great water shed in Buena 
 Vista County. It is a clear, beautiful sheet of Avater, containing a surface area 
 of between four and five square miles. 
 
 The outlets of all these drift-lakes are dry during a portion of the year, ex- 
 cept Okoboji. 
 
 Walled Lakes. — Along the water sheds of Northern Iowa great numbers of 
 small lakes exist, varying from half a mile to a mile in diameter. One of the lakes 
 in Wright County, and another in Sac, have each received the name of " Walled 
 Lake," on account of the existence of embankments on their borders, which are 
 supposed to be the work of ancient inhabitants. These embankments are from 
 two to ten feet in height, and from five to thirty feet across. They are the 
 result of natural causes alone, being referable to the periodic action of ice, aided, 
 to some extent, by the force of the waves. These lakes are very shallow, and 
 in winter freeze to the bottom, so that but little unfrozen water remains ia the 
 middle. The ice freezes fast to everything upon the bottom, and the expansive 
 powder of the water in freezing acts in all directions from the center to the cir- 
 cumference, and whatever was on the bottom of the lake has been thus carried 
 to the shore, and this has been going on from year to year, from century to 
 century, forming the embankments which have caused so much wonder. 
 
 SPRINGS. 
 
 Springs issue from all formations, and from the sides of almost every valley, 
 but they are more numerous, and assume proportions which give rise to the 
 name of sink-holes, along the upland borders of the Upper Iowa River, owing 
 
120 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 to the peculiar fissured and laminated character and great thickness of the strata 
 of the a^e of the Trenton limestone which underlies the whole region of the 
 valley of that stream. 
 
 No mineral springs, properly so called, have yet been discovered in Iowa, 
 thoutrh the water of several artesian wells is frequently found charged with 
 soluble mineral substances. 
 
 ORIGIN OF THE PRAIRIES. 
 
 It is estimated that seven-eighths of the surface of the State was prairie 
 when first settled. They are not confined to level surfaces, nor to any partic- 
 ular variety of soil, for within the State they rest upon all formations, from 
 those of the Azoic to those of the Cretaceous age, inclusive. Whatever may 
 have been their origin, their present existence in Iowa is not due to the influ- 
 ence of climate, nor the soil, nor any of the underlying formations. The real 
 cause is the prevalence of the annual fires. If these had been prevented fifty 
 ^ years ago, loAva would now be a timbered country. The encroachment of forest 
 trees upon prairie farms as soon as the bordering woodland is protected from 
 the annual prairie fires, is well known to farmers throughout the State. 
 
 The soil of Iowa is justly famous for its fertility, and there is probably no 
 equal area of the earth's surface that contains so little untillable land, or whose 
 soil has so high an average of fertility. Ninety-five per cent, of its surface is 
 tillable land. 
 
 GEOLOGY. 
 
 The soil of Iowa may be separated into three general divisions, which not 
 only possess difierent physical characters, but also differ in the mode of their 
 origin. These are drift, bluff and alluvial, and belong respectively to the 
 deposits bearing the same names. The drift occupies a much larger part of the 
 surface of the State than both the others. The bluff has the next greatest area 
 of surface, and the alluvial least. 
 
 All soil is disintegrated rock. The drift deposit of Iowa was derived, to a 
 considerable extent, from the rocks of Minnesota; but the greater part of Iowa 
 drift was derived from its own rocks, much of which has been transported but a 
 short distance. In general terms the constant component element of the drift 
 soil is that portion which was ti-ansported from the north, while the inconstant 
 elements are those portions which were derived from the adjacent or underlying 
 strata. For example, in Western Iowa, wherever that cretaceous formation 
 known as the Nishnabotany sandstone exists, the soil contains more sand than 
 elsewhere. The same may be said of the soil of some parts of the State occu- 
 pied by the lower coal measures, the sandstones and sandy shales of that forma- 
 tion furnishing the sand. 
 
 In Northern and Northwestern Iowa, the drift contains more sand and 
 gravel than elsewhere. This sand and gravel was, doubtless, derived from the 
 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA 
 
 121 
 
 cretaceous rocks that now do, or formerly did, exist there, and also in part 
 from the conglomerate and pudding-stone beds of the Sioux quartzite. 
 
 In Southern Iowa, the soil is frequently stiff and clayey. This preponder- 
 ating clay is doubtless derived from the clayey and shaly beds which alternate 
 with the limestones of that region. 
 
 The bluff soil is that which rests upon, and constitutes a part of, the bluflE" 
 deposit. It is found only in the western part of the State, and adjacent to the 
 Missouri River. Although it contains less than one per cent, of clay in its 
 composition, it is in no respect inferior to the best drift soil. 
 
 The alluvial soil is that of the flood plains of the river valleys, or bottom 
 lands. That which is periodically flooded by the rivers is of little value for 
 agricultural purposes ; but a large part of it is entirely above the reach of the 
 highest floods, and is very productive. 
 
 The stratified rocks of Iowa range from the Azoic to the Mesozoic, inclu- 
 sive ; but the greater portion of the surface of the State is occupied by those 
 of the PaliTeozoic age. The table below will show each of these formations in 
 their order : 
 
 SYSTEMS. 
 
 AGES. 
 
 Cretaceous 
 
 Carboniferous.. 
 
 Devonian 
 
 Upper Silurian 
 
 Lower Silurian 
 Azoic 
 
 GROaPS. 
 
 PERIODS. 
 
 FORMATIONS. 
 
 EPOCHS. 
 
 Post Tertiary 
 
 Lower Cretaceous. 
 
 Coal Measures. 
 Subcarboniferous. 
 
 L 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Niagara 
 
 'Cincinnati , 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Primordial. 
 Huronian , 
 
 \Drift 
 
 Inoceramous bed 
 
 Woodbury Sandstone and Shales.. 
 
 Nishnabotany Sandstone 
 
 Upper Coal Measures 
 
 Middle Coal Measures 
 
 Lower Coal Measures 
 
 St. Louis Limestone 
 
 jKeokuk Limestone 
 
 [Burlington Limestone 
 
 jKinderhook beds 
 
 j Hamilton Limestone and Shales. 
 
 Niagara Limestone 
 
 'Maquoketa Shales 
 
 Galena Limestone 
 
 iTrenton Limestone 
 
 iSt. Peter's Sandstone 
 
 jLower Magnesian Limestone 
 
 Potsdam Sandstone 
 
 Sioux Quartzite 
 
 THICKNESS. 
 
 IN FEET. 
 
 10 
 
 to 200 
 
 50 
 130 
 100 
 200 
 200 
 200 
 
 75 
 
 90 
 196 
 175 
 200 
 350 
 
 80 
 250 
 200 
 
 80 
 250 
 300 
 
 50 
 
 THE AZOIC SYSTEM. 
 
 The Sioux quartzite is found exposed in natural ledges only upon a few 
 acres in the extreme northwest corner of the State, upon the banks of the Big 
 Sioux River, for which reason the specific name of Sioux Quartzite has been 
 given them. It is an intensely hard rock, breaks in splintery fracture, and a 
 color varying, in different localities, from a light to deep red. The process of 
 metamorphism has been so complete throughout the whole formation that the 
 rock is almost everj^where of uniform texture. The dip is four or five degrees 
 to the northward, an^ the trend t)f the outcrop is eastward and westward. This 
 
122 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 rock may be quarried in a few rare cases, but usually it cannot be secured in 
 dry forms except that into which it naturally cracks, and the tendency is to 
 angular pieces. It is absolutely indestructible. 
 
 LOWER SILURIAN SYSTEM. 
 
 PRIMORDIAL GROUP. 
 
 Potsdam Sandstone. — This formation is exposed only in a small portion of 
 the northeastern portion of the State. It is only to be seen in the bases of the 
 bluffs and steep valley sides which border the river there. It may be seen 
 underlying the lower magnesian limestone, St. Peter s sandstone and Trenton 
 limestone, in their regular order, along the bluffs of the Mississippi from the 
 northern boundary of the State as far south as Guttenburg, along the Upper 
 Iowa for a distance of about twenty miles from its mouth, and along a few of 
 the streams which empty into the Mississippi in Allamakee County. 
 
 It is nearly valueless for economic purposes. 
 
 No fossils have been discovered in this formation in Iowa. 
 
 Lower Magnesium Limestone. — This foi'mation has but little greater geo- 
 graphical extent in Iowa than the Potsdam sandstone. It lacks a uniformity 
 of texture and stratification, owing to which it is not generally valuable for 
 building purposes. 
 
 The only fossils found in this formation in Iowa are a few traces of crinoids, 
 near INIcGregor. 
 
 St. Peter's Sandstone. — This formation is remarkably uniform in thickness 
 throughout its known geographical extent ; and it is evident it occupies a large 
 portion of the northern half of Allamakee County, immediately beneath the 
 drift. 
 
 TREXTON GROUP. 
 
 Treriton Limestone. — With the exception of this, all the limestones of both 
 Upper and Lower Silurian age in Iowa are magnesian limestones — nearly pure 
 dolomites. This formation occupies large portions of Winnesheik and Alla- 
 makee Counties and a portion of Clayton. The greater part of it is useless for 
 economic purposes, yet there are in some places compact and evenly bedded 
 layers, which afford fine material for window caps and sills. 
 
 In this formation, fossils are abundant, so much so that, in some places, the 
 rock is made up of a mass of shells, corals and fragments of tribolites, cemented 
 by calcareous material into a solid rock. Some of these fossils are new to 
 science and peculiar to Iowa. 
 
 Tlie Galena Limestone. — This is the upper formation of the Trenton group. 
 It seldom exceeds twelve miles in width, although it is fully one hundred and 
 fifty miles long. The outcrop traverses portions of the counties of Howard, 
 Winnesheik, Allamakee, Fayette, Clayton, Dubuque and Jackson. It exhibits 
 its greatest development in Dubuque County. It is nearly a pure dolomite, 
 with a slight admixture of silicious matter. It is usually unfit fcr dressing, 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 123 
 
 though sometimes near the top of the bed good blocks for dressing are found. 
 This formation is the source of the lead ore of the Dubuque lead mines. The 
 lead region proper is confined to an area of about fifteen miles square in the 
 vicinity of Dubuque. The ore occurs in vertical fissures, which traverse the 
 rock at regular intervals from east to west ; some is found in those which have 
 a north and south direction. The ore is mostly that known as Galena, or sul- 
 pliuret of lead, very small quantities only of the carbonate being found with it. 
 
 CINCINNATI GROUP. 
 
 MaquoTceta Shales. — The surface occupied by this formation is singularly 
 lonof and narrow, seldom reachino; more than a mile or two in width, but more 
 than a hundred miles in length. Its most southerly exposure is in the bluffs of 
 the Mississippi near Bellevue, in Jackson County, and the most northerly yet 
 recognized is in the western part of Winnesheik County. The whole formation 
 is largely composed of bluish and brownish shales, sometimes slightly arena- 
 ceous, sometimes calcareous, which weather into a tenacious clay upon the sur- 
 face, and the soil derived from it is usually stiif and clayey. Its economic 
 value is very slight. 
 
 Several species of fossils which characterize the Cincinnati group are found 
 in the Maquoketa shales ; but they contain a larger number that have been 
 found anywhere else than in these shales in Iowa, and their distinct faunal char- 
 acteristics seem to Avarrant the separation of the Maquoketa shales as a distinct 
 formation from any otTiers of the group. 
 
 UPPER SILURIAN SYSTEM. 
 
 NIAGARA G^OUP. 
 
 Niagara Limestone. — The area occupied by the Niagara limestone is nearly 
 one hundred and sixty miles long from north to south, and forty and fifty miles 
 wide. 
 
 This formation is entirely a magnesian limestone, with in some places a con- 
 siderable proportion of silicious matter in the form of chert or coarse flint. A 
 large part of it is evenly bedded, and probably affords the best and greatest 
 amount of quarry rock in the State. The quarries at Anamosa, LeClaire and 
 Farley are all opened in this formation. 
 
 DEVONIAN SYSTEM. 
 
 HAMILTON GROUP. 
 
 Hamilton Limestone. — The area of surface occupied by the Hamilton lime- 
 stone and shales is fully as great as those by all the formations of both Upper 
 and Lower Silurian age in the State. It is nearly two hundred miles long and 
 from forty to fifty miles broad. The general trend is northwestward and south- 
 eastws^'d. 
 
 Although a large part of the material of this formation is practically quite 
 li'orthless, yet other portions are valuable for economic purposes ; and having a 
 
124 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 large geographical extent in the State, is one of the most important formations, 
 in a practical point of view. At Waverly, Bremer County, its value for the 
 production of hydraulic lime has been practically demonstrated. The heavier 
 and more uniform magnesian beds furnish material for bridge piers and other 
 material requiring strength and durability. 
 
 All the Devonian strata of Iowa evidently belong to a single epoch, and re- 
 ferable to the Hamilton, as recognized by New York geologists. 
 
 The most conspicuous and characteristic fossils of this formation are bra- 
 chiopod, mollusks and corals. The coral Acervularia Davidsoni occurs near 
 Iowa City, and is known as "Iowa City Marble," and " bird's-eye marble.' 
 
 CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. 
 
 Of the three groups of formations that constitute the carboniferous system, 
 viz., the subcarboniferous, coal measures and permian, only the first two are 
 found in Iowa. 
 
 SUBCARBONIFEROUS GROUP. 
 
 The area of the surface occupied by this group is very large. Its eastern 
 border passes from the northeastern part of Winnebago County, with consider- 
 able directness in a southeasterly direction to the northern part of Washington 
 County. Here it makes a broad and direct bend nearly eastward, striking 
 the Mississippi River at Muscatine. The southern and western boundary is to 
 a considerable extent the same as that which separates it from the coal field. 
 From the southern part of Pocahontas County it passes southeast to Fort Dodge, 
 thence to Webster City, thence to a point three or four miles northeast of El- 
 dora, in Hardin County, thence southward to the middle of the north line of 
 Jasper County, thence southeastward to Sigourney, in Keokuk County, thence 
 to the northeastern corner of Jefferson County, thence sweeping a few miles 
 eastward to the southeast corner of Van Buren County. Its area is nearly two 
 hundred and fifty miles long, and from twenty to fifty miles wide. 
 
 Tlie Kinderliook Beds. — The most southerly exposure of these beds is near 
 the mouth of Skunk River, in Des Moines County. The most northerly now 
 known is in the eastern part of Pocahontas County, more than two hundred 
 miles distant. The principal exposures of this formation are along the bluffs 
 which border the Mississippi and Skunk Rivers, where they form the eastern 
 and northern boundary of Des Moines County, along English River, in Wash- 
 ington County ; along the Iowa River, in Tama, Marshall, Hamlin and Frank- 
 lin Counties ; and along the Des Moines River, in Humboldt County. 
 
 The economic value of this formation is very considerable, particularly in 
 the northern portion of the region it occupies. In Pocahontas and Humboldt 
 Counties it is almost invaluable, as no other stone except a few boulders are 
 found here. At Iowa Falls the lower division is very good for building pur- 
 poses. In Marshall County all the limestone to be obtained comes from this 
 formation, and the quarries near LeGrand are very valuable. At this point 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 125 
 
 some of the layers are finely veined with peroxide of iron, and are wrought into 
 ornamental and useful objects. 
 
 In Tama County, the oolitic member is well exposed, where it is manufac- 
 tured into lime. It is not valuable for building, as upon exposure to atmosphere 
 and frost, it crumbles to pieces. 
 
 The remains of fishes are the only fossils yet discovered in this formation 
 that can be referred to the sub-kingdom VERTEBRATA ; and so far as yet recog- 
 nized, they all belong to the order selachians. 
 
 Of ARTICULATES, Only two spocies have been recognized, both of which 
 belong to the genus phiUipsia. 
 
 The sub-kingdom mollusca is largely represented. 
 
 The RADIATA are represented by a few crinoids, usually found in a very im- 
 perfect condition. The sub-kingdom is also represented by corals. 
 
 The prominent feature in the life of this epoch was molluscan ; so much so 
 in fact as to overshadow all other branches of the animal kingdom. The pre- 
 vailing classes are : lajnelUbranchiates, in the more arenaceous portions ; and 
 brachiopods, in the more calcareous portions. 
 
 No remains of vegetation have been detected in any of the strata of this 
 formation. 
 
 The Burlington Limestone. — This formation consists of two distinct calca- 
 reous divisions, which are separated by a series of silicious beds. Both divi- 
 sions are eminently crinoidal. 
 
 Tlie southerly dip of the Iowa rocks carries the Burlington limestone down, 
 so that it is seen for the last time in this State in the valley of Skunk River, 
 near the southern boundary of Des Moines County. The most northerly point 
 at which it has been recognized is in the northern part of Washington County. 
 It probably exists as far north as Marshall County. , 
 
 This formation affords much valuable material for economic purposes. The 
 upper division furnishes excellent common quarry rock. 
 
 The great abundance and variety of its fossils — crinoids — now known to be 
 more than three hundred, have justly attracted the attention of geologists in all 
 parts of the world. 
 
 The only remains of vertebrates discovered in this formation are those of 
 fishes, and consist of teeth and spines ; bone of bony fishes, like those most 
 common at the present day, are found in these rocks. On Buffington Creek, in 
 Louisa County, is a stratum in an exposure so fully charged with these remains 
 that it might with propriety be called bone breccia. 
 
 Remains of articulates are rare in this formation. So far as yet discovered, 
 they are confined to two species of tribolites of the genus jjhillipsia. 
 
 Fossil shells are very common. 
 
 ^he two lowest classes of the sub-kingdom radiata are represented in the 
 genera zaphrentis, amplexus and syringapora, wliile the highest class — echino- 
 derms — are found in most extraordinary profusion. 
 
126 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 The Keokuk Limestone. — It is only in the four counties of Lee, Van 
 Buren, Henry and Des Moines that this formation is to be seen. 
 
 In some localities the upper silicious portion of this formation is known as 
 the Geode bed. It is not recognizable in the northern portion of the formation, 
 nor in connection "with it where it is exposed, about eighty miles below Keokuk. 
 
 The geodes of the Geode bed are more or less spherical masses of silex, 
 usually hollow and lined with crystals of quartz. The outer crust is rough and 
 unsightly, but the crystals which stud the interior are often very beautiful. 
 They vary in cize from the size of a Avalnut to a foot in diameter. 
 
 The economic value of this formation is very great. Large quantities of its 
 stone have been used in the finest structures in the State, among which are the 
 post offices at Dubuque and Des Moines. The principal quarries are along the 
 banks of the Mississippi, from Keokuk to Nauvoo. 
 
 The only vertebrate fossils found in the formation are fishes, all belonging 
 to tlie order selachians, some of which indicate that their owners reached a 
 length of twenty-five or thirty feet. 
 
 Of the articulates, only two species of the genus pJiillipsia have been found 
 in this formation. 
 
 Of the mollusks, no cephalopods have yet been recognized in this formation in 
 this State ; gasteropods are rare ; brachiopods and polyzoans are quite abundant. 
 
 Of radiates, corals of genera zaphrentes, amplexus and aulopei'a are found, 
 but crinoids are most abundant. 
 
 Of the low forms of animal life, the protozoans, a small fossil related to the 
 sponges, is found in this formation in small numbers. 
 
 The St. Louis Limestone. — This is the uppermost of the subcarboniferous 
 group in Iowa. The superficial area it occupies is comparatively small, because 
 it consists of long, narrow, strips, yet its exten^ is very great. It is first seen 
 resting on the geode division of the Keokuk limestone, near Keokuk. Pro- 
 ceeding northward, it forms a narrow border along the edge of the coal fields 
 in Lee, Des Moines, Henry, Jefferson, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska 
 Counties. It is then lost sight of until it appears again in the banks of Boone 
 River, where it again passes out of view under the coal measures until it is 
 next seen in the banks of the Des Moines, near Fort Dodge-. As it exists in 
 Iowa, it consists of three tolerably distinct subdivisions — the magnesian, arena- 
 ceous and calcareous. 
 
 The upper division furnishes excellent material for quicklime, and when 
 quarries are Avell opened, as in the northwestern part of Van Buren County, 
 large blocks arc obtained. The sandstone, or middle division, is of little 
 economic value. The lower or magnesian division furnishes a valuable 
 and durable stone, exposures of Avliich are found on Lick Creek, in Van Buren 
 County, and on Long Creek, seven miles west of Burlington. 
 
 Of the fossils of this formation, the vertebrates are represented only by the 
 remains of fish, belont'in'i; to the two orders, selachians and ganoids. The 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 127 
 
 articulates are represented by one species of the trilobite, genus phillipna, and 
 two ostracoid, genera, cijthre and beyricia. The mollusks distinguish this 
 formation more than any other branch of the animal kingdom. Radiates are 
 exceedingly rare, showing a marked contrast between this formation and the 
 two preceding it. 
 
 The rocks of the subcarboniferous period have in other countries, and in 
 other parts of our own country, furnished valuable minerals, and even coal, but 
 in Iowa the economic value is confined to its stone alone. 
 
 The Lower Silurian, Upper Silurian and Devonian rocks of Iowa are largely 
 composed of limestone. Magnesia also enters largely into the subcarbon- 
 iferous group. With the completion of the St. Louis limestone, the 
 production of the magnesian limestone seems to have ceased among the rocks of 
 loAva. 
 
 Although the Devonian age has been called the age of fishes, yet so far as 
 Iowa is concerned, the rocks of no period can compare with the subcarbon- 
 iferous in the abundance and variety of the fish remains, and, for this reason, 
 the Burlington and Keokuk limestones will in the future become more 
 famous among geologists, perhaps, than any other formations in North 
 America. 
 
 It will be seen that the Chester limestone is omitted from the subcarbon- 
 iferous group, and which completes the full geological series. It is probable 
 the whole surface of Iowa was above the sea during the time of the 
 formation of the Chester limestone to the southward about one hundred 
 miles. 
 
 At the close of the epoch of the Chester limestone, the shallow seas in 
 which the lower coal measures were formed again occupied the land, extending 
 almost as far north as that sea had done in which the Kinderhook beds were 
 formed, and to the northeastward its deposits extended beyond the subcarbon- 
 iferous groups, outlines of which are found upon the next, or Devonian rock. 
 
 THE COAL-MEASURE GROUP. 
 
 The coal-measure group of Iowa is properly divided into three formations, 
 viz., the lower, middle and upper coal measures, each having a vertical thick- 
 ness of about two hundred feet. 
 
 A line drawn upon the map of Iowa as follows, will represent the eastern 
 and northern boundaries of the coal fields of the State : Commencins at the 
 southeast corner of Van Buren County, carry the line to the northeast corner 
 of Jefferson County by a slight easterly curve through the western portions of 
 Lee and Henry Counties. Produce this line until it reaches a point six or 
 eight miles northward from the one last named, and then carry it northwest- 
 ward, keeping it at about the same distance to the northward of Skunk River 
 and its north branch that it had at first, until it reaches the southern boundary 
 of Marshall County, a little west of its center. Then carry it to a point 
 
128 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 three or four miles northeast from Eldora, in Hardin County ; thence west- 
 ward to a point a little north of Webster City, in Hamilton County ; and 
 thence further westward to a point a little north of Fort Dodge, in Webster 
 County. 
 
 Lower Coal Measures. — In consequence of tlie recedence to the southward 
 of the borders of the middle and upper coal measures, the lower coal measures 
 alone exist to the eastward and northward of Des Moines River. They also 
 occupy a large area westward and southward of that river, but their southerly 
 dip passes them below the middle coal measures at no great distance from the 
 river. 
 
 No other formation in the whole State possesses the economic value of the 
 lower coal measures. The clay that underlies almost every bed of coal furnishes 
 a large amount of material for potters' use. The sandstone of these measures 
 is usually soft and unfit, but in some places, as near Red Rock, in Marion 
 County, blocks of large dimensions are obtained which make good building 
 material, samples of which can be seen in the State Arsenal, at Des Moines. 
 On the whole, that portion of the State occupied by the lower coal measures, 
 is not well supplied with stone. 
 
 But few fossils have been found in any of the strata of the lower coal meas- 
 ures, but such animal remains as have been found are without exception of 
 marine origin. 
 
 Of fossil plants found in these measures, all probably belong to the class 
 aerogens. Specimens of calamites, and several species of ferns, are found in 
 all of the coal measures, but the genus lepidodendron seems not to have existed 
 later than the epoch of the middle coal measures. 
 
 Middle Coal Measures. — This formation within the State of Iowa occupies 
 a narrow belt of territory in the southern central portion of the State, embrac- 
 ing a superficial area of about fourteen hundred square miles. The counties 
 more or less underlaid by this formation are Guthrie, Dallas, Polk, Madison, 
 Warren, Clarke, Lucas, INIonroe, AVayne and Appanoose. 
 
 This formation is composed of alternating beds of clay, sandstone and lime- 
 stone, the clays or shales constituting the bulk of the formation, the limestone 
 occurring in their bands, the lithological peculiarities of which offer many con- 
 trasts to the limestones of the upper and lower coal measures. The formation 
 is also characterized by regular wave-like undulations, with a parallelism which 
 indicates a widespread disturbance, though no dislocation of the strata have 
 been discovered. 
 
 Generally speaking, few species of fossils occur in these beds. Some of the 
 shales and sandstone have afforded a few imperfectly preserved land plants — 
 three or four species of ferns, belonging to the genera. Some of the carbonif- 
 erous shales afford beautiful specimens of what appear to have been sea-weeds. 
 Radiates are represented by corals. The mollusks are most numerously repre- 
 sented. Trilohites and ostracoids are the only remains known of articulates. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 129 
 
 Vertebrates are only known by the remains of salachians, or sharks, and 
 ganoids. 
 
 Upper Coal Measures. — The area occupied by this formation in Iowa is 
 very great, comprising thirteen whole counties, in the southwestern part of the 
 State. It adjoins by its northern and eastern boundaries the area occupied by 
 the middle coal measures. 
 
 The prominent lithological features of this formation are its limestones, yet 
 it contains a considerable proportion of shales and sandstones. Although it is 
 known by the name of upper coal measures, it contains but a single bed of coal, 
 and that only about twenty inches in maximum thickness. 
 
 The limestone exposed in this formation furnishes good material for building 
 as in Madison and Fremont Counties. The sandstones are quite worthless. No 
 beds of clay for potter's use are found in the whole formation. 
 
 The fossils in this formation are much more numerous than in either the 
 middle or lower coal measures. The vertebrates are represented by the fishes 
 of the orders selachians and ganoids. The articulates are represented by the 
 trilobites and ostracoids. Mollusks are represented by the classes cephalapoda, 
 gasteropoda, lamelU, branchiata, hrachiapoda and polyzoa. Radiates are more 
 numerous than in the lower and middle coal measures. Protogoans are repre- 
 sented in the greatest abundance, some layers of limestone being almost entirely 
 composed of their small fusiform shells. 
 
 CRETACEOUS SYSTEM. 
 
 There being no rocks, in Iowa, of permian, triassic or Jurassic age, the 
 next strata in the geological series are of the cretaceous age. They are found 
 in the western half of the State, and do not dip, as do all the other formations 
 upon which they rest, to the southward and westw^ard, but have a general dip 
 of their own to the north of westward, which, however, is very slight. 
 Although the actual exposures of cretaceous rocks are few in Iowa, there is 
 reason to believe that nearly all the western half of the State was originally 
 occupied by them ; but being very friable, they have been removed by denuda- 
 tion, which has taken place at two separate periods. The first period was 
 during its elevation from the cretaceous sea, and during the long tertiary age 
 that passed between the time of that elevation and the commencement of the 
 glacial epoch. The second period w"as during the glacial epoch, when the ice 
 produced their entire removal over considerable areas. 
 
 It is difficult to indicate the exact boundaries of these rocks ; the following 
 will approximate the outlines of the area : 
 
 From the northeast corner to the southwest corner of Kossuth County ; 
 thence to the southeast corner of Guthrie County; thence to the southeast 
 corner of Cass County; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Mont- 
 gomery County ; thence to the middle of the north boundary of Pottawattamie 
 County ; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Woodbury County ; 
 
130 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 tiience to Sergeant's bluiFs ; up the Missouri and Big Sioux Rivers to the 
 northwest corner of the State ; eastward along the State line to the place of 
 beginning. 
 
 All the cretaceous rocks in Iowa are a part of the same deposits farther up 
 the Missouri River, and in reality form their eastern boundary. 
 
 Nishnahotanij Sandstone. — This rock has the most easterly and southerly 
 extent of the cretaceous deposits of Iowa, reaching the southeastern part of 
 Guthrie County and the southern part of jNIontgomery County. To the north- 
 ward, it passes beneath the Woodbury sandstones and shales, the latter passing 
 beneath the inoceramus, or chalky, beds. This sandstone is, with few excep- 
 tions, almost valueless for economic purposes. 
 
 The only fossils found in this formation are a few fragments of angiosper- 
 mous leaves. 
 
 Woodbioy Sandstones and Shahs. — These strata rest upon the Nishna- 
 botany sandstone, and have not been observed outside of Woodbury County, 
 hence their name. Their principal exposure is at Sergeant's Bluffs, seven 
 miles below Sioux City. 
 
 This rock has no value except for purposes of common masonry. 
 
 Fossil remains are rare. Detached scales of a lepidoginoid species have 
 been detected, but no other vertebrate remains. Of remains of vegetation, 
 leaves of salix meekii and sassafras cretaceum have been occasionally found. 
 
 Inoceramus Beds. — These beds rest upon the Woodbury sandstones and 
 shales. They have not been observed in Iowa, except in the bluffs which 
 border the Big Sioux River in Woodbury and Plymouth Counties. They are 
 composed almost entirely of calcareous material, the upper portion of which is 
 extensively used for lime. No building material is to be obtained from these 
 beds ; and the only value they possess, except lime, are the marls, which at 
 some time may be useful on the soil of the adjacent region. 
 
 The only vertebrate remains found in the cretaceous rocks are the fishes. 
 Those in the inoceramus beds of Iowa are two species of squoloid selachians, 
 or cestratront, and three genera of teliosts. Molluscan remains are rare. 
 
 PEAT. 
 
 Extensive beds of peat exist in Northern Middle Iowa, which, it is esti- 
 mated, contain the following areas : 
 
 Counties. Acres. 
 
 Cerro Gordo 1,500 
 
 Worth 2,000 
 
 Winnebago 2,000 
 
 Hancock 1,500 
 
 Wright 500 
 
 Kossuth 700 
 
 Dickinson 80 
 
 Several other counties contain peat beds, but the character of the peat is 
 inferior to that in the northern part of the State. The character of the peat 
 
 I 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 131 
 
 named is equal to that of Ireland. The beds are of an average depth of four 
 feet. It is estimated that each acre of these beds Avill furnish two hundred and 
 fifty tons of dry fuel for each foot in depth. At present, owing to the sparse- 
 ness of the population, this peat is not utilized ; but, owing to its great distance 
 from the coal fields and the absence of timber, the time is coming when their 
 value will be realized, and the fact demonstrated that Nature has abundantly 
 compensated the deficiency of other fuel. 
 
 GYPSUM, 
 
 The only deposits of the sulphates of the alkaline earths of any economic 
 value in Iowa are those of gypsum at and in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, in 
 Webster County. All others are small and unimportant. The deposit occupies 
 a nearly central position in Webster County, the Des Moines River running 
 nearly centrally through it, along the valley sides of which the gypsum is seen 
 in the form of ordinary rock cliff and ledges, and also occurring abundantly in 
 similar positions along both sides of the valleys of the smaller streams and of 
 the numerous ravines coming into the river valley. 
 
 The most northerly known limit of the deposit is at a point near the mouth 
 of Lizard Creek, a tributary of the Des Moines River, and almost adjoining 
 the town of Fort Dodge. The most southerly point at which it has been 
 found exposed is about six miles, by way of the river, from this northerly point 
 before mentioned. Our knowledge of the width of the area occupied by it is 
 limited by the exposures seen in the valleys of the small streams and in the 
 ravines which come into the valley within the distance mentioned. As one goes 
 up these ravines and minor valleys, the gypsum becomes lost beneath the over- 
 lying drift. There can be no doubt that the different parts of this deposit, now 
 disconnected by the valleys and ravines having been cut through it, were orig- 
 inally connected as a continuous deposit, and there seems to be as little reason 
 to doubt that the gypsum still extends to considerable distance on each side of 
 the valley of the river beneath the drift which covers the region to a depth of 
 from twenty to sixty feet. 
 
 The country round about this region has the prairie surface approximating 
 a general level which is so characteristic of the greater part of the State, and 
 which exists irrespective of the character or geological age of the strata beneath, 
 mainly because the drift is so deep and uniformly distributed that it frequently 
 almost alone gives character to the surface. The valley sides of the Des Moines 
 River, in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, are somewhat abrupt, having a depth there 
 from the general level of the upland of about one hundred and seventy feet, 
 and consequently presents somewhat bold and interesting features in the land- 
 scape. 
 
 As one walks up and down the creeks and ravines which come into the 
 valley of the Des Moines River there, he sees the gypsum exposed on 
 either side of them, jutting out from beneath the drift in the form of 
 
132 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 ledges and bold quarry fronts, having almost the exact appearance of 
 ordinary limestone exposures, so horizontal and regular are its lines of 
 stratification, and so similar in color is it to some varieties of that rock. The 
 principal quarries now opened are on Two Mile Creek, a couple of miles below 
 Fort Dodge. 
 
 The reader will please bear in mind that the gypsum of this remarkable 
 deposit does not occur in "heaps" or " nests," as it does in most deposits of 
 gypsum in the States farther eastward, but that it exists here in the form of a 
 regularly stratified, continuous formation, as uniform in texture, color and 
 quality throughout the whole region, and from top to bottom of the deposit 
 as the granite of the Quincy quarries is. Its color is a uniform gray, result- 
 ing from alternating fine horizontal lines of nearly white, with similar lines 
 of darker shade. The gypsum of the white lines is almost entirely pure, the 
 darker lines containing the impurity. This is at intervals barely sufficient in 
 amount to cause the separation of the mass upon those lines into beds or layers, 
 thus facilitating the quarrying of it into desired shapes. These bedding sur- 
 faces have occasionally a clayey feeling to the touch, but there is nowhere any 
 intercalation of clay or other foreign substance in a separate form. The deposit 
 is known to reach a thickness of thirty feet at the quarries referred to, but 
 although it will probably be found to exceed this thickness at some other points, 
 at the natural exposures, it is seldom seen to be more than from ten to twenty 
 feet thick. 
 
 Since the drift is usually seen to rest directly upon the gypsum, with noth- 
 ing intervening, except at a few points where traces appear of an overlying bed 
 of clayey material without doubt of the same age as the gypsum, the latter 
 probably lost something of its thickness by mechanical erosion during the 
 glacial epoch ; and it has, doubtless, also suffered some diminution of thickness 
 since then by solution in the waters which constantly percolate through the 
 drift from the surface. The drift of this region being somewhat clayey, partic- 
 ulary in its lower part, it has doubtless served in some degree as a protection 
 against the diminution of the gypsum by solution in consequence of its partial 
 imperviousness to water. If the gypsum had been covered by a deposit of sand 
 instead of the drift clays, it would have no doubt long since disappeared by 
 being dissolved in the water that would have constantly reached it from the sur- 
 face. Water merely resting upon it would not dissolve it away to any extent, 
 but it rapidly disappears under the action of running water. Where little rills 
 of water at the time of every rain run over the face of an unused quarry, from 
 the surface above it, deep grooves are thereby cut into it, giving it somewhat the 
 appearance of melting ice around a waterfall. The fact that gypsum is now 
 suffering a constant, but, of course, very slight, diminution, is apparent in the 
 fact the springs of the region contain more or less of it in solution in their 
 waters. An analysis of water from one of these springs will be found in Prof. 
 Emery's report. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 133 
 
 Besides the clayey beds that are sometimes, seen to rest upon the gypsum, 
 there are occasionally others seen beneath them that are also of the same 
 age, and not of the age of the coal-measure strata upon which they rest. 
 
 A(je of the Gypsum Deposit. — In neither the gypsum nor the associated 
 clays has any trace of any fossil remains been found, nor has any other indica- 
 tion of its geological age been observed, except that which is afforded by its 
 stratigraphical relations ; and the most that can be said Avith certainty is that it 
 is newer than the coal measures, and older than the drift. The indications 
 afforded by the stratigraphical relations of the gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge 
 are, however, of considerable value. 
 
 As already shown, it rests in that region directly and unconformably upon 
 the lower coal measures ; but going southward from there, the whole series of 
 coal-measure strata from the top of the subcarboniferous group to the upper 
 coal measures, inclusive, can be traced without break or unconformability. 
 The strata of the latter also may be traced in the same manner up into the 
 Permian rocks of Kansas; and through this long series, there is no place or 
 horizon which suggests that the gypsum deposit might belong there. 
 
 Again, no Tertiary deposits are known to exist within or near the borders 
 of Iowa to suggest that the gypsum might be of that age ; nor are any of the 
 palaeozoic strata newer than the subcarboniferous unconformable upon each 
 other as the other gypsum is unconformable upon the strata beneath it. It 
 therefore seems, in a measure, conclusive, that the gypsum is of Mesozoic ago, 
 perhaps older than the Cretaceous. 
 
 Lithohgical Origin. — As little can be said with certainty concerning the 
 lithological origin of this deposit as can be said concerning its geological age, 
 for it seems to present itself in this relation, as in the former one, as an isolated 
 fact. None of the associated strata show any traces of a double decomposition 
 of pre-existing materials, such as some have supposed all deposits of gypsum to 
 have resulted from. No considerable quantities of oxide of iron nor any trace 
 of native sulphur have been found in connection with it ; nor has any salt been 
 found in the waters of the region. These substances are common in association 
 with other gypsum deposits, and are regarded by some persons as indicative of 
 the method of or resulting from their origin as such. Throughout the whole 
 region, the Fort Dodge gypsum has the exact appearance of a sedimentary 
 deposit. It is arranged in layers like the regular layers of limestone, and the 
 whole mass, from top to bottom, is traced with fine horizontal laminae of alter- 
 nating white and gray gypsum, parallel with the bedding surfaces of the layers, 
 but the whole so intimately blended as to form a solid mass. The darker lines 
 contain almost all the impurity there is in the gypsum, and that impurity is 
 evidently sedimentary in its character. Frc^i these facts, and also from the 
 further one that no trace of fossil remains has been detected in the gypsum, it 
 seems not unreasonable to entertain the opinion that the gypsum of Fort Dodge 
 originated as a chemical precipitation in comparatively still waters which were 
 
134 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 saturated Avith sulphate of lime and destitute of life ; its stratification and 
 impurities being deposited at the same time as clayey impurities which had been 
 held suspended in the same waters. 
 
 Physical Properties. — Much has already been said of the physical proper- 
 ties or character of this gypsum, but as it is so different in some respects' from 
 that of other deposits, there are yet other matters worthy of mention in connec- 
 tion Avith those. According to the results of a complete and exhaustive anal- 
 ysis by Prof. Emery, the ordinary gray gypsum contains only about eight per 
 cent, of impurity ; and it is possible that the average impurity for the whole 
 deposit will not exceed that proportion, so uniform in quality is it from to top 
 to bottom and from one end of the region to the other. 
 
 When it is remembered that plaster for agricultural purposes is sometimes 
 prepared from gypsum that contains as much as thirty per cent, of impurity, it 
 will be seen that ours is a very superior article for such purposes. The impu- 
 rities are also of such a character that they do not in any w-ay interfere with its 
 value for use in the arts. Although the gypsum rock has a gray color, it 
 becomes quite white by grinding, and still whiter by the calcining process nec- 
 essary in the preparation of plaster of Paris. These tests have all been practi- 
 cally made in the rooms of the Geological Survey, and the quality of the plaster 
 of Paris still further tested by actual use and experiment. No hesitation, 
 therefore, is felt in stating that the Fort Dodge gypsum is of as good a quality 
 as any in the country, even for the finest uses. 
 
 In view of the bounteousness of the primitive fertility of our Iowa soils, 
 many persons forget that a time may come when Nature will refuse to respond 
 so generously to our demand as she does now, without an adequate return. 
 Such are apt to say that this vast deposit of gypsum is valueless to our com- 
 monwealth, except to the small extent that it may be used in the arts. This 
 is undoubtedly a short-sighted view of the subject, for the time is even now 
 rapidly passing away Avhen a man may purchase a new farm for less money 
 than he can re-fertilize and restore the partially wasted primitive fertility of the 
 one he now occupies. There are farms even now in a large part of the older 
 settled portions of the State that would be greatly benefited by the proper 
 application of plaster, and such areas will continue to increase until it will be 
 difficult to estimate the value of the deposit of gypsum at Fort Dodge. It 
 should be remembered, also, that the inhabitants of an extent of country 
 adjoining our State more than three times as great as its own area will find it 
 more convenient to obtain their supplies from Fort Dodge than from any other 
 source. 
 
 For want of direct railroad communication between this region and other 
 parts of the State, the only use yet made of the gypsum by the inhabitants is 
 for the purposes of ordinary building stone. It is so compact that it is found 
 to be comparatively unaffected by the frost, and its ordinary situation in walls 
 of houses is such that it is protected from the dissolving action of water, which 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 135 
 
 can at most reach it only from occasional rains, and the eflfect of these is too 
 slight to be perceived after the lapse of several years. 
 
 One of the citizens of Fort Dodge, Hon. John F. Duncombe, built a large, 
 fine residence of it. in 1861, the walls of which appear as unaffected by 
 exposure and as beautiful as they were when first erected. It has been so long 
 and successfully used for building stone by the inhabitants that they now prefer 
 it to the limestone of good quality, which also exists in the immediate vicinity. 
 This preference is due to the cheapness of the gypsum, as compared with the 
 stone. The cheapness of the former is largely due to the facility with which it 
 is quarried and wrought. Several other houses have been constructed of it in 
 Fort Dodge, including the depot building of the Dubuque & Sioux City Rail- 
 road. The company have also constructed a large culvert of the same material 
 to span a creek near the town, limestone only being used for the lower courses, 
 which come in contact with the water. It is a fine arch, each stone of gypsum 
 being nicely hewn, and it will doubtless prove a very durable one. Many of 
 the sidewalks in the town are made of the slabs or flags of gypsum which occur 
 in some of the quarries in the form of thin layers. They are more durable 
 than their softness would lead one to suppose. They also possess an advantage 
 over stone in not becoming slippery when worn. 
 
 The method adopted in quarrying and dressing the blocks of gypsum is 
 peculiar, and quite unlike that adopted in similar treatment of ordinary stone. 
 Taking a stout auger-bit of an ordinary brace, such as is used by carpenters, 
 and filing the cutting parts of it into a peculiar form, the quarryman bores his 
 holes into the gypsum quarry for blasting, in the same manner and with as 
 great fiicility as a carpenter would bore hard wood. The pieces being loosened 
 by blasting, they are broken up with sledges into convenient sizes, or hewn 
 into the desired shapes by means of hatchets or ordinary chopping axes, or cut 
 by means of ordinary wood-saws. So little grit does the gypsum contain that 
 these tools, made for working wood, are found to be better adapted for working 
 the former substance than those tools are which are universally used for work- 
 ing stone. 
 
 MINOR DEPOSITS OF SULPHATE OF LIME. 
 
 Besides the great gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge, sulphate of lime in the 
 various forms of fibrous gypsum, selenite, and small, amorphous masses, has 
 also been discovered in various formations in different parts of the State, includ- 
 ing the coal -measure shales near Fort Dodge, where it exists in small quanti- 
 ties, quite independently of the great gypsum deposit there. The quantity of 
 gypsum in these minor deposits is always too small to be of any practical value, 
 and frequently minute. They usually occur in shales and shaly clays, asso- 
 ciated with strata that contain more or less sulphuret of iron (iron pyrites). 
 Gypsum has thus been detected in the coal measures, the St. Louis limestone, 
 the cretaceous strata, and also in the lead caves of Dubuque. In most of these 
 cases it is evidently the result of double decomposition of iron pyrites and car- 
 
136 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 bonate of lime, previously existing there ; in which cases the gypsum is of course 
 not an original deposit as the great one at Fort Dodge is supposed to be. 
 
 The existence of these comparatively minute quantities of gypsum in the 
 shales of the coal measures and the subcarboniferous limestone which are exposed 
 within the region of and occupy a stratigraphical position beneath the great 
 gypsum deposits, suggests the possibility that the former may have originated as 
 a precipitate from percolating waters, holding gypsum in solution Avhich they 
 had derived from that deposit in passing over or through it. Since, however, 
 the same substance is found in similar small quantities and under similar con- 
 ditions in regions where they could have had no possible connection with that 
 deposit, it is believ,ed that none of those mentioned have necessarily originated 
 from it, not even those that are found in close proximity to it. 
 
 The gypsum found in the lead caves is usually in the form of efflorescent 
 fibers, and is always in small quantity. In the lower coal-measure shale near 
 Fort Dodge, a small mass was found in the form of an intercalated layer, which 
 had a distinct fibrous structure, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of 
 the layer. The same mass had also distinct, horizontal planes of cleavage at 
 right angles. with the perpendicular fibers. Thus, being more or less transpa- 
 rent, the mass combined the characters of both fibrous gypsum and selenite. 
 No anhydrous sulphate of lime [anhydrite) has been found in connection with 
 the great gypsum deposit, nor elsewhere in Iowa, so far as yet known. 
 
 SULPHATE OF STRONTIA. 
 {^Celes'ine.) 
 
 The only locality at which this interesting mineral has yet been found in 
 Iowa, or, so fiir as is known, in the great valley of the Mississippi, is at Fort 
 Dodge. It occurs there in very small quantity in both the shales of the lower 
 coal measures and in the clays that overlie the gypsum deposit, and which are 
 regarded as of the same age with it. The first is just below the city, near Rees' 
 coal bank, and occurs as a layer intercalated among the coal measure shales, 
 amounting in quantity to only a few hundred pounds' weight. The mineral is 
 fibrous and crystalline, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of the layer. 
 Breaking also with more or less distinct horizontal planes of cleavage, it resem- 
 bles, in physical character, the layer of fibro-crystalline gypsum before men- 
 tioned. Its color is light blue, is transparent and shows crystaline facets upon 
 both the upper and under surfaces of the layer ; those of the upper surface 
 being smallest and most numerous. It breaks up readily into small masses 
 along the lines of the perpendicular fibers or columns. The layer is probably 
 not more than a rod in extent in any direction and about three inches in maxi- 
 mum thickness. Apparent lines of stratification occur in it, corresponding with 
 those of the shales which imbed it. 
 
 The other deposit was still smaller in amount, and occurred as a mass of 
 crystals imbedded in the clays that overlie the gypsum at Cummins' quarry in 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 137 
 
 the valley of Soldier Creek, upon the north side of the town. The mineral is 
 in this case nearly colorless, and but for the form of the separate crystals would 
 closely resemble masses of impure salt. The crystals are so closely aggregated 
 that they enclose but little impurity in the mass, but in almost all cases their 
 fundamental forms are obscured. Tliis mineral has almost no real practical 
 value, and its occurrence, as described, is interesting only as a mineralogical 
 fact. 
 
 SULPHATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 [Bari/tis, Heavy Spar.) 
 
 This mineral has been found only in minute quantities in Iowa. It has 
 been detected in the coal-measure shales of Decatur, Madison and Marion 
 Counties, the Devonian limestone of Johnson and Bremer Counties and in the 
 lead caves of Dubuque. In all these cases, it is in the form of crystals or small 
 crystalline masses. 
 
 SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 ( Epsomile.) 
 
 Epsomite, or native epsom salts, having been discovered near Burlington, 
 we have thus recognized in Iowa all the sulphates of the alkaline earths of 
 natural origin ; all of them, except the sulphate of lime, being in very small 
 quantity. Even if the sulphate of magnesia were produced in nature, in large 
 quantities, it is so very soluble that it can accumulate only in such positions as 
 afford it complete shelter from the rains or running water. The epsomite 
 mentioned was found beneath the overhanging cliff of Burlington limestone, 
 near Starr's mill, which are represented in the sketch upon another page, illus- 
 trating the subcarboniferous rocks. It occurs in the form of efflorescent encrus- 
 tations upon the surface of stones and in similar small fragile masses among the 
 fine debris that has fallen down beneath the overhanging cliff. The projection 
 of the cliff over the perpendicular face of the strata beneath amounts to near 
 twenty feet at the point where epsomite was found. Consequently the rains 
 never reach far beneath it from any quarter. The rock upon which the epsom- 
 ite accumulates is an impure limestone, containing also some carbonate of mag- 
 nesia, together with a small proportion of iron pyrites in a finely divided con- 
 dition. It is doubtless by double decomposition of these that the epsomite re- 
 sults. By experiments with this native salt in the ofiice of the Survey, a fine 
 article of epsom salts was produced, but the quantity that might be annually 
 obtained there would amount to only a few pounds, and of course is of no prac- 
 tical value whatever, on account of its cheapness in the market. 
 
 CLIMATOLOGY. 
 
 No extended record of the climatology of Iowa has been made, yet much of 
 great vakie may be learned from observations made at a single point. Prof T. 
 S. Parvin, of the State University, has recorded observations made from 1839 
 to the present time. Previous to 1860, these observations were made at Mus- 
 
138 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 catine. Since that date, they were made in Iowa City. The result is that the 
 atmospheric conditions of the climate of Iowa are in the highest degree favor- 
 able to health. 
 
 The highest temperature here occurs in August, Avhile July is the liottest 
 month in the year by two degrees, and January the coldest by three degrees. 
 
 The mean temperature of April and October most nearly corresponds to the 
 mean temperature of the year, as well as their seasons of Spring and Fall, 
 while that of Summer and Winter is best represented in that of August and 
 December. 
 
 The period of greatest heat ranges from June 22d to August 31st ; the next 
 mean time being July 27th. The lowest temperature extends from December 
 16th to February loth, the average being January 20th — the range in each 
 case being two full months. 
 
 The climate of Iowa embraces the range of that of New York, Pennsyl- 
 vania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. The seasons are not characterized by the 
 frequent and sudden changes so common in the latitudes further south. The 
 temperature of the Winters is somewhat lower than States eastward, but of other 
 seasons it is higher. The atmosphere is dry and invigorating. The surfice of 
 the State being free at all seasons of the year from stagnant water, with good 
 breezes at nearly all seasons, the miasmatic and pulmonary diseases are 
 unknown. Mortuary statistics show this to be one of the most healthful States 
 in the Union, being one death to every ninety-four persons. The Spring, 
 Summer and Fall months are delightful ; indeed, the glory of Iowa is her 
 Autumn, and nothing can transcend the splendor of her Indian Summer, which 
 lasts for weeks, and finally blends, almost imperceptibly, into Winter. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 DISCOVERY AND OCCUPATION. 
 
 Iowa, in the syinholical and expressive language of the aboriginal inhab- 
 itants, is said to signify " The Beautiful Land," and was applied to this 
 magnificent and fruitful region by its ancient owners, to express their apprecia- 
 tion of its superiority of climate, soil and location. Prior to 1803, the Mississippi 
 River Avas the extreme western boundary of the United States. All the great 
 empire lying west of the " Father of Waters," from the Gulf of Mexico on the 
 south to British America on the north, and westward to the Pacific Ocean was 
 a Spanish province. A brief historical sketch of the discovery and occupation 
 of this grand empire by the Spanish and French governments will be a fitting 
 introduction to the history of the young and thriving State of loAva, which, 
 until the commencement of the present century, was a part of the Spanish 
 possessions in America. 
 
 Early in the Spring of 1542, fifty years after Columbus discovered the New 
 World, and one hundred and thirty years before the French missionaries discov- 
 ered its upper waters, Ferdinand De Soto discovered the mouth of the Mississippi 
 River at the mouth of the Washita. After the sudden death of De Soto, in 
 May of the same year, his followers built a small vessel, and in July, 1543, 
 descended the great river to the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 In accordance with the usage of nations, under wdiich title to the soil was 
 claimed by right of discovery, Spain, having conquered Florida and discovered 
 the Mississippi, claimed all the territory bordering on that river and the Gulf of 
 Mexico. But it was also held by the European nations that, while discovery 
 gave title, that title must be perfected by actual possession and occupation. 
 Although Spain claimed the territory by right of fir-t discovery, she made no 
 effort to occupy it; by no permanent settlement had slie perfected and held her 
 title, and therefore had forfeited it when, at a later period, the Lower Mississippi 
 Valley was re-discovered and occupied by Frnnce. 
 
 The unparalleled labors of the zealous Fn nc'i Jesuits of Canada in penetrating 
 the unknown region of the West, commencing in 1611, form a history of no ordi- 
 nary interest, but have no particular connection with the scope of the present 
 work, until in the Fall of 1665. Pierre Claude Allouez, who had entered Lake 
 Superior in September, and sailed along the southern coast in search of copper, 
 had arrived at the great village of the Chippewas at Chegoincegon. Here a 
 grand council of some ten or twelve of the principal Indian nations was held. 
 The Pottawatomies of Lake Michigan, the Sacs and Foxes of the West, the 
 Hurons from the North, the Illinois from the South, and the Sioux from the 
 land of the prairie and wild rice, were all assembled there. The Illinois told 
 
140 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 the story of their ancient glory and ahout the nolth' river on the banks of Avhich 
 they dwelt. The Sioux also told their -white brother of the same great river, 
 and Allouez promised to the assembled tribes the protection of the French 
 nation against all their enemies, native or foreign. 
 
 The purpose of discovering the great river about which the Indian na- 
 tions had given such glowing accounts appears to have originated with Mar- 
 quette, in 1069. In the year previous, lie and Claude Dablon had established 
 the Mission of St. Mary's, the oldest -white settlement ■within the present limits 
 of the State of j\lichigan. Marquette was delayed in the execution of his great 
 undertaking, and spent the interval in studying the language and habits of the 
 Illinois Indians, among whom he expected to travel. 
 
 About this time, the French Government had determined to extend the do- 
 minion of France to the extreme western borders of Canada. Nicholas Perrot 
 was sent as the agent of the government, to propose a grand council of the 
 Indian nations, at St. Mary's. 
 
 When Perrot reached Green Bay, he extended the invitation far and near ; 
 and, escorted by Pottawatomies, repaired on a mission of peace and friend- 
 ship to the Miamis, who occupied the region about the present location of 
 Chicago. 
 
 In May, 1671, a great council of Indians gathered at the Falls of St. 
 Mary, from all parts of the NorthAvest, from the head Avaters of the St. Law- 
 rence, from the valley of the Mississippi and from the Red River of the North. 
 Perrot met with them, and after grave consultation, formally announced to the 
 assembled nations that their good French Father felt an abiding interest in their 
 welfare, and had placed them all under the powerful protection of the French 
 Government. 
 
 Marquette, during that same year, had gathered at Point St. Ignace the 
 reran ants of one branch of the Hurons. This station, for a long series of 
 years, was considered the key to the unknown West. 
 
 The time was now auspicious for the consummation of Marquette's grand 
 project. The successful termination of Perrot's mission, and the general friend- 
 liness of the native tribes, rendered the contemplated expedition much less per- 
 ilous. But it was not until 1673 that the intrepid and enthusiastic ])riest was 
 finally ready to depart on his daring and perilous journey to lands never trod by 
 white men. 
 
 The Indians, who had gathered in large numbers to witness his departure, 
 were astounded at the boldness of the proposed undertaking, and tried to dis- 
 courage him, representing that the Indians of the Mississippi A'alley Avere cruel 
 and bloodthirsty, and would resent the intrusion of strangers uj)on their domain. 
 The great river itself, they said, A\'as the abode of terrible monsters, who could 
 swalloAV both canoes and men. 
 
 But Marquette was not to be diverted from his purpose by these fearful re- 
 ports. He assured his dusky friends that he Avas ready to make any sacrifice, 
 even to lay doAvn his life for the sacred cause in Avhich he Avas eng;»ged. lie 
 prayed Avith them ; and having implored the blessing of God upon his undertak- 
 ing, on the 1-jth day of May, 1678, with Joliet and five Canadian-French voy- 
 ageurs, or boatmen, he left the mission on his daring journey. Ascending 
 Green Bay and Fox River, these bold and enthusiastic pioneers of religion and 
 discovery proceeded until they reached a Miami and Kickapoo village, Avliere 
 Marquette Avas delighted to find "a beautiful cross ])lanted in the middle of the 
 toAvn, ornamented Avith Avhite skins, red girdles and boAvs and arroAvs, Avhich 
 these good people had ofl'ercd to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank Ilim for 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 141 
 
 the pitj He had bestowed on them during the Winter, in having given them 
 abundant chase." 
 
 This was the extreme point beyond which the explorations of the French 
 missionaries had not then extended. Here Marquette was instructed by his 
 Indian hosts in the secret of a root that cures the bite of the venomous rattle- 
 snake, drank mineral water with them and was entertained with generous hos- 
 pitality. He called together the principal men of the village, and informed 
 them that his companion, Jolict, had been sent by the French Governor of Can- 
 ada to discover new countries, to be added to the dominion of France ; but that 
 he, himself, had been sent by the Most High God, to carry the glorious religion 
 of the Cross ; and assured his wondering hearers that on this mission he had 
 no fear of death, to which he knew he would be exposed on his perilous journeys. 
 
 Obtaining the services of two Miami guides, to conduct his little band to the 
 Wisconsin River, he left the hospitable Indians on the 10th of June. Conduct- 
 ing them across the portage, their Indian guides returned to their village, and 
 the little party descended the Wisconsin, to the great river which had so long 
 been so anxiously looked for, and boldly floated down its unknown waters. 
 
 On the 25th of June, the explorers discovered indications of Indians on the 
 west bank of the river and land d a little above the mouth of the river now 
 known as Des Moines, and for the first time Europeans trod the soil of Iowa. 
 Leaving the Canadians to guard the canoes, Marquette and Joliet boldly fol- 
 lowed the trail into the interior for fourteen miles (some authorities say six), to 
 an Indian village situate on the banks of a river, and discovered two other vil- 
 lages, on the rising ground about half a league distant. Their visit, while it 
 created much astonishment, did not seem to be entirely unexpected, for there 
 was a tradition or prophecy among the Indians that white visitors were to come 
 to them. They were, therefore, received with great respect and hospitality, and 
 were cordially tendered the calumet or pipe of peace. They were informed that 
 this band was a part of the Illini nation and that their village was called Mon- 
 in-gou-ma or Moingona, Avhich was the name of the river on which it stood. 
 This, from its similarity of sound, Marquette corrupted into Des Moines 
 (Monk's River), its present name. 
 
 Here the voyagers remained six days, learning much of the manners and 
 customs of their new friends. The new religion they boldly preached and the 
 authority of the King of France they proclaimed were received without hos- 
 tility or remonstrance by their savage entertainers. On their departure, they 
 were accompanied to their canoes by the chiefs and hundreds of Avarriors. 
 Marquette received from them the sacred calumet, the emblem of peace and 
 safeguard among the nations, and re-embarked for the rest of his journey. 
 
 It is needless to follow him further, as his explorations beyond his discovery 
 of Iowa more properly belong to the history of another State. 
 
 In 1682, La Salle descended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and in 
 the name of the King of France, took formal possession of all the immense 
 region watered by the great river and its tributaries from its source to its mouth, 
 and named it Louisiana, in honor of his master, Louis XIV. The river he 
 called " Colbert," after the French Minister, and at its mouth erected a column 
 and a cross bearing the inscription, in the French language, 
 
 "Louis the Great, King of France and Navarre, 
 Reigning April 9th, 1682." 
 
 At the close of the seventeenth century, France claimed, by right of dis- 
 covery and occupancy, the Avhole valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries, 
 including Texas, as far as the Rio del Norte. 
 
142 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA 
 
 The province of Louisiana stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the sources 
 of the Tennessee, the Kanawha, the Allegheny and the Monongahela on the 
 cast, and the Missouri and the other great tributaries of the Father of Waters 
 on the west. Says Bancroft, " France had obtained, under Providence, the 
 guardianship of this immense district of country, not, as it proved, for her own 
 benefit, but rather as a trustee for the infant nation by which it was one day to 
 be inherited." 
 
 By the treaty of Utrecht, France ceded to England her possessions 
 in Hudson's Bay, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. France still retained 
 Louisiana; but the province had so far failed to meet the expectations of the 
 crown and the people that a change in the government and policy of the country 
 was deemed indispensable. Accordingly, in 1711, the province was placed in 
 the hands of a Governor General, with headquarters at Mobile. This govern- 
 ment was of brief duration, and in 1712 a charter was granted to Anthony 
 Crozat, a wealthy merchant of Paris, giving him the entire control and mo- 
 nopoly of all the trade and resources of Louisiana. But this scheme also failed. 
 Crozat met with no success in his commercial operations ; every Spanish harbor 
 on the Gulf was closed against his vessels; the occupation of Louisiana was 
 deemed an encroachment on Spanish territory ; Spain was jealous of the am- 
 bition of France. 
 
 Failing in his efforts to open the ports of the district, Crozat "sought to 
 develop the internal resources of Louisiana, by causing trading posts to be 
 opened, and explorations to be made to its remotest borders. But h.' 
 actually accomplished nothing for the advancement of the colony. The only 
 prosperity which it ever possessed grew out of the enterprise of humble indi- 
 viduals, who had succeeded in instituting a little barter b.»twe-m themselves 
 and the natives, and a petty trade with neighboring European settlements. 
 After a persevering effort of nearly five years, he surrendered his charter in 
 August, 1717." 
 
 Immediately following the surrender of his charter by Crozat, another and 
 more magnificent scheme was inaugurated. The national government of France 
 was deeply involved in debt; the colonies were nearly bankrupt, and John Law 
 appeared on the scene with his famous Mississippi Company, as the Louisiana 
 branch of the Bank of France. The charter granted to this company gave it a 
 legal existence of twenty -five years, and conferred upon it more extensive powers 
 and privileges than had been granted to Crozat. It invested the new company 
 with the exclusive privilege of the entire commerce of Louisiana, and of New 
 France, and with authority to enforce their rights. The Company was author- 
 ized to monopolize all the trade in the country ; to make treaties with the 
 Indians ; to declare and prosecute war ; to grant lands, erect forts, open mines 
 of precious metals, levy taxes, nominate civil officers, commission those of the 
 army, and to appoint and remove judges, to cast cannon, and build and equip 
 ships of war. All this was to be done with the paper currency of John Law's 
 Bank of France. Ho had succeeded in getting His Majesty the French King 
 to ado])t and sanction his scheme of financial operations both in France and in 
 the colonies, and probably there never was such a huge financial bubble ever 
 blown by a visionary theorist. Still, such was the condition of France that it 
 was accepted as a national deliverance, and Law became the most povverful man 
 in France. He became a Catholic, and was appointed Comptroller General of 
 Finance. 
 
 Among the first operations of the Company Avas to send eight hundred 
 emigrants to Louisiana, who arrived at Dauphine Island in 1718. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 143 
 
 In 1710, Philipc Francis Renault arrived in Illinois with two hundred 
 miners and artisans. The war between France and Spain at this time rendered 
 it extremely probable that the Mississippi Valley might become the theater of 
 Spanish hostilities against the French settlements ; to prevent this, as well as to 
 extend French claims, a chain of forts was begun, to keep open the connection 
 between the mouth and the sources of the Mississippi. Fort Orleans, high up 
 the Mississippi River, was erected as an outpost in 1720. 
 
 The Mississippi scheme was at the zenith of its power and glory in January, 
 1720, but the gigantic bubble collapsed more suddenly than it had been inflated, 
 and the Company was declared hopelessly bankrupt in May following. France 
 was impoverished by it, both private and public credit were overthrown, capi- 
 talists suddenly found themselves paupers, and labor was left without employ- 
 ment. The effect on the colony of Louisiana was disastrous. 
 
 While this was going on in Lower Louisiana, the region about the lakes was 
 the theater of Indian hostilities, rendering the passage from Canada to Louisiana 
 extremely dangerous for many years. The English had not only extended their 
 Indian trade into the vicinity of the French settlements, but through their 
 friends, the Iroquois, had gained a marked ascendancy over the Foxes, a fierce 
 and powerful tribe, of Iroquois descent, whom they incited to hostilities against 
 the French, The Foxes began their hostilities with the siege of Detroit in 
 1712, a siege which they continued for nineteen consecutive days, and although 
 the expedition resulted in diminishing their numbers and humbling their pride, 
 yet it Avas not until after several successive campaigns, embodying the best 
 military resources of New France, had been directed against them, that were 
 finally defeated at the great battles of Butte des Morts, and on the Wisconsin 
 River, and driven west in 1746. 
 
 The Company, having found that the cost of defending Louisiana exceeded 
 the returns from its commerce, solicited leave to surrender the Mississippi 
 wilderness to the home government. Accordingly, on the 10th of April, 1782, 
 the jurisdiction and control over the commerce reverted to the crown of France. 
 The Company had held possession of Louisiana fourteen ye'ars. In 1735, Bien- 
 ville returned to assume command for the King. 
 
 A glance at a few of the old French settlements will show the progress made 
 in portions of Louisiana during the early part of the eighteenth century. As 
 early as 1705, traders and hunters had penetrated the fertile regions of the 
 Wabash, and from this region, at that early date, fifteen thousantl hides and 
 skins had been collected and sent to Mobile for the European market. 
 
 In the year 1716, the French population on the Wabash kept up a lucrative 
 commerce with Mobile by means of traders and voyageurs. The Ohio River 
 was comparatively unknown. 
 
 In 1746, agriculture on the W^abash had attained to greater prosperity than 
 in any of the French settlements besides, and in that year six hundred barrels 
 of flour were manufactured and shipped to New Orleans, together with consider- 
 able quantities of hides, peltry, tallow and beeswax. 
 
 In the Illinois country, also, considerable settlements had been made, so that, 
 in 1730, they embraced one hundred and forty French families, about six 
 hundred "converted Indians," and many traders and voyageurs. 
 
 In 1753, the first actual conflict arose between Louisiana and the Atlantic 
 colonies. From the earliest advent of the Jesuit fathers, up to the period of 
 which we speak, the great ambition of the French had been, not alone to preserve 
 their possessions in the West, but by every possible means to prevent the 
 slightest attempt of the English, east of the mountains, to extend their settle- 
 
144 HISTORY OF TEIE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 ments toAvard the Mississippi. France was resolved on retaining possession of 
 the great territory which her missionaries had discovered and revealed to the 
 world. French commandants had avowed their purpose of seizing every 
 Englishman within the Ohio Valley. 
 
 The colonies of Pennsylvania, New York and Virginia were most affected by 
 the encroachments of France in the extension of her dominion, and particularly 
 in the great scheme of uniting Canada with Louisiana. To carry out this 
 purpose, the French had taken possession of a' tract of country claimed by Vir- 
 ginia, and had commenced a line of forts extending from the lakes to the Ohio 
 River. Virginia was not only alive to her own interests, but attentive to the 
 vast importance of an immediate and effectual resistance on the part of all 
 the English colonies to the actual and contemplated encroachments of the 
 French. 
 
 In 17C3, Governor Dinwiddie, of Virginia, sent George Washington, then a 
 young man just twenty-one, to demand of the French commandant " a reason 
 for invading British dominions while a solid peace subsisted." Washington met 
 the French commandant, Gardeur de St. Pierre, on the head waters of the 
 Alleghany, and having communicated to him the object of his journey, received 
 the insolent answer that the French would not discuss the matter of right, but 
 would make prisoners of every Englishman found trading on the Ohio and its 
 waters. The country, he said, belonged to the French, by virtue of the dis- 
 coveries of La Salle, and they would not withdraw from it. 
 
 In January, 1754, Washington returned to Virginia, and made his report to 
 the Governor and Council. Forces were at once raised, and AVashington, as 
 Lieutenant Colonel, was dispatched at the head of a hundred and fifty men, to 
 the forks of the Ohio, with orders to "finish the fort already begun there by the 
 Ohio Company, and to make prisoners, kill or destroy all Avho interrupted the 
 English settlements." 
 
 On his march through the forests of Western Pennsylvania, Washington, 
 through the aid of friendly Indians, discovered the French concealed among the 
 rocks, and as they ran to seize their arms, ordered his men to fire upon them, at 
 the same time, with his own musket, setting the example. An action lasting 
 about a quarter of an hour ensued; ten of the Frenchmen were killed, among 
 them Jumonville, the commander of the party, and twenty-one were made pris- 
 oners. The dead were scalped by the Indians, and the chief, bearing a toma- 
 hawk and a scalp, visited all the tribes of the Miamis, urging them to join the 
 Six Nations and the English against the French. The French, however, were 
 soon re-enforced, and Col. Washington was compelled to return to Fort 
 Necessity. Here, on the 3d day of July, De Villiers invested the fort with 
 600 French troops and 100 Indians. On the 4tli, Washington accepted 
 terms of capitulation, and the English garrison withdrew from the valley of 
 the Ohio. 
 
 This attack of Washington upon Jumonville aroused the indignation of 
 France, and war was formally declared in May, 1756, and the " French and 
 Indian War" devastated the colonies for several years. Montreal, Detroit 
 and all Canada were surrendered to the English, and on the 10th of February, 
 1763, by the treaty of Paris — which had been signed, though not formally ratified 
 by the respective governments, on the 3dof November, 1762 — France relinquished 
 to Great Britian all that portion of the province of Louisiana lying on the east 
 side of the Mississippi, except the island and town of New Orleans. On the 
 same day that the treaty of Paris was signed, France, by a secret treaty, ceded 
 to Spain all her possessions on the west side of the Mississippi, including the 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 145 
 
 whole country to the head waters of the Great River, and west to the Rocky 
 Mountains, and tlie jurisdiction of France in America, which had lasted nearly 
 a century, Avas ended. 
 
 At the close of the Revolutionary war, by the treaty of peace between Great 
 Britain and the United States, the English Government ceded to the latter 
 all the teri'itory on the east side of the Mississippi River and north of the thirty- 
 first parallel of north latitude. At the same time, Great Britain ceded to 
 Spain all the Floridas, comprising all the tei'ritory east of the Mississippi and 
 south of the southern limits of the United States. 
 
 At this time, therefore, the present State of Iowa was a part of the Spanish 
 possessions in North America, as all the territory west of the Mississippi River 
 was under the dominion of Spain. That government also possessed all the 
 territory of the Floridas east of the great river and south of the thirty-first 
 parallel of north latitude. The Mississippi, therefore, so essential to the pros- 
 perity of the western portion of the United States, for the last three hundred 
 miles of its course flowed wholly within the Spanish dominions, and that govern- 
 ment claimed the exclusive right to use and control it below the southern boun- 
 dary of the United States. 
 
 The free navigation of the Mississippi was a very important question during 
 all the time that Louisiana remained a dependency of the Spanish Crown, and 
 as the final settlement intimately affected the status of the then future State 
 of Iowa, it will be interesting to trace its progress. 
 
 The people of the United States occupied and exercised jurisdiction over 
 the entire eastern valley of the Mississippi, embracing all the country drained 
 by its eastern tributaries ; they had a natural right, according to the accepted in- 
 ternational law, to follow these rivers to the sea, and to the use of the Missis- 
 sippi River accordingly, as the great natural channel of commerce. The river 
 was not only necessary but absolutely indispensable to the prosperity and growth 
 of the western settlements then rapidly rising into commercial and political 
 importance. They were situated in the heart of the great valley, and with 
 wonderfully expansive energies and accumulating resources, it was very evident 
 that no power on earth could deprive them of the free use of the river below 
 them, only while their numbers Avere insufficient to enable them to maintain 
 their right by force. Inevitably, therefore, immediately after the ratification of 
 the treaty of 1783, the Western people began to demand the free navigation 
 of the Mississippi — not as a favor, but as a right. In 1786, both banks of 
 the river, belo.w the mouth of the Ohio, were occupied by Spain, and military 
 posts on the east bank enforced her power to exact heavy duties on all im- 
 ports by way of the river for the Ohio region. Every boat descending the 
 river was forced to land and submit to the arbitrary revenue exactions of the 
 Spanish authorities. Under the administration of Governor Miro, these rigor- 
 ous exactions were somewhat relaxed from 1787 to 1790 ; but Spain held it as 
 her right to make them. Taking advantage of the claim of the American people, 
 that the Mississippi should be opened to them, in 1791, the Spanish Govern- 
 ment concocted a scheme for the dismembership of the Union. The plan Avas 
 to induce the Weste-rn people to separate from the Eastern States by liberal land 
 grants and extraordinary commercial privileges. 
 
 Spanish emissaries, among the people of Ohio and Kentucky, informed them 
 that the Spanish Government would grant them favorable commercial privileges, 
 provided they would secede from the Federal Government east of the mountains. 
 The Spanish Minister to the United States plainly declared to his confidential 
 correspondent that, unless the Western people would declare their independence 
 
14(> HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 and refuse to remain in the Union, Spain Avas determined never to grant the 
 free navigation of the Mississippi. 
 
 By the treaty of Madrid, October 20, 1795, however, Spain formally stip- 
 ulated that the Mississippi River, from its source to the Gulf, for its entire width, 
 should be free to American trade and commerce, and that the people of the 
 United States should be permitted, for three years, to use the port of New 
 Orleans as a port of deposit for their merchandise and produce, duty free. 
 
 In November, 1801, the United States Government received, through Rufus 
 King, its Minister at the Court of St. James, a copy of the treaty between Spain 
 an'l France, signed at Madrid March 21, 1801, by which the cession of Loui- 
 siana to France, made the previous Autumn, was confirmed. 
 
 The change offered a flivorable opportunity to secure the just rights of the 
 United States, in relation to the free navigation of the Mississippi, and ended 
 the attempt to dismember the Union by an effort to secure an independent 
 government west of the Alleghany Mountains. On the 7th of January, 1803, 
 the American House of Representatives adopted a resolution declaring their 
 '' unalterable determination to maintain the boundaries and the rights of navi- 
 gation and commerce through the River ^Mississippi, as established by existing 
 treaties." 
 
 In the same month. President Jefferson nominated and the Senate confirmed 
 Robert R. Livingston and James Monroe as Envoys Plenipotentiary to the 
 Court of France, and Charles Pinckney and James Monroe to the Court of 
 Spain, with plenary powers to negotiate treaties to effect the object enunciated 
 by the popular branch of the National Legislature. These envoys were in- 
 structed to secure, if possible, the cession of Florida and New Orleans, but it 
 does not appear that Mr. Jefferson and his Cabinet had any idea of purchasing 
 that part of Louisiana lying on the ivest side of the Mississippi. In fact, on 
 the 2d of March following, the instructions were sent to our Ministers, contain- 
 ing a plan which expressly left to France "all her territory on the west side of 
 -the Mississippi." Had these instructions been followed, it might have been that 
 there would not have been any State of Iowa or any other member of the glori- 
 ous Union of States west of the "Father of Waters." 
 
 In obedience to his instructions, however, Mr. Livingston broached this 
 plan to M. Talleyrand, Napoleon's Prime Minister, Avhen that courtly diplo- 
 matist quietly suggested to the American Minister that France might be willing 
 to cede the whole Frey^ch domain in North America to the United States, and 
 asked how much the Federal Government Avould be willing to give for it. Liv- 
 ingston intimated that twenty millions of francs might be a fair price. Talley- 
 rand thought that not enough, but asked the Americans to "think of it." A 
 few days later, Napoleon, in an interview with Mr. Livingston, in effect informed 
 the American Envoy that he had secured Louisiana in a contract with Spain 
 for the purpose of turning it over to the United States for a mere nominal sum. 
 lie had been compelled to provide for the safety of that province by the treaty, 
 and he was "anxious to give the United States a magnificent bargain for a 
 mere trifle." The price proposed was one hundred and twenty-five million 
 francs. This was subsequently modified to fifteen million dollars, and on this 
 basis a treaty was negotiated, and was signed on the 30th day of April, 1803. 
 
 This treaty was ratified by the Federal Government, and by act of Congress, 
 approved October 31, 1803, the President of the United States was authorized 
 to take possession of the territory and provide for it a temporary government. 
 Accordingly, on the 20tli day of December foil .wing, on behalf of tlie Presi- 
 dent^ Gov. Clairborne and Gen. "Wilkinson took possession of the Louisiana 
 
 il 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 147 
 
 purchase, and raised tlic American flag over the newly acquired domain, at New 
 Orleans. Spain, although it had by treaty ceded the province to Franco in 
 1801, still held quasi possession, and at first objected to the transfer, but with- 
 drew her opposition early in 1804, 
 
 By this treaty, thus successfully consummated, and the peaceable withdrawal 
 of Spain, the then infant nation of the New World extended its dominion west 
 of the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean, and north from the Gulf of Mexico to 
 British America. 
 
 If the original design of Jefferson's administration had been accomplished, 
 the United States would have acquired only that portion of the French territory 
 lying east of the Mississippi lliver, and while the American people would thus 
 have acquired the free navigation of that great river, all of the vast ami fertile 
 empii'e on the west, so rich in its agricultural and inexhaustible mineral 
 resources, would have remained under tlie dominion of a foreign power. To 
 Napoleon's desire to sell the whole of his North American possessions, and Liv- 
 ingston's act transcending his instructions, which was acquiesced in after it was 
 done, does Iowa owe her position as a part of the United States by the 
 Louisiana purchase. 
 
 By authority of an act of Congress, approved March 26, 1804, the newly 
 acquired territory was, on the 1st day of October following, divided : that part 
 lying south of the 33d parallel of north latitude was called the Territory of 
 Orleans, and all north of that parallel the District of Louisiana, which was placed 
 under the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory, until July 4, 1805, when 
 it was organized, with territorial government of its own, and so remained until 
 1812, Avhen the Territory of Orleans became the State of Louisiana, and the 
 name of the Territory of Louisiana was changed to Missouri, On the 4th of 
 July, 1814, that part of Missouri Territory comprising the present State of 
 Arkansas, and the country to the westward, was organized into the Arkansas 
 Territory. 
 
 On the 2d of March, 1821, the State of Missouri, being a part of the Terri- 
 tory of that name, was admitted to the Union. June 28, 1834, the territory 
 west of the Mississippi lliver and north of Missouri was made a part of the 
 Territory of Michigan ; but two years later, on the 4th of July, 183G, Wiscon- 
 sin Territory was erected, embracing within its limits the present States of 
 Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota. 
 
 By act of Congress, approved June 12, 1838, the 
 
 TERRITORY OF IOWA 
 
 was erected, comprising, in addition to the present State, much the larger part 
 of Minnesota, and extending north to the boundary of the British Possessions. 
 
 THE ORIGINAL OAVNERS, 
 
 Having traced the early history of the great empire lying west of the Mis- 
 sissippi, of which the State of Iowa constitutes a part, from the earliest dis- 
 covery to the organization of the Territory of Iowa, it becomes necessary to 
 give some history of 
 
 THE INDIANS OF IOWA, 
 
 According to the policy of the European nations, possession perfected title 
 to any territory. We have seen that the country west of the Mississippi was first 
 discovered by the Spaniards, but afterward, was visited and occupied by the 
 French. It was ceded by France to Spain, and by Spain back to France again, 
 
148 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 and then was purchased and occupied by the United States. During all that 
 time, it does not appear to have entered into the heads or hearts of the high 
 contracting parties that the country they bought, sold and gave away was in 
 the possession of a race of men who, although savage, owned the vast domain 
 before Columbus first crossed the Atlantic. Having purchased the territory, 
 the United States found it still in the possession of its original owners, who had 
 never been dispossessed ; and it became necessary to purchase .again Avhat had 
 already been bought before, or forcibly eject the occupants; therefore, the his- 
 tory of the Indian nations who occupied Iowa prior to and during its early set- 
 tlement by the whites, becomes an important chapter in the history of the State, 
 that cannot be omitted. 
 
 For more than one hundred years after Marquette and Jolict trod the virgin 
 soil of Iowa, not a single settlement had been made or attempted ; not even a 
 trading post had been established. The whole country remained in the undis- 
 puted possession of the native tribes, who roamed at will over her beautiful and 
 fertile prairies, hunted in her Avoods, fislied in her streams, and often poured out 
 their life-blood in obstinately contested contests for supremacy. That this State 
 so aptly styled "The Beautiful Land," had been the theater of numerous, 
 fierce and bloody struggles between rival nations, for possession of the favored 
 region, long before its settlement by civilized man, there is no room for doubt. 
 In these savage wars, the Aveaker party, whether aggressive or defensive, was 
 either exterminated or driven from tlieir ancient hunting grounds. 
 
 In 1(373, when Mar<[uette discovered Iowa, the Illini were a very powerful 
 people, occupying a large portion of the State ; but when the country was again 
 visited by the whites, not a remnant of that once powerful tribe remained on 
 the west side of the Mississippi, and Iowa was principally in the possession of 
 the Sacs and Foxes, a warlike tribe which, originally two distinct nations, 
 residing in New York and on the waters of the St. Lawrence, had gradually 
 fought their way westward, and united, probably, after the Foxes had been driven 
 out of the Fox River country, in 1846, and crossed the Mississippi. The death 
 of Pontiac, a famous Sac chieftain, was made the pretext for war against the 
 Illini, and a fierce and bloody struggle ensued, which continued until the Illinois 
 were nearly destroyed and their hunting grounds possessed by their victorious 
 foes. The lowas also occupied a portion of tlie State for a time, in common 
 with the Si'C^, but they, too, Avere nearly destroyed by the Sacs and Foxes, and, 
 in "The Beautiful Land," these natives met their equally warlike foes, the 
 Northern Sioux, with whom they maintained a constant Avarfare for the posses- 
 sion of the country for many years. 
 
 When the LTnited States came in possession of the great valley of the Mis- 
 sissippi, 1)y tlie Louisiana purchase, the Sacs and Foxes and lowas possessed 
 the entire territory now comprising the State of Iowa. The Sacs and Foxes, 
 also, occupied tlie most of the State of Illinois. 
 
 The Sacs had four principal villages, where most of them resided, viz. : 
 Their largest and most important town — if an Indian village may be called 
 such — and from wliich emanated most of the obstacles and difficulties cncoim- 
 tered by the Government in tlie extinguishment of Indian titles to land in this 
 region, was on Rock River, near Rock Island ; another was on tlie cast bank of 
 the Mississippi, near the mouth of Henderson River ; the third Avas at the 
 head of tlie Des Moines Rapids, near the present site of Montrose, and the fourth 
 Avas near the mouth of the Upper loAva. 
 
 The Foxes had three principal villages, viz. : One on the west side of the 
 Mississippi, six miles above the rapids of Rock River ; another about twelve 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 149' 
 
 miles from the river, in the rear of the Dubuque lead mines, and the third on 
 Turkey River. 
 
 The lowas, at one time identified with the Sacs, of Rock River, had with- 
 drawn from them and become a separate tribe. Their principal village was on 
 the Des Moines River, in Van Buren County, on ilie site where lowaville now 
 stands. Here the last great battle between the Sacs and Foxes and the lowas 
 was fought, in which Black Hawk, then a young man, commanded one division 
 of the attacking forces. The following account of the battle has been given : 
 
 '■ Contrary to long established custom of Indian attack, this battle was commenced in the day 
 time, the attending circumstances justifying this departure from the well settled usages of Indian 
 warfare. Tiie battle field was a level river bottom, about fuur miles in length, and two miles 
 wide near the middle, narrowing to a point at eitlier end. The main area of this bottom rises 
 perhaps twenty feet above the river, leaving a narrow strip of low bottom along the shore, covered 
 wiih trees that belted the prairie on the river side with a thick forest, and the immediate bank of 
 the river was fringed with a dense growth of willows. Near the lower end of this prairie, near 
 the river bank, was situated the Iowa village. About two miles above it and near the middle of 
 the prairie is a mound, covered at the time with a tuft of small trees and underbrush growing on 
 its summit. In the rear of this little elevation or mound lay a belt of wet prairie, covered, at that 
 lime, with a dense growth of rank, coarse grass. Bordering this wet prairie on the north, the 
 country rises abruptly into elevated broken river bluffs, covered with a heavy forest for many 
 miles in extent, and in places thickly clustered with undergrowth, affording a convenient shelter 
 for the stealihy approach of the foe. 
 
 " Through this forest tlie Sac and Fox war party made their way in the night and secreted 
 themselves in the tall grass spoken of above, intending to remain in ambush during the day and 
 make such observations as this near proximity to their intended victim might afford, to aid them 
 in their contemplated attack on the town during the following night. From this situation their 
 spies could take a full survey of the village, and watch every movement of the inhabitants, by 
 which means they were soon convinced that the lowas had no suspicion of their presence. 
 
 " At the foot of themoundabovementioned, the lowas had their r.ice course, where they diverted 
 themselves with the excitement of horse racing, and schooled their young warriors in cavalry 
 evolutions. In these exercises mock battles were fought, and the Indian tactics of attack and 
 defense carefully inculcated, by which meansaskill in horsemanship was acquired rarely excelled. 
 Unfortunately for them this day was selected for their equestrian sports, and wholly uncon- 
 scious of the proximity of their foes, the warriors repaired to the race ground, leaving most of 
 their arms in the village and their old men and women and children unprotected. 
 
 " Pash-a-po-po, who was chief in command of the Sacs and Foxes, perceived at once the- 
 advantage this state of things afforded for a complete surprise of his now doomed victims, and 
 ordered Black Hawk to file off with his young warriors through the tall grass and gain the cover 
 of the timber along the river bank, and with the utmost speed reach the village and commence 
 the battle, while he remained with his division in the ambush to make a simultaneous as-ault on 
 the unarmed men whose attention was engrossed with the excitement of the races. The plan 
 was skillfully laid and most dexterously executed. Black Hawk with his forces reached the 
 village undiscovered, and made a furious onslaught upon the defenseless inhabi ants, by firing- 
 one general volley into their midst, and completing the slaughter with the tomahawk and scalp- 
 ing knife, aided by the devouring flames with which they enveloped the village as sooa as the 
 fire brand could be spread from lodge to lodge. 
 
 " On the instant ot the report of fire arms at the village, the forces under Pash-a-po-po 
 leaped from their couihant position iu the grass and sprang tiger-like upon the astonished aud. 
 unarmed lowas in the midst of their r.icing sports. The fir.^t impulse of the latter naturally led 
 them to make the utmost speed toward their arms in the village, and protect if possible their 
 wives and chil Iren from the attack of their merciless assailants. The distance from the plac3 of 
 attack on the prairie was two miles, and a great number fell in their flight by the bullets and 
 tomahawks of their enemies, who pressed them closely with a running fire the whole way, and 
 the survivors only reached their town in time to witness the horrors of its destruction. Their 
 whole village was in flames, and the dearest objects of their lives lay in slaughtered heap* 
 amidst the devouring elemmf, an I the agonizing groans of tiie dying, mingled with th) exulting; 
 shouts of the victorious foe, fille 1 their he iits with maddening despair. Their wives anlchildrciL 
 who had been spared the general massacre were prisoners, and together with their arms were irt 
 the hands of the victors ; and all that could now be done was to draw off their shattered and 
 defenseless forces, and save as many lives as possible by a relreit across the Des Moine? River,, 
 which tliey effected in the best possible manner, and took a position among the Soap Creek 
 Hills." 
 
 The Sacs and Foxes, prior to the settlement of their village on Rock River, 
 hod a fierce conflict with the Winnebagoes, subdued them and took nossessioa 
 
150 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 of their lands. Their village on Rock River, at one time, contained upward of 
 sixty lodges, and was among the largest Indian villages on the continent. In 
 1825, the Secretary of War estimated the entire number of the Sacs and Foxes 
 at 4,600 souls. Their village was situated in the immediate vicinity of the 
 upper rapids of the Mississippi, Avhere the beautiful and flourishing toAvns of 
 Rock Island and Davenport are now situated. The beautiful scenery of the 
 island, the extensive prairies, dotted over with groves ; the picturesque bluffs 
 along the river banks, the rich and fertile soil, producing large crops of corn, 
 squash and other vegetables, with little labor ; the abundance of wild fruit, 
 game, fish, and almost everything calculated to make it a delightful spot for an 
 Indian village, Avhich was found there, had made this place a favorite home of 
 the Sacs, and secured for it the strong attachment and veneration of the whole 
 nation. 
 
 North of the hunting grounds of the Sacs and Foxes, were those of the 
 Sioux, a fierce and warlike nation, Avho often disputed possession with tlieir 
 rivals in savage and bloody Avarfare. The possessions of these tribes were 
 mostly located in Minnesota, but extended over a portion of Northern and 
 Western loAva to the Missouri River. Their descent from the north upon the 
 hunting grounds of Iowa frequently brought them into collision with the Sacs 
 and Foxes ; and after many a conflict and bloody struggle, n, boundary line Avas 
 established between them by the Government of the United States, in a treaty 
 held at Prairie du Chien, in 1825. But this, instead of settling the difficulties, 
 caused them to (quarrel all the more, in consequence of alleged trespasses ujjon 
 each other's side of the line. These contests w^ere kept up and became so unre- 
 lenting that, in 1830, Government bought of the respective tribes of the Sacs 
 and Foxes, and the Sioux, a strip of land twenty miles in width, on both sides 
 of the line, and ihus throwing them forty miles apart by creating between them 
 a "neutral ground," commanded them to cease their hostilities. Both the 
 Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux, however, were allowed to fish and hunt on this 
 ground unmolested, provided they did not interfere with each other on United 
 States territory. The Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux were deadly enemies, and 
 neither lot an opportunity to punish the other pass unimproved. 
 
 In April, 1852, a fight occurred between the INIusquaka band of Sacs and 
 Foxes and a band of Sioux, about six miles above Algona, in Kossuth County, 
 on the west side of the Des Moines River. The Sacs and Foxes were under 
 the leadership of Ko-ko-wah, a subordinate chief, and had gone up from their 
 home in Tama County, by way of Clear Lake, to what Avas then the "neutral 
 ground." At Clear Lake, Ko-ko-wah Avas informed that a party of Sioux were 
 encamped on the Avest side of the East Fork of the Des jNIoincs, and he deter- 
 mined to attack them. AYith sixty of his Avarriors, he started and arrived at a 
 point on the east side of the river, about a mile above the Sioux encampment, 
 in the night, and concealed themselves in a grove, Avhere they Avere able to dis- 
 cover the position and strength of their hereditary foes. The next morning, 
 after many of the Sioux braves had left their camp on hunting tours, the vin- 
 dictive Sacs and Foxes crossed the river and suddenly attacked the camp. The 
 conflict was desperate for a short time, but the advantage Avas Avith the assail- 
 ants, and the Sioux were routed. Sixteen of them, including some of their 
 women and children, Avere killed, and a boy 14 years old Avas captured. One 
 of the Musquakas Avas shot in the breast by a squaAV as they were rushing into 
 the Sioux's camp. He started to run away, when the same brave squaAV shot 
 him through the bod}^ at a distance of tAventy rods, and he fell dead. Three 
 other Sac braves Avere killed. But fcAv of the Sioux escaped. The victorious 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 151 
 
 party hurriedly buried their own dead, leaving the dead Sioux above ground, 
 and made their Avay home, wiih their captive, with all possible expedition. 
 
 pike's EXPEDITION. 
 
 Very soon after the acquisition of Louisiana, the United States Government 
 adopted measures for the exploration of the new territory, having in view the 
 conciliation of the numerous tribes of Indians by whom it was possessed, and, 
 also, the selection of proper sites for the establishment of military posts and 
 trading stations. The Army of the West, Gen. James Wilkinson commanding, 
 had its headquarters at St, Louis. From this post, Captains Lewis and Clark, 
 with a sufficient force, were detailed to explore the unknown sources of the 
 Missouri, and Lieut. Zebulon M. Pike to ascend to the head waters of the Mis- 
 sissippi. Lieut. Pike, with one Sergeant, two Corporals and seventeen privates, 
 left the military camp, near St. Louis, in a keel-boat, with four months' rations, 
 on the 9th day of August, 1805. On the 20th of the same month, the expe- 
 dition arrived within the present limits of Iowa, at the foot of the Des Moines 
 Rapids, Avhere Pike met William Ewing, who had just been appointed Indian 
 Agent at this point, a French interpreter and four chiefs and fifteen Sac and 
 Fox warriors. 
 
 At the head of the Rapids, where Montrose is noAV situated. Pike held a 
 council with the Indians, in which he addressed them substantially as follows : 
 " Your great Father, the President of the United States, wished to be more 
 intimately acquainted with the situation and wants of the different nations of 
 red people in our newly acquired territory of Louisiana, and has ordered the 
 General to send a number of his warriors in different directions to take them by 
 the hand and make such inquiries as might afford the satisfaction required." 
 At the close of the council he presented the red men with some knives, whisky 
 and tobacco. 
 
 Pursuing his way up the river, he arrived, on the 28d of August, at what is 
 supposed, from his description, to be the site of the present city of Burlington, 
 which he selected as the location of a militaiy post. He describes the place as 
 being " on a hill, about forty miles above the River de Moyne Rapids, on the 
 west side of the river, in latitude about 41° 21' north. The channel of the 
 river runs on that shore ; the hill in front is about sixty feet perpendicular ; 
 nearly level on top ; four hundred yards in the rear is a small prairie fit for 
 gardening, and immediately under the hill is a limestone spring, sufficient for 
 the consumption of a whole regiment." In addition to this description, which 
 corresponds to Burlington, the spot is laid down on his map at a bend in the 
 river, a short distance below the mouth of the Henderson, which pours its waters 
 into the Mississippi from Illinois. The fort was built at Fort Madison, but from 
 the distance, latitude, description and map furnished by Pike, it could not have 
 been the place selected by him, while all the circumstances corroborate the 
 opinion that the place he selected was the spot where Burlnigton is now located, 
 called by the early voyagers on the Mississippi, "Flint Hills." 
 
 On the 24th, with one of his men, he went on shore on a hunting expedition, 
 and following a stream which they supposed to be a part of the Mississippi, they 
 were led away from their course. Owing to the intense heat and tall grass, his 
 two favorite dogs, which he had taken with him, became exhausted and he left 
 them on the prairie, supposing that they would follow him as soon as they 
 should get rested, and went on to overtake his boat. Reaching the river, he 
 waited sometime for his canine friends, but they did not come, and as he deemed 
 it inexpedient to detam the boat longer, two of his men volunteered to go in pur- 
 
152 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 suit of them, and he continued on liis way up the river, expecting that the two 
 men would soon overtake him. They lost their way, however, and for six days 
 were without food, except a few morsels gathered from the stream, and might 
 have perished, had they not accidentally met a trader from St. Louis, who in- 
 duced two Indians to take them up the river, and they overtook the boat at 
 Dubuque. 
 
 At Dubuque, Pike was cordially received by Julien Dubuque, a Frenchman, 
 ■vvho held a mining claim under a grant from Spain. Dubuque had an old field 
 piece and fired a salute in honor of the advent of the first Americans who had 
 visited that })art of the Territory. Dubuque, however, was not disposed to pub- 
 lish the wealth of his mines, and the young and evidently in(|uisitive officer 
 obtained but little information from him. 
 
 After leaving this place. Pike pursued his way up the river, but as he passed 
 beyond the limits of the present State of Iowa, a detailed history of his explo- 
 rations on the upper waters of the Mississippi more properly belongs to the his- 
 tory of another State. 
 
 It is sufficient to say that on the site of Fort Snelling, Minnesota, at the 
 mouth of the Minnesota River, Pike held a council with the Sioux, September 
 2S, and obtained from them a grant of one hundred thousand acres of land. 
 On the 8th of January, 1806, Pike arrived at a trading post belonging to the 
 JS^orthwest Company, on Lake De Sable, in latitude 47°. At this time the 
 then powerful Northwest Company carried on their immense operations from 
 Hudson's Bay to the St. Lawrence; up that river on both sides, along the great 
 lakes to the head of Lake Superior, thence to the sources of the Red River of 
 the north and west, to the Rocky Mountains, embracing within the scope of 
 their operations the entire Territory of Iowa. After successfully accomplishing 
 his mission, and performing a valuable service to Iowa and the whole Northwest, 
 Pike returned to St. Louis, arriving there on the 30th of April, 1806. 
 
 INDIAN WARS. 
 
 The Territory of Iowa, although it had been purchased by the L^nited States, 
 and was ostensibly in the possession of the Government, was still occupied by 
 the Indians, who claimed title to the soil by right of ownership and possession. 
 Before it could be open to settlement by the whites, it was indispensable that 
 the Indian title should be extinguished and the original OAvners removed. The 
 accomplishment of this purpose required the expenditure of large sums of 
 money and blood, and for a long series of years the frontier was disturbed by 
 Indian wars, terminated repeatedly by treaty, only to be renewed by some act 
 of oppression on the part of the whites or some violation of treaty stipulation. 
 
 As previously shown, at the time when the United States assumed the con- 
 trol of the country by virtue of the Louisiana purchase, nearly the whole State 
 was in possession of the Sacs and Foxes, a powerful and warlike nation, who 
 were not disposed to submit without a struggle to what they considered the 
 .encroachments of the pale faces. 
 
 Among the most noted chiefs, and one whose restlessness and hatred of the 
 Americans occasioned more trouble to the Government than any other of his 
 tribe, was Black Hawk, who was born at the Sac village, on Rock River, in 
 1767. He was sim})ly the chief of his own band of Sac Avarriors, but by his 
 <^nergy and ambition he became the leading spirit of the united nation of Sacs 
 iind Foxes, and one of the prominent figures in the history of the country from 
 1804 until his death. In early manhood he attained some distinction as a 
 lighting chief, having led campaigns against the Osages, and other neighboring 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 153 
 
 tribes. About the beginning of the present century he began to appear prom- 
 inent in affairs on the Mississippi. Some historians have added to the statement 
 that " it does not appear tliat he was ever a great general, or possessed any of 
 the qualifications of a successful leader." If tliis was so, his life was a marvel. 
 How any man who had none of the qualifications of a leader became so prom- 
 inent as such, as he did, indicates either that he had some ability, or that his 
 cotemporaries, both Indian and Anglo-Saxon, had less than he. He is said 
 to have been the "victim of a narrow prejudice and bitter ill-will against the 
 Americans," but the impartial historian must admit that if he was the enemy 
 of theAmericans, it was certainly not without some reason. 
 
 It will be remembered that Spain did not give up possession of the country 
 to France on its cession to the latter power, in 1801, but retained possession of 
 it, and, by the authority of France, transferred it to the United States, in 1804. 
 Black Hawk and his band were in St. Louis at the time, and were invited to be 
 present and witness the ceremonies of the transfer, but he refused the invitation, 
 and it is but just to say that this refusal was caused probably more from 
 regret that the Indians were to be transferred from the jurisdiction of the 
 Spanish authorities than from any special hatred toward the Americans. In 
 his life he says : " I found many sad and gloomy faces because the United 
 States were about to take possession of the town and country. Soon after the 
 Americans came, I took my band and went to take leave of our Spanish father. 
 The Americans came to see him also. Seeing them approach, Ave passed out 
 of one door as they entered another, and immediately started in our canoes for 
 our village, on Rock River, not liking the change any more than our friends 
 appeared to at St. Louis. On arriving at our village, we gave the news that 
 strange people had arrived at St. Louis, and that we should never see our 
 Spanish father again. The information made all our people sorry." 
 
 On the 3d day of November, 1804, a treaty Avas concluded between William 
 Henry Harrison, then Governor of Indiana Territory, on behalf of the United 
 States, and five chiefs of the Sac and Fox nation, by which the latter, in con- 
 sideration of two thousand two hundred and thirty-four dollars' Avorth of goods 
 then delivered, and a yearly annuity of one thousand dollars to be paid in 
 goods at just cost, ceded to the L^nited States all that land on the east side of 
 the Mississppi, extending from a point opposite the Jefferson, in Missouri, to 
 the Wisconsin River, embracing an area of over fifty-one millions of acres. 
 
 To this treaty Black HaAvk always objected and ahvays refused to consider 
 it binding upon his people. He asserted that the chiefs or braves who made it 
 had no authority to relinquish the title of the nation to any of the lands they 
 held or occupied ; and, moreover, that they had been sent to St. Louis on quite 
 a different errand, namely, to get one of their people released, who had been 
 imprisoned at St. Louis for killing a Avhite man. 
 
 The year folloAving this treaty (1805), Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike came up 
 the river for the purpose of holding friendly councils Avith the Indians and select- 
 ing sites for forts Avithin the territory recently acquired from France by the 
 United States. Lieutenant Pike seems to have been the first American Avhom 
 Black HaAvk CA^er met or had a personal intervicAv Avith ; and he Avas very much 
 prepossessed in Pike's fixA^or. He gives the folloAving account of his visit to 
 Rock Island : 
 
 " A boat came up the river with a young American chief and a small party 
 of soldiers. We heard of them soon after they passed Salt River. Some of our 
 young braves Avatched them every day, to see Avhat sort of people he had on 
 board. The boat at length arrived at Rock River, and the young chief came on 
 
154 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 shore ■with his interpreter, and made a speech and gave us some presents. We 
 in turn presented them Avith meat and such other provisions as we had to spare. 
 We Avere ■well pleased Avith the young chief. He gave us good advice, and said 
 our American father would treat us well." 
 
 The events which soon followed Pike's expedition Avere the erection of Fort 
 Edwards, at what is now Warsaw, Illinois, and Fort Madison, on the site of the 
 present town of that name, the latter being the first fort erected in Iowa. These 
 movements occasioned great uneasiness among the Indians. When Avork Avas 
 commenced on Fort Edwards, a delegation from their nation, headeil by some of 
 their chiefs, Avent down to see Avhat the Americans Avere doing, and had an in- 
 terview Avith the commander; after Avhich they returned home apparently satis- 
 fied. In like manner, Avhen Fort Madison Avas being erected, they sent down 
 another delegation from a council of the nation held at Rock River. Accord- 
 mg to Black Hawk's account, the American chief told them that he Avas build- 
 ing a house for a trader Avho Avas coming to sell them goods cheap, and that the 
 soldiers Avere coming to keep him company — a statement Avhich Black Hawk 
 says they distrusted at the time, believing that the fort Avas an encroachment 
 upon their rights, and designed to aid in getting their lands away from them. 
 
 It has been held by good American authorities, that the erection of Fort 
 Madison at the point Avhere it was located was a violation of the treaty of 1804. 
 By the eleventh article of that treaty, the United States had a right to build a 
 fort near the mouth of the Wisconsin River ; by article six they had bound 
 themselves " that if any citizen of the United States or any other Avhite persons 
 should form a settlement upon their lands, such intruders should forthAvith be 
 removed." Probably the authorities of the United States did not reg-ard the 
 establishment of military posts as coming properly within the meaning of the 
 terra ''settlement," as used in the treaty. At all events, they ei'ected Fort 
 Madison Avithin the territory reserved to the Indians, who became very indig- 
 nant. Not long after the fort Avas built, a party led by Black HaAvk attempted 
 iis destruction. They sent spies to Avatch the movements of the garrison, Avho 
 ascertained that the soldiers Avere in the habit of marching out of the fort every 
 morning and evening for ])arade, and the plan of the party Avas to conceal them- 
 selves near the fort, and attack and surprise them Avhcn they Avere outside. On 
 tiie morning of the proposed day of attack, five soldiers came out and Avere fired 
 upon by the Indians, two of them being killed. The Indians Avere too hasty in 
 tlieir movement, for the regular drill had not yet commenced. However, they 
 kept up the attack for several days, attempting the old Fox strategy of setting 
 fire to the fort Avith blazing arroAvs ; but finding their efforts unavailing, ihey 
 soon gave up and returned to Rock River. 
 
 When Avar Avas declared between the United States and Great Britain, in 
 1812, Black HaAvk and his band allied themselves Avitli the British, partly 
 because he Avas dazzled by their specious promises, and more probably because 
 they had been deceived by the Americans. Black HaAvk himself declared that 
 they Avere '"forced into the Avar by being deceived.' He narrates the circum- 
 stances as folloAvs : " Several of the chiefs and head men of the Sacs and 
 Foxes were called upon to go to Washington to see their Crreat Father. On 
 their return, they related Avhat had been said and done. They said the Great 
 Father Avished them, in the event of a Avar taking place with England, not to 
 interfere on either side, but to remain neutral. He did not Avant oiir help, but 
 wished us to hunt and support our families, and live in peace. He said that 
 British traders Avould not be permitted to come on the Mississippi to furnish us 
 with goods, but that we should be supplied with an American trader. Our 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 155 
 
 chiefs then told him that the British traders always gave them credit in the 
 Fall for guns, powder and goods, to enable us to hunt and clothe our families. 
 He repeated that the traders at Fort Madison would have plenty of goods ; 
 that we should go there in the Fall and he would supply us on credit, as the 
 British traders had done." 
 
 Black Hawk seems to have accepted of this proposition, and he and his 
 people were very much pleased. Acting in good faith, they fitted out for their 
 Winter's hunt, and went to Fort Madison in high spirits to receive from the 
 trader their outfit of supplies. But, after waiting some time, they were told by 
 the trader that he would not trust them. It was in vain that they pleaded the 
 promise of their great father at Washington. The trader was inexorable ; and, 
 disappointed and crestfallen, they turned sadly toward their own village. ''Few 
 of us," says Black Hawk, " slept that night ; all was gloom and discontent. In 
 the morning, a canoe was seen ascending the river ; it soon arrived, bearing an 
 express, who brought intelligence that a British trader had landed at Rock 
 Island with two boats loaded with goods, and requested us to come up imme- 
 diately, because he had good news for us, and a variety of presents. The 
 express presented us with tobacco, pipes and wampum. The news ran through 
 our camp like fire on a prairie. Our lodges were soon taken down, and aK 
 started for Rock Island. Here ended all hopes of our remaining at peace, 
 having been forced into the war by being deceived." 
 
 He joined the British, who flattered him, styled him " Gen. Black Hawk," 
 decked him with medals, excited his jealousies against the Americans, and 
 armed his band ; but he met with defeat and disappointment, and sjon aban- 
 doned the service and came home. 
 
 With all his skill and courage, Black Hawk was unable to lead all the Sacs 
 and Foxes into hostilities to the United States. A portion of them, at the head 
 of whom was Keokuk ("the Watchful Fox"), were disposed to abide by the 
 treaty of 1804, and to cultivate friendly relations with the American people. 
 Therefore, when Black Hawk and his band joined the fortunes of Great 
 Britain, the rest of the nation remained neutral, and, for protection, organized, 
 with Keokuk for their chief. This divided the nation into the " War and the 
 Peace party." 
 
 Black Hawk says he was informed, after he had gone to the war, that the 
 nation, which had been reduced to so small a body of fighting men, were unable 
 to defend themselves in case the Americans should attack them, and havnig all 
 the old men and women and children belonging to the warriors who had joined 
 the British on their hands to provide for, a council was held, and it was agreed 
 that Quash-qua-me (the Lance) and other chiefs, together with the old men, 
 women and children, and such others as chose to accompany them, should go to 
 St. Louis and place themselves under the American chief stationed there. 
 They accordingly went down, and were received as the "friendly band" of the 
 Sacs and Foxes, and were provided for and sent up the Missouri River. On 
 Black Hawk's return from the British army, he says Keokuk was introduced 
 to him as the Avar chief of the braves then in the village. He inquii'ed how he 
 had become chief, and was informed that their spies had seen a large armed 
 force going toward Peoria, and fears were entertained of an attack upon the 
 ¥>illage ; whereupon a council was held, which concluded to leave the village 
 and cross over to the west side of the Mississippi. " Keokuk had been standing 
 at the door of the lodge where the council was held, not being allowed to enter 
 on account of never having killed an enemy, where he remained until Wa-co-me 
 came out. Keokuk asked permission to speak in the council, which Wa-co-rae 
 
156 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 obtained for him. Keokuk tlien addressed the chiefs ; he remonstrated against 
 the desertion of their vilhige, their own homes and the graves of their fathers, 
 and offered to defend the vilhige. The council consented that he should be 
 their Avar chief. He marshaled his braves, sent out spies, and advanced on the 
 trail leading to Peoria, but returned without seeing the enemy. The Americans 
 did not disturb the village, and all were satisfied with the appointment of 
 Keokuk. 
 
 Keokuk, like Black Hawk, was a descendant of the Sac branch of the 
 nation, and was born on Rock Kiver, in 1780. He was of a pacific disposition, 
 but possessed the elements of true courage, and could fight, when occasion 
 required, with a cool judgment and heroic energy. In his first battle, he en- 
 countered and killed a Sioux, which placed him in the rank of warriors, and he 
 was honored with a public feast by his tribe in connnemoration of the event. 
 
 Keokuk has been described as an orator, entitled to rank with the most 
 gifted of his race. In person, he was tall and of portly bearing ; in his public 
 speeches, he displayed a commanding attitude and graceful gestures ; he spoke 
 rapidly, but his enunciation was clear, distinct and forcible ; he culled his fig- 
 ures from the stores of nature and based his arguments on skillful logic. Un- 
 fortunately for the reputation of Keokuk, as an orator among white people, he 
 was never able to obtain an interpreter who could claim even a slight acquaint- 
 ance with ])hilosophy. With one exception only, his interpreters were unac- 
 quainted with the elements of their mother-tongue. Of this serious hindrance 
 to his fame, Keokuk was well aware, and retained Frank Labershure, who had 
 received a rudimental education in the French and English languages, until the 
 latter broke down by dissipation and died. But during the meridian of his 
 career among the white people, he was compelled to submit his speeches for 
 translation to uneducated men, whose range of thought fell below the fiights of 
 a gifted mind, and the fine imagery drawn from nature was beyond their power 
 of reproduction. He had sufficient knowledge of the English language to make 
 him sensible of this bad rendering of his thoughts, and often a feeling of morti- 
 fication at the bungling efforts was depicted on his countenance while speaking. 
 The proper place to form a correct estimate of his ability as an orator was in 
 the Indian council, where he addressed himself exclusively to those who under- 
 stood his language, and witness the electrical effect of his eloquence upon his 
 audience. 
 
 Keokuk seems to have possessed a more sober judgment, and to have had a 
 more intelligent view of the great strength and resources of the United States, 
 than his noted and restless cotemporary. Black Hawk. Ho knew from the first 
 that the reckless war which Black Hawk and his band had determined to carry on 
 could result in nothing but defeat and disaster, and used every arg^iment against 
 it. The harge number of warriors whom lie had dissuaded from following Black 
 Hawk became, however, greatly excited with the war spirit after Stillman's 
 defeat, and but for the signal tact displayed by Keokuk on that occasion, would 
 have forced him to submit to their wishes in joining the rest of the warriors in 
 the field. A war-dance was held, and Keokuk took part in it, seeming to be 
 moved with the current of the rising storm. When the dance was over, he 
 called the council to prepare for war. He made a speech, in which he admitted 
 the justice of their complaints against the Americans. To seek redress was a 
 noble aspiration of their nature. The blood of their brethren had been shed by 
 the white man, and the spirits of their braves, slain in battle, called loudly for 
 vengeance. •• I am your chief," he said, "and it is my duty to lead you to bat- 
 tle, if, after fully consi(L';vag the matter, you are determined to go. But before 
 
IIISTORr OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 157 
 
 you decide on taking this important step, it is wise to inquire into the chances of 
 success." He then portrayed to them the great power of the United States, 
 against whom they Avould have to contend, tliat their chance of success was 
 utterly hopeless. " But," said he, " if you do determine to go upon the war- 
 path, I will agree to lead you, on one condition, viz.: that before we go, we will 
 kill all our old men and our wives and children, to save them from a lingering 
 deatli of starvation, and that every one of us determine to leave our homes on 
 the other side of the Mississippi." 
 
 This was a strong but truthful picture of the prospect before them, and was 
 presented in such a forcible light as to cool their ardor, and cause them to aban- 
 don the rash undertaking. 
 
 But during the war of 1832, it is now considered certain that small bands of 
 Indians, from the west side of the Mississippi, made incursions into the white 
 settlements, in the lead mining region, and committed some murders and dep- 
 redations. 
 
 When peace was declared between the United States and England, Black 
 Hawk Avas required to make peace with the former, and entered into a treaty 
 at Portage des Sioux, September 14, 1815, but did not " touch the goose-quill 
 to it until May 13, 1816, when he smoked the pipe of peace with the great 
 Avhite chief," at St. Louis, This treaty was a rencAval of the treaty of 1804, 
 but Black Hawk declared he had been deceived ; that he did not know that by 
 signing the treaty he Avas giving aAvay his village. This Aveighed upon his mind, 
 already soured by previous disappointment and the irresistible encroachments of 
 the Avhites ; and Avhen, a fcAv years later, he and his people Avere driven from 
 their possessions by the military, he determined to return to the home of his 
 fathers. 
 
 It is also to be remarked that, in 1816, by treaty Avith various tribes, the 
 United States relinquished to the Indians all the lands lying north of a line 
 drawn from the southernmost point of Lake Michigan Avest to the Mississippi, 
 except a reservation five leagues square, on the Mississippi River, supposed then 
 to be sufficient to include all the mineral lands on and adjacent to Fever River, 
 and one league square at the mouth of the Wisconsin River. 
 
 THE BLACK HAAVK AVAR. 
 
 The immediate cause of the Indian outbreak in 1830 was the occupation of 
 Black Hawk's village, on the Rock River, by the Avhites, during the absence of 
 the chief and his braves on a hunting expedition, on the Avest side of the 
 Mississippi. When they returned, they found their wigwams occupied by AA'hite 
 families, and their own women and children Avere shelterless on the banks of 
 the Yivev. The Indians Avere indignant, and determined to repossess their village 
 at all hazards, and early in the Spring of 1831 recrossed the Mississippi and 
 menacingly took possession of their own cornfields and cabins. It may bcAvell 
 to remark here that it Avas expressly stipulated in the treaty of lb04, to Avhich 
 they attributed all their troubles, that the Indians should not be obliged to 
 leave their lands until they Avere sold by the United States, and it does not 
 appear that they occupied any lands other than those owned by the Governmenr. 
 If this Avas true, the Indians had good cause for indignation and complaint. 
 But the whites, driven out in turn by the returning Indians, became so clamorous 
 against Avhat they termed the encroachments of the natives, that Gov. Reynolds, of 
 Illinois, ordered Gen Gaines to Rock Island with a military force to drive the 
 Indians again from their homes to the Avest side of the Mississippi. Black Hawk 
 says he did not intend to beproA'-oked into Avar by anything less than the blood of 
 
158 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 soraeof his o^vn people ; in other ■words, tliat there "would be no war unless it should 
 be commenced by the pale faces. But it Avas said and i)robably thought by tlie mili- 
 tary commanders along the frontier that the Indians intended to unite in a general 
 "war against the "\vhites, from Rock River to the Mexican borders. But it does not 
 appear that the hardy frontiersmen themselves had any fears, for their experi- 
 ence had been that, when well treated, their Indian neighbors w^ere not danger- 
 ous. Black Hawk and his band had done no more than to attempt to repossess the 
 the old homes of which they had been deprived in their absence. No blood 
 had been shed. I>lack Hawk and his chiefs sent a flag of truce, and a new 
 treaty was made, by which Black Hawk and his band agreed to remain forever 
 on the Iowa side and never recross the river without the permission of the 
 President or the Governor of Illinois. Whether the Indians clearly understood 
 the terms of this treaty is uncertain. As was usual, the Indian traders had 
 dictated terms on their behalf, and they had received a large amount of pro- 
 visions, etc., from the Government, but it may well be doubted whether the 
 Indians comprehended that they could never revisit the graves of their fathers 
 without violating their treat3^ They undoubtedly thought that they had agreed 
 never to recross the Mississippi with hostile intent. However this may be, on 
 the 6th day of April, 1832, Black Hawk and his entire band, with their women 
 and children, again recrossed the Mississippi in plain view of the garrison of 
 Fort Armstrong, and went up Rock River. Although this act was construed 
 into an act of hostility by the military authorities, who declared that Black 
 Hawk intended to recover his village, or the site where it stood, by force ; but 
 it does not appear that he made any such attempt, nor did his apearance 
 create any special alarm among the settlers. They knew that the Indians never 
 went on the war path encumbered with the old men, their women and t'leir 
 children. 
 
 The Galenian, printed in Galena, of May 2, 1832, says that Black Hawk 
 was invited by the Prophet and had taken possession of a tract about forty 
 miles up Rock River ; but that he did not remain there long, but commenced 
 his march up Rock River. Capt. W. B. Green, who served in Capt. Stephen- 
 son's company of mounted rangers, says that " Black Hawk and h's band 
 crossed the river with no hostile intent, but that his band had had bad luck in 
 hunting during the previous Winter, were actually in a starving condition, and 
 had come over to spend the Summer with a friendly tribe on the head waters of 
 the Rock and Illinois Rivers, by invitation from their chief. Other old set- 
 tlers, who all agree that Black Hawk had no idea of fighting, say that he came 
 back to the west side expecting to negotiate another treaty, and get a new 
 supply of provisions. The most reasonable explanation of this movement, Avliich 
 resulted so disastrously to Black Hawk and his starving people, is that, during 
 the Fall and Winter of 1831-2, his people became deeply indebted to their 
 favorite trader at Fort Armstrong (Rock Island). They had not been fortunate 
 in hunting, and he was likely to lose heavily, as an Indian debt was outlawed 
 in one year. If, therefore, the Indians could be induced to come over, and the 
 fears of the mditary could be sufficiently aroused to pursue them, another treaty 
 could be negotiated, and from the payments from the Government the shrewd 
 trader could get his pay. Just a week after Black Hawk crossed the river, on 
 the 13th of April, 1832, George Davenport wrote to Gen. Atkinson : '' I am 
 informed that the British band of SUc Indians are determined to make war on 
 the frontier settlements. * * * From every information that I have 
 received, I am of the opinion that the intention of the British band of Sac 
 Ind.ans is to commit depredations on the inhabitants of the frontier." And 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 159 
 
 yet, from the 6th day of April until after Stilhiian's men commenced war by 
 firing on a flag of truce from Bhxck Hawk, no murders nor depredations were 
 committed by the British band of Sac Indians. 
 
 It is not the purpose of this sketch to detail the incidents of the BLick 
 Hawk war of 1832, as it pertains rather to the history of the State of Illinois. 
 It is sufficient to say that, after the disgraceful affiiir at Stillman's Run, Black 
 Hawk, concluding that the whites, refusing to treat with him, were determine.l 
 to exterminate his people, determined to return to the Iowa side of the Missis- 
 sippi, tie could not return by the way he came, for the army was behind him, 
 an army, too, that would sternly refuse to recognize the white flag of peace. 
 His only course was to make his way northward and reach the Mississippi, if 
 possible, before the troops could overtake him, and this he did ; but, before he 
 could get his women and children across the Wisconsin, he was overtaken, and a 
 battle ensued. Here, again, he sued for peace, and, through his trusty Lieu- 
 tenant, "the Prophet," the whites were plainly informed that the starving 
 Indians did not wish to fight, but would return to the Avest side of the Missis- 
 sippi, peaceably, if they could be permitted to do so. No attention Avas paid to 
 this second effort to negotiate peace, and, as soon as supplies could be obtained, 
 the pursuit Avas resumed, the flying Indians were overtaken again eight miles 
 before tliey reached the mouth of the Bad Axe, and the slaughter (it should not 
 be dignified by the name of battle) commenced. Here, OA'ercome by starvation 
 and the victorious Avhites, his band Avas scattered, on the 2d day of August, 
 1832. Black HaAvk escaped, but was brought into camp at Prairie du Chien 
 by three Winnebagoes. He Avas confined in Jefferson Barracks until the 
 Spring of 1833, Avhen he was sent to Washington, arriving there April 22. On 
 the 2(3th of April, they Avere taken to Fortress Monroe, Avhere they remained 
 till the 4th of June, 1833, Avhen orders Avere given for them to be liberated and 
 returned to their own country. By order of the President, he Avas brouglit 
 back to loAva through the principal JSastern cities. Crowds flocked to see him 
 all along his route, and he Avas very much flattered by the attentions he 
 received. He lived among his people on the loAva River till that reservation 
 was sold, in 1836, when, Avith the rest of the Sacs and Foxes, he removed to 
 the Des Moines ReserA^ation, Avhere he remained till his death, Avhich occurred 
 on the 3d of October, 1838. 
 
 INDIAN PURCHASES, RESERVES AND TREATIES, 
 
 At the close of the Black Hawk War, in 1832, a treaty Avas made at a 
 council held on the Avest bank of the Mississippi, Avhere noAv stands tlie thriving 
 city of Davenport, on grounds noAv occupied by the Chicago, Rock Island & 
 Pacific Railroad Company, on the 21st day of September, 1832. At this 
 council, the United States were represented by Gen. Wmfield Scott and Gov. 
 Reynolds, of Illinois. Keokuk, Pash-a-pa-ho and some thirty other chiefs and 
 warriors of the Sac and Fox nation were present. By this treaty, the Sacs and 
 Foxes ceded to the United States a strip of land on the eastern border of Iowa 
 fifty miles Avide, from the northern boundary of Missouri to the mouth of the 
 Upper loAva River, containing about six million acres. The western line of the 
 purchase Avas parallel with the Mississippi. In consideration of this cession, 
 the United States Government stipulated to pay annually to the confederated 
 tribes, for thirty consecutive years, tAventy thousand dollars in specie, and to 
 pay the debts of the Indians at Rock Island, which had been accumulating for 
 
160 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 seventeen years and amounted to fifty thousand dollars, due to Davenport & 
 Farnham, Indian traders. The Government also generously donated to the 
 Sac and Fox women and children whose husbands and fathers had fallen in the 
 Black Hawk war, thirty-five beef cattle, twelve bushels of salt, thirty barrels of 
 pork, fifty barrels of flour and six thousand bushels of corn. 
 
 This territory is known as the "JBlack Hawk Purchase." Although it was 
 not tlie first portion of loAva ceded to the United States by the Sacs and Foxes, 
 it was the first opened to actual settlement by the tide of emigration that flowed 
 across the Mississippi as soon as the Indian title was extinguished. The treaty 
 was ratified February 13, 1833, and took effect on the 1st of June following, 
 when the Indians quietly removed from the ceded territory, and this fertile and 
 beautiful region was opened to white settlers. 
 
 By the terms of the treaty, out of the Black Hawk Purchase was reserved for 
 the Sacs and Foxes 400 s([uare miles of land situated on the Iowa River, and in- 
 Icuding within its limits Keokuk's village, on the right bank of that river. This 
 tract was known as '' Keokuk's Reserve; ' and was occupied by the Indians until 
 1836, when, by a treaty made in September between them and Gov. Dodge, of 
 Wisconsin Territory, it was ceded to the United States. The council was held 
 on the banks of the Mississippi, above Davenport, and was the lai'gest assem- 
 blage of the kind ever held by the Sacs and Foxes to treat for the sale of lands. 
 About one thousand of their chiefs and braves were present, and Keokuk was 
 their leading spirit and principal speaker on the occasion. By the terms of the 
 treaty, the Sacs and Foxes were removed to another reservation on the Des 
 Moines River, where an agency was established for them at what is now the 
 town of Agency City. 
 
 Besides the Keokuk Reserve, the Government gave out of the Black Hawk 
 Purchase to Antoine Le Claire, interpreter, in fee simple, one section of land 
 opposite Rock Island, and another at the head of the first rapids above the 
 island, on the Iowa side. This was the first land title granted by the United 
 States to an individual in Iowa. 
 
 Soon after the removal of the Sacs and Foxes to their new reservation 
 on the Des INIoines River, Gen. Joseph M. Street was transferred from the 
 agency of the Winmbagoes, at Prairie du Cliien, to establish an agency 
 among them. A farm was selected, on which the necessary buildings were 
 erected, including a comfortable farm house for the agent and his family, at 
 the expense of tiie Indian Fund. A salaried agent was employed to superin- 
 tend the farm and dispose of the crops. Two mills were erected, one on Soap 
 Creek and the other on Sugar Crock. The latter was soon swept away by a 
 flood, but tlie former remained and did good service for many years. Connected 
 with the agency were Joseph Smart and John Goodell, interpreters. The 
 latter was interpreter for Hard Fish's band. Three of the Indian chiefs, Keo- 
 kuk, Wapello and Appanoose, had each a large field improved, the two former 
 on the right bank of the Des Moines, back from the river, in Avhat is now 
 "Keokuk's Prairie," and the latter on the present site of the city of Ottumwa. 
 Among the traders connected with the agency were the Messrs. Ewing, from 
 Ohio, and Phelps & Co., from Illinois, and also Mr. J. P. Eddy, who estab- 
 lished his post at what is now the site of Eddyville. 
 
 The Indians at this agency became idle and listless in the absence of tlieir 
 natural and Avonted excitements, and many of them plunged into dissipation. 
 Keokuk himself became dissipated in the latter years of his life, and it has 
 been reported that he died of delirium tremens after his removal with his 
 tribe to Kansas. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 161 
 
 In May, 1843, most of tlie Indians were removed up the Des Moines River, 
 above the temporary line of Red Rock, having ceded the remnant of their 
 lands in Iowa to the United States on the 21st of September, 1837, and on the 
 11th of October, 1842. By the terms of the latter treaty, they held possession 
 of the " New Purchase " till the Autumn of 1845, when the most of them 
 were removed to their reservation in Kansas, the balance being removed in the 
 Spring of 1846. 
 
 1. Treaty with the Sioux — Made July 19, 1815 ; ratified December 16, 1815. This treaty 
 was made at Portage des Sioux, between the Sioux of Minnesota and Upper Iowa and the United 
 States, by William Clark and Ninian Edwards, Commissioners, and was merely a treaty of peace 
 and friendship on the part of those Indians toward the United States at the close of the war of 
 1812. 
 
 2. Treaty with the S'lrs. — A similar treaty of peace was made at Portage des Sioux, between 
 the United States and the Sacs, by William Clark, Ninian Edwards and Auguste Choteau, on the 
 V-\i\x of September, 1815, and ratified at the same date as the above. In this, the treaty of 1804 
 was re-affirmed, and the Sacs here represented promised for themselves and their bands to keep 
 entirely separate from the Sacs of Rock River, who, under Black Hawk, had joined the British 
 in the war just then closed. 
 
 3. Treaty with the Foxes.- — A sejjarate treaty of peace was made with the Foxes at Portage 
 des Sioux, by the same Commissioner.s, on the 14th of September, 1815, and ratified the same as 
 the above, wherein the Foxes re-affirmed the treaty of St. Louis, of November 3, 1804, and 
 agreeil to deliver up all their prisoners to the officer in command at Fort Clark, now Peoria, 
 Illinois. 
 
 4. Teaty tcith the lowas. — A treaty of peace and mutual good will was made between the 
 United States and the Iowa tribe of Indians, at Portage des Sioux, by the same Commissioners 
 as above, on the 16th of September, 1815, at the close of the war with Great Britain, and ratified 
 ut the same date as the others. 
 
 5. T eaty with the Socs of Ro'k River — Made at St. Louis on the 11th of May, 1816, between 
 the United States and the Sacs of Rock River, by the Commissioners, William Clark, Ninian 
 Edwards and Auguste Choteau, and ratified December 30, 1816. In this treaty, that of 1804 
 was re established and confirmed by twenty-two chiefs and head men of the Sacs of Rock River, 
 and Black Hawk himself attached to it his signature, or, as he said, " touched the goose quill." 
 
 G. Treaty of 1S24- — On the 4th of August, 1824, a treaty was made between the United 
 States and the Sacs and Foxes, in the city of Washington, by Williim Clark, Commissioner, 
 wherein the Sac and Fox nation relinquished their title to all lands in'Missouri and that portion 
 of the southeast corner of Iowa known as the " Half-Breed Tract" was set off and reserved for 
 the use of the half-breeds of the Sacs and Foxes, they holding title in the same manner as In- 
 dians. Ratified January 18, 1825. 
 
 7. Treaty of August 19, 1S25. — At this date a treaty was made by William Clark and Lewis 
 Cass, at Prairie du Chien, between the United States and the Chippewas, Sacs and Foxes, Me- 
 nomonees, Winnebagoes and a portion of the Ottawas and Pottawatomies. In this treaty, in 
 order to make peace between the contending tribes as to the limits of their respective hunting 
 grounds in Iowa, it was agreed that the United States Government should run a boundary line 
 between the Sioux, on the north, and the Sacs and Foxes, on the south, as follows: 
 
 Commencing at the mouth of the Upper Iowa River, on the west bank of the Mississippi, 
 and ascending said Iowa River to its west fork ; thence up the fork to its source ; thence cross- 
 ing the fork of Red Cedar River in a direct line to the second or upper fork of the Des Moines 
 River ; thence in a direct line to the lower fork of the Calumet River, and down that river to its 
 junction with the ]\Hssouri River. 
 
 8. Treaty of 1830.— On the 15th of July, 1830, the confederate tribes of the Sacs and Foxes 
 ceded to the United States a strip of country lying south of the above line, twenty miles in width, 
 and extending along the line aforesaid from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. The Sioux 
 also, whose possessions were north of the line, ceded to the Government, in the same treaty, a 
 like strip on the north side of the boundary. Thus the United States, at the ratification of this 
 treaty, February 24, 1831, came into possession of a portion of Iowa forty miles wide, extend- 
 ing along the Clark and Cass line of 1825, from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. This 
 territory was known as the " Neutral Ground," and the tribes on either side of the line were 
 allowed to fish and hunt on it unmolested till it was made a ^^ innebago reservation, and the 
 "Winnebagoes were removed to it in 1841. 
 
 9. Treaty tviih the Sacs and Foxes and other Tribes. — At the same time of the above treaty re- 
 specting the "Neutral Ground" (July 15, 1830), the Sacs and Foxes, Western Sioux, Omahas, 
 lowas and Missouris ceded to the United States a portion of the western slope of Iowa, the boun- 
 daries of which were defined as follows : Beginning at the upper fork of the Des Moines River, 
 and passing the sources of the Little Sioux and Floyd Rivers, to the fork of the first creek that 
 falls into the Big Sioux, or Calumet, on the east side ; thence down said creek and the Calumet 
 
162 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOVvA. 
 
 River to the Missouri River; thence down said Missouri River to the Missouri State line above 
 the Kansas ; thence along said line to the northwest corner of said State ; thence to the high lands 
 between the waters falling into the Missouri and Des Moines, passing to said high lands alone 
 the dividing ridge between the forks of the Grand Hiver ; thence along said high lands or rid'^e 
 separating the waters of the Missouri from those of the Des Moines, to a point opposite the source 
 of the Boyer River, and thence in a direct line to the upper fork of the Des Moines, the place of 
 beginning. 
 
 It was understood that the lands ceded and relinquished by this treaty were to be assigned 
 and allutted, under the direction of the President of the United States, to the tribes then living 
 thereon, or to such other tribes as the President might locate thereon for hunting and other pur- 
 poses. In consideration of three tracts of land ceded in this treaty, the United States agreed to 
 pay to the Sacs three thousand dollars ; to the Foxes, three thousand dollars ; to the Sioux, 
 two thousand dollars; to the Yankton and Santie bands of Sioux, three thousand dollars; to the 
 Oniahas, two thousand five hundred dollars; and to the Ottoes and Missouris, two thousand five 
 hundred dollars — to be paid annually for ten successive years. In addition to these annuities, 
 the Government agreed to furnish some of the tribes with blacksmiths and agricultural imple- 
 ments to the amount of two hundred dollars, at the expense of the United States, and to set apart 
 three thousand dollars annually for the education of the children of these tribes. It does not 
 appear that any fort was erected in this territory prior to the erection of Fort Atkinson on the 
 Neutral Ground, in 1840-41. 
 
 This treaty was made by William Clark, Superintendent of Indian affairs, and Col. Willouehby 
 .Morgan, of the United States First Infantry, and came into effect by proclamation, February 
 24, 1831. 
 
 10. Treaty with the Winnebagoes. — Made at Fort Armstrong, Rock Island, September 15, 18o2, 
 by Gen. Winfield Scott and Hon. John Reynolds, Governor of Illinois. In this treaty the Win- 
 nebagoes ceded to the United States all their land lying on the east side of the ^lississippi, and 
 in part consideration therefor the United States granted to the Winnebagoes, to be held as other 
 Indian lands are held, that portion of Iowa known as the Neutral Ground. The exchange of the 
 two tracts of country was to take place on or before the 1st day of June, 1833. In addition to 
 the Neutral Ground, it was stipulated that the United Slates should give the Winnebagoes, begin- 
 ning in September, 1833, and continuing for twenty-seven successive years, ten thousand dollars 
 in specip, and establish a school among them, with a farm and garden, and provide other facili- 
 ties for the education of their children, not to exceed in cost three thousand dollars a year, and 
 to continue the same for twenty-seven successive years. Six agriculturists, twelve yoke of oxen 
 and plows and other farming tools were to be supplied by the Government. 
 
 11. Treaty of 1S32 luilh tl e Sac.i and Foxs'. — Already mentioned as the Bl.ack Hawk purchase. 
 
 12. Treaty of 1836, with the Sacs and Foxes, ceding Keokuk's Reserve to the United States; 
 for which the Government stipulated to pay thirty thousand dollars, and an annuity of ten thou- 
 sand dollars for ten successive years, together with other sums and debts of the Indians to 
 various parties. 
 
 13. Treaty of 1837.— On the 21st of October, 1837, a treaty was made at the city of Wash- 
 ington, between Carey A. Harris, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and the confederate tribes of 
 Sacs and Foxes, ratified February 21, 1838, wherein another slice of the soil of Iowa was obtained, 
 described in the treity as follows: "A tract of country containing 1,250,000 acres, lying west 
 and adjoining the tract conveyed by them to the United States in the treaty of September 21, 
 1832. It is understood that the points of termination for the present cession shall be the noi-th- 
 ern and southern points of said tract as fixed by the survey made under the authority of the 
 United States, and that a line shall be drawn between them so as to intersect a line extended 
 wcstwardly from the angle of said tract nearly opposite to Rock Island, as laid down in the above 
 survey, so far as may be necessary to include the number of acres hereby ceded, which last 
 mentioned line, it is estimated, will be about twenty-five miles " 
 
 This piece of land was twenty-five miles wide in the middle, and ran off to a point at both 
 ends, lying directly back of the Black Hawk Purchase, and of the same length. 
 
 14 Treaty of RelinquUhment. — At the same date as the above treaty, in the city of Washing- 
 ton, Car?y A. Harris, Commissioner, the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States all their 
 right and interest in the country lying south of the boundary line between the Sacs and Foxes 
 and Sioux, as described in the treaty of August 19, 1825, and between the Mississippi and Mis- 
 souri Rivers, the United States paying for the same one hundred and sixty thousand dollars. 
 The Indians also gave up all claims and interests under the treaties previously made with them, 
 for the satisfaction of which no appropriations had been made. 
 
 15. Treaty of 1842. — The last treaty was made with the Sacs and Foxes October 11, 1842; 
 ratified March 23, 1843. It was made at the Sac and Fox agency (Agency City), by John 
 Chambers, Commissioner on behalf of the United States. In this treaty the Sac and Fox Indians 
 " ceded to the United States all their lands west of the Mississippi to which they had any claim 
 or title." By the terms d this treat}' they were to be removed from the country at the expira- 
 tion of three years, and all who remained after that were to move at thei» own expense. Part 
 of them were removed to Kansas in the Fall of 1845, and the rest the Spring following. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 163 
 
 SPANISH GRANTS. 
 
 While the territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was under Spanish 
 rule as a part of its province of Louisiana, certain claims to and grants of land 
 were made by the Spanish authorities, with which, in addition to the extinguishment 
 of Indian titles, the United States had to deal. It is proper that these should 
 be briefly reviewed. 
 
 Dubuque. — On the 22d day of September, 1788, Julien Dubuque, a French- 
 man, from Prairie du Chien, obtained from the Foxes a cession or lease of lands 
 on the Mississippi River for mining purposes, on the site of thd present city of 
 Dubuque. Lead had been discovered here eight years before, in 1780, by the 
 wife of Peosta Fox, a warrior, and Dubuque's claim embraced nearly all the lead 
 bearing lands in that vicinity. He immediately took possession of his claim and 
 commenced mining, at the same time making a settlement. The place became 
 known as the "Spanish Miners," or, more commonly, "Dubuque's Lead 
 Mines." 
 
 In 1796, Dubuque filed a petition with Baron de Carondelet, the Spanish 
 Governor of Louisiana, asking that the tract ceded to him by the Indians might 
 be granted to him by patent from the Spanish Government. In this petition, 
 Dubucpie rather indefinitely set forth the boundaries of this claim as "about 
 seven leagues along the Mississippi River, and three leagues in width from the 
 river," intending to include, as is supposed, the river front between the Little 
 Maquokcta and the Tete des Mertz Rivers, embracing more than twenty thou- 
 sand acres. Carondelet granted the prayer of the petition, and the grant was 
 subsequently confirmed by the Board of Land Commissioners of Louisiana. 
 
 In October, 1804, Dubuque transferred the larger part of his claim to 
 Auguste Choteau, of St. Louis, and on the 17tli of May, 1805, he and Choteau 
 jointly filed their claims with the Board of Commissioners. On the 20th of 
 September, 1806, the Board decided in their favor, pronouncing the claim to be 
 a regular Spanish grant, made and completed prior to the 1st day of October, 
 1800, only one member, J. B. C. Lucas, dissenting. 
 
 Dubuque died March 24, 1810. The Indians, understanding that the claim 
 of Dubu([ue under their former act of cession was only a permit to occupy the 
 tract and work the mines during his life, and that at his death they reverted to 
 them, took possession and continued mining operations, and Avere sustained by 
 the military authority of the United States, notwithstanding the decision of the 
 Commissioners. When the Black Hawk purchase was consummated, the Du- 
 bu(jue claim thus held by the Indians was absorbed by the L^nited States, as the 
 Sacs and Foxes made no reservation of it in the treaty of 1832. 
 
 The heirs of Choteau, however, were not disposed to relinquish then- claim 
 without a struggle. Late in 1832, they employed an agent to look after their 
 interests, and authorized him to lease the right to dig lead on the lands. The 
 miners who cominenced work under this agent were compelled by the military to 
 abandon their operations, and one of the claimants went to Galena to institute 
 legal proceedings, but found no court of competent jurisdiction, although he did 
 bring an action for the recovery of a (juantity of lead dug at Dubuque, for the 
 purpose of testing the title. Being unable to identify the lead, however, he was 
 non-suited. 
 
 By act of Congress, approved July 2, 1836, the town of Dubuque was sur- 
 veyed and platted. After lots had been sold and occupied by the purchasers, 
 Henry Choteau brought an action of ejectment against Patrick Malony, who 
 
164 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 held land in Dubuque under a patent from the United States, for tlie recovery 
 of seven undivided eighth parts of tlie Dubuque claim, as purchased by Auguste 
 Choteau in 1804. The case was tried in the District Court of the United States 
 for the District of Iowa, and Avas decided adversely to the plaintiff. The case was 
 carried to the Supreme Court of the United States on a writ of error, when it 
 was heard at the December term, 1853, and the decision of the lower court was 
 affirmed, the court holding that the permit from Carondolet was merely a lease 
 or permit to work the mines ; that Dubu(jue asked, and the Governor of Louisiana 
 granted, nothing more than the "peaceable possession " of certain lands obtained 
 from the Indians ; that Carondelet had no legal authority to make snch a grant 
 as claimed, and that, even if he had, this was but an " inchoate and imperfect 
 title." 
 
 Giarcl. — In 1795, the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Louisiana granted to 
 Basil Giard five thousand eight hundred and sixty acres of land, in what is now 
 Clayton County, known as the "Giard Tract." He occupied the land during 
 the time that Iowa pass,ed from Spain to France, and from France to the United 
 States, in consideration of Avhich the Federal Government granted a patent of 
 the same to Giard in his own right. His heirs sold the whole tract to James H. 
 Lockwoodand Thomas P. Burnett, of Prairie du Chien, for three hundred dollars. 
 
 Honori. — March 30, 1799, Zenon Trudeau, Acting Lieutenant Governor of 
 Upper Louisiana, granted to Louis Honori a tract of land on the site of the 
 present town of Montrose, as follows: " It is permitted to Mr. Louis (Fresson) 
 Henori, or Louis Honore Fesson, to establish himself at the head of the rapids 
 of the River Des INIoines, and his establishment once formed, notice of it shall be 
 given to the Governor General, in order to obtain for him a commission of a space 
 sufficient to give value to such establishment, and at the same time to render it 
 useful to the commerce of the peltries of this country, to watch the Indians and 
 keep them in the fidelity which they owe to His Majesty." 
 
 Honori took immediate possession of his claim, which he retained until 1805. 
 While trading with the natives, he became indebted to Joseph Robedoux, wlio 
 obtained an execution on which the property Avas sold ]VIay 13, 1803, and was 
 purchased by the creditor. In these proceedings the property Avas described as 
 beino; " about six leaajues above the River Des Moines." Robedoux died soon 
 after he purchased the proprerty. Auguste Choteau, his executor, disposed of 
 the Honori tract to Thomas F. Reddeck, in April, 1805, up to which time 
 Honori continued to occupy it. The grant, as made by the Spanish government, 
 was a league square, but only one mile square was confirmed by the United 
 States. After the half-breeds sold their lands, in which the Honori grant was 
 included, various claimants resorted to litigation in attempts to invalidate the 
 title of the Reddeck heirs, but it was finally confirmed by a decision of the 
 Supreme Court of the United States in 1839, and is the oldest legal title to any 
 land in the State of Iowa. 
 
 THE HALF-BREED TRACT. 
 
 Before any permanent settlement had been made in the Territory of Iowa, 
 white adventurers, trappers and traders, many of whom Avere scattered along 
 the Mississippi and its tributaries, as agents and employes of the American Fur 
 Company, intermarried Avith the females of the Sac and Fox Indians, producing 
 a race of half-breeds, Avhose number was* never definitely ascertained. There 
 were some respectable and excellent people among them, children of men of 
 some refinement and education. For instance : Dr. Muir, a gentleman educated 
 
 I 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 165 
 
 at Edinburgh, Scotland, a surgeon in the United States Army, stationed at a 
 military post located on the present site of Warsaw, married an Indian woman, 
 and reared his family of three daughters in the city of Keokuk. Other exam- 
 ples might be cited, but they are probably exceptions to the general rule, and 
 the race is now nearly or quite extinct in Iowa. 
 
 A treaty was made at Washington, August 4, 1824, between the Sacs and 
 Foxes and the United States, by which that portion of Lee County was reserved 
 to the half breeds of those tribes, and which was afterward known as " The 
 Half-Breed Tract." This reservation is the triangular piece of land, containing 
 about 119,000 acres, lying between the Mississippi andDes Moines Rivers. It is 
 bounded on the north by the prolongation of the northern line of Missouri. 
 This line Avas intended to be a straight one, running due east, which would have 
 caused it to strike the Mississippi River at or below Montrose ; but the surveyor who 
 run it took no notice of the change in the variation of the needle as he proceeded 
 eastAvard, and, in consequence, the line he run was bent, deviating more and more 
 to the northAvard of a direct line as he approached the Mississippi, so that it 
 struck that river at the loAver edge of the town of Fort Madison. " This errone- 
 ous line," says Judge Mason, "has been acquiesced in as well in fixing the 
 northern limit of the Half-Breed Tract as in determining the northern boundary 
 line of the State of Missouri." The line thus run included in the reserA-ation 
 a portion of the lower part of the city of Fort Madison, and all of the present 
 toAvnships of Van Buren, Charleston, Jefferson, Des Moines, Montrose and 
 Jackson - 
 
 Under the treaty of 1824, the half-breeds had the right to occupy the soil, 
 but could not convey it, the reversion being reserved to the United States. But 
 on the 30tli day of January, 1834, by act of Congress, this reversionary right 
 was relinquished, and the half-breeds acquired the lands in fee simple. This 
 was no sooner done, than a horde of speculators rushed in to buy land of the 
 half-breed OAvners, and, in many instances, a gun, a blanket, a pony or a fcAV 
 quarts of whisky Avas sufficient for the purchase of large estates. There Avas 
 a deal of sharp practice on both sides ; Indians Avould often claim oAvnership of 
 land by virtue of being half-breeds, and had no difficulty in proving their mixed 
 blood by the Indians, and they Avould then cheat the speculators by selling land 
 to which they had no rightful title. On the other hand, speculators often 
 claimed land in Avhich they had no OAvnership. It Avas diamond cut diamond, 
 until at last things became badly mixed. There Avere no authorized surveys, 
 and no boundary lines to claims, and, as a natural result, numerous conflicts and 
 quarrels ensued. 
 
 To settle these difficulties, to decide the validity of claims or sell them for 
 the benefit of the real oAvners, by act of the Legislature of Wisconsin Territory, 
 approved January 16, 1838, Edward Johnstone, Thomas S. Wilson and David 
 Brigham Avere appointed Commissioners, and clothed Avith power to effect these 
 objects. The act provided that these Commissioners should be paid six dollars 
 a day each. The commission entered upon its duties and continued until the 
 next session of the Legislature, Avhcn the act creating it Avas repealed, invalidat- 
 ing all that had been done and depriving the Commissioners of their pay. The 
 repealing act, hoAvever, authorized the Commissioners to commence action against 
 the oAvners of the Half-Breed Tract, to receive pay for their services, in the Dis- 
 trict Court of Lee County. Two judgments Avere obtained, and on execution 
 the Avhole of the tract Avas sold to Hugh T. Reid, the Sheriff executing the 
 deed. Mr. Reid sold portions of it to various parties, but his OAvn title Avas 
 questioned and he became involved in litigation. Decisions in favor of Reid 
 
166 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 and those holding under him were made by l)oth District and Supreme Courts, 
 but in December, 1850, these decisions were finally reversed by the Supreme 
 Court of the United States in the case of Joseph Webster, plaintiff in error, vs. 
 Hugh T. lleid, and the judgment titles failed. About nine years before the 
 "judgment titles " were finally abrogated as above, anotlier class of titles were 
 brought into competition with them, and in the conflict between the two, the 
 final decision was obtained. These were the titles based on the " decree of 
 partition " issued by the United States District Court for the Territory of Iowa, 
 on the 8th of May, 1841, and certified to by the Clerk on the 2d day of June of 
 that year. Edward eJohnstone and Hugh T. Rcid, then law partners at Fort 
 Madison, filed the petition for the decree in behalf of tlic St. Louis claimants of 
 half-breed lands. Francis 8. Key, author of the Star Spangled Banner, Avho 
 was then attorney for the New York Land Company, Avhicli held heavy interests 
 in these lands, took a leading part in the measure, and drew up the document in 
 which it was presented to the court. Judge Charles Mason, of Burlington, pre- 
 sided. The plan of partition divided the tract into one hundred and one shares 
 and arranged that each claimant should draw his proportion by lot, and should 
 abide the result, whatever it might be. The arrangement was entered into, the 
 lots drawn, and the plat of the same filed in the Recorder's office, October (), 
 1841. Lipon this basis the titles to land in the Half-Breed Tract are now held. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 The first permanent settlement by the whites within the limits of Iowa was 
 made by Julien Dubuque, in 1788, when, with a small party of miners, he set- 
 tled on the site of the city that now bears his name, where he lived until his 
 death, in 1810. Louis Honori settled on the site of the ])resent town of Mon- 
 trose, probably in 1799, and resided there until 1805, when his property passed 
 into other hands. Of the Giard settlement, opposite Prairie du Chien, little is 
 known, except that it was occupied by some parties prior to the commencement 
 of the present century, and contained three cabins in 1805. Indian traders, 
 although not strictly to be considered settlers, had established themselves at 
 various points at an early date. A Mr. Johnson, agent of tiie American Fur 
 Company, had a trading post below Burlington, where he carried on traflic with 
 the Indians some time before the United States possessed the country. In 
 1820, Le Moliese, a French trader, had a station at what is now Sandusky, six 
 miles above Keokuk, in Lee County. In 1820, Dr. Isaac Gallaud made a set- 
 tlement on the Lower Rapids, at what is now Nashville. 
 
 The first settlement in Lee County was made in 1820, by Dr. Samuel C. 
 Muir, a surgeon in the United States army, who had been stationed at Fort 
 Edwards, now Warsaw, 111., and who built a cabin where the city of Keokuk 
 now stands. Dr. Muir was a man of strict integrity and irreproachable char- 
 acter. While stationed at a military post on the Upper Mississippi, he had 
 married an Indian woman of the Fox nation. Of his marriage, the following 
 romantic account is given : 
 
 The post at which he was stationed was visited by a beautiful Indian maiden — whose native 
 name, unfortunately, has not been preserved — who, in lier dreams, liad seen a white brave un- 
 moor his canoe, paddle it across the river and come directly to her lodge. She felt assured, 
 according to the superstitious belief of her race, that, in her dreams, she had seen her future 
 husband, and had come to the fort to find him. IVIeeting Dr. Muir, she instantly recognized 
 him as tlic liero of her dream, which, with childlike innocence and simplicity, she related (o 
 him. Her dream was, indeed, prophetic. Charmed witli Sophia's beauty, innocence and devo- 
 tion, the doctor honorably niarried her ; but after a while, the sneers and gibes of his brother 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 167 
 
 officers — less honorable than he, perhaps — made him feel ashamed of his dark-skinned wife, and 
 when his regiment was ordered down the river, to Bellefontaine, it is said he embraced the 
 opportunity to rid liimself of her, and left her, never expecting to see her again, and little 
 dreaming that she would have the courage to follow him. But, with her infant child, this in- 
 trepid wife and mother started alone in her canoe, and, after many days of weary labor and a 
 lonely journey of nine hundred miles, she, at last, reached him. She afterward i-emarked. when 
 speaking of this toilsome journey down the river in search of her husband, " When I got there' 
 I was all perished away — so thin ! " The doctor, touched by such unexampled devotion, took her 
 to his heart, and ever after, until his death, treated her with marked respect. She always pre- 
 sided at his table with grace and dignity, but never abandoned her native style of dress. In 
 1819-20, he was stationed at Fort Edward, but the senseless ridicule of some of his brother 
 officers on account of his Indian wife induced him to resign his commission. 
 
 After building his cabin, as above stated, he leased his claim for a term of years to Otis 
 Reynolds and John Culver, of St. Louis, and went to La Pointe, afterward Galena, where he 
 practiced his profession for ten years, when he returned to Keokuk. His Indian wife bore to 
 him four children — Louise (married at Keokuk, since dead), James, (drowned at Keokuk), Mary 
 and Sophia. Dr. Muir died suddenly of cholera, in 18o2, but left his property in such condition 
 that it was soon wasted in vexatious litigation, and his brave and faithful wife, left friendless and 
 penniless, became discouraged, and, with her children, disappeared, and, it is said, returned to 
 her people on the Upper Missouri. 
 
 Messrs. Reynolds k Culver, who had leased Dr. Muir's claim at Keokuk, 
 subsequently employed as their agent Mr. Moses Stillwell, who arrived with 
 his family in 1828, and took possession of Muir's cabin. His brothers-in-law, 
 Amos and Valencourt Van Ansdal, came with him and settled near. 
 
 His daughter, Margaret Stillwell (afterward Mrs. Ford) was born in 1831, 
 at the foot of the rapids, called by the Indians Puch-a-she-tuck, where Keokuk 
 now stands. She was probably the first white American child born in Iowa. 
 
 In 1831, Mr. Johnson, Agent of the American Fur Company, who had a 
 station at the foot of the rapids, removed to another location, and, Dr. Muir 
 having returned from Galena, he and Isaac R. Campbell took the place and 
 buildings vacated by the Company and carried on trade with the Indians and 
 hiilf-breeds. Campbell, who had first visited and traveled through the southern 
 part of Iowa, in 1821, was an enterprising settler, and besides trading with the 
 natives carried on a farm and kept a tavern. 
 
 Dr. Muir died of cholera in 1832. 
 
 In 1830, James L. and Lucius H. Langworthy, brothers and natives of 
 Vermont, visited the Territory for the purpose of working the lead mines at Du- 
 buque. They had been engaged in lead mining at Galena, Illinois, the former 
 from as early as 1824. The lead mines in the Dubuque region were an object 
 of great interest to the miners about Galena, for tliey were known to be rich in 
 lead ore. To explore these mines and to obtain permission to work them was 
 therefore eminently desirable. 
 
 In 1829, James L. Langworthy resolved to visit the Dubuque mines. Cross- 
 ing the Mississippi at a point now known as Dunleith, in a canoe, and swim- 
 ming his horse by his side, he landed on the spot now known as Jones Street 
 Levee. Before him spread out a beautiful prairie, on which the city of Du- 
 buque now stands. Two miles south, at the mouth of Catfish Creek, Avas a vil- 
 lage of Sacs and Foxes. Thither Mr. Langworthy- proceeded, and was well re- 
 ceived by the natives. He endeavored to obtain permission from them to mine 
 in their hills, but this they refused. He, however, succeeded in gaining the con- 
 fidence of the chief to such an extent as to be allowed to travel in the interior 
 for three weeks and explore the country. He employed two young Indians as 
 guides, and traversed in different directions the whole region 1\ ino; betAvecn the 
 Maquoketa and Turkey Rivers, He returned to the village, secured the good 
 will of the Indians, and, returning to Galena, formed plans for future opera- 
 tions, to be executed as soon as circumstances would pcimit. 
 
168 HISTORY OF TilE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 In 1830, with his brother, Lucius H., -and otliers, having obtained the con- 
 sent of the Indians, Mr. Langwortliy crossed the Mississippi and commenced 
 mining in the vicinity around Dubuque. 
 
 At this time, tlie hinds were not in the actual possession of the United States. 
 Although they had been purchased from France, the Indian title had not been 
 extinguished, and these adventurous persons were beyond the limits of any State 
 or Territorial government. The first settlers were therefore obliged to be their 
 own law-makers, and to agree to such regulations as the exigencies of the case 
 demanded. The first act resembling civil legishition within the limits of the 
 present State of Iowa was done by the miners at this point, in June, 1830. They 
 met on the bank of the river, by the side of an old cottonwood drift log, at 
 what is now the Jones Street Levee, Dubuque, and elected a Committee, con- 
 sisting of J. L. Langworthy, II. F. Lander, James McPhetres, Samuel Scales, 
 and E. M. Wren. This may be called the first Legislature in Iowa, the mem- 
 bers of which gathered around that old cottonwood log, and agreed to and re- 
 ported the following, written by Mr. Langworthy, on a half sheet of coarse, un- 
 ruled paper, the old log being the writing desk : 
 
 We, a Committee having been chosen to draft certain rules and regulations (laws) by 
 which we as miners will be governed, and having duly considered the subject, do unanimously 
 agree that we will be governed by the regulations on tlie east side of the Mississippi River,* with 
 the following exceptions, to wit : 
 
 Aktu'lp, I. That each and every, man shall hold 200 yards square of ground by working 
 said ground one day in six. 
 
 ARTirLB If. We further agree that there shall be chosen, by the majority of the miners 
 present, a person who shall hold this article, .and who sh.all grant letters of arbitration on appli- 
 cation having been made, and that said letters of arbitration shall be obligatory on the paities so 
 applying. 
 
 The report was accepted by the miners present, who elected Dr. Jarote, in 
 accordance Avith Article 2. Here, then, we have, in 1880, a primitive Legisla- 
 ture elected by the people, the law drafted by it bemg submitted to the people 
 for approval, and under it Dr. Jarote was elected first Governor within the 
 limits of the present State of Iowa. And it is to be said tliat the laws thus 
 enacted were as promptly obeyed, and the acts of the executive officer thus 
 elected as duly respected, as any have been since. 
 
 The miners who had thus erected an independent government of their own 
 on the Avest side of the Mississippi River continued to work successfully for a 
 long time, and the new settlement attracted considerable attention. But tlie 
 west side of the Mississippi belonged to the Sac and Fox Indians, and the Gov- 
 ernment, in order to preserve peace on the frontier, as Avell as to protect the 
 Indians in their rights under the treaty, ordered the settlers not on\j to stop 
 mining, but to remove from the Indian territory. They were simply intruders. 
 The execution of this order was entrusted to Col. Zachary Taylor, then in com- 
 mand of the military post at Prairie dii Chien, who, early in July, sent an officer 
 to the miners Avith orders to forbid settlement, and to command the miners to 
 remove Avithin ten days to the east side of the Mississippi, or they Avould be 
 driven off by armed force. The miners, hoAvever, were reluctant about leaving 
 the rich "leads" they had already discovered and opened, and Avere not dis- 
 poned to obey the order to remove Avith any considerable degree of alacrity. In 
 due time. Col. Taylor dispatched a detachment of troops to enforce his order. The 
 miners, anticipating tlieir arrival, liad, excepting three, recrossed the river, and 
 from the east bank saAV the troops land on the western shore. The three Avho 
 had lingered a little too long Avere, however, permitted to make their escape 
 
 * Kbtablished by the Superintendent of V. S. Lead Mines at Fever Kiver. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 169 
 
 unmolested. From this time, a military force was stationed at Dubuque to 
 prevent the settlers from returning, until June, 1832. The Indians returned, 
 and were encouaged to operate the rich mines opened by the late white 
 occupants. 
 
 In June, 1832, the troops were ordered to the east side to assist in the 
 annihilation of the very Indians whose rights they had been protecting on the 
 west side. Immediately after the close of the Black Hawk war, and the negotia- 
 tions of the treaty in September, 1832, by which the Sacs and Foxes ceded to 
 the United States the tract known as the "Black Hawk Purchase," the set- 
 tlers, supposing that now they had a right to re-enter the territory, returned 
 and took possession of their claims, built cabins, erected furnaces and prepared 
 large quantities of lead for market. Dubuque was becoming a noted place on 
 the river, but the prospects of the hardy and enterprising settlers and miners 
 were again ruthlessly interfered with by the Government, on the ground that 
 the treaty with the Indians would not go into force until June 1, 1833, although 
 they had withdrawn from the vicinity of the settlement. Col. Taylor was again 
 ordered by the War Department to remove the miners, and in January, 18o3, 
 troops were again sent from Prairie du Chien to Dubuque for that purpose. 
 This was a serious and perhaps unnecessary hardship imposed upon the settlers. 
 They were compelled to abandon their cabins and homes in mid-winter. It 
 must now be said, simply, that "red tape" should be respected. The purchase 
 had been made, the treaty ratified, or was sure to be ; the Indians had retired, 
 and, after the lapse of nearly fifty years, no very satisfactory reason for this 
 rigorous action of the Government can be given. 
 
 But the orders had been given, and there was no alternative but to obey. 
 Many of the settlers recrossed the river, and did not return ; a few, however, 
 removed to an island near the east bank of the river, built rude cabins of poles, 
 in which to store their lead until Spring, when they could float the fruits of 
 their labor to St. Louis for sale, and where they could remain until the treaty 
 went into force, when they could return. Among these were James L. Lang- 
 worthy, and his brother Lucius, who had on hand about three hundred thousand 
 pounds of lead. 
 
 Lieut. Covington, who had been placed in command at Dubuque by Col. 
 Taylor, ordered some of the cabins of the settlers to be torn down, and wagons 
 and other property to be destroyed. This wanton and inexcusable action on 
 the part of a subordinate clothed with a little brief authority was sternly 
 rebuked by Col. Taylor, and Covington was superseded by Lieut. George Wil- 
 son, who pursued a just and friendly course with the pioneers, who Avere only 
 waiting for the time when they could repossess their claims. 
 
 June 1, 1833, the treaty formally went into effect, the troops were withdrawn, 
 and the Langworthy brothers and a few others at once returned and resumed 
 possession of their home claims and mineral prospects, and from this time the 
 first permanent settlement of this portion of Iowa must date. Mr. John P. 
 Sheldon was appointed Superintendent of the mines by the Government, and a 
 system of permits to miners and licenses to smelters was adopted, similar to that 
 which had been in operation at Galena, since 1825, under Lieut. Martin Thomas 
 and Capt. Thomas C. Legate. Substantially the primitive law enacted by the 
 miners assembled around that old cottonwood drift log in 1830 Avas adopted and 
 enforced by the United States Government, except that miners were required to 
 sell their mineral to licensed smelters and the smelter was required to give bonds 
 for the payment of six per cent, of all load manufactured to the Government. 
 This was the same rule adopted in the United States mines on Fever River in 
 
170 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 Illinois, except that, until 1830, the Illinois miners were compelled to pay 10 
 per cent. tax. This tax upon the miners created much dissatisfaction among 
 the miners on the uest side as it had on the east side of the Mississippi. They 
 tliouglit they had suffered hardships and privations enough in opening the Avay 
 for civilization, Avithout being subjected to the imposition of an odious Govern- 
 ment tax upon their means of subsistence, Avhen the Federal Government could 
 better afford to aid than to extort from them. The measure soon became unpop- 
 ular. It was difficult to collect the taxes, and the whole system was abolished 
 in about ten years. 
 
 Daring l(S-33, after the Indian title was fully extinguished, about five hun- 
 dred people arrived at the mining district, about one hundred and fifty of them 
 from Galena. 
 
 In the same year, Mr. Langworthy assisted in building the first school house 
 in Iowa, and thus was formed the nucleus of the now populous and thriving 
 City of Dubuque. Mr. Langworthy lived to see the naked prairie on which he 
 first landed become the site of a city of fifteen thousand inhabitants, the small 
 school liouse which he aided in constructing replaced by three substantial edifices, 
 wherein two thousand children were being trained, churches erected in every 
 part of the city, and railroads connecting the wilderness Avhich he first explored 
 with all the eastern world. He died suddenly on the 13th of March, 1865, 
 while on a trip over the Dubuque & Southwestern Railroad, at Monticello, 
 and the evening train brought the news of his death and his remains. 
 
 Lucius II. Langworthy, his brother, was one of the most worthy, gifted and 
 influential of the old settlers of this section of Iowa. He died, greatly lamented 
 by many friends, in June, 1865. 
 
 Tlie name Dubuque was given to the settlement by tlie miners at a meeting 
 held in 1834. 
 
 In 1832, Captain James White made a claim on the present site of Montrose. 
 In 1834, a military post was established at this point, and a garrison of cavalry 
 was stationed here, under the command of Col. Stephen W. Kearney. The 
 soldiers were removed from this post to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1837. 
 
 During the same year, 1832, soon after the close of the Black Ilawk War, 
 Zachariali Hawkins, Benjamin Jennings, Aaron White, Augustine Horton, 
 Samuel Gooch, Daniel Thompson and Peter Williams made claims at Fort 
 Madison. In 1833, these claims were purchased by John and Nathaniel 
 Knapp, upon which, in 1835, they laid out the town. The next Summer, lots 
 Avere sold. The town was subsequently re-surveyed and platted by the United 
 States Government. 
 
 At the close of the Black Hawk War, parties who had been impatiently 
 looking across upon "Flint Hills," now Burlington, came over from Illinois 
 and made claims The first was Samuel S. White, in the Fall of 1832, who 
 erected a cabin on the site of the city of Burlington. About the same time, 
 David Tothero made a claim on the prairie about three miles back from the 
 river, at a place since known as the faim of Judge Morgan. In the Winter of 
 that year, they were driven off by the military from Rock Island, as intruders 
 upon the rights of the Indians, and White's cabin was burnt by the soldiers. 
 He retired to Illinois, where he spent the Winter, and in the Summer, as soon 
 as the Indian title was extinguished, returned and rebuilt his cabin. AVhite 
 was joined by his brother-in-law, Doolittle, and they laid out the original town 
 of Burlington in 1834. 
 
 All along the river borders ofthe Black Hawk Purchase settlerswere flocking 
 into Iowa. Immediately after the treaty with the Sacs and Foxes, in Septem- 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 171 
 
 ber, 1832, Col. George Davenport made the first claim on the spot where the 
 thriving city of Davenport now stands. As early as 1827, Col. Davenport had 
 established a flatboat ferry, which ran between the island and the main shore of 
 Iowa, by which he carried on a trade with the Indians west of the Mississippi. 
 In 1833, Capt. Benjamin W. Clark moved across from Illinois, and laid the 
 foundation of the town of Buffalo, in Scott County, which was the first actual 
 settlement within the limits of that county. Among other early settlers in this 
 part of the Territory were Adrian H. Davenport, Col. John Sullivan, Mulli- 
 gan and Franklin Easly, Capt. John Coleman, J. M. Camp, William White, 
 H. W. Higgins, Cornelius Harrold, Richard Harrison, E. H. Shepherd and 
 Dr. E. S. Barrows. 
 
 The first settlers of Davenport were Antoine LeClaire, Col. George Daven- 
 port, Major Thomas Smith, Major William Gordon, Philip Hambough, Alexan- 
 der W. McGregor, Levi S. Colton, Capt. James May and others. Of Antoine 
 LeClaire, as the representative of the two races of men who at this time occu- 
 pied Iowa, Hon. C. C. Nourse, in his admirable Centennial Address, says : 
 '^ Antoine LeClaire was born at St. Joseph, Michigan, in 1797. His father 
 was French, his mother a granddaughter of a Pottowatomie chief. In 1818, 
 he acted as official interpreter to Col. Davenport, at Fort Armstrong (now Rock 
 Island). He was well acquainted with a dozen Indian dialects, and was a man 
 of strict integrity and great energy. In 1820, he married the granddaughter 
 of a Sac chief. The Sac and Fox Indians reserved for him and his wife two 
 sections of land in the treaty of 1833, one at the town of LeClaire and one at 
 Davenport. The Pottawatomies, in the treaty at Prairie du Chien, also 
 reserved for him two sections of land, at the present site of Moline, 111. He 
 received the appointment of Postmaster and Justice of the Peace in the Black 
 Hawk Purchase, at an early day. In 1833, he bought for $100 a claim on the 
 land upon which the original town of Davenport was surveyed and platted in 
 1836. In 1836, LeClaire built the hotel, known since, with its valuable addi- 
 tion, as the LeClaire House. He died September 25, 1861." 
 
 In Clayton County, the first settlement was made in the Spring of 1832, 
 on Turkey River, by Robert Hatfield and William W. Wayman. No further 
 settlement was made in this part of the State till the beginning of 1836. 
 
 In that portion now known as Muscatine County, settlements were made in 
 1834, by Benjamin Nye, John Vanater and G. W. Kasey, who were the first 
 settlers. E. E. Fay, William St. John, N. Fullington, H. Reece, Jona Petti- 
 bone, R. P. Lowe, Stephen Whicher, Abijah Whiting, J. E. Fletcher, W. D. 
 Abernethy and Alexis Smith were early settlers of Muscatine. 
 
 During the Summer of 1835, William Bennett and his family, from Galena, 
 built the first cabin within the present limits of Delaware County, in some 
 timber since known as Eads' Grove. 
 
 The first post office in Iowa was established at Dubuque in 1833. Milo H. 
 Prentice was appointed Postmaster. 
 
 The first Justice of the Peace was Antoine Le Claire, appointed in 1833, as 
 '' a very suitable person to adjust the difficulties between the white settlers and 
 the Indians still remaining there." 
 
 The first Methodist Society in the Territory was formed at Dubuque on 
 the 18th of May, 1834, and the first class meeting was held June 1st of that 
 year. 
 
 The first church bell brought into Iowa was in March, 1834. 
 
 The first mass of the Roman Catholic Church in the Territory was celebrated 
 at Dubuque, in the house of Patrick Quigley, in the Fall of 1833. 
 
172 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 The j&rst school house in the Territory was erected by the Dubuque miners 
 in 1833. 
 
 The first Sabbath school Avas organized at Dubuque early in the Summer 
 of 1834. 
 
 The first woman Avho came to this part of the Territory "with a view to per- 
 manent residence was Mrs. Noble F. Dean, in the Fall of 1832. 
 
 The first family that lived in this part of Iowa was th'at of Hosea T. Camp, 
 in 1832. 
 
 The first meeting house was built by the Methodist Episcopal Church, at 
 Dubu(|ue, in 1834. 
 
 Tlio first newspaper in loAva was the Dubuque Visitor, issued May 11th, 1836, 
 John King, afterward Judge King, Avas editor, and William C. Jones, printer. 
 
 The pioneers of Iowa, as a class, were brave, hardy, intelligent and 
 enterprising ])eople. 
 
 As early as 1824, a French trader named Hart had established a trading 
 post, and built a cabin on the blufls above the large spring now known as 
 " Mynster Spring," within the limits of the present city of Council Bluffs, and 
 had probably been there some time, as the post was known to the employes of 
 the American Fur Company as Lacote de Hart, or " Hart's Bluff." In 1827, 
 an agent of the American Fur Company, Francis Guittar, with others, encamped 
 in the timber at the foot of the bluffs, about on the present location of Broad- 
 way, and afterward settled there. In 1839, a block house was built on the 
 bluff in the east part of the city. The Pottawatomie Indians occupied this part 
 of the State until 184C-7, when they relinquislied the territory and removed to 
 Kansas. Billy Caldwell was then principal chief. There were no Avhite settlers 
 in that part of the State except Indian traders, until the arrival of the INIormons 
 under the lead of Brigham Young. These people on their way AvestAvard halted 
 for the Winter of 1846-7 on the west bank of the Missouri River, about five 
 miles above Omaha, at a place noAV called Florence. Some of them had 
 reached the eastern bank of the river the Spring before, in season to plant a 
 crop. In the Spring of 1847, Young and a portion of the colony pursued their 
 journey to Salt Lake, but a large portion of them returned to the loAva side and 
 settled mainly Avithin the limits of Pottawattamie County. The principal settle- 
 ment of this strange connnunity Avas at a place first called "Miller's HoIIoav," 
 on Indian Creek, and afterAvard named Kanesville, in honor of Col. Kane, of 
 Pennsylvania, Avho visited them soon afterAAard. The Mormon settlement 
 extended over the county and into neighboring counties, Avherever timber and 
 Avater fiirnislit'd desirable locations. Orson Hyde, priest, lawyer and editor, Avas 
 installed as President of the Quorum of TAvelve, and all that part of the State 
 remained under Mormon control for several years. In 1846, they raised a bat- 
 talion, numbering some five hundred men, for the Mexican Avar. In 1848, Hyde 
 started a paj)er called the Frontier Guardian, at Kanesville. In 1849, after 
 many of the faithful had left to join Brigham Young at Salt Lake, the Mormons 
 in this section of Iowa numbered 6,552, and in 1850, 7,828, but they Avere not 
 all Avithin the limits of PottaAvattamie County. This county Avas organized in 
 1848, all the first officials being Mormons. In 1852, the order Avas promulgated 
 that all the true believers should gather together at Salt Lake. Gentiles flocked 
 in, and in a fcAV years nearly all the first settlers Avere gone. 
 
 May 9, 1843, Captain James Allen, Avith a small detachment of troops on 
 board the steamer lone, arrived at the present site of the capital of the State, 
 Des Moines. The lone was the first steamer to ascend the Des Moines River 
 to this point. The troops and stores Avere landed at Avhat is noAv the foot of 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 173 
 
 Court avenue, Des Moines, and Capt. Allen returned in the steamer to Fort 
 Sanford to arrange for bringing up more soldiers and supplies. In due time 
 they, too, arrived, and a fort was built near the mouth of Raccoon Fork, at its 
 confluence with the Des Moines, and named Fort Des Moines. Soon after the 
 arrival of the troops, a trading post was established on the east side of the river, 
 by two noted Indian traders named Ewing, from Ohio. 
 
 Among the first settlers in this part of Iowa were Benjamin Bryant, J. B. 
 Scott, James Drake (gunsmith), John Sturtevant, Robert Kinzie, Alexander 
 Turner, Peter Newcomer, and others. 
 
 The Western States have been settled by many of the best and most enter- 
 prising men of the older States, and a large immigration of the best blood of 
 the did World, who, removing to an arena of larger opportunities, in a more 
 fertile soil and congenial climate, have developed a spirit and an energy 
 peculiarly Western. In no country on the globe have enterprises of all kinds 
 been pushed forward with such rapidity, or has there been such independence 
 and freedom of competition. Among those who have pioneered the civiliza- 
 tion of the West, and been the founders of great States, hone have ranked 
 higher in the scg-le of intelligence and moral worth than the pioneers of Iowa, 
 Avho came to the territory when it was an Indian country, and through hardship, 
 privation and suffering, laid the foundations of the populous and prosperous 
 commonwealth which to-day dispenses its blessings to a million and a quarter 
 of people. From her first settlement and from her first organization as a terri- 
 tory to the present day, Iowa has had able men to manage her affairs, wise 
 statesmen to shape her destiny and frame her laws, and intelligent and impartial 
 jurists to administer justice to her citizens ; her bar, pulpit and press have been 
 able and widely influential ; and in all the professions, arts, enterprises and 
 industries which go to make up a great and prosperous commonwealth, she has 
 taken and holds a front rank among her sister States of the West. 
 
 TERRITORIAL HISTORY. 
 
 By act of Congress, approved October 31, 1803, the President of the United 
 States was authorized to take possession of the territory included in the 
 Louisiana purchase, and provide for a temporary government. By another act 
 of the same session, approved March 26, 1804, the newly acquired country was 
 divided, October 1, 1804 into the Territory of Orleans, south of the thirty-third 
 parallel of north latitude, and the district of Louisiana, which latter was placed 
 under the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory. 
 
 In 1 805, the District of Louisiana was organized as a Territory with a gov- 
 ernment of its own. In 1807, Iowa was included in the Territory of Illinois, 
 and in 1812 in the Territory of Missouri. When Missouri was admitted as a 
 State, March 2, 1821, " Iowa," says Hon. C. C. Nourse, "was left a political 
 orphan," until by act of Congress, approved June 28, 1834, the Black Hawk 
 purchase having been made, all the territory west of the Mississippi and north 
 of the northern boundary of Missouri, was made a part of Michigan Territory. 
 Up to this time there had been no county or other organization in what is now 
 the State of Iowa, although one or two Justices of the Peace had been appointed 
 and a post office was established at Dubuque in 1833. In September, 1834, 
 however, the Territorial Legislature of Michigan created two counties on the 
 west side of the Mississipi)i River, viz. : Dubuque and Des JMoines, separated 
 by a line drawn westward from the foot of Rock Island. These counties were 
 
174 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 partially organized. John King was appointed Chief Justice of Dubuque 
 County, and Isaac Leffler, of Burlington, of Des Moines County. Two 
 Associate Justices, in each county, were appointed by the Governor. 
 
 On the first Monday in October, 1835, Gen. George W. Jones, now a citi- 
 zen of Dubuque, was elected a Delegate to Congress from this part of Michigan 
 Territory. On the 20th of April, 1836, through the efforts of Gen. Jones, 
 Congress passed a bill creating the Territory of Wisconsin, which went into 
 operation, July 4, 188G, and loAva was then included in 
 
 THE TERRITORY OF WISCONSIN, 
 
 of which Gen. Henry Dodge was appointed Governor; John S. Horner, Secre- 
 tary of the Territory ; Charles Dunn, Chief Justice ; David Irwin and William 
 C. Frazer, Associate Justices. 
 
 September 1*, 1836, Governor Dodge ordered the census of the new Territory 
 to be taken. This census resulted in showing a population of 10,531 in the 
 counties of Dubuque and Des Moines. Under the apportionment, these two 
 counties were entitled to six members of the Council and thirteen of the House 
 of Representatives. The Governor issued his proclamation for an election to bo 
 held on the first Monday of October, 1836, on Avhich day the following members 
 of the First Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin were elected from the two 
 counties in the Black Hawk purchase : 
 
 Dubuque County. — Council: John Fally, Thomas McKnight, Thomas Mc- 
 Craney. House : Loring Wheeler, Hardin Nowlan, Peter Hill Engle, Patrick 
 Quigley, Hosea T. Camp. 
 
 Des Moines County. — Council: Jeremiah Smith, Jr., Joseph B. Teas, 
 Arthur B. Ingram. House: Isaac Leffler, Thomas Blair, Warren L. Jenkins, 
 John Box, George W. Teas, Eli Keynolds, David R. Chance. 
 
 The first Legislature assembled at Belmont, in the present State of Wiscon- 
 sin, on the 25th day of October, 1836, and was organized by electing Henry T. 
 Baird President of the Council, and Peter Hill Engle, of Dubuque, Speaker of 
 the House. It adjourned December 9, 1836. 
 
 The second Legislature assembled at Burlington, November 10, 1837. 
 Adjourned January 20, 1838. The third session was at Burlington ; com- 
 menced June 1st, and adjourned June 12, 1838. 
 
 During the first session of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature, in 1836, 
 the county of Des Moines was divided into Des Moines, Lee, Van Buren, Henry, 
 Muscatine and Cook (the latter being subsequently changed to Scott) and defined 
 their boundaries. During the second session, out of the territory embraced in 
 Dubuque County, were created the counties of Dubuque, Clayton, Fayette, 
 Delaware, Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, Clinton and Cedar, and their boun- 
 daries defined, but the most of them were not organized until several years 
 afterward, under the authority of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa. 
 
 The question of a separate territorial organization for Iowa, which was then 
 a part of Wisconsin Territory, began to be agitated early in the Autumn of 
 1837. The wishes of the people found expression in a convention held at Bur- 
 lington on the 1st of November, which memorialized Congress to organize a 
 Territory west of the Mississippi, and to settle the boundary line between Wis- 
 consin Territory and Missouri. The Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, then 
 in session at Burlington, joined in the petition. Gen. George W. Jones, of 
 Dubuque, then residing at Sinsinawa Mound, in what is now Wisconsin, was 
 Delegate to Congress from Wisconsin Territory, and labored so earnestly and 
 successfully, that " An act to divide the Territory of Wisconsin, and to estab- 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 175 
 
 lish the Territorial Government of Iowa," was approved June 12, 1838, to take 
 effect and be in force on and after July 3, 1838. The new Territory embraced 
 "all that part of the present Territory of Wisconsin which lies west of the Mis- 
 sissippi River, and west of a line drawn due north from the head water or 
 sources of the Mississippi to the territorial line." The organic act provided 
 for a Governor, whose term of office should be three years, and for a Secretary, 
 Chief Justice, two Associate Justices, and Attorney and Marshal, who should 
 serve four years, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice an<l 
 consent of the Senate. The act also provided for the election, by the white 
 male inhabitants, citizens of the United States, over twenty-one years of age, 
 of a House of Representatives, consisting of twenty-six members, and a Council, 
 to consist of thirteen members. It also appropriated $5,000 for a public library, 
 and §20,000 for the erection of public buildings. 
 
 President Van Buren appointed Ex-Governor Robert Lucas, of Ohio, to be 
 the first Governor of the new Territory. William B. Conway, of Pittsburgh, 
 was appointed Secretary of the Territory ; Charles Mason, of Burlington, 
 Chief Justice, and Thomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, and Joseph Williams, of 
 Pennsylvania, Associate Judges of the Supreme and District Courts; Mr. VaL 
 Allen, of New York, Attorney; Francis Gehon, of Dubuque, Marshal; Au 
 gustus C. Dodge, Register of the Land Office at Burlington, and Thomas Mc- 
 Knight, Receiver of the Land Office at Dubuque. Mr. Van Allen, the District 
 Attorney, died at Rockingliam, soon after his appointment, and Col. Charleii 
 Weston Avas appointed to fill his vacancy. Mr. Conway, the Secretary, also 
 died at Burlington, during the second session of the Legislature, and Jamcii 
 Clarke, editor of the Gazette^ was appointed to succeed him. 
 
 Immediately after his arrival, Governor Lucas issued a proclamation for tht> 
 election of members of the first Territorial Legislature, to be held on the lOtL 
 of September, dividing the Territory into election districts for that purpose, and 
 appointing the 12th day of November for meeting of the Legislature to ho 
 elected, at Burlington. 
 
 The first Territorial Legislature was elected in September and assembled at 
 Burlington on the 12th of November, and consisted of the following members : 
 
 Council. — Jesse B. Brown, J. Keith, E. A. M. Swazey, Arthur Ingram, 
 Robert Ralston, George Hepner, Jesse J. Payne, D. B. Hughes, James M 
 Clark, Charles Whittlesey, Jonathan W. Parker, Warner Lewis, Stepheii, 
 Hempstead. 
 
 House. — William Patterson, Hawkins Taylor, Calvin J. Price, Jameb 
 Brierly, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parker, James W. Grimes, 
 George Temple, Van B. Delashmutt, Thomas Blair, George H. Beeler,'' 
 William G. Coop, William H. Wallace, Asbury B. Porter, John Frierson, 
 William L. Toole, Levi Thornton, S. C. Hastings, Robert G. Roberts, Laurel 
 Summers,! Jabez A. Burchard, Jr., Chauncey Swan, Andrew Bankson, Thomas 
 Cox and Hardin Nowlin. 
 
 Notwithstanding a large majority of the members of both branches of the 
 Legislature were Democrats, yet Gen. Jesse B. Browne (Whig), of Lee County, 
 was elected President of the Council, and Hon. William H. Wallace (Whig), of 
 Henry County, Speaker of the House of Representatives — the former unani- 
 mously and the latter with but little opposition. At that time, national politics 
 
 * Cyrus S. Jacobs, who was plocted for Des Moines County, was killed in an unfortunate encounter at Curlington 
 before the meeting of tlio Legislature, and Mr. Beoler was elccteil to fill the vacancy. 
 
 t Samuel K. Murray was returaed as elected from Cliutoa County, but hifl seat was succeBsfuUy contested by 
 Burchard. 
 
176 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 were little heeded by the people of the new Territory, but in 1840, during the 
 Presidential campaign, party lines were strongly drawn. 
 
 At tlie election in September, 1838, for members of the Legislature, a Con- 
 gressional Delegate was also elected. There were four candidates, viz. : William 
 W. Chapman and David Rohrer, of Des Moines County ; B. F. Wallace, of 
 Henry County, and P. H. Engle, of Dubuque County. Chapman was elected, 
 receiving a majority of thirty-six over Engle. 
 
 The first session of the Iowa Territorial Legislature was a stormy and excit- 
 ing one. By the organic law, the Governor was clothed with almost unlimited 
 veto power. Governor Lucas seemed disposed to make free use of it, and the 
 independent Hawkeyes could not quietly submit to arbitrary and absolute rule, 
 and the result was an unpleasant controversy between the Executive and Legis- 
 lative departments. Congress, however, by act approved March 3, 18o9, 
 amended the organic law by restricting the veto power of the Governor to the 
 two-thirds rule, and took from him the poAver to appoint Sheriffs and Mngistrates. 
 
 Among the first important matters demanding attention was the location of 
 the seat of government and provision for the erection of public buildings, for 
 which Congress had appropriated ^20,000. Governor Lucas, in his message, 
 had recommended the appointment of Commissioners, with a view to making a 
 central location. The extent of the future State of Iowa was not known or 
 thought of. Only on a strip of land fifty miles wide, bordering on the Missis- 
 sippi Biver, was the Indian title extinguished, and a central location meant some 
 central point in the Black Hawk Purchase. The friends of a central location 
 supported the Governor's suggestion. The southern members were divided 
 between Burlington and IMount Pleasant, but finally united on the latter as the 
 proper location for the seat of government. The central and southern parties 
 were very nearly equal, and, in consequence, much excitement prevailed. The 
 central party at last triumphed, and on the 21st day of January, 1839, an act 
 was passed, appointing Chauncey Swan, of Dubuque County; John Ronalds, 
 of Louisa County, and Robert Ralston, of Des Moines County, Commissioners, 
 to select a site for a permanent seat of Government within the limits of John- 
 son County. 
 
 Johnson County had been created by act of the Territorial Legislature of 
 Wisconsin, approved December 21, 1837, and organized by act passed at the 
 special session at Burlington in June, 1838, the organization to date from July 
 4th, following. Napoleon, on the Iowa River, a few miles below the future 
 Iowa City, was designated as the county seat, temporarily. 
 
 Tlien there existed good reason for locating the capital in the county. The 
 Territory of Iowa was bounded on the north by the British Possessions ; east, by 
 the Mississippi River to its source; thence by a line drawn due north to the 
 northern boundary of the United States; south, by the State of Missouri, and west, 
 by the Missouri and White Earth Rivers. But this immense territory was in un- 
 disputed possession of the Indians, except a strip on the Mississippi, known as 
 the Black Hawk Purchase. Johnson County was, from north to south, in tiie 
 geograpliical center of this purchase, and as near the east and west geographical 
 center of the future State of Iowa as could then be made, as the boundary line 
 between the lands of the United States and the Indians, established by the 
 treaty of October 21, 1837, was immediately west of the county limits. 
 
 The Commissioners, after selecting the site, were directed to lay out 640 
 acres into a town, to be called Iowa City, and to proceed to sell lots and erect 
 public buildings thereon. Congress having granted a section of land to be 
 selected by the Territory for this purpose. The Commissioners met at Napo- 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 177 
 
 leon, Johnson County, May 1, 1839, selected for a site Section 10, in ToAvn- 
 ship 79 Noi-th of Range 6 West of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and immedi- 
 ately surveyed it and laid oif the town. Tlie first sale of lots took place August 
 16, '^1839. The site selected for the public buildings was a little west of the 
 geographical center of the section, where a square of ten acres on the elevated 
 grounds overlooking the river Avas reserved for the purpose. The capitol is 
 located in the center of this square. The second Territorial Legislature, which 
 assembled in November, 1839, passed an act requiring the Commissioners to 
 adopt such plan for the building that the aggregate cost when complete shouLl 
 not exceed $51,000, and if they had already adopted a plan involving a greater 
 expenditure they were directed to abandon it. Plans for the building were designed 
 and drawn by Mr. John F. Rague, of Springfield, 111., and on the 4th day of July, 
 1840, the corner stone of tbe edifice was laid Avith appropriate ceremonies. 
 Samuel C. TroAvbridge was Marshal of the day, and Gov. Lucas delivered the 
 address on that occasion. 
 
 When tlie Legislature assembled at Burlington in special session, July 13, 
 1840, Gov. Lucas announced that on the 4th of that month ho had visited loAA'a 
 City, and found the basement of the capitol nearly completed. A bill author- 
 izing a loan of $20,000 for the building Avas passed, January 15, 1841, the 
 unsold lots of loAva City being the security offered, but only $5,500 was 
 obtained under the act. 
 
 THE BOUNDARY QUESTION. 
 
 The boundary line betAveen the Territory of Iowa and the State of Missouri 
 was a difficult question to settle in 1838, in consequence of claims arising from 
 taxes and titles, and at one time civil war was imminent. In defining the 
 boundaries of the counties bordering on Missouri, the Iowa authorities had fixed 
 a line that has since been established as the boundary between Iowa and Mis- 
 souri. The Constitution of Missouri defined her northern boundary to be the 
 parallel of latitude which passes through the rapids of the Des Moines River 
 The loAver rapids of the Mississippi immediately above the mouth of the Des 
 Moines River had always been knoAvn as the Des Moines Rapids, or "the 
 rapids of the Des Moines River." The Missourians (evidently not Avell versed 
 in history or geography) insisted on running the northern boundary line from 
 the rapids in the Des Moines River, just below Keosau(i[ua, thus taking from 
 loAva a strip of territory eight or ten miles wide. Assuming this as her 
 northern boundary line, Missouri attempted to exercise jurisdiction over the 
 disputed territory by assessing taxes, and sending her Sheriffs to collect them by 
 distraining the personal property of the settlers. The loAvans, lioAvever, were 
 not disposed to submit, and the Missouri officials were arrested by the Sheriffs 
 of Davis and Van Buren Counties and confined in jail. Gov. Boggs, of 
 Missouri, called out his militia to enforce the claim and sustain the officers of 
 Missouri. Gov. Lucas called out the militia of loAva, and both parties made 
 active preparations for Avar. In loAva, about 1,200 men Avere enlisted, and 
 500 Avere actually armed and encamped in ^^an Buren County, ready to defend 
 the integrity of the Territory. Subsequently, Gen. A. C. Dodge, of Burlington, 
 Gen. Churchman, of Dubuque, and Dr. Clark, of Fort Madison, were sent to 
 Missouri as envoys plenipotentiary, to effect, if possible, a peaceable adjustment 
 of the difficulty. Upon their arrival, they found that the County Commissioners 
 of Clarke County , Missouri, had rescinded their order for the collection of the taxes, 
 and that Gov. Boggs had despatched messengers to the Governor of Iowa proposing 
 
178 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 to submit an agreed case to the Supreme Court of the United States for the 
 final settlement of the boundary ([uestion. This proposition "was declined, but 
 afterAvard Congress authorized a suit to settle the controversy, Avhich was insti- 
 tuted, and Avhicli resulted in a judgment for Iowa. Under this decision, 
 William G. Miner, of Missouri, and Henry B. Hendershott were appointed 
 Commissioners to survey and establish the boundary. Mr. Nourse remarks 
 that "the expenses of the war on the part of Iowa were never paid, either by 
 the United States or the Territorial Government. The patriots who furnished 
 supplies to the troops had to bear the cost and charges of the struggle." 
 
 The first legislative assembly laid the broad foundation of civil equality, on 
 which has been constructed one of the most liberal governments in the Union. 
 Its first act was to recognize the equality of woman with man before the law by 
 providing that " no action commenced by a single woman, who inteimarries 
 during the pendency thereof, shall abate on account of such marriage." This prin- 
 ciple has been adopted by all subsequent legislation in Iowa, and to-day woman 
 has full and equal civil rights W'ith man, except only the right of the ballot. 
 
 Religious toleration was also secured to all, personal liberty strictly guart 
 the rights and privileges of citizenship extended to all white persons, and 
 purity of elections secured by heavy penalties against bribery and corrupt' 
 The judiciary power Avas vested in a Supreme Court, District Court, Pro' 
 Court, and Justices of the Peace. Ileal estate was made divisible by will, i' 
 intestate property divided equitably among heirs. Murder was made punish 
 by death, and proportionate penalties fixed for lesser crimes. A system o 
 schools, open for every class of white citizens, was established. Provision was 
 made for a system of roads and highways. Thus under the territorial organi- 
 zation, the country began to emerge from a savage wilderness, and take on the 
 forms of civil government. 
 
 By act of Congress of June 12, 1838, the lands which had been purchased 
 of the Indians Avere brought into market, and land offices opened in Dubuque 
 and Burlington. Congress provided for military roads and bridges, Avhich 
 greatly aided the settlers, Avho Avere noAV coming in by thousands, to make their 
 homes on the fertile prairies of loAva — " the Beautiful Land." The fame of the 
 country had spread far and Avide ; even before the Indian title Avas extinguished, 
 many Avere croAvding the borders, impatient to cross over and stake out their 
 claims on the choicest spots they could find in the neAv Territory. As 
 soon as the country Avas open for settlement, the borders, the Black HaAvk 
 Purchase, all along the Mississipi, and up the principal rivers and streams, and 
 out over the broad and rolling prairies, began to be thronged Avith eager land 
 hunters and immigrants, seeking homes in loAva. It Avas a sight to delight the 
 eyes of all comers from every land — its noble streams, beautiful and picturesque 
 hills and A'alleys, broad and fertile prairies extending as far as the eye could 
 reach, Avith a soil surpassing in richness anything Avhich they had ever seen. It 
 is not to be Avondered at that immigration into Iowa Avas rapid, and that Avithin 
 less than a decade from the organization of the Territory, it contained a hundred 
 and fifty thousand people. 
 
 As rapidly as the Indian titles were extinguished and the original OAvners 
 removed, the resistless tide of emigration flowed AvestAvard. Tiie folloAving extract 
 from Judge Nourse's Centennial Address shoAvs hoAV the immigrants gathered 
 on the Indian boundary, ready for the removal of the barrier : 
 
 In obedience to our progressive and aggressive spirit, the Government of the United States 
 made another treaty with the Sac and Fox Indians, on the lllh daj' of Auijiist, 1842, for the 
 remaining portion of their land in Iowa. The treaty provided that the Indians should retain 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 179 
 
 possession of all the lands thus ceiled until May 1, 1843, and should occupy that portion of the 
 <;eded territory west of a line runnino; north and south through Kedrock, until October 11, 184 J. 
 These tribes, at this time, had tlieir principal village at Ot-tuio-\va-no, now called Ottuuiwa. As 
 soon as it became known that tlie treaty had been concluded, there was a rush of immigration to 
 Iowa, and a great number of temporary settlements were made near the Indian boundary, wail- 
 ing for the 1st day of Miy. As the day approached, hundreds of families encamped along tlie 
 line, and their tents and wagons gave the scene the appearance of a military expedition. Tlie 
 country beyond had been thoroughly explored, but the United States military authorities had 
 prevented any settlement or even the making out of claims by any monuments whatever. 
 
 To aid thera in making out their claims when the hour should arrive, the settlers bad placed 
 piles of dry wood on the rising ground, at convenient distances, and a short time before twelve 
 o'clock of the night of the 30ih of April, these were lighted, and when the midnight hour arrived, 
 it was announced by the discharge of firearms. The night was dark, but this army of occupa- 
 tion pressed forward, torch in hand, with axe and hatchet, blazing lines with all manner of 
 curves and angles. When daylight came and revealei the confusion of tliese wonderful surveys, 
 numerous disputes arose, settled generally by compromise, but sometimes by violence Between 
 midnight of the 30th of April and sundown of the 1st of May, over one thousand families had 
 settled on their new purchase. 
 
 While this scene was transpiring, the retreating Indians were enacting one more impressive 
 and melancholy. The Winter of 1842-43 was one of unusual severity, and the Indian prophet, 
 who had disapproved of the treaty, attributed the severity of the Winter to the anger of the Great 
 Spirit, because they had sold their country. Many religious rites were performed to atone for 
 the crime. When the time for leaving Ot-tum-wa-no arrived, a solemn silence pervaded the Indian 
 camp, and the faces of their stoutest men were bathed in tears; and wlien their cavalcade was 
 put in motion, toward the setting sun, there was a spontaneous outburst of frantic grief from the 
 entire procession. 
 
 The Indians remained the appointed time beyond the line running north and south through 
 Redrock. The government established a trading post and military encampment at the Raccoon 
 Fork of the Des Moines River, then and for many years known as Fort Des Moines. Here the 
 red man lingered until the 11th of October, 1845, when the same scene that we have before 
 described was re-enacted, and the wave of immigration swept over the remainder of the " New 
 Vurchase." The lands thus occupied and claimed by the settlers still belonged in fee to the Gen- 
 eral Government. The surveys were not completed until some time after the Indian title was 
 extinguished. After their survey, the lands were publicly proclaimed or advertised for sale at 
 public auction. Under the laws of the United States, a pre-emption or exclusive right to purchase 
 public lands could not be acquii'ed until after the lands had thus been publicly offered and not 
 sold for want of bidders. Then, and not until then, an occupant making improvements in good 
 faith might acquire a I'ight over others to enter the land at the minimum price of $1.2-3 per 
 acre. The "claim laws" were unknown to the United States statutes. They originated in the 
 " eternal fitness of things." and were enforced, probably, as belonging to that class of natural 
 rights not enumerated in the constitution, and not impaired or disparaged by its enumeration. 
 
 The settlers organized in every settlement prior to the public land sales, appointed officers, 
 and adopied their own rules and regulations. Each man's claim was duly ascertained and 
 recorded by the Secretary. It was the duty of all to attend the sales. The Secretary bid off the 
 lands of each settler at $1.2-5 per acre. The others were there, to see, first, that he did his duty 
 and bid in the land, and, secondly, to see that no one else bid. This, of course, sometimes led to 
 trouble, but it saved the excitement of competition, and gave a formality and degree of order 
 and regularity to the proceedings they would not otherwise have attained. As far as practicable, 
 the Territorial Legislature recognized the validity of these " claims " upon the public lands, and 
 in 1839 passed an act legalizing their sale and making their transfer a valid consideration to sup- 
 port a promise to pay for the same. (Acts of 1843, p. 4-56). The Supreme Territorial Court 
 held this law to be valid. (See Hill v. Smith, 1st Morris Rep. 70). The opinion not only con- 
 tains a decision of the question involved, but also contains much valuable erudition upon that 
 "spirit of Anglo-Saxon liberty" which the Iowa settlers unquestionably inherited in a direct 
 line of descent from the said " Anglo-Saxons." But the early settler was not always able to pay 
 even this dollar and twenty-five cents per acre for his land 
 
 Many of the settlers had nothing to begin with, save their hands, health and 
 courage and their family jewels, "the pledges of love," and the " consumers of 
 bread," It was not so easy to accumulate money in the early days of the State, 
 and the "beautiful prairies," the "noble streams," and all that sort of poetic 
 imagery, did not prevent the early settlers from becoming discouraged. 
 
 An old settler, in speaking of the privations and trials of those early days, 
 says: 
 
 Well do the "old settlers ' of Iowa remember the days from the first settlement to 1840. 
 Those were days of sadness and distress. The endearments of home in another land had been 
 
180 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 broken up; and all that was hallowed on earth, the home of childhood and the scenes of youth, 
 we severetl ; and we sat down by the gentle waters of our noble river, and often " hung our harps 
 on the willows." 
 
 Another, from another part of the State, testifies : 
 
 There was no such thing as getting money for any kind of labor. I laid brick at $3.00 
 per thousand, and took my pay in anything I could eat or wear. I built the first Methodist 
 Church at Keokuk, 42x60 feet, of brick, for .?600, and took my pay in a subscription paper, part 
 of which I never collected, and upon which I only received $50 00 in money. Wheat was hauled 
 100 miles from the interior, and sold for 37| cents per bushel. 
 
 Another old settler, speaking of a later period, 1843, says : 
 
 Land and everything had gone down in value to almost nominal prices. Corn and oats 
 could be bought for six or ten cents a bushel ; pork, $1.00 per hundred ; and the best horse a 
 man could raise sold lor $50.00. Nearly all were in debt, and the Sheriff and Constable, with 
 legal processes, were common visitors at almost every man's door. These were indeed "the times 
 that tried men's souls." 
 
 "A few," says Mr. Nourse, "who were not equal to the trial, returned to 
 their old homes, but such as had the courage and faith to be the worthy founders 
 of a great State remained, to more than realize the fruition of their hopes, and 
 the reward of their self-denial." 
 
 On Monday, December 6, 1841, the fourth Legislative Assembly met, at 
 the new capital, Iowa City, but the capitol building could not be used, and the 
 Legislature occupied a temporary frame house, that had been erected for that 
 purpose, during the session of 1841-2. At this session, the Superintendent of 
 Public Buildings (who, with the Territorial Agent, had superseded the Commis- 
 sioners first appointed), estimated the expense of completing the building at 
 $83,330, and that rooms for the use of the Legislature could be completed for 
 $15,600. 
 
 During 1842, the Superintendent commenced obtaining stone from a neAv 
 quarry, about ten miles northeast of the city. This is now known as the " Old 
 Capitol Quarry," and contains, it is thought, an immense quantity of excellent 
 building stone. Here all the stone for completing the building was obtained, 
 and it was so fiir completed, that on the 5th day of December, 1842, the Legis- 
 lature assembled in the new capitol. At this session, the Superintendent esti- 
 mated that it would cost $39,143 to finish the building. This was nearly 
 $0,000 higher than the estimate of the previous year, notwithstanding a large 
 sum had been expended in the meantime. This rather discouraging discrep- 
 ancy was accounted for by the fact that the officers in charge of the work were 
 constantly short of funds. Ex'cept the congressional appropriation of $20,000 
 and the loan of $5,500, obtained from the Miners' Bank, of Dubuque, all the 
 funds for the prosecution of the work were derived from the sale of the city 
 lots (which did not sell very rapidly), from certificates of indebtedness, and from 
 scrip, based upon unsold lots, which was to be received in payment for such lots 
 when they were sold. At one time, the Superintendent made a requisition for 
 bills of iron and glass, which could not be obtained nearer than St. Louis. To 
 meet this, the Agent sold some lots for a draft, payable at Pittsburgh, Pa., for 
 which he was compelled to pay twenty-five per cent, exchange. This draft, 
 amounting to $507, that officer reported to be more than one-half the cash 
 actually handled by him during the entire season, when the disbursements 
 amounted to very nearly $24,000. 
 
 With such uncertainty, it could not be expected that estimates could be very 
 accurate. With all these disadvantages, however, the Avork appears to have 
 been prudently prosecuted, and as rapidly as circumstances would permit. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 181 
 
 Iowa remained a Territory from 1838 to 1846, during which the office of 
 Governor was held by Robert Lucas, John Chambers and James Clarke. 
 
 STATE ORGANIZATION. 
 
 By an act of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa, approved February 12, 
 
 1844, the question of the formation of a State Constitution and providing for 
 the election of Delegates to a convention to be convened for that purpose was 
 submitted to the people, to be voted upon at their township elections in April 
 following. The vote was largely in favor of the measure, and the Delegates 
 elected assembled in convention at Iowa City, on the 7th of October, 1844. 
 On the first day of November following, the convention completed its work and 
 adopted the first State Constitution. 
 
 The President of the convention, Hon. Shepherd Leffler, was instructed to 
 transmit a certified copy of this Constitution to the Delegate in Congress, to be 
 by him submitted to that body at the earliest practicable day. It was also pro- 
 vided that it should be submitted, together with any conditions or changes that 
 might be made by Congress, to the people of the Territory, for their approval 
 or rejection, at the township election in April, 1845. 
 
 The boundaries of the State, as defined by this Constitution, were as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 Beginning in the middle of the channel of the Mississippi River, opposite mouth of tho 
 Des IMoines River, thence up the said river Des Moines, in the middle of the main channel 
 thereof, to a point where it is intersected by the Old Indian Boundary line, or line run by .John 
 C. Sullivan, in the year 1816 ; thence westwardly along said line to the " old " northwest corner 
 of Missouri ; thence due west to the middle of the main channel of the Missouri River ; thence 
 up in the middle of the main channel of the river last mentioned to the mouth of the Sioux or 
 Calumet River ; thence in a direct line to the middle of the main channel of the St. Peters River, 
 where the Watonwan River — according to Nicollet's map — enters the same ; thence down the 
 middle of the main channel of said river to the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi 
 River ; thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to the place of beginning. 
 
 These boundaries were rejected by Congress, but by act approved March 3, 
 
 1845, a State called Iowa was admitted into the Union, provided the people 
 accepted the act, bounded as follows : 
 
 Beginning at the mouth of the Des Moines River, at the middle of the Mississippi, thence 
 by the middle of the channel of that river to a parallel of latitude passing through the mouth of 
 the Mankato or Blue Earth River; thence west, along said parallel of latitude, to a point where 
 it is intersected by a meridian line seventeen degrees and thirty minutes west of "the meridian 
 of Washington City ; thence due south, to the northern boundary line of the State of Missouri; 
 thence eastwardly, following that boundary to the point at which the same intersects the Des 
 Moines River ; thence by the middle of the channel of that river to the place of beginning. 
 
 These boundaries, had they been accepted, would have placed the northern 
 boundary of the State about thirty miles north of its present location, and would 
 have deprived it of the Missouri slope and the boundary of that river. The 
 western boundary would have been near the Avest line of what is now Kossuth 
 County. But it was not so to be. In consequence of this radical and unwel- 
 come change in the boundaries, the people refused to accept the act of Congress 
 and rejected the Constitution at the election, held August 4, 1845, by a vote of 
 7,656 to 7,235. 
 
 A second Constitutional Convention assembled at Iowa City on the 4th day 
 of May, 1846, and on the 18th of the same month another Constitution for the 
 new State with the present boundaries, was adopted and submitted to the people 
 for ratification on the 3d day of August folloAving, when it was accepted ; 9,492 
 votes were cast "for the Constitution," and 9,036 "against the Constitution " 
 
182 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 The Constitution Avas approved by Congress, and by act of Congress approved 
 December 28, 1846, Iowa was admitted as a sovereign State in the American 
 Union. 
 
 Prior to this action of Congress, however, the people of the new State lield 
 an election under the new Constitution on the 26th day of October, and elected 
 Oresel Briggs, Governor ; Elisha Cutler, Jr., Secretary of State ; Joseph T. 
 Fales, Auditor ; Morgan Reno, Treasurer ; and members of the Senate and 
 House of Representatives. 
 
 At this time there were twenty-seven organized counties in the State, with 
 a population of nearly 100,000, and the frontier settlements were rapidly push- 
 ing toward the Missouri River. The Mormons had already reached tliere. 
 
 The first General Assembly of the State of Iowa was composed of nineteen 
 Senators and forty Representatives. It assembled at Iowa City, November 30, 
 1846, about a month before the State was admitted into the Union. 
 
 At the first session of the State Legislature, the Treasurer of State reported 
 that the capitol building was in a very exposed condition, liable to injury from 
 storms, and expressed the hope that some provision would be made to complete 
 it, at least sufficiently to protect it from the weather. The General Assembly 
 responded by appropriating $2,500 for the completion of the public buildings. 
 At the first session also arose the question of the re-location of the capital. The 
 western boundary of the State, as now determined, left Iowa City too far toward 
 the eastern and southern boundary of the State ; this Avas conceded. Congress 
 had appropriated five sections of land for the erection of public buildings, and 
 toward tlie close of the session a bill was introduced providing for the re-location 
 of the seat of government, involving to some extent the location of the State 
 University, Avhich had already been discussed. This bill gave rise to a deal of 
 discussion and parliamentary maneuvering, almost purely sectional in its charact.pr. 
 It provided for the appointment of three Commissioners, wlio were authorized to 
 make a location as near the geographical center of the State as a healthy and 
 eligible site could be obtained ; to select the five sections of land donated by 
 Congress ; to survey and plat into town lots not exceeding one section of the 
 land so selected ; to sell lots at public sale, not to exceed two in each block. 
 Having done this, they were then required to suspend further operations, and 
 make a report of their proceedings to the Governor. The bill passed both 
 Houses by decisive votes, received the signature of the Governor, and became a 
 law. Soon after, by " An act to locate and establish a State University," 
 approved February 25, 1847, the unfinished public buildings at Iowa City, 
 together with the ten acres of land on which they were situated, were granted 
 for the use of the University, reserving their use, however, by the General 
 Assembly and the State officers, until other provisions were made by law. 
 
 The Commissioners forthwith entered upon their duties, and selected four 
 sections and two half sections in Jasper County. Two of tliese sections arc in 
 what is now Des Moines Township, and theotliers in Fairview Township, in the 
 southern part of that county. These lands are situated between Prairie City 
 and Monroe, on the Keokuk & Des Moines Railroad, which runs diagonally 
 through them. Here a town Avas platted, called Monroe City, and a sale of 
 lots took place. Four hundred and fifteen lots were sold, at prices that were 
 not considered remarkably remunerative. The cash payments (one-fourth) 
 amounted to $1,797.43, while the expenses of the sale and the claims of the 
 Commissioners for services amounted to $2,206.57. The Commissioners made 
 a report of their proceedings to the Governor, as required by law, but the loca- 
 tion Avas generally condemned. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 183 
 
 When the report of the Commissioners, showing this brilliant financial ope- 
 ration, had been read in the House of Representatives, at the next session, and 
 while it was under consideration, an indignant member, afterward known as 
 the eccentric Judge McFarland, moved to refer the report to a select Committee 
 of Five, with instructions to report " how much of said city of Monroe w^as under 
 water and how much was burned." The report was referred, without the 
 instructions, however, but Monroe City never became the seat of government. 
 By an act approved January 15, 1849, the law by which the location had been 
 made was repealed and the new town was vacated, the money paid by purchas- 
 ers of lots being refunded to them. This, of course, retained the seat of govern- 
 ment at Iowa City, and precluded, for the time, the occupation of the building 
 and grounds by the University. 
 
 At the same session, $3,000 more were appropriated for completing the 
 State building at Iowa City. In 1852, the further sum of $5,000, and in 1854 
 $4,000 more were apppropriated for the same purpose, making the whole cost 
 $123,000, paid partly by the General Government and partly by the State, but 
 principally from the proceeds of the sale of lots in Iowa City. 
 
 But the question of the permanent location of the seat of government was 
 not settled, and in 1851 bills were introduced for the removal of the capital to 
 Bella and to Fort Des Moines. The latter appeared to have the support of the 
 majority, but was finally lost in the House on the question of ordering it to its 
 third reading. 
 
 At the next session, in 1853, a bill was introduced in the Senate for the 
 removal of the seat of government to Fort Des Moines, and, on final vote, 
 was just barely defeated. At the next session, however, the effort was more 
 successful, and on the 15th day of January, 1855, a bill re-locating the capital 
 within two miles of the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines, and for the appoint- 
 ment of Commissioners, was approved by Gov. Grimes. The site was selected 
 in 1856, in accordance with the provisions of this act, the land being donated 
 to the State by citizens and property-holders of Des Moines. An association of 
 citizens erected a building for a temporary capitol, and leased it to the State at 
 a nominal rent. 
 
 The third Constitutional Convention to revise the Constitution of the State 
 assembled at Iowa City, January 19, 1857. The new Constitution framed by 
 this convention was submitted to the people at an election held August 3, 1857, 
 when it was approved and adopted by a vote of 40,311 " for " to 38,681 
 " against," and on the 3d day of September following was declared by a procla- 
 mation of the Governor to be the supreme law of the State of Iowa. 
 
 Advised of the completion of the temporary State House at Des Moines, on 
 the 19th of October following. Governor Grimes issued another proclamation, 
 declaring the City of Des Moines to be the capital of the State of Iowa. 
 
 The removal of the archives and offices was commenced at once and con- 
 tinued through the Fall. It was an undertaking of no small magnitude; there 
 was not a mile of railroad to facilitate the work, and the season was unusually 
 disagreeable. Rain, snow and other accompaniments increased the difficulties ; 
 and it was not until December, that the last of the effects — the safe of the State 
 Treasurer, loaded on tAvo large " bob-sleds " — drawn by ten yoke of oxen was de- 
 posited in the new capital. It is not imprudent now to remark that, during this 
 passage over hills and prairies, across rivers, through bottom lands and timber, 
 the safes belonging to the several departments contained large sums of money, 
 mostly individual funds, however. -Thus, Iowa City ceased to be the capital of 
 the State, after four Territorial Legislatures, six State Legislatures and three 
 
184 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 Constitutional Conventions had held tlieir sessions tliere. By the exchance, 
 the old capitol at Iowa City became the seat of the University, and, except the 
 rooms occupied by the United States District Court, passed under the immedi- 
 ate and direct control of the Trustees of that institution. 
 
 Des Moines was now the permanent seat of government, made so by the 
 fundamental law of the State, and on the 11th day of January, 1858, tlie 
 seventh General Assembly convened at the new capital. The building used 
 for governmental purposes was purchased in 1864. It soon became inadequate 
 for the purpo.ses for which it was designed, and it became apparent that a new, 
 large and permanent State House must be erected. In 1870, the General 
 Assembly made an appropriation and provided for the appointment of a Board 
 of Commissioners to commence the work. The board consisted of Gov. Samuel 
 Merrill, ex officio. President ; Grenville M. Dodge, Council Bluffs ; James F. 
 Wilson, Fairfield; James Dawson, Washington; Simon G. Stein, Muscatine ; 
 James 0. Crosby, Gainsville; Charles Dudley, Agency City; John N. Dewey, 
 Des Moines; William L. Joy, Sioux City ; Alexander R. Fulton, Des Moines, 
 Secretary. 
 
 The act of 1870 provided that tlie building should be constructed of the 
 best material and should be fire proof; to be heated and ventilated in the most 
 approved manner; should contain suitable legislative halls, rooms for State 
 officers, the judiciary, library, committees, archives and the collections of the 
 State Agricultural Society, and for all purpoees of State Government, and 
 should be erected on grounds held by the State for that purpose. The sum first 
 appropriated was ^150,000 ; and the law provided that no contract should be 
 made, either for constructing or furnishing the building, which should bind the 
 State for larger sums than those at the time appropriated. A design was drawn 
 and plans and specifications furnished by Cochrane & Piquenard, aixhitects, 
 which were accepted by the board, and on the 23d of November, 1871, the cor- 
 ner stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies. The estimated cost and present 
 value of the capitol is fixed at ^2,000,000. 
 
 From 1858 to 1860, the Sioux became troublesome in the northwestern 
 part of the State. These warlike Indians made frequent plundering raids upon 
 the settlers, and murdered several families. In 1861, several companies of 
 militia were ordered to that portion of the State to hunt down and punish the 
 murderous thieves. No battles were fought, however, for the Indians fled 
 ■when they ascertained that systematic and adequate measures had been adopted 
 to protect the settlers. 
 
 '' Theyear 1856 marked a new era in the history of Iowa. In 1854, the 
 Chicago & Rock Island Railroad had been completed to the east bank of the 
 Mississippi River, opposite Davenport. In 1854, the corner stone of a railroad 
 bridge, that Avas to be the first to span the " Father of Waters," was laid with 
 appropriate ceremonies at this point. St. Louis had resolved that the enter- 
 prise was unconstitutional, and by writs of injunction made an unsuccessful 
 effort to prevent its completion. Twenty years later in her history, St. Louis 
 repented her folly, and made atonement for her sin by imitating our example. 
 On the 1st day of January, 1856, this railroad was completed to Iowa City. 
 In the meantime, two other railroads had reached the east bank of the Missis- 
 sippi — one opposite Burlington, and one opposite Dubuque — and these were 
 being extended into the interior of the State. Indeed, four lines of railroad 
 had been projected across the State from the Mississippi to the Missouri, hav- 
 ing eastern connections. On the 15th of May, 1856, the Congress of the 
 United States passed an act granting to the State, to aid in the construction of 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 185 
 
 railroads, the public lands in alternate sections, six miles on either side of the 
 proposed lines. An extra session of the General Assembly was called in July 
 of this year, that disposed of the grant to the several companies that proposed 
 to complete these enterprises. The population of our State at this time had 
 increased to 500,000. Public attention had been called to the necessity of a 
 railroad across the continent. The position of Iowa, in the very heart and 
 center of the Republic, on the route of this great highway across the continent, 
 began to attract attention Cities and towns sprang up through the State as 
 if by magic. Capital began to pour into the State, and had it been employed 
 in developing our vast coal measures and establishing manufactories among us, 
 or if it had been expended in improving our lands, and building houses and 
 barns, it would have been well. But all were in haste to get rich, and the 
 spirit of speculation ruled the hour. 
 
 " In the meantime, every effort was made to help the speedy completion of 
 the railroads. Nearly every county and city on the Mississippi, and many in 
 the interior, voted large corporate subscriptions to the stock of the railroad 
 companies, and issued their negotiable bonds for the amount." Thus enormous 
 county and city debts were incurred, the payment of which these municipalities 
 tried to avoid upon the plea that they had exceeded the constitutional limit- 
 ation of their powers. The Supreme Court of the United States held these 
 bonds to be valid ; and the courts by mandamus compelled the city and county 
 authorities to levy taxes to pay the judgments. Tiiese debts are not all paid 
 even yet, but the worst is over and ultimately the burden will be entirely 
 removed 
 
 The first railroad across the State was completed to Council Bluffs in Jan- 
 uary, 1871. The others were completed soon after. In 1854, there was not 
 a mile of railroad in the State. In 1874, twenty years after, there were 3,765 
 miles in successful operation. 
 
 GROWTH AND PROGRESS. 
 
 When Wisconsin Territory was organized, in 1836, the entire population of 
 that portion of the Territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was 10,531. 
 The Territory then embraced two counties, Dubuque and Des Moines, erected 
 by the Territory of Michigan, in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, the Territorial 
 Legislature of Wisconsin increased the number of counties to sixteen, and the 
 population had increased to 22,859. Since then, the counties have increased 
 to ninety-nine, and the population, in 1875, was 1,366,000. The following 
 table will show the population at different periods since the erection of Iowa 
 Territory : 
 
 Year. Population. I Year. Population. 
 
 1838 22,589 1852 230,713 
 
 1840 43,115 ; 1854 326,013 
 
 1844 75,152 i 1856 519.055 
 
 1846 97,588 
 
 1847 116,651 
 
 1849 152,988 
 
 1850 191,982 
 
 1851 204,774 
 
 1859 638,775 
 
 1860 674,913 
 
 1863 701,732 
 
 1865 754,699 
 
 1867 902,040 
 
 Year. Population. 
 
 1869 1,040,819 
 
 1870 1,191,727 
 
 1873 1,251,333 
 
 1875 1,366,000 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 The most populous county in the State is Dubuque. Not only in popula.- 
 tion, but in everything contributing to the growth and greatness of a State has 
 Iowa made rapid progress. In a little more than thirty years, its wild but 
 beautiful prairies have advanced from the home of the savage to a highly civ- 
 ilized commonwealth, embracing all the elements of progress which characterize 
 the older States. 
 
186 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 Thriving cities and towns dot its fnir siufacc; an iron net-work of thou- 
 sands of miles of railroads is woven over its broad acres; ten thousand school 
 iiouses, in which more than five hundred thousand children are being taught 
 tlie rudiments of education, testify to the culture and liberality of the people; 
 high schools, colleges and universities are generously endowed by the State; 
 manufactories spring up on all her water courses, and in most of her cities 
 and towns. 
 
 Whether measured from the date of her first settlement, her organization as 
 a Territory or admission as a State, Iowa has thus far shown a growth unsur- 
 passed, in a similar period, by any commonwealth on the face of the earth ; 
 and, with her vast extent of fertile soil, with her inexhaustible treasures of 
 mineral wealth, with a healthful, invigorating climate; an intelligent, liberty- 
 loving people; with equal, just and liberal laws, and her free schools, the 
 future of Iowa may be expected to surpass the most hopeful anticipations of her 
 present citizens. 
 
 Looking upon Iowa as she is to-day — populous, prosperous and happy — it 
 is hard to realize the wonderful changes that have occurred since the first white 
 settlements were made within her borders. When the number of States was 
 only twenty-six, and their total population about twenty millions, our repub- 
 lican form of government was hardly more than an experiment, just fiiirly put 
 upon trial. The development of our agricultural resources and inexhaustible 
 mineral wealth had hardly commenced. Westward the '' Star of Empire " 
 had scarcely started on its way. West of the great Mississippi was a mighty 
 empire, but almost unknown, and marked on the maps of the period as " The 
 Great American Desert." 
 
 Now, thirty-eight stars glitter on our national escutcheon, and forty-five 
 millions of people, who know their rights and dare maintain them, tread 
 American soil, and the grand sisterhood of States extends from the Gulf of 
 .Mexico to the Canadian border, and from the rocky coast of the Atlantic to 
 the golden shores of Jie Pacific. 
 
 THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM. 
 
 Ames, Story County. 
 
 The Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm were established by au act 
 of the General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. A Board of Trustees was 
 appointed, consisting of Governor R. P. Lowe, John D. Wright, William Duane 
 Wilson, M. W. Robinson, Timothy Day, Richard Gaines, John Pattee, G. AV. 
 F. Sherwin, Suel Foster, S. W. Henderson, Clement Coffin and E. G. Day ; 
 the Governors of the State and President of the College being ex officio mem- 
 bers. Subsequently the number of Trustees was reduced to five. The Board 
 met in June, 1850, and received propositions for the location of the College aid 
 Farm from Hardin, Polk, Story and Boone, Marshall, Jefferson ;.nd Tama 
 Counties. In July, the proposition of Story County and some of its citizens 
 and by the citizens of Boone County was accepted, and the farm and the site 
 for the buildings were located. In 1860-61, the farm-house and barn were 
 erected. In 1862, Congress granted to the State 240,000 acres of land for the 
 endowment of schools of agriculture and the mechanical arts, and 105,000 acres 
 were located by Peter Melendy, Commissioner, in 1862-3. George W. Bassett 
 was appointed Land Agent for the institution. In 1864, the General Assem- 
 bly appropriated $20,000 for the erection of the college building. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 18T 
 
 In June of that year, the Building Committee, consisting of Suel Foster, 
 Peter Melendy and A. J. Bronson, proceeded to let the contract. John Browne, 
 of Des Moines, was employed as architect, and furnished the plans of the build- 
 ing, but Mas superseded in its construction by C. A. Dunham. The ^20,000 
 appropriated by the General Assembly were expended in putting in the foun- 
 dations and making the brick for the structure. An additional appropriation 
 of $91,000 was made in 1866, and the building was completed in 1868. 
 
 Tuition in this college is made by law forever free to pupils from the State 
 over sixteen years of age, who have been resident of the State six months pre- 
 vious to their admission. Each county in the State has a prior right of tuition 
 for three scholars fi'om each county ; the remainder, equal to the capacity of the 
 college, are by the Trustees distributed among the counties in proportion to the 
 population, and subject to the above rule. All sale of ardent spirits, wine or 
 beer are prohibited by law within a distance of three miles from the college, 
 except for sacramental, mechanical or medical purposes. 
 
 The course of instruction in the Agricultural College embraces the following 
 branches: Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Bot.iny, Horticulture, Fruit Growing, 
 Forestry, Animal and Vegetable Ajiatomy, Geology, Mineralogy, Meteorology, 
 Entomology, Zoology, the Veterinary Art, Plane Mensuration, Leveling, Sur- 
 veying, Bookkeeping, and such Mechanical Arts as are directly connected 
 with agriculture ; also such other studies as the Trustees may fi'om time to time 
 prescribe, not inconsistent with the purposes of the institution. 
 
 The funds arising from the lease and sale of lands and interest on invest- 
 ments are sufficient for the support of the institution. Several College Societies 
 are maintained among the students, who publish a monthly paper. There is 
 also an " out-law " called the " j\TA^ Chapter Omega." 
 
 The Board of Trustees in 1877 was composed of C. W. Warden, Ottumwa, 
 Chairman ; Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa City ; William B. Treadway, 
 Sioux City; Buel Sherman, Fredericksburg, and Laurel Summers, Le Claire. 
 E. W. Starten, Secretary ; William D. Lucas, Treasurer. 
 
 Board of Instruction. — A. S. Welch, LL. D., President and Professor of 
 Psychology and Philosophy of Science ; Gen. J. L. Geddes, Professor of INiili- 
 tary Tactics and Engineering; W. H. Wynn, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of 
 English Literature; C. E. Besscy, M. S., Professor of Botany, Zoology, Ento- 
 mology ; A. Thompson, C. E., Mechanical Engineering and Superintendent of 
 Workshops; F. E". L. Beal, B. S., Civil Engineering; T. E. Pope, A. M., 
 Chemistry; M. Stalker, Agricultural and Veterinary Science; J. L. Budd, 
 Horticulture ; J. K. Macomber, Physics ; E. W. Stanton, Mathematics and 
 Political Economy ; Mrs. Margaret P. Stanton, Preceptress, Instructor in 
 Fi'ench and Mathematics. 
 
 THE STATE UNIVERSITY. 
 
 Iowa City, Johnson County. 
 
 In the famous Ordinance of 1787, enacted by Congress before the Territory 
 of the United States extended beyond the Mississippi River, it was declared 
 that in all the territory northwest of the Ohio River, " Schools and the means 
 of education shall forever be encouraged." By act of Congress, approved July 
 20, 1840, the Secretary of the Treasury was authorized " to set apart and re- 
 serve from sale, out of any of the public lands within the Territory of Iowa, to 
 which the Indian title has been or may be extinguished, and not otherwise ap- 
 propriated, a quantity of land, not exceeding the entire townships, for the use 
 
188 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 and support of a university within said Territorry when it becomes a State, and 
 for no other use or purpose whatever ; to be located in tracts of not less than an 
 entire section, corresponding Avith any of the large divisions into Avhich the pub- 
 lic land are authorized to be surveyed." 
 
 William W. Dodge, of Scott County, was appointed by the Secretary of the 
 Treasury to make the selections. He selected Section 5 in Township 78, north 
 of Range 3, east of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and then removed from the 
 Territory. No more lands were selected until 184(3, when, at the request of the 
 Assembly, John M. Whitakerof A'an Buren County, was appointed, who selected 
 the remainder of the grant except about 122 acres. 
 
 In the first Constitution, under which Iowa was admitted to the Union, the 
 people directed the disposition of the proceeds of this munificent grant in ac- 
 cordance with its terms, and instructed the General Assembly to provide, as soon 
 as may be, effectual means for the improvement and permanent security of the 
 funds of the university derived from tiie lands. 
 
 The first General Assembly, by act approved February 25, 1817, established 
 the " State University of Iowa " at Iowa City, then the capital of the State, 
 "with such other branches as public convenience may hereafter require." 
 The " public buildings at Iowa City, together with the ten acres of land in which 
 they are situated," were granted for the use of said university, p7-ovid('d, how- 
 ever, that the sessions of the Legislature and State offices should be held in the 
 capitol until otherwise provided by law. The control and management of the 
 University were committed to a board of fifteen Trustees, to be appointed by the 
 Legislature, five of whom were to be chosen bienially. The Superintendent 
 of Public Instruction was made President of this Board. Provisions were made 
 for the disposal of the two townships of land, and for the investment of the funds 
 arising therefrom. The act further provides that the University shall never be 
 under the exclusive control of any religious denomination whatever," and as 
 soon as the revenue for the grant and donations amounts to $2,000 a year, the 
 University should commence and continue the instruction, free of charge, of fifty 
 students annually. The General Assembly retained full supervision over the 
 University, its officers and the grants and donations made and to be made to it 
 by the State. 
 
 Section 5 of the act appointed James P. Carleton, H. D. Downey, Thomas 
 Snyder, Samuel McCrory, Curtis Bates, Silas Foster, E. C. Lyon, James H. 
 Gower, George G. Vincent, Wm. G. Woodward, Theolore S. Parvin, George 
 Atchinson, S. G. Matson, H. W. Starr and Ansel Briggs, the first Board of 
 Trustees. 
 
 The organization of the LTniversity at Iowa City was impracticable, how- 
 ever, so long as the seat of government was retained there. 
 
 In January, 1849, two branches of the University and three Normal 
 Schools were established. The branches were located — one at Fairfield, and 
 the other at Dubuque, and were placed upon an equal footing, in respect to 
 iunds and all other matters, Avith the University established at Iowa City. 
 '•This act," says Col. Benton, "created three State Universities. Avith equal 
 fights and powers, instead of a 'University Avith such branches as public conven- 
 ience niaj/ hereafter demand,' as provided by the Constitution." 
 
 The Board of Directors of the Fairfield Branch consisted of Barnet Ris- 
 tine, Christian W. Slagle, Daniel Rider, Horace Gaylord, Bernhart Henn and 
 Samuel S. Bayard. At the first meeting of the Board, Mr. Henn was elected 
 President, Mr. Slagle Secretary, and Air. Gaylord Treasurer. Twenty acres 
 of land Avere purchased, and a buihling erected therein, costing $2,500. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 189 
 
 This building was nearly destroyed by a hurricane, in 1850, but was rebuilt 
 more substantially, all by contributions of the citizens of Fairfield. This 
 branch never received any aid from the State or from the University Fund, 
 and by act approved January 24, 1853, at the request of the Board, the Gen- 
 eral Assembly terminated its relation to the State. 
 
 The branch at Dubuque was placed under the control of the Superintendent 
 of Public Instruction, and John King, Caleb H. Booth, James M. Emerson, 
 Michael J. Sullivan, Richard Benson and the Governor of the State as 
 Trustees. The Trustees never organized, and its existence was only nominal. 
 
 The Normal Schools were located at Andrew, Oskaloosa and Mount 
 Pleasant, respectively. Each was to be governed by a board of seven Trustees, to 
 be appointed by the Trustees of the University. Each was to receive $500 annu- 
 ally from the income of the University Fund, upon condition that they should ed- 
 ucate eight common school teachers, free of charge for tuition, and tliat the citizens 
 should contribute an equal sum for the erection of the requisite buildings. 
 The several Boards of Trustees were appointed. At Andrew, the school was 
 organized Nov. 21, 1849; Samuel Ray, Principal; Miss J. S. Dorr, Assist- 
 ant. A building was commenced and over $1,000 expended on it, but it was 
 never completed. At Oskaloosa, the Trustees organized in April, 1852. This 
 school was opened in the Court House, September 13, 1852, under the charge 
 of Prof. G. M. Drake and wife. A two story brick building was completed in 
 1853, costing $2,473. The school at Mount Pleasant was never organized. 
 Neither of these schools received any aid from the University Fund, but in 
 1857 the Legislature appropriated $1,000 each for those at Oskaloosa and 
 Andrew, and repealed the law authorizing the payment of money to them from 
 the University Fund. From that time they made no further effort to 
 continue in operation. 
 
 At a special meeting of the Board of Trustees, held February 21, 1850, 
 the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Upper Mississippi," established 
 at Davenport, was recognized as the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
 the State University of Iowa," expressly stipulating, however, that such recog- 
 nition should not render the University liable for any pecuniary aid, nor was 
 the Board to have any control over the property or management of the Medical 
 Association. Soon after, this College was removed to Keokuk, its second ses- 
 sion being opened there in November, 1850. In 1851, the General Assembly 
 confirmed the action of the Board, and by act approved January 22, 1855, 
 placed the Medical College under the supervision of the Board of Trustees of 
 the University, and it continued in operation until this arrangement was termi- 
 nated by the new Constitution, September 3, 1857. 
 
 From 1847 to 1855, the Board of Trustees was kept full by regular elec- 
 tions by the Legislature, and the Trustees held frequent meetings, but there was 
 no effectual organization of the University. In March, 1855, it was partially 
 opened for a term of sixteen weeks. July 16, 1855, Amos Dean, of Albany, 
 N. Y., was elected President, but he never entered fully upon its duties. The 
 University was again opened in September, 1855, and continued in operation 
 until June, 1856, under Professors Johnson, Welton, Van Valkenburg and 
 Guffin. 
 
 In the Spring of 1856, the capital of the State was located at Des Moines; 
 but there Avere no buildings there, and the capitol at Iowa City Avas not vacated 
 by the State until December, 1857. 
 
 In June, 1856, the faculty was re-organized, with some changes, and the 
 University was again opened on the third Wednesday of September, 1856. 
 
190 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 There were one hundred and twenty-four students — eighty-three males and 
 forty-one females — in attendance during the year 1856-7, and the first regular 
 catalogue was published. 
 
 At a special meeting of the Board, September 22, 1857, the honorary de- 
 gree of Bachelor of Arts was conferrei on D. Franklin Wells. This was the 
 first degree conferred by the Board. 
 
 Article IX, Section 11, of the new State Constitution, which w^ent into force 
 September 3, 1857, provided as follows : 
 
 The State TJniversify shall be established at one place, without branches at any other place ; 
 and the University fund shall be applied to that institution, and no other. 
 
 Article XI, Section 8, provided that 
 
 The seat of Government is hereby permanently established, as now fixed by law, at the city 
 of Des Moines, in the county of Polk ; and the State University at Iowa City, in the county of 
 Johnson. 
 
 The new Constitution created the Board of Education, consisting of the 
 Lieutenant Governor, who was ex ofiicio President, and one member to be elected 
 from each judicial district in the State. This Board was endowed with 
 '■full power and authority to legislate and make all needful rules and regula- 
 tions in relation to common schools and other educational institutions," subject 
 to alteration, amendment or repeal by the General Assembly, which was vested 
 with authority to abolish or re-organize the Board at any time after 1863. 
 
 In December, 1857, the old capitol building, now known as Central Hall of 
 the University, except the rooms occupied by the United States District Court, 
 and the property, with that exception, passed under the control of the Trustees, 
 and became the seat of the University. The old building had had hard usage, 
 and its arrangement was illy adapted for University purposes. Extensive repairs 
 and changes were necessary, but the Board was without funds for these pur- 
 poses. 
 
 The last meeting of the Board, under the old law, was held in January, 
 1858. At this meeting, a resolution was introduced, and seriously considered, 
 to exclude females from the University; but it finally failed. 
 
 March 12, 1858, the first Legislature under the new Constitution enacted 
 a new law in relation to the L^niversity, but it was not materially different from 
 the former. March 11, 1858, the Legislature appropriated ^3,000 for the re- 
 pair and modification of the old capitol building, and $10,000 for the erection 
 of a boarding house, now known as South Hall. 
 
 The Board of Trustees created by the new law met and duly organized 
 April 27, 1858, and determined to close the L'niversity until the income from its 
 fund should be adequate to meet the current expenses, and the buildings should 
 be ready for occupation. Until this term, the building known as the " Mechan- 
 ics' Academy" had been used for the school. The Faculty, except the Chan- 
 cellor (Dean), was dismissed, and all further instruction suspended, from the close 
 of the term then in progress until September, 1859. At this meeting, a reso- 
 lution was adopted excluding females from the University after the close of the 
 existing term ; but this was afterward, in August, modified, so as to admit them 
 to the Normal Department. 
 
 At the meeting of the Board, August 4, 1858, the degree of Bachelor of 
 Science was conferred upon Dexter Edson Smith, being the first degree con- 
 c'-red upon a student of the University. Diplomas were awarded to the meni- 
 ■^ers of the first graduating class of the Normal Department as follows : Levi 
 h Aylworth, Cellina II. Aylworth, Elizabeth L. Humphrey, Annie A. Finney 
 and Sylvia M. Thompson. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 101 
 
 An "Act for the Government and Regulation of the State University of 
 Iowa," approved December 25, 1858, was mainlj a re-enactment of the law of 
 March 12, 1858, except that changes were made in the Board of Trustees, and 
 manner of their appointment. This law provided that both sexes Avere to be 
 admitted on equal terms to all departments of the institution, leaving the Board 
 no discretion in the matter. 
 
 The new Board met and organized, February 2, 1859, and decided to con- 
 tinue the Normal Department only to the end of the current term, and that it 
 was unwise to re-open the University at that time; but at the annual meeting 
 of the Board, in June of the same year, it w^as resolved to continue the Normal 
 Department in operation ; and at a special meeting, October 25, 1859, it was 
 decided to re-open the University in September, 18<i0. Mr. Dean had resigned 
 as Chancellor prior to this meeting, and Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D., was elected 
 President, at a salary of $2,000, and his term commenced June, 1860. 
 
 At the annual meeting, June 28, 1860, a full Faculty was appointed, and 
 the University re-opened, under this new organization, September 19, 1860 
 (third Wednesday) ; and at this date the actual existence of the University may 
 be said to commence. 
 
 August 19, 1862, Dr. Totten having resigned. Prof Oliver M. Spencer 
 was elected President and the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred 
 upon Judge Samuel F. Miller, of Keokuk. 
 
 At the commencement, in June, 1863, was the first class of graduates in 
 the Collegiate Department. 
 
 The Board of Education was abolished March 19, 1864, and the office of 
 Superintendent of PubLc Instruction was restored ; the General Assembly 
 resumed control of the subject of education, and on March 21, an act was ap- 
 proved for the government of the University. It was substantially the same as 
 the former law, but provided that the Governor should be ex officio President of 
 the Board of Trustees. Until 1858, the Superintendent of Public Instruction 
 had been ex officio President. During the period of the Board of Education, 
 the University Trustees were elected by it, and elected their own President. 
 
 President Spencer was granted leave of absence from April 10, 1866, for 
 fifteen months, to visit Europe; and Prof Nathan R. Leonard was elected 
 President p?-o tcm. 
 
 The North Hall was completed late in 1866. 
 
 At the annual meeting in June, 1867, the resignation of President Spencer 
 {absent in Europe) was accepted, and Prof Leonard continued as Piesident jf^ro 
 tern., until March 4, 1868, when James Black, D. D., Vice President of Wash- 
 ington and Jeiferson College, Penn., was elected President. Dr. Black entered 
 upon his duties in September, 1868. 
 
 The Law Department was established in June, 1868, and, in September fol- 
 lowing, an arrangement was perfected Avitli the Iowa Law School, at Des Moines, 
 which h;i 1 been in successful operation for three years, under tiie management 
 of Messrs. George G. Wright, Chester C. Cole and William G. Hammond, by 
 which that institution was transferred to Iowa City and merged in the Law De- 
 partment of the University. The Faculty of this department consisted of the 
 President of the University, Hon. Wm. G. Hammond, Resident Professor and 
 Principal of the Department, and Professors G. G. Wright and C. C. Cole. 
 
 Nine students entered at the commencement of the first term, and during 
 the year ending June, 1877, there w^ere 103 students in this department. 
 
 At a special meeting of the Board, on the 17th of September, 1868, a Com- 
 mittee was appointed to consider the expediency of establishing a Medical De- 
 
192 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 partment. This Committee reported at once in favor of the proposition, the 
 Faculty to consist of the President of the University and seven Professors, and 
 recommended that, if practicable, the new department should be opened at the 
 commencement of the University year, in 1869-70. At this meeting, Hon. 
 Ezekiel Clark was elected Treasurer of the University. 
 
 By an act of the General Assembly, approved April 11, 1870, the "Board 
 of Regents " was instituted as the governing power of the University, and since 
 that time it has been the fundamental law of the institution. The Board of 
 Regents held its first meeting June 28, 1870. Wm. J. Haddock was elected 
 Secretary, and Mr. Clark, Treasurer. 
 
 Dr. Black tendered his resignation as President, at a special meeting of the 
 Board, held August 18, 1870, to take effect on the 1st of December following. 
 His resignation was accepted. 
 
 The South Hall having been fitted up for the purpose, the first term of the 
 Medical Department was opened October 24, 1870, and continued until March, 
 1871, at which time there were three graduates and thirty-nine students. 
 
 March 1, 1871, Rev. George Thacher was elected President of the Univer- 
 sity. Mr. Thacher accepted, entered upon his duties April 1st, and was form- 
 ally inaugurated at the annual meeting in June, 1861. 
 
 In Juno, 1874, the " Chair of Military Instruction" was established, and 
 the President of the United States was requested to detail an officer to perform 
 its duties. In compliance with this request, Lieut. A. D. Schenck, Second Artil- 
 lery, U. S. A., was detailed as "Professor of Military Science and Tactics," 
 at Iowa State University, by order of the War Department, August 26, 1874, 
 who reported for duty on the 10th of September following. Lieut. Sclienck 
 was relieved by Lieut. James Chester, Third Artillery, January 1, 1877. 
 
 Treasurer Clark resigned November 3, 1875, and John N. Coldren elected 
 in his stead. 
 
 At the annual meeting, in 1876, a Department of Homoeopathy was 
 established. 
 
 In March, 1877, a resolution was adopted affiliating the High Schools of 
 the State with the University. 
 
 In June, 1877, Dr. Thacher's connection with the University was termi- 
 nated, and C. W. Slagle, a member of the Board of Regents, was elected Pres- 
 ident. 
 
 In 1872, the ex officio membership of the Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
 tion was abolished ; but it was restored in 1876. Following is a catalogue of 
 the officers of this important institution, from 1847 to 1878 : 
 
 TRUSTEES OR REGENTS. 
 
 PRESIDENTS. 
 
 FROM TO 
 
 James Harlan, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1847 1848 
 
 Thomas H. Benton, Jr,, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1843 18-54 
 
 James D. Eads, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1854 1857 
 
 Maturin L. Fisher, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 18.')7 18")8 
 
 Amos Dean, Chancellor, ex officio 1858 1859 
 
 Thomas II. Benton, Jr 1859 18(13 
 
 Francis Springer 1863 1804 
 
 William M. Stone, Governor, ex officio 1864 1868 
 
 Samuel Merrill, Governor, ex officio 1868 1872 
 
 Cyrus C. Carpenter, Governor, ex officio 1872 1876 
 
 Samuel J. Kirkwood, Governor, ex officio Ifi76 1877 
 
 Joshua G. Newbold, Governor, ex officio 1877 1878 
 
 John H. Gear 1878 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 193 
 
 VICE PRESIDENTS. FROM TO 
 
 Silas Foster 1847 1851 
 
 Robert Lucas 1851 1853 
 
 Edward Connelly 1854 1855 
 
 Moses J. Morsman 1855 1858 
 
 SECRETARIES, 
 
 Hugh D Downey 1847 1851 
 
 AnsoQ Hart 1851 1857 
 
 Elijah Sells 1857 1858 
 
 An'on Hart 1858 1864 
 
 William J. Haddock 1864 
 
 TREASURERS. 
 
 Morgan Reno, State Treasurer, ex officio 1847 1850 
 
 Israel Kister, State Treasurer, ex officio 1850 1852 
 
 Martin L. Morris, State Treasurer, ex officio 1852 1855 
 
 Henry W. Lathrop 1855 1862 
 
 William Crum 1862 1868 
 
 Ezekiel Clark 1868 1876 
 
 John N. Coldren 1876 
 
 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 
 
 Amos Dean, LL. D 1855 1858 
 
 Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D 1860 1862 
 
 Oliver M. Spencer, D. D.* 1862 1867 
 
 James Black, D. D 1868 1870 
 
 George Thacher, D. D 1871 1877 
 
 C. W. Slagle 1877 
 
 The present educational corps of the University consists of the President, 
 nine Professors in the Collegiate Department, one Professor and six Instructors 
 in Military Science ; Chancellor, three Professors and four Lecturers in the 
 Law Department ; eight Professor Demonstrators of Anatomy ; Prosector of 
 Surgery and two Lecturers in the Medical Department, and two Professors in 
 the Homoeopathic Medical Department. 
 
 STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 By act of the General Assembly, approved January 28, 1857, a State His- 
 torical Society was provided for in connection with the University. At the 
 commencement, an appropriation of $250 was made, to be expended in collecting, 
 embodying, and preserving in an authentic form a library of books, pamphlets, 
 charts, maps, manuscripts, papers, paintings, statuary, and other materials illus- 
 trative of the history of Iowa; and with the further object to rescue from 
 oblivion the memory of the early pioneers ; to obtain and preserve various 
 accounts of their exploits, perils and hardy adventures ; to secure facts and 
 statements relative to the history and genius, and progress and decay of the 
 Indian tribes of Iowa; to exhibit faithfully the antiquities and past and present 
 resources of the State ; to aid in the publication of such collections of the Society 
 as shall from time to time be deemed of value and interest ; to aid in binding 
 its books, pamphlets, manuscripts and papers, and in defraying other necessary 
 incidental expenses of the Society. 
 
 There was appropriated by law to this institution, till the General Assembly 
 shall otherwise direct, the sum of $500 per annum. The Society is under the 
 management of a Board of Curators, consisting of eighteen persons, nine of 
 whom are appointed by the Governor, and nine elected by the members of the 
 Society. The Curators receive no compensation for their services. The annual 
 
194: HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 meeting is provided for by law, to be held at Iowa City on Monday preceding 
 the last "Wednesday in June of each year. 
 
 The State Historical Society lias published a series of very valuable collec- 
 tions, including history, biography, sketches, reminiscences, etc., with quite a 
 large number of finely engraved portraits of prominent and early settlers, under 
 the title of " Annals of Iowa." 
 
 THE PENITENTIARY. 
 
 Located at Fort Madison, Lee County. 
 
 The first act of the Territorial Legislature, relating to a Penitentiary in 
 Iowa, was approved January 25, 1839, the fifth section of which authorized the 
 Governor to draw the sum of $20,000 appropriated by an act of Congre>s ap- 
 proved July 7, 1838, for public buildings in the Territory of Iowa. It provided 
 for a Board of Directors of three persons elected by the Legislature, who should 
 direct the building of the Penitentiary, which should be located within one mile 
 of the public square, in the town of Fort iNIadison, Lee County, provided Fort 
 Madison should deed to the directors a tract of land suitable for a site, and assign 
 them, by contract, a spring or stream of water for the use of the Penitentiary. 
 To the Directors Avas also given the power of appointing the Warden : the latter 
 to appoint his own assistants. 
 
 The first Directors appointed were John S. David and John Claypole. They 
 made their first report to the Legislative Council November 9, 1839. The citi- 
 zens of the town of Fort Madison had executed a deed conveying ten acres of 
 land for the building site. Amos Ladd was appointed Superintendent of the 
 building June 5, 1839. The building Avas designed of sufficient capacity to con- 
 tain one hundred and thirty-eight convicts, and estimated to cost $o<5.933.90. 
 It was begun on the 9th of July, 1839 ; the main building and Warden's house 
 were completed in the Fall of 1841. Other additions Avere made from time to 
 time till the building and arrangements were all complete a(;cordiiig to the plan 
 of the Directors. It has answered the purpose of the State as a Penitentiary 
 for more than thirty years, and during that period many items of practical ex- 
 perience in prison management have been gained. 
 
 It has long been a problem how to conduct prisons, and deal with what are 
 called the criminal classes generally, so as to secure their best good and best 
 subserve the interests of the State. Both objects must be taken into considera- 
 tion in any humaritarian view of the subject. This problem is not yet solved, 
 but Iowa has adopted the progressive and enlightened policy of liumane treat- 
 ment of prisoners and the utilization of their labor for their own support. The 
 labor of the convicts in the Iowa Penitentiary, as in most others in the United 
 States, is let out to contractors, who pay the State a certain stipulated amount 
 therefor, the State furnishing the shops, tools and machinery, as wtll as the 
 supervision necessary to preserve order and discipline in the prison. 
 
 While this is an improvement upon the old solitary confinement system, it 
 still falls short of an enlightened reformatory system that in the future will 
 treat the criminal for mental disease and endeavor to restore him to usefulness 
 in the community. The objections urged against the contract system of dis- 
 posing of the labor of prisoners, that it brings the labor of honest citizens into 
 competition with convict labor at reduced prices, and is disadvantageous to the 
 State, are not without force, and the system will have no place in the prisons of 
 the future. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 195 
 
 It is rii:jht that the convict shouhl labor. lie should not be allowed to live 
 in idloncss'at public expense. Honest men labor ; why should not they? Hon- 
 est men are entitled to the fruits of their toil ; why should not the convict as 
 well ? The convict is sent to the Penitentiary to secure public safety. The 
 State deprives him of his liberty to accomplish this purpose and to punish him 
 for violations of law, but, having done this, the State wrongs both itself and the 
 criminal by confiscating his earnings ; because it deprives his family of what 
 justly belongs to them, and an enlightened civilization will ere long demand 
 that the prisoner in the penitentiary, after paying a fair price for his board, is 
 as justly entitled to his net earnings as the good citizen outside its walls, and 
 his family, if he has one, should be entitled to draw his earnings or stated portion 
 of them at stated periods. If he has no family, then if his net earnings should 
 be set aside to his credit and paid over to him at the expiration of his term of 
 imprisonment, he would notbe turned out upon the cold charities of a somewhat 
 Pharisaical world, penniless, with the brand of the convict upon his brow, Avith 
 no resource save to sink still deeper in crime. Let Iowa, " The Beautiful Land," 
 be first to recognize the rights of its convicts to the fruits of their labor ; keep 
 their children from the alms-house, and place a powerful incentive before them 
 to become good citizens when they return to the busy world again. 
 
 ADDITIONAL PENITENTIARY. 
 
 Located at Anamosa, Jones Counts/. 
 
 By an act of the Fourteenth General Assembly, approved April 23, 1872, 
 William Ure, Foster L. Downing and Martin Heisey were constituted Commis- 
 sioners to locate and provide for the erection and control of an additional 
 Penitentiary for the State of Iowa. These Commissioners met on the 4th of 
 the following June, at Anamosa, Jones County, and selected a site donated by 
 the citizens, within the limits of the city. L. W. Foster & Co., architects, of 
 Des Moines, furnished the plan, drawings and specifications, and work was 
 commenced on the building on the 28th day of September, 1872. May 13, 
 1873, twenty convicts were transferred to Anamosa from the Fort Madison 
 Penitentiary. The entire enclosure includes fifteen acres, with a frontage of 
 663 feet. 
 
 IOWA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 
 
 Mount Pleasant^ Henry Cou7ity. 
 
 By an act of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 24, 1855, 
 $4,425 were appropriated for the purchase of a site, and $50,000 for building 
 an Insane Hospital, and the Governor (Grimes), Edward Johnston, of Lee 
 County, and Charles S. Blake, of Henry County, were appointed to locate the 
 institution and superintend the erection of the building. These Commission- 
 ers located the institution at Mt. Pleasant, Henry County. A plan for a 
 building designed to accommodate 300 patients, drawn by Dr. Bell, of Massa- 
 chusetts, was accepted, and in October Avork was commenced under the superin- 
 tendence of Mr. Henry Winslow. Up to February 25, 1858, and including an 
 appropriation made on that date, the Legislature had appropriated $258,555.67 
 to this institution, but the building was not finished ready for occupancy by 
 patients until March 1, 1861. The Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Presi- 
 dent, Farmersburg; Samuel McFarland, Secretary, Mt. Pleasant; D. L. 
 
196 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 McGugin, Keokuk; G. W. Kincaid, Muscatine; J. D. Elbert, Keosauqua; 
 John B. Lash and Harpin Riggs, Mt. Pleasant. Richard J. Patterson, M. D., 
 of Ohio, was elected Superintendent; Dwight C. Dewey, M. D., Assistant 
 Physician; Henry Winslow, Steward; Mrs. Catharine Winslow, Matron, 
 The Hospital was formally opened March 6, 1861, and one hundred patients 
 were admitted within three months. About 1865, Dr. Mark Ranney became 
 Superintendent. April 18, 1876, a portion of the hospital building was 
 destroyed by fire. From the opening of the Hospital to the close of October, 
 1877, 3,584 patients had been admitted. Of these, 1,141 were discharged 
 recovered, 505 discharged improved, 589 discharged unimproved, and 1 died ; 
 total discharged, 2,976, leaving 608 inmates. During this period, there were 
 1,384 females admitted, whose occupation was registered "domestic duties ;" 
 122, no occupation; 25, female teachers; 11, seamstresses: and 25, servants. 
 Among the males were 916 farmers, 394 laborers, 205 without occupation, 39 
 cabinet makers, 23 brewers, 31 clerks, 26 merchants, 12 preachers, 18 shoe- 
 makers, 13 students, 14 tailors, 13 teachers, 14 agents, 17 masons, 7 lawyers, 
 7 "physicians, 4 saloon keepers, 3 salesmen, 2 artists, and 1 editor. The pro- 
 ducts of the farm and garden, in 1876, amounted to $13,721.26. 
 
 Trustees. 1S77 :—T. Whiting, President, Mt. Pleasant; Mrs. E. M. Elliott, 
 Secretary, Mt. Pleasant ; AVilliam C. Evans, West Liberty ; L. E. Fellows, 
 Lansing ; and Samuel Klein, Keokuk ; Treasurer, M. Edwards, Mt. Pleasant. 
 
 Resident Officers: — Mark Ranney, M. D., Medical Superintendent; H. M. 
 Bassett, M. D.. First Assistant Physician; M. Riordan, M. D., Second Assistant 
 Physician; Jennie McCowen, M. D., Third Assistant Physician ; J. W. Hender- 
 son, Steward ; Mrs. Martha W. Ranney, Matron ; Rev. Milton Sutton, 
 Chaplain. 
 
 HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 
 Independence, Buchanan County. 
 
 In the Winter of 1867-8, a bill providing for an additional Hospital for the 
 Insane was passed by the Legislature, and an appropriation of $125,000 was 
 made for that purpose. Maturin L. Fisher, of Clayton County ; E. G. Morgan, 
 of Webster County, and Albert Clark, of Buchanan County, wei'e appointed 
 Commissioners to locate and supervise the erection of the Building. Mr. Clark 
 died about a year after his appointment, and Hon. G. W. Bemis, of Indepen- 
 dence, was appointed to fill the vacancy. 
 
 The Commissioners met and commenced their labors on the 8th day of 
 June, 1868, at Independence. The act under which they were appointed 
 required them to select the most eligible and desirable location, of not less than 
 320 acres, within two miles of the city of Independence, that might be off'ered 
 by the citizens free of charge to the State. Several such tracts Avere offered, 
 but the Commissioners finally selected the south half of southwest (juarter of 
 Section 5 ; the north half of northeast quarter of Section 7 ; the north half of 
 northwest quarter of Section 8, and the north half of northeast quarter of Sec- 
 tion 8, all in Township 88 north. Range 9 west of the Fifth Principal Meridian. 
 This location is on the west side of the Wapsipinicon River, and about a mile 
 from its banks, and about the same distance from Independence. 
 
 Col. S. V. Shipman, of Madison, W^is., was employed to prepare plans, 
 specifications and drawings of the building, which, when completed, were sub- 
 mitted to Dr. M. Ranney, Superintendent of the Hospital at Mount Pleasant, 
 who suggested several improvements. The contract for erecting the building 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 197 
 
 was awarded to Mr. David Armstrong, of Dubuque, for $88,114. The con- 
 tract was signed November 7, 1868, and Mr. Armstrong at once commenced 
 work. Mr. George Josseljn was appointed to superintend the work. The 
 main buildings were constructed of dressed limestone, from the quarries at 
 Anamosa and Farley. The basements are of the local granite worked from the 
 immense boulders found in large quantities in this portion of the State. 
 
 In 1872, the building was so far completed that the Commissioners called 
 the first meeting of the Trustees, on the 10th day of July of that year. These 
 Trustees Avere Maturin L. Fisher, Mrs. P. A. Appleraan, T. W. Fawcett, C. 
 C. Parker, E. G. Morgan, George W. Bemis and John M. Boggs. This board 
 was organized, on the day above mentioned, by the election of Hon. M. L. 
 Fisher, President ; Rev. J. G. Boggs, Secretary, and George W. Bemis, Treas- 
 urer, and, after adopting preliminary measures for organizing the local govern- 
 ment of the hospital, adjourned to the first Wednesday of the following Septem- 
 ber. A few days before this meeting, Mr. Boggs died of malignant fever, 
 and Dr. John G. House was appointed to fill the vacancy. Dr. House was 
 elected Secretary. " At this meeting, Albert Reynolds, M. D., was elected 
 Superintendent; George Josselyn, Steward, and Mrs. Anna B. Josselyn, 
 Matron. September 4, 1873, Dr. Willis Butterfield was elected Assistant 
 Physician. The building Avas ready for occupancy April 21, 1873. 
 
 In the Spring of 1876, a contract was made with Messrs. Mackay & Lundy, 
 of Independence, for furnishing materials for building the outside walls of the 
 two first sections of the south wing, next to the center building, for $6,250. 
 The carpenter work on the fourth and fifth stories of the center building was 
 completed during the same year, and the wards were furnished and occupied by 
 patients in the Fall. 
 
 In 1877, the south wing was built, but it will not be completed ready for 
 occupancy until next Spring or Summer (1878). 
 
 October 1, 1877, the Superintendent reported 322 patients in this hospital, 
 and it is now overcrowded. 
 
 The Board of Trustees at present (1878) are as follows : Maturin L, 
 Fisher, President, Farmersburg; John G. House, M. D., Secretary, Indepen- 
 dence ; Wm. G. Donnan, Treasurer, Independence ; Erastus G. Morgan, Fort 
 Dodge ; Mrs. Prudence A. Appleman, Clermont ; and Stephen E. Robinson, 
 M. D., West Union. 
 
 RESIDENT OFFICERS. 
 
 Albert Reynolds, M. D., Superintendent ; G. H. Hill, M. D., Assistant 
 Physician; Noyes Appleman, Steward; Mrs. Lucy M. Gray, Matron. 
 
 IOWA COLLEGE FOR THE BLIND. 
 
 Vinton, Benton County. 
 
 In August, 1852, Prof. Samuel Bacon, himself blind, established an Insti- 
 tution for the Instruction of the Blind of Iowa, at Keokuk. 
 
 By act of the General Assembly, entitled " An act to establish an Asylum 
 for the Blind," approved January 18, 1853, the institution was adopted by the 
 State, removed to Iowa City, February 3d, and opened for the reception of pupils 
 April 4, 1853, free to all the blind in the State. 
 
 The first Board of Trustees were James D. Eads, President ; George W. 
 McClary, Secretary; James H. Gower, Treasurer; Martin L. Morris, Stephen 
 Hempstead, Morgan Reno and John McCaddon. The Board appointed Prof, 
 
198 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 Samuel Bacon, Principal ; T. J. McGittigen, Teacher of Music, and Mrs. Sarah 
 K. Bacon, Matron. Twenty-three pupils Avere admitted during the first term. 
 
 In his first report, made in 1854, Prof. Bacon suggested that the name 
 should be clianged from " Asylum for the Blind," to that of " Institution for 
 the Instruction of the Blind." This was done in 1855, when the General As- 
 sembly made an annual appropriation for the College of ^55 per quarter for 
 each puj>il. This was subsequently changed to $8,000 per annum, and a charge 
 of $25 as an admission fee for each pupil, which sura, with the amounts realized 
 from the sale of articles manufactured by the blind pupils, proved sufficient for 
 the expenses of the institution during Mr. Bacon's administration. Although 
 Mr. Bacon was blind, he was a fine scholar and an economical manager, and 
 had founded the Blind Asylum at Jacksonville, Illinois. As a mathematician 
 he had few superiors. 
 
 On the 8th of May, 1858, the Trustees met at Vinton, and made arrange- 
 ments for securing the donation of $5,000 made by the citizens of that town. 
 
 In June of that year, a quarter section of land was donated for the College, 
 by John W. 0. Webb and others, and the Trustees adopted a plan for the 
 erection of a suitable building. In 1860, the plan was modified, and the con- 
 tract for enclosing let to Messrs. Finkbine & Lovelace, for $10,420. 
 
 In August, 1862, the building Avas so far completed that the goods and fur- 
 niture of the institution were removed from Iowa City to Vinton, and early in 
 October, the school was opened there with twenty-four pupils. At this time, 
 Rev. Orlando Clark was Principal. 
 
 In August, 1864, a new Board of Trustees were appointed by the Legisla- 
 ture, consisting of James McQuin, President; Reed Wilkinson, Secretary; Jas. 
 Chapin, Treasurer; Robert Gilchrist, Elijah Sells and Joseph Dysart, organized 
 and made important changes. Rev. Reed Wilkinson succeeded Mr. Clark as 
 Principal. Mrs. L. S. B. Wilkinson and Miss Amelia Butler were appointed 
 Assistant Teachers ; Mrs. N. A. Morton, Matron. 
 
 Mr. Wilkinson resigned in June, 1867, and Gen. James L. Geddes was 
 appointed in his place. In September, 1860, Mr. Geddes retired, and was 
 succeeded by Prof. S. A.Knapp. Mrs. S. C. Lawton was appointed Matron, 
 and was succeeded by Mrs. M. A. Knapp. Prof. Knapp resigned July 1, 
 
 1875, and Prof. Orlando Clark was elected Principal, who died April 2, 
 
 1876, and was succeeded by John B. Parmalee, who retired in July, 1877, 
 when the present incumbent. Rev. Robert Carothers, was elected. 
 
 Trustees, 1S77-S. — Jeremiah L. Gay, President; S. H.Watson, Treasurer; 
 H. C. Piatt, Jacob Springer, C. L. Flint and P. F. Sturgis. 
 
 Faculty. — Principal, Rev. Robert Carothers, A. M. ; Matron, Mrs. Emeline 
 E. Carothers; Teachers, Thomas F. McCune, A. B., Miss Grace A. Hill, 
 Mrs. C. A. Spencer, Miss Mary Baker, Miss C. R. Miller, Miss Lorana Mat- 
 tice, Miss A. M. McCutcheon ; Musical Director, S. 0. Spencer. 
 
 The Legislative Committee who visited this institution in 1878 expressed 
 their astonishment at the vast expenditure of money in proportion to the needs 
 of the State. The structure is well built, and the money properly expended ; 
 yet it was enormously beyond the necessities of the State, and shows an utter 
 disregard of the fitness of things. The Committee could not understand why 
 $282,000 should have been expended for a massive building covering about two 
 and a half acres for the accommodation of 130 people, costing over eight thou- 
 sand ddlars a year to heat it, and costing the State about five hundred dollars 
 a year for each pupil. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 199 
 
 INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. 
 
 Council Bluffs, Pottawattomie County. 
 
 The Iowa Institution for the Deaf and Dumb was established at Iowa City 
 by an act of the General Assembly, approved January 24, 1855. The number 
 of deaf mutes then in the State was 301 ; the number attending the Institution, 
 50. The first Bonrd of Trustees were: Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Hon. E. 
 Sells, W. Penn Clarke, J. P. Wojd, H. D. Downey, William Crum, W. E. 
 Ijams, Principal, On the resignation of Mr. Ijams, in 1862, the Board 
 appointed in his stead Mr. Benjamin Talbot, for nine years a teacher in the 
 Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Mr. Talbot was ardently devoted to 
 the interests of the institution and a faithful worker for the unfortunate class 
 under his charge. 
 
 A strong effort was made, in 1866, to remove this important institution to 
 Des Moines, but it was located permanently at Council Bluffs, and a building 
 rented for its use. In 1868, Commissioners were appointed to locate a site for, 
 and to superintend the erection of, a ncAV building, for Avhich the Legislature 
 appropriated $125,000 to commence the work of construction. The Commis- 
 sioners selected ninety acres of land about two miles south of the city of Coun- 
 cil Bluffs. The main building and one wing were completed October 1, 1870, 
 and immediately occupied by the Institution. February 25, 1877, the main 
 building and east wing were destroyed by fire; and August 6 following, the 
 roof of the new west wing was blown off and the walls partially demolished by 
 a tornado. At the time of the fire, about one hundred and fifty pupils were in 
 attendance. After the fire, half the classes were dismissed and the number of 
 scholars reduced to about seventy, and in a week or two the school was in run- 
 ning order. 
 
 The Legislative Committee which visited this Institution in the Winter of 
 1857-8 was not well pleased with the condition of affairs, and reported that the 
 building (west wing) was a disgrace to the State and a monument of unskillful 
 workmanship, and intimated rather strongly that some reforms in management 
 were very essential. 
 
 Trustees, 1877-8. — Thomas Officer, President ; N. P. Dodge, Treasurer ; 
 Paul Lange, William Orr, J. W. Cattell. 
 
 Superintendent, Benjamin Talbot, M. A, Teachers, Edwin South wick, 
 Conrad S. Zorbaugh, John A. Gillespie, John A. Kennedy, Ellen J. Israel, 
 Ella J. Brown, Mrs. H. R. Gillespie ; Physician, H. W. Hart, M. D.; Steward, 
 N. A. Taylor; Matron, Mary B. Swan. 
 
 SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOMES. 
 
 Davenport, Cedar Falls, Grlemvood. 
 
 The movement which culminated in the establishment of this beneficent in- 
 stitution was originated by Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, during the civil war of 
 1861-65. This noble and patriotic lady called a convention at Muscatine, on 
 the 7th of October 1863, for the purpose of devising measures for the support 
 and education of the orphan children of the brave sons of Iowa, Avho had fallen 
 in defense of national honor and integrity. So great was the public interest in 
 the movement that there was a large representation from all parts of the State 
 on the day named, and an association was organized called the Iowa State Or- 
 phan Asylum. 
 
200 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 The first officers were : President, William M. Stone ; A'ice Presidents, Mrs. 
 G. G. Wright, Mrs. R. L. Cadle, Mrs. J. T. Hancock, Jchn R. Needliam, J. W. 
 Cattell, Mrs. Mary M. Bagg ; Recording Secretary, Miss Mary Kibben ; Cor- 
 responding Secretary, Miss M. E. Shelton ; Treasurer, N. H. Brainerd; Board 
 of Trustees, Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, Mrs. C. B. Darwin, Mrs. D. T. Newcomb, 
 Mrs. L. B. Stephens, 0. Fayville, E. H. Williams, T. S. Parvin, Mrs. Shields, 
 Caleb Baldwin, C. C. Cole, Isaac Pendleton, H. C. Henderson. 
 
 The first meeting of the Trustees was held February 14, 1864, in the Repre- 
 sentative Hall, at Des Moines. Committees from both branches of the General 
 Assembly were present and were invited to participate in their deliberations. 
 Gov. Kirkwood suggested that a home for disabled soldiers should be connected 
 with the Asylum. Arrangements were made for raising funds. 
 
 At the next meeting, in Davenport, in March, 1864, the Trustees decided to 
 commence operations at once, and a committee, of which Mr. HoAvell, of Keo- 
 kuk, was Chairman, was appointed to lease a suitable building, solicit donations, 
 and procure suitable furniture. This committee secured a large brick building 
 in Lawrence, Van Buren County, and engaged Mr. Fuller, of Mt. Pleasant, as 
 Steward. 
 
 At the annual meeting, in Des Moines, in June, 1864, Mrs. C. B. Baldwin, 
 Mrs. G. G. W^right, Mrs. Dr. Horton, Miss Mary E. Shelton and Mr. George 
 Sherman were appointed a committee to furnish the building and take all neces- 
 sary steps for opening the "Home," and notice was given that at the next 
 meeting of the Association, a motion would be made to change the name of the 
 Institution to Iowa Orphans' Home. 
 
 The work of preparation was conducted so vigorously that on the 1 3th day 
 of July following, the Executive Committee announced that they were ready to 
 receive the children. In three weeks twenty-one were admitted, and the num- 
 ber constantly increased, so that, in a little more than six months from the time 
 of opening, there were seventy children admitted, and twenty more applica- 
 tions, which the Committee had not acted upon — all orphans of soldiers. 
 
 Miss M. Elliott, of Washington, was appointed Matron. She resigned, 
 in February, 1865, and was succeeded by Mrs. E. G. Piatt, of Fremont 
 County. 
 
 The " Home " was sustained by the voluntary contributions of the people, 
 until 1866, when it was assumed by the State. In that year, the General 
 Assembly provided for the location of several such "Homes" in the different 
 counties, and which were established at Davenport, Scott County; Cedar Falls, 
 Black Hawk County, and at Glenwood, jNIills County. 
 
 The Board of Trustees elected by the General Assembly had the oversight 
 and management of the Soldiers' Orphans' Homes of the State, and consisted 
 of one person from each county in which such Home was located, and one for 
 the State at large, who held their office two years, or until their successors were 
 elected and qualified. An appropriation of $10 per month for each orphan 
 actually supported Avas made by the General Assembly. 
 
 The Home in Cedar Falls was organized in 1865, and an old hotel building 
 was fitted up for it. Rufus C, Mary L. and Emma L. Bauer were the first 
 children received, in October, and by January, 1866, there were ninety-six in- 
 mates. 
 
 October 12, 1869, the Home was removed to a large brick building, about 
 two miles west of Cedar Falls, and was very prosperous for several years, but 
 in 1876, the General Assembly established a State Normal School at Cedar 
 Falls and appropriated the buildings and grounds for that purpose. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 201 
 
 By " An act to provide for the organization and support of an asylum at 
 Glenwood, in Mills County, for feeble minded children," approved March 17, 
 1876, the buildings and grounds used by the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that 
 place were appropriated for this purpose. By another act, approved March 15, 
 1876, the soldiers' orphans, then at the Homes at Glenwood and Cedar Falls, 
 were to be removed to the Home at Davenport Avithin ninety days thereafter, 
 and the Board of Trustees of the Home were authorized to receive other indigent 
 children into that institution, and provide for their education in industrial 
 pursuits. 
 
 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Cedar Falls, Black JlatvJc County. 
 
 Chapter 129 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, in 1876, estab- 
 lished a State Normal School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, and required 
 the Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home to turn over the property in their 
 charge to the Directors of the new institution. 
 
 The Board of Directors met at Cedar Falls June 7, 1876, and duly organ- 
 ized by the election of H. C. Hemenway, President ; J. J, Toleston, Secretary, 
 and E. Townsend, Treasurer. The Board of Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' 
 Home met at the same time for the purpose of turning over to the Directors the 
 property of that institution, which was satisfactorily done and properly receipted 
 for as required by law. At this meeting, Prof. J. C. Gilchrist Avas elected 
 Principal of the School. 
 
 On the 12th of July, 1876, the Board again met, when executive and 
 teachers' committees were appointed and their duties assigned. A Steward 
 and a Matron were elected, and their respective duties defined. 
 
 The buildings and grounds were repaired and fitted up as well as the appro- 
 priation would admit, and the first term of the school opened September 6, 1876, 
 commencing with twenty-seven and closing with eighty-seven students. The 
 second term closed with eighty-six, and one hundred and six attended during 
 the third term. 
 
 The following are the Board of Directors, Board of Officers and Faculty : 
 
 Board of Directors. — H. C. Hemenway, Cedar Falls, President, term 
 expires 1882 ; L. D. Lewelling, Salem, Henry County, 1878 ; W. A. Stow, 
 Hamburg, Fremont County, 1878 ; S. G. Smith, Newton, Jasper County, 
 1880 ; E. H. Thayer, Clinton, Clinton County, 1880 ; G. S. Robinson, Storm 
 Lake, Buena Arista County, 1882. 
 
 Board of Officers. — J. J. Toleston, Secretary ; E. Townsend, Treasurer ; 
 William Pattes, Steward; Mrs. P. A. Schermerhorn, Matron — all of Cedar 
 Falls. 
 
 Faculty. — J. C. Gilchrist, A. M., Principal, Professor of Mental and 
 Moral Philosophy and Didactics ; M. W. Bartlett, A. M., Professor of Lan- 
 guages and Natural Science ; D. S. Wright, A. M., Professor of Mathematics ; 
 Miss Frances L. Webster, Teacher of Geography and History ; E. W. Burnham, 
 Professor of Music. 
 
 ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE MINDED CHILDREN. 
 
 Glemvood, 3Iills County. 
 
 Chapter 152 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, approved 
 March 17, 1876, provided for the establishment of an asylum for I'ceblc minded 
 children at Glenwood, Mills County, and the buildings and grounds of the 
 
202 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place were to be used for that purpose. The 
 asylum was placed under the management of three Trustees, one at least of 
 whom should be a resident of Mills County. Children betAveen the ages of 7 
 and 18 years are admitted. Ten dollars per month for each child actually sup- 
 ported by the State was appropriated by the act, and |2,000 for salaries of 
 officers and teachers for two years. 
 
 Hon. J. W. Cattell, of Polk County ; A. J. Russell, of Mills County, and 
 W. S. Robertson, were appointed Trustees, Avho held their first meeting at 
 Glen wood, April 26, 1876. Mr. Robertson was elected President; Mr. Russell, 
 Treasurer, and Mr. Cattell, Secretary. The Trustees found the house and farm 
 which had been turned over to them in a shamefully dilapidated condition. The 
 fences were broken down and the lumber destroyed or carried away ; the win- 
 dows broken, doors off their hinges, floors broken and filthy in the extreme, 
 cellars reeking with offensive odors from decayed vegetables, and every conceiv- 
 able variety of filth and garbage ; drains obstructed, cisterns broken, pump 
 demoralized, wind-mill broken, roof leaky, and the whole property in the worst 
 possible condition. It was the first work of the Trustees to make the house 
 tenable. This was done under the direction of Mr. Russell. At the request 
 of the Trustees, Dr. Charles T. Wilbur, Superintendent of the Illinois Asylum, 
 visited Glenwood, and made many valuable suggestions, and gave them much 
 assistance. 
 
 0. W. Archibald, M. D., of Glenwood, was appointed Superintendent, 
 and soon after was appointed Secretary of the Board, vice Cattell, resigned. 
 Mrs. S. A. Archibald was appointed Matron, and Miss Maud M. Archibald, 
 Teacher. 
 
 The Institution was opened September 1, 1876 ; the first pupil admitted 
 September 4, and the school was organized September 10, with only five pupils, 
 which number had, in November, 1877, increased to eighty-seven. December 
 1, 1876, Miss Jennie Van Dorin, of Fairfield, was employed as a teacher and 
 in the Spring of 1877, Miss Sabina J. Archibald was also employed. 
 
 THE REFORM SCHOOL. 
 
 Eldora, Hardin County. 
 
 By "An act to establish and organize a State Reform School for Juvenile 
 Ofienders," approved March 31, 1868, the General Assembly established a 
 State Reform School at Salem, Lee (Henry) County; provided for a Board of 
 Trustees, to consist of one person from each Congressional District. For the 
 purpose of immediately opening the school, the Trustees were directed to accept 
 the proposition of the Trustees of Whites loAva Manual Labor Institute, at 
 Salem, and lease, for not more than ten years, the lands, buildings, etc., of the 
 Institute, and at once proceed to prepare for and open a reform school as a 
 temporary establishment. 
 
 The contract for fitting up the buildings was let to Clark & Haddock, Sep- 
 tember 21, 1868, and on the 7th of October following, the first inmate was 
 received from Jasper County. The law provided for the admission of children 
 of both sexes under 18 years of age. In 1876, this was amended, so that they 
 are now received at ages over 7 and under 16 years. 
 
 April 10, 1872, the Trustees were directed to make a permanent location 
 for the school, and $45,000 was appropriated for the erection of the necessary 
 buildings. The Trustees were further directed, as soon as practicable, to 
 organize a school for girls in the buildings whei'e the boys were then kept. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 203 
 
 The Trustees located the school at Eldora, Hardin County, and in the Code 
 of 1873, it is permanently located there by law. 
 
 The institution is managed by five Trustees, "who are paid mileage, but no 
 compensation for their services. 
 
 The object is the reformation of the childi'en of both sexes, under tlie age 
 of 16 years and over 7 years of age, and the law requires that the Trustees 
 shall require the boys and girls under their charge to be instructed in piety and 
 morality, and in such branches of useful knowledge as are adapted to their age 
 and capacity, and in some regular course of labor, either mechanical, manufac- 
 turing or agricultural, as is best suited to their age, strength, disposition and 
 capacity, and as may seem best adapted to secure the reformation and future 
 benefit of the boys and girls. 
 
 A boy or girl committed to the State Reform School is there kept, disci- 
 plined, instructed, employed and governed, under the direction of the Trustees, 
 until he or she arrives at the age of majority, or is bound out, reformed or 
 legally discharged. The binding out or discharge of a boy or girl as reformed, 
 or having arrived at the age of majority, is a complete release from all penalties 
 incurred by conviction of the offense for which he or she was committed. 
 
 This is one step in the right direction. In the future, however, still further 
 advances will be made, and the right of every individual to the fruits of their 
 labor, even while restrained for the public good, will be recognized. 
 
 FISH HATCHING ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 Near Anamosa, Jones County. 
 
 The Fifteenth General Assembly, in 1874, passed " An act to provide for 
 the appointment of a Board of Fish Commissioners for the construction of 
 Fishways for the protection and propagation of Fisli," also "An act to provide 
 for furnishing the rivers and lakes with fish and fish spawn." This act appro- 
 priated $3,000 for the purpose. In accordance with the provisions of the first 
 act above mentioned, on the 9th of April, 1874, S. B. Evans of Ottumwa, 
 Wapello County ; B. F. Shaw of Jones County, and Charles A. Haines, of 
 Black Hawk County, were appointed to be Fish Commissioners by the Governor. 
 These Commissioners met at Des Moines, May 10, 1874, and organized by the 
 election of Mr. Evans, President ; Mr. Shaw, Secretary and Superintendent, 
 and Mr. Haines, Treasurer. 
 
 The State was partitioned into three districts or divisions to enable the 
 Commissioners to better superintend the construction of fishways as required by 
 law. That part of the State lying south of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
 Railroad was placed under the especial supervision of Mr. Evans ; that part be- 
 tween that railroad and the Iowa Division of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. 
 Shaw, and all north of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. Haines. At this 
 meeting, the Superintendent was authorized to build a State Hatching House ; 
 to procure the spawn of valuable fish adapted to the waters of Iowa ; hatch and 
 prepare the young fish for distribution, and assist in putting them into the Avaters 
 of the State. 
 
 In compliance with these instructions, Mr. Shaw at once commenced work, 
 and in the Summer of 1874, erected a " State Hatching House" near Anamosa, 
 20x40 feet, two stories; the second story being designed for a tenement ; the 
 first story being the "hatching room." The hatching troughs are supplied 
 with water from a magnificent spring four feet deep and about ten feet in diam- 
 eter, affording an abundant and unfailing supply of pure running water. During 
 
204 HISTORY OF TIIL: state of IOWA. 
 
 the first year, from May 10, 1874, to May 10, 1875, the Commissioners distributed 
 within the State 100,000 Shad, 300,000 California Sahnon, 10,000 Bass, 
 80,000 Penobscot (Maine) Salmon, 5,000 land-locked Salmon, 20,000 of 
 other species. 
 
 By act approved March 10, 1876, the law was amended so that there should 
 be but one instead of three Fish Commissioners, and B. F. Shaw was appointed, 
 and the Commissioner was authorized to purchase twenty acres of land, on 
 which the State Hatching House was located near Anamosa. 
 
 In the Fall of 1876, Commissioner Shaw gathered from the sloughs of the 
 Mississippi, where they would have been destroyed, over a million and a half of 
 small fish, which were distributed in the various rivers of the State and turned 
 into the Mississippi. 
 
 In 1875-6, 533,000 California Salmon, and in 1877, 303,500 Lake Trout 
 were distributed in various rivers and lakes in the State. The experiment of 
 stocking the small streams with brook trout is being tried, and 81,000 of the 
 speckled beauties were distributed in 1877. In 1876, 100,000 young eels were 
 distributed. These came from New York and they are increasing rapidly. 
 
 At the close of 1877, there were at least a dozen private fish farms in suc- 
 cessful operation in various parts of the State. Commissioner Shaw is en- 
 thusiastically devoted to the duties of his office and has performed an important 
 service for the people of the State by his intelligent and successful operations. 
 
 The Sixteenth General Assembly passed an act in 1878, prohibiting the 
 catching of any kind of fish except Brook Trout from March until June of each 
 year. Some varieties are fit for food only during this period. 
 
 THE PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 The grants of public lands made in the State of Iowa, for various purposes, 
 are as follows : 
 
 1. The 500,000 Acre Grant. 
 
 2. The I6ih Section Grant. 
 
 3. The Mortgage School Lands. 
 
 4. The University Grant. 
 6. The Saline Grant. 
 
 6. Tlie Des Moines River Grant. 
 
 7. The Des Moines River School Lands. 
 
 8. The Swamp Land Grant. 
 
 9. The Railroad Grant. 
 
 10. The Agricultural College Grant. 
 
 I. THE FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND ACRE GRANT. 
 
 When the State was admitted into the Union, she became entitled to 
 500,000 acres of land by virtue of an act of Congress, approved September 4, 
 1841, which granted to each State therein specified 500,000 acres of public land 
 for internal improvements ; to each State admitted subsequently to the passage 
 of the act, an amount of land which, with the amount that might have been 
 granted to her as a Territory, would amount to 500,000 acres. All these lands 
 were required to be selected within the limits of the State to which they were 
 granted. 
 
 The Constitution cf Iowa declares that the proceeds of this grant, together 
 with all lands then granted or to be granted by Congress for the benefit of 
 schools, shall constitute a perpetual fund for the support of schools throughout 
 the State.~ By an act approved January 15, 1849, the Legislature established 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 205 
 
 a board of School Fund Commissioners, and to that board was confided the 
 selection, care and sale of these lands for the benefit of the School Fund. Until 
 1855, these Commissioners were subordinate to the Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction, but on the 15th of January of that year, they were clothed with 
 exclusive authority in the management and sale of school lands. The office of 
 School Fund Commissioner was abolished March 23, 1858, and that officer in 
 each county was required to transfer all papers to and make full settlement with 
 the County Judge. By this act. County Judges and Township Trustees were 
 ma;le the agents of the State to control and sell the sixteenth sections ; but no 
 further provision was made for the sale of the 500,000 acre grant until April 
 3d, 1860, when the entire management of the school lands was committed to 
 the Boards of Supervisors of the sevei-al counties. 
 
 II. THE SIXTEENTH SECTIONS. 
 
 By the provisions of the act of Congress admitting Iowa to the Union, there 
 was granted to the new State the sixteenth section in every township, or where 
 that section had been sold, other lands of like amount for the use of schools. 
 The Constitution of the State provides that the proceeds arising from the sale 
 of these sections shall constitute a part of the permanent School Fund. The 
 control and sale of these lands Avere vested in the School Fund Commissioners 
 of the several counties until March 23, 1858, when they were transferred to the 
 County Judges and Township Trustees, and were finally placed under the 
 supervision of the County Boai'ds of Supervisors in January, 1861. 
 
 III. THE MORTGAGE SCHOOL LANDS. 
 
 These do not belong to any of the grants of land proper. They are lands 
 that have been mortgaged to the school fund, and became school lands when bid 
 oiF by the State by virtue of a law passed in 1862. Under the provisions of the 
 law regulating the management and investment of the permanent school fund, 
 persons desiring loans from that fund are required to secure the payment thereof 
 with interest at ten per cent, per annum, by promissory notes endorsed by two 
 good sureties and by mortgage on unincumbered real estate, which must be 
 situated in the county where the loan is made, and which must be valued by 
 three appraisers. Making these loans and taking the required securities was 
 made the duty of the County Auditor, who was required to report to the Board 
 of Supervisors at each meeting thereof, all notes, mortgages and abstracts of 
 title connected Avith the school fund, for examination. 
 
 When default was made of payment of money so secured by mortgage, and 
 no arrangement made for extension of time as the law provides, the Board of 
 Supervisors Avere authorized to bring suit and prosecute it Avith diligence to 
 .secure said fund; and in action in fiivor of the county for the use of the school 
 fund, an injunction may issue Avithout bonds, and in any such action, Avhen 
 service is made by publication, default and judgment may be entered and 
 enforced Avithout bonds. In case of sale of land on execution founded on any 
 such mortgage, the attorney of the board, or other person duly authorized, shall, 
 on behalf of the State or county for the use of said fund, bid such sum as the 
 interests of said fund may require, and if struck oif to the State the land shall 
 be held and disposed of as the other lands belonging to the fund. These lands 
 are knoAvn as the Mortgage School Lands, and reports of them, including 
 description and amount, are required to be made to the State Land Office. 
 
206 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 IV. UNIVERSITY LANDS. 
 
 By act of Congress, July 20, 1840, a quantity of land not exceeding two 
 f-ntire townships was reserved in the Territory of Iowa for the use and support 
 ■jf a university within said Territory when it should become a State. This land 
 was to be located in tracts of not less than an entire section, and could be used 
 for no other purpose than that designated in the grant. In an act supplemental 
 to that for tlie admission of Iowa, March 3, 1845, the grant was renewed, and it 
 was provided that the lands should be used "solely for the purpose of such 
 university, in such manner as the Legislature may prescribe." 
 
 Under this grant there were set apart and approved by the Secretary of the 
 Treasury, for tlie use of the State, the following lands : 
 
 ACRES. 
 
 In the Iowa City Land District, Feb. 26, 1849 20,150.49 
 
 In the Faiifiel.l Land District, Oct. 17, 1849 9,685.20 
 
 In the Iowa City Land District, Jan. 28, 1850 2,571.81 
 
 In the Fairfield Land District, Sept. 10, 1850 3,198.20 
 
 In tlie Dubuque Land District, May 19, 1852 10,552.24 
 
 . Total 45,957.94 
 
 These lands were certified to the State November 19, 1859. The University 
 lands are placed by law under the control and management of the Board of 
 Trustees of the Iowa State University. Prior to 1865, there had been selected 
 and located under 282 patents, 22,892 acres in sixteen counties, and 23,036 
 acres unpatented, making a total of 45,928 acres. 
 
 V. — SALINE LANDS. 
 
 By act of Congress, approved March 3, 1845, the State of Iowa was 
 granted the use of the salt springs within her limits, not exceeding twelve. 
 By a subsequent act, approved May 27, 1852, Congress granted the springs 
 to the State in fee simple, together with six sections of land contiguous to each, 
 to be disposed of as the Legislature might direct. In 1861, the proceeds of 
 these lands then to be sold were constituted a fund for founding and support- 
 ing a lunatic asylum, but no sales were made. In 1856, the proceeds of the 
 saline lands were appropriated to the Insane Asylum, repealed in 1858. In 
 1860, the saline lands and funds were made a part of the permanent fund of 
 the State University. These lands were located in Appanoose, Davis, Decatur, 
 Lucas, Monroe, Van Buren and Wayne Counties. 
 
 VI. — THE DES MOINES RIVER GRANT. 
 
 By act of Congress, approved August 8, 1846, a grant of land was made 
 for the improvement of the navigation of Des Moines River, as follows : 
 
 Beit enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Uii'ted States of America in 
 Congress assembl''d, That there be, and hereby is, granted to said Territory of Iowa, for the 
 purpose of aiding said Territory to improve the navigation of the Des Moines River from its 
 mouth to the Raccoon Fork (so called) in said Territory, one equal moiety, in alternate sections, 
 of the public lauds (remaining unsold and not otherwise disposed of, incumbered or appropri- 
 ated), in a strip five miles in width on each side of said river, to be selected within said Terri- 
 tory by an agent or a<:ents to be appointed by the Governor thereof, subject to the approval of 
 the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. 
 
 Sec. 2. A-id be it further enacted, Thxt the lands hereby granted shall not be conveyed 
 or disposed of by said Territory, nor by any State to be formed out of the same, except as said 
 improvement shall progress; that 1=, the said Territory or State may sell so much of said lands 
 as shall produce the sum of thirty thousand dollars, and then the sales shall cease until the Gov- 
 ernor of said Territory or State shall certify the fact to (he President of the United States that 
 ouc-lialf of said sum has been expended "upon said improvements, when the said Territory or 
 
HISTORy OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 207 
 
 State may sell and convey a quantity of the residue of said lands sufficient to replace the amount 
 expended, and thus the sales shall progress as the proceeds thereof shall be expended, and the 
 fact of such expenditure shall be certified as aforesaid. 
 
 Sec. o. And be it further enacted, That the said Piiver Des INIoines shall be and forever 
 remain a public highway tor the use of the Government of the United States, free from any toll 
 or other charge whatever, for any property of the United States or persons in their service 
 passing through or along the same : Provided alu-ays, That it shall not be competent for the said 
 Territory or future State of Iowa to dispose of said lands, or any of them, at a price lower than, 
 for the time being, shall be the minimum price of other public lands. 
 
 Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, Tliat wheneverthe Territory of Iowa shall be admitted 
 into the Union as a State, the lands hereby granted for llie above purpose shall be and become 
 the property of said State for the purpose contemplated iu this act, and for no other: Provided 
 the Legislature of the State of Iowa shall accept the said grant for the said purpose." Approved 
 Aug. 8, 1846. 
 
 By joint resolution of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 9, 
 1847, the grant was accepted for the purpose specified. By another act, ap- 
 proved February 24, 1847, entited "An act creating the Board of Public 
 Works, and providing for the improvement of the Des Moines River," the 
 Legislature provided for a Board consisting of a President, Secretary and 
 Treasurer, to be elected by the people. Tliis Board was elected August 2, 
 1847, and was organized on the 22d of September following. The same act 
 defined the nature of the improvement to be made, and provided that the work 
 should be paid for from the funds to be derived from the sale of lands to be 
 sold by the Board. 
 
 Agents appointed by the Governor selected the sections designated by "odd 
 numbers" throughout the whole exten*; of the grant, and this selection was ap- 
 proved by the Secretary of the Treasury. But there was a conflict of opinion 
 as to the extent of the grant. It was held by some tliat it extended from the 
 mouth of the Des Moines only to the Raccoon Forks ; others held, as the 
 agents to make selection evidently did, that it extended from the mouth to the 
 head waters of the river. Richard M. Young, Commissioner of the General 
 Land Office, on the 23d of February, 1848, construed the grant to mean that 
 " the State is entitled to the alternate sections within five miles of the Des 
 Moines River, throughout the whole extent of that river within the limits of 
 Iowa." Under this construction, the alternate sections above the Raccoon 
 Forks wouLl, of course, belong to the State; but on the 19th of June, 1848, 
 some of these lands were, by proclamation, thrown into market. On the 18th 
 of September, the Board of Public Works filed a remonstrance with the Com- 
 missioner of the General Land Office. The Board also sent in a protest to the 
 State Land Office, at which the sale was ordered to take place. On the 8th of 
 January, 1849, the Senators and Representatives in Congress from Iowa also 
 protested against the sale, in a conmiunication to Hon. Robert J. Walker, Sec- 
 retary of the Treasury, to which the Secretary replied, concurring in the 
 opinion that the grant extended the whole length of the Des Moines River in 
 Iowa. 
 
 On the 1st of June, 1849, the Commissioner of the General Land Office 
 directed the Register and Receiver of the Land Office at Iowa City " to with- 
 hold froin sale all lands situated in the odd numbered sections within five miles 
 on each side of the Des Moines River ab ve the Raccoon Forks." March 13, 
 1850, the Commissioner of the General Land Office submitted to the Secretary 
 of the Interior a list "sliowing the tracts falling within the limits of the Des 
 Moines River grant, above the Raccoon Forks, etc., under the decision of the 
 Secretary of the Treasury, of xMarch 2, 1849," and on the 6th of April 
 following, Mr. Ewing, then Secretary of the Interior, reversed the decision of 
 Secretary Walker, but ordered the lands to be withheld from sale until Con- 
 
208 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 gress could have an opportunity to pass an explanatory act. The Iowa author- 
 ities appealed from this decision to the President (Taylor), who referred the 
 matter to the Attorney General (Mr. Johnson). On the 19th of July, Mr. 
 Johnson submitted as his opinion, that by the terras of the grant itself, it ex- 
 tended to the very source of the Des Moines, but before his opinion was pub- 
 lished President Taylor died. When Mr. Tyler's cabinet was formed, the 
 question was submitted to the new Attorney General (Mr. Crittenden), who, on 
 the 30th of June, 1851, reported that in his opinion the grant did not extend 
 above the Raccoon Forks. Mr. Stewart, Secretary of the Interior, concurred 
 with Mr. Crittenden at first, but subsequently consented to lay the whole sub- 
 ject before the President and Cabinet, who decided in favor of the State. 
 
 October 29, 1851, Mr. Stewart directed the Commissioner of the General 
 Land Office to "submit for his approval such lists as had been prepared, and to 
 proceed to report for like approval lists of the alternate sections claimed by the 
 State of Iowa above the Raccoon Forks, as far as the surveys have progressed, 
 or may hereafter be completed and returned." And on the following day, three 
 lists of these lands Avere prepared in the General Land Office. 
 
 The lands approved and certified to the State of Iowa under this grant, and 
 all lying above the Raccoon Forks, are as follows : 
 
 By Secretary Stewart, Oct. 30, 1851 81,707.93 acres. 
 
 March 10, 1852 143,908.37 " 
 
 By Secretary McLellan, Dec. 17, 1853 83,142.43 " 
 
 Dec. 30, 1853 12,813.51 " 
 
 Total 271, 572.24 acres. 
 
 The Commissioners and Register of the Des Moines River Improvement, in 
 their report to the Governor, November 30, 1852, estimates the total amount of 
 lands then available for the work, including those in possession of the State and 
 those to be surveyed and approved, at nearly a million acres. The indebtedness 
 then standing against the fund was about ^108,000, and the Commissioners 
 estimated the work to be done would cost about $1,200,000. 
 
 January 19, 1853, the Legislature authorized the Commissioners to sell 
 " any or all the lands which have or may hereafter be granted, for not less than 
 $1,300,000." 
 
 On the 24th of January, 1853, the General Assembly provided for the elec- 
 tion of a Commissioner by the people, and appointed two Assistant Commission- 
 ers, with authority to make a contract, selling the lands of the Improvement 
 for $1,300,000. This new Board made a contract, June 9, 1855, with the Des 
 Moines Navigation & Railroad Company, agreeing to sell all the lands donated 
 to the State by Act of Congress of August 8, 1816, which the State had not 
 sold prior to December 23, 1853, for $1,300,000, to be expended on the im- 
 provement of the river, and in paying the indebtedness then due. This con- 
 tract was duly reported to the Governor and General Assembly. 
 
 By an act approved January 25, 1855, the Commissioner and Register of 
 the Des Moines River Improvement were authorized to negotiate with the Des 
 Moines Navigation & Railroad Company for the purchase of lands in Webster 
 County which had been sold by the School Fund Commissioner as school lands, 
 but which had been certified to the State as Des Mdines River lands, and had, 
 therefore, become the property of the Company, under the provisions of its 
 contract with the State. 
 
 March 21, 1856, the old question of the extent of the gr^i.nt was again raised 
 and the Commissioner of the General Land Office decided th^^ it was limited to 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 209 
 
 the Raccoon Fork. Appeal was made to the Secretary of the Interior, and by 
 him the matter was referred to the Attorney General, who decided that the grant 
 extended to the northern boundary of the State; the State relinquished its 
 claim to lands lying along the river in Minnesota, and the vexed question Avas 
 supposed to be finally settled. 
 
 The land which had been certified, as well as those extending to the north- 
 ern boundary \\ithin the limits of the grant, were reserved from pre-emption 
 and sale by the General Land Commissioner, to satisfy the grant of August 8, 
 1846, and they were treated as having passed to the State, which from time to 
 time sold portions of them prior to their final transfer to the Des Moines Navi- 
 igation & Raih'oad Company, applying the proceeds thereof to the improve- 
 ment of the river in compliance with the terms of the grant. Prior to tlie final 
 sale to the Company, June 9, 1854, the State had sold about 327,000 acres, of 
 which amount 58,880 acres were located above the Raccoon Fork. The last 
 certificate of the General Land Office bears date December 30, 1853. 
 
 After June 9th, 1854, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company 
 carried on the work under its contract with the State. As the improvement 
 progressed, the State, from time to time, by its authorized officers, issued to the 
 Company, in payment for said work, certificates for lands. But the General 
 Land Office ceased to certify lands under the grant of 1846. The State 
 had made no other provision for paying for the improvements, and disagree- 
 ments and misunderstanding arose between the State authorities and the 
 Company. 
 
 March 22, 1858, a joint resolution was passed by the Legislature submitting 
 a proposition for final settlement to the Company, which was accepted. The Com- 
 pany paid to the State $20,000 in cash, and released and conveyed the dredge boat 
 and materials named in the resolution ; and the State, on the 3d of May, 1858, 
 executed to the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company fourteen deeds 
 or patents to the lands, amounting to 256,703.64 acres. These deeds were 
 intended to convey all the lands of this grant certified to the State by the Gen- 
 eral Government not previously sold ; but, as if for the purpose of covering any 
 tract or parcel that might have been omitted, the State made another deed of 
 conveyance on the 18th day of May, 1858. These fifteen deeds, it is claimed, 
 by the Company, convey 266,108 acres, of which about 53,367 are below the 
 Raccoon Fork, and the balance, 212,741 acres, are above that point. 
 
 Besides the lands deeded to the Company, the State had deeded to individual 
 purchasers 58,830 acres above the Raccoon Fork, making an aggregate of 271,- 
 571 acres, deeded above the Fork, all of which had been certified to the State 
 by the Federal Government. 
 
 By act approved March 28, 1858, the Legislature donated the remainder of 
 the grant to the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines & Minnesota Railroad Company, 
 upon condition that said Company assumed all liabilities resulting from the Des 
 Moines River improvement operations, reserving 50,000 acres of the land in 
 security for the payment thereof, and for the completion of the locks and dams 
 at Bentonsport, Croton, Keosauqua and Plymouth. For every three thousand 
 dollars' worth of work done on the locks and dams, and for every three thousand 
 dollars paid by the Company of the liabilities above mentioned, the Register of 
 the State Land Office was instructed to certify to the Company 1,000 acres of 
 the 50,000 acres reserved for these purposes. Up to 1865, tliere had been pre- 
 sented by the Company, under tlie provisions of the act of 1858, and allowed, 
 claims amounting to $109,579.37, about seventy-five per cent, of which had 
 been settled. 
 
210 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 After the passage of the Act above noticed, the question of the extent of the 
 original grant uas again mooted, and at the December Tei-m of the Supreme Court 
 of the United States, in 1859-00, a decision Avas rendered declaring that the 
 grant did not extend above Raccoon Fork, and that all certificates of land above 
 the Fork had been issued without authority of law and "were, therefore, void 
 (see 23 How., 6G). 
 
 The State of Iowa had disposed of a large amount of land without authority, 
 according to this decision, and appeal was made to Congress for relief, which 
 was granted on the 3d day of March, 1861, in a joint resolution relinquishing 
 to tlie State all the title which the United States then still retained in the tracts 
 of land along the Des Moines River above Raccoon Fork, that had been im- 
 properly certified to the State by the Department of the Interior, and which is 
 now held by bona fide purchasers under the State of Iowa. 
 
 In confirmation of this relinquishment, by act approved July 12, 1862, 
 Congress enacted : 
 
 That the grant of lands to the <hen Territory of Iowa for the improvement of the Des Moines 
 River, made by the act of August 8, 1846, is hereby extended so as to incUide the alternate sec- 
 tions (designated by odd numbers) Ij'ing within tive miles of said river, between the Raccoon 
 Fork and the northern boundary of said State; such lands are to be held and api)lieil in accord- 
 ance with the provisions of the original grant, except that the consent of Congress is hereby given 
 to the application of a portion thereof (o aid in the construction of the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines 
 & Minnesota Railroad, in accordance with the provisions of the act of (he General Assembly of 
 the State of Iowa, approved March 22, 1858. And if any of the said lands shall liave been sold 
 or otherwise disposed of by the United States before the passage of this act, except those released 
 by the United States to the grantees of the State of Iowa, under joint resolution of March 3, 
 1801, the Secretary of the Interior is hereby directed to set apart an equal amount of lands within 
 said State to be certified in lieu theT-eof; Provtde'l, that if the State shall have sold and conveyed 
 any portion of tlie lands lying within the limits of the grant the title of which has proved invalid, 
 any lands which shall be certified to said State in lieu thereof by virtue of the provisions of this 
 act, shall inure to and be held as a trust fund for the benefit of the pei'son or persons, respect- 
 ively, whose titles shall have failed as aforesaid. 
 
 The grant of lands by the above act of Congress was accepted by a joint 
 resolution of the General Assembly, September 11, 1862, in extra session. On 
 the same day, the Governor Avas authorized to appoint one or more Commis- 
 sioners to select the lands in accordance with the grant. These Commissioners 
 were instructed to report their selections to the Registrar of the State Land 
 Office. The lands so selected were to be held for the purposes of the grant, and 
 were not to be disposed of until further legislation should be had. D. W. Kil- 
 burne, of Lee County, Avas appointed Commissioner, and, on the 25th day of 
 April, 1864, the General Land Officer authorized the selection of 300,000 acres 
 froni the A^acant public lands as a part of the grant of July 12, 1862, and the 
 selections Avere made in the Fort Dodge and Sioux City Land Districts. 
 
 Many difficulties, controversies and conflicts, in relation to claims and titles, 
 grcAv out of this grant, and these difficulties Avere enhanced by the uncertainty 
 of its limits until the act of Congress of July, 1862. But the General Assem- 
 bly sought, by Avise and appropriate legislation, to protect the integrity of titles 
 derived from the State. Especially Avas the determination to protect the actual 
 settlers, Avho had paid their money and made improvements prior to the final 
 settlement of the limits of tlie grant by Congress. 
 
 VII. — THE DES MOINES RIA'ER SCHOOL LANDS. 
 
 These lands constituted a part of the 500,000 acre grant made by Congress 
 in 1841 ; including 28,378.46 acres in Webster County, selected by the Agent of 
 the State under that grant, and approved by the Commissioner of the General 
 Land Office February 20, 1851. They Avere ordered into the market June 6, 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 211 
 
 1853, by tlie Superintendent of Public Instruction, who authorized John Tol- 
 man, School Fund Commissioner for Webster County, to sell them as school 
 lands. Subsequently, when the act of 1846 was construed to extend the Des 
 Moines River grant above Raccoon Fork, it was held that the odd numbered 
 sections of these lands within five miles of the river were appropriated by that 
 act, and on the 30th day of December, 1853, 12,813.51 acres were set apart 
 and approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior, as a part of the 
 Des JNloines River grant. January 6, 1854, the Commissioner of the General 
 Land Office transmitted to the Superintendent of Public Instruction a certified 
 copy of the lists of tliese lands, indorsed by the Secretary of the Interior. 
 Prior to this action of the Department, hoAvever, Mr. Tolman had sold to indi- 
 vidual purchasers 3,194.28 acres as school lands, and their titles were, of course, 
 killed. For their relief, an act, approved April 2, 1860, provided that, upon 
 application and proper showing, these purchasers should be entitled to draw 
 from the State Treasury the amount they had paid, with 10 per cent, interest, 
 on the contract to purchase made with Mr. Tolman. Under tliis act, five appli- 
 cations were made prior to 1864, and the applicants received, in the aggregate, 
 $949.53. 
 
 By an act approved April 7, 1862, the Governor was forbidden to issue to 
 the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Company any certificate of the completion 
 of any part of said road, or any conveyance of lands, until the company should 
 execute and file, in the State Land Office, a release of its claim — first, to cer- 
 tain swamp lands; second, to the Des Moines River Lands sold by Tolman; 
 third, to certain other river lands. That act provided that "the said company 
 shall transfer their interest in those tracts of land in Webster and Hamilton 
 Counties heretofore sold by John Tolman, School Fund Commissioner, to the 
 Register of the State Land Office in trust, to enable said Register to carry out 
 and perf )rm said contracts in all cases when he is called upon by the parties 
 interested to do so, before the 1st day of January, A. D. 1864. 
 
 The company filed its release to the Tolman lands, in the Land Office, Feb- 
 ruary 27, 1864, at the same time entered its protest that it had no claim upon 
 them, never had pretended to have, and had never sought to claim them. Tha 
 Register of the State Land Office, under the advice of the Attorney General, 
 decided that patents would be issued to the Tolman purchasers in all cases 
 where contracts had been made prior to December 23, 1853, and remaining 
 uncanceled under the act of 1860. But before any were issued, on the 27th of 
 August, 1864, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company commenced a 
 suit in chancery, in the District Court of Polk County, to enjoin the issue of 
 such patents. On the 30th of August, an ex parte injunction was issued. In 
 January, 1868, Mr. J. A. Harvey, Register of the Land Office, filed in the 
 court an elaborate answer to plaintiffs' petition, denying that the company had 
 any right to or title in the lands. Mr. Harvey's successor, Mr. C. C. Carpen- 
 ter, file*! a still more exhaustive answer February 10, 1868. August 3, 1868, 
 the District Court dissolved the injunction. The company appealed to the 
 Supreme Court, where the decision of the lower court was affirmed in December, 
 1869. 
 
 VIII. — SWAMP LAND GRANT. 
 
 By an act of Congress, approved March 28, 1850, to enable Arkansas and 
 other States to reclaim swampy lands within their limits, granted all the swamp 
 and overflowed lands remaining unsold within their respective limits to the 
 several States. Although the total amount claimed by Iowa under this act 
 
212 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 does not exceed 4,000,000 acres, it has, like tlie Dos Moines River and some 
 of the hmd grants, cost the State considerable trouble and expense, and required 
 a deal of legislation. The State expended large sums of money in making the 
 selections, securing proofs, etc., but the General Government appeared to be 
 laboring under the impression that Iowa was not acting in good faith ; that she 
 had selected a large amount of lands under the swamp land grant, transferred 
 her interest to counties, and counties to private speculators, and the General 
 Land OlHce permitted contests as to the cliaracterof the lands already selected 
 by the Agents of tlie State as "swamp lands." Congress, by joint resolution 
 Dec. 18, 1856, and by act March 3, 1857, saved the State from the fatal result 
 of this ruinous policy. Many of these lands were selected in 1854 and 1855, 
 immediately after seN'eral remarkably wet seasons, and it was but natural that 
 some portions of the selections would not appear swampy after a few dry seasons. 
 Some time after these first selections were made, persons desired to enter 
 parcels of the so-called swamp lands and offering to prove tlicm to be dry. In 
 such cases the General Land Office ordered hearing before the local land officers, 
 and if they decided the land to be dry, it was permitted to be entered and the 
 claim of the State rejected. Speculators took advantage of this. Affidavits 
 were bought of irresponsible and reckless men, who, for a few dollars, would 
 confidently testify to the character of lands they never saw. These applica- 
 tions multiplied until they covered 3,000,000 acres. It Avas necessary that 
 Congress should confirm all these selections to the State, that this gigantic 
 scheme of fraud and plunder might be stopped. The act of Congress of 
 ^larch 3, 1857, was designed to accomplish this purpose. But the Commis- 
 sioner of the General Land Office held that it was only a qualified confirma- 
 tion, and under tliis construction sought to sustain the action of the Department 
 in rejecting the claim of the State, and certifying tliem under act of May 15, 
 1850, under which the railroad companies claimed all swamp land in odd num- 
 bered sections within the limits of their respective roads. This action led to 
 serious complications. When the railroad grant was made, it was not intended 
 nor was it understood that it included any of the swamp lands. These Avere 
 already disposed of by previous gi'ant. Nor did the companies expect to 
 receive any of tliem, but under the decisions of the Department adverse to the 
 State the Avay was opened, and they were not slow to enter tlieir claims. March 
 4, 1802, the Attorney General of the State submitted to the General Assembly 
 an opinion that the railroad companies were not entitled even to contest the 
 right of the State to these lands, under the swamp land gi'ant. A letter from 
 the Acting Commissioner of the General Land Office expressed the same 
 opinion, and the General Assembly by joint resolution, approved Api-il 7, 1862, 
 expressly repudiated the acts of the railroad comjiauies, and disclaimed any 
 intention to claim these lands under any other than the act of Congress of 
 Sept. 28, 1850. A great deal of legislation has been found necessary in rela- 
 tion to these swamp lands. 
 
 IX. — THE RAILROAD GRANT. 
 
 One of the most important grants of public lands to Iowa for purposes of 
 internal improvement was that known as tlie "Railroad Grant," by act of 
 Congress approved May 15, 1856. This act granted to the State of Iowa, for 
 the purpose of aiding in the construction of railroads from Burlington, on the 
 Mississippi River, to a point on the Missouri River, near tlie mouth of Platte 
 River; from the city of Davenport, via Iowa City and Fort Des Moines to 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 213 
 
 Council Bluffs ; from Lyons City northwesterly to a point of intersection with 
 the main Hne of the Iowa Central Air Line Railroad, near Maquoketa ; thence- 
 on said main line, running as near as practicable to the Forty-second Parallel : 
 across the said State of Iowa to the Missouri River ; from the city of Dubuque 
 to a point on tlie Missouri River, near Sioux City, with a branch from the 
 mouth of the Tete des Morts, to the nearest point on said road, to be com- 
 pleted as soon- as the main road is completed to that point, every alternate section 
 of land, designated by odd numbers, for six sections in width on each side of 
 said roads. It was also provided that if it should appear, when the lines of those 
 roads were definitely fixed, that the United States had sold, or right of pre- 
 emption had attached to any portion of said land, the State was authorized to- 
 select a quantity equal thereto, in alternate sections, or parts of sections, withirt 
 fifteen miles of the lines so located. The lands remaining to the United States 
 within six miles on each side of said roads were not to be sold for less than the 
 double minimum price of the public lands when sold, nor were any of said lands 
 to become subject to private entry until they had been first offered at public 
 sale at the increased price. 
 
 Section 4 of the act provided that the lands granted to said State shall be 
 disposed of by said State only in the manner following, that is to say: that a- 
 ([uantity of land not exceeding one hundred and twenty sections for each of said 
 roads, and included within a continuous length of twenty miles of each of said 
 roads, may be sold ; and when the Governor of said State shall certify to the 
 Secretary of the Interior that any twenty continuous miles of any of said roa^s. 
 is completed, then another quantity of land hereby granted, not to exceed one 
 hundred and twenty sections for each of said roads having twenty continuous 
 miles completed as aforesaid, and included within a continuous length of twenty 
 miles of each of such roads, niay be sold; and so from time to time until said 
 roads are completed, and if any of said roads are not completed Avithin ten. 
 years, no further sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the 
 United States." 
 
 At a special session of the General Assembly of Iowa, by act approved July 
 14, 1856, the grant was accepted and the lands were granted by the State to 
 the several railroad companies named, provided that the lines of their respective 
 roads should be definitely fixed and located before April 1, 1857 ; and pro- 
 vided further, that if either of said companies should fail to have seventy-five- 
 miles of road completed and equipped by the 1st day of December, 1859, and 
 its entire road completed by December 1, 1865, it should be competent for the 
 State of Iowa to resume all rights to lands remaining undisposed of by the 
 company so fiiiling. 
 
 The railroad companies, with the single exception of the Iowa Central Air 
 Line, accepted the several grants in accordance with the provisions of the above 
 act, located their respective roads and selected their lands. The grant to the 
 Iowa Central was again granted to the Cedar Rapids & JNIissouri River Railroad 
 Company, which accepted them. 
 
 By act, approved April 7, 1862, the Dubucpie & Sioux City Railroad Com- 
 pany was required to execute a release to the State of certain swamp and school 
 lands, included within the limits of its grant, in compensation for an extensioii 
 of the time fixed for the completion of its road. 
 
 A careful examination of the act of Congress does not reveal any special 
 reference to railroad companies. The lands were granted to the State, and the 
 act evidently contemplate the sale of them hi/ the State, and the approin-iation 
 of the proceeds to aid in the construction of certain lines of railroad within its 
 
214 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 limits. Section 4 of the act clearly defines the authority of the State in dis- 
 posing of the lands. 
 
 Lists of all the lands embraced by the grant were made, and certified to the 
 State by the proper authorities. Under an act of Congress approved August 3, 
 1854, entitled "^4m act to vest in the several States and Territories the title in 
 fee of the lands which have been or may he certified to them" these certified lists, 
 the originals of which are filed in the General Land Office, conveyed to the State 
 "the foe simple title to all the lands embraced in such lists that are of the char- 
 acter contemplated " by the terms of the act making the grant, and "intended 
 to be granted thereby ; but where lands embraced in such lists are not of the 
 character embraced by such act of Congress, and were not intended to be granted 
 thereby, said lists, so far as these lands are concerned, shall be perfectly null 
 and void; and no riglit, title, claim or interest shall be conveyed thereby." 
 Those certified lists made under the act of May 15, 1856, were forty-three in 
 number, viz.: For the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad, nine ; for the 
 Mississippi & Missouri Railroad, 11 ; for the Iowa Central Air Line, thirteen ; 
 and for the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, ten. The lands thus approved to 
 the State were as follows : 
 
 Bnrlingfon & Missouri River R. R 287,095.34 acres. 
 
 Mississippi & Missouri River R. 1 774,G74.o6 " 
 
 Cedar R.apid3 & Missouri River 1'. R 775,454.19 " 
 
 Dubuque & fcioux City R. R 1,226,558.32 " 
 
 A portion of these had been selected as swamp lands by the State, under 
 the act of September 28, 1850, and these, by the terms of the act of August 3, 
 18.54, could not be turned over to the railroads unless the claim of the State to 
 them as swamp was first rejected. It was not possible to determine from the 
 records of the State Land Office the extent of the conflictincr claims arising under 
 the two grants, as copies of the swamp land selections in some of the counties 
 were not filed of record. The Commissioner of the General Land Office, however, 
 prepared lists of the lands claimed by the State as swamp under act of September 
 28, 1850, and also claimed by the railroad companies under act of May 15, 
 1856, amounting to 553,203.33 acres, the claim to which as swamp had been 
 rejected by the Department. These were consequently certified to the State as 
 railroad lands. There was no mode other than the act of July, 1856, prescribed 
 for transferring the title to these lands from the State to the companies. The 
 courts had decided that, for the purposes of the grant, the lands belonged to the 
 State, and to her the companies should look for their titles. It was generally 
 accepted that the act of the Legislature of July, 1856, was all that was neces- 
 sary to complete the transfer of title. It was assumed that all the rights and 
 powers conferred upon the State by the act of Congress of May 14, 1856, were 
 by the act of the General Assembly transferred to the companies ; in other 
 words, that it was designed to put the companies in the place of the State as the 
 grantees from Congress — and, therefore, that which perfected the title thereto 
 to the State perfected the title to the companies by virtue of the act of July, 
 1856. One of the companies, however, tlie Burlington & Missouri River Rail- 
 road Company, was not entirely satisfied with this construction. Its managers 
 thought that some further and specific action of the State authorities in addition 
 to the act of the Legislature was necessary to complete their title. This induced 
 Gov. Lowe to attach to the certified lists his official certificate, under the broad 
 seal of the State. On the 9th of November, 1859, the Governor thus certified 
 to them (commencing at the Missouri River) 187,207.44 acres, and December 
 27th, 43,775.70 acres, an aggregate of 231,073.14 acres. These were the only 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 216 
 
 lands under the grant that were certified by the State authorities with any 
 design of perfecting the title already vested in the company by the act of July, 
 1856. The lists which were afterward furnished to the company were simply 
 certified by the Governor as being correct copies of the lists received by the 
 State from the United States General Land Office. These subsequent lists 
 embraced lands that had been claimed by the State under the Swamp Land 
 Grant. 
 
 It was urged against the claim of the Companies that the effect of the act 
 of the Legislature was simply to substitute them for the State as parties to the 
 grant. 1st. That the lands were granted to the State to be held in trust for the 
 accomplishment of a specific purpose, and therefore the State could not part 
 with the title until that purpose should have been accomplished. 2d. That it 
 was not the intention of the act of July 14, 1856, to deprive the State of the con- 
 trol of the lands, but on the contrary that she should retain supervision of them 
 and the right to withdraw all rights and powers and resume the title condition- 
 ally conferred by that act upon the companies in the event of their failure to 
 complete their part of the contract. 3d. That the certified lists from the Gen- 
 eral Land Office vested the title in the State only by virtue of the act of Con- 
 gress approved August 3, 1851. The State Land Office held that the proper 
 construction of the act of July 14, 1856, when accepted by the companies, was 
 that it became a conditional contract that might ripen into a positive sale of the 
 lands as from time to time the work should progress, and as the State thereby 
 became authorized by the express terms of the grant to sell them. 
 
 This appears to have been the correct construction of the act, but by a sub- 
 sequent act of Congress, approved June 2, 1864, amending the act of 1856, the 
 terms of the grant were changed, and numerous controversies arose between the 
 companies and the State. 
 
 The ostensible purpose of this additional act was to allow the Davenport & 
 Council Bluffs Railroad "to modify or change the location of the uncompleted 
 portion of its line," to run through the town of Newton, Jasper County, or as 
 nearly as practicable to that point. The original grant had been made to the 
 State to aid in the construction of railroads within its limits and not to the com- 
 panies, but Congress, in 1864, appears to have been utterly ignorant of what 
 had been done under the act of 1856, or, if not, to have utterly disregarded it. 
 The State had accepted the original grant. The Secretary of the Interior had 
 already certified to the State all the lands intended to be included in the grant 
 within fifteen miles of the lines of the several railroads. It will be remembered 
 that Section 4, of the act of May 15, 1856, specifies the manner of sale of 
 these lands from time to time as work on the railroads should progress, and also 
 provided that " if an}^ of said roads are not completed within ten years, no fur- 
 ther sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revolt to the United States." 
 Having vested the title to these lands in trust, in the State of Iowa, it is plain 
 that until the expiration of the ten years there could be no reversion, and the 
 State, not the United States, must control them until the grant should expire 
 by limitation. The United States authorities could not rightfully require the 
 Secretary of the Interior to certify directly to the companies any portion of 
 the lands already certified to the State. And yet Congress, by its act of June 
 2, 1864, provided tliat whenever the Davenport & Council Bluffs Railroad Com- • 
 pany should file in the General Land Office at Washington a map definitely 
 showing such new location, the Secretary of the Interior should cause to be cer- 
 tified and conveyed to said Company, from time to time, as the road progressed, 
 out of any of the lands belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved, or 
 
•216 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 ©thenvise disposed of, or to which a pre-emption chiini or rigiit of homestead liad 
 not attached, and on which a bona fide settlement and improvement had not 
 been made under color of title derived from the United States or from the State 
 of Iowa, Avitliin six miles of such newly located line, an amount of land per 
 mile e([ual to that originally authorized to be granted to aid in the construction 
 of said road by the act ta which this was an amendment. 
 
 The term " out of any lands belonging to tke United States, not sold, re- 
 served or otherwise disposed of, etc.," would seem to indicate that Congress did 
 intend to grant lands already granted, but Avhen it declared that the Company 
 should have an amount per mile equal to that originally antliorized to be granted, 
 it is plain that the framers of the bill were ignorant of the real terms of the 
 original grant, or that they designed that the United States should resume the 
 title it had already parted with two years before the lands could revert to the 
 United States under the original act, which was not repealed. 
 
 A similar change was made in relation to the Cedar Rapids & Missouri 
 Railroad, and dictated the conveyance of lands in a similar manner. 
 
 Like provision was made for the Dubu(|ue & Sioux City Railroad, and the 
 Company Avas permitted to change the location of its line between Fort Dodge 
 and Sioux City, so as to secure the best route between those points; but this 
 change of location was not to impair the right to the land granted in the orig- 
 inal act, nor did it change the location of those lands. 
 
 By the same act, the Mississippi & Missouri Railroad Company was author- 
 ized to transfer and assign all or any part of the grant to any other company or 
 person, " if, in the opinion of said Company, the construction of said railroad 
 across the State of Iowa would be thereby sooner and more satisfactorily com- 
 pleted ; but such assignee should not in any case be released from the liabilities 
 and conditions accompanying this grant, nor acquire perfect title in any other 
 manner than the same would have been acquired by the original grantee." 
 
 Still further, the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad was not forgotten, 
 and was, by the same act, empowered to receive an amount of land per mile 
 €([ual to that mentioned in the original act, and if that could not be found within 
 the limits of six miles from the line of said road, then such selection miglit 
 be made along such line within twenty miles thereof out of any public lands 
 belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved or otherwise disposed of, or 
 to which a pre-emption claim or right of homestead had not attached. 
 
 Those acts of Congress, which evidently originated in the '* lobby," occa- 
 sioned much controversy and trouble. The Department of the Interior, how- 
 ever, recognizing the fact that when the Secretary had certified the lands to the 
 State, under the act of 1856, that act divested the United States of title, under 
 the vesting act of August, 1854, refused to review its action, and also refused 
 to order any and all investigations for establishing adverse claims (except in 
 pre-emption cases), on the ground that the United States had parted with the 
 title, and, therefore, could exercise no control over the land. 
 
 May 12, 18(34, before the passage of the amendatory act above described. 
 Congress granted to the State of Iowa, to aid in the construction of a railroad 
 from McGregor to Sioux City, and for the benefit of the McGregor Western 
 Railroad Company, every alternate section of land, designated by odd numbers, 
 for ten sections in width on each side of the proposed road, reserving the right 
 to substitute other lands whenever it was found that tlie grant infringed, upon 
 pre-empted lands, or on lands that had been reserved or disposed of for any other 
 purpose. In sucli cases, the Secretary of the Interior was instructed to select, in 
 lieu, lands belonging to the United States lying nearest to the limits specified. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 217 
 
 X. — AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM LANDS. 
 
 An Agricultural College and Model Farm was established by act of the 
 General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. By the eleventh section of the 
 act, the proceeds of the five-section grant made for the purpose of aiding in the 
 erection of public buildings was appropriated, subject to the approval of Con- 
 gress, together with all lands that Congress might thereafter grant to the State 
 for the purpose, for the benefit of the institution. On the 23d of March, by 
 joint resolution, the Legislature asked the consent of Congress to the proposed 
 transfer. By act approved July 11, 1862, Congress removed the restrictions 
 imposed in the "five-section grant," and authorized the General Assembly to 
 make such disposition of the lands as should be deemed best for the interests of 
 the State. By these several acts, the five sections of land in Jasper County 
 certified to the State to aid in the erection of public buildings under the act of 
 March 3, 1845, entitled " An act supplemental to the act for the admission of 
 the States of Iowa and Florida into the Union," were fully appropriated for 
 the benefit of the Iowa Agricultural College and Farm. The institution is 
 located in Story County. Seven hundred and twenty-one acres in that and 
 two hundred in Boone County were donated to it by individuals interested in 
 the success of the enterprise. 
 
 By act of Congress approved July 2, 1862, an appropriation was made to 
 each State and Territory of 30,000 acres for each Senator and Representative 
 in Congress, to which, by the apportionment under the census of 1860, they 
 were respectively entitled. This grant was made for the purpose of endowing 
 colleges of aojriculture and mechanic arts. 
 
 Iowa accepted this grant by an act passed at an extra session of its Legis- 
 lature, approved Sep4;eraber 11, 1862, entitled "An act to accept of tlie grant, 
 and carry into execution the trust conferred upon the State of Iowa by an act 
 of Congress entitled ' An act granting public lands to the several States and 
 Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the 
 mechanic arts,' approved July 2, 1862." This act made it the duty of the 
 Governor to appoint an agent to select and locate the lands, and provided 
 that none should be selected that were claimed by any county as swamp 
 lands. The agent was required to make report of his doings to the Governor, 
 who was instructed to submit the list of selections to the Board of Trustees of 
 the Agricultural College for their approval. One thousand dollars were appro- 
 priated to carry the law into effect. The State, having two Senators and six 
 Representatives in Congress, was entitled to 240,000 acres of land under this 
 grant, for the purpose of establishing and maintaining an Agricultural College. 
 Peter Melendy, Esq., of Black Hawk County, was appointed to make the selec- 
 tions, and during August, September and December, 1863, located them in the 
 Fort Dodge, Des Moines and Sioux City Land Districts. December 8, 1864, 
 these selections were certified by the Commissioner of the General Land Office, 
 and were approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior December 13, 
 1864. The title to these lands was vested in the State in fee simple, and con- 
 flicted with no other claims under other grants. 
 
 The agricultural lands were approved to the State as 240,000.96 acres; but 
 as 35,691.66 acres were located within railroad limits, which were computed at 
 the rate of two acres for one, the actual amount of land approved to the State 
 under this grant was only 204,309.30 acres, located as follows: 
 
 In Des Moines Land District 6,804.96 acres. 
 
 In Sioux City Land District 59,025.37 " 
 
 In Fort Dodge Land District 138,478.97 " 
 
218 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 By act of the General Assembly, approved March 29, 1864, entitled, " An 
 act authorizing the Trustees of thelowa State Agricultural College and Farm 
 to sell all lands acquired, granted, donated or appropriated for the benefit of 
 said college, and to make an investment of the proceeds thereof," all these lands 
 were granted to the Agricultural College and Farm, and the Trustees were au- 
 thorized to take possession, and sell or lease them. They Avere then, under the 
 control of the Trustees, lands as follows : 
 
 Under the act of July 2, 1852 204,309.30 acres. 
 
 Of the five-section grant , 3,200.00 " 
 
 L.inils donated in Story County 721.00 " 
 
 Lands donated in Boone County 200.00 " 
 
 Total 208,430.30 acres. 
 
 The Trustees opened an office at Fort Dodge, and appointed Hon. G. W- 
 Bassett their agent for the sale of these lands. 
 
 THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 The gertn of the free public school system of Iowa, which now ranks sec- 
 ond to none in the United States, was planted by the first settlers. They had 
 migrated to the " The Beautiful Land " from other and older States, where the 
 common school system had been tested by many years' experience, bringing 
 with them some knowledge of its advantages, which they determined should be 
 enjoyed by the children of the land of their adoption. The system thus planted 
 was expanded and improved in the broad fields of the West, until now it is 
 justly considered one of the most complete, comprehensive and liberal in the 
 country. 
 
 Nor is this to be wondered at when it is remembered humble log school 
 houses were built almost as soon as the log cabin of the earliest settlers were 
 occupied by their brave builders. In the lead mining regions of the State, the 
 first to be occupied by the white race, the hardy pioneers provided the means 
 for the education of their children even before they had comfortable dwellings 
 for their families. School teachers were among the first immigrants to Iowa. 
 Wherever a little settlement was made, the school house Avas the first united 
 public act of the settlers; and the rude, primitive structures of the early time 
 only disappeared when the communities had increased in population and wealth, 
 and were able to replace them with more commodious and comfortable buildings. 
 Perhaps in no single instance has the magnificent progress of the State of Iowa 
 been more marked and rapid than in her common school system and in her school 
 houses, which, long since, superseded the log cabins of the first settlers. To- 
 day, the school houses which everywhere dot the broad and fertile prairies of 
 Iowa are unsurpassed by those of any other State in the great Union. More 
 especially is this true in all her cities and villages, Avhere liberal and lavish 
 appropriations have been voted, by a generous people, for tlie erection of large, 
 commodious and elegant buildings, furnished with all the modern improvements, 
 and costing from $10,000 to $60,000 each. The people of the State have ex- 
 pended more than $10,000,000 for the erection of public school buildings. 
 
 The first house erected in Iowa was a log cabin at Dubuque, built by James 
 L. Langworthy and a few other miners, in the Autumn of 1833. When it was 
 completed, George Cabbage was employed as teacher during the Winter of 
 1833-4, and thirty-five pupils attended his school. Barrett Whittemore taught 
 the second term with twenty-five pupils in attendance. 'Mrs. Caroline Dexter 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 219 
 
 commenced teaching in Dubuque in Mai'ch, 1836. She was the first female 
 teacher there, and probably the first in Iowa. In 1839, Thomas H. Benton, 
 Jr., afterward for ten years Superintendent of Public Instruction, opened an 
 English and classical school in Dubuque. The first tax for the support of 
 schools at Dubuque was levied in 1840. 
 
 Among the first buildings erected at Burlington was a commodious log school 
 house in 1834, in which Mr. Johnson Pierson taught the first school in the 
 Winter of 1834-5. 
 
 The first school in Muscatine County was taught by George Bumgardner, 
 in the Spring of 1837, and in 183U, a log school house was erected in Musca- 
 tine, which' served for a long time for school house, church and public hall. 
 The first school in Davenport was taught in 1838. In Fairfield, Miss Clarissa 
 Sawyer, James F. Chambers and Mrs. Reed taught school in 1839. 
 
 When the site of Iowa City was selected as the capital of the Territory of 
 Iowa, in May, 1839, it was a perfect wilderness. The first sale of lots took 
 place August 18, 1839, and before January 1, 1840, about twenty families had 
 settled within the limits of the town ; and during the same year, Mr. Jesse 
 Berry opened a school in a small frame building he had erected, on what is now 
 College street. 
 
 The first settlement in Monroe County was made in 1843, by Mr. John R. 
 Gray, about two miles from the present site of Eddyville; and in the Summer 
 of 1844, a log school house was built by Gray, William V. Beedle, C. Renfro, 
 Joseph McMullen and Willoughby Randolph, and the first school Avas opened 
 by Miss Urania Adams. The building was occupied for school purposes for 
 nearly ten years. About a year after the first cabin was built at Oskaloosa, a 
 log school house was built, in which school was opened by Samuel W. Caldwell 
 in 1844. 
 
 At Fort Des Moines, now the capital of the State, the first school was 
 taught by Lewis Whitten, Clerk of the District Court in the Winter of 1846-7, 
 in one of the rooms on " Coon Row," built for barracks. 
 
 The first school in Pottawattomie County was opened by George Green, a 
 Mormon, at Council Point, prior to 1849 ; and until about 1854, nearly, if not 
 quite, all the teachers in that vicinity were Mormons. 
 
 The first school in Decorah was taught in 1853, by T. W. Burdick, then a 
 young man of seventeen. In Osceola, the first school was opened by Mr. D. 
 W. Scoville. The first school at Fort Dodge was taught in 1855, by Cyrus C 
 Carpenter, since Governor of the State. In Crawford County, the first school 
 house was built in Mason's Grove, in 1856, and Morris McHenry first occupied 
 it as teacher. 
 
 During the first twenty years of the history of Iowa, the log school house pre- 
 vailed, and in 1861, there were 893 of these primitive structures in use for 
 school purposes in the State. Since that time they have been gradually dis- 
 appearing. In 1865, there were 796; in 1870, 336, and in 1875, 121. 
 
 Iowa Territory Avas created July 3, 1838. January 1, 1839, the Territorial 
 Legislature passed an act providing that " there shall be established a common 
 school, or schools in each of the counties in this Territory, which shall be 
 open and free for every class of white citizens between the ages of five and 
 twenty-one years." The second section of the act provided that " the County 
 Board shall, from time to time, form such districts in their respective counties 
 whenever a petition may be presented for the purpose by a majority of the 
 voters resident within such contemplated district." These districts were gov- 
 erned by boards of trustees, usually of three persons ; each district was required 
 
220 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 to maintain school at least three months in every year ; and later, laws were 
 enacted providiiiiif for county school taxes for the payment of teachers, and that 
 ■whatever additional sum might be required should be assessed upon the parents 
 sending, in proportion to the length of time sent. 
 
 When Iowa Territory became a State, in 1846, with a population of 100,- 
 000, and with 20,000 scholars within its limits, about four hundred school dis- 
 tricts had been organized. In 1850, there were 1,200, and in 1857, the 
 number had increased to 3,265. 
 
 In March, 1858, upon the recommendation of Hon. M. L. Fisher, then Su- 
 perintendent of Public Instruction, the Seventh General Assembly enacted that 
 " each civil township is declared a school district," and provided that these should 
 be divided into sub-districts. This law went into force March 20, 1858, and 
 reduced the number of school districts from about 3,500 to less than 900. 
 
 This change of school organization resulted in a very material reduction of 
 the expenditures for the compensation of District Secretaries and Treasurers. 
 An effort was made for several years, from 1867 to 1872, to abolish the sub- 
 district system. Mr. Kiss -11, Superintendent, recommended, in his report of 
 January 1, 1872, and Governor Merrill forcibly endorsed his views in his annual 
 message. But the Legislature of that year provided for the formation of inde- 
 pendent districts from the sub-districts of district townships. 
 
 The system of graded schools was inaugurated in 1849 ; and new schools, in 
 which more than one teacher is employed, are universally graded. 
 
 The first official mention of Teachers' Institutes in the educational records 
 of Iowa occurs in the annual report of Hon. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., made 
 December 2, 1850, who said, "An institution of this character was organized a 
 few years ago, composed of the teachers of the mineral regions of Illinois, 
 Wisconsin and Iowa. An association of teachers has, also, bren formed in the 
 county of Henry, and an effort was made in October last to organize a regular 
 institute in the county of Jones." At that time — although the beneficial 
 influence of these institutes was admitted, it was urged that the expenses of 
 attending them Avas greater than teachers with limited compensation were able 
 to bear. To obviate this objection, Mr. Benton recommended that '• the sum of 
 ^150 should be appropriated annually for throe years, to be drawn in install- 
 ments of $50 each by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and expended 
 for these institutions." He proposed that three in.stitutes should be held annu- 
 ally at points to be designated by the Superintendent. 
 
 No legislation in this direction, however, was had until March, 1858, when 
 an act was passed authorizing the holding of teachers' institutes for periods not 
 less than six working days, whenever not less than thirty teacliers sliouhl desire. 
 The Superintendent was authorized to expend not exceeding $100 for any one 
 institute, to be paid out by the County Superintendent as the institute might 
 direct for teachers and lecturers, and one thousand dollars was appropriated to 
 defray the expenses of these institutes. 
 
 December 6, 1858, Mr. Fisher reported to the Board of Education that 
 institutes had been appointed in twenty counties within the preceding six months, 
 and more Avould iiave been, but the appropriation had been exhausted. 
 
 The Board of Education at its first session, commencing December 6, 1858, 
 enacted a code of school laws Avhich retained the existing provisions for teachers' 
 nistitutes. 
 
 In March, 1860, the General Assembly amended tlie act of the Board by 
 appropriating " a sum not exceeding fifty dollars annually for one such institute, 
 held as provided by law in eacli county." 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 221 
 
 In 1865, Mr. Faville reported tliat "the provision made by the State for the 
 benefit of teachers' institutes has never been so fully appreciated, both by the 
 people and the teachers, as during the last two years." 
 
 By act approved March 19, 1874, Normal Institutes were established in 
 each county, to be held annually by the County Superintendent. This was 
 regarded as a very decided step iu advance by Mr. Abernethy, and in 1876 the 
 Sixteenth General Assembly established the first permanent State Normal 
 School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, appropriating the building and 
 property of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place for that purpose. This 
 school is now " in tlie full tide of successful experiment." 
 
 The public school system of Iowa is admirably organized, and if the various 
 officers Avho are entrusted with the educational interests of the commonwealth 
 are faithful and competent, should and will constantly improve. 
 
 " The public schools are supported by funds arising from several sources. 
 The sixteenth section of every Congressional Township was set apart by the 
 General Government for school purposes, being one-thirty-sixth part of all the 
 lands of the State. The minimum price of these lands was fixed at one dollar 
 and twenty-five cents per acre. Congress also made an additional donation to 
 the State of five hundred thousand acres, and an appropriation of five per cent. 
 on all the sales of public lands to the school fund. The State gives to this 
 fund the proceeds of the sales of all lands which escheat to it ; the proceeds of 
 all fines for the violation of the liquor and criminal laws. The money derived 
 from these sources constitutes the permanent school fund of the State, which 
 cannot be diverted to any other purpose. The penalties collected by the courts 
 for fines and forfeitures go to the school fund in the counties where collected. 
 The proceeds of the sale of lands and the five per cent, fund go into the State 
 Treasury, and the State distributes these proceeds to the several counties accord- 
 ing to their request, and the counties loan the money to individuals for long 
 terms at eight per cent, interest, on security of land valued at three times the 
 amount of the loan, exclusive of all buildings and improvements thereon. The 
 interest on these loans is paid into the State Treasury, and becomes the avail- 
 able school fund of the State. The counties are responsible to the State for all 
 money so loaned, and the State is likewise responsible to the school fund for all 
 moneys transferred to the counties. The interest on these loans is apportioned 
 by the State Auditor semi-annually to the several counties of the State, in pro- 
 portion to the number of persons between the ages of five and twenty-one years. 
 The counties also levy an annual tax for school purposes, which is apportioned 
 to the several district townships in the same way. A district tax is also 
 levied for the same purpose. The money arising from these several sources 
 constitutes the support of the public schools, and is sufficient to enable 
 every sub-district in the State to afford from six to nine months' school 
 each year." 
 
 The taxes levied for the support of schools are self-imposed. Under the 
 admirable school laws of the State, no taxes can be legally assessed or collected 
 for the erection of school houses until they have been ordered by the election of 
 the district at a school meeting legally called. The school houses of Iowa are 
 the pride of the State and an honor *to the people. If they have been some- 
 times built at a prodigal expense, the tax payers have no one to blame but 
 themselves. The teaciiers' and contingent funds are determined by the Boai-d of 
 Directors under certain legal restrictions. These boards are elected annually, 
 except in the independent districts, in which the board may be entirely changed 
 every three years.- The only exception to this mode of levying taxes for support 
 
222 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 of schools is the county school tax, which is determined by the County Board 
 of Supervisors. The tax is from one to three mills on the dollar ; usually, 
 however, but one. Mr. Abcrnethy, who was Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
 tion from 1872 to 1877, said in one of his reports: 
 
 There is but little opposition to the levy of taxes for the support of schools, and there 
 would be still less if the funds were always properly guarded and judiciously expended. How- 
 ever much our people disagree upon other subjects, they are practically united upon this. 
 The opposition of wealth has long since ceased to exist, and our wealthy men are usually the 
 most lit)eral in their views and the most active friends of popular education. They are often 
 found upon our school boards, and usually make the best of school officers. It is not uncommon 
 for B)ar Is of Directors, especially in the larger towns and cities, to be composed wholly of men 
 who represent the enterprise, wealth and business of their cities. 
 
 At the close of 1877, there were 1,086 township districts, 3,138 indepen- 
 dent districts and 7,015 sub-districts. There were 9,948 ungraded and 476 
 graded schools, with an average annual session of seven months and five days. 
 There Avere 7,348 male teachers employed, whose average compensation was 
 $34.88 per month, and 12,518 female teachers, with an average compensation 
 of $28.69 per month. 
 
 The number of persons between the ages 5 and 21 years, in 1877, was 
 567,859; number enrolled in public schools, 421,163; total average attendance, 
 251,372 ; average cost of tuition per month, $1.62. There are 9,279 frame, 
 671 brick, 257 stone and 89 log school houses, making a grand total of 10,296, 
 valued at $9,044,973. The public school libraries number 17,329 volumes. 
 Ninety-nine teachers' institutes were held during 1877. Teachers' salaries 
 amounted to $2,953,645. There was expended for school houses, grounds, 
 libraries and apparatus, $1,106,788, and for fuel and other contingencies, 
 $1,136,995, making the grand total of $5,197,428 expended by the generous 
 people of Iowa for the support of their magnificent public schools in a single 
 year. The amount of the permanent school fund, at the close of 1877, was 
 '$3,462,000. Annual interest, $276,960. 
 
 In 1857, there were 3,265 independent districts, 2,708 ungraded schools, 
 and 1,572 male and 1,424 female teachers. Teachers" salaries amounted to 
 $198,142, and the total expenditures for schools was only $364,515. Six hun- 
 dred and twenty-three volumes Avere the extent of the public school libraries 
 twenty years ago, and there were only 1,686 school houses, valued at $571,064. 
 
 In twenty years, teachers' salaries have increased from $198,142, in 1857, 
 to $2,953,645 in 1877. Total school expenditures, from .$364,515 to 
 $5,197,428. 
 
 The significance of such facts as these is unmistakable. Such lavish expen- 
 ditures can only be accounted for by the liberality and public spirit of the 
 people, all of whom manifest their love of popular education and their faith in 
 the public schools by the annual dedication to their support of more than one 
 per cent, of tlieir entire taxable property; this, too, uninterruptedly through a 
 series of years, commencing in the midst of a war which taxed their energies and 
 resources to the extreme, and continuing tlirough years of general depression in 
 business — years of moderate yield of produce, of discouragingly low prices, and 
 even amid the scanty surroundings and privations of pioneer life. Few human 
 enterprises have a grander significance or give evidence of a more noble purpose 
 than the generous contributions from the scanty resources of the pioneer for the 
 purposes of public education. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 223 
 
 POLITICAL RECORD. 
 
 TERRITORIAL OFFICERS. 
 
 Governors — Robert Lucas, 1838-41 ; John Chambers, 1841-45 ; James 
 Clarke, 1845. 
 
 Secretaries — William B. Conway, 1838, died 1839 ; James Clarke, 1839 ; 
 0. H. W. Stull, 1841 ; Samuel J. Burr, 1843 ; Jesse Williams, 1845. 
 
 Auditors— 3 e?,&e W illiams, 1840 ; Wm. L. Gilbert, 1843 • Robert M. 
 Secrest, 1845. 
 
 Treasurers^-lhomion Bayliss, 1839 ; Morgan Reno, 1840. 
 
 Judges — Charles Mason, Chief Justice, 1838 ; Joseph Williams, 1838 ; 
 Thomas S. Wilson, 1838. 
 
 Presidents of Council — Jesse B. Browne, 1838-0 ; Stephen Hempstead, 
 1839-40; M. Bainridge, 1840-1; Jonathan W. Parker, 1841-2; John 1). 
 Elbert, 1842-3; Thomas Cox, 1843-4 ;S. Clinton Hastings, 1845; Stephen 
 Hempstead, 1845-6. 
 
 Speakers of the House — William 11. Wallace, 1838-9 ; Edward Johnston, 
 1839-40; Thomas Cox, 1840-1; Warner Lewis, 1841-2; James M. Morgan, 
 1842-3 ; James P. Carleton, 1843-4 ; James M. Morgan, 1845 ; George W. 
 McCleary, 1845-6. 
 
 First Constitutional Convention, 18Jf,If, — Shepherd Leffler, President ; Geo. 
 S. Hampton, Secretary. 
 
 Second Constitutional Convention, 184.6 — Enos Lowe, President ; William 
 Thompson, Secretary. 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Governors — Ansel Briggs, 1846 to 1850 ; Stephen Hempstead, 1850 to 
 1854; James W. Grimes, 1854 to 1858; Ralph P. Lowe, 185S to 1860; Sam- 
 uel J. Kirkwood, 1860 to 1864 ; William M. Stone, 1864 to 1868 ; Samuel 
 Morrill, 1868 to 1872 ; Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1872 to 1876 ; Samuel J. Kirk- 
 Avood, 1876 to 1877; Joshua G. Newbold, Acting, 1877 to 1878; John H. 
 Gear, 1878 to . 
 
 Lieutenant Governor — Office created by the new Constitution Septeml)er 3, 
 1857— Oran Faville, 1858-9 ; Nicholas J. Rusch, 1860-1 ; John R. Needham, 
 1862-3; Enoch W. Eastman, 1864-5; Benjamin F. Gue, 1866-7; John 
 Scott, 1868-9; M. M. Walden, 1870-1; H. C. Bulis, 1872-3; Joseph Dy- 
 sart, l«74-5 ; Joshua G. Newbold, 1876-7 ; Frank T. Campbell, 1878-9. 
 
 Secretaries of State — Elisha Cutler, Jr., Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 4, 1848; 
 Josiah H. Bonney, Dec. 4, 1848, to Dec. 2, 1850; George W. McCleary, Dec. 
 2, 1850, to Dec. "l, 1856 ; Elijah Sells, Dec. 1, 1856, to Jan. 5, 1863 ; James 
 Wright, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 ; Ed. Wright, Jan. 7, 1867, to Jan. 6, 
 1873; Josiah T. Young, Jan. 6, 1873, to . 
 
 Auditors of /S^a^g— Joseph T. Fales, Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850 ; Will- 
 iam Pattee, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1854; Andrew J. Stevens, Dec. 4, 1854, 
 resigned in 1855 ; John Pattee, Sept. 22, 1855, to Jan. 3, 1859 ; Jonathan 
 W. Cattell, 1859 to 1865; John A. Elliot, 1865 to 1871; John Russell, 1871 
 to 1875 ; Buren R. Sherman, 1875 to . 
 
 Treasurers of State — Morgan Reno, Dec. 18, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850; 
 Israel Kister, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1852 ; Martin L. Morris, Dec. 4, 1852, 
 to Jan. 2, 1859 ; John W. Jones. 1859 to 1863 ; William H. Holmes, 1863 to 
 
224 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 1867 ; Samuel E. Rankin, 1867 to 1873 ; William Christy, 1873 to 1877 ; 
 George W. Bemis, 1877 to . 
 
 Superintendents of Public Instruction — Office created in 1847 — James Harlan, 
 June 5, 1845 (Supreme Court decided election void) ; Thomas H. Benton, Jr., 
 May 23, 1844, to June 7, 1854 ; James D. Eads, 1854-7 ; Joseph C. Stone, 
 March to June, 1857 ; Maturin L. Fisher, 1857 to Dec, 1858, when the office 
 was abolished and the duties of the office devolved upon the Secretary of the 
 Board of Education. 
 
 Secretaries of Board of Education — Thomas 11. Benton, Jr., 1859-1863 ; 
 Oran Faville, Jan. 1, 1864. Board abolished March 23, 1864. 
 
 Superintendents of Public Instruction — Office re-created March 23, 1864 — 
 Oran Faville, March 28, 1864, resigned March 1, 1867; D. Franklin Wells, 
 March 4, 1867, to Jan., 1870 ; A. S. Kissell, 1870 to 1872 ; Alonzo Abernethy, 
 1872 to 1877 ; Carl W. Von Coelln, 1877 to . 
 
 State Binder's — Office created February 21, 1855 — William M. Coles, May 
 1,- 1855, to May 1, 1859; Frank M. Mills, 1859 to 1867; James S. Carter, 
 1867 to 1870; J. J. Smart, 1870 to 1874; H. A. Perkins, 1874 to 1875; 
 James J. Smart, 1875 to 1876 ; H. A. Perkins, 1876 to . 
 
 Registers of the State Land Office — Anson Hart, May 5, 1855, to May 
 13, 1857 ; Theodore S. Parvin, May 13, 1857, to Jan. 3, 1859 ; Amos B. 
 Miller, Jan. 3, 1859, to October, 1862; Edwin Mitchell, Oct. 31, 1862, to 
 J;in 5, 1863 ; Josiah A. Harvey, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 ; Cyrus C. 
 Carpenter, Jan. 7, 1867, to January, 1871 ; Aaron Brown, January, 1871, to 
 to January, 1875; David Secor, January, 1875, to -. 
 
 State Printers — Office created Jan. 3, 1840 — Garrett D. Palmer and 
 George Paul, 1849; William H. Merritt, 1851 to 1853; William A. Hornish, 
 1853 (resigned May 16, 1853); Mahoney & Dorr, 1853 to 1855; Peter 
 Moriarty, 1855 to 1857; John Teesdale, 1857 to 1861; Francis W. Palmer, 
 1861 to 1869; Frank M. Mills, 1869 to 1870; G. W. Edwards, 1870 to 
 1872; R. P. Clarkson, 1872 to . 
 
 Adjutants G-eneral — Daniel S. Lee, 1851-5 ; Geo. W. McCleary, 1855-7 ; 
 Elijah Sells, 1857 ; Jesse Bowen, 1857-61 ; Nathaniel Baker, 1861 to 1877 ; 
 John H. Looby, 1877 to . 
 
 Attorneys G-eneral — David C. Cloud, 1853-56 ; Samuel A. Rice, 1856-60 
 Charles C. Nourse, 1861-4; Isaac L. Allen, 1865 (i-esigned Januarv, 1866) 
 Frederick E. Bissell, 1866 (died June 12, 1867); Henry O'Connor, 1867-72 
 Marsena E. Cutts, 1872-6; John F. McJunkin, 1877. 
 
 Presidents of the Senate — Thomas Baker, 1846-7 ; Thomas Hughes, 
 1848; John J. Selman, 1848-9; Enos Lowe, 1850-1; William E. Leffing- 
 well, 1852-3; Maturin L. Fisher, 1854-5; William W. Hamilton, 1856-7. 
 Under the new Constitution, the Lieutenant Governor is President of the 
 Senate. 
 
 Speakers of the House — Jesse B. Brown, 1847-8; Smiley H. Bonhan, 
 1849-50 ; George Temple, 1851-2 ; James Grant, 1853-4 ; Reuben Noble, 
 1855-6 ; Samuel McFarland, 1856-7 ; Stephen B. Sheledy, 1858-9 ; John 
 Edwards, 1860-1 ; Rush Clark, 1862-3 ; Jacob Butler, 1864-5 ; Ed. Wright, 
 1866-7; John Russell, 1868-9; Aylett R. Cotton, 1870-1; James Wilson, 
 1872-3 ; John H. Gear, 1874-7 ; John Y. Stone, 1878. 
 
 ]^ew Constitutional Convention, 1859 — Francis Springer, President ; Thos. 
 J. Saunders, Secretary. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 225 
 
 STATE OFFICERS, 1878. 
 
 John K. Gear, Governor; Frank T. Campbell, Lieutenant Governor; Josiah 
 T. Young, Secretary of State; Buren R. Sherman, Auditor of State; George 
 W. Bemis, Treasurer of State; David Secor, Register of State Land Office; 
 John H. Looby, Adjutant General; John F. McJunken, Attorney General; 
 Mrs. Ada North, State Librarian; Edward J. Holmes, Clerk Supreme Court; 
 John S. Runnells, Reporter Supreme Court; Carl W. Von CooUn, Superintend- 
 ent Public Instruction; Richard P. Clarkson, State Printer; Henry A. Perkins, 
 State Binder; Prof. Nathan R. Leonard, Superintendent of Weights and 
 Measures; William H. Fleming, Governor's Private Secretary; Fletcher W. 
 Young, Deputy Secretary of State; John C. Parish, Deputy Auditor of State; 
 Erastus G. Morgan, Deputy Treasurer of State; John M. Davis, Deputy Reg- 
 ister Land Office; L^a C. Kling, Deputy Superintendent Public Instruction, 
 
 THE JUDICIARY. 
 
 SUPREME COURT OF IOWA. 
 
 Chief Justices. — Charles Mason, resigned in June, 1847 ; Joseph Williams, 
 Jan., 1847, to Jan., 1848; S. Clinton Hastings, Jan., 1848, to Jan., 1849; Joseph 
 Williams, Jan., 1849, to Jan. 11, 1855; Geo. G. Wright, Jan. 11, 1855, to Jan., 
 1860 ; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1860, to Jan. 1, 1862 ; Caleb Baldwin, Jan., 1862, to 
 Jan., 1864; Geo. G. Wright,Jan., 1864,to Jan., 1866; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1866, 
 to Jan., 1868; John F. Dillon, Jan., 1868, to Jan., 1870; Chester C. Cole, Jan. 
 1, 1870, to Jan. 1, 1871; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to Jan. 1, 1872; Joseph 
 M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1872, to Jan. 1, 1874; W. E. Miller, Jan. 1, 1874, to Jan. 1, 
 1876; Chester C. Cole, Jan. 1, 1876, to Jan. 1, 1877; James G. Pay, Jan. 1, 
 1877, to Jan. 1, 1878; James H. Rothrock, Jan. 1, 1878. 
 
 Associate Judges. — Joseph Williams; Thomas S. Wilson, resigned Oct., 
 1847; John F. Kinney, June 12, 1847, resigned Feb. 15, 1854; George 
 Greene, Nov. 1, 1847, to Jan. 9, 1855; Jonathan C. Hall, Feb. 15, 1854, to 
 succeed Kinney, resigned, to Jan., 1855; William G. Woodward, Jan. 9, 1855; 
 Norman W. Isbell, Jan. 16, 1855, resigned 1856 ; Lacen D. Stockton, June 3, 
 1856, to succeed Isbell, resigned, died June 9, 1860; Caleb Baldwin, Jan. 11, 
 1860, to 1864; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan. 12, 1860; George G. Wright, June 26, 
 1860, to succeed Stockton, deceased; elected U. S. Senator, 1870; John F. Dil- 
 lon, Jan. 1, 1864, to succeed Baldwin, resigned, 1870; Chester C. Cole, March. 
 1, 1864, to 1877; Joseph M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1868; W. E. Miller, October 11, 
 1864, to succeed Dillon, resigned; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to succeed 
 Wright. 
 
 SUPREME COURT, 1878. 
 
 James H. Rothrock, Cedar County, Chief Justice; Joseph M. Beck, Lee 
 County, Associate Justice ; Austin Adams, Dubuque County, Associate Justice ; 
 William H. Seevers, Oskaloosa County, Associate Justice; James G. Day, Fre- 
 mont County, Associate Justice. 
 
 CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATION. 
 
 UNITED STATES SENATORS. 
 
 (The first General Assembly failed to elect Senators.) 
 
 George W. Jones, Dubuque, Dec. 7, 1848-1858 ; Augustus C. Dodge, Bur- 
 lington, Dec. 7, 1848-1855; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, Jan. 6, 1855-1865; 
 James W. Grimes, Burlington, Jan. 26, 1858-died 1870 ; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 
 Iowa City, elected Jan. 13, 1866, to fill vacancy caused by resignation of James 
 
226 HISTORY OF the state of IOWA. 
 
 Harlan ; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, March 4, 1866-1872 ; James B. Howell, 
 Keokuk, elected Jan. 20, 1870, to fill vacancy caused by the death of J. W. 
 Grimes — term expired March 3d ; George G. Wright, Des Moines, March 4, 
 1871-1877; William B. Allison, Dubuque, March 4, 1872; Samuel J. Kirk- 
 vrood, March 4, 1877. 
 
 MEMBERS OF HOUSE OF UEPRESENTATIVE3. 
 
 Twenty-ninth Congress — 184-6 to 1847 . — S. Clinton Hastings ; Shepherd 
 Leffler. 
 
 Thirtieth Congress — 184-7 to 1849. — First District, William Thompson : 
 Second District, Sheplierd Leffler. 
 
 TJurty-first Congress — 1849 to 1851. — First District, First Session, Wm. 
 Thompson; unseated by the House of Representatives on a contest, and election 
 remanded to the people. First District, Second Session, Daniel F. Miller. 
 S.econd District, Shepherd Leffler. 
 
 Thirty-second Congress — 1851 to 185S. — First District, Bernhart Henn. 
 Second District, Lincoln Clark. 
 
 Thirty-third Congress — 185S to 1855. — First District, Bernhart Henn. 
 Second District, John P. Cook. 
 
 Thirty-fourth Congress — 1855 to 1857. — First District, Augustus Hall. 
 Second District, James Thorington. 
 
 Thirty-fifth Congress — 1857 to 1859. — First District, Samuel R. Curtis. 
 Second District, Timothy Davis. 
 
 Thirty-sixth Congress — 1859 to 1861. — First District, Samuel R. Curtis. 
 Second District, William Vandever. 
 
 Thirty-seventh Co7igress — 1861 to i860. — First District, First Session, 
 Samuel R. Curtis.* First District, Second and Third Sessions, James F. Wil- 
 son. Second District, William A^andever. 
 
 Thirty-eighth Congress — 1863 to 1865. — First District, James F. Wilson. 
 Second District, Hiram Price. Third District, William B. Allison. Fourth 
 District, Josiah B. Grinnell. Fifth District, John A. Kasson. Sixth District, 
 Asahel W. Hubbard. 
 
 Thirty-ninth Congress — 1865 to 1867. — First District, James F. Wilson ; 
 Second District, Hiram Price; Third District, William B. Allison; Fourth 
 District, Josiah B. Grinnell ; Fifth District, John A. Kasson ; Sixth District, 
 Asahel W. Hubbard. 
 
 Fortieth Congress — 1867 to 1869. — First District, James F. Wilson ; Sec- 
 ond District, Hiram Price ; Third District, William B. Allison, Fourth District, 
 William Loughridge; Fifth District, Grenville M. Dodge; Sixth District, 
 Asahel W. Hubbard. 
 
 Forty-first Congress — 1869 to 1871. — First District, George W. McCrary ; 
 Second District, William Smyth ; Third District, William B. Allison ; Fourth 
 District, William Loughridge ; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer ; Sixth Dis- 
 trict, Charles Pomerov. 
 
 Forty-second Congress— 187 1 to 1873.—Y\rii District, George W. Mc- 
 Crary ; Second District, Aylett R. Cotton ; Third District, W. G. Donnan ; 
 Fourth District, Madison M. Waldon ; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer ; Sixth 
 District, Jackson Orr. 
 
 Forty-third Congress — 1873 to 1875. — First District, George W. McCrary; 
 Second District, Aylett R. Cotton; Third District, William Y. Donnan ; Fourth 
 District, Henry 0. Pratt ; Fifth District, James Wilson ; Sixth District, 
 
 * Ya:ated scat by accept ince of commission as Brigadier General, and J. F. Wilson chosen his successor. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 229 
 
 William Lougliridge; Seventh District, John A, Kasson ; Eighth District, 
 James W. McDill ; Ninth District, Jackson Orr. 
 
 Forty-fourth Congress — 1S7S to 1877. — First District, George W. Mc- 
 Crary ; Second District, John Q. Tufts ; Third District, L. L. Ainsworth ; 
 Fourth District, Henry 0. Pratt; Fifth District, James Wilson ; Sixth District, 
 Ezekiel S. Sampson ; Seventh District, John A. Kasson ; Eighth District, 
 James W. McDill ; Fifth District, Addison Oliver. 
 
 Forty-iifth Congress — 1877 to 1870. — First District, J. C. Stone; Second 
 District, Hiram Price ; Third District, T. W. Burdick ; Fourth District, H. C. 
 Deering ; Fifth District, Rush Clark ; Sixth District, E. S. Sampson ; 
 Seventh District, H. J. B. Cummings ; Eighth District, W. F. Sapp ; Ninth 
 District, Addison Oliver. 
 
 WAR RECORD. 
 
 The State of Iowa may well be proud of her record during the War of the 
 Rebellion, from 1861 to 1865. The following brief but comprehensive sketch of 
 the history she made during that trying period is largely from the pen of Col. A. 
 P. Wood, of Dubuque, the author of " The History of Iowa and the Wai-," one 
 of the best works of the kind yet written. 
 
 "Whether in the promptitude of her responses to the calls made on her by 
 the General Government, in the courage and constancy of her soldiery in the 
 field, or in the wisdom and efficiency with which her civil administration was 
 conducted during the trying period covered by the War of the Rebellion, Iowa 
 proved herself the peer of any loyal State. The proclamation of her Governor, 
 responsive to that of the President, calling for volunteers to compose her First 
 Regiment, was issued on the fourth day after the fall of Sumter. At the end 
 of only a single week, men enough were reported to be in quarters (mostly in 
 the vicinity of their own homes) to fill the regiment. These, however, were 
 hardly more than a tithe of the number who had been offered by company com- 
 manders for acceptance under the President's call. So urgent were these offers 
 that the Governor requested (on the 24th of April) permission to organize an 
 additional regiment. While awaiting an answer to this request, he conditionally 
 accepted a sufficient number of companies to compose two additional regiments. 
 In a short time, he was notified that both of these Avould be accepted. Soon 
 after the completion of the Second and Third Regiments (which was near the 
 close of May), the Adjutant General of the State reported that upward of one 
 hundred and seventy companies had been tendered to the Governor to serve 
 against the enemies of the Union. 
 
 " Much difficulty and considerable delay occured in fitting these regiments 
 for the field. For the First Infantry a complete outfit (not uniform) of clothing 
 was extemporized — principally by the volunteered labor of loyal Avomen in the 
 different towns — from material of various colors and qualities, obtained within 
 the limits of the State. The same was done in part for the Second Infantry. 
 Meantime, an extra session of the General Assembly had been called by the 
 Governor, to convene on the 15th of May. With but little delay, that body 
 authorized a loan of $800,000, to meet the extraordinary expenses incurred, and 
 to be incurred, by the Executive Department, in consequence of the new emer- 
 gency. A wealthy merchant of the State (Ex-Governor Merrill, then a resident 
 of McGregor) immediately took from the Governor a contract to supply a com- 
 plete outfit of clothing for the tliree regiments organized, agreeing to receive, 
 should the Governor so elect, his pay therefor in State bonds at par. This con- 
 
230 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 tract he executed to the letter, and a portion of the clothing (which -was manu- 
 factured in Boston, to his order) was delivered at Keokuk, the place at which 
 the troops had rendezvoused, in exactly one month from the day on which the 
 contract had been entered into. The remainder arrived only a few days later. 
 This clothing Avas delivered to the regiment, but was subsequently condemned 
 by the Government, for the reason that its color Avas gray, and blue had been 
 adopted as the color to be worn by the national troops." 
 
 Other States also clothed their troops, sent forward under the first call of 
 President Lincoln, with gray uniforms, but it was soon found that the con- 
 federate forces were also clothed in gray, and that color was at once abandoned 
 by the Union troops. If both armies were clothed alike, annoying if not fatal 
 mistakes were liable to be made. 
 
 But while engaged in these efforts to discharge her whole duty in common with 
 all the other Union-loving States in the great emergency, Iowa was compelled 
 to make immediate and ample provision for the protection of her own borders, 
 from threatened invasion on the south by the Secessionists of Missouri, and 
 from danger of incursions from the west and northwest by bands of hostile 
 Indians, who were freed from the usual restraint imposed upon them by the 
 presence of regular troops stationed at the frontier posts. These troops were 
 withdrawn to meet the greater and more pressing danger threatening the life of 
 the nation at its very heart. 
 
 To provide for the adequate defense of her borders from the ravages of both 
 rebels in arms against the Government and of the more irresistible foes from 
 the Western plains, the Governor of the State was authorized to raise and equip 
 two regiments of infantry, a squadron of cavalry (not less than five companies) 
 and a battalion of artillery (not less than three companies.) Only cavalry were 
 enlisted for home defense, however, "but," says Col. Wood, "in times of special 
 danger, or when calls were made by the Unionists of Northern Missouri for 
 assistance against their disloyal enemies, large numbers of militia on foot often 
 turned out, and remained in the field until the necessity for their services had 
 passed. 
 
 " The first order for the Iowa volunteers to move to the field was received 
 on the 13th of June. It was issued by Gen. Lyon, then commanding the 
 United States forces in Missouri. The First and Second Infantry immediately 
 embarked in steamboats, and moved to Hannibal. Some two weeks later, the 
 Third Infantry was ordered to the same point. These three, together with 
 many other of the earlier organized Iowa regiments, rendered their first field 
 service in Missouri. The First Infantry formed a part of the little army Avith 
 which Gen. Lyon moved on Springfield, and fought the bloody battle of Wilson's 
 Creek. It received unqualified praise for its gallant bearing on the field. In 
 the following month (September), the Third Iowa, with but very slight support, 
 fought Avith honor the sanguinary engagement of Blue Mills Landing ; and in 
 November, the Seventh loAva, as a part of a force commanded by Gen. Grant, 
 greatly distinguished itself in the battle of Belmont, Avhere it poured out its 
 blood like Avater — losing more than half of the men it took into action, 
 
 " The initial operations in Avhich the battles referred to took place Avere fol- 
 lowed by the more important movements led by Gen. Grant, Gen. Curtis, of 
 this State, and other commanders, Avhich resulted in defeating the armies 
 defending the chief strategic lines held by the Confederates in Kentucky, Tenn- 
 nessee, Missouri and Arkansas, and compelling their Avithdrawal from much of 
 the territory previously controlled by them in those States. In these and other 
 movements, down to the grand culminating campaign by Avhich Vicksburg was 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 231 
 
 captured and the Confederacy permanently severed on the line of the Mississippi 
 River, Iowa troops took part in steadily increasing numbers. In the investment 
 and siege of Vicksburg, the State was represented by thirty regiments and two 
 batteries, in addition to which, eight regiments and one battery were employed 
 on the outposts of the besieging army. The brilliancy of their exploits on the 
 many fields where they served won for them the highest meed of praise, both 
 in military and civil circles. Multiplied were the terms in which expression 
 was given to this sentiment, but these words of one of the journals of a neigh- 
 boring State, ' The Iowa troops have been heroes among heroes,' embody the 
 spirit of all. 
 
 " In the veteran re-enlistments that distinguished the closing months of 1863 
 above all other periods in the history of re-enlistments for the national armies, 
 the Iowa three years' men (who were relatively more numerous than those of any 
 other State) were prompt to set the example of volunteering for another term of 
 equal length, thereby adding many thousands to the great army of those who 
 gave this renewed and practical assurance that the cause of the Union should 
 not be left without defenders. 
 
 "In all the important movements of 1864-65, by which the Confederacy- 
 was penetrated in every quarter, and its military power finally overthrown, tha 
 Iowa troops took part. Their drum-beat was heard on the banks of everj great 
 river of the South, from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, and everywhere they 
 rendered the same faithful and devoted service, maintaining on all occasions their 
 wonted reputation for valor in the field and endurance on the march. 
 
 " Two Iowa three-year cavalry regiments were employed during their whole 
 term of service in the operations that were in progress from 1863 to 1866- 
 against the hostile Indians of the western plains. A portion of these men were 
 among the last of the volunteer troops to be mustered out of service. The State 
 also supplied a considerable number of men to the navy, who took part in most 
 of the liaval operations prosecuted against the Confederate power on the Atlantic 
 and Gulf coasts, and the rivers of the West. 
 
 " The people of Iowa were early and constant workers in the sanitary field, 
 and by their liberal gifts and personal efforts for the benefit of the soldiery, 
 placed their State in the front rank of those who became distinguished for their 
 exhibitions of patriotic benevolence during the period covered by the Avar. 
 Agents appointed by the Governor were stationed at points convenient for ren- 
 dering assistance to the sick and needy soldiers of the State, while others were 
 employed in visiting, from time to time, hospitals, camps and armies in the field, 
 and doing whatever the circumstances rendered possible for the health and 
 comfort of such of the Iowa soldiery as might be found there. 
 
 " Some of the benevolent people of the State early conceived the idea of 
 establishing a Home for such of the children of deceased soldiers as might be 
 left in destitute circumstances. This idea first took form in 1863, and in the 
 following year a Home w^as opened at Farmington, Van Buren County, in a 
 building leased for that purpose, and which soon became filled to its utmost 
 capacity. The institution received liberal donations from tlie general public, 
 and also from the soldiers in the field. In 1865, it became necessary to pro- 
 vide increased accommodations for the large number of children who were 
 seeking the benefits of its care. This was done by establishing a branch 
 at Cedar Falls, in Black Hawk County, and by securing, during the same 
 year, for the use of the parent Home, Camp Kinsman near the City of 
 Davenport. This property was soon afterward donated to the institution, by 
 act of Congress. 
 
232 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 " In 18G6, in pursuance of a law enacted for that purpose, the Soldiers' 
 Orphans' Home (which then contained about four hundred and fifty inmates) 
 became a State institution, and thereafter the sums necessary for its support were 
 appropriated from the State treasury. A second branch was established at 
 Glenwood, Mills County. Convenient tracts were secured, and valuable improve- 
 ments made at all the different points. Schools were also established, and em- 
 ployments provided for such of the children as were of suitable age. In all 
 ways the provision made for these wards of the State hasljcen such as to chal- 
 lenge the approval of every benevolent mind. The number of children who 
 have been inmates of the Home from its foundation to the present time is 
 considerably more than two thousand. 
 
 " At the beginning of the war, the population of Iowa included about one 
 hundred and fifty thousand men presumably liable to render military service. 
 The State raised, for general service, thirty-nine regiments of infantry, nine 
 rec^iments of cavalry, and four companies of artillery, composed of three years' 
 men ; one regiment of infiintry, composed of three months' men ; and four regi- 
 ments and one battalion of infantry, composed of one hundred days' men. The 
 original enlistments in these various organizations, including seventeen hundred 
 and twenty-seven men raised by draft, numbered a little more than sixty-nine 
 thousand. The re-enlistments, including upward of seven thousand veterans, 
 numbered very nearly eight thousand. The enlistments in the regular army 
 and navy, and organizations of other States, Avill, if added, raise the total to 
 upward of eighty thousand. The number of men who, under special enlistments, 
 and as militia, took part at different times in the operations on the exposed 
 borders of the State, was probably as many as five thousand. 
 
 " Iowa paid no bounty on account of the men she placed in the field. In 
 some instances, toward the close of the war, bounty to a comparatively small 
 amount was paid by cities and towns. On only one occasion — that of the call 
 of July 18, 1864 — was a draft made in Iowa. This did not occur on account of 
 her proper liability, as established by previous rulings of the War Department, 
 to supply men under that call, but grew out of the great necessity that there 
 existed for raising men. The Government insisted on temporarily setting aside, 
 in part, the former rule of settlements, and enforcing a draft in all cases where 
 8ubdistricts in any of the States should be found deficient in their supply of 
 men. In no instance was Iowa, as a whole, found to be indebted to the General 
 Government for men, on a settlement of her quota accounts." 
 
 It is to be said to the honor and credit of Iowa that while many of the loyal 
 States, older and larger in population and wealth, incurred heavy Stale debts 
 for the purpose of fulfilling their obligations to the General Government, Iowa, 
 while she was foremost in duty, while she promptly discharged all her obligations 
 to her sister States and the Union, found herself at the close of the war without 
 any material addition to her pecuniary liabilities incurred before the war com- 
 menced. Upon final settlement after the restoration of peace, her claims upon 
 the Federal Government wei'e found to be fully equal to the amount of hei- bonds 
 issued and sold during the Avar to provide the means for raising and equipping 
 her troops sent into the field, and to meet the inevitable demands upon her 
 treasury in consequence of the war. 
 
HISTOHY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 233 
 
 INFANTRY. 
 
 THE FIRST INFANTRY 
 
 was organized under the President's first proclamation for volunteers for three 
 months, with John Francis Bates, of Dubuque, as Colonel ; William H. Mer- 
 ritt, of Cedar Rapids, as Lieutenant Colonel, and A. B. Porter, of Mt. Pleas- 
 ant, as Major. Companies A and C were from Muscatine County; Company 
 B, from Johnson County ; Companies D and E, from Des Moines County ; 
 Company F, from Henry County; Company G, from Davenport; Companies 
 H and I, from Dubuque, and Company K, from Linn County, and were mus- 
 tered into United States service May 14, 1861, at Keokuk. The above com- 
 panies were independent military organizations before the war, and tendered 
 their services before breaking-out of hostilities. The First was engaged at the 
 battle of Wilson's Creek, under Gen. Lyon, where it lost ten killed and fifty 
 wounded. Was mustered out at St. Louis Aug. 25, 1861. 
 
 THE SECOND INFANTRY 
 
 was organized, with Samuel R. Curtis, of Keokuk, as Colonel ; Jas. M. Tuttle, 
 of Keosauqua, as Lieutenant Colonel, and M. M. Crocker, of Des Moines, as 
 Major, and was mustered into the United States service at Keokuk in May, 
 1861. Company A was from Keokuk; Company B, from Scott County; Com- 
 pany C, from Scott County ; Company D, from Des Moines ; Company E, from 
 Fairfield, Jefferson Co. ; Company F, from Van Buren County ; Company G, 
 from Davis County; Company H, from Washington County ; Company I, from 
 Clinton County ; and Company K, from Wapello County. It participated in the 
 following engagements : Fort Donelson, Shiloh, advance on Corinth, Corinth, 
 Little Bear Creek, Ala.; Tunnel Creek, Ala.; Resaca, Ga.; Rome Cross Roads, 
 Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Nick-a-Jack Creek, in front of Atlanta, January 22, 
 1864 ; siege of Atlanta, Jonesboro, Eden Station, Little Ogeechee, Savannah, 
 Columbia, S. C. ; Lynch's Creek, and Bentonsville. Was on Sherman's march 
 to the sea, and through the Carolinas home. The Second Regiment of Iowa 
 Infantry Veteran Volunteers was formed by the consolidation of the battalions 
 of the Second and Third Veteran Infantry, and was mustered out at Louisville, 
 Ky., July 12, 1865. 
 
 THE THIRD INFANTRY 
 
 was organized with N. G. Williams, of Dubuque County, as Colonel ; John 
 Scott, of Story County, Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. N. Stone, of Marion County, 
 Major, and was mustered into the United States service in May, 1861, at 
 Keokuk. Company A was from Dubuque County ; Company B, from Marion 
 County ; Company C, from Clayton County ; Company D, from Winneshiek 
 County ; Company E, from Boone, Story, Marshall and Jasper Counties ; Com- 
 pany F, from Fayette County ; Company G, from AVarren County ; Company H, 
 from Mahaska County ; Company I, from Floyd, Butler Black Hawk and 
 Mitchell Counties, and Company K from Cedar Falls. It Avas engaged atBIu« 
 Mills, Mo. ; Shiloh, Tenn. ; Ilatchie River, Matamoras, Vicksburg, Johnson, 
 Miss., Meridian expedition, and Atlanta, Atlanta campaign and Sherman's 
 march to Savannah, and through the Carolinas to Richmond and Washington. 
 The veterans of the Third Iowa Infantry were consolidated with the Second, 
 and mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 12, 1864. 
 
234 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 THE FOURTH INFANTRY 
 
 was organized with G. M. Dodge, of Council Bluffs, as Colonel ; John 
 Oalligan, of Davenport, as Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. R, English, Glenwood, 
 as Major. Company A, from Mills County, Avas mustered in at Jefferson Bar- 
 racks, Missouri, August 15, 1861 ; Company B, Pottawattamie County, was 
 ■mustered in at Council Bluffs, August 8, 186] ; Company C, Guthrie County, 
 mustered in at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., May 3, 1861 ; Company D, Decatur 
 County, at St. Louis, August 16th ; Company E, Polk County, at Council 
 Bluffs, August 8th ; Company F, Madison County, Jefferson Barracks, August 
 15th ; Company G, Ringgold County, at Jefferson Barracks, August loth ; 
 Company H, Adams County, Jefferson Barracks, August loth; Company I, 
 Wayne County, at St. Louis, August 31st; Company K, Taylor and Page 
 Counties, at St. Louis, August 31st. Was engaged at Pea Ridge, Chickasaw 
 Bayou, Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Jackson, Lookout Mountain, Missionary 
 Ridge, Ringgold, Resaca, Taylor's Ridge; came home on veteran furlough 
 February 26, 1864. Returned in April, and was in the campaign against 
 Atlanta, and Sherman's march to the sea, and thence through the Carolinas 
 to Washington and home. AVas mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 
 24, 1865. 
 
 THE FIFTH INFANTRY 
 
 "was organized with Wm. H. Worthington, of Keokuk, as Colonel ; C Z. Mat- 
 thias, of Burlington, as Lieutenant Colonel; W. S. Robertson, of Columbus City, 
 as Major, and was mustered into the United States service, at Burlington, July 
 15, 1861. Company A was from Cedar County; Company B, from Jasper 
 County ; Company C, from Louisa County; Company D, from Marshall County ; 
 Company E, from Buchanan County ; Company F, from Keokuk County ; Com- 
 pany G, from Benton County ; Company H, from Van Buren County ; Company 
 I, from Jackson County ; Company K, from Allamakee County ; was engaged at 
 New Madrid, siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Ciiampion Hills, siege of Vicks- 
 burg, Chickamauga : went home on veteran furlough, April, 1864. The non- 
 veterans Avent home July, 1864, leaving 180 veterans who were transferred to 
 the Fifth Iowa Cavalry. The Fifth Cavalry Avas mustered out at Nashville, 
 Tennessee, Aug. 11, 1865. 
 
 THE SIXTH INFANTRY. 
 
 was mustered into the service July 6, 1861, at Burlington, with John A. 
 McDowell, of Keokuk, as Colonel ; Markoe Cummins, of Muscatine, Lieuten- 
 ant Colonel ; John M. Corse, of Burlington, Major. Company A Avas from 
 Linn County ; Company B, from Lucas and Clarke Counties; Company C, 
 from Hardin County ; Company D, from Appanoose County ; Company E, 
 from Monroe County ; Company F, from Clarke County ; Company G, from 
 Johnson County ; Company H, from Lee County ; Company I, from Des 
 Moines County ; Company K, from Henry County. It Avas engaged at Shiloh, 
 Mission Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Jackson, Black 
 River Bridge, Jones' Ford, etc., etc. The Sixth lost 7 officers killed in action, 18 
 Avounded ; of enlisted men 102 were killed in action, 30 died of Avounds, 124 of 
 disease, 211 Avere discharged for disability and 301 were Avounded in action, 
 which was the largest list of casualties, of both officers and men, of any reg- 
 iment from loAva. Was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 21, 1865. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 235 
 
 THE SEVENTH INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered into the United States service at Burlington, July 24, 1861, 
 with J. G. Lauman, of Burlington, as Colonel ; Augustus Wentz, of Daven- 
 port, as Lieutenant Colonel, and E. W. Rice, of Oskaloosa, as Major. Com- 
 pany A was from Muscatine County ; Company B, from Chickasaw and Floyd 
 Counties ; Company C, from Mahaska County ; Companies I) and E, from Lee 
 County ; Company F, from Wapello County ; Company G, from Iowa County ; 
 Company H, from Washington County ; Company I, from Wapello County ; 
 Company K, from Keokuk. Was engaged at the battles of Belmont (in which 
 it lost in killed, wounded and missing 237 men), Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, 
 Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Corinth, Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, ISTew Hope 
 Church, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Nick-a-Jack Creek, siege of Atlanta, 
 battle on 22d of July in front of Atlanta, Sherman's campaign to the ocean, 
 through the Carolinas to Richmond, and thence to Louisville. Was mustered 
 out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 12, 1865. 
 
 THE EIGHTH INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered into the L'nited States service Sept. 12, 1861, at Davenport, 
 Iowa, Avith Frederick Steele, of the regular army, as Colonel ; James L. Geddes, 
 of A^inton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and J. C. Ferguson, of Knoxville, as Major. 
 Company A was from Clinton County ; Company B, from Scott County ; 
 Company C, from Washington County ; Company D, from Benton and Linn 
 Counties ; Company E, from Marion County ; Company F, from Keokuk 
 County ; Company G, from Iowa and Johnson Counties ; Company H. from 
 Mahaska County ; Company I, from Monroe County ; Company K, from Lou- 
 isa County. Was engaged at the following battles : Shiloh (where most of the 
 regiment were taken prisoners of war), Corinth, Vicksburg, Jackson and Span- 
 ish Fort. Was mustered out of the United States service at Selma, Alabama, 
 April 20, 1866. 
 
 THE NINTH INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered into the L^nited States service September 24, 1861, at Dubuque, 
 with Wm. A^andever, of Dubuque, Colonel ; Frank G. Herron, of Dubuque, 
 Lieutenant Colonel ;. Wm. H. Coyle, of Decorah, Major. Company A was 
 from Jackson County ; Company B, from Jones County ; Company C, fr^m Bu- 
 chanan County ; Company D, from Jones County ; Company E, from Clayton 
 County ; Company F, from Fayette County ; Company G, from Black Hawk 
 County ; Company H, from Winneshiek County ; Company I, from Howard 
 County and Company K, from Linn County. Was in the following engage- 
 ments : Pea Ridge, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg, 
 Ringgold, Dallas, Lookout Mountain, Atlanta campaign, Sherman's march to 
 the sea, and through North and South Carolina to Richmond. Was mustered 
 out at Louisville, July 18, 1865. 
 
 THE TENTH INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered into the LTniteJ States service at Iowa City September 6, 1861, 
 with Nicholas Perczel, of Davenport, as Colonel ; W. E. Small, of Iowa City, 
 as Lieutenant Colonel ; and John C. Bennett, of Polk County, as Major. Com- 
 pany A was from Polk County ; Company B, from Warren County ; Company 
 C, from Tama County ; Company I), from Boone County ; Company E, from 
 Washington County ; Company F, from Poweshiek County ; Company G, from 
 
236 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 Warren County ; Company H, from Greene County ; Company I, from Jasper 
 County ; Company K, from Polk and Madison Counties. Participated in the 
 following engagements : Siege of Corinth, luka. Corinth, Port Gibson, Ray- 
 mond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Vicksburg and Mission Ridge. In Septem- 
 ber, 1804, the non-veterans being mustered out, the veterans were transferred 
 to the Fifth Iowa Cavalry, where will be found their future operations. 
 
 THE ELEVENTH INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered into the United States service at Davenport, Iowa, in September 
 and October, 1861, with A. M. Hare, of Muscatine, as Colonel ; Jno. C. Aber- 
 crombie, as Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. Hall, of Davenport, as Major. Com- 
 pany A was from Muscatine ; Company B, from Marshall and Hardin Counties ; 
 Company C, from Louisa County ; Company D, from Muscatine County ; Com- 
 pany E, from Cedar County ; Company F, from Washington County ; Company 
 G, from Henry County ; Company H, from Muscatine County ; Company I 
 from Muscatine County ; Company K, from Linn County. Was engaged in the 
 battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, battles of Corinth, Vicksburg, Atlanta cam- 
 naign, battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864. Was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., 
 July 15, 1865. 
 
 THE TWELFTH INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered into the United States service November 25, 1861, at Dubuque, 
 with J. J. Wood, of Maquoketa, as Colonel ; John P. Coulter, of Cedar Rapids, 
 Lieutenant Colonel ; Samuel D. Brodtbeck, of Dubuque, as Major. Company 
 A was from Hardin County ; Company B, from Allamakee County ; Company C, 
 from Fayette County; Company D, from Linn County ; Company E, from Black 
 Hawk County ; Company F, from Delaware County ; Company G, from Winne- 
 shiek County ; Company H, from Dubuque and Delaware Counties ; Company 
 I, from Dubuque and Jackson Counties ; Company K, from Delaware County. 
 It was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, w^here most of the regiment Avas 
 captured, and those not captured were organized in what Avas called the Union 
 Brigade, and Avere in the battle of Corinth ; the prisoners were exchanged 
 November 10, 1862, and the regiment re-organized, and then participating in 
 the siege of Vicksburg, battle of Tupelo, Miss.; White River, Nashville and 
 Spanish Fort. The regiment was mustered out at Memphis, January 20, 1866. 
 
 THE THIRTEENTH INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered in November 1, 1861, at Davenport, Avith INI. M. Crocker, of Des 
 Moines, as Colonel ; M. M. Price, of Davenport, Lieutenant Colonel ; John 
 Shane, Vinton, Major. Company A Avas from Mt. Vernon ; Company B, from 
 Jasper County ; Company C, from Lucas County ; Company D, from Keokuk 
 County ; Company E, from Scott County ; Company F, from Scott and Linn 
 Counties ; Company G, from Benton County ; Company H, from Marshall County ; 
 Company I, from Washington County ; Company K, from Washington County. 
 It participated in the folloAving engagements : Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Corinth, 
 KenesaAv Mountain, siege of Vicksburg, Campaign against Atlanta. Was on 
 Sherman's march to the sea, and through North and South Carolina. Was 
 mustered out at Louisville July 21, 1865. 
 
 THE FOURTEENTH INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered in the United States service October, 1861, at Davenport, with 
 Wm. T. Shaw, of Anamosa, as Colonel ; EdAvard W. Lucas, of Iowa City, as 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 237 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel ; Hiram Leonard, of Des Moines County, as Major. Com- 
 pany A was from Scott County ; Company B, from Bremer County ; Company 
 D, from Henry and Van Buren Counties ; Company E, from Jasper County ; 
 Company F, from Van Buren and Henry Counties ; Company G, from Tama and 
 Scott Counties ; Company H, from Linn County ; Company I, from Henry 
 County ; Company K, from Des Moines County. Participated in the follow- 
 ing engagements : Ft. Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth (where most of the regiment 
 Avere taken prisoners of war), Pleasant Hill, Meridian, Ft. De Russey, Tupelo, 
 Town Creek, Tallahatchie, Pilot Knob, Old Town, Yellow Bayou, etc., etc., 
 and was mustered out, except veterans and recruits, at Davenport, Iowa, No- 
 vember 16, 1864. 
 
 THE FIFTEENTH INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered into the United States service March 19, 1862, at Keokuk, with 
 Hugh T. Beid, of Keokuk, as Colonel; Wm. Dewey, of Fremont County, as 
 Lieutenint Colonel ; W. W. Belknap, of Keokuk, as Major. Company A Avas 
 from Linn County; Company B, from Polk County; Company C, from Mahaska 
 County ; Company D, from Wapello County ; Company E, from Van Buren 
 County; Company F, from Fremont and Mills Counties; Company G, from 
 Marion and Warren Counties ; Company H, from Pottawattamie and Harrison 
 Counties ; Company I, from Lee, Van Buren and Clark Counties ; Company K, 
 from Wapello, Van Buren and Warren Counties. Participated in the battle of 
 Shiloh, siege of Corinth, battles of Corinth, Vicksburg, campaign against At- 
 lanta, battle in front of Atlanta, July 22, 1864, and was under fire during 
 the siege of Atlanta eighty-one days; was on Sherman's march to the sea, and 
 through the Carolinas to Richmond, Washington and Louisville, where it was 
 mustered out, August 1, 1864. 
 
 THE SIXTEENTH INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered into the United States service at Davenport, Iowa, December 10, 
 
 1861, with Alexander Chambers, of the regular army, as Colonel; A. H. 
 Sanders, of Davenport, Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. Purcell, of Muscatine, 
 Major. Company A was from Clinton County ; Company B, from Scott 
 County; Company C, from Muscatine County ; Company D, from Boone County; 
 Company E, from Muscatine (bounty ; Company F, from Muscatine, Clinton and 
 Scott Counties ; Company G, from Dubuque County ; Company H, from Du- 
 buque and Clayton Counties ; Company I, from Black Hawk and Linn Counties ; 
 Company K, from Lee and Muscatine Counties. Was in the battles of Shiloh, 
 siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Kenesaw Mountain, Nick-a-Jack Creek, battles 
 around Atlanta; was in Sherman's campaigns, and the Carolina campaigns. 
 Was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 19, 1865. 
 
 THE SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered into the United States service at Keokuk, in March and April, 
 
 1862, with Jno. W. Rankin, of Keokuk, Colonel ; D. B. Hillis, of Keokuk, 
 as Lientenant Colonel; Samuel M. Wise, of Mt. Pleasant, Major. Company 
 A was from Decatur County; Company B, from Lee County; Company C, 
 from Van Buren, Wapello and Lee Counties; Company D, from Des Moines, 
 Van Buren and Jefferson Counties; Company E, from Wapello County; Com- 
 pany F, from Appanoose County ; Company G, from Marion County ; Com- 
 pany H, from Marion and Pottawattamie Counties; Company I, from Jefferson 
 and" Lee Counties; Company K, from Lee and Polk Counties. They were in 
 
238 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 the following engagements : Siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Jackson, Cham- 
 pion Hills, Fort Hill, siege of A^icksburg, Mission Ridge, and at Tilton, Ga., 
 Oct. 13, 1864, most of the regiment were taken prisoners of war. Was mus- 
 tered out at Louisville, Ky., July 25, 1865. 
 
 THE EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered into the United States service August 5, 6 and 7, 1862, at Clin- 
 ton, with John Edwards, of Chariton, Colonel ; T. Z. Cook, of Cedar Rapids, 
 Lieutenant Colonel ; Hugh J. Campbell, of Muscatine, as Major, Company 
 A, was from Linn and various other counties ; Company B, from Clark County; 
 Company C, from Lucas County; Company D, from Keokuk and Wapello 
 Counties; Company E, from Muscatine County; Company F, from Appanoose 
 County ; Company G, from Marion and Warren Counties ; Company H, from 
 Fayette and Benton Counties; Company I, from Washington County; Com- 
 pany K, from Wapello, Muscatine and Henry Counties, and was engaged in 
 the battles of Springfield, Moscow, Poison Spring, Ark., and was mustered out 
 at Little Rock, Ark., July 20, 1865. 
 
 THE NINETEENTH INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered into the LTnited States service August 17, 1862, at Keokuk, wnth 
 Benjamin Crabb, of Washington, as Colonel; Samuel McFarland, of Mt. Pleas- 
 ant, Lieutenant Colonel, and Daniel Kent, of Ohio, Major. Company A was 
 from Lee and Van Buren Counties; Company B, from Jefferson County; Com- 
 pany C, from Washington County ; Company D, from Jefferson County ; Com- 
 pany E, from Lee County; Company F, from Louisa County; Company G, 
 from Louisa County; Company H, from Van Buren County; Company I, from 
 Van Buren County: Company K, from Henry County. Was engaged a Prairie 
 Grove, Vicksburg, Yazoo River expedition, Sterling Farm, September 29, 1863, 
 at which place they surrendered ; three officers and eight enlisted men were 
 killed, sixteen enlisted men were woun'\ed, and eleven officers and two hundred 
 and three enlisted men taken prisoners out of five hundred engaged; they 
 were exchanged July 22d, and joined their regiment August 7th, at New Or- 
 leans. Was engaged at Spanish Fort, Was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., July 
 10, 1865. 
 
 THE T\VENTIETH INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered into the United States service August 25, 1862, at Clinton, with 
 Wm. McE. Dye, of Marion, Linn Co., as Colonel : J, B. Leek, of Davenport, as 
 Lieutenant Colonel, and Wm, G, Thompson, of Marion, Linn Co,, as Major, 
 pompanies A, B, F, H and I were from Linn County ; Companies C, D, E, G 
 and K, from Scott County, and was engaged in the following battles: Prairie 
 Grove, and assault on Fort Blakely. Was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., July 
 8, 1865. 
 
 THE TWENTY-FIRST INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered into the service at Clinton in June and August, 1862, with 
 Samuel Merrill (late Governor of Iowa) as Colonel ; Charles W. Dunlap, of 
 Mitchell, as Lieutenant Colonel ; S. G, VanAnda, of Delhi, as Major, Com- 
 pany A was from Mitchell and Black Hawk Counties ; Company B, from 
 Clayton County ; Company C, from Dubuque County ; Company D, from 
 Clayton County ; Company E, from Dubuque County ; Company F, from Du- 
 bu(iuo County ; Company G, from Clayton County ; Company II, from Dela- 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 239 
 
 ware County ; Company I, from Dubuque County ; Company K, from Delaware 
 County, and was in the following engagements : Hartsville, Mo. ; Black E-iver 
 Bridge, Fort Beauregard, was at the siege of Vicksburg, Mobile, Fort Blakely, 
 and was mustered out at Baton Rouge, La., July 15, 1865. 
 
 THE TWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered into the United States service Sept. 10, 1862, at Iowa City, with 
 Wm. M. Stone, of Knoxville (since Governor of Iowa), as Colonel ; Jno. A. 
 Garrett, of Newton, Lieutenant Colonel ; and Harvey Graham, of Iowa City, 
 as Major. Company A was from Johnson County ; Company B, Johnson 
 County ; Company C, Jasper County ; Company D, Monroe County ; Company 
 E, Wapello County ; Company F, Johnson County ; Company G, Johnson 
 County ; Company H, Johnson County ; Company I, Johnson County ; Com- 
 pany K, Johnson County. Was engaged at Vicksburg, Thompson's Hill, Cham- 
 pion Hills, Sherman's campaign to Jackson, at Winchester, in Shenandoah Val- 
 ley, losing 109 men, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. Mustered out at Savannah, 
 Ga., July 25, 1865. 
 
 THE TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered into United States service at Des Moines, Sept. 19, 1862, with 
 William Dewey, of Sidney, as Colonel ; W. H. Kinsman, of Council Bluffs, as 
 Lieutenant Colonel, and S. L. Glasgow, of Corydon, as Major. Companies 
 A, B and C, were from Polk County; Company D, from Wayne County; Com- 
 pany E, from Pottawattamie County ; Company F, from Montgomery County ; 
 Company G, from Jasper County; Company H, from Madison County; Com- 
 pany I, from Cass County, and Company K, from Marshall County. Was in 
 Vicksburg, and engaged at Port Gibson, Black River, Champion Hills, Vicks- 
 burg, Jackson, Milliken's Bend, Fort Blakely, and was mustered out at Llarris- 
 burg, Texas, July 26, 1865 
 
 THE TWENTY-FOURTH 
 
 was mustered into United States service at Muscatine, September 18, 1862, 
 with Eber C. Byam, of Mount Vernon, as Colonel; John Q. Wilds, of Mount 
 Vernon, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Ed. Wright, of Springdale, as Major. 
 Company A was from Jackson and Clinton Counties ; Companies B and C, 
 from Cedar County; Company D, from Washington, Johnson and Cedar 
 Counties; Company E, from Tama County; Companies F, G and H, from 
 Linn County ; Company I, from Jackson County, and Company K, from Jones 
 County. Was engaged at Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Gen. Banks' Red 
 River expedition, Winchester and Cedar Creek. Was mustered out at Savan-' 
 nah, Ga., July 17, 1865. 
 
 THE TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY 
 
 was organized with George A. Stone, of Mount Pleasant, as Colonel ; Fabian 
 Brydolf as Lieutenant Colonel, and Calom Taylor, of Bloomfield, as Major, 
 and was mustered into United States service at Mount Pleasant, September 27, 
 1862. Companies A and I were from Washington County; Companies B and 
 H, from Henry County ; Company C, from Henry and Lee Counties ; Com- 
 panies D, E and G, from Des Moines County ; Company F, from Louisa 
 County, and Company K, from Des Moines and Lee Counties. Was engaged 
 at Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Walnut Bluft', Chattanooga, Campain, Ring- 
 
240 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 gold, Ga., Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, battles around Atlanta, Love- 
 joy Station, Jonesboro, Ship's Gap, Bentonville, and on Sherman's march 
 through Georgia and the Carolmas, to Richmond and Washington. Was 
 mustered out at Washington, D. C, June 6, 18(35. 
 
 THE TWENTY- SIXTH 
 
 was organized and musterzd in at Clinton, in August, 1862, with Milo Smith, 
 of Clinton, as Colonel ; S. G. Magill, of Lyons, as Lieutenant Colonel, and 
 Samuel Clark, of De Witt, as Major. Company A was from Clinton and 
 Jackson Counties; Company B, from Jackson County; Companies C, D, E, 
 F, G, II, I and K, from Clinton County. Was engaged at Arkansas Post, 
 Vicksburg, Snake Creek Gap, Ga., Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, De- 
 catur, siege of Atlanta, Ezra Church, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, Ship's Gap, 
 Sherman's campaign to Savannah, went through the Carolinas, and was mus- 
 tered out of service at Washington, D. C, June 6, 1865. 
 
 THE TWENTY-SEVENTH y 
 
 was mustered into United States service at Dubuque, Oct. 3, 1862, with James 
 I. Gilbert, of Lansing, as Colonel ; Jed Lake, of Independence, as Lieutenant 
 Colonel ; and G. W. Howard, of Bradford, as Major. Companies A, B and I 
 were from Allamakee County; Companies C and H, from Buchanan County; 
 Companies D and E, from Clayton County ; Company F, from Delaware 
 County ; Company G, from Floyd and Chickasaw Counties, and Company K, 
 from Mitchell County. Engaged at Little Rock, Ark., was on Red River ex- 
 pedition, Fort De Russey, Pleasant Hill, Yellow Bayou, Tupelo, Old Town 
 Creek and Fort Blakely. Was mustered out at Clinton, Iowa, Aug. 8, 1865. 
 
 THE TWENTY-EIGHTH 
 
 was organized at Iowa City, and mustered in Nov. 10, 1862, with William E. 
 Miller, of Iowa City, as Colonel; John Connell, of Toledo, as Lieutenant Colonel, 
 and H. B. Lynch, of Millersburg, as Major. Companies A and D were 
 from Benton County ; Companies B and G, from Iowa County ; Companies 
 C, H and I, from Poweshiek County ; Company E, from Johnson County ; 
 Company F, from Tama County, and Company K, from Jasper County. Was 
 engaged at Port Gibson, Jackson and siege of Vicksburg; Avas on Banks' Red 
 River expedition, and engaged at Sabine Cross Roads ; was engaged in Shen- 
 andoah Valley, Va., and engaged at "Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. 
 Was mustered out of service at Savannah, Ga., July 31, 1865. 
 
 THE TWENTY-NINTH 
 
 was organized at Council Bluffs, and mustered into the United States service 
 December 1, 1862, with Thomas H. Benton, Jr., of Council Bluffs, as Colonel; 
 R. F. Patterson, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel; and Charles B. Shoe- 
 maker, of Clarinda, as Major. Company A was from Pottawattamie County; 
 Company B, from Pottawattamie and Mills Counties ; Company C, from Harrison 
 County ; Company D, from Adair and Adams Counties , Company E, from 
 Fremont County ; Company F, from Taylor County ; Company G, from Ring- 
 gold County. Was engaged at Helena, Arkansas and Spanish Fort. Was 
 mustered out at New Oilcans August 15, 1865. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 241 
 
 THE THIRTIETH INFANTRY 
 
 was organized at Keokuk, and mustered into the United States service September 
 23, 1862, with Charles B. Abbott, of Louisa County, as Colonel ; Wm. M. G. Tor- 
 rence, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and Lauren Dewey, of Mt. Pleasant, as 
 Major. Companies A and I were from Lee County ; Company B, from Davis 
 County ; Companj^ C, from Des Moines County ; Company D, from Van Buren 
 County ; Companies E and K from Washington County ; Company F, from 
 Davis County ; and Companies G and H, from Jefferson County. Was 
 engaged at Arkansas Post, Yazoo City, Vicksburg, Cherokee, Ala., Ringgold, 
 Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Lovejoy Station, Jonesboro, Taylor's 
 Ridge ; was in Sherman's campaigns to Savannah and through the Carolinas to 
 Richmond ; was in the grand review at Washington, D. C, where it was mus- 
 tered out June 5, 1865. 
 
 THE THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY 
 
 was mustered into the service at Davenport October 13, 1862, with William 
 Smyth, of Marion, as Colonel ; J. W. Jenkins, of Maquoketa, as Lieutenant 
 Colonel; and Ezekiel Cutler, of Anamosa, as Major. Company A was from 
 Linn County; Companies B, C and D, from Black Hawk County; Companies 
 E, G and H, from Jones County; Companies F, I and K, from Jackson County. 
 Was engaged at Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Raymond, Jackson, Black 
 River, Vicksburg, Cherokee, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ringgold, 
 Taylor's Hills, Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Dallas, New Hope Church, Big 
 Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro ; was in Sherman's campaign 
 through Georgia and the Carolinas, and was mustered out at Louisville, Ken- 
 tucky, June 27, 1865 
 
 THE THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY 
 
 was organized at Dubuque, with John Scott, of Nevada, as Colonel ; E. H. 
 Mix, of Shell Rock, as Lieutenant Colonel, and G. A. Eberhart, of Waterloo, 
 as Major. Company A was from Hamilton, Hardin and Wright Counties ; 
 Company B, from Cerro Gordo County ; Company C, from Black Hawk 
 County ; Company D, from Boone County; Company E, from Butler County; 
 Company F, from Hardin County; Company G, from Butler and Floyd Coun- 
 ties ; Company H, from Franklin County ; Company I, from Webster County, 
 and Company K, from Marshall and Polk Counties, and was mustered into 
 the United States service October 5, 1862. Was engaged at Fort De Russey, 
 Pleasant Hill, Tupelo, Old Town Creek, Nashville, etc., and was mustered out 
 of the United States service at Clinton, Iowa, Aug. 24, 1865. 
 
 THE THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY 
 
 was organized at Oskaloosa, with Samuel A. Rice, of Oskaloosa, as Colonel ; 
 Cyrus H. Maskey, of Sigourney, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Hiram D. Gibson, 
 of Knoxville, as Major. Companies A and I were from Marion County; Com- 
 panies B, F and H, from Keokuk County; Companies C, D, E and K, from 
 Makaska County, and Company G, from Marion, Makaska and Polk Counties, 
 and mustered in October 1, 1862. Was engaged at Little Rock, Helena, Sa- 
 line River, Spanish Fort and Yazoo Pass. Was mustered out at New Orleans, 
 July 17, 1865. 
 
242 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 THE THIRTY-FOURTH INFAXTRY 
 
 was organized with George W. Clark, of Indianola, as Colonel ; W. S. Dungan, 
 of Chariton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and R. D. Kellogg, of Decatur County, as 
 Major, and mustered in at Burlington, October 15, 18(32. Companies A and I 
 were from Decatur County ; Companies B, C and D, from Warren County ; Com- 
 pany E, from Lucas County; Company F, from Wayne County; Company G, 
 from Lucas and Clark Counties; Company H, from Madison and Warren 
 Counties, and Company K, from Lucas County. Was engaged at Arkansas 
 Post, Ft. Gaines, etc., etc. Was consolidated with the Thirty-eighth Infantry, 
 January 1, 1865, and mustered out at Houston, Texas, August 15, 1865. 
 
 THE THIRTY-FIFTH INFANTRY 
 
 was organized at Muscatine, and mustered in the United States service Sep- 
 tember 18, 1862, with S. G. Hill, of Muscatine, as Colonel ; James H. Roth- 
 rock, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Henry O'Conner, of Muscatine, as Major. 
 Companies A, B, C, D and E, were from Muscatine County; Company F, 
 from Muscatine and Louisa Counties ; Companies G, H and I, from Muscatine 
 and Cedar Counties, and Company K, from Cedar County. Participated in 
 the battles of Jackson, siege of Vicksburg, Bayou Rapids, Bayou de Glaze, 
 Pleasant Hill, Old River Lake, Tupelo, Nashville, etc. Was mustered out at 
 Davenport, August 10, 1865. 
 
 THE THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY 
 
 was organized at Keokuk, with Charles W. Kittredge, of Ottumwa, as Colonel ; 
 F. M. Drake, of f nionville, Appanoose County, as Lieutenant Colonel, and T. 
 
 C. Woodward, of Ottumwa, as Major, and mustered in October 4, 1862 ; Com- 
 pany A was from Monroe County ; Companies B, D, E, H and K, from 
 Wapello County, and Companies C, F, G and I, from Appanoose County. 
 Was engaged in the following battles : Mark's Mills, Ark. ; Elkins' Ford, 
 Camden, Helena, Jenkins' Ferry, etc. At Mark's Mills, April 25, 1864, out 
 of 500 engaged, lost 200 killed and wounded, the balance being taken prisoners 
 of war ; was exchanged October 6, 1864. Was mustered out at Duvalls Bluff, 
 Ark., August 24, 1865. 
 
 THE THIRY-SEVENTH INFANTRY (OR GRAY BEARDS; 
 
 was organized with Geo. W. Kincaid, of Muscatine, as Colonel ; Geo. R. West, 
 of Dubuque, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Lyman Allen, of Iowa City, as Major, 
 and was mustered into U^nited States service at Muscatine December 15, 1862. 
 Company A was from Black Hawk and Linn Counties ; Company B, from 
 Muscatine County ; Company C, from Van Buren and Lee Counties ; Company 
 
 D, from Johnson and Iowa Counties ; Company E, from Wapello and Mahaska 
 Counties ; Company F, from Dubuque County ; Company G, from Appanoose, 
 Des Moines, Henry and Washington Counties ; Company H, from Henry and 
 Jefferson Counties ; Company I, from Jasper, Linn and other counties, and 
 Company K, from Scott and Fayette Counties. The object of the Thirty- 
 seventh was to do garrison duty and let the young men go to the front. It was 
 mustered out at Davenport on expiration of three years' service. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 243 
 
 THE THIRTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY 
 
 was organized at Dubuque, and mustered in November 4, 1862, with D. H. 
 Hughes, of Decorah, as Colonel ; J. 0. Hudnutt, of Waverly, as Lieutenan, 
 Colonel, and Charles Chadwick, of West Union, as Major. Companies A, Ft 
 G and H were from Fayette County ; Company B, from Bremer County ; Com- 
 pany C, from Chickasaw County ; Companies D, E and K, from Winneshiek 
 County, and Company I, from Howard County. Participated in the siege of 
 Vicksburg, Banks' Red River expedition, and on December 12, 1864, was 
 consolidated with the Thirty-fourth Infantry. Mustered out at Houston, Texas, 
 August 15, 1865. 
 
 THE THIRTY-NINTH INFANTRY 
 
 was organized with H. J. B. Cummings, of Winterset, as Colonel; James Red- 
 field, of Redfield, Dallas County, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and J. M. Griffiths, 
 of Des Moines, as Major. Companies A and F were from Madison County ; 
 Companies B and I, from Polk County ; Companies C and H, from Dallas 
 County ; Company D, from Clark County; Company E, from Greene County ; 
 Company G, from Des Moines and Henry Counties ; and Company K, from 
 Clark and Decatur Counties. Was engaged at Parker's Cross Roads, Tenn.; 
 Corinth, Allatoona, Ga.; Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Sherman's march 
 to Savannah and through the Carolinas to Richmond, and was mustered out at 
 Washington June 5, 1865. 
 
 THE FORTIETH INFANTRY 
 
 was organized at Iowa City November 15, 1862, with John A. Garrett, of 
 Newton, as Colonel; S. F. Cooper, of Grinnell, as Lieutenant Colonel; and 
 S. G. Smith, of Newton, as Major. Companies A and H were from Marion 
 County ; Company B, from Poweshiek County ; Company C, from Mahaska 
 County; Companies D and E, from Jasper County; Company F, from Ma- 
 haska and Marion Counties ; Company G, from Marion County ; Company I, 
 from Keokuk County ; and Company K, fi*om Benton and other counties. Par- 
 ticipated in the siege of Vicksburg, Steele's expedition, Banks' Red River 
 expedition, Jenkins' Ferry, etc. Was mustei-ed out at Port Gibson August 2, 
 1866. 
 
 THE FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY, 
 
 formerly Companies A, B and C of the Fourteenth Infantry, became Compa- 
 nies K, L and M of the Seventh Cavalry, under authority of the War Depart- 
 ment. Its infantry organization was under command of John Pattee, of Iowa 
 City. Company A was from Black Hawk, Johnson and other counties ; Com- 
 pany B, from Johnson County ; and Company C, from Des Moines and various 
 counties. 
 
 THE FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) 
 
 was organized at Davenport, and mustered in June 1, 1864. Company A was 
 from Dubuque County; Company B, Muscatine County; Company C, Jones, 
 Linn and Dubuque Counties ; Company D, Johnson and Linn Counties ; Com- 
 pany E, Bremer and Butler Counties ; Company F, Clinton and Jackson 
 Counties ; Company G, Marshall and Hardin Counties ; Company H, Boone 
 and Polk Counties; Companies I and K, Scott County. The Forty-fourth 
 did garrison duty at Memphis and La Grange, Tenn. Mustered out at Daven- 
 port, September 15, 1864. 
 
244 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 THE FORTY-FIFTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) 
 
 was mustered in at Keokuk, May 25, 1864, with A. H. Bereman, of Mount 
 Pleasant, as Colonel ; S. A, Moore, of Bloomfield, as Lieutenant Colonel, and 
 J. B. Hope, of Washington, as Major. The companies were from the following 
 counties: A, Henry; B, Washington ; C, Lee; D, Davis ; E, Henry and 
 Lee ; F, Des Moines ; G, Des Moines and Henry ; H, Henry ; I, Jefferson, 
 and K, Van Buren. Was mustered out at Keokuk, September 16, 1864. 
 
 THE FORTY-SIXTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) 
 
 was organized with D. B. Henderson, of Clermont, as Colonel ; L. D. Durbin, 
 of Tipton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and G. L. Tarbet, as Major, and was mus- 
 tered in at Dubuque, June 10, 1864. Company A was from Dubuque ; Com- 
 pany B, from Poweshiek ; C, fi'om Dallas and Guthrie ; D, from Taylor and 
 Fayette; E, from Ringgold and Linn ; F, from Winneshiek and Delaware ; G, 
 from Appanoose and Delaware; H, from Wayne; I, from Cedar, and K, from 
 Lucas. Was mustered out at Davenport, September 23, 1864. 
 
 THE FORTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) 
 
 was mustered into United States service at Davenport, June 4, 1864, with 
 James P. Sanford, of Oskaloosa, as Colonel; John Williams, of Iowa City, as 
 Lieutenant Colonel, and G. J. AV right, of Des Moines, as Major. Company 
 A was from Marion and Clayton Counties; Company ,B, from Appanoose 
 County ; Company C, from Wapello and Benton Counties ; Company B, from 
 Buchanan and Linn Counties; Company E, from Madison County; Company 
 F, from Polk County; Company G, from Johnson County; Company H, from 
 Keokuk County; Company I, from Mahaska County, and Company K, from 
 Wapello. 
 
 THE FORTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY — BATTALION — (100 DAYS) 
 
 was organized at Davenport, and mustered in July 13, 1864, with 0. 11. P. 
 Scott, of Farmington, as Lieutenant Colonel. Company A was from Warren 
 County; Company B, from Jasper County; Company C, from Decatur County, 
 and Company D, from Des Moines and Lee Counties, and Avas mustered out at 
 Rock Island Barracks Oct. 21, 1864. 
 
 CAVALRY. 
 
 THE FIRST CAVALRY 
 
 was organized at Burlington, and mustered into the United States service May 
 3, 1861, with Fitz Henry Warren, of Burlington, as Colonel ; Chas. E. Tvloss, 
 of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and E. W. Chamberlain, of Burlington, 
 James 0. Gower, of Iowa City, and W. M. G. Torrence, of Keokuk, as Majors. 
 Company A Avas from Lee, Van Buren and Wapello Counties ; Company B, 
 from Clinton County ; Company C, from Des Moines and Lee Counties ; Com- 
 pany D, from Madison and Warren Counties; Company E, from Henry 
 County ; Company F, from Johnson and Linn Counties ; Company G, from 
 Dubuque and Black Hawk Counties ; Company H, from Lucas and Morrison 
 Counties ; Company I, from Wapello and Des Moines Counties ; Company K, 
 from Allamakee and Clayton Counties ; Company L, from Dubuque and other 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 245 
 
 counties; Company M, from Clinton County. It Avas engaged at Pleasant 
 Hill, Mo.; Rolla, New Lexington, Elkins' Ford, Little Rock, Bayou Metoe, 
 Warrensburg, Big Creek Bluffs, Antwineville, Clear Creek, etc. Was mustered 
 out at Austin, Texas, February 15, 1866. 
 
 THE SECOND CAVALRY 
 
 ■was organized with W. L. Elliott, of the regular army, as Colonel ; Edward 
 Hatch, of Muscatine, as Lieutenant Colonel; and N. P. Hepburn, of Marshall- 
 town, D. E. Coon, of Mason City, and H. W. Love, of Iowa City, as Majors, 
 and was mustered into the United States service at Davenport September 1, 
 1861. Company A was from Muscatine County ; Company B, from Marshall 
 County ; Company C, from Scott County ; Company D, from Polk County ; 
 Company E, from Scott County ; Company F, from Hamilton and Franklin 
 Counties; Company G, from Muscatine County; Company H, from Johnson 
 County ; Company I, from Cerro Gordo, Delaware and other counties ; Com- 
 pany K, from Des Moines County ; Company L, from Jackson County, and 
 Company M, from Jackson County. The Second Cavalry participated in the 
 following military movements : Siege of Corinth, battles of Farmington, Boone- 
 ville, Rienzi, luka, Corinth, Coffeeville, Palo Alto, Birmingham, Jackson, 
 Grenada, Collierville, Moscow, Pontotoc, Tupelo, Old Town, Oxford, and en- 
 gagements against Hood's march on Nashville, battle of Nashville, etc. Was 
 mustered out at Selma, Ala., September 19, 1865. 
 
 THE THIRD CAVALRY 
 
 was organized and mustered into the United States service at Keokuk, in Au- 
 gust and September, 1861, with Cyrus Bussey, of Bloomfield, as Colonel; H. 
 H. Bussey, of Bloomfield, as Lieutenant Colonel, and C. H. Perry, H. C. Cald- 
 well and W. C. Drake, of Corydon, as Majors. Companies A and E were from 
 Davis County; Company B, from Van Buren and Lee Counties; Company C, 
 from Lee and Keokuk Counties; Company D, from Davis and Van Buren 
 Counties ; Company F, from Jefferson County ; Company G, from Van Buren 
 County; Company H, from Van Buren and Jefferson Counties; Company I, 
 from Appanoose County ; Company K, from Wapello and Marion Counties ; 
 Company L, from Decatur County, and Company M, from Appanoose and De- 
 catur Counties. It was engaged in the following battles and skirmishes: 
 Pea Ridge, La Grange, Sycamore, near Little Rock, Columbus, Pope's Farm, 
 Big Blue, Ripley, Coldwater, Osage, Tallahatchie, Moore's Mill, near Monte- 
 vallo, near Independence, Pine Bluff, Botts' Farm, Gun Town, White's Station, 
 Tupelo, Village Creek. Was mustered out of United States service at Atlanta, 
 Ga., August 9, 1865. 
 
 THE FOURTH CAVALRY 
 
 was organized with Asbury B. Porter, of Mount Pleasant, as Colonel ; Thomas 
 Drummond, of Vinton, as Lieutenant Colonel ; S. D. Swan, of Mount Pleas- 
 ant, J. E. Jewett, of Des Moines, and G. A. Stone, of Mo.snt Pleasant, as 
 Majors, and mustered into United States service at Mount Pleasant November 
 21, 1861. Company A was from Delaware County; Company C, from Jef- 
 ferson and Henry Counties ; Company D, from Henry County ; Company E, 
 
246 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 from Jasper and Poweshiek Counties ; Company F, from Wapello County ; 
 Company G, from Lee and Henry Counties ; Company H, from Chickasaw 
 County ; Company I, from Madison County ; Company K, from Henry 
 County; Company L, from Des Moines and other counties; and Company M, 
 from Jefferson County. The Fourth Cavalry lost men in the following engage- 
 ments : Guntown, Miss.; Helena, Ark.; near Bear Creek, Miss.; near Mem- 
 phis, Tenn.; Town Creek, Miss.; Columbus, Ga.; Mechanicsburg, Miss.; Little 
 Blue River, Ark.; Brownsville, Miss.; Ripley, Miss.; Black River Bridge, 
 Miss.; Grenada, Miss.; Little Red River, Ark.; Tupelo, Miss.; Yazoo River, 
 Miss.; White River, Ark.; Osage, Kan.; Lick Creek, Ark.; Okalona, Miss.; 
 St. Francis River, Ark. Was mustered out at Atlanta, Ga., August 10, 1865. 
 
 THE FIFTH CAVALRY 
 
 was organized at Omaha with Wm. W. Lowe, of the regular army, as Colo- 
 nel ; M. T. Patrick, of Omaha, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and C. S. Bernstein, 
 of Dubuque, as Major, and mustered in September '21, 1861. Companies A, 
 B, C and D were mostly from Nebraska ; Company E, from Dubuque County ; 
 Company F, from Des Moines, Dubuque and Lee Counties; Company G, from 
 Minnesota; Company H, from Jackson and other counties; Companies I and 
 K were from Minnesota ; Company L, from Minnesota and Missouri ; Com- 
 pany M, from Missouri ; Companies G, I and K were transferred to Minnesota 
 Volunteers Feb. 25, 1864. The new Company G was organized from veterans 
 and recruits and Companies C, E, F and I of Fifth Iowa Lifantry, and trans- 
 ferred to Fifth Cavalry August 8, 1864. The second Company 1 was organ- 
 ized from veterans and recruits and Companies A, B, D, G, H and K of the 
 Fifth Iowa Infmtry, and transferred to Fifth Iowa Cavalry August 18, 1864. 
 Was engaged at second battle of Fort Donelson, Wartrace, Duck River Bridge, 
 Sugar Creek, Xewnan, Camp Creek, Cumberland Works, Tenn.; Jonesboro, 
 Ebenezer Church, Lockbridge's Mills, Pulaski, Cheraw, and mustered out at 
 Nashville, Tenn., August H, 1865. 
 
 THE SIXTH CAVALRY. 
 
 was organized with D. S. Wilson, of Dubuque, as Colonel ; S. M. Pollock, of 
 Dubuque, as Lieutenant Colonel ; T. H. Shephard, of Iowa City, E. P. Ten- 
 Broeck, of Clinton, and A. E. House, of Delhi, as Majors, and was mustered 
 in at Davenport, January 31, 1863. Company A was from Scott and other 
 counties; Company B, from Dubuque and other counties; Company C, from 
 Fayette County; Company D, from Winneshiek County; Company E, from 
 Southwest counties of the State ; Company F, from Allamakee and other 
 counties ; Company G, from Delaware and Buchanan Counties ; Company H, 
 from Linn County ; Company I, from Johnson and other counties ; Company 
 K, from Linn County; Company L, from Clayton County; Company M, from 
 Johnson and Dubuque Counties. The Sixth Cavalry operated on the frontier 
 against the Indians. Was mustered out at Sioux City, October 17, 1865. 
 
 THE SEVENTH CAVALRY 
 
 was organized at Davenport, and mustered into the L^nited States service Api'il 
 27, 1863, with S. W. Summers, of Ottumwa, as Colonel ; John Pattee, of Iowa 
 City, as Lieutenant Colonel ; H. H. Heath and G. M. O'Brien, of Dubuque, 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 24T 
 
 and John S. Wood, of Ottumwa, as Majors. Companies A, B, C and D, were 
 from Wapello and other counties in immediate vicinity ; Companies E, F, G 
 and H, were from all parts of the State ; Company I, from Sioux City and 
 known as Sioux City Cavalry; Company K was originally Company A of the 
 Fourteenth Infantry and afterward Company A of the Forty-first Infantry, was 
 from Johnson and other jounties ; Company L was originally Company B, of 
 
 the Forty-first Infantry and afterward Company B, of the Forty , and 
 
 Avas from Johnson County; Company M was originally Company C, of the 
 Fourteenth Infantry, and afterward Company C, of the Forty-first and from Des 
 Moines and other counties. The Seventh Cavalry operated against the Indi- 
 ans. Excepting the Lieutenant Colonel and Companies K, L and M, the regi- 
 ment was mustered out at Leavenworth, Kansas, May 17, 1866. Companies 
 K, L, and M were mustered out at Sioux City, June 22, 1866. 
 
 THE EIGHTH CAVALRY 
 
 was organized with J. B. Dorr, of Dubuque, as Colonel ; H. G. Earner, of 
 Sidney, as Lieutenant Colonel ; John J. Bowen, of Hopkinton, J. D. Thompson, 
 of Eldora, and A. J. Price, of Guttenburg, as Majors, and were mustered in at 
 Davenport September 80, 1863. The companies were mostly from the follow- 
 ing counties : Company A, Page ; B, Wapello ; Q, Van Buren ; D, Ring- 
 gold ; E, Henry; F, Appanoose; G, Clayton ; H, Appanoose; I, Marshall; 
 K, Muscatine; L, Wapello; M, Polk. The Eighth did a large amount of duty 
 guarding Sherman's communications, in which it had many small engagements. 
 It was in the battles of Lost Mountain, Lovejoy's Station, Newnan, Nashville, 
 etc. Was on Stoneman's cavalry raid around Atlanta, and Wilson's raid 
 through Alabama. Was mustered out at Macon, Ga., August 13, 1865. 
 
 THE NINTH CAVALRY 
 
 was mustered in at Davenport, November 30, 1863, with M. M. Trumbull, of 
 Cedar Falls, as Colonel ; J. P. Knight, of Mitchell, as Lieutenant Colonel ; E. 
 T. Ensign, of Des Moines, Willis Drummond, of McGregor, and William Had- 
 dock, of Waterloo, as Majors. Company A was from Muscatine County ; 
 Company B, Linn County ; Company C, Wapello and Decatur Counties ; Com- 
 pany D, Washington County ; Company E, Fayette County ; Company F, 
 Clayton County ; Companies G and H, various counties ; Company I, Wapello 
 and Jefferson Counties ; Company K, Keokuk County ; Company L, Jasper 
 and Marion Counties ; Company M, Wapello and Lee Counties. Was mustered 
 out at Little Rock, Ark., February 28, 1866. 
 
 ARTILLERY. 
 
 THE FIRST BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 
 
 was enrolled in the counties of Wapello, Des Moines, Dubuque, Jefferson, 
 Black Hawk, etc., and was mustered in at Burlington, Aug. 17, 1861, with C. H. 
 Fletcher, of Burlington, as Captain. Was engaged at Pea Ridge, Port Gibson, 
 in Atlanta campaign, Chickasaw Bayou, Lookout Mountain, etc. Was mus- 
 tered out at Davenport July 5, 1865. 
 
248 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 THE SECOND BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 
 
 was enrolled in the counties of Dallas, Polk, Harrison, Fremont and Pottawat- 
 tamie, and mustered into United States service at Council Bluffs and St. Louis, 
 Mo , Aug. 8 and 31, 1861, with Nelson T. Spear, of Council Bluffs, as 
 Captain. Was engaged at Farmington, Corinth, etc. Was mustered out at 
 Davenport, Aug. 7, 1865. 
 
 THE THIRD BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 
 
 was enrolled in the counties of Dubuque, Black Hawk, Butler and Floyd, and 
 mustered into United States service at Dubuque, September, 1861, with M. 
 M. Hayden, of Dubuque, as Captain. Was at battle of Pea Ridge, etc., etc. 
 Was mustered out at Davenport, Oct. 23, 1865. 
 
 THE FOURTH BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 
 
 was enrolled in Mahaska, Henry, Mills and Fremont Counties, and was mus- 
 tered in at Davenport, Nov. 23, 1863, with P. H. Goode, of Glenwood, Cap- 
 tain. Was mustered out at Davenport, July 14, 1865. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 THE FOURTH BATTALION 
 
 Company A, from Fremont County, W. Hoyt, Captain ; Company B, from 
 Taylor County, John Flick, Captain ; Company C, from Page County, J. 
 Whitcomb, Captain. 
 
 THE NORTHERN BORDER BRIGADE 
 
 was organized by the State of Iowa to protect the Northwestern frontier, 
 James A. Sawyer, of Sioux City, was elected Colonel. It had Companies A, 
 B, C, D and E, all enlisted from the Northwestern counties. 
 
 THE SOUTHERN BORDER BRIGADE 
 
 was organized by the State for the purpose of protecting the Southern border 
 of the State, and was organized in counties on the border of Missouri. Com- 
 pany A, First Battalion, was from Lee County, Wm. Sole, Captain; Company B, 
 First Battalion, Joseph Dickey, Captain, from Van Buren County; Company 
 A, Second Battalion, from Davis County, Capt. H. B. Horn ; Company B, Sec- 
 ond Battalion, from Appanoose County, E. B. Skinner, Captain; Company A, 
 Third Battalion, from Decatur County, J. H. Simmons, Captain; Company B, 
 Third Battalion, from Wayne County, E. F. Estel, Captain; Company C, 
 Third Battalion, from Ringgold County, N. Miller, Captain. 
 
 THE FIRST INFANTRY — AFRICAN DESCENT — (SIXTIETH U. S.) 
 
 was organized with John G. Hudson, Captain Company B, Thirty-third Mis- 
 souri, as Colonel; M. F. Collins, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel, and J. L. 
 Murphy, of Keokuk, as Major. Had ten companies, and were mustered in at 
 various places in the Fall of 1863. The men were from all parts of the State 
 and some from Missouri. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 249 
 
 During the war, the following promotions were made by the United States 
 Government from Iowa regiments:"" 
 
 MAJOR GENERALS 
 
 Samuel E. Curtis, Brigadier General, from March 21, 1863. 
 Frederick Steele, Brigadier (ieneral, from November 29, 1862. 
 Frank J. Herron, Brigadier General, from November 29, 1862. 
 Grenville M. Dodge, Brigadier General, from June 7, 1864. 
 
 BRIGADIER GENERALS. 
 
 Samuel R. Curtis, Colonel 2d Infantry, from May 17, 1861. 
 
 Frederick Steele, Colonel 8th Infantry, from February 6, 1862. 
 
 Jacob G. Lauman, Colonel 7th Infantry, from March 21, 1862. 
 
 Grenville M. Dodge, Colonel 4th Infantry, from March 31, 1862. 
 
 James M. Tuttle, Colonel 2d Infantry, from June 9, 1862. 
 
 Washington L. Elliott, Colonel 2d Cavalry, from June 11, 1862. 
 
 Fitz Henry Warren, Colonel 1st Cavalry , from July 6, 1862. 
 
 Frank J. Herron, Lieutenant Colonel 9th Infantry, from July 30, 1862. 
 
 Charles L. Matthies, Colonel 5th Infantry, from iN'ovember 29, 1862. 
 
 William Yandever, Colonel 9th Infantry, from November 29, 1862. 
 
 Marcellus M. Crocker, Colonel 13th Infantry, from Kov. 29, 1862. (Since died.) 
 
 Hugh T. Eeid, Colonel 15th Infantry from March 13, 1863. 
 
 Samuel A. Kice, Colonel 33d Infantry, from August 4, 1863. 
 
 John M. Corse, Colonel 6th Infantry, from August 11, 1863. 
 
 Cyrus Bussey, Colonel 3d Cavalry, from January 5, 1864. 
 
 Edward Hatch, Colonel 2d Cavalry, from April 27, 1864. 
 
 Elliott W. Rice, Colonel 7th Infantry, from June 20, 1864. 
 
 Wm. W. Belknap, Colonel 15th Infantry, from July 30, 1864. 
 
 John Edwards, Colonel 18tli Infantry, from September 26, 1864. 
 
 James A. Williamson, Colonel 4th Infantry, from January 13, 1864. 
 
 James I. Gilbert, Colonel 27th Infantry, from February 9, 1865. 
 
 BREVET MAJOR GENERALS. 
 
 •Tohn M. Corse, Brigadier General from October 5, 1864. 
 Edward Hatch, Brigadier General, from December 15, 1864. 
 Wm. W. Belknap, Brigadier General, from March 13, 1865. 
 W. L. Elliott, Brigadier General, from March 13, 1865. 
 Wm. Vandever, Brigadier General, from June 7, 1865. 
 
 BREVET BRIGADIER GENERALS. 
 
 Wm. T. Clark, A. A. G., late of 13th Infantry, from July 22, 1864. 
 
 Edward F. Winslow, Colonel 4th Cavalry, from December 12, 1864. 
 
 S. G. Hill, Colonel 35th Infantry, from December 15, 1864. (Since died.) 
 
 Thos. H. Benton, Colonel 29th Infantry, from December 15, 18G4. 
 
 Samuel L. Glasgow, Colonel 23d Infantry, from December 19, 1864. 
 
 Clark R. Wever, Colonel 17th Infantry, from February 9, 1865. ^ 
 
 Francis M. Drake, Lieutenant Colonel 36th Infantry, from February 22, 1865. 
 
 George A. Stone, Colonel 25th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. 
 
 Datus E. Coon, Colonel 2d Cavalry, from March 8, 1865. 
 
 George ^V. Clark, Colonel 34th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. 
 
 Herman H. Heath, Colonel 7th Cavalry, from March 13, 1865. 
 
 J. M. Hedrick, Colonel 15th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. 
 
 W. W. Lowe, Colonel 5th Cavalry, from March 13, 1865. 
 
 *Thomas J. McKean was appointed Paymaster in U. S. A. from Iowa, and subsequently promoted Brigadier General, 
 to date from Nov. 21, lo61. 
 
250 
 
 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 W 
 
 O 
 
 I— I 
 
 *— ( 
 
 o> 
 
 O) 
 
 ♦— ( 
 
 »-^ 
 -< 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 P5 
 
 •l^)ox 
 
 CO lO cc c^ 
 
 •JU3UI 
 
 sdaoQ 
 say -jaA ox 
 
 C3 rt ,-< IM 
 
 X l-H ,-1 1-1 
 
 OCCi-it~'^Oi-iL.-5^T}< 
 
 OIOr-t^MCOi— lO .'*1 
 
 •pajn:)dBO 
 
 ^ -H lO Tf< 00 
 
 i-H i-H : 00 
 
 tr-HiCiMCl^-^'M'"** 
 
 •saiipnsTJO iBjoj, 
 
 •passtrasiQ 
 
 CO CO I— I I^ 
 
 ^ (M CO !N 
 
 •pauSisa^ 
 
 uO CO CO O 
 
 •F)ox 
 
 •^ M C5 t^ O I-H 
 
 •^[[Biuapiooy 
 
 •noijOB uj 
 
 •^ s<i ci CO o t-H 
 
 ■*! re CO rH ->* 
 
 ■* CO CO 1— 1 lO 
 
 •Fjox 
 
 I-H IM vO «5 1-1 1-c 
 
 •aMon3{ 
 -un asnBQ 
 
 Xljliq'BSip JO J 
 
 7^ CO •* CO 
 
 i<i .-H : ,-( 
 
 ■l^?ox 
 
 CO (M ^ O T}( (M 
 
 SuiuA\o.ip Xg 
 
 •3SB8Sip JO 
 
 (M C^ Tt< ;0 (N I-H 
 
 •spunoAv JO 
 
 -sO 1-H I— Tjt 
 
 la o CO o lO oi 
 
 -M 1-1 (M M '^ (N 
 
 ■^ :cO>Oi— iCOi— lt~- .OJr-crJ< 
 
 •iciox 
 
 .{[[B^uapiooy 
 
 •nopD'B ux 
 
 1—1 1-1 CO CO O . 5^ CO 
 
 1-1 1-1 CO so o 
 
 j^c<icoict^-«i<coco»coeoc^ 
 
 ■M'MCO-^t-itiCOOOCOCO'M 
 
 
 t- rt t^ 
 
 %6>^ 
 
 - c3 
 
 ■ "^ ^ _1- 
 
 2H Cn fc< 
 
 !^.=^ 
 
 Q5 - 
 
 ^ V 01 
 
 
 .— ^ ^ o ^ 5 
 tt, OJ gH U, p ^ 
 
 I- »- t< t. c 
 
 b- 
 
 
 j:--:--^---'-'cn o o o t. t-. 
 
 
 £ o 
 
 , ^ !- • >, c ^ > 
 
 '-''-''::■" 5 C M '' bc c 
 o a> jq ^ o .-< .2 a; — irl 
 
 ccoiHEHUHfeccaiHSz; 
 
 >» >» 5 
 
 a 
 
 
 " a^ ;► '3 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 251 
 
 lO IM (M »0 CO ^ (N 
 
 i-H (N ^ (M 1 
 
 lO (M C^ lO CO T-H ?^ 
 
 1-1 iM r-i(rj rH 
 
 (M CO T-H lO 
 
 co(Mi-i :(M;oiO(M-^i-ii-io>0'^ooco :t-(Mi-ir-ii-H :co 
 
 ^i-lCO .CO . .!MC0(Ml.OC0 
 
 ■^ i<i i-H : i-H 
 
 r^ IM C^l r-l r-( i-H "# (M (M CO 
 
 C0«O>«COCO(M-<!ti(MiOCC>'*Q0C0iO(MI:-<MiOtOC0 :ot^COeo<M(Mr-( 
 
 rHCO!-li— i{MS<li-H :(M-<*((MTt<C>5C0^C^]'NC<li-^I^l 
 
 Tfi CO CO CO <M (M 1 
 
 (T<lcocO(Mi— I :oOJ^lco(NC<l-* 
 
 C<1 I— I lO . CO 1* 1—1 
 
 COlOr^ :iOrHrt-^(Mt^ .c^ 
 
 •* : TjH (M CO 
 
 U3 T-H r-l -^ !M t^ 
 
 
 br^ 
 
 
 
 -.- t>> b-. 
 
 
 5=5^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 -- t- ^ ^ 
 ~ -= .eS ^ 
 
 
 a P 
 
 a C "^ O' ' 
 S 1 C 2^ 
 
 d («) ^ faD 
 
 „.„ ^ & 
 
 
 -.J o b ^ ^ . 
 
 CO o *2 ^ 3 - 
 
 ^< 5 -a S o '^ 
 
 y= CO H Ci eiS t 
 
 b'h'h'hh' 
 
 X- u 'u X. X< ' 
 
 13 13 13 13 ^ ^ 
 
 ' "til '*-• S C3 
 
 i a ^^ « ^ 
 
 -H O *j ^ c^S 
 
 I " aj -= ti S 
 
 ; a5 m oj a ja 
 -. p*^ P»i >> >->'S 
 
 ! "S ."5 .« ."H "S 
 
 i 13 13 13 13 o 
 
 3 ® 
 
 H ^ c2 t^ 
 
 
 
 w CO a> rj 
 o o o .3 
 
252 
 
 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 t— I 
 
 C3 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 E- 
 
 l-H 
 
 iz; 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 »— ( 
 
 E^ 
 
 «^ 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 pq 
 
 
 
 '~ t- 
 
 _, 
 
 ^ 
 
 t— 
 
 ■^ cc c:> 
 
 ^^ 
 
 CO 
 
 fD 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 irn 
 
 l-H 
 
 00 
 
 r~ 
 
 C^J <M 
 
 t^ t^ S^l 1* 
 
 -r 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 rH l-H CO ti Oi '.0 ■^i -rf 
 
 H 
 
 Pi 
 
 •lB]ox 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IM r-1 t^ OC CO o : 
 
 r— < 
 
 p_, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 zo : 
 
 CO ^ s^ oi n : 
 
 I"— CO * 
 
 
 
 
 
 <M t-i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I-H 
 
 
 03 
 
 f-i 
 
 -luioddy Ag 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 rtiO'tiO'^'-HCOOOCOi-O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C»T-l»acO ;0»-1t^0— -^T- 
 
 •sdjoQ -H -AOI 
 
 i-i C^ 04 C-^ rl (M r-1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 l-H : cc -^ I— o4 1^ •<*! 
 
 
 
 — < CO ■— 1 05 . 
 
 . 
 
 t^ T-H : 
 
 I-H . 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 1.0 CO -:f< Tt< CO ^I CO 
 
 
 •p3J[lHdB3 
 
 IM t- ■* C5 . 
 
 
 CO • 
 7^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i-HCOC<)-*05 0t-CO(Mf-i 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 CO (M 3 <M CO ^1 -* CO ^ (M C5 t~ t— CO CO c; r- 00 ^ ifTi i-o -^ CO 
 
 
 
 Tt< t~ en 1^ 'O (M t^ 1-1 -f cs - ;^ c ^ I- '^0 
 
 
 
 i-OOt— O-'I'i-i-^O^iMr-i r-it^ t~ :iOCOc:i-Ci- 
 
 •Sai([TJiibBj ie*"Jj 
 
 
 
 
 (M t-H CO : 
 
 
 
 IM . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CO : 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 CO : 
 
 00 l-H : 
 
 
 
 •Suissii^ 
 
 T-H 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■^ rt I^ (M CO 00 t^ UO >0 CO 
 
 
 
 
 I^ — CO 
 
 <N C^ l-O — Tfl r-. r-1 
 
 
 
 CO --C lO ^ --I t~ 1-1 (M r-< i-l 
 
 
 
 
 CO "* Tf CO 
 
 ■>! 00 CO Ct — I T 
 
 
 "FJox 
 
 
 
 
 
 T-H CS CO 
 
 CO <M CO CO c-j cr ?^ 
 
 
 COCOC1-*COCOt-iS^:<1.-1i-1t-h 
 
 
 
 
 
 r-H 
 
 
 04 
 
 CO ■<* •"* CO -"tl ■* 
 
 >5 
 
 c 
 
 •jClIu^napiDOY 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 r-l CO OC t~ uO ■* lO CO 00 -^ 
 
 
 
 
 t^ -* — 00 CO 
 
 Ci 00 -H CO 'i' t^ 
 
 •noipv uj 
 
 COOl.CC-^i-1 t^rH(M.-<i-c 
 
 
 
 
 CO 'ti ■<*< CO 
 
 l-H t~ CO W .— L.O LO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — C^ CO 
 
 CO S^ CO CO IS 0: CVJ 
 
 
 
 C005iCC0C0OOTf<C^->*lO»^t-~ 
 
 CO 
 
 QOCiOODOi-HOOl^OOa-OOCim 
 
 
 ■IB^ox 
 
 OOOC0C^C0-*OOC0i-i01i-( 
 
 
 04 (NCO OiCOuOCO~0 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 '?^ T-H CO (M (M (M 
 
 
 CO ri (N i^ :^^ ^ CO s^i (N 
 
 •UAVoaJi 
 
 COCSO-M^COOOOOOOi 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 t-H l-H Tji r- • '^ t^ 00 :t -J 
 
 i-l(MCOCOOi-li-HrH 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 OT t-HiO .■*f-H-<*o--r'Mi-c 
 
 -ufi asmso 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 l-H ; ,-H ,-H T-H 
 
 
 t^OOi-HOJOOOOSTtHuOOCOr-ct:^ 
 
 CO 
 
 l^ O^ ■* CO I-H (M 'M .— >-0 CO t^ 
 
 ifjiliqtJSiQ joj 
 
 X)'tiC^>-Ot--t~'M-^iO<M'-i?<i-i 
 
 
 CO i-hO OC^l— iCOTjTTflCO 
 
 n 
 
 rH T-H (M rt r-H (M 
 
 
 T-H T-H I-l(M(Mi-H(NT^,-l 
 
 
 
 3^1 01 r^ t— T-H -*l --t! '*< -^ 
 
 ■^ 
 
 CO 00 ^ I- cr. c Tfi :^i r^i :s 
 
 
 •Iti^ox 
 
 ^ (M -^ CO I- t- UO CO 00 
 
 
 r-i (M r-l !M n l-H n -M t- X CC t^ 
 
 
 C0 01CS(Mt-h i-Hrti-H 
 
 
 T-H T-H S^]r_,,_|,_|,_^rt 
 
 
 T}lCO(M-TP(M-^l~Tt<CO 
 
 
 
 T-H 
 
 
 
 ,-H T}> 
 
 
 -N 
 
 M 
 
 
 ■ (M „ ^ rt 
 
 5 
 S 
 
 SamMOjQ; Xg 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •apping iCg 
 
 T-H : : : i-H rA : : : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 -^ 
 
 
 
 t- .-H Tfl -O t^ 0; ■>] --H IM r-H OJ CO 
 
 '^ 
 
 t^t~-rtt-aio;t-Ci-^i-ot~00Tji 
 
 •8SE3SI(I JO 
 
 OOCSO^COC^OCSCSOOIMCO 
 
 
 Oi-H!M05 COa5(MCOCOOCO 
 
 
 I-H T-H <M t-H l-H r-H 
 
 
 r-H (M i_| 1-, i_, (M pH 
 
 
 ooocR-Ht^l0^^a50co1-Hl-H 
 
 
 
 
 t^ CO • 00 l-H r-H Oi 'O -^ t- lO 
 
 
 •spunoAV JO 
 
 C^ C<l l-H T-H l-H 
 
 
 
 
 l-H .Ivl >0(MCOCO-<*ii."5CO 
 
 
 
 iMC'M'-H'MOTOt^tOt-i-lCO 
 
 
 
 
 5<laOT-H-^or--ooO!M-*Ooot^ 
 
 
 •ITi?"! 
 
 ■^■<#a3-"*-^i-HTj((M 
 
 
 
 
 i-Hioi-i »oi-Hio«oo3;ot~io 
 
 I-H 
 
 •XjIBjaappov 
 
 00C0-*TflOC000C0r-l ; :t-h 
 
 
 
 
 : :<x> : : co : r-n-H : : i-h im i-h 
 
 
 -!»lt^COt^CO:OI^-^Ot~r-Hr^ 
 
 
 T-H 
 
 •MiOi-H-*C^r-t^o:cqT»<o>«350 
 
 M 
 
 •noipv "I 
 
 cocoiocoeOf-HCOiM 
 
 
 
 r-HOl-H lOi-HlOlOOOJrJlt^lO 
 t-H 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 ■> 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . c 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 S 
 
 
 
 
 : t3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 p* 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 > 
 
 
 
 
 '• ct 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■^r. 
 
 
 
 
 : -3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • >.E 
 
 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^£ 
 
 1 > 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 C 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S " aJ ti 6 ^ « 
 
 
 .s^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 53 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 • >. 
 
 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 ^li 
 
 ^1^ 
 
 7 
 
 
 ^ rt ee 03 '-' ,S 
 
 
 • : t. >> : : 
 
 ->^ p "^ i i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^g'S?^^g5^SSS = '§a&-g§g^'S?-==5S^'5a 
 
 
 
 [±4 C/ 
 
 2E- 
 
 \^ 
 
 
 ; 1- 
 
 2C/ 
 
 is 
 
 5 5^ 
 
 
 - 1- 
 
 
 .1 ; 
 
 ^ * 
 
 3e 
 
 ' c 
 
 5.t 
 
 ^ c 
 H a 
 
 1 a 
 
 ) c 
 
 i c 
 J a 
 1 u 
 
 2E- 
 
 ? 
 
 3 C 
 ■1 & 
 
 ^.'i 
 1 b 
 
 
 5 s 
 
 ■ t 
 
 
 - a 
 
 4 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 253 
 
 
 lO crs C^ fM 
 X) CM rH 
 
 in o 
 r-1 (M 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 r- CO LO O 
 
 *"* 
 
 ■^cDcoiocotMOCSr-HOco :iOO:ii— 1 ;a30 ; ; 
 
 ^ CO 
 
 I— 1 
 
 -* 
 
 CO o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 CD 05 lO CO 
 (M T-( rH i-H 
 
 *"* 
 
 oO'-Hcoor--x>a50T-ioooa>Ocor-i-oc^i^oO(M ; 
 
 >-IIM(M (MCO-*-*'*-<»<r-lO-^COCO-*IIr-:s),-l(M . 
 
 rt t-c^ CO c<i o 
 
 lO T-H i-l !M 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (M 
 
 i-H 
 
 C5 •M ^ O 
 
 >0 00 CO -^ 
 CO (M 
 
 
 aDC<I^COT><0005COI^t^'*(MC:>COC2COCOCOCO : 
 
 rH CO 
 
 : CO (M 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 03 
 
 CO 
 
 O CO (M O > 
 I-H O O iM 1 
 to t- 00 O 
 
 CSC^-fOOIC:'— iTtiOi— i^frMOcOi-HOOdO'— lOOOOCOi— lOi— il--0(M 'Jl^TtlCO 
 0]<— ^H-TtlOiOCOOfl^COOOOJO^-^-rOOOOO O-— ii-HOCOOCOi— li— liT^CM-^ 00 
 
 O CO CD -^ UO CO O aJ O t^ O O O O ut O O O O O O CD ul •* •^ CO CO 
 
 •>* ; CD 1-1 
 
 t^ •* CO : : : (M : ; <m ■* : cd o i-i :^» : ; c^ : 
 r-i : : : : : : '"' : : : 
 
 : <^'- : : : : : : 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 CO OS -^ C<1 
 
 (M O O CD 
 (N C<1 (N 1-1 
 
 ■^ O UO ^ 1—1 CD O O CD CO -^ CO uO CO 05 'O 1^ CO CO CO 
 33a3CMt~C5-^iO^(M-t<CDTtlCO'*lOiOt— COCDi— 1 
 CO 3M (M 1-1 1-1 CM rH (M r-l 1-1 l-( ?< CM 1-1 T-1 
 
 -* CO CM CM CM CO ^ : 
 
 1-1 05 -* O "* . 
 
 1—1 1—1 : 
 
 c^) : 
 
 '"' 
 
 CM 
 
 OO 
 CM 
 
 CO 
 
 CO i-H -^ : 
 
 CMi-1 :i-ii-icocO ;:OCO(MCOCO-^CMCO :i-i(M : 
 
 CM : : CM ; CO : ; 
 
 
 
 
 CM 
 
 O CO O (M 
 
 (N o a; CD 
 
 (N C-l <N rl 
 
 •MOSiOCOOCOl^'OCOOr-lO'MCMt^CMt— CMCOCO 
 a3COCMt~C5i*-*Tt<C^i-^CD-*00-TOOl^COCDi-l 
 COCMCM r-l i-lCMi-itMi-ii-ir-iCM CM i-li-l 
 
 CM CO CM • CM >-0 1-1 • 
 
 1-1 o -* : o '^ . 
 
 
 " 1 
 
 
 g 
 
 — < t^ crs o — 1 c^ Oi fM CO 00 CO 00 CO i^ •* CO i-H c^) CM -* 'M o o cv:^ CO CO CD r; r^ CD t^ -c ^ ld 
 
 vO O CD O 1-H O O 'M ">! CO O O lO t~- O OO -*i O 00 CM Tf f- VD ^ .— 1 CO CO :71 lO r-H Ol C~-1 i— I 
 .-iCMCMi-H coCMCMSM^i-ii-ii-i'-i(M-Hi-iiMi— ii-ii-Hi-ii-lrtCO i-li-icOi-i^r-l 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 00 
 Oi 
 
 OCOr^COTJlIMaiCOCDt.-IO'tiCOOrJlCOr-lCOCDt-COOOO-^l:^ 
 COCOr-lO COTfOS 1—1 >— 1 COi— 1 1— iCOl— (COCM 
 
 I— 1 
 
 l^ r- -^ O Ci ^ -^ • 
 1-1 CO CO . 
 
 
 
 
 
 00 
 Oi 
 I-l 
 
 rHTUCMt-^t^OOO^-MCOl^— -O-HOOO'^CDl^OCt^CDC-. CDCC 
 CMCMCJiCO l:^OSMI^lCOOCOOt^O'N-*COCD^Hi>JCOi-tlOCO 
 rHi— (1— li— 1 CMi— (I— iCMi— 11— 11— li— 11— iCMr-Hi— li— '1— li— li— 11— lr-(i— ICM 
 
 ~ C^l l^ CD 00 05 t^ lO 
 
 CMt^OOCMOCOi-ii-1 
 
 1-1 r-l CO 1-1 1-1 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 00 
 
 ^ CO t^ lO 
 
 t~ t- I-l ■* 
 
 .-I 3<1 CM 1-1 
 
 TfiCTiOCnO'MOOOOOCOaiOOCDCDl^l-C^Oi-HCOC^JCOi-iO-lrti— i-fC^I-^Ci^O-*!!^ 
 t^ -^ i-H 1-1 CO "*i CO CO CM O — I CO CO O CD O l^ CO CO CO i— l O lO ■* rH t^i Oi rH i-l C^l Tt* CO 
 
 CMC-li-HrHrHi-HrHrHCMSMCMCMrHCMCMCMCMCMCMCM CMCMrHCOrnrH CO 
 
 1-HCOCDt^CMCMCMCO 
 
 rH rH rH rH rH O 
 
 00 CO C^ CM 
 •«*1 ■* CO CM 
 I-H CM r-l rH 
 
 Tj<l^t~a3rHOt— CDCCt^OS'^CMOCOCOrHCOCDCOCOOCMCDrHOCiasCM-^t— COiOTjirH 
 Oi-HOSOOSOOOC^asCSCr.'OOCO'^'^OCOOCDCM 1— 10CC^]'*rHrHt^ rHr-lCM-* CO 
 
 rHCM 7-t rHrHrHrHr^rHCMrHrHCMCMCMCMrHCM rHCMrHCOrHrH CO 
 
 rH C<1 CM rH 
 
 rH r-l : rH ; 01 
 
 rH CM CM rH 
 
 -2 -^ ^ t*> 
 
 l-H rt 
 
 -2 .53 fl 
 
 '^ ^ i-_ r^ 
 
 
 >: o 
 
 ^ CO 
 
 U >i 
 
 CD O 
 
 >1 U 
 
 
 c3 ^^ 
 
 
 5 S -S 
 
 a> aj H 
 
 i2 S 
 
 E-iIi4&H64a2aip:^^ 
 
 ,c3 ^ 
 
 ^^^■::^- 
 
 C -^ ^ H 
 
 -^ O u ^ ^ -^ 
 
 fl "S c c c c 
 
 1? o c^ o 4^ 1J 
 &&&&&& 
 H H H H H H 
 
 (Pja-i-H C— i+j*j*j H c -^ -q c^ , .JS 1—1 
 
 S S S "^ ■£ ^ 'S "S ^ ? .? .H .H .^ .^ 'S o "k't;'p 
 
 S fe e:J3J3J3.c3jaja.aj3ja-Cj=iJ3oCnooo 
 HHEhEhEhHHEhHE-iEhHEhE-iH6^* fednfe 
 
 
 ^ H a 
 
 t"^ k> >> >-. p^ ^ 
 
254 
 
 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 NUMBER OF TROOPS FURNISHED BY THE STATE OF IOWA 
 
 DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, 
 
 TO JANUARY 1, 1865. 
 
 No. Regiment. 
 
 1st Iowa 
 
 2d 
 
 3d 
 
 4th 
 
 5th 
 
 6th 
 
 7lh 
 
 8th 
 
 9th 
 10th 
 11th 
 12th 
 13th 
 14th 
 15th 
 16th 
 17th 
 18th 
 19th 
 20th 
 21st 
 22d 
 23d 
 24th 
 25th 
 26th 
 27th 
 28th 
 29th 
 30th 
 31st 
 32d 
 33d 
 34th 
 35th 
 36th 
 37th 
 38th 
 
 Infantry . 
 
 No. of 
 men 
 
 959 
 
 1,247 
 
 1,074 
 
 1,184 
 
 1,037 
 
 1,013 
 
 1,138 
 
 1,027 
 
 1,090 
 
 1,027 
 
 1,022 
 
 981 
 
 989 
 
 840 
 
 1,196 
 
 919 
 
 956 
 
 875 
 
 985 
 
 925 
 
 980 
 
 1,008 
 
 961 
 
 979 
 
 995 
 
 919 
 
 940 
 
 956 
 
 1,005 
 
 978 
 
 977 
 
 925 
 
 985 
 
 953 
 
 984 
 
 986 
 
 914 
 
 910 
 
 No. Regiment. 
 
 39th Iowa Infantry 
 
 40th " " 
 
 41st Battalion Iowa Infantry 
 
 44th Infantry (100-days men) 
 
 45th '■ " " 
 
 46th " " " 
 
 47th " " " 
 
 48th Battalion '■■ " 
 
 1st Iowa Cavalry 
 
 2d " " 
 
 3d " " 
 
 4th " " 
 
 5th " " 
 
 6th " " 
 
 7th " " 
 
 8th " " 
 
 9th " " 
 
 Sioux City Cavalry* 
 
 Co. A, 11th Penn. Cavalry 
 
 1st Battery Artillery 
 
 2d •' " 
 
 3d '« " 
 
 4th " " 
 
 1st Iowa African Infantry, 60th U. Sf .. 
 
 Dodge's Brigade Band 
 
 Band of 2d Iowa Infantry 
 
 Enlistments as fir as reported to Jan. 1, 
 
 1864, for the older Iowa regiments 
 
 Enlistments of Iowa men in regiments 
 of other States, over 
 
 Total , 
 
 Re-enlisted Veterans for different Regi- 
 ments 
 
 Additional enlistments 
 
 Grand total as far as reported up to Jan. 
 1, 1865 
 
 No. of 
 men. 
 
 933 
 
 900 
 
 294 
 
 867 
 
 912 
 
 892 
 
 884 
 
 346 
 
 1,478 
 
 1,394 
 
 1,360 
 
 1,227 
 
 1,245 
 
 1,125 
 
 562 
 
 1,234 
 
 1,178 
 
 93 
 
 87 
 
 149 
 
 123 
 
 142 
 
 152 
 
 903 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 2,765 
 
 2,500 
 
 61,653 
 
 7,202 
 6,664 
 
 75,519 
 
 This does not include those Iowa men who veteranized in the regiments of other States, nor 
 the names of men who enlisted during 1864, in regiments of other Slates. 
 * Afterward consolidated with Seventh Cavalry, 
 f Only a portion of this regiment was credited to the State. 
 
 J 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 or^r-^ 
 
 POPULATION OF IOWA, 
 By Counties. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 AGGREGATE. 
 
 
 1875. 
 
 1870, 
 
 1860. 
 
 1850. 
 
 1840. 
 
 Voters. 
 
 Adair 
 
 7045 
 
 7832 
 19158 
 17405 
 
 2370 
 28807 
 22913 
 17251 
 13220 
 17315 
 
 3561 
 
 3982 
 
 4614 
 17868 
 16450 
 
 1212 
 22454 
 21706 
 14584 
 12528 
 17034 
 
 1585 
 
 984 
 1533 
 
 
 
 1616 
 
 1727 
 3653 
 
 Adams 
 
 
 
 Allamakee 
 
 12237 
 
 11931 
 
 454 
 
 8496 
 
 8244 
 
 4232 
 
 4915 
 
 7906 
 
 67 
 
 777 
 
 
 Appanoose 
 
 3131 
 
 
 3679 
 
 Audubon 
 
 
 527 
 
 Benton 
 
 672 
 135 
 735 
 
 
 4778 
 4877 
 3515 
 2656 
 
 Black Hawk 
 
 
 Boone 
 
 
 Bremer 
 
 Buchanan 
 
 517 
 
 
 3890 
 
 Buena Vista 
 
 
 817 
 
 Buncombe* 
 
 
 
 Butler 
 
 11734 
 
 3185 
 
 5760 
 
 10552 
 
 17879 
 
 6685 
 
 424^) 
 
 11400 
 
 10118 
 
 3559 
 
 27184 
 
 34295 
 
 6039 
 
 14386 
 
 15757 
 
 13249 
 
 16893 
 
 35415 
 
 1748 
 
 43845 
 
 1436 
 
 20515 
 
 13100 
 
 6558 
 
 13719 
 
 7028 
 
 8134 
 
 9638 
 
 7701 
 
 1482 
 
 15029 
 
 11818 
 
 21594 
 
 7875 
 
 3455 
 
 794 
 
 17456 
 
 23061 
 
 24128 
 
 17127 
 
 24654 
 
 19168 
 
 9951 
 
 1602 
 
 2451 
 
 5464 
 
 19731 
 
 4722 
 
 1967 
 
 10180 
 
 8735 
 
 1523 
 
 27771 
 
 35357 
 
 2530 
 
 12019 
 
 15565 
 
 12018 
 
 17432 
 
 27256 
 
 1389 
 
 38969 
 
 1392 
 
 16978 
 
 10768 
 
 4738 
 
 11173 
 
 4627 
 
 6399 
 
 7061 
 
 6055 
 
 999 
 
 13684 
 
 8931 
 
 21463 
 
 6282 
 
 2596 
 
 226 
 
 16644 
 
 22619 
 
 22116 
 
 17839 
 
 24898 
 
 19731 
 
 3724 
 
 147 
 
 281 
 
 1612 
 
 12949 
 
 940 
 
 68 
 
 4336 
 
 5427 
 
 62 
 
 20728 
 
 18938 
 
 383 
 
 5244 
 
 13764 
 
 8677 
 
 11024 
 
 19611 
 
 180 
 
 31164 
 
 105 
 
 12073 
 
 3744 
 
 1309 
 
 6074 
 
 1374 
 
 793 
 
 3058 
 
 1699 
 
 179 
 
 6440 
 
 3621 
 
 18701 
 
 3168 
 
 332 
 
 43 
 
 8029 
 
 18493 
 
 9883 
 
 15038 
 
 17573 
 
 13306 
 
 
 
 2598 
 
 Calhoun 
 
 
 
 681 
 
 Carroll 
 
 
 
 1197 
 
 Cass 
 
 
 
 2422 
 
 Cedar 
 
 3941 
 
 1253 
 
 3934 
 1526 
 
 Cerro Gordo 
 
 
 
 
 1001 
 
 Cbiclcasaw 
 
 
 
 2392 
 
 
 79 
 
 
 2213 
 868 
 
 Clay 
 
 
 
 3873 
 2822 
 
 1101 
 821 
 
 5279 
 
 
 5569 
 
 
 1244 
 
 Dallas 
 
 854 
 7264 
 
 965 
 
 1759 
 
 12988 
 
 
 3170 
 
 
 3448 
 
 
 
 2882 
 
 Des Moines 
 
 168 
 5577 
 
 3662 
 6654 
 
 
 394 
 
 
 10841 
 
 3059 
 
 8759 
 
 
 299 
 
 
 825 
 
 
 4637 
 
 
 
 2884 
 
 Franklin 
 
 
 
 1374 
 
 
 1244 
 
 
 2998 
 
 Greene 
 
 
 1622 
 
 
 
 
 1525 
 
 
 
 
 2339 
 
 
 
 
 1455 
 
 Hancock 
 
 
 
 303 
 
 
 
 
 3215 
 
 
 
 
 2658 
 
 
 8707 
 
 3772 
 
 4641 
 
 
 1712 
 
 
 
 
 695 
 
 Ida 
 
 
 
 172 
 
 
 822 
 7210 
 1280 
 9904 
 4472 
 3007 
 
 
 3576 
 
 Jackson 
 
 1411 
 
 4901 
 5239 
 
 2773 
 
 1491 
 
 471 
 
 3721 
 
 
 5225 
 
 Jones 
 
 4180 
 
 * In 1862, name changed to Lyon. 
 
256 
 
 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 POPULATION OF IOWA— Concluded. 
 
 COUNTIES 
 
 AGGREGATE. 
 
 
 1875. 
 
 1870. 
 
 1860. 
 
 1850. 1840. 
 
 Toters. 
 
 
 20488 
 
 3765 
 
 33913 
 
 31815 
 
 12499 
 
 11725 
 
 1139 
 
 16030 
 
 23718 
 
 24094 
 
 19629 
 
 10555 
 
 11523 
 
 2267 
 
 12811 
 
 1U389 
 
 21G23 
 
 2349 
 
 1778 
 
 14274 
 
 2728 
 
 5282 
 
 2249 
 
 31558 
 
 216G5 
 
 16482 
 
 7546 
 
 2873 
 
 39763 
 
 5GG4 
 
 3120 
 
 13111 
 
 18771 
 
 10418 
 
 8827 
 
 16980 
 
 23865 
 
 18541 
 
 19269 
 
 13;t78 
 
 13114 
 
 2986 
 
 24233 
 
 8568 
 
 4908 
 
 3244 
 
 19434 
 
 3351 
 
 38210 
 
 28852 
 
 12877 
 
 10388 
 
 221 
 
 13884 
 
 22508 
 
 24436 
 
 17576 
 
 8718 
 
 9582 
 
 3654 
 
 12724 
 
 5934 
 
 21688 
 
 715 
 
 13271 
 416 
 29232 
 18947 
 10370 
 5766 
 
 4822' 
 
 4202 
 
 773 
 7274 
 7509 
 2899 
 2464 
 
 287 
 3632 
 6287 
 4988 
 4445 
 2365 
 2338 
 1292 
 2743 
 2485 
 6588 
 
 595 
 
 498 
 3222 
 
 556 
 1136 
 
 464 
 6842 
 4392 
 3634 
 1496 
 
 657 
 7109 
 1084 
 
 637 
 2574 
 3911 
 2282 
 1924 
 3893 
 6346 
 4168 
 4168 
 2947 
 2747 
 
 406 
 4117 
 1776 
 
 763 
 
 694 
 
 
 
 
 
 18861 
 
 5444 
 
 4939 
 
 471 
 
 6093 
 1373 
 1927 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7339 
 
 14816 
 
 16813 
 
 6015 
 
 4481 
 
 3409 
 
 832 
 
 8612 
 
 1256 
 
 16444 
 
 8 
 
 1179 
 
 5989 
 
 5482 
 
 338 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 Mills 
 
 
 Mitchell 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2884 
 
 
 
 
 
 5731 
 
 1942 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9975 
 
 133G 
 
 2199 
 
 1446 
 
 27857 
 
 16893 
 
 15581 
 
 5691 
 
 1411 
 
 38599 
 
 2540 
 
 576 
 
 11651 
 
 16131 
 
 6989 
 
 6986 
 
 17672 
 
 2234G 
 
 17980 
 
 18952 
 
 11287 
 
 10484 
 
 1562 
 
 23570 
 
 6172 
 
 2892 
 
 2392 
 
 4419 
 
 132 
 
 148 
 
 103 
 
 11625 
 
 4968 
 
 5668 
 
 2923 
 
 246 
 
 25959 
 
 818 
 
 10 
 
 4051 
 
 5285 
 
 3690 
 
 2012 
 
 17081 
 
 14518 
 
 10281 
 
 14235 
 
 6409 
 
 2504 
 
 168 
 
 13942 
 
 1119 
 
 756 
 
 653 
 
 551 
 
 
 Palo Alto 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4513 
 
 7828 
 
 615 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Scott 
 
 5986 
 
 2140 
 
 Shelby 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tama 
 
 8 
 204 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12270 
 
 8471 
 
 961 
 
 4957 
 
 340 
 
 0146 
 
 Wapello 
 
 
 
 
 1594 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 546 
 
 
 
 
 Worth 
 
 
 
 Writrht 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1353118 
 
 1191792 
 
 674913 
 
 192214 
 
 43112 
 
 284557 
 
 * Formerly Buncombe. 
 
 
THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 257 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 Length, 380 miles, mean width about 156 miles. Area, 55,410 square 
 miles, or 35,462,400 acres. Illinois, as regards its surface, constitutes a 
 table-land at a varying elevation ranging between 350 and 800 feet above 
 the sea level ; composed of extensive and highly fertile prairies and plains. 
 Much of the south division of the State, especially the river-bottoms, are 
 thickly wooded. The prairies, too, have oasis-like clumps of trees 
 scattered here and there at intervals. The chief rivers irrigating the 
 State are the Mississippi — dividing it from Iowa and Missouri — the Ohio 
 (forming its south barrier), the Illinois, Wabash, Kaskaskia, and San- 
 gamon, with their numerous affluents. The total extent of navigable 
 streams is calculated at 4,000 miles. Small lakes are scattered over vari- 
 ous parts of the State. Illinois is extremely prolific in minerals, chiefly 
 coal, iron, copper, and zinc ores, sulphur and limestone. The coal-field 
 alone is estimated to absorb a full third of the entire coal-deposit of North 
 America. Climate tolerably equable and healthy ; the mean temperature 
 standing at about 51'" Fahrenheit As an agricultural region, Illinois takes 
 a competitive rank with neighboring States, the cereals, fruits, and root- 
 crops yielding plentiful returns ; in fact, as a grain-growing State, Illinois 
 may be deemed, in proportion to her size, to possess a greater area of 
 lands suitable for its production than any other State in the Union. Stock- 
 raising is also largely carried on, while her manufacturing interests in 
 regard of woolen fabrics, etc., are on a very extensive and yearly expand- 
 ing scale. The lines of railroad in the State are among the most exten- 
 sive of the Union. Inland water-carriage is facilitated by a canal 
 connecting the Illinois River with Lake Michigan, and thence with the 
 St. Lawrence and Atlantic. Illinois is divided into 102 counties ; the 
 chief towns being Chicago, Springfield (capital), Alton, Quincy, Peoria, 
 Galena, Bloomington, Rock Island, Vandalia, etc. By the new Consti- 
 tution, established in 1870, the State Legislature consists of 51 Senators, 
 elected for four years, and 153 Representatives, for two years ; which 
 numbers were to be decennially increased thereafter to the number of 
 six per every additional half-million of inhabitants. Religious and 
 educational institutions are largely diffused throughout, and are in a very 
 flourishing condition. Illinois has a State Lunatic and a Deaf and Dumb 
 Asylum at Jacksonville ; a State Penitentiary at Joliet ; and a Home for 
 
 (99) 
 
258 
 
 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 
 
 Soldiers' Orphans at Normal. On November 30, 1870, the public debt of 
 the State was returned at $4,870,937, with a balance of $1,808,833 
 unprovided for. At the same period the value of assessed and equalized 
 property presented the following totals : assessed, $840,031,703 ; equal- 
 ized $480,664,058. The name of Illinois, through nearly th- whole of 
 the eighteenth century, embraced most of the known regions north and 
 west of Ohio. French colonists established themselves in 1673, at 
 Cahokia and Kaskaskia, and the territory of which these settlements 
 formed the nucleus was, in 1763, ceded to Great Britain in conjunction 
 with Canada, and ultimately resigned to the United States in 1787. 
 Iliiuois entered the Union as a State, December 3, 1818; and now sends 
 19 Representatives to Congress. Population, 2,539,891, in 1870. 
 
THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 259 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 The profile of Indiana forms a nearly exact parallelogram, occupy- 
 ing one of the most fertile portions of the great Mississippi Valley. The 
 greater extent of the surface embraced within its limits consists of gentle 
 undulations rising into hilly tracts toward the Ohio bottom. The chief 
 rivers of the State are the Ohio and Wabash, with their numerous 
 affluents. The soil is highly productive of the cereals and grasses — most 
 particularly so in the valleys of the Ohio, Wabash, Whitewater, and 
 White Rivers. The northeast and central portions are well timbered 
 with virgin forests, and the west section is notably rich in coal, constitut- 
 ing an offshoot of the great Illinois carboniferous field. Iron, copper, 
 marble, slate, gypsum, and various clays are also abundant. From an 
 agricultural point of view, the staple products are maize and wheat, with 
 the other cereals in lesser yields ; and besides these, flax, hemp, sorghum, 
 hops, etc., are extensively raised. Indiana is divided into 92 counties, 
 and counts among her principal cities and towns, those of Indianapolis 
 (the capital). Fort Wayne, Evansville, Terre Haute, Madison, Jefferson- 
 ville, Columbus, Vincennes, South Bend, etc. The public institutions of 
 the State are many and various, and on a scale of magnitude and 
 efficiency commensurate with her important political and industrial status. 
 Upward of two thousand miles of railroads permeate the State in all 
 directions, and greatly conduce to the development of her expanding 
 manufacturing interests. Statistics for the fiscal year terminating 
 October 31, 1870, exhibited a total of receipts, $3,896,541 as against dis- 
 bursements, 13,532,406, leaving a balance, $364,135 in favor of the State 
 Treasury. The entire public debt, January 5, 1871, $3,971,000. This 
 State was first settled by Canadian voyageurs in 1702, who erected a fort 
 at Vincennes ; in 1763 it passed into the hands of the English, and was 
 by the latter ceded to the United States in 1783. From 1788 till 1791, 
 an Indian warefare prevailed. In 1800, all the region west and north of 
 Ohio (then formed into a distinct territory) became merged in Indiana. 
 In 1809, the present limits of the State were defined, Michigan and 
 Illinois having previously been withdrawn. In 1811, Indiana was the 
 theater of the Indian War of Tecumseh, ending with the decisive battle 
 of Tippecanoe. In 1816 (December 11), Indiana became enrolled among 
 the States of the American Union. In 1834, the State passed through a 
 monetary crisis owing to its having become mixed up with railroad, 
 canal, and other speculations on a gigantic scale, which ended, for the 
 time being, in a general collapse of public credit, and consequent bank- 
 ruptcy. Since that time, however, the greater number of the public 
 
260 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 
 
 works which had brought about that imbroglio — especially the great 
 Wabash and Erie Canal — have been completed, to the great benefit of 
 the State, whose subsequent progress has year by year been marked by 
 rapid strides in the paths of wealth, commerce, and general social and 
 political prosperity. The constitution now in force was adopted in 1851. 
 Population, 1,680,637. 
 
 IOWA. 
 
 In shape, Iowa presents an almost perfect parallelogram ; has a 
 length, north to south, of about 300 miles, by a pretty even width of 208 
 miles, and embraces an area of 55,045 square miles, or 35,228,800 acres. 
 The surface of the State is generally undulating, rising toward the 
 middle into an elevated plateau which forms the " divide " of the 
 Missouri and Mississippi basins. Rolling prairies, especially in the south 
 section, constitute a regnant feature, and the river bottoms, belted with 
 woodlands, present a soil of the richest alluvion. Iowa is well watered ; 
 the principal rivers being the Mississippi and Missouri, which form 
 respectively its east and west limits, and the Cedar, Iowa, and Des 
 Moines, affluents of the first named. Mineralogically, Iowa is important 
 as occupying a section of the great Northwest coal field, to the extent of 
 an area estimated at 25,000 square miles. Lead, copper, zinc, and iron, 
 are also mined in considerable quantities. The soil is well adapted to 
 the production of wheat, maize, and the other cereals ; fruits, vegetables, 
 and esculent roots ; maize, wheat, and oats forming the chief staples. 
 Wine, tobacco, hops, and wax, are other noticeable items of the agricul- 
 tural yield. Cattle-raising, too, is a branch of rural industry largely 
 engaged in. The climate is healthy, although liable to extremes of heat 
 and cold. The annual gross product of the various manufactures carried 
 on in this State approximate, in round numbers, a sum of $20,000,000. 
 Iowa has an immense railroad system, besides over 500 miles of water- 
 communication by means of its navigable rivers. The State is politically 
 divided into 99 counties, with the following centers of population : Des 
 Moines (capital), Iowa City (former capital), Dubuque, Davenport, Bur- 
 lington, Council Bluffs, Keokuk, Muscatine, and Cedar Rapids. The 
 State institutions of Iowa — religious, scholastic, and philanthropic — are 
 on a par, as regards number and perfection of organization and operation, 
 with those of her Northwest sister States, and education is especially 
 well cared for, and largely diffused. Iowa formed a portion of the 
 American territorial acquisitions from France, by the so-called Louisiana 
 purchase in 1803, and was politically identified with Louisiana till 1812, 
 
THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 263 
 
 when it merged into the Missouri Territory; in 1834 it came under the 
 Michigan organization, and, in 1836, under that of Wisconsin. Finally, 
 after being constituted an independent Territory, it became a State of 
 the Union, December 28, 1846. Population in 1860, 674,913 ; in 1870, 
 1,191,792, and in 1875, 1,353,118. 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 United area, 56,243 square miles, or 35,995,520 acres. Extent of the 
 Upper and smaller Peninsula — length, 316 miles; breadth, fluctuating 
 between 36 and 120 miles. The south division is 416 miles long, by from 
 60 to 300 miles wide. Aggregate lake-shore line, 1,400 miles. The 
 Upper, or North, Peninsula consists chiefly of an elevated plateau, 
 expanding into the Porcupine mountain-system, attaining a maximum 
 height of some 2,000 feet. Its shores along Lake Superior are eminently 
 bold and picturesque, and its area is rich in minerals, its product of 
 copper constituting an important source of industry. Both divisions are 
 heavily wooded, and the South one, in addition, boasts of a deep, rich, 
 loamy soil, throwing up excellent crops of cereals and other agricultural 
 produce. The climate is generally mild and humid, though the Winter 
 colds are severe. The chief staples of farm husbandry include the cereals, 
 grasses, maple sugar, sorghum, tobacco, fruits, and dairy-stuffs. In 1870, 
 the acres of land in farms were : improved, 5,096,939 ; unimproved 
 woodland, 4,080,146 ; other unimproved land, 842,057. The cash value 
 of land was $398,240,578 ; of farming implements and machinery, 
 $13,711,979. In 1869, there were shipped from the Lake Superior ports, 
 874,582 tons of iron ore, and 45,762 of smelted pig, along with 14,188 
 tons of copper (ore and ingot). Coal is another article largely mined. 
 Inland communication is provided for by an admirably organized railroad 
 system, and by the St. Mary's Ship Canal, connecting Lakes Huron and 
 Superior. Michigan is politically divided into 78 counties ; its chief 
 urban centers are Detroit, Lansing (capital), Ann Arbor, Marquette, 
 Bay City, Niles, Ypsilanti, Grand Haven, etc. The Governor of the 
 State is elected biennially. On November 30, 1870, the aggregate bonded 
 debt of Michigan amounted to $2,385,028, and the assessed valuation of 
 land to $266,929,278, representing an estimated cash value of $800,000,000. 
 Education is largely diffused and most excellently conducted and pro- 
 vided for. The State University at Ann Arbor, the colleges of Detroit 
 and Kalamazoo, the Albion Female College, the State Normal School at 
 Ypsilanti, and the State Agricultural College at Lansing, are chief among 
 the academic institutions. Michigan (a term of Chippeway origin, and 
 
264 THE NORTinVESTERN STATES. 
 
 signifying " Great Lake), was discovered and first settled by French 
 Canadians, who, in 1670, founded Detroit, the pioneer of a series of trad- 
 ing-posts on the Indian frontier. During the " Conspiracy of Pontiac," 
 following the French loss of Canada, Michigan became the scene of a 
 sanguinary struggle between the whites and aborigines. In 1796, it 
 became annexed to the United States, which incorporated this region 
 with the Northwest Territory, and then with Indiana Territory, till 1803, 
 when it became territorially independent. Michigan Avas the theater of 
 warlike operations during the war of 1812 with Great Britain, and in 
 1819 was authorized to be represented by one delegate in Congress ; in 
 1837 she was admitted into the Union as a State, and in 1869 ratified the 
 15th Amendment to the Federal Constitution. Population, 1,184,059. 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 It has a mean length of 260 miles, and a maximum breadth of 215. 
 Land area, 53,924 square miles, or 34,511,360 acres. Wisconsin lies at a 
 considerable altitude above sea-level, and consists for the most part of an 
 upland plateau, the surface of which is undulating and very generally 
 diversified. Numerous local eminences called mounds are interspersed 
 over the State, and the Lake Michigan coast-line is in many parts char- 
 acterized by lofty escarped cliffs, even as on the west side the banks of 
 the Mississippi form a series of high and picturesque bluffs. A group of 
 islands known as The Apostles lie off the extreme north point of the 
 State in Lake Superior, and the great estuary of Green Bay, running far 
 inland, gives formation to a long, narrow peninsula between its waters 
 and those of Lake Michigan. The river-system of Wisconsin has three 
 outlets — those of Lake Superior, Green Bay, and the Mississippi, which 
 latter stream forms the entire southwest frontier, widening at one point 
 into the large watery expanse called Lake Pepin. Lake Superior receives 
 the St. Louis, Burnt Wood, and Montreal Rivers; Green Bay, the 
 Menomonee, Peshtigo, Oconto, and Fox ; while into the Mississippi 
 empty the St. Croix, Chippewa, Black, Wisconsin, and Rock Rivers. 
 The chief interior lakes are those of Winnebago, Horicon, and Court 
 Oreilles, and smaller sheets of water stud a great part of the surface. 
 The climate is healthful, with cold Winters and brief but very warm 
 Summers. Mean annual rainfall 31 inches. The geological system 
 represented by the State, embraces those rocks included between the 
 primary and the Devonian series, the former containing extensive 
 deposits of copper and iron ore. Besides these minerals, lead and zinc 
 are found in great quantities, together with kaolin, plumbago, gypsum, 
 
THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 265 
 
 and various clays. Mining, consequently, forms a prominent industry, 
 and one of yearly increasing dimensions. The soil of Wisconsin is of 
 varying quality, but fertile on the whole, and in the north parts of the 
 State heavily timbered. The agricultural yield comprises the cereals, 
 together with flax, hemp, tobacco, pulse, sorgum, and all kinds of vege- 
 tables, and of the hardier fruits. In 1870, the State had a total number 
 of 102,904 farms, occupying 11,715,321 acres, of which 5,899,343 con- 
 sisted of improved land, and 3,437,442 were timbered. Cash value of 
 farms, $300,414,064 ; of farm implements and machinery, $14,239,364. 
 Total estimated value of all farm products, including betterments and 
 additions to stock, $78,027,032 ; of orchard and dairy stuffs, $1,045,933 ; 
 of lumber, $1,327,618 ; of home manufactures, $338,428 ; of all live-stock, 
 $45,310,882. Number of manufacturing establishments, 7,136, employ- 
 ing 39,055 hands, and turning out productions valued at $85,624,966. 
 The political divisions of the State form 61 counties, and the chief places 
 of wealth, trade, and population, are Madison (the capital), Milwaukee, 
 Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, Prairie du Chien, Janesville, Portage City, 
 Racine, Kenosha, and La Crosse. In 1870, the total assessed valuation 
 reached $333,209,838, as against a true valuation of both real and personal 
 estate aggregating $602,207,329. Treasury receipts during 1870, $886,- 
 696 ; disbursements, $906,329. Value of church property, $4,749,983. 
 Education is amply provided for. Independently of the State University 
 at Madison, and those of Galesville and of Lawrence at Appleton, and 
 the colleges of Beloit, Racine, and Milton, there are Normal Schools at 
 Platteville and Whitewater. The State is divided into 4,802 common 
 school districts, maintained at a cost, in 1870, of $2,094,160. The chari- 
 table institutions of Wisconsin include a Deaf and Dumb Asylum, an 
 Institute for the Education of the Blind, and a Soldiers' Orphans' School. 
 In January, 1870, the railroad system ramified throughout the State 
 totalized 2,779 miles of track, including several lines far advanced toward 
 completion. Immigration is successfully encouraged by the State author- 
 ities, the larger number of yearly new-comers being of Scandinavian and 
 German origin. The territory now occupied within the limits of the 
 State of Wisconsin was explored by French missionaries and traders in 
 1639, and it remained under French jurisdiction until 1703, w^hen it 
 became annexed to the British North American possessions. In 1796, it 
 reverted to the United States, the government of which latter admitted 
 it within the limits of the Northwest Territory, and in 1809, attached it 
 to that of Illinois, and to Michigan in 1818. Wisconsin became independ- 
 ently territorially organized in 1836, and became a State of the Union, 
 March 3, 1847. Population in 1870, 1,064,985, of which 2,113 were of 
 the colored race, and 11,521 Indians, 1,206 of the latter being out of 
 tribal relations. 
 
266 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 
 
 MINNESOTA 
 
 Its length, north to south, embraces an extent of 380 miles ; its 
 oreadth one of 250 miles at a maximum. Area, 84,000 square miles, or 
 54,760,000 acres. The surface of Minnesota, generally speaking, con- 
 sists of a succession of gently undulating plains and prairies, drained by 
 an admirable water-system, and with here and there heavily- timbered 
 bottoms and belts of virgin forest. The soil, corresponding with such a 
 supcrfices, is exceptionally rich, consisting for the most part of a dark, 
 calcareous sandy drift intermixed with loam. A distinguishing physical 
 feature of this State is its riverine ramifications, expanding in nearly 
 every part of it into almost innumerable lakes — the whole presenting an 
 aggregate of water-power having hardly a rival in the Union. Besides 
 the Mississippi — which here has its rise, and drains a basin of 800 miles 
 of country — the principal streams are the Minnesota (334 miles long), 
 the Red River of the North, the St. Croix, St. Louis, and many others of 
 lesser importance ; the chief lakes are those called Red, Cass, Leech, 
 Mille Lacs, Vermillion, and Winibigosh. Quite a concatenation of sheets 
 of water fringe the frontier line where Minnesota joins British America, 
 culminating in the Lake of the Woods. It has been estimated, that of 
 an area of 1,200,000 acres of surface between the St. Croix and Mis- 
 sissippi Rivers, not less than 73,000 acres are of lacustrine formation. In 
 point of minerals, the resources of Minnesota have as yet been very 
 imperfectly developed; iron, copper, coal, lead — all these are known to 
 exist in considerable deposits ; together with salt, limestone, and potter's 
 clay. The agricultural outlook of the State is in a high degree satis- 
 factory ; wheat constitutes the leading cereal in cultivation, with Indian 
 corn and oats in next order. Fruits and vegetables are grown in great 
 plenty and of excellent quality. The lumber resources of Minnesota are 
 important ; the pine forests in the north region alone occupying an area 
 of some 21,000 square miles, which in 1870 produced a return of scaled 
 logs amounting to 313,116,416 feet. The natural industrial advantages 
 possessed by Minnesota are largely improved upon by a railroad system. 
 The political divisions of this State number 78 counties ; of which the 
 chief cities and towns are : St. Paul (the capital"), Stillwater, Red Wing, 
 St. Anthony, Fort Snelling, Minneapolis, and Mankato. Minnesota has 
 already assumed an attitude of high importance as a manufacturing State; 
 this is mainly due to the wonderful command of water-power she pos- 
 sesses, as before spoken of. Besides her timber-trade, the milling of 
 flour, the distillation of whisky, and the tanning of leather, are prominent 
 interests, which in 1869, gave returns to the amount of $14,831,043. 
 
THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 267 
 
 Education is notably provided for on a broad and catholic scale, the 
 entire amount expended scholastically during the year 1870 being $857,- 
 816 ; while on November 30 of the j)receding year the permanent school 
 fund stood at $2,476,222. Besides a University and Agricultural College, 
 Normal and Reform Schools flourish, and with these may be mentioned 
 such various philanthropic and religious institutions as befit the needs of 
 an intelligent and prosperous community. The finances of the State for 
 the fiscal year terminating December 1, 1870, exhibited a balance on the 
 right side to the amount of $136,164, being a gain of $44,000 over the 
 previous year's figures. The earliest exploration of Minnesota by the 
 whites was made in 1680 by a French Franciscan, Father Hennepin, who' 
 gave the name of St. Antony to the Great Falls on the Upper Missisippi. 
 In 1763, the Treaty of Versailles ceded this region to England, 
 Twenty years later, Minnesota formed part of the Northwest Territory 
 transferred to the United States, and became herself territorialized inde- 
 pendently in 1849. Indian cessions in 1851 enlarged her boundaries, and, 
 May 11, 1857, Minnesota became a unit of the great American federation 
 of States. Population, 489,706. 
 
 NEBRASKA. 
 
 Maximum length, 412 miles ; extreme breadth, 208 miles. Area, 
 75,905 square miles, or 48,636,800 acres. The surface of this State is 
 almost entirely undulating prairie, and forms part of the west slope of 
 the great central basin of the North American Continent. In its west 
 division, near the base of the Rocky Mountains, is a sandy belt of 
 country, irregularly defined. In this part, too, are the " dunes," resem- 
 bling a wavy sea of sandy billows, as well as the Mauvaises Terres, a tract 
 of singular formation, produced by eccentric disintegrations and denuda- 
 tions of the land. The chief rivers are the Missouri, constituting its en- 
 tire east line of demarcation ; the Nebraska or Platte, the Niobrara, the 
 Republican Fork of the Kansas, the Elkhorn, and the Loup Fork of the 
 Platte. The soil is very various, but consisting chiefly of rich, bottomy 
 loam, admirably adapted to the raising of heavy crops of cereals. All 
 the vegetables and fruits of the temperate zone are produced in great 
 size and plenty. For grazing ]3urposes Nebraska is a State exceptionally 
 well fitted, a region of not less than 23,000,000 acres being adaptable to 
 this branch of husbandry. It is believed that the, as yet, comparatively 
 infertile tracts of land found in various parts of the State are susceptible 
 of productivity by means of a properly conducted system of irrigation. 
 Few minerals of moment have so far been found within the limits of 
 
268 THE NORTHWESTERX STATES. 
 
 Nebraska, if we may except important saline deposits at the head of Salt 
 Creek in its southeast section. The State is divided into 57 counties, 
 independent of the Pawnee and Winnebago Indians, and of unorganized 
 territory in the northwest part. The principal towns are Omaha, Lincoln 
 (State capital), Nebraska City, Columbus, Grand Island, etc. In 1870, 
 the total assessed value of property amounted to $53,000,000, being an 
 increase of $11,000,000 over the previous year's returns. The total 
 amount received from the school-fund during the year 1869-70 was 
 $71,999. Education is making great onward strides, the State University 
 and an Agricultural College being far advanced toward completion. In 
 the matter of railroad communication, Nebraska bids fair to soon place 
 herself on a par with her neighbors to the east. Besides being inter- 
 sected by the Union Pacific line, with its off-shoot, the Fremont and Blair, 
 other tracks are in course of rapid construction. Organized by Con- 
 gressional Act into a Territory, May 30, 1851, Nebraska entered the 
 Union as a full State, March 1, 1867. Population, 122,993. 
 
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 269 
 
 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 
 
 We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, 
 establish jtistice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common 
 defense, promote the general ivelfare, and secure the hlessiyigs of liberty 
 to ourselves arid our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution 
 for the United States of America. 
 
 Article I. 
 
 Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in 
 a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and 
 House of Representatives. 
 
 Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of mem- 
 bers chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the 
 electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of 
 the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. 
 
 No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the 
 age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United 
 States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in 
 which he shall be chosen. 
 
 Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev- 
 eral states which may be included within this Union, according to their 
 respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole 
 number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term o£ 
 years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. 
 The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first 
 meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subse- 
 quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The 
 number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, 
 but each state shall have at least one Representative ; and until such, 
 enumeration shall be made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled 
 to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plan- 
 tations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylva- 
 nia eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten. North Carolina five, 
 and Georgia three. 
 
 When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the 
 Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such 
 vacancies. 
 
 The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other 
 officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 
 
 Sec. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two 
 Senators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years ; 
 and each Senator shall have one vote. 
 
 Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first 
 election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. 
 The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expira- 
 
270 AND ITS AMENDIMENTS. 
 
 tion of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth 
 year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that 
 one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen hy 
 resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any state, 
 the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next 
 meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 
 
 No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age 
 of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and 
 who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he 
 shall be chosen. 
 
 The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of tli 
 Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. 
 
 The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President fro 
 tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise 
 the office of President of the United States. 
 
 The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When 
 sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the 
 President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside. 
 And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds 
 of the members present. 
 
 Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to 
 removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of 
 honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted 
 shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, 
 and punishment according to law. 
 
 Sec. 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Sen- 
 ators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the Legis- 
 lature thereof ; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter 
 such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. 
 
 The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such 
 meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by 
 law appoint a different day. 
 
 Sec. 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns, and 
 qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute 
 a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to 
 day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members 
 in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 
 
 Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its 
 members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, 
 expel a member. 
 
 Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to 
 time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, 
 require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house 
 on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered 
 on the journal. 
 
 Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the 
 consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other 
 place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 
 
 Sec. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compen- 
 sation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the 
 treasury of the United States. They shall in ail cases, except treason, 
 
 i 
 
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 271 
 
 felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their 
 attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and 
 returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house 
 they shall not be questioned in any other place. 
 
 No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was 
 elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United 
 States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall 
 have been increased during such time ; and no person holding any office 
 under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his 
 continuance in office. 
 
 Sec. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of 
 Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments 
 as on other bills. 
 
 Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and 
 the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President 
 - the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it ; but if not he shall 
 return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi- 
 nated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and 
 proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration two-thirds of that 
 house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec- 
 tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if 
 approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all 
 such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by } eas and nays, 
 and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered 
 on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned 
 by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have 
 been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he 
 had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its 
 return, in which case it shall not be a law. 
 
 Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the 
 Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a 
 question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the 
 United States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by 
 him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of 
 the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and lim- 
 itations prescribed in the case of a bill. 
 
 Sec. 8. The Congress shall have power — 
 
 To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts, 
 and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United 
 States ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout 
 the United States ; 
 
 To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; 
 
 To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several 
 Str.tes, and with the Indian tribes ; 
 
 To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on 
 the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ; 
 
 To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and 
 fix the standard of weights and measures ; 
 
 To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and 
 current coin of the United States; 
 
 To establish post offices and post roads ; 
 
272 -^^^ ITS AMENDMENTS. 
 
 To promote the progress of sciences and useful arts, by securing, 
 for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their 
 respective writings and discoveries ; 
 
 To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; 
 
 To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high 
 seas, and offenses against the law of nations ; 
 
 To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules 
 concerning captures on land and water ; 
 
 To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that 
 use shall be for n longer term than two years ; 
 
 To provide and maintain a navy ; 
 
 To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and 
 naval forces ; 
 
 To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the 
 Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions ; 
 
 To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and 
 for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the 
 United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the 
 officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the disci- 
 pline prescribed by Congress ; 
 
 To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not 
 exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and tlic 
 acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United 
 States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the 
 consent of the Legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for 
 the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful 
 buildings ; and 
 
 To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying 
 into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this 
 Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any depart- 
 ment or officer thereof. 
 
 Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the 
 states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited 
 b}^ the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, 
 but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten 
 dollars for each person. 
 
 The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, 
 unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may 
 require it. 
 
 No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. 
 
 No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion 
 to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. 
 
 No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. 
 
 No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or rev 
 enue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels 
 bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or jDay duties in 
 another. 
 
 No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of 
 appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of 
 the receipts and expeditures of all public money shall be published from 
 time to time. 
 
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 273 
 
 No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States : and no 
 person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the 
 consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title 
 of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. 
 
 Sec. 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confeder- 
 ation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of 
 credit ; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of 
 debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the 
 obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. 
 
 No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts 
 or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary 
 for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and 
 imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the 
 Treasury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be subject to the 
 revision and control of the Congress. 
 
 No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on 
 tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into an}^ 
 agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or 
 engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will 
 not admit of delay. 
 
 Article II. 
 
 Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of 
 the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term 
 of four years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same 
 term, be elected as follows : 
 
 Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof 
 may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators 
 and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress; 
 but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or 
 profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. 
 
 [ * The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by 
 ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of 
 the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the 
 persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they 
 shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government 
 of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The Pres- 
 ident of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Rep- 
 resentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. 
 The person having tlie greatest number of votes shall be the President, 
 if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
 and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal 
 number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately 
 choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a ma- 
 jority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like 
 manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote 
 shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one 
 vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members 
 from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be 
 necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President 
 
 • This clause between brackets has been superseaed and annulled by the Twelfth ameudnipn* 
 
274 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 
 
 the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be 
 the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have 
 equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-Presi- 
 dent.] 
 
 The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and 
 the day on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same 
 throughout the United States. 
 
 No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United 
 States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible 
 to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that 
 office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been 
 fourteen years a resident within the United States. 
 
 In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, 
 resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said 
 office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress 
 may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inabil- 
 ity, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall 
 then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the dis- 
 ability be removed, or a President shall be elected. 
 
 The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- 
 pensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the 
 period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive 
 within that period any other emolument from the United States or any of 
 them. 
 
 Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the fol- 
 lowing oath or affirmation : 
 
 " I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the 
 office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, 
 preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." 
 
 Sec. 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the army and 
 navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when 
 called into the actual service of the United States ; he may require the 
 opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive 
 departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective 
 offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardon for offenses 
 against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 
 
 He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the 
 Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present con- 
 cur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate, 
 shall appoint ambassaaors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of 
 the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose 
 appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be 
 established by law ; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment 
 of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in 
 the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. 
 
 The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may 
 happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which 
 shall expire at the end of their next session. 
 
 Sec. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information 
 of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such mea- 
 sures as he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may on extraordinary 
 
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 275 
 
 occasions convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disa^ree- 
 ment between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may 
 adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive 
 ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be 
 faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United 
 States. 
 
 Sec. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the 
 United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and con 
 viction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 
 
 Article III. 
 
 Section I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested 
 in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from 
 time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and 
 inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at 
 stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be 
 diminished during their continuance in office. 
 
 Sec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and 
 equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and 
 treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases 
 affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of 
 admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United 
 States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more states ; 
 between a state and citizens of another state ; between citizens of differ- 
 ent states ; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants 
 of different states, and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign 
 states, citizens, or subjects. 
 
 In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, 
 and those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have 
 original jurisdiction. 
 
 In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall 
 have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions 
 and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. 
 
 The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by 
 jury ; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall 
 have been committed ; but when not committed within an}'- state, the 
 trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have 
 directed. 
 
 Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levy- 
 ing war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid 
 and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the tes- 
 timony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open 
 court. 
 
 The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason 
 but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture 
 except during the life of the person attainted. 
 
 Article IV. 
 
 Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the 
 public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And 
 
276 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 
 
 the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such 
 acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 
 
 Sec. 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges 
 and immunities of citizens in the several states. 
 
 A person charged in any state witli treason, felony, or other crime, 
 who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand 
 of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered 
 up, to be removed to the state having jurisdid'on of the crime. 
 
 No person lield to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof 
 escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation 
 therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered 
 up on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. 
 
 Sec. 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; 
 but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any 
 other state ; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, 
 or parts of states, without the consent of the Legislatures of the states 
 concerned, as well as of the Congress. 
 
 The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful 
 rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging 
 to the United States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed 
 as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular state. 
 
 Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this 
 Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them 
 against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or of the Execu- 
 tive (when the Legislature can not be convened), against domestic vio- 
 lence. 
 
 Article V. 
 
 The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it 
 necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the ap- 
 plication of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call 
 a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be 
 valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, when rati- 
 fied by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several states, or by con- 
 ventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratifi- 
 cation may be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment 
 which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and 
 eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth 
 section of the first article ; and that no state, without its consent, shall 
 be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. 
 
 Article VL 
 
 All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adop- 
 tion of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under 
 this Constitution as under the Confederation. 
 
 This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be 
 made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, 
 under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the 
 land ; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in 
 the Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the mem- 
 
 J 
 
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 277 
 
 bers of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial offi- 
 cers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound 
 by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test 
 shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under 
 the United States. 
 
 Article VII. 
 
 The ratification of the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient 
 for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifjang 
 the same. 
 
 Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the 
 seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
 seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the 
 United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have 
 hereunto subscribed our names. 
 
 GEO. WASHINGTON, 
 President and Deputy from Virginia. 
 
 Neiv Hampshire. 
 John Langdon, 
 Nicholas Gilivian. 
 
 Massachusetts. 
 Nathaniel Gorham, 
 RuFUS King. 
 
 Connecticut. 
 Wm. Sam'l Johnson, 
 Roger Sherman. 
 
 Delaware. 
 Geo. Read, 
 John Dickinson, 
 Jaco. Broom, 
 Gunning Bedford, Jr., 
 Richard Bassett. 
 
 Maryland. 
 James M' Henry, 
 Danl. Carroll, 
 Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer. 
 
 Netv York. 
 Alexander Hamilton. 
 
 New Jersey. 
 WiL. Livingston, 
 Wm. Paterson, 
 David Brearley, 
 JoNA. Dayton. 
 
 Virginia. 
 John Blair, 
 James Madison, Jr. 
 
 North Carolina. 
 Wm. Blount, 
 Hu. Williamson, 
 Rich'd Dobbs Spaight. 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 B. Franklin, 
 Robt. Morris, 
 Thos. Fitzsenions, 
 James Wilson, 
 Thos. Mifflin, 
 Geo. Clymer, 
 Jared Ingersoll, 
 Gouv. Morris. 
 
 South Carolina. 
 J. Rutledge, 
 Charles Pinckney, 
 Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, 
 Pierce Butler. 
 
 Georgia. 
 William Few, 
 Abr. Baldwin. 
 
 WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. 
 
278 AND ITS a]!hend:ments. 
 
 Articles in Addition to a^td Amendatory op the Constitution 
 OF THE United States of America. 
 
 Proposed by Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the several states, 
 pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution. 
 
 Article I. 
 
 Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment cf religion, 
 or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of 
 speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, 
 and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 
 
 Article II. 
 
 A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free 
 state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 
 
 Article III. 
 
 No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without 
 the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be pre- 
 scribed by law. 
 
 Article IV. 
 
 The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, 
 and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio- 
 lated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, sujjported by 
 oath or afifirraation, and particularly describing the place to be searched 
 and the persons or things to be seized. 
 
 Article V. 
 
 No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous 
 crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in 
 cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual 
 service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject 
 for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or liml) ; nor shall 
 be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be 
 deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor 
 shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. 
 
 Article VI. 
 
 In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a 
 speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district 
 wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have 
 been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and 
 cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; 
 to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to 
 have the assistance of counsel for his defense. 
 
 Article VII. 
 
 In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed 
 twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact 
 
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 281 
 
 tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United 
 States than according to the rules of the common law. 
 
 Article VIII. 
 
 Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, 
 nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 
 
 Article IX. 
 
 The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be 
 construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 
 
 Article X. 
 
 The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, 
 nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, 
 or to the people. 
 
 Article XI. 
 
 The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to 
 extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one 
 of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub- 
 jects of any foreign state. 
 
 Article XII. 
 
 The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot 
 for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an 
 inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they shall name in their 
 ballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots tho 
 person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of 
 all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- 
 President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign 
 and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United 
 States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the 
 Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, 
 open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person 
 having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, 
 if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
 and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the 
 highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as 
 President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by 
 ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be 
 taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a 
 quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- 
 thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to 
 a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- 
 dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the 
 fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as 
 President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of 
 the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- 
 President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority 
 of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major- 
 
282 AND ITS AMENDMEifTS. 
 
 ity then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose 
 the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds 
 of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number 
 shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible 
 to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the 
 
 United States. 
 
 Article XIII. 
 
 Section" 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
 punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, 
 shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- 
 diction. 
 
 Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- 
 priate legislation. 
 
 Article XIV. 
 
 Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and 
 subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and 
 of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law 
 which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United 
 States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, 
 without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction 
 the equal protection of the laws. 
 
 Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states 
 according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- 
 sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to 
 vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice- 
 President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu- 
 tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature 
 thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being 
 twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way 
 abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of 
 representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- 
 ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens 
 twenty-one years of age in such state. 
 
 Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, 
 or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or 
 military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ- 
 ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the 
 United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu- 
 tive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the 
 United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebelhon against the 
 same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may 
 by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. 
 
 Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author- 
 ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- 
 ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- 
 tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt 
 or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the 
 United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, 
 obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. 
 
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 283 
 
 Article XV. 
 
 Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not 
 be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of 
 race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 
 
 VOTE FOR GOVERNOR, 1877, AND PRESIDENT, 187G. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 
 1877. 
 Governor. 
 
 
 1876. 
 President. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 
 1877. 
 Governor. 
 
 
 1876. 
 President. 
 
 
 Rep. 
 
 Dem. 
 
 Gr. 
 
 Pro. 
 
 Eep. 
 
 Dem. 
 
 Kep. 
 
 Dem. 
 
 Gr 
 
 Pro. 
 
 Rep. 
 
 Dem. 
 
 Adair 
 
 982 
 
 876 
 1547 
 1165 
 
 410 
 1432 
 178(1 
 1612 
 1180 
 12110 
 
 7-17 
 14^3 
 
 418 
 
 6J3 
 1592 
 1315 
 
 90£ 
 
 562 
 1279 
 1054 
 
 517 
 1873 
 2144 
 
 898 
 1541 
 
 893 
 1269 
 1226 
 2315 
 
 197 
 1587 
 
 213 
 1933 
 1233 
 1311 
 1250 
 1031 
 
 909 
 1160 
 
 842 
 
 340 
 1492 
 1348 
 1770 
 
 551 
 
 382 
 
 321 
 1132 
 1619 
 1977 
 l:i96 
 
 161 
 397 
 
 1540 
 
 1U49 
 352 
 712 
 
 1111 
 981 
 582 
 769 
 192 
 758 
 75 
 744 
 839 
 
 1093 
 
 348 
 
 74 
 
 1107 
 
 267 
 
 16 
 
 1770 
 
 2327 
 651 
 215 
 
 1231 
 961 
 
 1143 
 
 1384 
 8 
 
 3415 
 28 
 
 1067 
 208 
 336 
 
 1331 
 215 
 504 
 496 
 265 
 95 
 661 
 86. 
 424 
 647 
 149 
 54 
 
 1120 
 
 1966 
 
 1154 
 753 
 
 581 
 485 
 
 69 
 729 
 
 26 
 567 
 
 95 
 466 
 196 
 725 
 161 
 
 19 
 171 
 141 
 116 
 206 
 
 72 
 383 
 
 37 
 813 
 
 20 
 
 66 
 286 
 
 It 
 
 1241 
 
 803 
 
 31" 
 
 32 
 767 
 
 15 
 38 
 30 
 32 
 
 1334 
 
 1376 
 
 1709 
 1711 
 
 427 
 29ul 
 2979 
 2018 
 1737 
 2227 
 
 770 
 1828 
 
 622 
 
 799 
 1876 
 2328 
 1274 
 
 864 
 1574 
 140 > 
 
 567 
 2662 
 3654 
 1043 
 2136 
 1586 
 1647 
 2233 
 3325 
 
 259 
 2798 
 
 246 
 3029 
 2032 
 1178 
 1658 
 1310 
 1099 
 1434 
 1187 
 
 281 
 2152 
 1.557 
 2809 
 1194 
 
 523 
 
 21i 
 1870 
 2126 
 3375 
 2166 
 
 593 
 
 626 
 1646 
 
 
 1884 
 
 1868 
 
 1772 
 
 463 
 
 2157 
 
 2524 
 
 1328 
 
 1203 
 
 261 
 
 1792 
 
 1823 
 
 1976 
 
 1448 
 
 1435 
 
 1396 
 
 680 
 
 1034 
 
 1122 
 
 1753 
 
 306 
 
 295 
 
 1166 
 
 311 
 
 779 
 
 370 
 
 3171 
 
 2223 
 
 1496 
 
 964 
 
 656 
 
 3031 
 
 888 
 
 436 
 
 1260 
 
 1426 
 
 1325 
 
 899 
 
 1490 
 
 17 
 
 1726 
 
 1687 
 
 1316 
 
 850 
 
 544 
 
 2074 
 
 1109 
 
 628 
 
 391 
 
 2345 
 
 1218 
 
 1526 
 
 236 
 
 2863 
 
 2316 
 
 817 
 
 804 
 
 17 
 
 1077 
 
 10S6 
 
 1866 
 
 837 
 
 1102 
 
 459 
 
 119 
 
 928 
 
 441 
 
 1775 
 
 21 
 
 40 
 
 608 
 
 357 
 
 4.^7 
 
 91 
 
 1885 
 
 2059 
 
 882 
 
 71 
 
 11:8 
 
 1963 
 
 639 
 
 132 
 
 344 
 
 833 
 
 293 
 
 516 
 
 1305 
 
 102» 
 
 944 
 
 1221 
 
 832 
 
 127 
 
 40 
 
 1009 
 
 867 
 
 132 
 
 166 
 
 18 
 14 
 
 322 
 13 
 
 350 
 75 
 89 
 
 103 
 9 
 
 616 
 
 loll 
 
 760 
 
 3S9 
 
 98 
 
 35 
 
 432 
 
 247 
 
 5:^2 
 
 171 
 
 201 
 
 13 
 
 34« 
 
 273 
 68 
 
 105 
 89 
 
 299 
 
 585 
 
 108 
 12 
 U 
 56 
 
 696 
 95 
 
 504 
 28 
 30 
 9 
 26 
 47 
 
 387 
 14 
 .33 
 
 293 
 3 
 39 
 36 
 94 
 
 121 
 
 346 
 47 
 13 
 37 
 16 
 
 2345 
 
 2591 
 
 2364 
 
 638 
 
 316:t 
 
 4331 
 
 1920 
 
 1478 
 
 262 
 
 2246 
 
 3221 
 
 2736 
 
 3056 
 
 1452 
 
 1663 
 
 713 
 
 1418 
 
 1749 
 
 2523 
 
 463 
 
 329 
 
 2243 
 
 343 
 
 835 
 
 374 
 
 4321 
 
 2505 
 
 2509 
 
 1246 
 
 661 
 
 3819 
 
 897 
 
 439 
 
 1843 
 
 2337 
 
 1727 
 
 1238 
 
 2113 
 
 2582 
 
 2439 
 
 2467 
 
 1692 
 
 1299 
 
 498 
 
 2759 
 
 1034 
 
 70:i 
 
 57-1 
 
 3563 
 
 
 
 1763 
 
 
 
 1862 
 
 Appanoose 
 
 14l9jiKossuth 
 
 352 iT.efi 
 
 227 
 S682 
 
 
 44-» 
 
 244 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 223 
 20 
 95 
 74 
 11 
 30 
 
 416 
 40 
 86 
 94 
 19 
 67 
 
 167 
 66 
 
 111 
 80 
 12 
 19 
 
 525 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 53 
 
 1.35; 
 1592 
 1305 
 
 757 
 1416 
 
 200 
 
 
 2917 
 
 Black Hawk 
 
 
 1008 
 
 
 
 1044 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 1.538 
 
 
 
 1701 
 
 Butler 
 
 78o! 
 196 
 
 
 2304 
 
 
 Marshall 
 
 1189 
 
 
 771 
 979 
 1445 
 
 Mills 
 
 1165 
 
 
 Mitchell 
 
 671 
 
 Cedar.. .. 
 
 
 3(J4 
 
 
 448 
 
 175 
 
 1090 
 
 816 
 
 94 
 
 2621 1 
 
 33981 
 
 6381 
 
 T52| 
 
 1631 
 
 1282i 
 
 1466' 
 
 2917 
 
 48 
 
 iV7\ 
 
 361 
 
 1709! 
 
 751 
 
 379 
 
 108" 
 
 
 1246 
 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 759 
 
 
 2075 
 
 Clark 
 
 O'Brien 
 
 116 
 
 Clay . 
 
 
 59 
 
 
 
 861 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Palo Alto 
 
 333 
 
 
 77 
 44 
 
 1353 
 218 
 420 
 671 
 177 
 309 
 3 
 49 
 644 
 196 
 86l-< 
 830 
 301 
 
 1265 
 742 
 303 
 404 
 
 1421 
 
 eo--" 
 
 Ballaa 
 
 Davis 
 
 Pocalioiitas 
 
 Polk 
 
 141 
 
 2382 
 
 
 Pottawattamie... 
 
 2414 
 
 
 1083 
 
 
 
 429 
 
 
 
 166 
 
 
 406 
 
 Scott 
 
 2b53 
 
 
 Sh Iby 
 
 631 
 
 
 889 
 162 
 16 
 334 
 551 
 
 27 
 30 
 10 
 
 
 220 
 
 Floyd 
 
 
 187 
 133 
 
 579 
 
 Frauklin 
 
 Tama 
 
 1317 
 
 
 Txvlnr 
 
 676 
 
 
 27 
 8 
 
 21 
 
 57 
 
 2 
 
 154 
 
 19 
 140 
 519 
 
 64 
 
 51ol flmon 
 
 63 
 130 
 296 
 101 
 112 
 3 
 
 47 
 
 795 
 
 
 417 
 
 629 
 
 425 
 
 99 
 
 980 
 
 1386 1 
 
 1485 
 
 600 
 
 183 
 
 57 
 
 1348 
 
 
 1661 
 
 
 304 
 422 
 29 
 238 
 523 
 
 1041 
 201 
 115 
 104 
 642 
 224 
 
 1018 
 576 
 
 Wapello 
 
 2412 
 
 
 
 1316 
 
 
 Washington 
 
 1508 
 
 
 1341 
 
 
 Webster 
 
 987 
 
 Henry 
 
 Howard .. 
 
 Winnebago 
 
 Winneshiek 
 
 39 
 
 279 
 
 226 
 
 8 
 
 117 
 
 238 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 98 
 
 1017 
 997 
 
 Ida 
 
 Worth 
 
 149 
 
 
 228 
 
 15 
 
 26? 
 
 1(.9 
 
 Wrii-ht 
 
 184 
 
 
 2185 
 1804 
 1449 
 
 Totals 
 
 
 
 121.546 
 4 19- 
 
 79353 
 
 3422; 
 
 10639 
 
 17133-. 
 .59211 
 
 11212J 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Majorities 
 
 
 Total vote, 1877, 245,766 , 1876 (including^949 Greenback), 292,943. 
 
 VOTE FOR CONGRESSMEN, 1876. 
 
 Distrct. 
 
 I ... 
 If 
 III. 
 IV.., 
 
 v.... 
 
 YI 
 
 ll.p. 
 
 17188 
 16439 
 17-123 
 20770 
 19274 
 18778 
 
 14814 
 14683 
 16100 
 9379 
 111.54 
 14719 
 
 R. Maj 
 
 2374 
 1756 
 1323 
 11391 
 
 8120] 
 4059' 
 
 32002 
 31122 
 3:i523 
 30149 
 30428 
 33497 
 
 Maj. '74. District. 
 
 Pvep. { Dem. I Pv. Maj. Total. 
 
 Mnj '74. 
 
 D. 1863' VII ....] 19496 1 1688| 
 
 R. 657 
 D. 63 
 R. 3824 
 R. 6243 
 R. 2724 
 
 VIII .. 193.58 15236 
 
 IX I 19563] 10583 
 
 7808 
 4122 
 89S0 
 
 168289 118356 49933 
 
 31184 
 34594 
 30146 
 
 R. 2300 
 R. 2127 
 R. 5849 
 
 Total vote, 1874, 184 640 ; aggregate Republican majority, 24,524. '''Including 5,460 Greenback vot^s. 
 
Practical Rules for Every Day Use. 
 
 Hoiv to find the gain or loss per cent, when the cost and selling price 
 are given. 
 
 Rule. — Find the difference between the cost and selUng price, which 
 wiU be the gain or loss. 
 
 Annex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost 
 price ; the result will be the gain or loss per cent. 
 
 Eoio to change gold into currency. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the given sum of gold by the price of gold. 
 
 JSoiv to change currency into gold. 
 
 Divide the amount in currency by the price of gold. 
 
 Hoio to find each partner'' s share of the gain or loss in a copartnership 
 business. 
 
 Rule. — Divide the whole gain or loss by the entire stock, the quo- 
 tient will be the gain or loss per cent. 
 
 Multiply each partner's stock by this per cent., the result will be 
 each one's share of the gain or loss. 
 
 Hotv to find gross and net weight and price of hogs. 
 
 A short and simple method for finding the net weight.^ or price of hogs, 
 when the gross weight or price is given, and vice versa. 
 
 Note.— It is generally assiinied that the gross weight of Hogs diminished by 1-5 or 20 per cent, 
 of itself gives the net weight, and the net weight increased hy ^i or 25 per cent, of itself equals the 
 ^ross weight. 
 
 To find the net weight or gross price. 
 
 Multiply the given number by .8 (tenths.) 
 
 To find the gross weight or net price. 
 
 Divide the given number by .8 (tenths.) 
 
 How to find the capacity of a granary, bin, or ivagon-hed. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply (by short method) the number of cubic feet by 
 6308, and point off one decimal place — the result will be the correct 
 nswer in bushels and tenths of a bushel. 
 
 For only an approximate answer, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and 
 point off one decimal place. 
 
 Hoiv to find the contents of a corn-crib. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or 
 
 (284) 
 
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 285 
 
 by 4i ordinary method, and point off one decimal place — the result will 
 be the answer in bushels. 
 
 Note.— Ill estimating corn in tlie ear, tlie quality and ttie time it has been cribbed must be taken 
 into consideration, since corn will shrink considerably during tlie Winter and Spring. This rule generally holds 
 good for corn measured at tlie time it is cribbed, provided it is sound and clean. 
 
 Hoiv to find the contents of a cister^i or tank. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (all 
 in feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off one 
 decimal place — the result will be the contents in barrels of 31^ gallons. 
 
 Sotv to find the contents of a barrel or cask. 
 
 Rule. — Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length 
 (all in inches) in REVERej:D order, so that its units will fall under the 
 TENS ; multiply by short method, and this product again by 430 ; point 
 off one decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons. 
 
 Mow to measure boards. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and 
 divide the product by 12 — the result will be the contents in square feet. 
 
 Jlotv to measure scantlings, joists, planks, sills, etc. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the width, the thickness, and the length together 
 (the width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide 
 the product by 12 — the result will be square feet. 
 
 How to find the number of acres in a body of land. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the length by the width (in rods), and divide the 
 product by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a 
 remainder) ; the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths. 
 
 When the opposite sides of a ];)iece of land are of unequal length, 
 add them together and take one-half for the mean length or width. 
 
 Hoiv to find the number of square yards in a floor or tvall. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and 
 divide the product by 9, the result will be square yards. 
 
 Mow to find the number of bricks required in a building. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 22^. 
 
 The number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height 
 nd thickness (in feet) together. 
 
 Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches 
 thick ; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar, 
 but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space. 
 
 Mow to find the number of shingles required in a roof. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the number of square feet in the roof b}^ 8, if the 
 shingles are exposed 4 J inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches. 
 
 To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by 
 twice the length of the rafters. 
 
286 MISCELLANEOUS INFOHMATION. 
 
 To find the length of the rafters, at one-fourth pitch, multiply the 
 width of the building by .56 (hundredths) ; at ONE-THiRb pitch, by .6 
 (tenths) ; at two-fifths pitch, by .64 (hundredths) ; at one-half 
 pitch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from 
 the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be 
 taken into consideration. 
 
 Note.— By yi or }i pitch is meant tliat tlie apex or comb of tlie roof is to be X or K the wiatli of the 
 building higher than the walls or base of the rafters. 
 
 Hoiv to reckon the cost of hay. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton, 
 and remove the decimal point three places to the left. 
 
 How to measure grain. 
 
 Rule. — Level the grain ; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic 
 feet ; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to 
 the left. 
 
 Note.— Exactness requires the addition to every three hundred bushels of one extra bushel. 
 
 The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by 
 roviltiplying the number of bushels by 8. 
 
 If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find 
 the number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of eai 
 corn to make 1 of shelled corn. 
 
 Rapid rules for measuring land without instruments. 
 
 In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any 
 given plot in square yards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the 
 number of rods and acres. 
 
 The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, 
 an ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on 
 the average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes. 
 
 To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to 
 walk in a straight line ; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line 
 straight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote ; and, in walk- 
 ing, keep these objects constantly in line. 
 
 Farmers and others hy adopting the folloiving simple and ingenious con- 
 trivance, may alivays carry with them the scale to construct a correct yard 
 measure. 
 
 Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger ol 
 the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the 
 left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink. 
 
 To find how many rods in length 7cill make an acre., the width being given. 
 Rule. — Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 287 
 
 Hotv to find the number of acres in any plot of latid, the number of rods 
 being given. 
 
 Rule, — Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, 
 and remove the decimal point two places to the left. 
 
 The diameter being given, to find the circumference. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7. 
 
 Sow to find the diameter, zvhen the circumference is given. 
 
 Rule. — Divide the circumference by 3 1-7. 
 
 To find how many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick' 
 ness throughout will contain ivhen squared. 
 
 Rule. — Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply 
 by the length in feet, and divide the product by 144. 
 
 General rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and 
 then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144. 
 
 To find the number of feet of timber in trees with the bark on. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in 
 inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to 
 1-15 according to the thickness of the bark. 
 
 Sbward's neiv rule for computing interest. 
 
 Rule. — The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest 
 on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal 
 point two places to the left ; for ten times that time, remove the point 
 one place to the left; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three 
 places to the left. 
 
 Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given. 
 
 Note.— The reciprocal of the rate is found by inverting the rate ; thus 3 per cent, per month, In- 
 verted, becomes >i of a month, or 10 days. 
 
 When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus : 3-1, 
 three ones. 
 
 Hule for converting Unglish into American currency. 
 
 Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, 
 by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90. 
 
 U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE. 
 
 A township — 86 sections each a mile square. 
 A section — 640 acres. 
 
 A quarter section, half a mile square — 160 acres. 
 An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter 
 of a mile wide — 80 acres. 
 
 A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square — 40 acres. 
 
288 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 
 
 The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east 
 corner. 
 
 The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the 
 cardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The de- 
 scription of a forty acre lot would read : The south half of the west half of 
 the south-west quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range T west, 
 or as the case might be ; and sometimes will fall short and sometimes 
 overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain. 
 
 The nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile. 
 
 SURVEYORS' MEASURE. 
 
 7 92-100 inches make 1 link. 
 
 25 links " 1 rod. 
 
 4rods " 1 chain. 
 
 80 chains " 1 mile. 
 
 Note. — A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 6G feet. 
 
 Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barley- 
 corn ; three of which made an inch. 
 
 Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of 
 measure is four inches — called a hand. 
 
 In Biblical and other old measurements, the term S2)an is sometimes 
 used, Avhich is a lei'.gth of nine inches. 
 
 The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length. 
 
 The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length. 
 
 A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches. 
 
 A fathom is equal to 6 feet. 
 
 A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly 
 speaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal 
 to 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said 
 to be a league. 
 
 In cloth measure an aune is equal to li yards, or 45 inches. 
 
 An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches. 
 
 A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches. 
 
 A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches. 
 
 HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS. 
 
 Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, 
 should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic man- 
 ner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of ac- 
 quiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here 
 present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, 
 and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics 
 and laborers. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS INFOKMATTON. 
 
 289 
 
 1875. 
 
 A. 11. JACKSON. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 10 
 
 a 
 
 17 
 
 Fel). 
 
 4 
 
 a 
 
 4 
 
 March 
 
 8 
 
 u 
 
 8 
 
 ii 
 
 13 
 
 u 
 
 27 
 
 April 
 
 9 
 
 " 
 
 9 
 
 May 
 
 6 
 
 (( 
 
 U 
 
 July 
 
 4 
 
 To 7 bushels AVheat at ^.25 
 
 By shoeing span of Horses 
 
 To 14 bushels Oats at $ .45 
 
 To 5 lbs. Butter at .25 
 
 By new Harrow 
 
 By sharpening 2 Plows. . 
 
 By new Double-Tree 
 
 To Cow and Calf 
 
 To half ton of Hay 
 
 By Cash 
 
 By repairing Corn-Planter 
 
 To one Sow with Pigs . .._ 
 
 By Cash, to balance account 
 
 18 
 
 75 
 
 $2 
 
 G 
 
 30 
 
 
 1 
 
 25 
 
 18 
 2 
 
 48 
 
 00 
 
 
 6 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 4 
 
 ■17 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 $88 
 
 05 
 
 888 
 
 50 
 
 00 
 40 
 25 
 
 00 
 75 
 
 15 
 
 05 
 
 137o, 
 
 CASS A MASON. 
 
 D: 
 
 Cr. 
 
 March 21 
 " 21 
 " 23 
 1 
 1 
 19 
 26 
 10 
 29 
 12 
 12 
 1 
 
 May 
 
 a 
 
 June 
 July 
 Aug. 
 
 u 
 
 Sept. 
 
 By 3 days' labor at $1.25 
 
 To 2 Shoats at 3.00 
 
 To 18 bushels Corn . at .45 
 
 By 1 month's Labor 
 
 To Cash 
 
 By 8 days' Mowing at $1.50 
 
 To 50 lbs. Flour 
 
 To 27 lbs. Meat at | .10 
 
 By 9 days' Harvesting ...at 2.00 
 
 By 6 days' Labor at 1.50 
 
 To Casii... 
 
 To Cash to balance account 
 
 
 
 $3 
 
 $0 
 
 00 
 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 75 
 
 
 2 
 
 70 
 
 18 
 9 
 
 20 
 
 00 
 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 
 $G7 
 
 75 
 
 $67 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 75 
 
 INTEREST TABLE. 
 
 A SiMPLH Rule poa accurately' Compiitino Interest at Any Givkx ri;:-. Cent. i-or. Axy 
 
 Length op Time. 
 Multiply the principal (amount of money at interest) by the time reduced to days; then divide this product 
 by the quotient oljtained by dividing 360 (the number of days in the Interest year) by the per cent, of interest, 
 andf/ie quotient thus obtained will be the required interest. 
 
 illustration. Solution. 
 
 Requiretheinterestof $462.50for one month and eighteen days at 6 per cent. An $462.50 
 
 interest month is 30 days; one montli and eighteen days equal 48 days. $462.50 multi- .48 
 
 piled by .48 gives S222.0000; 360 divided bv 6 (the per cent, of interest) gives 60, and • — ■ 
 
 $222.0000dividedhy eOwill give vou the exact interest, which is $3.70. If the rate of 370000 
 
 interest in the above example were 12 per cent., we would divide the $222.0000 by 30 6)360 \ 185000 
 
 (because 360 divided bv 12 gives 30); if 4 per cent., we would divide by 90; if 8 per 
 
 cent., by 45: and in like manner for any other per cent. 60/8222.0000(53.70 
 
 180 
 
 420 
 420 
 
 00 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS TABLE. 
 
 12 units, or things, 1 Dozen. 
 12 dozen, 1 Gross. 
 20 things, 1 Score. 
 
 196 pounds, 1 Barrel of Flour. 
 200 pounds, 1 Barrel of Pork. 
 56 pounds, 1 Firkin of Butter. 
 
 I 24 sheets of paper, 1 Quire. 
 20 quires pai)er 1 Ream. 
 I 4 ft. wide, 4 f . lilgh, and 8 ft. long, 1 Cord Wood. 
 
290 MISCELLANEOUS INFOR1VLA.TION. 
 
 NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR SIGNIFICATIONS. 
 
 Virginia. — The oldest of the States, was so called in honor of Queen 
 Elizabeth, the "Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made 
 his first attempt to colonize that region. 
 
 Florida. — Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter 
 Sunday, and called the country in commemoration of the day, which was 
 the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or " Feast of Flowers." 
 
 Louisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time 
 owned that section of the country. 
 
 Alabama was so named by the Indians, and signifies " Here we Rest." 
 
 Mississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning " Long River." 
 
 Arkansas., from Kansas, the Indian word for " smoky water." Its 
 prefix was really arc, the French word for " bow." 
 
 The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called "Carolana," 
 after Charles the Ninth of France. 
 
 G-eorgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first 
 established a colony there in 1732. 
 
 Tennessee is the Indian name for the " River of tlie Bend," i. e., the 
 Mississippi which forms its western boundary. 
 
 Kentucky is the Indian name for " at the head of the river." 
 
 Ohio means " beautiful ; " Iowa., " drowsy ones ; " Minnesota, " cloudy 
 water," and Wisconsin., "wild-rushing channel." 
 
 Illinois is derived from the Indian word illini, men, and the French 
 suffix ois, together signifying " tribe of men." 
 
 Michigari was called by the name given the lake, fish-tveir, which was 
 so styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap. 
 
 Missouri is from the Indian word " muddy," which more properly 
 applies to the river that flows through it. 
 
 Oregon owes its Indian name also to itS' principal river. 
 
 Cortes named California. 
 
 Massachusetts is the Indian for " The country around the great hills." 
 
 Connecticut, from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying " Long 
 River." 
 
 3Iaryland, after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of 
 England. 
 
 New York was named by the Duke of York. 
 
 Pennsylvania means " Penn's woods," and was so called after William 
 Penn, its orignal owner. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 
 
 291 
 
 Delaware after Lord De La Ware. 
 
 New Jersey^ so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was 
 Governor of the Island of Jersey, in the British Channel. 
 
 Maine was called after the province of Maine in France, in compli- 
 ment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province. 
 
 Vermont, from the French word Vert Mont, signifying Green 
 Mountain. 
 
 Neiv Hampshire, from Hampshire county in England. It was 
 formerly called Laconia. 
 
 The little State of Rhode Island owes its name to the Island of 
 Rhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly 
 resemble. 
 
 Texas is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that 
 section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States. 
 
 POPULATION OF THE 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 States and Territories. 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 California ... 
 Connecticut . 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Florida 
 
 Georgia 
 
 niinois 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Total 
 Population. 
 
 Iowa.. 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Iiouisiana 
 
 Maine 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 Nevada 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 New York 
 
 North Carolina . . 
 Ohlc 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Pennsylvania 3, 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Texas 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Virginia 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 Wisconsi n 
 
 Total States. 
 
 Arizona 
 
 ColoraUa 
 
 Dakota 
 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 Idaho 
 
 Montana 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 Utah 
 
 Washington 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 Total Territories,... 
 Total United States 
 
 996, 
 484, 
 560, 
 537, 
 125, 
 187, 
 184, 
 539, 
 680, 
 191, 
 364, 
 321, 
 726, 
 626, 
 780, 
 457, 
 184, 
 439. 
 827, 
 ,721, 
 122. 
 
 42. 
 318, 
 906, 
 ,382. 
 ,071, 
 ,665. 
 
 90, 
 ,521, 
 217, 
 705, 
 ,258, 
 818, 
 330, 
 ,225, 
 442, 
 ,054, 
 
 992 
 
 471 
 
 247 
 
 454 
 
 015 
 
 748 
 
 109 
 
 891 
 
 637 
 
 792 
 
 .399 
 
 Oil 
 
 915 
 
 915 
 
 894 
 
 351 
 
 059 
 
 706 
 
 922 
 
 295 
 
 993 
 
 491 
 
 300 
 
 096 
 
 759 
 
 361 
 
 260 
 
 923 
 
 791 I 
 
 353 I 
 
 606 
 
 520 
 
 579 
 
 551 
 
 163 
 
 014 
 
 670 
 
 38.113,253 
 
 9,658 
 39.864 
 14,181 
 131.700 
 14,999 
 20,595 
 91,874 
 86,786 
 23,955 
 
 9.118 
 
 442,730 
 
 38,555.983 
 
 POPULATION OF FIFTY 
 PRINCIPAL CITIES. 
 
 Cities. 
 
 New York. N. Y 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y 
 
 St. Louis, Mo 
 
 Chicago, 111 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio 
 
 New Orleans, La. .. 
 San Francisco, Cal.. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y 
 
 Washington, D. C... 
 
 Newark. N. J 
 
 Louisville, Ky 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa 
 
 Jersey City, N. J ... 
 
 Detroit, Mich 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis 
 
 Albany, N. Y 
 
 Providence, R. I 
 
 Rochester, N. Y 
 
 Allegheny, Pa 
 
 Richmond, Va 
 
 New Haven, Conn . 
 
 Charleston, S. C 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind... 
 
 Troy, N. Y 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y 
 
 Worcester, Mass 
 
 Lowell. Mass 
 
 Memphis, Tenn 
 
 Cambridge, Mass... 
 
 Hartford, Conn 
 
 Scranton, Pa 
 
 Reading, Pa 
 
 Paterson, N.J 
 
 Kansas City, Mo 
 
 Mobile, Ala 
 
 Toledo. Ohio 
 
 Portland, Me 
 
 Columbus, Ohio 
 
 Wilmington, Del... 
 
 Dayton, Ohio 
 
 Lawrence, Mass 
 
 Utica, N. Y 
 
 Charlestown, Mass 
 
 Savannah, Ga 
 
 Lynn. Mass 
 
 Fall River, Mass... 
 
 Aggregate 
 Population. 
 
 942, 
 
 674, 
 
 396, 
 
 310 
 
 298. 
 
 267 
 
 250, 
 
 216, 
 
 191, 
 
 149, 
 
 117. 
 
 109, 
 
 105. 
 
 100, 
 
 92, 
 
 86, 
 
 82, 
 
 79 
 
 71. 
 
 69, 
 
 68 
 
 62 
 
 53, 
 
 51. 
 
 50. 
 
 48, 
 
 48. 
 
 46, 
 
 43, 
 
 41, 
 
 40, 
 
 40, 
 
 39, 
 
 37, 
 
 35, 
 
 33 
 
 33 
 
 32 
 
 32, 
 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 28, 
 
 28, 
 
 28, 
 
 28, 
 
 28, 
 
 26, 
 
 29"' 
 022 
 099 
 864 
 977 
 354 
 526 
 239 
 418 
 473 
 714 
 199 
 059 
 53 
 829 
 076 
 546 
 577 
 440 
 422 
 904 
 386 
 180 
 038 
 840 
 956 
 244 
 465 
 051 
 105 
 928 
 226 
 634 
 180 
 092 
 930 
 579 
 260 
 034 
 ,584 
 ,413 
 274 
 841 
 473 
 .921 
 804 
 323 
 235 
 233 
 766 
 
292 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 
 
 POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Area in 
 States a>'d square 
 Tkrkitories. Miles. 
 
 States. 
 
 Alal)aina 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 California 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Florida . 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Maine 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Massachusetts.. . 
 
 Michigan* 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 Nevada 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 New York 
 
 North Carolina.. 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Oregon 
 
 188 
 
 4. 
 
 2, 
 
 59, 
 
 58, 
 
 55, 
 
 33. 
 
 55, 
 
 81. 
 
 37, 
 
 41, 
 
 31, 
 
 11, 
 
 7, 
 
 56. 
 
 83, 
 
 47, 
 
 6.% 
 
 75, 
 
 112, 
 
 9, 
 
 8. 
 
 47, 
 
 50, 
 
 39, 
 
 95, 
 
 ' Last Census of 
 
 Population 
 
 1870. 
 
 996, 
 484. 
 560 
 537 
 125, 
 187. 
 1,184, 
 2,539 
 1,680, 
 1.191 
 364 
 1,321 
 726 
 626 
 780, 
 1,457, 
 1,184. 
 439, 
 827, 
 1,721, 
 123, 
 42, 
 318. 
 906, 
 4.382, 
 1.071, 
 2,665, 
 90. 
 Michigan 
 
 Miles 
 R. R. 
 
 1875. 1872. 
 
 1,3.50,544 
 528.349 
 
 857,039 
 
 992 
 471 
 
 47 
 454 
 015 
 748 
 109 
 891 
 637 
 792 
 399 
 Oil 
 915 
 915 
 894 
 351 
 059 
 
 06 
 922 
 295 
 993 
 491 
 300 
 
 096 1,026.502 
 759:4,705,208 
 361 
 360 
 923 
 taken in 1874. 
 
 1,651,912 
 1,334.031 
 
 598,429 
 
 246,280 
 52,540 
 
 ,671 
 25 
 ,013 
 820 
 227 
 466 
 .108 
 ,904 
 ,529 
 .160 
 ,760 
 ,123 
 539 
 871 
 820 
 ,606 
 ,235 
 ,612 
 990 
 ,580 
 828 
 593 
 790 
 ,265 
 ,470 
 ,190 
 ,740 
 lo9 
 
 States aud 
 Territories. 
 
 States. 
 Pennsylvania... 
 Khoile Island... 
 South Carolina. 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Texas 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Virfiinia 
 
 West Virginia... 
 Wisconsin 
 
 Total States. 
 
 Territories. 
 
 Arizona 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Dakot.a 
 
 Dist. of Columbia. 
 
 Idaho 
 
 Montana 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 Utah 
 
 Washington 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 Total Territories. 
 
 Area in 
 square 
 Miles. 
 
 .46.000 
 
 1,306 
 
 29,385 
 
 45.600 
 
 237.504 
 10,212 
 40,904 
 23.000 
 53.924 
 
 Populatiox. 
 
 1870. 
 
 3,521 
 217 
 705. 
 
 1,258, 
 818, 
 330. 
 
 1,225 
 443, 
 
 1.054, 
 
 1,950,171 38,113,253 
 
 113.916 
 
 104.500 
 
 147,490 
 
 60 
 
 90,932 
 
 143.776 
 
 121,201 
 
 80,056 
 
 69,944 
 
 93.107 
 
 965.032 
 
 9,658 
 39.864 
 14.181 
 131.700 
 14,999 
 20,595 
 91,874 
 86,786 
 23,955 
 
 9,118 
 
 442.730 
 
 Miles 
 R. R. 
 1875. I 1872. 
 
 258,239 
 925.145 
 
 1.236, 72£ 
 
 5,113 
 136 
 
 1.201 
 
 1,520 
 865 
 675 
 
 1,490 
 485 
 
 1,725 
 
 59,587 
 
 375 
 ■498 
 
 1,265 
 
 Aggregate of U. S.. 2,915,203 38.555,983 1 60.852 
 
 * Included in the Railroad Mileage of Maryland. 
 
 PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD; 
 
 l^OPULATION AND ArEA. 
 
 Population. 
 
 China 
 
 liritish Empire 
 
 Russia 
 
 United States with Alaska. . . 
 
 France 
 
 Austria and Hungary 
 
 .Japan 
 
 Great Britain and Ireland. . . 
 
 German Empire 
 
 Italy 
 
 Spain 
 
 Brazil 
 
 Turkey 
 
 Me.xico 
 
 Sweden and Norway 
 
 Persia 
 
 lielgiuin 
 
 ISavaria 
 
 Portugal 
 
 Holland 
 
 T> ew Grenada 
 
 Chili 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 Peru 
 
 Bolivia 
 
 Argentine Republic 
 
 Wurtemburg 
 
 Denmark 
 
 Venezuela 
 
 Baden 
 
 Greece 
 
 Guatemala 
 
 Ecuador 
 
 Paraguay 
 
 Hesse 
 
 Liberia 
 
 San Salvador 
 
 Hayti 
 
 Nicaragua 
 
 Uruguay 
 
 Honduras 
 
 San Domingo 
 
 Costa.Rica 
 
 Hawaii 
 
 446, 
 226 
 81. 
 38, 
 36, 
 35, 
 34, 
 31, 
 29, 
 
 T('i! 
 
 10, 
 
 10, 
 9, 
 5, 
 5, 
 5, 
 4. 
 3, 
 3, 
 3, 
 2, 
 
 2! 
 2, 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 I 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 500,000 
 817,108 
 925,400 
 925.600 
 469.800 
 904,400 
 785, .300 
 817,100 
 906,092 
 439,921 
 ti42,(ii)0 
 ()()(). OtIO 
 163,000 
 173,000 
 921.500 
 000,000 
 021,300 
 861,400 
 99.5.200 
 688.300 
 000,000 
 000,000 
 669,100 
 500,000 
 000,000 
 812,000 
 ,818,500 
 784,700 
 500,000 
 461,400 
 457,900 
 180,000 
 ,300,000 
 ,000,000 
 823.138 
 718,000 
 600,000 
 572,000 
 350,000 
 300,000 
 350,000 
 136,000 
 165.000 
 H2 950 
 
 Date of 
 Census. 
 
 1871 
 1871 
 1871 
 1870 
 1866 
 1869 
 1871 
 1871 
 1871 
 1871 
 1867 
 
 1869 
 1870 
 1870 
 1869 
 1871 
 1868 
 1870 
 1870 
 1869 
 1870 
 1871 
 
 '1869 
 1871 
 1870 
 
 'isii 
 
 1870 
 1871 
 
 1871 
 
 'isYi 
 
 1871 
 
 'isii 
 
 1871 
 1871 
 
 'isVo 
 
 Area in Inhabitants 
 Square to Square 
 Miles. Mile. 
 
 3.741,846 
 
 4,677,432 
 
 8,003,778 
 
 :, 603, 884 
 
 204,091 
 
 240.348 
 
 149,399 
 
 121,315 
 
 160,207 
 
 118,847 
 
 19.5,775 
 
 .3.253.029 
 
 672,631 
 
 761,526 
 
 292,871 
 
 635,964 
 
 11,373 
 
 29,292 
 
 34,494 
 
 12,680 
 
 357,157 
 
 132.616 
 
 15,992 
 
 471.838 
 
 497,321 
 
 871.848 
 
 7,533 
 
 14.753 
 
 368.238 
 
 5.912 
 
 19.353 
 
 40,879 
 
 218,928 
 
 63,787 
 
 2,969 
 
 9,576 
 
 7,335 
 
 10,205 
 
 58,171 
 
 66,723 
 
 47.093 
 
 17.827 
 
 21.505 
 
 7.633 
 
 119.3 
 
 48.6 
 
 10.3 
 
 7.78 
 
 178.7 
 
 149.4 
 
 232.8 
 
 262.3 
 
 187. 
 
 230.9 
 
 85. 
 
 3.07 
 24.4 
 
 20. 
 7.8 
 441.5 
 165.9 
 115.8 
 290.9 
 8.4 
 15.1 
 166.9 
 5.3 
 4. 
 2.1 
 241.4 
 120.9 
 4.3 
 247. 
 75.3 
 28.9 
 5.9 
 15.6 
 277. 
 74.9 
 81.8 
 56. 
 6. 
 6.5 
 7.4 
 7.6 
 7.7 
 80. 
 
 Pekin 
 
 London 
 
 St. Petersburg. 
 
 Washington 
 
 Paris 
 
 Vienna 
 
 Yeddo 
 
 London 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Rome 
 
 Madrid 
 
 Rio Janeiro 
 
 Constantinople 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Stockholm 
 
 Teheran 
 
 Brussels 
 
 Munich 
 
 Lisbon 
 
 Hague 
 
 Bogota 
 
 Santiago 
 
 Berne 
 
 Lima 
 
 Chuquisaca 
 
 Buenos Ayres.. 
 
 Stuttgart 
 
 Copenhagen 
 
 Caraccas 
 
 Carlsruhe 
 
 Athens 
 
 Guatemala 
 
 Quito 
 
 .Asuncion 
 
 Darmstadt 
 
 Monrovia 
 
 Sal Salvador . . . 
 Port au Prince 
 
 Managua 
 
 Monte Video... 
 
 Comayagua 
 
 San Domingo... 
 
 San Jose 
 
 Honolulu 
 
 Population. 
 
 1.648,800 
 
 3,251,800 
 
 667,000 
 
 109.199 
 
 1.835.300 
 
 833,900 
 
 1.554,900 
 
 3.351.800 
 
 835.400 
 
 244,484 
 
 332,000 
 
 420,000 
 
 1,075,000 
 
 210,300 
 
 136.900 
 
 120.000 
 
 314,100 
 
 169,500 
 
 224,063 
 
 90.100 
 
 45.000 
 
 115,400 
 
 36,000 
 
 160,100 
 
 25.000 
 
 177.800 
 
 91.600 
 
 163.042 
 
 47.000 
 
 36,600 
 
 43,400 
 
 40,000 
 
 70.000 
 
 48.000 
 
 30.000 
 
 3.000 
 
 15,000 
 
 20,000 
 
 10,000 
 
 44,500 
 
 12,000 
 
 20,000 
 
 2,000 
 
 7,633 
 
ABSTRACT OF IO¥A STATE LAWS. 
 
 BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES. 
 
 Upon negotiable bills, and notes payable in this State, grace shall be allowed 
 according to the law merchant. All the above mentioned paper falling due on 
 Sunday, New Year's Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed 
 or recommended by the President of the United States or the Governor of the 
 State, as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day pre- 
 vious. No defense can be made against a negotiable instrument (assigned before 
 due) in the hands of the assignee without notice, except fraud was used in 
 obtaining the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence must be used by suit 
 against the maker or his representative. Notes payable to person named or to 
 order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payee. 
 Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and Avhen so payable, 
 every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment, unless otherwise 
 expressed. 
 
 In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month shall 
 be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a month, 
 a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes only bear interest 
 when so expressed; but after due, they draw the legal interest, even if not 
 stated. 
 
 INTEREST. 
 
 The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree, in writing, 
 on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater than ten 
 per cent, is contracted for, it works a forfeiture of ten per cent, to the school 
 fund, and only the principal sum can be recovered. 
 
 DESCENT. 
 
 The personal property of the deceased (except (1) that necessary for pay- 
 ment of debts and expenses of administration ; (2) property set apart to widow, 
 as exempt from execution ; (3) allowance by court, if necessary, of twelve 
 months' support to widow, and to children under fifteen years of age), including 
 life insurance, descends as does real estate. 
 
 One-third in value (absolutely) of all estates in real property, possessed by 
 husband at any time during marriage, which have not been sold on executioa 
 or other judicial sale, and to which the wife has made no relinquishment of her 
 right, shall be set apart as her property, in fee simple, if she survive him. 
 
 (293) 
 
294 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 The same share shall be set apart to the surviving husband of a deceased 
 wife. 
 
 The -widow's share cannot be affected by any will of her husband's, unless 
 she consents, in writing thereto, within six months after notice to her of pro- 
 visions of the will. 
 
 The provisions of the statutes of descent apply alike to surviving husband 
 or surviving wife. 
 
 Subject to the above, the remaining estate of which the decedent died 
 siezed, shall in absence of other arrangements by will, descend 
 
 First. To his or her children and their descendants in equal parts ; the 
 descendants of the deceased child or grandchild taking the share of their 
 deceased parents in equal shares among them. 
 
 Seeond. Where there is no child, nor descendant of such child, and no 
 widow or surviving husband, then to the parents of the deceased in equal parts ; 
 the surviving parent, if either be dead, taking the whole ; and if there is no 
 parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descend- 
 ants. 
 
 Third. ^Yhen there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or chil- 
 dren, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the estate shall descend to 
 such widow or surviving husband, absolutely ; and the other half of the estate 
 shall descend as in other cases where there is no widow or surviving husband, 
 or child or children, or descendants of the same. 
 
 Fourth. If there is no child, parent, brother or sister, or descendants of 
 either of them, then to wife of intestate, or to her heirs, if dead, according to 
 like rules. 
 
 Fifth. If any intestate leaves no child, parent, brother or sister, or de- 
 scendants of either of them, and no widow or surviving husband, and no child, 
 parent, brother or sister (or descendant of either of them) of such widow or 
 surviving husband, it shall escheat to the State. 
 
 WILLS AND ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS. 
 
 No exact form of words are necessary in order to make a will good at law. 
 Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female of the age 
 of eighteen years, of sound mind and memory, can make a valid will ; it must 
 be in writing, signed by the testator, or by some one in his or her presence, and 
 by iiis or her express direction, and attested by two or more competent wit- 
 nesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not interested in the will. 
 Inventory to be made by executor or administrator within fifteen days from 
 date of letters testamentary or of administration. Executors' and administra- 
 tors' compensation on amount of personal estate distributed, and for proceeds of 
 sale of real estate, five per cent, for first one thousand dollars, two and one-half 
 per cent, on overplus up to five thousand dollars, and one per cent, on overplus 
 above five thousand dollars, with such additional allowance as shall be reasona- 
 ble for extra services. 
 
 Within ten days after the receipt of letters of administration, the executor 
 or administrator shall give such notice of appointment as the court or clerk shall 
 direct. 
 
 Claims (other than preferred) must be filed within one year thereafter, are 
 forever barred, unless the claim is pending in the District or Supreme Court, or 
 unless peculiar circumstances entitle the claimant to ecjuitable relief. 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 295 
 
 Claims are classed and payable in the following order : 
 
 1. Expenses of administration. 
 
 2. Expenses of last sickness and funeral. 
 
 3. Allowance to widow and children, if made by the court. 
 
 4. Debts preferred under laws of the United States. 
 
 5. Public rates and taxes. 
 
 6. Claims filed within six months after the first publication of the notice 
 given by the executors of their appointment. 
 
 7. All other debts. 
 
 8. Legacies. 
 
 The award, or property which must be set apart to the widow, in her own 
 right, by the executor, includes all personal property which, in the hands of th^ 
 deceased, as head of a family, would have been exempt from execution. 
 
 TAXES. 
 
 The owners of personal property, on the first day of January of each year, 
 and the owners of real property on the first day of November of each year, are 
 liable for the taxes thereon. 
 
 The following property is exempt from taxation, viz. : 
 
 1. The property of the United States and of this State, including univer- 
 sity, agricultural, college and school lands and all property leased to the State ; 
 property of a county, township, city, incorporated town or school district when 
 devoted entirely to the public use and not held for pecuniary profit ; public 
 grounds, including all places for the burial of the dead; fire engines and all 
 implements for extinguishing fires, with the grounds used exclusively for their 
 buildings and for the meetings of the fire companies ; all public libraries, 
 grounds and buildings of literary, scientific, benevolent, agricultural and reli- 
 gious institutions, and societies devoted solely to the appropriate objects of these 
 institutions, not exceeding 640 acres in extent, and not leased or otherwise used 
 with a view of pecuniary profit; and all property leased to agricultural, charit- 
 able institutions and benevolent societies, and so devoted during the term of such 
 lease ; 'provided, that all deeds, by which such property is held, shall be duly 
 filed for record before the property therein described shall be omitted from the 
 assessment. 
 
 2. The books, papers and apparatus belonging to the above institutions; 
 used solely for the purposes above contemplated, and the like property of stu- 
 dents in any such institution, used for their education. 
 
 3. Money and credits belonging exclusively to such institutions and devoted 
 solely to sustaining them, but not exceeding in amount or income the sum pre- 
 scribed by their charter. 
 
 4. Animals not hereafter specified, the wool shorn from sheep, belonging to 
 the person giving the list, his farm produce harvested within one year previous 
 to the listing; private libraries not exceeding three hundred dollars in value; 
 family pictures, kitchen furniture, beds and bedding requisite for each family, 
 all wearing apparel in actual use, and all food provided for the family ; but no 
 person Trom whom a compensation for board or lodging is received or expected, 
 is to be cor.s'dered a member of the family within the intent of this clause. 
 
 5. The polls or estates or both of persons who, by reason of age or infirm- 
 ity, may, in the opinion of the Assessor, be unable to contribute to the public 
 
296 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 revenue ; such opinion and the fact upon which it is based being in all cases 
 reported to the Board of Equalization by the Assessor or any other person, and 
 subject to reversal by them. 
 
 6. The farming utensils of any person who makes his livelihood by farming, 
 and the tools of any mechanic, not in either case to exceed three hundred dollars 
 in value. 
 
 7. Government lands entered or located or lands purchased from this State, 
 should not be taxed for the year in which the entry, location or purchase is 
 made. 
 
 There is also a suitable exemption, in amount, for planting fruit trees or 
 forest trees or hedges. 
 
 Where buildings are destroyed by fire, tornado or other unavoidable casu- 
 alty, after being assessed for the year, the Board of Supervisors may rebate 
 taxes for that year on the property destroyed, if same has not been sold for 
 taxes, and if said taxes have not been delinquent for thirty days at the time of 
 destruction of the property, and the rebate shall be allowed for such loss only 
 as is not covered by insurance. 
 
 All other property is subject to taxation. Every inhabitant of full age and 
 sound mind shall assist the Assessor in listing all taxable property of which 
 he is the owner, or which he controls or manages, either as agent, guardian, 
 father, husband, trustee, executor, accounting officer, partner, mortgagor or 
 lessor, mortgagee or lessee. 
 
 Road beds of railway corporations shall not be assessed to owners of adja- 
 cent property, but shall be considered the property of the companies for pur- 
 poses of taxation ; nor shall real estate used as a public highway be assessed 
 and taxed as part of adjacent lands whence the same was taken for such public 
 purpose. 
 
 The property of railway, telegraph and express companies shall be listed 
 and assessed for taxation as the property of an individual would bo listed and 
 assessed for taxation. Collection of taxes made as in the case of an individual. 
 
 The Township Board of Equalization shall meet first Monday in April of 
 each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. 
 
 The County Board of Eqalization (the Board of Supervisors) meet at their 
 reo^ular session in June of each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. 
 
 Taxes become delinquent February 1st of each year, payable, without 
 interest or penalty, at any time before March 1st of each year. 
 
 Tax sale is held on first Monday in October of each year. 
 
 Redemption may be made at any time within three years after date of sale, 
 by paying to the County Auditor the amount of sale, and twenty fer centum of 
 such amount immediately added as i^enalty, toith ten per cent, interest per 
 annum on the whole amount thus made from the day of sale, and also all sub- 
 sequent taxes, interest and costs paid by purchaser after March 1st of each 
 year, and a similar jjenalty of twenty per centum added as before, with ten per 
 cent, interest as before. 
 
 If notice has been given, by purchaser, of the date at which the redemption 
 is limited, the cost of same is added to the redemption money. Ninety days' 
 notice is required, by the statute, to be published by the purchaser or holder of 
 certificate, to terminate the right of redemption. 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS 297 
 
 JURISDICTION OF COURTS 
 
 DISTRICT COURTS 
 
 have jurisdiction, general and original, both civil and criminal, except in such 
 cases where Circuit Courts have exclusive jurisdiction. District Courts have 
 exclusive supervision over courts of Justices of the Peace and Magistrates, in 
 criminal matters, on appeal and writs of error. 
 
 CIRCUIT COURTS 
 
 have jurisdiction, general and original, with the District Courts, in all civil 
 actions and special proceedings, and exclusive jurisdiction in all appeals and 
 writs of error from inferior courts, in civil matters. And exclusive jurisdiction 
 in matters of estates and general probate business. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE 
 
 have jurisdiction in civil matters where $100 or less is involved. Bj consent 
 of parties, the jurisdiction may be extended to an amount not exceeding $300. 
 They have jurisdiction to try and determine all public offense less than felony, 
 committed within their respective counties, in Avhich the Jitie, by law, does not 
 exceed ^100 or the imprisonment thirty days. 
 
 LIMITATION OF ACTIONS. 
 
 Action for injuries to the person or reputation; for a stutute penalty; and 
 to enforce a mechanics' lien, must be brought in two (2) years. 
 
 Those against a public officer within three (3) years. 
 
 Those founded on unwritten contracts; for injuries to property; for relief 
 on the ground of fraud ; and all other actions not otherwise provided for, within 
 five (5) years. 
 
 Those founded on written contracts; on judgments of any court (except 
 those provided for in next section), and for the recovery of real property, within 
 ten (10) years. 
 
 Those founded on judgment of any court of record in the United States, 
 within twenty (20) years. 
 
 All above limits, except those for penalties and forfeitures, are extended in 
 favor of minors and insane persons, until one year after the disability is removed 
 — time during which defendant is a non-resident of the State shall not be 
 included in computing any of the above periods. 
 
 Actions for the recovery of real property, sold for non-payment of taxes, 
 must be brought within five years after the Treasurer's Deed is executed 
 and recorded, except where a minor or convict or insane person is the owner, 
 and they shall be allowed five years after disability is removed, in which to 
 bring action. 
 
 JURORS. 
 
 All qualified electors of the State, of good moral character, sound judgment, 
 and in full possession of the senses of hearing and seeing, are competent jurors 
 in their respective counties. 
 
 United States officers, practicing attorneys, physicians and clergymen, 
 acting professors or teachers in institutions of learning, and persons disabled by 
 
298 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 bodily infirmity or over sixty-five years of age, are exempt from liability to act 
 as jurors. 
 
 Any person may be excused from serving on a jury -when liis own interests 
 or the public's will be materially injured by his attendance, or when the state of 
 his health or the death, or sickness of his family requires his absence. 
 
 CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 
 
 was restored by the Seventeenth General Assembly, making it optional with 
 the jury to inflict it or not. 
 
 A MARRIED WOMAN 
 
 may convey or incumber real estate, or interest therein, belonging to her ; may 
 control the same or contract with reference thereto, as other persons may con- 
 vey, encumber, control or contract. 
 
 She may own, acquire, hold, convey and devise property, as her husband 
 may. 
 
 Her husband is not liable for civil injuries committed by her. 
 
 She may convey property to her husband, and he may convey to her. 
 
 She may constitute her husband her attorney in fact. 
 
 EXEMPTIONS FROM EXECUTION. 
 
 A resident of the State and head of a family may hold the following prop- 
 erty exempt from execution : All wearing apparel of himself and family kept for 
 actual use and suitable to the condition, and the trunks or other receptacles nec- 
 essary to contain the same ; one musket or rifle and shot-gun ; all private 
 libraries, family Bibles, portraits, pictures, musical instruments, and paintings 
 not kept for the purpose of sale; a seat or pew occupied by the debtor or his 
 family in any house of public worship ; an interest in a public or private burying 
 ground not exceeding one acre ; two cows and a calf; one horse, unless a horse 
 is exempt as hereinafter provided ; fifty sheep and the wool therefrom, and the 
 materials manufactured from said wool ; six stands of bees ; five hogs and all 
 pigs under six months ; the necessary food for exempted animals for six months ; 
 all flax raised from one acre of ground, and manufactures therefrom ; one bed- 
 stead and necessary bedding for every two in the family ; all cloth manufactured 
 by the defendant not exceeding one hundred yards ; household and kitchen fur- 
 niture not exceeding two hundred dollars in value ; all spinning wheels and 
 looms ; one sewing machine and other instruments of domestic laber kept for 
 actual use ; the necessary provisions and fuel for the use of the family for six 
 months ; the proper tools, instruments, or books of the debtor, if a farmer, 
 mechanic, surveyor, clergyman, lawyer, physician, teacher or professor; the 
 horse or the team, consisting of not more than two horses or mules, or two yokes 
 of cattle, and the wagon or other vehicle, with the proper harness or tackle, by 
 the use of which the debtor, if a physician, public officer, farmer, teams! er or 
 other laborer, habitually earns his living ; and to the debtor, if a printer, there 
 shall also be exempt a printing press and the types, furniture and material nec- 
 essary for the use of such printing press, and a newspaper office to the value of 
 twelve hundred dollars ; the earnings of such debtor, or those of his family, at 
 any time within ninety days next preceding the levy. 
 
 Persons unmarried and not the head of a family, and non-residents, have 
 exempt their own ordinary wearing apparel and trunks to contain the same. 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 299 
 
 There is also exempt, to a head of a family, a homestead, not exceeding forty 
 acres; or, if inside city limits, one-half acre with improvements, value not 
 limited. The homestead is liable for all debts contracted prior to its acquisition as 
 such, and is subject to mechanics' liens for work or material furnished for the same. 
 
 An article, otherwise exempt, is liable, on execution, for the purchase 
 money thereof. 
 
 Where a debtor, if a head of a family, has started to leave the State, he shall 
 have exempt only the ordinary wearing apparel of himself and family, and 
 other property in addition, as he may select, in all not exceeding seventy-five 
 dollars in value. 
 
 A policy of life insurance shall inure to the separate use of the husband or 
 wife and children, entirely independent of his or her creditors. 
 
 ESTRAYS. 
 
 An unbroken animal shall not be taken up as an estray between May 1st 
 and November 1st, of each year, unless the same be found within the lawful 
 enclosure of a householder, who alone can take up such animal, unless some 
 other person gives him notice of the fact of such animal coming on his place ; 
 and if he fails, within five days thereafter, to take up such estray, any other 
 householder of the township may take up such estray and proceed with it as if 
 taken on his own premises, provided he shall prove to the Justice of the Peace 
 such notice, and shall make afiidavit where such estray was taken up. 
 
 Any swine, sheep, goat, horse, neat cattle or other animal distrained (for 
 damage done to one's enclosure), when the owner is not known, shall be treated 
 as an estray. 
 
 Within five days after taking up an estray, notice, containing a full descrip- 
 tion thereof, shall be posted up in three of the most public places in the town- 
 ship ; and in ten days, the person taking up such estray shall go before a Justice 
 of the Peace in the township and make oath as to where such estray was taken 
 up, and that the marks or brands have not been altered, to his knowledge. The 
 estray shall then be appraised, by order of the Justice, and the appraisement, 
 description of the size, age, color, sex, marks and brands of the estray shall be 
 entered by the Justice in a book kept for that purpose, and he shall, Avithin ten 
 days thereafter, send a certified copy thereof to the County Auditor. 
 
 When the appraised value of an estray does not exceed five dollars, the 
 Justice need not proceed further than to enter the description of the estray on 
 his book, and if no owner appears within six months, the property shall vest in 
 the finder, if he has complied with the law and paid all costs. 
 
 Where appraised value of estray exceeds five and is less than ten dollars, if 
 no owner appears in nine months, the finder has the property, if he has com- 
 plied with the law and paid costs. 
 
 An estray, legally taken up, may be used or worked with care and 
 moderation. 
 
 If any person unlawfully take up an estray, or take up an estray and fail to 
 comply with the law regarding estrays, or use or work it contrary to above, or 
 work it before having it appraised, or keep such estray out of the county more 
 than five days at one time, before acquiring ownership, such offender shall foifeit 
 to the county twenty dollars, and the owner may recover double damages with 
 costs. 
 
 If the owner of any estray fail to claim and prove his title for one year after 
 the taking up, and the finder shall have complied with the law, a comolete title 
 Tests in the finder. 
 
300 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 But if the owner appear within eighteen months from the taking up, prove 
 his oAvnership and pay all costs and expenses, the finder shall pay him the 
 appraised value of such estray, or may, at his option, deliver up the estray. 
 
 WOLF SCALPS. 
 A bounty of one dollar is paid for wolf scalps. 
 
 MARKS AND BRANDS. 
 
 Any person may adopt his own mark or brand for his domestic animals, and 
 have a description thereof recorded by the Township Clerk. 
 
 No person shall adopt the recorded mark or brand of any other person 
 residing in his township. 
 
 DAMAGES FROM TRESPASS. 
 
 When any person's lands are enclosed by a lawful fence, the owner of any 
 domestic animal injuring said lands is liable for the damages, and the damages 
 may be recovered by suit against the owner, or may be made by distraining the 
 animals doing the damage ; and if the party injured elects to recover by action 
 against the owner, no appraisement need be made by the Trustees, as in case of 
 distraint. 
 
 When trespassing animals are distrained within twenty-four hours, Sunday 
 not included, the party injured shall notify the owner of said animals, if known ; 
 and if the owner fails to satisfy the party within twenty-four hours thereafter, 
 the party shall have the township Trustees assess the damage, and notice shall 
 be posted up in three conspicuous places in the township, that the stock, or part 
 thereof, shall, on the tenth day after posting the notice, between the hours of 1 
 and 3 P. M., be sold to the highest bidder, to satisfy said damages, with costs. 
 
 Appeal lies, within twenty days, from the action of the Trustees to the Cir- 
 cuit Court. 
 
 Where stock is restrained, by police regulation or by law, from running at 
 large, any person injured in his improved or cultivated lands by any domestic 
 animal, may, by action against the owner of such animal, or by distraining such 
 animal, recover his damages, whether the lands whereon the injury was done 
 were inclosed by a lawful fence or not. 
 
 FENCES. 
 
 A lawful fence is fifty-four inches high, made of rails, wire or boards, with 
 posts not more than ten feet apart where rails are used, and eight feet where 
 boards are used, substantially built and kept in good repair ; or any other fence 
 which, in the opinion of the Fence Viewers, shall be declared a lawful fence — 
 provided the lower rail, wire or board be not more that twenty nor less than six- 
 teen inches from the ground. 
 
 The respective owners of lands enclosed Avith fences shall maintain partition 
 fences between their own and next adjoining enclosure so long as they improve 
 them in equal shares, unless otherwise agreed between them. 
 
 If any party neglect to maintain such partition fence as he should maintain, 
 the Fence Viewers (the township Trustees), upon complaint of aggrieved party, 
 may, upon due notice to both parties, examine the fence, and, if found insuf- 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 301 
 
 ficient, notify the delinquent party, in ivriting, to repair or re-build the same 
 within such time as they judge reasonable. 
 
 If the fence be not repaired or rebuilt accordingly, the complainant may do 
 so, and the same being adjudged sufficient by the Fence Viewers, and the 
 value thereof, with their fees, being ascertained and certified ifnder their hands, 
 the complainant may demand of the delinquent the sum so ascertained, and if 
 the same be not paid in one month after demand, may recover it with one per 
 cent a month interest, by action. 
 
 In case of disputes, the Fence Viewers may decide as to who shall erect or 
 maintain partition fences, and in what time the same shall be done ; and in case 
 any party neglect to maintain or erect such part as may be assigned to him, 
 the aggrieved party may erect and maintain the same, and recover double 
 damages. 
 
 No person, not wishing his land inclosed, and not using it otherwise than in 
 common, shall be compelled to maintain any partition fence ; but when he uses 
 or incloses his land otherwise than in common, he shall contribute to the parti- 
 tion fences. 
 
 Where parties have had their lands inclosed in common, and one of the 
 owners desires to occupy his separate and apart from the other, and the other 
 refuses to divide the line or build a sufficient fence on the line when divided, 
 the Fence Viewers may divide and assign, and upon neglect of the other to 
 build as ordered by the Viewers, the one may build the other's part and 
 recover as above. 
 
 And when one incloses land which has lain uninclosed, he must pay for 
 one-half of each partition fence between himself and his neighbors. 
 
 Where one desires to lay not less than twenty feet of his lands, adjoining 
 his neighbor, out to the public to be used in common, he must give his neighbor 
 six months' notice thereof. 
 
 Where a fence has been built on the land of another through mistake, the 
 owner may enter upon such premises and remove his fence and material withn 
 six months after the division line has been ascertained. Where the material to 
 build such a fence has been taken from the land on which it was built, then, 
 before it can be removed, the person claiming must first pay for such material 
 to the owner of the land from which it was taken, nor shall such a fence be 
 removed at a time when the removal will throw open or expose the crops of the 
 other party; a reasonable time must be given beyond the six months to remove 
 crops. 
 
 MECHANICS' LIENS. 
 
 Every mechanic, or other person who shall do any labor upon, or furnish 
 any materials, machinery or fixtures for any building, erection or other improve- 
 ment upon land, including those engaged in the construction or repair of any 
 work of internal improvement, by virtue of any contract with the owner, his 
 agent, trustee, contractor, or sub-contractor, shall have a lien, on complying 
 with the forms of law, upon the building or other improvement for his labor 
 done or materials furnished. 
 
 It would take too large a space to detail the manner in which a sub- 
 contractor secures his lien. He should file, Avithin thirty days after the last of 
 the labor was performed, or the last of the material shall have been furnished, 
 \vith the Clerk of the District Court a true account of the amount due him, after 
 allowing all credits, setting forth the time when such material was furnished or 
 labor performed, and when completed, and containing a correct description of 
 
302 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 the property sought to be charged with the lien, and the ^\hole verified by 
 aifidavit. 
 
 A principal contractor must file such an affidavit within ninety days, as 
 above. 
 
 Ordinarily, there are so many points to be examined in order to secure a 
 mechanics' lien, that it is much better, unless one is accustomed to managing 
 such liens, to consult at once with an attorney. 
 
 Remember that the proper time to file the claim is ninety days for a princi- 
 pal contractor, thirty days for a sub-contractor, as above ; and that actions to 
 enforce these liens must be commenced within two years, and the rest can much 
 better be done with an attorney. 
 
 ROADS AND BRIDGES. 
 
 Persons meeting each other on the public highways, shall give one half of 
 the same by turning to the right. All persons failing to observe this rule shall 
 be liable to pay all damages resulting therefrom, together with a fine, not exceed- 
 ing five dollars. 
 
 The prosecution must be instituted on the complaint of the person wronged. 
 
 Any person guilty of racing horses, or driving upon the public highway, in 
 a manner likely to endanger the persons or the lives of others, shall, on convic- 
 tion, be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars or imprisoned not exceeding 
 thirty days. 
 
 It is a misdemeanor, without authority from the proper Road Supervisor, to 
 break upon, plow or dig within the boundary lines of any public highway. 
 
 The money tax levied upon the property in each road district in each town- 
 ship (except the general Township Fund, set apart for purchasing tools, machin- 
 ery and guide boards), whether collected by the Road Supervisor or County 
 Treasurer, shall be expended for highway purposes in that district, and no part 
 thereof shall be paid out or expended for the benefit of another district. 
 
 The Road Supervisor of each district, is bound to keep the roads and bridges 
 therein, in as good condition as the funds at his disposal will permit ; to put 
 guide boards at cross roads and forks of highways in his district; and when noti- 
 fied in writing that any portion of the public highway, or any bridge is unsafe, 
 must in a reasonable time repair the same, and for this purpose may call out 
 any or all the able bodied men in the district, but not more than two days at 
 one time, without their consent. 
 
 Also, when notified in writing, of the growth of any Canada thistles upon 
 vacant or non-resident lands or lots, within his district, the owner, lessee or 
 agent thereof being unknown, shall cause the same to be destroyed. 
 
 Bridges when erected or maintained by the public, are parts of the highway, 
 and must not be less than sixteen feet wide. 
 
 A penalty is imposed upon any one who rides or drives faster than a walk 
 across any such bridge. 
 
 The manner of establishing, vacating or altering roads, etc., is so well known 
 to all township officers, that it is sufficient here to say that the first step is by 
 petition, filed in the Auditor's office, addressed in substance as follows : 
 
 The Board of Supervisors of County : The undersigned asks that 
 
 a highway, commencing at and running thence and terminating 
 
 at , be established, vacated or altered (as the case may be.) 
 
 When the petition is filed, all necessary and succeeding steps will be shown 
 and explained to the petitioners by the Auditor. 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 303 
 
 ADOPTION OF CHILDREN. 
 
 Any person competent to make a will can adopt as his own the minor child 
 of another. The consent of both parents, if living and not divorced or separ- 
 ated, and if divorced or separated, or if unmarried, the consent of the parent 
 lawfully having the custody of the child ; or if either parent is dead, then the 
 consent of the survivor, or if both parents be dead, or the child have been and 
 remain abandoned by them, then the consent of the Mayor of the city where 
 the child is living, or if not in the city, then of the Clerk of the Circuit Court 
 of the county shall be given to such adoption by an instrument in writing, 
 signed by party or parties consenting, and stating the names of the parties, if 
 known, the name of the child, if known, the name of the person adopting such 
 child, and the residence of all, if known, and declaring the name by which the 
 child is thereafter to be called and known, and stating, also, that such child is 
 given to the person adopting, for the purpose of adoption as his own child. 
 
 The person adopting shall also sign said instrument, and all the parties shall 
 acknowledge the same in the manner that deeds conveying lands shall be 
 acknowledged. 
 
 The instrument shall be recorded in the office of the County Recorder. 
 
 SURVEYORS AND SURVEYS. 
 
 There is in every county elected a Surveyor known as County Surveyor, 
 who has power to appoint deputies, for whose official acts he is responsible. It 
 is the duty of the County Surveyor, either by himself or his Duputy, to make 
 all surveys that he may be called upon to make within his county as soon as 
 may be after application is made. The necessary chainmen and other assist- 
 ance must be employed by the person requiring the same to be done, and to be 
 by him paid, unless otherwise agreed ; but the chainmen must be disinterested 
 persons and approved by the Surveyor and sworn by him to measure justly and 
 impartially. Previous to any survey, he shall furnish himself with a copy of 
 the field notes of the original survey of the same land, if there be any in the 
 office of the County Auditor, and his survey shall be made in accordance there- 
 with. 
 
 Their fees are three dollars per day. For certified copies of field notes, 
 twenty-five cents. 
 
 SUPPORT OF POOR. 
 
 The father, mother and children of any poor person who has applied for aid, 
 and who is unable to maintain himself by work, shall, jointly or severally, 
 maintain such poor person in such manner as may be approved by the Town- 
 ship Trustees. 
 
 In the absence or inability of nearer relatives, the same liability shall extend 
 to the grandparents, if of ability without personal labor, and to the male grand- 
 children who are of ability, by personal labor or otherwise. 
 
 The Township Trustees may, upon the failure of such relatives to maintain 
 a poor person, who has made application for relief, apply to the Circuit Court 
 for an order to compel the same. 
 
 Upon ten days' notice, in writing, to the parties sought to be charged, a 
 hearing may be had, and an order made for entire or partial support of the poor 
 person. 
 
304 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 Appeal may be taken from such judgment as from other judgments of the 
 Circuit Court. 
 
 When any person, having any estate, abandons either children, wife or hus- 
 band, leaving them chargeable, or likely to become chargeable, upon the public for 
 support, upon proof of above fact, an order may be had from the Clerk of the 
 Circuit Court, or Judge, authorizing the Trustees or the Sheriff to take into 
 possession such estate. 
 
 The Court may direct such personal estate to be sold, to be applied, as well 
 as the rents and profits of the real estate, if any, to the support of children, 
 wife or husband. 
 
 If the party against whom the order is issued return and support the per- 
 son abandoned, or give security for the same, the order shall be discharged, and 
 the property taken returned. 
 
 The mode of relief for the poor, through the action of the Township 
 Trustees, or the action of the Board of Supervisors, is so well known to every 
 township officer, and the circumstances attending applications for relief are so 
 varied, that it need now only be said that it is the duty of each county to pro- 
 vide for its poor, no matter at what place they may be. 
 
 LANDLORD AND TENANT. 
 
 A tenant giving notice to quit demised premises at a time named, and after- 
 ward holding over, and a tenant or his assignee willfully holding over the prem- 
 ises after the term, and after notice to quit, shall pay double rent. 
 
 Any person in possession of real property, Avith the assent of the owner, is 
 presumed to be a tenant at will until the contrary is shown. 
 
 Thirty days' notice, in writing, is necessary to be given by either party 
 before he can terminate a tenancy at will ; but when, in any case, a rent is 
 reserved payable at intervals of less than thirty days, the length of notice need 
 not be greater than such interval between the days of payment. In case of 
 tenants occupying and cultivating farms, the notice must fix the termination of 
 the tenancy to take place on the 1st day of March, except in cases of field 
 tenants or croppers, whose leases shall be held to expire when the crop is har- 
 vested ; provided, that in case of a crop of corn, it shall not be later than the 
 1st day of December, unless otherwise agreed upon. But Avhen an express 
 agreement is made, whether the same has been reduced to writing or not, 
 the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, Avithout notice. 
 
 But Avhcrc an express agreement is made, whether reduced to writing or 
 not, the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice. 
 
 If such tenant cannot be found in the county, the notices above required 
 may be given to any sub-tenant or other person in possession of the premises ; 
 or, if the premises be vacant, by affixing tlie notice to the principal door of the 
 building or in some conspicuous position on the land, if there be no buikling. 
 
 The landlord shall have a lien for his rent upon all the crops grown on the 
 premises, and upon any other personal property of the tenant used on the 
 premises during the term, and not exempt from execution, for the period of one 
 year after a j^ear's rent or the rent of a shorter period claimed fixlls due ; but 
 such lien shall not continue more than six months after the expiration of the 
 term. 
 
 The lien may be effected by the commencement of an action, within the 
 period above prescribed, for the rent alone ; and the landlord is entitled to a writ 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 305 
 
 of attachment, upon filing an affidavit that the action is commenced to rcover 
 rent accrued within one year previous thereto upon the premises described in the 
 affidavit. 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
 
 Whenever any of the following articles shall be contracted for, or sold or 
 delivered, and no special contract or agreement shall be made to the contrary, 
 the weight per bushel shall be as follows, to-wit: 
 
 Apples, Peaches or Quinces, 48 
 
 Cherries, Grapes, Currants or Gooseberries, 40 
 
 Strawberries, Raspberries or Blackberries, 32 
 
 Osage Orange Seed 32 
 
 Millet Seed 45 
 
 Stone Coal 80 
 
 Lime 80 
 
 Corn in the ear 70 
 
 Wheat 60 
 
 Potatoes 60 
 
 Beans 60 
 
 Clover Seed 60 
 
 Onions 57 
 
 Shelled Corn 56 
 
 Rye. 
 
 56 
 
 Flax Seed 56 
 
 Sweet Potatoes 46 
 
 Sand 130 
 
 Sorghum Seed 30 
 
 Broom Corn Seed go 
 
 Buckwheat 52 
 
 Salt 50 
 
 Barley 48 
 
 Corn Meal 48 
 
 Castor Beans 46 
 
 Timothy Seed 45 
 
 Hemp Seed 44 
 
 Dried Peaches 33 
 
 Oats 33 
 
 Dried Apples 24 
 
 Bran 20 
 
 Blue Grass Seed 14 
 
 Hungarian Grass Seed 45 
 
 Penalty for giving less than the above standard is treble damages and costs 
 and five dollars addition thereto as a fine. 
 
 DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL TERMS. 
 
 $ means dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was formerly placed 
 
 before any denomination of money, and meant, as it means now, United States 
 Currency. 
 
 <£ means 2^ounds, English money. 
 
 @ stands for at or to; ft) for pounds, and bbl. for barrels ; '^ for per or bt/ 
 the. Thus, Butter sells at 20@30c f ft), and Flour at $8(a!$12 f bbl. 
 
 % for per cent, and J for number. 
 
 May 1. Wheat sells at $1.20@$1. 25, " seller June." Seller June means 
 that the person Avho sells the wheat has the privilege of delivering it at any 
 time during the month of June. 
 
 Selling sJiort, is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or stock, 
 at a fixed price, within a certain length of time, when the seller has not the 
 stock on hand. It is for the interest of the person selling "short" to depress 
 the market as much as possible, in order that he may buy and fill his contract 
 at a profit. Hence the "shorts" are termed "bears." 
 
 Buying long, is to contract to purchase a certain amount of grain or shares 
 of stock at a fixed price, deliverable within a stipulated time, expecting to make 
 a profit by the rise in prices. The " longs " are termed " bulls," as it is for 
 their interest to "operate" so as to "toss" the prices upward as much as 
 possible. 
 
306 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Form of note is legal, worded in the simplest way, so that the amount and 
 Xjine of payment are mentioned : 
 
 $100. Chicago, 111., Sept. 15, 1876. 
 
 Sixty days from date I promise to pay to E. F. Brown or order, one hun- 
 dred dollars, for value received. L. D. Lowry. 
 
 A note to be payable in anything else than money needs only the facts sub- 
 stituted for money in the above form. 
 
 ORDERS. 
 
 Orders should be worded simply, thus : 
 Mr. F. H. Coats : Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. 
 
 Please pay to H. Birdsall twenty-five dollars, and charge to 
 
 F. D. SiLVA. 
 
 RECEIPTS. 
 
 Receipts should always state when received and what for, thus : 
 
 $100. Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. 
 
 Received of J. W. Davis, one hundred dollars, for services 
 rendered in grading his lot in Fort Madison, on account. 
 
 Thomas Brady. 
 If receipt is in full, it should be so stated. 
 
 BILLS OF PURCHASE. 
 
 W. N. Mason, Salem, Illinois, Sept. 18, 1876. 
 
 Bought of A. A. Graham. 
 
 4 Bushels of Seed Wheat, at $1.50 $6 GO 
 
 2 Seamless Sacks " 30 60 
 
 Received payment, $6 60 
 
 ' A. A. Graham. 
 
 CONFESSION OF JUDGMENT. 
 
 -, Iowa, , 18 — . 
 
 after date — promises to pay to the order of , dollars, 
 
 at , for value received, with interest at ten per cent, per annum after 
 
 until paid. Interest payable , and on interest not paid when due, 
 
 interest at same rate and conditions. 
 
 A failure to pay said interest, or any part thereof, within 20 days after due, shall cause the 
 whole note to become due and collectable at once. 
 
 If this note is sued, or judgment is confessed hereon, ? shall be allowed as attorney fees. 
 
 No. — . P. 0. , . 
 
 confession of judgment. 
 
 — vs. — . In Court of Countv, Iowa, , of 
 
 County, Iowa, do hereby confess that justly indebted to , in the 
 
I 
 
 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 307 
 
 sum of dollars, and the further sum of $ as attorney fees, with 
 
 interest thereon at ten per cent, from , and — hereby confess judgment 
 
 against as defendant in favor of said , for said sum of $ , 
 
 and $ as attorney fees, hereby authorizing the Clerk of the Court of 
 
 said county to enter up judgment for said sum against with costs, and 
 
 interest at 10 per cent, from , the interest to be paid . 
 
 Said debt and judgment being for . 
 
 It is especially agreed, however, That if this judgment is paid within twenty 
 
 days after due, no attorney fees need be paid. And hereby sell, convey 
 
 and release all right of homestead we now occupy in favor of said so 
 
 far as this judgment is concerned, and agree that it shall be liable on execution 
 for this judgment. 
 
 Dated , 18—. . 
 
 The State of Iowa, "I 
 
 County. j 
 
 being duly sworn according to law, depose and say that the forego- 
 ing statement and Confession of Judgment was read over to , and that — 
 
 understood the contents thereof, and that the statements contained therein arQ 
 
 true, and that the sums therein mentioned are justly to become due said ^' 
 
 as aforesaid. 
 
 Sworn to and subscribed before me and in my presence by the said 
 
 this day of , 18 — . , Notary Public. 
 
 ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT. 
 
 An agreement is where one party promises to another to do a certain thing 
 in a certain time for a stipulated sum. Good business men always reduce an 
 agreement to writing, which nearly always saves misunderstandings and trouble. 
 No particular form is necessary, but the facts must be clearly and explicitly 
 stated, and there must, to make it valid, be a reasonable consideration. 
 
 GENERAL FORM OF AGREEMENT. 
 
 This Agreement, made the Second day of June, 1878, between John 
 Jones, of Keokuk, County of Lee, State of Iowa, of the first part, and Thomas 
 Whiteside, of the same place, of the second part — 
 
 WITNESSETH, that the said John Jones, in consideration of the agreement 
 of the party of the second part, hereinafter contained, contracts and agrees to 
 and with the said Thomas Whiteside, that he will deliver in good and market- 
 able condition, at the Village of Melrose, Iowa, during the month of November, 
 of this year. One Hundred Tons of Prairie Hay, in the following lots, and at 
 the following specified times ; namely, twenty-five tons by the seventh of Nov- 
 ember, twenty-five tons additional by the fourteenth of the month, twenty-five 
 tons more by the twenty-first, and the entire one hundred tons to be all delivered 
 by the thirtieth of November. 
 
 And the said Thomas Whiteside, in consideration of the prompt fulfillment 
 of this contract, on the part of the party of the first part, contracts to and agrees 
 with the said John Jones, to pay for said hay five dollars per ton, for each ton 
 as feoon as delivered. 
 
308 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 In case of failure of agreement by either of the parties hereto, it is herebj 
 stipulated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the other, One Hun- 
 dred dollars, as fixed and settled damages. 
 
 In witness Avhereof, we have hereunto set our hands the day and year first 
 above written. John Jones, 
 
 Thomas Whiteside. 
 
 agreement with clerk for services. 
 
 This Agreement, made the first day of May, one thousand eight hundred 
 and seventy-eight, between Reuben Stone, of Dubuque, County of Dubuque, 
 State of Iowa, party of the first part, and George Barclay, of McGregor, 
 County of Clayton, State of Iowa, party of the second part — 
 
 WITNESSETH, that Said George Barclay agrees faithfully and diligently to 
 work as clerk and salesman for the said Reuben Stone, for and during the space 
 of one year from the date hereof, should both live such length of time, -without 
 absenting himself from his occupation ; during which time he, the said Barclay, in 
 the store of said Stone, of Dubuque, will carefully and honestly attend, doing 
 and performing all duties as clerk and salesman aforesaid, in accordance and in 
 all respects as directed and desired by the said Stone. 
 
 In consideration of which services, so to be rendered by the said Barclay, the 
 said Stone agrees to pay to said Barclay the annual sum of one thousand dol- 
 lars, payable in twelve equal monthly payments, each upon the last day of each 
 month ; provided that all dues for days of absence from business by said Barclay, 
 shall be deducted from the sum otherwise by the agreement due and payable by 
 the said Stone to the said Barclay. 
 
 Witness our hands. Reuben Stone. 
 
 George Barclay. 
 
 BILLS OF SALE. 
 
 A bill of sale is a written agreement to another party, for a consideration to 
 convey his right and interest in the personal property. The jmrchaser must 
 take actual possession of the property/, or the bill of sale must he acknowledged 
 and recorded. 
 
 COMMON FORM OF BILL OF SALE. 
 
 Know all Men by this instrument, that I, Louis Clay, of Burlington, 
 Iowa, of the first part, for and in consideration of Five Hundred and Ten 
 Dollars, to me paid by John Floyd, of the same place, of the second part, the 
 receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have sold, and by this instrument do 
 convey unto the said Floyd, party of the second part, his executors, administra- 
 tors and assigns, my undivided half of ten acres of corn, now growing on the 
 arm of Thomas Tyrell, in the town above mentioned ; one pair of horses, 
 sixteen sheep, and five cows, belonging to me and in my possession at the farm 
 aforesaid ; to have and to hold the same unto the party of the second part, his 
 executors and assigns forever. And I do, for myself and legal representatives, 
 agree with the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, to 
 warrant and defend the sale of the afore-mentioned property and chattels unto 
 the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, against all and 
 every person whatsoever. 
 
 In witness whereof, I have hereunto affixed my hand, this tenth day of 
 October, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. 
 
 Louis Clay. 
 
I 
 
 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 309 
 
 NOTICE TO QUIT. 
 
 To John Wontpay : 
 
 You are hereby notified to quit the possession of the premises you now 
 occupy to wit : 
 
 \_Insert Description.~\ 
 
 on or before thirty days from the date of this notice. 
 
 Dated January 1, 1878. Landlord. 
 
 \_Reverse for Notice to Landlord.^ 
 
 GENERAL FORM OF WILL FOR REAL AND PERSONAL 
 
 PROPERTY. 
 
 I, Charles Mansfield, of the Town of Bellevue, County of Jackson, State 
 of Iowa, being aware of the uncertainty of life, and in failing health, but of 
 sound mind and memory, do make and declare this to be my last will and tes- 
 tament, in manner following, to-wit : 
 
 First. I give, devise and bequeath unto my eldest son, Sidney H. Mans- 
 field, the sum of Two Thousand Dollars, of bank stock, now in the Third 
 National Bank, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and the farm owned by myself, in the 
 Township of Iowa, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres, with all the 
 houses, tenements and improvements thereunto belonging ; to have and to hold 
 unto my said son, his heirs and assigns, forever. 
 
 Second. I give, devise and bequeath to each of my two daughters, Anna 
 Louise Mansfield and Ida Clara Mansfield, each Two Thousand Dollars in bank 
 stock in the Third National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio ; and also, each one 
 quarter section of land, owned by myself, situated in theTownship of Fairfield, 
 and recorded in my name in the Recorder's office, in the county where such land 
 is located. The north one hundred and sixty acres of said half section is 
 devised to my eldest daughter, Anna Louise. 
 
 Third. I give, devise and bequeath to my son, Frank Alfred Mansfield, five 
 shares of railroad stock in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and my one hundred 
 and sixty acres of land, and saw-mill thereon, situated in Manistee, Michigan, 
 with all the improvements and appurtenances thereunto belonging, which said 
 real estate is recorded in niy name, in the county where situated. 
 
 Fourth. I give to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, all my household 
 furniture, goods, chattels and personal property, about my home, not hitherto 
 disposed of, including Eight Thousand Dollars of bank stock in the Third 
 National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio, fifteen shares in the Baltimore & Ohio 
 Railroad, and the free and unrestricted use, possession and benefit of the home 
 farm so long as she may live, in lieu of dower, to which she is entitled by law 
 — said farm being my present place of residence. 
 
 Fifth. I bequeath to my invalid father, Elijah H. Mansfield, the income 
 from rents of my store building at 145 Jackson street, Chicago, Illinois, during 
 the term of his natural life. Said building and land therewith to revert to 
 my said sons and daughters in equal proportion, upon the demise of my said 
 father. 
 
 Sixth. It is also my will and desire that, at the death of my wife, Victoria 
 Elizabeth Mansfield, or at any time when she may arrange to relinquish her 
 
310 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 life interest in the above mentioned homestead, the same may revert to my 
 above named children, or to the lawful heirs of each. 
 
 Aiid lastly. I nominate and appoint as the executors of this, my last will 
 and testament, my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, and mv eldest son, Sidney 
 H. Mansfield. 
 
 I further direct that my debts and necessary funeral expenses shall be paid 
 from moneys now on deposit in the Savings Bank of Bellevue, the residue of 
 such moneys to revert to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, for her use for- 
 ever. 
 
 In witness whereof, I, Charles Mansfield, to this my last will and testament, 
 have hereunto set my hand and seal, this fourth day of April, eighteen hundred 
 and seventy-two. 
 
 Charles Mansfield. 
 Signed, and declared by Charles Mansfield, as and for his last will and tes- 
 ment, in the presence of us, who, at his request, and in his presence, and in 
 the presence of each other, have subscribed our names hereunto as witnesses 
 thereof. Peter A. Schenck, Dubuque, Iowa, 
 
 Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa. 
 
 CODICIL. 
 
 Whereas I, Charles Mansfield, did, on the fourth day of April, one thousand 
 eight hundred and seventy-two, make my last will and testament, I do now, by 
 this writing, add this codicil to my said will, to be taken as a part thereof. 
 
 Whereas, by the dispensation of Providence, my daughter, Anna Louise, 
 has deceased, November fifth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three ; and whereas, 
 a son has been born to me, which son is now christened Richard Albert Mans- 
 field, I give and bequeath unto him my gold watch, and all right, interest and 
 title in lands and bank stock and chattels bequeathed to my deceased daughter, 
 Anna Louise, in the body of this will. 
 
 In witness whereof, I hereunto place my hand and seal, this tenth day of 
 March, eighteen hundred and seventy-five. Charles Mansfield. 
 
 Signed, sealed, published and declared to us by the testator, Charles Mans- 
 field, as and for a codicil to be annexed to his last will and testament. And 
 we, at his request, and in his presence, and in the presence of each other, have 
 subscribed our names as witnesses thereto, at the date hereof. 
 
 Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa, 
 John C. Shay, Bellevue, low^a. 
 
 {Form No. 1.) 
 
 SATISFACTION OF MORTGAGE. 
 
 State of Iowa, . 
 
 ss* 
 
 County, j 
 
 of the County of , State of Iowa, do hereby acknowledge 
 
 that a certain Indenture of , bearing date the day of , A. D 
 
 18 — , made and executed by and , his wife, to said on 
 
 iche following described Real Estate, in the County of , and State of 
 
 Iowa, to-wit : (here insert description) and filed for record in the office of the 
 Recorder of the County of , and State of Iowa, on the day of , 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 311 
 
 A. D. 18 — , at o'clock . M. ; and recorded in Book of Mortgage 
 
 Records, on page , is redeemed, paid off, satisfied and discharged in full. 
 
 . [seal.] 
 
 State of Iowa, ' 
 County, 
 
 ss. 
 
 Be it Remembered, That on this day of , A. D. 18 — , before 
 
 me the undersigned, a in and for said county, personally appeai-ed , 
 
 to me personally known to be the identical person who executed the above 
 
 (satisfaction of mortgage) as grantor, and acknowledged signature 
 
 thereto to be voluntary act and deed. 
 
 Witness my hand and seal, the day and year last above 
 
 written. . 
 
 ONE FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. 
 
 Know all Men by these Presents : That , of County, and 
 
 State of , in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by of 
 
 County, and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto the said 
 
 the following described premises, situated in the County , and State of 
 
 , to wit : (here insert description,) and do hereby covenant with the 
 
 said that lawfully seized of said premises, that they are free from 
 
 incumbrance, that have good right and lawful authority to sell and convey 
 
 the same ; and do hereby covenant to warrant and defend the same against 
 
 the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever. To be void upon condition that 
 
 the said shall pay the full amount of principal and interest at the time 
 
 therein specified, of certain promissory note for the sum of dollars. 
 
 One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 
 
 One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 
 
 One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 
 
 One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 
 
 And the said Mortgagor agrees to pay all taxes that may be levied upon the 
 above described premises. It is also agreed by the Mortgagor that if it becomes 
 necessary to foreclose this mortgage, a reasonable amount shall be allowed as an 
 
 attorney's fee for foreclosing. And the said hereby relinquishes all her 
 
 right of dower and homestead in and to the above described premises. 
 Signed to day of , A. D. 18—. 
 
 [Acknowledge as in Form No. 1.] 
 
 SECOND FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. 
 
 This Indenture, made and executed by and between of the 
 
 county of and State of , part of the first part, and of the 
 
 county of and State of party of the second part, Witnesseth, that the 
 
 said part of the first part, for and in consideration of the sura of dollars, 
 
 paid by the said party of the second part, the receipt of which is hereby 
 acknowledged, \mve granted and sold, and do by these presents, grant, bargain, 
 sell, convey and confirm, unto the said party of the second part, heirs and 
 
312 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 assigns forever, the certain tract or parcel of real estate situated in the county 
 of and State of , described as follows, to-wit : 
 
 {Here insert description.) 
 
 The said part of the first part represent to and covenant with the part of 
 the second part, that he have good right to sell and convey said premises, 
 that they are free from encumbrance and that he will warrant and defend 
 them against the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever, and do expressly 
 hereby release all rights of dower in and to said premises, and relinquish and 
 convey all rights of homestead therein. 
 
 This Instrument is made, executed and delivered upon the following con- 
 ditions, to-wit : 
 
 First. Said first part agree to pay said or order 
 
 Second. Said first part further agree as is stipulated in said note, that if 
 he shall fail to pay any of said interest when due, it shall bear interest at the 
 rate often per cent, per annum, from the time the same becomes due, and this 
 mortgage shall stand as security for the same. 
 
 Third. Said first part further agree that he will pay all taxes and 
 assessments levied upon said real estate before the same become delinquent, and 
 if not paid the holder of this mortgage may declare the whole sum of money 
 herein secured due and collectable at once, or he may elect to pay such taxes or 
 assessments, and be entitled to interest on the same at the rate of ten per cent, 
 per annum, and this mortgage shall stand as security for the amount so paid. 
 Fourth. Said first part further agree that if he fail to pay any of said 
 
 money, either principal or interest, within days after the same becomes 
 
 due ; or fail to conform or comply with any of the foregoing conditions or agree- 
 ments, the whole sum herein secured shall become due and payable at once, and 
 this mortgage may thereupon be foreclosed immediately for the whole of said 
 money, interest and costs. 
 
 Fifth. Said part further agree that in the event of the non-payment of either 
 principal, interest or taxes when due, and upon the filing of a bill of foreclosure 
 of this mortgage, an attorney's fee of dollars shall become due and pay- 
 able, and shall be by the court taxed, and this mortgage shall stand as security 
 therefor, and the same shall be included in the decree of foreclosure and shall 
 be made by the Sheriff on general or special execution with the other money, 
 interest and costs, and the contract embodied in this mortgage and the note 
 described herein, shall in all respects be governed, constructed and adjudged 
 
 by the laws of , where the same is made. The foregoing conditions 
 
 being performed, this conveyance to be void, otherwise of full force and virtue. 
 
 [Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] 
 
 FORM OF LEASE. 
 
 This Article of Agreement, Made and entered into on this day of 
 
 A. D. 187-, by and between , of the county of , and 
 
 State of Iowa, of the first part, and , of the county of ■ 
 
 and State of Iowa, of the second part, witnesseth that the said party of the first 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 313 
 
 part has this day leased unto the party of the second part the following described 
 
 premises, to wit : 
 
 \_Here insert description.'^ 
 
 for the term of from and after the — day of , A. D. 187- a:^ 
 
 the rent of dollars, to be paid as follows, to wit : 
 
 [^Here insert Terms.'] 
 
 And it is further agreed that if any rent shall be due and unpaid, or if 
 default be made in any of the covenants herein contained, it shall then be law- 
 ful for the said party of the first part to re-enter the said premises, or to destrain 
 for such rent; or he may recover possession thereof, by action of forcible entry 
 and detainer, notwithstanding the provision of Section 3,612 of the Code of 
 1873 ; or he may use any or all of said remedies. 
 
 And the said party of the second part agrees to pay to the party of the first 
 part the rent as above stated, except when said premises are untenantable by 
 reason of fire, or from any other cause than the carelessness of the party of the 
 
 second part, or persons family, or in employ, or by superior force 
 
 and inevitable necessity. And the said party of the second part covenants 
 
 that will use the said premises as a , and for no other purposes 
 
 whatever ; and that especially will not use said premises, or permit the 
 
 same to be used, for any unlawful iDusiness or purpose whatever ; that will 
 
 not sell, assign, underlet or relinquish said premises without the written consent 
 
 of the lessor, under penalty of a forfeiture of all rights under this lease, at 
 
 the election of the party of the first part ; and that Avill use all due care 
 
 and diligence in guarding said property, with the buildings, gates, fences, trees, 
 vines, shrubbery, etc., from damage by fire, and the depredations of animals ; 
 
 that will keep buildings, gates, fences, etc., in as good repair as they now 
 
 are, or may at any time be placed by the lessor, damages by superior force, 
 inevitable necessity, or fire from any other cause than from the carelessness of 
 
 the lessee, or persons of family, or in employ, excepted ; and that 
 
 at the expiration of this lease, or upon a breach by said lessee of any of the said 
 
 covenants herein contained, will, without further notice of any kind, quit 
 
 and surrender the possession and occupancy of said premises in as good condi- 
 tion as reasonable use, natural Avear and decay thereof will permit, damages by 
 fire as aforesaid, superior force, or inevitable necessity, only excepted. 
 
 In witness whereof, th$ said parties have subscribed their names on the date 
 first above written. 
 
 In presence of 
 
 FORM OF NOTE. 
 
 ,18- 
 
 On or before the — day of , 18 — , for value received, I promise to 
 
 pay or order, dollars, Avith interest from date until paid, 
 
 at ten per cent, per annum, payable annually, at . Unpaid interest 
 
 shall bear interest at ten per cent, per annum. On failure to pay interest 
 
 within days after due, the whole sum, principal and interest, shall become 
 
 due at once. 
 
314 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 CHATTEL MORTGAGE. 
 
 Know all Men by these Presents : That of County, and 
 
 State of in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by , of 
 
 County and State of do hereby sell and convey unto the said the 
 
 following described personal property, now in the possession of in the 
 
 county and State of , to wit : 
 
 \_Here insert Description .'\ 
 
 And do hereby warrant the title of said property, and that it is free from 
 
 any incumbrance or lien. The only right or interest retained by grantor in 
 and to said property being the right of redemption as herein provided. This 
 conveyance to be void upon condition that the said grantor shall pay to said 
 grantee, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time 
 
 therein specified, of certain promissory notes of even date hercAvith, for 
 
 tlfe sum of dollars, 
 
 One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 
 
 One note for ^ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 
 
 One note for ^ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 
 
 One note for ^ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 
 
 The grantor to pay all taxes on said property, and if at any time any part 
 or portion of said notes should be due and unpaid, said grantee may proceed by 
 sale or foreclosure to collect and pay himself the unpaid balance of said notes, 
 whether due or not, the grantor to pay all necessary expense of such foreclosure, 
 
 including $ Attorney's fees, and whatever remains after paying off said 
 
 notes and expenses, to be paid over to said grantor. 
 
 Signed the day of , 18 — . . 
 
 [Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] . 
 
 WARRANTY DEED. 
 
 Know all Men by these Presents : That of County and 
 
 State of , in consideration of the sum of Dollars, in hand paid by 
 
 of , County and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto 
 
 the said and to heirs and assigns, the following described premises, 
 
 situated in the County of , State of Iowa, to-wit : 
 
 [^Here insert description.'] 
 
 And I do hereby covenant with the said that — lawfully seized in fee 
 
 simple, of said premises, that they are free from incumbrance ; that — ha good 
 right and lawful authority to sell the same, and — do hereby covenant to war- 
 rant and defend the said premises and appurtenances thereto belonging, against 
 the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever ; and the said hereby re- 
 linquishes all her right of dower and of homestead in and to the above described 
 premises. 
 
 Signed the day of , A. D. 18—. 
 
 in presence of 
 
 [Acknowledged as in Form No. 1.] 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 315 
 
 QUIT-CLAIM DEED. 
 
 Know all Men by these Presents: That , of County, 
 
 State of , in consideration of the sum of dollars, to — in hand 
 
 paid by , of County, State of , the receipt whereof — do 
 
 hereby acknowledge,have bargained, sold and quit-claimed, and by these presents 
 
 do bargain, sell and quit-claim unto the said and to — heirs and assigns 
 
 forever, all — right, title, interest, estate, claim and demand, both at law and 
 in equity, and as well in possession as in expectancy, of, in and to the following 
 described premises, to wit : [here insert description] with all and singular the 
 hereditaments and appurtenances thereto belonging. 
 
 Signed this day of , A. D. 18 — . 
 
 Signed in Presence of 
 
 [Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] 
 
 BOND FOR DEED. 
 
 Know all Men by these Presents: That of County, 
 
 and State of am held and firmly bound unto of County, and 
 
 State of , in the sum of Dollars, to be pai 1 to the said , his 
 
 executors or assigns, for which payment Avell and truly to be made, I bind myseL' 
 firmly by these presents. Signed the day of A. D. 18 — . 
 
 The condition of this obligation is such, that if the said obligee shall pay to 
 said obligor, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time 
 therein specified, of — certain promissory note of even date herewith, for the 
 sum of Dollars, 
 
 One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 
 
 One note for $ , due , 18 — , Avith interest annually at — per cent. 
 
 One note for | , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 
 
 and pay all taxes accruing upon the lands herein described, then said obligor 
 shall convey to the said obligee, or his assigns, that certain tract or parcel of 
 real estate, situated in the County of and State of Iowa, described as fol- 
 lows, to wit: [here insert description,] by a Warranty Deed, with the usual 
 covenants, duly executed and acknowledged. 
 
 If said obligee should fail to make the payments as above stipulated, or any 
 part thereof, as the same becomes due, said obligor may at his option, by notice 
 to the obligee terminate his liability under the bond and resume the posses- 
 sion and absolute control of said premises, time being the essence of this 
 agreement. 
 
 On the fulfillment of the above conditions this obligation to become void, 
 otherwise to remain in full force and virtue; unless terminated by the obligor 
 as above stipulated. 
 
 [Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] 
 
316 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 CHARITABLE, SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 Any three or more persons of full a;Lre, citizens of the L^nited States, 
 a majority of whom shall be citizens of this State, who desire to associate 
 themselves for benevolent, charitable, scientific, religious or missionary pur- 
 poses, may make, sign and acknowledge, before any officer authorized to take 
 the acknowledgments of deeds in this State, and have recorded in the office of 
 the Recorder of the county in which the business of such society is to be con- 
 ducted, a certificate in writing, in Avliich shall be stated the name or title by 
 which such society shall be known, the particular business and objects of such 
 society, the number of Trustees, Directors or Managers to conduct the same, and 
 the names of the Trustees, Directors or Managers of such society for the first 
 year of its existence. 
 
 Upon filing for record the certificate, as aforesaid, the persons who shall 
 have signed and acknowledged such certificate, and their associates and success- 
 ors, shall, by virtue hereof, be a body politic and corporate by the name 
 stated in such certificate, and by that they and their successors shall and may 
 have succession, and shall be persons capable of suing and being sued, and may 
 have and use a common seal, which they may alter or change at pleasure ; and 
 they and their successors, by their corporate name, shall be capable of taking, 
 receiving, purchasing and holding real and personal estate, and of making by- 
 laws for the management of its affairs, not inconsistent with law. 
 
 The society so incorporated may, annually or oftener, elect from its members 
 its Trustees, Directors or Managers at such time and place, and in such manner 
 as may be specified in its by-laws, who shall have the control and management 
 of the affairs and funds of the society, a majority of whom shall be a quorum 
 for the transaction of business, and whenever any vacancy shall happen among 
 such Trustees, Directors or Managers, by death, resignation or neglect to serve, 
 such vacancy shall be filled in such manner as shall be provided by the by-laAvs 
 of such society. When the body corporate consists of the Trustees, Directors or 
 Managers of any benevolent, charitable, literary, scientific, religious or mis- 
 sionary institution, which is or may be established in the State, and which is or 
 may be under the patronage, control, direction or supervision of any synod, con- 
 ference, association or other ecclesiastical body in such State, established 
 agreeably to the laws thereof, such ecclesiastical body may nominate and 
 appoint such Trustees, Directors or Managers, according to usages of the appoint- 
 ing body, and may fill any vacancy which may occur among such Trustees, 
 Directors or Managers; and when any such institution may be under the 
 patronage, control, direction or supervision of two or more of such synods, con- 
 ferences, associations or other ecclesiastical bodies, such bodies may severally 
 nominate and appoint such proportion of such Trustees, Directors or Managers 
 as shall be agreed upon by those bodies immediately concerned. And any 
 vacancy occurring among such appointees last named, shall be filled by the 
 synod, conference, association or body having appointed the last incumbent. 
 
 In case any election of Trustees, Directors or Managers shall not be made 
 on the day designated by the by-laws, said society for that cause shall not be 
 dissolved, but such election may take place on any other day directed by such 
 by-laws. 
 
 Any corporation formed under this chapter shall be capable of taking, hold- 
 ing or receiving property by virtue of any devise or bequest contained in any 
 last will or testament of any person whatsoever; but no person leaving a wife, 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS, 317 
 
 cliild or parent, shall devise or bequeath to such institution or corporation more 
 than one-fourth of his estate after the payment of his debts, and such device or 
 bequest shall be valid only to the extent of such one-fourth. 
 
 Any corporation in this State of an academical character, the memberships 
 of which shall consist of lay members and pastors of churches, delegates to any 
 synod, conference or council holding its annual meetings alternately in this and 
 one or more adjoining States, may hold its annual meetings for the election of 
 officers and the transaction of business in any adjoining State to this, at such 
 place therein as the said synod, confei'enceor council shall hold its annual meet- 
 ings; and the elections so held and business so transacted shall be as legal and 
 binding as if held and transacted at the place of business of the corporation in 
 this State. 
 
 The provisions of this chapter shall not extend or apply to any association- 
 or individual who shall, in the certificate filed with the Recorder, use or specify 
 a name or style the same as that of any previously existing incorporated society 
 in the county. 
 
 The Trustees, Directors or stockholders of any existing benevolent, char- 
 itable, scientific, missionary or religious corporation, may, by conforming to the 
 requirements of Section 1095 of this chapter, re-incorporate themselves or con- 
 tinue their existing corporate powers, and all the property and effects of such 
 existing corporation shall vest in and belong to the corporation so re-incorporated, 
 or continued. 
 
 INTOXICATING LIQUORS. 
 
 No intoxicating liquors (alcohol, spirituous and vinous liquors), except wine 
 manufactured from grapes, currants or other fruit grown in the State, shall be 
 manufactured or sold, except for mechanical, medicinal, culinary or sacramental 
 purposes ; and even such sale is limited as follows : 
 
 Any citizen of the State, except hotel keepers, keepers of saloons, eating 
 houses, grocery keepers and confectioners, is permitted to buy and sell, Avithin 
 the county of his residence, such liquors for such mechanical, etc., purposes 
 only, provided he shall obtain the consent of tlie Board of Supervisors. In 
 order to get that consent, he must get a certificate from a majority of the elec- 
 tors of the town or township or ward in which he desires to sell, that he is of 
 good moral character, and a proper person to sell such liquors. 
 
 If the Board of Supervisors grant him permission to sell such liquors, he 
 must give bonds, and shall not sell such liquors at a greater profit than thirty- 
 three per cent, on tie cost of the same. Any person having a permit to sell, 
 shall make, on the last Saturday of every month, a return in writing to the 
 Auditor of the county, showing the kind and quantity of the liquors purchased 
 by him since the date of his last report, the price paid, and the amount of 
 freights paid on ihe same ; also the kind and quantity of liquors sold by him 
 since the date of his last report; to whom sold ; for Avhat purpose and at what 
 price; also the kind and quantity of litpiors on hand; which report shall be 
 sworn to by the person having the permit, and shall be kept by the Auditor, 
 subject at all times to the inspection of the public. 
 
 No person shall sell or give away any intoxicating liquors, including wine or 
 beer, to any minor, for any purpose whatever, except upon written order of 
 parent, guardian or family physician ; or sell the same to an intoxicated person 
 or a person in the habit of becoming intoxicated. 
 
318 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 Any person who shall mix any intoxicating liquor -with any beer, wine or 
 cider, by him sold, and shall sell or keep for sale, as a beverage, such mixture, 
 shall be punished as for sale of intoxicating liquor. 
 
 But nothing in the chapter containing the laws governing the sale or pro- 
 hibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors, shall be construed to forbid the sale by 
 the imi)orter theriof of foreign intoxicating liquor, imported under the author- 
 ity of the laws of the United States, regarding the importation of such liquors, 
 and in accordance with such laws ; provided that such licjuor, at the time of the 
 sale by the importer, remains in the original casks or packages in which it was 
 by liiin imported, and in quantities not less than the quantities in which the 
 laws of the United States require such liquors to be imported, and is sold by 
 him in such original casks or packages, and in said quantities only. 
 
 All payment or compensation for intoxicating liquor sold in violation of the 
 laws of this State, whether such payments or compensation be in money, goods, 
 lands, labor, or anything else whatsoever, shall be held to have been received in viola- 
 tion of law and equity and good conscience, and to have been received upon a 
 valid promise and agreement of the receiver, in consideration of the receipt 
 thereof, to pay on demand, to the person furnishing such consideration, the 
 amount of the money on the just value of the goods or other things. 
 
 All sales, transfers, conveyances, mortgages, liens, attachments, pledges and 
 securities of every kind, which, either in whole or in part, shall have been made 
 on account of intoxicating liquors sold contrary to law, shall be utterly null and 
 void. 
 
 Negotiable paper in the hands of holders thereof, in good faith, for valuable 
 considei'ation, without notice of any illegality in its inception or transfer, how- 
 ever, shall not be affected by the above provisions. Neither shall the holder of 
 land or other property who may have taken the same in good faith, Avithout 
 notice of any defect in the title of the person from whom the same was 
 taken, growing out of a violation of the liquor law, be affected by the above 
 provision. 
 
 Every wife, child, parent, guardian, employer, or other person, who shall be 
 injured in person or property or means of support, by an intoxicated person, or 
 in consequence of the intoxication, has a right of action against any person who 
 shall, by selling intoxicating li(juors, cause the intoxication of such person, for 
 all damages actually sustained as well as exemplary damages. 
 
 For any damages recovered, the personal and real property (except home- 
 stead, as now provided) of the person against whom the damages are recovered, 
 as well as the premises or property, personal or real, occu])ied and used by him, 
 with consent and knowledge of owner, either for manufacturing or selling intox- 
 icating li((uors contrary to law, shall be liable. 
 
 The only other exemption, besides the homestead, from this sweeping liability, 
 is that the defendant may have enough for the support of his family for six 
 months, to be determined by the ToAvnship Trustee. 
 
 No ale, Avine, beer or other malt or vinous li([uors shall be sold within two 
 miles of the corporate limits of any municipal corporation, except at Avholesale, 
 for the purpose of shipment to places outside of sucli corporation and such tAvo- 
 mile limits. The poAvcr of the corporation to prohibit or license sale of liquors 
 not prohibited by laAV is extended over the two miles. 
 
 No ale, Avine, beer or other malt or vinous licjuors shall be sold on the day 
 on which any election is held under the laws of this State, Avithin tAvo miles of 
 the place Avhere said election is held; except only that any person holding a 
 permit may sell upon the prescription of a practicing physician. 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 319 
 
 SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS BY SUBSCRIP- 
 
 TION. 
 
 The business of puhlisTiing hooks hy subscription, having so often been 
 brought into disrepute by agents making representations and declarations not 
 authorized by the publisher, in order to prevent that as much as possible, and 
 that there may be more general knowledge of the relation such agents bear to 
 their principal, and the law governing such cases, the following statement is 
 made : 
 
 A subscription is in the nature of a contract of mutual promises, by which 
 the subscriber agrees io pay a certain sum for the work described; the consid- 
 eration is concurrent that the publisher shall publish the book named, and 
 deliver the same, for which the subscriber is to pay the price named. T/ie 
 nature and character of the work is described by the prospectus and sample 
 shown. These should be carefully examined before subscribing, as they are 
 the basis and consideration of the promi&e to pay, and not the too often exag- 
 gerated statements of the agent, who is merely employed to solicit subscriptions, 
 for which he is usually ^;a2f? a commission for each subscriber, and has no 
 authority to change or alte-^ the conditions upon which the subscriptions are 
 authorized to be made by the publisher. Should the agent assume to agree to 
 make the subscription conditional or modify or change the agreement of the 
 publisher, as set out by the prospectus and sample, in order to bi7id the ptrinci- 
 pal, the subscriber should see that such condition or changes are stated over or 
 in connection with his signature, so that the publisher may have notice of the 
 same. 
 
 All persons making contracts in reference to matters of this kind, or any 
 other business, should remember tliat the law as tvritten is, that they can not be 
 altered, varied or rescinded verbally, but if done at all, must be done in ivriting. 
 It is therefore important that all persotis coyitemplating subscribing should 
 distinctly understand that all talk before or after the subscription is made, is not 
 admissible as evidence, and is no part of the contract. 
 
 Persons employed to solicit subscriptions are known to the trade as can- 
 vassers. They are agents appointed to do a particular business in a prescribed 
 mode, and have no authority to do it any other way to the prejudice of their 
 principal, nor can they bind their principal in any other matter. They can not 
 collect money, or agree that payment may be made in anything else but money. 
 They can not extend the time of payment beyond the time of delivery, nor bind 
 their principal for the payment of expeiises incurred in their business. 
 
 It would save a great deal of trouble, and often serious loss, if persons, 
 before sigyiing their names to any subscription book, or any Avritten instrument, 
 would examine carefully what it is ; if they can not read themselves call on 
 some one disinterested who can. 
 
STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE OF IOWA (CENSUS OF 1875.) 
 
 COUXTIES. 
 
 Appanoose 
 
 Ahunakt'e 
 
 Audulioii 
 
 Adams 
 
 Adair 
 
 Buena Vista . 
 
 Benton 
 
 Boone 
 
 Butler 
 
 Bremer 
 
 Black Hawk.. 
 
 Buchanan 
 
 Clay 
 
 Cherokee 
 
 Cass 
 
 Crawford 
 
 Cedar 
 
 Cerro Gordo. . 
 
 Clayton 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Chicka.saw 
 
 •Carroll 
 
 •Clarke 
 
 Calhoun 
 
 Davis 
 
 Decatur 
 
 Dubuqa • 
 
 Des Moines... 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Dickinson 
 
 Dallas 
 
 Emmet 
 
 Floyd 
 
 Fayette 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Fremont 
 
 Grundy 
 
 Green 
 
 Guthrie 
 
 Hardin 
 
 Humboldt 
 
 Howard 
 
 Harrison 
 
 Hancock 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Henry 
 
 Ida 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Johnson 
 
 Jasper 
 
 Jones 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Keokuk 
 
 Kossuth 
 
 Lee 
 
 Lucas 
 
 Lyon 
 
 JLinn 
 
 Louisa 
 
 Mitchell 
 
 ilahaska 
 
 Marion 
 
 Mills 
 
 Madison 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Marshall 
 
 Monon;!.. 
 
 Muscatine 
 
 MontgomiTV.. 
 
 O'Brien 
 
 Osceola 
 
 Folk 
 
 Pochahontas.. 
 Pottuwaitimiit 
 
 Powesheik 
 
 Page 
 
 Plymouth 
 
 Palo Alto 
 
 Ringgold 
 
 Scott 
 
 Story 
 
 Shelby 
 
 Sioux 
 
 Sac 
 
 Taylor 
 
 Tama 
 
 Union 
 
 Van Buren 
 
 IVayno 
 
 Warren 
 
 ■\Vinnc.slM;ik ... 
 
 "Woodbury 
 
 "Worth 
 
 "Washington .. 
 
 "Webster 
 
 "Winnobafio 
 
 "Wright 
 
 Wapello 
 
 Total"-. 
 
 Xo. of 
 
 No. of 
 
 Acres 
 
 Acres 
 
 of Im- 
 
 Unim- 
 
 l)roved 
 
 provud 
 
 Laud. 
 
 Land. 
 
 161039 
 
 161(183 
 
 msi 
 
 156821 
 
 211J6 
 
 23819 
 
 65159 
 
 43735 
 
 a-JlS2 
 
 55680 
 
 3311S 
 
 37034 
 
 297518 
 
 53911 
 
 ]5G1)37 
 
 71810 
 
 ]4'Jlt)d 
 
 58908 
 
 145JU7 
 
 47001 
 
 2J30i3 
 
 150381 
 
 19U.JU 
 
 71418 
 
 3705J 
 
 39919 
 
 54G3S 
 
 28974 
 
 110864 
 
 45304 
 
 .5S05S 
 
 28:5414 
 
 248SG9 
 
 41417 
 
 5ii),iU 
 
 309S95 
 
 212291 
 
 151908 
 
 29.(8.55 
 
 57337 
 
 96)04 
 
 94772 
 
 5St;65 
 
 309744 
 
 9S(;94 
 
 50487 
 
 26996 
 
 
 1.50 JSS 
 
 116003 
 
 115T.->1 
 
 87172 
 
 187S31 
 
 98561 
 
 1J36C5 
 
 58165 
 
 472029 
 
 6-2305 
 
 13770 
 
 29850 
 
 132135 
 
 57765 
 
 9989 
 
 2.55S6 
 
 ]4;098 
 
 32130 
 
 179)04 
 
 98156 
 
 69359 
 
 43 46 
 
 11. 59 J? 
 
 198332 
 
 14^059 
 
 47926 
 
 59910 
 
 49838 
 
 87259 
 
 47220 
 
 128S31 
 
 39930 
 
 29114 
 
 36906 
 
 1153J3 
 
 171018 
 
 948 IS 
 
 837451 
 
 10162 
 
 341615 
 
 63963 
 
 39335 
 
 182030 
 
 50249 
 
 7292 
 
 9194 
 
 191011 
 
 89357 
 
 1932 JO 
 
 142401 
 
 241021 
 
 71237 
 
 278881 
 
 179752 
 
 20S907 
 
 63i98 
 
 167389 
 
 66979 
 
 203125 
 
 98999 
 
 31550 
 
 48793 
 
 183S32 
 
 78692 
 
 103952 
 
 59757 
 
 15S;2 
 
 8I8SI1 
 
 281118 
 
 62649 
 
 151007 
 
 52922 
 
 126.384 
 
 70176 
 
 232398 
 
 122 190 
 
 199369 
 
 82779 
 
 141512 
 
 53601 
 
 161998 
 
 183709 
 
 102215 
 
 78206 
 
 223735 
 
 475.32 
 
 52242 
 
 56278 
 
 17S945 
 
 48^32 
 
 104C33 
 
 50607 
 
 33626 
 
 32070 
 
 18190 
 
 81106 
 
 207GS9 
 
 56841 
 
 21928 
 
 83572 
 
 121630 
 
 419189 
 
 20SD89 
 
 48697 
 
 136782 
 
 175171 
 
 5S233 
 
 519i2 
 
 18517 
 
 32225 
 
 18100 
 
 58329 
 
 23.-.515 
 
 19123 
 
 143649 
 
 43374 
 
 53180 
 
 893 >6 
 
 3JS24 
 
 867394 
 
 31336 
 
 47201 
 
 102861 
 
 235515 
 
 255182 
 
 90222 
 
 57005 
 
 33216 
 
 153674 
 
 993 ;8 
 
 147766 
 
 6679.T 
 
 191265 
 
 167178 
 
 2461 4C 
 
 131670 
 
 44175 
 
 57097 
 
 48927 
 
 4.3937 
 
 223176 
 
 53:^32 
 
 9723S 
 
 61744 
 
 17.38S 
 
 30625 
 
 33516 
 
 32337 
 
 150209 
 
 63491 
 
 12627830 
 
 8410435 
 
 No. of 
 Acres 
 under 
 Culti- 
 vation 
 in 1874. 
 
 Ii5188 
 109388 
 15986 
 5435 
 66265 
 27010 
 239408 
 108642 
 124S 
 104S10 
 181256 
 157210 
 33375 
 45112 
 92785 
 15262 
 16648.' 
 48618 
 173622 
 
 74104 
 
 39159 
 
 78S03 
 
 26618 
 
 131.39 
 
 9')27: 
 
 146244 
 
 97618 
 
 161337 
 
 11961 
 
 114625 
 
 838 
 
 110708 
 
 1337.38 
 
 65390 
 
 103039 
 
 135108 
 
 52323 
 
 76S92 
 
 97765 
 
 27013 
 
 61871 
 
 72287 
 
 9J05 
 
 52030 
 
 110331 
 
 6514 
 
 153188 
 
 142101 
 
 193019 
 
 21C949 
 
 140681 
 
 123590 
 
 149672 
 
 2SS35 
 
 lS3-,80 
 
 88857 
 
 127C6 
 
 17363.- 
 
 10>l06(i 
 
 91133 
 
 1.30 68 
 
 153214 
 
 993;U 
 
 137979 
 
 91730 
 
 117303 
 
 39314 
 
 129699 
 
 86026 
 
 26:31 
 
 14651 
 1404.30 
 19219 
 90679 
 171 
 11.' 
 41379 
 16679 
 50373 
 183742 
 9933 
 4723J 
 33315 
 24179 
 79142 
 214941 
 45326 
 113263 
 1 1 7CS9 
 15373 
 259169 
 3309 
 3215 
 157S84 
 70910 
 12121 
 2S9.3 
 135173 
 
 Spring "Wheat. 
 -^P- °/ I Bushels 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Harv'l'd 
 
 9606 
 61880 
 
 6876 
 1794 
 27550 
 15514 
 99406 
 32.305 
 5790 
 48878 
 89361 
 64291 
 17481 
 31693 
 40123 
 21000 
 4016 
 28199 
 86883 
 68683 
 40162 
 26756 
 17968 
 11040 
 
 5378 
 
 8211 
 49240 
 10615 
 60401 
 
 5701 
 29256 
 
 8911 
 62067 
 60779 
 31096 
 13229 
 67384 
 19391 
 27489 
 38464 
 12016 
 36115 
 23948 
 
 43S9! 
 20876, 
 15026 
 
 3108 
 48410 
 43515 
 45306 
 79926 
 36090 
 16237 
 33278 
 10798 
 10351 
 13954 
 
 8132 
 52178 
 19164 
 65534 
 31362 
 45136 
 24.385 
 875.33 
 11638 
 69S93 
 15331 
 82375 
 
 1381 
 14904 
 
 8769 
 S76S6 
 
 7434 
 33369 
 57312 
 22689 
 83628 
 
 8606 
 10926 
 4769S 
 26G58 
 22029 
 22J9: 
 110.36 
 15446 
 97013 
 10.386 
 
 7435 
 1037 
 4217 
 11217 
 15 M 
 23092 
 41616 
 30354 
 
 8939 
 13629 
 17368 
 
 937639 
 
 89235 
 
 281376 
 
 435014 
 
 162 _ 
 
 1343K66 
 
 42923 
 
 77916 
 
 644793 
 
 1103024 
 
 812342 
 
 153159 
 
 401507 
 
 676-209 
 
 324894 
 
 640311 
 
 415463 
 
 135125 
 
 1010345 
 
 64.3319 
 
 810161 
 
 217090 
 
 10J631 
 
 30993 
 
 7il69 
 
 634135 
 
 113396 
 
 71728 
 
 25822 
 
 4458 IS 
 
 1510 
 
 9ll43y 
 
 863670 
 
 435909 
 
 206901 
 
 9766J7 
 
 2.37 7C0 
 
 393374 
 
 497-251 
 
 20902 
 
 582803 
 
 143701 
 
 70000 
 
 2946S2 
 
 1802-20 
 
 48815 
 
 670-247 
 
 550«10 
 
 666779 
 
 1107170 
 
 462478 
 
 164904 
 
 868328 
 
 13139 
 
 72624 
 
 153587 
 
 76742 
 
 656597 
 
 189939 
 
 1083811 
 
 89.3532 
 
 5-29663 
 
 812961 
 
 628314 
 
 101413 
 
 11253S-> 
 
 183811 
 
 416471 
 
 551539 
 
 157526 
 
 74737 
 
 5633S9 
 
 80774 
 
 588971 
 
 762SC6 
 
 355792 
 
 442736 
 
 23208 
 
 7a851 
 
 762315 
 
 830S97 
 
 317944 
 
 251280 
 
 110094 
 
 206813 
 
 1437897 
 
 141188 
 
 58803 
 
 76346 
 
 654679 
 
 181 3463 
 
 278373 
 
 410487 
 
 469879 
 
 391031 
 
 16-2281 
 
 196166 
 
 157535 
 
 "Winter "Wheat. 
 
 No. of I 
 
 Indian Corn. 
 
 Oats. 
 
 Acres ! Bushels i";". H"^l't'ls V":"' Bushels j.„ .'„ 
 
 1049 
 
 181 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 70 
 
 1 47 
 12 
 3 
 3 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 53 9 
 
 817 
 
 84 
 
 205 
 189 
 32 
 25 
 263 
 21 
 
 63 
 
 12-20 
 10 
 323 
 1-23 
 40 
 
 ia3:;8 
 1964 
 
 174 
 3300 
 
 295 
 
 "•iaiso' 
 
 4;8 
 
 ('3 
 
 20 
 
 55 
 
 ].-,0 
 
 56405 
 
 12239 
 
 17-20 
 
 117310 
 
 50 
 
 7 
 
 186 
 
 ::::::::::::";::': 
 
 46 
 
 968 
 
 841 
 
 16(i-23 
 
 2 
 
 22 
 
 44 
 
 cto 
 
 
 
 84 
 
 1200 
 
 
 
 9041 
 
 113203 
 
 36 
 491 
 
 100 
 
 1080 
 7942 
 1274 
 
 31 
 6192 
 148 
 140 
 15400 
 81 
 
 409 
 66739 
 1363 
 
 ' "260467' 
 8-29 
 54 
 
 12 
 1388 
 
 160 
 16267 
 
 2697 
 2212 
 543 
 
 484 
 5534 
 200 
 
 6-29 
 166 
 
 394 
 ■475 
 
 20235 
 160 
 
 "r,ii2 
 618 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 214 
 
 8068 
 
 10928 
 143 
 61 
 
 960 
 
 121854 
 
 1236 
 
 910 
 
 
 
 
 
 1439 
 5 
 
 14193 
 
 11 
 
 270 
 
 64871 
 243-25 
 
 9225 
 25474 
 30SCO 
 
 7888 
 83-244 
 46151 
 S8685 
 28754 
 56392 
 48831 
 
 8797 
 
 9439 
 40582 
 
 17957 
 78-224 
 
 9312 
 37918 
 89297 
 16821 
 16014 
 S9066 
 10656 
 62127 
 50484 
 67118 
 10-29-24 
 56150 
 
 3183 
 576.32 
 
 2197 
 26462 
 37091 
 24066 
 73845 
 40175 
 7a-W37 
 38902 
 41304 
 
 9998 
 
 9916 
 447-20 
 
 2067 
 20441 
 6-2672 
 
 2301 
 62518 
 53962 
 77142 
 100217 
 654-23 
 55061 
 75697 
 
 9781 
 59363 
 47022 
 
 2645 
 91773 
 49642 
 11274 
 83775 
 84630 
 59543 
 69494 
 45575 
 67699 
 21577 
 54760 
 39251 
 
 6379 
 
 2510 
 77497 
 
 8931 
 47238 
 86748 
 71336 
 10097 
 
 6641 
 35613 
 59071 
 51273 
 17674 
 
 6780 
 
 8662 
 48260 
 73231 
 24063 
 50211 
 63625 
 80280 
 27185 
 14647 
 
 8330 
 73263 
 2S713 
 
 1374 
 10039 
 57035 
 
 •2383-243 
 
 905920 
 
 394655: 
 
 969777 
 11021-2S 
 
 228231 
 33-2S921 
 1595752 
 1-270878 
 1026641 
 1939390 
 181 1-2.30 
 
 1801-20 
 
 315215 
 1901062 
 
 64S638 
 2843921 
 
 263443 
 1471263 
 3061333 
 
 514-279 
 
 550041 
 158O260 
 
 3511-20 
 2115569 
 1763140 
 170-2391 
 2307938 
 1690)3 
 44455 
 2484S98 
 14273 
 
 642448 
 129648(1 
 
 758983 
 17039S5 
 148-2582 
 
 783027 
 1669134 
 1379961 
 
 297381 
 
 307912 
 
 16-20192 
 
 57S99 
 
 670731 
 241.3670 
 
 108465 
 2713830 
 1665518 
 3153178 
 45-2o3'-9 
 1909534 
 1695310 
 8327-232 
 
 119777 
 2190306 
 1902330 
 1039(i 
 S439923 
 21846.33 
 
 411961 
 8768209 
 883.3063 
 1533976 
 2953630 
 1733916 
 2808256 
 
 818338 
 1715973 
 1441467 
 
 106052 
 
 17279 
 
 3-27-2010 
 
 229263 
 1750038 
 3571 105 
 2239013 
 
 17.3778 
 
 142957 
 1145937 
 2-226346 
 178:5477 
 
 689536 
 8-2038 
 
 279716 
 14196S0 
 2842859 
 1130930 
 18236-22 
 2405187 
 3561365 
 
 977316 
 
 490371 
 
 1-2-2291 
 28:3-2241 
 
 917911 
 52423 
 
 281821 
 2143791 
 
 13756 
 
 1-2776 
 
 788 
 
 3931 
 
 4455 
 
 2791 
 
 13490 
 
 10101 
 
 13827 
 
 14-2.39 
 
 16804 
 
 17431 
 
 44:J6 
 
 3545 
 
 9079 
 
 2902 
 
 20243 
 
 7199 
 
 20c 24 
 
 23704 
 
 11744 
 
 3238 
 
 12337 
 
 2993 
 
 13643 
 
 10555 
 
 23115 
 
 9-242 
 
 20377 
 
 2403 
 
 9937 
 
 1549 
 
 15461 
 
 20770 
 
 9532 
 
 5419 
 
 11786 
 
 4227 
 
 4145 
 
 10982 
 
 8974 
 
 10210 
 
 8462 
 
 1"53 
 
 5108 
 
 13393 
 
 455 
 
 117.36 
 
 23652 
 
 17760 
 
 15-267 
 
 18260 
 
 14005 
 
 15582 
 
 5143 
 
 11817 
 
 12665 
 
 8477 
 
 22670 
 
 6792 
 
 14078 
 
 lt;646 
 
 10937 
 
 65-28 
 
 8743 
 
 11512 
 
 13611 
 
 2304 
 
 13-287 
 
 53-22 
 
 8107 
 
 1390 
 
 12188 
 
 2541 
 
 5278 
 
 11416 
 
 9758 
 
 4161 
 
 2979 
 
 9118 
 
 15915 
 
 11273 
 
 2254 
 
 4591 
 
 8035 
 
 8718 
 
 13574 
 
 61-27 
 
 12.396 
 
 13242 
 
 8:;91 
 
 24307 
 
 8072 
 
 4445 
 
 15701 
 
 7491 
 
 1327 
 
 4184 
 
 11,570 
 
 4700176 'l86284542i 98-2994 29144352,$131536747 
 
 Value of 
 Products 
 of Farm 
 
 387346 
 44-28-29 
 
 33233 
 141-293 
 159739 
 
 67069 
 445070 
 4046-20 
 421719 
 51S571 
 5S8196 
 556209 
 
 98766 
 115595 
 176281 
 
 99158 
 67.383 
 22i-('9 
 6(i9^9: 
 70-2039 
 446300 
 10 
 867643 
 
 73182 
 845707 
 344551 
 643322 
 287392 
 632113 
 
 37282 
 835124 
 3241 
 4S7729 
 70440 
 828679 
 179645 
 401948 
 120948 
 153305 
 356915 
 
 90944 
 840268 
 
 69140 
 
 4S816 
 168262 
 358-221 
 
 140C0 
 819071 
 521156 
 5-2-' 19 
 5:3-2239 
 464S24 
 446128 
 447603 
 
 27857 
 279069 
 842164 
 
 13789 
 585648 
 175 
 
 542C62 
 496248 
 835746 
 232689 
 2S5103 
 241081 
 46.3245 
 
 664 
 405562 
 201 C85 
 
 53931 
 
 2C829 
 431841 
 
 40494 
 
 i6ai8i 
 &-?356: 
 
 34650 
 1-2043- 
 
 46859 
 255007 
 528868 
 3432ffi» 
 
 71676 
 
 43096 
 6599 
 26965 
 884469 
 187748 
 853698 
 867396 
 2S1510 
 8216508 
 
 9164 
 16155 
 4533-20 
 207493 
 
 45109 
 135176 
 29.3590 
 
■^5? 
 
 s. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Jones County is situated in the eastern part of the State, bounded on the 
 north by Delaware and Dubuque Counties, on the east by Jackson and Clinton 
 Counties, on the south by Cedar and on the west by Linn County, and com- 
 prises an area of sixteen Congressional Townships. 
 
 The surface is undulating, with numerous slight elevations or low, conical 
 hills, the valleys extending in every direction. There is considerable timber 
 along the streams, and at sundry places are found groves of oak, maple, wal- 
 nut, ash and Cottonwood on the prairies. The soil is fertile, and produces 
 wheat, corn, oats and potatoes abundantly ; the climate is decidedly healthful, 
 and the whole county is well watered by the Maquoketa and AVapsipinicon 
 Rivers, wdiich traverse it in a southeasterly direction, and are fed by numerous 
 tributaries. Good orchards of apples, cherries and wild plums are abundant, 
 and other fruits are liberally produced in all parts of the county. Grapes, 
 especially, are abundantly produced at small expense, and are destined to 
 become an important product. The people are chiefly engaged in agriculture 
 and stock-raising, and considerable attention is given to the dairy business, the 
 products of the latter having largely increased during the last four or five 
 years. A goodly number of cheese-factories and creameries are in a flourish- 
 ing condition, and considerable attention is paid to the raising of fine horses 
 and blooded stock. 
 
 Coal is' not to be found, but the quarries of building-stone are the best in 
 the State, fully equal in quality to the celebrated building-stone at Joliet, 111., 
 and much more easily obtained. Lead has been discovered in small quantities 
 in the eastern part of the county, but not in sufficient quantities to pay for 
 working. 
 
 The general productiveness of the county is equal to any portion of the 
 State. The inhabitants are mostly Americans, and are an industrious and 
 frugal people. 
 
 The first settlers located at Bowen's Prairie and at Monticello in 1836, in 
 Fairview and Clay Townships in 1837 and at Anamosa in 1838. Wyoming, 
 Rome, Jackson, Wayne, etc., were settled at about the same time, and some of 
 them before 1838. 
 
 The facts herein recorded have been obtained from the old settlers them- 
 selves, from papers published in the county and from the county records. 
 
 GEOLOGY. 
 
 We are indebted to His Honor, Mayor Amos V. Eaton, of Anamosa, for the 
 following in reference to the geology of the county. Mayor Eaton is quite an 
 
 A 
 
324 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 industrious student of the natural history of the county and State, and has 
 succeeded, through his own efforts, in collecting and arranging a valuable 
 cabinet, comprising all the important specimens of this portion of the State, and 
 many valuable specimens from other portions of the United States and the 
 Canadas : 
 
 The geological formation of Jones County is almost wholly within the 
 Upper Silurian age and the Niagara period. The Devonian laps over upon a 
 small portion of Greenfield Township. The Upper Silurian exposure in the 
 State is something in the shape of a pyramid, with its base of about fifty miles 
 in width on the Mississippi River, and includes the county of Clinton and a 
 larf^e portion of the counties of Jackson and Scott, tapering to a width of not 
 more than four or five miles on the Minnesota line, in Howard County, with a 
 leno-th of 160 miles, extending northwest and southeast. The thickness of the 
 formation is set down at 350 feet. 
 
 In the early surveys of the State, the Niagara period was divided into the 
 Niagara and the Le Claire epochs or formations ; but subsequent surveys and 
 examinations determined the fact that it properly all belongs to the Niagara 
 epoch. The rock of the formation is a magnesia limestone, and, in an economic 
 view, one of the most important in the State. Prof. White makes the state- 
 ment that it affords the- best and greatest amount of quarry rock of any forma- 
 tion in the State of Iowa. Wherever this rock is exposed in Jones County, it 
 furnishes a great abundance of material for the common uses of the inhabitants. 
 The exposure of this stone near Anamosa is of such wonderful regularity in the 
 stratification and such uniformity of texture that the stone can be wrought into 
 any desired shape or size with little expense. Some of the stone come from 
 their beds as smooth and even as though they had been run through a planing- 
 machine, not requiring the touch of the chisel. Another very fortunate thing, 
 there are no intervening strata of clay or other material to impede the labors 
 of the quarrymen. This stone weighs about one hundred and fifty pounds per 
 cubic foot, getting a little heavier as you go down the quarry. The strength 
 and durability of the stone has been tested under all manner of conditions for 
 years, and it is all that could be reasonably expected of a limestone. Exposure 
 to the atmosphere improves it, making it harder. The analysis of the stone, 
 as given by Prof. White in his report, is as follows : 
 
 Insoluble in acid .72 
 
 Ftrrous and ferric acid -23 
 
 Calcium carbonate 57.32 
 
 Magnesium 41.21 
 
 Moisture 31 
 
 09.70 
 One noteworthy fiict, geologically, in relation to these special quarries, is 
 that there is hardly any fossil remains to be found in them, Avhile they are 
 quite abundant in other places not far away. A few traces of coral are found, 
 and a formation that has not been determined as yet, although examined by 
 some eminent geologists. They are about one-half inch long and as large as a 
 knitting-needle ; and, as far as can be seen, they are exactly alike and often 
 occur in ihnumerable numbers, in a single slab of stone. The impression is 
 more often seen, however, and indeed it is not certain whether they are fossils 
 at all or not. A flint nodule of very beautiful structure is found, being many 
 times found in layers of strata, and furnishing very unique cabinet specimens. 
 Pockets containing quartz and lime crystals frequently occur that are elegant 
 in appearance. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 325' 
 
 The surface soil of Jones County is composed of what is termed drift and 
 alluvial soils, the former largely predominating, as the flood-plane or bottom- 
 land of the rivers is not great. Prof White estimates that 95 per cent of the 
 land in Iowa is tillable, and Jones County is quite equal to the average. If 
 Prof. White's estimate of the State is not exaggerated, there is probably no- 
 other area of territory of the extent (55,000 square miles) in the world, that 
 can furnish as good and as large a per cent of tillable land as the State of 
 Iowa. 
 
 The soil of the county possesses the ingredients and depth to make it inex- 
 haustible with fair dealing, and insuring its inhabitants an agricultural wealth 
 forever. 
 
 There is enough of good brick clay in the county to furnish its inhabitants 
 with brick for all time to come. And there is sand enough along the streams, 
 that has been sifted from the soil by the action of the water, to furnish the 
 requisite quantity for building purposes, and an endless amount of stone that 
 makes good (quick) lime. 
 
 The county is almost destitute of minerals as far as known ; a few isolated 
 specimens of iron ore have been found, and traces of iron in the rock material 
 are sometimes seen. As the Silurian age is below the coal formations, it would 
 be useless to look for coal in the county. 
 
 The paleontology, or fossil remains, of Jones County has been almost 
 wholly neglected or overlooked by the State geologists, in their surveys and 
 reports, and very little has been written upon the subject; and while we can- 
 not claim as much of interest in this direction as many counties of the State^ 
 still there is abundance of material to interest the geologist. The Silurian 
 formation is one of extreme age. Some geologists of authority have put it 
 down as having taken millions of years in its formation. And as it was- 
 the first in which life began to show itself on the globe — life in the simplest 
 form — it is called the age of mollusks, because they are so predominant. 
 The word mollusk means soft, and the animals are composetl of a soft^ 
 fleshy bag, containing a very simple digestive apparatus. Many of them 
 are without eyes, and are generally covered with a shell as a means of 
 protection. The clam, snail and oyster are familiar examples of this class^ 
 now living ; but many of the fossils now found are the remains of species 
 now extinct. 
 
 IIo"^ever, the fossil remains of this county are composed quite as largely of 
 the class called radiates, which are quite as simple in structure, and might be 
 called the stepping-stone from the vegetable to the animal kingdom. The 
 corals and crinoids are examples of this class. 
 
 Much of the rock exposure in the county is nearly destitute of fossils^ 
 while in others they are very numerous. The following are the more common 
 ones found in Jones County : 
 
 Several species of the favosites corals (honeycomb corals) are very numer- 
 ous ; two or three species of halysitcs (chain corals) ; a number of sijringorop- 
 ora (pipe coral); cyatJioplLylloid ; stromatapora ; chonophyUum (cup coral) and 
 helioiites. 
 
 All the above are found in one locality along the Maquoketa River, a few 
 miles east of Monticello, in such quantities that Avagon-loads may be gathered 
 of those that lie loose on the surface of the bluffs. 
 
 Other species of corals are found in various parts of the county, that are 
 more rare, and many that seem to be peculiar to this formation. Two species^ 
 at least, of pentameroiis are occasionally found, but are much more numerous 
 
326 HISTORY OF JOXES COUNTV. 
 
 over the line in Linn County. Crinoid remains are very common in many 
 places. 
 
 One locality near Anamosa, on the Wapsipinicon River, at Doan's Mill, 
 the stone is entirely made up of them, but it is so rotten and fragmentary in 
 character that complete specimens are obtained with difficulty. Enough of 
 comparatively perfect crinoid heads have been found to identify several species. 
 The stone is sufficiently made up of thera to justly entitle it to the name of 
 crinoid limestone. 
 
 Fossil shells are not numerous, but several species, both of the bivalve and 
 univalve, have been found. 
 
 Trilobites are very rare in this county, although in some of the Silurian 
 formations they are numerous; 500 species of this crustacean once existed, all 
 of Avhich are now extinct. (Dana.) 
 
 During this season, a point of rocks has been opened near the iron bridge 
 across the Buffalo at Fisherville, v/here the trilobites are quite numerous. The 
 quarryraen inform me they found at least 100 in number, and that they only 
 occur in one or two strata, as far as j^et developed. Only three other ones have 
 been found in the county, to my knowledge. 
 
 Several ammonites have been found, but they are also rare ; 900 species of 
 these animals once existed and are now extinct. (Dana.) 
 
 Several species of the orthoceras and also of the ormoceras are met with, 
 although they are not often found complete. 
 
 Specimens of so-called iron-stone and agatized flint are often found, and, 
 indeed, the flint formations of the county often take on a wonderful variety of 
 forms and fantastic shapes. The variety called the jasper is frequently found. 
 Specimens of what is termed forest rock are sometimes found in the quar- 
 ries, and are thought by some to be fossil ferns. It is simply a precipitate 
 of oxide of manganese. Fossils of the vegetable kingdom are not found 
 to any extent whatever. A few pieces of petrified wood have been found 
 along the streams, but they are evidently foreign, and brought here by the 
 drift. 
 
 Much of that which is interesting to the student of natural history might 
 be written in reference to the geology of Jones County, but the subject has 
 not attracted sufficiently the attention of the inhabitants to warrant any- 
 thing further in a county history. The geology of Jones County affords 
 abundant opportunity to those of her citizens who may desire to gain a practi- 
 cal knowledge of a subject that has entirely revolutionized the thinking world 
 during the past half-century. 
 
 COUNTY ORGANIZATION. 
 
 The county of Jones was named and its boundaries designated at the session 
 of the Wisconsin Legislature held at Burlington in the winter of 1837-38. At 
 that time, the country now included in the State of Iowa belonged to, or was 
 a part of, the Territory of Wisconsin. There wei'e but two counties west of 
 the Mississippi River in 1836 — Des Moines and Dubuque. During the meet- 
 ing of the first Territorial Legislature, in 1836-37, Des Moines County was 
 subdivided, and, at the meeting of 1837-38, Dubuque County was lessened by 
 the creation of Clayton, Fayette, Delaware, Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, 
 Clinton and Cedar Counties. Gen. George W. Jones, of Dubuque, at that 
 time represented the Territory of Wisconsin in Congress. In his honor was 
 the county, whose history we write, named. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 327 
 
 Only a part of these counties were organized at that time. Jackson County 
 was equipped with an Organizing Sheriff in the person of William A. Warren, 
 of Bellevue. He was also, in a limited sense, made the Sheriff of Jones and 
 Linn Counties ; and, for matters of court jurisdiction, Bellevue was, during 
 1838 and a part of 1839, the capital of Jones and Linn Counties. An election 
 precinct was designated in each of these, and the report of votes sent to 
 Bellevue. 
 
 The first Territorial Legislature, after the separation of Iowa from AYiscon- 
 sin, met in Burlington November 12, 1838. During the session, the county o£ 
 Jones was organized. 
 
 The act passed by the Legislature to organize the county of Jones was as^- 
 follows : 
 
 Section 1. Be it enacted by the Council and IIouu of Representatives of the Territory of 
 Iowa, That the county of Jones be, and the same is hereby, organized from and after the 1st 
 day of June next, and the inhabitants of said county be entitled to all the rights and privileges 
 to which, by law, the inhabitants of other organized counties of this Territory are entitled ; and 
 the said county s4iall be a part of the Third Judicial District, and the District Court shall be 
 held at the seat of justice in said county, or such other place as may be provided until the 
 seat of justice is established. 
 
 Sec. 2. That Simeon Gardner, of Clinton County; Israel Mitchell, of Linn County, and 
 William H. Whitesides, of Dubuque County, be, and they are hereby, appointed Commissioners 
 to locate the seat of justice in said county, and shall meet at the house of Thomas Denson on the 
 second Monday of March next, in said county, and shall proceed forthwith to examine and 
 locate a suitable place for the seat of justice of said county, having particular reference to the 
 convenience of the county and healthfulness of the location. 
 
 Sec. 3. The Commissioners, or a majority of them, shall, within ten days after their 
 meeting at the aforesaid place, make out and certify to the Governor of this Territory, under 
 their hands and seals, a certificate containing a parti6ular description of the location selected 
 for the aforesaid county seat ; and, on receipt of such certificate, the Governor shall issue his- 
 proclamation affirming and declaring the said location to be the seat of justice of the said county 
 of Jones. 
 
 Sec. 6. The Commissioners aforesaid shall receive, upon making out their certificate of the 
 location of the seat of justice of saiid county, each, §3 p^er day, and also |3 for every twenty 
 miles going to and returning from their respective homes. 
 
 Sec. 7. Upon the presentation of the certificate aforesaid to the Treasurer of Jones 
 County, the Treasurer is hereby authorized and required to pay the respective sums allowed by 
 this act out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated. 
 
 Approved January 24, 1839. 
 
 It seems that these men failed to carry out the provisions of this act, and 
 we find the county seat not to have been located until the following year, or 
 1840. In the Legislature of 1839-40, three other Commissioners were 
 appointed, as follows : Thomas M. Isett, of Muscatine County ; John G. 
 McDonald, of Jackson County, and Franklin Moffat, of Delaware County. 
 The probability is that only two of these men served the appointment. We . 
 find by the County Commissioners' books that at the July meeting, 1840, Isett 
 and McDonald received $51 and $36, respectively, for their services in locating 
 the county seat. Col. Thomas Cox, of Bellevue, was the surveyor. 
 
 The first election of county officers took place in the fall of 1839. 
 
 Of the County Commissioners elected on this occasion, only two appeared 
 at the recorded meetings of the Board — Thomas Denson and Charles P. Hut- 
 ton. We have been informed that the third Commissioner was H. G. Seeley. 
 
 William Hutton was the first Clerk of the Commissioners' Court. Hugh 
 Bowen was the first Sheriff of Jones County. Clark Joslin was the first 
 Recorder. 
 
 There were three polling places at the election of 1839, and were said tc 
 have been three precincts — Bowen Prairie, Walnut Fork and Farm Creek. 
 
328 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 The Judges of the election of" 18-39 were Orvill Cronkhite, Eli Brown, I. H. 
 Simpson, William Clark, James Ilutton and J. C. Raffet3\ The Clerks 
 were Thomas S. Denson, George H. Brown and D. G. Morgan. 
 
 It ivill be borne in mind that an election had been held in September, 1838, 
 or one year previous, for the purpose of electing Representatives to the Iowa 
 Legislature. This was in the cabin of Barrett Whittemore. Only eleven votes 
 were cast, and a Representative, R. G. Roberts, was elected from Cedar, Jones, 
 Johnson and Linn. 
 
 The first recorded meeting of the Commissioners' Court was held February 
 3, 1840. Their first act was to appoint Hugh Bowen Assessor in the place of 
 Daniel Chaplin, who refused to serve. 
 
 George Mefford presented a petition for a certain county road. 
 
 It was ordered that the regular meeting of the Board should be held there- 
 after at the house of Donald Sutherland and until further ordered. 
 
 The Commissioners mentioned above as locating the county seat made their 
 report in favor of the northeast quarter of Section 36, Township 85, Range 3 
 west, where they laid out a town and named it Edinburg. 
 
 An act of Congress provided that, as each new county Avas organized, the 
 United States Government would grant to the County Commissioners a quarter- 
 section on which the county seat should be located. Accordingly, we find from 
 the book of original entries, that on June 20, 1840, Thomas S. Denson and 
 Charles P. Hutton, as Commissioners of Jones County, claimed the quarter- 
 section above mentioned, being the northeast quarter of Section 36 in what is 
 now Wa3'ne Township. This was within half a mile of the geographical center 
 of Jones County, and its central location was the argument which secured for 
 it the honor of being the first seat of justice. 
 
 The day after Edinburg was laid out. Col. Thomas Cox, at the solicitation 
 of J. D. Walworth, came to the present location of Anamosa and laid out a 
 town which was called Dartmouth. This Avas never recorded, and of course 
 came to naught. 
 
 The first tax levy was made July 6, 1840. being 5 mills on each dollar of tax- 
 able property in the county of Jones, and a poll tax of 50 cents upon each voter. 
 
 We find that Nov. 5, 1840, Clement Russell paid into the county treasury 
 $25, for the privilege of keeping a grocery. 
 
 To those who have not been upon the border, it may be a question why gro- 
 cerymen in a new country should be so heavily taxed. The initiated will under- 
 stand that a frontier grocery was simply a saloon of the lowest character, where 
 wlnsky was the only article on sale, and which could be obtained at a reasonable 
 price, in any quantity from a glassful to a barrel. 
 
 The census of 1838 revealed a population of 241. In 1840, this number 
 had increased to 475. 
 
 ELECTION PRECINCTS. 
 
 At a meeting of the County Commissioners, July G, 1840, Jones County 
 was divided into four precincts for electoral purposes, as follows : 
 
 Walnut Precinct, comprising Townships 8l> and 84, in Ranges 1, 2 and 3 
 west of the Fifth Principal Meridian. 
 
 Buffalo Fork Precinct, comprising Townships 83 and 84, Range 4 west. 
 
 Bowen Prairie Precinct, comprising Congressional Township 86, Ranges 2, 
 3 and 4, and Township 85, Ranges 3 and 4. 
 
 Farm ^reek Precinct, comprising Township 85 and 86, Range 1, and Town- 
 ship 85, Range 2. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 329 
 
 The civil partition of Jones County in 1840, might, therefore, be represented 
 as follows : 
 
 
 BOWKN PKAIRIE. 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 FARM 
 
 Mervlian. 
 
 O 
 C 
 < 
 
 P 
 P3 
 
 .a, 
 WALNUT. 
 
 E.VNOES IV, 
 
 III, 
 
 II, 
 
 The Judges of Elections appointed at the time of organizing the precincts 
 Tvere : 
 
 For Bowen Prairie — William Dalton, William Clark and Charles Johnson. 
 Election to be held at the house of Joseph E. Green. 
 
 For Walnut — Moses Garrison, Isaac H. Simpson and 0. Cronkhite. Elec- 
 tion to be held at the house of Norman Seeley. 
 
 For Buffalo Fork — John G. Joslin, Clement Russel and G. H. Ford. 
 Election to be held at the house of Clement Russell. 
 
 For Farm Creek — Jacob Peet, Hezekiah Winchell and John E. Lovejoy. 
 Election to be held at the house of Abraham Hostetter. 
 
 Bowen Prairie Precinct was made Road District No. 1, with Franklin 
 Dalbey, Supervisor; Buffalo, No. 2, with Clark Joslin, Supervisor; Walnut, 
 No. 3, with John Merritt, Supervisor, and Farm Creek, No. 4, with George 
 Mefford as Supervisor. 
 
 TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION. 
 
 At the meeting of the County Commissioners' Court, July 5, 1842, it was 
 rosolved to organize the county into townships, which should have their regu- 
 lar township officers and town government. The precincts were accordingly 
 changed into townships, without altering the boundaries. 
 
330 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Rome was organized as a township July 5, 18J:2, with the same bounda- 
 ries as Walnut Precinct, given above, the first township election to be held at 
 the residence of N. B. Seeley. 
 
 Fairvieiu was organized as. a township July 5, 1842, with the same bounda- 
 ries as BuflFalo Fork Precinct, given above. 
 
 WasJdngton was organized as a township July 5, 1842, with the same 
 boundaries as Farm Creek'' Precinct, given above. 
 
 Richland was organized as a township July 5, 1842, with the same boun- 
 daries as Bowen Prairie Precinct, given above. 
 
 CIctT/ was organized as a township April 3, 1844, including what is now 
 known as Wyoming, that part of the present township of Clay which is south 
 of the Maquoketa River, all of Scotch Grove Township south of the river, and 
 a strip about one mile in width upon the eastern border of Wayne Township, 
 extending north, through Monticello, until it touched the river. The first 
 election was held at the house of John Sutherland. 
 
 Monticello was organized as a township June 10, 1847, from Richland 
 Township, and included all of that town south of the Maquoketa River, being 
 most of the territory now occupied by Monticello, Wayne, Cass and Castle 
 Grove. 
 
 Greenfield was organized as a township with its present boundaries, being 
 separated from Fairview, and corresponding to Congressional Township 83, 
 Range 4. 
 
 The townships now known as Cass and Wayne were separated from Monti- 
 cello and attached to' Fairview April 21, 1848. 
 
 ffale was organized as a township in July, 1851, and included the present 
 towns of Hale and Oxford, which were on that date separated from Rome. The 
 first township election was held at the house of Joseph Bumgarner. 
 
 Jackson was organized as a township in July, 1851, and included the 
 present towns of Madison and Jackson, which were on that date separated 
 from Rome. The first township election was held at the house of Chas. Beam. 
 
 Oass was separated from Fairfield and organized as a township, with its 
 present boundaries, March 1, 1852. The first election was at the house of W. 
 J. Beaks. 
 
 Wyoming was separated from Clay Township February 8, 1854, and organ- 
 ized, with its present boundaries, under the name of Pierce Township, which 
 was, a couple of years later, changed to Wyoming. The first election Avas at 
 the house of William Stuart. 
 
 Castle Grove was separated from Monticello and organized, with its present 
 boundaries, January 1, 1855. 
 
 At the same date, Monticello Township was extended across the river to 
 the northern boundary of the county, corresponding to its present boundary, 
 and including what had formerly belonged to Richland Township. 
 
 Madison Township was organized, with its present boundaries, Jan. 1, 1855. 
 
 Scotch Grove was separated from Clay and organized as a township, with 
 its present boundaries, in February, 1855. The first election was held at a 
 schoolhouse. 
 
 Oxford was separated from Hale Township and organized, with its present 
 boundaries, in March, 1855. The first election was at the house of John 
 Bryan. 
 
 Wayne was set oif from Fairview Township and organized, with its present 
 boundaries, March 5, 1856. The first election was held at the house of 0. G. 
 Scrivens. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 331 
 
 It will be observed that the last township was not formed until some six- 
 teen years after the organization of the county, and that certain districts 
 belonged, at different periods, to quite a number of different towns. Wayne 
 Township, for instance, had belonged to Richland, Monticello and Fairview 
 previous to its organization as an independent town. Each township now cor- 
 responds to the Congressional numbering, rendering the political geography of 
 the county as simple as a chessboard. 
 
 THE FIRST COURT. 
 
 The first court held in Jones County was presided over by Judge Thomas 
 S. Wilson, and was in session at Edinburg, the first county seat, March 22, 
 1841. 
 
 The grand jurors on that occasion were as follows: Moses Collins, Thomas 
 Dickson, Charles Johnson, B. J3eardsley, William Clark, Jackson Peak, Isaac 
 H. Simpson, T. Crook, L. A. Simpson, Orvill Cronkhite, Joseph II. Merritt, 
 S. L Dunham, H. Winchell, I. Tate, M. Lupton, J. C. Raffety, David Kill- 
 ham, A. Hostetter, John G. Joslin, G. II. Ford, Henry Booth, C. C Reed, 
 Ambrose Parsons. 
 
 The petit jurors were F. Dalbey, Joshua Johnson, G. B. Laughlin, Barrett 
 Whittemore, J. E. Greene, Daniel Vance, Richard Cleveland, I. Merritt, Moses 
 Garrison, Alexander Staney, Jacob Cornwall, Benjamin Chaplin, J. E. Love- 
 joy, P. H, Turner, W. H. Jones, Alvin Winchell, Harry Hargodem, 0. Delong, 
 C. Russell, James Spencer, George H. Brown, Clark Joslin, Eli Brown, 
 George H. Walworth. 
 
 The only indictment found by the grand jury is recorded as follows: 
 
 UNITED STATES] 
 
 vs. y 
 
 Robert Snowden. J 
 
 Indictment for assault to commit great bodily injury. A true bill. 
 
 Two cases came up for hearing, both being by appeal from Justices' Courts. 
 One was dismissed, and the other continued until the next session of court. 
 The first court continued two days. The petit jury was not called. 
 
 The next court was held in September, 1841. 
 
 We find no record of a term of court from September, 1845, till May, 
 1847. During this time, the county seat was at Newport. In May, 1.847, 
 Judge Wilson presided at Edinburg, and in September, 1847, at Lexington. 
 
 commissioners' ACTS. 
 
 In April, 1841, we find $6 appropriated to Donald Sutherland for rent of 
 rooms in which the County Board had held its meetings. 
 
 Henry Hopkins was the first Prosecuting Attorney, and was allowed $34 
 for his services, at the meeting of the Board in March, 1842. 
 
 October 3, 1842, was approved the Territorial road from Dubuque to 
 Marion, on that portion of it which was included in Jones County. James 
 Butler and P. Scott Avere the Commissioners appointed by the Legislature ta 
 view the same. 
 
 The first licensed ferry of which we have record was granted Adam Over- 
 acker, across the Wapsipinicon at Newport. This license was for the consid- 
 eration of $2, continued for one year from April 13, 1847. A two-horse 
 vehicle was charged 25 cents; one-horse, 12| cents; footman, 6|- cents, etc. 
 
332 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 In order to fund the increasing floating indebtedness, and to maintain the 
 county warrants as near par as possible, it was ordered, October 7, 1850, that 
 the Clerk of Commissioners' Court issue bonds of the county, bearing 10 per 
 cent interest, duo in five years, the bonds to be for $50 each, and not to exceed 
 forty in number. These bonds were to be issued to any one who would present 
 the Treasurer's receipt for the amount of their face. 
 
 In 1851-52, various State roads were surveyed and platted, among which 
 were highways from Anaraosa to Bellevue; Anamosa to Garnavillo ; Clayton 
 County; Cascade, by way of Canton, to Maquoketa ; Cascade to Garry Owen ; 
 Denson's Ferry to the house of Thomas McNally ; Anamosa to the Davenport 
 and Marion road ; Anamosa to Camanche ; Fairview to Tipton. 
 
 COUNTY SEAT QUESTIONS. 
 
 Almost every Western county has found the location of a permanent seat 
 of justice a vexatious problem. In this respect, Jones County has not been an 
 exception. 
 
 The Commissioners appointed by the Legislature for the purpose of choos- 
 ing a site for the county seat fixed upon a spot one-half mile north of the 
 geographical center of the county, as has been elsewhere related. The town 
 here laid out received the name of Edinburg. As yet, we cannot say with 
 
 Burns : ,< t.^- , o .• , i ,■ 
 
 " tdma ! Scotia s darling seat ! 
 
 All hail thy palaces and towers ! " 
 
 The palaces and towers did not grow. The soil was obstinate. A 
 quagmire was its only park ; the wild prairie its only scenery. A visitor thus 
 describes it: 
 
 "Edinburg was a city of grass. Its streets run in all directions. In fact, 
 it was all street. You could wander over its entire extent without getting 
 sight of a single wall, brick, stone or wood. The earth below and the blue 
 vault above were the only signs that the place was intended for human habita- 
 tion ; and, as all cities require ornament of some kind, a bounteous nature had 
 planted there and reared a few scattering trees. Such was Edinburg in the 
 summer of 1840." 
 
 A log cabin Avas erected as a Court House, commodious in si/e for the sparse 
 population of Jones County in that day, in which Judge Wilson dispensed the 
 justice meted out to Territorial settlers by the Federal Court. In April, 1841, 
 we find, by the Commissioners' record, that E. Sutherland was allowed $140 
 for building this primitive capitol building, and, a few months later, James 
 Spencer appears as claimant for $50 on account of work done in rendering 
 comfortable this same building. 
 
 Another log cabin was erected by William Hutton, who T^'as, at that time. 
 Commissioners' Clerk, as well as Clerk of the District Court. This cabin was 
 occupied as a dry-goods store and grocery, especially the latter, which was 
 stocked mostly with "corn juice." The store, not proving a profitable invest- 
 ment, was soon abandoned, and the same enterprising Clerk erected a two-story 
 frame hotel, Avhere he might entertain the Judge, jury and witnesses by night 
 after recording their doings by day. This hotel is said to have been furnished 
 with nothing save a few chairs ; a sheet-iron parlor stove ; the public table made 
 of two rough boards laid lengthwise ; and by way of night's lodging, a load or 
 two of nice prairie hay, cut a few hours previously, and pitched into the upper 
 windows. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 333 
 
 Edinburg appears to have had no advantages over a dozen other places, 
 save its central position. It manifested no signs of growth, and the people 
 became rapidly dissatisfied. Other towns were growing up in the county, and 
 it was but natural that the pioneers should prefer going to some settlement 
 when they visited the county seat, instead of journeying out into the wilder- 
 ness. ISo county officer made it his residence throughout the year. William 
 Hutton, the Clerk, lived at Farm Creek. The Recorder was to be found at 
 Fairview, and probate business received attention at Cascade. This state of 
 affaii'S bred discontent. Nobody was satisfied, not even the county officers 
 themselves. Finally, a petition was sent to the Legislature for relief, and a 
 bill was passed in that body, providing that the Commissioners of Jones County 
 should assemble and name two places to be voted upon by the citizens, deciding 
 in that way their choice for county seat. 
 
 February 28, 1846, the Commissioners held a special meeting at the house 
 of George G. Banghart for that purpose. By a species of playing into one 
 another's hands, now commonly known as log-rolling, the Commissioners 
 arranged matters to suit the individual preferences, and named the point now 
 known as Newport, and a place adjoining Cascade, on the south side of the 
 river. The latter was on the corner of the county, on the line, and between 
 the two places. Newport received the majority of the votes. The result was 
 viewed' rather in the light of a joke. There was a solitary dwelling where 
 Newport was to be laid out, the cabin of Adam Overacker. 
 
 May 11, 1846, the County Commissioners held their first meeting at the 
 new seat of justice. The ground on which Newport was located was given to 
 the county by Adam Overacker, being a ten-acre tract described as Lot 2, Sec- 
 tion 33, Township 84, Range 3 west. Here the town was duly platted, and 
 in July, at Sheriff's sale, twenty-eight lots were sold in behalf of the county. 
 The proceeds of this sale aggregated $300.12, or an average of less than $11 
 per lot. The highest price paid was $26 by Levi Cronkhite. 
 
 Preparations were made here for the erection of a log court house, and some 
 of the timbers were placed on the ground, but nothing was ever done toward 
 its completion. The Commissioners rented a room from Adam Overacker for 
 their meeting, and made arrangements with him to supply rooms to accommo- 
 date the court at the proper season. 
 
 When Judge Wilson reached the spot, and found there Avas no place pre- 
 pared for holding court, save in a room of the log shanty ; saw no other house 
 in the vicinity, and nought in view save trees and waving prairie-grass, he got 
 into his buggy and drove off to his home in Dubuque. No term of court was 
 held during the time the county seat was at Newport. The result of the elec- 
 tion which fixed upon Newport was generally looked upon as a joke. It satis- 
 fied no one except Adam Overacker, and was much less suited to the needs of 
 the county than Edinburg. As soon as possible, the assistance of the Legisla- 
 ture was again called in, and privilege was granted by that body to vote for a 
 county seat, according to their own inclinations. If this election should not 
 show a majority for any one point, a second election should be held, in which 
 the two places having the greatest number of votes in the first election should 
 be the only ones in the field. 
 
 On the first election, in the spring of 1847, five points were returned, viz.: Lex- 
 ington, Newport, Rome, Monticello and Scotch Grove. No votes were given to 
 Edinburg. Newport and Lexington stood highest, and in the second contest, about 
 two weeks later, a victory resulted in favor of Lexington, whose name was after- 
 ward changed by authority of Judge Wilson, of the District Court, to Anamosa. 
 
334 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 After the election, the Commissioners met June 10, 1847, at Edinburg. 
 Thev adjourned till 7 o'clock, June 11, when they immediately took a recess 
 to meet at 1 o'clock in the afternoon at Lexington. We might, therefore, say 
 that this town became the county seat between 7 A. M. and 1 P. M., June 11, 
 1847. The house of G. H. Ford was temporarily secured for court purposes 
 and the transaction of county business. 
 
 Lexington had been surveyed by R. J. Cleveland June 18, 1846, with 
 Mahan & Crock well as proprietors. It was replatted, Avith provision for a pub- 
 lic square, in June, 1847, by H. Mahan, John D. Crockwell and G. IL Ford, 
 who, in accordance Avith a previous pledge, donated to the county of Jones fifty 
 lots of the new town and a public square. Of these lots, forty-eight were sold 
 at the July term of the Commissioners' Board, realizing to the county $725. 
 
 The contract for building a two-story frame court house was let to G. H. 
 Ford at $800. This building was 30x40 feet, and could not have been built at 
 so low a price had it not been that most of the necessary material was already 
 donated to the county. This court house was first occupied January 3, 
 1848. 
 
 Various attempts have been made in later years to remove the county seat 
 from Anamosa to a more central locality. 
 
 In the vote of April 6, 1857, a contest was waged between Anamosa and 
 Madison, with a result of 1,024 to 717 in favor of the former. 
 
 In the following year, an attempt to remove the seat of justice to the north- 
 east quarter of Section 1, Jackson Township, failed of a majority by 33 
 votes. The ballot stood 1,278 to 1,245. 
 
 In October, 1874, the people were called upon to decide between Anamosa 
 and Center Junction. The contest was a bitter one, and not without some 
 fear on the 'part of the friends of Anamosa. The latter, however, were 
 successful by a vote of 1,993 to 1,592. 
 
 The court house above mentioned, as built by G. H. Ford in 1847, was 
 useil by the county until 1864. Some brick offices had also been erected, 
 which stood, with the court house, down in the part known as the " old 
 town " of Anamosa. Though the old building did good service for the 
 county for some eighteen years, yet it was not free from the gnawings of 
 the "tooth of time," and we find, in the midwinter meeting of the Board 
 of Supervisors, the following resolutions offered : 
 
 WiiKREAS, H. C. Metcalf has generously offered to Jones County suitable rooms for county 
 ofi&ces and a commodious hall in which to hold the District Court, for the term of two years 
 free of rent, with the privilege of using the same three years longer for such rent as the Board 
 of Supervisors may see tit to allow, and 
 
 Whereas, The ruinous and dilapidated condition of the building known as the Jones 
 County Court House, now only renders it a tit habitation for bats and owls, and as we, the rep- 
 resentatives of .Tones County, do not desire longer to dispute possession with a class of tenants 
 whose claims are vastly superior to ours, therefore 
 
 Resolved, That this Hoard accept said proposition and order a removal of the public records 
 as soon as said Metcalf shall make to the county a lease of the aforesaid rooms, in accordance 
 with the conditions above stated. 
 
 This resolution was finally adopted on the sixth day of the term, January, 
 1864. The old Court House was sold at auction November 15, 1864, to E. 
 B. Alderman for $250, and was moved up town. 
 
 The rooms rented of Mr. Metcalf were occupied free of rent for two years, 
 when they were leased at the rate of $250 per year. The county offices 
 remained here until the fall of 1871, when they were removed to their present 
 location in Shaw's new block. The court room was removed to Lehmkuhl's 
 Block in January, 1871, the hall in Metcalf 's building being inadequate to 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 335 
 
 the needs of the county. For three years, the county rented the rooms occu- 
 pied by the county. During the time of the contest for the county seat between 
 Center Junction and Anamosa, the latter city in its corporate capacity appro- 
 priated $3,000 and private citizens subscribed |2,000 more, with which amount 
 and $1,000 additional pledged, the entire second floor of Shaw's Block and 
 the Auditor's office on the first floor were purchased and conveyed to the 
 county of Jones, to belong to said county so long as they were occupied for 
 county and court purposes. In the event that the county seat is removed from 
 Anamosa, these rooms are to revert to their former owners, the city and citizens 
 of Anamosa. 
 
 THE COUNTY JAIL. 
 
 Previous to the summer of 1864, Jones County was without a jail. Few 
 of her people seemed to have a desire to occupy such a structure, and there 
 was little need for one. In October, 1863, was submitted to the people the 
 question of building a Court House and Jail, and was defeated by a vote of 
 1,348 to 656. In the following June, a petition was presented to the Board of 
 Supervisors, asking an appropriation for the purpose of building a jail alone. 
 The matter being referred to a committee, they presented a report recommend- 
 ing "that the county appropriate the sum of $2,000 for said purpose, provided 
 the grounds on which to build the same are donated and deeded in fee simple 
 to the county. Said $2,000 to be expen(|ed as set forth in said petition, under 
 the charge of a competent committee to be appointed by the Chairman of this 
 Board, and that no part of the aforesaid $2,000 shall be drawn from the 
 county, nor shall the contract for building said jail be let, until the said com- 
 mittee certify to the Clerk of this Board that the citizens have subscribed and 
 paid unto said committee the sum of $1,000, and that said committee proceed 
 to select the grounds and erect said jail as soon as possible." The report was 
 adopted, and Supervisors E. B. Alderman, T. 0. Bishop and C. T. Lamson 
 were appointed a committee to carry out the purpose of the report. 
 
 The present site was immediately selected, and at a meeting held in Ana- 
 mosa June 13, 1864, $620 was raised by subscription in about fifteen minutes. 
 Several days later, the full amount necessary was contributed and the jail 
 erected forthwith. 
 
 Jones County Jail is a two-story stone structure, about thirty feet square, 
 and containing three strong and secure stone cells. The remainder of the 
 building is occupied the jailer's apartment. A frame addition has likewise 
 been added to enlarge the dwelling portion. 
 
 The prison accommodations of the present building are not commensurate 
 with the needs of the county, and before many years the jail will from neces- 
 sity be enlarged or its place supplied by a more commodious structure. 
 
 COUNTY AND LEGISLATIVE OFFICERS. 
 
 We present, as a matter of reference, a roster of the officials whom Jones 
 County has been delighted to honor since its organization. This list was com- 
 piled with no small labor, and, in the absence of election records prior to 1852, 
 is not quite complete ; but it can be relied upon, we believe, so far as we have 
 ventured to give it. 
 
 The pioneers will remember that county affairs were first under the admin- 
 istration of a board of three County Commissioners, viz.: 
 . 1839, Thomas S. Denson, Charles P. Hutton and — . 
 
 1840, Thomas S. Denson, Charles P. Hutton and H. G. Seely. 
 
336 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 1841, Charles P. Hutton, H. G. Seely and Thomas S. Denson. 
 
 1842, H. G. Seely, George H. Brown and Charles P. Hutton. 
 184-3, Ambrose Parsons, Charles P. Hutton and AVilliam Dalton. 
 
 1844, William Dalton, Adam Kramar and Ambrose Parsons. 
 
 1845, William Dalton, George G. Banghart and Adam Kramar. 
 
 1846, Adam Kramar, M. H. Hutton and George G. Banghart. 
 
 1847, Washington Lamb, M. H. Hutton and George G. Banghart. 
 
 1848, Charles L. D. Crockwell, Washington Lamb and M. H. Hutton. 
 
 1849, C. L. D. Crockwell, Thomas McNally and Washington Lamb. 
 
 1850, Thomas McNally, Thomas Green and C L. D. Crockwell. 
 
 Clerks of Commissioners Court — 1841-44, William Hutton ; 1844-47, 
 Barrett Whittemore ; 1847-51, C. C. Rockwell. 
 
 In 1851, the management of county affairs passed into the hands of the 
 County Judge, an office created at that time by the State Legislature, in which 
 was vested, substantially, all the powers previously held by the Board of Com- 
 missioners. 
 
 County Judges — 1851-55, Joseph Mann ; 1855-57, G. C. Mudgett ; 
 1857-59, J. J. Huber ; 1859-61, William H. Holmes. 
 
 In January, 1861, the oflBce of County Judge was so modified as to have 
 jurisdiction only of probate and similar business. The administration of county 
 affairs passed into the hands of a Board of Supervisors, composed of one Super- 
 visor from each township. The Board had four regular meetings annually. 
 
 Supervisors — 1861, John Russell, W. H. Hickman, Thomas J. Peak, M. 
 C. Thompson, M. H. Nickisson, Philo Norton, D. N, Monroe, Daniel Leery, 
 H. T. Cunningham, William Leech, Thomas Green, John Decions, Benjamin 
 •Freeman, A. A. Reilly, William Hogg, Lawrence Schoonover. 
 
 1862, S. Hopkins, William H. Hickman, D. Graham, T. 0, Bishop, D. N. 
 Monroe, L. D. Brainard, Benjamin Freeman, A. A. Reilly, William Leech, 
 Thomas McNally, H. T. Cunningham, M. C. Thompson, P. G. Bonewitz, M. 
 C. Walters, John McLees, Philo Norton. 
 
 1863, P. G. Bonewitz, Philo Norton, Samuel H. Clark, M. C. Walters, J. 
 Tallmm, Joseph Apt, S. Hopkins, David Graham, Franklin Dalby, B. K. 
 Bronson, A. S. Hale, John Waite, Thomas McNally, John McLees, S. P. 
 Southwick, T. 0. Bishop. 
 
 1864, S. H. Clark, F. M. Hicks, P. G. Bonewitz, Franklin Dalby, John 
 Tallman, Joseph Apt, E. B. Alderman, B. K. Bronson, Philo Norton, A, S. 
 Hale, T. 0. Bishop, S. P. Southwick, James McDaniel, Leman Palmer, 
 Thomas McNally, John Waite. 
 
 1865, S. P. Southwick, A. S.'Hale, Leman Palmer. L. C. Niles, E. B. 
 Alderman, John Waite, W. H. Walworth, Franklin Dalby, John Thompson, 
 
 S. H. Clark, P. G. Bonewitz, Blakeslee, Thomas McNally, Joseph Apt, 
 
 James McDaniel, T. 0. Bishop. 
 
 1866, A. S. Hale, H. P. Southwick, J. W. Jenkins, E. B. Alderman, T. 
 0. Bishop, S. M. Johnson, L. C. Niles, John Waite, J. Thompson, S. H. 
 Clark, P. G. Bonewitz, W. T. Fordham, A. H. Marvin, Leman Palmer, Mich- 
 ael Kenny, F. Dawson. 
 
 1867," J. W. Jenkins, T. 0. Bishop, E. B. Alderman, S. M. Johnson, A. 
 H. Marvin, P. G. Bonewitz, H. Steward, W. T. Fordham, A. J. Dalby, A. 
 G. Pangburn, G. W. Lathrop, M. C. Thompson, William M. Starr, J. Suth- 
 erland, Francis Dawson, Michael Kenny. 
 
 1868, M. C Thompson, William M. Starr, E. E. Brown, Joseph Cool, T. 
 0. Bishop, A. J. Dalby, Anson Hayden, A. G. Pangburn, A. A. Reilly, 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 337 
 
 Francis Dawson, H. Steward, John Sutherland, Michael Kenny, R. G. Bone- 
 witz, W. T. Fordham, S. M. Yoran. 
 
 18G9, Hiram Steward, J. A. Crawford, John Wilson, E. E. Browne, H. C. 
 Metcalf, T. 0. Bishop, P. V. Farley, A. Hayden, A. G. Pangburn, S. M, 
 Yoran, A. A. Reilly, B. Connell, John Sutherland, Michael Kenny, P. G. 
 Bonewitz, John Tasker. 
 
 1870, George W. Lovell, J. A. Crawford, John Tasker, A. G. Pangburn, 
 David Grafft, J. S. Lathrop, Ezekiel Oliphant, Hiram Steward, M. C. Walters, 
 Peter V. Farley, D. Gardner, A. A. Reilly, John Sutherland, T. 0. Bishop, 
 Thomas McNally, H. C. Metcalf. 
 
 In 1870, the Supervisor system was changed so as to place the business in 
 the hands of three men, who should be chosen for a term of three years, from 
 the county at large, one new member entering each year, after the manner of 
 the former Commissioners. 
 
 1871, Hiram Steward, John Tasker, S. M. Yoran. 
 
 1872, A. G. Pangburn, S. M. Yoran, Hiram Steward. 
 
 1873, Hiram Steward, John Waite, S. M. Y'oran. 
 
 By vote of the electors of the county, it was carried, October,' 1872, to 
 increase the number of Supervisors to five. 
 
 1874, J. A. Crawford, Hiram Steward, G. G. Banghart, John Sutherland, 
 W^. J. Brainard. 
 
 1875, W. J. Brainard, J. A. Crawford, Joseph Cool, Hiram Steward, G. 
 G. Banghart. 
 
 1876, M. C. Thompson, F. Griswold, W. J. Brainard, S. H. Clark, G. G. 
 Banghart. 
 
 1877, S. H. Clark, M. C. Walters, M. C. Thompson, H. C. Freeman, F. 
 Griswold. 
 
 1878, F. Griswold, H. C. Freeman, M. C. Thompson, S. H. Clark, M. C. 
 Walters. 
 
 1879, M. C. Walters, S. H. Clark, H. C. Freeman, L. Schoonover, John 
 Bates. 
 
 Sheriffs — 1839-41, Hugh Brown; September, 1844-46, M. Q. Simpson; 
 September, 1846-50, G. B. Laughlin ; September, 1850-52, S. J. Dunham ; 
 April, 1852, to September, 1853, F. M. Hicks; September, 1853-57, Samuel 
 Lawrence; September, 1857, to January, 1860, N. S. Noble; January, 1860 
 -62, H. H. Metcalf; January, 1862-68,'David Kinert; January, 1868-74, 0. 
 B. Crane; January, 1874-76, A. J. Byerly; January, 1876, P. 0. Babcock, 
 the present incumbent. 
 
 Clerks of District Court — 1841-1^8, William Hutton ; September, 1848 
 -50, John D. Walworth; September, 1850-52, J. A. Secrist; September, 
 1852, to April, 1856, W. W. Wilson; April, 1856, to September, 1856, 
 David Kinert; September, 1856, to January, 1861, E. T. Mullett; January, 
 1861-67, G. P. Dietz; January, 1867-75, J. C. Deitz; January, 1875, B. 
 H. White, present incumbent. 
 
 Recorders — 1841-42, Clark Joslin; September, 1842-47, Edmond Booth; 
 September, 1847-49, William Sterling; September, 1849-51, Ira B. Ryan ; 
 September, 1851-53, Samuel T. Buxton ; September, 1853-57, Jonas J. 
 Huber; September, 1857, to January, 1860, F. S. McKean ; Januaiy, 1860- 
 Qc>, John D. Walworth; January, 1865-69, J. S. Perfect; January, 1869-75, 
 Richard' McDaniels ; January, 1875, R. L. Duer, present incumbent. 
 
 Treasurers — Prior to 1865, the Recorder performed the duties of TreaS' 
 urer. January, 1866-68, W. Cronkhite; January, 1868-74, L. Schoonover j 
 
388 HISTORY OF JONKS COUNTY. 
 
 January, 1874-76, J. H. Dickey; January, 1876, Thomas E. Patterson, 
 present incumbent. 
 
 Auditors — A portion of the Auditor's present duties were performed by 
 the County Judge from 1861 to 1870. The first Auditor was elected October, 
 1869; January, 1870-74, Charles Kline; January, 1874, Robert Poll, pres- 
 ent incumbent. 
 
 County Superintendents — This office was established in 1859. January, 
 1860-62, B. F. Shaw; January, 1862-64, H. D. Sherman; January, 1864- 
 66, D. Harper; January-, 1866-68, L. Carpenter; January, 1868-70, J. R. 
 Stillman; January, 1870-72, Alexander Hughes; January, 1872-74, E. B. 
 Champlin; January, 1874-76, G. 0. Johnson; January, 1876, 0. E. Aldrich, 
 the present incumbent. 
 
 Coroners — No record exists prior to 1851. September, 1851-53, Gr. H. 
 Ford; September, 1853-54, Alexander Rooney; September, 1854-55, William 
 Haddock; September, 1855-57, Alexander Belong; September, 1857-59, M. 
 H. Bycrlv; September, 1859, to January, 1864, E. Dalby; January, 1864-76, 
 V. C. Williston; January, 1876-78, George W. Birdsall; January, 1878, Y. 
 C. Williston, present incumbent. 
 
 County Surveyors — L. A. Simpson was, probably, the first to fill this office. 
 From his time until 1851, there is no reliable record. September, 1851-53, 
 Moses A. Clark ; September, 1853-55, E. K. Johnson ; September, 1855-57, 
 Lewis W. Stewart; September, 1857, to January, 1860, George Welch; Jan- 
 uary, 1860-62, John Leery; January, 1862-64, Henry D. Smith; January, 
 1864-66, F. Merriman; January, 1866-72, D. L. Blakeslee; January, 1872- 
 74, R. 0. Peters; January, 1874-76, T. J. Townsend; January, 1876, 0. 
 Burlingame, present incumbent. 
 
 County Judges — 1851, Joseph Mann; September, 1855-57, G. C. 
 Mudgett; September, 1857, to January, 1860, J. J. Huber; January, 1860- 
 62, William H. Holmes; January, 1862-64, John S. Stacey; January, 
 1.864-70, D. McCarn. 
 
 Judges of District Courts — Thomas S. Wilson was Judge of the District 
 which included Jones County while Iowa continued a Territory, 1841-46. 
 The county under State government became a part of the Second District, over 
 which James Grant, of Scott County, presided five years, beginning April 5, 
 1847. T. S. Wilson, of Dubuque County, became Judge in April, 1852. 
 Jones became a part of the Eighth Judicial District February 9, 1853. Of 
 this district, the Judges have been as follows: William E. Leffingwell, of Clin- 
 ton County, elected April 4, 1853; John B. Booth, of Jackson County, 
 appointed 1854; William H. Tuthill, of Cedar County, elected April 2, 1855; 
 William E. Miller, elected October 12, 1858; Norman W. Isbell, elected 
 October 14, 1862-; Charles H. Conklin, appointed August 19, 1864, and 
 elected Nov. 8, following; N. M. Hubbard, appointed November 15, 1865; 
 James H. Rothrock, elected October 9, 1866; John Shane, came into office, 
 January, 1876, and is now the presiding Judge of the Eighth District. 
 
 In 1869, the business of this Court was so great that a new Court was 
 created called the Circuit Court. The Judges have been, 1869, to January, 
 1873, Sylvanus Yates; January, 1873, John McKean, now presiding. 
 
 LEGISLATIVE REPRESENTATION. 
 
 In October, 1844, the first Constitutional Convention met at Iowa City. 
 Jones County was represented by John Taylor. The second Constitutional 
 
I 
 
 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 341 
 
 Convention met May 4, 1846, in which Jones County was represented by S. 
 G. Matson. Jones County sent A. H. Marvin, of Monticello, to the third Con- 
 stitutional Convention, which met at Iowa City January 19, 1857. 
 
 In the Territorial Council — 1838-40, Cedar, Johnson, Jones and Linn 
 Counties sent Charles Whittlesey ; 1840-42, Jones and Linn Counties sent 
 George Greene ; 1842-44, Jones and Linn Counties sent John P. Cook ; 
 1844-46, Jones and Linn Counties sent William Abbe. 
 
 To the State Senate — 1846-50, Jones and Jackson Counties sent Philip P. 
 Bradley ; 1850-51, Jones and Jackson Counties sent Nathan G. Sales ; 
 1854-58, Jones County sent William H. Holmes ; 1858-62, Jones and Jackson 
 Counties sent Joseph Mann; 1862-64, Jones County sent W. H. Holmes; 
 1864-66, Jones County sent Ezekiel Cutler; 1866-70, Jones County sent S. 
 S. Farwell; 1870-74, Jones County sent John McKean ; 1874-78, Jones 
 County sent George W. Lovell. 
 
 During the past session of the Legislature, Jones County had no Senafor. 
 In the new apportionment. Cedar and Jones elect a Senator together. The 
 Cedar County Senator holding over two years longer than the Jones County 
 official, the Senator from Cedar occupies the place at present. John Russell 
 was elected Oct. 14, 1879, to serve 1880-84, Jones and Cedar Counties. 
 
 Representatives — 1838-39, Robei't G. Roberts, from Cedar, Johnson, 
 Jones and Linn Counties ; 1839-40, George H. Walworth, from Jones and 
 Linn -Counties ; 1840-41, Harman Van Antwerp and George H. Walworth, 
 from Jones and Linn Counties ; 1841-42, Samuel P. Higginson and Thomas 
 Denson, from Jones and- Linn Counties ; 1842-43, George H. W^alworth and 
 John C. Berry, from Jones and Cedar Counties; 1843-44, George H. Wal- 
 worth and Robert Smythe, from Jones and Cedar Counties ; 1844-46, Joseph 
 K. Snyder and John Taylor, from Jones, Linn and Cedar Counties ; 1846-48, S. 
 G. Matson and George F. Green, from Jones and Jackson Counties ; 1848-50, 
 D. A. Mahoney and N. G. Sales, from Jones and Jackson Counties ; 1850-52, 
 R. B, Wykoff and John E. Goodenow, from Jones and Jackson Counties ; 
 1852-54, John Taylor, from Jones County ; 1854-56, W. II. Holmes, from 
 Jones County; 1856-58, W. H. Holmes, from Jones County, and William 
 Thomas, from Jackson and Jones Counties ; 1858-60, H. Steward, from Jones 
 County, and W. S. Johnson, Jones and Jackson Counties ; 1860-62, John 
 Taylor, from Jones County; 1862-64, 0. Whittemore and John Russell; 
 1864-66, John Russell and J. H. Fuller ; 1866-70, John McKean and John 
 Russell ; 1870-72, John Russell and P. G. Bonewitz ; 1872-74, P. G. Bone- 
 witz and John Tasker ; 1874-76, John W. Moore and G. 0. Bishop ; 1876-78, 
 William T. Shaw and George W. Lathrop ; 1878-80, S. M. Yoran; 1880-82, 
 S. M. Yoran. 
 
 RAILBUADS. 
 
 The first railroad in Iowa was commenced in 1854. Previous to this time, 
 the struggle for a railroad had begun in Jones County. May 2, 1852, had been 
 incorporated the Iowa Central Air Line Company, an organization which for 
 a number of years figured quite conspicuously in Central Iowa, and Avhich Jones 
 County people have abundant cause to remember for years to come, and with no 
 grateful remembrance. 
 
 This Company was incorporated at the date named, by the following persons, 
 most of whom are Iowa men : 
 
 Jonas Clark, John E. Goodenow, J. W. Jenkins, Russel Perham, Alonzo 
 Spaulding, Elisha F. Clark, Daniel Rhodes, David Sears, Ira Minard, Charles 
 
342 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Butler, Elisha C. Litchfield, G. S. Hubbard, S. S. Jones, S. M. Hitt, George 
 W. Waite, William Ferdman, L. H. Bowen, 0. Emerson, George Greene, A. F. 
 Steadman, D. M. Mcintosh, Isaac Whittam, N. B. BrOwn, S. D. Carpenter, 
 D. VV. Kincr, N. W. Isbell, Charles Nye, Thomas J. McKean, L. D. Jordan, E. 
 Vanmeter, Dan Lothian, M. E. McKenny, S. C. Bever, William Haddock, J. 
 H. Fisher, H. C. Metcalf, W. H. Eldridge, Porter Sargcant, E. A. Wood. 
 
 The purpose of the corporation, as set forth in the articles, were " the con- 
 struction, operation and use of a railroad with double or single track, and with 
 all necessary appendages, branches and extensions. The main trunk or con- 
 tinuous line of said road was to commence on the Mississippi River, at or near 
 Sabula, and run thence westerly on or near the Forty-second Parallel of latitude 
 to the Missouri River, and ultimately thence westerly through the South Pass 
 to California." 
 
 The stock of the Air Line Company was to be $10,000,000, with the priv- 
 ilege of increasing it. A survey was made through to the Missouri River, 
 passing through Maquoketa, Anamosa, Marion, Cedar Rapids, Marshalltown, 
 and crossing the Missouri River just west of Onawa. Negotiations were 
 opened up for a land grant and not much else was done for several years. An 
 act of Congress, of May 15, 1856, granted to the State of Iowa upward of three 
 million acres of Government lands, to be expended in building railroads. The 
 act provided to give to a company building a road from Lyons to a point at or 
 near Maquoketa, and thence west on the line of the Air Line road to th« Mis- 
 souri River, every alternate section designated by odd numbers within six miles 
 on either side of the line of road, and where the land within this distance was 
 already sold or pre-empted, the State was to select an equivalent amount of land 
 within fifteen miles on either side of the road. 
 
 The grant from the Legislature to the Iowa Central Air Line Company pro- 
 vided that the line should be definitely fixed and located before April 1, 1857, 
 and that if the road did not have seventy-five miles completed prior to Decem- 
 ber 1, 1859, or did not have the road completed before December 1, 1865, that 
 all unsold lands should revert to the State. 
 
 The land grant to this and other roads gave a tremendous impetus to rail- 
 road building in Iowa for several years. The land grant to the Air Line Com- 
 pany alone was estimated by its President at 906,480 acres. The report of 
 June 2, 1858, represents $1,210,000 as already expended upon the road, most 
 of which was disbursed in securing the lands of the Company. 
 
 The projected line was to cross Jones County, passing through both Wyo- 
 ming and Anamosa. The county in its corporate capacity was called upon for 
 help, and before the land grant had been secured, in June. 1853, almost imme- 
 diately after the formation of the Compan3% a petition was presented to the 
 County Judge, asking for a vote subscribing $80,000 stock in the new Company, 
 to be paid in county bonds drawing 8 per cent interest. These bonds were to 
 be liquidated by an annual tax of 1 per cent. The proposition was carried by 
 a vote of 459 to 240. 
 
 The stock, however, was not subscribed nor the bonds issued until June 15, 
 1856, following the Congressional land grant, nor were the bonds delivered 
 even at that time. December 25, 1856, an agreement was entered into between 
 G. C. Mudgett, County Judge, and S. S. Jones, President of the Air Line 
 Company, providing that the bonds should be issued only so rapidly as the work 
 was carried on in the limits of the county of Jones. 
 
 At that time, the stock of the Railroad Company was above par, and it was 
 agreed on the part of the corporation, that if the county would relinquish all right 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 343 
 
 to the dividend upon the stock of the Company, that the latter would agree to pay 
 the interest upon the county's bonds. This would simply amoun: to the county of 
 Jones lending her name as security to the railroad, which, in the roseate hue hang- 
 ing over railroad prospects, was a very small favor. Stock of the Company, to be 
 held in trust .for the county, Avas immediately delivered to three Trustees — N. G. 
 Sales, of Anamosa; Robert Smytho, of Marion, and Jas. Plazlett, Sr., of Lyons. 
 
 Under this agreement, the work of grading was immediately commenced in 
 Jones County, and, in a short time, $54,000 of county bonds had been issued. 
 
 It is a well-known fact that the Air Line Company failed on account of 
 reckless management and open rascality on the part of the President and other 
 oflBcers. The magnificent land grant of the company was of itself sufficient 
 to have completed the enterprise to the Missouri River, and the Company 
 would also have received cordial- help from cities and citizens all along the line. 
 Nothing was done. The affair was a suicide. December 1, 1859, the time when 
 the road should have seventy-five miles of road completed or forfeit the grant, came 
 around, and not a mile of iron had been laid, and the magnificent gift of the 
 Government passed into the hands of the Cedar Rapids & Missouri River Railroad. 
 
 Of course, the Air Line Company never paid a cent of interest upon the 
 bonds of the county. Suits were entered in the L^nited States Court by bond- 
 holders against the county of Jones in default of the payment of interest. The 
 plaintiff' secured judgment. 
 
 Forty-six of the fifty-four thousand dollars bonds were held by David J. 
 Lake, of Chicago. In May, 1865, a compromise was effected by the county's 
 paying Lake seventy cents on the dollar due, principal and interest. Six thou- 
 sand more were redeemed about the same time from other parties at nearly the 
 same rate. One bond, held by G. W. Bettesworth, was settled by the payment 
 of $1,920.70, principal and interest, on the part of the county, while Bettes- 
 worth surrendered the bond and conveyed 4,590 acres of land to Jones County, 
 which afterward sold at such a figure as to prove a good investment. The fifty- 
 fourth bond was canceled some years later. 
 
 About 1852, there was projected a road from Dubuque to Keokuk, by way of 
 Anamosa, Marion and Iowa City. This departure from a direct line gave to 
 the enterprise the vulgar name of the "Rams-Horn." An incorporation was 
 formed, with the LangAvorthys, of Dubuque, Lincoln Clark and William T. 
 Shaw among the leaders. This road, as originally laid out, proved a failure, 
 but along part of its line w\as built the Dubuque Western. 
 
 On the occasion of the completion of this road to Anamosa, the following 
 notice of it appeared in the Anamosa Eureka : 
 
 " Friday evening, 9th of March, year of grace 1860, was a joyous time in 
 Anamosa. « , d * i i * iu 
 
 " ' runctual as lovers to the moment sworn, 
 
 and. punctual to the hour of 8 o'clock, 'came in the first train of cars from 
 Dubuque. A crowd was at the depot, and the welcome was deep and cordial. 
 
 " The road Avas commenced in July, 1857. In October following, came the 
 revulsion throughout the country ; but the Avork continued through the Avinter, 
 and subsequently struggled on, noAv and then, amid the trying stringency of 
 the money market until last autumn, when, by a money arrangement Avith C. 
 W. Theo. Krausch, the late Chief Engineer of the New York k Erie Railroad, the 
 entire superintendency was transferred to him, and most nobly has he performed 
 his task, proving his high competency as a railroad builder and manager. 
 
 " Prominent among the men to Avhom we are indebted for this great and 
 glorious Avork, we are bound to accord all honor to L. H. Langworthy, F. S. 
 
344 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Winslow, H. A. Wiltse, E. Stimson, H. Gelpcke and C. W, Theo. Krausch, 
 of Dubuque, with W. T. Shaw, of Anamosa. Others, too, have aided us most 
 efiFectively in the trying hours of the past two years. To Mr. Shaw we at this 
 end of the line are largely indebted. His cool and ready clear-sightedness, as a 
 liberal stockholder and Director fi'om the beginning, has contributed, in a great 
 measure, to the success of the project." 
 
 At the time of the breaking-out of the war, the road was being pushed west- 
 ward toward Marion, and W. T. Shaw was superintending the construction. 
 On the day that Mr. Shaw received his commission as Colonel of an Iowa 
 regiment, he dismissed the men he had employed, and, abruptly as Putnam left 
 the plow, proceeded to the field in service of his country. The building of 
 the road Avas at a standstill for several years, and was not completed to Marion 
 until about 1865. The present terminus of the road is Cedar Rapids. 
 
 Ten thousand dollars in bonds of the city of Anamosa were voted to aid the 
 Dubuque Western road in building, but only a fraction of these were ever issued. 
 Farmers and citizens along the line aided liberally by subscriptions. 
 
 The road has several times changed hands and names, passing into posses- 
 sion of bondholdei-s, and, in 1878, to the Chicago, Milwaukee k St. Paul Rail- 
 road Company. It has been known by the names of Dubuque Western, 
 Dubuque, Marion & Western, the Dubuque & South- Western, and, finally, 
 as a part of the Western Union Division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 
 Paul. 
 
 It should have been stated, in connection with the early history of this 
 road, that on May 9, 1857, the question of taking $100,000 stock, by issuing 
 county bonds to that amount, was submitted to the people and lost by a vote of 
 .567 to 828. A similar proposition was defeated in August of the same year, 
 by a vote of 716 to 368. 
 
 Quite a number of railroads projected in Jones County existed only on 
 paper, and, except as companies or paper corporations, had no existence at all. 
 Among the first of these, one was formed to build a road from Cascade to 
 Anamosa, to connect at the former place with the great North- Western Rail- 
 way projected through that point. A meeting was held December 9, 1856, at 
 which Articles of Incorporation were adopted and the following persons elected 
 a Board of Directors : S. W. McMaster, John Lorain, L. C. McKinney, A. S. 
 Chew, S. S. Merrill, G. W. Trumbull, T. J. Chew, James Hill, William P. 
 Wightman, W. S. Hall, N. G. Sales, Joseph Mann, C. L. D. Crockwell. The 
 road was never begun, and the corporation soon collapsed. 
 
 With greater pretensions was organized, Mardi 19, 1857, the Wapsipinicon 
 & St. Peters Valley Railroad Company, whose purpose was to build a continuous 
 line of road, to commence at Anamosa and run thence northwest through Quas- 
 queton. Independence and Fairbanks, and thence northwesterly to the north 
 line of the State. The capital stock was fixed at $5,000,000. 
 
 This was intended as a feeder to the Air Line route, and was looked upon 
 as a very probable enterprise in the palmy days of the Air Line bubble. The 
 people of Jones County were given an opportunity, in May, 1857, to decide 
 whether the county, in its corporate capacity, should take $100,000 stock in 
 the Wapsipinicon & St. Peters Valley Railroad. The voters said nay, the 
 scheme being defeated by a vote of 1,067 to 375. 
 
 The first officers of this Company were : D. S. Davis, President ; Wm. H. 
 Gibbs, Vice President; E. C. Bidwell, Secretary ; H. P. Henshaw, Treasurer; 
 D. S. Lee, Attorney ; Directors — F. C. Patterson, Rufus Connable, P. A. Brooks, 
 L. W. Hart, S. V. Thompson, N. G. Sales, G. H. Ford, J. S. Dimmitt. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 345 
 
 January 12, 1859, were adopted Articles of Association of what was called 
 the " Anamosa Branch of the Tipton Railway," for the purpose of building a 
 branch to Tipton. The five Directors elected were VVm. T. Shaw, David Graham 
 and H. C. Metcalf, of Anamosa, 0. Cronkhite and D. A. Carpenter, of Rome. 
 
 The partly graded road-bed, between Lyons and Maquoketa, of the exploded 
 Air Line road, found its way into the Mississippi, Maquoketa & Western Com- 
 pany. In March, 1870, the Midland Company was organized at Des Moines, 
 to build a road from Clinton to Maquoketa, with the probability that it would 
 go farther west. The Mississippi, Maquoketa & Western sold the road-bed and 
 franchise to the Midland for |18,000. The cars were running into Maquoketa 
 in December, 1870. A fortunate rivalry springing up between the Chicago & 
 North-Western, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and the Chicago, Mil- 
 waukee & St. Paul, enlisted the cordial support of the first-named road to the 
 Midland. William T. Shaw was President until March, 1871, at which time 
 the road passed under complete control of the Chicago & North-Western Com- 
 pany, though a separate organization is still maintained. The road was imme- 
 diately pushed on from Maquoketa to Anamosa, being completed to the latter 
 place in October, 1871. The citizens of the latter place subscribed about 
 $35,000 in stock, though little was paid, and Fairview Township voted to its 
 aid a 3 per cent tax, amounting to nearly $15,000. 
 
 At present writing, the Midland is building further west, though with what 
 objective point it is not known. It ceases to be a Jones County enterprise. 
 
 The Sabula, Ackley & Dakota Railroad was projected especially by the 
 citizens of Ackley and Sabula, and was designed as a western branch to con- 
 nect with the Western Union road at Savanna, 111. The building of the road 
 commenced in 1870. The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, jealous of the 
 progress of the Midland road, lent its aid to the building of the Sabula, Ackley 
 & Dakota. A bitter rivalry sprang up between the two enterprises, and each 
 did what they could to injure the progress of the other. The North-Western 
 came out first in the race, at least so far as the building of the road was con- 
 cerned. When the cars were running into Anamosa over the Midland, the 
 western terminus of the Sabula road was at Preston, only about twenty miles 
 from its starting-point. In the summer of 1872, the road was completed to 
 Rome, in Jones County. The western terminus of the road, which now belongs 
 to the Western Union Division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Com- 
 pany, is Cedar Rapids. The road traverses the southern tier of townships of 
 Jones County, passing through a most excellent piece of country. 
 
 The Davenport & St. Paul Railroad was a Davenport enteprise, whose chief 
 spirit was its President, Hon. Hiram Price. This road passes through Wyo- 
 ming and Monticello. Cascade made a determined effort to secure the road from 
 Wyoming to that point, but in vain. The cars over this line were running 
 into Wyoming December 22, 1871. The road is gradually nearing the north- 
 ern line of the State, and will, doubtless, in time, bring Jones County in direct 
 connection with its proposed northern terminus, St. Paul. The line has 
 been recently purchased by the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Company. 
 The corporation, therefore, own and operate three lines of road traversing Jones 
 County, viz., the Sabula, Ackley & Dakota, Davenport & North-Western, and 
 the Dubuque & South-Western, or, in all, a total of seventy miles of road. 
 
 In April, 1868, a company was organized under the name of the Anamosa 
 & North-Western Railroad Company, whose object was to build a road from 
 Anamosa northwest, along the Wapsipinicon Valley, to the northern boundary 
 of the State. The incorporators were James Jamison, James Ironside, R. N. 
 
346 HisTORr OF jones county. 
 
 Soper, F. Braun, William T. Shaw, J. S. Stacv, D. S. Lee, C. R. Scott, 
 Charles E. Kent, J. H. Fairchild, E. C. Downs, A. Hunsicker, C. W. Hast- 
 ings, H. J. White, M. McGlathery. 
 
 The interest which might otherwise have been enlisted in this enterprise was 
 directed into other channels by new and unexpected developments in railroad 
 building, about this time. The project was, therefore, unsuccessful. 
 
 The assessment returns of Jones County show the number of miles of rail- 
 road within its limits to be as follows: 
 
 Iowa Mi.llanJ 20.80 miles. 
 
 Dubuque & Southwestern 19.71 " 
 
 Diivenport & St. Paul 30.80 " 
 
 Sabula, Ackley & Dakota 25.55 " 
 
 Total 9G.86 miles. 
 
 COUNTY FINANCES. 
 
 The financial condition of Jones County is most satisfactory. A conserva- 
 tive management has been the policy of her financiers, whose care has ever 
 been to keep the county from becoming involved in debt. The unfortunate 
 loan to the Air Line Railroad, of which mention is elsewhere made, has been 
 the only serious calamity which has ever occurred affecting the county treasury. 
 The County Treasurer's report, in June, 1879, shows a balance on hand in 
 each of the various funds in the keeping of the county. There are no out- 
 standing warrants demanding payment, and county orders are at par. The 
 county has no bonds outstanding. No money of importance has ever been 
 invested in county buildings, the Court House now occupied being the gift of 
 Anamosa and different citizens, as has been elsewhere mentioned. 
 
 The report of the County Auditor for the year ending January 5, 1879, 
 
 shows the expenses of county government for 1878, to have been as follows : 
 
 Supervisors $ 777 59 
 
 Salaries of officers 4,400 00 
 
 Witnesses 2,138 70 
 
 Jurors 3,490 00 
 
 Attorneys and reporters 1,193 -50 
 
 Sheriff, bailiffs and janitor 1,286 33 
 
 Jail expenses 901 40 
 
 Justices and Constables 1,007 00 • 
 
 Poor, outside poor farm 2,658 15 
 
 Fuel, lights, repairs to county buildings, etc 691 28 
 
 Assessors, Township Clerks and Trustees 1,759 90 
 
 Postage and express 134 05 
 
 Books and stationery 797 40 
 
 Printing 1,779 53 
 
 Superintendent of Schools 958 07 
 
 Election expenses 456 20 
 
 Bounty on wild animals' scalps 242 00 
 
 Township Collectors 1,140 59 
 
 Poor Farm 2,557 96 
 
 Paid Benton County in Johnson case 208 00 
 
 Copying mortgage index 175 00 
 
 Clerks' fees, criminal cases 52 25 
 
 Settlement of title to Coleman lots 40 00 
 
 Miscellaneous 4 10 
 
 §29,509 00 
 
 Deaf, dumb and insane 405 45 
 
 Insane Hospital 1,515 56 
 
 Bridges 14,473 44 
 
 Total ; ?45,903 45 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 347 
 
 The assessment for 1879, as corrected by the Board of Supervisors, we 
 give by townships. To this 5 per cent has been added by the State Board : 
 
 TOWNS AND TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 €ass 
 
 Castle Grove 
 
 Clay 
 
 Fail-view 
 
 Greenfield 
 
 Hale 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Madison 
 
 Monticello 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Richland 
 
 Rome 
 
 Scotch Grove 
 
 Washington 
 
 WayiiC 
 
 Wyoming! 
 
 Anamosa 
 
 Monticello, town 
 
 Olin 
 
 Strawberry Hill.. 
 Wyoming, town .. 
 
 Acres of 
 Land. 
 
 22908 
 22755 
 22280 
 21701 
 22645 
 22850 
 22^28 
 22106 
 22022 
 22253 
 22911 
 22172 
 22443 
 22866 
 22575 
 22200 
 
 Absess'd value 
 of Land. 
 
 Assess'd value 
 of Town Lots. 
 
 Personal 
 Property. 
 
 5196073$. 
 204825 
 181939 
 205132 
 206484 
 193742 
 183207 , 
 206709 
 215217 
 189269 
 171422 
 200925 
 198765 
 166508 
 206312 
 191498 
 
 495 
 3619 
 4504 
 5165 
 
 19655 
 
 514 
 
 14330 
 
 4665i 
 
 1036! 
 
 5205, 
 
 9060 
 
 170225 
 
 158466; 
 
 288871 
 
 15110 
 
 66600 
 
 S 57745 
 58864 
 40828 
 64229 
 
 106796 
 70778 
 3086M 
 79396 
 
 ■52976 
 88254 
 38662 
 58873 
 51331 
 36421 
 71282 
 62615 
 98036 
 
 146614 
 
 20890 
 
 2604 
 
 71254 
 
 §253818 
 264184 
 216386 
 273865 
 318445 
 264520 
 214076 
 305760 
 268707 
 291853 
 214749 
 259798 
 251132 
 202929 
 282799 
 263178 
 268261 
 305080 
 49777 
 17714 
 137854 
 
 Totals. 
 
 358915 
 
 $3108027 S507536 $130931' 
 
 §4924880 
 
 The assessment of railroad property is as follows 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul- 
 Western Union Division 
 
 Davenport & North-Western 
 Iowa Midland 
 
 Number of Miles 
 in County. 
 
 45.26 
 30.63 
 20.80 
 
 Assessed Value 
 per Mile. 
 
 §2,300 00 
 2,500 00 
 2,000 00 
 
 The tax levy for 1878-79 was as follows: State tax, 2 mills; county 
 school tax, 1 mill ; county tax, 4 mills ; bridge tax, 3 mills ; poor tax, 1 mill ; 
 total, 11 mills. 
 
 Of the permanent School fund which the wisdom of our early Strtte gov- 
 ernment provided, to assist the various counties in maintaining free schools, 
 there is in the hands of Jones County — most of which is loaned out on real 
 estate — $58,756.53. The apportionment of the permanent fund to Jones 
 County for the past year was $4,063.14. The annual interest upon the funds 
 placed in the care of Jones County is greater than her share of the yearly 
 apportionment. 
 
 STATISTICS — SOCIAL AND AGRICULTURAL. 
 
 A steady growth has marked the progress of Jones County from the date 
 of its organization. No feverish haste is perceptible, but that constant influx 
 of population and wealth, which forbids all thought of relapse or disaster, and 
 gives an air of permanence and stability to every place or institution to which 
 it is peculiar. This is strikingly illustrated by a comparison of the census 
 reports since 1838. The population has been as follows : 1838, 241 ; 1840, 
 475; 1844, 1,112; 1846, 1,758; 1848,1,779; 1849,2,140; 1850,3,007; 
 
348 
 
 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 1851, 3,400; 1852, 4,201; 1853, 6.075; 1856, 9,835; 1859, 13,475; 1860, 
 13,306; 1863,13,495; 1865,14,376; 1867,16,228; 1869,18,113; 1870, 
 19,731; 1873,18,930; 1875,10,166. 
 
 Subjoined we give an abstract of the population of Jones County, taken 
 from the census report of 1875. This is not given as a true representation of 
 the population of towns at the present time, but may be valuable as a matter 
 of reference now, or fifty years hence : 
 
 TOWNSHIPS AND TOWNS. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 Male. 
 
 Total 
 Population. 
 
 Number of 
 FamilieB. 
 
 Cass Township 
 
 Castle Grove Township., 
 
 Clay Township 
 
 Fairview Township 
 
 Greenfield Township 
 
 Hale Township 
 
 Jackson Township 
 
 Madison Township 
 
 Monticello Township 
 
 Monticello Town 
 
 Oxford Township 
 
 Richland Township 
 
 Rome Township 
 
 Scotch Grove Township., 
 Strawberry Hill Town.., 
 Washington Township.., 
 
 Wayne Township 
 
 Wyoming Township 
 
 Wyoming Town 
 
 Anamosa Town , 
 
 394 
 375 
 543 
 594 
 604 
 528 
 415 
 510 
 474 
 760 
 506 
 387 
 651 
 421 
 59 
 422 
 581 
 504 
 331 
 814 
 
 378 
 332 
 419 
 579 
 487 
 460 
 385 
 487 
 435 
 825 
 468 
 353 
 629 
 400 
 66 
 365 
 554 
 510 
 358 
 784 
 
 775 
 707 
 962 
 
 1,173 
 
 1,091 
 988 
 800 
 997 
 909 
 
 1,587 
 975 
 740 
 
 1,281 
 821 
 130 
 787 
 
 1,135 
 
 1,014 
 689 
 
 1,605 
 
 166 
 126 
 169 
 220 
 178 
 187 
 150 
 167 
 159 
 332 
 201 
 134 
 254 
 137 
 30 
 140 
 210 
 181 
 157 
 356 
 
 Total 9,873 
 
 9,274 
 
 19 
 
 19,166 
 
 3,654 
 
 The population of the incorporated towns during the years 1870, 1873 and 
 1875 are given as follows : 
 
 NAME OF TOWN. 
 
 1870. 
 
 1873. 
 
 1875. 
 
 Anamosa 
 
 2083 
 1337 
 
 1656 
 1335 
 
 1605 
 
 Monticello 
 
 1687 
 689 
 
 Strawberry Hill 
 
 
 130 
 
 
 
 
 The post offices in 1875 were Anamosa, Blue Cut, Bowen's Prairie, Castle 
 Grove, Clayford, Clay Mills, Fairview, Hale Village, Highland Grove, Johnson, 
 Langworthy, Martelle, Olin, Onslow, Oxford Mills, Oxford Junction, Scotch 
 Grove, A^iroqua and Wyoming. 
 
 Number of acres of improved land in 1875 208,907 
 
 Number of acres of unimproved land in 187-3 63,298 
 
 Number of acres of natural timber in 1875 52,546 
 
 Number of acres of planted timber 
 
 Number of voters in 1875 
 
 Number of voters born in Germany... 
 
 Number of voters born in Scotland 
 
 Number of voters born in Ireland 
 
 Number of foreigners not naturalized. 
 
 473 
 4,180 
 283 
 133 
 614 
 176 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 349 
 
 BRIDGES. 
 
 Jones County, traversed as it is by the North and South Maquoketa and 
 Wapsipinicon Rivers, has been obliged to expend in the building of bridges 
 sums which to other counties would seem almost marvelous. Not only have 
 these larger streams made heavy drafts upon the county treasury, but numerous 
 creeks have demanded a steady expenditure of the public funds to render them 
 passable. It has been the custom of the Board of Supervisors usually to make 
 appropriations in part for the building of bridges, expecting the remainder to be 
 raised by subscription. Thus an appropriation would be made with the under- 
 standing that the citizens most interested in the bridge would subscribe and 
 pay |1 to every $2 expended by the county, or $1 to every $3 of the public 
 funds. Wooden bridges only were erected for a time, but a longer-sighted 
 policy has of late years led to the building of substantial iron superstructures. 
 
 The first bridge of importance in the county was thrown across the Wapsi- 
 pinicon near where the Anamosa Cemetery now is. This was on the old Mili- 
 tary road from Dubuque to Iowa City. The bridge was built by the Govern- 
 ment, at an expense of $2,900, Calvin Reed being the contractor. 
 
 In 1857, |2,000 was appropriated by the County Judge to assist in bridg- 
 ing the South Maquoketa, and $1,800 to span the Wapsipinicon at Overacker's 
 Ferry. 
 
 A bridge was built at Metcalf 's and Graham's Mills, across the Wapsipin- 
 icon, in 1862-63, at a cost of $2,500, of which the county paid one half. 
 
 A bridge at Oxford's Mills was built in 1865, with A. A. Reilly as con- 
 tractor, at a total cost of $4,674, of which the county paid about one-half. 
 
 In November, 1864, $2,000 was appropriated toward building a $3,000 
 bridge at Monticello. 
 
 In 1865, a bridge was built at Newport, for $3,900, of which $2,350 was 
 contributed by the county, and the remainder raised by subscription. In 1872, 
 this was replaced by an iron bridge, built by the King Bridge Company, and 
 costing $13,500. 
 
 A bridge over Walnut Creek, at Rome, was built at an expense of $2,- 
 528.50. 
 
 An appropriation was made in November, 1868, to bridge Buffalo Creek, at 
 Fremont's Mills, at a cost of $3,000, two-thirds to be paid by the county. 
 
 In January, 1869, $3,000 was appropriated for the bridging of the Wap- 
 sipinicon, near Ballou's stone quarry, in Hale Township. A subsequent appro- 
 priation of $2,450 was made in the following year. The entire cost of the 
 bridge was near $8,000. 
 
 x\ppropriations were made in 1870, for bridges at Corbet's Mill and Clay 
 Mills, each to cost near $3,000, of which the county would pay two-thirds, the 
 remainder to be raised by subscription. 
 
 An iron bridge was built across the south fork of the Maquoketa River, 
 near Walter's Mills, in June, 1871. 
 
 In the winter of 1872-73, the bridge at Monticello was taken out by 
 the ice, and a superstructure of iron was substituted by the Massillon Bridge 
 Company, in the summer following. The iron bridge across the Wapsipinicon 
 at Anamosa, was completed by the Ohio Bridge Company, during the same 
 season. 
 
 The bridge at Supple's Mills was completed in 1875, at an expense of 
 $6,654.46. The contractors were Kline, Wybel & Co., and Z. King & Co. 
 
350 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 The iron bridge across the Buffalo at Fisher's Mills, completed in 1878, cost 
 $9,620.42. 
 
 The bridge at Olin, completed in October, 1877, by the King Bridge Com- 
 pany is a substantial structure and cost Jones County §9,737.53. 
 
 TIMBER, HEDGES, ETC. 
 
 To encourage the cultivation of trees, orchards and hedge, the Board of 
 Supervisors, at the June meeting, 1878, resolved that §100 should be deducted 
 from the assessment of each person having planted and cultivated an acre of 
 forest trees, with not less than five hundred trees to the acre ; also, a deduction 
 of $100 for each half-mile of two-year-old hedge, and §100 for each acre of 
 fruit trees duly cultivated and planted ; provided always, that in each case the 
 owner send to the Board a general statement of the manner of planting and 
 cultivation. 
 
 CENSUS OF 1840 AND DEAF JIUTES. 
 
 We quote from an article published in the " Annals of Iowa," October, 1871, 
 written by Edmund Booth, of Anamosa, for more than twenty years the editor 
 of the Eureka. Mr. Booth, though usually classed among deaf mutes, is not 
 really such. He lost his hearing when a mere lad, and has the power of speech 
 in a limited way. He was educated at the Hartford Institution for the Deaf 
 and Dumb, and was subsequently, for seven years, a teacher in that institution. 
 He writes : 
 
 " In the spring of 1840, the site of what is now Anamosa did not contain 
 a human dwelling of any kind. At the distance of a mile or more therefrom, 
 and at a point now called Fisherville, there stood a log house, about 18x20 feet 
 in size, owned by a company engaged in building mills, such as were needed by 
 frontiersmen for grinding or sawing. The company consisted of Timothy Davis, 
 of Dubuque; Gideon H. Ford and George H. Walworth, the first and last 
 named being subsequently known in Iowa politics. There being no house 
 within five miles of the place, Mr. Walworth brought two of his sisters from 
 their home in Illinois to aid in housekeeping. One of these sisters was a mute 
 from New Hampshire, and educated at the Hartford institution. Another mute, 
 a young man, also educated at the same school, Mr. Walworth found at Alton, 
 111., and brought on, as a skillful carpenter. The name of this young man was 
 L. N. Perkins. 
 
 " In May or June of the year above indicated, a brother-in-law of the 
 writer. Col. David Wood, of Springfield, Mass., arrived, with his family, and 
 with him I decided to erect a frame dwelling — the first frame dwelling erected 
 in the county — on the site of what afterward became the town of Anamosa. 
 The frame was prepared at the mills near the log house aforesaid, and in June 
 or July we proceeded to dig the cellar. 
 
 " One day, while engaged in the latter occupation, in company with Perkins, 
 whom I had hired for the purpose, no other person being present, the Sheriff 
 of the county, Hugh Bowen, came along in his usual way, on horseback.- He 
 stopped, dismounted, drew a roll of papei'S from a tin case, and entered our 
 
 [Note. — In this connection it may be interesting to tlie reader to know tliat the second marriage license in Jones 
 County was issued July 25, lSi(t, to Edmund IJooth and JIary Ann Walworth, and that they were married on iho 
 following day, by John G. Joslin, Justice of the Peace, who, in the absence of either form "of marriage ceremony, 
 made u.-)e of the printed service of (Jueen Victoria to Prince Albert, which appeared about that time in the news- 
 papers, the queen having marrie<l February 10 previous. Doubtless a very quiet wedding, as neither of the parties 
 most interested could hear a sound, nor could Miss Walworth speak a sentence. — EniTon.] 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 351 
 
 names, places of nativity, etc., in the census of 1840. Having performed this 
 duty, the Sherift" remounted his horse and proceeded to the log house before 
 mentioned. While he was entering our names and all the et ceteras, I noticed 
 that his paper was printed in the form usual upon occasions of this kind, and 
 that he placed the proper figure under the head of deaf mutes. The taking of 
 the census was completed throughout the country, and was in due season printed 
 and laid before Congress and the public. Many persons now living will 'remem- 
 ber the storm wdiich the publication of this census brought up. John Quincy 
 Adams, ex-President and then member of the Lower House at Washington, 
 and others, as well as the newspapers, attacked it fiercely as having been manipu- 
 lated in the interests of slavery. John Tyler was President, through the deatli 
 of Harrison, and John C. Calhoun was Secretary of State. The office of Sec- 
 retary of the Interior had not been created, and the Census Bureau had charge 
 of census affairs subject to the control of the Secretary of State. The aboli- 
 tion war was raging in Congress and out, and Southern politicians and North- 
 ern tools declared slavery divine — the best possible condition for the blacks. 
 To prove the truth of this latter assertion, the census returns had been so falsi- 
 fied as to show that a far greater proportion of the free blacks of the North were 
 variously afflicted with physical infirmities than was the case with the enslaved 
 blacks of the South ; but possibly because there were not enough blacks in some 
 of the Northern States, or because the fraud might be too easily detected, or 
 because Southern statesmen in their ignorance of the real state of things in 
 the North, supposed Northern mutes were generally uneducated, as those of the 
 slave-holding States, the mutes of the North were very liberally classed in the 
 published returns as deaf, dumb, blind, idiotic, insane and colored ! 
 
 '• While the feeling on this subject of falsifying the census was at its height, 
 I received a copy of the Hartford- Courant, in Avhich was a communication, 
 probably written by Mr. Weld, the Principal, or some one of the teachers, giving 
 the localities of the former pupils of the Hartford institution, and now pub- 
 lished by the Government as colored and overwhelmed by all the ills that can 
 afflict humanity. The mutes of Jones County, Iowa, that is, the three men- 
 tioned above, I learned now for the first time, were down in the archives of the 
 Government, and ^or the information of the coming ages down to the end of 
 time, described as 'deaf, dumb, blind, idiotic, insane, colored.' 
 
 " There are those who are readily irritated at trilling annoyances, but bear 
 great misfortunes with a quiet philosophy or a stolid indifference. The state- 
 ment just quoted was too atrocious, too extravagant and too absurd for indigna- 
 tion. It brought greatly to my recollection the wrathful exclamation found in 
 Shakespeare : 
 
 " ' Get thee glass eyes, 
 And, like a scurvy politician, seem 
 To see the things thou seest not.' 
 
 "Years passed until 1847, and the Territory of Iowa had become a State. 
 The subject of a school for deaf mutes within our borders had occasionally 
 crossed my mind and been dismissed as untimely. As a Territory, nothing 
 could be done save in a private way. Iowa, as a State, could make provisions 
 whereby mutes might have e({ual educational privileges with hearing children. 
 But the State was neither populous nor wealthy enough to embark in costly 
 schemes, and I therefore w'rote to Thomas Officer, Principal of the Institution 
 for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, at Jacksonville, 111., to ascertain 
 whether, and on what terms, his school would receive and educate the mutes 
 of Iowa. His answer was favorable; the terms, I think, $100 a year for 
 
352 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 board and tuition. This was during the early part of the session of 1848-49 
 of the Iowa Legislature. 
 
 " On receiving Mr. Officer's answer. I immediately wrote to Dr. Nathan G. 
 Sales, then representing our county in the Lower House, requesting him to 
 inaugurate and press through a bill authorizing the sending to the school at 
 Jacksonville such Iowa mutes as were of educational age, and before they 
 became too old to enjoy the advantage, at the same time stating that our new 
 commonwealth was too young and not sufficiently advanced in population or 
 ability to start a school of our own. Incidentally, and as a tolerably good 
 joke, though at my own expense, and never dreaming of the use to which the 
 Doctor would put it, I told him that by the census of 1840, all the mutes of 
 Jones County were bound up in calf, laid away in the Government Library and 
 published to the world as, 'deaf, dumb, blind, idiotic and insane niggers,' ask- 
 ing his opinion at the same time, as a physician, whether it was possible for a 
 person to be at once idiotic and insane ? In this letter I enclosed the one from 
 Mr. Officer. 
 
 '' The Doctor, as he afterward told me, read my letter in open session and 
 there was a general laugh, as well there might be. He brought in a bill 
 making provisions for the education of the mutes and blind of the State, but 
 met with opposition on the score of poverty. He therefore resorted to strategy. 
 There was a bill providing for a sword for some officer who had distinguished 
 himself in the Mexican war. The Doctor compared the extravagance of this 
 motion with the necessity of assistance to the afflicted of the State, and secured 
 the passage of the bill through the House. 
 
 "The bill became a law and appropriated $50 per year to every mute sent 
 to the institution at Jacksonville, the parents or friends to pay the balance 
 necessary to make up the $100 required annually. It was the best that could 
 be done at that time. 
 
 " In the spring of 1849, I went to California and returned in 1854. On 
 inquiry, I found that the law had been so changed as to allow each mute $100 
 annually in the Illinois school. During my five years of absence, the State hid 
 grown remarkably in population and wealth, and now I thought the time had come 
 for a school of our own. With this view, I again wrote to Mr. Officer, the 
 Principal of the Jacksonville Institution, for data regarding the number of our 
 pupils, etc., and hinting at the establishment of a school in Iowa. Trouble in 
 one of my lungs, resulting from lung fever during student days, forebade my 
 taking the work of teaching on myself. I therefore wrote to David E. Bart- 
 lett, who was conducting a private school of mutes at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 
 stating how the matter stood and suggesting to him to come and start a school 
 at loAva City, then the capital of the State. Mr. Bartlett had formerly been a 
 fellow-teacher with me in Hartford, and I knew him to be abundantly qualified, 
 he being by nature a hearty enthusiast in his profession, and having the love 
 and respect of his pupils and all the mutes of his acquaintance. To my great 
 regret he declined the proposal, pleading ' age and seventeen little responsibili- 
 ties ' — meaning his pupils. Knowing no other teacher of mutes outside of the 
 regular institutions worth having, and knowing also that no teacher, properly 
 qualified, naturally and otherwise, connected with any established institution 
 would sever such connection for what might appear a Don Quixotic adventure 
 into a frontier State, I concluded to wait until near the time of the assembling 
 of the next Iowa Legislature, and then, by letter or some other means, enlist a 
 few of the prominent men of Iowa City in the project, induce them to bring 
 the matter before the Legislature and obtain an appropriation for the founding 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTV. 353 
 
 of an Iowa Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, to be located 
 at the capital of the State. A foundation of this kind once laid, I knew there 
 would not be the slightest difficulty in finding any one of the best teachers in 
 the older institutions to take charge of it. 
 
 " While I was waiting the lapse of a few months, the Iowa City papers 
 informed me that a Mr. Ijams, of the Jacksonville institution, had appeared with 
 the intention of starting a school for mutes. Prominent men in Iowa City 
 enlisted in the project. The Legislature responded favorably, and success 
 crowned the effort. At the first State Fair held at Iowa City, I attended and 
 called at the institution a half-hour every morning before the fair was fully 
 opened. 
 
 "When it was proposed in the Legislature to erect a new building and give 
 the school a permanent location, Dr. Sales suggested to me to get up a move- 
 ment in favor of its removal to Anamosa. 'No,' I replied, ' public institutions 
 are liable to mismanagement and abuse by those in charge, and it is essential to 
 have this school at the State capital, where it will be under the immediate eye 
 of the Legislature and the State officers.' The institution went to Council 
 Bluffs." 
 
 The sketch shows that, directly and indirectly, the humane and complete pro- 
 visions now in existence for the care of deaf mutes in Iowa were, in their begin- 
 nings, the results of the efforts of Jones County men. 
 
 POLITICAL. 
 
 Jones County has been, since 1856, a Republican County. The new party 
 movement in 1874, called the Anti-Monopoly movement, formed an alliance with 
 the Democratic party, which, in 1873, elected their ticket by from 300 to 400 
 majority. Some of those on the ticket had previously been Republicans. They 
 were opposed, however, by the regular Republican nominees, and their success 
 was, of course, a defeat to the opposite party. 
 
 The formal organization of the Republican party was on the 5th day of 
 January, 1857, at a meeting held in Anamosa on that date, of which C. L. D. 
 Crockwell was Chairman, and George Higby, Secretary. 
 
 A committee to report plan of organization was appointed, composed of A. 
 H. Marvin, of Monticello ; Thomas S. Hubbard, of Castle Grove ; W. S. 
 Niles, of Madison ; H. 0. Brown, of Clay ; and J. S. Dimmitt, of Fairview. 
 
 The following resolution was reported and adopted : 
 
 Whkreas, We have full confidence in the national organization of the Republican party, 
 and believe that we should use all honorable means for the triumph of its principles ; therefore, 
 
 Resolved, That the Republicans of Jones County adopt the following course for an organiza- 
 tion in said county: First, That there be a Central Committee of three appointed, residents of 
 Anamosa, who shall constitute a Board, whose duty it shall be to call meetings, conventions, 
 etc., in this county, and shall attend to the distribuiion of tickets at elections ; second, that an 
 Executive Committee of one from each township be appointed to co-operate with the Central Com- 
 mittee, and to call meetings in their several toivnships ; third, that the Central and Executive 
 Committees shall elect from their number a President, Treasurer and Secretary. 
 
 W. J. Henry, C. L. D. Crockwell and J. S. Dimmitt were chosen Central 
 Committee. 
 
 The Township Executive Committee was appointed, composed of Milo Q. 
 Thompson, of Cass ; George Higby, of Castle Grove ; John Russell, of Clay ; 
 Pratt R. Skinner, of Fairview ; Thomas Goudy, of Greenfield ; C. F. Lewis, 
 of Hale ; M. H. Byerly, of Jackson ; John Niles, of Madison ; A. H. Marvin, 
 of Monticello; Jas. Kent, of Oxford; A. G. Brown, of Pierce (now Wyoming) ; 
 
354 
 
 HISTORV OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Barrett Whittenaore, of Richland; Dr. Carpenter, of Roma; John E. Lovejoy, 
 of Scotch Grove; G. C. Mudgett, of Wayne. 
 
 A. H. Marvin and W. S. Holmes were first delegates, chosen to represent 
 Jones County in the Republican State Convention of 1857. 
 
 The Greenback movement has not elicited many supporters in Jones County. 
 Fortv-four votes were cast for Peter Cooper in 1876, which is probably a fair 
 meas*ure of the strength of the soft-money element at that time. They have no 
 newspaper organ in the county, and have never ventured to nominate a county 
 ticket. 
 
 The Presidential vote of each campaign is a pretty good index to the 
 political bias of a community. We give the returns in Jones County since 
 1852: 1852--Pierce, 338; Scott, 266; Hale, 22; 1856— Fremont, 961; 
 Buchanan, 663; Fillmore, 10; 1860— Lincoln, 1,453; Douglas, 1,097; 1864 
 —Lincoln, 1,530; McClellan, 941; 1868— Grant, 2,400; Seymour, 1,277; 
 1872— Grant, 2,285; Greeley, 1,237; O'Connor, 4; 1876— Hayes, 2,591; 
 Tilden, 1,763; Cooper, 44. 
 
 An abstract of votes at the elections of 1876 and 1878 will be a matter of 
 interest. 
 
 VOTE OF 1876-78. 
 
 
 1876— PRESIDENTIAL. 
 
 1878. 
 
 
 R. B. Hayes. 
 
 S. J. Tilden. 
 
 SECKETABY OF STATE. | CLEKK OF COUKT. 
 
 TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 J. A. T. Hull, 
 Republican. 
 
 E. M. Farns- 
 
 worth. 
 
 Democrat. 
 
 1 
 B. H. WhiteJj.M.D.Joslin, 
 Republican. Demucrat. 
 
 
 123 
 
 91 
 
 106 
 
 405 
 
 112 
 
 166 
 
 72 
 
 209 
 
 331 
 
 101 
 
 59 
 
 225 
 
 142 
 
 
 
 173 
 
 270 
 
 70 
 
 99 
 
 62 
 323 
 119 
 
 45 
 113 
 
 35 
 234 
 102 
 
 96 
 103 
 
 26 
 161 
 
 40 
 136 
 
 88 
 88 
 87 
 
 347 
 88 
 
 120 
 61 
 
 193 
 
 319 
 86 
 65 
 
 162 
 
 81 
 
 5 
 
 117 
 
 234 
 
 34 
 
 105 
 
 56 
 
 81 
 94 
 88 
 
 42 
 
 
 98 
 
 Clav 
 
 55 
 
 
 233 1 376 
 
 207 
 
 Greeufield 
 
 Hale 
 
 117 
 30 
 05 
 44 
 
 193 
 
 90 
 125 
 
 63 
 
 ■199 
 
 331 
 
 115 
 25 
 
 .Jackson 
 
 90 
 
 
 38 
 
 
 181 
 
 Oxfoi-d 
 
 107 1 87 
 
 106 
 
 Richlaml 
 
 85 
 92 
 "31 
 120 
 33 
 81 
 
 66 
 181 
 
 82 
 
 6 
 
 119 
 
 272 
 
 84 
 
 Rome 
 
 84 
 
 
 30 
 
 Washincton 
 
 120 
 
 Wayne ... 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 31 
 42 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 2591 
 
 1763 
 
 . 2141 
 
 1 456 2259 
 
 1348 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 LYNCH L.\AV. 
 
 In the early part of the month of December, 1857, Hiram Roberts, a 
 reputed thief, counterfeiter and desperado, fell into the hands of the Vigilance 
 Committee, about four hundred strong, near Red Oak Grove, in Cedar County. 
 Roberts was brought into Walnut Fork, in Jones County, tried by the com- 
 mittee, found guilty and hanged. 
 
 We have made diligent inquiry in reference to the hanging of Roberts, 
 and, from what we can learn, the parties engaged in the transaction deserve to 
 be severely censured. It is stated by some who resided in the county at the 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 355 
 
 time, and had a full knowledge of the facts, that before the arrest of Roberts 
 could be made, he being armed at the time, a pledge was made to him that in 
 case he would peaceably surrender, he should be taken to the County seat and 
 there allowed a fair and impartial trial. If this be true, and there seems to be 
 good reason for believing it, the action of the Committee was decidedly an out- 
 rage, for which they deserve to be severely reproached. We are told by one 
 who was a member of the Committee, that the protest of many was entered at 
 the time, but without effect. Whatever may have been the character of Rob- 
 erts, the pledge of the Committee was binding and ought to have been so 
 regarded. In justice to those who executed this man, it is proper to state that 
 this portion of the State of Iowa was, at that time, infested with a set of 
 outlaws and horse-thieves, and that severe measures were imperative to the end 
 that the country might be safe, and purged of desperadoes. Again, it is affirmed 
 that courts of justice had frequently been sought, but failed to be a means of 
 redress. Juries feared to condemn men whom they believed guilty, lest they 
 might soon suffer in loss of life or property. 
 
 Without doubt, the Vigilance Committee was a means of doing much last- 
 ing good to the country, but in the case of having made a solemn pledge, we 
 can but think it incumbent upon them to have faithfully kept the same. 
 
 A TORNADO. 
 
 On Sunday, June 3, 1860, a most terrible tornado passed over Linn, a por- 
 tion of Jones, Clinton and other counties of low'a and Illinois, resulting in 
 serious loss of life. Greenfield and Rome ToAvnships were in the path of the 
 whirlwind, in Jones County, where nine persons were killed. 
 
 The following account of the casualties was given in the Anamosa 
 Eureka : 
 
 " W. Allen's famih% living in the house of William Robinson, was killed, 
 and the house blown to atoms. The family consisted of Mr. and Mrs. Allen, 
 one boy, seven years old, and two little girls, aged five and two years. John 
 Niles, of Cedar County, had stopped at Allen's house a short time before the 
 storm, and was also killed. Mr. Allen and Mr. Niles were alive when found, 
 but died shortly after. The others were instantly killed and horribly mangled. 
 Mr. Allen was found about five rods north from where the house stood. Mrs. 
 Allen lay twenty-five rods to the southwest; one girl thirty-three rods south- 
 west, and the other, sixty-five rods to the southeast ; the boy was about forty 
 rods distant from the house, in the same direction. One of the sills of the 
 house, sixteen feet long and eight by ten inches, was found about thirty rods 
 west, buried thirteen feet in the soil of the prairie. 
 
 •' Here the storm was most destructive. The ground was literally plowed 
 up, covered with rails, stakes, etc., standing upright, some of them buried half 
 their length in the ground. The grass was cut shorter than it could have been 
 with a scythe. 
 
 " Nine head of horses, thirteen head of cattle and twelve of hogs were 
 found dead on one eighty-acre lot, and nearly as many more were taken from 
 the same land badly injured. Dead dogs, rabbits, cats, domestic and prairie 
 chickens were also found. 
 
 " Charles Robinson's house was blown down, his property destroyed and 
 his family injured to some extent. Andrew Pettit suffered the loss of his 
 house. The family were saved by taking refuge in the cellar. Schoolhouses 
 in Subdistricts No. 6 and No. 4, in Greenfield Township, were demolished. 
 
356 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 William Khol lost both house and barn, though the family escaped with but 
 slight injury. 
 
 " G. W. Lattimer's house was blown down and his family severely injured. 
 Jacob Cole was left homeless, and mourns the severe injuries of two children. 
 E. M. Nickerson's dwelling was carried entirely from the foundations, but with- 
 out injury to its inhabitants. M. H. Nickerson's house was carried away. 
 The family were, fortunately, absent. Isaac Staffy's home was destroyed, and 
 his family somewhat injured. 
 
 '' In Rome Township, Mr. Piper's house Avas swept from its foundations, 
 and two of his children killed. Mr. Piper suffered a double fracture in his 
 arm, and his wife experienced some severe bruises. His barn was unroofed 
 and almost completely destroyed. A heavy lumber wagon near his barn was 
 entirely demolished, and the iron-work twisted and bent in almost every 
 shape. 
 
 •' Elisha Miller lost his house, crops, etc. His son, twelve years of age, 
 was killed, and his wife badly injured. Samuel Cook, a young man living 
 with Mr. Miller, was severely maimed. N. Bernard's house was entirely 
 destroyed, and his family more or less afflicted by physical suffering. The 
 houses of Mr. Scoles, William May and William Brockelhurst were almost com- 
 pletely demolished." 
 
 AN EXPENSIVE FUNERAL. 
 
 The following incident is taken from the Anamosa Eureka of February 
 24, 1860 : 
 
 " Last week, a man hailing from Washington Township, in this county, 
 called on the County Judge and presented a bill of $26 for burying a pauper. 
 The Judge remarked that he thought the bill rather high, and asked for the 
 items. 
 
 " The man said he paid $10 for the coffin, $2 for the shroud and $1.50 for 
 digging the grave. 
 
 " ' What other expenses were there ? ' asked the Judge. 
 
 " ' We bought three gallons of ivhisky, some tobacco, coffee, tea and 
 sugar. ' 
 
 " ' Well,' said the Judge, ' I will allow you the amount of your claim for 
 the coffin, shroud and digging the grave, but the other things cannot be paid 
 for by the county.' 
 
 " The applicant replied that he was authorized by the Township Trustees 
 to purchase the whisky and other articles for a ivake, and he thought the 
 county ought to pay the claims. 
 
 " The Judge refused to make the allowance and the claimant departed, 
 threatening to sue the Trustees for the amount." 
 
 WAR HISTORY. 
 
 If there is any one thing more than another of which the people of the 
 Northern States have reason to be proud, it is of the record they made during 
 the dark and blood}"^ days of the war of the rebellion. When the war was 
 forced upon the country, the people were quietly pursuing the even tenor of 
 their ways, doing whatever their hands found to do — making farms or culti- 
 vating those already made, erecting homes, founding cities and towns, building 
 shops and manufactories — in short, the country was alive with industry and 
 hopes for the future. The people were just recovering from the depressions 
 
(i^JeAt~~£),y^. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 359 
 
 and losses incident to the financial panic of 1857. The future looked bright 
 and promising, and the industrious and patriotic sons and daughters of the 
 Free States were buoyant with hope — looking forward to the perfecting of new 
 plans for the securement of comfort and competence in the declining years of 
 life; they little heeded the mutterings and threatenings of treason's children 
 in the Slave States of the South. True sons and descendants of the heroes 
 of the " times that tried men's souls" — the struggle for American indepen- 
 dence — they never dreamed that there was even one so base as to dare attempt 
 the d(>structi()n of the Union of their fathers — a government baptized with the 
 best blood the world ever knew. While immediately surrounded with peace 
 and tranquillity, they paid but little attention to the rumored plots and plans 
 of those who lived and grew rich from the sweat and toil, blood and flesh of 
 others ; aye, even trafficked in the offspring of their own loins. Nevertheless, 
 the war came, with all its attendant horrors. 
 
 April 12, 1861, Fort Sumter, at Charleston, South Carolina, Maj. 
 Anderson, U. S. A., Commandant, Avas fired upon by rebel arms. Although 
 basest treason, this first act in the bloody reality that followed, was looked 
 upon as the mere bravado of a few hot-heads, the act of a few fire-eaters 
 whose sectional bias and freedom hatred was crazed by excessive indulgence in 
 intoxicating potions. When, a day later, the news was borne along the tele- 
 graphic wires that Maj. Anderson had been forced to surrender to what had 
 at first been regarded as a drunken mob, the patriotic people of the North 
 were startled from the dreams of the future, from undertakings half completed, 
 and made to realize that behind that mob there was a dark, deep and well- 
 organized purpose to destroy the Government, rend the Union in twain, and 
 out of its ruins erect a slave oligarchy, wherein no one would dare question 
 their right to hold in bondage the sons and daughters of men whose skins were 
 black, or who, perchance, through practices of lustful natures, were half or 
 quarter removed from the color that God, for His OAvn purposes, had given 
 them. But "they reckoned without their host." Their dreams of the future, 
 their plans for the establishment of an independent confederacy, were doomed 
 from their inception to sad and bitter disappointment. 
 
 Immediately upon the surrender of Fort Sumter, Abraham Lincoln — Amer- 
 ica's martyr President — who, but a few short weeks before, had taken the oath 
 of office as the nation's chief Executive, issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 
 volunteers for three months. The last word of that proclamation had scarcely 
 been taken from the electric wires before the call was filled. Men and money 
 were counted out by the thousands. The people who loved their whole Govern- 
 ment could not give enough. Patriotism thrilled and vibrated and pulsated 
 through every heart. The farm, the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, 
 the bench, the college, the schoolhouse — every calling off"ered its best men. their 
 lives and their fortunes in defense of the Government's honor and unity. Party 
 lines were for the time ignored. Bitter words, spoken in moments of political 
 heat, wei'e forgotten and forgiven, and, joining hands in a common cause, they 
 repeated the oath of America's soldier-statesman, " By the Great Eternal, 
 THE Union must and shall be preserved I " 
 
 Seventy-five thousand men were not enough to subdue the rebellion. Nor 
 were ten times that number. The war went on, and call followed call, until it 
 began to look as if there would not be men enough in all the Free States to 
 crush out and subdue the monstrous war traitors had inaugurated. But to every 
 call for either men or money, there was a willing and ready response. And it 
 is a boast of the people that, had the supply of men fallen short, there were 
 
 
 
360 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 women brave enough, daring enough, patriotic enough, to have offered them- 
 selves as sacrifices on their countr^^'s altar. Such were the impulses, motives 
 and actions of the patriotic men of the North, among whom the loyal sons of 
 Jones County, Iowa, made a conspicuous and praiseworthy record. 
 
 The compiler has sought to secure a continuous record of all the patriotic 
 meetings of the people of the county in the order in which they took place, but 
 as many meetings were held of which no record was kept, except in the faith- 
 ful breasts of loyal men and liberty-loving women, the war history must be 
 more or less fragmentary, and, in a great measure, not as satisfactory as he had 
 hoped to have made it. He has searched all the files of newspapers published 
 in the county at the time, and the result of his research is given below. He 
 feels gratified to state that enough has been secured to testify most emphatically 
 to the unbounded heroism and lofty patriotism of the loyal citizens of Jones 
 County during the days of the nation's darkest forebodings. No county in the 
 State sent out braver men, and no ^.'tate in the Union can boast of a more 
 glorious record. 
 
 UNION MEETING. 
 
 Pursuant to notice, the citizens of Jones County, irrespective of party, 
 assembled in mass convention at the Court House, in Anamosa, on Saturday, 
 the 19th day of January, 1861, at 11 o'clock A, M. 
 
 On motion of Dr. N. G. Sales, Messrs. Davis McCarn and E. V. Miller 
 were appointed Temporary Chairmen, and Matt Parrott and J. L. Sheean, 
 Secretaries. 
 
 On motion of W. G. Hammond, Esq., the Chair was empowered to appoint 
 a Committee of five on Permanent Organization, and appointed as such Com- 
 mittee Messrs. W. G. Hammond, N. G. Sales, George W. Field, C. Chapman 
 and C. T. Lamson. 
 
 E. Cutler, Esq., moved that the convention adjourn for one week — the late 
 storm having prevented an attendance from the other parts of the county. Lost. 
 
 On motion of 0. Burke, Esq., the Chair appointed 0. Burke, J. J. Dick- 
 inson, S. T. Pierce, E. Cutler and J. Mann as a Committee on Resolutions. 
 The Committee assembled at the time designated. 
 
 The Committee on Permanent Organization reported as follows : President, 
 G. W. Field ; Vice Presidents, Messrs. J. Mann. \V. H. Holmes and F. S. 
 McKean; Secretaries, Messrs. John S. Stacy and J. L. Sheean — which report 
 was received and adopted. 
 
 The Committee on Resolutions, not being ready to report, the convention 
 was addressed by N. G. Sales, W. G. Hammond and others. The Committee 
 on Resolutions appeared, and, through S. T. Pierce, Esq., reported the follow- 
 ing preamble and resolutions : 
 
 Whekeas, The people of Jones County, in mass convention assembled, without distinction 
 of party, believing thai the present unhappy condition of our country demands the immediate 
 and serious attention of every good citizen and patriot; and, further, believing that it is idle 
 and impolitic to discuss the causes of present calamities, but most expedient to search for a 
 remedy which will cure our present difficulties and secure to us permanent and national tran- 
 quillity, and to that end and for that purpose we will divest ourselves of party feelings and 
 sectional prcjiidices, in order to best promote and secure present and future harmony and 
 union ; therefore, 
 
 Resolvfd, That we are unwilling now to abandon or in the least endanger the Union of the 
 States, which lias existed so long with such unprecedented results, both as to our individual and 
 national happiness and prosperity. 
 
 Resnlvd, Thai the Federal Government is one of limited power derived solely from the 
 Constitution, and the grants of power made therein ought to be strictly construed by all depart- 
 ments and agents of the Government. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 361 
 
 Resolved, That we are in favor of the equality of the States in the distribution of all ben- 
 efits and burdens of our Government, and a prompt, energetic and impartial administration of 
 all constitutional laws; and upon this principle we stand, hoping and demanding of our Sena- 
 tors and Representatives in Congress that they will make every eifort in their power to effect an 
 equal, liberal and equitable adjustment of present national difficulties. 
 
 Resolved, That we love and cherish the Government under which we live, and hold in high 
 esteem and regard our brothers of the Southern States, and regret that there are mutual sub- 
 jects of complaini and difference existing between the Northern and Southern sections of our 
 confederacy, and believe that our differences can be better settled in the Union than out of it, 
 and that such difficulties and differences can be arranged and settled if a mutual spirit of fore- 
 bearance and good will is exercised by both our Northern and Southern brethren, and that it is 
 a right and a duty we owe to each other to make Just concessions to restore peace and harmony 
 between the diff'erent sections of the countrj*. 
 
 Resolved, That, in the words of .James Buchanan, " resistance to lawful authority, under 
 our form of Government, cannot fail, in the end, to prove disastrous to its authors ;" that we 
 therefore appeal to our Southern brethren to cease such resistance and to submit the questions 
 in dispute hetween tis to the (constitutional authorities of our common country. 
 
 Resolvd, That, in the noble stand taken by Maj. Anderson in defense of the flag of our 
 Union and the property it should protect calls for the admiration and respect of every lover of 
 his country. 
 
 On motion of N. G. Sales, the report of the Committee Avas received and 
 the Committee discharged. Moved that the resolutions be voted on separately. 
 Lost. 
 
 On motion of W. H. Holmes, the resolutions were adopted. N. G. Sales 
 moved that the proceedings of the convention, with the resolutions adopted, be 
 published in the Anamosa Eureka and the Marion Democrat. Carried. S. T. 
 Pierce moved that a copy of the proceedings and resolutions of this convention 
 be forwarded to each of our Senators and Representatives in Congress. Carried. 
 
 On motion, the convention adjourned sine die. John S. Stacy and J. L. 
 Sheean, Secretaries. 
 
 THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS' RESOLUTIONS OF LOYALTY, .JUNE 6, 1861. 
 
 The Supervisors of Jones County closed their labors Thursday, June 6, 
 1861, by passing the following: 
 
 Whereas, The great American nation has, under the kind guidance of Almighty God and a 
 patriotic and liberty-loving people, safely passed through eighty-four anniversaries without the 
 hand of a domestic traitor having been raised to overthrow the noble fabric of constitutional 
 liberty raised by the patriots of the Revolution ; 
 
 And VVhekeas, In the present year of grace, 1861, and on the eve of the eighty-fifth anni- 
 versary of our national independence, we see, for the first time, numerous and thoroughly 
 organized traitors raising their fratricidal hands with a view to force the dismemberment and 
 overthrow of the best government on the earth, we deem it expedient to call upon the whole 
 people of .Jones County to come together on the approaching -Ith day of July, and, with united 
 liearts and hands manifest their devotion to the nation, its unity, and the principles of the Dec- 
 laration of Independence ; therefore 
 
 Resolved, That the Board appoint a Committee of citizens from each township, and request 
 them to make all necessary arrangements for the celebration of the eighty-fifth anniversary of 
 American Independence. 
 
 Resolved, That we recommend that the citizens of the whole county assemble at the grove- 
 half a mile south of the center of the county, in the northeast corner of Jackson Township, and 
 bring with them such provisions and lumber as will be suflScient to provide tables and refresh- 
 ments for all. 
 
 Rei-olved, That the Committee be requested to provide a band of music, powder and speakers- 
 for the occasion. 
 
 Resolved, That the following individuals in the various townships are hereby appointed a 
 Committee to make all necessary arrangements ; and they are requested to meet on the ground 
 where said ce'ebration is proposed to be held, on the 20th day of June, at 10 o'clock A. M., and 
 there take such action as to them may seem proper: Names of Committee — Cass, E. B. Alder- 
 man; Castle Grove, Thomas J. Peak: Clr.y, John Russell; Fairvievv, N. G. Sales, C. C. Buell ; 
 Greenfield, Elias V. Miller; Hale, Don A. Carpi.'nter; Jackson, Daniel N. Monroe; Madison, 
 John Niles; Monticello, W. H. Walworth; O.iford, Milo C. Lathrop ; Richland, Isaac Willard ;^ 
 
362 HISTORY OF JONKS COUNTY. 
 
 Rome. Charles II. I^iill; Scotch (Jrovc, A.J.Allen; Washington, Thomas McNally ; Wayne, 
 Noah Riijley ; Wyoming, .lames .V. Hroiison. 
 
 Rcsdlvcd, That the sum of one hundred dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is 
 hereby appropriated from the county treasury for tlie purpose of providing music and powder. 
 
 Tliu.s it is seen that the Board of Supervi.sors of Jones County, in 1861, 
 were decidedly loyal and eminently patriotic. 
 
 PATRIOTIC MEETING IN ROME. 
 
 A Union meeting was held in the grove near the village of Rome, on the 
 24th of May, 1861. The citizens of the town and vicinity turned out c;i masse. 
 The meeting came to order by electing Ezra Carpenter, Escj., Chairman. 
 
 A patriotic and soul-stirring address was delivered by the Rev. 0. E. Aid- 
 rich, which was received with frequent demonstrations of applause by the people. 
 After the address, three cheers were given for the Union, with a vim that spoke 
 love for our country and death to traitors. A company of Homo Guards at 
 this time was nearly full. E. C. Rigby was the Secretary at the above meet- 
 ing. 
 
 THE COUNTY FOURTH OF JULY CELEBRATION. 
 
 A grand county celebration of the Fourth of July, took place in pursuance 
 of the resolutions and suggestions of the Board of Supervisors, made at their 
 June meeting in 1861. The celebration was on Thursday, the 4th of July, 
 1861. 
 
 The perilous condition of the country brought men of all parties together 
 to observe the anniversary of our national birth, and to repeat anew their vows 
 to freedom. Early in the morning, teams, singly and in companies, began to 
 throng from all parts of the county toward the point which had been desig- 
 nated by the Bourd of Supervisors, near the center of the county. At 10 o'clock, 
 A. M., the scene was the strangest of the kind ever encountered in the West. 
 The road ran along a high ridge, and on both sides of it and on each of 
 the wide and gently sloping spurs, shooting out every few rods, were horses, 
 wagons, buggies, carriages, men, women, children and babies by the thousands ; 
 and, in every direction, the American Hag iloated in the light and refreshing 
 breeze, which, with the shade of the sufficiently abundant oaks, tempered the 
 heat of a warm summer day. Such an assembly in a city is common enough, 
 but this was an assembly in the wilderness. Not a house, not a sign that man 
 had touched nature here was visible, save in the few brief days' labor of the 
 Committee of Preparation. It was a fitting place wherein to assemble on such 
 a day and for such a ])urpose, when the nation Avas in its life and death struggle 
 for existence. 
 
 The Committee of Arrangements had done as well as could be hoped for in 
 the short time allowed them, and better than could have been expected. On 
 the rather steep slope of a spur, north of the road, a staging had been erected 
 facing up the slope, and, in front of this, seats sufficient to accommodate, per- 
 haps, one thousand persons. Back of the stage, and at the bottom of the ravine, 
 a well had been dug some ton or more feet deep, and, at the bottom, a 
 barrel fixed. It was a comical sort of a well, but it served the purpose, in a 
 measure, for some hours. 
 
 On another ridge and back of the wall, stood the six-pounder, manned by 
 the Wyoming Artillery Company, in gray shirts, under Capt. Walker. The 
 other military companies were the Canton Company, Capt. Hanna; they wore 
 
IITSTOIIV OF J()Ni:S COUNTY. 363 
 
 red military coats, were armed with rifles and were fine looking; the Rough 
 and Readys, of Rome, Capt. L. A. Roberts, with blue military coats, white 
 pants and glazed caps, sixty-five men, also fine looking: Carpenter's Company, 
 Rome, Capt. Carpenter, eighty men, with gray coats, likewise made a fine 
 appearance; the Greenfield Company, mounting eighty men, John Secrist, 
 Commander: these were in frock coats and wore white plumes; they, too, 
 showed well, and still more in drill and fitness for the most desperate fighting; 
 the Scotch Grove Guards, from Scotch Grove. Capt. Magee, formed a large 
 company; these wore no uniforms, but their appearance indicated they were 
 the right men for fighting. There were six companies of young men, all 
 formed and drilled, in the space of three months. It appears that all these 
 entered the army in due time and did good service. 
 
 The proceedings at the stand were patriotic and entertaining. During the 
 reading of the Declaration of Independence, the general attention was close, 
 and the responsibilities of the hour seemed to impress all minds. The singing, 
 with the Marshal waving the star-spangled banner to the words, was very 
 effective. The address was by a Mr, Utley — a good Union speech, and was 
 very generally approved. Music by the various military bands was abundant and 
 lively. The picnic that followed was much enjoyed by all who partook of the 
 dainties provided for the occasion. The military went through with some of 
 their exercises and then the proceedings of the afternoon began, which con- 
 sisted of speeches from difterent persons, when, owing to a want of an abun- 
 dant supply of water, the vast assembly Avas dispersed at a much earlier hour 
 than it otherwise would have been. 
 
 It was evident that the loyalty of Jones County could be relied upon, and 
 that her citizens were ready to do their full duty in crushing out treason. 
 
 INCIDENTS OF ENLIST.MENT. 
 
 Up to the IDth of July, 18G1, Jones County had sent no company of its 
 own to the war, but had contributed many of its best citizens to companies 
 raised in adjoining counties. 
 
 At least a half-dozen men went into Capt. Leffingwell's mounted company. 
 Four went from the villaije of Bowen's Prairie, viz., Howard Smith, Orin 
 Crane, Theodore Hopkins and Isaac White. Their departure for the seat of 
 war was the occasion of a very pleasant scene which occurred at their rendez- 
 vous in the beautiful grove near the residence of Otis Whittemore. The Home 
 Guards of that town, under command of Lieut. Isaac Willard, escorted them 
 some miles on their way, after a solemn leave-taking and addresses by Messrs. 
 Bates, Searle, Johnson, 0. Whittemore, Willard, Briggs and Hopkins. Rev. Mr. 
 Searle was with the mounted escort, and offered, on horseback, a prayer that was 
 alike impressive in itself and in the circumstances and situation of its delivery. 
 
 Mr. White had not volunteered with the rest, but sat watching the proceed- 
 ings, when Curtis Stone, Esq., rode up on a fine horse, the best he owned. 
 "If I had that horse," said White, "I would go too." "Take it," was the 
 rejjly. " It is 3'ours." No sooner said than done. White vaulted into the 
 saddle and started to fight for his country. 
 
 Here is another incident, which we take from the Dubuque Times (dated 
 in July, 1861) : 
 
 " ^1 Patriotic Chrijijman. — A gentleman from this city has been enlisting 
 men in Jones County for the cavalry company of which Col. Heath is Lieu- 
 tenant. In Scotch Grove Township, a young man eidisted and went to a 
 
364 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 clei-f^yman to buy a horse. The reverend gentleman said he had no horse sell to 
 for this war, but, pointing to the best one he had, 'There's one,' said he, 
 ' which you are welcome to.' " 
 
 Such patriotism is praiseworthy. 
 
 FIRST COMPANY OF VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 About the 10th of August, 1861, William T. Shaw, Esq., who had been 
 appointed Commissary by the Governor, was notified that a company of volun- 
 teers would be accepted, and he immediately went to work to raise it. The 
 various companies of Home Guards were invited to come to Anamosa, and on 
 Monday, the 12th of August, twenty-eight wagons came in from Rome, Hale, 
 Jackson and Madison Townships, bringing a company under Capt. Carpenter. 
 Tuesday, some eighteen or twenty wagons arrived from Scotch Grove, with 
 thirty-five men, under Capt. Magee, and accompanied by thirty ladies. This 
 latter company was met at the depot by those who came the day previous and 
 the Greenfield Home Guards, who escorted them to the Fisher House, the 
 Scotch Grove ladies falling into the procession behind, and remaining in line 
 with them until dismissed for dinner. 
 
 In the afternoon, a meeting was held at the City Hall, for the purpose of 
 filling the company, electing officers, etc. But, unfortunately, a split occurred 
 in regard to the destination of the company. The Scotch Grove boys said 
 thev volunteered under a promise to be taken to Washington, and did not want 
 to go anywhere el-sc, Avhile Mr. Shaw had orders for the company to proceed to 
 Davenport, from whence they were to go to Missouri. The Scotch Grove boys 
 and fifteen volunteers from Bowen's Prairie finally withdrew, declaring they 
 would make up another company. 
 
 The company under Capt. Carpenter remained, and most of them signed the 
 muster-roll. The election resulted in the unajiimous choice of D. A. Carpenter for 
 Captain. The company not being full, men were sent out to drum up recruits, 
 and at the time of starting, the company numbered sixty-three men. 
 
 Thursday morning was the time fixed upon for the departure of the com- 
 pany. At an early hour, the friends of the volunteers came pouring into town 
 by hundreds. The men were formed into line in front of the Fisher House, and 
 each one was presented with a Testament by the Jones County Bible Society, 
 Rev. Mr. Eberhart making a few appropriate remarks during the presentation. 
 
 Mr. Buell was then called upon, and briefly addressed the company, giving 
 them some good advice, wishing them God-speed and a safe return, and bid- 
 ding them fiirewell. 
 
 The company was then marched to the depot, Avhere was assembled the 
 largest crowd seen in the town for a long time. Many ladies were present 
 through the entire morning and up to the moment the cars started. There 
 were many sad faces and a few cheerful ones ; many tears, and some manly 
 tears, too, were shed. The boys took their seats, the conductor gave the word, 
 and the cars and their precious load were off. 
 
 Thus the first Jones County company Avas formed and took its departure 
 for the seat of war. 
 
 GRAND TURN-OUT OF MILITARY AND CITIZENS. 
 
 Monday, the 19th of August, 1861, was an epoch in the history of Jones 
 €ounty. If any one had ever doubted the patriotic feeling of its citizens, they 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 365 
 
 could no longer do so. The fires of patriotism burned brightly in their bosoms, 
 and their devotion to the cause of civil and religious liberty was clearly evinced 
 by their ardor in responding to the call of their country, and showed, beyond a 
 doubt, that the noble blood of '76 was still coursing in their veins ; and they 
 were prepared, if necessary, to shed tiieir blood for the preservation of those 
 rights and that liberty which were won by the blood and sacrifices of our fathers. 
 It had been announced that on INIonday, the 19th inst., the company of Jones 
 County volunteers, under Capt. Harper, would meet at the picnic grounds near 
 Monticello, and be presented with a flag by the ladies of Bowen's Prairie. 
 About noon, the volunteers from Scotch Grove, Clay and vicinity, began to 
 arrive at Monticello accompanied by a large concourse of friends. After par- 
 taking of dinner provided by the landlord at Monticello, the procession, consist- 
 ing of sixty-four teams, proceeded to the grounds with banners flying and drums 
 beating. Upon arriving at the gi-ounds, the procession from Bowen's Prairie 
 was seen winding its way into the grove, consisting of volunteers, people, colors 
 and music. The two processions soon formed themselves around the speaker's 
 stand, and the meeting was organized b}' calling John D. Walwortli to act as 
 President. An appropriate and eloquent prayer Avas then offered by the Rev. 
 Mr. Bates, of Cascade. Mr, Clark then sang the "■ Red, White and Blue." 
 After the song. Miss Emma Crane, in behalf of the ladies of Bowen's Prairie, 
 then presented the company with an elegant flag accompanied by the following 
 address : 
 
 "Jones County Volunteers: As the representative of and in behalf of the 
 ladies of Bowen's Prairie, I appear before you holding in my hand the emblem 
 of our country's purity, liberty and greatness — the Stars and Stripes. I 
 have the honor and pleasure of bestowing upon you and consigning to your 
 charge this banner, as the free gift of the ladies of Bowen's Prairie ; and, upon 
 your reception of this simple favor, may I be allowed the privilege of briefly 
 expressing the sentiments of its donors ; and I would especially impress upon 
 your minds the idea that I come not fresh from the school-girl's sanctum, with 
 a labored essay of fairy scenes and flowery fields, to quiet your minds to a 
 standard of peaceful home life. No ! I come to speak to you of the agitated 
 state of your country, in which woman feels, or should feel, the same spirit of 
 animation that governs your purposes and actions. And if, in thus assuming 
 this prerogative, my language should seem uncouth or lack versatility, I hope 
 I may receive the charitable indulgence of all, for, you must be aware, to com- 
 municate upon a topic that very seldom falls to the lot of a wom;^n, and in a 
 time and under circumstances that have never before presented themselves to 
 the women of our country, is an efl'ort that demands the tongue of excellence. 
 
 "We now look upon you in a military capacity, organized as a band of soldiers, 
 and each of you more or less animated by the enthusiasm that universally per- 
 vades every true American heart at this time. While looking out upon the 
 scene before you, of mighty convulsions, an extensive civil war threatening the 
 very foundation of the noble in^.titutions of our government upon which our 
 individual prosperity is based, we come to ask of you : What is the standard of 
 your enthusiasm? Is it a lofty standard of public morality ? Do pure and 
 exalted conceptions of truth and justice pervade your hearts ? We shall 
 acknowledge nothing less than this from each of you. You want our reasons ? 
 You shall have them. This is no time for idle speculations or timid misgivings. 
 For a score or more of years the mighty sluice-ways of political corruption 
 have been opening and swelling, fed and fostered by an arbitrary disposition on 
 the part of a few, to curtail and crush out the noble privileges enjoyed by the 
 
366 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 masses, till the people see looming fires of destruction in the distance, and 
 awake at once to a sense of their danger and act as exigency dictates. Our 
 country's traitors are aroused, and announce their right to destroy the Union, 
 and they have placed themselves in an attitude to carry out their intentions at 
 the point of the bayonet. * * * Soldiers ! Ave have put to you one plain 
 question, and Ave will now submit one still plainer. Are you afraid to fight ? 
 If so, you are not worthy recipients of that flag Avhich was purchased, and that 
 dearly, by blood ; and it must be sustained and protected, however difficult, by 
 the same element, else look at the result — the country broken and ruined in all 
 her institutions, and naught left but here and there the segments of what it 
 once was. * * * "^Ve have too much confidence in you and in our country's 
 defenders to suppose that such a state of things can ever exist in our land. 
 Here Ave see men ripe with patriotism, sound in sentiment, full of vigor, quick 
 in conception to thus early see and do their duty and their country's need, full 
 of pride, ambition and native dignity, freely responding to their country's call. 
 And noAv, soldiers, divesting myself of every disposition to flattery, we have 
 reason to feel proud of you — Jones County has reason to feel proud of you — 
 that thus vou so Avillingly enroll yourselves, and freely leave your homes, your 
 firesides, your parents, brothers, sisters and families to support your country's 
 flag. Now take this flag, and may its folds proudly wave above your heads 
 wherever your country calls ! Let no dishonor ever stain this emblem, and in 
 advance upon the foe may it be found in the van ! Take it ! Go with Avilling 
 hearts ! Defend ! Sustain it ! Bring it back untarnished I Then look for 
 happy homes and ever-greeting friends." 
 
 The presentation address was replied to by Capt. Harper, on behalf of the 
 company, in a feAv appropriate remarks, thanking the ladies for their beautiful 
 gift, and pledging themselves to bear it aloft in the van and to defend it while 
 one was alive to uphold it, and return Avith it or on it. Rev. Mr. Bates, of 
 Cascade, was then called upon, and made an eloquent speech in behalf of the 
 Union and the Constitution, and, among other things, urged the necessity not 
 only of praying, but fighting. Rev. Mr. Russell addressed the crowd in a few 
 appropriate remarks upon the necessity of maintaining the Government and 
 sustaining law and order at any sacrifice and at any cost. Rev. Mr. Benton, 
 of Anamosa, also spoke to the volunteers Avords of encouragement, and assured 
 them of the sympathy and confidence of their friends, and maintained that the 
 cause for which they Avere engaging to fight Avas a righteous one and must be 
 triumphant. 
 
 In accordance Avith a resolution of the Jones County Bible Society, a 
 Testament Avas presented to each of the volunteers, in behalf of the Society, by 
 the Rev. James McKean, of Scotch Grove. In making the presentation, Mr. 
 McKean briefly addressed the company, urging each to be governed by the 
 precepts taught in that book. John Russell, of Clay ToAvnship, replied in 
 behalf of the company. Appropriate remarks were made by the Chairman, 
 urging the duty of volunteering for the defense of our country, our dearest rights 
 and our blood-bought principles. The recruits then fell in and were marched 
 to the table, Avhere they and a large number of others partook of a bountiful 
 collation, prepared b^' the generous-hearted people of BoAven's Prairie. 
 
 After partaking of refreshments, a large portion of the crowd dispersed, Avhile 
 some remained to listen to other patriotic addresses. The day was one long to 
 be remembered by the patriotic citizens of Jones County, and fraught with 
 bursts of enthusiasm for Liberty and Union. 
 
 Capt. Harper's company A\'as the second sent out from Jones County. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 367 
 
 FLAG PRESENTATION AND DEPARTURE. 
 
 Monday, the 4th of November, 1861, witnessed a large turn-out of the 
 inhabitants of Anamosa and vicinity to attend two flag presentations ; one to 
 Capt. Buells company and one to Capt. Warner's company, and the departure 
 of Capt. Buell's company for camp at Davenport, Capt. Warner's company 
 having ah-eady left for the same place the week previous. 
 
 Eai'ly in the morning, teams and people began to come, and Capt. Buell's 
 company formed in front of the Fisher House, under First Lieut. Calkins, pre- 
 ceded by the Anamosa Brass Band, and next by the ladies who got up and were 
 to present the flags, and followed by the soldiers in ranks, the procession 
 marched to the hill Avest of the depot, where the ceremonies took place. 
 
 The Committees were : For Capt. Buell's company — Mrs. L. A. Eber' 
 hart. Miss Eliza Isbell and Miss Emma May ; Standard Bearers, Miss Emma 
 May and Miss Lecia Hopkins. For Capt. Warner's Company — Mrs. P. Smith, 
 Miss Carrie Heacox and Miss Emma Crane ; Standard Bearers, Miss Alice 
 Crane and Miss Marcia Crane. Miss Eliza Isbell presented the flag to Capt. 
 Buell's company, with the following eloquent remarks : 
 
 Capt. Buell : It is with intense emotion that we are called to mingle in these passing 
 scenes. That the present state of our country requires the sacrifice of such a noble band of men, 
 is a fact which thrills our hearts with pain. Yet we greatly admire that lofty patriotism which 
 leads you thus to turn away from the comforts and endearments of home to serve our country. 
 It requires far more than ordinary devotion to the cause of freedom, and it is in token of our 
 appreciation of such devotion that we present to you these our national colors. Never have we 
 loved the Stars and Stripes as we do now. They have indeed become a bond of union between the 
 hearts of all true American freemen, and never will we yield our glorious standard to the hand 
 of tyranny or oppression. 
 
 We give it to you, knowing that you love it, that you will protect it, that you will tight until 
 our flag shall wave from North to South, from shore to shore of our loved and native land. Our 
 patriotic enthusiasm is aroused as we begin to realize the glory of those'deeds which have been 
 accomplished under the shadow of our national banner. But it is mingled with thoughts of 
 indignation against those who trample it in the dust. 
 
 From our hearts we bid you God-speed in the contest between liberty and despotism. 
 
 Then accept this humble offering from the ladies of Anamosa : and whilst you are engaged in the 
 strife abroad, we, with weaker hands, but with patriotic hearts, will plead with the Invisible 
 One in behalf of those who defend our rights, and for the speedy triumph of our holy cause. 
 That the shield of the Eternal may be your defense, that each one of you may return to your 
 homes, crowned with the glory of successful warfare, that you may yet beliold this nation restored 
 to prosperity, and so purified by this fearful struggle as to become a fit model to the nations of 
 the earth, is a prayer in which our inmost souls shall daily join. But should any of these 
 proud forms be laid low by traitors' hands, it will be falling nobly. Our grateful hearts shall 
 cherisli the memory of your patriotism, and if you are as faithful in the service of God as we 
 believe you will be in that of your country, it will be passing away with earthly laurels on your 
 brows to unfading crowns above. 
 
 Capt. Buell responded in a feeling manner, thanking the ladies for their beau- 
 tiful gift, and pledging himself to defend it to the best of his ability. Three 
 cheers were then given for the ladies of Anamosa, three more for the Stars and 
 Stripes, and three more for the Jones County Volunteers. 
 
 The next flag was now brought forward and presented to Capt. Warner, 
 who had tarried behind his company for a few days. Miss Carrie Heacox made 
 the presentation in few but feeling words, as follows : 
 
 Capt. Warner: In behalf of the ladies of Anamosa, I present you this flag, and with it, 
 I assure you, go our spontaneous sympathies and our heartfelt considerations for you and yours. 
 Go, brave men, to defend the American flag and the sacred rights guaranteed to us by our 
 glorious Constitution. With you go our fervent prayers and fondest hopes that you may return 
 with this flag victorious, and that it may ever wave over the land of tlie free and the home of 
 the brave. God bless you. Captain, and your noble-hearted men. We bid you an aflectionate 
 farewell. 
 
368 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Capt Warner thanked the ladies in behalf of his company, for the flag, and 
 said they would always hold them in grateful remembrance. 
 
 The flags were got up handsomely by the ladies of Anamosa, and the his- 
 torian takes pleasure in recording the event to their honor. The presentation, 
 and. in short, the whole aff'air, showed the depth and intensity of the feeling 
 which pervaded the whole community, in regard to the war and its objects. 
 The cars had now arrived from Springville ; the noble boys and their officers 
 entered, and away they went toward the seat of war. 
 
 FAREWELL SUPPER. 
 
 A number of Masons and Odd Fellows having joined the companies which 
 had left the county recently, the members of the two Orders united in getting 
 up a supper for the brothers who were going to the war. The supper came off" 
 on Friday evening, November 1, 1861. The members, with a large company 
 of ladies* met in Odd Follows' Hall about 8 o'clock, J. H. Fisher, Esq., acting 
 as Chairman. After music by the Anamosa Band and singing by Messrs. 
 Shaw, Lamson, Holmes and Smith, Capt. Buell was called for, who came for- 
 ward and made a brief but eloquent and patriotic address. 
 
 Lieut. Calkins was then called for, and made a short address. 
 
 From this place, those present repaired to the City Hall, where three long 
 tables were spread with the substantial and delicacies. 
 
 After all had satisfied their hunger, the Chairman announced that J. 1). 
 Walworth had been appointed Toast Reader. The following were the toasts 
 and responses : 
 
 The Iowa Volunteers — May they all prove as brave as the Iowa First. 
 
 Response, Three cheers for the Iowa First. 
 
 loiva — A model to the States of our Union in hearty response to the call 
 of freedom, and in her devotion to science and literature. 
 
 Col. W. T. Shaw — May he command the confidence of the brave men he 
 is appointed to lead. 
 
 Response by Capt. Buell. 
 
 Munic — The inspirer of our most hallowed religious and patriotic emo- 
 tions; a source of most exalted pleasure, and one which exerts the most power- 
 ful influence upon the destiny of a nation. 
 
 Song by Messrs. B. F. Shaw, Lamson, Holmes and Smith. 
 
 The loiva Volunteers — May they put a full Dott to the rebellion. 
 
 Response by Robert Dott. 
 
 May the fair hands which prepared this sumptuous repast receive ample 
 reward by enjoying the satisfaction that brave hearts have gone forth better 
 prepared for the existing emergency. 
 
 Response b}" John McKean. 
 
 The lotoa Volunteers — May Heaven's blessings be theirs. 
 
 Response by Rev. S. A. Benton. 
 
 Our Country s Arms — The fair arms of daughters and the /ifre-arms of 
 her sons ; may the embrace of the one ever be the reward of an honorable use 
 of the other. 
 
 Response by C. T. Lamson. 
 
 After singing Burns' Farewell, the company dispersed. 
 
HlSTOllY OF JONES COUNTY. 369 
 
 SANITARY COMMISSION. 
 
 The Ladies of Wyoming met November 20, 1861, for the purpose of organ- 
 izing a society auxiliary to the "Army Sanitary Commission of the State of 
 Iowa," having for its object the relief of the sick and Avounded in hospitals. 
 
 Mrs. W. H. Holmes was called to the chair, after Avhich the following offi- 
 cers were elected: Mrs. 0. B. Lowell, President; Mrs. A. W. Pratt, Vice 
 President ; Mrs. J. R. Stillman, Secretary ; Miss Martha White, Treasurer ; 
 Mrs. A. G. Brown, Depositary. 
 
 Committee to Solicit Contributions — Mrs. J. McDonough, Mrs. J. De Witt, 
 Mrs. J. Richards, Mrs. R. Freeman, Mrs. D. Hedgeboom, Miss R. Huckle, 
 Miss L. Gilbert and Miss R. Green. 
 
 The society voted to meet Tuesday afternoon of each week for the purpose 
 making such articles as are needed in the hospitals and to receive donations for 
 the same object. 
 
 The ladies of Monticello formed a " Soldiers' Aid Society " at about the 
 same time with the following officers : 
 
 President, Mrs. E. P. Kimball ; Vice President, Mrs. C. E. Wales ; Secre- 
 tary, Mrs. J. Reiger ; Treasurer, Mrs. N. Comstock ; Depositary, Mrs. G. S. 
 Eastman. Directors — Mrs. W. H. Merriman, Mrs. J. L. Davenport and Mrs. 
 G. S. Eastman. 
 
 Committee of Solicitations — Mrs. T. C. West, Mrs. H. Rosa and Mrs. J. 
 P. Sleeper. 
 
 The Society met every Wednesday afternoon. 
 
 An efficient organization was organized at Anamosa also, about the same 
 time, with the following officers : 
 
 President, Mrs. 0. P. Isbell ; Treasurer, Mrs. B. F. Shaw ; Secretary, 
 Miss Eliza Isbell. 
 
 Committee on Supplies — Mrs. L. Eberhart, Mrs. Israel Fisher, Miss Marv 
 Work. 
 
 Committee on Forwarding — Mrs. L. Deitz, Mrs. E. Littlefield, Miss Eliza 
 Isbell. 
 
 These societies did much good and the supplies forwarded at sundry times 
 were properly appreciated by the sick and wounded in the hospitals. A num- 
 ber of other similar organizations Avere instituted in different parts of the 
 county and almost numberless meetings held. The amount of good done by 
 these organizations throughout the country to alleviate the sick and wounded 
 can hardly be estimated. 
 
 FLAG PRESENTATION TO THE IOWA NINTH BY THE BOSTON LADIES. 
 
 On the 3d of August, 1862, the Boston ladies made a flag presentation to 
 the Ninth Iowa Regiment ; and, as a goodly number of the Jones County 
 soldiers did noble service in that regiment, we record the details of the event 
 in the Jones County History. 
 
 The presentation of colors to a company or regiment by its friends and 
 neighbors had become of common occurrence, but this presentation, by the 
 ladies of Boston, to a regiment in the wilds of Arkansas, a thousand miles 
 distant and near the extreme Western frontier — and that, too, to men who 
 were personally strangers to the donors — was an event as honorable to the 
 boys of the Ninth as it was rare. 
 
370 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Capt. Wright, of Company C, sent the following account to the Independ- 
 ence Guardian : 
 
 Camp of the Ninth Iowa, "> 
 
 Helena, August 3, 1862. / 
 
 To-day has been a proud and glorious day for the Iowa Ninth. At 2 o'clock this afternoon, 
 we were called into line, not to fight, but to receive one of the finest stands of regimental colors 
 in the array of the Southwest, presented tis by the ladies of Boston, Mass. 
 
 The regimental flag is white silk on one side and crimson on the other. On the white side 
 is beautifully inscribed, in gilt letters, " Pea Hidge, Ark., March 7 and 8, 1862." In the center, 
 held by two greyhounds, is tlie scroll with the words, " Iowa Greyhounds." This is over the 
 eagle, which is in the center of the flag, with the Iowa coat of arms, all of which is encircled 
 with a beautiful gold border. On the other side, handsomely embellished in gold letters, are the 
 words, " From your countrywomen of Massachusetts," with the coat of arms of the old Bay 
 State, and the words, " Pea Kidge '' again inscribed on the field under the coat of arms, with the 
 same border. On the flag-staff is a fine gold-bronzed eagle, with a splendid gold tassel in his 
 mouth. The staff" is so arranged that the flng can be detached by a spring and folded in a 
 moment, making it very convenient, if you wish to fold it in a hurry. 
 
 The other is the national flag, with its blue field and its broad stripes, one large star in the 
 center of the field, encircled with thirty-four more in a gold ring or border, and the words " Pea 
 Ridge, March 7 and 8, 1862," inside the circle — the flag-staff and tassel the same as the other. 
 
 **************** 
 
 Need I tell you that we were proud when those beautiful flags were unfurled to the breeze, 
 to be carried forward to victory by the Iowa Ninth ? If you could have seen those patriotic 
 tears roll down the cheeks of our brave boys, while our noble Colonel, with a heart almost too 
 full for utterance, was replying to the patriotic sentiment of the mothers and sisters of Massa- 
 chusetts, you would join with me in saying the flag is in safe hands. 
 
 COPY OF THE ADDRESS OF BOSTON LAUIES ON PRESENTATION OP FLAGS. 
 
 Our Countrymen — Solliers of the Xinlh Iowa Regiment : 
 
 We desire to present you with these, our national colors, as an evidence of our interest in 
 you as soldiers of the Union, and as a token of our grateful admiration for the valor and heroism 
 displayed by you on the memorable field of Pea Ridge. ****** 
 
 We have anxiously looked for tidings of you, from those early September days when you 
 were first assembled at t^amp Union, to the cold, dark days of the late winter ; and, although the 
 order onward was long delayed, yet, when it came, so readily did you obey it that we found it 
 no easy task, even in our imagination, to keep up with the " double-quick" of the " Iowa Grey- 
 hounds " The memory of the patient devotion with which you have unfalteringly borne toils, 
 fatigues, hunger and privation, and the recollection of your brave and gallant deeds on the 7th 
 and 8th of March, 1862, will long be treasured in our hearts ; and, although we think with sor- 
 row of the sad price of such a victory, and the unbidden tears must flow at the thought of the 
 brave hearts now stilled forever, yet we feel a pride in the consciousness that her noble sons feel 
 no sacrifice too great for their and our beloved country. 
 
 God bless the Union ! God bless you and all soldiers of the Union armies ! is the fervent 
 prayer of your countrywomen in Massachusetts. 
 
 Boston, Mass., July 10, 1862. 
 
 William Vanderver, Colonel of the regiment, made reply, addressing the 
 soldiers of his command in a brief but pathetic and patriotic style. 
 
 ANOTHER OFFERING FROM JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Thursday, August 14, 1862, was another day of unusual interest to Mon- 
 ticello and to the citizens of Jones County. 
 
 On the day mentioned, the recruits enlisted under Farwell and Jones, of Mon- 
 ti'cello, and Blodgett of Bowen's Prairie, came swarmino; in from Monticello, Bow- 
 en's Prairie, Scotch Grove, Wayne, Cass, Castle Grove and other towns, 
 and proceeded across the river at Monticello, to Clark's Grove, where prep- 
 arations had been made to receive them. They were attended by the Anamosa 
 Band, several bands of martial music antl a crowd of citizens numbering nearly 
 two thousand. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 371 
 
 Here the crowd listened to speeches from Rev. Mr. Dimraitt, Prof. Hudson 
 and many others. Dinner was served and a good time was had, and a large 
 number added to the enlistment — about forty enrolling themselves and becom- 
 ing soldiers for the Union. Patriotic feeling ran high and could not endure 
 expressions of rebel sympathy. A few citizens, who would have been at home 
 in a more southern latitude, became very obnoxious by their disloyal criticisms. 
 Some of these were "interviewed" this day by a concourse of incensed Union- 
 ists, and were compelled, hy hempen jjer suasion, to take the " Oath of Allegi- 
 ance.'' One prominent offender escaped by aid of a fleet horse and gathering 
 darkness ; a few were taken from their beds at midnight, but safely returned, 
 after being impressively sworn to loyalty and Unionism. The soldiers would 
 have committed violence, had they not been restrained by their newly elected 
 officers. 
 
 An election was held and resulted in the choice of the following officers : 
 Captain, S. S. Farwell, of Monticello ; First Lieutenant, Rev. F. Amos, of 
 Scotch Grove; Second Lieutenant, James G. Dawson, of Wayne; Orderly, F. 
 H. Blodgett, of Bowen's Prairie. 
 
 THE DRAFT. 
 
 Notwithstanding the unbounded enthusiasm and the large number of volun- 
 teers, it became necessary to resort to forcible enlistments in Jones County. 
 
 The following table shows how many men each township had failed to raise 
 in order to fill its quota up to December 12, 1862, and how many had been 
 raised in excess of quota ; also the number of men required to be raised in each 
 township by draft or volunteer enlistment by the 1st of January, 1863 : 
 
 TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 Deficit. 
 
 Excess. 
 
 Number to be 
 Drafted. 
 
 Cass 
 
 Castle Grove. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Fairview 
 
 Greenfield.... 
 Hale 
 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 25 
 
 4 
 
 26 
 
 Jackson.... 
 Madison.. . 
 Monticello . 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Richland... 
 Rome 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 23 
 
 Scotch Grove., 
 Washington .. 
 
 Wayne 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 10 
 
 36 
 
 141 
 
 66 
 
 46 
 
 It will be seen by the above table, furnished by S. F. Glenn, Draft Com- 
 missioner of Jones County at the time, that Wyoming carried off the banner, 
 and Scotch Grove was next in furnishing volunteers. 
 
 THE FLAG OF THE NINTH IOWA. 
 
 After the Vicksburg campaign, the flag presented to the regiment by the 
 Massachusetts ladies having become tattered and torn in the bloody strife, was 
 returned to its donors as evidence that jt had faithfully served its purpose. 
 
372 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 While the Ninth was on its way home to enjoy a brief furlough, as re-enlisted 
 veterans, another ilati; reached them from the ladies of the old Bay State. On 
 this flag were the following inscriptions : 
 
 "Ninth Iowa Volunteers — 1863 — from Massachusetts." "Pea Ridge, 
 March 7 and 8, 1862." "Chickasaw Bayou, Dec. 29, 1863." "Arkansas 
 Post, January 11, 1863." "Jackson, May 14, 1863." " Vicksburg, May 19 
 and 22, and July 4, 1863." 
 
 The excitement growing out of the prospect of a draft was sucli that vol- 
 unteer enlistments continued to such an extent that no draft Avas had until 
 about the 1st of November, 1864. The number drafted was not large and 
 those who were thus made soldiers, proved themselves brave and valiant men. 
 It is proper to state, also, that it was afterward ascertained that the quota of 
 the State was full at the time the draft was ordered, and therefore, ought 
 not to have been made. 
 
 Washington's birthday at anamosa, 1864. 
 
 The 22d of February, 1864, was made the occasion of a festival in honor 
 of the veteran soldiers who were at home at the time, on a short furlough. 
 The morning opened with beautiful weather and so it continued through the 
 entire day, the only drawback being mud to the depth of one to three inches, 
 where the snow had disappeared. In the afternoon the people and soldiers 
 came in on foot, on horseback and in wagons. At 5 o'clock, the soldiers came 
 into Odd Fellows' Hall, under charge of their officers, and an address of wel- 
 come to the Iowa Veterans was made by W. G. Hammond, and the response 
 by Capt. McKean, of Company D, of the Ninth. 
 
 A sumptuous supper was then served at City Hall, and at least six hundred 
 persons partook of the repast. Still there ^Aras enough and to spare, and has- 
 kotfuls were gathered up and distributed to widows and others, with whom 
 fortune had dealt more or less unkindl}'. 
 
 After supper, the hall of the Odd Fellows was again full. The following 
 were the toasts on the occasion : 
 
 The Day we Celebrate. 
 
 Response by C. R. Scott. 
 
 Tlie Iowa Ninth — The heroes of Pea Ridge, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas 
 Post, Jackson, A^icksburg, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. 
 
 Response by cheers and band. 
 
 Iowa — Many daughters have done virtuously, but thou hast excelled them 
 all. 
 
 Response by G. W. Field. 
 
 The Patriotic Dead — Green be their graves, sweet their rest and hallowed 
 their memory. 
 
 Response by the choir. 
 
 The American Union — What God hath joined together, let no rebel put 
 asunder. 
 
 Response by Judge McCarn, and band. 
 
 The Union Army — May its distinguishing characteristics be fortitude in the 
 hour of disaster, courage in the hour of danger and mercy in the hour of victory. 
 
 Response by John McKean. 
 
 The American Eaf/le. 
 
 Response by the choir. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 373 
 
 Abraham Lincoln — Like Washington, first in war, first in peace, and first 
 in the hearts of his countrymen. 
 
 Response by Rev. 0. W. Merrill. 
 
 The following volunteer toast was handed in by John Peet: 
 
 The American Eagle — May she conquer all her foes and establish a per- 
 manent resting place in the center of our Union, with her wings extending 
 from the Atlantic to the Pacific, holding the stars and stripes in one of her 
 talons and the sword of justice in the other, and in her beak the Declaration 
 of Independence, as a surety to the oppressed of all nations that here they can 
 find protection ; and may her tail be expanded over some Northern cavern 
 where rebel sympathizers and Tories may hide from the sight of historians, that 
 our history may not be tarnished by a record of their infamy. 
 
 Altogether, the day passed and terminated happily to all concerned. 
 
 THE FOURTEENTH lOAVA INFANTRY. 
 
 The Fourteenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry was organized by authoi'ity of the 
 War Department, under a call for 300,000 troops for three years, and mustered 
 into service on the 6th of November, 1861. 
 
 Previous to the completion of the muster of the regiment, three companies, 
 A, B and 0, were detached and sent on service to Fort Randall, Dakota Terri- 
 tory, where they remained until the fall of 1862, when authority gave organiza- 
 tion to three new companies in lieu of those detached. On the 27th and 28th of 
 November, 1861, the command — seven companies — embarked for Benton Bar- 
 racks, and remained in this camp of instruction until the 5th of February, 
 1862, when they again embarked for Fort Henry, Tenn., and arrived there 
 on the 8th. On the 12th, they took up line of march for Fort Donelson, Tenn., 
 and were in the engagement on the left of the army, daily, the loth, 14th and 
 15th. Remained at Fort Donelson until the 7th of March, and embarked for 
 Pittsburg Landing, and arrived there on the 18th inst. On the 6th of April, 
 the army was attacked, and the Fourteenth moved out in position on the left of 
 the Fourth Brigade, Second Division, Army of the Tennessee. The regiment was 
 eno-ao-ed from 7 o'clock A. M., until 5:40 P. M., when the command was sur- 
 rendered by Brig. Gen, Prentiss to the enemy as prisoners of war, and Avere held 
 as such until the 12th day of October, 1862, when they were released on parole, 
 sent to Benton Barracks for re-organization, and declared exchanged November 
 11^ 1862. On the 31st of March, 1862, two new companies, A and B, joined 
 the regiment. Left Benton Barracks April 10, 1863; embarked on board of 
 transports for Cairo, 111., where they remained until June 21, during which 
 time they were joined by Company C, a new company, when they embarked 
 for Columbus, Ky. On the 22d of January, 1864, the regiment moved on 
 board a transport for Vicksburg, Miss., where it was assigned to the Second 
 Brigade, Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps. Was on the expedition that 
 went from A'^icksburg to Meridian, Miss., in the month of February, 1864, 
 under command of Brig. Gen. Maj. Sherman, and on the expedition up Red 
 River, Louisiana, in the months of March, April and May, under command of 
 Maj. Gen. Banks. Was in the battle of Fort De Russey, March 14. and the 
 battle of Pleasant Hill, La., April 9, 1864, and battle of Yellow Bayou, 
 Louisiana, May 18, 1864. 
 
 The regiment was in the battle of Lake Chicot, Arkansas, June 6, 1864, 
 and arrived at Memphis, Tenn., June 10, 1864. Four companies left Jefferson 
 Barracks September 25, by rail for Pilot Knob, Mo., and were in the battle of 
 
374 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTF. 
 
 Pilot Knob September 27. The remainder of the regiment left Jefferson Bar- 
 racks October 2, with Gen. A. J. Smith's army, in pursuit of the rebel, Gen. 
 Price. Returned to St. Louis, Mo., November 2, arrived at Davenport, Iowa, 
 for muster-out, November 2, 1864. 
 
 The Fourteenth Regiment was largely made up of Jones County boys, and 
 commanded by Col. W. T. Shaw, of Anamosa. 
 
 RE-UNION AT MONTICELLO, AUGUST 14, 1865. 
 
 Monday, the 14th of August, 1865, was made memorable to the citizens of 
 Jones County by reason of the Soldier's Re-union on that day, at Monticello. 
 The exercises took place in the grove north of the river, and on the identical 
 spot where three years before Company H, of the Thirty-first Iowa, was organized. 
 Company H displayed a trophy, as a memento of the rebellion, a large flag, cap- 
 tured in Columbia, S. C, on the 17th of February, 1865, when the company 
 entered that city. 
 
 The arms and accouterments of Capt. Alderman's Company, brought in 
 boxes on the train, having arrived ou the ground, the soldiers of Company H 
 and some others were soon engaged in arraying themselves. The " boys in 
 blue " were here entirely at home. They chatted, laughed and joked during the 
 process, and worked with a perfect abandon and as though they were still in the 
 woods of Alabama and Georgia. This work accomplished, the drums, in another 
 part of the grove, beat the roll-call, and the soldiers streamed along through the 
 crowd, closely followed by the lighter legs of the children, and these by the 
 grown people. Two lines of soldiers were at once in position, Maj. Farwell, 
 Capt. Burdick and Capt. McKean were the officers in command. The soldiers, 
 about eighty in number, went through guard mounting and inspection, and were 
 intently watched by the spectators ; this over, the boys were drilled for a time, 
 greatly to the admiration and pleasure of many spectators. The drill over, the 
 boys marched to the old position in front of the benches, and, after some addi- 
 tional exercises, stacked arms. The speaking was then commenced. W. H. 
 Walworth was President of the day, who offered introductory remarks. 
 
 Prayer by Rev. Mr. Kimball. 
 
 Music by the band. 
 
 Welcome address by W. H. Walworth. 
 
 Response by Lieut. Amos. 
 
 Music by the Monticello Glee Club. 
 
 Address by Capt. M. P. Smith, of Company C, Thirty-first Iowa. 
 
 Music by Anamosa Brass Band. 
 
 Picnic dinner. 
 
 AFTERNOON. 
 
 Martial music. 
 
 Volunteer toasts and responses : 
 
 " Resolved, That our late war was only the supplement to our Revolution with 
 England, and has only completed the work of establishing the inalienable rights 
 of humanity and justice between man and his fellow-man." 
 
 Responded to by Prof. J. Nolan, of Cascade. 
 
 ^^ Jeff Davis — Occupying an elevated position in the South, may he occupy a 
 still more elevated position in the North." 
 
 Responded to by Rev. Mr. Buttolph. 
 
 " What the soldiers fought for, may we all remember." 
 
^Z'-'f^^i-^L-tCl^ 
 
HISTORY OF JOxNES COUNTY. 377 
 
 Response by Capt. 0. Burke, Company B, Fourteenth Iowa Veteran Vol- 
 unteers. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Miller, of Cascade, Prof. Allen, of Hopkinton, and Elder Kay 
 and Lieut. Hill, of Cascade, also spoke with good effect. Mr. A. Gilbert spoke 
 feelingly. He had lost two sons in the war, one being shot dead, and the other 
 dying in a rebel prison. The addressess, one and all, were appropriate and 
 fitting to the time and the occasion. 
 
 A general rejoicing was had that the war was ended and peace restored. 
 
 COL. WILLIAM T. SHAW, OF ANAMOSA. 
 
 The name of this gentleman is so identified with the history of Jones 
 County, particularly its military history, that a brief biographical sketch of 
 that distinguished soldier and citizen seems altogether apropos. 
 
 Col. William Tuckerman Shaw was born September 22, 1822, at Steuben, 
 Washington County, Me. He was the son of Col. William N. ShaAV and 
 Nancy Stevens, his wife, of the above place, and, after receiving his education 
 in the Maine Wesleyan Seminary, went to Kentucky as a teacher; but the 
 war with Mexico breaking out, he enlisted in the Second Kentucky Infantry 
 Regiment, Col. McKee, commander. He served to the close of the war, par- 
 ticipating in the memorable battle of Buena Vista, and was in the thickest of 
 the fight on the hill-slope and ravine where it raged with greatest fury. After 
 'he declaration of peace, he aided in clearing our Southwestern borders of 
 hostile Indians who were annoying the border settlers. 
 
 Having obtained a reputation for noble daring, he was chosen, in 1849, as 
 the leader of the first party Avhich crossed the Plains to California, leaving 
 Fort Smith, Ark., via Santa Fe. The party consisted of thirty-six men, 
 trom New York, Kentucky, Louisiana and Arkansas. 
 
 After returning, he made another trip, starting from Council Bluffs, and at 
 uiis time had but a single associate, but made the journey in safety. 
 
 In 1853, he came into Jones County and settled at Anamosa, where he 
 Still resides. 
 
 At the outbreak of the rebellion in 1861, he was among the first in Jones 
 County to buckle on the sword to fight for the Union. On the 24th of Octo- 
 ber of that year, he was elected Colonel of the Fourteenth Iowa Infantry 
 Regiment, which owed its organization very largely to his instrumentalities. 
 A history of the regiment is given elsewhere. 
 
 Col. Shaw distinguished himself in every engagement in which his com- 
 mand took part, as an able and efficient commander. He was advanced to the 
 command of the Second Brigade, Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, and 
 it is historic that it was owing to his indomitable courage and military skill 
 that the army of Gen. Banks was saved from utter defeat and capture in the 
 Red River expedition. It was on this memorable occasion that Col. Shaw 
 acquired the title of " Grim Figliting Old Shaw." 
 
 After the Red River expedition, his command was sent to assist in driving 
 the rebel Gen. Price out of Missouri, and was successful in so doing. 
 
 His term of service having expired, he was relieved by the following order: 
 
 Headquarters Right Wing Sixteenth Army Corps, 
 Habrisonville, Mo., October '2d, 1864. 
 Special Order iVo. 13^. 
 I. Col. W. T. Shaw, Fourteenth Fowa Infantry Volunteers, is relieved from command of 
 the Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, and will forthwith rejoin his regiment at Davenport, 
 Iowa. The Quartermaster will furnish transportation for himself and authorized servants. 
 
 D 
 
378 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 II. In relieving Col. Shaw from the command of the Third Division, prior to his being 
 mustered out, it is but an act of justice to an energetic, thorough and competent officer to say 
 that for the last fifteen montlis he has been in this command, as commanding a post, brigade 
 and division, and in every position has performed the incumbent duties faithfully and well, with 
 an ability that few can equal, with courage, patriotism and skill above question. The service 
 loses an excellent officer when he is mustered out. By order of 
 
 J. Hough, A. A. G. Ma.i. Gkn. A. .J. S.mith. 
 
 As Col. Shaw was about to part with his compatriots in arms, the officers 
 of his command presented him with a costly sword and scabbard — one of the 
 most beautiful and tasteful weapons ever made. He returned to his home at 
 Anamosa, Iowa, and has ever since been engaged in farming, banking, rail- 
 roading and real-estate business. Many of the public enterprises of Jones 
 County are largely the result of the energy, skill and perseverance of Col. 
 Shaw. 
 
 soldier's MEMENTO LEFT-HAND WRITING. 
 
 In the latter part of the year 1867, W. 0. Bourne, editor of the Soldiers' 
 Friend, New York, and others, offered premiums for the best specimens of left- 
 hand writing by soldiers who had lost their right arms in the war of the rebel- 
 lion. The premiums were awarded in October of that year. There were ten 
 premiums of $50 each, and each premium being named after some distinguished 
 general or admiral, thus : Grant Premium, etc. Each soldier obtaining a 
 premium was rewarded also by an autograph letter from the officer from whom 
 the premium was named. The only Iowa soldier who received a premium of 
 this nature is Morgan Bumgardner, Company B, Ninth Iowa Volunteer 
 Infantry, and a resident of Jones County. He was awarded the Sheridan 
 Premium. 
 
 The following is the letter of Gen. Sheridan : 
 
 Fifth Aa'enue Hotkl, October 3, 18G7. 
 To Morgan Bumgardner, Company B, Ninth Iowa Volunteer Infantry : 
 
 It is gratifying to me to inform you that the manuscript prepared by you has been selected 
 for the Sheridan Premium, offered by Wi'liam Oland Bourne, editor of the Soldiers' Friend, New 
 York. 
 
 I am hapjiy thus to recognize the success of a soldier who has lost his right arm for his 
 country. In the battle of life before you, remember that the true her.) may sometimes sutler 
 disaster and disappointment, but he will never surrender his virtue or his honor. 
 
 Cordially wishing you success and reward in life. I am yours, etc., 
 
 P. H. Sheridan, Major General U. S. A. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 379 
 
 VOLUNTEER EOSTER. 
 
 TAKEN PRINCIPALLY FROM ADJUTANT GENERAL'S REPORTS. 
 
 -d5i.BB2SE-VI.A.TI03<T 
 
 A(yt Adjutant 
 
 Art Artillery 
 
 Bat Hiitlle or Battalion 
 
 Col Colonel 
 
 Capt Captain 
 
 Corp Corporal 
 
 ConiHy ConiniisKary 
 
 com commissioned 
 
 cav cavalry 
 
 captd captured 
 
 disab disabled 
 
 disd diHcharged 
 
 e enlisted 
 
 excd exchanged 
 
 hon. disd honorably discharged 
 
 inv invalid 
 
 inf Infantry 
 
 I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry 
 
 kill killed 
 
 Lieut Lieutenant 
 
 Maj Major 
 
 m. o mustered out 
 
 prnitd promoted 
 
 prisr prisoner 
 
 Regt Regiment 
 
 re-p re-enlisted 
 
 read resigned 
 
 Sergt Sergeant 
 
 trans transferred 
 
 vet veteran 
 
 V. R. C Veteran Reserve Corp* 
 
 wd wounded 
 
 NINTH INFANTRY. 
 
 [Note. — Thit regiment tvas mustered out at Louisville Juh/ 
 18, 1805.] 
 
 Maj. Don A. CiiriK'nter, com. capt. Co. B 
 Scut. 2, 1861, pi-mtd maj. July 1, 1862, 
 filed at Home, Iowa, Jan. 8, 1864. 
 
 First Lieut. Jolin H. Green, e. as sergt. 
 Aug. 3, 1861, iH'intd. 1st lieut. Aug. 8, 
 1863. 
 
 Company A. 
 
 Grinrod, Josliua, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Groat, Thomas, e. Aug. 14, 1861, vet. Jan. 
 
 1, 1864. 
 Norton, A. M., e. Aug. 3, 1861, died Sept. 
 
 15, 1863. 
 Miller, Peter, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Norton, F. P., e. Aug. 3, 1861, wd. at Pea 
 
 Ridge and died April 3, 1862. 
 
 Company B. 
 
 Capt. John W. Niles. e. as sergt. Aug. 12, 
 
 1861, prmtd. 1st lieut. May 23, 1863, 
 
 prmtd. capt. Jan. 16, 1865. 
 First Lieut. Walter James, e. as corp. 
 
 Amr. 12, 1861, prmtd. 1st lieut. Jan. 16, 
 
 1865. 
 First Lieut. Jacob Jones, com. 2d lieut. 
 
 Sept. 2, 1861, prnitd. 1st lieut. Aug. 1, 
 
 1861. 
 First Lieut. Morgan Baumgardner, e. 
 
 Aug. 12, 1861, wd. at Pea Ridgt; and 
 
 Vicksl)urg, disd. Nov. 30, 1863, wds. 
 Sergt. Thos. W. I'dizzard, e. Aug. 12, 1861, 
 
 kid. at Vicksburg. 
 Sergt. Wm. Jennings, e. Aug. 12, 1861, 
 
 prmtd. 2d lieut. Aug. 1, 1862. 
 Sergt. Wm. T. Peet, e. Aug. 17, 1861, trans. 
 
 to Inv. Corps. 
 Sergt. E. H. Handy, e. Aug. 12, 1861, disd. 
 
 July 29, 1862. 
 
 Sergt C. II. Lane, e. Aug. 12, 1861. 
 
 Cctri). Lewis P. Tourtelott, e. Aug. 12, 
 
 1861, (lied at St. Louis. 
 Cor]). John M. Mason, e. Aug. 12, 1861. 
 Corp. Owen Farley, e. Aug. 12, 1861. 
 Corp. Isaac Walker, e. Aug. 12, 1861, kid. 
 
 at Vicksl)urg. 
 Corp. Wm. II. Glick, e. Aug. 12, 1861. wd. 
 
 at Missionary Ridge. 
 Cori). Jas. M. Warner, e. Aug. 12, 186L 
 Corp. Jonathan Luther, e. Aug. 12, 1861,. 
 
 wd. at, Vicksburg, captd. at Claysville, 
 
 Ala., died at Anilersouville. 
 Corp. Geo. II. Bowers, e. Aug. 12, 1861, 
 
 kid. at Vicksburg. 
 Corp. Menry Robinson, e. Aug. 12, 186L 
 
 vet. Jan. i, 1864, kid. at Kenesaw Mt. 
 Musiitian lienj. F. Harrison, e. Aug. 13, 
 
 1861, died at Forsythe, Mo. 
 Musiciiin Theo. L. liunce, e. Aug. 12, '6I_ 
 
 died at St. Louis. 
 Wagoner Joseph Soiilts, e. Aug. 30, 186L 
 
 disd. Sept. 9, 1863, disab. 
 Wa'.foner Il.umibal Freeman, e. Nov. 25, 
 
 1861, disd. April 8, 1862. 
 Arnold. Riley, e. Sept. 26, 1862. 
 Ailer, Geo. F., e. Aug. 12. 1861, wd. at 
 
 Vicksl)urg. 
 
 Aug. 12, 1861, vet. Jan, 
 
 Biigh, .\lex., e 
 
 1, 1864. 
 ]?rown, Jas. J, 
 
 Dec. 11, 1862. 
 Barker, Usual, e. 
 
 e. Aug. 12, 1861, disd. 
 
 Aug. 12, 1861. 
 Blakely, Nelson D.,e. Aug. 12, 1861, veL 
 
 Jan. 1. 1864, wd. at. Jonesltoro, Ga. 
 Bricklev, Jas. T., e. Aug. 12, 1861, disd, 
 
 Oct. 9, 1862, disalj. 
 Baldwin, M.O., e. Aug. 17, 1861, wd. at 
 
 Vi(*ksl>iirg. 
 Beaman, Daniel, e. Nov. 25, 1861, wd. at 
 
 Vicksbury, died at Nashville. 
 Cornwell, John L., e. Sept. 18, 1861, died 
 
 at St, Louis. 
 
380 
 
 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Cleveland, K. J., e. Oct. 9, 18G2, disd. 
 
 March 21, 18G3. 
 Crook, Wm., e. Au<r. 25, 18G1. 
 Crow. A. B., e. Sept. 10, 1861, wd. at 
 
 Vicksburg. 
 Colby, Chas.. e. Sept. 25, 1861, disd. Dee. 
 
 31, 1861. 
 Dunham, Walhice, e. Aug. 33, 1861. 
 Easterlv, Lawrence, e. Aug. 12, 1861, died 
 
 Jan. 25, 1862. 
 Ensign, Devolso, e. Aug. 23, 1861, died 
 
 April 12, 1862. 
 Finch, E. D., e. Aug. 12, 1861, disd. March 
 
 2, 1862, (lisab. 
 Freeman, H., e. IN'ov. 25, 1861. 
 Finch, Irwin, e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. Jan. 
 
 1, 1864. 
 Fry, Enoch, e. Sept. 12, 1861, wd. at Vicks- 
 burg, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Gault, Moses, e. Aug. 12, 1861, died at 
 
 Young's Point, I^a. 
 Graham, Wm. J., e. Aug. 12, 1861, wd. at 
 
 Vicksburg and Kinggold, Ga., vet. Jan. 
 
 1, 1864, prmtd. sergt. 
 Green, Jasper, e. Sept. 24, 1861, disd. April 
 
 21, 1863, disab. 
 Hall. Andrew H., e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1864, prmtd. corp. 
 Irwin, Isaac, e. Aug. 12, 1861. 
 Hitchcock, Thos. X e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1864, captd. Dallas, Ga. 
 Johnson, Geo. L., e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Kerr, S. P.. e. Aug. 12, '61, vet. Jan. 1, '64. 
 Long, Joel, e. Aug. 12, 1861, died at Nash 
 
 ville. 
 Metcalf, Arthur, e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1864, wd. Kenesaw Mountain, 
 
 disd. Dec. 28, 1864, wds. 
 McNellan, James, e. Aug. 12, 1861. disd. 
 
 March 11, 1863, disab. 
 McGuegan, Thomas, e. Aug. 12, 1861, 
 
 disd. Aug. 27, 1862. 
 Merrett, H. X., e. Aug. 12, 1861, disd. 
 
 March 11, 1862, disab. 
 McCarty, Chas., e. Aug. 23, 1861, disd. 
 
 Dec. 11,1862, disab. 
 Matteson, D. M., e. Aug. 29, 1862, vet. Jan. 
 
 1, 1864. 
 McGowan, C., e. Aug. 12, 1861. 
 Osborn, J. v., e. Aug. 12, 1861, kid. Pea 
 
 Ridge, Ark. 
 Roberts, Lyman A., e. Aug. 29, 1862, disd. 
 
 July 2, 1865, disab. 
 Rummel, D. E., e. Aug. 13, 1861, vet. Jan. 
 
 1, 1864. 
 Robinson, Sam'l. e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. Jan. 
 
 1, 1864. 
 Robinson, Sam'l O., e. Dec. 19, 1861, di.sd. 
 
 Dec. 16. 1863, disab. 
 Rich, Nelson, e. Sept. 10, 1861. 
 Robinson. J.,e. Dec. 20, 1861. 
 Stall, S. H., e. Aug. 12, 1861. wd. Vicks- 
 burg, vet. Jan. i, 1864. 
 Stewart. Joshua, e. Aug. 12. 1861, disd. 
 
 Oct. 13, 1862, disab. 
 Stewart, Chas., e. Aug. 12, 1861, wd. at 
 
 Vicksburg, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, captd. at 
 
 Dallas. Ga, 
 
 Sells, Amos, e. Oct. 9, 1861, vet. Jan. 1,'64, 
 
 captd. at Dallas, Ga. 
 Stillman. Jas. R., e. Aug. 23, 1862, vet. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Sherman, Benedict, e. Sept. 24, 1861, disd. 
 
 Jan. 18, 1862, disab. 
 Seely, Norman, e. Se]jt. 23, 1861, captd., 
 
 died at Andersonville. 
 Torrance, Adam C, e. Aug. 25, 1861. 
 Voile, John, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Vaughn, Sam'l J., e. March 18, 1864, wd. 
 
 Dallas, Ga. 
 Welch, Jas. M., e. Aug. 12, 1861, wd. at 
 
 Cherokee, Ala., disd. Sept. 23, 1864. 
 Walter, Jas., vet. Jan. 1, 1864, prmtd. 
 
 sergt. 
 Weaver. Francis, e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Weeks, S. M., vet. Jan. 1, 1864, died at 
 
 Rome, Ga. 
 Winn, W. B., e. Aug. 23, 1861, disd. Dec. 
 
 8, 1862, disab. 
 Wells, E. \^, e. Aug. 30, 1861, vet. Jan. 
 
 1, 1864. 
 Warner, Jas. M., e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. Jan. 
 
 1, 1864. 
 
 Company D. 
 
 Capt. David Harper, com. Sept. 7, 1861, 
 
 resd. Feb. 14, 1863. 
 Capt. Francis C. McKean, e. as ist. sergt. 
 
 Aug. 16, 1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. Julv 9, 
 
 1862, prmtd. capt. Feb. 15, 1863, m". o. 
 
 Dec. 31, 1864. 
 Capt. Jos. A. Burdick, e- as corp. Aug. 16, 
 
 1861, prmtd. sergt. maj. wd. Pea Ridge 
 
 and A'icksburg, prmtd. capt. Jan. 1, 
 
 1865. 
 First Lieut. David F. McGee, com. Sept. 
 
 2, 1861, resd. July 8, 1862. 
 
 First Lieut. Carso Crane, com. 2d lieut. 
 
 Sept. 7, 1861, prmtd. 1st lieut. Julv 
 
 9, 1863, resd. March 14, 1863. 
 First Lieut. Jno. Sutherland, e. as sergt. 
 
 Aug. 19, 1861, wd. Pea Ridge, prmtd. 
 
 1st lieut. March 15. 1863, wd. Vicks- 
 burg, disd. Jan. 2, 1865. 
 First Lieut. Zadock Moore, e. as corp. 
 
 Aug. 16, 1861, wd. Atlanta, prmtd. 1st 
 
 lieut. Ai)ril4, 1865. 
 Second Lieut. Ezra Nuckolls, e. as corp. 
 
 Aug. 16, 1861. prmtd. 2d lieut. March 
 
 15, 1863, m. o. Oct. 21, 1864. 
 First Lieut. Fred D. Gilbert, e. Aug. 29, 
 
 1861, kid. at Vicksburg. 
 Sergt. Alfred C. Hines, e. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 
 kid. at Pea Ridge. 
 Sergt. Thomas Sweesey, e. Aug. 16, 1861, 
 
 died ?tlarch 24, 1862, of \v.ds. received 
 
 at Pea Piidge. 
 Sergt. Wm. C. Glenn, e. Aug. 16, 1861, 
 
 wd. at Pea Ridge, died Aug. 2, 1862. 
 Corp. Wm. L. Murphv, e. Aug. 16, 1861, 
 
 died March 10, 1862." 
 Corp. John A. Dreibelbis, e. Aug. 16, 
 
 1861, wd. at Pea Ridge, died at Helena, 
 
 Ark. 
 Corp. Wm. Hunter, e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1864, died at Canton. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY, 
 
 381 
 
 Corp. A. J. Carter, e. Aug. 16. 1861, \vd. at 
 
 Pea Ridge and died April 35, 1862. 
 Corp. Wm. McVav, e. Aug. 16, 1861, disd. 
 
 April 13. 1862. 
 Corp. Thos. Scott, e. Aug. 16. 1861, disd. 
 
 April, 1862, disab. 
 Corp. Isaac Miller, e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. 
 
 at Pea Ridge. 
 Corp. Isaac White, e. Aug. 16, 1862, disd. 
 
 July 3, 1862. 
 Button, Wm., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
 Breen, Michael, e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. at 
 
 Pea Ridge, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Byers. Jacob L., e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. at 
 
 Vicksburg. 
 Butcher, Eli, e. Sept. 2, 1861, wd. at Pea 
 
 Ridge, vet. Jan. 1. 1864. 
 Beatty, Alex., e. Sept. 10, 1861, wd. at Pea 
 
 Ridge, disd. Aug. 23, 1862. 
 Conklin, Jas. W., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
 Cook, David F., e. Aug. 16, 1861, died at 
 
 Young's Pt., La. 
 Crane, W. S., e. Feb. 25, 1864. 
 Clark, Wm., e. Aug. 16, 1861, died April 
 
 16. 1862. 
 Callahan, J. O., e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
 Cassadav, Jnckson, e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet. 
 
 Jan. 1,' 1864. 
 Cassaday, James, e. Aug. 30, 1861, wd. at 
 
 Pea Ridge, captd. Claysville, Mo. 
 Charles, Isaac N., e. Aug. 16, 1861. wd. at 
 
 Pea Ridge, disd. March 21, 1863. 
 Cross, Henry, e. Sept. 9, 1861, wd. at Pea 
 
 Ridge, disd. Sept. 24. 1861. 
 Dean, Wm. H., e. March 21, 1864, drowned 
 
 at Marietta, Ga. 
 Dubois, E., e. Aug. 26, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 
 
 1864. 
 Dixon, Wm. H., e. Aug. 26, 1861, wd. at 
 
 Vicksburg, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Dockstader, Chas., e. Aug. 19, 1861, wd.at 
 
 Pea Ridge, captd. at Clavsville. 
 Dunake, Cyrus, e. Aug. 29," 1861, vet. Jan. 
 
 1, 1864. 
 Deft'endorffer, Jas., e. Aug. 16, 1861, trans. 
 
 to V. R. C. 
 Dixon. Thomas C, e. Aug. 26, 1861, died 
 
 April 14, 1862. 
 Espy, R. J., e. Feb. 22, 1864, wd. at At- 
 lanta. 
 Ewing, Milligan, e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Fuller, AVm., e. Aug. 16. 1861, wd. at Pea 
 
 Ridge, disd Aug. 23. 1862. 
 Fillson, Robt. F., e. Feb. 25, 1864, died 
 
 Aug. 13, 1864. 
 Fuller, Chas., e. Sept. 23, 1861, wd. at Pea 
 
 Ridge, disd. June 18, 1862. 
 Gilbert, Amos D., e. Aug. 16, 1861, captd. 
 
 at Claysville. 
 Gridlev, Chas., e. Aug. 19, 1861, vet. Jan. 
 
 1. 1864. 
 Green, Jos. E., e. Aug. 26, 1861, died Nov. 
 
 28, 1861. 
 HoAvard, George, e. Nov. 20, 1861, died 
 
 March 10, 1862. 
 Hogeboom, Wm., e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Hutton, Philander, e. Feb. 26, 186i. 
 
 Holman, S. F., e. Aug. 16, 1861, disd. Dec. 
 
 17, 1862. 
 Himebaugh, George L., e. Aug. 16, 1861, 
 
 disd. July 3, 1863, disab. 
 Kohoe, Edw.. e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 
 
 1864, kid. in Chicago, 111. 
 Karst, George, e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. Pea 
 
 Ridge, disd. Aug. 28, 1862. 
 Lowbower, John C, e. Aug. 16, 1861, 
 
 disd. July 27, 1863. disal). 
 Magee, F. A., e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
 Miller. James, e. Sept. 3, 1864, wd. Vicks- 
 burg, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Magee, John C, e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
 Moore, John, e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. at Pea 
 
 Ridge, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, disd. June 27, 
 
 1865. 
 Moore, Zadock, e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet. Jan. 
 
 1, 1864. 
 Mersellus. Charles, e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. 
 
 at Pea Ridge, died at Milliken's Bend. 
 Nichols, J. C, e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. Vicks- 
 burg, vet. Jan. 2, 1864. 
 Nichols, 0. D., e. Sept. 19, 1861, disd. May 
 
 29, 1862, disab. 
 Overly, Jas. F., e. Aug. 16, 1861, died Jan. 
 
 31, 1862. 
 Ovei-ly, Henry, e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. Pea 
 
 Ridge, died April 9, 1862. 
 Palmer, Leroy, e. Aug. 19, 1861, captd. at 
 
 Claysville, died at Andersonville. 
 Phillips, Alexander, e. Aug. 23, 1861, disd. 
 
 Jan. 11, 1862, disab. 
 Phelps, John, e. Oct. 15, 1861, died April 
 
 9, 1862. 
 Remington, Newman, e. Aug. 19, 1861, 
 
 vet. Jan. 23, 1864. 
 Remington, E., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
 Riddings, James, e. Aug. 16, 1861. disd. 
 
 Sept.' 20, 1862. 
 Ripley, George, e. Aug. 16, 1861, trans, to 
 
 V. R. C. 
 Ross, F., e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet. Jan. 23, 1864. 
 Sutherland, A., e. Feb. 25, 1864. 
 Schuster, A. E.. e. Aug. 16, 1861, disd. 
 
 Dec. 29, 1863, disab. 
 Stewart, B., e. March 10, 1864. 
 Sutherland, D., e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. Pea 
 
 Ridge, died March 15, 1862. 
 Sutherland, M., e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. at 
 
 Pea Ridge, disd. Oct. 2, 1862. 
 South, F. JSL, e. Aug. 19, 1861. 
 Smith. Geo. W., e. Aug. 16, 1861, disd. 
 
 Aug. 22, 1862, disab. 
 Sanders, M., e. Aug. 30, 1861, wd. Chicka- 
 saw Bayou, Miss., disd. April 22, 1862. 
 Standish. Wm. H., e. Aug. 26, 1861, died 
 
 Feb. 25, 1862. 
 Shull, J. B., e. Nov. 23, 1861, kid. at Pea 
 
 Ridge. 
 Stowell, G. R. C.e. Sept. 4, 1861, disd. 
 Stowell, Joseph, e. Sept. 4, 1861, vet. Jan. 
 
 23, 1864. 
 Smith, Jas. II., e. Sept. 12, 1861, died at 
 
 St. Louis. 
 Tompkins, A. S., e. Aug. 26, 1861, captd. 
 
 at Pea Ridtre. 
 Vansant, L. J., e. Aug. 16, 1861, died Jan. 
 
 1, 1862. 
 
382 
 
 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Van Yolkins^bursh, Y., e. Sept. 12. : 
 Wright, Jas.' C, e. Aug. 16, 1861, wt 
 
 1861. 
 vd. Pea 
 
 Rulge, clisd. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 Waldroii, James, e. Aug. 16, 1861, disd. 
 
 Jan. 18. 1862,disab. 
 Winslow, Amos, e. Aug. 16, 1861, died. 
 
 Oct. 12, 1861. 
 Wliite, Jos. L., e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. Pea 
 
 Ridge, died. April 22,1862. 
 Wood, AVilliam, e. Pel). 29, 1864. 
 Wliite, Lsaac, e. Pel). 29, 1864. 
 
 Company E. 
 
 Lenhart, John, e. Pel). 20, 1864. 
 
 Company F. 
 
 Tibbetts, W. P., e. April 23, 1864. 
 Wilcox, Hiram R., e. Sept. 8, 1861, died 
 May 5, 1862. 
 
 Company C 
 
 131air, Jas., vet. Jan. 1. 1864. 
 Company H. 
 
 Jaooby, Jas., e. Mareh 14, 1864. 
 Jacobv, Elias, e. March 14, 1864, died June 
 5, 1864. 
 
 COMPANY UNKNOWN. 
 
 Radden, Thos., e. I^ov! 3, 1864. 
 «tuart, John A., e. Peb. 29, 1864. 
 
 TWELFTH IXPANTRY. 
 
 [Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Memphii', 
 Tenn., Jan. 20, 1S66. 
 
 Company D. 
 
 Pirst Lieut. Erastus B. Soper, e. as sergt. 
 Sept. 20, 1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. April 8, 
 1862, prmtd. 1st lieut. March 24, 1863, 
 iiccidentallv wd. at Camp Sherman, m. 
 o. Dec. 1, 1864. 
 
 Soper, Roswell K., e. Oct. 1, 1861, captd. 
 at Shiloh, vet. Dec. 25, 1863. 
 
 Company F. 
 
 Sergt. E. S. Wiuchell, e. Sept. 25, 1861, 
 
 captd. at Shiloh, disd. Dec. 1, 1862. 
 Halfhill, H. E., e. Sept. 25, 1861, died Jan. 
 
 9, 1862. 
 Hunter, Geo., e. Oct. 28, 1861, captd. at 
 
 Shiloh, vet. Dec. 25, 1863. 
 Halfhill. J., e. Sept. 25, 1861, di.sd. April 
 
 4, 1862. 
 Itolston, Nelson, e. Peb. 15, 1864. 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Sergt. Stephen P. Collins, e. Sept. 10, 1861, 
 
 captd. at Shiloh, vet. Dec. 25, 1863. 
 Pav, Wm. S., e. Sept. 19, 1861, captd. at 
 
 Shiloh, vet. Dec. 25, 1863. 
 Church, P., e. Nov. 18, 1861, vet. Dee. 25, 
 
 1863. 
 Sover, Thomas, e. Sept. 6, 1861, died at 
 
 Montgomery, Ala. 
 
 Dillon, Michael, e. Nov. 20, 1861, vet. Dec. 
 
 25, 1863. 
 Whittemore, H., e. Nov. 23, 1861, disd. 
 
 April 18, 1863. 
 Dillon, Jas., vet. Dec. 25, 1863. 
 
 POURTEENTH INPANTRY. 
 
 [Note. — This reiji nent, except veterans and recruits, were 
 mustered out at Divenport Nov. 10, lS8!t. The veterans and 
 recruits were con%olulited into two companies, called lietidu- 
 ary Battery No. lit, which was mustered out May 13, 1S65.] 
 
 Col. Wm. T. Shaw, com. Oct. 24, 1861. 
 
 captd. at Shiloh, returned Nov. 18,1862, 
 
 disd. Nov. 16, 1864. 
 Asst. Surg. Shadrack Haskins, e. as hos- 
 pital steward, prmtd. asst. surg. April 
 
 9, 1863. 
 Q. M. Clinton C. Buell, com. Nov. 6. 1861, 
 
 m. o. Nov. 25, 1864. 
 Chaplain Samuel A. Benton, com. Nov. 
 
 22, 1861, resd. Jan. 30. 1862. 
 Q. M. Sergt. Orrin L. Walker, e. Oct. 
 
 16, 1861, disd. 
 
 Company B. 
 
 Wagoner David W. Shoemaker, e. Aug. 
 
 12, 1862, died at Cairo, 111. 
 Bisbv, James, e. Oct. 18, 1862, wd., disd. 
 
 March 27, 1863. 
 Graves, Cyrus B., e. Oct. 12, 1862, died at 
 
 Columbus, Ivy. 
 Boyle, James, e. Dec. 17, 1862. 
 Harvev, Chas. T., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Holden, John W., e. Nov. 13, 1863. 
 Minard, Chas. W., e. Dec. 17, 1862. 
 Willard, Curtis A., e. Nov. 15, 1862. 
 
 Company C. 
 
 Capt. Geo. H. Wolfe, com. Oct. 25, 1861. 
 Second Ijieut. Anthonv Courtright, com. 
 Oct. 25, 1861. 
 
 [Note. — See Forty fir^t Infantry, where the originally en' 
 listed men were trans/erred September, 1862. 
 
 Company H. 
 
 Capt. Leroy A. Crane, com. 2d lieut. Nov. 
 
 6, 1861, liiissing bat. Shiloh, com. 1st 
 
 lieut. Jan. 25, 1863, prmtd. capt. March 
 
 5, 1863. 
 Pirst Lieut. Orville Burke, e. as 1st sergt. 
 
 Oct. 12, 1861, captd. Shiloh, i)rmtd. 2d 
 
 lieut. Pell. 2, 1863. prmtd. 1st lieut. 
 
 March 5, 1863, capt. Co. B, Residuarv 
 
 Bat., 14lh Inf. 
 Second Lieut. Jos. B. Gilbert, prmtd. 2d 
 
 lieut. April 8, 1863. 
 Sergt. J. W. Deleplane, e. Oct. 24, 1861, 
 
 captd. Shiloh. disd. Sept. 2, 1862. 
 Sergt. Jason Ilul.bard, e. Oct. 12, 1861, 
 
 captd. Shiloh, disd. March 25, 1863. 
 Sergt. Perrv L. Smith, e. Oct. 12, 1861. 
 Corp. Jas." A. Palmer, e. Oct. 19, 1861, 
 
 cajjtd. Shiloh. 
 Corp. J no. L. Underwood, e. Oct. 16, 1861, 
 
 captd. Shiloh, disd. 
 Corp. Chas. W. Iladlev, e. Oct. 12, 1861, 
 
 captd. Shiloh, disd. March 25, 1863. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 383 
 
 Corp. Sam'l E. Peck, e. Oct. 16, '61, captd. 
 
 Shiloh, clistl. Jan. 9, 1863. 
 Corp. Carr Hall, e. Oct. 12. 1861, disd. 
 
 Marcli 24, 1862. 
 Corp Orrin L. Walker, e. Oct. 16, 1861. 
 Corp. Jas. E. Bonstel, e. Oct. 16, 1861, 
 
 captd. Shiloh. 
 Musician Jas. H. Clark, e. Oct. 16, 1861, 
 
 disd. Julv 20, 1862, disab. 
 Wagoner Jos. Button, e. Oct. 5, 1861. 
 Bender, Joshua, e. Oct. 16, 1861, captd. at 
 
 Shi 1 oh. 
 Bradtield, E.A7.,e. Oct. 16, 1861, disd. June 
 
 17, 1862, disab. 
 Brownell, O. D., e. Oct. 16, 1861, disd. 
 
 March 4, 1862. 
 Chapman, C, e. Dec. 8, 1861, disd. Nov. 
 
 27, 1862. 
 Conklin, Jno. H., e. Oct. 20, 1861, captd. 
 
 Shiloh, disd. March 28, 1863. 
 Cline, Ciias., e. Dec. 31, 1861, wd. Shiloh, 
 
 disd. April 18, 1862. 
 Clothier, L. C, e. Nov. 3, 1862, wd. Yel- 
 low Bayou, La. 
 Condit, A. P., e. Oct. 12, 1861, wd. at Fort 
 
 Dunelson, captd. Shiloh, disd. Dec. 6, 
 
 1862. 
 Clothier, Thurlow,e. Nov. 1, 1861, wd. Ft. 
 
 Donelson, disd. July 20, 1862, disab. 
 Duncan, Jas., e. Jan. i, 1862, captd Shiloh, 
 
 disd. Feb. 5, 1863. 
 Dott. Robt., e. Oct. 12, 1861. 
 Darling?, F. M., e. Nov. 9, 1861, disd. June 
 
 17, 1862. 
 Dunkle, Jno. P., e. Oct. 30, 1861, captd. at 
 
 Shiloh. 
 Fisher, Frank, e. Oct. 12, 1861. 
 Gard, B. M., e. Oct. 20, 1861, died Mav 15, 
 
 1862. 
 Groat, Peter, e. Oct. 12, 1861, wd. Corinth 
 
 and Yellow Bayou, died Jefferson Bar- 
 racks, Mo. 
 Gowring, Ben]. F., e. Oct. 12, 1861, disd. 
 
 April 18, 1862, disab. 
 Goes, Elias, e. Oct. 12, 1861, disd. Feb. 4, 
 
 1862. 
 Garlick, Thos. S., e. Oct. 16, 1861, captd. 
 
 at Shiloh. 
 Howard, Martin, e. Feb. 2, 1864, captd. at 
 
 Holly Springs, Miss. 
 Hecocks, Daniel, e. Oct. 12, 1861, captd. at 
 
 Shiloh, disd. Jan. 2, 1863. 
 Haymaker, F., e. Oct. 12, 1861, died at 
 
 Benton Barracks, Mo. 
 Hartman, P. J.,e. Aug. 12, 1861, captd. at 
 
 Shiloh. 
 Huvev, Edw., e. Oct. 12, 1861. 
 Harvey, William, e. Oct. 12, 1861, captd. 
 
 at Shiloh. disd. Jan. 12, 1863. 
 Heath, William, e. Jan. 4, 1862, captd. at 
 
 Shiloh, disd. Nov. 4, 1862. 
 Hammonds, James C., e. Oct. 19, 1861, 
 
 captd. at Shiloh. 
 Matthews. H. J., e. Sept. 26, 1861. 
 McDonald, William, e. Oct. 16, 1861, captd. 
 
 at Shiloh. 
 Muzzy, Isaac M., e. Oct. 16, 1861, captd. at 
 
 Shiloh, disd. Sept. 23, 1862. 
 Mendon, George, e. Oct. 5, 186;. 
 
 Moulthrop, Leroy, e. Oct. 5, 1861, died 
 
 Julv 12, 1862. 
 McKinlev, AVm. H.. e. Oct. 12, 1861. 
 Neally, Matthew, e. Oct. 21, 1861, captd. 
 
 at Shiloh, disd. Feb. 6, 1862. 
 Northrop, James, e. Oct. 25, 1861, wd. at 
 
 Shiloh, disd. July 20. 1862, disab. 
 Pierce, E. P., e. Oct. 20. 1861, captd. at 
 
 Shiloh. disd, March 21. 1863. 
 Patterson, David, e. Nov. 14, 1861, captd. 
 
 at Shiloh, trans, to Inv. Corps. 
 Preston, Geo. N., e. Oct. 16, 1861. disd. 
 
 June 7, 1862. 
 Robinson, William, e. Jan. 4, 1862, disd. 
 
 July 20, 1862. 
 Scoles, R. B., e. Oct. 19, 1861, captd. at 
 
 Shiloh. 
 Stanton, C H., e. Sept. 24, 1861. captd. at 
 
 Shiloh. 
 Scott, F. W., e. Oct. 12, 1861, wd. Shiloh, 
 
 disd. Oct. 1, 1863. 
 Shike, John, e. Oct. 12, 1861, disd. April 
 
 25, 1862. disab. 
 Tibbitts, A. W., e. Nov. 9, 1861, wd. at 
 
 Shiloh. 
 Thomas, Elihu, e. Oct. 16, 1861, captd. at 
 
 Shiloh. 
 Van ^"altenburg, R.. e. Oct. 24, 1861, wd. 
 
 at Pleasant Hill. La. 
 Wide], John F., e. Oct. 16, 1861, died at 
 
 Corinth. 
 
 COMPANY UNKNOWN. 
 
 Holden, John W. 
 
 RESIDUARY BATTERY FOUR- 
 TEENTH INFANTRY. 
 Company B. 
 
 Capt. Orville Burke, com. Nov. 19, 1864. 
 Second Lieut. Perry L. Smith, com. Nov. 
 
 19, 1864, disd. June 27, 1865. 
 Second Lieut. Jas. C. Hammonds, com. 
 
 June 28, 1865. 
 Sergt. John P. Dunkin, e. Dec. 1, 1863. 
 Sergt. Joshua Bender, e. Dec. 1, 1863. 
 Corp. Thos. S. Garlick, e. Dec. 1, 1863. 
 Musician D. L. Jones, e. Dec. 1, 1863. 
 McCalmant, Elisha, e. Aug. 1, 1864. 
 Seely, M. M., e. Dec. 9, '63, disd. July 20, '65. 
 Thoinas, Elihu, e. Dec. 1, 1863. 
 
 SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. 
 
 [Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., 
 July 25, 1S65.] 
 
 Adjt. Geo. A. Jones, e. as sergt. maj. 
 prmtd. adjt. July 16, 1865. 
 
 Company H. 
 
 Marsh, Emery, vet. Feb. 29, 1864. 
 Pike, Jas. L., vet. March 5. 1864. 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Corp. William H. Johnson, e. Marcli 24, 
 1862, died May 3, 1862. 
 
384 
 
 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Corp. Ira C Dodge, e. March 28, 1862, wd. 
 
 at Shiloh, disd. Oct. 31, 1862. 
 Applegate, Kicliard, e. ISIarch 27, 1862. 
 Barnes, John, e. :March 22, 1862. 
 Clvmer, Thos., e. March 21. 1862. 
 Clothier, Theo., e. jSIarch 2, 1862. 
 Cronkwhite. Buel, e. March 7, 1862. 
 Eldridge, Wm. W., e. Marcli 1, 1862. 
 Horton, Ellis ^y., e. March 22, 1862, disd. 
 
 Dec. 2, 1862, disab. 
 Killffore, Herbert, e. March 20, 1862. 
 Locke, A. L.. e. March 31, 1862. 
 Lenningan, M., e. Fel). 28, 1862. 
 Marsh, Eniorv, e Feb. 27, 1862. 
 McClaine, John T.,e. March 22, 1862, died 
 
 Sept. 1, 1863. 
 INIiller, Alfred S., e. March 27, 1862, disd. 
 
 Sept. 13, 1862. 
 McQuilloii, B., e. March 18, 1862, disd. 
 
 Xov. 29, 1862. 
 Pike, Jas. L., e. March 1, 1862, captd. at 
 
 Tilton, Ga. 
 Eolston, Jacob, e. March 20, 1862, wd. at 
 
 Jackson, Miss., kid. at Missionary 
 
 Ridge. 
 Biley, Clement, e. March 8, 1862. 
 Starks, John, e. March 20, 1862. 
 Tracy, Timothy, e. March 26, 1862, wd. at 
 
 Jackson. Miss. 
 White, Samuel, e. March 14, 1862. 
 White, Chas., e. March 28, 1862. 
 
 TWENTY-FOUETH INFAKTRY. 
 
 [Note. — This regiment u-as mnstered out at Savannah, Ga., 
 July 17, 1S65.] 
 
 Chaplain George R. Carroll, com. Feb. 3, 
 1864, resd. Nov. 13, 1864. 
 
 Company B. 
 
 Second Lieut. W. W. Edgington, e. as 
 sergt. Aug. 2, 1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. 
 March 21, 1864. wd. at Fisher's Hill. 
 
 Steward, F. M., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 
 Company I. 
 
 Corp. Wm. Bryan, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Capt. James I). ^VlHiams, com. Sept. 18, 
 
 1862, resd. Dec. 1, 1863. 
 Capt. Benj. G. Paul, e.as private Aug. 23, 
 
 1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. June 11, 1863, 
 prmtd. c;ipt. Dec. 2, 1863, kid. near llose- 
 dale Bayou. La. 
 
 Capt. Aaron M. J.,oomis, com. 2d lieut. 
 Sept. 18. 1862, i)rnitd. 1st lieat. June 11, 
 
 1863, prmtd. capt. June 18, 1864, wd. at 
 Cedar Creek, Va. 
 
 First Lieut. Thos. Green, com. Sept. 18, '62, 
 resd. on account ill health June 12, '63. 
 
 First Lieut. Roval S. Williams, e. as 
 sergt. Aug. 8. "1862, })rmt(l. 2d lieut. 
 June 15. 1864. jn-intd. 1st lieut. June 18, 
 
 1864, wd. at Cedar Creek. Va. 
 Second Lieut. James L. Ilall, e. as pri- 
 vate Aug. 9, 1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. June 
 18, 1864, wd. nt Cedar Creek, Vn. 
 
 Second Lieut. Jeremiah AVoodyard, e. as 
 
 Corp. Aug. 15, 1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. Jan. 
 
 1, 1865. 
 Sergt. David Moore, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 Sergt. E. M. Hamilton, e. Aug. 15, 1862, 
 
 died at Milliken's Bend. 
 Sergt. J. E. Fisher, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at 
 
 Keokuk. 
 Sergt. Chas. A. Melner, e. Julv 21. 1862, 
 
 disd. Feb. 10, 1863, disab. 
 Sergt. Geo. L. Foote, e. Aug. 9, 1862, kid. 
 
 at Ope(iuan Creek, Va. 
 Sergt. Farnsworth Cobb, e. Aug. 9, 1862^ 
 
 wd. at Cedar Creek, Va., disd. May 2, 
 
 1865, wds. 
 Corp. Marcus Johnson, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Corp. G. McAtkinson, e. July 21, 1862, 
 
 captd. at Sabine Cross Roads. La. 
 Corp. C. C. Horton, e. July 21, 1862, disd. 
 
 Feb. 20, 1863, disab. 
 Corp. Chas. W. Gould, e. Aug. 4, 1863, disd. 
 
 Feb. 22, 1863. disab. 
 Corp. Chas. H. Johnson, e. Aug. 14, 1863, 
 
 wd. at Mansfield, La. 
 Corp. James Sloan, e. Julv 28, 1862. 
 Corp. Eli Sawyer, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. 
 
 Nov. 23, 1863. 
 Corp. Geo. W. James, e. Aug. 15, 1863, wd. 
 
 Winchester. 
 Corp. Will. W. Walters, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Musician Riley Calkins, Julv 21, 1862, wd. 
 Musician J. G. Smith, e. JulV 21. 1862. 
 Allen, Anson, e. Aug. 22, 1862, wd. at 
 
 Helena. Ark. 
 Arnt)ld, Hiram, e. Julv 30, 1862. 
 xVrcher. Calel), e. July 24, 1862, wd. and 
 
 died at Champion Hills. 
 Bill, C. C, e. Julv 21, 1862. 
 Brainard, James A., e. Julv 21, 1862. 
 Brvan, C. M., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. June 
 
 16, 1863, disab. 
 
 Barnhill. Samuel, e. Feb. 15, 1864. 
 
 Bill, H. G., e. Julv 21, 1862. 
 
 Babcock. Edgar, e. Julv 26, 1862, disd. 
 
 Feb. 23. 1865, disab. 
 Brock, Jas. F.. e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
 Bronsoii. Jas. AV., e. Aug. 21, 1863. 
 Brock, Robert, e. Aug. 9, 1863, trans, to 
 
 Inv. Cori)s. 
 Calkins, Orrin, e. Jan. 5, 1864, died Xew 
 
 Orleans. 
 Countryman, A., e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at 
 
 Helena, Ark. 
 Crandall, Z. J., e. Feb. 20, 1864, died April 
 
 17, 1864. 
 
 Craig, David, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Carpenter, Chas. H., e. Aug. 15, 1863, died 
 
 Oct. 31, 1863. 
 Cady, Henry, e. Aug. 14, 1862, drowned in 
 
 Pearl River, near Jackson, JNIiss. 
 Crandall, A. G., e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Jiui. 
 
 30, 1862. 
 Crandall, M. C, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Crone, Wm., e. Julv 24, 1862, disd. June 8, 
 
 1865, disab. 
 Crandall, Wm. M., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Calkins, K. J., e. July 30, 1863. 
 Dockstater, H., e. Aug. 22, 1862, (li.sd. 
 
 :\r:irch 11. 1863. disab. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 385 
 
 Donaldson, T., e. Aua:. 19, 1862. 
 Dubois, L. K., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 Eliersol], Daniel, e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 Ellis, Jacob, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at Helena, 
 
 Ark. 
 Ellis, Wm., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. Jan. 7, 
 
 1863. disab. 
 Fairchilds, E. G., e. Aug. 15, 1861, died at 
 
 St. Louis. 
 Fuller, Carlos, e. Aug. 9, 1861. 
 Garrett, Robert, e. Feb. 9, 1864, wd. Win- 
 chester, Va., trans, to V. \i. C. 
 dee, Leonard, e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
 Gould, Jas. A., e. Feb. 22, 1864, wd. at 
 
 Cedar Creek, disd. Jan. 11, 1865, wds. 
 Gee, Isaac, e. Aug. 22, 1863, disd. Jan. 31, 
 
 1863, disab. 
 GifEord, C M., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at 
 
 Helena, Ark. 
 (Jilbert, Geo., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
 Havden, Mvron, e. Feb. 9, 1864. 
 Hainilton, A. A., e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 Ilerron, Davis, e. July 31, 1862. 
 Hanna, Jos. A., e. Aug. 22, 1862, captd. at 
 
 Sabine Cross Roads, La. 
 Ingraliam, C, e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd., trans. 
 
 to V. R. C. 
 Johnson, Jeremiah, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died 
 
 at Helena. 
 Johnson, Jas. R., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Jewett. Abel, Aug. 18, 1862, died Dec. 13, 
 
 1862. 
 Kenney. Aaron, e. July 31, 1862, died at 
 
 New" Orleans. 
 Kimball, John M., e. Aug. 1, 1862, disd. 
 
 Feb. 12, 1863, disab. 
 Lain, Tliomas, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
 Lain, Wm. J., e. Aug. 8, 1862, died New 
 
 Orleans. 
 Moore, C. D., e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at 
 
 Helena, Ark. 
 Moore, Jesse, e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
 Murry, Martin, e. July 19, 1862. 
 Mudge, L. C, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Mudge, Aldin, e. Aug. 14, 1802, disd. April 
 
 13, 1863, disab. 
 Mackril], S. R., e. Aug. 8. 1862. 
 McCalmant, Samuel, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died 
 
 at Opelousas, La. 
 Milner, H. J., e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Feb. 
 
 20, 1863, disab. 
 Moore, H., e. Aug. 6, 1862. captd. at Cedar 
 
 Creek. 
 Moore, S., Jr., e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to 
 
 V. R. C. 
 jNIcDaniel, D. A., e. Aug. 22, 1862, wd. at 
 
 Winchester, disd. Feb. 24, 1865. 
 MeCormick, James, e. Aug. 22, 1862 
 Xiehols. L. H..e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 Osborn, Geo. E., e. Aug. 8, 1862. 
 Parks, Jacob F., e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. 
 
 Julv 9, 1863, disab. 
 Paul,'B. G., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
 Paul, H. F., e. Feb. 24, 1864, captd. Cedar 
 
 Creek. 
 Pulsii)her. Newel, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at 
 
 Muscatine. 
 Prouty, E. A., e. Aug. 19, 1862, died at 
 
 Vicksbin'g. 
 
 Powers, Samuel, e. Aug. 22, 1862, wd. at 
 
 Champion Hills, died at Memphis. 
 Ruby, Joseph, e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. at 
 
 Cedar Creek. 
 Reynolds, Frank, e. Aug. 21, 1802. disd, 
 
 Feb. 23, 1863, disab. 
 Sones, Geo. W., e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Dec. 
 
 5, 1864, disab. 
 Sloan. J. W., e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. Feb. 
 
 20, 1863, disab. 
 Spencer, James, e. xiug. 15, 1862, disd. 
 
 Jan. 14, 1863, disab. 
 Sennett, Thomas, e. Julv 28. 1862. 
 Sinkey, F., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Tebo,"D. G., e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd. at 
 
 Sabine Cross Roacls, La. 
 Van Yaltenburg, W. H., e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
 Yasser, E. H., e. Feb. 22. 1864. 
 Vasser, W. W., e. Feb. 22, 1864, died at 
 
 Wyoming. 
 Williams, Charles P., e. Aug. 9, 1862, died 
 
 at Carrion Crow Bavou. 
 Woodruff, Adam, e. July 30, 1864. 
 AVhite, AVilliam, e. July 21, 1864, captd. at 
 
 Cedar Creek. 
 Wilkinson, Robert, e. Dec. 21, 1863. 
 Williams, Jos. T., e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
 
 COMPANY UNKNOWN. 
 
 Ebersole, Daniel, e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 Moore, Jesse E., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
 Nichols, Lewis H., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 Wilkinson, Robert, e. Dec. 21, 1863. 
 
 THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 
 
 [Note — This regiment was mustered out at Louisville Jam 
 
 27, 1S65.] 
 
 Maj. Ezekiel Cutler, com. Sept. 16, 1862, 
 
 resd. March 20, 1863. 
 Maj. Scwell S. Farwell, com. Oct. 13, 1868, 
 
 prmtd. maj. May 27, 1865. 
 Surg. Horace H. Gates, e. as hospt. stew- 
 ard, prmtd. asst. surg. March 1, 1864, 
 
 prmtd. surg. June 10, 1865. 
 Asst. Surg. Lucius 11. French, com. Sept. 
 
 16, 1862, resd. June 8, 1864. 
 Asst Surg. Elisha F. Tavior, com. June 
 
 30, 1863, resd. Feb. 29, 1864. 
 Adjt. Moore Briggs, e. as com. sergt., 
 
 prmtd. adjt. April 13, 1864, m. o. May 
 
 15, 1865. 
 Chaplain Dan'l S. Starr, com. Sept. 26, 
 
 1862, resd. March 4, 1863. 
 
 Company A. 
 
 Edgington, .1. M.. e. Aug. 22, 1862, died 
 
 Dec. 19, 1862. 
 Herron, Franklin, e. Dec. 9, 1863 
 
 Company E. 
 
 Capt. Edwin B. Alderman, com. Oct. 18, 
 
 1862. resd. Feb. 13, 1863. 
 Ca])t. Geo. I). Hilton, com. 2d lieut. Oct, 
 
 13, 1862, prmtd. capt. March 17, 1863. 
 First Lieut. Edmund T. Mellett, com, 
 
 Oct. 13, 1862, resd. March 17, 1863. 
 
386 
 
 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 First Lieut. Richard McDaniel, e. as 
 
 sergt. Aug. 14, 1862, prratd. 1st lieut. 
 
 Marcli 17, 1863. 
 Second Lieut. Daniel H. Monroe, e. as 
 
 sergt. Aug. 14, 1863, prmtd. 2d lieut. 
 
 Marcli 17, 1863, died Corinth, Miss. 
 Sergt. Wm. M. Starr, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 Sergt. Jas. H. Cooksey, e. Aug. 11, 1862, 
 
 disd. Aug. 19, 1863, disah. 
 Sergt. Geo. R. Seaman, e. Aug. 14, 1862, 
 
 disd. Aug. 10, 1863. 
 Sergt. D. W. Cleveland, e. Aug. 11, 1862, 
 
 died Young's Point, La. 
 Sergt. J. H. Barker, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. 
 
 Oct. -5, 1864, disab. 
 Sergt. S. P. Porter, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 Corp. O. P. Olinger, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 Corp. Jno. R. Campbell, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 Corp. M. F. Sipe, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died 
 
 Dec. 24, 1862. 
 Corp. T. M. Belknap, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Corp. M. M. Wilde, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 Corp. Thos. Buckner, e. Aug. 14, 1862, 
 
 disd. Sept. 7, 1863, disab. 
 Corp. R. Spear, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died Dec. 
 
 24, 1862. 
 Musician A. H. House, e. Aug. 11, 1862, 
 
 disd. Feb. 23, . 
 
 Musician J. W. Benedom, e. Aug. 12, 62. 
 Wagoner Jas. W. Durlin, e. Aug. 11, 1862, 
 
 trans, to Inv. Corps. 
 Amy, O. H., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Andrews, Ruel, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. 
 
 Marcli 4, 1863. 
 Baker, P. M., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at 
 
 Young's Point, La. 
 Barnard, Jno. H., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. 
 
 June 19, 1863, disab. 
 Brown, Wm. M., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 Brown, S., e. Aug. 14, "62, died at St. Louis. 
 Campbell, Jno. R., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 Chad wick, Daviu, e. Aug. 13. 1862. 
 Cook, Wm.. e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. May 
 
 20, 1864. 
 Cook, Amster, e. Aug. 16, 1862, wd. June 
 
 27, 1804, and at Kenesaw Mountain, 
 
 disd. Jan. 26, 1865. 
 Converse, Jesse, e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at 
 
 Memi)his. 
 Curti.s, Wm. J., e. .Vug. 13, 1862, died Dec. 
 
 14, 1802. 
 Corttwright, J. E., e. Aug. 12, 1863, trans. 
 
 to Inv. Cor])s. 
 Crow, John AV., e. Aug. 14. 1802. 
 Dickerson, Win., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 Dunning. II.. e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Dial, ]Martin L., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Farnham. Wm. G., e. Aug. 14. 1862. 
 Frink, Wm., e. .Vug. 12, 1862, wd. and 
 
 died at A'icksburg. 
 Graham, J. G., e. Oct. 24, 1862. 
 Gates, Horace H., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Hilton, A. M., e. Aug. 16, 1862, disd. July 
 
 12, 1863, disab. 
 Harrison, Al)ram, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died 
 
 Jan. 1.5. 1863. 
 Harvey, I. E., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Healey, Robt., e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to 
 
 Inv. Corps. 
 
 High, Daniel A., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at 
 
 Young's Point, La. 
 House, J. G., e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at St. 
 
 Louis. 
 Joslin, Harrison, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at 
 
 Vicksburg. 
 Joslin, Daniel, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at 
 
 St. Louis. 
 Krahl, John, e. Aug. 12, 1862, trans, to 
 
 y. R. c. 
 
 Kerr, Wm. F., e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to 
 
 Inv. Corps. 
 Kerr, Porter, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 Lamb, Cyrus, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at 
 
 Young's Point, La. 
 Littletield, Clark, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at 
 
 Memphis. 
 Luce, Samuel, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 Lyons, C H., e. Aug. 11. 1862. 
 Lyons, John W., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Masker, Wm. S., e. Aug. 12, 1862, wd. at 
 
 Vicksburg, disd. Aug. 9, 1863. 
 Mattocks, J. H., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. 
 
 June 21, 1865, disab. 
 Mead, Geo. W., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at 
 
 Young's Point, La. 
 Merritt, Cornelius, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 Monroe, Harvev IL, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 JSTash, AVm. W.,' e. Aug. 14, 1862. died at 
 
 Helena, Ark. 
 Xeilly, Tliomas, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Nikirk, Geo. W., e. Aug. 11. 1862. 
 I^orthrop, H., e. Oct. 24, 1862. 
 O'Donnell. John, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Olinger, Jas. L., e. Aug. 14. 1862, trans, to 
 
 Inv. Corps. 
 Orr, Mark, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. Oct. 
 
 8. 1864, disab. 
 Overacker, Wm., e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. 
 
 March 3. 1863, disab. 
 Page. O. F., e. Aug. 14, 1802, died at 
 
 Memphis. 
 Parsons, ( 'has. A., e. Aug. 12, 1862, trans. 
 
 to V. R. C. 
 Phelphs, Wm. O., e. Aug. 12. 1862. 
 Putnam, A. C., e. Aug. 14, 1802, disd. April 
 
 10, 1863. disab. 
 Rumple, Elias M., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 Rundall, J. G., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at 
 
 Young's Point, La. 
 Ryder, J. A., e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. at Re- 
 
 saca, died jSIav 6, 1864. 
 Sage, Xestor, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at 
 
 Memphis. 
 Sams, Stephen, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 Slade. F. H., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 Stingly, Jas., e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. 1863. 
 
 disab. 
 Snider, A. W., e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Sept. 
 
 7, 1863, disab. 
 Stuttsman, John, e. Aug. 13, 1862. trans. 
 
 to Inv. Corps. 
 Tallman, Jas. H.. e. Aug. 16, 1862. 
 Thoma , O. E , e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to 
 
 Inv. Corj)s. 
 Thomas, Edmund, e. Aug. 12, 1862, 
 Thomas, Bennett, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died 
 
 March 12, 1863. 
 Thomlev, Hiram, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 387 
 
 Tice, Lewis, e. Aug. 14, 1863, disd. Feb. 1, 
 
 1863, disab. 
 
 Tice, John, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. April 
 
 18, 1863, disd. 
 Titus, Jas. W.. e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Wagoner, David, e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at 
 
 Walnut Hills, Miss. 
 Walton, P. T., e. Aug. 13, 1863. 
 Warren, E., e. Aug. 13, 1862,, died Young's 
 
 Point, La. 
 Webb, A. J., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died on 
 
 steamer Von Phul. 
 Wentworth, S., e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at 
 
 Helena, Ark. 
 Waterhouse, M., e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to 
 
 Inv. Corps. 
 
 Company C. 
 
 Capt. Jeremiah C. Austin, com. Oct. 18, 
 
 1862, resd. Jan. 30, 1863. 
 Capt. Jos. H. Evans, e. as private, com. 
 
 capt. March 31, 1863. 
 First Lieut. Edward H. Handy, com. Oct. 
 
 13, 1863, resd. Aug. 13, 1863. 
 Second JJeut. Simon N. Landon, e. as 
 
 sergt. Aug. 8, 1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. 
 
 Oct. 13, 1862. 
 Sergt. Orson B. Lowell, e. Aug. 6, 1862, 
 
 died at Memphis. 
 Sergt. Lorenzo D. Bates, e. Aug. 6, 1862, 
 
 trans, to V. R. C. 
 Sergt. Jas. Miller, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at 
 
 Memphis. 
 Corp. Jas. P. Scoles, e. Aug. 13, 1863. 
 Coi-|x Valentine Dalbey, e. Aug. 13, 1863, 
 
 died at Yicksburg. 
 Corp. Henry Simpson, e. Aug. 9, 1863, died 
 
 Jan. 5, 1863. 
 Corp. Moses M. McCree, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 Musician J. D. Herrick, e. Aug. 6, 1862. 
 Wagoner John Brigham, e. Aug. 15, 1863, 
 
 died at St. Jouis. 
 Brien, Jas., e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Camp 
 
 Slierman, Miss. 
 Cronkhite, Wm., e. Aug. 17, 1862. 
 Conner, Benj. F., e. Dec. 9, 1863, died at 
 
 Keokuk. 
 Clymer, Chas., e. Aug. 15, 1863, trans, to 
 
 Inv. Corps. 
 Carpenter. Henry, e. Aug. 8, 1863, disd. 
 
 March 24, 1864, disab. 
 Clothier, Theo., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Cole, Simeon W., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
 Cowies, John S., e. Aug. 23, 1862. 
 Dewev, E. A., e. Aug. 8, 1863, disd. Sept. 
 
 7, 1863, disab. 
 Deirlein, John, e. Aug. 9, 1863, died at 
 
 Memphis. 
 Emerson, Chas., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Gilmore, Jas. P., e. Aug. 9, 1863, trans, to 
 
 V. R. C. 
 Gilmore, Wm. H., e. Aug. 9, 1863, died at 
 
 Young's Point, La. 
 Gleck, Is'athan, e. Feb. 12, 1864. 
 Graham. John W., e. Aug. 32, 1863. 
 Gales, Z., e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. Feb. 2. 
 
 1864, disab. 
 
 Huston. John R., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died 
 Jan. 28, 1863. 
 
 Hitchcock, John, e. Aug. 8, 1862, trans, to 
 
 Inv. Corps. 
 Haney, John F., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Hammon, S., e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 Hitchcock, Jas., e. Feb. 2, 1864. 
 Ireland, Benj. F., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 Ireland, Silas, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
 Johnson, J. L., e. Aug. 6, 1863, died at 
 
 Memphis. 
 Klise, D. E., e, Aug. 9, 1863. 
 Long, Hiram R., e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. 
 
 April 3, 1863, disab. 
 McMullen, John D., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died 
 
 at Young's Point, La. 
 McMullen, Bethuel, e. Aug. 9, 1863, trans. 
 
 to Inv. Corps. 
 Murry, M. J., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
 Miller, Elmer, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 Marshall, Thomas, e. Aug. 9, 1863. 
 Manning, L. H., e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. 
 
 Aug. 21, 1863, disab. 
 Ogg, William, e. Aug. 12, 1863, disd. June 
 
 6"; 1863, disab. 
 Ogg, Charles, e. Aug. 13, 1863. 
 Overbaugh, Joseph, e. Sept. 9, 1863. 
 Pierce, E. E., e. Aug. 14, 1863, disd. Sept. 
 
 7, 1863, disab. 
 Reed, Samuel, e. Aug. 8, 1863. 
 Richstine, D. M., e. Aug. 33, 1863, died on 
 
 steamer Citv of Memphis. 
 Rogers, Chas.'E., e. Aug. 18, 1863. 
 Smith, Burt A., e. Aug. 13, 1863. 
 Shibev, Oliver, e. Aug. 23, 1862. 
 Starry, Daniel, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Yoorhies, Miles, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
 Yroorman, Wm. D., e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
 Wildev, Geo. E. IL, e. Aug. 14, 1863, disd. 
 
 Sept". 7, 1863, disab. 
 Walker, William, e. Aug. 8, 1863, wd. 
 
 May 18, 1863. 
 Young, E. A., e. Aug. 7, 1862, died Jan. 
 
 23, 1863. 
 
 Company H. 
 
 Capt. Abijah E. White, e. as corp. Aug. 
 
 2, 1862, prmtd. capt. June 10, 1865. 
 First Lieut. Franklin Amos, com. Oct. 
 
 13, 1862, wd. at Atlanta, resd. Feb. 2, 
 
 1865. 
 Second Lieut. James G. Dawson, com. 
 
 Oct. 13, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg, resd. 
 
 Jan. 11, 1864. 
 Sergt. F. H. Blodgett, e. xlug. 3, 1862, died 
 
 at Memphis March 26, 1863. 
 Sergt. D. W. Perrine, e. Aug 14, 1862, died 
 
 Feb. 28, 1863. 
 Sergt. Samuel Williamson, e. Aug. 14, 
 
 1862, died on steamer Forest Queen. 
 Sergt. Geo. A. Jones, e. Aug. 2, 1862, disd. 
 
 July 33, 1864, disab. 
 Sergt. J. C. Clark, e. Aug. 14, 1863, captd. 
 
 at luka. Miss. 
 Sergt. Wm. S. Johnson, e. Aug. 14, 1863 , 
 
 died at Camp Sherman, Miss. 
 Sergt. Wm. W. Sutherland, e. Aug. 14, 
 
 1863, disd. March 34, 1863, disab. 
 Sergt. John AY. Cook, e. Aug. 14, 1863, wd. 
 
 at Roswell and Atlanta, Ga., died at 
 Marietta. 
 
388 
 
 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY, 
 
 Corp. Moore Brig<>s, e. Aug. 3, 1862, prmtd. 
 
 adj. Mav, 1864. 
 Corp. Edgar G. Himes, e. Aug. 2, 1862, 
 
 died at Young's Point, La. 
 Corp. B. F. (iowing. e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Corp. K. M. Marvin, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 Corp. AVm. .S. Campbell, e. Aug. 2, 1862, 
 
 died Jan. 9, 1863. 
 Cor)). Newton Bentley, e. Aug. 14, 1862, 
 
 \vd. at Lookout Mountain, died at 
 
 Chattanooga. 
 Corp. Benjamin Batchelder, e. Aug. 5, 
 
 1862, di('(i at Mempliis. 
 Musicinn Charles H. Whitney, e. Aug. 2, 
 
 1862, died al .St. Louis. 
 Musician Samuel J. Glenn, e. Aug. 14, 
 
 1862, died at Young's Point, La. 
 Wagoner 8. K. McDaniel, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Ackerman, O. B., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. 
 
 JuneK, 1863, disab. 
 Albertson, Charles, e. Aug. 22, 1862, wd. 
 
 at Arkansas Post. 
 Al(lri<-h. Lemuel, e. Feb. 19, 1864. 
 Alherlson, John, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at 
 
 Memphis. 
 Beckos, AVallace, e. Aug. 2, 1862. wd. at 
 
 Arkansas Post, died at Memphis. 
 Barnhill. Wm. T., e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. 
 
 June 2, 1863. 
 Burnight, L. H., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. 
 
 Mav 22. 1868, disab. 
 Butterfield. Isaac, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Buttolph.E. F., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Black, Wm. J., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Breen, John, e. Aug. 7, 1862, died at St. 
 
 Louis. 
 Cantield, Johnson, e. Feb. 23, 1864, died 
 
 at Chattanooga. 
 Corbett, Miles II., e. Aug. 14. 1862, died 
 
 on steamer City of Memphis. 
 Covert, E. D., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at 
 
 Young's Point, La. 
 Covert, S. J., e. Aug. 9, 1862, trans, to 
 
 Inv. Corps. 
 Carter, Chas. II., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
 Cook, G. N., e. Aug. 14. 1862. 
 Cook, T. J., e. .^ug. 14, 1862. 
 Cook, Rufus G., e. Aug. 14. 1862. 
 Cross, J. II. II.. e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Cunningham, P., e. July 24, 1862, died at 
 
 Jackson, Miss. 
 Darling, A. C, e. Aug. 5, 1862. 
 Dawson, William, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. 
 
 ^hwdi 8, 1864, disab. 
 Dickerson, ("has., e. .Vug. 14, 1862, wd. at 
 
 .Vrkansas Post and Lookout Mountain. 
 Dickerson, Wm., e. Se])t. 5, 1864. 
 Dreibelbis, Jacob, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at 
 
 St. Louis. 
 Ennis, Jas. D., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 F«>ster, Geo. C., e. Aug. 14. 1862, disd. Sept. 
 
 7, 1863, disab. 
 Fitch, J. C, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Gerrett, John B., e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans. 
 
 to Marine Brigade. 
 Gardner, Wm. P., e. Aug. 14, 1862. wd. 
 
 at Arkansas Post, disd. June 9. 1863. 
 Goodin, Wallace, e. Aug. 5, 1862. died Jan. 
 
 23, 1863. 
 
 Haun, Robt. C., e. Aug. 22. 1862. 
 Himes, F. E., e. Aug. 2. 1862. 
 Harlow, G. T., e. Aug. 7, 1862. 
 Hawlev, C. W. e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Himebaugh, P. H., e. Aug. 14, 1863, died 
 
 Fel). 12, 1864. 
 Hunter, Cyprian, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died 
 
 at Memphis. 
 Ingram, John, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Jones, Luman, e. Feb. 17, 1864. wd. at 
 
 Kenesaw Mountain. 
 Johnson, H. .M., e. Aug. 2, 1863, died at 
 
 Scotcli Grove. 
 Karst, Geo., e. Feb. 17, 1864. 
 Kilgore, H. II., e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. May 
 
 22, 1863. 
 Kenny, M. M., e. Aug. 2, 1862. 
 Kohout, Jos., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Lewis, Alex., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Lawrence, F., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Lawrence, I. S., e. Aug. 14, 1863, died Nov. 
 
 11, 1863. 
 Lamb, Harvey, e. Aug. 2, 1862, wd. at 
 
 Dallas, Ga.. died at Ackworth, Ga. 
 Lightfoot, Jas. W., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died 
 
 at Memi)his. 
 Merriman, Wm., e. Aug. 2, 1863, died at 
 
 Vicksburg. 
 Morse, F. M., e. Aug. 5, 1863, kld.Resaca. 
 Mnrviu. Wm. R., e. Aug. 3, 1863, died at 
 
 Younc's Point, La. 
 Miller, David, e. Aug. 14, 1863. 
 McBride, Sam'l IST., e. Aug. 14, 1863, died 
 
 Memphis. 
 Moorehouse, O. J., e. Aug. 14, 1863, wxl. 
 
 Lookout ^lountain, died Chattanooga. 
 McFrv, Andrew J., e. Aug. 22, 1863. 
 Nelson, S. J., e. August 9, 1862, died Mem- 
 phis. 
 Nelson, Sam'l, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at 
 
 Young's Point, La. 
 Nelson. Wm., e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. March 
 
 30, 1863. 
 
 Nelson, Robt. D., e. Aug. 22, 1862. died St. 
 Louis. 
 
 Nelson, Mervin, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died on 
 steamer City of Memphis. 
 
 Nelson, M. J., e. Aug. 23, 1863, died Mem- 
 phis. 
 
 Parker, Jas. F., e. Sept. 5, 1864. 
 
 Redman, Jno., e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at 
 Young's Point, La. 
 
 Rearick, Jno. P., e. Aug 6, 1862, died at 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Rankin, M. H., e. Aug. 14, 1863, died Aug. 
 
 31, 1863. 
 
 Rynerson, F. M., e. Aug. 11, 1862, died 
 
 Memphis. 
 Richardson. .Sam'l, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died 
 
 Jan. 17, 1863. 
 Rice, R. AV., e. Feb. 18, 1864. 
 Sweesy, Matthias, e. Aug. 14, 1862 
 Sutherland, I)., e. Aug. 14, 1863. 
 Sutherland, Jno., e. Aug. 14, 1863. 
 Stofer, Abner, e. Aug. 14. 1862, died July 
 
 9, 1864. 
 Shields, Geo. O., e. Feb. 26, 1864, wd. at 
 
 Resaca. 
 Spence, J., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Memphis. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 389 
 
 Smith, Jacob, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at 
 
 Young's Point, La. 
 Wolf, M. H., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Welsh, Oliver, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Watson, M. A., e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. 
 
 Sept. 7, 1863, disab. 
 Whittemore, Wm., e. Aug. 22, 1863, disd. 
 
 April 22, 1863. 
 Whittemore, A. B., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
 Whittemore, W.L., enlisted September 5, 
 
 1864. 
 
 THIRT.Y-SEVENTH IN^FANTRY. 
 
 [Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Davenport, 
 dale not given in Adjutant General's Ileporl.] 
 
 Company A. 
 
 Corp. David Bumgardner, e. Nov. 11, '62, 
 
 disd. March 21, 1865, disab. 
 Clymer, Chas., e. Nov. 11, 1862, died St. 
 
 Louis. 
 
 Company F. 
 
 Barnes, Aaron, e. Dec. 29, 1862, prmtd. 
 
 musician. 
 Krokooke, Jos., e. Dec. 26, 1862, disd. Sept. 
 
 12, 1864, disab. 
 Rice, R. B., e. Dec. 19, 1862, died Feb. 4, 
 
 1864. 
 
 Company I. 
 
 Second Lieut. Thomas E. Belknap, com. 
 
 Dec. 15, 1862. 
 Sergt. Noah Bigley, enlisted September 
 
 5, 1862. 
 Cook, John W. H., e. Sept. 20, 1862, disd. 
 
 May 7, 1863, disab. 
 Dodge, Mark, e. Oct. 9, 1862. 
 Gilford, Jos., e. Sept. 15, 1862. 
 Hodges, Vincent, e. Oct. 1, 1862, disd. 
 
 Mav 20, 1864, disab. 
 Lake.'^Benj., e. Oct. 23, 1862. 
 Pate, Henry, e. Sept. 22, 1862, disd. May 8, 
 
 1863, disab. 
 Shafer, S. M., e. Sept. 8, 1862, disd. April 
 
 8, 1863, disab. 
 
 Shafer, John, e. Oct. 8, 1862. 
 
 Secrest, Robert M., e. Sept. 11, 1862, disd. 
 
 April 25, 1863, disab. 
 Truax, John, e. Sept. 11, 1862. 
 Tavlor, W. H., e. Nov. 1, 1862. 
 Warren, Levi, e. Oct. 8, 1862, disd. Dec. 11, 
 
 1863, disab. 
 Zigler, Jacob, e. Sept. 23, 1862, disd. Nov. 
 
 9, 1864, disab. 
 
 COMPANY UNKNOWN. 
 
 Chatwin, E., e. Dec. 16, 1862. 
 
 FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 
 
 [Note. — This Compiwj was transferred to Seventh Cavalry 
 April 25, 1863.] 
 
 Company C. 
 
 Capt. Geo. H. Wolfe, com. Oct. 13, 1861. 
 Second Lieut Anthony Courtright, com. 
 Oct. 13, 1861. 
 
 Sergt. S. G. Cunningham, e. September 28, 
 
 1861. 
 Corp. Samuel S. Wherrv, e. September 27, 
 
 1861. 
 Corp. John B. Green, c. September 26, 
 
 1861. 
 Brady, Joseph, e. Sept. 28, 1861. 
 Clark, Jas., e. Sept. 28, 1861. 
 Carter, Wm., e. Sept. 28, 1861. 
 Ferguson, Luther, e. Sept. 26, 1861. 
 Forbes, Patrick, e. Sept. 26, 1861. 
 Graham, W., e. Oct. 7, 1861. 
 Green, John B., e. Sept. 26, 1861. 
 Holmes, Samuel B., e. Oct. 28, 1861, died 
 
 at Fort Randall, D. T. 
 Klise, John W., e. Sept. 38, 1861. 
 Langon, Wm. P., e. Sept. 36, 1861. 
 Ratean, James, e. Sept. 28. 1861. 
 Reamer, Ralph, e. Oct. 1, 1861. 
 Robinson, D., e. Oct. 1, 1861. 
 Sellen. Joseph F., e. Oct. 3, 1861. 
 Smith, H. W., e. Sept. 27, 1861. 
 Swan, Avery, e. Sept. 28, 1861. 
 Thurston, Wm. H„ e. Sept. 36,1861. 
 Wherrv, M. M., e. Sept. 27, 1861. 
 Wherrv, Samuel S., e. Sept. 27, 1861. 
 Welch," W. C, e. Sept. 26. 1861. 
 Yale, Geo. W., e. Sept. 36, 1861. 
 
 FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 
 
 [Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Davenport, 
 Iowa, Sept. 15, 1861,.] 
 
 Company A. 
 
 Morev, Edwin S., e. Mav 3, 1864. 
 Metcalf, M. H., e,Mav 6, 1864. 
 Scro-gs, John A., e. May 6, 1864. 
 Spaukling. J. L., e. May 6, 1864 
 Thomas, Jas. R., e. May 14, 1864. 
 
 Company C. 
 
 Capt. Jas. W. McKean, com. June 1, 1864, 
 
 died at Memphis. 
 Sergt. Samuel E. Hutton, e. April 30. 
 
 1864. 
 Sergt. F. W. Houser, e. April 30, 1864. 
 Corp. David Inches, e. April 30, 1864. 
 Barnes, H. J., e. May 7, 1864. 
 Brady, Freeman, e. April 30, 1864, died at 
 
 Memphis. 
 Calkins, F. M., e. April 30, 1864. 
 Dewey, Chas., e. March 18, 1864. 
 Foster, R. C, e. March 9, 1864. 
 Foust, Benj., e. April 30, 1864. 
 Glenn, R. R., e. April 30, 1864. 
 Himebaugh, H. H., e. May 14, 1864. 
 Horton, Erastus B., e.May 9, 1864. 
 Lovejoy, Owen D., e. May 6, 1864. 
 McYav, Levi, e. Mav 9, 1864. 
 Murphv, Chas. H., e' April 30, 1864. 
 McKean, C. B., e. April 30, 1864. 
 Monroe, C A., e. Mav 1, 1864. 
 Sutherland, D. W., e.May 3, 1864. 
 
 Company F. 
 
 Beranek, John, e. May 31, 1861. 
 
390 
 
 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 FIRST CAVALRY. 
 
 [Note. — Thii regiment was mustered ont at Austin, Tex., 
 Feb. 15, 1866.] 
 
 Company B. 
 
 Bujrler Ednuiiul T. Hopkins, e. July 18, 
 
 1861. 
 Crane, O. E., e. Jan. 5,1864. 
 Penninian, C. G.. e. Julv 18, 1861. 
 Stanley, E. G., e. Julv i8, 1861. 
 Smitii,' Howard E., e^ July 18, 1861. 
 
 Company C. 
 
 Corp. Lawrence Schoonover, e. July 13, 
 
 1861. 
 Armitai^e, John. 
 
 Casselenum, Levi, vet. Dec. 9, 1863. 
 Gant, Matthew. 
 
 Johnson, W. D., vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 
 Larkey, Alex., died Feb. 19, 1862. 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Phelan, Jas., e. Aug. 17, 1801. 
 
 Atwood, Chas. P., e. Mav 15, 1861, vet. 
 
 Dec. 20, 1863. 
 Allspauiiii, D. A., e. Mav 15. 1861. 
 Fairchiids, A. H., e. May 15, 1861, vet. 
 
 Dec. 20, 1863. 
 Fitzsinimons, John, e. July 18, 1861. 
 Jamiesoti, Sanuu'l, e. Aug. 17, 1861, vet. 
 
 Dec. 20, 1863. 
 Kidder, John (J., e. Aug. 17, 1861. 
 
 Company L. 
 
 Q.M.S. James V. 13rowii, e. Aug. 25, 1861. 
 Sergt. H. A. O' Bladen. 
 Farrier Reuben Barnes, disd. Nov. 15, '61. 
 Farrier Wni. J. Bowman, disd. Nov. 15, 
 
 1861. 
 Saddler Herman Brav, disd. Feb. 7, 1862. 
 Barnard, AVm. disd. Dec. 1, 1861. 
 Maurice, Z., vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Brown, Milton, disd. Dec. 11, 1861. 
 Maurice, Nicholas, e. June 13, 1861, vet. 
 
 Jan. 5, 1864. 
 Brown, Jas. V., e. Aug. 25, 1861. 
 Chase, Chas. A., e. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Lawyer, Steplien, died at Little Rock, 
 
 Ark. 
 Wat.-ion, A. E., e. Dec. 7, 1863. 
 Smith, Wm., vet. Jan. 5. 1864. 
 Rogers, George, vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 
 Rice, James E., vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 
 
 COMPANY UNKNOAVN. 
 
 Ackerrnan, O. B.. e. Jan. 23. 1864. 
 Bates, Chas., e. Jan. 23, 1864. 
 Barto, C. M., e. Feb. 15, 1804. 
 Dawson, Jolui W., e. Jan. 25, 1864. 
 Fay, H. A., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
 Mullford, James T., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
 McCartv. Chas., e. Jan. 23, 1864. 
 Riielan, Jas. H., e. .March 8, 1864. 
 Phatigan, Tiiomas, e..luue 23. 1864. 
 Slade, Vandelier, e. Feb. 17, 1864. 
 Thompson, A. J., e. Feb. 17, 1864. 
 
 SECOND CAVALRY. 
 
 [Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Sebna, Ala., 
 Sept. 19, 1S65.] 
 
 Company B. 
 
 Corp. A. S. Pooper, e. Julv 30, 1861, disd. 
 
 Feb. 7, 1862. 
 Barnett, Alfred, e. Dec. 14, 1863. 
 Potter, John J., e. Oct. 31, 1862, vet. March 
 
 1, 1864. 
 Potter, I. W., e. Dec. 15, 1863. 
 
 Company I. 
 
 Corp. Chas. C. Crocker, e. Aug. 4, 1861, 
 
 wd. near Hurricane Creek, Miss. 
 Corp. Eli Mead, e. Aug. 4, 1861, trans, to 
 
 Inv. Corp. 
 Corp. Isaac Ford, e. Aug. 14, 1861. 
 Davis, George W., e. Aug- 4, 1861. 
 Davis, James, e. Oct. 6, 1861. 
 Krokoskia, N., e. Aug. 4, 1861. 
 Kellum, Warren, e. Aug. 4, 1861, died at 
 
 Benton Barracks. 
 Laml), Henrv, e. Aug. 4. 1861, disd. Sept. 
 
 3, 1862, disab. 
 Mvrick, Rufus B., e. Aug. 14, 1861, vet. 
 
 March 1, 1864. 
 Potter, Daniel, e. Aug. 14, 1861, vet. March 
 
 1, 1864. 
 Yount, John W., e. May 17, 1864. 
 
 Company L. 
 
 Corp. Isaac N. Cooper, e. Sept. 12, 1861. 
 Saddler, Edw. Cooper, e. Sept. 12. 1861. 
 Edwards, Jacob, e. Sept. 12, 1861, vet. 
 
 Marcii 1, 1864. 
 Edwards, Jas., e. Aug. 15, 1862, vet. March 
 
 1,1864. 
 Felby, Edw., vet. Marcli 1, 1864, kid. near 
 
 Lvnnville, Tenn. 
 Taylor, John, e. Sept. 12, 1861. 
 
 Company M. 
 
 Dawson. John, e. Sept. 28, 1861, disd. Oct. 
 13, 1863, disab. 
 
 SIXTH CAVALRY. 
 
 [Note. — This regiment was muslced out at Sioux City 
 Nov. 17, lS6o.\ 
 
 Company A. 
 
 Hamilton, Clark, e. Oct. 13, 1862. 
 Hunter, Hiram, e. Oct. 24, 1862. 
 Parsons, J no., e. Dec. 30, 1862. 
 Scriven, Jas. AV., e. Oct. 4, 1862. 
 Wentworth, Lorenzo, e. Dec. 30, 1862. 
 
 Company B. 
 
 Bugh, John, e. Jan. 1, 1863, disd. Feb. 24, 
 
 1865. 
 Ilerron, Jonathan, e. Oct. 13, 1863. 
 
 Company H. 
 
 Morgan, Jos., e. Nov. 5, 1862. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 391 
 
 Compiiny I. 
 
 Q. M. S. Jos. O. Reynolds, e. J^ov. 19, '62, 
 (lisd. Oct. 6, 1864. 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Com. Sergt. Peter Reeger, e. Sept. 12, '62. 
 Sergt. M. W. Jeffries, e. Sept. 12. 1862. 
 Sergt. Alvin R. Bverly, e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
 Sergt. Darius S. Hinman, e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
 Corp. Wm. Alspangli, e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
 Brookhouse, A. H., e. Sept. 13, 1862, disd. 
 
 Oct 33, 1863, disab. 
 Beeks, Wm. J., e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
 Coe, Jno. D., e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
 Chapper, Jno., e. Oct. 23. 1862. 
 Luce, Israel, e. Sept. 13. 1862. 
 Mvers, Sam'l, e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
 Mimn, Jno., e. Oct. 22, 1862, kid. White 
 
 Stone Hill. D. T. 
 Mershon. Lewis C, Sept. 12, 1862. 
 Shoop, Calvin, e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
 Shults, Jno. H., e. Sept. 13, 1863. 
 Sampson, Daniel, e. Oct. 21, 1863. 
 
 COMPANY UNKNOWN. 
 
 Edwards, Jno., e. Oct. 1, 1864. 
 Tubbs, Wm., e. Oct. 1, 1864. 
 
 SEVENTH CAVALRY. 
 
 [Note — This portion of the regimenl iocs mustered otU at 
 Sionx City June 2'2, 1S66.\ 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Shover, Jno., e. Sept. 30. 1861, vet. Feb. 
 
 Company M. 
 
 39, 1864. 
 
 Capt. Geo. H. Wolfe, com. Oct. 35, 1861, 
 
 m. o. Oct. 31, 1864, term exp. 
 Capt. Anthony Courtright, com. 3d lieut. 
 
 Oct. 25, 1861, prmtd. capt. Nov. 25, '64. 
 First Tiieut. L. G. Cunningham, e. as 
 
 coms'v sergt. Sept. 28, 1861, prmtd. 1st 
 
 lieut.Nov. 25, 1864. 
 Sergt. Samuel S. Wherry, e.Sept. 27, 1861, 
 
 vet. Feb. 28, 1864. 
 Corp. John B.Greer, e. Sept. 26, 1861, vet. 
 
 Feb. 38, 1864. 
 Corp. David Robinson, e. Oct. 1, 1861, 
 
 vet. Feb. 28. 1864. 
 Farrier Wm. F. Angstead. e. Oct. 15, 1861. 
 Brady, Wm., e. May 4, 1861. 
 Carter, Wm., e. Sept. 38, 1861, vet. Feb. 
 
 38, 1864. 
 Clarks, Jas., e. Sept. 28. 1861, vet. Feb. 38, 
 
 1864, disd. Feb. 1, 1866, disab. 
 Ferguson, Luther, vet. Feb. 38, 1864. 
 Ferguson, Chas., e. May 6, 1864. 
 Graham, Watson, e. Oct. 24. 1861. 
 Klise, J. W., e. Sept. 28, 1861, vet. Feb. 
 
 28, 1864. 
 Langan, Wm. P., e. Sept. 26, 1861, vet. 
 
 Feb. 28. 1864, disd. Feb. 7, 1866, disab. 
 Ratican, James, e. Sept. 38, 1861, vet. Feb. 
 
 38, 1864. 
 Reamer, Ralph, e. Sept. 26, 1861, vet. Feb. 
 
 28, 1864. 
 
 Seller, Joseph F., e. Oct. 3, 1861, vet. Feb. 
 
 38, 1864. 
 Smith. H. W., e. Sept. 27, 1861, vet. Feb. 
 
 28. 1864. 
 Swan, Avery, e. Sept. 28, 1861, vet. Feb. 
 
 28, 1864. 
 Turkle, Geo., e. Sept. 27, 1861. 
 Thurston, Wm. H., e. Sejit. 26, 1861. 
 Wherry, M. M., e. Sept. 37, 1861, vet. Feb. 
 
 38, 1864. 
 Welch, W. C, e. Sept. 36, 1861, vet. March 
 
 31, 1864. 
 Weeks, E. D., e. May 6, 1863. 
 Yule, Geo. W., e. Sept. 36, 1861, vet. Feb. 
 
 38, 1864. 
 
 EIGHTH CAVALRY. 
 
 [Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Macon, Ga., 
 Aug. 13, 1865.] 
 
 Company C. 
 
 Wagoner Isaac Ackarman, e. Aug. 1, '63. 
 Atkins, Robt., e. Aug. 7, 1863, disd. Dec. 
 
 18, 1868. disab. 
 Coffee, Thos., e. Aug. 8, 1863. 
 Goudv, John S., e. Aug. 1, 1863. 
 Leaper, John A., e. Aug. 1, 1863. 
 Leaper, Jolin. e. Aug. 8, 1863. 
 McMillan, Jas. S., e. Aug. 1, 1863. 
 
 Company L. 
 
 Corp. Wm. Fuller, e. Aug. 5, 1863, captd. 
 at Newnan, Ga. 
 
 Bodenhiffer, George W., e. Aug. 19, 1863, 
 captd. at Newnan, Ga. 
 
 Bentlev, William, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
 
 Fuller," Samuel H., e. Aug. 7, 1863. 
 
 Hawley, F. D., e. Aug. 13, 1863, w^d. at 
 Campbellville, Tenn 
 
 Kinney, Thos. J., e. Aug. 26, 1863. 
 
 McQueen, Adam, e. Aug. 5, 1863, died at 
 Evansville, Ind. 
 
 Miller, Alonzo, e. Aug. 1, 1863, died at 
 Keokuk. 
 
 Wade, Wm.. e. July 31, 1863, died at Chat- 
 tanooga. 
 
 COMPANY UNKNOWN. 
 
 Munson, John, e. Nov. 23. lS64. 
 Smitli, Henry, e. Nov. 23, 1864. 
 Wedley, John F., e. Nov. 33, 1864. 
 
 NINTH CAVALRY. 
 
 [Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Little Rock 
 Feb. 3, 1866.] 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Capt. Jeremiali Lockwood, com. Nov. 30, 
 
 1863, resd. April 30, 1864. 
 Trumpeter John G. Crouse, e. Sept. 33, 
 
 1863. 
 Wag(mer Silas Kennv, e. Oct. 1, 1863. 
 Crook, Wm. C. H., e. .Sept. 10, 1863, died 
 
 at St. Louis. 
 Mann, Benj. F., e. Oct. 1, 1863. 
 Sennot, Chas. P , e. Sejit. 29. 1863. 
 
892 
 
 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 COMPAXV UNKXOAV'N. 
 
 Warden, Geo., e. Oct. 19, 1864. 
 
 MISCELLAXEOUS. 
 First Infantry. 
 
 Soper, E. B., e. April 24, 1861, m. o. Aug. 
 
 25, 1861. 
 Secrest, James M., e. April 24, 1861, m. o. 
 
 Aug. 25, 1861. 
 
 Third Infantry. 
 
 Corp. Cliarles A. Wilber, e. :srav 18, 1861, 
 
 m. o. June 18, 1864. 
 Critclifield, Elliott, e. May 18, 1861, m. o. 
 
 June 18, 1864. 
 Downer, AVm., e. May 18, 1861, m. o. June 
 
 18, 1864. 
 Downer, Horace, e. Nov. 1, 1861, Avd. and 
 
 disd. Nov. 28, 1862. 
 Doty, Jas., e. May 18, 1861, ni. o. June 18, 
 
 1864. 
 Emart, Jacob, e. May 18, 1861, died Nov. 
 
 15, 1861. 
 Maury, Jacob C, e. May 18, 1861, m. o. 
 
 June 18, 1864. 
 Platts, Asa, e. Mav 18, 1861, wd. Shilob, 
 
 ni. o. June 18, 1864. 
 Spence, James, e. May 18, 1861, disd. Feb. 
 
 3. 1862. 
 
 Fifth Infantry. 
 
 Thurston, M. E., e. June 24, 1861, Avd. at 
 
 lul^a. 
 Cocket, E. A., e. June 24. 1861, disd. Dec. 
 
 3, 1862. 
 Corp. Geo. W. Foote, e. Julv 1, 1861, m. o. 
 
 August, 1864. 
 Corp. Jos. L. Carlin, e. July 1, 1861, m. o. 
 
 August, 1864. 
 Conklin, Wm. E., e. July 1, 1861, m. o. 
 
 August, 1864. 
 Stitsman, Rinehart, e. July 1, 1861, m. o. 
 
 August, 1864. 
 
 Sixth Infantry. 
 
 Asst. Surgeon Xorman M. Smitli, com. 
 Oct. 22, 1862. 
 
 Eighth Infantry. 
 
 Kellev, A. W., e. Aug. 14, 1861, vet. Jan. 
 
 1, 1864. 
 Primlev, Wm.. e. Aug. 14, 1861, captd. at 
 
 Sliiloh. 
 Withell, Elias M., e. Aug. 14, 1861, disd. 
 
 March 13, 1862, disab. 
 
 Eleventh Infantry. 
 
 Asst. Surgeon J. C. Batford, com. Oct. 
 
 25, 1863, resd. June 5, 1863. 
 
 First Lieut. John A. White, com. July 
 
 26, 1865. 
 
 Corp. Albert B. Siles, e. Sept. 28, 1861, 
 
 died May 4, 1862. 
 Musician Geo. M. Titus, e. Sept. 18, 1861, 
 
 vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 
 Thirteenth Infantry. 
 
 Second Lieut. Abram E. Wood, prmtd. 2d 
 
 lieut. June 7, 1865. 
 Bowman, Godfrev, e. Oct. 15. 1861, disd. 
 
 Feb. 3, 1865. disab. 
 Foot, Jas., e. Oct. 15, 1861, died Aug. 4, 1862. 
 Lockwood, J., e. Oct. 15, 1861, disd. Dec. 
 
 11, 1861, disab. 
 Postelwaight. J. J., e. Oct. 15, 1861, vet 
 
 Jan. 1, 1864, wd. 
 Shaffer, Samuel B., e. Oct. 1, 1861, disd 
 
 Jan. 1, 1862. 
 Selbv, Henrv. e. Oct. 15, 1861, disd. March 
 
 3, '1862. 
 
 Sixteenth Infantry. 
 
 Blake, James, e. Dec. 9, 1861. wd. Shiloh. 
 Brown, George, e. Dec. 12, 1861, trans, to 
 
 In v. Corps. 
 Bodenhoffer, Jolni, e. Dec. 19, 1861, vet. 
 
 Feb. 28, 1864. wd. 
 Corbin, Aaron F., e. Dec. 20, 1861, died 
 
 June 30, 1862. 
 Hulett, Oliver B., e. Jan. 23, 1862, died 
 
 Aug. 5. 
 Hamilton, Alexander, e. Feb. 23, 1863, 
 
 vet. Feb. 28, 1864, died Aug. 7, 1864. 
 Capt. Marshall C Fuller, com. March 24, 
 
 1862, m. o. June 10, 1862. 
 Corp. Alexander Maple, vet. Jan. 16, 1864, 
 
 captd. July 22. 1864. 
 
 Eighteenth Infantry. 
 
 Corp. Henrv A. Burch, e. Julv 11, 1862, 
 
 m. o. July 20, 1865. 
 Bower, Wilson, e. Julv 9, 1862, m. o. July 
 
 20, 1865. 
 Dumont, Thomas E., e. July 9, 1862, m. o. 
 
 Julv 20, 1865. 
 Hodge, Alfred, e. Julv 11, 1862, wd. Jan. 
 
 8, 1863. 
 Hazel )ri<jg, A. J., e. Julv 7, 1862, m. o. 
 
 July 20, 1865. 
 Phillips, Jerome, e. Julv 21, 1862, disd. 
 
 Feb. 19, 1863, disab. 
 Russell, C. C, e. July 17, 1862, m. o. July 
 
 20, 1865. 
 
 Twenty-first Infantry. 
 
 Blv, Joseph, e. June 25, 1862, m. o. Julv 
 
 i5, 1865. 
 Beattv, David, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m.o. July 
 
 15, 1865. 
 Jefferson, Charles H., e. Aug. 22, 1862. m. 
 
 o. July 15, 1865. 
 Kress, H. W., e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. March 
 
 20, 1863, disab. 
 McMahon. Patrick, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. 
 
 Julv 15. 1865. 
 Robins, Amos, e. Julv 28, 1862, m. o. July 
 
 15, 1865. 
 
 Twenty-sixth Infantry. 
 
 Sergt. :M. R. Brown, e. Jime 27, 1862, disd. 
 
 May 22, 1863, disab. 
 Corp. Alonzo D. Liude, e. July 7, 1862, m. 
 
 o. June 6, 1865. 
 
#-^ 
 
 Col.Chas. f. Springer. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 395 
 
 Farmer, S. H., e. Julv 7, 1863, died Oct. 
 
 19, 1863. 
 Kanallv, James, e. Aag. 2, 1863, died Dec. 
 
 27, 1862. 
 Low, Edwin, e. July 7, 1862, m. o. June 6, 
 
 1865. 
 Reed, Charles, e. June 18, 1863, died Feb. 
 
 23, 1863. 
 Williams, John L., e. July 7, 1862, trans. 
 
 Thirty-fourth Infantry. 
 
 Gifford, C. M., e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. Feb. 
 
 9, 1863. 
 Dickev. R. B., e. Jan. 23, 1864, m. o. Auu'. 
 
 15, 1865. 
 
 Thirty-fifth Infantry. 
 
 Betzer, Aaron R., e. Aug. 19, 1862, trans. 
 
 Thirty-ninth infantry. 
 
 Cline, Chas., e. Aug. 23, 1863, kid. Oct. 5, 
 
 1864. 
 Rye, Wm., e. Aug. 23, 1862, m. o. June 5, 
 
 1865. 
 Snyder, J. F., e. Aug. 22, 1862, captd. Oct. 
 
 5. 1864. 
 
 "Wry, Absalom, e. Aug. 23, 1862, m. o. June 
 
 5. 1865. 
 
 Wry, James, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died Feb. 
 19, 1865. 
 
 Forty-sixth Infantry. 
 
 Thurlow, L. C, e. May 30, 1864, m.o. Sept. 
 
 23, 1864. 
 Coolsmith, Wm., e. May 30, 1864, m. o. 
 
 Sept. 23, 1864. 
 Klise, Chas. F.. e. Mav 30, 1864, m. o. Sept. 
 
 23, 1864. 
 
 Fourth Cavalry. 
 
 Second Lieut. Michael McLaughlin, e. as 
 sergt. Sept. 23. 1861, com. 2d lieut. Sept. 
 28, 1864, returned to 1st sergt. 
 
 Corp. George M. Stewart, e. Sept. 23, 1861, 
 m. o. Aug. 10, 1865. 
 
 Pierce, Laban, vet. Dec. 19, 1863. 
 
 Fifth Cavalry. 
 
 Painter, Wm. H., e. Feb. 26, 1864, m. o. 
 Aug. 11, 1865. 
 
 Fifth Veteran Cavalry. 
 
 Burlingham, Mark, e. Feb, 20, 1864. 
 Newcomb, Geo. W., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
 Samons, Curtis, e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
 Sergt. Luther V. Brainard, Oct. 7, 1861, 
 
 vet. Jan. 1, 1864, prisoner of war. 
 Sergt. William D. Gleasou, e. Oct. 35, 1861, 
 
 vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Brainard, John F., e. Feb. 6, 1861, vet. 
 
 Feb. 6, 1864. 
 Edwards, G. H., e. Oct. 25, 1861, vet. Jan. 
 
 1, 1864. 
 Ensign, G., e. Feb. 26, 1861, vet. Feb. 26, 
 
 1864. 
 
 Isabel], M. M., e. March 7, 1861, vet. March 
 
 7, 1864. 
 Parmenter, AVm. TL, e. Feb. 26, 1861. 
 Randall, O., e. Feb. 26, 1861. 
 
 Third Battery Light Artillery. 
 
 Dodge, Frederick D., vet. March 21, 1864, 
 
 m. 0. Oct. 3, 1865. 
 Waudick, Thos., vet. Dec. 22, 1863, m. o. 
 
 Oct. 3, 1865. 
 Waddick, Wm., vet. Dec. 23, 1863, m. o. 
 
 Oct. 3, 1865. 
 
 Engineer Regiment of the West. 
 
 Artificer -L P. Davis, e. Sept. 31, 1861. 
 Artificer Andrew J. iSTorton, e. Sept. 21, 
 1861. 
 
 Thirteenth Illinois Infantry. 
 
 Musician Samuel Huber, e. xlpril 34, '61. 
 
 Thirty-third Illinois Infantry. 
 
 Cole, Edmund F., e. Aug. 21, 1861, disd. 
 May, 1864. 
 
 Thirty-seventh Illinois Infantry. 
 
 Black, Jas., e. Sept. 8, 1861, m. o. May 15, 
 1866. 
 
 Fifty-first Illinois Infantry. 
 
 Gavin, Wm., e. Jan. 28, 1862, m. o. Sept. 
 25, J 865. 
 
 Second Kansas Cavalry. 
 
 Corp. Jacob S. Ray, e. Sept. 28, 1861. 
 Hays, Horace, e. Sept. 14, 1861. 
 Hoskins, P. L., e. Nov. 14, 1861. 
 Tyrell, Isaac X., e. Oct. 28, 1861. 
 
 Thirteenth Infantry. 
 
 Wood, Abram E., e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Sergt. Hector E. Baldwin, e. Sept. 17, 1861, 
 
 vet. Jan. 1. 1864. 
 Breithaupt, C F., e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Brundage, Oliver, e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Bunce, Wesley, e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. Jan. 
 
 1, 1861. 
 Coffee, Ezra, e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 
 
 1864. 
 Davis, Wm., e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 
 
 1864. 
 Gibliony, Jas., e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 
 
 1864. 
 Kane, Peter, e. Sei)t. 17, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 
 
 1864. 
 Kohl, D., e. Sept. 17, 1861. vet. J;ui. 1. 1864. 
 McArthur, John, e. Sept. 17. 1861, vet. 
 
 Dec. 1, 1863. 
 Phelan, D. J., e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 
 
 1864. 
 Warrington, I. C, e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1864. 
 
396 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 HORRIBLE MURDER IN .JONES COUNTY. 
 
 On Sunday, the 19th of September, 1858, Sheriff Newton S. Noble 
 received information that an atrocious murder had been committed in Wash- 
 ington Township. The Sheriff immediately repaired to the place of the mur- 
 der and succeeded in arresting the murderer. 
 
 The murdered man was a Mr. Keneily, an Irishman, and Ned Penderghast 
 the murderer. The crime was the result of the too free use of the "ardent." 
 These two men were at work mowing, when, having drank too freely, a quarrel 
 ensued, and resulted in the killing of Keneily by Penderghast with a scythe. 
 A Mr. Clancy was badly Avounded by the blow that caused the death of 
 Keneily, he (Clancy) standing near at the time. A good deal of excitement 
 prevailed, and there was much talk of lynching Penderghast, but he was taken 
 to Marion by the Sheriff and confined in jail to await trial. There was no 
 jail in Anamosa at the time. In due time, Penderghast was tried in the Dis- 
 trict Court at Anamosa, convicted of manslaughter, and sentenced to serve at 
 hard labor for two years in the State Penitentiary at Fort Madison. He was 
 taken to Fort Madison by Sheriff Noble, there to serve his time ; returned to 
 Jones County and soon after died. 
 
 OLD settlers' association. 
 
 According to previous announcement, the Old Settlers of Jones County 
 assembled in the City Hall, Anamosa, on Wednesday, April 4, 1866. The 
 meeting was organized by appointing Dr. N. G. Sales, Chairman. Dr. S. G. 
 Matson was chosen Secretary, and T. E. Booth, Assistant Secretary. The 
 object of the meeting was stated by Mr. Otis AVhittemore. 
 
 On motion, a Committee of three was appointed to draft a Constitution and 
 By-Laws for the government of the Association, to-wit : 0. T. Lamson, Dr. S. 
 G. Matson and Otis Whittemore. 
 
 While the Committee was out, Mr. John Merritt, being called upon, gave a 
 bi'ief history of his early life. He came to Jones County in January, 1837. 
 In the June following, he selected a claim near Rome. He afterward returned 
 to New York, and, in 1839, again started West, by water, bringing his family 
 with him. He arrived near where Clinton now is, and had not a dollar in his 
 pocket ! Those who are acquainted with Mr. Merritt will appreciate the con- 
 trast in his financial affairs at that time and noAV. After much trouble and 
 delay, he succeeded in reaching his claim, where he, like many others of the 
 pioneers of the county, by perseverance and frugal industry, attained wealth 
 and comfort for his old age. At the conclusion of the remarks of Mr. Merritt, 
 the Committee reported a Constitution and By-laws for a permanent organiza- 
 tion, and the following oflScers were chosen for the ensuing term : 
 
 President, S. G. iVIatson ; Vice President, Otis Whittemore ; Secretary, 
 J. D. Walworth ; Treasurer, C. T. Lamson. 
 
 The following gentlemen were elected Vice Presidents at large : 
 
 Cass Township, John Powell ; Fairview Township, Joseph A. Secrest ; 
 Greenfield Township, E. V. Miller; Hale Township, L. A. Simpson; Monti- 
 cello Township, Thomas J. Peck ; Rome Township, Timothy Stivers ; Rich- 
 land Township, Barrett Whittemore ; Scotch Grove Township, John E. Love- 
 joy ; Washington Township, Thomas McNnllv ; Wayne Township, Daniel 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 397 
 
 Soper ; Wyoming Township, Thomas Green. (All the townships were not 
 represented.) 
 
 The following named persons were present at the meeting : N. G. Sales, S. 
 G. Matson, John Merritt, Henry Koffitz, J. Clark, E. Brown, B. Chaplin, D. 
 Graham, 0. Whittemore, G. H. Ford, J. Hulton, N. B. Roman, H. Booth, I. 
 Fisher, W. W. Hollenbeck, J. D. Walworth, C. T. Lamson, S. F. Glenn, A. 
 Sutherland, J. E. Lovejoy, G. L. Yount, S. Kelly, G. Brown. E. Brown, H. 
 C. Metcalf, J. Powell, E."^ Booth, Benjamin L. Matson, J. Graham, T. E. Booth, 
 H. Hollenbeck, C W. Hollenbeck, B. Brown. 
 
 Another meeting Avas not held until the 2d of September, 1875. The fol- 
 lowing are the minutes of their doings at the time : 
 
 The old settlers of Iowa, residing in Jones County, met in the observ- 
 atory of the exhibition hall, on the Fair Ground, to the number of about 
 twenty. 
 
 Short remarks were made by Whittemore, Russell, Marvin, Rynerson, Sti- 
 vers and McKean. On motion of Rynerson, the Secretary was instructed to 
 procure the book and funds of the old organization of J. D. Walworth, of Bos- 
 ton, Mass. 
 
 On motion of Pangburn, voted an Executive Committee be appointed, con- 
 sisting of Whittemore Russell, Marvin, Rynerson and Moulton, to draft a 
 Constitution and By-LaAvs for the society, and report at next meeting. The 
 President gave notice that there would be a meeting of the Committee at Moul- 
 ton's office, on Saturday afternoon, the 18th inst. On motion of Judge McKean, 
 voted to adjourn, subject to the call of the President for a permanent organiza- 
 tion. 
 
 Names of those present, their nativity, and the year they came to Iowa: 
 
 B. Whittemore. New Hampshire, 1837 ; Edmund Booth, Massachusetts, 
 1839; Thomas Green, Indiana, 1840; Timothy Stivers, New York, 1840; 
 R. J. Cleveland, Massachusetts, 1841; William Brazleton, Illinois, 3842-. E. 
 A^ Miller, Ohio, 1843; Otis Whittemore, New Hampshire, 1843; William 
 Cline, New York, 1844 ; Elijah Pangburn, New York, 1845 ; R. A. Rynerson, 
 Kentucky, 1845; John Young, England, 1848; A. D. Kline, Virginia, 1849; 
 
 Richard H. Simpson, ; J. C. Austin, Vermont, 1850; John 
 
 Russell, Scotland, 1852; S. S. Farwell. Ohio, 1852 ; John White, Pennsyl- 
 vania, 1852 ; David Ralston, Virginia, 1853 ; M. M. Moulton, New Hamp- 
 shire, 1854; John McKean, Pennsylvania, 1854 ; Robert Dott, Scotland, 1854; 
 Dr. T. E. Mellctt. Indiana, 1855; A. G. Pangburn, New York, 1855; A. H. 
 Marvin, New York, 1855; John Clark, Pennsylvania, 1855. 
 
 Tvr AT TVT o ^ Otis Whittemore, President. 
 
 M. M. Moulton, Secretary. ' 
 
 THE ADDITIONAL PENITENTIARY AT ANAMOSA. 
 
 On the 8th of May, 1872, the Penitentiary Commissioners, Messrs. Martin 
 Heisey, formerly Warden of the State Penitentiary at Fort Madison, William 
 Ure, of Linn County, and Maj. F. L. Downing, of Oskaloosa, inspected sev- 
 eral sites talked of for the location of the Anamosa Penitentiary building. 
 The Commissioners Avere accompanied by Messrs. John McKean, John Tasker, 
 B. F. Shaw, C. II. Lull, Dr. N. G. Sales, T. W. Shapley, E. C. Holt, G. W. 
 Field, J. S. McClure and others. The tract first examined is the south half 
 of the southwest quarter of Section 3, and at the time was the property of 
 Dr. N. G. Sales, except ten acres owned by R. N. Fowler. 
 
398 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTV. 
 
 Having made an examination of this tract, the party returned by way 
 of what was known at the time as the thirteen-acre tract talked of for a county 
 fair ground, lying within the northwestern limits of the corporation. An 
 examination of this tract over, the party returned to the Fisher House. At 1 
 o'clock, a complimentary banquet was given in honor of the Hon. John 
 McKean, Hon. P. G. Bonewitz and Hon. John Tasker, the Jones County mem- 
 bers of the General Assembly, as a recognition of their eiforts in behalf of the 
 Penitentiary project, and also in honor of the Commissioners, who were present 
 for the first time in official capacity. At the conclusion of the banquet. Sena- 
 tor John McKean called the house to order, and Capt. E. B. Alderman was 
 made Chairman. 
 
 Messrs. H. C. Metcalf, C. H. Lull and R. N. Fowler were appointed a 
 committee to act for the city of Anamosa with the Penitentiary Commissioners, 
 in matters pertaining to the location of the Penitentiary buildings, and 
 other things coming within the province of the Commissioners as to the 
 city of Anamosa. T. R. Ercanbrack, Milton Remley and J. L. Sheean 
 were appointed a committee, and reported resolutions expressive of the senti- 
 ments of those present toward the Jones County members and others, for 
 their efforts and services in behalf of the penitentiary project. The report 
 was unanimously adopted, after which the meeting adjourned, and the Com- 
 missioners took their departure for a tour of observation to the prisons of other 
 States. 
 
 About the 4th of June, 1HT2, the Commissioners met and located the Pen- 
 itentiary just northwest of the town, on the ground in the angle formed by the 
 Dubuque & Southwestern Railroad and the public highway leading from Ana- 
 mosa to Fisherville. A subscription of $3,500 was raised by the citizens to 
 purchase such lands as were not donated. Dr. Sales donated twelve lots, and 
 sold two more at $50 each. On the west side of the Buffalo, the Doctor 
 donated thirty-six acres, and sold twenty-five acres for $1,250, the citizens 
 paying for the same. The Doctor also gave the right of way over his land to 
 the quarries, as did also Mr. Israel Fisher. The first quarry bought by the 
 State lies three miles west of the land donated to the State. This quarry 
 includes twenty acres within boundaries, more or less being suitable for the 
 purpose for which it was purchased. The second quarry comprises a tract of 
 eighty acres, a large part of which is underlaid with the finest of building- 
 stone. The latter was the Avell-known and valuable quarry of Messrs. Krause, 
 Shaw & Weaver, which had been running for years, and, at the time, was 
 owned by Dr. Sales. 
 
 The State has 100 acres of land at the quarries, sixty-one acres of pasture 
 or tillable land in the forks of the Buffalo, and fifteen acres for the Peniten- 
 tiary buildings — in all, about 175 acres. The State paid to Dr. Sales for the 
 quarries, $15,000 ; the citizens paid to him, $1,250; Orrin Sage, of Ware, 
 Mass., donated one block of ten lots for the buildings, and other lots were pur- 
 chased by the citizens to the full amount of their subscriptions, and donated by 
 them to the State. The State thus secures more than was called for in the 
 bill for its location, to wit: Ten acres of stone quarry, at a cost not to exceed 
 $15,000, and seventy acres for penitentiary and other purposes. The pledges 
 of the citizens to the State were fully carried out. we are glad to record, to the 
 honor of the people of Jones County. 
 
 The plan of the new Penitentiary was the work of L. W. Foster & Co., and 
 the proper authorities approved the same, at Des Moines, about the 1st of Sep- 
 tember, 1872. 
 
I 
 
 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 399 
 
 The following is a synopsis of the plan adopted : The structure is to 
 be of cut stone, 636x933 feet on the ground. In the center of the front 
 is the Warden's house, 50x60 feet and five stories high, the last a tower 
 whose summit is 112 feet above the base. These apartments Avill be 
 furnished in comfortable and substantial style. In the rear of the Warden's 
 house is the guardhouse, 20x40 feet in size, and in the rear of that the 
 guards' rotunda. 50x50 feet. Opening off from the rotunda to the right 
 and left are the cellrooms, each 52x190 feet, and each containing 320 
 cells. In the rear of the rotunda is the dining-room, 50x120 feet. Over 
 this apartment are the chapel, schoolroom, library and hospital, all con- 
 nected with the center building by an inclosed corridor. All the rooms 
 ai'e well lighted and fully ventilated. The grounds are to be inclosed with a 
 stone wall twenty-two feet high, six feet thick at the base and four feet thick 
 at the top. 
 
 Whoever remembers the State Penitentiaries of forty years ago, will readily 
 see and appreciate the vast progress made in a single generation in providing 
 for the prisonei's a dining-room, chapel, library and schoolroom. Such things 
 were undreamed of by lawmakers not many years ago. 
 
 The work on the buildings was commenced on the 28th of September, 
 1872. A good degree of progress has been made, and, at present writing, 
 there are cells and accommodations for about two hundred convicts, who are 
 employed in the quarries and in labor at stone-cutting and construction labor. 
 The cells, dining-room, cook department, chapel and hospital are now in what 
 is to be one of the workshops, when the additional buildings are completed. 
 About 20 per cent of the work necessary to the completion of specifications 
 laid down in the plan is already accomplished, and the work is progressing 
 nicely under the present management. The building, when completed, will be 
 an imposing structure, one of the largest and most thoroughly modern, in all of 
 its appointments, of any prison in the country. When completed, the War- 
 den's house, prison cells, guards' hall, entrance hall to the dining-room, will be 
 in the shape of a cross, and a guard standing in the center of this hall can see 
 to the extremity of either wing. A provision is made whereby the guards 
 mount the wall from the outside, and avoid the necessity of passing among the 
 prisoners in mounting guard. The buildings, shops and walls will be built of 
 stone obtained from the State quarries, elsewhere described, and the labor is 
 done by the prisoners. 
 
 On the 13th of May, 1873, twenty convicts were transferred from the 
 Penitentiary at Fort Madison, and with these there have been received, up to 
 present writing, 606 convicts ; 435 have been discharged, by reason of expira- 
 tion of terra of service, by pardon and other causes, leaving in the prison 171 
 prisoners. A few have escaped during the time, but are counted with the 
 435. 
 
 Of the Commissioners first appointed, Mr. Heisey was made Acting Warden 
 and served in that capacity until the 1st of April, 1876, when the Hon. A. E. 
 Martin, of Delhi, Avas made Warden, and still continues in that position. The 
 financial aflfiiirs during Mr. Heisey "s administration seem to have been some- 
 what defective, as disclosed by an examination of the books. We understand 
 that an investigation has been had, and that a final adjustment was made with 
 the State of Iowa, and Mr. Heisey exonerated from any criminal negligence 
 while acting in the capacity of Warden. 
 
 The accommodations for prisoners, to the number now held, are passably 
 commodious, and as healthful as it is possible to make them under the 
 
400 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 circumstances. The prisoners are kindly treated, and most excellent dis- 
 cipline secured by firm and ja<licious treatment. The present officers are : 
 
 Hon. A. E. Martin, Warden. 
 
 L. B. Peet, Acting Deputy Warden. 
 
 W. H. Pearson, Clerk. 
 
 L. J. Adair, Physician. 
 
 Mrs. A. C. Merrill. Chaplain. 
 
 Lew Kinsey, Turnkey. 
 
 Number of guards, twenty-one. 
 
 Mr. Martin not only insists that each one shall be faithful to the purposes for 
 which he is appointed, but likewise is always on hand to give personal super- 
 vision to all mattei's of importance. 
 
 Mrs. A. C. Merrill is the only lady chaplain of a similar institution in the 
 United States, and is eminently satisfactory to the officers, and universally pop- 
 ular with the prisoners. With the assistance of some of the citizens of 
 Anamosa, she conducts a good Sabbath school each Sunday morning, after 
 which the chapel exercises continue for the space of an hour. The convicts 
 who are well enough are required to attend chapel service, but volunteers com- 
 pose the Sunday-school scholars. In addition to the devotional and singing 
 exercises at the chapel service, a sermon is delivered by some one — Mrs. Mer- 
 rill frequently acting in this capacity herself — or some one is invited to deliver 
 a didactic discourse. From a small beginning a library of upwards of 700 vol- 
 umes has been secured, and the prisoners — a goodly number of them-- 
 thoroughly interested in reading. The books are mostly standard works, and 
 reflect credit upon those who have made the selections from time to time. 
 Those in the hospital are well and kindly cared for. The treatment of the sick 
 is both rational and scientific. 
 
 Very little punishment is necessary, for the rules of discipline are so reason- 
 able that only the most obstinate and willful could refuse to obey them. Out of 
 seventy-six last discharged, forty-six gained a full reduction in time by reason 
 of good conduct. Most of the others gained nearly full time, losing a few days 
 only. Everything in and about the building is neatly and cleanly kept, and 
 bears a cheerful and healthful appearance. 
 
 An examination at sundry times of the management of affairs warrants tht 
 conclusion that the interests of the State at this institution are carefully 
 guarded. Mr. Pearson, the clerk, is an accurate and faithful accountant, and 
 the books of the institution are kept by the most approved methods. 
 
 PRISON STATISTICS. 
 
 Statement of convicts received into and discharged from the Additional 
 Penitentiary from October 1, 1877, to September 30, 1879, both dates inclusive: 
 
 III confinement Octoher 1, 1877 140 
 
 Jleceived by convicti'n of courts up to September 30, 1879 205 
 
 Received for safe keeping; -3 
 
 Escaped prisoners, recaptured and returned 6 
 
 Total 4oo 
 
 Convicts Discharged — By expiration of term, 178; by pardon, 41; by 
 commutation, 2; by escape, 14; by death, 3; by order of State Courts, 10; 
 by order of United States Court, G ; sent to Asylum, 1 ; by transfer to Fort 
 Madison Prison, 20; in confinement September 30, 1879, 180; total, 455. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNJV. 401 
 
 Statement of Habits — Temperate, 199 ; intemperate, 101 ; total, 300. 
 
 Social State — Married, 92 ; widowers, 11 ; single, 197. 
 
 ^V.T— Male, 299 ; female, 1. 
 
 Education — Good, 86; fair, 8; common, 215; poor, 41. 
 
 Religious Education — Adventist, 2 ; Baptist, 12 ; Catholic, 65 ; Christian, 
 
 6 ; Congregational, 7 ; Episcopal, 10 ; Evangelistic, 1 ; Friends, 1 ; Jew, 1 ; 
 Lutheran, 26; Methodist, 87; None, 53; Presbyterian, 23; Quaker, 1; Uni- 
 tarian, 1 ; United Brethren, 2 ; Universalist, 2. 
 
 Statement of Term — Thirty days, 1 ; sixty days, 1 ; seventy days, 1 ; 
 three months, 7 ; one hundred days, 3 ; four months, 7 ; five months, 1 ; six 
 months, 37; eight months, 5; nine months, 12; ten months, 3; one year, 44 
 fourteen months, 1 ; fifteen months, 3; sixteen months, 4; eighteen months, 16 
 twenty months, 2; two years, 51; twenty-seven months, 1; thirty months, 15 
 three years, 30; three years and eight months, 1; four years, 10; four and 
 one-half years, 1; five years, 17; six years, 2; seven years, 3; eight years, 
 
 1 ; ten years, 8 ; twelve and one-half years, 1 ; fifteen years, 1 ; sixteen years, 
 1; twenty years, 1; life, 3; safe keeping, 5; total, 300. 
 
 Statement of Age — Sixteen years, 6 ; seventeen, 7 ; eighteen, 16 ; nine- 
 teen. 24; twenty, 18; twenty-one, 16; twenty-two, 20; twenty-three, 26; 
 twenty-four, 22; twenty-five, 12; twenty-six, 10; twenty-seven, 6; twenty- 
 eight. 10; twenty-nine, 15; thirty, 11; thirty-one, 10; thirty-two, 7; thirty- 
 three, 5; thirty-four, 7; thirty-five, 3; Dhirty-six, 1; thirty-seven, 7; thirty- 
 eight, 4; thirty-nine, 6; forty, 2; forty-two, 4; forty-three, 3; forty-four, 
 1; forty-six, 2; forty-seven, 1; forty-eight, 2; fifty, 2; fifty-one, 4; fifty-two, 
 2; fifty-three, 1; fifty-four, 1; fifty-five, 1; fifty-seven, 1; fifty-eight, 1; 
 sixty, 2; sixty-nine, 1; total, 300. 
 
 Statement of Nativity — Alabama, 1; Florida, 1; Illinois, 29; Indiana, 
 10; Iowa, 29; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 4; Massachusetts, 7; Maine, 2; Mary- 
 land, 1 ; Michigan, 6 ; Minnesota, 2 ; Mississippi, 2 ; Missouri, 7 ; New 
 Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 4; New York, 44; Ohio, 29; Pennsylvania, 18; 
 Rhode Island, 1; Tennessee, 1; Vermont, 2; Virginia, 4; Wisconsin, 24; 
 West Virginia, 1; Canada, 10; Denmark, 3; England, 10; France, 1; Ger- 
 many, 15; Ireland, 12; Norway, 5; Ocean, 1; Poland, 1; Prussia, 5; Scot- 
 land, 4; Sweden, 2; total, 300. 
 
 Occupation — Baker, 1; barber, 7 ; blacksmith, 8; bookbinder, 1 ; book- 
 keeper, 2 ; bricklayer, 2 ; brushmaker, 1 ; butcher, 9 ; cabinet-maker, 1 ; 
 carpenter, 9 ; carriage-trimmer, 1 ; chainmaker, 1 ; cigar-maker, 4 ; civil 
 engineer, 1 ; clerk, 4 ; cook, 6 ; cooper, 1 ; druggist, 1 ; engineer, 1 ; farmer, 
 61 ; farrier, 1 ; file-cutter, 1 ; fireman, 9 ; galvanizer. 1 ; hack-driver, 1 ; har- 
 ness-maker, 3 ; housework, 1 ; laborer, 89 ; rpachinist, 4 ; mason, 2 ; merchant, 
 3 ; miller, 1 ; miner, 1 ; molder, 1 ; night-watch, 1 ; none, 2 ; peddler, 2 ; 
 photographer, 1 ; physician, 2 ; plasterer, 8 ; porter, 1 ; printer, 3 ; professor 
 of languages, 1 ; railroad, 7 ; restaurant-keeper, 1 ; sailor, 3 ; saloon-keeper, 
 
 2 ; shoemaker, 7 ; steamboat, 2 ; stocking-maker, 1 ; stone-cutter, 2 ; tailor, 
 2 ; tanner, 1 ; teacher, 1 ; teamster, 5 ; trader, 2 ; watchmaker, 1 ; weaver, 
 1 ; wood- carver, 1. 
 
 Place of Crime — Allamakee, 2 ; Benton, 9 ; Black Hawk, 12 ; Boone, 2 
 Bremer, 1 ; Buchanan, 5 ; Buena Vista, 1 ; Butler, 9 ; Cedar, 6 ; Cerro Gordo 
 
 7 ; Cherokee, 1 ; Chickasaw, 4 ; Clayton, 20 ; Clinton, 29 ; Delaware, 3 
 Dubuque, 15 ; Fayette, 9 ; Floyd, 9 ; Franklin, 4 ; Greene, 3 ; Grundy, 3 
 Hamilton, 1 ; Hardin, 5 ; Harrison, 3 ; Howard. 2 : Iowa, 2 ; Ida, 1 ; Jack 
 son, 8; Johnson, 3; Jones, 13; Kossuth, 2: Linn, 19; Marshall. 12; 
 
402 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Mitchell, 10 ; Monona, 1 ; Osceola, 5 ; Palo Alto, 3 ; Plymouth, 1 ; Scott, 24; 
 Story, 10 ; Tama, 9 ; Winneshiek, 2 ; Woodbury, 5 ; North Division U. S. 
 District of Iowa, 5. 
 
 Crime of Convict — Adultery, 4 ; arson, 7 ; assault with intent to murder, 
 9 ; assault with intent to rape, 7 ; assault with intent to rob, 3 ; assisting 
 prisoners to escape, 1 ; attempt to extort money, 2 ; bigamy, 3 ; breaking and 
 entering, 24 ; breaking and entering bank building, 2 ; breaking and entering 
 dwelling-house, 7 ; burglary, 37 ; conspiracy, 3 ; disposing of mortgaged prop- 
 erty, 1 ; embezzlement. 1 ; felony, 3 ; forgery, 24 ; grand larceny, 14 ; larceny, 
 104; incest, 2; manslaughter, 7; murder first degree, 5; murder second 
 degree, 2; obtaining money under false pretence, 1; perjury, 2; rape, 1; 
 receiving stolen property, 2 ; robbery, 13 ; seduction, 1 ; stealing from the per- 
 son, 2 ; uttering forged notes, 1 ; for safe keeping, 5 ; total, 300. 
 
 STATE FISH-HATCHING ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 The fish law of the State of Iowa was passed by the Fifteenth General 
 Assembly, and is entitled an " Act to provide for the appointment of a Board 
 of Fish Commissioners for the construction of Fishways for the protection and 
 propagation of Fish." 
 
 The law has been amended, some portions repealed, and other enactments 
 added. Under the provisions of the first enactment, the Governor appointed 
 as Commissioners Messrs. S. B. Evans, of Ottumwa ; B. F. Shaw, of x\namosa, 
 and Charles A. Haines, of Waterloo. 
 
 The Commissioners met at Des Moines May 10, 1874, and elected S. B. 
 Evans, President ; B. F. Shaw, Secretary and Superintendent, and C. A. 
 Haines, Treasurer. They divided the State into three divisions, each to super- 
 intend a division, the better to enable them to more thoroughly superintend the 
 erection and construction of fishAvays. The Board continued the work intrusted 
 to their hands until the law was so changed as to require the appointment of 
 but one Commissioner, and B. F. Shaw was appointed State Fish Commis- 
 sioner, and continues to act in said capacity. Under a resolution of the Board, 
 Mr. Shaw was authorized to build a State Hatching House, and, as far as 
 practicable, procure spawn of valuable fish adapted to the waters of the State 
 of Iowa, and hatch and prepare them for distribution, and, as far as practicable, 
 assist in putting them into the waters of the State. v 
 
 In the summer of 1874, Mr. Shaw built for the State, two and a half miles 
 west of Anamosa, and near the bank of the Wapsipinicon River, a State Hatch- 
 ing House. A tract of twenty acres of land was purchased for the State, of 
 Col. W. T. Shaw, for ^360. The building erected thereon is 20x40 feet, and 
 two stories high. An excavation three and a half feet in depth, the full size of 
 the building, was first made, and a good, substantial stone wall put in to this 
 depth for a foundation. The building, a substantial frame, is high enough to 
 allow an eleven-foot story below, and an eight and a half one above. The 
 upper story is finished off, lathed and plastered, neatly and tastily furnished to 
 accommodate the keeper's family. All the appointments of the building are 
 first-class. The building; is constructed with a direct reference to the attain- 
 ment of as even a temperature as possible the year round. The interval 
 between the studding is filled with sawdust, from sills to roof, securing warmth 
 in winter and coolness in summer. The hatching-room, the lower story, is lined 
 throughout with ship-lapped ceiling. Nine rows of zinc-lined hatching-troughs, 
 16 feet long, 1 foot wide and 4 inches deep, were firmly fixed on solid benches 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 403 
 
 about one and a half feet from the ground. There are two sections of these 
 troughs, the second section being six inches lower than the first, thus giving a 
 break in the water flow, and more thoroughly aerating all its parts with needed 
 fresh air for the remainder of the spawn and baby fish in the second section of 
 the troughs. In these troughs is laid a bed of clean gravel, on which rests 
 the fish spawn. This gravel is obtained at the river-bank near by, and the 
 very coarse and fine portions sifted out. The medium-sized gravel thus obtained 
 is boiled, and every particle of sediment removed, in order that the ova of 
 insects and reptiles may not be introduced into the hatching-troughs. 
 
 The above-described hatching apparatus was used for a time, and worked 
 admirably; but Mr. Shaw, who is thoroughly posted in the propagation 
 of fish, invented an apparatus that proves to be much superior, and the 
 capacity of the house increased thereby ten or twelve times, and a portion only 
 of the zinc troughs are now used for nurseries for the baby fish. 
 
 Hatching is done from the 1st of November to the middle of March, and 
 the distribution takes place when the fish are from six to fifteen weeks old. We 
 visited the hatching-house during the month of September, and, consequently, 
 no hatching was being done. 
 
 The spring from which the water is supplied is ten feet in diameter, and 
 five feet deep. The water bubbles up from the bottom, and the supply in all 
 seasons is more than sufficient for the capacity of the hatching-house. 
 
 In addition to the work of hatching and distributing, Mr. Shaw is culti- 
 vating a few thousand fish of different varieties for the purpose of practically 
 demonstrating how they should be kept and handled by those who wish to suc- 
 ceed in fish culture. The water that passes through the hatching-house is 
 utilized for the purpose, and two reservoirs and three small ponds are con- 
 structed, by means of which the fish of diff"erent ages are separated. The 
 water is kept in each of these to the depth of two to three feet. The reservoirs 
 are about 6x8 feet, and the ponds 25x30 feet. In the reservoirs, there are 
 about seven thousand small fish less than a year old. They are principally 
 salmon trout, brook trout, land-locked salmon and California salmon. In the 
 ponds, the fish are of the same varieties, only larger and older. The salmon 
 trout two years old are from ten to fifteen inches long, and weigh, on an aver- 
 age, about one pound. There are about three thousand of these. The 
 largest fish is twenty-five and a half inches long, and weighs seven pounds. It 
 is four years old. Mr. Shaw had a life-size painting of this fish, in oil, by 
 A^anderpool, of Chicago, on exhibition at the late County Fair at Monticello. 
 The fish is decidedly a beauty, and the painting a good one. 
 
 The fish are fed nothing but cooked food, and the cooking is all done by 
 steam. A cookhouse, 14x16 feet, one story high, has been erected, and a 
 steaming apparatus, invented by Mr. Shaw, constructed by Mr. Slocum, the 
 keeper, therein. Here the food is cooked and chopped to diff"erent degrees of 
 fineness, according to ages of the fish to be fed. The food consists, princi- 
 pally, of the liver and lights of the animals slaughtered at the various meat 
 markets. 
 
 A good, substantial barn, with wagon-shed attached, for the use of the 
 keeper, and also a good bank-cellar and woodhouse, have been constructed, at 
 no expense to the State, except that of the materials used. At this season of 
 the year, Mr. Slocum, the keeper, devotes his entire time to the clearing and 
 improvement of the land belonging to the State. 
 
 Through the action of the Commissioners, there were distributed within the 
 State, from May 10, 1874, to May 10, 1875, 100,000 shad, 300,000 California 
 
404 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 salmon, 10,000 bass, 80,000 Penobscot salmon, 5,000 land-locked salmon, 
 20,000 other kinds. 
 
 The following is the summary for 1876 and 1877 : 
 
 1876— Native fish distributed 1,574,200 
 
 1876— Salmon and lake trout 533,000 
 
 1876— Shad 100,000 
 
 1876— Whitefish 125,000 
 
 1876— Eels 100,000 
 
 1876 — Penobscot salmon 80,000 
 
 1876 — Land-locued salmon 5,000 
 
 1876— Native fish distributed from car 319,000 
 
 1877— Lake trout distributed 303,-500 
 
 1877— Native fish distributed 50,000 
 
 1877— Brook trout distributed 81.000 
 
 1877— Shad distributed 150,000 
 
 1877 — California salmon distributed 25,000 
 
 1877 — Land-locked salmon distributed 10,000 
 
 1877 — Fish on hand at hatching-house 10,000 
 
 1877 — California salmon at hatching-house 100,000 
 
 1877 — Lake trout eggs on hand at hatching-house 1,750,000 
 
 Total 5,315,700 
 
 The following is the summary of the distributions made during the years 
 1878 and 1879, up to the 1st of September, 1879 : 
 
 1878— Native fish in the Mississippi River 2,648,500 
 
 1878 — Native fish in inland waters 641, -500 
 
 1878— Shad in inland waters 1(,0,000 
 
 1878 — Lake trout in inland waters 800,000 
 
 1878 — Salmon in inland waters 281,500 
 
 1879— Salmon in inland waters 210,000 
 
 1879 — Lake trout in inland waters 620,000 
 
 1879 — Land-locked salmon 15,«i00 
 
 1879— lirook trout 85 OtO 
 
 It is expected to hatch this season about the same number of eggs as were 
 hatched last season. 
 
 We are glad to state that the books and reports of Mr. Shaw are so kept 
 that the condition of the business may be easily known at any time. Mr. Slo- 
 cum, under the tutorage of the Superintendent, has acquired a thorough knowl- 
 edge of the duties of keeper, and performs his duties with fidelity. 
 
 We have made careful examination of the condition of this State estab- 
 lishment, and we are glad to state that we feel confident that the Governor has 
 appointed the right man to the right place in the appointment of the Hon. B. 
 F. Shaw. State Fish Commissioner. It is more usual than it ought to be that 
 such offices arc held for the emoluments alone, but Mr. Shaw is not only com- 
 petent, but likewise an enthusiast in the matter of fish culture, and he brings 
 to his work an energy and perseverance that is worthy and commendable. We 
 state the above as a just testimonial to the ability and the faithful performance 
 of incumbent duties by a public official. 
 
 In the year 1877, Mr. Shaw invented a plan for a fish-way in streams 
 where dams are necessary to utilize water privileges, which is decidedly unique 
 and promises to be largely adopted by Fish Commissioners, and extensively 
 used throughout the country. Several of them are now in use in this State. 
 At a meeting of the Fish Commissioners of the State of Michigan, in the same 
 year in which the plan was invented, for the purpose of securing the most 
 approved and practical fish-way, for use in the streams of that State, Mr. 
 Shaw's plan was exhibited among the many others from different States, as 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 405 
 
 well as a number from England and the continent, and was unanimously 
 adopted as the one most practical. 
 
 The Fish Commissioners of the State of Minnesota have also adopted the 
 Shaw plan for fish-ways in the streams of that State. A thousand or more of 
 lithographic representations of the plan have been printed for free distribu- 
 tion, that the plan may be known, without cost, to those wishing to use fish ways. 
 
 On this, as well as on numerous of other inventions in connection with fish- 
 hatching and fish-culture, Mr. Shaw has asked for no letters patent. As has 
 been said, he is an enthusiast in the matter of fish-culture, and the results of 
 his experience he freely gives, that others may be benefited thereby. 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL. 
 
 We extract the following review of the meteorology of Monticello, Iowa, 
 for the years 1854-79, prepared by M. M. Moulton, of the Volunteer Signal 
 Service of the U. S. A. Latitude, 42.13 ; longitude, 91.15 ; elevation (above 
 the sea), 800 feet ; magnetic variations, 8.5 degrees east. 
 
 ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. 
 
 The first air thermometer was invented by Sanctorio, of Padua, in 1590. 
 Improvements and modifications subsequently followed. Tubes terminating in 
 bulbs, and charged with alcohol, were constructed by an Italian in 1655. 
 Romer afterward employed mercury in lieu of alcohol. In 1714, Fahrenheit, 
 a native of Dantzic, introduced a graduated scale, fixing the zero point at the 
 greatest cold known to have occurred in Ireland ; and since the freezing point 
 of water is 32 degrees and the boiling point 212 degrees (at a mean atmos- 
 pheric pressure), he graduated the thermometric scale between these two impor- 
 tant points into 180 equal parts. The popular companions to Fahrenheit's 
 thermometer are the Centigrade, employed in France, and the Reaumur, 
 employed in Germany and Russia. The annexed thermometric record com- 
 prises a comprehensive view of the principal thermal changes, to which is 
 afiixed an annual comparative record : 
 
 OBSERVATIONS TAKEN DAILY AT 7 o' CLOCK A. M., AND 2 AND 9 o'CLOCK, P. M 
 
 1876. 
 
 January 
 
 February 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 Annual, 187G 
 
 Annual, 1875 
 
 Annual, 1874 
 
 For twenty years 
 
 *A dash (-) signifiea below zero. 
 
 55 
 53 
 53 
 73 
 90 
 90 
 95 
 93 
 79 
 72 
 64 
 40 
 95 
 92 
 96 
 102 
 
 21 
 37 
 52 
 62 
 55 
 40 
 28 
 
 -18 
 -18 
 -8 
 -21 
 -36 
 
 Mean. 
 
 25.7 
 25.9 
 28.4 
 48.8 
 60.9 
 69.4 
 76.4 
 71.3 
 61.3 
 45.9 
 31.7 
 11.8 
 46.4 
 4r!.4 
 46.8 
 45.7 
 
 
 Tern, of 
 
 
 weU water 
 
 63 
 
 42 
 
 58 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 46 
 
 52 
 
 46 
 
 53 
 
 50 
 
 38 
 
 50 
 
 33 
 
 51 
 
 38 
 
 52 
 
 39 
 
 54 
 
 44 
 
 49 
 
 61 
 
 50 
 
 58 
 
 48 
 
 113 
 
 48.5 
 
 100 
 
 46.4 
 
 117 
 
 45.2 
 
 138 
 
 47.3 
 
406 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 While the past year has had several warm days and even months, the mean 
 temperature, as a whole, has fallen below the normal. The temperature reached 
 as high as 95 degrees above on July 8 — three degrees warmer than last year — 
 and fell as low as 18 degrees below zero on December 9 — eleven degrees below 
 last year — making a mean temperature for the year of 46.4 degrees, and 2.4 
 degrees below the normal. The Maquoketa River was open opposite town on 
 February 13, after being frozen over for the space of twenty-five days, and was 
 closed again December 2, after being open for 292 days. The last hoar-frost 
 occurred June 21, and tlje first for the season was September 27, making 97 
 days without frost against 116 last year. 
 
 FIRST FROSTS AND NUMBER OF DAYS WITHOUT FROST. 
 
 YEAR. FIRST FROST. 
 
 1870 October 13, 
 
 1871 September 21, 
 
 1872 September 27, 
 
 1873 September 8, 
 
 1874 September 30, 
 
 1875 September 11, 
 
 1876 September 27, 
 
 The following table shows the amount of rain and melted snow in inches, 
 and the number of rainy days during the year ; also the amount of snow in 
 inches, and the number of days on which snow fell in sufficient quantity to be 
 measured. The first snow of the year was landed November 6, against Octo- 
 ber 26 in 1875, or eleven days later than last year: 
 
 NO. OF DAYS 
 
 VITHOUT FROST. 
 
 166 
 
 days 
 
 133 
 
 do 
 
 147 
 
 do 
 
 117 
 
 do 
 
 134 
 
 do 
 
 IIH 
 
 do 
 
 97 
 
 do 
 
 1876. 1 
 
 1 
 
 Precipitation. 
 
 1 Rainy days. 
 
 Inches snow. 
 
 i Days 
 snow. 
 
 January 
 
 February 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 2.29 
 
 1.88 
 
 4.09 
 
 2.83 
 
 4.75 
 
 7.00 
 
 10.45 
 
 5.74 
 
 . 8.62 
 
 1.24 
 
 2.64 
 
 .77 
 
 52.30 
 
 29.57 
 
 35.16 
 
 ' 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 13 
 
 8 
 11 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 72 
 
 61 
 
 67 1 
 
 2.00 ' 
 .32 
 19.50 
 1.00 
 
 1 
 2 
 6 
 1 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 
 
 
 July 
 
 
 
 Auo'ust 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 October 
 
 
 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 7.25 
 
 8.08 
 
 38.15 
 
 44.72 
 
 1 38 64 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1876 
 
 1875 
 
 For twenty years ! 
 
 23 
 32 
 
 28 
 
 The total amount of rain for the year amounts to 52.30 inches, against 
 29.57 inches last year, and 17.14 inches above the normal; it being the most 
 precipitation received for any one year since 1852, Avhen we were treated to 
 59.49 inches. The snow amounts to 38.15, a trifle below the normal, and the 
 largest share of it came last March. It rained on 72 days, mostly in the sum- 
 mer months, against 61 days last year, and snowed on 23 days, against 32 days 
 last year. With that number of snowy days, we have not had enough at any 
 one time during the year for good sleighing. 
 
 FIRST SNOW. 
 
 1870 December 11, .75 inches. 1873 October 29, 1.40 inches. 
 
 1871 October 31,1.05 do 1874 November 19, .54 do 
 
 1872 November 14, 6.62 do , 1875 October 26, .16 do 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 407 
 
 The following table exhibits the mean direction of the wind. The figures 
 denote the number of times, each month, the wind prevailed in each of the eight 
 cardinal points, together with the annual results compared with the three pre- 
 ceding years : 
 
 DAYS DIFFERENT WINDS PREVAILING FROM. 
 
 N. E. 
 
 January 2 
 
 February 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July I 
 
 August 
 
 September 2 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 Annual, 1876 5 
 
 Annual, 1875 40 
 
 Annual, 1874 37 
 
 Annual, 1873 48 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 21 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 16 
 
 B. 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 23 
 30 
 36 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 66 
 
 82 
 
 93 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 5 
 32 
 43 
 41 
 
 S. W. 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 
 n 
 
 17 
 15 
 15 
 14 
 
 8 
 12 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 114 
 
 38 
 
 36 
 
 33 
 
 W. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 44 
 
 43 
 
 37 
 
 N. W. 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 17 
 
 122 
 
 85 
 
 67 
 
 78 
 
 Calm. 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 6 
 6 
 1 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 23 
 6 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 I 
 
 The prevailing winds are from the Northwest, coming from that direction 
 for 122 days out of the 366 days of the year, just one- third of the whole year. 
 In point of strength and character, they are notorious, surpassing the south 
 and southwest winds in force and velocity, frequently attaining a velocity of 
 25 to 30 miles an hour. It thundered and lightened on 55 days, was foggy on 
 28 days, and hazy on 12 days during the year. 
 
 FLOODS AND STORMS. 
 
 YEAR. DATE. WATER. 
 
 1851 June 7 3.75 
 
 1858 August 1 4.50 
 
 1863 June 30 (hail storm) 1.00 
 
 1865 June 28-29 3.81 
 
 1876 July 4-5 3.50 
 
 1878 October 8 (tornado) .15 
 
 1879 July 9 5.60 
 
 1879 August 28 3.00 
 
 The first flood was June 7, 1851. After raining several hours, the water 
 rose in the Maquoketa, overflowed its banks, and the low, flat lands on both 
 sides of the river were inundated. Mr. Joseph Clark was, at that time, living 
 in a log house on the bank of Kitty Creek, just north of Lot No. 41 of the 
 original plat, and southeast of the house now occupied by Mr. August Grass- 
 meyer, on the road to Dubuque. The water came into Mr. Clark's house and 
 put the fire out in the fire-place, and floated the partly consumed wood around 
 the room, and the family had to seek other quarters for safety. At this date, 
 the Western Stage Company were running a daily line of mail-stages from 
 Dubuque to Iowa City, and all passengers and the mails had to be transferred 
 across the water in a roAvboat. The town lot where Mr. W. H. Proctor's brick 
 and stone store now is was all covered with several feet of water, and the flood 
 at one time touched Main street in front of the Monticello House. The water 
 that fell in the rain-gauge at this storm measured 3.75 inches. 
 
 The second flood occurred August 1, 1858. The water at this time was full 
 as high as that of the one before mentioned. The west end of the then wooden 
 bridge over the Maquoketa River gave way and dropped on the bank, and the 
 
408 IIISTOUY OF JONES COUNTV. 
 
 planks of all three of the spans were floated down stream on their way to the 
 Mississippi. The mail and passengers had to be transferred as heretofore, and 
 were taken in at the foot of Main street, near Mr. Doxsee's residence, and 
 landed at the foot of the sand-hill in East Monticello. Frequently, the through 
 mail-bags and paper sacks were enough to fill one boat load. There were six 
 families living at East Monticello at this date, viz., Dewey, McDonald, Moul- 
 ton, N. P. Starks, Houser and Eldridge, and they had to depend upon the 
 ferry-boat for their mail and groceries for several days. A number of emigrant 
 teams were water-bound, and had to board with the families, for a few days, on 
 the east side. Total amount of water-fall, 4.50. 
 
 The third was June 28 and 29, 18G5. At this storm, 3.80 inches of water 
 fell in the two days, and the water in the river came into the third story of the 
 East Monticello Flouring Mills. The wooden bridge on the Military road 
 was only saved by anchoring it to the large cotton wood-trees above on the 
 banks of the stream with ropes and chains. The planks of the second 
 bridge did not escape the flood, but were swept down-stream by the water. 
 The water was high enough to have run into the public cistern on Main street 
 if the reservoir had been built there at that date. Monticello celebrated the 
 4th of July this year, and the committee had selected the bottom land on Kitty 
 Creek, near the river, for the speaker's stand ; but it was changed on account 
 of the water to the vacant lots on the north side of town, Avhere Mrs. Dr. 
 Langwerthy now lives. The orator of the day, Mr. 0. P. Shires, of Dubuque, 
 was obliged, on account of the wash-out in the railroad, to come and return 
 with a livery team. The approaches to the railway bridge north of town were 
 washed away and damaged so that trains could not pass the bridge for several 
 days. 
 
 The fourth was July 4 and 5, 1876. The rain commenced to fall at 9 
 o'clock P. M., and continued to rain for seven hours, although a large share ot 
 three and one half inches of w^ater-fall was landed in about three hours. The 
 water only came up to the junction of First and East Locust streets, near 
 Peterson's residence, but it came with such violence as to wash away the 
 approaches to the railroad bridge over Kitty Creek, just above the falls, and 
 taking out the wagon and foot bridge between the two falls, root and branch, 
 flooding all the stockyards, drowning several head of hogs for Mayor Wales i.nd 
 William Peterson. Both iron bridges over the Maquoketa stood their ground, 
 although they were surrounded by an ocean of water, and were not reached for 
 several days. The wooden bridge at the foot of First street, over the creek 
 near Skelley's, was securely anchored to the heavy stone abutments, and stood 
 the test admirably, although it was several feet under water for hours. The 
 water had been as high in the creek and river during the past twenty years 
 some six or eight times, but not as destructive to roads and bridges as at this 
 overflow. All four of these rain-storms were accompanied by the most terrific 
 thunder and lightning, and more or less wind, and everything trembled before 
 the onward march of the storm. 
 
 The fifth flood Avas July 9, 1879. The rain began to fall a few minutes 
 before midnight, previous to the morning of the 9th. A huge bank of clouds, 
 accompanied with thunder and lightning, was piled up in the northwest, and 
 the wind blowing a gentle breeze from the southwest for hours previous to the 
 commencement of the rain; in fact, the whole of the previous day had shown 
 unmistakable signs of the coming storm ; and Avhen the wind fiercely veered 
 around to the northwest, the storm had fiiirly commenced — one huge storm- 
 cloud passing over, only to be closely followed by another, fully charged with 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 409 
 
 electricity and saturated with rain ; and when it ceased raining at 10 A. M.» 
 fully 5.60 inches had been caught in the rain-gauge, making 1.10 inches more 
 than have ever been measured before at one storm during the past thirty years. 
 The water in the Maquoketa River and Kitty Creek overflowed the banks, and 
 reached the highest water mark about noon of the same day. The water cov- 
 ered the lower creek bridge, both slaughter-houses and stockyards, and stood 
 in the street opposite Mr. Peterson's stable. The water in the river came 
 nearly up to Mr. Grassmeyer's lot at the foot of Main street, and was a little 
 higher than the flood of 1876, but the water in the creek fell short of the mark 
 for the same storm. But little damage was done to the roads and bridges in 
 the township. The railroads were only slightly damaged, and were all in run- 
 ning order on the following day. No damage was done in town, beyond the fill- 
 ing of several cellars Avith water, and washing away the stockyards fences. 
 
 A hail-storm took place in 1863. The flood of hail on the afternoon of 
 July 30 will be long remembered by the citizens of Monticello. For a 
 week previous, the weather had been extremely warm and sultry, and the 
 whole day had shown unmistakable indications of rain. About 4 o'clock P. M., 
 a shower of rain struck the town, with a heavy wind from the west, and was 
 followed in a few moments by a battering shower of hail. After destroying 
 all the glass on the west side of the buildings, the wind veered around to the 
 east, destroying also all glass in the north and east sides of most of the build- 
 ings in Monticello. The marks of the falling hail on the fencee, buildings and 
 trees were plainly visible for several years afterward. When the storm passed 
 over town, it was about two miles wide, and extended from East Monticello to 
 Stony Creek, near the south line of the township, and all crops and shrubbery 
 embraced within its limits were battered off" close to the ground. Upward of 
 five hundred lights of glass were smashed, and most of the families had to wait 
 until Mr. Hickok sent to Dubuque for a new stock of glass. The writer lost 
 100 lights of glass from his dwelling-house, and there was not an inch square of 
 dry floor in the building. The family had to seek shelter and safety for the 
 time being in the cellar. 
 
 A thunder-storm occurred August 28, 1879. It was the most terrific storm 
 of the kind experienced at Monticello during the last decade. It commenced 
 a few minutes before midnight, and lasted for five hours, and during- the whole 
 of this time there was an incessant roar of the heaviest of thunder, one peal fol- 
 lowing another in such rapid succession that there was one continual crash of 
 thunder, and the lightning was one continual flash of electric light. The whole 
 town was illuminated brighter than the noonday sun. At the close of the 
 storm three inches of water was measured in the rain-gauge. With one excep- 
 tion, this is the greatest rain-fall known in years. No very serious damage 
 was done, neither by the electricity nor the water, in Monticello. A large 
 shade-tree in front of H. II. Monroe's residence on North Cedar street was 
 struck by the lightning ; also Frank Whittemore's dwelling near by, and sev- 
 eral telegraph poles in the south part of town and a dozen north of town. The 
 telegraph office, in the Union Depot, was more or less damaged. Mr. Dicker- 
 son's house, two miles east of town, was struck and slightly damaged. The steeple 
 of the Springer Memorial Church, Mr. Dirk's barn and C. E. Marvin's Cres- 
 cent Creamery were struck and slightly damaged. Mr. Curtis Stone lost a 
 stack of hay, ju?t east of town. Mr. T. H. Bowen lost a large "barn and con- 
 tents, at Sand Springs, and a cow belonging to Mr. Lawrence, of Wayne Town- 
 ship, four miles south of Monticello, was killed. The water burst Mr. Suhr's 
 cistern in his new block on First street, and flooded his cellar. The water washed 
 
410 
 
 HISTORY OF .TONES COUNTY. 
 
 out the newly packed-in dirt from the water- works trenches, filled up all the cis- 
 terns and not a few wells in town. 
 
 MONTHLY AND ANNUAL QUANTITY OF RAIN AND SNOW REDUCED TO WATER IN 
 
 INCHES. 
 
 TEARS. 
 
 cS 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 .50 
 2.71 
 
 .91 
 1.16 
 1.37 
 1.31 
 l.'iS 
 1.16 
 1.25 
 2.85 
 2.48 
 
 .29 
 3.77 
 1.25 
 
 .30 
 1 71 
 
 1 35 
 2.70 
 
 .90 
 
 2 50 
 3.27 
 1.61 
 2.29 
 2.10 
 
 .48 
 .51 
 
 a 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 March. 
 
 a. 
 < 
 
 & 
 S 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 bo 
 
 s 
 
 ■< 
 
 § 
 
 o. 
 
 October. 
 
 . 
 
 •a 
 
 a 
 1 
 
 u 
 .a 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1854 
 
 1.90 
 1.87 
 3.97 
 4.22 
 2.32 
 1.29 
 1.16 
 2.74 
 1.65 
 2.37 
 1.56 
 2.28 
 1.02 
 3.46 
 
 .55 
 1.13 
 1.31 
 3.65 
 
 .92 
 2.52 
 2.50 
 1.58 
 1.88 
 
 .32 
 1.35 
 1.21 
 
 1.35 
 2.92 
 
 .77 
 1.40 
 2.31 
 4.96 
 1.23 
 2.65 
 4.71 
 1.97 
 2.18 
 3.50 
 1.32 
 1.35 
 4.02 
 
 • 07 
 3-00 
 4.11 
 2-62 
 2-68 
 1.76 
 
 .70 
 4.03 
 6.54 
 2.94 
 1.71 
 
 1.84 
 3.60 
 2.86 
 3.79 
 2.16 
 2.71 
 2.08 
 4.16 
 5.78 
 .63 
 1.14 
 5.44 
 2.67 
 1.25 
 2.78 
 1.90 
 1.05 
 1.66 
 2.63 
 2.97 
 1.78 
 2.72 
 2.83 
 3.40 
 2.79 
 1.08 
 
 5.81 
 3.15 
 4.15 
 
 2 18 
 7.97 
 6.62 
 2.11 
 2.15 
 4.15 
 3.27 
 2.42 
 
 .84 
 3.16 
 4.67 
 4.59 
 5.55 
 4.11 
 1.29 
 
 3 47 
 4.07 
 
 .76 
 3.08 
 4.75 
 3.70 
 5.96 
 3.49 
 
 .87 
 4.59 
 2.76 
 
 .74 
 6.63 
 4.92 
 4.21 
 1.25 
 6.26 
 1.18 
 2.57 
 9.02 
 4.00 
 6.32 
 3.75 
 6.05 
 1.60 
 3.18 
 4.79 
 4.45 
 3.16 
 4.32 
 7.00 
 8.74 
 5.02 
 5.30 
 
 2.07 
 3.42 
 2.97 
 3.97 
 7.16 
 3.10 
 4.72 
 1.85 
 4.35 
 1.15 
 3.29 
 4.35 
 5.63 
 4.30 
 2.90 
 8.31 
 5.25 
 1.24 
 3.63 
 1.76 
 .60 
 5.34 
 10.45 
 2.23 
 2.16 
 8.66 
 
 3.10 
 4.75 
 1.17 
 4.82 
 4.18 
 1.66 
 2.98 
 3.95 
 6.98 
 3.98 
 2.37 
 2.78 
 8.20 
 8.37 
 1.70 
 6.41 
 3.65 
 2.81 
 7.05 
 1.32 
 1.81 
 2.37 
 5.74 
 6.75 
 3.07 
 6.94 
 
 1.42 
 2.15 
 2.67 
 1.07 
 6.21 
 1.73 
 3.14 
 6.79 
 6.85 
 2.10 
 1.17 
 5.62 
 3.73 
 2.18 
 6.72 
 2.75 
 3.95 
 
 "4.12 
 .81 
 6.26 
 2.95 
 8.62 
 1.47 
 6.30 
 3.63 
 
 3.75 
 3.91 
 4.97 
 1.18 
 5.07 
 1.07 
 1.25 
 5.77 
 3.08 
 5.35 
 2.55 
 2.80 
 3.21 
 1.15 
 
 .65 
 1.35 
 1.55 
 3.11 
 
 .43 
 3.03 
 1-18 
 1.31 
 1.24 
 6.21 
 3.82 
 
 .S3 
 
 .83 
 3.21 
 4.21 
 2.84 
 4.42 
 1.47 
 2.83 
 2.25 
 3.72 
 5.12 
 2.57 
 
 .12 
 1.45 
 
 .90 
 2.05 
 2.65 
 1.61 
 4.05 
 1.38 
 2.78 
 3.45 
 
 .63 
 2.64 
 3.84 
 
 .66 
 5.29 
 
 .72 
 3.79 
 6.99 
 2.65 
 2.27 
 1.47 
 5.96 
 2.36 
 1.27 
 6.05 
 1.83 
 1.00 
 2.15 
 
 .65 
 1-58 
 2.25 
 1.54 
 3-32 
 
 •93 
 2-83 
 3-22 
 2-95 
 
 .77 
 2.67 
 1.14 
 
 24.16 
 
 1855 
 
 40.07 
 
 1856 
 
 1857 
 
 38.40 
 30.02 
 
 1858 
 
 52.07 
 
 1859 
 
 32. 3! • 
 
 I860 
 
 32.90 
 
 1861 
 
 37.08 
 
 1862 
 
 50.05 
 
 1863 
 
 36.02 
 
 1864 
 
 25.83 
 
 1865 
 
 38.04 
 
 1866 
 
 40.31 
 
 1867 
 
 30.85 
 
 1868 
 
 30.78 
 
 1869 
 
 40.13 
 
 1870 
 
 29.97 
 
 1871 
 
 31.12 
 
 1872 
 
 32.87 
 
 1873 
 
 31.72 
 
 1874 
 
 29.75 
 
 1875 
 
 29.56 
 
 1876 
 
 52.30 
 
 1877 
 
 47.97 
 
 1878 
 
 35.69 
 
 1879 
 
 
 The following table shows the monthly value of rain and melted snow 
 reduced to water in inches and hundredths, number of days with thunder and 
 lightning, foggy and hazy, for the year 1879 : 
 
 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 ?>•§ 
 
 ^ 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 
 
 >> 
 
 
 >. 
 
 >> 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 
 4; tb 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 1879. 
 
 
 •s 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 ■3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 t. >» 
 
 
 
 
 » a 
 
 
 » S 
 
 =- ^2 
 
 
 
 
 
 .o.S 
 
 
 ■^ 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 J M 
 
 
 
 
 l« 
 
 
 
 3| 
 30Q 
 
 ^•s5 
 
 §S 
 
 §« 
 
 
 « 
 
 !?; 
 
 m 
 
 a 
 
 ;z5 
 
 iZ! 
 
 ^ 
 
 •January 
 
 .51 
 
 
 
 4.40 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 February 
 
 1.21 
 
 2 
 
 6.50 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 March 
 
 1.71 
 
 6 
 
 6.25 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 April 
 
 1.08 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 Mar 
 
 3.49 
 5.30 
 8.66 
 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 ilune 
 
 1 
 
 July 
 
 
 
 August 
 
 6.94 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 September 
 
 3.68 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 October 
 
 .93 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 November 
 
 5.29 
 
 7 
 
 1.00 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 December 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Annual j 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
^^^x. 
 
 ^^'Zy-^z-^^^c^ 
 
HISTOKV OF .lONES COUX I'Y. 
 
 413 
 
 00 x 00 fx 00 00 X cc X' 'X X : 
 
 J a. oc X -r X X X : 
 
 
 ; -4 X 00 X c 
 
 00 O O O 00 'X O : 
 
 -ICJ-it-^CCOS — ^In^CC 
 
 :_Ci cc ►f-j^c: X ~4 X -^cocn 
 
 II' "< 1 I "i I j 
 . ^ I— ' ic LC ic ro tc CO to 
 
 ) X CC X "^ X O O tC' tC LO ►f" 
 
 g^ I iMaximum. 
 
 oc H-* I Minimum. 
 
 '?^r?rF!^r*'^r?:^-.^:^pp?pr'^^^ I Mean. 
 
 ; I— I to »;i» ic X cc — ' X cc H-i -J rfi. c: to en —' tc Ci I 
 
 
 Maximum. 
 
 1 
 
 c -J w oi K — -S S ic c a: = 5 fe ;^ v; y: -"i c it r; uc i J K ^ 
 
 Minimum. 
 
 Ui 05 M K) K) -■ IC tc IC li tc IC -■ li — — l-O li IC CO tC ' K. 
 
 to *■ to o> -J b5 _o _-• _;.c _-■' *- iC _cc u r. *- *- -^ »- ^ 1-- c; CO oc w 00 
 o 00 li bi io 4^ I-i b ii i.-" oc ^ '— to ^ b- in cj> 
 
 Mean. 
 
 -J -3 c;i In ^4 OS oi wT — c-i r; -4 4^ oi c: c;! oi oi ci -J c; -J c: C7I wi ci 
 
 Maximum. 
 
 
 o< -J to -J o tc *- C5 C-. cc c: c 1^0 = oc i>i lo -J -J c c =: c: lo o o 
 
 Minimum. 
 
 CO rf:* lO !:« to Cw lo ic ;^ lo to *^ to K. to IO o; cc cc ►*. *. iO CC lO OD ^ 
 
 Mean. 
 
 boo-.rf^-i;=-4tO-t;tO:=0-4-'10lO ^ 
 
 
 ' i^ CO 
 
 I ;^ rf^ CO 
 
 Maximum. 
 
 cc « i; X iTI ; 
 to to t^ 00 to 
 
 ' '-; 'i |r [r ^ ty '-' >•» '- K~ '.- — — |i. r* K -■ "^ Minimum. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 ootoc: = d;i*-c!-iio5o:ooooi--c^-,j:ocificoo-j5i5tc 
 
 Maximum. 
 
 
 cotocow^ii.coccc:>ccc;irf^*^wcocotococoo:tocoo:tooiwo- 
 -4-Jio-4io>t^to^tooai~io>iocooc3i35i--*»aooi*'cno*- 
 
 Minimum. 
 
 ocno^ociCi;jTC;ia:c:*T — cncnoioicnooTOioscicjidc^TOs 
 tomocDcj-ioccocij^-acoh-iomc-j-jto-atorf^iooowo 
 
 Mean. 
 
 -J OJ r^ !S :;> w *. to --S CO -^ to *. ;o -.i oc CMO ^ — to oi 
 
 cDODCo-j?a^^2:^coooocco-occox ccoc--coocccc;i::ooo 
 OCiCnoOifi^rf^QOtf-to-J-J-^-JC --r5j:c:0-JC:io.^loc^05 
 
 Maximum. 
 
 3 
 
 OO'--t0l0 03^XCi;nCCCCrf^C04^.C^C0-4C;»f^0i;C»-'C^K- 
 
 Minimum. 
 
 C. O C: C2 CV - -J 33 J. -1 35 r; -4 c:: C-. O C5 C: - C-. 3; C= =: -J 33 -] 
 00-4C>:Cin-JO;3:-JlO^:O'— ;C;SOO»*^OTOCOZ:CCOCrfi.GOO 
 !0 '*. if- en ':r U "-4 '35 '4^ LO 35 00 '-J t-" tO C-T Cn 
 
 Mean. 
 
 cd<:ocoo:d:30:d:30co:c^^^o:5j^o:3000:oooo 
 to -J 0: 01 10 c: 33 w *- -• 00 3: to >f- M OI 10 .— — c 10 ^ CO ;i> 
 
 Maximum. 
 
 «H 
 
 o>c:»c;iC5 0iotc;iO'-^oicnoo>C5Cno'rf^on.:ihFkU^O'»f».rf-oj^ 
 
 Minimum. 
 
 _ojr'S^rSli'^5^x;t':^xl:'^'5'ix'x:':^\J^-5^K:^^x I Mini mum, 
 
 *' ' ' " ' "^ ' "^ '' .-' .^" ^ /- .^ ? P F I Mean. 
 
 !£><3)>f>'>^X»^C0t-0: 
 
 - :^ 35 er. w Ci X o c 
 
 o 
 
 !^ 
 
 I— I 
 O 
 
 tr' 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 pi 
 o 
 
 tr^ 
 O 
 Q 
 k! 
 
 =-i 
 O 
 !z! 
 
 w 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
414 
 
 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Time of opening, closing, and number of days 
 closed of the Maquoketa River. 
 
 YEAB8. 
 
 Closed. Open. Years. Q.gg^ 
 
 1850. 
 1851. 
 1852. 
 18.53. 
 1854. 
 1855. 
 1856. 
 1857. 
 1858. 
 1851). 
 1860. 
 1861. 
 1862. 
 1863. 
 1864. 
 1865., 
 1866. 
 1867., 
 1868.. 
 1860., 
 187('.. 
 1871 . 
 1872.. 
 1873.. 
 1874.. 
 1875.. 
 1876.. 
 tl877 
 1878.. 
 1879.. 
 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Nov. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Jan. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 
 5 Mar. 12] 
 25 April 1 
 13Feb. 12 
 27!Mar. 18 
 10 Mar. 8 
 
 Mar. a 
 Mar. 10 
 April 1 
 
 6 Mar. 13 
 6 Mar. 15 
 8, Mar. 19 
 
 12Mar. 3 
 ISlFeb. 18 
 
 IJMar. 3 
 lllFeb. 151 
 81 Feb. 25 
 .30 Feb. 10 
 
 6 {Feb 
 lOlMar 
 24 1 Feb 
 14Feb 
 17 Feb, 
 
 2Feb, 
 
 eljan. 13 
 20; Mar. 7 
 
 1855 
 1856 
 1857 
 1858 
 1859 
 1860 
 1861 
 1862 
 1863 
 1864 
 1865 
 1866 
 1867 
 1868 
 1869 
 1870 
 1871 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 1877 
 1878 
 1879 
 
 97 
 
 98 
 61 
 
 107 
 87 
 85 
 87 
 
 118 
 97 
 99 
 
 100 
 80 
 61 
 92 
 65 
 56 
 41 
 84 
 81 
 62 
 65 
 
 *25 
 
 61 
 
 7 
 
 76 
 
 Earliest and Latest Frost of the season, and 
 days without Frost. 
 
 Tears. 
 
 Date of 
 Last Frost 
 
 Date of 
 First Frost 
 
 No. of Daj'8 
 I Without 
 ' Frost. 
 
 1850 .June 
 
 1851 May 
 
 1852 June 
 
 1853 April 
 
 18.54 May 
 
 1855 June 
 
 1856 May 
 
 1857 May 
 
 1858 May 
 
 1859 June 
 
 1860 May 
 
 1861 May 
 
 1862 June 
 
 1863 Tune 
 
 1864 June 
 
 1865 May 
 
 1866 May 
 
 1867 May 
 
 1868 May 
 
 1869 June 
 
 1870 April 
 
 1871 May 
 
 1872 May 
 
 1873 May 
 
 1874 May 
 
 1875 jMay 
 
 1876 June 
 
 1877 June 
 
 1878 June 
 
 1879 !May 
 
 11 Sept. 
 
 7 Sept. 
 
 5 Sept. 
 
 20 Sept. 
 22 Sept. 
 
 18 Sept. 
 30 Sept. 
 
 21 Sept. 
 21 Aug. 
 
 4 Sept. 
 
 15 Sept. 
 
 16 Sept. 
 
 19 Sept. 
 
 8 Aug. 
 13 Sept. 
 11 Sept. 
 
 17 Sept. 
 
 20 Sept. 
 
 21 Sept. 
 
 6 Sept. 
 29 Oct. 
 10 Sept. 
 
 2 Sept. 
 
 18 Sept. 
 18 Sept. 
 17 Sept. 
 21 Sept. 
 10 Sept. 
 10 Sept. 
 
 6 I Sept. 
 
 29 
 16 
 16 
 10 
 20 
 27 
 20 
 23 
 28 
 2 
 
 12 
 28 
 25 
 25 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 10 
 13 
 26 
 13 
 21 
 27 
 
 8 
 30 
 11 
 27 
 18 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 109 
 
 131 
 
 102 
 
 142 
 
 120 
 
 105 
 
 112 
 
 124 
 
 99 
 
 89 
 
 119 
 
 134 
 
 97 
 
 77 
 
 97 
 
 141 
 
 126 
 
 106 
 
 114 
 
 111 
 
 166 
 
 133 
 
 147 
 
 117 
 
 184 
 
 116 
 
 97 
 
 99 
 
 92 
 
 125 
 
 MONTHLY AND ANNUAL QUANTITIES OF SNOW IN INCHES. 
 
 *01osed December 17 ; open again December 20 ; closed January 10 ; open again January 17 ; closed again Janu- 
 ary 29 ; open again February 13. 
 
 tThi> river did not freezp over the fall of 1877. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 415 
 
 The science of Meteorology, as used for observation, and the description 
 and explanation of the phenomena peculiar to the atmosphei'e of our earth 
 generally, d-ites back twenty-five or thirty years. The Smithsonian Institution 
 at Washington commenced the collection of data, from volunteer observers, as 
 early as 1849. During the past five years the War Department of the United 
 States Government have taken the matter in hand, and are making rapid pro- 
 gress toward foretelling the rise, progress and course of our American storms. 
 
 The following table shows the monthly maximum, minimum and mean 
 temperature, range and temperature of well-water, for the year 1877, to which 
 is added the annual for the past three years : 
 
 .January 
 
 February 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 .Tune 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 Annual, 1877 
 
 Annual, 1876 
 
 Annual. 1875 
 
 Annual, 1874 
 
 For twenty years. 
 
 Maximum. 
 
 Minimum. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 Range. 
 
 Temp, of 
 we)l-waier. 
 
 45 
 
 -20* 
 
 13 
 
 33 
 
 43 
 
 60 
 
 13 
 
 32.8 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 59 
 
 -2 
 
 27.1 
 
 61 
 
 47 
 
 74 
 
 20 
 
 43.4 
 
 54 
 
 48 
 
 86 
 
 32 
 
 59.1 
 
 54 
 
 48 
 
 85 
 
 41 
 
 60 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 93 
 
 55 
 
 73.6 
 
 38 
 
 50 
 
 89 
 
 48 
 
 70.1 
 
 41 
 
 49 
 
 87 
 
 42 
 
 65.1 
 
 45 
 
 49 
 
 82 
 
 24 
 
 49.7 
 
 58 
 
 49 
 
 bl 
 
 5 
 
 32.8 
 
 56 
 
 48- 
 
 64 
 
 17 
 
 39.5 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 93 
 
 -20 
 
 47.6 
 
 113 
 
 47.9 
 
 95 
 
 -18 
 
 46.4 
 
 113 
 
 48.5 
 
 92 
 
 -8 
 
 43.4 
 
 100 
 
 46.4 
 
 96 
 
 -21 
 
 46.8 
 
 117 
 
 45.2 
 
 102 
 
 -36 
 
 45.7 
 
 138 
 
 47.3 
 
 The temperature, as a whole, has been a trifle above normal. It reached 
 as high as 93 degrees above on the 7th of July, against 95 in 1870, and fell as 
 low as 20 degrees below zero on January 23, against 18 degrees below last 
 year, making a mean temperature for the year of 47.6 degrees, .3 degrees- 
 above the normal. The Maquoketa River did not freeze over opposite town, 
 (luring the fall for the first time in twenty-five years. The river opened Feb- 
 ruary 1st, and has remained open for the last eleven months of the year. 
 The last hoar-frost occurred June 10, and the first in the fall on September 18^ 
 making 90 days without frost, against 97 days in 1870. 
 
 The following table shows the mean direction of the wind. The figures show 
 the number of times each month the wind prevailed in each of the eight car- 
 dinal points for the year 1878 : 
 
 .January 3 
 
 February 5 
 
 .March 2 
 
 April 5 
 
 May 
 
 .June 4 
 
 July 4 
 
 August 
 
 September 1 
 
 October 2 
 
 November i 4 
 
 December I 2 
 
 Annual | 32 
 
 3 
 7 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 9 
 4 
 2 
 
 1 
 1 
 42 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 20 
 
 S. E. 
 
 s. 
 
 S. W. 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 56 
 
 41 
 
 47 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 25 
 
 12 
 
 T 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 10 
 
 9 
 14 
 94 
 
 Calm. 
 
 *A dash (-) signifies below zero. 
 
416 
 
 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY 
 
 The following table shows the monthly value of rain and melted snow 
 reduced to water in inches for the year 1877, and the annual value for the past 
 two years: 
 
 Rain in 
 iuches. 
 
 No. rainj 
 days. 
 
 January 
 
 FeVjruary 
 
 March..'. 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 1877 
 
 1876 
 
 1875 
 
 For twenty years. 
 
 10 
 32 
 54 
 40 
 70 
 ,74 
 23 
 ,75 
 ,47 
 ,21 
 ,84 
 ,67 
 .97 
 ,30 
 ,57 
 .16 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 67 
 
 72 
 
 61 
 
 67 
 
 Snow in 
 inches. 
 
 No.dftj's 
 of snow 
 
 17.25 
 
 .50 
 
 26.60 
 
 2. On 
 
 11.62 
 .25 
 58.22 
 38.15 
 44.72 
 38.64 
 
 t) 
 1 
 22 
 23 
 32 
 28 
 
 The total amount of rain-fall and melted snow reduced to water, measures 
 47.97 inches, against 52.30 inches, and was 12.81 inches above the normal — 
 the most precipitation received in any one year for the past twenty-five years, 
 except the years 1858, 1862 and 1876. 
 
 The first snow Avas landed on All Saints' Day, November 1, five days 
 earlier than last year, making 185 days between the last and first snow-storms 
 of the season. The snow for the year amounted to 58.22 inches, the largest 
 share of it was landed in January and March, All the sleighing for the year 
 was enjoyed in those months. It rained on sixty-seven days against seventy- 
 two days in 1876, and snowed on twenty-two days, against twenty-three days 
 in 1876. 
 
 The following table shows the mean direction of the wind. The figures 
 show the number of times each month the wind prevailed in each of the eight 
 cardinal points, together with the annual result for the past four preceding 
 years : 
 
 January 
 
 February 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 Annual, 1877. 
 Annual, 1876. 
 Annual, 1875. 
 Annual, 1874. 
 Annual, 1873. 
 
 15 
 5 
 40 
 37 
 43 
 
 N. E. 
 
 E. 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 54 
 
 5 
 
 21 
 
 1 
 
 15 
 
 23 
 
 12 
 
 30 
 
 16 
 
 36 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 82 
 66 
 82 
 93 
 68 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 
 32 
 
 43 
 
 41 
 
 S. W. 
 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 (» 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 80 
 
 114 
 
 38 
 
 36 
 
 33 
 
 w. 
 
 N. W. 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 2 , 
 
 
 3 ' 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 (■) 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 (i 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 15 
 
 77 
 
 9 
 
 122 
 
 44 
 
 85 
 
 43 
 
 67 
 
 27 
 
 78 
 
 Calm 
 
 8 
 
 23 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
FUSTORY OF .JONES COUNTY 
 
 417 
 
 Southeast lias been the prevailing wind — it coining from that direction for 
 eighty-two days during the year. It has thundered or lightened on sixty-three 
 days, against fifty-five days in 1876. It was foggy on sixty-three days 
 against twenty-eight days in 187H, and was hazy on eighteen days, against 
 twelve days in 1876. 
 
 The following table shows the mean degrees of temperature for each year 
 since 185-t. The month of December, 1853, is added to January and Feb- 
 ruary, 1854, to make the mean temperature for the winter of 1854. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Winter 
 
 Months. 
 
 Spring 
 Monttis. 
 
 Summer 
 Months. 
 
 Fall 
 Months. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Winter 
 Months. 
 
 Spring 
 Months. 
 
 Summer 
 Months. 
 
 Fall 
 Months. 
 
 1854 
 
 24 
 
 33.6 
 
 16 
 
 16 5 
 
 30.9 
 
 16.3 
 
 13.3 
 
 15.7 
 
 15.1 
 
 22.3 
 
 15.5 
 
 19.1 
 
 15.8 
 
 51.3 
 
 46 6 
 
 45.3 
 
 41. 3« 
 
 50.0 
 
 51. 9t 
 
 48.8 
 
 46.4+ 
 
 46.4+ 
 
 46.2 
 
 46.8 
 
 44.8 
 
 48.7 
 
 73 
 
 70.3 
 
 78 
 
 70.3 
 
 69.6 
 
 66.8 
 
 67.2 
 
 70.9 
 
 69.8 
 
 63.8* 
 
 71.8 
 
 68.3 
 
 69.9 
 
 54.6t 
 
 47.6 
 
 46 
 
 48.6 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 51.4 
 
 48.7 
 
 49.3 
 
 89.9* 
 
 44.1 
 
 54.2 
 
 47.711 
 
 1867 
 
 23.3 
 
 18.4 
 
 20.6 
 
 21.7 
 
 22.6 
 
 17.5 
 
 14 
 
 21.8 
 
 10.8* 
 
 27.5 
 
 19.2f 
 
 3:^.4 
 
 18.7 
 
 41.4 
 49.2 
 44.1 
 50.1 
 51.0 
 44.2 
 44.8 
 44.4 
 45.9 
 46.0 
 43.2 
 51.8 
 50.9 
 
 71.8 
 
 72.6 
 
 70.2+ 
 
 73.6t 
 
 70.1 
 
 69.9 
 
 73. 6t 
 
 71.3 
 
 67.9 
 
 72 
 
 66.9 
 
 71.8 
 
 72.5 
 
 50./7 
 
 1855 
 
 1868 
 
 45.7 
 
 1856 ., 
 
 1869 
 
 44.5 
 
 1857 
 
 1870 
 
 52.5 
 
 1858 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 48.1 
 
 1859 
 
 45.4 
 
 1860 
 
 1873 
 
 42.2 
 
 1861 
 
 1874 
 
 49 9 
 
 1862 
 
 1875 
 
 46 
 
 1863 
 
 1876 
 
 46.3 
 
 1864 
 
 1877 
 
 52.5 
 
 1865 
 
 1878 
 
 49.9 
 
 1866 
 
 1879 
 
 51.1 
 
 
 
 Below we give the amount of snow and rain, including melted snow, and 
 the number of rainy and snowy days during the winter 1876-77. The first 
 snow was landed November 6, 1876, and the last was recorded April 29, 1877, 
 making 174 days between the first and the last snow-storms : 
 
 Rainy 
 Days. 
 
 Snowy 
 Days. 
 
 November. 
 December, 
 .fauuary... 
 February.. 
 
 Vlarcli 
 
 April 
 
 1876 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 1877 
 1877 
 1877 
 
 Total. 
 
 1875-6 
 1874-5 
 
 2 64 
 
 .77 
 2.10 
 
 .32 
 H.54 
 3.40 
 
 15.77 
 15.98 
 12.58 
 
 7.25 
 8.08 
 
 17.25 
 .50 
 
 26.60 
 2 00 
 
 13 
 32 
 11 
 
 61.68 
 29.53 
 49.05 
 
 28 
 17 
 36 
 
 While we measured 61.68 inches of snow, and distributed all along through 
 six months, we only had thirty-six days good sleighing, and that in the two 
 months of January and March, viz. : from January 9 to the 29th, and from 
 March 7 to the 22d. In the previous winter we did not have enough snow any 
 one day for good sleighing during the whole six months of snowy weather. 
 
 It would prove a paying investment in the end for the different State and 
 county agricultural societies to offer liberal premiums for the best meteorological 
 records for the preceding year or years. The science is yet in its infancy. It 
 has attracted but little attention until the past twenty or twenty-five years, but 
 just at the present time is receiving a great deal of attention, as it is a very 
 important adjunct to commerce and agriculture. The farmers are not indebted 
 alone to good soil and proper attention for a good crop of farm products on the 
 well-tilled farm, for with the best of attention and care his labor is all for 
 
 * 3Iinnimum. 
 
 f Maximum. 
 
418 
 
 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 naught if the weather during the growing season proves unfavorable for the 
 growing crops. Xow if the weather for the future could be predicted with any 
 degree of certainty and the knowledge properly disseminated among the farming 
 communities, the farmers would be enabled to put in such seed as would be 
 likely to pay the best for such a season as would be anticipated. 
 
 To the farmer, information about storms, and more particularly about rain, 
 is of much greater importance than indications concerning the wind. In hay- 
 ing and harvest time, as well as the time of thrashing or sowing the grain, a 
 knowledge of approaching rain-storms may determine a whole season's crop for 
 good or bad; and information as to severe expected frosts might save farmers, 
 horticulturists, florists, nurserymen and persons engaged in raising garden 
 products, a whole year's labor from destruction. 
 
 Many times, if it could be known to the farmers and mechanics, even 
 twenty-lour hours ahead, what weather might be expected, they could make a 
 great saving in their work on hand and in planning Avork for the future. An 
 agreed-upon storm signal could be attached to all locomotives that left any city 
 or station, after one had been properly displayed in the place of departure, and 
 be continued until it has been lowered by authority from headquarters. In 
 this manner it could be seen by all interested parties living along the line of 
 the railway. 
 
 All of this, and very much more, will eventually be accomplished in the 
 near future by the aid of the telegraph, telephone and the science of meteorol- 
 ogy. By the aid of liberal premiums offered by the several State and county 
 agricultural societies, it will stimulate all persons to a thorough and better 
 knowledge of the science and hasten the day when we all shall have ample 
 time to prepare for all coming storms and consult the morning daily papers for 
 information on the day's anticipation of the coming weather, with that regu- 
 larity and confidence that w^e now do for the foreign and domestic news, and 
 the daily fluctuations in the price of farm products. Now, who will move first 
 in this good work and thoroughly test the matter as to its utility and benefit 
 generally to commerce and agriculture. 
 
 The following table shows the monthly value of rain and melted snow 
 reduced to water, in inches, for the year 1878 : 
 
 Rain in inches. 
 
 January 
 
 Febrinrj... 
 
 MHrch 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 Septeiutier. 
 
 October 
 
 November . 
 December.. 
 Annual 
 
 .48 
 .3.5 
 .94 
 .79 
 .96 
 .02 
 .16 
 .07 
 .30 
 .82 
 .66 
 .14 
 .69 
 
 Ko. rainy 
 days. 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 Snow in 
 inches. 
 
 2.10 
 2.35 
 
 .50 
 
 9.55 
 14.50 
 
 No. days 
 of snow. 
 
 10 
 17 
 
 The total amount of precipitation was 35.69 inches against 47.97 inches in 
 1877, and only .08 inches above the normal. It rained on 76 days, against 67 
 days in 1877, and snowed on 17 days, against 22 days in 1877, and there were 
 onl}' 18 days of sleighing during the year. 
 
HISTOllY OF JONES COUNTY 
 
 419 
 
 The Signal Service of the United States and the Iowa Weather Service 
 have both become fixed institutions of the country, and are both working out 
 wonders, from a meteorological standpoint, for the benefit of the community at 
 large. The former is regularly receiving reports from upward of five hundred 
 different stations and is publishing a daily weather bulletin and record of the 
 weather at 12 o'clock at midnight, and adding an estimate of the weather 
 for the coming day, with an average of ninety per cent of their predictions 
 proving correct. The latter has only eighty-seven different stations in the 
 ninety-nine counties of the State. It has been in successful operation a little 
 over three years, but has been regularly recognized by our State Legislature, 
 they making an appropriation of $2,000, to pay the necessary expense of a 
 central ofiice, and the furnishing of blanks and postage for the different vol- 
 unteer observers. 
 
 The following table shows the monthly maximum, minimum and mean tem- 
 perature, range, and temperature of well-water, for the year 1878 : 
 
 Janu irj 
 
 February... 
 
 MarcL. 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 .June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 Septeuiber. 
 
 Oct'iber 
 
 November.. 
 December.. 
 Annual 
 
 Maximum. 
 
 Minimum. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 Range. 
 
 Temp, of well 
 water. 
 
 45 
 
 -6* 
 
 26.1 
 
 51 
 
 49. 
 
 57 
 
 17 
 
 34.6 
 
 40 
 
 48. 
 
 71 
 
 27 
 
 45.8 
 
 44 
 
 49. 
 
 80 • 
 
 33 
 
 53.2 
 
 47 
 
 49. 
 
 82 
 
 37 
 
 56.6 
 
 45 
 
 49. 
 
 86 
 
 50 
 
 67.4 
 
 36 
 
 50. 
 
 97 
 
 58 
 
 77.2 
 
 39 
 
 51. 
 
 92 
 
 57 
 
 70.9 
 
 35 
 
 50. 
 
 90 
 
 38 
 
 61.2 
 
 52 
 
 50. 
 
 80 
 
 Ti 
 
 49.9 
 
 53 
 
 50. 
 
 63 
 
 21 
 
 38.6 
 
 42 
 
 50. 
 
 44 
 
 -10* 
 
 18.4 
 
 54 
 
 50. 
 
 97 
 
 -10* 
 
 49.9 
 
 107 
 
 49.5 
 
 The temperature for 1878, as a whole, has been above the normal. The 
 highest temperature reached for the year was 97 degrees, July 16, against 
 93 degrees last year. The lowest temperature reached was 10 degrees below 
 zero on December 23, against 20 degrees below zero last year, making a mean 
 temperature for the year of 49.9 degrees, 3.81 degi'ees above the normal. The 
 Maquoketa River was open on January 13, after being frozen over only seven 
 days, and was closed again December 20, after being open for 341 days. The 
 last hoar-frost was June 10, and the first of the season was September 11, 
 making 92 days without frost, against 99 days in 1877. 
 
 TORNADO AT MONTICELLO. 
 
 The people of Monticello will have occasion to date back to Tuesday, Octo- 
 ber 8, 1878, for the next two generations at the least. It was general election 
 day for State, county and township officers, and, just as the town clock in the 
 schoolhouse tower indicated 5:30 in the afternoon, a destructive tornado struck 
 the southwestern portion of the town, and, passing off in a northeasterly direction, 
 totally destroyed ten dwelling-houses, two churches, nine barns and stables and 
 one icehouse, and more or less damaging forty-two other buildings. The day 
 opened with the temperature 55° at 7 A. M., nimbus clouds and a fresh breeze 
 from the south, with a little sprinkling of rain at 10 A. M., and also again at 
 noon. The temperature at noon was 73°, and there were nimbus clouds and a 
 gentle breeze from the east. The temperature remained at 73° up to and 
 
 * K dish (-) signifies below zero. 
 
420 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 including the time of the tornado. The wind c:iine from tlie east until the 
 arrival of a stronger current of air from the southwest, when the weather-vane 
 hacked around, via the north, to the southwest. For an hour previous to the 
 arrival of the storm, a huge bank of nimbus clouds was seen piled up in the 
 west and southwest, with occasional vivid flashes of lightning, accompanied 
 with loud peals of thunder; and, when this ocean of nimbus clouds approached 
 from the southwest, a light strip appeared at the horizon, and widened as the 
 storm made headway in its course. The friction of the wind rolled up the 
 underside of the black clouds, and they had very much the appearance of the 
 waves of the ocean coming in from sea before a heavy gale of wind. 
 
 The first damage done was the total destruction of E. R. Murdock's dwell- 
 house, three miles west and one mile south of Monticello, in Castle Grove 
 Township. Then, following a line northeasterly, it destroyed the dwelling- 
 house of Mr. Brunthaver, in this township, and damaging the school building 
 in District No. 3. Then, passing through the south portion of town, crossing 
 Kitty Creek at Skelly's Ford, it totally destroyed James Sloan's dwelling, in 
 Section 23, two miles east of town. Then, crossing the Maquoketa River, it 
 destroyed the German Church in Richland Township, Section 19, four miles 
 northeast of town. The storm was one-fourth of a mile in width, and lasted 
 less than a minute in any one place, and traveled the whole course of eight or 
 ten miles in a few moments. In the center of the track of the storm the ruins 
 w^ere mostly left in a northeasterly direction, but on either side of the center of 
 the track the debris is left at every point of the compass. A little hail and 
 rain fell a few moments before and during the work of the destruction. In all, 
 it measured less than a ({uarter of an inch — not enough to wet through the 
 plastering of the houses that lost the roofs. During the whole of the storm, 
 there was a loud, roaring noise, like the roar of the approaching of a thousand 
 trains of cars, or the noise of the ocean while being lashed by a furious storm. 
 
 The signal service can never give warning of these sudden freaks of the 
 wind, no matter how perfect it may yet become in its other weather prognosti- 
 cations. Their causes are altogether local and altogether unexpected in their 
 appearance. They are copies, in miniature, of the tropical cyclones, and are 
 governed, in their smaller sphere, by the same laws. Experts now describe all 
 storms as rotary, and caused by the meeting of opposing currents of air of dif- 
 ferent temperatures, having a local motion around a constantly advancing 
 center. North of the equator, this motion is almost universally from right to 
 left. In the southern hemisphere the rule is reversed. Ninety per cent of the 
 fifty tornadoes noted in the United States during eighty years have exhibited 
 the same characteristics — a general eastward course, with a greater or less 
 deflection to the north. It follows that a person who sees a tornado approach- 
 ing from the west may escape by running southward, but to run northward is, 
 in all probability, to run into its very vortex. The singular weather, w^ith its 
 thick atmosphere, frequent rains and excess of electric force, is just the Avcather 
 which tempts the elements into frequent freaks of this kind. How all signs 
 may fail, thus receives another illustration ; because the frequency of these 
 violent storms is believed to depend upon, or, rather, to coincide with, the 
 greater or less number of spots on the sun, of which there are fewer this year 
 than usual. 
 
 The northwest has been the prevailing wind, it coming from that direction 
 for 94 days, against 77 days last year. It was clear on 63 days, cloudy on 91 
 days, foggy on 15 days, and hazy on 85 days. It thundered and lightened on 
 52 days. Frost on 138 days during the year. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 421 
 
 Below is given the amount of snow and rain, and the number of rainy and 
 snowy days during the winter of 1877-78, and a comparison with the past 
 three Avinters : 
 
 Kain. R. D. Snow. S. D. 
 
 November, 1877 ^^ 68 5 11.62 6 
 
 December, 1877 2.67 6 .25 1 
 
 Januarv, 1878 !' 48 1 2.10 3 
 
 February, 1878 1.35 1 2.35 3 
 
 Total 8.34 13 16.32 13 
 
 1876-77 15-77 13 61.68 28 
 
 1875-76 15.98 32 29.53 17 
 
 1874-75 12.58 11 49.05 36 
 
 The following table shows the monthly maximum, minimum and mean tem- 
 perature, temperature of well-water, number of days with frost, clear and 
 cloudy^ for each month during the year 1879 : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 «♦- 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 
 (^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 oj 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 
 ?£ 
 
 » 
 
 « 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1879. 
 
 S 
 s 
 S 
 "y. 
 
 s 
 S 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 |i 
 So 
 
 II 
 
 
 S 
 
 -18 
 
 ^ 
 
 H 
 
 ;z; 
 
 2q 
 
 •^ 
 
 .January 
 
 45 
 
 15.7 
 
 50 
 
 31 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 February 
 
 47 
 
 -10 
 
 22 
 
 49 
 
 28 
 
 « 
 
 8 
 
 March 
 
 74 
 
 5 
 
 36 
 
 50 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 April 
 
 84 
 88 
 90 
 93 
 
 22 
 37 
 50 
 61 
 
 53.2 
 62.7 
 (;89 
 76.7 
 
 50 
 50 
 50 
 51 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 
 
 17 
 6 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 a 
 
 .\[ay 
 
 10 
 
 June 
 
 7 
 
 July 
 
 5 
 
 August 
 
 92 
 
 82 
 
 54 
 
 37 
 
 72 
 
 58.8 
 
 50 
 50 
 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 o 
 
 September 
 
 2 
 
 October 
 
 85 
 70 
 
 22 
 12 
 
 58 
 36.7 
 
 50 
 50 
 
 9 
 19 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 November 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 Annual 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The following table shows the mean direction of the wind. The figures 
 show the number of times, each month, the wind prevailed in each of the eight 
 cardinal points for the year 1879 : 
 
 1879. 
 
 . 
 
 ca 
 
 
 tL 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 ■s 
 
 
 
 j= 
 
 .a 
 
 . 
 
 fi 
 
 .a 
 
 ji 
 
 m 
 
 i 
 
 !^ 
 
 
 o 
 IZi 
 
 o 
 
 P4 
 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 3 
 ^ 
 
 3 
 
 •January 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 Ffbrunry 
 
 2 
 
 'I 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 March 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 A pril 
 
 6 
 1 
 3 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 5 
 6 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 10 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 1 
 6 
 5 
 11 
 4 
 
 2 
 8 
 2 
 9 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 2 
 
 1 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 
 Q 
 
 8 
 •2 
 4 
 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 5 
 11 
 
 
 
 May 
 
 
 
 June 
 
 
 
 .lulv 
 
 9 
 
 .AuufUSl 
 
 1 
 
 September 
 
 
 
 October 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 .Annual 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 A dash (-) signifies below zero. 
 
422 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This township is situated in the western part the county, north of Green- 
 field, the southwestern township. There is a good deal of timber in this town- 
 ship, the timber-land occupying nearly two-thirds of the area. The timber is 
 mostly oak, and for quality is not excelled in this portion of the State. Many 
 of the trees of the original forest have been cut down and removed, and their 
 places are now occupied by numberless young and thrifty second-growths. In 
 the northeastern portion, there is some prairie land, and the southwestern 
 third of the township is also prairie. In these portions may be seen some of 
 the finest farms in the county. The Wapsipinicon River enters the township 
 near the northwest corner, crosses somewhat diagonally, and enters Jackson 
 Township, on the east, near the center of the line running north and south. 
 Buffalo Creek enters Fair view from the north, and unites with the Wapsipinicon 
 just west of the site of Anamosa. On these streams are a number of excellent 
 mill-privileges, and a goodly number are occupied by substantial flouring-mills. 
 The whole township is well watered by these streams and their numerous tribu- 
 taries. The village of Fairview 'is situated a little west of the geographical 
 center, and Anamosa, the county seat, four miles northwest of it. The Addi- 
 tional Penitentiary of the State and the State Fish-Hatching Establishment 
 are situated in this township, and in the north and west are the famous stone 
 quarries described elsewhere. As a whole, this township ranks first in import- 
 ance in the county. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENT OF ANAMOSA AND FAIRVIE^V TOWNSHIP. 
 
 From a letter to Mr. Edmund Booth from Gideon H. Ford, of Webster 
 City, Hamilton County, this State, under date of October 4, 1872, we quote the 
 following in regard to the early settlement of Anamosa and Fairview Town- 
 ship: " The first settlement of Buffalo Forks was commenced in April, 1838, 
 by George Russ and Sherebiah Dakin, from the State of Maine. They laid 
 claim to Sees. 2, 3, 4, one-quarter of 9 and one-quarter of 10. There were with 
 them John H. Bartlett, wife and child, also a man named Smith, another named 
 Carpenter and David G. Dumars. These came in the spring of 1838. Three 
 of the above died that season, viz., Russ, Smith and Carpenter. Dakin was 
 a millwright ; worked in Dubuque. Then came George H. Russ, son of George 
 Russ. 
 
 " I arrived at Dubuque on the 22d of October, and fell in Avith S. Dakin. 
 He was going to Buffalo Forks next day, and asked me to go with him. He 
 wished to sell his interest in the claim. So, in company with Timothy Davis, 
 we started for the Forks, arriving next day in a snow-storm, the snow three 
 inches deep. I bought Dakin's interest in the claim for $1,000. Young 
 Russ held his father's share. Young Russ soon got homesick and I bought 
 his share for $500. I then sold two-thirds of the claim to Davis and Walworth 
 for $2,000. This was in January, 1839. We commenced building the mills 
 the next spring. John H. Bartlett, I am told, is now living in Dubuque." 
 
 Mr. Edmund Booth writes: " I arrived at 'the Forks,' as they were famil- 
 iarly termed — meaning Buffalo Forks of the Wapsipinicon, often abbreviated 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 423 
 
 to Wapsie — in August, ] 839. If I remember aright, it was on the 18th of 
 August. I had reached Dubuque from the East some days previously, and 
 made inquiry for George H. Walworth. I was referred to Timothy Davis ; 
 sought and found him in his little lawyer's office on Main street. He informed 
 me he was a partner of Walworth, and that the latter Avas at the ' Buffalo 
 Foi'ks of the VVapsipinicon.' He proposed to let me have a horse which he . 
 wished to send to the Forks, and suggested the next day for starting ; distance, 
 forty miles. He informed me that a new road, known as United States Mili- 
 tary Road, was being laid out to the Forks, and seemed to apprehend no diffi- 
 culty about the way. This Timothy Davis was, some years later, member of 
 the Lower House of Congress for Iowa. He died about a year ago, of paraly- 
 sis (1872). He was a lawyer from Missouri, a man of good intellect, clear 
 head, and at the time, 1839, the best lawyer in Northern Iowa. His nature 
 was ever kindly. 
 
 *' In the course of the evening, after seeing Mr. Davis as above described, 
 he called on me at Tim Fanning's log tavern, the only hotel in Dubuque, and 
 informed me that two men would start next morning for Iowa City, then just 
 laid out as the capital of the Territory of Iowa. They were going to attend 
 the first sale of lots. Next morning we started accordingly. The name of 
 one of the men was Bartlett — whether the Bartlett mentioned by Ford or not, 
 I do not know ; but judge not, as he did not appear to have any knowledge of 
 the road, nor did he mention aught to lead one to suppose he had acquaintance 
 with the locality of the 'Forks.' The name of the other man I have forgot- 
 ten ; but he was a blacksmith of Dubuque. For the journey, I had a large, 
 strong horse, not spirited, but good. The two men were mounted on ponies. 
 They rode at a continual slow trot, the natural pace of a pony. My horse 
 taking longer strides, I allowed them to proceed some distance, and then a trot 
 brought me up to them. And so it was all the way. 
 
 "'As before said, the military road was being laid out. Congress having 
 appropriated $20,000. We found a newly broken furrow along one side of the 
 road, which, by the way, was merely a track through the grass of the prairies, 
 and a mound of turf raised three to four feet high at intervals of a half-mile, 
 more or less. At about noon, we reached the house of a Mr. Hamilton, two 
 miles or so before reaching Cascade. Here we took dinner and fed the 
 horses. There was only a woman — probably Mrs. Hamilton — in the house, 
 and they had a small field in cultivation, no larger than a garden to appear- 
 ance. The man was away. Continuing on, we soon reached Cascade. South 
 of the river (North Fork of the Maquoketa) was a log cabin belonging to Mr. 
 Dulong, an urbane Kentuckian. North of the river was the unfinished frame 
 hotel of Mr. Thomas, and these were all the buildings of the place. Mr. 
 Dulong was an elderly man, apparently forty to fifty years of age. He died 
 some years since. Continuing on, it began to grow dark before we reached the 
 timber of the South Fork of the Maquoketa. 
 
 " Passing through the timber, the new road being pretty good, the light 
 from the chinks of a log cabin at last gave us assurance of human habitation, 
 and a chance for a night's lodging. It proved to be the dwelling of Daniel 
 Varvel, situated on the South Fork of the Maquoketa, and where is now a por- 
 tion of the town of Monticello. On the maps of the place, it is designated as 
 Monticello. Reaching Varvel's, he put the horses in a stable, near by — 
 a log stable, by the way, with a loft above for hay. In the house were some 
 dozen or fifteen men, in the employ of the U. S. Government contractor, and 
 engaged in laying out the Military road. They had come thus far with the work. 
 
424 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Varvel prepared supper. He was at that time wifeless, and no woman in the 
 house. Supper of ham and eggs, corn dodgers and coffee. Breakfast, ditto, 
 the next morning, eaten with a hearty relish after such a long ride. No beds 
 for us with this crowd. After an hour's talk, Varvel took the lantern and led 
 the way to the stable. We mounted the ladder outside, and with our saddle- 
 blankets for covering, slept on the hay (we three) till morning, the horses feed- 
 ing and resting beneath us. And this was my first night in Iowa after leaving 
 Dubuque. A word here about Varvel. He was from Kentucky; married some 
 years after this, our first meeting ; with George H. Walworth, he laid out the 
 town of Monticello, south of the river. v 
 
 •• His children grew up and removed further West. He followed them a 
 few years since, and I do not know now whether he is living or dead. After 
 breakfast, we left Varvel's, as the place was called until Monticello was laid out 
 and named. The road was tolerably well marked by wagons, and at about noon, 
 we passed the first land plowed since leaving Hamilton's, and Hamilton's was 
 the only {lowed land we had seen after leaving Dubuque. This second piece of 
 plowed land, then just broken, consisted of five acres, the claim belonging to 
 David G. Dumars, and the identical ground on which the county fair has been 
 held for some years. Passing by this, and when at about the intersection of 
 what is now Main and High streets, Anamosa, a large-sized man came lazilv 
 along the road toward us. We stopped and made inquiry. He told me to take 
 a road to the right a few rods further on. That man was David G. Dumars. 
 He went on toward his breaking; and, bidding good-bye to my two companions, 
 who were bound for the new capital of the Territory and prospective wealth 
 through the purchase of town lots, I turned into the road to the right. A mile 
 and a half brought me to the log cabin referred to in G. H. Ford's letter, the 
 body which had been built by Russ & Dakin. Here I found G. H. Walworth, 
 who was an old acquaintance, and about fifteen to twenty other persons engaged 
 in building a dam and saw-mill. The day was Sunday, and the people scattered, 
 some reading, some lounging about, some gone to "the Prairie," as the settle- 
 ment south of the timber was called. That settlement then consisted of eighteen 
 log dwellings, and extendeil along the south border of the timber from High- 
 land Grove to A'iola ; of course, these two latter names not being given till 
 years afterward. I have related my journey as above merely to convey some 
 idea of the aspect of the country, buildings, etc., and have named every dwell- 
 ing we saw after leaving the little hamlet of Dubuque. 
 
 " I give here a list of the early settlers of the township ; most of the list 
 was obtained from John G. Joslin, ten years ago : Clement Russell and family 
 arrived in Julv, 1837 : John G. Joslin and family, in August, 1837 ; Ambrose 
 Parsons and family, in May, 1838 ; Benonia Brown and family, in October, 
 1<S88 : Lathrop Olmsted and fimily, in April, 1838; James Parsons, Avith his 
 son Silas, in April, 1838 ; John Leonard and wife arrived in the autumn of 1838; 
 Calvin C. Reed, in 1838 ; Gideon II. Peet, in the spring of 1839 ; Henry Van 
 Buskirk, in the spring' of 1839 ; Samuel Kelly, in 1838 ; Edmund Booth, in 
 August, 1839 ; Henry Booth, in May, 1840 ; Col. David Wood, in June, 1840." 
 
 THE VILLAGE OF FAIRVIKW. 
 
 This small village of about fifty inhabitants, is situated a little west of 
 of the geographical center of the township of Fairview, and four miles south- 
 west of the city of Anamosa. It is situated at the border of the timber-land, 
 on the most delightful portion of the prairie land of Fairview Township. Near 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 425 
 
 this village are found some of the first farms in the county of Jones, and had it 
 been the fortune of its inhabitants to have secured the passage of one of the 
 several lines of railroads that traverse the county, it would doubtless have made 
 one of tlie first towns in this part of the State. The situation is indeed a 
 delightful one. 
 
 At present, there is one small general and a small grocery store. The Post- 
 master is Mr. A. Merrill, and he is also the proprietor of the grocery store. 
 He is an old resident of the place, having resided in the house where he now 
 lives since 1853. There is a two-story frame schoolhouse and two churches. 
 Tlie Baptist Church is the oldest in the county, a history of which is given 
 elsewhere. 
 
 The Methodist Church was built last year and dedicated June 28, 1878. 
 The Pastor is W. F. Dove. The cost of the building was $1,200, and, though 
 the society is small, they have paid all indebtedness and own their church with- 
 out any incumbrance. The Trustees are William Manly, John Reed, Fred- 
 rick Leper, J. B. J. Porter and A. Dawes. The Methodists have had an organ- 
 ization for many years, but no church edifice until last year as stated above. 
 
 The Church of God have an organization, but no church edifice. They con- 
 template building soon. Nathan Blood is their Pastor. 
 
 A CHAPTER OF EARLY HISTORY. 
 
 Previous to June, 1837, no white man had settled in what afterward became 
 the village of Fairview or in the township of that name. i\-t the date named, 
 Clement Russell, wife and four or five children, originally from the State of New 
 York and last from Michigan, reached the place by wagon, in the search for 
 a permanent location combining both prairie and timber land. Here he fixed 
 his abode, and the aspect was renlly one of beauty. The prairie, six miles in 
 width, ran east and west, and the sun apparently rising out of the prairie on 
 the east and setting into the prairie on the west. 
 
 Russell, having lived in Michigan, was already a frontier's man, a farmer 
 by occupation, and, in the course of the first year, had erected his log cabin, 
 some 25x18 feet, and opened up a farm. John G. Joslin, Benonia Brown and 
 and others, with their families, came in the months following the arrival of 
 Russell, and, in 1839, there were along the timber border of the prairie eighteen 
 log dwellings, all, except one or two over the line in Linn County, being in 
 Fairview Township. 
 
 In 1839 or 1840, Lucas being Territorial Governor, a speck of war-cloud 
 arose along the line separating Iowa from Missouri. Word was passed for a 
 meeting of young men, at Russell's house, with a view to enlistments for the 
 deadly fray. Of those who enlisted, eighteen placed themselves in line as vol- 
 unteers. Some were armed with guns, and some, for the fun of the thing, with 
 poles or cornstalks. The war-cloud soon blew over, and Lucas, the testy, rested 
 in peace. 
 
 At that time and subsequently, down to the removal of the county seat to 
 Anamosa (then Lexington), Russell's was the place for public meetings other 
 than religious, and for general elections, except for the last year or two before 
 removal, when, through some agency or other of some person, the election was 
 ordered by the County Commissioners to be held at Eli Brown's new frame barn. 
 This was at the east end of the "settlement," so called,, at that day, and not 
 at all agreeable to the general public ; but it was near the center of the township, 
 and "center" of township or county has been a catchword ever since, without 
 
426 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 regard to center of convenience or population. The scenes at Russell's — the 
 familiar name of the locality — were various, and often amusing. It was the 
 point where all roads met, and the main road — the military — leaving that place, 
 was the one leading to the bridge across the Wapsipinicon. Hence Russell's 
 was the general rendezvous of the settlement. 
 
 For several years, the number of votes polled in the precinct was about 33, 
 and so it continued until 1847, when C. C. Rockwell, the first lawyer in the 
 county, came and set up in his profession at Lexington, and, as Deputy to William 
 Hutton, County Clerk, inserted Lexington in the order for the next general vote 
 of the precinct, to the great disgust of Eli Brown's ham and everybody living 
 near it. The balance of the public wondered somewhat at what they looked upon 
 as a bit of legal impudence^ but as Lexington was not objectionable and was more 
 respectable than a barn, general acquiescence followed. 
 
 Russell's, as already stated, was the point for public meetings. It was also 
 the place for discussions of all kinds, and for brawls as well, when such occurred. 
 The few persons of that day now living can remember bloody faces and 
 black eyes, and most frequently the bloody faces and black eyes Aver.e confined 
 to two or three persons. The quarrels usually grew out of diff"erence of opinions, 
 combined with ivhisky, and the enmities generated were never permanent. In 
 less than a week, all were as friendly as ever, and ready to extend a kindness 
 or a helping hand to each other. 
 
 The nearest store was at Dubuque, over forty miles away. Of the promi- 
 nent men residing here and in the vicinity, John G. Joslin was one of the most 
 intelligent, and most influential and most respected ; Ambrose Parsons was 
 solid, good-hearted and naturally dignified ; Gideon Peet was kindly and pleas- 
 ant ; Benonia Brown was industrious and thrifty, and died at the age of 103 ; 
 Clement Russell was of wiry make, nervous-bilious in temperament, good-hearted 
 at bottom and throughout, and disputative ; John Leonard was of large frame, 
 great physical strength, and indolent, but worked well, and was often employed 
 by his neighbors for that reason. Besides those named above, the settlers, as 
 a whole, were good men and women and orderly. In short, they were good 
 samples of the best people residing in New York and New England. 
 
 In 1841, Russell laid out the village of Fairview. Reuben Bunce and Mr. 
 Gilchrist came soon after with a load of goods, which they were peddling 
 through the territory. They stopped at Russell's, then a general tavern for 
 travelers, and concluded to remain and open a store. The front portion of 
 Russell's log cabin was set off for the purpose. They also purchased a num- 
 ber of lots of the newly laid-out town. Gilchrist soon sold out to Bunce and 
 left. Out of the question of paying for the lots, litigation arose, and th3 Dis- 
 trict Court, for several terms, had it on hand. Lathrop Olmstead, who lived 
 just outside the plat of Fairview, was tall and slender, and, for all the world, 
 reminded one of Washington Irving's Ichabod Crane. He, at Fairview, and 
 Barrett Whittemore, at Bowen's Prairie, were the first two persons who under- 
 took to teach school in this county, and both at about the same time — winter of 
 1840-11. Olmstead started overland for California in 1849 or 1850, and is 
 supposed to have died on the way, as nothing was ever heard of him afterward. 
 The first school he taught was in Marlin Peet's house, which was empty at the 
 time. 
 
 Among the residents of Fairview after 1840 were Edmund Booth and Dr. 
 Sylvester G. Matson. In the vicinity, and extending eastward along the bor- 
 der of the timber, were John G. Joslin, Henry Booth, Benonia Brown, Dr. 
 Clark Joslin, Eli and George H. Brown, and westward were Julius A. Peet, 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 427 
 
 Marlin Peet, James, Silas and Neely Parsons, Gideon Peet (the father of the 
 Peet family in the settlement) and Gideon N. Peet. Next to the last was 
 Ambrose Parsons. Then came Alex. Rhoton and John Crow, John Crow 
 and family came from Virginia. He was a courtly and dignified gentleman, 
 and had the handsomest couple of mastiffs and horses in the settlement. The 
 names given above are only of the heads of families of that time. 
 
 FIRST SCHOOLHOUSE. 
 
 The first schoolhouse built within the township was on the Marion road^ 
 near a mile from the village. It should have been in the village, but unfavor- 
 able feelings against Russell and the town, on the part of outsiders, located it 
 otherwise. It was a log cabin, perhaps 18x20 feet, and served the growing 
 generations for some years. 
 
 THE FIRST POST OFFICE. 
 
 In 18-iO, a weekly horseback mail was placed on the route between 
 Dubuque and Iowa City, via Edinburg, the then county seat, and coming into 
 the military road at Dartmouth, now Anamosa. In 1841, Gideon N. Peet 
 procured the establishment of a post office at his residence, a m.le west of 
 ■ Russell's, and was appointed Po.-tmaster. This was the first post office and 
 Postmaster in the township. The neaiest post offices being *hen at Edinburg, 
 James Hutton, Postmaster; Big Woods, Mr. Grauel, Postmaster; Rome (now 
 Olin), Norman B. Seely, Postmaster ; Springville, Col. Butler, Postmastei', 
 and Monticello, William Clark, Postmaster. Mr. Peet conducted his post office 
 well, but the business was light, for the people were few, and the rates of letter 
 postage were burdensome. Money was a scarce article, the country not 
 having recovered from the effects of the crash of 1837, and the Govern- 
 ment accepting nothing at the land offices or post offices except gold and 
 silver. The money mostly current was "red-dog," "wildcat," and "stump- 
 tail," that is, the money of State banks, and no man receiving it one day 
 could tell what it would be worth on the next. In such a condition of 
 things, and every man hoarding to pay the Government for his land, the 
 amount of mail sent and received was small. After some months, Mr. Peet 
 wished to rid himself of the care of the office. Russell desired the position, 
 as he said, "so that he could read all the papers," and the expression may 
 have been one of his many jests. In some way, and through his personal 
 friend, Senator A. C. Dodge, at Washington, his wish was gratified. Months 
 passed. The mail came weekly at about the noon hour. Almost daily, Rus- 
 sell might be seen stepping to his door after dinner, and, with vexation 
 depicted on his face, looking up the road leading into the timber and to the 
 Wapsipinicon bridge. Waiting for the mail kept him from his farm work, and 
 finally he declared the post office was "nothing but a plague," and sent in to 
 Washington his resignation in favor of A. B. Dumont. 
 
 Dumont was a carpenter, one of the two sons of J. B. Dumont, then 
 recently arrived from the State of New York, and settled in Fairview. The 
 other son was Fred, an invalid at the time, and now one of the substantial 
 farmers near Fairview. The new Postmaster, Mr. Dumont, had a job at 
 Marion, Linn Co., and placed the office in charge of Edmund Booth, his 
 next-door neighbor, for a few weeks. The time ran into six months, and, still 
 having work at Marion, Dumont concluded to resign. Dr. Sylvester G. 
 
428 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Matson, then living on the military road just south of Reed's Creek, desired it. 
 and Mr, Dumont resigned in his favor, Mr, Booth remarks that during the 
 six months the post office was in his care, the sum total of his compensation, 
 that is, Postmaster's percentage on receipts, was just $6, Dr. Matson held 
 the position some months, and, like his predecessors, found the glory small and 
 the pay still smaller. He, too, threw up the affair, and another man succeeded 
 him. The name of the office all this time was Pamaho, suggested by Mr. Peet 
 in his petition to the Department in 1841, Mr. Peet stating it was the name 
 of an Indian chief in Wisconsin. It was while Dr. Matson was thus Post- 
 master at Fairview that a post office was established at Lexington (Anamosa). 
 Pratt R, Skinner was appointed Postmaster. He was a well-educated, intelli- 
 gent and enterprising man, brother of Dr. William M. Skinner, now one of 
 the leading druggists in Anamosa, and is now living in Oregon. 
 
 Anamosa has had sucesssive Postmasters: Pratt R, Skinner, C. L. D. 
 Crockwell, Samuel Cunningham, Alex Shaffer, J. H. Show, Amos H. Pcaslee. 
 of Fisher, now Gillen House— Dr. N. G. Sales. H. C. Metcalf, Richard 
 McDaniels and H. Hollenbeck. During the administrations of Pierce and 
 Buchanan, a period of eight years, no less than seven different Postmasters were 
 appointed in succession for her accommodation. 
 
 It was during this that the old site — down-town — of Anamosa, was being 
 gradually deserted by the business men for up-town. The building of the Fisher 
 House and the general building of residences on the higher ground, had started 
 the movement. Some hard feeling among the down-towners grew out of this, 
 and the post office was removed alternately, up and down town, with the advent 
 of each new Postmaster, until Peaslee's appointment, after which its stay up 
 town became permanent. When Shaffer was appointed, he said in view of these 
 alternate removals, that he would get a wheelbarrow. Meeting Mr. Booth, he 
 remarked : " Up-town has come down town," to which the latter replied, " ' Up- 
 town ' will turn ' down-town ' upside down." These are quoted as showing 
 some of the humors of the time. 
 
 Since 1869, Charles W. Coe has held the position of Postmaster, a period 
 of ten years, and to the satisfaction of the public. 
 
 The Court House too, was, for a time, a bone of contention between up and 
 and down town. 
 
 The facts above recorded were obtained from old settlers, and from those 
 whom the writer has reason to believe to be wholly reliable. 
 
 ANAMOSA, 
 
 The name of the present county seat of Jones was suggested by Edmund 
 Booth, The incident that led to the selection of the name Anamosa is related 
 elsewhere, as is also the history of its early settlement. The place was first 
 named Dartmouth, then Lexington, and afterward Anamosa. The site of Ana- 
 mosa is quite romantic and beautiful, the scenery in the vicinity adding much 
 to the attractiveness of the city, which sits upon a delightful portion of the 
 unduhiting timber-land situated at the junction of the Buffilo Creek with the 
 Wapsipinicon River, The situation possesses the natural advantages necessary 
 to the permanence and prosperity of a town. The abundant water-power 
 afforded by the Buffalo and Wapsipinicon has been somewhat utilized, although 
 the interests of the citizens of Anamosa demand a much more liberal use of 
 these inanimate and tireless forces. The quarries of most excellent building 
 
^J" 
 
 J^^^l<m.^ ey/^, (^^t^O^ 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 431 
 
 Stone, in the neighborhood, constitute a never-failing source of cheap and ever- 
 lasting material for building purposes. 
 
 The name and plat of the town as Dartmouth were lost because no record 
 was made. The town as Lexington was laid out in the year 1846, by R. J. 
 Cleaveland, of Olin, now dead. He was a graduate of Harvard, intelligent, 
 chivalrous, kind and noble hearted ; was a genuine patriot, joined the Ninth 
 Iowa Volunteers in the war of the rebellion, was sixty or nearly that old, at the time, 
 but Col. Wm. Vandever, of Dubuque, was a personal friend of his, and, in con- 
 sequence of this fact, he was mustered into the service, notwithstanding his age. 
 During the war, he acred as army correspondent, and signed himself" Leonidas." 
 He died a year or more ago, at the age of seventy-two. The name Lexington 
 was changed for Anamosa, and that portion of the city now called " down- 
 town " by some, by others, " Dublin," corresponds to the original town of Lex- 
 ington, or Anamosa. To the original town there have been made the following 
 additions and subdivisions: 
 
 1 — Crockwell's Addition in the year 1848. 
 2 — Crockwell's Out-Lots in the year 1847. 
 3 — Ford's Addition in the year 1848. 
 4 — Walworth's Addition in the year 1849. 
 5 — Walworth's Out-Lots in the year 1849. 
 6 — Fisher's East Anamosa in the year 1850. 
 7 — Fisher's Addition in the year 1865. 
 8 — Webster's Out-Lots in the year 1854. 
 9 — Haddock's Out-Lots, 27. East Anamosa. 
 
 10 — Keller's Subdivision of Lot 1, Fisher's Addition. 
 
 11 — Warren's Subdivision of part of Walworth's Addition. 
 
 12 — Shaw's Subdivision of Lot 1, Section 11, Town 84, Range 4. 
 
 13— Soper & Boardman's Subdivision of Lots 25, 26,28, 29, Fisher's East 
 Anamosa. 
 
 14 — Kimball's Subdivision of 5, 6 and part of 7, Webster's Out-Lots. 
 
 15 — Peters' Subdivision of the west half of Lot 4 of Fisher's Addition. 
 
 16 — Gibb's Addition. 
 
 17 — Skinner's Addition. 
 
 18 — Boardman's Subdidsion of Lots 2 and 3 of Webster's Out-Lots. 
 
 19 — Peters' Subdivision of Lot 30, and west half of Lot 31 of Walworth's 
 Addition. 
 
 20 — Huber's Subdivision. 
 
 21 — Shaw's Subdivision of the east half of Lot 4 of Fisher's Addition, and 
 part of the northeast quarter of the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter 
 of Section 2, Town 84, Range 4. 
 
 22 — Hick's Addition. 
 
 23 — Shaw's Subdivision of Lot 25 of Fisher's East Anamosa. 
 
 24 — Sales' Subdivision of Out-Lot 1 of Wahvorth's Addition. 
 
 25 — Boardman & Soper's Subdivision of Lots 6, 7 and 10 of Anamosa. 
 
 26 — Booth's Subdivision of Lot 2 of Fisher's Addition. 
 
 27 — Crane's Subdivision of part of Walworth's Addition. 
 
 28 — Osborne's Subdivision of part of Walworth's Addition. 
 
 29 — Fisher's Subdivision of part of Walworth's Addition. 
 
 30 — Subdivision A of Skinner's Addition. 
 
 31 — Shaw's Subdivision of Lot 26 of Fisher's East Anamosa. 
 
 32 — Shaw's Subd'n of part of Lot 4, and the northeast quarter of the north- 
 east quarter of Sees. 10, Town 84, Range 4, west of the Fifth Principal Meridian. 
 
 G 
 
432 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTV. 
 
 The first hotel-keeper was G. H. Ford, who was also the first hlacksmith. 
 The house he kept as a hotel was built by E. Booth and sold to Ford. 
 
 The second hotel-keeper was C. L. D. Crockwell. He built the " Waverly 
 House " for a hotel, and it continues to be kept as such at the present. 
 
 Mahan and John Crockwell kept the first store, which was a small affair, and 
 the principal commodity kept for sale is said to have been poor whisky. 
 
 The second mercantile firm was that of Skinner &; Clark in 1847. Messrs. 
 Gillett & Osborne opened out as dealers in general merchandise about the 
 same time. 
 
 Dr. Clark Joslin was the first physician, and is still in practice as such in 
 company with his son, J. M. D. Joslin. 
 
 Dr. Joslin and Crockwell established the first drug store. Crockwell, it is 
 said, after a time went to Utah and became a Mormon. 
 
 About 1848 or 1840, J. H. Fisher opened a store at the mill on the Buf- 
 falo, and after a time, moved his stock to the town and continued the business. 
 
 Messrs. Cary & Show were among the early mercantile men of Anamosa 
 and kept jewelry, boots aftd shoes, etc., for sale. Show emigrated to Missouri 
 and be:;ame a Judge on the Supreme Bench of the State. Cary moved to 
 Utah, and is in the real-estate business at Ogden. 
 
 '-"^he first tailor was William Sterling, in 1848. He was afterward County 
 Recorder an' also Treasurer of the county. 
 
 The first lawyer was Rockwell, in 1847. In 1840, he was Chief Clerk of 
 the State Senate. 
 
 The first child born was Maria Ford, daughter of Gideon H. and Hannah 
 Ford. This child grew up and married Israel Fisher, and they now live at 
 Webster City in this State. 
 
 The city now numbers (1879) upwards of two thousand inhabitants, mostly 
 Americans. The census of 1875 showed a population of 1,598. The census 
 was taken by the Township Assessors, and, it is thought by some, was not very 
 carefully made. 
 
 Anamosa was incorporated as a village in 1856, and as a city in 1872. 
 Col. W. T. Shaw was the first Mayor. 
 
 At this date, Anamosa contains a number of elegant private residences, 
 many handsome cottages, and a very fine display of good and substantial busi- 
 ness houses. With a magnificent system of water-works and three well-organ- 
 ized fire companies, the city is well protected from the rava.ges of fire. There 
 are six churches, two newspapers, two graded schools (includinir Strawberry 
 Hill, which is so related to the city as to properly belong with itj, two private 
 schools, one bookstore, two news depots, two libraries, two banks, seven dry- 
 goods stores, two clothing stores, three drug stores, three millinery stores, five 
 hardware stores, seven grocery stores, one candy manufactory, four con- 
 fectioneries and restaurants, one cigar manufactory, one cemetery asso- 
 ciation, one marble shop, two undertakers and furniture dealers, one art 
 gallery, one cigar and tobacco store, three shoe-shops, four blacksmith-shops, 
 three harness-shops, three wagon-shops, one machine-shop, three flouring-mills, 
 two grain elevator warehouses, two lumber-yards, three tailor-shops, one plan- 
 ing-mill, one cooper-shop, five hotels, three jewelry stores, two provision stores, 
 one feed and sale stable, two livery stables, two dentists, four architects, one 
 civil engineer, one general insurance office, one express office, two meat markets, 
 three barber-shops, one soap-factory, one water-works company, three fire com- 
 panies, one opera house, eight secret societies, two railroad offices, two ice-houses, 
 one brewery and three saloons. There are tivelve doctors and fifteen lawyers. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTV. 438 
 
 The business houses are compactly built of brick and stone, and present a 
 neat and handsome appearance. The public walks are mostly made of 
 stone, and the principal streets well macadamized. The county has no Court 
 House, but owns good and commodious rooms in the Sliaw Block, where the 
 court-room and county offices are conveniently arranged. The jail is a sub- 
 stantial building for the safe keeping of those unfortunate enough to become 
 its inmates. 
 
 The public school buildings and churches are sufficiently large and com- 
 modious to meet the wants of the people and are neat and handsome structures. 
 
 The Additional Penitentiary is within the city limits, and, when completed, 
 Avill add much to the architectural appearance of the city. The inhabitants 
 are an intelligent and industrious people, and the morale of the city is most 
 excellent. 
 
 CITY OFFICERS. 
 
 Anamosa held its first election as an organized toivn on the first Monday of 
 April, 1856. Mayor, William T. Shaw ; Recorder, C. C. Peet ; Council, G. 
 AY. Keller, Joseph Mann, S. T. Buxton, H. C. Metcalf. 
 
 1857 — Mayor, Robert Dott ; Recorder, Charles D. Perfect ; Councilmen^ 
 H. C. Metcalf, S. £. McDaniels, E. Cutler, Burton Peet. 
 
 1858 — Mayor, A. H. Peaslee ; Recorder, E. Cutler ; Council, E. T. 
 Mellett, W. K! Locke, J. J. Welsh, A. P. Carter. 
 
 1859 — Mayor, George W. Field ; Recorder, C. L. Hayes ; Council, J. J^ 
 Welsh, W. R. Locke, A. P. Carter, J. L. Brown. 
 
 1860 — Mayor, N. G. Sales ; Recorder, 0. Burke ; Council, P. Flannery^ 
 J. J. Dickinson, David Graham, J. L. Brown. 
 
 1861 — Mayor, N. G. Sales ; Recorder, 0. Burke ; Council, William 
 Skeiian, Cornelius Peaslee, Benjamin Chaplin, J. J. Dickinson. 
 
 1862— Mayor, N. G. Sales ; Recorder, J. J. Dickinson ; Council, E. B, 
 Alderman, Benjamin Chaplin, F. S. McKean, J. D. Walworth. 
 
 1863 — Mayor, J. H. Benjamin ; Recorder, Robert Dott ; Council, E, M_ 
 Harvey, B. L. Watson, C. J. Higby, E. M. Littlefield. 
 
 1864 — Mayor, Israel Fisher; Recorder, E. M. Littlefield; Council, A. P. 
 Carter, W. M. Skinner, J. S. Belknap, J. S. Perfect. 
 
 1865 — Mayor, Israel Fisher ; Recorder. E. M. Littlefield ; Council, A. P, 
 Carter, J. S. Belknap, W. M. Skinner, John S. Stacy. 
 
 1866 — Mayor, John S. Stacy ; Recorder, C. T. Lamson ; Council, H. C- 
 Metcalf, J. C. Dietz. H. Lehmkuhl, P. Haines, 
 
 1867— Mayor, J. C. Dietz; Recorder, X. P. Carter; Council, S. G^ 
 Matson, C. W. Hollenbeck, M. H. French, Robert Dott, E. B. Alderman. 
 
 1868 — Mayor, D. McCarn ; Recorder, A. P. Carter; Council, L. Niles, A. 
 Heitchen, B. F. Shaw, H. C. Metcalf, C. W. Hollenbeck. 
 
 1869— Mayor, J. C. Deitz ; Recorder, E. M. Littlefield ; Council, H. C. 
 Metcalf; Thomas Perfect, J. H. Fisher, E. F. Clark, Lyman Niles. 
 
 1870— Mayor, E. Blakeslee ; Recorder, B. F. Shaw ; Council, H. C. Met- 
 calf, J. H. Fisher, B. P. Simmons, A. B. Cox, Lyman Niles. 
 
 1871 — Mayor, Charles Cline ; Recorder, C. M. Failing; Council, B. F. 
 Shaw, W. W. Hollenbeck, D. C. Tice, 0. M. Ellis, W. S. Benton. 
 
 March 5, 1872, Anamosa was organized as a city, with the following: 
 officers: Mayor, Robert Dott; City Clerk, C. M. Failing; Council, A. Heitchen,. 
 A. B; Cox, S. G. Matson, J. L. Brown, 0. Dunning, S. Needham, Frank 
 Fjsher. C. H. Lull. 
 
434 HISTORY OF JONES COUNT V. 
 
 1873— Mayor, Robert Dott ; Clerk, E. M. Littlefield ; Council, A. 
 Heitchen, S. G. Matson. 0. Dunning, Frank Fisher, Milton Rernley, L. 
 Schoonover, J. G. Parsons, A. V. Eaton. 
 
 1874 — Mayor, Robert Dott ; Clerk, L. B. Peck ; Council. Milton Rernley, 
 L. Schoonover, B. P. Simmons, A. V. Eaton, J. T. Rigby, J. S. Belknap, J, 
 B. McQueen, Harmon Dorgeloh. 
 
 1875 — Mayor, Robert Dott; Clerk, L. B. Peck; Council, J. T, Rigby, J. 
 S. Belknap, C. M. Failing, J. B. McQueen, E. B. Alderman, L. Schoonover, 
 George Waters, A. V. Eaton. 
 
 1876 — Mayor, E. Steever (resigned in June and Robert Dott elected to 
 fill vacancy) ; Clerk, L. B. Peck ; Council, E. B. Alderman, L. Schoonover, 
 George Waters, A. V. Eaton, T. Clancy, J. T. Rigby, D. M. Hakes, J. S. 
 Belknap. 
 
 1877— Mayor, A. S. Noble ; Clerk, L. B. Peck ; Council, T. Clancv, J. T. 
 Rigby, D. M."" Hakes, J. S. Belknap, C. L. Niles, D. Chadwick, L. Schoon- 
 over, L. J. Adair. 
 
 1878— Mayor, A. V. Eaton ; Clerk, L. B. Peck ; Council, C. L. Niles, D. 
 Chadwick, L. Schoonover, L. J. Adair. E. J. Wood, H. W. Sigworth, W. A. 
 Cunningham, T. R. Ercanbrack. 
 
 1879— Mayor, A. V. Eaton ; Clerk, C. M. Brown ; Council, H. W. Sig- 
 worth, E. J. Wood, W. A. Cunningham, T. R. Ercanbrack, I. Fisher, M. 
 Heisey, R. L. Duer, J. P. Scroggs. 
 
 ORIGIN OF THE NAME ANAMOSA. 
 
 The name of this city has a somewhat romantic origin, and is derived from 
 a simple incident in its early history. This incident occurred in the house of 
 G. H. Ford about 1842, and is thus related by Edmund Booth, who happened 
 to be present : '■'■ One day three Indians came in. At a glance, it was seen 
 that they were not of the common, skin-dressed, half wild and dirty class. 
 They were a man. woman and daughter, and all wore a look of intelligence 
 quite different from the generally dull aspect of their race. The man and 
 woman were dressed mostly in the costume of white people, with some Indian 
 mixed; but the girl, bright and pleisant-faced, and apparently about eight or 
 ten years old, was wholly in Indian dress. One can form some tolerable idea 
 of her appearance from the carved full-length figures sometimes found in front 
 of tobacco and cigar shops in the cities. These are not always fancy figures, 
 but taken from real life, though such are rarely, if ever, seen among Indians, 
 as they travel from one part of the country to another. The girl was dressed 
 as became the daughter of a chief. She was really a handsome girl. Her 
 dress was entirely Indian, bright as was the expression of her face, tasteful, 
 and yet not gaudy. She wore ornamented leggings and moccasins, and her 
 whole appearance was that of a well-dressed Indian belle. 
 
 " It was evident that these Indians were, as we said, not of the common 
 order, and this fact excited more interest in us and Mr. and Mrs. Ford, no 
 other persons being present, than was usually the case at that day, when the 
 sight of native sons and daughters of the wild frontier was a common occur- 
 rence. The three were entirely free from the dull, wary watchfulness of their 
 kind, and, though somewhat reserved at first, were possessed of an easy dig- 
 nity. They readily became cheerful, and, but for their light red color, would 
 be taken for well-bred white people. T^ey were from Wisconsin and on their 
 way West. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 435 
 
 " We inquired their names. The father's Avas Nasinus. The name of the 
 mother was a longer one and has escaped our memory. The name of the 
 daughter was Anaraosa — pronounced, by the mother, An-a-mo-sah, as is the 
 usual way, and corresponds to the Indian pronunciation of Sar-a-to-gah, the 
 Saratoga of New York. When we asked the mother the name of her daugh- 
 ter, the latter laughed the pleasant, half-bashful laugh of a young girl, showing 
 she understood the question, but did not speak. This interview was decidedly 
 agreeable all around. After more than an hour spent in conversation, having 
 taken dinner, they departed on the milita"y road westward, leaving a pleasant 
 impression behind them. 
 
 " It occurred to us that the names of the father and daughter were suitable 
 for new towns — in fact, infinitely preferable to repeating Washington and 
 various others for the hundredth time. Unfortunately, we neglected to ascer- 
 tain of them the meaning of their names ; but, some years later, Pratt R. Skin- 
 ner removed here from Dubuque and established a land agency, subsequently a 
 dry-goods store, under the firm of Skinner & Clark. Mr. Skinner had been 
 engaged in government surveys in this part of Iowa, and was no stranger to 
 the Indians and their languaore. He said the word Anamosa signified white 
 fawn, and the probability of such being the case is natural enough, when we 
 consider the Indian custom of naming persons from individual objects. 
 
 "After Lexington had been platted on this spot and had become the county 
 seat, we brought forward the subject of changing the name of the town, and 
 thus avoiding the numerous delays and losses in mail matter, resulting from 
 similarity of post-office name, almost every northern State having its Lexing- 
 ton. Skinner and C. 0. Rockwell joined in the move, but, on consultation, 
 the Board of County Commissioners concluded they had no power in the prem- 
 ises, and that it was the province of the District Court. At the first session of 
 that Court held in Lexington, a petition, gotten up mainly by Skinner and 
 Rockwell, was presented. Judge Wilson assented, and since then the town has 
 borne the name of Anamosa." 
 
 INCORPORATION. 
 
 In the early part of 1854, a petition was presented to the County Judge of 
 Jones County, requesting the appointment of an election to decide whether or 
 not Anamosa should become an incorporated town. The Judge granted the 
 petition, and named May 1, 1854, as the day on which said election should 
 be held, and at which election persons residing in the platted village of Ana- 
 raosa should be electors. The result was in favor of an incorporation. 
 
 A second election was ordered to be held in the Court House of Anamosa 
 on the 27th of May following, to choose five persons who should prepare a 
 charter for the proposed town. This election resulted in the choice of C. L. 
 D. Crockwell, D. Kinert, P. R. Skinner, S. T. Pierce and Joseph Dimmitt. 
 
 The charter was not submitted for adoption for almost two years, being 
 adopted March 11>, 1856, and submitted for the consideration of the County 
 Judge. By him the first election was immediately ordered, resulting in the 
 choice of William T. Shaw, Mayor; C. C. Peet, Recorder, and G. W. Keller, 
 Josepli Mann, S. T. Buxton and H. C. Metcalf, Councilmen. 
 
 Anamosa was divided into Avards and declared organized as a city February 
 6, 1872, by the Town Council. This organization was completed by the first 
 city election held March 4, 1872, when two Councilmen were elected from 
 each ward. 
 
436 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 THE PRESS. 
 
 No better index to the state of society or the thrift of a community 
 can be found than the press it supports. Decide the question as you may. 
 whether the press is the power behind the throne, or simply the mirror of 
 public thought, the newspaper does not thrive in a virgin soil, but prospers 
 only in a cultivated garden. The press of Anamosa and of other towns of the 
 county show the people of Jones to be not one whit behind the standard which 
 culture would demand in the support of the ncAVspapers. 
 
 The first news sheet issued iri Jones County was called the Anamosa News, 
 started by William Haddock in February, 1852. He purchased an old press 
 and type in Wisconsin, paying therefor |5300. In 1856, he sold the affair to 
 Nathan G. Sales, who conducted the sheet in such a manner as to pique the 
 Republicans of Anamosa and surrounding country ; whereupon, some of the 
 more vengeful and enterprising spirits determined to have an organ of their 
 own. J. E. Lovejoy, of Scotch Grove Township, brother of Owen Lovejoy, 
 being a practical printer, talked of selling his farm and starting a paper. It 
 Avas likewise one of the ambitions of C. L. D. Crockwell to be the proprietor 
 of a journal. They entered into partnership, Lovejoy making out a list of 
 types and machinery needed, and sending to Cincinnati for the same. Crock- 
 well became security for the payment of purchase money. 
 
 The first issue of the paper came out in August, 1856. After three issues, 
 Lovejoy, not enjoying the hardships and labor connected with journalism on 
 the border, and owing to sickness in his family, returned to his fiirm, leaving 
 the entire affair on Crockwell's hands. The latter was a druggist, and had 
 but little time or inclination to devote to editorial duties. He therefore asked 
 Mr. Edmund Booth to contribute editorials to the young enterprise, which he 
 •did for some months. Matt Parrott, now State binder and publisher of the 
 Iowa State Reporter at Waterloo, bought an interest in the paper in January, 
 
 1858. May 3 of the same year, found the journal, Avhich was called the 
 JJureka, under the ownership of Crockwell, Parrott &; Booth. June 28, 
 
 1859, Crockwell retired, and December 12, 1862, Edmund Booth became sole 
 owner of the paper. His son, T. E. Booth, was received into partnership 
 October 10, 1867, and for the past twelve years the Eureka has had a pros- 
 perous existence under the proprietorship of E. Booth & Son. 
 
 It was the original purpose to call the paper the Free Soiler, and such 
 was the name in the first prospectus, that being the time of the Free-Soil move- 
 ment. CrockAvell, however, who delighted in oddities, gave it the name it still 
 wears — Eureka (I have found it). The journal was first issued in the first brick 
 building erected in Anamosa, being only one story high, fifteen feet square, 
 built for a physician's office. It has since occupied quarters in the brick build- 
 ings of S. T. Buxton, H. C. Metcalf, and for the past nine years has found a 
 home on the second floor of the building on the corner of Ford and Main streets, 
 built by E. Booth & Son for the purpose. 
 
 The original size of the .Eureka was a seven-column folio, which was enlarged 
 to eight columns in October, 1866, at which time the office purchased a Hoe 
 power-press, the first power-press for a country office in this part of the State. 
 Edmuml Booth continues political editor of the sheet, which has ever been 
 Republican. T. E. Booth cares for the local page and attends to the business 
 affairs connected with the office. The circulation is now 1,500. 
 
 It may not be amiss to state in this connection that J. E. Lovejoy, the first 
 proprietor of the Eureka, was brother to the celebrated Owen Lovejoy, of 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 437 
 
 Illinois, and likewise brother of Elijah P. Lovejoy, who was killed by a mob at 
 Alton, III, in 1838. 
 
 George H. Walworth, a brother-in-law of Edmund Booth, was one of the 
 defenders of Elijah P. Lovejoy, and was in the building when Lovejoy was shot. 
 Mr. Walworth was elected to the Iowa Legislature in 1839, for Jones and Cedar 
 Counties, and after Jones was entitled to a Representative, Walworth repre- 
 sented the county for two or three terms. He afterward went South and was 
 killed by an accident. Mr. Walworth was a man of fine abilities and remark- 
 able personal attractions, and was noted for his energy and enterprise. 
 
 Anamosa Journal. — The organ of the Democratic party at the county seat 
 of Jones, is a seven-column folio weekly paper, published every Thursday and 
 entitled the Anamosa Journal. This paper was established in the year 1872, by 
 one A. L. Smith as editor and proprietor. Under the management of Smith, 
 the enterprise seems not to have proved a success, and, on the 1st of January, 
 1874, it passed into the hands of P. D. Swigart. On the 7th day of the same 
 month, a half-interest was sold to J. M. Swigart, and the publication continued 
 under the firm name of Swigart Bros., until the 29th of June, 1874, when J M. 
 Swigart disposed of his interest to C. H. Monger, the firm changing to Monger 
 & Swigart. On the 1st of August in the same year, J. A. Monger purchased 
 the interest of Swigart and the firm changed to Monger Bros. J. A. Monger 
 continued as one of the proprietors for a year, when the Journal passed into the 
 hands of C. H. Monger, sole editor and proprietor from that time to the present. 
 
 The real prosperity of the Journal may be said to date from the time it 
 passed under the management of C. H. Monger. The parties connected Avith 
 the paper prior to that time were not educated to journalism and were not well 
 calculated to succeed in such an enterprise. Mr. C. H. Monger had been some- 
 what educated to the newspaper business before he came to Jones County, and 
 his success is in a measure due to that fact. 
 
 The political complexion of the Journal, as has been indicated, has been 
 throughout unhesitatingly Democratic. Mr. Monger, by birth and education, 
 possesses the qualifications essential to the publication of a Democratic journal. 
 He is not a Democrat from choice but by nature, and he engages in the work of 
 his hand with all the ardor of his soul. 
 
 The policy of the Journal, under its present management, has been decid- 
 edly aggressive and outspoken. No one can be at a loss to know on which side 
 of all public questions the Journal stands. What can be said of the independ- 
 ence of the Journal on political questions, may likewise be said in reference 
 to all social questions. Under the management of Mr. Monger, the Journal 
 has steadily increased its patronage and has a large circulation. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 March 25, 1859, a petition, signed by ten voters of the town of Anamosa, 
 was presented to the Town Council praying an election to be held in said town 
 to decide whether the corporation and territory adjoining, which had previously 
 been attached for school purposes, should become a separate and independent 
 district in accordance with certain powers conferred by the State Board of 
 Education during the previous year. 
 
 In answer to this petition, the Mayor, by order of the Council, proclaimed 
 an election, to be held on the second Monday of April following, to decide the 
 matter. In this election an unanimous vote of seventy ballots was cast in favor 
 of a separate district. 
 
438 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 The first Board was elected April 19, 1859, and was composed of William 
 T. Shaw, President; J. S. Dimmitt, Vice President; J. J. Dickenson, Secre- 
 tary ; Israel Fisher, R. S. Hadley, R. Crane and David Graham, Directors. 
 
 There were at that time five teachers employed in the district. During the 
 summer of 1859, school was kept in what was known as the '' Brick School- 
 house " and the United Brethren Church — two teachers in each. The schools 
 were kept in session forty-four weeks out of fifty-two, and the school year was 
 divided into a summer and winter term of twenty-two weeks each. 
 
 The old schoolhouse, in what was known as the Belknap District, was at 
 once sold by the new Board to Adam Snyder for ^130. In the winter of 1859— 
 60, the M. E. Church was rented for school purposes. In the summer of 
 1861, St. ^Marks' Episcopal and the Congregational Ciiurches were rented by 
 the district. In these buildings and other rented rooms the public schools were 
 kept until the erection of the present school building. The site of this structure, 
 which is commonly called the Graded School, was purchased in the spring of 
 1861 of Burton Peet, being two and a half acres of the northeast corner of Sec- 
 tion 10, in Fairview Township. In April, 1861, bids were received for the 
 erection of a building in accordance with the specifications and plans already 
 prepared. Two bids were presented only — E. C. Holt, .^4,600. and Alonzo 
 Spaulding §4,-1:75. The latter was awarded the contract, and in June a tax of 
 five mills was levied toward meeting the wants of the building fund. The 
 house was not completed until the winter of 1862-63, and, when plastered and 
 furnished, cost almost double the original bid. 
 
 An addition was made to the building in 1872, to defray the expenses of 
 which bonds of the district were voted to the amount of 85.0')0, being five 
 $1,000 bonds due in one, two, three, four and five years. The addition was not 
 built by single contract. 
 
 To accommodate pupils in that portion of the district, a schoolhouse was 
 erected in the summer of 1867, in the direction of the stone-quarry. This was 
 burned in 1871 by a fire originating from a locomotive, and sweeping through 
 the timber in which the schoolhouse was located. A new building was imme- 
 diately erected at a cost of $1,000. 
 
 In April, 1877, that portion of the Independent District south of the Wap- 
 sipinicon was set off to the Fairview District, the river being declared a legal 
 obstruction, preventing the attendance of children from the opposite side. 
 
 April 8, 1872, the Independent District of Strawberry Hill was separated 
 from the Independent District of Anamosa by a vote of the electors of the for- 
 mer corporation. The vote stood 23 to 2 in favor of a district organization. 
 
 A course of study was formally adopted in 1874, arranging for a high 
 school department of three years. At that time, there was an indebtedness of 
 $6,500 hanging over the district, which has all been since removed. 
 
 The present schools of Anamosa comprise the Quarry School, which is not 
 graded, and is in every respect a country school, save that it is under city gov- 
 ernment, and the Graded School, which includes seven departments. This two- 
 story brick building occupies a conspicuous location, and is a comfortable 
 habitation for the rising generation of the city. The school year now com- 
 prises nine months, usually beginning in September. 
 
 The report for the term ending June 20, 1879, shows : Total enrollment, 
 367 ; average attendance, 284 : per cent of attendance. 92. The teachers 
 elect with tiieir salaries are: Principal, Park Hill, $JO0 per year ; .Vssistant 
 Principal, Mrs. L. M. Noble, $40 per month ; Room 2, Miss M. Scroggs. $30 
 per month ; Room 3, Miss S. L. Cunningham, $30 per month ; Room 4, Miss 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 439 
 
 Jalia Foos, $30 per month ; Room 5, Miss Ella Foos, $30 per month ; Room 6, 
 Miss J. Chapman, $30 per month ; Room 7, Miss Abbie Porter, |30 per 
 month ; Quarry School, Miss Nellie Beardsley, $30 per month. 
 
 The present Board of Directors : I. H. Brasted, President ; J. C. Dietz, 
 Secretary ; T. W. Shapley, Treasurer : L. J. Adair, J. S. Stacy, B. Huggins, 
 James Lister, Linus Pitcher. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 First Congregational Church of Anamosa. — About the year 1840, Rev. 
 Thomas Emerson commenced special Christian labor in what was then known 
 as '' Big Woods," which included the whole of Fairview Township and also 
 Greenfield and Rome Townships. His labors, though brief, were attended with 
 some success, and after his departure to another State (Missouri), Rev. Mr. 
 Rankin secured the names of a few persons with a view of organizing a Christian 
 Church, but finding the project beset with many difficulties, he left it unaccom- 
 plished. Soon after this, about the year 1844, Rev. E. Alden, Jr., succeeded 
 in gatherino; and oro-anizino; a small Congreo-ational Church in Rome, which 
 
 o o -r> ■ ft, • O 
 
 is thought to be the first Church organizetion in the county. But it was ot bi'iet 
 duration. Discordant elements began to work, and the Church was dissolved 
 early in 1846. In the spring of that year, Rev. Alfred Wright visited Big 
 Woods as a missionary, and, in September following, removed to Anamosa, or 
 to what was then known as Lexington. He labored here to impress upon the 
 scattered Christians the need of a church organization, and, on the 14th of 
 November, 1846, Samuel Hillis and wife. Solomon Hester and wife, Mrs. Mar- 
 garet Hester and Mrs. L. C. Wright met to consider the importance of such a 
 step. 
 
 After prayer and due deliberation, it was unanimously decided that a Con- 
 gregational organization should be effected. 
 
 Samuel E. Ellis was then elected Deacon, and, on the following Sabbath, 
 the members adopted the Articles of Faith as drawn up and adopted by the Gen- 
 eral Association of Iowa, together with a church covenant chosen for the occa- 
 sion, and Brother Samuel E. Ellis was set apart by prayer and consecration to 
 the office of Deacon. Mr. Wright continued his labors here until the fall of 
 
 1853, a period of about seven and a half years, his Church then numbering 
 eighty-two members. 
 
 In 1851, a frame house of worship was erected a little outside and east of 
 what was then the business portion of the town. The building is now used as 
 a tin-shop, and stands on the north side, and just in the angle of Main street, 
 in the western part of the town. This church edifice was probably the first 
 erected in the county. It was neatly painted white, and comfortably seated 
 with solid oak pews. In the latter part of 1853, or early in 1854, Father 
 Wright removed to Quasqueton, Buchanan County. 
 
 In 1853, the name of the church was changed to the '' First Congrega- 
 tional Church of Anamosa." Mr. Wright was succeeded in the spring of 
 
 1854, by Rev. E. 0. Bennett, who remained here but six months. He was 
 followed by Rev. H. W. Strong, who began his labors on the 1st of January, 
 
 1855, and continued the same length of time. On the 1st of June, 1855, 
 Rev. S. P. La Dou commenced labor here and remained one year. 
 
 December 1, 1856, Rev. Samuel A. Benton entered upon the field and 
 ministered to the Church during a period of five years, at the close of which 
 he left, and was appointed Chaplain in the Fourteenth Iowa Volunteers, under 
 
440 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Col. W. T. Shaw. Mr. Benton served but six months, when his health failed, 
 and he returned to his home. During his last year as Pastor (1861), the 
 present house of worship, then the most commodious in the town, was built, 
 and during his ministry forty-nine were added to the Church. 
 
 June 1, 1862, Rev. 0. W. Merrill was called to the pastorate of the 
 Church, and continued his labors for four years as stated supply. On the 20th 
 of June, 1866, he was installed as settled Pastor, and continued this relation 
 until June, 1870, when, by his own request, and by advice of Council, he was 
 dismissed to act as Superintendent of Missions for I^ebraska ; a position to 
 which he was called by the American Home Missionary Society. During his 
 ministry, a debt of over $700 was paid, the house seated at a cost of $500, a 
 spiro erected and a bell purchased at a cost of $700, an organ purchased and 
 the house carpeted. From dependence on the Home Missionary Society for 
 aid in supporting the pulpit, the Church became self-sustaining. In the eight 
 years of his ministry, eighty-five were added to the Church. The working 
 ability of the Church was more than doubled, as was also its average Sabbath 
 congregation. 
 
 Rev. 0.- W. Merrill died at Lincoln, Neb., in the month of March, 1874. 
 He was much beloved for his genial character as a friend, and for the higher 
 qualities of a noble manhood and a consistent Christian. 
 
 In June, 1870, Rev. William Patton was chosen to fill the pulpit as stated 
 supply, and preached during a period of three months. 
 
 In 1871, Rev. R. M. Sawyer began his ministerial labors, and remained 
 with the Church one year. 
 
 September 1, 1872, Rev. J. B. Fiske commenced his ministerial labors, and 
 still continues', to the full satisfa(;tion of his parishioners. 
 
 M. E. Ohurch. — When Iowa was still a wilderness, the Methodists com- 
 menced promulgating their doctrines, and the Iowa Conference established 
 what was known as the Anamosa Circuit in the year 1849, and the Rev. Mr. 
 Vail was sent to sow the good seed. Mr. Vail was succeeded by the Rev. 
 Harvey Taylor in the fall of 1850, The population of the circuit at that time 
 was small, but a class often persons was formed at Anamosa in the year 1851, 
 and in February of the same year a church society was organized. For four or 
 five years, the regular services of the Church were held in the Court House. 
 After that the public schoolhouse was occupied for a time, and then the church 
 edifice of the United Brethren. In the year 1865, it was determined by 
 the society to build a church of their own. The necessary funds were sub- 
 scribed, when a difficulty arose in regard to the location of the church building, 
 which resulted in the withdrawal of about a third of the subscriptions and sev- 
 eral of the members. Those who withdrew formed themselves into a society 
 called the Protestant Methodist Church, which organization lasted but for a 
 short time, dying for lack of support. 
 
 The building of the church progressed, however, and at the time of the ded- 
 ication, in December, 1865, there was a debt of $2,500. This debt has since 
 been paid, and the society now owns its own parsonage, and is in a very pros- 
 perous condition, having a debt of less than $200. The society owns other 
 landed estate to the amount of about $800. 
 
 The first attempt at building a church was in 1851, but the money was 
 finally expended in building a parsonage. A debt of some $200 was incurred, 
 which ran along for a number of years, when the society was obliged to sell the 
 parsonage. After paying the debts of the society, a balance of about $100 
 remained, and the old Congregational Church was purchased, which served as 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 441 
 
 a place of worship until the present edifice was erected. The first class organ- 
 ized, as mentioned before, in 1851, consisted often persons. The first church 
 record having been lost or destroyed, the historian is under obligations to Mr. 
 D. Cunningham for the names, which are as follows : Oliver Lockwood and 
 Rebecca, his wife; Mr. Sedlers ; C. L. D. Crockwell and Mary, his wife; Mary 
 Bass ; D. Cunningham and Sarah, his wife, and Mr. Vail and wife. From this 
 beginning, the Church has grown, through many very severe trials, to its pres- 
 ent proportions, having a membership at this time, August, 1879, of 230, with 
 a large and prosperous Sabbath school. 
 
 The following are the names of the Pastors who have ministered to the 
 spiritual wants of the society : Revs. Mr. Vail, Harvey Taylor, A. B. Kendig, 
 A. Carey, G. H. Jamison, Otis Daggett, George Larkins, Isaac Soule, A. 
 Bronson, F. C. Wolfe, A. Hill, A. H. Ames, U. Eberhart, Bishop Isbell, E. 
 D. Rosa, E. W. Jeffries, S. H. Henderson, Wm. Fawcett, Wm. Lease, J. B. 
 Casebeer, S. H. Church, John BoAvman and J. M. Leonard, the present Pastor. 
 
 Protestant Methodist. — This Church seceded from the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church at Anamosa in 1865, in consequence of a dispute in regard to the site 
 of the new M. E. Church and other things, among them a feeling brought on by 
 the war. Seven members, who were the leaders in the organization, bought the 
 old M. E. Church building, and in it they worshiped. These members were Noah 
 Hutchins, James L. Brown, John S. Belknap, Burrill Huggins, Joseph Moore, 
 Samuel Brunskill and L. Belknap. They continued to hold services, although 
 never incorporated as a society, until about the 1st of September, 1871, when 
 they disbanded. The ministers who preached during their continuance were 
 James Abbott and W. C. Beardsley. 
 
 Catholic Church. — When this western country was all a vast mission of the 
 Catholic Church, occasional meetings were held wherever the priests could 
 gather their congregations. We have no records of services of this denom- 
 ination at Anamosa prior to 1857, at which time a mission station was 
 established with this town as its head, the station at that time embracing a 
 very large circuit, as the following towns were all included in the work : 
 Anamosa, Castle Grove, Langworthy, Wyoming, Monticello, Fairview, Cass, 
 Madison and the Buffalo Creek country. Meetings were held in the old Court 
 House until the first church of this denomination was completed here in 1861. 
 It was dedicated with considerable ceremony by Bishop Smith, assisted by sev- 
 eral of the clergy. This church is a very neat, red-brick structure, and when 
 dedicated was entirely paid for. It was built in the following manner : A num- 
 ber of the members of the Church got together, dug the foundation, and after 
 this work was completed, quarried the stone, and, with their own teams, hauled 
 ic and laid it in position, not hiring any help. The lime was contributed, and 
 all the money used was $100, donated by Mr. P. Flannery, who was at that 
 time in the army and died there. This money was used to buy brick. 
 
 The church continued to be in the mission until 1865, when Father 
 McLaughlin was first stationed here as the settled priest, and regular services 
 have since that time been held in Anamosa. The circuit now comprises only 
 this town and the Buffalo Creek country. 
 
 At the time the first service was held here in 1857, the congregation num- 
 bered less than fifty persons, including the following, with their families : John 
 Flemming, Thomas Holt, Thomas English, J. Murphy, J. Connery, John 
 Hayes, M. Doyle and James Spellman. 
 
 In 1874, this conorreoration built another church, havino; found the old struct- 
 ure too small for their needs. This new church is near the old one, and is quite 
 
442 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 an imposing structure, being 90x46 feet, and built of the limestone found 
 in this vicinity. The cost was ^10,000. 
 
 The following priests have ministered to this congregation, commencing with 
 the mission station in 1857 : Rev. Fathers Slatery, 0' Conner, Gellestry, Cun- 
 ningliam, McLaughlin, Cannon, Shields, Lowery and Father Maher, the pres- 
 ent incumbent, who has been with this people for ten years. 
 
 The Church is now entirely out of debt, and the congregation is large and 
 influential. Among the members are some of the best citizens of the town 
 and country. 
 
 St. Mark's Church. — August 14, 1859, the Eighth Sunday after Trinity, 
 a parish Avas organized in Anamosa, Jones County, Iowa, under the name of 
 St. Mark's, by the Rev. Walter F. Lloyd. 
 
 On Wednesday, March 15, 1860, after Morning Prayer and sermon, the 
 corner-stone of St. Mark's Church was laid by Rev. Walter F. Lloyd. 
 
 July 20, 1860, Friday, St. Mark's Church was opened for Divine service. 
 Rev. W. F. Lloyd read Prayers. Bishop Lee preached, administered the sacred 
 rite of Confirmation and the Sacrament of the Holy Communion. 
 
 The following Vestrymen were elected at the organization: C. W. Laing, 
 E. H. Sherman, A. H. Peaslee, J. S. Dimmitt, E. Blakeslee, Bedford Fisher, 
 William R. Locke, Matt. Parrott and John J. Welsh. 
 
 The following Rectors have served the interests of the Church : Revs. W. F. 
 Lloyd, John H. Eddy, Hale Townsend, Ezra Isaacs, William Campbell, Robert 
 Trewartha and the present Rector — Rev. J. I. Corby n. 
 
 Preshj/tei-ian Church. — The First Presbyterian Church of Anamosa w 
 organized September 20, A. D. 1868, by a Committee of the Presbytery of 
 Dubuque, appointed for that purpose, consisting of Rev. James McKean and 
 Rev. J. L. Wilson and Rulino; Elder S. F. Glenn. Those uniting in the organi- 
 zation were as follows : John McKean, Nancy A. McKean, Mrs. Pamelia 
 Yule and her two daughters, Arvilla Yule and A. Y'ule, Mrs. J. H. Fisher 
 and Mrs. D, C. Tice. John McKean was duly elected Ruling Elder of 
 the Church, and installed according to the usages of the Presbyterian 
 Church. The meeting was held in the Baptist Church edifice. Rev. Jerome 
 Allen was present and, by request, preached in the morning : Rev. J. L. Wil- 
 son in the evening. Rev. Jerome Allen supplied the Church temporarily with 
 preaching during the fiill and following winter. The first regiilar stated sup- 
 ply was Rev. Blooaifield Wall, a laborious and faithful minister, who remained 
 with the Church for one year from August 1, 1869. During this year, the 
 Church grew considerably in numbers, worshiping in what was then the court- 
 room, where is now (1879) Miller's photograph-rooms. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Wall being removed at the close of the first year to the southern 
 portion of the State, the Church was left vacant and remained so until 1871, 
 when the Church secured, in connection with the then Presbyterian Church of 
 Wayne, the labors of Rev. J. Nesbitt Wilson for the three successive years. 
 After this time, up to the spring of 1878, the Church, although now left desti- 
 tute of stated preaching, was supplied about once a month by Rev. H. L. 
 Stanley, the able and accomplished Pastor at Wheatland, Iowa. During these 
 years, the times were hard, emigration was against the Church, several of the 
 most efficient members removing, and death thinned the ranks by the loss of 
 several of the most pious and devoted members — the beloved Mrs. Ditto, 
 Mrs. Pamelia Yule and the accomplished Capt. F. C. McKean being of the 
 number. Notwithstanding seemingly discouraging circumstances, the members 
 seemed generally to cling with more tenacity to the faith so true to Christ and 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 443 
 
 the principles of representative republican church government, embraced in its 
 order, as distinguished from absolute democracy on the one hand and the rule 
 of a hierarchy on the other. 
 
 A Sabbath school has always existed in connection with the Church from 
 the first pastorate of Rev. Mr. Wall, and weekly prayer-meetings upheld. 
 
 In the spring of 1878, having no house of worship, on invitation of the 
 citizens of Strawberry Hill, the place of worship was removed to Strawberry 
 Hill Schoolhouse, where services were held until the completion of the church 
 building, November 17, 1878. 
 
 As a preparatory step to the erection of a church building, on May 5, 1878, 
 Articles of Incorporation were adopted in due legal form, under the name and 
 style of "The First Presbyterian Church of Anamosa." They were signed 
 and acknowledged by the following persons : William T. Shaw, Joseph Wood, 
 John McKean, Albert Higby, B. F. Smith, Abraham Everett and Eugene 
 Carr. 
 
 The first Board of Trustees were John McKean, Joseph Wood, Albert 
 Higby, B. F. Smith and B. G. Yule, of whom Judge McKean was elected 
 President and Albert Higby, Secretary, with Joseph Wood, Treasurer. Col. Will- 
 iam T. Shaw had most generously donated to the Church, for its use for building 
 purposes, one-half of a block of lots. The Church at once prepared to erect 
 a building. The contract was let to Messrs. Parsons & Foley, of Anamosa, on 
 July 1, 1878, and the corner-stone laid shortly afterward by the Rev. Daniel 
 Russell. The building was dedicated, free of debt, Nov. 17, 1878, just four 
 months afterward, complete and finished, which speaks well for the contractors, 
 the Church and the generous-hearted citizens who so liberally aided by their 
 funds and sympathy. 
 
 The building is of brick, 28x48 feet, with ornate tower 10x10 feet, on the 
 northeast corner, about sixty feet high. The stone work is of the finest Ana- 
 mosa limestone, with which the building is elegantly trimmed. The style of 
 the architecture is Gothic. The grounds are fenced and ornamented with 
 walks and trees, tastefully arranged under the supervision of Joseph Wood. 
 The bricks were selected by B. F. Smith from his kilns on Strawberry Hill, 
 Col. Shaw aided much by his judgment in building matters. 
 
 The dedication sermon was preached by Rev. A. S. Marshall, of Marion, 
 and was an able discourse. 
 
 The funds necessary to meet all indebtedness were raised at that time. The 
 Church now seems to be in a fair way to prosper, for which the members and 
 friends of the congregation are grateful, under the able pastoral care of Rev. 
 Daniel Russell. 
 
 The Church is the youngest of the sister Churches of Anamosa, and has 
 received much encouragement and sympathy from them in the passing years. 
 
 The Sabbath school has been under the superintendency of the following 
 persons : Capt. Francis C. McKean, Dr. Alex. McKean and John McKean, 
 assisted by B. G. Yule, Calvin Hazlett and M. Wood. 
 
 Mrs. D. C. Tice, Miss Martha Allen and Miss Gertie Reece have presided 
 at the organ in church and Sunday school. 
 
 No member of this Church, during its existence, has ever been suspended 
 or expelled by the Session. 
 
 All who have died, so far as known, have departed in the glorious hope of 
 life and immortality through Christ, our risen Lord and Savior. 
 
 Baptist Church. — The Anamosa Baptist Church society was organized 
 June 26, 1858, with seven members, as follows: E. B. Alderman, Lydia A. 
 
444 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Alderman, Eliplilet Kimball, Mary E. Kimball, Jane Trester, Mary Baker 
 and Anganet Swazee. 
 
 July ol of the same year, Lavina Burlingham and Anna Saxby were 
 admitted to membership. Rev. N. B. Homan was the first Pastor. 
 
 The whole number received up to September 1, 1879, is 196 ; number of 
 members at tiiat time, 88. 
 
 In 1868, the society erected a good and substantial church edifice, situated 
 on Garnavillo street, north of Main. The dedicatory services were on Sunday, 
 the 1st of March of the year 1868. The cost of the building together with the 
 lot, was $5,725, and remaining unpaid at the time of dedication, $2,155.15. 
 
 The dedicatory sermon was preached by the Rev. N. F. Ravlin, of Chicago, 
 services being held morning and evening. The total amount subscribed during 
 the two services was $2,547, the whole amount of the debt, leaving a balance to 
 the credit of the society. 
 
 The Rev. L. T. Bush is now supplying the pulpit with a view to locate as 
 Pastor of the church. 
 
 Present officers : H. M. Remley, Clerk ; I. H. Brasted, Treasurer; Trustees: 
 H. W. Sigworth, John Rhodes and W. D. Litzenberg ; Deacons, C. W. Coe 
 and John Stewart. 
 
 In May, 1867, this society organized a Sabbath school, and E. B. Alder- 
 man was elected Superintendent, and served in that capacity for three 3'ears. 
 H. M. Remley was next elected, and served three years. C. W. Coe was next 
 elected, and served three years. H. M. Remley was next elected, and served 
 three 3'ears. John Stewart was elected in 1879, and is the present incumbent 
 of tlie office. There are fourteen officers and teachers, and an enrollment of 
 seventy-six scholars. Contributions for the las.t year, $58.80. The school is 
 in a flourishing condition. 
 
 FIRST BURIAL IN THE ANAMOSA CEMETERY. 
 
 The first person buried in what is now the Anamosa Cemetery, was a child 
 of John Leonard. Leonard's home was at Fairview, but he was working for 
 some person in Anamosa (then Lexington), and his family was with him. His 
 child died, and as there was no regular burying-ground, those who had pre- 
 viously died were buried on the hillside back of what is now the dwelling of 
 Matthews & Son, and back of the Midland Railroad track. The child was 
 buried on the hill, and among the few scattered trees overlooking the Wapsie. 
 All who died here in the years that followed were buried on the same hill, and, 
 finally, in the year 1854 or 1855, the ground, which was the property of Mr. 
 G. H. Ford, was laid out into burial lots. The ground, as stated elsewhere, 
 was purchased by the Anamosa Cemetery Association. 
 
 ANAMOSA CEMETERY ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Pursuant to adjournment, the citizens of Anamosa convened at the Metho- 
 dist Church on the evening of the 11th of May, 1863, for the purpose of com- 
 pleting the above organization, G. W. Field, Esq., in the chair. C. R. Scott 
 was made Secretary of the meeting. 
 
 The Committee appointed at a previous meeting to draft Articles of Incorpo- 
 ration, made a report through W. G. Hammond, Esq., Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee, which report was received and the Committee discharged. The Articles 
 of Incorporation were, on motion, adopted seriatim^ and signed by E. B. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 445 
 
 Alderman, J. E. Friend, A. Spalding, D. Kinert, S. G. Matson, J. J. Dickin- 
 son, George W. Field, W. G. Hammond, H. L. Palmer, S. A. Pope, Jacob 
 Gerber and C. R. Scott as corporators. 
 
 The Committee appointed on Cemetery Grounds, through J. J. Dickinson, 
 Esq., reported progress, and the Committee continued under former instructions. 
 
 On motion, the Association proceeded to elect nine Trustees for the ensu- 
 ing year. E. B. Alderman, W. G. Hammond, Alonzo Spalding, J. J. Dick- 
 inson, Israel Fisher, G. P. Dietz, J. E. Friend, C. R. Scott and G. W. Field 
 were duly elected Trustees of the corporation. 
 
 G. W. Field, W. G. Hammond and C. R. Scott were appointed to draft 
 by-laws for the government of the corporation. 
 
 The Secretary and Treasurer were instructed to open books for sub- 
 scriptions. 
 
 The Association adjourned to meet again in one week. 
 
 On the 12th of May, 1863, Articles of Incorporation were filed for record 
 with the Recorder of Jones County, Iowa, at 12 o'clock, M., and recorded in 
 Book 22 of Deeds, Page 123. 
 
 Various propositions were received at diiferent times for the sale o^ land to 
 the Association, but no purchase was made until the 11th of May, 1864, when 
 the grounds known as the " old cemetery " were purchased from G 11. Ford, 
 together with adjacent grounds, embracing in all about fifteen acres, situated 
 west of the city, on an elevated portion of ground at the junction of Butfalo 
 Creek with the Wapsipinicon River. The situation is decidedly beautiful and 
 romantic. The purchase was made on three, six and nine years' time, at 8 
 per cent, and the Association was made ready to make sales of the laid-out lots, 
 and soon entered upon the work of laying out and improving the cemetery. 
 
 In 1869, under the personal supervision of Mr. J. H. Fisher, the whole 
 ground was inclosed with a strong, pine board fence, and a roadway thirty feet 
 wide cut around, inside the fence. On the east side, a strip of ground some 
 thirty feet wide and two hundred long, leading to the cemetery grounds proper, 
 was inclosed in the same substantial fence, and at the entrance-way was made 
 a handsome double gate, twelve feet wide. These gates are hinged to massive 
 pillars, and are kept locked. The pillars are octagons, some thirty inches 
 in diameter, eighteen feet high, and are connected at the top Avith a broad and 
 tasty arch, supported on neat brackets, and faced with the inscription, " Ana- 
 mosa Cemetery," in raised block letters. The whole is neatly painted, and 
 presents a pleasing appearance. At the right of the gate as we approach, there 
 are flights of steps on either side of the fence, for the convenience of pedes- 
 trians. The whole expense, up to that time, for fencing, grading, etc., was 
 §517. Of this amount, the Association paid $43.50 ; collected by subscrip- 
 tions, $373.50; appropriated by the Town Council, $100; total, $517. 
 
 Since that time, the Association has, from time to time, made various 
 improvements, and the city of Anamosa thereby has a most delightful spot for 
 a burying-ground. 
 
 The present officers of the Association are : Directors, Messrs. Needham, 
 Foxall, Schoonover, Heitchen, Shaw, Harvey, Peet and Newman ; W. T. Shaw, 
 President ; A. Heitchen, Secretary ; L. Schoonover, Treasurer, and George 
 Bemrose, Sexton. 
 
 ST. Patrick's literary and benevolent society. 
 
 The above organization was chartered under the corporation laws of the 
 State, on the 2d of March, 1861. A meeting for the purpose of organizing the 
 
446 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Society was held some time previous, and Timothy Flaherty and Thomas Foarde 
 were appointed a Committee to provide a Constitution and By-Laws for the gov- 
 ernment of the Society. The report of the Committee was made and adopted, 
 in due course of time. 
 
 The following is the preamble of the Constitution, and it gives expression 
 to the objects of the association : 
 
 " Deeply impressed with the necessity of making provisions against the mis- 
 fortunes and calamities to which the mutability of everything earthly renders 
 us liable, we conceive it a duty measurably incumbent upon us, to form our- 
 selves into an association for the purpose of ameliorating — so far as ir is in the 
 power of benevolence — the calamities by which we may be overtaken. Implor- 
 ing the aid of Divine Providence to direct and guide us in our undertaking, 
 we do hereby unite and associate, for the purpose of affording each other mutual 
 assistance in the hour of adversity, of disease and of death. To accomplish 
 the above design with order and regularity, we submit the following Constitu- 
 tion and By-Laws for our regulation and government." 
 
 The Constitution provides that the society shall be known as the " St. 
 Patrick's Literary and Benevolent Society," and that the members shall be prac- 
 tical Catholics only. The officers of the Society are a President, Vice President, 
 Secretary, Assistant Secretary, Treasurer, Librarian, two Stewards and a Door- 
 keeper, who are annually elected by ballot, at the stated meeting in March. 
 
 The present officers of the Society are : Richard Welsh, President; M. 
 McKeone, Secretary ; John McManns, Treasurer : Timothy Flaherty, Corres- 
 ponding Secretary and Librarian. 
 
 The Society has a circulating library of about eight hundred volumes, many 
 of them good standard works. 
 
 The best of harmony prevails among the members, and the Society is in a 
 prosperous condition. 
 
 WESTERN SICK BENEFIT ASSOCIATION. 
 
 This Association was incorporated July 7, 1879, by B. F. Shaw, J. C. Dietz, 
 T. W. Shapley and G. D. McKay. Its place of business is Anamosa, Iowa. 
 Its purpose is to afford insurance upon the mutual plan, against disability 
 by sickness or accident. No sickness or disability of less than one week receives 
 any indemnity. No policy-holder receives pay for more than twelve consecu- 
 tive weeks of sickness during one year. All policy-holders are divided into 
 three classes. A, B, and C. The first class carry an insurance of $20 per week, 
 the second of $10, the third of $5. The cost of insurance for the first year in 
 each of these classes is $20.50, $10.50 and $6.50, respectively. After the first 
 year, assessments are made in case of each loss. 
 
 The plan of organization of the Association is to establish a division in all 
 places where sufficient members reside to form a division. Each division shall 
 choose five of their number as an Executive Committee, whose business it shall 
 be to examine applications for insurance, decide upon eases of loss where doubt 
 exists, and look after the division in their charge. Any male person between 
 the ages of fifteen and fifty-five, who can present from a regular physician a 
 certificate of perfect health may become a member. The Association has been 
 organized but six weeks at this writing. It has met with one small loss. Divi- 
 sions are about to be established at Davenport, Quincy, Keokuk and Burlington. 
 The oflBcers are : B. F. Shaw, President ; J. C. Dietz, Vice President ; T. W. 
 Shapley, Tresisurer ; G. D. McKay, Secretary ; M. L. Ross, Medical Director. 
 
i 
 
 HISTORY OF JONKS COUNTY. 449 
 
 ANAMOSA SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION. 
 
 A society denorainated the " Anamosa Scientific Association," was organ- 
 ized in the fall of 1878, and conducted with success during the winter and 
 spring months of 1878-79, and bids fair to become a permanent organization. 
 It was organized by the election of Dr. J. R. McLean, President, and Dr. A. 
 V. Eaton, Vice President and Secretary. These two gentlemen, with the addi- 
 tion of Dr. E. W. Gawley, constitute an Executive Committee to supervise the 
 conduct of the Association. 
 
 The following are some of the subjects treated upon during the winter : 
 Two evenings were devoted to Geology, under the leadership of Dr. A. V. 
 Eaton ; two evenings to Fish Culture and its History, by Hon. B. F. Shaw ; 
 one evening each to the Eye and Ear, by Dr. J. R. McLean ; one to Chemistry, 
 by Dr. E. W. Gawley ; one evening to the subject of Diphtheria, by Dr. E. 
 Blakslee and others ; one evening on the subject of Hygiene, by Dr. S. G. 
 Matson ; two evenings on Heat and Ventilation, by Judge J. S. Stacy ; Pho- 
 tography was treated of by Mr. Miller, and other topics were treated upon, 
 proving both entertaining and profitable. 
 
 Organizations of this character certainly ought to receive encouragement, 
 as they furnish a means of disseminating useful knowledge. The " Inductive 
 Philosophy" of Bacon is as true in the nineteenth century as it was in the 
 sixteenth, and thought and investigation is the spirit of the age, and the man 
 who does neither is not a proper factor in the nineteentli century. 
 
 ANAMOSA ART ASSOCIATION. 
 
 An Art Association was organized on the 8th of January, 1877, with 
 the following officers and members: C. E. Littlefield, President; Mrs. J. 
 S. Stacy, Vice President ; Miss Zeolia Harmon, Secretary ; Mrs. D. Mcparn, 
 Treasurer. Members — Nellie Fowler, Nellie Clancy, Belle Prouse, Mrs. C. 
 A. Lee, Burritt Needham. 
 
 The object of the Association, as stated in the Constitution, is mutual aid 
 in the study of art and aesthetic culture, the collection of art literature and 
 such works of art or studies as might be deemed necessary for the progress of 
 the society. The society has held its organization, but not in an active con- 
 dition, the members pursuing their studies individually. 
 
 The first collection of pictures was made the last of August, 1879, con- 
 sisting of over 200 paintings and drawings. Mrs. D. McCarn, 23; Mrs. C. A. 
 Lee, 21 ; Mrs. J. S. Stacy, 14 ; Mrs. Nellie Gawley, 5 ; Burritt Needham, G ; Miss 
 Belle Prouse, 2 ; C. E. Littlefield, 8; Miss Tirza Holt, 13; Miss M. Blakeslee, 
 2; Miss Lou Shaw, 15; Miss Nellie Clancy, 5; Miss Olive Shaw, 8. 
 
 A number of paintings and drawings were not catalogued. 
 
 At the request of the officers of the county fair at Monticello, and several 
 of the citizens of Anamosa, a collection of 130 of the pictures was exhibited 
 at the fair in September, 1879. 
 
 SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 Anamosa Lodge, No. 4,6, A., F. <f A. M. — This Lodge was instituted 
 under a dispensation from the Grand Lodge of the State of Iowa, in the month 
 of June, 1854, and, with the exception of Anamosa Lodge, No. 40, I. 0. 0. 
 
 H 
 
■450 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 F., is the oldest secret society at the county seat. The dispensation was 
 granted to E. H. Warren, Calvin Snow, A. J. Lewellen and others, and they 
 were appointed to the offices W. M., S. W. and J. W. respectively, until a 
 charter should be obtained and officers elected in due form. 
 
 The charter was obtained, and on the 28th of July in the same year, the 
 following officers were duly elected : E, H. Warren, W. M. ; A., J. Lewellen, 
 S. W. ; J. H. Fisher, J. W. ; N. W. Stockhouse, Treasurer ; W. W. Wilson, 
 Secretary. 
 
 The following were the appointed officers : Calvin Snow, S. D. ; G. W. 
 Fisher, J. D. ; R. F. Ringer, Tiler ; W. Burley and 0. Cronkhite, Stew'ards. 
 
 There are at present ninety members. 
 
 There have been ten deaths : A. B. Cummings, S. S. McDaniel, F. C. 
 McKean, E. D. Rosa, Chauncy French, E. H. Warren, George B. Gavitt, 
 David Stewart, N. H. Wood and J. H. Strode. 
 
 The following are the present officers : Robert Dott, W. M. ; E. J. Wood, 
 S. W. ; J. B. McQueen, J. W. ; L. Schoonover, Treasurer ; T. R. Ercan- 
 Ibrack, Secretary; J. Heacock, S. D. ; James Lister, J. D. ; Mark Pell, 
 Tiler; Mark Wetherell and H. Hollenbeck, Stewards. 
 
 Royal Arch Masons, 3Iount Sinai Chapter, J^o. 66. — The idea of estab- 
 lishing a Chapter of the Royal Arch Masons at Anamosa was first broached in 
 the early part of the year 1872, and soon a petition was sent to the Grand 
 High Priest for a dispensation, which was granted, and, on June 4 of that 
 year, the Chapter was instituted. The charter members, numbering thirty-six, 
 were as follows : T. R. Ercanbrack, J. D. Walworth, J. S. Belknap, Oscar 
 Sherman, E. B. Alderman, R. McDaniel, L. Schoonover, Robert Dott, T. W. 
 Shapley, William Lease, J. C. Dietz, John Wilson, Noah Hutchins, D. Stew- 
 art, W. C. Hodgins, C. French, E. Bhikeslee, J. M. Canfield,^ G. B. Gavitt, 
 S. C. Hall, W. W. Hollenbeck, F. E. Keyser, D. A. Peet, Charles Lewis, C. 
 H. Lull, J. B. McQueen, F. C. McKean, John McKean, Alex. McKean, L. 
 B. Parsons, J. A. Palmer, D. J. Stewart, F. H. Thompson, Wolfe Yehon, E. 
 J. Wood and J. H. Williams. 
 
 The first officers of the Chapter were as follows : T. R. Ercanbrack, High 
 Priest: E. B. Alderman, King; R. McDaniel, Scribe; L. Schoonover, C. H.; 
 Robert Dott, P. S.; T. W. Shapley, R. A. C; William Lease, G. M. Third 
 v.; J. C. Dietz, G. M. Second V.; D. Stewart, G. M. First V., and Noah 
 Hutchins, Sentinel. 
 
 The present officers are : T. R. Ercanbrack, High Priest ; E. J. Wood, 
 King ; C. H. Lull, Scribe ; D. A. Peet, Treasurer ; J. H. Chapman, Secre- 
 tary ; L. Schoonover, C. H.; Robert Dott, P. S.; T. W. Shapley, R. A. C; 
 J. B. McQueen, G. M. Third V.; A. A. M. Frost, G. M. Second V.; James 
 Lister, G. M. First V.; Mark Pell, Sentinel. 
 
 The representatives to the Grand Chapter have been T. R. Ercanbrack. E. 
 B. Alderman, C. H. Lull and E. J. Wood. 
 
 Death has visited the Chapter but three times in the eight years of its 
 existence. Those Avho have gone to take their degrees in a higiier Lodge are 
 David Stewart, C French and G. B. Gavitt, and the loss has been felt quite 
 severely, as they were among the best workers of the Chapter. 
 
 The total membership at this time (August, 1879,) is forty-three. Since 
 its institution, but eighteen have been admitted. Eight have been dimitted, 
 and have joined some other Chapter. 
 
 Mount Olive Commanclery, Kniyhts Templar ( U. D). — Several of the 
 members of Mount Sinai Chapter, No. 66, feeling that they wished to be 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUxNTY. 451 
 
 further advanced in the mysteries of masonry, resolved to establish a Command- 
 ery, and accordingly made application to the Grand Commander of the Grand 
 Commandery, State of Iowa, for a dispensation, which was granted them on 
 May 31, 1879, and the following members were initiated and occupy the vari- 
 ous offices of the Commandery in the order named : T. R. Ercanbrack, A. E. 
 Martin, C. H. Lull, D. A. Peet, Lew Kinsey, L. Schoonover, T. W. Shap- 
 ley, J. C. Dietz, E. J. Wood, John McKean, H. W. Sigworth, E. B. Alder- 
 man, E. Blakeslee. 
 
 The Commandery is now getting into working order, and has everythino- 
 in readiness for its work, and the indications are lor one of the most prosperous 
 commanderies in the State. 
 
 Anamosa Lodge, No. 4.0, 1. 0. 0. F. — This Lodge is one of the oldest in 
 this part of the State, and was instituted July 6, 1852. The charter members 
 were: B. Beach, Pratt B. Skinner, S. J. Dunham, J. S. Dimmitt, J. W. 
 Singer, Joseph Mann and H. C. Metcalf The charter members now living 
 are Joseph Mann, Pratt R. Skinner and H. C. Metcalf The latter is still 
 a member of Anamosa Lodge. There are seventy-one members at the present 
 time, and the Lodge has initiated 237 persons since it was organized. 
 
 The first officers were: John S. Dimmitt, N. G. ; Benj. Beach, V. G.; 
 Pratt R. Skinner. Secretary ; J. W. Singer, Treasurer. 
 
 The present officers are : Garrett Slingerland, N. G.; A. L. Eager, V. G.; 
 John Morelnnd, R. S.; W. C. Monroe, P. S.: A. Ileitchen, Treasurer ; Samuel 
 Tucker, W.; John Foxall, C; W. H. Symons, R. S. N. G.; D. M. Griffith^ 
 L. S. N. G.; L. B. Peck, 0. G.; Frank Chapman, L G.: J. P. Scroggs, R. S. 
 S.; H. H. Monroe, L. S. S.; W. H. Ostrander, R. S. V. G.; R. J. Kelsey, 
 L. S. V. G. 
 
 The Lodge owns its hall, Avhich is well furnished, and there is a fund of 
 ^1,500 at interest. The opportunities for benevolent purposes have been fre- 
 quent, and the Lodge has always responded liberally. Her donation for out- 
 side public charities has averaged ^50 per year, while the amount paid for the- 
 relief of those who were members has been much larger ; in one instance, $5J> 
 were paid for the care of a brother in a single Aveek. During the rebellion,, 
 much aid was extended to the families rendered indigent by the war. The- 
 members speak of the history of the Lodge Avith a degree of pride, and its long 
 and continued prosperity is a just reason therefor. 
 
 3IeDaniel Encampment, I. 0. 0. F. — The Encampment was instituted 
 March 6, 1866, with eleven charter members. The number of members at 
 present is forty-five. The present officers are : Garrett Slingerland, C. P. ; 
 John Foxall, S. W. ; L. C. Aldrich, H. P. ; C. S. Cooper, J. W. ; W. C. 
 Monroe, Scribe ; S. Needham, Treasurer ; William Dickerson, S. ; E. M. Har- 
 vey, G. ; J. B. McQueen, First W. ; Samuel Tucker, Second W. ; W. L. 
 Storey, Third W. ; L. B. Peck, Fourth W. 
 
 Stella Lodge, No. 223, I. 0. 0. F.—ln 1871, Anamosa Lodge, No. 40. 
 had grown to considerable proportions, and some of the members regarded the 
 idea of another Lodge with favor, as such a large body could not get along as 
 well as a smaller and more compact organization. With this feeling, they took 
 their cards from the old Lodge, and applied for a dispensation, which was granted 
 and charter issued. The Secretary's book, under date of May 1, 1871, says r 
 " At the first slated meeting of Stella Lodge, held at their lodge-room in Ana- 
 mosa, Iowa, the Lodge was called to order by D. D. G. M. George W. Condon, 
 who duly installed said Stella Lodge. No. 223, I. 0. 0. F., pursuant to the laws 
 and usages of the Order, with the following named brothers as charter members - 
 
452 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 J. C. Dietz, R. McDaniel, J. B. McQueen, D. J. Bissell, H. 0. Brown, Charles 
 Lewis. James D. Perfect, John McKean, John T. Rigby, W. J. Sloan and A. 
 S. Atkinson. After which, the following named officers were elected and installed : 
 Noble Grand, J. C. Dietz ; Vice Grand, D. J. Bissell ; Secretary, R. McDaniel; 
 Treasurer, J. S. Perfect." The Lodge immediately began work, and soon a fine 
 organization was the result. Regalia and lodge-room furniture were purchased, 
 and a neat lodge-room fitted up. The organization was always in a flourish- 
 ing condition financially and otherwise; and, at the time of the Chicago fire, 
 while many older Lodges sent small contributions, or none at all, this Lodge 
 forwarded $60.20 to the sufferers. Of all the deeds of charity done by this 
 Lodge, we cannot speak, but the records show many. How money was loaned 
 to members who were in need of help (in many instances without interest), is 
 all spread upon the records, and much honor is due the members for their prompt 
 responses to calls for help. 
 
 In 1877, the hall occupied by Stella Lodge, became too small for their needs, 
 and, under date of November 20, 1877, we find upon the Secretary's book this 
 motion : " Moved and carried that a committee of three be appointed to make 
 some arrangements, or see what can be done in regard to renting or purchasing 
 a lodge-room for the Lodge." From subsequent records, it appears that this 
 committee did its work well, and it was acceptable to the society, as appears 
 from the following, which is among the records of January 1, 1878 : " Moved 
 and carried, that the Trustees of this Lodge be requested to sign the notes and 
 other papers necessary for the purchase of a hall (known as Eureka Hall) from 
 W. T. Shaw." The hall was then unfinished, and considerable time elapsed 
 before it was finished in a condition to be occupied ; but, finally, everything was 
 in readiness, and on the 1st of May, 1878, Stella Lodge was the proud possessor 
 of as fine a lodge-room as was to be found in this section of Iowa. The total 
 cost of hall and furnishings was nearly $1,500. 
 
 The total membership at this time (August, 1 879), is eighty. Since the 
 organization of the Lodge, seventy-nine members have been admitted, and seven 
 have withdrawn. " Death loves a shining mark," and has taken three of the 
 best of the members of Stella Lodge, namely, F. C. McKean, 0. B. Crane and 
 G. B. Gavitt. 
 
 The present elective officers are as follows : T. M. Belknap, N. G. ; J. B. 
 McQueen, V. G. ; I. H. Brasted, Secretary ; A. V. Eaton, Permanent Secre- 
 tary; S. Needham, Treasurer. 
 
 A. 0. U. W., Anamosa Lodge^ No. 56, was organized March 14, 1876, by 
 District Deputy Hey wood. The following were charter members : C. W. Coe, 
 E. B. Alderman, R. A. Abell, William Stoddart, C. Hazlett, C. H. Bingham, 
 J. W. Miller, J. S. Carter, R. L. Duer, J. V. Lewis, G. L. Yount. 
 
 Number of members September 1, 1879, sixty-two. 
 
 The Lodge is in a prosperous condition. There have been no deaths in this 
 lodge. 
 
 Anamosa Lodge, No. 317, I. 0. G. T. — This Lodge was instituted October 
 24, 1865, W. S. Peters, of Dubuque, officiating, and included the following 
 charter members : J. D. Walworth, H. T. Curry, H. L. Palmer, John McKean, 
 J. A. Palmer, L. T. Wilcox, E. W. Jeffries, E.^M. Littlefield and G. L. Yount. 
 
 H. T. Curry was chosen the first W. C. T. 
 
 At the end of the first year, the Lodge included 143 members — ladies and 
 gentlemen. 
 
 At a meeting held in the court room February 15, 1870, it was resolved to 
 surrender the charter of the Lodge. The Order then adjourned sine die, to 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 453 
 
 come together on the call of seven members. The cause of Good Templars was 
 neglected in Anamosa for several years. 
 
 The Order, however, was revived in May, 1876, at which time meetings 
 were commenced in Shaw's Block. There were present at the meeting for 
 re-organization, J. H. Barnard, Mrs. S. Needham, Mrs. M. T. Higgins, H. 
 M. Remley and T. E. Booth. The Lodge was soon fully equipped and placed in 
 good running order. It has enjoyed a prosperous condition ever since its 
 resuscitation, and is now composed of eighty-nine members in good standing. 
 The temperate condition of the city of Anamosa speaks favorably of the influ- 
 ence of this organization, which we believe is the only temperance society in the 
 place. A Blue Ribbon Club was organized a year or two since, but proved 
 short lived. The Order meets in the Odd Fellows' Hall. 
 
 The present officers include T. E. Booth, W. C. T.; Miss Josie Chapman, 
 W.V.T. ; G. A. Eldridge, Sec'y ; Miss Laura Monroe, W. F. S. ; Mrs. R. B. 
 Condit, W. T. : Mrs. C. W. Coe, W. C. ; Frank Buxton, W. M. 
 
 ANAMOSA DRIVING-PARK ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The above Association was organized under the Corporation Laws of the 
 State, on the 5th of August, 1879. 
 
 The following is the published notice of incorporation : 
 
 " First. The name of the corporation is the "Anamosa Driving Park Asso- 
 ciation.' 
 
 " Second. The general nature of the business of said Association is as fol- 
 lows : The purchase, improvement and fitting up of grounds to be used for fairs, 
 agricultural exhibitions, for the training of horses, and for the purpose of a 
 driving-park generally, with power to lease said grounds for the above said pur- 
 poses and such other uses as the Executive Committee may determine. 
 
 "Third. The authorized capital stock of this Association is $3,000, with 
 power to increase the same to $5,000, in shares of $25 each, payable on the call 
 of the President. 
 
 " Fourth. The time of commencement of said corporation is August 5, 1879, 
 and the same is to continue for twenty years. 
 
 " Fifth. The affairs of the Association shall be conducted by one President, 
 one Vice President, one Secretary, one Treasurer and five Directors, which five 
 Directors, together with President and Secretary, shall constitute an Executive 
 Committee. All of said officers shall be elected by the stockholders of said 
 Association on the first Monday in January of each year. 
 
 " Sixth. The highest amount of indebtedness to which the corporation is at 
 any one time to subject itself, is $500. 
 
 " Seventh. The private property of the stockholders shall be exempt from 
 the payment of corporation debts." 
 
 The following are the officers : N. S. Noble. President ; J. P. Scroggs, Vice 
 President; William Mclntyre, Secretary; L. Schoonover, Treasurer. 
 
 Directors : George Waiters, L. N. Pitcher, Patrick Washington, John Foley 
 and Samuel Tucker. 
 
 WATER-WORKS. 
 
 At the time Anamosa was equipped with a system of water-works (1875), it 
 is said to have been the smallest city in the United States thus furnished. Pre- 
 vious to the year mentioned, the city had no satisfactory protection against fires. 
 Insurance rates were high in consequence, and a feeling of insecurity pervaded 
 
454 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 the ranks of the property-holders. It was the opinion of various enterprising 
 spirits that it would be cheaper in the long run to have ample protection 
 at once. The Anamosa Water-Works Company was accordingly incorporated 
 February 20, 1875, by J. C. Dietz, C. H. Lull, N. S. Noble, B. F. Shaw, M. 
 Heisey, T. AV. Shapley, J. G. McGuire, T. R. Ercanbrack, E. B. Alderman, 
 H. C. Metcalf, J. H. Williams, Geo. Watters, E. Blakeslee and John Waiters. 
 
 The capital stock of the Company was fixed at $10,0<)0, with the privilege 
 of increasing to $20,000. April 26, 1875, was passed an ordinance by the City 
 Council of Anamosa which was in substance a contract with the Water- Works 
 Company granting to the latter the " exclusive privilege for twenty years, and 
 an equal right with all others thereafter, of supplying the city of Anamosa with 
 water to be taken from the Wapsipinicon River. The company was to put in 
 three hydrants on Main street, at the corner of Garnavillo, Booth and Ford, and 
 at any other points deemed advisable by the Company — there were to be five 
 hydrants for the exclusive use of the city. In consideration thereof the city agreed, 
 during the life of the franchise granted the Water- Works Company, to levy a tax 
 of one-half of one per cent per annum upon all property located within 800 
 feet of the public hydrants of said company, and also to supply sufficient hose 
 to throw water 800 feet. The contract also specifies that the minimum amount 
 of water Avhich shall be in the reservoir is 20,000 gallons. The paid-up capital 
 stock of the Company is f 6,500. The Company has an indebtedness of $8,500, 
 of which $6,000 is in ten-year bonds, drawing 10 per cent interest, and due in 
 1885. The Company have preferred to incur this indebtedness rather than 
 increase the capital stock, confident in their ability to pay off the indebtedness, 
 and then have stock that is really valuable. The officers are : M. Heisey, 
 President ; E. Blakeslee, Vice President ; J. C. Dietz, Secretary, and G. W. 
 Russell, Treasurer. Directors — E. Blakeslee, II. C. Metcalf, E. C. Holt, M. 
 Heisey, B. Huggins, J. C. Dietz and D. A. Peet. 
 
 The works are built upon the Holly system with reservoir. The pumping 
 engine is a thirty-six horse-power engine, and has a pumping capacity of 720 
 gallons per minute. The engine room is located upon the Wapsipinicon. The 
 reservoir is upon the hill between the main part of town and the river. It is 
 built of brick, and has a capacity of 100,000 gallons. The engine is ordina- 
 rily in use about three times per week, and is not kept in motion more than three 
 or four hours at a time. The reservoir being seventy-five feet above Main street, 
 the pressure is sufficient in case of fire to throw a stream of water over the 
 highest building. The most inflammable fuel is kept at the engine-house, and 
 the engine can be put in operation in eighteen minutes after an alarm of 
 fire occurs. The pressure is then increased, and may be carried to 210 pounds 
 to the square inch. 
 
 The Company have laid one and three-fourth miles of street mains, and have 
 seven fire-plugs or hydrants. In addition to those on Main street already men- 
 tioned, others are located on the corners of Ford and First streets, Garnavillo and 
 Carroll, and at Doan's Mills. The Company supply water to the State Peni- 
 tentiary, one of the railroads, and to some forty-five private consumers. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Few cities of the size can boast of a more thoroughly equipped organization 
 for protection against the ravages of fire than can the city of Anamosa. 
 
 The great conflagration on the 14th of February, 1875, convinced the citi- 
 zens of the necessity of some provisions to protect themselves against a 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 455 
 
 repetition of such a sad catastrophe. Accordingly, on the 21st of July of that 
 year the City Council passed an ordinance authorizing the formation of a 
 fire department. 
 
 A meeting of citizens on the 8d of August, 1875, resulted in the organiza- 
 tion of three fire companies under the provisions of the ordinance. 
 
 At present, the equipments of the different companies are furnished at the 
 expense of the city, although it required some time to convince the Council of 
 the wisdom of such a provision. 
 
 The present officers of the Fire Department are : J. H. Williams, Chief 
 Engineer ; E. M. Harvey, First Assistant ; George L. Yount, Second Assistant. 
 
 Hose ComiJany, No. 1 — John G. Cudworth, Foreman ; L. G. Clark and G. 
 S. Peet, Assistants ; S. I. Williams, Secretary ; Charles Carter, Treasurer ; 
 number of members, twenty-two. 
 
 Hose Company, No. 2 — John I. Van Ness, Foreman ; W, J. Pavey, 
 Assistant; E. M. Stickney, Secretary and Treasurer; number of members, 
 twenty-two. 
 
 Hook and Ladder Company — L. C. Aldrich, Foreman ; Frank Fisher, 
 Assistant; B. Dott, Secretary and Treasurer; number of members, thirty-five. 
 
 Owing to the provisions for the use of hydrants of the Water- Works Com- 
 pany, an engine company is unnecessary. No fire has occurred since the 
 organization of the Fire Department, within the reach of water, but that the 
 same has been under control in a very short time. The entire business portion 
 of the city is in comparative safety. 
 
 FIRES. 
 
 With one exception, Anamosa has been fortunate in not being seriously 
 affected as the result of the ravages of the fire fiend. 
 
 On Saturday morning, March 27, 1869, a fire broke out in the blacksmith 
 and wagon shop of Cook & Ragan, and the building was entirely destroyed. 
 The loss was about $1,200. partly insured. 
 
 On Friday night, April 26, 1872, the barn of Mrs. Isabella Hollenbeck, 
 built at a cost of |4,00<), was destroyed by fire. The barn was insured for 
 $2,000. In the barn were three horses and a sewing machine wagon belong- 
 ing to J. P. Craig. They were burned with the barn ; no insurance. 
 
 On the 9th of June, 1872, fire did some damage to the residence of Mr. 
 I. C. Lusk, injuring the building to the amount of about $100, and also damag- 
 ing the library of Mr. L. considerably. 
 
 Again on the 13th of the same month, fire destroyed the blacksmith-shop 
 and storeroom of D. C. Tice. A. S. Atkinson's shop adjoining was also destroyed. 
 Some damage was done to another building of Mr. Tice and its contents. The 
 following were the losses : D. C. Tice, loss $2,000, insured for $700; A. S. 
 Atkinson, $3,000, insured for $1,500 ; Fred Simons, $150, no insurance ; 
 other parties, $200, no insurance. 
 
 Again, July 10, 1872, the barn of Samuel Brunskill was burned. There 
 was an insurance of $200. The frame of this barn was built by G. H. Ford, 
 in 1841, and was probably the first frame barn built in the county. 
 
 A number of small fires occurred between the above date and the 14th of 
 February, 1875, when the "big fire of Anamosa" destroyed about $12,000 
 worth of property. 
 
 The 14th of February, 1875, was Sunday. In the morning, at half-past 
 1, wild cries of '• Fire ! fire !" broke upon the stillness of the night, the 
 
456 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Congregational bell re-echoed the dreadful alarm, and in a few minutes hundreds 
 of citizens were rushing in the direction of the lurid light of roaring and crack- 
 ling flames bursting out of what was formerly known as the old " Court House 
 building," occupied by A. N. Dennison, dealer in boots and shoes, and Emory 
 Perfect, grocery dealer. There was only a slight breeze from the northwest, 
 but the headway which the fire had attained and the combustible nature of the 
 wooden buildings filling the space between the Union Block, corner of Main 
 and Ford streets, on the west, and Frank Fisher's Block, at the foot of Booth 
 street, on the east, rendered it almost impossible for the citizens to avail any- 
 thing against the devouring flames. Not a dollar's worth of Dennison's stock 
 of boots and shoes was saved. A few tools were snatched from the work-shop, 
 by the way of the back door. Loss on the building, $1,000, insured for $500 ; 
 loss on stock, $3,000, insured for $1,000. Mr. Dennison had added stock to 
 the amount of $800, only the week before. A new safe, containing about $500 
 in greenbacks and Mr. Dennison's account-books, was badly damaged, but the 
 money and books were found all right the next day. A fine line of samples 
 belonging to W. E. Moss, of Balch & Co., boot and shoe dealers, Lyons, valued 
 at $400, had been left in Mr. Dennison's store and was destroyed. W. L. Story 
 also lost tools to the amount of $10. 
 
 Four barrels of kerosene oil and a lot of boxes were hurriedly removed from 
 the back room of Emory Perfect's grocery, but nothing else was saved. Loss 
 on stock, $1,400, insured for $1,000. The building was the property of Col. 
 W. T. Shaw, was valued at $1,200 and was an entire loss. 
 
 The next building on the east belonged to C. L. Holcomb, and was occupied 
 by A. E. Parady, boot and shoe maker. Mr. Parady lost nearly everything. 
 Value of building, $500. Mr. Parady's loss was $300. 
 
 Mr. Holcomb was also the owner of the adjoining building, occupied by D. 
 H. Kelly as a barber-shop. Loss on building, $300. Mr. Kelly's fixtures were 
 nearly all saved, and his loss was but small. 
 
 Next came the post-office building, owned by B. L. Matson. Lew Kinert, 
 the clerk, was sleeping in the office, and by reason of this fact the valuables 
 were saved. Mr. Coe, the Postmaster, lost about $50. The building was val- 
 ued at $600, and insured for $400. Messrs. G. W. Strode & Son, jewelers, in 
 post-office building, lost $125, mostly in tools. 
 
 Still the flames swept onward, and A. H. Sherman's harness-shop went next. 
 His stock and tools were saved with a loss of about $75. The building was 
 owned by H. C. Metcalf, and valued at $800 ; no insurance. 
 
 J. Rhodes, the confectioner, was the next victim. He had recently repaired 
 his building and placed therein a new stock of confectionery, canned goods, gro- 
 ceries, etc. The goods were removed, but not without damage. Mr. Rhodes' loss 
 on building and contents reached $1,000. In the second story lived Mrs. Gause 
 and daughter. A piano, in being carried down, fell and was badly damaged. 
 Loss on piano and household eifects estimated at $1,000. Mr. Rhodes' build- 
 ing was razed to the ground, in the hope of stopping the course of the 
 scorching tonojues of flame ; but this seemed hopeless, and it Avas finally decided 
 that the next building, belonging to Joseph Moore, must also come down, as it 
 abutted against Frank Fisher's brick block, and there was danger anticipated 
 from the heat and flames breaking and entering the glass front. But the fire 
 had been raging two hours or more, and the masses of snow in the rear and in 
 the adjacent gutter on Main street were rapidly melting and afforded consider- 
 able water. Water was dashed on by lines of men in front and rear, and 
 finally the flames were under control. Mr. Moore's building was scorched 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 457 
 
 some, and otherwise damaged to the amount of $400, before the onward march 
 of the flames could be checked. In this building was the law office of King 
 & Dietz, but their books, etc., were removed with but small damage. In the 
 second story resided Mrs. S. Thomas and a little daughter, the former being 
 confined to her room by sickness. They were safely transferred to other quar- 
 ters, and their household goods saved with but little damage. Slingerland & 
 Son, painters, occupied a room in this building, and suff'ered a small loss. 
 
 R. A. Markham, dealer in sewing machines, and Markham & Burgess, 
 dealers in organs, etc., suffered a small loss by the fire. Mr. A. Heitchen also 
 suffered a loss of about $75. The total loss by the conflagration was $12,000. 
 Total insurance, $2,900. The origin of the fire was unknown. 
 
 The people had been discussing the propriety of organizing a Fire Depart- 
 ment, and the fire gave an impetus to that subject which that resulted in the 
 formation of three Fire Companies. 
 
 STONE QUARRIES NEAR ANAMOSA. 
 
 The great economic value of these quarries deserves special mention. 
 Those first opened to any considerable extent are upon the Buffalo, about two 
 miles from Anamosa. They were first opened about twenty-five years ago, or 
 in 1853, when stone was taken out to build what has been known ever since as 
 Fisher's Mill, a grist-mill on the Buffalo, about a mile from the town. About 
 that time, John Burheim, familiarly known as " Dutch John," bought a tract of 
 land of 120 acres, and soon after commenced quarrying stone upon it, and this 
 has been his chief employment ever since. During the time that has elapsed, 
 he has taken out thousands of wagon loads of stone, furnishing for railroads, 
 building purposes in Anamosa and surrounding country. He has also fur- 
 nished large quantities of lime from this quarry. Eighty acres of this tract 
 have recently been purchased by the State, and the Chicago and North-Western 
 Railway Company have just completed an extension of their road to these 
 quarries ; and the State is now at work, with convicts, taking out stone for the 
 Penitentiary. In the month of September and fourteen days in October 
 (1879), Mr. A. E. Martin, the Warden, informs the writer, there were taken out 
 sixty-seven car-loads, at a valuation of $2,023.40, more than twice paying for 
 the eighty acres purchased by the State, in forty-four days. The stone for the 
 completion of the Penitentiary will be largely taken from these quarries. 
 
 J. A. Green, Dr. Clark Joslin and others own land in this locality, that is 
 underlaid by stone presumably as good as any ; and, now that railroad facilities 
 are furnished, will most likely be developed at no distant day. 
 
 On the Wapsipinicon River, about two miles west from Anamosa, on the 
 old Dubuque & Southwestern Raih-oad, is a quarry that was operated some 
 years ago by Krause, Shaw, Weaver & Co. They took out a large amount of 
 stone and shipped to different parts of the State. They also manufactured a 
 considerable quantity of lime ; but stone found elsewhere proved to make a 
 better article, and it was discontinued. This quarry is the first one bought by 
 the State, and the State commenced taking out stone in 1872. From Mr. A. 
 E. Martin, we obtained the following figures. The number of car loads of 
 stone taken out from 1872 to 1879, is as follows : 1872, 218 car loads ; 1873, 
 226 car loads ; 1874, 337 car loads ; 1875, 221 car loads ; 1876, 304 car 
 loads ; 1877, 130 car loads ; 1878, 384 car loads ; 1879 to May, 224 car loads ; 
 total, 2,044 car loads; average value per car load, $16.28, making a total value 
 of $33,376.32; total from both quarries, 2,111 car loads, with an aggregate 
 
458 HISTORY OF JONES COUxXTV. 
 
 value of ^35,297.72. Besides this, the State has sold quite a large quantity 
 of stone, but we were unable to secure the exact figures. The stone of this 
 quarry is not exhausted by any means ; but it requires so much more stripping 
 that, for the present, other places furnish stone with less expense in this 
 respect. With the above figures, it will be seen that the State has some sub- 
 stantial advantages in having the Penitentiary located so near this building 
 material. 
 
 As we pass alor.g the Wapsipinicon, about one-fourth of a mile, we come to 
 the first quarry opened to any extent in this locality. It was opened by Henry 
 Dearborn, he having taken out stone here to build himself a dwelling in Ana- 
 mosa, also furnishing others for a like purpose. The quarry subsequently 
 passed into the hands of Haines & Lewis, Avho owned and operated it for many 
 years, making improvements in the way of building, etc., out of the stone taken 
 from the quarries. They opened at two or more localities, and took out vast 
 quantities of stone that went to different parts of the State. The quarries are 
 now owned and operated by Martin Heisey. 
 
 About a half-mile from these quarries, near the railroad bridge across the 
 Wapsipinicon, are the quarries owned by H. Dearborn, known as the " Stone 
 City Quarry," opened in 1869. Mr. Dearborn owns 120 acres, a large portion 
 being quarry land. He has shipped 500 car loads in the past year, and an 
 average of 250 car loads for the years previous. He has furnished stone for 
 the State Blind As^^um at Vinton ; Insane Asylum, at Independence ; Gov- 
 ernment Works, at Rock Island, and many buildings in Cedar Rapids and other 
 places in the State. Mr. Dearborn has erected for himself a fine residence at 
 this place, and is the Postmaster of " Stone City" Post Office. 
 
 We now cross the railroad bridge over the Wapsipinicon, and a short walk 
 brings us to the famous " Champion Quarries," owned and operated by J. A. 
 Green, consisting of over thirty acres, more than two-thirds of it quarry. Mr. 
 Green opened this quarry in 1868, and can furnish stone in any desired form 
 or shape, either rough, or dressed and polished. In 1876, he put in a machine, 
 run by an engine, called a rubber, for the purpose of polishing stone. The 
 height of this quarry, from where be commenced to the top of where he is now 
 at work, is some eighty or ninety feet. For the years 1878 and 1879, he has 
 shipped 2,000 car loads per year ; the other nine years, the average production 
 has been 800 car loads. Mr. Green has furnished large ({uantities of stone 
 for the Governm.ent Works at Rock Island ; Insane Asylum, Independence ; 
 Deaf and Dumb Asylum, at Council Bluffs; Anamosa Penitentiary, railroad 
 companies, etc. In fact, he has furnished stone at points from Chicago to 
 Dakota, from Minnesota to Nebraska, and some to Wisconsin. 
 
 Mr. Webb has a (|uarry a little further west, that has been worked for many 
 years and has furnished some very excellent stone. 
 
 The quarries mentioned are the principal ones worked. Many more may 
 be developed in the near future, and the supply is considered by good judges 
 absolutely inexhaustible. 
 
 THE PIONEER TOBACCO RAISER OF IOWA. 
 
 Mr. N. S. Noble, of Anamosa, may properly be styled the pioneer tobacco raiser 
 of the State of Iowa. He is said to be the first to engage in the cultivation of the 
 tobacco-plant to any considerable extent, and the first who has made a success 
 in the business. Mr. Noble ^Yas born and raised in Massachusetts, and early 
 taught how to cultivate the tobacco-plant. From there he emigrated to Jones 
 
HISTOHY OF JONES COUNTV. 459 
 
 County in 1855. In 1857 he was elected and served as Sheriff of the county 
 one term. Soon after arriving in the county, he purchased some ground and 
 began to raise tobacco. From that time to this, he has been engaged in the 
 business. One of the greatest hindrances to a success in the business has 
 been to overcome the prejudice against Western tobacco in the markets of the 
 East. By a careful attention to securing quality and not quantity, Mr. Noble 
 has succeeded in making his tobacco sell in their markets at the same prices as 
 the products of the tobacco raisers of the East. In 1875 Mr. Noble associated 
 with himself his nephew, Mr. George Noble, who was likewise educated to the 
 business, and the two have continued the business together since that time. 
 
 They have under cultivation twenty-nine acres of land, one-half only being 
 in use at a time. After two, or at most three crops, the half in use is set 
 aside and seeded to clover and timothy, and the other half brought into requi- 
 sition for tobacco raising. The crop of grass, the last year before using for 
 tobacco, is plowed under, and thus the land is kept in a good state of cultiva- 
 tion. This is without doubt the cause of the success of Messrs. Noble. They 
 do not exhaust the resources of their land and then expect to get good crops 
 without restoring the fertility of the soil. 
 
 Their house for curing tobacco is a frame building 204x36 feet, with 
 14-foot posts, erected with special reference to good ventilation. The amount 
 of the crop raised each year is about twelve tons. 
 
 They have devoted some attention to manufacturing here — at one time the 
 whole crop, and more or less each year — but the major part is usually kept 
 over one year and then sold in the Eastern markets. 
 
 Through the influence of the success of Messrs. Noble, others have been 
 induced to cultivate the tobacco-plant, and its cultivation promises to make 
 tobacco an important product of Jones County. 
 
 LIQUOR CONFISCATION. 
 
 As is well known, under the statutes of the State of Iowa, no license is 
 granted to sell, as a beverage, any spirituous or fermented liquors, except 
 native wines and lager beer. For a time, it was surmised by many that 
 the statutes were being violated in this particular at Anamosa, as they knew 
 they were in other parts of the State. 
 
 On Wednesday, March 1, 1871, at the above place. Sheriff" Crane and 
 Deputies P. 0. Babcock and S. D. Parks, with several assistants, made a con- 
 certed descent upon five saloons, for the purpose of searching for whisky, 
 brandy and other liquors condemned as beverages by the statute. The " raid " 
 was successfully planned and as successfully carried out. 
 
 At each saloon, more or less " contraband beverages " were found and duly 
 confiscated. The result was salutary, and the effect of its influence felt for a 
 long time. 
 
 MARRIAGE INCIDENT. 
 
 The second marriage at Anamosa was that of a couple who ran away to 
 get married. The young lady was the daughter of Clement Russell, who lived 
 at Fairview. The young man was a tailor who happened to be living at Rus- 
 sell's for a short time, and the young couple met, fell in love and resolved to 
 be married. One Sunday morning they came on foot to Anamosa (then only one 
 house, belonging to G. H. Ford ; the house, the one built by E. Booth, who 
 sold it to Ford), and the Justice, Lathrop Olmstead, was there, and out in the 
 
460 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 road, ten rods or more from the house, Lathrop married them. The parents of 
 the young lady were incensed, and the newly married pair took their departure 
 for Illinois. 
 
 EDMUND BOOTH. 
 
 To write the history of Anamosa and omit the name of Edmund Booth, 
 would be to do injustice to a man of rare intelligence, extended information, 
 broad and liberal culture, Avith clear and concise opinions on all important 
 questions, and one whose long public life of industry and usefulness has extended 
 over the entire period from the time of the early settlement of the county to the 
 present moment, and one whose voice, directly or indirectly, has been heard on 
 almost every question affecting the administration of the public affairs of the 
 county, and one whose unflinching integrity has secured for him the full and com- 
 plete confidence of all who know him, and which has made him an oracle one very 
 disputed point in the early history of the county. In fine, to write the his- 
 tory of Jones County, particularly that portion pertaining to Fairview Town- 
 ship, with the name of Edmund Booth omitted, would be as unsatisfactory as 
 " the play of Hamlet with the Prince of Denmark left out." 
 
 A short biographical history is pre-eminently appropriate. 
 
 Edmund Booth was born at Springfield, Mass., on the 24th day of August, 
 1810. At the age of four years, he suffered an attack of that terrible disease, 
 spotted fever, and, although his friends despaired of his recovery for a long 
 time, the strong constitution inherited from his ancestors, who were of Eng- 
 lish and Scotch extraction, enabled him to survive the fever, but not 
 without the loss of hearing and left eye. For a time, he was almost 
 wholly deaf, and at the age of eight, his hearing was totally gone, and 
 he has been entirely deaf from that time. It is owing to this fact that 
 the life of Mr. Booth is so remarkable. Despite the loss of hearing, he 
 continued to be able to speak for a time, quite well, and still is able to artic- 
 ulate so well as to be understood by those accustomed to hear him. It is with 
 the pen, however, that he mostly makes known his opinions and purposes. His 
 boyhood was spent on the farm at home. At the age of seventeen, he entered 
 the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford, Conn., and graduated there 
 four years later, and was appointed a tutor in the Institution. Remained in the 
 capacity of teacher seven years. In 1830, he resigned, and moved to this State. 
 Next year, in partnership with Col. David Wood, a brother-in-law who had 
 then just arrived, built the first house at Dartmouth, and the first frame house 
 in the county. In the winter following, Col. Wood died. The lands on all 
 sides being included in the Mill Company's claim, Mr. Booth moved to the 
 prairie near Russell's, and secured forty acres for a farm. 
 
 In 1841, he was elected by popular vote County Recorder, receiving all the 
 votes in three out of four precincts, those of the Fourth, Farm Creek, being 
 given to John E. Lovejoy. Was elected a second time two years later, and a 
 third time, two years after that. In the middle of the third term, he retired, 
 the Legislature having so changed the law as to unite the offices of Recorder and 
 Treasurer in one person. Was nominated to the dual office, but declined. In 
 the spring of 1849, went with the great overland emigration to California, his 
 family remaining behind. Succeeded in California, and returned early in 1854. 
 Opened another farm in Cass Township, but resided in Anamosa. In 1856, 
 the Eureka was established, as described elsewhere, and he has since been on that 
 paper, at first as editor, and afterward proprietor. Mr. Booth came West with 
 little save a trunk full of books and one of clothing, his prosperity being the 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 461 
 
 result of industry and good management. Previous to the establishment of a 
 post office (Pamaho, a mile west of Russell's), he was in the practice of going on 
 foot to Edinburg, and afterward to Rome for mail. Always returned with 
 hands and pockets full of papers, and was always a subscriber of leading 
 Eastern journals until the establishment of the Eureka. 
 
 The part taken by Mr. Booth in conjunction with the Eureka is related 
 elsewhere. The leading editorials have mostly been from his pen, and he has 
 ever spoken Avith no uncertain sound. At the outbreak of the late civil war, 
 Mr. Booth placed himself squarely and unequivocally on the side of loyalty to 
 the General Government, and bravely battled for the preservation of the 
 Union, doing as effective service as any one on the battle-field. 
 
 His leaders compare, many of them, favorably with those of the leading 
 metropolitan papers of the country. 
 
 Mr. Booth, now sixty-nine years old, is hale and hearty, and is as bravely 
 battling in the warfare of life as at any time heretofore. His industry, skill and 
 unfaltering perseverance, make him a glorious example of a true and genuine 
 specimen of a Western man. 
 
 MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This township, named after the home of Jefferson, is one of the northern 
 tier of townships of the county, east of Castle Grove, the northwest 
 township. The South Fork of the Maquoketa River enters the township 
 near the northwest corner, runs diagonally across, and leaves the town- 
 ship some two miles north of the southeast corner. The Kitty Creek, a 
 stream of considerable importance, enters the township from the south and 
 unites with the Maquoketa near the city of Monticello. By means of these 
 two streams and- others flowing into them, the toAvnship is well watered, and 
 water-power, for mill purposes, furnished the inhabitants. 
 
 Along the Maquoketa there is a generous supply of good timber, about one- 
 fourth of the area of the township being timber-land. There are also a number 
 of flourishing artificial groves in different parts of the township. The balance 
 of the surface is mostly of the very best prairie land, and well settled and 
 improved by intelligent and industrious farmers. The farmhouses are good, 
 and the township makes a fine display of large and commodious bai'ns. At 
 sundry places is found an abundance of stone, and a number of quarries opened, 
 which supply the wants of the people for ordinary uses, though the quality of 
 the stone is much inferior to that furnished by the quarries near Anamosa. 
 Dimension stone is usually obtained at the latter quarries. The farmers have 
 supplied themselves with the modern improvements in husbandry, and a num- 
 ber of cheese-factories and creameries are in a flourishing condition in different 
 parts of the township. 
 
 The following were among the early settlers outside the city of Monticello, 
 the metropolis of the township : David Ralston, John Stevenson, F. M. Hicks, 
 Z. Farwell, Robert A. Rynerson, A. H. Marvin, W. H. Walworth, John 
 Clark, Chauncey Mead, George George, William Clark, Curtis Stone, John 
 White, Asa C. Bowen and others. 
 
462 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 EARLY HISTORY. 
 
 The following in reference to the early history of Monticello is largely com- 
 piled from the writings of John Blanchard, editor of the Monticello Express, 
 and from the *• History of the City," written by M. M. Moulton, Mayor of 
 Monticello for the year 1869, published the same year by G. W. Hunt, editor 
 of the Express at that time. 
 
 The fall of the year 1836, forty-three years ago, Daniel Varvel and William 
 Clark made the first settlement upon the present site of Monticello. Young 
 and hopeful, they had pushed far away from the settlements to the outer verge 
 of civilization, to make their fortunes and found for themselves new homes. 
 
 The scene spread out before the sturdy pioneers was one of surpassing love- 
 liness. It was that of a fertile wilderness, instinct with beauty and pregnant 
 with promise. The wide prairies " stretching in airy undulations faraway." 
 their sunny ridges and fertile slopes glowing beneath the brilliancy of the 
 autumn sky, the beautiful Maquoketa and the smaller, but not less beautiful 
 Kitty Creek, gliding beneath the overshadowing bluffs, and bordered with 
 forests, upon the foliage of which the early frosts had spilled their golden stain. 
 Tt was as the Garden of Eden lapsed into primeval wilderness and solitude, with 
 no man to till the soil. Those were among the times of frontier life that 
 characterized the settlement of this vast region between the Mississippi and 
 Missouri Rivers. Those times that tried men's souls are, for the most part, 
 passed away. The trail of the Indian no longer marks the native prairie, 
 and the smoke of the wigwam is no more seen along our bluffs. No more will 
 the twang of the bow-string or the crack of the rifle startle the solitude of the 
 wilderness ; tor a new race and a greater civilization have come in. We question 
 if it entered into the anticipations of the pioneers, Varvel and Clark, that 
 before they passed the prime of life, they would see spring up in that primitive 
 wilderness a flourishing little city, with busy streets, imposing business blocks, 
 elegant private residences, railroads, telegraph, mills, and all the elements and 
 evidences of an enterprising and groAving community. 
 
 By the time the winter had set in, Varvel and Clark Avere comfortably 
 lodged for the season in a log cabin, prepared to bid defiance to tempest and 
 frost, to savage and wild beasts. The entire winter was spent in lonely and 
 monotonous seclusion ; but as both were experienced and ardent hunters, and 
 game plentiful, it is to be presumed that their situation was not without its com- 
 pensation. We venture to say they were not likely to forget their first winter's 
 experience in what is now the rich and flourishing county of Jones, then an 
 inhospitable and wild region. 
 
 Mr. Varvel was a native of the State of Kentucky, and Mr. Clark of Ohio. 
 Both men worked for some time in the lead mines in the vicinity of Dubuque, 
 before locating here. Early in the folloAving spring, 1837, Richard South set- 
 tled here, his wife, who accompanied him, he'mg the first woman who came to 
 soften the rude hardships of frontier life with domestic comfort and home-feel- 
 ing that only Avoman's gentle presence can bestOAv. 
 
 During "the summer following, T. J. Peak, B, Beardsley, James McLaugh- 
 lin and Thomas Galligan moved hitherAvard, settling in this vicinity. The first 
 breaking was done this year, Mr. Varvel being the first man to upturn the 
 virgin soil of the rich prairie land in this section. 
 
 During the summer of 1838, T. J. Peak Avas married to Miss Rebecca M. 
 Beardsley, this being the first marriage solemnized in the young colony, and 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 463 
 
 t]\e first in the county. In that early day, circumstances and conditions were 
 far from favorable to those who would a-marrying go. Obstacles were to be 
 overcome, such as the devotees at the shrine of Hymen, in these later times of 
 easy marriages — and equally easy divorces — little dream of In this case, the 
 ardent bridegi'oom was compelled to journey to Sugar Creek, in Cedar County, 
 a distance of sixty-five miles, to procure a license. Mr. Peak is an honored 
 citizen of Monticello still, and both he and his excellent wife now rejoice in the 
 results of their early labors. 
 
 On the 7th of December, 1838, a preliminary meeting was held at the house 
 of Barrett Whittemore, of Bowen's Prairie, to consider the best method of securing 
 a regular county organization. The object of the meeting was not, however, 
 accomplished until the 24th of January, 1839. 
 
 In the same year, 1839, occurred a noteworthy episode in the his- 
 tory of the settlement, or, as Artemus Ward would have said, "two episodes." 
 We refer to the birth of twins in the family of Mr. Richard South, already 
 mentioned. The children were of opposite sexes, healthy and promising, and 
 their advent was considered, under all circumstances, a happy omen, auguring 
 a rapid growth and gratifying prosperity for the little colony. In this year, 
 also, the first contract for carrying the mail between Dubuque and Iowa City, 
 via Monticello, was secured by Hon. Ansel Briggs, who afterward became the 
 first Governor of Iowa upon its admission to the sisterhood of States. By this 
 route, settlers occasionally received intelligence from the outside world, but 
 the place had not yet attained the distinction of a post office, and ttie mail was dis- 
 tributed directly from the pocket of the carrier. 
 
 In the year 1840, Daniel Varvel was married to Margaret E. Beardsley. 
 This was after the organization of the county. Near the same time, Edmund 
 Booth was married to Miss Mary A. Walworth. There were but three marriages 
 in the county during the year, the third being that of a Mr. Dawson. 
 
 The first post office was established here in 1841, and William Clark was 
 appointed Postmaster. Monticello was particularly favored in the matter of 
 mail facilities, considering its tender age, there being a weekly mail from 
 Dubuque to Iowa City, the latter at the time the capital of the Territory of 
 Iowa. The seat of government was located there in 1839, by the commission- 
 ers appointed by the Territorial Legislature to make the selection. It was in 
 1841 that Mr. James Skelly moved into the settlement. During the year 
 1839, the famous highway known as the "military road," was surveyed, built 
 and bridged, and put into excellent condition, entirely at the expense of the 
 national Government. (The completion of the work took one or two years.) 
 During the year 1844^ Frink & Walker, the great stage firm, put on a four-horse 
 daily coach between Dubuque and Iowa City. In the year 1849, the first doctor, 
 W. B. Selder, of Indiana, came and settled in Monticello. The first schoolhouse 
 was erected in the year 1849, the lumber being hauled from Dubuque, and the house 
 built by five of the leading citizens, to wit: Daniel Varvel, John Stevenson, 
 Joseph Clark, Dr. W. B. Selder and George Gassett. Of these, Stevenson and 
 Gassett are dead. Dr. Selder lives at Webster City, and Daniel A'arvel lives in 
 Woodbury County, Iowa. The first blacksmith-shop was started in 1852, by 
 a Mr. Dunlap. From that date to 1854, the settlement grew apace. Men of 
 intelligent foresight and enterprise were added to the rapidly increasing popu- 
 lation. The county, which, in the year 1838, had but 241 inhabitants, in 1854 
 numbered 6,075. In the year 1853, Monticello may be said to have begun its 
 existence as a separate and distinct community, though previous to this time, it 
 had become a village of some note and considerable promise. The credit of 
 
464 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 organizing, i. e., first platting the village into town lots, laying off streets, 
 etc., belongs to G. H. Walworth and Daniel Varvel. 
 
 The village at the time of which we write, was located along the military 
 road, considerably east of the site at present occupied by the business portion. 
 
 D. S. Dewey moved to Monticello from Waukegan, III., this year, and com- 
 menced the erection of a dam and saw-mill, adjoining the site now occupied by 
 the East Monticello Grist-Mills. This year, also, A. Holston built the Monti- 
 cello House, and John W. Moore opened a small store. The original plat con- 
 tained sixty-three lots, Mr. James Finton, now deceased, becoming the pur- 
 chaser of Lot No. 1. The price of lots at the time was but a small portion of 
 what is now asked and received. During the year 1855, T. C. West erected 
 a building for the sale of dry goods, groceries, and such general merchandise 
 as is required in a country store. In the summer of the same year, John Tabor 
 was made the first Justice of the Peace, he receiving his commission from the County 
 Judge. In this year, also, Dewey's saw-mill was burned. In 1856, D. C. 
 Quimby was appointed the first Notary Public. In 1857, the first wagon-shop 
 was started by Frank Reiger. Changes were going on continually and the town 
 was rapidly growing in importance and repute. The year 1858 was one of the 
 most memorable in the history of the embryo city. It was during this jear that 
 the question of building the Dubuque & South Western Railroad was first 
 brought before the enterprising, wideawake, and far-seeing business men, 
 to whose industry and intelligent forethought Monticello owes much of its 
 present prosperity and importance. The most liberal and substantial support 
 was accorded the important project, and through the energy and spirit of the 
 people along the route through the county, it was pushed actively forward, so 
 that the work was actually begun in the same year in which the enterprise was 
 first suggested to the people. As will be readily supposed, the inauguration of 
 such an enterprise, and the sure prospect of the speedy opening of a public 
 thoroughfare of such inestimable value and importance gave a wonderful 
 impetus to the town. Immediately, a new addition to the town was sur- 
 veyed and platted, called the Railroad Addition. Lots were taken with 
 astonishing rapidity and at figures largely in advance of former prices. 
 New buildings were erected in all directions; a lumber-yard was started 
 by J. L. Davenport; work was begun upon East Monticello Flouring-Mills, 
 by Mr. Dewey, already mentioned; the township was organized into a school 
 district, under the school law cf the State; Monticello Lodge, No. 117, 
 I. 0. 0. F., was instituted; activity was the order, "go-ahead" the w^atch- 
 word, pride in the town and perfect faith in its future, the prevailing senti- 
 ments of the day. 
 
 The year 1859 was signalized by the completion of the railroad to this 
 point. Trains, however, did not commence to run regularly across the bridge 
 until the next year, the first freight being delivered in the month of January, 
 1860, in the shape of several car loads of lumber. This event was rendered 
 additionally noteworthy by the arrival of a class of emigrants whose introduc- 
 tion could very easily have been dispensed with. We refer to the rats which 
 were brought from Dubuque in those freight cars, the first of that long-tailed, 
 troublesome species of the genus " varmint " ever seen in Monticello. The 
 main part of the old school building was erected that year. Fred Grassmeyer 
 started the first tin-shop in the basement of a dwelling-house on Main street. 
 Peak & Hogg opened a dry-goods store west of the railroad and near the depot. 
 The first grain warehouse was erected this year by E. B. Kinsella & Bro. C. 
 
 E. Wales also came on and opened a dry-goods store in company with William 
 
KJ 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 467 
 
 Merriam. In August of this year, the first attorney, A. J. Monroe, Esq., 
 settled in Monticello. lie is now City Attorney. 
 
 The prosperity of the town was now assured — changes were frequent and 
 the population rapidly increasing. In 1864, Bradstreet's Addition was laid 
 out and platted, July 7, with fifty-nine lots ; Turck's Addition, platted October 
 6, with forty-six lots. During this year, M. M. Moulton built the first exclu- 
 sively brick building, 503 First street. In 1866, Varvel's Addition was platted, 
 with twenty-eight lots, making in all 275 lots in the city. 
 
 On the 17th of September, 1867, Monticello was incorporated as a city, 
 under the general incorporation laws of the State. 
 
 OFFICIAL ROSTER. 
 
 1867— Mayor, S. Y. Bradstreet ; Recorder, F. J. Tryon ; Treasurer, C. E. 
 Wales ; Marshal, E, L. Gregg. Councilmen — S. R. Howard, N. P. Starks, 
 P. 0. Babcock, J. L. Davenport, C. E. Wales. 
 
 1868 — Mayor, S. Y. Bradstreet; Recorder, C. W. Gurney ; Treasurer, 
 S. R. Howard ; Marshal, H. G. Buel ; Street Commissioner, L. H. Warriner ; 
 City Attorney, M. W. Herrick. Councilmen — P. O. Babcock, M. R. Gurney, 
 S. G. Frost, S. R. Howard, Fred Grassmeyer. 
 
 1869 — Mayor, M. M. Moulton; Recorder, C. W. Gurney; Treasurer, I. 
 L. Simington ; Marshal, D. F. Magee ; Street Commissioner, Simon Chamber- 
 lin ; City Attorney, A. J. Monroe. Councilmen — S. R. Howard, John 0. Duer, 
 G. W. Condon, A. W. Hibbard, H. H. Starks. 
 
 1870 — Mayor, M. M. Moulton ; Recorder, C. W. Gurney ; Treasurer, I. L. 
 Simington ; Marshal, D. F. Magee ; Street Commissioner, S. Chamberlin ; 
 Assessor, G. S. Eastman ; City Attorney, A. J. Monroe. Councilmen — John 
 0. Duer, A. W. Hibbard, L. Palmer, G. W. Condon, S. R. Howard. 
 
 1871 — Mayor, George W. Lovell ; Recorder, C. W. Gurney ; Treasurer, M. 
 L. Carpenter; Marshal, S. Jewett; Street Commissioner, L.H. Warriner; Asses- 
 sor, G. S. Eastman ; City Attorneys, Monroe & Moulton. Councilmen — S. R. 
 Howard, L. Palmer, John Gibson, S. Y. Bradstreet, W. II. Proctor. 
 
 1872 — Mayor, G. W. Lovell ; Recorder, M. W. Herrick ; Treasurer, John 
 0. Duer ; Marshal, D. F. Magee ; Street Commissioner, S. Chamberlin ; 
 Assessor, G. S. Eastman ; Weighmaster, John Feehan ; City Attorneys, Mon- 
 roe & Moulton. Councilmen — H. D. Sherman, Otis Whittemore, F.J. Tryon, 
 W. H. Proctor, John A. Chandler. 
 
 1873— Mayor, C. E. Wales ; Recorder, H. M. Wright ; Treasurer, John 
 0. Duer; Marshal, P. J. Wright; Street Commissioner, J. S. Fuller; Assessor, 
 G. S. Eastman ; City Attorney, A. J. Monroe ; Weighmaster, W. Hogg. 
 Councilmen — W. H. Proctor, William Schodde, Matti'^oyes, B. Stuart, Cyrus 
 Langworthy. 
 
 1874 — Mayor, C. E. Wales; Recorder, R. P. Smith; Treasurer, C. Lang- 
 worthy ; Marshal, William Joslin ; St)-eet Commissioner, J. S. Fuller ; Asses- 
 sor, G. S. Eastman; City Attorney, A. J. Monroe; Weighmaster, S. Calkins. 
 Councilmen — S. R. Howard, T. J. Peak, John McConnon, Volney Hickok, 
 George Stuhler. 
 
 1875 — Mayor, G. W. Trumbull; Recorder, George H. Jacobs; Treasurer, 
 C. Langworthy; Marshal, P.J. Wright; Street Commissioner, S. Calkins;- 
 Assessor, G. S. Eastman ; City Attorneys, Monroe & Herrick ; Weighmaster, 
 J. G. Wood. Councilmen — B. F. Groesbeck, G. W. Garlock, John McCon- 
 non, T. J. Peak, F. J. Tryon. 
 
 I 
 
468 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 1876 — Mayor, H. D. Sherman ; Recorder, F. B. Bonniwell ; Treasurer, 
 Theodore Soetje ; Marshal, M. M. Moulton ; Street Commissioner, Norman 
 Starks ; Assessor, N. W. Austin ; City Attorney, M. W. Herrick ; Weigh- 
 master, J. G. Wood. Councilmen — A. R. Doxsee, T. A. King. John McCon- 
 non, S. R. Howard, H, L. Servoos. 
 
 1877 — Mayor, F. J. Tryon ; Recorder, C. W. Gurney ; Treasurer, Theo- 
 dore Soetje ; Marshal, M. M. Moulton ; Assessor, N. W. Austin ; Weigh- 
 master, J. G. Wood ; Street Commissioner, W. King ; City Attorney, M. W. 
 Herrick. Councilmen — John McConnon, H. L. Servoos, T. A. King, W. A. 
 Holston, C. A. Whiting. 
 
 1878 — Mayor, G. W. Garlock ; Recorder, C. W. Gurney ; Treasurer, L. 
 Palmer; Marslial, M. M. Moulton; Assessor, N. W. Austin ; Weighmaster, 
 J. G. Wood: Street Commissioner, W. King; City Attorney, M. W. Herrick. 
 Councilmen — B. D. Paine, S. Kahn, H. H. Starks, S. Y. Bradstreet, Isaac 
 Rigby. 
 
 1879 — Mayor, B. D. Paine: Recorder, J. R. Stillman; Treasurer, G. L. 
 Lovell; Marshal, M. M. Moulton; Street Commissioner, Ed. West; Assessor, 
 F. Burnight; Weighmaster, J. G. Wood; City Attorney, J. Q. Wing. Coun- 
 cilmen — S. E. Sarles, John McConnon, Fred Grassmeyer, W. A. Holston, F. 
 J. Tryon, N. W. Austin. 
 
 MONTICELLO IN 1879. 
 
 The flourishing little city of Monticello is situated near the geographical 
 center of the township of the same name, at the junction of Kitty Creek and 
 the South Fork of the Maquoketa River, and also at the junction of the 
 Dubuque k Southwestern and Davenport dfc Northern Railways. (The above 
 roads have recently been purchased and are now operated by the C, M. & St. 
 P. Company.) 
 
 A portion of the city is situated on the east side of the Maquoketa, and 
 called East Monticello. The Monticello Flouring-Mills, together with a small 
 number of dwellings, constitute the principal part of the city east of the river. 
 The site of the town on the west side is a remarkably delightful and pleasant 
 one. The surface is comparatively smooth and unbroken, just enough of 
 undulation to relieve the monotony of an entirely level surface. Fine farming 
 country stretches out in every direction from the town, and, with the water- 
 power furnished by the above streams, the advantages of the city are such as 
 to warrant a belief that its growth will continue for some time to come. The 
 " Diamond Creamery " of H. D. Sherman & Co., situated here, supplies a 
 long-felt want to the dairy interest of the farmers in this vicinity, and demon- 
 strates bv its growing importance that the people of an agricultural district 
 cannot afford to neglect this class of manufactories. Other manufacturing 
 interests are attracting attention, and some are already in operation. The city 
 is supplied with most excellent water from an artesian well, 1,192 feet deep, 
 and hydrants are found at all principal points. The water is pumped from the 
 well by a steam-engine, and carried to a reservoir nearly one hundred feet above 
 the railroad on the hill west of the town, and thence is conducted to all parts 
 of the city. With a well-organized fire company and an inexhaustible supply 
 of water, the danger from the ravages of fire can be but slight. 
 
 The display of elegant private residences, handsomely located, the numer- 
 ous commodious but less pretentious dwellings, the fine display of business 
 houses and the magnificent public-school building, with a number of neat and 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTF. 469 
 
 tasty church edifices, give to the city a very attractive appearance. The prin- 
 cipal streets are well macadamized with stone from the adjacent quarries ; the 
 walks on the main thoroughfares are broad and commodious, and the city wears 
 an air of permanence and prosperity. At present writing there are 3 news- 
 papers (one German), 1 graded school, o church edifices, 1 circulating library, 
 2 banks, 2 railroad offices, 7 dry-goods stores, 11 exclusively grocery stores, 4 
 drug and book stores, 3 hardware stores, 2 clothing stores, 2 merchant tailors, 
 4 restaurants and confectioneries, 4 flour and feed stores, 3 furniture stores, 3 
 undertakers, 3 millinery stores, 4 dress-making establishments, 1 business col- 
 lege, 1 tile manufiictory, 1 brickyard, 1 glove and mitten factory, 1 foundry, 
 2 machine-shops, 1 barb-wire factory, 1 broom and turkey-duster factory, 1 
 flouring-mill, 3 Avagon and carriage factories, 2 agricultural implement stores, 2. 
 lumber-yards, 2 art galleries, 2 news depots, 2 dealers in organs and sewing 
 machines, 3 jewelry stores, 2 harness-shops, 2 livery stables, 1 feed barn, 6 
 blacksmith-shops, 4 boot and shoe stores, 5 shoe-shops, 3 insurance offices, 3 
 meat markets, 2 barber-shops, 4 hotels, 1 creamery, 2 cooper-shops, 1 ice 
 dealer, 9 physicians, ') dentists, 6 lawyers, 2 auctioneers, 2 elevators, 3 grain 
 warehouses, 2 coalyards, 7 contractors and builders, 6 live-stock and grain 
 dealers, 3 tin-shops, 2 gunsmiths, 1 marble yard, 7 secret societies, 1 military 
 company, 1 fire company, 1 cemetery association, and 11 saloons. 
 
 The inhabitants are principally American, and number about two thousand. 
 The census of 1875 gives the population as less than one thousand, so that the 
 population has either very rapidly increased or the census of that year was 
 carelessly taken. The writer has been assured by several persons that the cen- 
 sus of that year was universally deemed inaccurate. 
 
 The citizens of Monticello are a live, wide-awake, enterprising appearing 
 people, and the town is decidedly Western in its characteristics. 
 
 EDUCATIOXAL. 
 
 No people have more deserved to secure the full benefits of the magnificent 
 public-school system vouchsafed to the inhabitants of the growing State of 
 Iowa, than have the enterprising citizens of the little city of Monticello. The 
 present school-building, with all its modern appointments, commands the atten- 
 tion and admiration of all who visit the town, and speaks volumes in testimony 
 to the enterprise and intelligence of the people of Monticello and vicinity. 
 The circulating library, the property of the Ladies' Library Association, is but 
 another proof of the literary taste and appreciation of the refining and cultur- 
 ing influences to be secured by reading the standard publications of the present 
 and past centuries. The liberality of the citizens in thus putting into the 
 hands of the young the means of securing a liberal education, is pre-eminently 
 praiseworthy, and for which unborn generations will rise up and bless the gen- 
 erosity of the founders of these enterprises. 
 
 The first schoolhouse was provided in 1849, thirty years ago. An okl 
 house standing outside of the present limits of the corporation was purchased 
 and moved into the village, and, with lumber hauled from Dubuque, modified 
 and changed into a schoolhouse. The building, though small, was sufficiently 
 commodious to answer the Avants of the growing generations until the year 
 1858, when the township was organized into a township school district, under 
 the new law, and another building was erected, in 1859, on the site of the nres- 
 ent one, 36 feet long bv 24 feet wide, and two stories hijrh. 
 
470 HISTORY OF JONKS COUNTV. 
 
 It was thought by some at the time to be wildly extravagant on the part of 
 the School Board to expend means so recklessly as in the erection of a build- 
 ing of such enormous proportions, and some there were who could see no use 
 to which the second story might be put. 
 
 Not many years elapsed until it Avas found that, with all the extravagant 
 expenditure, the building must be enlarged, to meet the growing wants of the 
 district. Additions were made from time to time, and the building made suflB- 
 ciently commodious to meet the demands of the school-going population, until 
 two years ago, when it was deemed necessary and advisable to erect a building of 
 sufficient capacity to meet the wants of the growing city for some time to come, 
 and at the same time, to make it a standing testimony of the architectural 
 taste and enterprise of the citizens. 
 
 The building erected is a magnificent structure, three stories high, and stands 
 on First street, with a frontage of seventy-eight feet. It also faces a north-and- 
 south street on the west, frontage sixty-eight feet. The school fronts on Grand 
 street. The lower story constitutes what is called the Opera House, and 
 is finished in an elegant manner. The auditorium is arranged in the form 
 of an amphitheater, the long circles of chairs, rising one above another, 
 afford the best facilities for seeing and hearing. The ceiling and walls are 
 richly frescoed, and a twenty-four-light chandelier in the center, with abun- 
 dant side-lamps, illuminates- the hall with a pleasing brilliancy. Four doors 
 open on the two streets, and the amphitheater, which is capable of seating 600 
 people, can be easily emptied in three or four minutes at most. 
 
 The second and third stories are for school purposes, containing eight rooms, 
 averaging about thirty-one feet square, and sufficient to accommodate 550 pupils. 
 The rooms are furnished with Andrews' improved single seats. The cost of the 
 building, entire, was about $17,000 ; furniture, $3,000. The bonds of the district 
 to the amount of $12,000, running ten years, at 10 per cent, were sold at a pre- 
 mium of 3 to 4 per cent. 
 
 The building is surmounted by a dome in which has been placed a town 
 clock, costing $625 complete. The entire structure wears an appearance of 
 solidity and harmonious elegance that does great credit to the architect and 
 the Board of School Directors. It is an enduring monument to the intel- 
 ligence, cultivated taste and liberality of the city and school district of Monti- 
 cello. 
 
 The following persons constituted the Board of Directors at the time of the 
 organization into a School District, in 1858: Sumner Hopkins, President ; 
 Lucian Rice, Vice President; W. H.Walworth, Secretary; S.J. Tucker, 
 Director Subdistrict No. 1 ; Michael Hofiicre, Director Subdistrict No. 2 ; A. 
 H. Marvin, Director Subdistrict No. 3 ; J. C. Lawrence, Director Subdis- 
 trict No. 4 ; Chauncey Mead, Treasurer. 
 
 By a vote of the people, the city of Monticello was made an independent 
 school district, in the 1877. 
 
 The following persons constitute the Board of Directors for the year 1879 : 
 Col. John 0. Duer, President pro tem ; R. P. Smith, Secretary ; Capt. M. L. 
 Carpenter, Treasurer ; H. D. Sherman, C. E. Wales, John McConnon, H. M. 
 Wright, ]\I. M. Moulton, Directors. 
 
 The following are the corps of teachers for 1879 : 
 
 Prof. Luther Foster, Principal, at a salary of $100 per month. 
 
 Miss Kate Curtis, Assistant Principal, at a salary of $40 per month. 
 
 Miss M. A. Wright, First Grammar Department, at a salary of $40 per 
 month. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 471 
 
 Miss Alfa Campbell, Second Grammar Department, at a salary of $35 per 
 month. 
 
 Miss Alice Gurney, Third Grammar Department, at a salary of $30 per 
 month. 
 
 Miss Pink Duer, Fourth Primary Department, at a salary of $30 per month. 
 
 Miss Franc Moulton, Third Primary Department, at a salary of $30 per 
 month. 
 
 Miss Mollie Grassmeyer, Second Primary Department, at a salary of $30 
 per month. 
 
 Miss M. Herrick, First Primary Depanment, at a salary of $30 per month. 
 
 Fletcher Burnight is janitor at a salary of $25 per month. The school 
 year consists of nine months. 
 
 THE PRESS. 
 
 In 1865, the citizens of Monticello having confidence in the permanence and 
 prosperity of the town, and in view of their appreciation of the influences of 
 the press as an educator and leader of public opinion, began to agitate the pro- 
 priety of establishing a local newspaper. The matter met with so much approval 
 that material was procured and an office established. On the 10th of July of 
 that year, the first number of the Monticello Express was published, Mr. 0. D. 
 Crane, editor and proprietor. On the 15th of February of the same year, the 
 office passed under the management of Mr. James Davidson, who continued the 
 publication of the Express until the 8th of August, 1867, when Scott & 
 Howard became proprietors. Soon after, Howard disposed of his share to 
 Scott, who in turn sold to N. G. Sales, but Scott continued as editor until the 
 4th of April, 1868, when Sales sold to G. W. Hunt, who continued as editor 
 and proprietor about four years. On the 4th of March, 1872, Hunt sold the 
 office to the Monticello Press Association, W. H. Walworth, Treasurer, and 
 John Blanchard, editor and manager, and, after a brief period, Mr. Blanchard 
 became editor and proprietor, and continues such at present writing. The 
 Express is an eight-column folio, and is published weekly on Thursday. From 
 the first it has been a pronounced Republican paper, and, notwithstanding the 
 frequent changes. in proprietorship, the circulation has steadily increased. 
 
 At the time that Mr. Blanchard took charge of the office, they were issuing 
 about twenty quires, and now the issue is more than double that number. 
 Under the present management, the paper is ably edited, and is remarkably 
 aggressive and outspoken in its policy. Mr. Blanchard is a ready and vigor- 
 ous writer, and the power and influence of the Express is growing more and 
 more extended every year. 
 
 Monticello Liberal. — The first number of the Monticello Liberal was pub- 
 lished at Monticello on the 10th of September, A. D., 1872, by the Monticello 
 Printing Company, with G. W. Hunt, editor and manager. The paper was 
 published under the auspices of the Printing Company for about two years, 
 when Mr. Hunt became the editor and proprietor, and has continued such from 
 that time forward. The Liberal is an eight-column folio, and is published 
 weekly, on Thursday. The mechanical work is well and neatly done, and the 
 editorial department well conducted. The Liberal supported the Independent 
 party during the Greeley campaign, and since that time the political complexion 
 of the paper has been Democratic. The office is well supplied with material in 
 its jobbing department, and receives a good share of patronage. 
 
 On the 19th of November, 1873, at the instance of the people at the other 
 end of the county, Mr. Hunt began the publication of the Wyoming News, and 
 
472 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 continued its publication for about a year, and then disposed of the enterprise 
 to P. D. Swigart, who changed the name to "Wyoming Journal. The Netos 
 was neutral in politics. 
 
 The publication of Die Freie Presse, a German weekly newspaper, com- 
 menced at the Liberal office on the 20th of December, 1877, Mr. Hunt editor 
 and proprietor. Die Freie Presse is one of the official papers of the county, 
 the statutes making it such because it is the only German newspaper published 
 in the county. 
 
 Mr. Hunt has had a long editorial experience, and the Liberal and Die 
 Freie Preise have their appropriate share of the newspaper patronage of the 
 county. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Churcli. — It cannot be ascertained when the first ser- 
 mon by a Methodist minister was preached in Monticello. It Avas occasionally 
 visited by itinerants, but no regular appointment was made until 1861. In 
 that year, Rev. J. Williams preached on the circuit which embraced Monticello. 
 The membership was small and very much scattered. In 1862, Rev. G. Stan- 
 ley was the preacher in charge, and the society increased its numbers. In 
 1863, Rev. J. S. Eberhart was the Pastor. During the year, the present 
 church edifice was erected. Previous to this time, the society worshiped in the 
 schoolhouse. At the time, the membership was about fifty. In 186-1, Rev. H. 
 C. Brown was Pastor, and, in 1865, he was re-appointed. The society now 
 became a station, with about ninet}^ members, and paid $500 salary. In 1866, 
 Rev. F. W. Vinson was appointed to the charge, and during his administration 
 the membership increased to ninety-five. His salary was $800. In 1867. 
 Rev. H. H. Fairall was Pastor, Avith a salary of $950. During the year, a 
 large two-story parsonage Avas built, costing $1,300. In 1868, Mr. Fairall 
 was re-appointed, with a salary of $1,000. During his administration, the 
 membership increased eighty — fifty by conversions and thirt}^ by letter — making 
 a total of 175. During the tAvo years, the Church paid out for improvements, 
 benevolent purposes, ministerial support and contingent expenses, $3,500. In 
 1869, C. C. Symons Avas appointed Pastor, and served one year. He Avas suc- 
 ceeded by Thomas Thomson, Avho also served one year. In 1871, F. X. Miller 
 was appointed Pastor, and served three years. J. S. Eberhart Avas also Pastor 
 for three years. The present Pastor is Rev. J. L. Paine, Avho is on his second 
 year. 
 
 There are at present 130 members, and thirteen probationers. The follow- 
 ing are the Trustees of the Church for 1879 : Dr. I. H. Phillips, A. E. Ches- 
 terfieM, C. E. Marvin, M. AV. Herrick, Robert Young, Elijah Austin, G. H. 
 White and Mrs. A. P. Moore. Class Leaders— J. G. Wood and N. W. Aus- 
 tin. Stewards — J. B. Smith, John Moody, N. W. Austin, William Joslin, 
 George W. Condon, Samuel G. Harris and Henry F. Taylor. 
 
 The Sabbath school is in a flourishing condition, and has an average attend- 
 ance of eighty-five. N. W. Austin is the Superintendent. 
 
 The Church is free from debt, and is in a good flourishing condition. 
 
 German Reform Church. — On the first of April, 1870, Rev. G. Rettig 
 came to preach to the Germans at Monticello and vicinity. Four German fam- 
 ilies in the tOAvn professed to believe in the creed of the German Reform 
 Church and Avere anxious to have regular services, as there was no other German 
 Church organization in the town. They rented a place on First street from 
 Mr. Ch. Siebenthal and fitted it for church purposes. A temporary organization 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 473 
 
 was made; Mr, G. Stuhler was chosen Elder, and Mr. Ch. Siebenthal, 
 Deacon. For four and a half years, divine service was held in the above-men- 
 tioned locality. A regular Church was formed April 12, 1874, with Rev. G. 
 Rettig, Pastor ; Mr. G. Stuhler and Mr. Thomas Guyan, Elders ; Mr, Andrew 
 Ambuhl and John Weibal, Deacons. After the room on First street had been 
 sold, preaching was continued in Marvin's Hall for one year. A resolution 
 was passed to build a sanctuary, and a lot was purchased for |200 on Cedar 
 street. From Marvin's Hall they moved to Kinsella Hall. A commission 
 was appointed to get subscriptions for building a church edifice. Mr, G. 
 Stuhler, Gerhart Eiler and Thomas Guyan were chosen Trustees October 19, 
 1874. The corner-stone of the new church was laid June 27, 1875, and the 
 church edifice dedicated October 31, 1875. January 23, 1876, Rev. G. Rettig 
 resigned and Rev. A. Kern, of Helvetia, W. Va., was called to the pastorate. 
 He remained with the Church one year and five months, and was succeeded 
 October 31, 1877, by Rev. John F. Graf, of Palmyra, Mo., who serves the 
 Church at present. During his ministry, the Church has paid all its debts on 
 the church building and built a fine parsonage. The present membership num- 
 bers about eighty. 
 
 Congregational Qhurch. — The earliest public Congregational ministrations 
 in Monticello were begun by Rev. E. P, Kimball, June 16, 1860, his salary 
 being mainly paid by the American Home Missionary Society, At this time, 
 it Avas commonly reported that there was not a praying man in the village, 
 which was probably true. There were, however, a few praying women. The 
 meetings were held in the Monticello Schoolhouse, 
 
 The earliest formal step toward organizing the Church was taken Septem- 
 ber 18, 1860, at a meeting held in the Monticello Schoolhouse, pursuant to a 
 previous call. A resolution to organize under the name of the " Congrega- 
 tional Church of Monticello " was passed, and articles of faith and a form of 
 covenant were adopted. The Church was duly organized November 13, 1860, 
 by an Ecclesiastical Council, convened at the schoolhouse in Monticello, and 
 composed of ministers and delegates representing the following Congregational 
 Churches : The Church at Bowen's Prairie, at Dubuque, at Anamosa and the 
 Church at Cass. The following are the names of those Avho at the time united 
 as members : E. P. Kimball, Betsey A. F. Kimball, John White, Elizabeth 
 A. White, Celeste E. Wales, Lyman P. Hoyt, Sarah Hoyt, Sarah A, Higby 
 and Mrs, E. J. Leach. 
 
 At a regular meeting of the Church, held January 2, 1862. it was voted to 
 circulate a subscription to secure funds to build a church edifice. The effort 
 was not successful. Subsequently, the matter was taken up by the citizens in 
 connection with the members of the Church, and a subscription to the amount 
 of about $1,000, with promises of $300 more. Circumstances unfixvorable to the 
 project shortly afterward arose, and the matter remained at a stand-still till the 
 summer of 1866, when a new subscription was circulated and pledges to the 
 amount of $1,800 secured. Lots were secured, but nothing was done that year 
 further than laying the foundation walls and bringing upon the ground a portion 
 of the materials Plans of the edifice were submitted by Mr. C. C. Walworth, of 
 Boston, and were adopted. Mr, Walworth subscribed $500 for the enterprise, 
 and afterward increased his subscription to $1,000. He also presented the archi- 
 tectural plans and specifications without charge. The cost of the building, accord- 
 ing to the design agreed upon, was estimated at $4,000. It was soon after learned 
 that owii'.g to the advance in material, the cost Avould reach $6,000, unless the 
 plan be modified. Mr. Walworth then secured a modification of the design. The 
 
474 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 foundation walls were then remodeled, the work being begun on May 1, 1867. 
 On the 14th of the same month, the ceremony of laying the corner-stone took 
 place, and was conducted by the Rev. D. J. Jones, Pastor. Addresses were 
 delivered by Rev. Mr. Jones and Rev. J. Allen. The edifice was in due form 
 dedicated on Sunday, January 27, 1868. After services, a debt of $1,800 was 
 canceled by 82,200 pledges. The dedicatory sermon was preached by Rev. J. 
 E. Rov, of Chicago. The American Congregational Union donated $500 to 
 aid in buildino-. The Congregational Society, auxiliary to the Church, was 
 duly organized December 26, 1865, F. J. Tryon being in the chair. A Con- 
 stitution and By-Laws were adopted. This society is composed of members ot 
 the Church, and of such adult male persons of good moral character as pay $3 
 annuallv for the support of preaching. Its function is to co-operate with the 
 Church in holding and protecting the property, and supporting the minister. 
 
 The ministers who have served the Church since its organization are Rev. 
 E. P. Kimball, who resigned in 1863 ; Revs. Isaac Russell. S. A. Benton, J. 
 D. Jones, J. K. Nutting, J. D. Bell, William Leavitt, Loren W. Brintnall and 
 D. Jenkins, the present Pastor. 
 
 This Church is in a prosperous condition, and now has a membership of 
 106. It is what miirht be called the liberal church of the town, and is decid- 
 edly progressive. This is especially so under the administration of the present 
 Pastor. Mr. Jenkins is a young man of good scholastic attainments, and broad 
 and liberal in his public ministrations. 
 
 YOUNG men's christian ASSOCIATION. 
 
 An organization with the above title was organized at Monticello November 
 25, 1867. Officers were elected and a Constitution and By-Laws adopted. For 
 some years, the society grew and flourished, at one time having an excellent 
 reading-room and, apparently, doing much good. Like most similar organiza- 
 tions in towns of the size, it grew and flourished for a time, and then declined 
 and, eventually, ceased to exist. 
 
 AVATER-WORKS. 
 
 In the summer of 1877, a stock company was organized, with Hon. George 
 W. Lovell, President, and had for its object the secureraent of good water priv- 
 ileges for the inhabitants of the city of Monticello. A well was sunk near the 
 depot to the depth of nearly twelve hundred feet, with the hope of securing a 
 flowing well, but the hopes of the company were not fully realized. An abun- 
 dant supply of water was secured, but it rose only to within forty feet of the 
 surface. The funds of the company being exhausted, nothing was done for the 
 space of about eighteen months, when the company sold out its interest in the 
 well to the city for the amount of their investment, $3,200, the city agreeing 
 to pay the same to the stockholders in the way of water-rents, in installments of 
 10 per cent each year, for ten years, without interest. An open well to the 
 depth of the surfiice of the standing water was dug. walled and cemented, and 
 a contract was let to George F. Blake & Co., of New York, to put in a pump- 
 ing apparatus, whereby the water could be pumped and carried to a reservoir 
 on the hill west of the city. A reservoir was built and neatly inclosed, at the 
 place named, with a capacity of two hundred and fifty thousand gallons. The 
 pumps and necessary appendages have been put in place, and water-mains laid 
 to the principal parts of the city, and everything has been pronounced a decided 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 475 
 
 success. The water is excellent, nearly as soft as rain-water, and two or three 
 degrees warmer than that of ordinary well-water. The supply seems to be 
 entirely inexhaustible. The entire cost to the city of the Water-Works, thus 
 far, has been about $16,000. 
 
 The following officers have been duly appointed : S. Y. Bradstreet, Super- 
 intendent ; Dexter Page, Engineer. Commissioners — S. Y. Bradstreet, Chair- 
 man ; B. D. Paine, S. E. Sarles, M. M. Moulton, Dexter Page. 
 
 The primary object of the company who inaugurated the enterprise has 
 been consummated, and the city has a full supply of good water. From the 
 water-mains, surface pipes are being put in at the present writing, and every- 
 thing is eminently satisfactory. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The Monticello Fire Company was organized in the year 1872, with a 
 membership of forty-five. The company for some time were supplied with buck- 
 ets only, and dependent upon no other source for water than that afforded by 
 the cisterns and wells of the city. The following officers were elected at the 
 organization : J. A. Chandler, Foreman ; N. W. Austin, First Assistant ; 
 Dexter Page, Second Assistant; James Young, Third Assistant; George 
 Whiting, Secretary ; C. A. Whiting, Treasurer. 
 
 An engine, hose and hose cart and the necessary equipage for a first-class 
 fire company have been procured, and the organization has been kept in good 
 working condition, and at sundry times has rendered effective service in staying 
 the ravages of fire. 
 
 Owing to the facilities afforded by the water- works of the city, the use of 
 the engine is not necessary, except at points more than a thousand feet from a 
 hydrant. The present officers are : Dexter Page, Foreman ; Isaac Grover, 
 First Assistant; Fred Simons, Second Assistant; William C. King, Third 
 Assistant ; Peter Young, Treasurer ; Robert Young, Steward ; 0. B. Bundle, 
 Secretary. The company numbers about fifty men. 
 
 SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 Monticello Lodge, No. 117, 1. 0. 0. F., was instituted at Monticello, Jones 
 County, on the 16th of March, 1858, by J. J. Dickinson, W. D. D. G. Master, 
 assisted by Bros. Johnson, Belknap, Lukins and Warner, of Anamosa Lodge, 
 No. 40. The Lodge was instituted in the afternoon. After the ceremonies 
 had been concluded, the following officers were elected and installed, according 
 to the prescribed form of the Order: J. J. Brown, N. G.; A. Moulton, V. 
 G.; M. M. Moulton, Secretary ; W. B. Selden, Treasurer; T. C. West, W.; 
 D. McDonald, C. Petitions were received and acted upon from six applicants. 
 In the evening, three candidates being present, they were initiated into the myste- 
 ries of Odd Fellowship. After the installation of appointed officers, W. D. D. 
 G. Master Dickinson delivered an address. The organization was made under 
 favorable circumstances and has ever been in a prosperous condition. The 
 charter members were Aaron Moulton, M. M. Moulton, Abram Everetts, J. J. 
 Brown, E. H. Warren. The officers for the year 1879, are: W. M. Preston, 
 N. G.; Seth Fowler, V. G.; G. W. Condon, Secretary ; John Rigby, Treas- 
 urer; Elijah Austin, Warden; C. Henry, Conductor; Clark Byam, R. S. N^ 
 G.; Judson Tucker, L. S. N. G.; J. B. L. Caldwell. R. S. Y. G.; F. A. 
 Coyle, L. S. V. G.; William Tuel, R. S. S.; P. H. Conner, L. S. S.; F. S. 
 
476 TIISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Duger, I. G.; James Harrison, 0. G. The Lodge occupies a well-furnished 
 hall and has money at interest. 
 
 Burns Lodge. No. 178, A., F. ^^ A. Jf.— Instituted, U. D., January 18, 
 A. D, 1865, A. L. 5865, and organized under charter of Grand Lodge of 
 Iowa, June 21, 1865, A. L. 5865, at Monticello, Jones County. First 
 officers— Brothers H. D. Sherman, W. M. ; M. R. Gurney, S. W. ; C. E. 
 Wales, J. W.; H. Rosa, Treasurer; J. A. Chandler, Secretary; E. T. Mellett, 
 S. D. ; S. R. Howard, J. D. ; Simon Morton, Tiler. The Lodge was organ- 
 ized under favorable auspices, the members contributing ^375 to furnish hall, 
 etc. M. M. Moulton was the first to receive the Master Mason's degree in this 
 Lodge, April 12, 1865. The Lodge has continued to prosper, and, up to the 
 1st of November, 1879, had conferred the degrees upon eighty-three persons. 
 
 The first death in the Lodge was that of Brother S. Hopkins, an old veteran 
 Mason, in March, 1867, next followed in the same month Brother C. McClosky, 
 then Brother H. Bledsoe, the first petitioner for jNIasonic Light in Burns 
 Lodge. Rev. R. H. Northrop died of consumption and was buried in Burns 
 Lodge Lot in Monticello Cemetery. Brother Peter Karst died of cancer at 
 Sand Springs, Iowa. Brothers David S. Dreibblebis and Hugh L. Matthews 
 were young Masons and lived but a short time to enjoy the benefits of 
 the Order. Worshipful Master P. H. Babcock is the only presiding officer 
 lost by death. Brother Sandford Jacobs died after a long and lingering illness. 
 
 The Lodge has been liberal in its benevolent expenditures, and continues 
 in good working condition and shares a large measure of prosperity. The 
 officers for the year 1879 are as follows : Brothers Luther Foster, W. M. ; B. 
 D. Paine, S. W.; W. A. Holston, J. W. ; John 0. Duer, Treasurer; S. L. 
 Gardiner, Secretary; George L. Lovell, S. D. ; Joseph E. Nye, J. D. ; Samuel 
 Kahn, S. S.; Clark Byam, J. S. ; M. M. Moulton, Tiler. 
 
 The history of Burns Lodge and Trinity Commandery was furnished by 
 Sir Knight S. L. Gardiner, though we give it much abridged. 
 
 Monticello Chapter, No. JfP., R. A. M., U. i>., instituted March 2, 2398, 
 A. D. 1868, and organized under charter of the Grand Chapter of Iowa 
 October 16, 2398, A. D. 1868. This Chapter was the parent of the Anamosa 
 Chapter. Among the first petitioners for the degrees in this Chapter were M. 
 R. Gurney, S. R. Howard and Joseph E. Eaton. Up to that time there were 
 but six Royal Arch Masons in Monticello. 
 
 First Officers— H. D. Sherman, E. H. P.; G. W. Miller, E. King; M. M. 
 Moulton, E. Scribe; S. L. Gardiner, Secretary; W. P. Crowly, C. H. ; P. 
 Stone, P. S.; 0. T. Richmond, R. A. C; W. L. Winter, Third Vail; R. C. 
 Shinn, Second Vail ; J. C; Huntoon, First Vail ; J. P. Erabree, Tiler. 
 
 The Chapter is in good condition, financially and otherwise, with a member- 
 ship of thirty-four. Officers for 1879— M. R. Gurney, H. P.; W. W. Calkins, 
 King; Samuel Kahn, Scribe; R. P. Smith, Secretary; John 0. Duer, 
 Treasurer; B. D. Paine, C. H.; Luther Forster, P. S. ; S. R. Howard, R. 
 A. C. ; J. A. Chandler, G. M. Third Vail ; H. M. Wright, G. M. Second 
 Vail ; Isaac Rigby, G. M. First Vail ; M. M. Moulton, Tiler. 
 
 Trinitij Commandery. No. IG, Monticello, Iowa. — This Commandery is 
 the parent of the Commandery at Manchester, Delaware County; Patmos 
 Commandery, at Marion, Linn County, and the Commandery at Anamosa. 
 Trinity Commandery started out with an expensive outfit, said to have been 
 the best in the State, costing about ^500. 
 
 The funds were loaned by charter members, and were paid back to them in 
 about a year from the time of organization, December 9, 1869. It is now 
 
I 
 
 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 477 
 
 self-sustaining, its money at interest and annual dues more than meeting current 
 expenses. This Comranndery donated $25 to the yellow-fever sufferers in 
 1878. Hard times has temporarily checked the growth of the Commandery. 
 There has been but one death in this Commandery in the ten years of its exist- 
 ence — Sir Knight Porter H. Babcock, a good officer. 
 
 The first officers were: Sir Knight H. D. Sherman, E. C; Sir Knight Sam- 
 uel L. Gardiner, Gen.; Sir Knight Charles E. Wales, C. G.; Sir Knight Isaac 
 L. Sinnington, Prel.; Sir Knight James Davidson, S. W.; Sir Knight F. C. 
 Brown, J. VV.; Sir Knight Thomas R. Ercanbrack, W,; Sir Knight Jona- 
 than Piper, Treas.; Sir Knight M. M. Moulton, Recorder. 
 
 The officers for 1879— Sir Knight Silas M. Yoran, E. C; Sir Knight Samuel 
 L. Gardiner, Gen.; Sir Knight S. R Howard, C. G.; Sir Knight C. E. 
 Wales, Treas.; Sir Knight M. M. Moulton, Recorder; Sir Knight R. P. 
 Smith, S. W.; Sir Knight D. E. Pond, J. W.; Sir Knight S. S. Farwell, St. 
 B.; Sir Knight E. T. Mellett, S. B.; Sir Knight James Davidson, Warder ; 
 Sir Knight H. D. Sherman, Sentinel. Continuation of membership — 1875, 
 M. 0. Warriner, Justin Shapley, Luther Foster ; 1876, Edwin Blakslee, H. 
 V. White, C. E. Merriam, D. A. Peet, C. N. Dietz, F. B. Bonniwall. 
 
 William Tell Lodge, No. 391, I. 0. 0. i^.— Organized April, 1879, and 
 works in the German language. The officers and charter members were: Sam- 
 uel Kahn, N. G.; Emil Schneider, V. G.; John Wybel, Treas.; John Grum, 
 Sec; J. Snyder, Warden; G. Snyder, Conductor; Geo. Shaffer, R. S. N. G.; 
 H. W. Baade, L. S. N. G.; A. Guler; R. S. V. G.; J. Snyder, L. S. V. G. 
 
 Monticello Lodge, No. Jf,"^, A. 0. U. W. — This Lodge was duly organized 
 January 15, 1876, Avith the following charter members : Dr. I. H. Phillips, 
 Wilson Jenkins, G. W. Miller, J. R. Stillman. G. W. Garlock, S. F. Bentley, 
 J. Q. Wing, John Blanchard, N. W. Austin, W. E. Herrick and 0. B. Bundle. 
 Number of members at present writing, seventy-five. The object of the organ- 
 ization is co-operative life insurance. The Lodge has lost three members since 
 it was organized, and paid in each case $2,000. Weekly benefits have been 
 paid to those who were entitled to the same, and the Lodge kept in a good, 
 prosperous condition. 
 
 The present officers are: N. W. Austin, P. M. W.; S. G. Harris, M. W.; 
 C. A. Whiting, Foreman; H. C. Suhr, Overseer; J. B. Smith, Recorder; J. 
 R. Stillman, Financier; W. VV. Calkins, F. S. 
 
 Monticello Lodge, No. 14-, of the Iowa Legion of Honor. — The object of this 
 organization is quite the same as that of the Ancient Order of United Work- 
 men, only that the work of the Legion of Honor is confined to the State of 
 Iowa. This Lodge was organized on the 8th of May, 1879, with forty-two 
 charter members. The present officers are: J. B. Smith, President; S. G. 
 Harris, Vice President; J. R. Stillman, R. S ; M. M. Moulton, F. S.; H. 
 Suhr, Treas.; G. W. Miller, Doorkeeper ; Fred Simons, Sentinel. The 
 Legion of Honor may pay at the death of a brother $4,000, if there is that 
 number of members in that class, while the Ancient Order of United Workmen 
 pay only $2,000. The Legion of Honor pays no sick benefits. 
 
 ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 Monticello Ladies Library Association. — The circulating library associa- 
 tion, under the auspices of the ladies of Monticello, was organized in 1867, with 
 the following officers : 
 
 Mrs. S. Y. Bradstreet, President; Mrs. W. H. Proctor, Vice President; 
 Mrs. G. W^. Miller, Treasurer ; Mrs. S. Langworthy, Secretary. 
 
478 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 The following were the charter members : Mrs. Maria Bradstreet, Mrs. 
 Stephen Langworthy, Mrs. William H. Proctor, Mrs. G. W. Miller, Mrs. 
 James Davidson, Mrs. W. H. Walworth, Mrs. C. E. Wales and Mrs. F. S. 
 Dunham. 
 
 A Constitution and By-Laws were adopted for the government of the Asso- 
 ciation, and the society began its work without a dollar in the treasury. 
 
 Festivals and other means were improvised from time to time, and the pro- 
 ceeds used in the purchase of books. Through much that was discouraging 
 the Association has passed, and, at present writing, secured for the use of those 
 willing to pay the trifling sum of $1 per year, a good library of about seven 
 hundred volumes. There are a goodly number of standard works in the 
 library, and the Association is now in a more prosperous condition than at any 
 previous time. An examination of the books warrants the belief that they 
 are well cared for, and that a goodly number are read by appreciative readers. 
 
 The Association is a valuable auxiliary to the educational forces of the city, 
 and the ladies of Monticello deserve especial commendation for their literary 
 taste and perseverance in a cause so meritorious. 
 
 The present officers are: Mrs. F. S. Dunham, President; Mrs. S. R. 
 Howard, Vice President; Mrs. J. R. Stillman, Secretary; Mrs. G. W. Miller, 
 Treasurer. 
 
 Blonticello Cemetery Association. — This Association was organized as an 
 incorporate body on the 20th day of June, A. D. 1866. The following are 
 the names of the incorporators ; E. P. Kimball, M. M. Moulton, W. H. Wal- 
 worth, D. T. Gardner, S. R. Howard and J. P. Sleeper. M. M. Moulton, W. 
 H. Walworth and E. P. Kimball were elected the first Trustees of the Associa- 
 tion ; Mrs. B. A. F. Kimball, Treasurer. 
 
 On the 24th of June, A. D. 1866, the Trustees purchased for the Associa- 
 tion, of Mrs. George George and husband, two acres of land, and Mrs. George 
 donated an acre, the whole to be used for cemetery purposes, and the one acre 
 donated by Mrs. George is always to be held for the free use of the poor. The 
 land is situated about a mile east of the city of Monticello, on the main road 
 leading to Scotch Grove. 
 
 At a meeting of the Association on the 20th of December, 1866, the Treas- 
 urer made the following report : 
 
 Amount collected, $283.15. Paid for land, $150 ; for lumber, $105 ; for 
 nails, $8 ; for work, $7.50 ; for deed, etc., $5.50. 
 
 The first officers continued to act until the 25th of June, 1873, when the 
 following were duly elected: Trustees, H. D. Sherman, Samuel G. Gardiner, 
 M. M. Moulton and C. E. Wales; Treasurer, John 0. Duer. Cash capital, 
 $61.69. 
 
 The work of improving the cemetery was now commenced. The grounds 
 were surveyed, lots properly divided, the whole newly fenced, the streets and 
 alleys graded, and an evergreen tree planted at the corners of each lot, making 
 a living corner-stone. From that time forward, the grounds have been kept 
 in a neat and tasty manner, much to the credit of the Board of Trustees. 
 
 The money to purchase the land, improve, etc., was raised by subscription, 
 largely through the efforts of Mrs. B. A. F. Kimball and Mrs. Fred Grass- 
 may er. The subscriptions were in sums varying from 50 cents up to $25, 
 donated by Joseph Baker. M. L. Carpenter gave $20 ; H. Rosa, $16 ; F. 
 Grassmeyer, $12, and many others donated liberally. 
 
 Monticello Union Park Association. — On the 13th day of April, 
 1874, a meeting was held at the office of C. W. Gurney, in Monticello,. 
 
I 
 
 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 479 
 
 and the following Articles of Incorporation were adopted and an organization 
 effected : 
 
 Articles of Incorporation of the Monticello Union Park Association : 
 
 I. We, the undersigned, hereby form ourselves into a joint-stock company for the purpose 
 of purchasing forty acres of land in the town of jNIonticello, county of Jones and State of 
 Iowa, fencing and fitting the same for the purpose of a driving-park and fair-grounds. 
 
 II. This company shall be known and designated at the " Monticello Union Park Associa- 
 tion," and its principal place of business shall be at Monticello, Jones County, Iowa. 
 
 III. The business to be transacted shall be the holding of fairs and exhibitions, and leasing 
 of said grounds to such other societies and for such other purposes as the Executive Committee 
 shall determine. 
 
 IV. The capital stock of said company shall consist of $3,000, to be divided into shares of 
 f 100 each ; each share to be entitled to one vote in the election of officers and the transaction 
 of other business of the company. vSaid stock to be paid in on call of tlie President. 
 
 V. This Association shall commence on the 13th day of April, 1874, and shall continue 
 twenty years. 
 
 VI. The officers of this Association shall be one President, one Vice President, one Secre- 
 tary, one Treasurer and three Directors, which three, together with the President and Secretary, 
 shall constitute an Executive Committee. The annual meeting of said Association shall be held 
 at Monticello on the second Monday of April in each year, at which time all the above enumer- 
 ated officers shall be elected, to hold their offices for one year, and until their successors are 
 elected and qualified. 
 
 VII. The indebtedness of this Association shall at no time exceed $1,000. 
 
 VIII. No private property of stockholders shall be liable for corporate debts. 
 
 IX. The Executive Committee shall have power to make all by-laws and regulations neces- 
 sary for the government of the Association. 
 
 Dated at Monticello the 13th day of April, 1874. Filed for record December 26, 1874. 
 
 Names of stockholders : M. L. Carpenter, S. C. Langworthy, Hiram Tarks, 
 G. S. Eastman, George Stuhler, Birdsall & Acker, Joseph Clark, L. Waushura, 
 John Lorentenzen, M. M. Benedict, S. S. Farwell, Philip Kuhns, George 
 Haines, J. W. Skelly, G. W. Lovell, C. E. Wales, Theodore Soetje, William 
 Schoddy, Fred Grassmeyer, Gill & Noyes, S. R. Howard, N. M. Smith, John 
 0. Duer, P. 0. Babcock, A, J, Monroe, Gurney & Davidson, Henry Babbe, M. 
 A. Rice, F. M. Hicks. 
 
 The following Board of Directors were elected for that year (1874) : John 
 0. Duer, P. 0. Babcock and Joseph Clark. C. E. Wales was President, and 
 C. W. Gurney, Secretary. 
 
 The present officers are : M. M. Benedict, President ; G. S. Eastman, 
 Vice President; John 0. Duer, Secretary and Treasurer. Directors — G. 
 Haines, M. Noyes and S. R. Howard. 
 
 The Association has purchased forty acres near the city of Monticello. The 
 grounds are well fitted up for the use of the Association. The entire cost of 
 purchase and preparation has been about f 3,000. The estimated value of the 
 property of the Association at this time is $4,000. 
 
 JONES COUNTY MILITIA COMPANY. 
 
 Company D, of the Ninth Regiment Iowa National Guards, was enlisted at 
 Monticello on the 17th of June, 1878, under the Military Code of the State. 
 It has always been a maximum company from the first, composed of sixty- 
 seven men. J. Q. Wing was unanimously chosen Captain ; Ed M. Thompson, 
 First Lieutenant, and Dugal McDugal, Second Lieutenant. These officers 
 were commissioned by Gov. Gear on the 23d day of July, 1878. Dugal 
 McDugal was dismissed the service, and William C. Kino; elected Second 
 Lieutenant in his stead. 
 
 Capt. J. Q. Wing was elected Colonel of the Ninth Regiment on the 16th 
 of August, 1879, and Lieut. Thompson took command of Company D. It is 
 
480 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 expected that Lieut. Thompson will be promoted to the captaincy, and that 
 other promotions will be made in regular order. 
 
 Company D is armed with the best breech-loading needle guns, and neatly 
 uniformed. 
 
 In 1878, Company D was called upon to unload a car load of tramps that 
 had taken possession of a train on the Davenport & Northern Railroad. The 
 work was well accomplished in a short time, although the company had been 
 organized but a short time. The company is one of the best drilled in the 
 military service of the State. A number of the old veterans of the late war 
 are members of the company. 
 
 JONES COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
 
 The Jones County Agricultural Society owns property, in the way of build- 
 ings, to the amount of about $1,500, on the grounds of the Park Association. 
 
 The present Agricultural Society was organized at Monticello in the year 
 1874, with the following officers : S. S. Farwell, Monticello, President ; E. 
 V. Miller, Viroqua, Vice President ; C. W. Gurney, Monticello, Secretary ; 
 A. M. Loomis, Wyoming, Treasurer. 
 
 It is proper to state that an Agricultural Society was organized many years 
 ago, and the meetings Avere held on the grounds near Anamosa. For a number 
 of years the Society was a success, but, for some reason, the interest abated, and 
 finally the Society failed to hold annual meetings, and virtually ceased to exist. 
 
 The present Society began without a dollar in the treasury, and now owns 
 property to the amount of about ^1,500, on the grounds of the Monticello 
 Union Park Association. The meetings of the Society have been a success 
 thus far, and a liberal amount of premiums have been paid at the annual exhi- 
 bition. 
 
 The following are the officers for the year 1879: Wm. M. Starr, Castle 
 Grove, President; S. L. Gilbert, Onslow, Vice President; S. M. Yoran, Mon- 
 ticello, Secretary ; F. 0. Ellison, Wyoming, Treasurer. 
 
 THE PRINCIPAL FIRES. 
 
 The first fire was that of D. S. Dewey's two-story frame saw-mill, at East 
 Monticello, in March, 1855 ; loss, $4,000, no insurance. 
 
 In April, 1864, the two-story shop and horse-stable of N. W. Austin, was 
 burned. Loss on building, $500 : contents, horse, $100 ; tools, hay and grain, 
 $100 ; one horse belonging to Mr. Ketchum, $100. Total, $800. No insur- 
 ance. The fire was the work of an incendiary. Mr. Austin had been pros- 
 ecuting witness in a certain liquor suit, and is supposed to have lost his shop 
 and barn as a result. 
 
 In May, 1864, the frame stable of G. Slade was destroyed by fire. It was 
 Sunday evening, just after services had commenced at the M. E. Church, that 
 the fire was discovered. Several prosecutions had been commenced against the 
 saloon keepers for the illegal sale of intoxicating beverages. 
 
 Some parties had hid a keg of whisky in the stable, where it was found by 
 some boys, who had been taking a " nip " from it daily, and they concluded to 
 take a swig before attending church, and, as it was dark, lighted a match that 
 they might see ; the match fell into the dry hay, and the building was in flames 
 in a moment. Loss on building, $500 ; contents, $100 ; one span of horses, 
 $200. Total, $800. No insurance. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 481 
 
 July 5, 1864, the restaurant and saloon owned and kept by J. P. Sleeper, 
 was destroyed by fire, and was a total loss of about $2,000 ; no insurance. The 
 fire is supposed to have been caused by fire-works on the 4th. 
 
 A fire occurred on the 26th of July, 1868, and was supposed to be an incen- 
 diary fire. The following buildings were totally destroyed : M. M. Moulton's 
 two- story building on Lot 503; loss, $2,000. Loss to Odd Fellows' Lodge, 
 $200 ; loss of Good Templar's Lodge, $200. Insurance, $800 ; H. D. Sher- 
 man's butter in the cellar, $500 ; no insurance. 
 
 H. M. Wright's bookstore ; loss on building and contents, $2,000 ; fully 
 insured. 
 
 C. A. Whiting's barber-shop ; loss on building and contents, $2,000, also 
 fully insured. 
 
 October 12, 1869, occurred another incendiary fire, and four buildings were 
 destroyed, viz.: W. E. Berry's saloon, loss $2,000, insured, the building was 
 occupied by Warriner &, Monroe, loss to them, $200 ; no insurance. 
 
 McCormick & Kennady's store and contents, loss $2,500 ; fully insured. 
 
 N. M. Smith's drug store ; loss on building and contents, $2,500 ; no 
 insurance. 
 
 The building owned by Dr. Smith, occupied by J. Davidson with post 
 office ; loss on contents, $200 ; no insurance. 
 
 Gardiner & Dunham's building, damaged to the amount of $1,000 ; fully 
 insured. 
 
 December 9, 1869, a partial loss by fire of C. A. Whiting's drug store ; loss 
 on building, "$500 ; fully insured. 
 
 C. J. Conley's loss on contents, $1,000. This fire was supposed to be the 
 result of incendiary causes. 
 
 January 23, 1870, C E. Wales' residence was damaged about $1,000 ; 
 fully insured. 
 
 April 14, 1870, Mr. Reiger's building was damaged by fire about $800 ; 
 insured. 
 
 Damage to the Hany Building and contents (grocery), $1,400 ; insurance, 
 $450. 
 
 Meat market of William Peterson, building and contents, $1,000 ; no 
 insurance. 
 
 W. Stambaugh's hardware store ; loss on building, $1,000 ; loss to M. 
 Haran on contents, $5,000 ; fully insured. 
 
 December 12, 1871, E. E. Burdick's tenement house at East Monticello ; 
 loss, $800 ; insured. 
 
 February 11, 1872, loss by fire of Hibbard, Frost & Wood, of frame flouring- 
 mill, $14,000; no insurance. 
 
 Dexter Page's foundry and machine-shop building; loss, $1,500; no 
 insurance. 
 
 E. B. Kinsella's warehouse burned ; loss, $500. Loss to Pat Hopkins on 
 contents, $150; fully insured. 
 
 John Kinsella's warehouse ; loss, $500 ; also insured. Langworthy & Holt, 
 contents in same, $1,500 ; insured. 
 
 Pat Washington's warehouse ; loss, $700 ; no insurance. Hake k Rohn, 
 grain in same, $1,000 ; fully insured. 
 
 A. J. Monroe's barn ; loss, $150 ; not insured. 
 
 B. Stuart's barn ; loss, $100 ; insured for $50. 
 
 W. E. Herrick's tools in mill ; loss, $100. E. Grissenger's tools in mill, 
 loss, $100. The mill was set on fire in the night. 
 
482 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 March 28, 1872, A. J. Monroe's barber-shop and law office; loss, $500; 
 insured. 
 
 April 23, 1872, I). L. Norcross' dwelling-house ; loss, $800 ; insured. 
 
 September 29, 1877, a dwelling that belonged to the estate of David Young ; 
 damaged by fire, $500 ; insured. 
 
 February 27, 1879, stone flouring-mill of H. S. Pope & Bro.; loss, $8,000 ; 
 insured for $5,100. 
 
 March 28, 1879, brick residence of D. S. Kinsella; loss, $3,000; insur- 
 ance, $2,500. 
 
 June 5, 1879, tin-shop of F. S. Dunham ; damage to building, $500 ; damage 
 to contents, $3,000 ; fully insured. 
 
 Dr. Myrick's office contents ; damages, $50. Dr. Henry's office contents ; 
 damages, $50 ; no insurance. 
 
 Damage to Mrs. Derbin's dwelling, $100 ; damage to contents, $400 ; fully 
 insured. 
 
 August 15, 1879, damage to James Young's residence, $100 ; insured. 
 
 There have been a few other losses by fire, but the dates and amounts we 
 were not able to get. 
 
 The above facts and figures were furnished us by M, M. Moulton, Esq. 
 
 WYOMING TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This township is situated in the southeast part of the county, north of 
 Oxford, the southwest township. The most of the surface is rather broken ; 
 there is a strip of prairie on the south side, and some prairie land in the north- 
 west corner, which is level or beautifully undulating. A ridge, commonly 
 known as the Brainard Ridge, runs through about the center of the township 
 from west to east, along which there are fine farms and good substantial build- 
 ings. The northeast corner is principally timber-land, with an occasional 
 slope of prairie interspersed among it. 
 
 The farms, buildings, orchards and other improvements in the township, 
 indicate a thriving and industrious people. 
 
 Tile thriving town of Wyoming is situated in the southwestern portion of 
 the township, and a portion of the town of Onslow is situated in the northeast, 
 four miles from the city of AVyoming. 
 
 EARLY REMINISCENCES OF WYOMING AND VICINITY. 
 
 BY DR. M. H. CALKINS. 
 
 [The following in reference to the early history of Wyoming and vicinity was 
 prepared and read by Dr. M. H. Calkins, dui'ing the" Wyoming House Lecture 
 Course," in April, A. D. 1878. The corrections necessary, owing to the changes 
 that have taken place since that time, have been made by the Doctor, also, so 
 that the statements are reliable and trustworthy. We are thus placed under 
 obligations to Dr. Calkins for one of the most valuable and entertaining chapters 
 in the history of Jones County. We regret to be obliged to somewhat abridge 
 this portion of the early history for the want of space. Much that would be 
 very entertaining is necessarily omitted ; but we have endeavored to retain all 
 the historical facts. The Doctor, whose biography appears elsewhere, is a 
 
^. 
 
 . // ^Sc^-^^. 
 
 l-a^^l^ 
 
 I. 
 
41 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 485 
 
 strong and vigorous writer, and, at times, expresses himself with much rhetorical 
 eflfect. From the fact that the important facts of history of the schools and 
 churches are given by Dr. Calkins, no separate history of them will be given. 
 — Editor.] 
 
 " The early history of any community is seldom preserved for posterity. 
 A generation lives, acts its part, passes away, and little is known of the details 
 of the operations by which grand results were reached. Every generation views 
 the results of the preceding one in their totality and condemns in jobbing lots, 
 or at wholesale lauds. Could we have access to that book where time records 
 the acts of men, it would be an easy task to write the history of the past. But 
 when, in antiquarian research, we are compelled to rely upon the treacherous 
 memory of the living whose knowledge is often derived from tradition, it becomes 
 an arduous task and is often inaccurate. In my search for items of early his- 
 tory, I have not found a man who has kept a record of the passing events in 
 which he was engaged, and Avhich so often interest posterity. Memory alone 
 has been relied upon, and hence some of the statements I shall make may be 
 incorrect. Memory cannot always be relied upon, particularly in reference to 
 dates. The young look forward, and time seems long. The old glance back- 
 ward and time seems short, and the date of interesting occurrences is often mis- 
 placed. This arises from the fact that no record is kept. 
 
 " Nearly four decades have passed and have been marked on eternity's dial, 
 during which the events I am about to relate, have transpired. 
 
 " The first decade began in 1889, and could be easily summarized. It 
 was a noble struggle of a few men for homes. The second decade, begun in 
 1849, Avas filled with stirring events and noble progress. The third was nobler 
 still, for to the victories of peace were added the laurels of war for our nation's 
 life, in which the citizens of this township acted a noble part. Nine-tenths of 
 the fourth decade have flitted away with progress marking every step, and 
 every step keeping time with improvement's rapid march. To-day 1 must 
 speak of these different epochs as a single group in Time's great calendar. If 
 I shall succeed in rescuing from the fast receding past some incidents con- 
 nected with the early history of this township, my object Avill have been accom- 
 plished. 
 
 ''The hardy pioneer, struggling with the various disadvantages incident to 
 life on the frontier, has little time and less inclination to mark the changes con- 
 nected with the growth and development of a wilderness into 'a land that buds 
 and blossoms like the rose.' The great changes which time, with its various 
 agencies, is producing around him, are not realized, and the interest that the 
 future will take in reviewing the past is hardly thought of. He is busy 
 with the present and its necessities, generally struggling with poverty, but 
 buoyant with hope. He expects to secure a home and be surrounded in a 
 short time with the charms of good society, educational and religious priv- 
 ileges, in the enjoyment of wealth and the full fruition of early hopes. He 
 carries with him the impress of the institutions of the locality where he li\ed, 
 and fosteys them. They are the institutions of civilization, and often of refine- 
 ment. He expects to be overtaken by the car of progress, laden with the golden 
 fruits of society. Religious privileges and educational advantages he expects 
 will follow, Avith all the charms and blessings they confer. Like Moses, in 
 some respects, he views the promised land ; unlike him, occupies it ; like him, 
 time is not given to share in its full glory. Dihipidation and decay are dis- 
 tanced by the outstretched arm of improvement, its polishing hand ; and soon, 
 
 J 
 
486 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 very soon, in this new world and on these fertile prairies, beside these pure 
 streams of limpid w;iter, with an atmosphere laden with health-giving influ- 
 ences, noble farms spread out before the admiring gaze of the tourist, Avho, in 
 these later years, for tiie first time visits these fertile valleys. He beholds low- 
 ing herds of splendid cattle feeding upon nature's broad pastures, or ruminating 
 by the side of well-filled racks and mangers. He listens to the contented grunt 
 of large droves of squealing porcines, fed with a prodigal liberality. He notes 
 the symmetry of the different grades of vast numbers of noble horses ; wonders 
 at their perfection and adaptation to man's various tastes and uses. He sees 
 vast fields of luxuriant grain, and calculates in all these departments there is 
 enough to supply the demands of a population a hundred-fold more dense. He 
 beholds buildings that denote homes of ease, wealth and luxury, comfort and 
 refinement, thriving towns and prosperous cities, with all their allurements for 
 good and subtle entanglements for evil, arise as if by magic, and these, with 
 the choice farms, transform the prairie in all its grand magnificence and wild 
 beauty, with its aboriginal inhabitants wilder still, the running deer, the loping 
 elk, the beast of prey, the whistling quail, the whirring hen, emblems of the 
 wilderness where civilization has never disturbed the wild beast in his lair, oi 
 the birds in their aerial flights have never been frightened by the sharp report 
 of the sportsman's gun and its reverberating sound. In a single word, these 
 emblems of nrimeval wildness have been supplanted by the benign influences of 
 a Christiai. civilization, transforming and reclaiming, with all their moral power. 
 Remember that nearly all this change has been wrought within a half-century. 
 I refer to the Great West — the valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries. 
 
 "The first permanent settlers of a new country are a hospitable people. 
 As I said, they are in pursuit of homes and with those who come for this 
 laudable object, actuated by this noble purpose, controlled by immutable prin- 
 ciples of right, every arrival of upright citizens is welcomed with a warmth ot 
 friendship, the genuineness of which is never questioned. No mere formal 
 friendship welcomes the arrival of the sturdy and industrious emigrant to the 
 frontier home of him who is patiently waiting for civilization to drive the wild] 
 beasts and the barbarous Indians from the vicinity of his home. The elk and] 
 the deer, the wild beast and untutored savage, and the white man Avho has fledl 
 from violated law and outraged society will occupy the same country, but! 
 when enterprise, science, art, religion, with all the paraphernalia of reclaiming' 
 civilization approaches, the wild beasts flee, the red men scatter, and the out- 
 law, like the Arab, folds his tent and is gone. Domestic animals take the 
 place of wild beasts. Thrifty husbandry supplants the chase, the schoolhouse 
 tells of educational interests ; the church, with its spire pointing to realms of 
 everlasting light, proclaims faith in Him who died for all. The dead are 
 buried with religious rites, while to the living is taught a lesson by the side of 
 the open grave, of the brevity of human life. The savage was buried, too, 
 amid barbarous whoops, expecting to go to the happy hunting-ground, where 
 his gun would be his boon companion and the chase his everlasting pastime. 
 Permanent homes have been established where lived the wandering tribes of 
 America. The land that was a wilderness, 'flows with milk and hone}".' The 
 arts are cultivated, science encouraged, industry honored, worth appreci- 
 ated, religion fostered. AVhat a change I We call it civilization. Space 
 will not permit us to pursue this train of thought longer. I have alluded to 
 these changes in order to show the vast diff'erence between the present with all 
 its beauty and attractiveness, and that condition that existed at the time of the 
 advent of men who still live in our midst. But little more than the time 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 48T 
 
 allotted to a single generation has passed away, during which all these changes 
 have been produced. We wonder at this rapid transformation. We consider 
 that this change, this rapid march of civilization, is but a nucleus around 
 which shall gather in the coming future, nobler deeds and more grand achieve- 
 ments. * * * July 27, 1839, there came into this township an 
 emigrant band, composed of fourteen persons, counting men, women and 
 children, and they came to stay. They came as pioneers, as an advance-guard 
 of what was to follow. They looked upon this valley covered with tall and 
 luxuriant grass, they noted the crystal waters of these pebbled streams, cor- 
 rectly estimated the fertility of the soil, and anchored their prairie schooner 
 beneath the shade of this adjacent grove and became the sovereign lords of 
 Wyoming Township. They were sheltered in that primeval bower and 
 charmed with birds' enchanting songs. Mrs. Lilie's house now stands where 
 was the first pitched tent that covered the first civilized man that made this 
 valley his permanent home. 
 
 * * -1= * * * *: 
 
 " In that band of fourteen persons there were four stalwart men, three fearless- 
 women and seven helpless children. Around them on every hand were beast* 
 of prey — bears, wolves, panthers and wild-cats. Deer, elk and buffalo hurried 
 from their presence. There were also birds and prairie-hens. The stealthy- 
 tread of the Indian was often heard, and his lurking presence more often sus- 
 pected. The Indiana were great beggars, but seldom stole anything till they 
 were about to depart for some other quarter. When they were about to leave,, 
 and were packing up their traps, they would not institute very rigid 
 inquiries in reference to the ownership of any article that came in their 
 way. Things that were worthless, and those that were valuable, all shared the 
 same fate. Thou shalt not covet, was a doctrine of which they knew but little^ 
 and cared less. Thou shalt not steal, was not a fundamental doctrine in their 
 creed. But they practiced from the precept, '"He that provideth not for his^ 
 own household is worse than an " — Indian. While they were staying around, 
 they would not even shoot a prairie-hen from your corn-crib without asking: 
 permission. They seemed to be far above stealing chickens, even if they were- 
 wild, and, in this respect, were superior to some of their white successors. 
 
 " These first fourteen settlers all came in one wagon, and were drawn by three- 
 yoke of oxen. They had a few cows, a few head of young cattle and three dogs^ 
 They came from Indiana, and, after crossing the Mississippi, followed up the- 
 Maquoketa Valley, and found a few settlers below Monmouth, in Jackson 
 County, where there were large tracts of Government land, but they had taken 
 Greeley's advice in advance, and were going West. Leaving the settlement 
 below Monmouth, they came up through the timber and out on to the prairie, 
 near where Morse and son reside. Here they fastened a log behind their wagon 
 to make a mark by which they could retrace their steps, if they desired to do so. 
 Then striking out boldly into the tall prairie grass, leaving all previous marks oF 
 civilized man without knowing what they might encounter, not expecting to see- 
 the face of a white man till they should return, they started out on this 
 unknown prairie sea in pursuit of a spot which, in after life, they might call hj 
 that name always dear — home. By the aid of imagination, we can see them, 
 stand on the summit of yonder hill, beneath a scorching July sun, and look 
 across this fertile valley to the cool shade of the grove in the rear of our town p 
 then, with vision leaving the grove, to the right they could look up the valley 
 of the Great Bear till the prairie was lost in the horizon of the West, where- 
 azure blue and prairie green were blended. What scene on nature's great 
 
488 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 panorama could be more lovely, what spot more inviting, where a place more 
 beautiful ? Sheltered from fierce westerly winds and northern blasts by a 
 magnificent grove of sturdy oaks and tall hickories clothed in summer's grand 
 drapery, where the sun's first morning ray warmed, and the shade intercepted 
 the noontide heat ; the pure crystal waters of Little Bear Creek flowing along 
 its margin, an outlet for bubbling springs from earth's internal streams, a soil 
 of unsurpassed richness, a landscape beautiful to look upon ; the monotony of 
 its distant view broken by hill and dell, and running stream, and forest tree ; 
 the luxuriant grass bending, waving, surging before the prairie breeze like 
 billows of the soa, whose crests were capped with indigenous flowers of rare 
 fragrance and beauty, its virgin soil ready to laugh a harvest whenever tickled 
 by the plowshare and scratching harrow of the husbandman. Here were the 
 elements of future wealth, and on the margin of this primeval forest was erected 
 the first home in Wyoming Township. When we review the past to that time, 
 how forcibly do we realize the language of Whittier : 
 
 " ' I hear the treaJ of pioneers, 
 Of nations yet to he. 
 The first low wash of waves, 
 
 Where soon shall roll a human sea.' '' 
 
 " These were the times that tried men's souls some and women's more. We 
 can hardly imagine the deprivations these pioneers must have endured, their 
 nearest neighbors being ten miles away. No saloons to visit, no store in which 
 to lounge, no dry-goods boxes on which to sit and whittle, no school, no tax- 
 ation (what a comfort), no milliner to charm and fascinate with bonnets in 
 the four seasons' latest styles, no dressmaker to fit the human form divine and 
 make it a little more divine, no tailor to make your suits in the latest fashion, 
 no barber to shave the down from the anxious youth's lip or color the mustache 
 of the veteran who would disguise age with youth's beauty. They were a dis- 
 tinct people, and except the Indians and wild beasts, there were ' none to molest 
 or make afraid.' When the scanty supply of provisions they had brought 
 with them was exhausted, thc}^ were compelled to retrace their steps along the 
 log-beaten track they had made to the settlement in Jackson County, purchase 
 grain and go to Dubuque to have it ground. There was honey in the land, 
 but no locust with heavenly manna scattered by the bountiful hand of Omnip- 
 otence. The staft' of life must be brought from afar. Fourteen persons were 
 thus to be fed, where no raven proclaimed the interposition of Providence, and 
 no supernatural power produced food with which to maintain life. Energy, 
 decision and firmness were necessary to provide sustenance, when situated so 
 remote from the haunts of civilized life. 
 
 "This isolation could be endured in summer ; but when winter came with its 
 icy desolation, and the earth was covered with the white frost of crystallization, 
 lonely indeed must have been this immigrant band. The log-beaten track oblit- 
 erated by the fallen snow, and communication with those distant neighbors made 
 exceedingly hazardous. Disease invaded the realm of this people the first 
 year, and a little child a year old was taken from the parental embrace to 
 fields of everlasting light. It was a pioneer from this section to the unknown 
 realm of immortal glory. It was the first link in an ever-lengthening chain 
 that binds Wyoming to heaven. A little grave was dug near Mr. Ilanna's res- 
 idence, and there silently was borne the mortal remains of David Pence's 
 child. A few friends gathered around that silent grave and dropped the grief- 
 laden tear upon that rude coffin. No minister with uncovered head, in priestly 
 garb or sacerdotal robes, stood there to pour the oil of consolation into those 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 489 
 
 wounded hearts. No lesson was enforced on the brevity of life or the evan- 
 escence of things sublunary, no finger pointed heavenward, no voice pro- 
 claimed, ' Suffer little children to come unto Me, and forbid them not, for of 
 such is the kingdom of heaven.' There, on that ridge of land running out 
 into the prairie, like a promontory into the ocean, was this grave made. The 
 mother followed a few years later ; the father afterward gave his life to his 
 countr\', and no brother or sister is left to shed tears of sorrow over the 
 unmarked grave of this first victim of the relentless destroyer. I will add, no 
 doctor tried to assist Nature's recuperative powers, and you may say, if you 
 like, that the death was probably natural. 
 
 " James Van Voltenbergh was the patriarch of these first settlers, and with 
 his wife and nine children, one son-in-law, one daughter-in-law, and one 
 grandchild, whose death we have mentioned, made up the fourteen pei^ons. 
 Of these, there are five still living, Joseph, in Decatur County, a voluntary 
 exile from the land of his fathers, not sold into captivity by jealous and envious 
 brothers ; while in an adjoining township, still lives Taylor and his wife, and 
 also Peter and Dan. They have long since dropped the patronymic name, in 
 part, and are now known by the more euphonious and simple cognomen of Van. 
 The old name took in number, ofte more than half the entire alphabet, and one 
 less than half of the whole number of letters. 
 
 " The first meeting these people had the privilege of attending was five miles 
 beyond Canton, and thither the three women wended their way on foot, the 
 men were too busy to leave, there was too much to do, and these three unpro- 
 tected women started out to hear 'the glad tidings of great joy,' The first 
 day, they went as far as Mr. Beers', ten miles east of here, the next day went 
 to meeting and back to Mr. Beers', and the next day came home, having trav- 
 eled on foot more than thirty miles to hear the Gospel. The preacher was a 
 Presbyterian. The first meeting in this township was held at Van's. The 
 preacher was a Presbyterian, and his text. ' Is there no balm in Gilead, is there 
 no physician there?' This Mas in 1842. The audience was not large, and 
 probably not very fashionably attired ; but they could listen to the preacher, as 
 he unfolded the great truths of the Gospel, explained the grand plan of salva- 
 tion, and told of the rich mercies of redeeming grace, a balm for every wounded 
 soul, and pictured the everlasting beauties of a 'home over there.' 
 
 " This isolated condition was favorable to the development of feelings of 
 dependence. At that time, the inhabitants of the township were less than two 
 score. They felt their dependence upon each other, were mutually interested in 
 each other's pi'osperity, and mutually expected to share hardships and enjoy 
 the happiness in store for them. The minister before alluded to was traveling 
 through the country, perhaps a missionary looking up the sheep that had wan- 
 dered from the fold. Here he halted and broke the bread of life acceptably 
 to those spiritually famishing people ; continued his journey, sowing the seed, 
 but not knowing what the harvest would be; his name forgotten, his theme 
 cherished, his lesson remembered. The next minister was Moses Garrison. 
 He belonged to the United Brethren, and organized the first church in 
 Wyoming Township. The organization was effected at James Van's, and the 
 meetings held there about three years. After this time, the Campbellites 
 effected an organization, and the Society of United Brethren was abandoned, 
 some of its members going to the Methodists, some to the Campbellites, and 
 some went — God only knows where. In 1844, the North Mineral Society 
 was organized by Joel B. Taylor, then in the interest of the Methodist Church. 
 He was a young man, whom Conference has since honored with prominent and 
 
490 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 responsible positions. He is still a watchman on Zion's Tower, and proclaims 
 the Gospel at Belle Plain, in this State. I allude to this Church as a part of 
 the early history of this township because this whole region was tributary to that 
 organization, and there was built the first church edifice in all this vicinity. It 
 was not remarkable for its architectural beauty, but it sheltered early Christians 
 from pelting storms, was a place for them to assemble together to hear the 
 preached Word, Avhere prayer was wont to be made. It was situated in Clay 
 Township, and was a kind of religious Mecca, where religious pilgrims wended 
 their way from a large region of country round about. The north part of this 
 township furnished several Gospel guns, who met there regularly for target 
 practice, the hardened sinners being the targets. Some of them fired solid 
 shots of truth, while others hurled empty, screeching, bursting shells, the frag- 
 ments of which hit by accid-ent, but sometimes did fearful execution. There 
 were Thomas and Joel B. Taylor, father and son, the former gone home ; J. 
 D. Williams, now living at Ackley ; James Johnson, living at Camanche ; John 
 B. Nichols and Otis Cutler, gone to their reward, besides many others from 
 other pkces round about. I have been told that the wicked Avere sometimes 
 \'ery turbulent over there, and it has ever been said that the professedly pious 
 too sometimes wandered from the paths of moral rectitude. On one occasion, 
 it is said that an old preacher, in rebuking those who were indecorous in their 
 behavior, said it seemed to him as though the worst 'helements' in society 
 congregated there. It has long since ceased to be a place where God is 
 ivorshiped. The development of the country has made new centers for busi- 
 ness and religious worship, and the church has been torn down and moved to 
 this township, near the residence of old Mr. Conally. It has been rebuilt, 
 much improved, and is a useful as well as ornamental structure in the neighbor- 
 hood. In it are held many religious meetings by clergymen located in the 
 vicinity, and from it the dead are buried in an adjacent cemetery. 
 
 '* Old Mrs. Van Voltenbergh died in 1846, aged sixty-five years. Her's 
 •was the first funeral sermon preached in the township. Rev. John Ster- 
 ling was the minister, who lived in the big woods beyond Rome, or Olin, as 
 it is now called. Old Mr. Van Voltenbergh died in 1853, aged eighty-five 
 years. 
 
 " William Knight moved into this township in 1840, about a year after 
 the first settlement was made. I have not been able to learn much of his ante- 
 cedents. The whole family left this part of the country many years ago, and 
 located in California, where Mr. Knight died. He first located on tlie farm 
 owned by S- G. Franks, then where Henry Aldrich resides, then on the 
 farm owned by J. B. Wherry, and from here moved to California. I said 
 he came in 1840. There may be some mistake about this, for there 
 are some reasons for believing that he Avas here at the time of Noah's flood, 
 and he might have been Noah himself He would tell with great can- 
 dor of seeing this valley deeply submerged with water, and tradition 
 says he boasted of having swum from the present residence of Henry Aldrich 
 to this hill, with a log-chain around his neck. For aught I know, this 
 valley might have been the theater of Jonah's wonderful exploits, and Mr. 
 Knight might have been Jonah himself, or, if the doctrine taught by some is 
 true, he might have been the whale that swallowed Jonah ; at any rate, he 
 had a very large mouth. In conversation, he was vehement and boisterous, 
 but is said to have been quite a kind-hearted man. His wife was entitled to 
 the lasting gratitude of many of the earlier settlers. On many and oft-repeated 
 occasions, she visited the sick and aftlicted, ministering to their necessities and 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 491 
 
 alleviating their suiferings. She ivas a useful woman, and this simple sentence 
 tells more than would a whole volume written in the interests of fashion. 
 
 " Johnson Knight and Anna Simpson were the first persons married in the 
 township. Who performed the ceremony, whether it was a wedding in high 
 life or not, what the bridal presents were, or how many cigars it took to pre- 
 vent the boys from "serenading" them, I have been unable to ascertain. The 
 bride probably thought that Knight Avas not always darkness. The Knight 
 boys were very useful in breaking up and subduing these primitive prairies. 
 Ten yoke of oxen, hitched to a plow that turned a furrow three feet wide, was 
 a terror to the indolent rattlesnake, and a caution to the Indian to ' stand from 
 under.' Indeed, it looked a good deal like business to a white man to see ten 
 yoke of oxen drawing a plow that was turning a furrow a yard wide, not guided 
 by human hands, the oxen being driven by a man on horseback, with a whip 
 that looked like a long fisiiing-pole, with a lash for a line, big enough to hold 
 Jonah's whale. To those of us who, in early life, were accustomed to plow in 
 the stony and stumpy grounds of the East, with fields so small that our heads 
 became dizzy with frequent turning, it looked strange to see a furrow as straight 
 as an arrow, a mile in length, turning over the rich, black prairie soil that had 
 been enriched from year to year by deposits from the decay of its own produc- 
 tions, adding the fertilizing wealth of unknown ages to its latent productive 
 resources. On every acre of this prairie land were tons of roots of various 
 grasses, woven and interwoven so as to form a fibrous mass, which, when 
 exposed to the air and warmed by summer heat and moistened by summer 
 showers, decayed, adding their fertilizing influence to the great future's useful 
 vegetation. In those primitive days, the ox did the greater part of the work 
 connected with farming. The almost universal use of the horse for domestic 
 purposes is a modern innovation in this region. Twenty or twenty-five years 
 ago, it was a very common thing to see six or eight yoke of oxen with an empty 
 wagon attached, coming to town. It looked a little extravagant, and a waste 
 of power ; but remember, when men were breaking prairie then, there were no 
 pastures to put cattle into, and, if the plow needed repairs, the whole force had 
 to go Avith it. 
 
 " The first sod that yielded to the plowshare in this township Avas about 
 where Green street is located, and commenced at the creek and ran east to 
 where stands those cottonAvood trees in the road, north of S. G. Franks, a dis- 
 tance of three-quarters of a mile. There Avere no cottonwood trees there then ; 
 those trees are of later growth. The Indian must have thought that the world 
 was being turned upside down, as he witnessed the rolling-over of the prairie 
 sod. Little did his untutored mind contemplate the great process of civiliza- 
 tion that was being begun. Little did he dream that that was the beginning of 
 a process that, in a short time, would change the productions of the soil of this 
 valley, from grass that was used only to kindle the prairie fire, to fields of 
 golden grain for the use of man and beast, and help develop this Western coun- 
 try and give it the grand name, 'the granary of the Avorld.' 
 
 "FIRST SCHOOLHOUSE. 
 
 " The first schoolhouse in the toAvnship Avas built half a mile east of S. G. 
 Franks' residence, in 1844. The size Avas 12x14 feet, and Avas made of logs. 
 Silas Garrison Avas the teacher, the number of scholars seven, the price Avas 
 ^8 a month, the teacher boarding himself. The Indians Avere much delighted 
 with school, and Avould often go in to visit it, and, I suppose, note its progress. 
 
492 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 They seemed to be superintendents of the institution generally, and after 
 becoming satisfied with its workings, would give the Indian grunt and leave. 
 
 "FIRST STORE. 
 
 " The first store opened in the township was Avhere Daniel Cooley now lives, 
 or in a framed building standing in front of his present fine residence. The 
 merchant was M. Q. Simpson, and, I think, he was once Sheriff of the county. 
 There was talk at that time of laying out a town at that place, but like many 
 such projects in the West, ended in talk. That part of Jones County now 
 embraced in the townships of Washington, Clay, Scotch Grove, Madison and 
 Wyoming. Avas first organized under the name of Clay Precinct, and the first 
 election held at Abraham Hostetters. on Farm Creek, north of Walter's jNlills. 
 I have been informed that at the third election there were twenty-one votes 
 polled from the territory now constituting the five townships before mentioned. 
 
 " ORGANIZATION OF THE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 " Pierce Township was organized April 3, 1854, at the house of William 
 Stuart, now the residence of John Lamey. I judge from the town records that 
 the organization of a township was a very simple affair. The electors of what 
 is now Wyoming Township assembled at the house of Mr. Stuart, according 
 to previous notice. From what authority the notice emanated, I know not, but 
 it was called for the purpose of organizing a township and holding one of the 
 semi-annual elections. The meeting was called to order, and the venerable 
 Nathan Potter, who died in the summer of the present year (1879), at eighty- 
 six years of age, was called to the chair. He was a man of sterling integrity 
 and genuine worth. He moved into this township from Jackson County in 
 1853; was formerly from Ohio. He leaves within our borders one son, James 
 Potter, and one daughter, the wife of E. jNI. Franks. The electors then pro- 
 ceeded to the election of Judges of Election, which resulted in the choice of 
 Thomas Green, William Stuart and George Vaughn. Thomas Green, a native 
 of New York, moved from Indiana to Jones County, and settled in the Big 
 Woods in 1840. He attended the first land sale held in the Territory, at 
 Dubuque. In 1852, Mr. Green moved in this township and bought William 
 Knight's claim for the sum of ^1,340. This claim consisted of a log house 
 and the frame of a new house, standing on the fiat, north of J. B. 
 Wherry's barn, with eighty acres of land fenced and twenty-five acres broke, 
 and all the land that joined him. Mr. Green moved the frame of that house 
 on to the hillside, completed it and lived in it nearly twenty years. In it he 
 probably entertained as many persons with prodigal hospitality as any man in 
 the township. That house is still doing service as the residence of H. H. 
 Peck, in Madison Township. Mr. Green entered the land on which is located 
 the town of Wyoming in 1852. He soon became the most extensive farmer 
 in Wyoming, and brought into the township the first reaper. It was one of 
 McCormick's best, a huge thing, painted blue. Its reel rolled around and 
 looked like an ancient, ponderous overshot wheel. It was vastly superior to 
 to the Armstrong reaper, that had been in use so long before. It took four 
 horses to draw that machine, but in its track was left the smooth stubble and 
 the well-arranged gavel. Mr. Green i'? the only survivor of those three Judges 
 of that first election. He recently went West. George Vaughn, the father of 
 Philander Vaughn, died the same year, on the farm now owned by Elizabeth 
 
HISTOKY OF JONES COUNTY. 493 
 
 Aldrich. He came to this town in 1853 from Ohio. William Stuart went to 
 California several years ago, where he died. He came to this town from Ohio 
 in 1853. The Clerks of that election were Hezekiah Moore and L. W. Stew- 
 art. The former was at one time engaged in the mercantile business in this 
 town and now lives in Canton. The latter is the proprietor of the Ke3'stone 
 Mills, and has been honored by the people in Jackson County with a seat in 
 both branches of the State Legislature. After the election and qualification of 
 these officers, the election was held for State Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
 tion, County Fund Commissioner and township officers. Nathan Potter was 
 the first Assessor, and Seaborn Moore and W. H. Holmes, Justices of the 
 Peace ; R. Durgin, A. J. Perrin and Samuel Conally were the first Trustees ; 
 Hezekiah Moore was the Township Clerk ; Sedley C. Bill and Thomas Silsbie, 
 Constables. The number of votes polled was sixty-three. Of that number, 
 two have gone West, twenty are in the vicinity and twenty-seven have joined 
 that throng going to the pale realms of shade. The record of the subsequent 
 elections tells its own story of the rapid settlement of the township. In 1855, 
 there were 109 ; in 1856, there were 166 ; in 1859, there w^ere 184. indicating 
 an aggregate gain in three years of 600 people in a single township. Elections 
 were then held twice a year. They doubtless considered them a good thing, a 
 sort of holiday, and it seems a little strange that while they were enjoying this 
 inherent right of an American citizen to such an extent that they did not 
 extend that right to the females. This is the only evidence I have seen of 
 selfishness on the part of early settlers. 
 
 "I have not been able to discover any reason why the township was called 
 Pierce, but suppose it was from the fact that Franklin Pierce, of New Hamp- 
 shire, was at that time President of the United States, and a majority of the 
 voters were Democrats and they desired to magnify his great name, and, 
 hence, called the township Pierce. The position the President assumed in ref- 
 erence to the Missouri Compromise line and the Kansas-Nebraska Act, alienated 
 many of his former friends and exasperated his former opponents, and may 
 have been, in part, the real reason why thjC name was changed in order to blot 
 his name from the future records of the township. In the winter of 1856-57, 
 a petition was circulated and numerously signed, to have the name of the 
 township changed. The petition was sent to Judge Holmes, he being the Rep- 
 resentative from this county, who introduced a bill in the Legislature to have 
 the same changed from Pierce to Wyoming. * * * * 
 
 ***** Compared with Wyoming, Maquo- 
 
 keta and Anamosa are quite ancient towns, and a distance of forty miles inter- 
 venes. There Avas an actual necessity for the location of a town between the 
 places to accommodate the mechanical, manufacturing and commercial wants 
 of a large section of country that Avould soon resound with the activities of 
 various industries. Land-sharks and speculators had often looked upon the 
 possessions of Thomas Green with covetous eyes, as a natural place to build a 
 town, being equidistant "from the towns mentioned, while north and south 
 there was hardlv a town between Dubuque and Davenport. Before the town 
 of Wyomino- was located, building had commenced in anticipation of such an 
 event' The main road, and, in fact, the only road in this vicinity as traveled, 
 was from east to west, and was a continuation of the road from the top of the 
 hill at Mr. Elwood's, east across the north end of our cemetery and north of J. 
 B. Wherry's orchard, and connected with the road running south of R. B. 
 Hanna's farm. In 1854, on this road near the corner of J. B. Wherry's 
 orchard, William P. L. Russell (now in Chicago), built a small building in 
 
494 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 which he lived and kept a store. I don't suppose his stock of goods was equal 
 to that of the late A. T. Stewart, of New York, or that of Field, Leiter & 
 Co., of Chicago, but he did sell sixteen pounds of sugar for ^1, and not very 
 good sugar either. About one year previous to this, William H. Vaughn had 
 built a blacksmith-shop a little north of Russell's store, on the southeast corner 
 of Barton Loomis' farm. You Avill readily see that the two first buildings 
 erected in Wyoming were not in Wyoming at all; you will also see that the 
 first buildings were for business. This embryo town was called Marshfield, 
 after one C. J. Marsh, who was represented to have influence with a railroad 
 company, then in its formative stage. A post office was established, also 
 called Marshfield, and Mr. Russell duly installed Postmaster. Thus, with Mr. 
 Green's house for a hotel, Mr. Russell's for a store and post office, and 
 Vaughn's blacksmith-shop, the town was a fixed fact and almost a Western 
 city. Strange as it may seem, with all these evidences of a town, men would 
 pass through this hatching city just emerging from its prairie shell, and not 
 see it or hear its business peep. John Tasker, living on his farm three miles 
 north of here, accidentally heard of a town, not far away, having sprung up 
 almost by magic. One day he thought he would go down to Marshfield and 
 see the town, transact a little business and become acquainted with the business 
 men of the place, and, if possible, learn how soon his farm would be engulfed 
 in the growing city. So ornamenting his shoulders with a plow-lay to be 
 sharpened, and his pockets full of letters to be mailed, he started off across 
 the prairie on foot. 
 
 "Wrapped in thought and lost in meditative mood, he passed along through 
 the town without seeing hotel, post office, shop or store till he arrived at the 
 residence af A. W. Pratt. Here he called, and in Scotch accents inquired the 
 road to Marshfield. Mrs. Pratt, with a broad smile, told him he had just 
 passed through the town. She little thought, as that smile wore away, that 
 she had been laughing in the face of one of Wyoming's future statesmen. 
 
 The public highway being north of Mr. Green's house and building beginning 
 there, with the subsequent laying-out of the town where it is, explains why Mr. 
 Green's barn always seemed to be in the front yard of his old house. It was 
 supposed then that the town would be built on the ground occupied in the year 
 1877 for the Fourth of July celebration. In 1854, the Iowa Central Air-Line 
 Railroad Company was organized with S. S. Jones, of Illinois, as President. 
 Starting from Sabula, on the Mississippi River, a line was looked up running 
 to Maquoketa, thence to Anamosa, Mariori' and west to the Missouri River. 
 Application was made to Congress for assistance, by way of a land . grant, 
 which was obtained in the spring of 1856, and Lyons made the point from 
 which to leave the Mississippi River. Everything now seemed to be on the 
 high-road to prosperity in the whole country that was to be tributary to the 
 business of this contemplated road. Land advanced in price, and he who had 
 a few forties was soon to be a millionaire, while he who had an eligible town 
 site possessed a golden Mecca, where those who worshiped at Mammon's 
 shrine would congregate and fill his pockets with gold in exchange for land in 
 parsimonious parcels. A corps of engineers had been over the line proposed 
 and permanently located it, and the valley of the Big Bear Creek was considered 
 the route. 
 
 " J. A. Bronson, from Wyoming County, N. Y., visited this section in 
 June, 1854, and bought of Thomas Green the present town site at $14 per 
 acre, and, with his brother, B. K. Bronson, and C. J. Marsh, laid out the 
 town of Wyoming in the winter of 1855, intending to call it Marshfield. 
 
niSTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 495 
 
 People abroad not knowing why it was called Marshfield, thought it must be a 
 wet, marshy country, and the name on that account was a little obnoxious. 
 Emigrants were pouring into the State by thousands, all intent upon locating 
 in the best town or on the best lands. Bronson would go away from home and 
 meet people looking for places to settle. He would, in glowing terms, represent 
 to them the advantages of this town and the beautiful country around. It was 
 wonderful to see the enthusiasm he would manifest in describing the beauty and 
 fertility of his chosen s.pot. It was painful to see his disappointment and 
 chagrin when they would timidly ask ' If the name of his town indicated the 
 general condition of the country?' The disappointed look soon changed to 
 one of indignation as he almost fiercely replied, 'No, sir.' 'The poet,' said he. 
 ' may sing "What's in a name," if he choose, but, unless we change the name 
 of our town, its prospects will be ruined.' Wj^oming, Waverly and Westfield 
 were suggested. Some said, 'Call the town Bronson,' and James A. quickly 
 replied, 'I am too modest for that.' Bronson favored Wyoming. He had 
 lived in its fertile valley, and his childhood's home was associated with its 
 euphonious memories in the far East. It was familiar both in history and song. 
 In history it is connected with one of the bloodiest massacres in the annals of 
 American barbarity, while in song it is commemorated in sweetest melodies. 
 These were the reasons why the name of the town was changed and Wyoming 
 substituted for Marshfield. It was never recorded as Marshfield, but by com- 
 mon consent was to be called and known by that name. I was speaking of the 
 Old Air-Line Railroad, but digressed a little to speak of Wyoming and its 
 name. In the summer of 1856, work was commenced along the whole line, 
 from a few miles west of here to the Mississippi River. To do this work there 
 came quite an army of sturdy laborers with pick and shovel, with scraper and 
 cart. They Avere ready to make the 'crooked straight and the rough places 
 smooth,' upon which to lay the iron track for the hoofless steed, as with panting 
 breath he should obey the commands of commerce and respond to dictates of 
 the hurried traveler. On Pleasant Ridge there grew a mushroom town. There 
 was a hotel, a shop and store and many shanties, too. Irishmen with wit and 
 brogue were as thick as fiddlers are said to be in Tophet's roar. The winter 
 was terrible, the cold exceedingly severe. Horses died from exposure and were 
 taken to the 'dump,' the engineer computing their value by the yard. Toes, 
 fingers and noses were frozen and strong men cried as they were hurried to the 
 cut and dump. 
 
 " 'Money became scarce, our hopes to zero dropped; 
 
 The price of hind and corner lots fell ; 
 
 And envy said : " That's Wyoming's knell." ' 
 
 " We saw the laborers 'lay down the shovel and the hoe;' we witnessed the 
 departure of long lines of carts and shanties piled thereon, while something 
 seemed to say : 
 
 " 'The Old Air Line is dead, 
 
 And Bronson's hopes have fled.' 
 
 " The town on Pleasant Ridge was gone, and of all that busy throng who 
 labored there, there are left but the Lameys — Michael, Thomas and John. Of 
 those who labored in the valley, and made yonder grass-covered roadbed, there 
 is left but one — John Gorman, one of Hale's wealthy and enterprising farm- 
 ers. S. S. Jones, of Illinois, was the President of that railroad company, and 
 his course in connection therewith was the subject of much animadversion 
 along the line of the contemplated road. He afterward became a spiritualist, 
 and was shot some months ago in Chicago, by the husband of his alleged 
 
496 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 paramour. Whether his apparent duplicity was intentional, accidental, or 
 unavoidable, I am not prepared to say. But if he was guilty of one-half 
 of the misdemeanors alleged, he is probably sojourning where an interview 
 would be very uncomfortable. 
 
 '• I said the town of Wyoming was laid out in the winter of 1855. In 
 February of that year, A. G. Brown brought the first load of lumber into the 
 town. It was for J. M. Smith & Chapin, who had made arrangements to 
 build a cabinet-shop, and for this purpose built a part -of what is now the Val- 
 ley House. It was raised the 15th day of April, and Ogden's old store build- 
 ing, on the corner opposite, was raised on the 17th day of May. When 
 completed, it was occupied by J. A. Bronson as a store. Neal Brainard & 
 Sons built the back part of what is now the Bissell House the same year. 
 These were the first three buildings in the town. Then Russell moved his 
 store over. Many w'ill recollect the building when I state that it was the one 
 occupied by the Rev. Peter Woodard as a cooper-shop in after years, and stood 
 between D. E. Brainard's house and Irving Green's old drug-store. During 
 this summer, Mr. Russell built a house that looked some like a grain car, a 
 little west of George Milner's. A man by the name of Corliss built a house 
 on the lot now owned by C. A. Wildy. Compared with its base, its altitude 
 was fearful. H. C. Gleason built part of the house of Mr. Shibley. The 
 Hood mansion was built in the fall of the same year. It was built for a hotel, 
 and was kept by John Wright. It stood on Main street, opposite John A. 
 White's residence. A blacksmith-shop was built on the vacant lot of Mrs. 
 Perkins. Early in the history of Wyoming, there was manifested a commend- 
 able interest in the education of the young. On the first Monday in May, 
 1855, the electors of School District No. 4, Pierce Township, met for the pur- 
 pose of choosing officers for the ensuing year. The district then embraced a 
 large extent of territory. The records show that A. G. Brown was elected 
 Secretary, and A. W. Pratt, Treasurer. From this latter circumstance, I 
 judge that a part of Madison Township was included in the school district. At 
 that first meeting, the electors resolved to build a schoolhouse. At an adjourned 
 meetinoj, it was resolved that said schoolhouse should be located between the 
 west line of Pierce Township and Bear Creek, and near the line dividing J. A. 
 Bronson's and Thomas Green's land, and should not cost to exceed $500. The 
 28th of August following, the contract for building was awarded to W. J. 
 Brainard, he being the lowest bidder, for the sum of ^580. At a subsequent 
 meeting of the electors of the distMct, this action was ratified, and the school- 
 house was to be completed by the 1st of November. It Avas located on the 
 corner east of W. T. Fordham's residence, and was a very plain, barn-like 
 structure. It served a twofold purpose, viz., as an institution of learning and 
 a house of worship. The first winter, W. H. Alden taught the young idea 
 how to shoot. The number of scholars was fifty-nine, and they came from the 
 Wapsie's stormy banks, the mineral prairies of the north, and from Madison 
 City on the west, then Wyoming's formidable rival. Here they were taught 
 the mysteries of science by the Massachusetts teacher. He has since turned 
 his attention to agricultural pursuits, and his broad acres of well-tilled fields, 
 commodious house and capacious barns tell us of his success in other depart- 
 ments than as an educator. Meetings were held in that house sometimes day 
 and night. That winter there was a powerful revival. Stevenson was the 
 Methodist preacher in charge, and he called to his aid Gospel men of local 
 notoriety in other parts of the township. The interest became so great that 
 the school was suspended for a time, so there might be held meetings during 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 497 
 
 the day. The schoolhouse was the only house of worship for five or six years, 
 and on Sunday it was kept warm from early morn till late at night, to give 
 different persuasions time to preach the Gospel, ventilate their creeds, and 
 dwell upon their peculiar dogmas. There were represented two branches of the 
 Presbyterians, the Methodist, and United Brethren, with an occasional dis- 
 course from some other denomination. They seemed to mix up very har- 
 moniously, and why should they not ? They had in view one object, 
 actuated by one hope, stimulated by one faith, they looked forward to 
 one everlasting home. In matters of belief and church, they seemed to 
 act upon the maxim, ' You compliment my dogma and I will compli- 
 ment yours,' and all was harmonious. I recollect one sermon in par- 
 ticular that I heard in that old schoolhouse; the subject was 'Hades.' 
 I give the preacher's own pronunciation, but I have heard scholars say 
 that 'Ha-des' is correct. With classic lore he told of the Greek deriva- 
 tion of the word, and in graphic phrase pictured death, the grave and the 
 invisible beyond. It made a wonderful impression upon me, which was dis- 
 pelled the next day when I accidentally discovered him borrowing a load of 
 wood from a neighboring grove without liberty. Yet I think he ought not to 
 be censured, for the winter was cold and the brethren had neglected to furnish 
 the necessary material to keep him and his helpless children warm. I mention 
 this incident not as being a reproach upon the preacher, but to teach the breth- 
 ren a useful moral lesson, viz., that ministers, though warmed within by grace 
 divine, need something more material with which to warm their shins and cook 
 their dinner. In the spring of 18G4, a small addition was made to the school- 
 house, and, in the spring of 1867, it was burned to the ground and all the 
 people said amen. During that summer, the present school building was 
 erected at a cost of nearly $9,000, including the lots on which it stands. It is 
 more useful than ornamental. During the summer of 1856, there was built 
 Mrs. McClure's house, Irving Green's drug store, Haines' old store building, 
 Newcomb Williams' house, Chester Johnson's blacksmith-shop. Where Phil. 
 Alberry lives, Thomas Taylor built Swigart's house; Roach, Miss Julia 
 McClure's house; Cook, the lower part of Mr. Close's house, Haines' house, 
 Lowell's blacksmith-shop, now Grindrod's, John White's house, the house that 
 stood in front of Spitzer's new residence, and the house where Ned Luke 
 recently lived ; the two latter were built by the Rev. 'Fillibuster' Walker. Rev. 
 Horace Holmes built on the lot where Mr. Peck resides, the old house having been 
 moved, and is now owned by Mr. Wilkins. My old house was built, now 
 owned by Frank Richards. The same summer WilUam P. L. Russell and 
 J. A. Bronson commenced building the Bronson Block, now owned by Spitzer 
 & Bronson, and nearly completed the walls before winter. The uncertain con- 
 dition of the railroad prospects and the hard times were a serious blow to 
 Wyoming. Bronson's Block stood like an old haunted castle. People thought 
 there must be a railroad or there would be no town, and it Avas several years 
 before prosperity seemed to perch upon our banner. The financial crisis of 
 1857 found the people struggling under an incubus of debt incurred in time of 
 prosperity. The stringency of the money market, the low prices of all kinds 
 
 of agricultural products, put an embargo upon most contemplated improvements. 
 
 * * * * ** * * * * 
 
 " THE METHODISTS. 
 
 "The Methodists held their first meeting in Thomas Green's barn in June, 
 1855, and formed a class. It was then a part of Mineral Creek Circuit, and 
 
498 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Joel B. Taylor was the preacher in charge, and J. G. Diuimitt was the Presid- 
 ing Elder. I think the latter was a sound man on some theological points. I 
 once heard him say that 'a lazy man was one of God's nuisances,' and I con- 
 sider that a point in theology too much neglected. The Church has been very 
 prosperous from its first organization, and very harmonious since the completion 
 of its church edifice. For ten years, the meetings were held in the schoolhouse. 
 They would all agree quite pleasantly, would talk, sing and pray with fervor, 
 and wish for a house of worship. They were willing to give both time and 
 money to procure a church edifice ; but when location was talked, there was 
 always trouble. On the hill, in numbers, they were the strongest. On the 
 flat, they felt the omnipotent power of money. That little stream, innocent, in 
 itself, to the brethren on the hill was a perfect terror. To the brethren on the 
 hill, that flat was worse than the Slough of Despond, described by Bunyan ; 
 while to the brethren on the flat, that hill was worse than the Hill Difficulty, 
 described by the same author. I have seen men go down to Jordan's stormy 
 river more complacent than those brethren would approach the little rivulet. 
 In the early history of the town, there was a great, but not always commenda- 
 ble, rivalry between the two sections. Where stand those brick blocks, the 
 pride and ornament of the village, was considered way out of town, and yet 
 they were hardly a stone's throw from what was then considered a wonderful 
 place of business. In its business relations, this rivalry entered the Methodist 
 Church, and for a long time prevented them from building a house of worship. 
 Various expedients were resorted to to reconcile the inharmonious elements. 
 At one time, it was thought best to raise the subscription and let that locate 
 the church. * * * * * * Bishop 
 
 Haven said that ' every town has some building or structure that denotes its 
 folly.' This Methodist Church building came near proving the rule true in 
 reference to Wyoming. It had been Tjuilt for a mill, by a stock company. 
 The war and other circumstances caused the work on the mill to be stopped 
 Avhen the walls were up and the roof partly on. Here it stood with its win- 
 dows open, but not as now — toward Jerusalem. Owls, doves and bats found 
 homes in its attic. Its basement was filled with cribs of corn ; but no famine 
 made a demand for it, and part of it, at last, was fed to swine in the cellar 
 below. Tired of its dilapidated look, the stockholders, with one or two excep- 
 tions, proff"ered to donate it to the Methodist society, if they would finish it 
 for a church. The offer was accepted, the vestibule added, the Church united, 
 and, as the result, we have this comfortable, convenient and almost elegant 
 church. It was dedicated by the Rev. A. J. Kynett September 3, 1866. 
 Who the first officers of the Church were the records do not tell. J. B. Tay- 
 lor, Stevenson, A. Bronson, F. Amos, H. Bradshaw, J. Scholes, J. H. Todd, 
 H. Taylor, R. Hawn, L. Catlin, G. R. Manning, W. A. Allen, B. C. Barnes, 
 L. Taylor, H. H. Green, W. E. McCormac and J. A. Kerr have been Pastors. 
 No minister has died, while ministering to this Church, since its organization. 
 Two local preachers have died, who, in the early history of the Church, did 
 much to encourage and sustain it. They were Rev. Ansel Brainard and Rev. 
 Thomas Bronson. Both had long been identified with the Church, were ripe 
 in years and rich in faith. 
 
 " PRESBYTERIANS. 
 
 " The Presbyterian was the first church edifice in the town or in the town- 
 ship. The Rev. George E. Delavan, then living at Maquoketa, having occa- 
 sion to pass through Wyoming, was pleased with its location, and, upon his 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 499 
 
 representations, the Rev. James H. Spellman, a home missionary, came here 
 to look up the interests of Zion, in connection with the organization of a Pres- 
 byterian Church. 
 
 " On the 17th day of May, 1857, a society was organized, as preliminary 
 to the organization of a Church. A constitution was adopted, and Joseph 
 Bryan, John Morse and Emmons Leonard, elected Trustees ; A. W. Pratt, 
 Treasurer, and A. M. Loomis, Clerk. The Rev. George E. Delavan became 
 the Pastor. Articles of Incorporation were adopted April 8, 1859. The 
 organization was effected at the house of A. W. Pratt. A. M. Loomis, A. W. 
 Pratt, Jeremiah Gard, Thomas Haines, Sr., and A. M. B. Stiles were the 
 members Avho signed those Articles of Incorporation. The Church thus con- 
 sisted of six members. Four of them had passed the meridian of life, and two 
 were young and full of hope. 
 
 " Capt. Loomis is the only one left in our midst to tell the old story of the 
 organization of that Church, by those half-dozen men. How widely divergent 
 have been their paths. Pratt, in Massachusetts ; Bryan, gone West ; Haines, 
 gone North ; Stiles, in Chicago ; Gard, moved to Kansas in the spring of 1878. 
 He felt the infirmities of age, and remarked to the writer that he had only a 
 little while to stay, and if the boys could do better in Kansas, he was willing 
 to go. He died there in the fall of the same year. He was an upright man, 
 a good neighbor and a sincere Christian. He organized a Sabbath school on 
 Pleasant Ridge, and was the efficient Superintendent. His LiSt meeting with 
 his school was very affect-ng, and seemed more like a father bidding adieu ta 
 a family, than simply a neighbor moving away. He was not afraid to die. 
 ******** When the news of his death 
 was received here, every heart was sad, and all, with one accord, said, in sober 
 accents, ' Uncle Jerry died among strangers.' In Kansas, he organized another 
 Sabbath school, and died with harness on. 
 
 " He had been twice married, and twice he had followed to the grave his 
 partners. He left one daughter and four sons. He had lived in Wyoming 
 nearly a quarter of a century, and had reached nearly fourscore years. 
 
 " During the summer of 1860, the old church edifice was erected. The Rev. 
 Trowbridge, of Dubuque, laid the corner-stone, with proper ceremonies. An exca- 
 vation has been made in the stone, where the records of the church, a copy 
 of the Eureka and several other articles, were deposited in a sealed box. Mr. 
 Delavan, the Pastor, was untiring in his efforts to build that church. He 
 wrote, begged and worked, until his efforts were crowned with success. He 
 witnessed the gradual rising of its walls with pride and pleasure, till the last 
 brick Avas laid and the last flourish given by the mason's trowel. With one 
 blast from the breath of Omnipotence, those walls were razed to the ground. 
 The faithful gathered around to view the ruins, and with philosophic and pious 
 mien, in solemn chorus, said 
 
 " ' It was to be, 
 It's God's decree 
 From time's beginning.' 
 
 " Fondly cherished hopes were blasted. The numerical and financial feeble- 
 ness of the Church almost made the idea of rebuilding hopeless. Standing on 
 one corner of those ruins, Mr. Delavan, with uplifted hand, said : ' With 
 God's assistance, these walls shall be rebuilt.' His untiring energy was again 
 called into activity. He visited remote parts of the county, enlisted the 
 
500 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 sympathies of men and women abroad, and again had the satisfaction of seeing 
 those walls rising in place. ****** 
 
 " Mr. Dolavan was the only minister that has died in Wyoming while sustain- 
 ing pastoral relations to any of the churches, and he deserves very honorable 
 mention in connection witli the growth of Wyoming and its moral and religious 
 development. He was an active worker in the field for the benefit of his fellow- 
 men. The first winter after he came here, he organized a library association, 
 and succeeded in gathering together quite a number of volumes of valuable 
 books. He also caused to be read a paper. It was a semi-monthly publica- 
 tion, and was edited and read by a person appointed at each meeting, thus 
 
 giving the editor two wrecks to write his editorials. It was called The Iris. 
 
 ******** 
 
 " Some time in the fall of 1860, Mr. Delavan was attacked with bleeding 
 at the lungs. He continued his ministrations after he became so weak that he 
 could not stand while he preached ; but, sitting in his chair and breathing with 
 difficulty, he proclaimed the great truths of the Gospel. I remember going in 
 to see him one morning, just as he was finishing his breakfast. He said to his 
 wife: 'Get the Bible, and we will have our usual family worship.' She 
 replied that she was fearful he was too much prostrated. Said he : 'I can 
 acknowledge God.' Then, sitting in his chair, he devoutly implored the divine 
 blessing upon his family and all mankind. March 18, 18G1, he passed serenely 
 from earth to receive the reward of the faithful, and his funeral was the first 
 religious service held in the church he had labored to build. He was a man 
 of marked ability, a thorough scholar, and, in his intercourse with men, exhib- 
 ited very many of those excellencies that should adorn and embellish Christian 
 character. His widow Avas left with four small children, in very limited circum- 
 stances. Trusting in the widow's God, she has done nobly. One son and one 
 daughter are well situated in Pittsburgh, Penn. ; one daughter is the wife of the 
 junior editor of the Anamosa Eureka, and the youngest son is the editor and 
 proprietor of a prosperous newspaper in Greene County, Iowa. 
 
 " The widow lives at Hopkinton, Iowa, and is at Avork for ' The Master.' 
 Her time, voice and pen are freely given for the benefit of the Sunday school 
 and missionary work. Her ' Bible Readings ' evince a thorough knowledge of 
 that book and a sincere belief in its wonderful teachings. Her addresses are 
 remarkably clear, and show an order of talent that wouli grace any pulpit in 
 the land. The ministers who followed Mr. Delavan as Pastors were Revs. 
 George R. Carroll, J. L. Janes, A. K. Baird, Mr. Lodg: and Mr. Goodale. 
 
 " Mr. Janes, while temporarily preaching at Floyd, was attacked with 
 cerebro-spinal meningitis, and died suddenly. He was brought here for burial. 
 His connection with the Church as Pastor had been so recent, his many acts 
 of kindness and generosity, his faithful preaching, his social manners, and all 
 relations, whether as Pastor, friend or neighbor, endeared him to the people, 
 whether in or out of the Church, and he was followed to the grave by a mourn- 
 ing community, who realized the great loss, but were consoled by the tiiought 
 that it was his gain. His widow lives in our midst, esteemed and respected. 
 Benevolent, generous and kind, with health much impaired, she patiently waits to 
 ' enter into the joy of the Master.' The son is a successful physician, and lives 
 at Newark, N. J. The daughter is the energetic and talented wife of E. B. 
 Champlin, Esq., of Wyoming. 
 
 II 
 
^^-—J^ 3^^. /^i^r^-^TT^^^ 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 503 
 
 " UNITED PRESBYTERIAN. 
 
 "This Church was organized November 4, 1859, by the Rev. Jonathan 
 Stewart, with twenty members. Samuel Coburn, Jesse Barrett and J. W. Wherry 
 were the first Elders. Coburn and Barrett are gone and Wherry alone of that 
 trio is left. Of this organization, I have but a few incidents to relate ; but, in 
 passing, will smply state — their church was built without ostentation ; they 
 sing the Psalms of inspiration, and mind their business with admiration, 
 
 " The first preacher I recollect connected with this denomination, was John 
 Anderson, a young man from Washington County, N. Y. He preached here 
 before the Church was organized. He was sent out as a supply, was quite 
 young, but his sermons were ripe with thought and careful preparation. He 
 preached good sermons full of beauty, pathos and power, one of which I well 
 remember. His subject was 'The Judgment Day,' and from the storehouse of 
 thought and the elevated planes of imagination, with Gospel truth and eloquent 
 zeal, he portrayed the scenes of that awful day. He warned, admonished, 
 entreated, and if any of those who heard him receive the reward of the workers 
 of iniquity, it will not be the fault of John Anderson. L. J. Crawford, J. U. 
 McClenahan and William Donaldson have been the installed Pastors. 
 
 "BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 " The Baptist Church, which, in the early history of Wyoming, had an existence 
 here, was organized on Pleasant Ridge, at the house of Judge Holmes, by his 
 father, Rev. Luther Holmes, in 1852. In 1858, it Avas transferred to this town, 
 where it retained an existence without any settled Pastor until 1862. At its 
 organization, there were six members. The largest number connected with the 
 Church at any one time was twenty-three, of whom two were united by baptism 
 and the rest by letter. The Church was feeble ; the removal of some and 
 the death of others diminished their number, and, after a struggle of nearly 
 six years, the organization was abandoned. 
 
 " Rev. Luther Holmes looated on Pleasant Ridge in 1851, and died in 
 1858. He was among the first resident ministers in the township. During his 
 residence here, his ministrations partook much of the character of our itinerant 
 preachers. In winter, private houses, and summer, the groves, were used for 
 Church purposes. His name is remembered as one of the early Christians who 
 taught both by precept and example. He died at the age of seventy years. 
 
 " I would be glad to mention various associations that had an existence, but 
 space forbids. Wyoming had its prosperous Lyceum, flourishing Literary and 
 Library Association, Horse Protection Society, often called Vigilance Commit- 
 tee, its object being as stated in its constitution, ' to ferret out offenders and 
 bring them to justice. ***** rpj^g 
 
 organization of these societies in all new countries is almost a necessity. 
 They are a terror to evil-doers, and the horse-thief and blackleg flee from the 
 ' wrath to come.' 
 
 " The old Iowa Mutual Insurance Company was formed here, just how early 
 I cannot tell, but should say about 1857. Milton Briggs was the Company, 
 and there were a few men they called Directors. The stock was represented 
 by energy, perseverance, and determination, and its surplus capital was invested 
 
 K 
 
504 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 in what is commonly called ' cheek.' It was astonishing to see what an amount 
 of this commodity could be bought with so small a surplus. It was a good 
 thing for Wyoming, and brought to our town many men and considerable 
 monev. It loaned money, and when its affairs were wound up, there was no 
 one to receive its indebtedness, or look after it, and that clever old statute of 
 limitations paid it. It favored the education of the young, and for this purpose 
 built a large schoolhouse in our town, and would have made it more ornamental, 
 if it had not been for short-sighted School Directors. It discharged its obliga- 
 tions with fidelity and paid its losses promptly. It might have been doing 
 business yet, but it was alleged that legislation was unfriendly, and its affairs 
 had better be wound up. 
 
 " In the spring of 1856, Thomas Green and Mr. Bodenhoffer built a steam 
 mill in the north part of the township. It has been torn down and removed. 
 It furnished lumber for most of the buildings that were being erected at that 
 time, and there is not a farm for miles around but what is fenced with lumber, 
 more or less of it coming from that mill. 
 
 " In our early history, all merchandise was brought in wagons from various 
 points on the Mississippi River ; afterward, London became the great shipping 
 point. In wet seasons, it was a severe task to get across the Wapsie Valley 
 and over some of the miry sloughs, both this side and beyond. For years, we 
 looked and hoped for a railroad connection directly east. At length, with aid 
 to the amount of -^40,000, the Davenport & St. Paul road was finished through 
 our town in the year 1871. ****** 
 
 * * * The Midland Railroad was finished through the north 
 
 part of the township the same year, and the town of Onslow commenced. By 
 
 the two railroads, our citizens have access to all points, north, east, south and west. 
 
 ********* 
 
 " The first doctor who lived on this town plot was Dr. Edwards. He came 
 in the spring of 1856. Of his antecedents, I know nothing ; of his skill, I 
 am entirely ignorant ; but it was said he bought a fine pacing horse of Nick 
 Countryman. One day, he paced out of town, and Nick's estate would be 
 glad to know if he is pacing yet. 
 
 " Among the first merchants were J. A. Bronson, Irving Green, Gilbert 
 & Kelly, Hendricks & King, B. K. Bronson, S. M. Bronson, A. G. 
 Brown, A. Bronson, S. K. Tourtellot, J. B. Allen, Hezekiah Moore, 
 Charles Gilbert and George Foote, Benjamin Stiles, L. D. &. D. E. Brain- 
 ard. The first tinner's name was White, and his shop was in the back part 
 of A. H. Persons' house. The latter was the first artist in the town, and 
 his rooms were at the house of Mr. Thomas Green. R. S. Williams was the 
 first successful brickmaker, and to him Wyoming is greatly indebted for its 
 bi-ick blocks and dwellings. His stores, halls and galleries, and shops of vari- 
 ous kinds, speak of merited success. The first hotels were kept by Brainards, 
 and in the business they got up a corner. Uncle Ansel and Daniel E. were 
 cornered where the Valley House stands, and Nial and his sons were cornered 
 where the Bissell House stands, and L. D. was cornered out on the prairie, a 
 mile east of town, but running a hotel. 
 
 " I have mentioned the earliest settlers, or those who came in 1839 and 
 1840. It is a short list and I repeat it : James Van Voltenbergh, with his sons 
 Joseph, Taylor, Peter and Dan, David Pence, William Knight, Garrisons, Simp- 
 sons. * * * * * * * * * 
 
 In 1842, John B. Nichols, the father of our druggist, moved on what is now 
 called South Prairie, and located on the farm now owned by Mr. John Byerly. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 505 
 
 He was the first settler in that vicinity. In the summer of 1842, he cut logs, 
 and drew them out on the prairie for a house. His farming occupying his time 
 for a few days, his track on the prairie was no longer visible, and he lost his 
 logs. A second lot of logs shared the same fate. When he drew the third set, 
 he took occasion to mark the road so that he could find them. You can judge 
 that there was pretty tall grass over there. He is said to have killed seventeen 
 rattlesnakes one morning before breakfast. 
 
 "In 1844, Joel B. Taylor and Seaborn Moore moved here. Taylor located 
 where Peter Byerly lives ; his father came a few years later. Seaborn Moore 
 was formerly from Georgia ; but he had been living in Indiana and Illinois long 
 enough to get himself and family thoroughly filled with a real genuine ague, 
 and he left that country to find a spot where the ague was unknown. Those of 
 you who know where he located will readily conclude that the ague would never 
 find him. It was a very secluded spot in the northeast corner of the township. 
 There were two ways to get there. You could follow up a narrow, crooked, 
 rocky ravine from toward Monmouth, or you could go over through the brush 
 toward Canton. No matter which way you went, you could always tell when 
 you were most to Esquire Moore's. When you had gone just about as far as 
 you could get, you felt very certain that you were pretty near Mr. Moore's. 
 There was no ague there. A pure spring of crystal water came up among the 
 rocks. Lightning had a peculiar attachment for that place, and often man- 
 ifested its power. There were in the family father, mother, seven boys and two 
 girls. Some of them, however, were married, and all became stout and robust. 
 In after life, five of those boys enlisted to fight the battles of their country 
 and against the the oppression of the native heath of their father. Those five 
 boys were as successful in dodging rebel bullets on battle-fields as they had been 
 heaven's artillery in the rocky ravine at home. Mr. Moore was the first Jus- 
 tice of the Peace in the township. 
 
 " John Tompkins came to Wyoming in 1846, and is one of the few who has 
 retained his first location. Sarles Tompkins, the father of Stillwell, came in 
 1848. He or Thomas Green built the first barn in the township ; both av ere 
 built the same year. Mr. Tompkins was killed while trying to load a log on 
 to a sled in 1862. John T. Lain, the father of Samuel, came into Wyoming 
 in 1849, and located on the farm now owned by Roderick Spencer. He sold 
 his claim afterward to Sweet and Lindsay, who claimed to be doctors ; but it is 
 said to be a question whether they were engaged in that laudable business or 
 stealing horses. He died some years ago. His widow is still in our midst, 
 tottering under the infirmities of age. 
 
 S. C. Bill, 0. J. Bill, L. D. Brainard and G. W. Fawcett came in 1851, 
 and located on Pleasant Ridge, and chained their wagons to the trees to keep 
 them from blowing away. They had heard of Iowa's balmy breezes and thought 
 they would anchor their prairie schooners to some trees and thus secure a foot- 
 ing on terra firma. They were the first settlers on that ridge, and came from 
 Ohio. They had traveled from the Buckeye State in wagons, during one of 
 the wettest seasons ever known, and when they got on to that ridge, they prob- 
 ably thought it like Mount Ararat, and they took possession of it. L. D. 
 Brainard pitched his tent on the Stephen Hamilton farm ; also entered some 
 timber-land in the east part of the township. This timber had been claimed 
 by some one from Jackson County, and the Claim Society from that county 
 came up to notify L. D. that he must get off that land. He heard what they 
 had to say, and then in language almost profane said, ' By the long wars, we 
 
506 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 have six rifles and plenty of ammunition. You undertake to drive me away from 
 
 here and we will show you that we know how to use them.' 
 
 * * * *"■* *.* * * ♦ 
 
 " He never heard of that Claim Society again. Brainard built a saw-mill 
 on Bear Creek, which was the first in this vicinity. He went West several 
 years ago. W. H. Holmes and Amos Bobbins came the same year. The latter 
 shot himself a few years later. Mr. Holmes is still in our midst. At the first 
 election in the township, he was elected Justice of the Peace ; has since been 
 Representative, Senator, County Judge and State Treasurer, and is now our 
 
 obliging Postmaster. 
 
 ******* *** 
 
 '• Samuel Conally, Sr., and Benjamin Wilson came into the township in 
 1851. In the two families, there were twenty-two persons ; and they are all liv- 
 ing except one. Thomas Conally went to California and died ; all the rest 
 remained in Iowa and lived. Mr. Conally lives on the land he then bought. 
 He is eighty-eight years old, and I believe is the oldest person in the township, 
 and is one of the few survivors of the of the war of 1812. 
 
 " Samuel Conally, Jr., lives in the first frame house that was built in the 
 township. It is the house where George Gilbert formerly lived. 
 
 " W. S. Johnson came in the spring of 1852, and William Stuart, in the 
 fall of the same year ; both located on the ridge. Mr. Johnson was at one 
 time a Representative in the Iowa Legislature. He died a few years ago, in 
 Connecticut, w'here he had gone for the benefit of his health. He leaves three 
 sons in Wyoming, and one (the Doctor) in Connecticut. Mr. Stuart was the 
 first Postmaster in the township. The post office was at his house, and was 
 called Pierce ; it was established in 1853. As before mentioned, Mr. Stuart 
 went to California and died. 
 
 " William Ingles came that year, and located in the east part of the town- 
 ship. Walter Trimble and James Tabor came the same year. The former ia 
 dead ; the latter lives in the southeast corner of the township, on a well-im- 
 proved farm, and is said to have the largest orchard of any man in the State. 
 John Russell and Jolm Sim were among the immigrants that year. The for- 
 mer lives in Clay Township, but the prominent offices he has held make him 
 familiar to us. He has been a member of the Legislature several terms, and 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives and State Auditor. In the fall of 
 1879, he was elected State Senator, to represent Jones and Cedar Counties. 
 His companion, John Sim, lives on the farm he bought from Uncle Sam, near 
 Onslow, and is spending the decline of his life in ease and retirement. He is 
 one of the noblest works of God — an honest man. 
 
 " Truman Eastman, the father of Joel, was among the arrivals that year 
 and located on the ridge; he died several years ago. His widow still lives on 
 the old homestead. 
 
 " Nathan Potter, Joseph and Hiram Wheeler, and Charles Gardner came 
 in 1853. 
 
 " Mr. Stingley located the same year on S. G. Franks" farm, and Widow 
 Seals on the land now owned by Charles Johnson and W. J. Brainard. John 
 Miller came that or the next year, and bought and improved the west part of 
 R. B. Hanna's farm. The house has been removed. 
 
 " Benson Stunkard and S. J. Pence also came that year. The latter 
 planted the first large orchard in the township, and, unlike many others, he 
 stays to enjoy its fruits. E. B. Nims came that year, and located where his 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTS. 507 
 
 widow now lives. William Tasker was also one of the settlers who came in 
 1853. He lived on a farm a little east of Onslow, a lonely bachelor, until he 
 found grace with Paul. His brother, John Tasker, came soon after, and has 
 been much interested in county politics, and has been a member of the House 
 of Representatives. Elijah Edwards, on Beers' Creek, was among the first 
 settlers of the township. Old Mr. Paul, the father of all the other Pauls and 
 of both of the Taskers' wives, came about the same time, and located on what 
 is now called South Prairie. He spent the decline of a well-spent life hon- 
 ored and respected, and surrounded by more children grown to mature years 
 than often falls to the lot of man. He died at the house ol his son John, 
 some years ago, at the age of seventy-eight. The evening before he died, he 
 sent for me to come and see him. When I sat down by his bedside, he said, 
 with his native politeness, ' I do not wish to take any medicine ; excuse me. I 
 sent for you to come and tell me how long you thought I would probably live.' The 
 fluttering pulse told that life was fast ebbing, but his mind was clear and serene. 
 No tremor shook his frame at the thought of death's cold embrace. He had 
 laid his treasures ' where moth and rust do not corrupt.' Before the morn- 
 ing sun had shed his rays on the beauties of earth, the spirit of Henry Paul 
 had gone to the realm of everlasting life. I have thus sketched some of the 
 early settlers up to the organization in 1854. The rapid increase after that 
 prevents further details. 
 
 & 
 " Most of us, ere we reach the half-century stake in Wyoming's progress, 
 will have finished our course. A few of those in middle age will be permitted 
 to linger on the threshold of the second half-century of our history, among the 
 increased beauties, enjoy the more exalted privileges, and appreciate better the 
 early sacrifices of those who were pioneers in molding, fostering and directing, 
 the early career and institutions of the township of Wyoming." 
 
 WYOMING IN 1879. 
 
 The flourishing town of Wyoming is very pleasantly situated in the south- 
 western portion of the township of the same name, and numbers at least a 
 thousand souls, nearly all of whom are Americans. The place was settled by 
 emigrants from the States of New York and Ohio. The Bear Creek runs 
 through the town and joins the Wapsipinicon River, about four miles from the 
 corporation limits, and afibrds something of a water-power for the use of the 
 inhabitants. The business portion is on the east side of Bear Creek, and the 
 business houses being built of brick give to the place a good substantial appear- 
 ance. The public-school building and the church edifices are plain, simple and 
 commodious, and bespeak that the inhabitants prefer convenience and comfort 
 above useless display and architectural ornament. The place was incor- 
 porated as a city in 1873. 
 
 OFFICIAL ROSTER. 
 
 1873 — Mayor, M. H. Calkins ; Recorder, T. E. Patterson ; Treasurer, 
 E. Perkins ; Marshal, L. V". Brainard ; Street Commissioner, J. W. Milner ; 
 Trustees— B. H. White, D. L. McDaniels, S. W. Johnson, T. M. Wilds and W. 
 J. Brainard. 
 
 1874 — Mayor, M. H. Calkins ; Recorder, C. S. Gilbert ; Treasurer, J. B. 
 McGrew ; Street Commissioner, J. W. Milner; Marshal, J. H. Countryman; 
 
508 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Assessor, L. F. Hartson ; Trustees — S. W. Johnson, B. H. White, D. L. Mc- 
 Daniels, T. M. Wilds and W. J. Brainard. 
 
 1875 — Mayor, John Waite ; Recorder, T. E. Patterson ; Treasurer, W. T. 
 Fordham ; Street Commissioner, John A.White, Sr.; Assessor, A. B. Holmes, 
 Trustees— D. L. McDaniels, W. J. Brainard, T. M. Wilds, S. W. Johnson and 
 Lansing Hoyer. 
 
 1876 — Mayor, J. A. Bronson : Recorder, P. D. Swigart ; Treasurer, A. 
 
 B. Holmes ; Trustees — W. H. Holmes, A. M. Loomis, M. H. Calkins, W. J. 
 Brainard and 0. L. Thompson. 
 
 1877 — Mayor, J. A. Bronson ; Recorder, P. D. Swigart ; Treasurer, 
 0. M. Watson ; Assessor, Ansel Bronson : Street Commissioner, William Ire- 
 land ; Trustees — W. J. Brainard, A. M. Loomis, A. E. Spitzer, T. R. Marshall 
 and H. Arnold. 
 
 1878 — Mayor, A. E. Spitzer ; Recorder, P. D. Swigart ; Treasurer, W, 
 T. Fordham ; Assessor, Ansel Bronson ; Street Commissioner, John A White, 
 Sr. ; Trustees — J. A. Bronson, J. White, Sr. : L. Hoyer, C. S. Gilbert and 
 H. Arnold. 
 
 1879 — Mayor, R. S. Williams ; Recorder, A. L. Trumbull ; Treasurer, 
 
 C. C. Horton ; Assessor, Ansel Bronson ; Street Commissioner, John A. 
 White, Sr. ; Trustees— A. E. Spitzer, A. E. Allen, F. 0. Ellison, S. W. 
 Johnson, A. M. Loomis and H. Arnold. 
 
 The present officials are opposed to the sale of intoxicating beverages, and 
 no saloons are licensed in the town. There are three churches, one graded 
 school, one newspaper, one national bank, three dry-goods stores, one merchant 
 tailor, one clothing store, one exclusively grocery store, two restaurants and 
 groceries combined, two drug stores, one flour and feed store, two harness-shops, 
 two shoe-shops, two millinery and dressmaking establishments, one furniture 
 store and undertaker, two meat markets, two hardware stores, one livery stable, 
 one lumber-yard, one barb-wire factory, one machine and wagon shop, two 
 blacksmith-shops, one cooper-shop, one barber-shop, one steam flouring-mill, 
 one creamery, one agricultural implement store, two hotels, three doctors, four 
 lawyers, two dentists, one architect and builder, one railroad office, one express 
 office and no saloons. 
 
 The people are thriving and industrious, and the prospects of the town 
 flattering. The Wyoming Creamery is situated here, and is a valuable acquisi- 
 tion to the town, which is well situated to secure the trade of a large and fertile 
 agricultural district. 
 
 Wyoming Journal. — The first newspaper published at Wyoming was in 
 December, 1870, by A. L. Smith, and was called the Wyoming Journal. 
 Smith continued the publication until March, 1872, and then moved his office 
 to Anamosa and began the publication of the Anamosa Journal, the history 
 of which is given elsewhere. After the lapse of a few weeks following Smith's 
 removal to Anamosa, Rev. E. Skinner purchased material and established a 
 newspaper office, and began the publication of a weekly paper, also entitled 
 the Wyoming Journal. Mr. Skinner filled the chair of editor and proprietor 
 for some months, and sold the office to N. W. Woodford, who continued the 
 publication something more than a year, and abandoned the enterprise, and the 
 office reverted to Rev. Mr. Skinner. For a time no paper was issued, when 
 the office was purchased by Messrs. Hunt & Howard, the publication resumed, 
 but the name was changed to Wyoming News. After a brief period, Mr. 
 Hunt became the sole proprietor, and the publication was continued to the close 
 of the first volume of the News. Again for a time no paper was published. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 509 
 
 In January, 1875, P. D. Swigart purchased the office of Messrs. Hunt & 
 Skinner, and resumed the publication of the Wyoming Journal, and still con- 
 tinues as editor and proprietor. Politically, the Journal maintained the prin- 
 ciples of the Republican party during its early years of publication, and until 
 the time when Mr. Hunt took control, and during his administration it was 
 neutral on political matters. Since 1875, under the present management, it 
 has maintained an independent standard, and has had but little to say in refer- 
 ence to political matters ; Mr. Swigart aiming to furnish a local newspaper for 
 the people of Wyoming and vicinity, and deeming it not advisable or necessary 
 to espouse the cause of either political party. The office of the Journal is well 
 supplied with material in the jobbing department, and enjoys a good local 
 patronage. The circulation, though not large, is increasing steadily ; and 
 there is reason to believe that the Journal has secured permanent footing, and 
 will continue to prosper as the years go on. 
 
 Wyoming Lodge, No. 7^7, /. 0. 0. F. — Instituted January 4, 1867. 
 The first officers were : W. T. Fordham, N. G. ; Robert Hanna, V. G. ; C. C. 
 Horton, Secretary. Officers for 1879: F. 0. Ellison, N. G. ; C. C. Horton, 
 V. G. ; L. F. Hartson, Secretary ; L. J. Richards, Treasurer. The Lodge 
 has a membership of thirty-five, owns its hall and furniture, and has $300 at 
 interest ; has on hand about $100, and is in a good healthy condition. 
 
 Keystone Lodge, No. 206, A., F. ^^ A. M. — Organized at Wyoming, under 
 dispensation, February 2, 1867, and under charter, June 5, 1867. The first 
 officers under the charter were : 0. E. Aldrich, W. M. ; A. G. McGrew, S. W. ; 
 A. B. Stiles, J. W; R. Gilbert, Treasurer ; Truman Gilbert, Secretary; John 
 A. White, Jr., S. D. ; John Paul, J. D. ; R. L. McCune, S. S. ; C. C. Hor- 
 ton, J. S. ; Ed Smith, Tiler. The present officers are : C. H. Johnson, W. 
 M. ; C. S. Shepard, S. W. ; Charles Pawson, J. W. ; C. C. Horton, Treasurer; 
 T. B. Reynolds, Secretary ; M. M. Van Horn, S. D. ; W. H. Peck, J. D. ; 
 H. B. Littell, Tiler. The Lodge has a membership of seventy-one, owns its 
 hall, which is well furnished, and also owns an adjoining hall, which is used for 
 refreshment purposes, etc. 
 
 Wyoming Lodge, No. 109, A. 0. U. TT.— Organized March 29, 1877, and 
 elected the following officers: H. H. Green, P. M. W. ; W. J. Chamberlain. 
 r. 0. Ellison, G. F. ; T. R. Marshall, 0. ; M. E. Hurd, Recorder ; A. M! 
 Loomis, Financier; W. J. Brainard, Receiver; C. C. Horton, G. ; E. B. 
 Wherry, I. W. ; L. W. Norton, 0. W. The Lodge has a membership of 
 thirty-five, and is in good working condition. Since organization, the Lodge 
 has sustained but one loss, that of Mr. W. E. Hurd, to whose widow was paid 
 the sum of $2,000. 
 
 MADISON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This township is situated in the second tier of townships from the south, 
 west of the township of Wyoming. The surface in general is smooth and 
 unbroken, in parts rolling, and there is a range of low hills extending east and 
 west through the center. There is but little timber in the township, and 
 the inhabitants depend in a measure on the adjoining towns for wood for fuel. 
 The farmhouses are good, the farms Avell cultivated, and the soil as fertile as 
 in any part of the county. Bear Creek crosses the southern part from west to 
 east, and a branch of Mineral Creek has its source in this township. The 
 township makes a fine display of good schoolhouses, and the employment 
 
510 HISTORY OF JONES GOUNTF. 
 
 of good teachers bespeaks a commendable interest in the education of the rising 
 generation. 
 
 Among the early settlers were Mr. Scriven, who settled in the township 
 about the year 1855, at the place where the village of Onslow now stands. 
 He is now dead and the family is scattered ; one daughter is now living on a 
 part of the old farm, the wife of Alex Clark, also an old settler. 
 
 Amos Gilbert settled a half-mile north of Onslow. He died two years ago. 
 
 Fred Dockstader settled a quarter of a mile west of Onslow, and C. C. 
 Himebaugh on the farm next west of him. 
 
 Mr. Grouse, a German, settled in the extreme north. He died some years 
 ago. 
 
 Jacob Bender and his brother Thomas settled in the south part of the town- 
 ship. 
 
 Horace Fay founded what was once the village of Madison in the southwest. 
 
 These are perhaps all those who might be properly called pioneers. 
 
 A few years later, the following persons were added to the settlers of the 
 township : H. Bartow, William Hawley and family, Henry Cross, John 
 McDonald and brothers, John Anderson, James Tuttle, M. 0. Felton, John 
 and Willard Niles. 
 
 THE VILLAGE OF ONSLOW. 
 
 The village of Onslow is in the northwest portion of Wyoming and the 
 northeastern part of Madison, a part in both townships. E. M. Franks, who 
 settled in Wyoming ToAvnship some years ago, and become a large land-holder, 
 was the proprietor of the town. The site was laid off into lots and the village 
 begun, in the spring of 1872, on the completion of the Midland Branch of the 
 Chicago & North-Western Railway to this point. Mr. Franks died two years 
 ago. 
 
 The site is a pleasant one, and Onslow has been an important shipping- 
 point on this railroad. The prosperity of the village has been materially 
 affected, in its commercial interests, by reason of the ravages of fire. No less 
 than three destructive fires have occurred in the business portion during its 
 seven years existence. There are three good church edifices in the village, the 
 Presbyterian, the Methodist and the Roman Catholic. The Rev. Mr. Goodale, 
 Pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Wyoming, supplies the Presbyterian pul- 
 pit at Onslow, and the Rev. Charles P. Mathers, of Center Junction, the 
 Methodist pulpit. The inhabitants of the village are nearly all Americans, 
 and the support of the Catholic Church is principally from the surrounding 
 country. There is a good public school of two departments, and a commend- 
 able spirit of enterprise characterizes the inhabitants of the village. There 
 is one large general store, one hardware store, two drug stores, one grocery 
 store, one furniture store, one agricultural implement store, one lumber-yard, 
 one grain elevator, one confectionery store, one millinery store, one art-gallery, 
 two blacksmith-shops, two wagon and repair shops, one cheese-factory, one 
 livery stable, one hotel, one meat market, one harness-shop, two doctors, one 
 dentist, one lawyer, and one saloon. 
 
 The stockyards are first-class, and a good deal of shipping is done. The 
 village is not incorporated and numbers about two hundred and fifty souls. 
 
 CENTER JUNCTION. 
 
 This village, of about the same size as Onslow, is situated on the same rail- 
 road in the northern part of the township of Madison, and also at the junction 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 511 
 
 of the Chicago, Milwaukee k St. Paul Railroad with the Midland. This village 
 is quite near the geographical center of the county, and it is owing to this fact 
 and the railroad junction, that it was named Center Junction. 
 
 The proprietors of the town were Kinsey Elwood, James A. Bronson, S. 
 W. Johnson and John M. Squares, and the village began its existence in the 
 fall of 1872, the year in which the Midland Railroad was completed through 
 the township. John M. Squares has since purchased of the other proprietors 
 their interests, and now owns the vacant lots, as well as the most of the lands 
 adjoining the village. Owing to railroad facilities, Center Junction is a good 
 shipping-point. The village has a good public school, and there are two church 
 edifices, owned by the Presbyterian and the Methodist societies. The Presby- 
 terian Church was recently dedicated, is built of brick, and is an ornament to 
 the village. The Pastor is the Rev. Daniel Russell. The Pastor of the Metho- 
 dist Church is Rev. Charles P. Mathers, and the society has a neat and com- 
 modious house of worship. There are two general stores, one drug store, one 
 hardware store, two restaurants, one millinery store, two blacksmith-shops, one 
 wagon and repair shop, one tin-shop, one hotel, one creamery, two depots, two 
 express ofiices, one harness-shop, two grain warehouses, stockyards, two doctors 
 and no saloons. The Postmaster is Zuri G. Isbell. 
 
 Lodge No. S4--5-, I- 0. 0. F., was instituted at Center Junction in 1872, 
 and has a membership of 35. 
 
 Lodge No. 160, A. 0. U. W., was established in the spring of 1878, and 
 is in a prosperous condition. The Lodge has had no losses since it was estab- 
 lished. 
 
 Much of the early history is similar or identical with that of Wyoming 
 Township, and is given at length by Dr. Calkins, elsewhere. 
 
 OXFORD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This is the southeastern township of the county. The Wapsipinicon River 
 enters the township from the west, at about the center of the north and south 
 line, and, crossing diagonally, leaves the township about a half-mile west of 
 the southeast corner. The township, like all others in the county, is well 
 watered. Along the Wapsipinicon there is suflScient timber for the ordinary 
 uses of the inhabitants. Much of the land that was too wet for farming pur- 
 poses years ago, now constitutes a part of the best land in the county. The 
 township is well settled by emigrants from the Eastern States, and there is 
 quite a large settlement of Bohemians. 
 
 John Bryan, who was born in Ross County, Ohio, was the first settler on 
 the north side of the river. He left Ohio with his family in 1847, and came 
 to Iowa and settled in Linn County, whence he moved into Oxford Town- 
 ship in 1849, where he still resides. He did the first breaking on the north 
 side of the river. The first settler on the south side of the river was a Mr. 
 Strong, the father of William Strong, who settled there the year before Mr. 
 Bryan settled north of the river. Among those who came about the same 
 time that Mr. Bryan did, were L. Wallston and family and Samuel Coon and 
 family. These, with Bryan and Strong, were the only inhabitants in the 
 township until 1850. In that year, William Bowers and family came and set- 
 tled in a lose cabin near the river, and was driven from his home for a time 
 during the high-water season of that year. In the fall of 1852, Miles Carter 
 
512 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 came into the settlement and bought out William Bowers and opened up what 
 is now one of the largest farms in the county. He died some years ago, and 
 Ira and Julius Carter carry on the farm, which comprises about a thousand 
 acres. About the time that Carter settled here, John Waite and Francis Ben- 
 nett, with their families, came and settled in the western part of the township. 
 Bennett was drowned in the Wapsipinicon, and John \yaite resides in Wyo- 
 ming. He was attacked with paralysis a year ago, which rendered him entirely 
 speechless. About 1853, Peter Moore, John Wherry and William Bratten, 
 with their families, settled in Oxford Township, and James Bollen, now 
 deceased, came in soon after. Clement Guthrie and George Rathbone also 
 settled in the town not far from the same time. 
 
 From this time on, the settlement of the township was rapid, and now it is 
 one of the most populous in the county, aside from those in which there are 
 large towns. 
 
 OXFORD JUNCTION. 
 
 The village of Oxford Junction is situated about a mile north of the river, 
 near the center of the township, and at the junction of the two branches of the 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, and contains near two hundred 
 inhabitants. The site was laid off into village lots in 1871, by John Bryan. 
 Since that time, two small additions have been laid out ; one by Bryan and one 
 by George Wilson. The C, M. & St. P. Company recently purchased land at 
 this point, and the machine-shops, etc., for those divisions are to be located 
 here. This gives to the village an air of importance, and the prospects of its 
 improvement are quite flattering. Already building has commenced, and 
 another addition is to be made to the town soon. The village now contains one 
 school of fifty pupils, a recently established newspaper, one church, erected by 
 the Lutheran Church society four years ago, three dry-goods stores, one drug 
 store, one hardware store, one restaurant, two meat markets, one harness-shop, 
 three grain ware-houses, two wagon and blacksmith shops, three shoe-shops, 
 one hotel and three saloons. 
 
 OXFORD MILLS. 
 
 This village, of near the size of the Junction, is situated on the south bank 
 of the Wapsipinicon, a mile south of the above place. Its name is derived from 
 the flouring-mill erected here about the year 1857, by Messrs. Courtright k 
 Lathrop. It is a three-story wood building and contains the modern appoint- 
 ments of a first-class mill. The property has changed hands at sundry times, 
 and is owned by S. F. McDonald, Esq. The Wapsipinicon at this point affords 
 an excellent water-power, which, if utilized more fully, Avould greatly benefit 
 the town. Messrs. Cartwright & Bristol are the proprietors of a large general 
 store ; there are two drug stores in the village, one public school, and the Meth- 
 odist Church society has a good house of worship. There is also a hotel and 
 the usual shops found in a village of the size. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 513 
 
 HALE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This township was named in honor of the Hon. J. P. Hale, at the sugges- 
 tion of Daniel Garrison, who was the first settler of the township. The town- 
 ship of Hale is situated west of Oxford and east of Rome, in the southern tier 
 of townships in the county. The Wapsipinicon River crosses the township 
 from west to east, and divides it into two nearly equal parts. Along the river 
 there is considerable timber and there are a number of small groves ; so that 
 the township may be said to be well timbered. A good supply of building 
 stone is found in the township and the quality is most excellent. A good share of 
 the surface is beautiful, rolling prairie land, and the farms are in a good state of 
 cultivation. There are three church edifices in the township ; one at Pleasant 
 Hill, one two miles southeast of that place and one at the small village of Hale. 
 The first settlement south of the river was at what is now called Pleasant Hill, 
 and, as stated, Daniel Garrison and family were the first settlers. Mr. Garri- 
 son emigrated from the State of Indiana, and came into Hale Township in the 
 month of June, 1838. Pleasant Grove and the land south of it was claimed 
 by a colored man in the year 1837, and for many years the place has been 
 known as "Negro Point." The name was changed to Pleasant Hill at the 
 suggestion of Miss Martha Miller, and to the satisfaction of the people of the 
 neighborhood. The church at this place is called the Pleasant Hill Church, 
 and the Sunday school. Pleasant Hill Sunday School. Daniel Garrison built 
 the first log cabin the neighborhood, and the house is still standing, though 
 it is more than forty years old. Horace Seeley came in the spring of 1839, and 
 Lawrence Simpson and William Simpson in the fall of the same year. Law- 
 rence Simpson was once County Surveyor. Joseph Bumgarner came in 1840, 
 M. Q. Simpson and Silas Garrison in 1842. 
 
 On the north side of the river, the settlement was not made as early as on 
 the south. Philip Lewis and William Cronkhite were the first and came about 
 1850, After them came Clement Lane, Robert Brown, William Vroman, Mrs. 
 Sweet, Burt Smith, John Fradenburg, George Thurston, Harvey Campbell, 
 Clement Guthrie, William Wallston, John Brigham, J. C. Austin, and others. 
 
 The Sabula, Ackley & Dakota Branch of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 
 Paul Railroad crosses the north part of the township, and the small village of 
 Hale is situated on this road. There is one general store, a blacksmith-shop, a 
 wagon-shop, a public school and a good house of worship, belonging to the 
 Methodist Church society. George Lewis is Postmaster of the village. Much 
 of the early history is identical with that of the adjoining township of Rome. 
 
 GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This is the southwestern township of the county. The surface is generally 
 even and unbroken, and the soil as fertile as any in the county or State. A 
 number of small but beautiful groves, pleasantly distributed, constitute the 
 only timber-land in the township. It is well watered by the north and the 
 south fork of Walnut Creek and their tributaries. 
 
614 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 The township is one of the best agricultural districts in the county, the 
 farmhouses are good, and the farmers thrifty and prosperous. Among the early 
 settlers of this township were John Armstrong, deceased; Amos Breed, 
 deceased ; Jonathan Raver, decased ; T. 0. Bishop, A. S. Miller (J. G. Hakes 
 was an early settler of Fairview, but now resides in Greenfield), James and I. 
 Curtis, Ira Mead, R. D. Stephens, John Arnold, A. and E. Peet, Valentine 
 Newman, Robert Murfield, Jonathan Goudy, Amos and John Cole, the Millers, 
 Rosses and others. 
 
 The Sabula, Ackley & Dakota Branch of the C. M. & St. Paul Railroad 
 crosses the north part of the township, and the small village of Martelle is situ- 
 ated on this road, in the northwest corner of the township. There are about one 
 hundred inhabitants, two general stores, one drug store, one wagon-shop, one black- 
 smith-shop, one hardware store, one school, and the Christian Church has a good 
 church edifice. The Baptist society also worships in the same building. There 
 are two other churches in the township, one near the center and another in the 
 southern part. There are a goodly number of Germans in the township, and, 
 as elsewhere, they are among the most prosperous citizens in the county. The 
 education of the rising generation is well cared for by erecting schoolhouses 
 and the employment of faithful teachers. 
 
 ROME TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The following, from the pen of the late R. J. Cleaveland, will be read and 
 appreciated by all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance. Mr. Cleaveland 
 was born in Boston, Mass., in November, 1805, and died at his residence in 
 Olin. Jones County, on the 7th of September, A. D. 1877, at the age of nearly 
 seventy-two years. He graduated at Harvard University in the Class of 1827, 
 and Avas a ripe scholar, a genuine patriot and an honest man. At the outbreak 
 of the civil war, he sought to enlist as a volunteer, but was rejected because of 
 his age. He was finally admitted to the ranks of the famous Iowa ninth, and, 
 with that regiment, served until it was mustered out of service. It was due to 
 his acquaintance at Boston that the ladies of that city presented to the regi- 
 ment the magnificent colors, the details of which are related in the war history 
 of the county, elsewhere. 
 
 The historical sketch here published was written by Mr. Cleaveland and 
 printed in the Olin Times, a newspaper that was established at Olin, in the 
 year 1874, by Messrs. Stickle & Arlen, but was discontinued at the end of a 
 few months. After completing the history of Rome Township, Mr. Cleaveland, 
 at the request of many, wrote a portion of the early history of the county, but, 
 as the facts given by him are the same as those given elsewhere by Barrett 
 Whittemore and others, we have thought it not necessary to repeat it in this 
 connection. 
 
 Among the early settlers of Rome, no one now living has been more suc- 
 cessful in material accumulations, or is held in higher esteem as a citizen, than 
 John Merritt. 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF ROME — 1840-1841. 
 
 BY R. J. CLEAVELAND. 
 
 " On the 9th of September, 1840, a cold, misty rain falling, my wife and I, 
 after fourteen days' ride, in a lumber wagon, from Logansport, Ind., arrived at 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 515 
 
 the log cabin of Norman B, Seeley. This dwelling stood near where the town- 
 well now is. Here the hearthstone and one log still remain to mark the spot. 
 Mr. Seeley's house, saw-mill, and blacksmith-shop were the only structures here 
 — the latter roofed with a rag carpet. 
 
 " My wife was an only daughter, and the motive which prompted this long 
 journey Avas to give her mother (old Mrs. Seeley) a home with us. Thirty 
 miles from our destination, we learned that Mrs. S. had died in July of that 
 year. But we came on, though with ardor dampened — hopes withered. The 
 country appeared in consonance with our feelings, a dreary waste of prairie — 
 except Walnut Creek and Wapsie timber, ' Sugar Grove ' and ' Big Woods ' — 
 to the north and west. The beautiful groves of young timber on the right bank 
 of Walnut from the bridge to Sibballs, Creek was then all prairie, and the view 
 without obstruction. 
 
 " On the left, above the bridge from Mr. Oilman's house to far above 
 Moore's, was a large and fine grove of white oak long since cut down by the 
 greedy pioneer. 
 
 " Here I commenced my first lesson in chopping, plowing, mowing and 
 farm work in general. Here we succeeded, though poor, indeed, we both were, 
 in all except brave hearts and strong arms, in gaining a home in these then 
 Western wilds. I had but $2 left when we arrived. 
 
 " The Indian, wolf, and deer, and other wild animals were almost the sole 
 occupants of the soil. N. B. Seeley, John and Joseph Merritt, Isaac Simpson, 
 Moses Garrison, Orville Cronkhite, George Saum, Thomas Green, Horace 
 Seeley, Francis Sibballs, E. Booth, the Reeds, Browns, Joslyns, and others, 
 were in Jones County before me. 
 
 "At that time there were no railroads west of Buffalo, N. Y., and no tele- 
 graphs. The mails crept slowly and sadly along in stage-coaches, and letters 
 were subject to 25 cents postage. There were no bridges nor stores away from 
 the 'Father of Waters.' Many a time I have walked to Dubuque and back, 
 bringing a pack of thirty to fifty pounds of groceries for myself and neighbors. 
 
 " The generation of to-day can hardly dream of the obstacles to be overcome 
 — the hardships borne at that time. Difficulty is the element and resistance 
 the work of every true man or woman. I now thank God for casting my des- 
 tiny in this glorious and most beautiful State, where half my life has been 
 passed. I glory in being a pioneer of Iowa. 
 
 " As remarked, my wife's mother died on the 9th of July, 1840, only two 
 months before our arrival. The first American flag hoisted in Jones County 
 was hoisted at Rome in 1840, and made by this aged lady. She allowed no 
 other fingers to work thereon but hers, and this was her last work. Here, and 
 at this time, was also the first liberty pole raised, the first post office located, 
 and the first district school instituted in the county. The school was taught in 
 the ' Sugar Grove,' by T. Stivers, Esq., who was the only blacksmith here, and 
 also Deputy Postmaster. 
 
 " The town was located by N. B. Seeley, and surveyed, platted and recorded 
 by William Hutton, County Surveyor, in 1840. At this time, the U. S. Sur- 
 veyor had just finished his work, and the corners and subdivisions were readily 
 found. 
 
 " We lived the first two years in a little cabin opposite Smith's mill. In 
 the winter of 1840-41, my wife taught school in our cabin six hours each day, 
 while I was absent cutting timber for fencing and for building a home. I look 
 back on those two years as the happiest spent time of our lives ; hope was strong 
 and bright Avithin, and physical vigor perfect. 
 
516 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 " In the spring of 1841, there were ferried across the Walnut two barrels of 
 Illinois whisky. These arrivals were succeeded by more of the same spiritual 
 character for about fifteen years. 
 
 " In the year 1841, the patriarch who dealt in the spiritual articles afore- 
 said built the house now occupied by Uncle Holden. The building now occu- 
 pied by F. 0. Carpenter, and the one where the widow of Thomas Connelly 
 now lives, were also built the same year. 
 
 " In the same year, John Hannon, who was a skilled bricklayer, stonecut- 
 ter and mason, also took up his abode here. He and Seeley blasted a prairie 
 bowlder, and by much hard and constant labor made therefrom a set of buhr- 
 stones, which ground excellent corn-meal and very fair flour. This was indeed 
 an eventful era in the lives of the settlers here, as previously they had to go a 
 wreat distance, most frequently to the Mississippi River, in order to reach a 
 mill. But after a few years this mill was discontinued on account of a defect- 
 ive dam and lack of water. 
 
 "One most important character of this period I must not omit — the Metho- 
 dist circuit-rider, who has done so much for religion and humanity, who defied 
 the elements and the hardships of this new country, and dispensed the bread ol 
 life to the hardy pioneer, men of culture as they were, counting comfort and 
 ease as dust compared to the happiness of saving souls. Elders Rathbone and 
 Havden were among the first of these, and labored here in 1841. The former 
 now resides at Marion. Both were men of culture, urbane in manners and 
 never weary in doing good. 
 
 " In July, 1842, the house now owned and occupied by N. M. Everhart, 
 Esq., was erected by myself. It was for some years the largest house in the 
 county. We occupied it before completion, and passed with only a cooking- 
 stove the severest winter experienced in our lives. I feel confident that the 
 few old settlers remaining will never forget the winter of 1842-43. 
 
 " I think it was in the fall of 1841 that the first court was held in the county, 
 being in a log Court House in Edinburg, not far from the present county 
 Poor House. All who attended court then went prepared to camp out and do 
 their own cooking. The United States Marshal attended to the paying of 
 iurors, which was about all the coin that came into the territory for six years. 
 Wheat was then the common medium of barter and exchange. We always 
 had uncommon lively and jolly times in attendance at court then among 
 some very remarkable and sage worthies, some of whom I shall have occa- 
 sion to mention hereafter. Judge Wilson, of Dubuque, ofl^ciated, always com- 
 ino- with o-un and dogs to enjoy a little shooting as well as to attend to his 
 wraver (le^al) duties. But the most remarkable person at that time was Uncle 
 Francis Sibbalds, an Irishman, with all the odd, racy and peculiar character- 
 istics of his countrymen. He lived at that time just over the town line, in 
 what is now Hale Township. If his conduct and character were singular, his 
 appearance was no less so. He talked with the richest brogue, ardent in his 
 friendship as in his hatred, illiterate, but warm-hearted and outspoken. In 
 short there was so much unison between us that we were warm friends as long 
 as he lived. Previous to coming to Iowa, he had committed matrimony with 
 an elderly Yankee lady — a school-marm, sometimes called old maid — a lady 
 very peculiar, as such ladies generally are, but of fair literary attainments for 
 that day, and of high moral and religious character, and who was justly rever- 
 enced and respected by her husband. I wish, for the sake of truth, it were 
 l>ossible for me to give a clear and accurate personal description of Uncle Sib- 
 balds. but nothino- I can say will do him justice I A man of medium size, 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 517 
 
 with rather a worn appearance, indicating hard labor and exposure to the 
 elements, rather past his prime, but on first sight all these were swallowed up 
 and lost sight of in viewing his mouth ; so vast, yawning and capacious was it, 
 that when opened, it extended nearly from ear to ear ! Not less remarkable 
 than the nose of the Grand Duke of Choss Johannisberger, only it was in this 
 case his mouth instead of his nose, and unfortunately being somewhat deaf, he 
 kept it open more than was safe or expedient, in order to hear better. And 
 this brings to mind a good joke they got on him while at court in Edinburg. 
 One of the lawyers, an unusually small but carefully-dressed gentleman — in 
 short, a perfect little Petit Maitre — being called for by the Judge, everybody 
 hunting for and nobody able to find him, the precious time of the court wasted, 
 an awful pause pervading the court room, a wag had the temerity to tell His 
 Honor he believed old Uncle Sibbalds had greased and swallowed him, as he 
 (Sibbalds) had told him over an hour ago that he felt quite hungry ! The 
 court room rang with laughter. Judge, jury and all, and, as bad luck would 
 have it, the little lawyer coming in at that moment, and ignorant of the cause, 
 little dreaming that he was partly the subject of it, served only to add to the 
 uproar to such a degree that it could not be stopped. The Sheriff had to clear 
 the house, and all business came to a stand for the rest of the forenoon. If I 
 should live centuries, I can never forget the scene. The little lawyer stupefied 
 with amazement and anger and outraged dignity, and Uncle Sibbalds grinning 
 wider and more ghastly than before. In the midst of the uproar, another wag 
 coolly suggested, ' If that had actually happened, the good man had got more 
 law in his belly than all the other lawyers had in their heads.' And this 
 remark did not tend to lessen the noise and shouting, but rather to increase it. 
 
 " At the time I am now attempting to describe, indeed during the decade 
 from 1840 to 1850, intemperance ruled with despotic sway the early settlements 
 of Iowa, and yet there prevailed a far more friendly spirit than now. 
 
 " We exchanged frequent and friendly visits with Denson, where Massillon 
 now is, and ten miles below, near Toronto, with Samuel Solesby, of Pioneer 
 Grove ; Capt. S. P. Higginson, of Mariner's Grove, near Tipton ; with Col. 
 Preston, Mayor McKean, and others, of Marion. Neighbors were then few 
 and far off, but kind and true, and selfishness little known or practiced. 
 
 ''As I am a very modest man, I dislike extremely having to speak of my- 
 self so often, but the thread of the narrative would be broken did I not do it. 
 
 " It was deemed necessary, at that time, to elect a Justice of the Peace in 
 1841, and, although never having any aspirations for office, I was elected to 
 that dignity almost without opposition. This was strange indeed, as I was, 
 perhaps, almost the only Whig in the village of Rome. Being what I was, a 
 deadly foe to whisky, and never bending the pliant knee to Baal, it was some- 
 what strange that I was elected to the ofiice. With these preliminary remarks 
 let us go on. The portrait of old Ben. Smith rises now on my mental vision, 
 in all its native deformity ! 
 
 " Fancy, if you can, an animal on two legs, in the shape of fat and swol- 
 len limbs, suffering much from asthma and gout ; a man, flat, flaccid and flabby, 
 misshapen, unwieldy in form, with a head and face on top of it that completely 
 baffles description : The hair white and erect, like hogs' bristles, the face rosy 
 and rubicund, the nose studded with divers blooming pimples, the eyes twink- 
 ling like a sow's when contemplating mischief, and with thick, sensual lips. 
 
 " This patriarch had a large family of sons and daughters, was a widower, 
 and depended on his children for support, and also on the profits of a whisky 
 saloon, with cards and dice in his own house. Every Saturday night the orgies 
 
518 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 were celebrated in the old house where uncle Holden now lives, till the small 
 hours of the morning ; genial spirits from the surrounding country coming in 
 from a long distance to aid and assist the aged patriarch in conducting them ; 
 John Royal playing th.e fiddle with unwearied assiduity and tenacity, and all 
 went merry as a marriage bell, unless it was diversified with a slight bit of a 
 fight, with perhaps an eye badly bunged up and closed for the time being, or a 
 thumb partly bit off ! But these little incidents only served to add variety and 
 raciness to the scene, and never for a moment stopped the general hilarity. 
 But enough ! Let us for the present draw the veil of pity and of charity over this 
 mortifying and disgusting portrait. And let it serve as a warning, a beacon- 
 light to all now coming on the stage of action, to avoid drunkenness and sin- 
 fulness of all kinds, if they wish to live useful and happy lives. 
 
 " The question naturally arises, what became of poor old Uncle Ben ? The 
 answer to it is a sad one indeed. After setting a baleful, blightino; influence and 
 example here for eight consecutive years, he started, in the spring of 1849, to 
 revisit the scenes of his childhood in Western New York, and subsequently 
 died miserably of cholera, on board a boat on the Upper Ohio, among strangers, 
 with no friend to smoothe his dying pillow. 
 
 " I remarked that I was elected Justice of the Peace. I held my first court 
 in the log cabin opposite the present mill, in the fall of 1841, Uncle Ben Smith 
 being the plaintiff, and another most worthy sage, very partial to whisky (whom 
 we will not name as he still lives here), was the defendant. The cause of 
 action was a very grave and knotty one, and which would have puzzled the 
 wisdom of Solomon himself, viz., a pumpkin ! These two sages had gardens 
 adjoining, and Uncle Ben's vines, as pumpkin-vines will sometimes, ran 
 through the fence into the adjoining lot and bore the best pumpkins in the said 
 lot, with not one only but several large inviting looking pumpkins — more than 
 defendant could stand, doubtless thinking (and with good reason) that the said 
 pumpkins belonged to him. Be this as it may, he appropriated the largest one 
 he could find to his own use, hence the suit. There were at that day many 
 (in common parlance called pettifoggers, a phrase I always disliked) attorneys 
 at law. There were two of pre-eminently brilliant qualifications and parts, 
 who left their many competitors far in the rear, and who were generally pitted 
 against each other, as they both resided in Fairview Precinct, viz., Uncle 
 Clement Russell and Hon. John Leonard. Law cost something in those days, 
 as it does in the present. It was then as now — 1-a-w laiv, with a c-l-a-w claw. 
 If you are fond of pure vexation and sweet procrastination, you are just in a 
 situation to enjoy a suit at law. It was probably owing to this fact, viz., the 
 great expense of this luxury, that induced both parties at this, my first court, 
 to attend to it themselves, and being (as they both were) well stimulated and 
 fortified with whisky, they fancied themselves perfectly grounded in law, and 
 able to go on with it. The case, as you .see at a glance, was a preplexing and 
 knotty one. There was much to be said on both sides, and both equally 
 plausible. Knowing this as I did, and dreading the torrents of eloquence 
 apparently without end, and not being overstocked with patience, I resolved 
 when the court was called to cut the Gordian knot which none could untie. 
 With that peculiarly persuasive, winning, bland tone and manner which all who 
 know me know to be innately mine, I remarked to them that we were emphat- 
 ically, in this new country, a band of brothers ; that nothing was so pleasing 
 to the Great Father of us all as brotherly love and harmony, and, over and 
 above this consideration, nothing conduced so much to our temporal welfare as 
 
 J 
 
it 
 
 ,^'3»». 
 
 ",1 * 
 
 A^\ 
 
 '^^-^'' i''l^^^^t^J.^.£(^ 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 521 
 
 harmony, etc.; told them what an insignificant thing it was to go to law about 
 — a pumpkin, nothing else; the great difficulty attending a correct solution of 
 the case, inherent in its very nature; and, concluding, in my judgment there 
 was no cause of action, adding, at the same time, I should give up my fees and 
 hoped they would all do so likewise. Had they not been both of them pretty 
 drunk (Uncle Ben always feeling rich in that condition) I doubt but my eloquence 
 would have been wasted on them. As it was, they yielded to my advice, shook 
 hands, took a rousing snort of whisky all around, the court adjourned and the 
 hostile sages were soon after seen engaged in a sociable game of cards with the 
 hospitable whiskey jug within easy reach of them, and to complete and perfect 
 the harmony, John Royal took his fiddle and struck up a jig or Highland fiing, 
 and mirth, hilarity and good feeling prevailed all around — Uncle Ben's four 
 lusty and strapping daughters, always ready to trip it on the light fantastic toe, 
 found partners ready to their hand, and they kept it up as usual until the small 
 hours of the morning, no King on his throne richer, happier, or more inde- 
 pendent than Uncle Ben. 
 
 " After the disposition of the case spoken of, I felt as if a mountain was 
 lifted from my back, and being released from the onerous duties incumbent on 
 me, I went about my usual avocations, receiving the congratulations of my 
 friends at the issue, Uncle Sibbalds himself grinning all the time, with evident 
 symptoms of uncommon satisfaction ! I wish to add, that in that early day 
 when a lawsuit was to come off, all other business for the time being came to a 
 halt ; no one could forego the intense delight of attending and drinking in 
 wisdom from the lips of the legal oracles of the day, as well as from the jug ! 
 Some of the richest scenes I ever Avent through with occurred afterward, at 
 courts held in the north room of our new house, the carpenter's bench and 
 tools being there at the time. At one suit, Mrs. C. got dinner for twenty men. 
 A lawsuit, like raising a barn, could not go on without a large crowd attending ; 
 and lubricated, as it always was, with whisky, how could all help going on 
 secundem artem. As a matter of course, it could not. But I crave pardon 
 of my readers for taking up so much of their valuable time. 
 
 ****** ^:** 
 
 " I have taken much pains to ascertain who was the first white settler in 
 this county, and from the best information I could obtain, I am satisfied 
 Hugh Bowen was the man, that beautiful tract of country in Richland Town- 
 ship being named after him. I recollect well his telling me he was in the 
 Black Hawk war, and that, only a few years after, he came into this county, 
 probably in 1836. Perhaps a few of the salient points of his character may 
 may prove interesting to the reader of to-day. 
 
 " He was a bachelor at this time, in his prime, erect as an Indian and clad 
 in buckskin like one ; of great energy and rare simplicity of character. He 
 was our first Sheriff, serving in that capacity for many years, and, if I should 
 add, the best the county ever had, it need cause no blush to mantle the cheeks 
 of his worthy successors. He Avas a noble specimen of a Western man, untainted 
 by the vices, and entirely free from all the silken disguises, subterfuges and 
 hypocrisies which prevail in old settled countries, and in those grades of society 
 miscalled civilized, refined, fashionable, etc.; undaunted and fearless as a lion 
 in the discharge of his duty ; simple and confiding as a child, in all the little 
 suavities and amenities of life, and illy prepared to guard against the advances 
 of the well-dressed fancy-man, blackleg, gambler of the present day. 
 
 "After many years' absence in the then Far West, he concluded to visit 
 once more his native State, Ohio, when the first railroad from the Ea<t reached 
 
522 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 the Father of Waters. Although traveling with a friend, and cautioned again 
 and again against pickpockets, he was rifled of some $40 or $50, all he had, 
 long before he got to the end of his journey. On obtaining the first view of 
 that monstrum horrendum, a locomotive engine, his wonder and amazement were 
 unbounded ! Fearful that the train might start without him (instinct with life 
 and power, more than human as it was), he insisted on sleeping (camping), in 
 the cars all nio-ht I I have not met him for many long years, and regret to 
 add, the last I heard of him he was at Denver, Colo., much reduced in circum- 
 stances. He was Sheriff of this county many years in succession. 
 
 " It is hic^hly probable that other portions of the county kept pace with 
 those already named in its early settlement, but of this I cannot speak posi- 
 tively, being, like most of the early settlers, dependent on my days' work for 
 my daily bread, and never leaving home unless on matters of urgent business. 
 
 " The countv, in 1839-40, was divided into four road districts, viz : Bowen's 
 Prairie was No.l ; Buffalo Fork, No. 2 ; Walnut Fork, No. 3, and Farm Creek 
 No. 4, with a Supervisor in each district, to keep the roads in order. 
 
 " The first saw and grist mills in the county were erected by George Wal- 
 worth, on the Buffalo Fork of the Wapsipinicon in 1838, (where, at a later day, 
 the Messrs. Fisher erected spacious mills), and were in full blast when I came 
 here, in 1840. I met the gentleman late in the fall of 1840, at the house of 
 mv brothoT-in-law, N. B. Seeley, and, from that time until he left the county, 
 some five or six years, we were always on the most cordial and friendly terms. 
 He was the first Repi'esentative in the Territorial Legislature at Iowa City, with 
 other counties attached (Cedar and Linn, I think), and served in that capacity 
 many years with great acceptance to his constituents. He was a bachelor, his 
 sister keeping house with him. and a man in strong contrast to all and every- 
 thintT around him. He was then in his prime, and a finer looking man I have 
 seldom, if ever, met. He was, in manner, appearance, dress and address, 
 emphatically a gentleman, as I understand that term, viz., it is inborn, not 
 infused ; it springs spontaneously from the heart. In other words, a man may 
 be a o-entleman without being a Christian, but a true Christian must be a gen- 
 tleman. Warm-hearted, cordial, hospitable, public-spirited, he possessed the 
 faculty of adapting himself to all kinds and classes of men, and was the soul, 
 the life, of every crowd he chanced to mingle with. He possessed, in a high 
 degree, that rare and beautiful combination, termed suaviter in modo, cum for- 
 titer in re, and, as I often thought, was perfectly out of his element in a new 
 county. We have had many good times together at his house and at mine, and, 
 when he left us, I felt we had lost a man the county and State could ill aftord to spare. 
 It was with deep and profound grief I heard of his sudden and untimely death, 
 in Texas, many years ago. The high respect and ardent friendship I cherished 
 for the man, the grateful sense I shall always feel for his kindness and hospi- 
 tality to me personally, over and above his public services to the county and the 
 Territory, would not permit me to pass him by with a more brief or less eulo- 
 gistic notice. He has taken his last long journey whither we all are so rapidly 
 following." 
 
 OLIN IN 1879, 
 
 Olin, named after D. A. Olin, General Superintendent of the Chicago, 
 Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, is beautifully located on the west bank of the 
 Wapsipinicon River, upon the central portion of Section 13 in Rome Town- 
 ship. It was first called Elkford, then Walnut Fork, afterward Rome, and 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 523 
 
 now Olin. It is an important shipping-point on the Milwaukee & St. Paul 
 Railroad, containing a population of about seven hundred inhabitants. It is 
 surrounded by a beautiful rolling prairie, occupied by a thrifty farming com- 
 munity. It has a good grist-mill, a woolen-mill, prosperous schools and 
 churches, and the Olin College has recently been organized and incorporated, 
 and will soon have a commodious and comfortable college building. A public 
 librai'y and reading-room are contemplated. The city of Olin was incorpo- 
 rated in 1878. The following are the city officers : Mayor, N. Barnhard ; 
 Recorder, H. Jeffries ; Treasurer, Samuel Easterly. Council — J. A. White, 
 J. W. Jamison, James Dayton, C. L. Porter, W. H. Dicus, William Scoles. 
 The Council are strictly temperate men. 
 
 There are four church organizations — Methodist, Baptist, United Brethren 
 and Advent. The Methodist denomination has a commodious church edifice. 
 The Baptists and Advents hold services in the public-school building. The 
 Pastor of the Methodist Church is Rev. J. Ilurrell. None of the other denom- 
 inations have a settled Pastor. 
 
 The public school contains three departments — Primary, Intermediate and 
 Grammar, and has a very good school building. The teachers are as follows : 
 C. F. McGrew, Principal and Instructor in the Grammar Department ; Miss 
 P. Robinson, Intermediate Department ; Miss L. Holmes, Primary Department. 
 
 The College Avas organized September 1, 1878 ; incorporated August 1, 
 1879. Its pupilage for the first year was forty-eight. Of its pupils, nine 
 received certificates from the County Superintendent. 
 
 The Trustees are as follows : A. J. Dalby, President ; C. L. Porter, Sec- 
 retary ; N. M. Everhart, Treasurer ; John Merritt, D. R. Carpenter, Andrew 
 Coppess, John M. Rummel, W. V. Field, J. B. Ingersoll, J. A. White, J. W. 
 Jamison, L. K. Rese, J. Scoles, J. Whitmore, Jonathan Easterly, F. S. Dunk- 
 lee, C. H. Derr, John Hess, Jacob Starry, William Gordon. 
 
 There will be three distinct courses of study — Preparatory, Scientific and 
 Classical. The first college class proper will be organized at the commence- 
 ment of the fall term, and it is desirable that those who contemplate a 
 three-years' course with diploma, should be present at that time. Music, 
 instrumental and vocal, will be taught to those who desire it. 
 
 The studies taught in the various courses are : Fundamental — Reading, 
 Spelling, Writing, Grammar, United States History, Drawing, Rhetoric, 
 Logic, Elocution, Mental and Moral Science, Theory and Practice of Teach- 
 ing, Constitution of the United States. Mathematics — Arithmetic, Book- 
 Keeping, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Mensuration, Surveying, Conic 
 Sections, Calculus. Natural Sciences — Geography, Geology, Mineralogy, 
 Physiology, Botany, Natural History, Astronomy. Languages — Greek, Latin, 
 French and German. Music — Vocal and Instrumental. 
 
 C. L. Porter, A. M., Principal (biographical sketch elsewhere), is a grad- 
 uate of Amherst College, has been a professional teacher for sixteen years, and 
 is thoroughly recommended by the State Superintendent and others. Miss 
 Laura J. Hendy, teacher of music, is a skillful teacher of the piano and 
 organ. The teacher of the Preparatory Department has not yet been selected. 
 Other teachers and professors will be added as occasion may require. The 
 Bible is the corner-stone of this institution. 
 
 Tuition, per quarter of twelve weeks, .^6. Fee for incidental expenses, per 
 quarter, 50 cents. Tuition in Preparatory Department, per quarter, $3. 
 Instrumental music, per twenty-four lessons, $8. Tuition payable quarterly 
 upon admission. 
 
524 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 The College occupies at present the largest hall in town, is handsomely 
 seated, and is comfortable and convenient. Board can be obtained in private 
 families at ^2.50 to $3 per werk. Preparations are being made to erect a 
 large stone building in the spring of 1880. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Of these there are four : Masons, Odd Fellows, United Workmen and the 
 Olin Temperance League. 
 
 Ancient Landmark Lodge, No. 300, A., F. t)'^ A. 3L, was organized 
 November 20, 1866. It Avas chartered by the Grand Lodge June 6, 1867. 
 The first officers were: Eli Walker, W. M.; Westley Southwick, S. W.; 
 Andrew Coppess, J. W.; D. E. Rummel, Sec; Timothy Stivers, Treas.; N. 
 
 B. Connor, S. D.; G. W. Miller, J. D.; R. J. Anderson, Tiler. The Lodge 
 has a membership of forty-eight, owns a good hall, very well furnished, and 
 has a small fund at interest. The present officers are : I. B. Southwick, W. 
 M.; W. J. Merritt, S. W.; G. VV. Miller, J. W.; W. Southwick, Sec: C. H. 
 Derr, Treas.; H. B. Harrison, S. D.; C. W. B. Derr, J. D.; J. T. Gilman, 
 Tiler. The Lodge has lost two members by death. 
 
 The Olin Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., was organized February 3, 1876. The fol- 
 lowing were the first officers elected : George Stivers, N. G.; E. R. Sealls, V. 
 G.; L. K. Rose, Treas.; J. W. Jamison, Rec. Sec; G. H. Mason, Per. Sec. 
 The present officers are as follows: V. Slife, N. G.; J. F. Butters, V. G.; S. 
 P. Slife, Rec. Sec; G. H. Mason, Treas. 
 
 Olin Lodge, No. 90, A. 0. U. TT.— Organized January 17, 1877. Char- 
 ter members: W. A. Seeley, J. A. White, G. W. Miller, H. Rummel, A. E. 
 Carpenter, S. L. Easterly, James Dayton, J. W. Jamison, Daniel Starry, James 
 Slife, E. R. Sealls, A. Barker, H. Benfield, A. Gearhart, P. H. Driscoll, T. B. 
 Everett, Edward White, W. F. Duncan, J. C. Williams, J. H. Miller, A. Glick. 
 The following were the first officers elected: H. Rummel, Master; E. R. 
 Sealls, G. F.; W. A. Seeley, 0.; A. Gearhart, Receiver; James Dayton, F.; 
 S. L. Easterly, Rec; J. W. Jamison, Guitle ; J. C. Williams, P. M. W.; A. 
 E. Carpenter, I. W.; A. Barker, 0. W. The present officers are as follows : 
 John Figeley, Master; E. Bedell, G. F.; A. E. Carpenter, 0.; A. Gearhart, 
 Receiver; S. L. Easterlv, F.; T. J. Townsend, Rec; W. F. Duncan, Guide; 
 G. W. Miller, P. M. W.'; J. H. Miller, I. W.; D. Starry, 0. W. 
 
 The Olin Teinperance League. — This is an organization for the promotion 
 of temperance. It holds its sessions at the Methodist Church, each alternate 
 Tuesday. The exercises consist of discussions, essays, declamations, readings, 
 music, etc. Its basis is the the "Murphy Pledge." The present officers are : 
 
 C. H. McGrew, President ; Miss Phemie Robinson, Vice President ; Miss Car- 
 rie Hull, Secretary ; C. L. Poster, Chorister. 
 
 Within a mile of Olin are three most excellent stone quarries. The stone 
 taken from these is a soft, magnesian limestone (Niagara group ; Upper Silu- 
 rian), and is of the quality and texture as that of the celebrated quarries at 
 Anamosa. Tiiere are two good lime-kilns in the immediate neighborhood. 
 Good sand for building purposes is found on the margin of Walnut Creek, which 
 empties into the Wapsipinicon at this point. Within the corporate limits is an 
 excellent clay bank for the manufacture of brick. 
 
 The people of Olin are mainly from the Eastern States, and have brought 
 their thrifty habits with them. There is little or no foreign population. Olin 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 525 
 
 has one of the best brass bands in the State, Henry Jeffries, Leader. The 
 hotel is the Olin House, admirably kept by R. H. Jordan, proprietor. 
 
 [We are indebted to Prof. C. L. Porter for preparing the history of Olin. 
 — Editor.] 
 
 CASTLE GROVE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This township, according to the United States survey, is numbered 86 north, 
 west of Range 4. 
 
 The larger portion of the township is high rolling prairie, interspersed with 
 ravines and glades, which, by draining, make the very best of meadow lands. 
 There are several creeks running through the township, which afford excellent 
 opportunities for stock-raising. There is quite a large body of timber in the 
 northeast portion of the township, which, by economical usage, will furnish a 
 supply for the needs of the inhabitants in this direction for a long time to come. 
 The inhabitants of this township are a thriving, industrious and persevering 
 people. The never-failing appendage of a thrifty Yankee farmer — a good barn 
 — is frequently found on these prairies, though many of the inhabitants are 
 descendants from the Emerald Isle. The citizens of this township, in common 
 with the people of the other portions of the county, show their appreciation of 
 good morals by erecting schoolhouses, in which the youth may be trained up to 
 usefulness and kept from idleness. The monotony of the prairie is frequently 
 relieved by trees which have been set out for shade and ornament. Altogether, 
 the township is desirably and pleasantly located. The soil is fertile, and the 
 healthfulness of the people most excellent. 
 
 The Castle Grove Post Office is situated near the center of the township, and 
 James M. King is Postmaster. There are three churches in the township, two 
 Protestant and one Catholic Church. 
 
 The Castle Grove Mill is in the northeast part of the township, and is owned 
 by Levi Berlin. The mill was built in 1872, by Berlin & Stambaugh, at a 
 cost of $10,000. There are two run of stone, and the' capacity of the mill is 
 about one hundred bushels of wheat per day. 
 
 Among the early settlers of this township were Simeon Forman, Thomas 
 Galligan, McLaughlins, Kehoes, Hogans, Rearricks, Starrs, Deischer, Heisey, 
 Downer and others. There is no village in the township. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 The Ohurch of the Immaculate Conception, in Castle Grove, is situated in 
 the northern part of the township, and was erected by the Roman Catholics in 
 the year 1877, at a cost of about $20,000. Mr. John Kenan was the architect 
 and Mr. M. Doyle, of Anamosa, the contractor. The edifice is a remarkably 
 fine one and does honor to the members of the Church in Castle Grove. It is, 
 without doubt, the finest church edifice in the State outside the largest cities. 
 
 Evangelical Churchy of Castle Grove Township. This church was organ- 
 ized in 1855. The first minister was Rev. John Miller. Daniel High was the 
 first Class-Leader. A church edifice was built in the year 187(3, at a cost of 
 $1,400. Present membership, twenty-two. Pastor in charge. Rev. Daniel 
 Fink. The first Trustees were Daniel Deischer, Henry Heisey, John Heisey, 
 John Wint and Benjamin Rider. 
 
526 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 The present Board of Trustees are Daniel Deischer, Benjamin Rider, John 
 Heisey, John Kline and Madison Franks. 
 
 Castle Grove Baptist Church. — This church was organized on the 5th of July, 
 1874. James Starr was elected Clerk and B. F. Searles and Jerome Scott, 
 Deacons. The church edifice was dedicated September 2(3. 187(3. The follow- 
 ing Pastors have served the Church : Revs. J. W. Thompson, L. II. Thompson, 
 W. C. Archer and J. G. Johnson, the present Pastor. There were twelve 
 members at the time of organization, and there are now twentv-nine. 
 
 RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This township is east of Monticello and west of AYashington, and is one of 
 the first settled in the county. The south fork of the Maquoketa River crosses 
 the southwest corner of the township, and by this means and numerous creeks, 
 the whole is well watered. About one-third of the area is as fine prairie land 
 as there is in the State, and the balance is timber-land. The prairie is in the 
 northwest corner, and here the village of Bowen's Prairie is situated. Twenty 
 years ago, this was a village of considerable importance, but the building-up of 
 the town of Monticello caused the removal of business to that place. The fol- 
 lowing heads of families are found at Bowen's Piairie Village: E. S. Blodgett, 
 Cyrus Whittemore, William Whittemore, Widow Heims, Frederick Pennaman, 
 N. C. Rowley and James Craig. N. C. Rowley is the Postmaster. There are 
 two churches in the village and a German Church in the western portion of the 
 township, about two miles south of Bowen's Prairie. We were unable to get 
 the history of the Methodist Church at the village, or the German Church, 
 when we were in that part of the county. 
 
 The timbered portion of the township is settled principally by Germans and 
 Irish. A portion of the town of Cascade is in the northeast corner of the 
 township, and an excellent water-power is here afforded by means of the north 
 fork of the Maquoketa. 
 
 The Bowen's Prairie district constitutes one of the loveliest landscapes in 
 the State, and, had the village secured a railroad would have been one of the 
 most important towns in the county. 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF BOWEN'S PRAIRIE. 
 BY BAiniETT AVHITTEMOKE. 
 
 The following, by Barrett Whittemore, though somewhat lengthy, is so 
 entertaining that we give it entire, knowing full well that every subscriber to 
 the Jones County History Avill be delighted with anything from the pen of "The 
 Old Schoolmaster of Bowen's Prairie." 
 
 " Bowen's Prairie originally included all that prairie region west of Cas- 
 cade, which lies between the two Maquoketa Rivers, and east of Plum Creek, 
 and including a part of the counties of Dubuque, Jones and Delaware, com- 
 prising two townships of land, more or less. It derives its name from Hugh 
 Bowen, who, in company with John Flinn, in the year 1836, first visited this 
 locality ; and, being charmed by its beautiful scenery, fertile soil, salubrious 
 springs, and other desirable atti-actions, they selected adjoining claims. That 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTF. 527 
 
 of the former being well known as the " Bo wen Farm," and the latter lying 
 immediately west of it, and now owned by Ebenezer Little and Barrett Whitte- 
 more. The favorable reports Avhich these adventurers gave of the country stim- 
 ulated others to visit this section, and the same year, Moses Collins and Joshua 
 Johnston came and staked off claims north of the two just named, and now 
 owned by William Beatty and Robert Bunting's widow. Alfred Weatherford 
 also arrived the same season, and, in the absence of Mr. Flinn, took possession 
 of his claim, and, by intimidation, succeeded in holding it. About this time, 
 Thomas S. Denson, Gillespie Laughlin, Charles Johnston and Franklm Dalby 
 came and selected claims in the same neighborhood, all now or lately owned 
 respectively by Joseph Hickman, William Brazelton. Philip Cline and Franklin 
 Dalby. In the same year, the Delong family, consisting of father and mother, 
 with "their five sons, William, Parl^, Perry, John and Jacob, and a daughter 
 Susan, took possession of the Falls and the vicinity known as Cascade. They 
 put up two cabins on the premises, one being situated about four rods west of 
 the Falls and the other near the present site of G. G. Banghart's store. As 
 there seemed, however, to be a prospect that their claim would be contested, 
 they sold the water-poAver and ^ the land lying east of the river, with a narrow 
 belt 200 feet wide lying west of the river, to John Sherman, who afterward dis- 
 posed of one-half his interest to Hugh Bowen. Near this time, Daniel Varvel 
 and William Clark took possession of the present site of Monticello, where they 
 built a commodious log house, and opened adjoining farms. About the 1st of 
 January, 1837, Thomas Dickson, with his wife and two children, Elizabeth 
 and William, moved to the prairie, laying claim to the premises now occupied 
 by the Yousse family. After living on, and improving the same several years, 
 be sold his claim to Benedict Yousse, who has been a resident on the same 
 some thirty-three years. In the same year, William Moore, Sr.,with his three 
 sons, William, Thomas and John, came and took up claims south of the Yousse 
 farm just mentioned. Two of the sons, William and John have lately died, 
 and Thomas is still living on the original claim. The father, William Moore, a 
 hale and hearty old gentleman, after leaving Bowen's Prairie, bought the 
 Beardsley farm, some seven miles west of Monticello, where he lived until two 
 years ago, when he died. I will illustrate some of the inconveniences of 
 the good olden time, even extending to the important act of getting 
 married, by relating the following incident : Mr. Moore, being a widower, 
 and deeming it not good for man to be alone, sought a helpmeet, and suc- 
 ceeded in finding one who was willing to accommodate him, provided the 
 necessary preliminaries could be complied with. But here was a dilemma. 
 Ministers and Justices of the Peace were not as plentiful as at present, and 
 to obtain the services of either would be attended with delay, expense and 
 trouble. A Justice, however, was found, in the person of Jacob Hamilton, 
 then living at Whitewater, in Dubuque County ; and, being sent for, he came, 
 but on his arrival, found himself in a different county, and, therefore, out of 
 his jurisdiction. Here, then, was another difficulty to be surmounted. But 
 necessity is truly the mother of invention. 
 
 " The parties could all walk over the line into Dubuque County, and then 
 all would be right. So, shortly after, having made the necessary arrangements 
 for a foot-tramp of some three or four miles, a party of five, includmg the 
 important personage of Justice, with Thomas Dickson and wife as witnesses, 
 set out on foot, and in due time reached the desired locality, just within the pre- 
 cinct of Dubuque County. And here, under the blue canopy of heaven, sur- 
 rounded by the forest oaks, the knot was tied, the blessing pronounced, and 
 
528 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 the parties dispersed ; and this is the history of the first wedding on Bowen's 
 Prairie, just forty years ago. 
 
 '' The United States surveys of the public lands in this vicinity, were made 
 in the years 1836—37. As many claims were taken and improvements made 
 previous to these surveys, some of the claimants were much annoyed by the 
 Government lines passing through their improvements, thus frequently, essen- 
 tially interfering with private boundaries established by the claimants them- 
 selves. A small inclosure was liable, in certain contingencies, to fall on four 
 different sections, frequently placing the building on one section and the 
 improved land on another. To the married man, this was of comparatively 
 minor importance, as he would have the ability to purchase whatever he wanted. 
 But these contingencies often made sad havoc with the poor settler's anticipa- 
 tions, whose means were frequently limited to the purchase of forty or, at most, 
 eighty acres. A compromise in such cases was frequently made by accommo- 
 dating neighbors, but selfishness, then as now, was not an uncommon element 
 in the human heart. 
 
 " The 16th Section, being reserved for school purposes, and placed under the 
 control of the State, was liable to be kept out of market for a series of years, 
 and, when offered for sale, was put up with such limitations in regard to price, 
 as was deemed most advantageous to the school fund. Therefore, should a settler 
 have made valuable improvements on such lands, he was liable to be subjected 
 to pay a higher price per acre for his lands than he would have been had such 
 land been under the control of the General Government. The cutting and 
 using of timber on such lands, except under certain restrictions, was declared 
 by law an indictable offense. 
 
 *' On the 1st of January, 1838, Barrett Whittemore first took up his perman- 
 ent residence on Bowen's Prairie, and commenced improving the premises now 
 occupied by himself, and including the farm immediately east, now owned by 
 J. Hickman, consisting of 100 acres of prairie and 80 acres of timber. His first 
 domicile was a log cabin 14x16 feet, built some three rods north of his present 
 residence, and into Avhich he moved on the 19th day of May in the same year, 
 entering into a temporary partnership with T. Dickson, and boarding Avith him. 
 
 " On the 28th of February, in this year, John Gillman, a Methodist minis- 
 ter, held the first religious meeting on Bowen's Prairie and probably the first 
 in the north part of the county. He preached here regularly every three weeks 
 afterward, during his stay on this circuit. 
 
 " On the 24th of April following, a most melancholy event transpired on 
 the prairie, filling the whole community with gloom, and the family immedi- 
 ately interested with unspeakable anguish. The circumstances were these : 
 We had finished our out-door work and chores, glad to enter the house to sit 
 down and enjoy the cheerful fire blazing upon the hearth, which the cold, bleak 
 northeast wind and rain rendered peculiarly grateful to our chilled bodies. 
 Darkness had set in, rendering the out-door desolation doubly so. Suddenly 
 we were aroused by a knock at the door, and the entrance of two of our neigh- 
 bors, who informed us that a boy was lost. Alfred Denson, a remarkably 
 bright and amiable lad of six years, and the light of the household, had wan- 
 dered from the house and was lost, either on the cold, bleak prairie, or in the 
 still more dismal forest. The instant the information was communicated, we 
 felt that the poor boy's fate was sealed. If he had wandered into the thick 
 woods, he might possibly survive until morning, but if, as we feared, he had 
 strayedout into the wide, unprotected prairie, we felt that his sleep that night 
 would be ' the sleep from which there is no awakening.' 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 529 
 
 " Dark and dreary and uncomfortable as was the night, the citizens were 
 aroused, and started out with the resolution to do what they could. But the 
 night was intensely dark ; we were destitute of lanterns, and were obliged to 
 depend on torches to guide us in our travels, and these were comparatively use- 
 less on account of the strong wind and rain. We expected to get lost our- 
 selves, but this did not deter us. Our first design was to search the forest in 
 the vicinity of the child's home, and to build fires in different places, if possibly 
 the child might discover some of them ; they also might be guiding-stars to the 
 searchers. 
 
 " There was a timber road leading into the forest, which we thought possi- 
 bly the boy might have raken, and, examining it particularly with the light of 
 our torches, we discovered his track leading into the forest. This encouraged 
 us to proceed, thinking now we had ascertained the direction he had taken. 
 We were also the more encouraged in regard to the safety of the boy, as, if we 
 should not find him that night, he might obtain a shelter which would save him 
 from perishing. Soon, however, we found another track of his retracing steps, 
 and leading back into the prairie. On this discovery, we were thrown into con- 
 fusion in regard to the course we should take. We knew not whether he would 
 abide by the road, and thus reach the open prairie, or whether, in the dark- 
 ness, he might have left it and still be wandering in the forest. We, however, 
 followed it, and again discovered his track near the northeast corner of Hugh 
 Bowen's field, and some 100 rods out into the open prairie. Here we took 
 rails from the fence, and built a large fire, which could be seen all through the 
 settlement. We built the fire also, partly, as guide to the child, if he should 
 be fortunate enough to see it, and partly as a pilot to ourselves. 
 
 " Hoping that possibly he might, in his wanderings, have reached some of 
 the neighbors, we visited those living on the north side of the prairie, to wit : 
 Moses Collins, Charles Johnston and Franklin Dalby. Not discovering any 
 further trace of the child, we proceeded thence westerly on a neighborhood 
 road, became bewildered, losing our track and course. We then commenced 
 shouting, and obtained a response from the elder Mr. Dalby. We groped our 
 way to his residence, and deeming it advisable to hunt no further before day- 
 light, we encamped by the fire for the night. 
 
 "For tsvo succeeding days, the whole community, including Cascade and 
 Monticello, comprising some thirty persons, made a systematic search through 
 the timber, north and south of the settlement, and the prairie between, but 
 without success, and it was not until the fourth day afterward that the lifeless 
 body of the boy was discovered nearly covered up with tall slough-grass, some 
 eighty rods north of the present residence of T. W. Little, and nearly two 
 miles distant from his home. He doubtless perished on the first night of his. 
 wanderings. The sympathizing neighbors immediately collected and assisted 
 as best they could in performing the last rites of burial. There was no minis- 
 ter to officiate. A little baml of sincere mourners bore the child to its last 
 resting-place, there to rest in peace until the resurrection morn. And this 
 marks the era of the first death and burial on Bowen's Prairie. 
 
 "On the 26th of May, in the same year, Williams Collins first visited the 
 prairie, taking up a claim on the north side — now more familiary known as the 
 Collins farm. He soon afterward moved to the prairie with his wife and two 
 small children — Mary and Ann. The elder one, Mary, is living in Delaware 
 County and is the widow of the late Dr. Moses Perley. Mr. Collins was a 
 native" of Kentucky, and first came up the Mississippi River about the year 
 1827, landing at Galena, and thence proceeding to the Blue Mounds, in 
 
530 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 Wisconsin, where he resided some six years, when, in 1833, at the first settlement 
 of Iowa, he came to Dubuque and commenced mining on Catfish Creek, some 
 two miles southwest of Dubuque. Thence he moved to Durango, where in Jan- 
 uary, 1835, he married Kezah Hogan, a daughter of David Hogan, with whom, 
 as above stated, he moved to Bowen's Prairie. I do not feel justified in closing 
 his history just here. Born in Kentucky, he possessed in an eminent degree 
 that frankness, hospitality, that stern independence, that delicate sense of honor, 
 which marks the true Kentuckian. His wife, also, was a model woman, remark- 
 able for her intelligence and grace, and for all those noble qualities of mind 
 and heart which characterize the true Christian lady. She died suddenly on 
 the 30th day of September, 1842, leaving a fiimily of five helpless children 
 and a broken-hearted husband. During the gold excitement, Mr. Collins went, 
 to California, where he remained fourteen years and then returned to Bowen's 
 Prairie. After remaining here some five years, he moved to Warrensburg, 
 Johnson County, Mo., where he died some years ago. 
 
 '• On the 24th of May, 1838, the Delong brothers raised a saw-mill some 
 two miles above Cascade, being the first saw-miil built in this vicinity. On the 
 12th of June following, the Territory of Wisconsin was divided by act of 
 Congress, to take effect on the 3d of July following, that portion west of the 
 Mississippi River to constitute the Territory of Iowa. On the 11th of Sep- 
 tember, 1838. the first general election in Jones County was held at the house 
 of Barrett Whittemore, for the purpose of electing a Delegate to the legislative 
 Assembly of the Territory of Iowa. Eleven votes were cast. Mr. Whittlesey, 
 a candidate from Cedar County, was present. On the 7th of December follow- 
 ing, a meeting of the citizens of Jones County was held at the house of Bar- 
 rett Whittemore for the purpose of taking the preliminary steps toward the 
 organization of Jones County. Hugh Bowen was Chairman of the meeting 
 and William Hutton, Secretary. On the 24th of January, 1839. the county 
 of Jones was organized by act of the Legislature, to take eff'ect on the 1st of 
 June following ; also on the same date, January 24th, an act was passed 
 appointing three Commissioners to locate the county seat of Jones County. 
 The names of the Commissioners were : Simeon Gardner, of Clinton County ; 
 Israel Mitchell, of Linn County, and William H.Whitesides, of Dubuque County, 
 who were instructed to meet at the house of Thomas Dickson, of Bowen's 
 Prairie, for that purpose, on the second Monday in March, 1839. On the day 
 appointed, Mr. Mitchell arrived, and, after waiting two days and the others 
 failing to make their appearance, he returned without accomplishing his mis- 
 sion. 
 
 " On the 1st of January, 1839, an act was passed providing for the estab- 
 lishment of common schools. February, 1839, marks the era of the first settle- 
 ment of Fisherville, some two miles above Anamosa, on the Buffalo, by George 
 H. AValworth and Gideon H. Ford, for the purpose of building a saw-mill. Hon. 
 Timothy Davis, of Dubuque, was also a partner in the concern. A hewed-log 
 house twenty-four feet square, was erected for the accommodation of the firm. 
 Shortly after, two younger brothers of Mr. Walworth, to wit, C. C. Walworth 
 and J. D. Walworth, arrived and formed a part of the household. On the 16th 
 of April, 1839, Harrison Bowen, a brother of Hugh Bowen, arrived with his 
 family from Ohio, taking up his residence with his brother. Joseph Berryhill, 
 a half-brother of Mr. Bowen, arrived at the same time. On the 23d of May, 
 in the same year, the engineers appointed to survey the military road from 
 Dubuque to Iowa City, passed through the prairie, locating the road substan- 
 tially where it now runs ; $20,000 were at first appropriated by the General 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 531 
 
 Government for surveying, bridging, grubbing and opening the same. Subse- 
 quently, $13,000 additional Avere appropriated for the same purpose. Out of 
 this appropriation, a Mr. Reed, of Fairview, was paid for building the first 
 bridge across the Wapsipinicon at Anamosa. In the same year, 1839, James 
 L. Langworthy, of Dubuque, also took contracts for bridging, grubbing, and 
 opening the road, paying $3 per mile for running a furrow to inJicate the local- 
 ity of the road. July 3, 1839, witnessed the raising of Walworth's mill, at 
 Fisherville. Runners were sent some eighteen miles for hands to raise. Thirty 
 were obtained. This was probably the first heavy raising in Jones County 
 without whisky. Strong coffee, richly prepared with sugar and cream, was 
 used as a substitute. As the raising occupied two days, all hands encamped 
 for the night on the ample floor. As a pastime during the evening, an inter- 
 esting discussion on banking was held, George H. Walworth being in favor and 
 James L. Langworthy opposed, to the institution. 
 
 " On the 24th of July, 1839, the first political caucus in Jones County was 
 held, at the house of Clement Russell, for the purpose of nominating Territorial 
 county officers. George H. Walworth was nominated for the Assembly. On 
 the 5th of August, was held the second general election in Jones County, forty, 
 two votes being cast in Bowen's Prairie Precinct. The candidates for Repre- 
 sentative were Israel Mitchell and George H. Walworth. The latter was 
 elected. Hugh Bowen was elected Sheriff. I will relate an incident, said to 
 have transpired in this precinct at this election, tending to illustrate the accom- 
 modating spirit of Justices in those days, as well as the sensitiveness of candi- 
 dates for office when their fitness for duties was called in question. During the 
 day of election, it was noticed that a certain candidate was for some length of 
 time in close consultation with a certain Justice of the Peace. There appeared 
 to be great earnestness on the part of the candidate, as well as a disposition to 
 listen on the part of the Justice. Something was up, that was evident, an ax 
 to grind, if nothing more. At length an inkling of the state of things was 
 revealed by a favored few, who pretended to know how matters stood. The 
 said candidate, Avhom we will call Daniel, had heard it whispered that he was 
 incompetent for the office, in fact, that he couldn't spell his own name correctly. 
 This, if true, would surely have been a damaging accusation. But the said 
 candidate was determined that such a glaring slander should be refuted ; that 
 obstacle, at least, in the way of his election, should be removed. He would pro- 
 duce an affidavit, signed by his own hand ; that the accusation was cruelly false ; 
 that he did know how to spell his name ; that he had done it and could do it 
 again ; that he never spelled his name Daniel ; that he was prepared to produce 
 documents to show that he always spelt it Danill. Having, of course, satis- 
 fied the legal voters on this point, it is presumed they governed themselves 
 accordingly, accepting his statement of the case that he did spell his name with 
 n double instead of a single '1.' 
 
 '• As horse-racing is one of the established institutions of the day, it may 
 not be inappropriate to trace back its history to the first grand horse-race on 
 Bowen's Prairie, and probably in Jones County, tending to show, if nothing 
 more, the respectability of its origin, its felicitous results, and its tendency to 
 elevate and refine the moral sentiments of the community at large. This 
 event happened on the 18th day of x'Vugust, 1839. The competitors were 
 Charles Johnston and Alfred Weatherford; the day, the holy Sabbath ; the 
 wager, a gallon of whisky ; distance to be run, eighty rods ; terminus, a stake- 
 and-ridered fence. At the word ' go,' both parties started off at a commenda- 
 ble pace, but, as they neared the fence, the said Johnston, valuing his head at 
 
532 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 a higher figure than a gallon of whisky even, held up, and thus saved a skull 
 he was not prepared to break. But his competitor, Weatherford, was not to be 
 thus defeated ; he could see in the stake-and-ridered fence ahead something 
 which would make him happy for a week, so for the fence he went with all the 
 madness of a Calmuck Tartar. His horse, however, once in his life, seemed 
 disposed to exercise his own rights, to-wit, that of life and limb, and when 
 within some twenty feet of the decisive leap which would have mingled horse, 
 rider and fence in one indistinguishable ruin, suddenly/ stopped. The momen- 
 tum, however, carried the rider most effectually not only to but into the desired 
 goal, completely demolishing both rider and fence. The conflict was over, the 
 race won, and the whisky most cheerfully forthcoming, the loser declaring his 
 entire satisfaction at the result, and proposing to repeat the contest, saying he 
 had one more gallon he would be happy to dispose of with similar results. 
 Whether the race was repeated, deponent is not informed. 
 
 " On the 24th of August, 1839, a meeting of the citizens of Jones County 
 was held at the center of the county, to obtain an expression of their wishes 
 in regard to the county seat. On the 16th of September, 1839, Edmund 
 Booth called here on his way to Fisherville. It is none of our business to 
 inquire what his business was, or why, in a reasonable time afterwai'd, he led 
 to the altar the accomplished sister of Mr. Walworth. On the 13th and 
 14th of November, 1839, Joseph E Green raised his hewed-log house, on 
 the premises now owned by Francis M. Hicks, being attracted to that 
 locality by its bountiful spring of water and beautiful scenery, and on the 
 day following, a dwelling-house was raised by a Mr. Michaeljohn, a Scotch- 
 man, near the late residence of Andrew Gordon. On the 27th of the same 
 month, Hugh L. Johns raised a blacksmith-shop some twelve rods east of the 
 house of Barrett Whittemore. 
 
 " On the 21st of January, 1839, an act was passed appointing Chauncy 
 Swan, John Ronalds and Robert Ralston to meet at Napoleon, on the 1st day 
 of May, 1839, and locate the seat of government of the Territory of Iowa, 
 resulting in its location at Iowa City, in the county of Johnson. On the 17th 
 of January, 1840, the city of Dubuque was incorporated. On the 13th of 
 March, in the same year, ground was broken on the public square of Iowa City 
 for the foundation of the State House, Barrett Whittemore being plowman. On 
 the 15th of June, 1840, the official census of Jones County was taken by Hugh 
 Bowen, as follows: Males, 290; females, 185; total, 475. About the 20th of 
 June in this year, the citizens of Bowen's Prairie, including Monticello and 
 Cascade, met at the house of Moses Collins for the purpose of taking measures 
 to protect their claims at the coming land sales, from the iron grasp of land 
 speculators, and to reconcile conflicting claimants, so as to avoid countcrbidding 
 at the sale. A resolution to that eft'ect was drawn up and signed by twenty- 
 five persons. William Collins and Barrett Whittemore were appointed to act as 
 bidders for all purchasers in this vicinity, and George H. Walworth for the 
 same purpose in the south part of the county. 
 
 " On June 22, 1840, the land sales for this region commenced. George L. 
 Nightingale was Auctioneer, and Thomas McKnight, Receiver. Two townships 
 were sold daily, occupying about one hour. The remainder of the day was 
 devoted to receiving moi.ey and issuing certificates. On Thursday following, 
 June 25, Richland Township was offered. Only two sections were sold, 
 amounting to $1,600. This amount not only drained the purchasers of their 
 ready cash, but a considerable amount of it was borrowed at 25 to 30 per cent 
 interest. The remaining claims were left unsold for the want of means to 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 533 
 
 purchase with, thus subjecting the claimants to the risk of losing their claims. 
 The risk, however, was not wholly on one side. Woe to the audacious spec- 
 ulator, who, in those days, failed to recognize the equitable rights of the occu- 
 pying claimants. During the hours of sale, the auction-room was surrounded 
 by an organized band of determined men, ready to inflict summary vengeance 
 on any who should dare to raise the bid of an actual settler, or who should bid 
 on land claimed by one. It must be acknowledged that the stand taken by the 
 settlers could not have been legally sustained, and might, in certain contingen- 
 cies, have provoked a conflict between the settlers and the Government. But 
 the settlers were willing to incur that risk, and circumstances rather tended to 
 lead to the impression that the Government oflScers were inclined to avoid, if 
 possible, such a conflict. 
 
 " At this date, Alfred VVeatherford sold his claim to Francis Gehon, and 
 moved to Missouri. Mr. Gehon sold to a Mr. Malony, who, in 1847, sold to 
 Ebenezer Little. His son is the present owner and occupant. During this 
 season, 1840, John Byers, then a lad of some ten summers, came to the Prairie, 
 taking up his residence with Hugh Bowen, with whom he lived till about the 
 time of his marriage to Mary Ellen Graham, a daughter of David Graham, 
 formerly of Bowen's Prairie, and now a resident of Anamosa. Mr. Byers lived 
 for some years in independent circumstances on his farm near Langworthy, and, 
 with his estimable lady, still retains the cordial respect and good will of numer- 
 ous friends of his earlier days. He now lives at Great Bend, Kan. 
 
 " On the 19th of October, 1840, the first schoolhouse on Bowen's Prairie, if 
 not in the county, was raised, being a private institution of Barrett Whitte- 
 more's, and situated a few rods east of his present residence. For some nine 
 years, this building was used alternately as a schoolhouse, a church and a court 
 room. Previous to this, quite a number of settlers had located in Cascade and 
 vicinity, including John Raff'erty, Mahlon Lupton, Asa Leek, Lyman Dillon, 
 Robert and George Snowden, Peter Summers, and others whose names are not 
 recollected. Elon Raff'erty, son of John Raff'erty, still lives on or near his 
 original homestead. 
 
 "On the 28th of January, 1841, John O'Sullivan raised his first dwelling- 
 house on the premises now owned by his son. 
 
 '• On March 22, 1841, the District Court was held in Edinburg, probably 
 the first session held in the county. Thomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, was 
 Judge, Hugh Bowen, Sheriff", and William Hutton, Clerk. In the lack of out- 
 side accommodations, the court-room was used as a substitute. In the evening 
 was held a political discussion, in which Lewis A. Thomas, a lawyer from 
 Dubuque, and George H. Walworth were speakers ; Charles P. Hutton also 
 participated, after which was had an organization of the Whig party. This 
 year, William Tibbetts arrived with his family, and settled on the premises 
 where he resided until a few years ago, when he moved into Monticello. During 
 his residence, he has been elected to various county and township offices, prom- 
 inent among them that of Justice of the Peace. 
 
 " On the 8d of February, 1841, Charles Johnson moved to Missouri, but 
 subsequently returned, and, about the year 1850, moved to California, where 
 he still resides. 
 
 "In 1841, John McGinty and family moved to Bowen's Prairie, occupying 
 a house belonging to Franklin Dalby, where he resided some two years, when 
 he removed to his farm, two miles east of Cascade. 
 
 " June 21, 1841, a school was opened by Barrett Whittemore on Bowen's 
 Prairie, being the first school taught in Jones County, north of the Wapsipinicon, 
 
534 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 and continuing in session, with two short vacations, until the 4th of March, 
 1842, constituting a term of thirty-five weeks, or 175 days ; tuition, ^3 
 per quarter ; chiklren under 7 years, ^2.50 ; whole attendance, 29 ; average, 
 15, Books used were McGuff'ey's First, Second and Third Readers, Webster's 
 Elementary Speller, Smith's, Pike's, Daboll's and Smiley's Arithmetics. There 
 were eighteen writers, eleven in Avritten arithmetic, two in geography and one 
 in grammar. 
 
 " On the 27tii of June, 1841, Rev. Ira Blanchard, a Baptist minister, resid- 
 ing in Castle Grove Township, held a religious meeting in the schoolhouse and 
 made appointments to preach every fourth Sabbath after. At his second meet- 
 ing, on the 24th of July following, some seventy-five persons Avere present, 
 considered then the largest collection of persons ever assembled in Jones 
 County ; some of the hearers residing fifteen miles distant. 
 
 " About the 1st of January, 1842, a post office was established at Cascade ; 
 L. A. Styles, Postmaster. On the 19th of February following, was held the 
 first temperance meeting in this vicinity, at a house owned by Arthur Thomas, 
 of Cascade. Some twenty persons were present, twelve of whom signed the 
 pledge. Two weeks afterward, a second meeting was held and a Temper- 
 ance Society formed ; William Collins was elected President, Asa Leek, Vice 
 President, and William Hutton, Secretary. Temperance meetings were fre- 
 quently held afterward in this vicinity, awakening considerable interest in the 
 cause, but instigating the enmity of the rumsellers. 
 
 " During the year 1842, the Delong family sold their lands in Cascade 
 and vicinity to the following purchasers : Caleb Bucknam, since deceased ; G. 
 G. Banghart and John Taylor, the present occupants. Most of Mr. Buck- 
 nam's original ])urchase is now merged in the village of Cascade. Mr. Bang- 
 hart lias been a prominent merchant in Cascade for nearly the whole period of 
 his residence there, some thirty-seven years, occasionally assuming the duties 
 which the county or township imposed on him. He was elected County Com- 
 missioner of Jones County soon after its organization, performing his duties 
 with credit and ability. John Taylor was a native of Rockingham County, N. 
 H., whence he emigrated to New York at the age of sixteen, thence to 
 Wisconsin, subsequently to Dubuque, and thence to Jones County, as above 
 stated. Soon after his arrival, he was elected Probate Judge of Jones County, 
 which office he held for three years. In 1844, he was elected as Delegate to 
 the Convention for framing a State Constitution, and has been repeatedly 
 elected as State Repi'esentative, serving in that capacity six or eight sessions 
 in all. It is not necessary to speak of him as a neighbor and citizen, what the 
 writer could say would be deemed a cold compliment by those numerous recipi- 
 ents of his bounty, by the desolate bosoms which have been cheered by his 
 sympathy, and by alienated hearts which have been reconciled by his timely 
 and wise counsels. 
 
 "June 17 and 18, 1843, witnessed the arrival on the prairie of Otis Whitte- 
 more and wife, with a brother-in-law, John H. Eaton. He soon after laid 
 claim to his old premises on Bowen's Prairie, which he commenced improving 
 and on which he resided some twenty-four years, when, nine years ago, he 
 moved to Monticello, where he now resides. He took a prominent part in 
 building the Congregational Churches both at Cascade and Bowen's Prairie, 
 About the year 1854, he opened a store on Bowen's Prairie, and, for several 
 years, supplied most of the inhabitants with dry goods and groceries. In 
 1860, he was elected a Representative to the State Legislature, He has always 
 been a stanch advocate of temperance, freedom and the moral reforms of the day. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 535 
 
 " In 1854, Phillip Cline arrived on the Prairie, and purchased the premises 
 known as the Cline farm, where he continued to reside for some thirty years, 
 when he moved to Nebraska. He was a native of Virginia ; moved thence 
 to Ohio ; thence to Illinois, and finally to Bowen's Prairie. He has seen 
 a large family of children grow up under his care ; several have died ; one 
 still resides here. The others are eligibly situated with homes of their own. 
 His oldest son, William, influenced by the glaring reports from California, 
 about the year 1850, joined the crowd of adventurers, and, after an absence of 
 three years, returned, not as too many are foolish enough to do, with an 
 elephant on his foot and a flea in his ear, but did the more sensible thing of 
 returning with a. pocket full of rocks. Surely this double present of a husband 
 and a fortune must have been somewhat bewildering to any young lady, and we 
 must not be much surprised if his fairy-bird was not an exception. Be that as it 
 may, he is now living in very comfortable style in an elegant mansion, with his 
 wife and children, with an abundance of rich acres surrounding him, and I 
 presume, hardly dreams that some twenty-six years have glided away since the 
 enactment of the drama just described. 
 
 "William Brazleton moved to the Prairie in the year 1845, and first set- 
 tled on the premises now owned by A. R. Doxsee, and upon which he resided 
 until the year 1849, cultivating and improving his farm, and burning brick. 
 He erected the first brick house built in this vicinity, being the one now owned 
 and occupied by the widow of Robert Bunting. He subsequently moved to 
 Independence, Buchanan County, where he opened a hotel and ran it with 
 profit to himself and satisfaction to the traveling public. Believing the locality 
 an unhealthy one, he sold out and returned to the Prairie, and purchased the 
 farm on which his son now resides. By availing himself of all the modern 
 improvements in husbandry, and in building and household conveniences, he 
 rendered his premises an inviting resort for all lovers of scientific husbandry. 
 He now resides near Monticello, and, having been successful in accumulating 
 a competency sufiicent to release him from the necessity of physical toil, it is 
 to be hoped that he will still continue to be, as he has been, the defender of an 
 honest appropriation of the revenues." 
 
 It will be noticed that some of the above points are elsewhere referred to, 
 but only so much as to fully corroborate what is written. — [Ec] 
 
 Boweiis Prairie First Congregational Church. — This church was organized 
 March 23, 1853 ; Rev. E. Wright, of Anamosa, preached on the occasion. 
 The following persons were admitted to membership at the time of organiza- 
 tion : John White and wife, Lucian Rice and wife, Edmund Blodgett and wife, 
 Otis Whittemore and wife, Barrett Whittemore and wife, and Fanny S. Flint. 
 
 April 2, 1853, the Church met and agreed to accept the Rules and Articles 
 of Faith of the Dubuque Congregational Church. In May following, four 
 members were added to the Church by letter. There have labored with this 
 Church in the Gospel ministry : Revs. T. II. Canfield, S. C. Cady, J. Searles, 
 I. Russell, W. Apthorp, C. S. Thompson, N. Closson and the present Pastor, 
 Rev. Harvey Adams, one of the " Iowa Band." The communion service was 
 the gift of Mrs. James Bowen. 
 
 The First Congregational society was formed September, 1853, to co-oper- 
 ate with the Church in building a house of worship. The foundation was laid 
 the first of October, and the church completed and dedicated the following 
 June. The cost of the edifice was $1,300, three hundred of which was donated 
 from the Church Building Fund. This church has a fine bell, the cost of 
 which was partly donated by Asa Bowen, Otis Whittemore and others; $100 
 
536 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 was raised by means of a bell-festival. Otis Whittemore donated the ground 
 upon which the church was built, and also donated the grounds for the parson- 
 age and half an acre of land for cemetery purposes, near the church. The 
 cemetery has since been enlarged. 
 
 This Church had for many years one of the finest choirs in this part of the 
 State. There were at one time sixty members in the choir. At the outbreak 
 of the war, a number of the young men became volunteers, and the following 
 were among the number : Alfred Ilines, killed at the battle of Pea Ridge ; 
 Edgar Ileims, died in camp at Helena, Ark., and Frederick Blodgett, died at 
 Memphis, in hospital. He Avas an only son of Edmund S. Blodgett. On receipt 
 of the news of the death of the above, the orchestra of the church was draped 
 in mourning for many days. Much of the work of erecting the church edifice 
 Was done by Mr. Otis Whittemore, who was the leader of the choir for many 
 years. Mr. Whittemore also donated the grounds on which the M. E. Church 
 at Bowen's Prairie was built. 
 
 SCOTCH GROVE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The first settlement in this township was made in 1836 or 1837, and, con- 
 sequently, Scotch Grove is one of the very earliest settled districts in the 
 county. The first settlers were Scotch emigrants from the Selkirk settlements, 
 in British America, on the Red River of the North. They are said to have 
 traveled the whole distance in ox-carts of the most antiquated style of construc- 
 tion. The hardships and privations incident to their journey — nearly a thou- 
 sand miles — were numerous, and such as must have tried the very souls of 
 these hardy pioneers to an extent that entitles them to the everlasting respect 
 of all who now enjoy the advantages of this rich and populous district of the 
 county of Jones. The indomitable will and courageous spirit of these early 
 settlers have stamped their impress upon the character of the district in which 
 they located, that will continue to be felt for a long time to come. The honor 
 that is justly their due has never been paid to them, and the passing notice Ave 
 give to them is by no means commensurate Avith their just deserts. 
 
 The first settlers Avere John and Alexander Sutherland, Joseph Bremner, 
 Alexander McLlain and David McCoy. After these came Ebenezer Suther- 
 land, Donald Sutherland and Donald Sinclair, who came in about 1838. 
 Donald Livingston came in 1840, and settled near Avhat is now the poor farm 
 on the Avest side of Scotch Grove. About 1843, M. H. Hutton, and, some- 
 Avhat later, L. J. Dreibelbis and MatheAv DaAvson settled in the tOAvnship. In 
 1841, John E. Lovejoy, Avho had settled in Clay ToAvnship in 1839, came into 
 Scotch Grove, and is still a resident, though he has at times been a resident of 
 other portions of the country for a time, and was, for three years ' and a half, 
 Consul to Peru, under the appointment of President Lincoln. 
 
 At the time of the first settlement, there Avere no houses between the mili- 
 tary road and Canton. The nearest market was Dubuque, and the nearest mill 
 at Catfish Creek, and was a very poor excuse for a mill at that. The places 
 noAv called cities Avere almost without inhabitants. Maquoketa had a fcAV set- 
 tlers about it, and Dubuque Avas a mere hamlet. A few accessions were made 
 occasionally until 1850, Avhen some pioneers arrived from Indiana and Pennsyl- 
 vania, and the spies having sent back a favorable report, others followed thick 
 and fast, and now the toAvnship is thickly settled. Taken as a whole, it may 
 
^'^^i^^^^^^^~^;^?2^^;^^SW^ 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 539 
 
 be said that this township is unsurpassed for beauty of location by any in the 
 county, and but few, if any, in the State. The South Fork of the Maquoketa 
 waters the township on the north, along which there is good timber. Mineral 
 Creek waters it in the southeast, and another small stream runs through about 
 the center. The soil is a black, sandy loam, yielding abundantly to the culti- 
 vator, though it requires care and attention to develop its full resources. The 
 inhabitants are, as a rule, a moral, temperate and industrious people. During 
 the late civil war, Scotch Grove was among the first in the county to send vol- 
 unteers to the front, to fight for the preservation of the Union, and she con- 
 tinued equally patriotic throughout the long struggle. 
 
 The small village of Scotch Grove is on the Davenport Branch of the Chicago, 
 Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, in the west part of the township. H. D. 
 Hanna has a general store, and is also the proprietor of a flourishing creamery. 
 
 CHURCHES AND RED RIVER EMIGRANTS. 
 
 The Scotch G-rove Presbyterian Church is situated on Section 22 of the 
 township and near the center of the county. The original county seat was 
 located in the southwest corner of this township and named Edinburg, near 
 which the society laid out its burying ground and intended to build its church. 
 When the township was named Scotch Grove, in 1831, the name of the Church 
 was changed "to correspond. Its present location, nearly east of Scotch Grove 
 Station, is four miles northeast of the historic Edinburg. This Church was 
 organized in 1841, by Rev. M. Hummer, of Iowa City, then the capital of the 
 State. It first members were Highland Scotch families from the Red River 
 settlement of Lord Selkirk, in British America, a rival of the Hudson Bay 
 Company. They had gone to this place in 1810, and had sufi'ered considerable 
 hardships from the jealousy of the Hudson Bay Company, from the severity of 
 the climate and the depredations of the grasshopper, and had been disappointed 
 of the services of a Presbyterian minister, which Lord Selkirk had promised 
 them. One of their number, Alexander McLain, had gone to Dubuque about 
 1835, and invited them to follow him, and he came with them to the Maquo- 
 keta timber, where many of them took up claims. James Livingstone, Alex- 
 ander Rose and Angus Mathieson went to the Upper Grove, near Hopkinton, 
 "vyhile James Mathieson, the Mclntyres and the Campbells went on to the other 
 side of the Mississippi, opposite Bellevue. The first company came to Jones 
 County in 1837, while Indians were still roving in the neighborhood, which 
 were not removed by the Government to Kansas until 1846. The families who 
 came in the first company were John Sutherland and his large family of boys, 
 Alexander Sutherland and family, Joseph Bremner, David McCoy and Alexan- 
 der McLain. Next year, four families arrived, Donald and Ebenezer Suther- 
 land, Donald Sinclair and John McLain. In 1840, Donald Livingstone, David 
 Esson and John Livingstone came, making in all about seventy-five persons. 
 They traveled in ox carts, such as are still used by the Pembina half-breeds in 
 the Red River country. They are made without any iron, and are generally 
 drawn by one ox, whose harness is made of untanned buffalo-hide. 
 
 The first death in the settlement occurred in 1839, and was that of Mrs. 
 Isabel Sutherland, the mother of Donald, Alexander and Eben Sutherland and 
 Mrs. Mclntyre. For two years after the Church was formed, there was no 
 preaching except the occasional visits of Methodist ministers. John Suther- 
 land and Donald Livingstone were the first Elders. In 1843, Rev. Samuel 
 Cowles, of West Point, Lee Co., 130 miles distant, visited them on his way to 
 
 M 
 
540 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 the Presbytery at Dubuque, arid promised to preach for them as often as he 
 could on his large circuit through Linn Grove and Marion. Those were the 
 days of large circuits, and of ministers with saddle-bags instead of satchels. 
 Mr. Cowles was an earnest, able and pious minister, whose visits were welcomed 
 by old and young. He preached to these scattered Churches about five times 
 a year for seven years. He died in 1868. In 1850, Rev. F. A. Pratt preached 
 for one year, and his wife taught select school in the house of E. Sutherland. 
 He is still living, without a charge, in Mankato, Minn. In 1851, Rev. James 
 Gallatin, one of the famous Gallatins of Pennsylvania, originally from Geneva, 
 Switzerland, came just as the brethren had finished a new frame church (which 
 stood in the middle of the graveyard in old-country fashion), and preached the first 
 sermon in the new church and continued to labor faithfully on that charge and 
 at Maquoketa for five years, when he was suddenly removed by death, and was 
 buried on the east side of the church, where a modest gravestone tells of his 
 cherished memory. He chose to serve his country friends, although frequently 
 called as a minister by the Churches of Dubuque and Muscatine. He was suc- 
 ceeded, in 1856, by Rev. James L. Wilson, who continued their Pastor for 
 sixteen years. During his ministrations, in 1861, the second church was built, 
 which they now occupy. This church cost over $2,000, and Avas built without 
 aid from abroad. It is furnished with a fine bell, and has the modern addition 
 of an excellent organ. The Rev. John Rice, a graduate of Glasgow College, 
 and of the Reformed Presbyterian Seminary, in Paisley, Scotland, has supplied 
 this charge for the last six years. 
 
 This Church has been the mother of several of the same denomination in 
 the county, namely, Wayne, Bethel, Onslow, Anamosa and Center Junction, 
 and a former Pastor held stated service at Canton, Ozark and Cascade. The 
 present membership is 74, but 288 persons have been members of this Church. 
 Besides those previously mentioned, the following have been Elders : David M. 
 Cook, James Clark, Mathew Dawson, Robert B. McCullough, John Bentley, 
 Dr. Hugh McKean, S. Hazen Clark, Lyman B. Hoyt, Thomas Lyons, William 
 Clark, David Sutherland and Dr. Alexander McKean. The following have 
 been Deacons : Donald Sutherland, John Gibson, Phillip Kuhns, John and 
 William A. Sutherland, Donald Sutherland, Jr., William H. Bolton, William and 
 Robert Sutherland and Angus Sinclair. 
 
 In 1852 and soon after, a large number of people from Western Pennsyl- 
 vania, principally Presbyterians, settled in the neighborhood and united with 
 the Church. Prominent among these were Rev. James McKean and his family 
 of bovs. He had preached for twenty years, in Waynesburg, Ohio. The old 
 Church is still vigorous, and vies with its youthful companions in earnest, faith- 
 ful effort to promote the cause of morality and religion. 
 
 In 1858, a Methodist Episcopal Church was built at the little village of 
 Jonsontown, in the southeastern part of the township, but village and Church 
 afterward suffered because of the superior attractions of railroad centers. 
 About ten years later, another Methodist Episcopal Church was built on Section 
 16, one and a half miles east of the railroad station. Regular service is held 
 in the latter church. 
 
 In 1872, the Christian denomination erected a house of worship at Scotch 
 Grove Station, and is in a prosperous condition. 
 
 This township combined with Wayne, have greater church fiicilities than 
 any other three townships in the county. It can be said of them, with empha- 
 sis, that they are a church-going, law-abiding, patriotic and prosperous people. 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 541 
 
 CLAY TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Clay IS one of the oldest-settled townships in the county. The first per- 
 manent settlers were David Killam, John E. Holmes, Benjamin Collins, Tru- 
 man Brown and Madison Brown, who were here before 1838. John E. 
 Lovejoy, now of Scotch Grove, came in 1839; P. D. Turner and Horace 
 Turner came the same year, and, in the following spring, Lyman Turner, the 
 father of P. D. and Horace. From 1840 to 1850, a few settlers came in, but 
 in the latter year, the tide of emigrants which came pouring West, reached 
 that place, and Clay Township was rapidly settled from that time on. A small 
 portion of the village of Canton is in this township, and Canton may be called 
 the commercial center. In early years, considerable lumber was manufactured 
 at Canton. The South Fork of the Maquoketa enters the township at the 
 northwest corner, and crossing to the east, leaves the township at the village 
 of Canton. Along the river there is a good body of timber. The land along 
 the river is a good deal broken and some of it rather sandy, but where it can 
 be tilled gives good crops. Mineral Creek runs through the township near the 
 south side, entering it near the north line of Section 31, and leaving it about 
 a mile and a half north of the southeast corner of the township. The land in 
 the prairie districts is abundantly productive, and the township is well watered 
 and timbered. 
 
 Taken as a whole, Clay compares favorably with other townships of the 
 county. 
 
 BETHEL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 This Church was organized June 14, 1870, at the schoolhouse in the south- 
 west quarter of Clay Township, by a committee of the Dubuque Presbytery. 
 The committee consisted of Revs. S. Hodge, D. D., J. L. Wilson and Elder 
 Judge McKean. Previous to the year 1861, Rev. George E. Delavan, of Wyo- 
 ming, had preached in this neighborhoocl, and on his death, which took place 
 that year, Rev. James L. Wilson, of Scotch Grove, was invited and continued 
 to preach at the Paul Schoolhouse in Wyoming Township, everj^ two weeks, 
 from June 16, 1861, till the close of 1872. In 1865, these services were held, 
 in the Paul Schoolhouse, Clay Township, and the Lord's Supper was adminis- 
 tered frequently here, the Elders of Scotch Grove assisting, with which Church 
 the most of the brethren in this neighborhood had united. 
 
 April 27, 1870, a petition was sent by these friends to the Presbytery and 
 a committee appointed as above stated, who, in company with Revs. II. N. 
 Potter, of Epworth, Moderator, and Justus L. Janes, of Wyoming, met as 
 stated, on the 16th of June, 1870, and organized Bethel Presbyterian Church, 
 of Clay Township. 
 
 Andrew Scroggie and Stephen R. Streeper were chosen Elders, and 
 ordained and installed by the committee. 
 
 Arrangements were also made to build a church edifice, but as soon after a 
 Church was formed in Onslow, agreement was made with the Free-Will Bap- 
 tist Church in Clay, to have services in their church, which has been continued 
 till the present time. A charter and by-laws were adopted and legally exe- 
 cuted December 17, 1870. 
 
 On January 13, 1873, Rev. J. L. Wilson resigned the pastoral charge of 
 this Church, and, on May 25, Rev. John Rice preached and was invited to 
 
542 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 return and has since continued to preach to this Church in connection with 
 Scotch Grove. 
 
 On June 16, 1877, a congregational meeting was held, Rev. John Rice 
 presiding, at which time it was resolved to adopt the limited term of oifice for 
 the Elders and Deacons, whereby each is to serve three years ; • and the follow- 
 ing were chosen as Elders : Andrew Scroggie, Stephen R. Streeper, Andrew 
 Duncanson and Thomas Hamilton; and as Deacons, A. P. Ormsby, John 
 Dennison and David H. Orr, and on November 4, they were duly installed. 
 
 This Church, at its yearly meeting, January 8, 1879, gave strong expression 
 to the principles of the Presbyterian Church, on subjects of temperance and 
 dancing. 
 
 Officers, 1879: John Orr, Chairman; John Dennison, Secretary; A. P. 
 Ormsby, Treasurer. 
 
 WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 There are but few counties in which there is no Washington Township, and 
 Jones County is no exception to the rule. This is the northeast township of 
 the county, and is one of the first settled portions in it. The north fork of the 
 Maquoketa River enters the northeast corner, crosses to the southeast and leaves 
 the township about a half-mile north of the southeast corner. The Whitewater 
 branch of the Maquoketa enters the township from the north, a mile west of 
 the northeast corner, and unites with the latter in the north part of Section 10. 
 Farm Creek crosses the southwest portion, and, entering Clay Township on 
 the south, empties into the south fork of the Maquoketa a little north of the 
 center of that township. 
 
 The surface of Washington is quite broken and hilly, and a large portion is 
 timber-land. The soil, when cultivated, is productive, and the settlers are 
 mostly Irish. Among the pioneers in this township were C. P. Hutton, who 
 was one of the first Board of County Commissioners, as is stated elsewhere ; 
 James Hutton, the son of C. P. Hutton, who now resides in Scotch Grove 
 Township ; Abraham Hostetter and a Mr. MeflFord. These settled there about 
 1836 or 1837. William Radford, Mahlon Lupton, William Rafferty and 
 George Banghart, came and settled in Washington, not far from the same 
 time. A portion of the city of Cascade is in the northwest corner of this town- 
 ship and in the northeast corner of Richland, but the greater portion is in the 
 county of Dubuque, and Cascade is properly a Dubuque County city. 
 
 The early history of this township is more or less identical with that of 
 Richland, and is given in a chapter by Barrett Whittemore. 
 
 JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This township is east of Fairview and west of Madison. The surface is, 
 largely, rolling prairie land ; in parts it is somewhat broken. The Wapsipini- 
 con River enters from the west, near the center, and running southeast, leaves 
 the township a mile west of the southeast corner. Along the river, there is 
 good timber-land, and there is considerable timber in the northeast corner. 
 The village of Newport is in the south part, on the Wapsipinicon, and consists, 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 543 
 
 at the present time, of only a small collection of dwellings and a grist-mill. 
 There is an excellent water-power at this point, and this village was once the 
 county seat. One of the finest bridges spans the Wapsipinicon at this place 
 that there is in the county. It is an iron structure, and rests upon good, solid, 
 stone abutments. 
 
 The Christian Church society have a small, brick church edifice in the 
 northwestern part of the township, and there is a fine schoolhouse in the same 
 neighborhood. The first settlers in the township were James Sherman and 
 Adam Overacker. They were here as early as 1838 or 1839. Sherman set- 
 tled in the eastern part, and in early times was a Justice of the Peace. Over- 
 acker settled in the neighborhood of Newport. Levi Cronkhite, David Myers, 
 Anthony Overacker settled also in the neighborhood of Newport. David Ger- 
 man settled in the eastern part, near Sherman. Reuben Bunce, now of Ana- 
 mosa, was also an old settler in Jackson. In the year 1846, Francis Byerly, 
 Michael Byerly, Jacob Byerly, Andrew Byerly, John Byerly, William Byerly, 
 and Adam Byerly came and settled in the neighborhood of Newport. William 
 Benadon and Simon P. Benadon came with the Byerlys, Charles Beam came 
 also about the same time. Daniel Slife came in 1849. From this time on, the 
 settlers came in rapidly and Jackson is now well settled and well improved. 
 
 CASS TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This township is north of Fairview, and, though not the earliest settled',, 
 comprises a portion of the very best farming land in the county. The south 
 portion is considerably broken, and is principally timber-land, and a small dis- 
 trict in north is likewise hilly and uneven. The central portion is a beautiful 
 prairie district, almost entirely level or slightly undulating. The farms are in 
 a good state of cultivation, and the farmhouses and barns good and substantial. 
 The Buffalo Creek runs across the southwest corner, and the Dubuque & South- 
 western Branch of the Chicago & Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway crosses the 
 southw^est. In the center of the township the Congregational Church society 
 has a good house of worship, and there is a Methodist Church two miles north 
 of the center. In the southwestern portion there is one of the most flourishing 
 creameries in the county, owned and operated by Messrs. Stuart & Chadwick. 
 Among the early settlers of this township were Elisha Dodge, now of Monticello, 
 Solomon Thomas, Mr. Pitcher, George Hall, Alex. Crawford, A. P. Condit, 
 John Powell, M. Reaves, Linus Osborne, David Osborne, John Reaves, Silas 
 Samms, Jonas Samms, Robert Condit, Oliver Doyle, Mr. Acres, John Wallace 
 and others. 
 
 There were but few settlers in the township until the year 1854, and the 
 population increased rapidly after that time. 
 
 WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This fine agricultural township lies immediately south of Monticello and 
 northeast of Anamosa. It is surpassed by none in the fertility of its soil and 
 the character of its inhabitants. While in many portions of the township the 
 land is comparatively level, yet, as a whole, it is abruptly rolling and uneven, 
 interspersed with rich lowlands and lined by several small ravines. Primeval 
 
544 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 forests are not found, but areas of thrifty young timber are not rare. Nearly 
 all the land is tilhible, and is watered by Kitty Creek with its two main branches 
 and their small tributaries. The southern sections constitute a "ridge" or 
 water-shed from which small streams flow northward, and others to the southeast. 
 The township is traversed by no river. The soil is generally a sandy loam, 
 which produces excellent small grain, fair corn, good grass, and nearly all the 
 varieties of fruit which are adapted to this latitude. Areas of alluvial soil 
 yield premium corn. Their luxuriant meadows and cultivated grasses supply 
 winter food for the cattle gathered in from their "thousand hills." The town- 
 ship is well adapted to general farming and the dairy business, which latter 
 interest is rapidly becoming prominent. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The first permanent settler was James Spencer, who located in the north 
 part of the township in the spring of 1840. It was the general intention to 
 name the township in his honor, but at the organization in 1856, " Wayne " 
 was chosen in memory of a county in Ohio. 
 
 J. McLaughlin is said to have built a cabin and dug a well on land now owned 
 by Hon. G. W, Lowell, as early as 1838, and possibly a few others may have 
 founded claims before J. Spencer, but they remained only a short time, and 
 he was the earliest settler still residing in the township at date of its organiza- 
 tion. His widow lives in Monticello Avith her son-in-law, Joseph Clark. The 
 growth of the township was not rapid until after 1850. During the decade 
 prior to 1800, the population increased a hundred-fold. Notwithstanding its 
 natural advantages, it was among the last to be settled, and was the latest organ- 
 ized in the county. 
 
 ' ORGANIZATION. 
 
 This township, previously nameless, was organized on the 7th of April, 
 1856, at the house of 0. G. Scrivens, by the electors of said township, who 
 were convened by call of Joseph Gaut, who had been appointed for that purpose 
 on the 15th of March preceding, by G. C. Mudgett, the County Judge. 
 
 The Judges of election were Jacob Zigler, T. Hartman and Henry Simmons. 
 The Clerks of said election were B. F. Gant and John Clark. The first township 
 oflficers elected were : Justices of the Peace, David M. Cook and Alpheus Johnson ; 
 Constables, William Nelson and R. Batchelder ; Assessor, John Clark ; ToAvn 
 Clerk, Joseph Gaut ; Trustees, 0. M. Gaut, J. Goodin, T. Hartman ; Road 
 Supervisor, 0. G. Scrivens. 
 
 Twenty-three votes were cast at said election. The following list includes 
 a majority of all the early settlers, and their nativity, who located in Wayne 
 Township at any time prior to its organization in 1856 : E. Ackerman, New 
 York; I. Ackerman, New York; W. Armatige, Pennsylvania; Robert Barn- 
 hill, Indiana; George Brown, Indiana; John Batchelder, New Hampshire ; Steven 
 Batchelder. New Hampshire; N. Batchelder, New Hampshire; Romance Batch- 
 elder, New Hampshire; B. Batchelder, New Hampshire; A. Batchelder, New 
 Hampshire; N. Bigley, Pennsylvania ; Warren Burrough, N.Y. ; Martin Barts, 
 Pennsylvania; John Clark, Pennsylvania; J. C Clark, Penns3dvania ; David 
 Cook, Pennsylvania ; Roswell Crane, New Y'ork : Joseph Dawson, Pennsylvania ; 
 
 Z. Dunning,'New York; M. Davis, ; C. S. Gilkey, Michigan; 0. M. Gaut, 
 
 Pennsylvania; Joseph Gaut, Pennsylvania ; Benjamin Gaut, Pennsylvania; A. 
 Hiraebaugh, Illinois; L. Hitchcock, Pennsylvania; Stephen Hester, Indiana ; 
 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 545 
 
 George Hall, New Hampshire ; T. Hartman, Pennsylvania ; William Jorden, 
 
 ; Alpheus Johnson, New York ; George W. Lovell, Michigan ; Daniel 
 
 Loper, Pennsylvania; J. McDonald, Canada; G. C. Mudgett, Indiana; 
 James Milne, New York; John McBride, Pennsylvania ; W. H. Perine, Ohio; 
 David Reed, Pennsylvania; Robert Reed, Pennsylvania; James Spencer, 
 Pennsylvania; Thomas Schoonover, Indiana; G. Schoonover, Indiana; L. 
 Schoonover, Illinois ; H. Simmons, Illinois ; 0. G. Scrivers, Indiana ; James 
 Stacy, New Y'^ork ; E. Stroman, Pennsylvania ; William Sanford, Ohio ; A. 
 Sanford, Ohio ; W. P. Sanford, Ohio ; C. Taylor, New Hampshire; D. Tucker, 
 New Hampshire ; M. Tippen, Ohio ; S. Wooster, New Hampshire; E. Wooster, 
 New Hampshire; Jacob Zigler, Pennsylvania. 
 
 In the newly organized township, the first school was taught by Miss Nellie 
 McConnon, in the house of Roswell Crane at Langworthy, but Miss Martha 
 Crane, and doubtless others, had taught school in the unnamed and unorganized 
 township. Miss McConnon afterward mai'ried W. H. Proctor, a merchant in 
 Monticello, and has since died. 
 
 COUNTY FARM, 
 
 The State of Iowa, through C. P. Hutton and T. S. Dawson, Commission- 
 ers of Jones County, donated to Jones County the northeast quarter of Section 
 36, in Wayne Township, on the 20th of June, 1840. This, with subsequent 
 additions and modifications, constitutes the " County Poor Farm." It now 
 contains about 200 acres, and the county has occupied and improved it since 
 about 1860. The first Steward was 0. B. Doyle. It has been for ten years 
 in charge of John Platner and wife, who are regarded as thoroughly compe- 
 tent. General farming is practiced. The beneficiaries of the institution average 
 fully twenty in constant attendance, and comprise nearly all nationalities and 
 all colors, and all ages, from the nursling to the veteran of nearly ninety 
 Avinters. The county is burdened with several who are incurably insane. 
 While the policy of the county is to decline furnishing a comfortable i^etreat for 
 all the lazy, able-bodied, willingly dependent applicants for its charities, never- 
 theless, the treatment of all its unfortunates is considerate and humane. 
 
 VILLAGES. • 
 
 Langworthy, now a station on the Southwestern Branch of the Chicago, 
 Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad,, was laid out by Col. W. T. Shaw January 2, 
 1858. It is situated in the northwestern part of the township, and contains 
 about one hundred and twenty-five souls. It has one general store, one cream- 
 ery, one idle cheese-factory, one blacksmith-shop, one shoemaker's shop, a post 
 oflRce, a depot, a church, express office, and no saloon, A. H. Hall is the 
 merchant, and is doing an average annual business of $12,000. He is also 
 the acceptable servant of the people and the United States Government as Post- 
 master. The obliging station agent, J, A. Rollins, informs us that the total 
 amount of freight and passenger business is annually about $1,700, which 
 includes the transportation of seventy-five tons of butter and twenty-five car- 
 loads of live-stock. The " Crescent Creamery," described elsewhere, is the 
 chief enterprise of the place. 
 
 Amher. — This enterprising little village is in the southern central part of 
 Wayne, and has grown up since the autumn of 1874, when the Midland depot 
 was there located. It now has one general store, kept by Mrs. C. E. S mford 
 
546 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 
 
 & Son, one wagon-shop, by J. P. Hollenback, one blacksmith-shop, by W. H. 
 Green, one carpenter-shop, one paint-shop, two warehouses, a depot, express office 
 and post office ; there is also a lumber-yard and an office for the sale of agricultural 
 implements. J. C. Ramsey, the station agent, buys annually 30,000 bushels of 
 grain, and Hartman & Sanford have shipped 15,000 bushels this year. Forty- 
 five car loads of live stock are shipped annually ; 950,000 feet of lumber are 
 sold, and ^700 received for the sale of tickets. The founders of Amber were 
 the Hartmans, the Sanfords and J. C. Ramsey, and they are still prominent in 
 business. T. Hartman, a pioneer,- is the original Postmaster. The post office 
 was established in 1873, with the name of Blue Cut, which was, on the 1st of 
 July, 1878, changed to Amber. 
 
 CREAMERIES. 
 
 On the eastern central part of Wayne is the noted Diamond Creamery of 
 H. D. Sherman & Co., proprietors. Howard Putnam, Superintendent. 
 
 It was opened in the spring of 1878, and the average amount of milk 
 used per month the first season was 10,000 pounds. Average per month in 
 1879, 14,000 pounds. 
 
 This creamery uses the Orange County deep-setting pans, the square 
 revolving churn and the Walker Patent Butter- Worker. The milk is entirely 
 supplied from Wayne Township, and twenty-seven pounds are used in the 
 manufacture of a pound of butter. This creamery received the first premium 
 for Iowa butter and the sweepstakes at the International Exhibition in New 
 York in 1878. 
 
 The Crescent Creamery, C. E. Marvin, Proprietor and Superintendent, is 
 located at Langworthy station, and is ample in all its appointments. This was 
 erected early in 1879, and is receiving a monthly average of 265,000 pounds of 
 milk from the dairies in Wayne Township, and the monthly product of butter 
 is nearly 12,000 pounds, and pays to farmers about $25,000 per year. Some 
 small dairies average forty pounds per day for each cow for nine months. An 
 artesian well supplies the creamery with constant and pure water. Philadel- 
 phia and New York monopolize the " Crescent " and " Diamond " products. 
 
 Near Langworthy, also, is the neat little creamery owned by Minor Davis, 
 which receives an average of 2,000 pounds per day during the season. 
 
 All of these creameries are recently established, and the farmers of Wayne 
 are thus given a home market for $50,000 worth of the most profitable farm 
 product. 
 
 CHURCHES. " 
 
 The oldest church in Wayne is that of the United Presbyterians, on the 
 eastern border, near Scotch Grove, which is the nearest post office. It was 
 organized on the 12th of May, 1856, with twelve members. One hundred and 
 eighty-six persons have been members of this Church, The first Pastor was 
 the Rev. A. J. Allen, and the present Pastor, the Rev. W. D. Ralston, has been 
 in charge since 1864. The present Elders are Matthew Nelson, Robert 
 Heasty, J. L. Acheson, James Milne and George L. Himebaugh. The church 
 and parsonage are valued at $3,000. The present church edifice was erected 
 in 1865, and, from the shape of its spire is locally known as " The four-horned 
 church." Many of its members reside in Scotch Grove. 
 
 The Langworthy Circuit of the Methodist Episcopal Church was organized 
 in October, 1859, by the Rev. Bishop Isabel, and has enjoyed a continuous 
 itinerant pastorate. The preacher in charge is the Rev. R. Ricker. The 
 
HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 547 
 
 present edifice, named the " Springer Memorial," was built in 1872. The first 
 Trustees were P. G. Bonewitz, Minor Davis, Michael Tippin, H. Albertson, 
 J. F. Wilkins, Z. Dunning and F. J. Fish. 
 
 The Burr Oak M. E. Church, a charge on the Langworthy Circuit, also 
 erected a new church in the autumn of 1872, the Rev. J. M. Hedge being 
 Pastor. The first Trustees were Daniel Loper, Ephraim Stroman, George 
 Soper, Jacob Fryberger and Jacob Rhue. 
 
 There are three German Churches, the oldest of which is the German Evan- 
 gelican Lutheran St. John's congregation, (of Unaltered Augsburg Confession). 
 This society was organized in 1861, the first minister being R. Oswald. Their 
 new church was built in 1877. 
 
 Ths Evangelical Lutheran Zion's congregation built a church in 1874, and 
 their first Minister was J. J. Oetjen. 
 
 The United German Lutheran Reformed Church was organized in 1876, 
 and their first minister was George Rettig. This society holds no service at 
 the present date. 
 
 Town Officers. — The following is a list of town officers elected October 14, 
 1879 : Town Clerk, P. M. Himebaugh ; Trustee, Noah Bigley : Assessor, J. 
 
 C. Lawrence ; Collector, A. H. Hall ; Constable, Orange Lawrence. 
 
 Road Supervisors. — District No. 1, T. Tobiasen ; No. 2, J. C. Lawrence ; 
 No. 3, H. Adams ; No. 4, W. B. Allen ; No. 5, G. L. Himebaugh ; No. 6, 
 George Schoonover ; No. 7, Henry Hoyen ; No. 8, T. Borderker ; No. 9, J. 
 
 D. Priest; No. 10, Horace Soper; No. 11, Peter Hartman ; No. 12, Henry 
 Hartman ; No. 13, H. J. Jacobs ; No. 14, H. Harms ; No. 15, Noah Bigley ; 
 No. 16,' E. Stroman. 
 
 The township is traversed by three railroads, two of which are controlled 
 by the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, and the other is the Midland Branch 
 of the Chicago & North-Western. Most of the residents of Wayne own the 
 farms they cultivate. The majority are Americans, but a large percentage in 
 the north and east are German and others, foreign-born. The population, in 
 1875, was 1,135. Two hundred and three votes were cast at the election in 
 October, 1879, but the number of male adults exceeds that number, since many 
 foreigners do not care to assume the duties of citizenship, although this class, 
 together with all others, unite to form one industrious, thrifty and moral com- 
 munity. 
 
 
 Gf^ 
 

 r^; 
 
 I 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 ^BBREVIv^TIOlSrS. 
 
 Co company or county 
 
 dlr .dealer 
 
 I. v. A Iowa Volunteer Artillery 
 
 I. V. C Iowa Volunteer Cavalry 
 
 I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry 
 
 P. Post Office 
 
 S. or Sec Section 
 
 St street 
 
 FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 
 
 li. J. A DAIR, physician and surgeon, Anamosa ; is a native of Akron, Sum- 
 mit Co., Ohio, and was born Nov. 28, 18-10; he grew up and received his education 
 there and commenced reading' medicine ; when the war broke out, he enlisted in the 
 three month's service, in Co. K., 19th Ohio V. I.; after his time expired, he re enlisted 
 in Co. H, 104th Ohio V. I.; he served as Orderly Sergeant for eighteen months, and, 
 for six months, was in command of the company; among the battles he was in, were 
 battles of Nashville, Franklin, through the Atlanta campaign, and man yothers, some 
 twenty-four battles in all being on their battle-flag; he was wounded at Pine Mountain 
 and at Etowah River; their brigade received the arms of Gen. Johnston when he sur- 
 rendered ; *Ke was mustered out June 28, 1865 ; after his return from the service, he 
 resumed the study of medicine, and graduated at Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 
 1868; he came to Iowa and located at Anamosa in 1870, and, since then, he has prac- 
 ticed his profession here. Dr. Adair was united in marriage to Miss Sarah J. Porter, 
 from Hartford, Conn., Oct. 19, 1871; they have had three sons, two of whom were 
 taken away by scarlet fever ; Fred is their only son. 
 
 WILrlilAM ALiSPAUGH, dealer in butter and eggs, Anamosa; is a 
 native of Morrow Co., Ohio, and was born June 9, IS-tl ; when 13 years of age, his 
 parents moved to Iowa and located in Jones Co. in 1854 ; he grew up to manhood and 
 received his education here ; during the war, he enlisted in Co. K, 6th I. V.C.; the 
 regiment went to St. Louis, and was then ordered North and West in the Indian serv- 
 ice ; he was slightly wounded by an arrow ; he was in the service over three years ; 
 in 1874, he engaged in his present business, and has built up a large trade; he 
 ships mostly to Eastern markets, Chicago, New York and Boston. He has held the 
 office of Township Collector. He married Masgie Conway, from Pennsylvania, May 
 27, 1866. 
 
 A. S. ATKINSON, blacksmith, Anamosa ; is a native of Somerset Co., N. 
 J>, and was born June 30, 1833; his parents removed to Ohio in 1835, and located 
 n6ar Cincinnati, and he grew up to manhood and learned his trade there ; he came to 
 Iowa in June, 1853, and located in Dubuque, and lived in that county until 1866, when 
 he came to Jones Co. and located in Anamosa ; since then, has been engaged in busi- 
 ness here. He married Miss Hannah Greene, a native of Maryland, Sept. 20, 1854 ; 
 they have six children — Alice, Emma, Corda, Jessie, Elva and Elbert. 
 
 P. O. BABCOCK, Sheriff of Jones Co., Anamosa; is a native of Che- 
 nango Co., N. Y., and was born May 1, 1835 ; he grew up to manhood in that State, 
 and learned the trade of blacksmith in Cortland Co.; in 1856, he came to Iowa and 
 located in Bradford, Chickasaw Co., and, in 1856, he came to Jones Co. and located at 
 Castle Grove; in 1859, he removed to Monticello and engaged in blacksmithing. He 
 
550 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 was elected SherifiF of Jones Co. in the fall of 1876, and was re-elected in 1878 ; he 
 held the office of Town Collector when the railroad tax was collected, and he furnished a 
 bond for $60,000. While livino; in Chickasaw Co. he was united in marriage, Jan. 11, 
 1858, to Miss Lydia A. Farnham, a native of Cayuga Co., N. Y.; she came to Iowa in 
 1857 ; they have three daughters — Minnie E., Jennie A. and Floy ; they have lost two 
 little boys. 
 
 IRA BATES, M. D., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Viroqua ; born Jan. 30, 1822, in Mont- 
 gomery Co., Penn.; in 1848, he came to Jones Co., Iowa; he commenced the study of 
 medicine in 1844, with Dr. William Darrach, of Philadelphia; graduated in March, 
 1848. in the Medical Department of the Pennsylvania College, at Philadelphia ; he has 
 been in constant practice since then ; he owns 380 acres of land. Married Elizabeth 
 Spear in 1850; she was born in 1831, in Morrow Co., Ohio, died in 1859; had one 
 child — Adelaide, (now Mrs. Shoop) ; second marriage to Emily F. Spear in 1861 ; she 
 was born in 1837, in Morrow Co., Ohio, died in 1865; had two children — Gertrude 
 and Jane ; third marriage to Miss Mary Ganser in 1874 ; she was born in 1838, in 
 Licking Co., Penn ; has two children — Gyda and Edward. Democrat. 
 
 F. M. BEI^KIVAP, farmer, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born Dec. 11, 1834, 
 in Harrison Co., Ohio; in 1850, came to Jones Co., Iowa; owns 210 acres land which 
 was improved by his father. He married Miss R. M. Stephenson in 1857 ; she was 
 born in Stark Co., Ohio; have five children — C. H., T. M., John S., E. J. and Mary E.; 
 second marriage to Miss E. J. Waggoner in 1870 ; she was born in Hardin Co., Ohio; 
 have four children — George, Luella M., Fred and Rosa B. 
 
 J. S. BEIiKIVAP, harness-maker and dealer in harness and saddlery hard- 
 ware, Main street, Anamosa ; is a native of Tuscarawas Co., Ohio, and was born July 
 4, 1828 ; he grew up to manhood and learned his trade in that State ; he started West 
 with his father's family ; they came by wagon to Iowa, and located in Jones Co. in 
 March, 1850 ; he began working at his trade and opened the first harness shop in Ana- 
 mosa ; he used to haul his stock by wagon from Dubuque and Muscatine ; he has been 
 engaged in the business for twenty-nine years, a longer time than any other harness 
 maker or dealer in Jones Co.; he also carried on wagon-making and livery business for 
 some years in connection with his trade ; he does a leading trade. He has held town 
 offices. On the 1st of January, 1855, he was united in marriage to Miss 0. E. Gates, 
 from Cortland Co., N. Y. 
 
 THOMAS M. BELKXAP, farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Anamosa; was born in 
 Harrison Co., Ohio, June 15, 1839; his parents came to Iowa when he was 11 years 
 of age; located in Jones Co. in 1850; he grew up to manhood here and engaged in 
 farming; during the rebellion, he enlisted in August, 1862, in Co. E, 31st I. V. I.; 
 he was Sergeant of his company and served in the 15th Army Corps, under John A. 
 Logan ; he was in a great number of battles and skirmishes, and was wounded at 
 Dallas, Ga.; he was in the service three years ; returned and engaged in farming and 
 owns 120 acres of land. In 1862, he married Miss Almira Spaulding, from Jackson 
 Co., Iowa; she died Dec. 1, 1877; they had five children, four of whom are living — 
 Marion, Josie, Blanche and Burley. Mr. Belknap married Miss Mattie Morehouse, a 
 native of Kentucky, Oct. 31. 1878 ; they have one infant daughter, not named. 
 
 JONATHAN BICKEL, retired farmer, Anamosa ; is a native of Berks 
 Co., Penn., and was born July 3, 1824; he grew up to manhood there, and went to 
 Michigan and lived two years ; then removed to Ohio. In 1846, he was united in 
 marriage to Miss Catharine Brunner, the daughter of John G. Brunner, a prominent 
 man in Fairfield Co., Ohio; they lived in Ohio until 1859, then came to Iowa and 
 located in Linn Co. and engaged in farming; Mrs. Bickel died April 20, 1870; they 
 had seven children, only two of whom survive — Isaac J. and Eli F., both living in 
 Linn Co. After the death of his wife, Mr. Bickel sold his farm, and, in the spring of 
 1879, came to Anamosa. When he began life he had nothing. He still owns a farm 
 in Linn Co. and has money out at interest. 
 
 E. BOOTH & SON, publishers of the Anamosa Eureka, the oldest paper 
 published in Jones Co. 
 
FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 551 
 
 E. H. BRANT, carriage and wagon maker, Main st., Anamosa ; is a native of 
 Guilford, Chenango Co., N. Y.; he was brought up in Delaware Co. and learned his trade 
 there; during the war, he enlisted in Co. C, 144th N. Y. V. I.; in 1867, he came to 
 Iowa and located at Anamosa ; after working at his trade some years, engaged in the 
 business of wagon and carriage making and repairing for himself, and is building up a 
 good trade. He held town oflSces while living in New York State. In 1862, he mar- 
 ried Miss Emily Bagley, a native of Broome Co., N. Y.; they have four children — 
 Julius, Marquis, Ernest and Lilly. 
 
 C J!I. BROWX, attorney at law, Anamosa ; is a native of Iowa and was 
 born in Jackson Co. in 1851 ; his parents removed to Dubuque Co. when he was quite 
 young, and lived there until he was 14 years of age, and came to Jones Co. in 1865 ; 
 he received a good common-school education and entered Cornell College, at Mt. Ver- 
 non, and graduated from that institution in 1875 ; he studied law and graduated from 
 the Law Department of the Iowa State University in 1877 ; after graduating, he 
 located in Anamosa, and since then has practiced his profession here. He holds the 
 the office of City Clerk. He was united in marriage to Miss Kate Stewart, a native 
 of Ohio, June 30, 1875; they have one daughter. 
 
 GEORC;^E H. BROWN, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born April 
 27, 1811, in Easthampton, Mass.; when a child, he came to New Jersey with his parents ; 
 thence to Ohio; in 1828, came to Michigan; in 1837, he came to Jones Co., Iowa; 
 he owns 128 acres of land, which he entered. He has held about all the township 
 offices. Married Mary Alloway Feb. 22, 1844 ; she was born Dec. 6, 1829, in McLean 
 Co., 111.; had seven children, four living — George D., Emerell, James D. and Eva. 
 Albert and Eli died in infancy ; Mary died May 27, 1879, aged 31 years 2 months and 
 11 days. Democrat. 
 
 liE ANDER li. BURIilNGAME, retired, Anamosa ; was born in Che- 
 nango Co., N. Y., Aug. 12, 1815 ; he went to Pennsylvania in 1833, and lived in that 
 State until coming to Iowa in 1854, and located in Jones Co. and engaged in farming ; 
 in 1864, he went to Tama Co. and remained there four years and returned to this county, 
 and since then has resided here. In 1847, he married Miss Ellen Post, from Bradford 
 Co., Penn.; they have three children — Alice, Jennie and Orson. Mr. Burlingame is 
 an own cousin to the late Hon. Anson Burlingame, Minister to Japan, and was born in 
 the same town. 
 
 HENRY BITRRITT, of the firm of Needham & Burritt, livery and 
 boarding stable, Anamosa ; is a native of Chittenden Co., Vt., and was born Aug. 27, 
 1843 ; he grew up to manhood there and in Illinois, and came to Iowa, and located in 
 Anamosa in August, 1866, and engaged in his present business; the firm of Needham 
 & Burritt have a large stock of carriages and hoi'ses, and are doing the leading livery 
 business in Anamosa. In May, 1870, Mr. Burritt married Miss Maria Cary, from'IUi- 
 nois ; she is a native of New York ; they have three children — George, Bessie and 
 Nellie. 
 
 MATHEW CHENIRE, farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. Anamosa; he was born 
 in 1843, in Ireland; in 1852, he came to Rensselaer Co., N. Y.; in 1857, to Dubuque, 
 Iowa ; in 1863, he went to California, thence to Nevada ; in 1868, he came to Jones 
 Co.; owns 300 acres of land. Married Margaret Hier, in February, 1869 ; she was 
 born in Ireland ; have five children — Mathew U., Mary J., John F., William P. and 
 Ester E. 
 
 EDWARD F, CliARK, proprietor Waverly House, Anamosa; is a 
 native of Hampshire Co., Mass., and was born April 4, 1822 ; when 21 years of age, 
 he came West to Illinois, and was engaged in the mercantile business and grain business 
 in Stephenson and Jo Daviess Cos. until 1867, when he came to Jones Co.; he bought 
 a stock of goods and engaged in mercantile business in Anamosa, and continued until 
 three years ago ; he owns the Waverly House property, the oldest hotel here. He held 
 the office of Postmaster for many years, both in Stephenson and Jo Daviess Cos., 111. 
 He married Miss Eliza A. Shaw, from Allegany Co., N. Y., in 1849 ; they have eight 
 children — Edwin F., Mary, Eneas L., Leslie, Mittie A„ Theodore, Fred and Carrie. 
 
552 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 C W. COE, Postmaster, Anamosa ; is a native of New Haven Co., Conn., and 
 was born March 8, 1831 ; when 7 years of age, his parents removed to Illinois, and he 
 jrrew up to manhood in that State ; he came to Iowa in 1855, and located in Linn Co., 
 and remained there twelve years, then came to Jones Co.; in 1869, he was appointed 
 Postmaster of Anamosa, and has held that ofl&ce for the past ten years ; he has also held 
 town and school offices; during the war, he enlisted in the 20th I. V. I., Co. F ; he 
 remained in the service about two years, and was discharged on account of sickness ; 
 there were five brothers, all in the army, and all came out safe. In January, 1857, Mr. 
 Coe was united in marriage to Miss Phoebe Crawford, a native of Ohio ; they have two 
 children — one daughter, Louise, engaged in teaching, and one son, Frank, clerk in the 
 post office with his father. 
 
 E. M. COXDIT, General Agent of the Watertown Fire Insurance Co., for 
 the Western States; also member of the banking-house of Shaw, Schoonover & Co., 
 Shaw's Block, Anamosa; is a native of Delaware Co., Ohio, and was born Jan. 24, 
 18-40; his boyhood was spent there, and when 10 years of age, his parents came to 
 Iowa and located in Jones Co. in June, 1856 ; in 1859, he returned to Ohio, and 
 entered Oberlin College; upon the breaking-out of the rebellion, in April, 1861, he 
 relinquished his studies, and, Avith 100 of the students, entered the army, enlisting 
 in the 7th Ohio V. I.; he was in the battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, and 
 several others ; he was wounded in the battle of Fredericksburg ; after recovering 
 from his wounds, he entered the service again in the 2d 111. Lt. Art., and held the 
 position of Acting Assistant Chief of Artillery, of the 16th Army Corps, a position of 
 honor and responsibility ; he remained in the service until after the war closed, when he 
 returned to this county. On the 8th of February, 1866, he was united in marriage to 
 Miss Eliza Bell, daughter of Hon. James A. Bell, of Ohio. He was appointed General 
 Agent of the Watertown Fire Insurance Co. for the State of Iowa, and since then he 
 has been appointed General Agent for the Western States, for the same Company ; he 
 is also engaged in the banking business, being a member of the firm of Shaw, Schoon- 
 over & Co., of Anamosa ; he has held town and school offices. 
 
 JOHN a. CLD WORTH, dealer in stoves and tinware, Anamosa ; is a 
 native of Watertown, N. Y., and was born January 16, 1842 ; he grew up to manhood 
 and learned his business there; upon the breaking-out of the rebellion in 1861, he 
 enlisted in the 35th N. Y. V. I., and was commissioned 2d Lieutenant of Co. C~ 
 his term of enlishtment expired and he was mustered out June 10, 1863 ; he received 
 authority from Gov. Seymour, and recruited Co. C, of the 20th N. Y. V. C, and 
 was commissioned Captain ; he commanded his company fourteen months, when he 
 was promoted and commissioned Major of the 20th N. Y. V. C; he had an independ- 
 ent command in Virginia for eighteen months ; he was in every battle of his regiment, 
 when with it, from the first battle of Bull Ilun to the final surrender at Appomattox 
 Court House, in all over thirty general engagements, and in a multitude of fights and 
 skirmishes ; he was wounded at the second battle of Bull Run and at Elizabeth City 
 and at Currituck Court House, N. C; there were few soldiers in our army during the 
 war that saw so much active service ; he was in the army four and a half years, and 
 was mustered out at Richmond, Va., and was discharged at Sacket's Harbor Sept. 20, 
 1865; he returned to New York, and, in 1869, came to Jones Co., and located at 
 Monlicello, and remained two years; went to Chicago after the great tire in 1871, and 
 remained until 1874, when he returned to Jones Co. and located at Anamosa, and 
 since then has been engaged in business here. He was united in marriage to Miss Alber- 
 tine Tice, a native of Ohio, Sept. 13, 1877. 
 
 D. CUXNINGrH AM, agent and dealer in agricultural implements and farm 
 machinery, Main street, Anamosa; is a native of Broome Co., N. Y., and was born 
 July 12, 1825. He grew up to manhood there, and came to Iowa in October, 1850, 
 and engaged in farming. When he came here, the census returns of 1850 showed the 
 exact population of Anamosa to number 180 persons. He continued farming for four- 
 teen years, and, in 1864. he came in town, and engaged in the agricultural implement 
 business with E. B. Halderman, who established the business in 1853 ; they continued 
 
FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 553 
 
 together until 1874, when Mr. Halderman retired from the firm, and since then Mr. 
 Cunningham has conducted the business. It is the oldest agricultural house in Jones 
 Co., and he does the leading trade. He has held the offices of Justice of the Peace, 
 Town Clerk, and school offices. He was united in marriage, May 28, 1850, to Miss 
 Sarah A. Halderman, from Broome Co., N. Y.; she is a native of Springfield, Mass.; 
 they have six children — Sarah L., Emily F., Ellen L. (now Mrs. Ladd, and living in 
 the State of Delaware), Jerome D., Hattie and Fred J. 
 
 WILLIAM A. CUXMINOHAM, ice-dealer, Anamosa; is a native of 
 Randolph Co., Ind., and was born Feb. 21, 1850. When only 4 years of age, his 
 parents came West to Iowa, and located in Jones Co.; they arrived in Anamosa in 1854, 
 and he grew up to manhood here. He has been engaged in the ice business since 1868. 
 He at first began carrying ice to his customers in a basket, and then in a wheel-barrow. 
 He has increased the business until, the present year, he has sold 800 tons, and during 
 the coming year, with enlarged faciUties, will put up 1,500 tons. He has held the 
 office of Street Commissioner, and is now a member of the City Council. He was 
 united in marriage to Miss Helen Sales Feb. 8, 1875 ; she was born June 18, 1855, and 
 is a daughter of Dr. James T. Sales, and is a native of Washington Co., Iowa. 
 
 HENRY DEARBORN, proprietor Stone City Quarry, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. 
 Stone City. He was born June 14, 1828, in Grafton Co., N. H. ; in 1846, came to 
 Massachusetts ; in 1858, he came to Jones Co., Iowa. He also owns 120 acres of land ; 
 is Postmaster at Stone. City ; was appointed in 1873. He opened the Anamosa quarry 
 in 1859 ; ran it about one year ; in the spring of 1869, he opened his present quarry ; 
 has operated it since ; this is one of the largest quarries in the State, giving employment 
 to about twenty men daily. He married Martha Franklin in August, 1854 ; she was 
 born in Manchester,' England ; have five children — Franklin H., William N., Sarah, 
 George and Mary. 
 
 "j. C. DIETZ, attorney at law, of the firm of King & Dictz, Anamosa ; is a 
 native of Otsego Co., N. Y., and was born April 23, 1831. He grew up to manhood 
 and received his education there, and commenced reading law. He was connected with 
 the courts, and held the office of Justice of Sessions for three terms. He came to Iowa 
 and located in Anamosa in January, 1862, and entered the office of the Clerk of the 
 Courts, and served as Deputy. In the fall of 1866, he was elected Clerk of the Courts, 
 and held that office for eight years, and since then he has practiced law here. He has 
 held the office of Mayor of Anamosa and City Councilman, and has served as Chairman 
 of the Republican County Central Committee for a number of years. He was united 
 in marriage to Miss Martha A. Spencer, a native of Otsego Co., N. Y., Feb. 7, 1855 ; 
 they have one adopted dauuhter — Martha A. Dietz. 
 
 ROBERT DOTT, Auditor of Jones Co., Anamosa ; is a native of Scotland 
 and was born Sept. 9, 1824. He grew up to manhood there, and came to Canada_in 
 1844, and remained five years, then came to Illinois. He first came to Iowa in 1854, 
 and came to Jones Co. in February, 1856, and located permanently and entered a store. 
 After the breaking-out of the war. he enli.sted in Co. H, 14th I. V. I. He was in the 
 battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Shiloh, 
 and was taken to Montgomery, Ala., and to Macon, Ga., and held over six months. He 
 was elected Mayor in 1857, the first Mayor of Anamosa. He has held that office four 
 terms. He held the office of Justice of the Peace for twelve years. In the fall of 
 
 1875, he was elected Auditor of Jones Co., and was re-elected in 1877, and is again 
 nominated for the same office for a third term. In April, 1857, Mr. Dott was united 
 in marriage to Miss Sarah J. Peters, of Fulton Co., N. Y.; they have three children- 
 Richard M. (attending school at Ann Arbor), Robert T. and George M. 
 
 R. li. DU ER, Recorder of Jones Co., Anamoia ; is a native of the city of 
 Baltimore, and was born Sept. 1, 1843. He grew up and received his education there. 
 After reaching manhood, he lived there until 1870, when he came to Iowa and located 
 in Jones Co., at Monticello, and engaged in mercantile business with his brother. In 
 1874, he was elected Recorder of Jones Co., and was re-elected to the same office in 
 
 1876, and was again re-elected in 1878, and is now serving his third term. He was 
 
554 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 united in marriage to Miss Lucy R. Smith, from the city of Boston, Jan. 6, 1876 ; they 
 have one daughter — Alice L. 
 
 C. DUiGSER, general merchant, corner Main and Grarnavillo streets, Anamosa ; 
 was born in Germany March 8, 1844 ; he grew up to manhood there ; he entered a store 
 at 14 years of age. In 1867, he emigrated to America, and came to Iowa and located 
 in Anamosa the same year, and engaged in the mercantile business ; since then, he has 
 continued in the business, and has built up a good trade. In May, 1874, he married 
 Miss Matilda E. Ficke, a native of Germany ; she came to America in 1852 ; they have 
 two children — Freddie and Betty. 
 
 F. S. DUMONT, farmer. Sec. 29; P. 0. Martelle ; born Sept. 3, 1827, in 
 Cayuga Co., N. Y. ; in the fall of 1845, he came to Jones Co. with his parents ; 
 owns 200 acres of land. Married Miss D. A. Hakers Sept. 3, 1854 ; she was born in 
 New York, and died in Jones Co. ; had three children, two living — John B. and Mary 
 E. (now Mrs. Russell). Second marriage to Miss M. J. Porter in February, 1875 ; she 
 was born in Indiana. 
 
 A. V. EATON, dental surgeon, Anamosa ; is a native of Morris, Lamoille 
 Co., Vt., and was born Feb. 27, 1844; when very young, his parents removed to New 
 York ; he grew up and attended school there until 15 years of age, and came to Iowa 
 in 1859. He studied dentistry ; after completing his studies, in July, 1868, he located 
 here in Anamosa, and since then he has practiced his profession here. He holds the 
 office of Mayor of Anamosa; elected in March, 1878, and was re-elected in March, 
 1879 ; he has also served as member of the City Council and on the School Board. In 
 July, 1862, when only 18 years of age, Mr. Eaton enlisted in the 18th J. V. I., Co. H; 
 was in the battles of Springfield, Mo., and Prairie de Ann, Ark., and in numerous fights 
 and skirmishes ; he was in the service over three years. He was united in marriage to 
 Miss Ida M. Simmons, a native of Waterford, Wis., Jan. 14, 1868; they have four 
 children — Cora M., Jessie M., Marion and Francis Caddie. 
 
 DAVID ElililS, General Agent of the Iowa State Insurance Company of 
 Keokuk, Anamosa; is a native of Jefierson Co., N. Y. ; his parents came to Iowa and 
 located in Jones Co. in 1855 ; his father, Benjamin Ellis, died July 17, 1878, and was 
 84 years of age ; he was a soldier in the war of 1812 ; his wife died March 24, 1860. 
 David lived on a farm until 1871, when his house was destroyed by fire; he removed to 
 Anamosa, and was appointed General Agent of the Iowa State Insurance Company of 
 Keokuk. He owns a farm of 125 acres. In 1861, he was united in marriage to 
 Miss Mary Ann Joslin, daughter of Dr. Clark Joslin, one of the oldest settlers of 
 Jones County. Mr. and Mrs. Ellis have three children — Charles C, Edwin B. and 
 Emma E. 
 
 Ij. llSf, E JLIilS, General Agent of the Champion Mowing and Reaping Machines, 
 Anamosa; is a native of Indiana, and was born Aug. 23, 1840. At an early age, he 
 came to Illinois with his father, and grew up to manhood there. In 1859, he came to 
 Iowa and located in Jones Co., and engaged in milling for ten years. In 1874, he 
 became connected with the extensive agricultural house of Warder, Mitchell & Co., and 
 is now their general agent for twelve of the best counties in the State, with his head- 
 quarters at Anamosa. During the war, he enlisted in the 1st I. V. C, and also in 
 the 2d I. V. C, but was not accepted on account of his health ; he owns a farm just 
 outside the corporation limits. He married Miss Hilda Dimmitt, a native of Ohio, 
 Sept. 4, 1866 ; they have five children — Albert, Fred, Clara, Joel and Wallace. He 
 has two children — Edith Iowa and George C. — by a former wife. 
 
 THOMAS R. ERCANBRACK, attorney and counsellor at law, Ana- 
 mosa ; is a native of Fulton Co., N. Y., and was born Aug. 19, 1835 ; when 9 years 
 of age, his parents removed to Byron, Ogle Co., 111. ; he attended the common school 
 there, then went East, and completed his education in Connecticut, and graduated in 
 1858 ; after graduating, he engaged in teaching; he taught for nine years, then came 
 to Iowa and read law, and entered the Law School of the Iowa State University, and 
 graduated in 1867. In January, 1868, he came to Anamosa, and since then he haa 
 practiced his profession here. He held the office of Superintendent of Schools of 
 
/^ 
 
 c 
 
 'hFJJSiU i SmUSScLriUu Si.VY 
 
FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 557 
 
 McHenry Co., 111. He was united in marriage to Miss Hattie A. Boyce, a native of 
 Canada, Dec. 27, 1868. 
 
 GrEORdrE p. FIFIEIjD, farmer, Anamosa ; is a native of New Hamp- 
 shire, and was born in Grafton Co. April 4, 1826 ; he grew up to manhood and learned 
 the trade of blacksmitli in that State. In May, 18-48, he was united in marriage to 
 Miss Sallie A. Franklin, a native of Manchester, England ; she came to America in 
 December, 1846. They came West to Iowa in 1857, and located in Jones Co., and he 
 engaged in blacksmithing. He has worked at the trade over thirty years. He has held 
 school offices ; he is engaged in farming, and owns seventy-one acres of land. His home 
 is finely located in the suburbs of the city ; they have three children — Lillie, George H. 
 and Mattie A., and have lost three children — James H., W. Aurelius and John F. 
 
 FRAXK FISHER, Anamosa ; is a native of the north part of Bohemia, 
 and was born Nov. 8, 1838; he emigrated to America in 1854, and came to Maquo- 
 keta, Iowa ; he learned the trade of harness-maker ; in 1869, he came to Jones Co. 
 and located in Anamosa; when the war broke out, in the fall of 1861, he enlisted in 
 Co. H, 13th I. V. I. ; he was in the battles of Shiloh and Corinth, siege of Vicksburg 
 and other fights and skirmishes ; he remained in the service two years and four months, 
 and was discharged on account of ill health ; after his return, he engaged in business 
 and carried on h-iruass-making until two years ago; in 1872, he built the store be now 
 occupies on Main street. He married Mary Wanicek, from the north part of Bohe- 
 mia, Nov. 22, 1865 ; they grew up together and came to this country at the same time ; 
 they have four children — Lewis J., Clarence V., Flora May, Johnnie. 
 
 •lOHlV FOXAIili, of the firm of Foxall & Barnes, undertaking, wood-turn- 
 and repairing. Main street, Anamosa ; is a native of England, and was born June 
 11, 1827 ; he grew up to manhood and learned his business there; he came to America 
 in 1850, and lived in Galena, 111., five j'ears ; came to Iowa in 1855, and lived in 
 Dubuque and in Clayton Co. ; he came to Jones Co. and located in Anamosa in 1859, 
 and since then he has been engaged in his present business. He married Miss Martha 
 Howell, a native of England, in 1849 ; she died in January, 1869, leaving two daugh- 
 ters — Clara and Eva. Clara married J. S. Barnes Jan. 1, 1873 ; he was born in Rock- 
 land Co., N. Y., March 4, 1850 ; he grew up to manhood there, and came to Iowa and 
 located here, in Anamosa, in 1870, and is associated in business with Mr. Foxall. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Barnes have two children — George E. and John H. 
 
 E. W. <jrA WliE Y, physician and surgeon, Anamosa ; is a native of Ireland ; 
 he grew up and received his education there and commenced the study of medicine ; 
 he came to this country and completed his medical education, and graduated in 1875 ; 
 he practiced medicine in Detroit until he came to Iowa and located in Anamosa, and 
 since then he has practiced his profession here. 
 
 O. E. GIIiljEX, proprietor Gillen House, Anamosa ; is a native of New 
 York City, and was born Sept. 22, 1830 ; he grew up to manhood there, and came West 
 to Iowa in 1855 ; upon the breaking-out of the rebellion in 1861, he enlisted in the 
 5th I. V. C, Co. I; he served as Commissary Sergeant of the regiment; he remained 
 in the service three years, and returned to Iowa and opened the City Hotel at Mechan- 
 icsville, and remained there five years; in July, 1873, he engaged in the hotel business 
 at Monticello, and remained there until January, 1876, when he came to Anamosa, 
 and, in February, 1877, he opened the Gillen House. In February, 1864, he married 
 Miss Margaret R. Milligan, from Cedar Co., Iowa; she was a native of Penn.sylvania ; 
 they have four children — Jennie B., John B., Maggie A., Addie ; they have lost three 
 children. 
 
 F. W. GIIiliETT, retired, Anamosa ; is a native of Hartford Co., Conn., 
 and was born March 19, 1814 ; he was brought up in th it State and Massachusetts, 
 and came West to Iowa in 1842, and located in Muscatine; in 1845, he came to Tip- 
 ton, Cedar Co., and, in August, 1847, he came to Jones Co. and located in Anamosa, 
 and engaged in the mercantile business ; he built the store now occupied by Dr. Joslin 
 in 1850 ; it was opposite the old Court House, and was the first building covered with 
 pine siding built here ; he did a large business, and he had customers who used to 
 
 N 
 
558 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 come twenty and twenty-five miles to trade with him. Mr. Gillett is the oldest mer- 
 chant in Jones Co. ; he has frequently seen deer between his old store and the old 
 Court House ; he has never desired or had a taste for official life, and has steadily 
 refused office ; he retired from active business a few years ago. He was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Louise Osborne, a native of Otis, Mass., March 31, 18-10 ; they have one 
 gon — Frank M., engaged in business in Cedar Rapids, and lost one son — Ealph, in 
 infancy. 
 
 I>AVID GRAHAM, farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. O. Anamosa ; is a native of Vir- 
 ginia, and was born in Nicholas Co. April 17, 181-1 ; he grew up there and learned the 
 cooper's trade; in 1833, he came to Morgan Co., Ohio; he came to Iowa in April, 1844, 
 and located in Jones Co., on Bowen's Prairie; there were only two houses in Monticello 
 at that time ; he entered land and made a farm and engaged in farming and carried on 
 the cooper's trade ; he has seen dressed pork sell for $1 per hundred ; he was one of the 
 earliest settlers in this country; in 1856, he came to Anamosa and helped to build the 
 mills at the river ; in the spring of 1861, he moved where he now lives, just outside of 
 the city limits, one of the most pleasant locations, and owns a farm of forty acres. 
 Mr. Graham is a natural mechanic, and has made several useful and practical inventions ; 
 he has held the offices of County Supervisor and City Councilman. In 1835, he mar- 
 ried Frances Kinzel, from Ohio ; she died in January, 1853, leaving seven children, 
 five of whom are living — Ellen, Caroline, Johnson, John and Samantha. On the 21st 
 of December, 1854, he married Rachel Bates, from Montgomery Co., N. Y. ; she came 
 to Iowa in 1853. Mr. Graham had two sons in the army ; William J. was in Co. B, 
 9th I. V. I. ; he was wounded in the battle of Lookout Mountain. John was in Co. 
 E, 31st I V I. ; he was also wounded in the army. 
 
 (jr. B. GRAVES, billiard saloon, Anamosa; was born in Allegany Co., N. Y., 
 Sept. 11, 1843 ; when he was 13 years of age, his parents came to Iowa, in 1856 ; he 
 grew up to manhood in this county, and has lived most of the time in Anamosa ; in 
 1864, he married Miss Rebecca Groves, a native of Linn Co., Iowa ; they have one 
 son — William 0. 
 
 JOHN A. GREEN, proprietor Champion Quarry, Sec. 6 ; P. O. Stone City; 
 born Dec. 13, 1843, in Ireland; August, 1852, he' came to Massachusetts; in 1865, 
 to Illinois and, in 1868, to his present locality ; he also owns ninety acres of land ; he 
 opened this quarry in 1868, and has had it in operation since ; he employs about sixty- 
 five men during the season. Married Ellen Kane in February, 1875 ; she was born in 
 New Jersey ; came to Joliet, 111., with her parents, when about 1 year old ; they have 
 three children — Mary, Anna and Joseph. 
 
 JAMES H ALiE, farmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born April 4, 1827, in 
 Delaware Co., N. Y. ; in 1837, he cam3 with his parents to Illinois ; in 1838, came to 
 Linn Co. ; in 1876, he removed to his present form ; he owns 140 acres of land. Mar- 
 ried Lovina Young in 1862 ; she was born in Illinois in 1847 ; they have two children 
 — Don R. and Louis A. Republican. 
 
 EDWIN HARVEY, farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. O. Anamosa; was born in Cort- 
 land Co., N. Y., Aug. 26, 1833 ; when he was 13 years of age, his parents emigrated 
 to Iowa, and they came by wagon ; they started May 7, and arrived in Jones Co. June 
 14, 1847, and located on the place where they now live ; they were among the earliest 
 settlers here. After reaching manhood, he married Miss Marion Haymaker, a native of 
 Ohio, Sept. 29, 1856. Mr. Harvey is engaged in farming, and owns a good farm of 
 120 acres of the old home place just outside of the city limits. They have had seven 
 children, only one son of whom survives — John I., born Feb. 14, 1864. Mr. Harvey's 
 father died March 29, 1864 ; his mother is still living in Anamosa ; she was born Nov. 
 9, 1797, and is now 82 years of age, and is very active and well preserved. 
 
 E. II. HARVEY, contractor and builder, Anamosa ; is a native of Onon- 
 daga Co., N. Y., and was born Sept. 24, 1835 ; he grew up to manhood in that State, 
 and served an apprenticeship of three years, and learned the trade of carpenter and 
 joiner; on the 9t'h of January, 1858, he was united in marriage to Miss Lucy Clark, 
 from the city of Syracuse, N. Y. ; they came to Iowa, and located at Anamosa in 
 
FAIR VIEW TOWNSHIP. 559 
 
 March of the same year, 1858, and since then he has been engao;ed in contractin"- and 
 building. He has erected many of the best business blocks and residences in Anamosa, 
 and has taken a leading position as a builder ; he has held the office of Township 
 Trustee for many years, and also City Alderman. He is a member of the Order of 
 Odd Fellows, joined Anamosa Lodge, No. 40, in I860; he served as Deputy Grand 
 Master two terms ; he has served as Representative to the tjrand Lodge, and is elected 
 to serve at the next session ; he is also a member of McDaniel Encampment, and has 
 served as District Deputy Grand Patriarch, and is also a member of the Grand Encamp- 
 ment of the State. Mr. and Mrs. Harvey have three children — Hattie, Charlie. 
 Jennie ; they have lost one son, James E. 
 
 MARTIX HEI^lE Y, proprietor of stone quarries, Anamosa ; is a native of 
 Pennsylvania, and was born Feb. 24, 1817 ; he grew up to manhood in Union Co., and 
 learned the milling business ; he emigrated from Perry Co., Penn., and came to Iowa ; 
 arrived in Burlington May 3, 1846, when Iowa was yet a Territory ; he was engaged 
 in the milUng business for many years. In 1861, he was elected Sheriff of Des Moines 
 Co., and was re-elected in 1863, and held the office until Jan. 1, 1866 ; he was elected 
 Warden of the State Penitentiary at Fort Madison by the General Assembly, and held 
 that office from April 1, 1866, until April 1, 1872; he was elected one of the Com- 
 missioners to locate the Additional Penitentiary at Anamosa, and removed here in Mav, 
 1872 ; he afterward received the appointment of Warden, and served until April, 1876, 
 since then he has been operating stone quarries. Mr. Heisey has been married three 
 times ; his first wife was Elizabeth Jacobs, of Pennsylvania ; married in 1837; she died 
 in December, 1854, leaving three children, only two of whom survive — John W. and 
 Mary E. His second wife wuj; Susan Messick, of Ohio; she died Jan. 1, 1866, leav- 
 ing one son, Martin E. He married his present wife, Anna Hull, a native of England, 
 in 1867 ; they have two children — Grace Darliug and Vallie M. 
 
 AUGUSTrS HEITCHEN, dealer in hardware and house-furnishing 
 goods. Main street, Anamosa ; is a native of Breslau, Prussia, Germany, and was born 
 Oct. 24, 1829; he grew up to manhood, and learned his business there; he emigrated 
 to America in 1853, and came to Iowa the following year, and located in Anamosa in 
 1854. He worked at his trade for two years, and, in the fall of 1856, he engaged in 
 hardware, tinware and house-furnishing goods, and has continued in the business since 
 then, over twenty-three years, and has the oldest hardware business in Jones Co. He 
 was with the army over two years, during the war, but carried on his business during 
 that time. He has held the office of City Councilman, and has served on the School 
 Board. He is connected with the Fraternity of Odd Fellows, and is Treasurer of 
 Anamosa Lodge, No. 40, the oldest Lodge in the county. He is also a member of the 
 A. 0. U. W. He was united in marriage to Miss Margaret May, a native of Balti- 
 more, April 28, 1857 ; they have two children — Charles and Stella ; they have lost 
 one daughter, Marietta; she died March 25, 1879. 
 
 EI>WARD C. HOIiT, contractor and builder, Anamosa ; is a native of 
 Ireland, and was born Jan. 8, 1832 ; when only 3 years of age, his parents came to St. 
 John, New Brunswick ; he grew up to manhood there and served an apprenticeship, and 
 learned the trade of stonemason with Otis Small, of Bangor, Me.; in 1857, came to 
 Iowa, and, on the 30th of May, arrived inAnamosa, which was then only a small place ; 
 he began working at his trade, and afterward engaged in contracting and building;, 
 he has erected many of the best buildings here; in 1867, he built the brick block and 
 Opera House on the corner of Main and Garnavillo streets, which he still owns, with 
 other city property. He has held town and school offices, and is now serving as Chair- 
 man of the Democratic Central Committee. In August, 1861, he was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Mary A. T. Sales, daughter of Dr. Sales, one of the early settlers of Iowa. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Holt have six children — Tirzah C, Josephine A., Harry J., Eddie S., 
 Clara and Nellie. 
 
 J. HOLT, contractor and builder, Anamosa ; is a native of Ireland ; when 9 
 years of age, he came to Canada, and was brought up and learned his trade there ; he 
 came to Iowa in 1858, and located in Anamosa, and since then has been engaged in 
 
560 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 building and contracting. He married Maggie Dellahunt, from Galena, Jo Daviess Co., 
 111. They attend the Catholic Church. 
 
 MRS. IVANCY HUCrGIXS (-whose maiden name was Nancy Brundage), 
 is a native of Saratoga Co., N. Y., and was born only three miles from Saratoga 
 Springs Nov. 14, 1797 ; she grew up to womanhood in that State, and, in 1830, she was 
 united in marriage to Amasa Harvey, a native of Connecticut ; in May, 18-17, they started 
 West, coming by wagon, and wei'e about five weeks on the way ; one of her daughters 
 was sick, and her child broke its leg on the way, and Mrs. Huggins had her hands full 
 day and night in taking care of them at such a great disadvantage while traveling; they 
 arrived here in June, and went into a log shanty covered with bark, prepared for them by 
 Dr. Matson ; when it rained hard, the water came through the roof of their cabin, and 
 they were obliged to hoist their umbrellas until the rain was over ; it is mo/e amusing now 
 to hear Mrs. Huggins speak of their early trials than it was then to go through them; they 
 bought land of a squatter, the place where her son Edwin now lives, and began making 
 a farm ; when they came West, they could not bring all their things in the wagons, and 
 shipped the best of them, and did not get them for nine months, and had to go with an 
 ox team to Chicago after them. Mr. Harvey was successfully engaged in farming until 
 his death, which occurred March 28, 1865 ; he left quite a large estate. They had six 
 children, four of whom are living — Sarah Jane (now Mrs. Mead), Lydia P. (now Mrs. 
 Graham), Edwin (living on the home place), Lucetta (now Mrs. Stephens), all living in 
 this county except Mrs. Graham, who lives in Woodbury Co. ; their son, Ira E., was in 
 the army, and was killed in the last battle of the war. On the 15th of August, 1876, 
 Mrs. Harvey was united in marriage to her present husband, William Huggins ; he was 
 born in Oneida Co., N. Y., Oct. 7, 1790 ; in the war of 1812, he was drafted, but was 
 away only a short time; was discharged Oct. 80, 1814. On the lOth of March, 1814, 
 he married Miss Alice Ransford, a native of Berkshire Co.. Mass. ; they came to Iowa 
 in 1864; after living together sixty-one years, his wife died Feb. 26, 1875, leaving eight 
 children, one living here, two in New York State, and five living in Oregon. There are 
 very few persons of the age of Mr. and Mrs. Huggins who are as active and as well pre- 
 served and enjoy life as they are doing. Mrs. Huggins is one of the lawful heirs to the 
 Trinitv Church property. New York City. 
 
 WIIiLIA:!! O. JACKKLi.S, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. O. Anamosa ; born 
 May 2, 1841, in Lower Canada ; in 1861, he came to Jones Co. Owns ninety-six acres 
 of land. Married Miss R. A. Graves; she was born in New York Aug. 30, 1847; 
 died June 25, 1878; have one child — Mina ; second marriage to Miss Eva Brown May 
 11, 1879 ; she was born in Fairview Town.ship. Enlisted in 1862 in Co. F, 74th 111. V. 
 I. ; was wounded at the battle of Stone River in December, 1862. Republican. 
 
 DR. CLAKIC JOSLiIX, physician and surgeon, Anamosa ; is a native of 
 Bricksville, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, and was born April 2, 1816; his father, John G. 
 Joshn, was a native of New York State, and he served in the war of 1812 under Gen. 
 William H. Hai-rison, and drew his land warrant for 160 acres of land; after peace was 
 declared, he came to Ohio and located sixteen miles south of Cleveland, at Bricksville, 
 and engaged in farming; in the flill of 1827, he removed to Michigan, and remained in 
 that State until the summer of 1837, when he sold his farm and emigrated to Iowa, and 
 located in Jones Co. ; he bought a large quantity of prairie and limber lands ; the fol- 
 lowing year he returned to Michigan, and brought his family by wagon to Iowa; they 
 were about four weeks on the way, and arrived in Jones Co. Sept. 22, 1838 ; they 
 located permanently about four miles southwest of Anamosa, in Fairview Township; he 
 was one of the first to settle in this township ; he and his sons helped to raise the first 
 saw-mill in Jones Co., and he was a member of the first grand jury that sat in Jones 
 Co., and he served as foreman; he died Aug. 25, 1868; his son. Dr. Clark Joslin, 
 received his education in Ohio and Michigan, and when 16 years of age, gave his atten- 
 tion to the study of medicine; he continued the study of medicine for three years under 
 Dr. H. Wright and Dr. Moses Rider, and commenced the practice of medicine in 
 Michigan ; he came to Iowa with his father's family, and arrived in Jones Co. Sept. 22, 
 1838, and engaged in the practice of medicine at Fairview ; he was the first regular 
 
FAIRVIKW TOWNSHIP. 561 
 
 medical practitioner in Jones Co. ; after several j^ears he removed to Anamosa, and has 
 had an office here ever since the town was laid out, and has practiced medicine in this 
 county over forty-one years ; his practice used to extend sixty miles, and many times he 
 came near freezing to death. Dr. Joslin was elected the first County Recorder of Jones 
 Co. ; he is a member of Jones County Medical Society. Dr. Joslin has been twice 
 married. On the 25th of April, 1837, he married M. L. Wolcott, of Michigan; she 
 died, leaving one daughter — Mary L., who married C. H. Bingham, now living here; 
 on the 20th of January, 18-12, Dr. Joslin married Elizabeth Hale, a native of Delaware 
 Co., N. Y. ; they had five children; three survive — William C, born Dec. 25, 1842; 
 James (now a practicing physician here), born Jan. 1, 1848; Mary Ann I., July 
 20, 1845 (now Mrs. David Ellis). 
 
 HIRAH JOSL.IN, farmer, Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Anamosa; born June 24, 1823, 
 in Cuyahoga Co., Ohio; when a child, became with his parents to Michigan ; in August, 
 1S37, he came to Jones Co., Iowa ; there were but two other families in the county at 
 that time, viz., Clement Russell and David Mann ; he, with his father, entered about 
 twenty-two hundred acres of land ; he now owns about five hundred and forty acres. 
 Married Sarah J. Hale in 1843 ; she was born in Delaware Co., N. Y., in 1826 ; they 
 have four children — James L., Emily J., Laura E. and Sarah F. Democrat. 
 
 THURSTON JOSL.IN, farmer, Sec. 28; P. 0- Anamosa; born Oct. 15, 
 1828, in Washtenaw Co., Mich.; in 1837, he came to Jones Co., Iowa, with his father, 
 and now lives on the old homestead formerly occupied by his father ; he owns 477 
 acres of land. Married Polly Worden in 1867 ; she was born in New York ; have 
 four children — Lewis G., Rosetta B., George R. and Hannah C. Republican. 
 
 P. KEEFFE, retired, Anamosa; is a native of Ireland, and was born in- 
 May, 1832; he grew up to manhood there, and emigrated to America in 1852; he 
 came to Dubuque in 1852, and engaged in surveying and engineering, acting as assist- 
 ant engineer to James Potter ; he went to Minnesota, and engaged in contracting on 
 the Minneapolis & Cedar Valley Railroad ; he was engaged in engineering on the Illi- 
 nois Central Railroad in this State, and has been largely and successfully engaged 
 in contracting and building railroads in Iowa, Nebraska and Minnesota; when Mr. 
 Keeife landed in this country, he only had £10, and his success in life is owing to his 
 own efforts. In June, 1860, he was united in marriage to Miss Marietta Chaplin, 
 daughter of B. Chaplin, one of the earliest settlers of Jones Co. 
 
 "EZRA KEELER, attorney at law, Anamosa; is a native of Macomb Co., 
 Mich.; he grew up and attended the common schools there, and then entered the State 
 Normal School, where he remained for three years, and entered the Law Department of 
 the State University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and graduated in the spring of 1866, 
 lie was appointed Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue. He came to Iowa and 
 located in Auamosa in 1867, and since then he has practiced his profession here. Dur- 
 ing the war, he enlisted in Co. B, 22d Mich. V. I.; after serving a short time in this regi- 
 ment, he was transferred to the Signal Corps ; he remained in the service for three 
 years. On the 25th day of December, 1872, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary 
 Graham, of Dubuque ; they have two children — Clarence and Lome. 
 
 DAVID H. KELIjY^, barber, Anamosa; was born in Linn Co., Iowa, 
 Feb. 19, 1845 ; when 10 years of age, he came to Jones Co.; he grew up and received 
 his education here. He was in the army — enlisted and served in Co. L, 7th I. V. C, 
 under Gen. Sully. In 1866, he engaged in his present business; he had nothing 
 when he commenced ; by industry and attention to his business, he now owns the build- 
 ing he occupies ; also owns a good home. He married Miss Emma Day, from Mount 
 Vernon, Linn Co., Iowa, Oct. 3, 1870 ; they have two children — Eva and Jessie. Mr. 
 Kelly's father, Samuel Kelly, came to [owa in 1838, and was one of the earliest set- 
 tlers ; he died April 30, 1879 ; his widow is still living. 
 
 COL. M. C KEIJIPSE Y, wholesale and retail dealer in millinery and notions, 
 Main street, Anamosa; is a native of Ireland, and was born April 8, 1832; when 15 
 years of age (in 1847), he emigrated to America ; when 18 years of age, he was fore- 
 man of a large tannery at Montrose, Penn. He was brought up a Roman Catholic. 
 
562 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 and was educated and intended for the priesthood ; while living in Montrose, Penn., he 
 experienced religion and became converted in 1851 ; he entered Madison University, at 
 Hamilton, N. Y., and remained there eight years; after completing a full college and 
 theological course of study, he became Pastor of a Baptist Church in Jersey City ; 
 upon the breaking-out of the rebellion, he was Pastor of a Baptist Church in Brooklyn ; 
 after the battle of Bull Run, he aided in recruiting and organizing the 176th N. Y. V. I., 
 and was commissioned Captain of Co. A.; he went with Gen. Banks' expedition to New 
 Orleans; in lHi]?>, he was promoted and commissioned Colonel, and organized the col- 
 ored troops at New Orleans. After the war, he had charge of the educational interests 
 of the freedmen ; in 1865, he went to Alabama, with two other Union oificers, and 
 purchased a plantation, and he was ihe first to introduce free labor and free 
 schools in Alabama ; he was driven out of that State, and his property burnt 
 and destroyed ; in 1866, he came to Iowa and located at Independence, and 
 remained there until 1868, when he came to Anamosa as Pastor of the Baptist 
 Church here ; after a successful ministry of two years, he went to Monticello ; 
 from there, he went to Illinois, and was Pastor of the Baptist Church at Batavia ; 
 in 1872, he became broken down in health, resulting from catarrh contracted in 
 the army; he was then appointed Secretary of the Challenge Mill Co., at Batavia; 
 he was afterward appointed General Agent of the Continental Life Insurance Co.. 
 for Western Iowa ajftd- Nebraska ; declining this appointment, he came to Anamosa, 
 and, since then, h<^gipk{ni successfully engaged in business here. In 1867, he was united 
 in marriage to Mre/jlj^el Gillette, formerly Miss Mabel Young, from Buchanan Co., 
 Iowa ; they have -had/one daughter, Lena, who died when 6 years of age. 
 
 j. C. KlMBAlilj, pruprietor of Kimball's Machine-shop, Anamosa; is a 
 native of Grafton Co., N. H.; he grew up to manhood there, and learned his trade 
 there; he went to Lowell, Mass., and was connected with the machine-shops there, in 
 the same works with Ben Butler, who was a mechanic there at that time; in 1859, 
 Mr. Kimball was among the first that went to the oil regions in Pennsylvania, and 
 remained there until 1865, when he came West, to Iowa, on account of his health ; 
 he located in Anamosa ; he was some years in regaining his health ; he is engaged in 
 the machinist business ; has the only machine-shops in Anamosa. He married Miss 
 Lucy D. Field, a native of Northfield, Vt., March 4, 1848; they have three children 
 — Willis, Charlie and (Uemmie. 
 
 DAVID KINERT, proprietor of the Kinert House, corner of Main and 
 Booth streets, Anamosa ; is a native of Perry Co., Penn., and was born Dec. 3, 1817 ; 
 he grew up there until 17 years of age, when his parents removed to Ohio, where he 
 lived for eight years and then removed to Indiana, and lived in that State ten years, 
 and came to Iowa in 1852, and, in the spring of 1853, came to Jones Co. and located 
 in Anamosa; he bought a stock of goods and engaged in mercantile business; in 1855, 
 he was elected Representative to the State Legislature ; in 1856, he sold out his stock 
 of goods ; he served part of a term as Clerk of the Courts ; in 1861, he was elected 
 Sheriif of Jones Co., and was twice re-elected and held the office for six years. In 
 August, 1858, he married Miss A. C. Cunningham, a native of York Co., Penn ; they 
 have three children — S. Alonzo. Carrie, Frank. 
 
 THOMAS KIXNEY, farmer. Sec. 1; P. 0. Anamosa; was born in 
 County Galway, Ireland, in 1823; he grew up to manhood there, and emigrated to 
 America in 1854; he went to Charleston, S. C, and lived there fifteen years, and came 
 to Jones Co., Iowa, May 4, 1869, and located in Anamosa; in 1875, he engaged in 
 farming. He has been twice married ; his last wife, Bridget Dorsey, a native of Ire- 
 hind, died Feb. 4, 1879, leaving three children — John, 23 _v ears of age ; Luke, 22 
 years of age; Mary Ann, 17 years of age. When INIr. Kinney came here, he had 
 only $10 ; he now owns a farm of forty acres and a hou.se and lot in Anamosa. 
 
 JOSEPH F. KUHLMAN, manufacturer of cigars, Anamosa; was born 
 in Hanover, Germany, Feb. 3, 1830; when 16 years of age, he emigrated to America, 
 and learned his trade in Boston ; he came to Iowa in 1857, lived two years in Dubuque, 
 and came to Jones Co. in 1859, and engaged in cabinet-making, and since then has 
 
FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 563 
 
 lived here. He married Gertrude Kutzman, from Germauy ; they have eleven chil- 
 dren, four sons and seven dau^rhters. 
 
 SAMrEIi LAWRENCE, former ; P. O. Anamosa ; is a native of Mass- 
 achusetts, and was born in Gi-oton, Middlesex Co.; he grew up and received his educa- 
 tion in Massachusetts, and when 18 years of age, he came West to Jo Daviess Co., 111., 
 and taught school in Galena ; he came to Iowa in 1852, and, after spending a few 
 months in Dubuque and the mining regions, came to Jones Co. He was appointed 
 Recorder of Deeds ; he was appointed Deputy Sheriff under Frank' Hicks and was 
 Acting Sheriff during his official term ; he was afterward elected Sheriff of Jones Co. 
 and served two years, and was again re-elected for a second term ; he has also held 
 school offices. Mr. Lawrence has been engaged in farming and owns 265 acres of 
 land. During the war, he enlisted but did not go in the field. 
 
 HENRY liEHUlKUIlL, salesman in store, Anamosa; is a native of 
 Germany, and was born Jan. 16, 1836; he emigrated to America in 1857, and came 
 West to Iowa in 1859, and, in 1860, came to Anamosa ; he was engaged in mercantile 
 business for a number of years, and built up a large trade. He is a member of the 
 Order of I. 0. 0. F., and is connected with the Lodge here. He has served in the City 
 Council. He married Mary L. Ehrlich, a native of Germany, Aug. 8, 1872 ; she has 
 established a greenhouse and is cultivating flowers and plants ; they own their house 
 and block of ground where they live. 
 
 JAMES lilSTER, foreman in charge of the building of the State Peni- 
 tentiary at Anamosa ; is a native of Scotland, and was born Jan. 5, 1832 ; he grew up 
 to manhood and learned his business there ; he emigrated to America in 1854, and 
 came to Dunleith, 111. ; he came to Iowa in 1856, and engaged in farming for four and 
 a half years, then removed to Dubuque. When the war bruke out, he enlisted in the 
 first call for troops in the 3d I. V. I. ; as the quota was full, the regiment did not go in 
 the field. He was in the Government service in building bridges and furnaces ; after 
 the war, in April, 1866, he came to Jones Co. ; he was engaged in business in Cedar 
 Rapids several years ; he was appointed foreman in charge of the erection of the new 
 State Penitentiary at Anamosa when the building was first commenced; since then he 
 has occupied that position. He was elected one of the members of the School Board, 
 and is now serving his second term. He owns a farm of 105 acres, west of the city, 
 where his family reside. In 1864, he married Miss Jane Perry, in Dubuque; she is a 
 native of England ; they have five children — Jane, Thomas, George, Arthur and 
 James. 
 
 C H. LXJfiL, dealer in dry goods and groceries, Main street, Anamosa; is a 
 native of Windsor Co., Vt., and was born Feb. 24, 1830; he grew up and attended 
 school, and entered a printing office and learned the printing business ; after learning 
 his trade, he and A. J . Aikens, now of Milwaukee, published the old Vermont Gazette 
 at Bennington, Vt., the oldest paper published in the State; in the fall of 1851, Mr. 
 Lull came to Iowa, and located in Jones Co., and engaged in the mercantile business at 
 Olin ; he bought goods East and had them shipped by river by New Orleans to 
 Dubuque, and carted them by wagon from there : he continued in business at Olin until 
 1865, then came to Anamosa, and since then has been engaged in business here; there 
 is no merchant now in business here that was here when he came to this county. He 
 held the office of Postmaster for many years ; also served as Town Clerk and Town 
 Trustee ; he held the office of Commissioner of the State Penitentiary two years. He 
 was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Hicks, a native of Bennington Co., Vt., Dec. 
 18, 1854; they have five children — one son and four daughters. 
 
 D. McCARN, attorney and counselor at law, of the firm of Sheean & 
 McCarn, Anamosa; is a native of Newark, Wayne Co., N. Y., and was born April 11, 
 1832 ; he grew up to manhood and received his education in that State, and com- 
 menced reading law ; he completed his law studies and was admitted to the bar in 
 Rochester, N. Y., in March, 1855 ; in the fall of the same year, he came to Iowa, and 
 located in Tipton, Cedar Co., and remained there until 1857, when he came to Jones 
 Co , and located at Anamosa and engaged in the practice of law ; there is no attorney 
 
564 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 here now that was here when he came. He was elected Judge of Jones Co., and held 
 that office for five years, and has also held the office of Mayor of Anamosa and other 
 town and school offices. In 1853. he was united in marriage to Mii^s Mary A. Hop- 
 kins, from Newark, Wayne Co., N. Y. ; they have two children — Burtis D. and George 
 S., both attending school. 
 
 WILLIAM W. McCLEARY, farmer. Sec. 27; P. 0. Anamosa; born 
 March 14, 1837, in York Co., Penn. ; in 1866, he came to Jones Co. ; they own 120 
 acres of land. Married Mary A. Ernsbarger Dec. 13, 1866; she was born April 8, 
 1836, in Hancock Co., Ohio; died Dec. 23, 1878; have two children — Charlie E. and 
 Ada R. B. ; second marriage to Elizabeth Lindley May 22, 1879 ; she was born Dec. 
 30, 1857, in Jones Co., Iowa. Democrat. 
 
 REV. JAMES HcKEAlV, deceased, Anamosa. James McKean was 
 born near Pease's Mill on Ten-Mile Creek, Washington Co., Penn., on the 24th of Sep- 
 tember, 1795 ; his father's name was Hugh McKean, who was born in County 
 Antrim, Ireland, in 1753; the father of Hugh McKean died in 1763, at an advanced 
 age. The family came originally from Scotland, and were what is known as the 
 Scotch-Irish, settling in Ireland about the close of the sixteenth century, and were 
 originally Scotch Covenanters. James' youth was spent on a farm west of New W^il- 
 luington on the Pulaski road, one mile from the Chenango Creek. He joined the 
 army at the age of 19 years, in the war against Great Britain, at P^rie, Penn., and was 
 a member of Capt. Rea's company. Col. Christ}', Pennsylvania Militia : on his dis- 
 charge, he marched home, ninety miles ; the weather was cold and the snow was deep, 
 and in after life he was afflicted with bronchitis and weakness of the chest arising fi-om 
 disease contracted in his army career. The schools at that early day were few, and 
 classical education was difficult to obtain ; he worked by the job or by the month, and 
 in any way that was remunerative and honorable, to obtain funds ; he was one of the 
 men who, in the year 1818, helped to clear the ground where Wooster, Ohio, now 
 stands, receiving 815 per month for his services; for several years, he attended the 
 academy at Mercer, Penn., under the care of a teacher named Anderson, and went 
 over the whole college curriculum, but, owing to failure of health, was not able to finish 
 the course at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, where .several of his clas.'-mates gradu- 
 ated. Ffe was married to Nancy Smith, of Mercer Co., Penn.. in May, 1822. His 
 health failing from over-study while at school, he was not expected to live, and retired 
 to his farm in Neshannock Township, Lawrence Co., Penn., where his health was com- 
 paratively restored, and, after about nine years, having studied theology under the 
 charge of Rev. William Wood, Pastor of Neshannock Church, and for two years under 
 the care of Beaver Presbytery, he was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Beaver, 
 and, about the year 1834, was sent as a missionary to Ohio, where he settled as Pastor 
 of Waynesburg, Still Fork and Bethlehem (-hurches, at a salary of $400 per year, 
 which, at that early day, was all that they could pay; as the churches grew stronger 
 and his labors increased, he gave up Bethlehem and Still Fork by consent of the Pres- 
 bytery, at about the year 1845, and retained Waynesburg alone of the three original 
 churches, and, for nine years, preached at Waynesburg and New Harrisburg. until the 
 year 1856, when he removed to Scotch Grove, Jones Co., Iowa. At the time hQ 
 preached in Ohio, there was an organization of infidels, under the lead of one Permarr 
 and Zach Wathy, who were followers of Hume, Bolingbroke and Thomas Paine ; this 
 leader gave him an opportunity for a public discu.ssion, and the question was as to the 
 credibility of the religion of Christ ; he completely and forever demolished the society, 
 which n(;vcr met after for discussion. He lectured on temperance and slavery, and 
 persistently fought every foe of man and of the country. For years, during the winter 
 months, he preached in schoolliouses and private dwellings all over his county and 
 beyond ; nearly every church from the Ohio River west, in the Steubenville Presbytery, 
 was privileged to hear his faithful exhortations and pungent logic ; the disease of his 
 throat so increased upon him that, at the age of 60 years, he was compelled to give up 
 the pastorate in Ohio and remove to Iowa ; here, for several years, he preached one-half 
 of his time to the church of Wayne. He died on the 1st of September, 1876, at Scotch 
 
FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 565 
 
 Grove, Iowa, and was buried in the cemetery of the Presbyterian Church. He had 
 eight children, as follows : Jane McKean, who died and was buried at Bethlehem, 
 Ohio; Rev. James W. McKean, President of Lenox Collegiate Institute, and Captain 
 of Co. C, 44th I. V. I., who died at Memphis, Tenn., in the oiBcers' hospital, on the 
 9th of July, 3864; Dr. Hugh C. McKean, the beloved physician of Scotch Grove, 
 where his name and memory are still held sacred in the minds of many, to whose 
 health he had contributed ; he died in November, 1865 ; F. S. McKean, attorney at 
 law, Anamosa, Iowa, for many years Auditor of Carroll Co., Ohio, and County Treas- 
 urer of Jones Co., Iowa, who died on the 25:h of December, 1867 ; Francis C. 
 McKean, Captain of Co. D, of the 9th I. Veteran V. I., and attorney and counselor at 
 law, who died at Evans, Colo., on the 5th of May, 1874; Dr. Alexander McKean, 
 of Scotch Grove ; C. B. McKean, of Scotch Grove, and John McKean, of Anamosa, 
 Judge of the Circuit Court, Eighth Judicial Circuit. 
 
 HON. JOHN McKE AN, Judge of the Eighth Judicial Circuit, Anamosa ; 
 is a native of Lawrence Co., Penn., and was born on the 19th of July, 1835, his parents 
 being James and Nancy (Smith) McKean. Hugh McKean, the pioneer, and grandfather 
 of the subject of this sketch, came over at the close of the American Revolution. James 
 McKean was a soldier in the second war with England, and was stationed for some 
 time at Erie. Penn.; he studied at the Mercer Academy, became a Presbyterian minis- 
 ter and preached for nearly forty years, dying in Scotch Grove, Jones Co., Iowa, in 
 September, 1876. The wife of James McKean was also of Irish descent; she was a native 
 of Westmoreland Co., Penn., and a very pious and worthy woman, the mother of eight 
 children, of whom John was the fifth child. James McKean moved with his family to 
 Carroll Co., Ohio, when John was an infant, and the father having a farm, the son, 
 when arrived at suitable age, spent his summers in agricultural and his winters in intel- 
 lectual pursuits, attending a common school until 16, and then spending one year at 
 the new Hagerstown Academy, a little later ; he studied at New Richmond College, 
 Jefferson Co., for eight months. In October, 1854, John and an elder brother, James 
 W. McKean, came to Jones Co., Iowa, with a two-horse wagon, pitched their tent in 
 Scotch Grove Township ; camped in the woods on Sec. 8 in the winter and spring, and 
 during that period fenced forty acres of prairie land and built a small frame house, 
 nearly all of it with material of their own getting-out ; the remainder of the family 
 reached Scotch Grove the ensuing June ; the next winter, John taught a select school, 
 he having been similarly engaged two seasons before leaving Ohio ; in May 1856, James 
 and John returned to the East, entered Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, Penn., and gradu- 
 ated in August, 1859: in March of that year, John McLean was a Franklin debater, 
 and received the award of honor in a logical contest held that month, five learned men 
 acting as judges. On leaving college, Mr. McKean returned to Jones Co., Iowa, located 
 at Anamosa, the county seat, where he read law with S. T. Pierce, and was admitted to 
 practice in 1861, and has ever since been a member of the Jones Co. bar. During the 
 last ten or twelve years, he has spent no inconsiderable part of his time in the service 
 of the State ; he was a member of the Lower House of the General Assembly in 1866 
 and 1868, and was in the Senate in the regular sessions of 1870 and 1872 ; being 
 nominated for Circuit Judge in the summer of 1872, he resigned his seat in the Senate 
 and did not attend the adjourned session. While in the Lower House, he was Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Constitutional Ameudmenis, a very important committee in 
 that juncture of our national history, and, in the Senate, was always on the Committee 
 of Ways and Means and the Judiciary. While in the House, he introduced the bill, 
 which became a law, allowing town.ships, towns and cities to levy a 5-pcr-cent tax to aid 
 in constructing railroads. As a legislator, he showed himself an ardent friend to the 
 State University and the Agricultural College, and of educational matters generally. 
 He served for six years as Recent of the State University, and while in the Senate, he 
 originated the measure and secured the passage of a bill for a second Penitentiary, located 
 at Anamosa, Jones Co. Judge McKean took his seat on the bench in January, 1873 ; 
 was re-elected at the end of four years, and his present term will expire in January, 
 1881. He is one of the best equity lawyers in the State ; is noted for his honesty, and 
 
566 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 carries all the best traits of his character to the bench, being above bribery and cor- 
 ruption. He was a Democrat till the civil war burst upon the land, and shortly after- 
 ward, from a War Democrat, became an out-and-out Republican, to which party he 
 owes his repeated political honors. The Judge is a Freemason, a member of the 
 Commandery and an Odd Fellow. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, an 
 Elder in the same and a man of the purest Christian character. He was for some time 
 a Trustee of the Lenox Collegiate Institute, a Presbyterian school, located at Hopkin- 
 toD, Delaware Co., Iowa. The wife of Judge McKean was Mrs. Nancy A. Carr, of 
 Jones Co.; they were married on the 16th of November, 1865, and have six children. 
 
 JOHIK^ B. Mc'QX'EEX, Justice of the Peace, Anamosa ; is a native of Clark 
 Co., Ohio, and was born May 6, 1826 ; he was brought up there and in Indiana. He 
 came to Iowa in 1849, and located in Linn Co. in 1851, and lived there until 
 1864, when he came to Anamosa. He was in the army, and served in the Quarter- 
 master's Department ; there were six brothers of them, all in the army ; we doubt if 
 there is a family in the State that can show a similar record ; after his return from the 
 service, he has been engaged in the mercantile business, and has held the office of 
 Justice of the Peace. Mr. McQueen has been connected prominently with the fra- 
 ternity of Odd Fellows, and is a member of Stella Lodge, No. 223, and also of McDan- 
 iel Encampment, No. 32 ; he has been Representative to the Grand Encampment and 
 to the Grand Lodge for three years; D. D. G. P., and D. D. G. M.; he has instituted 
 three Lodges in Jones Co., the first one at Center Junction, No. 245, and Olin Lodge, 
 No. 340, and Clay Mills Lodge, No. 341, two consecutive numbers in one month; he 
 is also connected with the Masons, and is a member of Anamosa Lodge, No. 46, and 
 Mount Sinai Chapter, No. 66. He married Huldah L. Bissell, a native of Otsego Co., 
 N. Y., Feb. 19, 1854; she died March 4, 1868, leaving one son, VViHiam Edwin. 
 
 REV P. MAHER, Pastor of St. Patrick's Church, Anamosa; is a native of 
 Ireland, and was born in 1846; he grew up to manhood and received his education 
 there. In 1870, he emigrated to America, and in November of the same year, came 
 to Anamosa, and since then has been Pastor of the Church here. 
 
 B. Id. ^HATSOjV, of the firm of Matson & Shaw, dealers in groceries and pro- 
 visions, Shaw's Block. Main street, Anamosa ; is a native of Onondaga Co., N. Y., and 
 was born Jan. 13, 1834. When only 11 years of age, his parents started for the West; 
 they came by wagon, and were six weeks on the way, and arrived in Jones Co. Sept. 
 20, 1845, and located at Fairview ; he grew up to manhood, and has lived here over 
 thirty-four years ; he was engaged in the milling and mercantile business at Fremont ; 
 in 1861, he came to Anamosa and engaged in the lumber business for some years; he 
 afterward was engaged in mercantile business with J. W. Williams, the firm being 
 Williams & Matson ; he is now associated with Col. W. T. Shaw, in the grocery and 
 provision business, and they are doing a large and leading trade. He has served as 
 City Councilman and on the School Board. In 1860, he was united in marriage with 
 Miss Abbie Williams, of Newark, N. J.; she died Aug. 17, 1878, leaving five chil- 
 dren — Ellsworth, Georse, Mattie. Beniamiii and Eunice. 
 
 SYLVESTER G. .IIATSOX, physician, Anamosa; was born March 
 5, 1808, at Middletown, Rutland Co., Vermont, and was one of a family of eleven 
 children ; his mother died Feb. 1, 1825, after which his father was again married to a 
 Miss Huntington, by whom he had two children, and died Dec. 30, 1827, and left no 
 property. Young Sylvester early became attached to his books, and, not being able to 
 attend school but little, would have his lessons copied and carry them with him to com- 
 mit as he labored in the field ; he thus fitted himself for teaching, by which he secured 
 means to prosecute his professional studies. When in his 21st year, he read a short 
 time with Dr. Eliakim Paul, of Middletown, and then went to the Medical College of 
 the University of Vermont, at Burlington, where he found a valuable friend in Prof. 
 Benjamin Lincoln, with whom he studied, assisting him in the Anatomical and Surgical 
 Department until he graduated, in 1832. He then returned to Middletown, and in 
 February, 1833, was married to Mary Ann Hotchkiss, daughter of Dr. Hotchkiss, of 
 Wells ; thence he moved to Van Buren, near Syracuse, Onondaga Co., N. Y., and 
 
FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 567 
 
 practiced in company with Dr. A. White. He was frequently called upon to speak on 
 public occasions, and his addresses were always received with favor, securing from the 
 general public and the press the highest encomiums. Removing to Jones Co., Iowa 
 Territory, he was a member of the Convention that framed the first State Constitution, 
 and was also elected a member of the First and Second General Assemblies of the State, 
 and came within one vote of being elected Speaker of the House ; he took an active 
 part in school matters, was Chairman of the Committee on Schools, and assisted in 
 passing the bill that located the State University at Iowa City. His wife died in 1849 ; 
 by her he had four children, two of whom are living. He married again, and had two 
 children by his second wife, one of whom survives. His family is as follows : Benja- 
 min Lincoln, a merchant in Anamosa, Iowa, and a soldier in the Union army during 
 the rebellion ; Sarah Lefl&ngwell, who married Rev. S. N. Fellows, A. M., D. D., now 
 at the head of the Normal Department in the State University, at Iowa City ; Catha- 
 rine L. is a graduate of Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa, Class of 1875 ; she 
 married Prof. Goodyear, of the Danville Hygienic Institution, at Danville, Livingston 
 Co., N. Y.; she was invited to deliver the Master's oration at the Commenci ment exer- 
 cises at Cornell College, Mount Vernon, and acquitted herself with rare ability. 
 During the rebellion, Dr. Matson was active, and aided with his money and voice in 
 raising troops. The Doctor has been in the active practice of medicine, surgery and 
 dentistry for about forty-three years ; is temperate in all his habits, using neither tea, 
 cofi"ee, tobacco nor intoxicating drinks, and, although now being over 71 years of age, 
 is almost as spry and active as when in his prime. For a few years past, he has been 
 engaged in opening a stone quarry, which he selected about thirty years since, on the 
 Wapsipinicon, near Anamosa; the stone has been tested for more than twenty-five 
 years, and grows harder by exposure ; specimens have been worked which so nearly 
 resemble the finest marble that the best judges cannot tell the difference ; one of the 
 finest water-powers on the river he is utilizing for preparing stone and for milling purposes. 
 
 JOHX MATTHEWS, of the firm of John Matthews & Sons, proprietors of 
 the Buffalo Mills, Anamosa; is a native of Canada, and was born Aug. 22, 1809. He 
 grew up to manhood there and came to Iowa in 185-1, and located at Maquoketa, in 
 Jackson Co., lived there in that county a number of years ; in June, 1878, he came to 
 Jones Co., and bought the Buffalo Mills, just outside of Anamosa, at Fisherville. 
 Since buying the property, Mr. Matthews has made additional improvements, adding 
 improved machinery, making it, now entirely completed, the best mill in Jones Co.; 
 they do both custom and merchant work. Mr. Matthews has held the ofiices of Justice 
 of the Peace, Town Trustee, Postmaster and School Director. In 1835, he was united 
 in marriage to Miss Annie Spencer, a native of Canada, at the head of Lundy's Lane, 
 near the old battle-ground ; they have seven children — Amelia, Maria E., John S., 
 Edwin L., William H., Annie B. and Cyrus. 
 
 JOHX S. MATTHEWS, of the firm of J. Matthews & Son; was born 
 in Dundas, Canada West, July 16, 1847 ; when 7 years of age, he came with his 
 parents to Iowa, and he grew up to manhood in Jackson Co. ; he came to Jones Co. in 
 June, 1878, and, with his father, engaged in the milling business ; he is a practical miller, 
 and attends to the manufacturing department. He married Miss M. A. Jenkins, from 
 Jackson Co., Iowa, Nov. 10, 1875 ; they have two children — Roswell and Lillian. 
 
 AXCIL E. MARTIN, Warden of the State Penitentiary, Anamosa; is a 
 native of Newport, Herkimer Co., N. Y., and was born July 27, 1832 ; he grew up to 
 manhood there ; he came to Chicago and engaged in contracting ; he built the first 
 stone piers, and abutments on the Chicago River ; he remained there five years and 
 came to Iowa, locating in Delaware Co., and engaged in contracting and building. He 
 was elected Sheriff of Delaware Co., and held that oflfice for six years ; he held the 
 oflBce of Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue for ten years, and he has in his pos- 
 session his commission, signed by President Lincoln. In April, 1876, he was appointed 
 Warden of the State Penitentiary, at Anamosa. On the 12th of June, 1858, he was 
 united in marriage to Miss Anna McKenzie, from Chicago ; she is a native of Canada ; 
 they have four children — Marcella E., Ancil E., Jr., John B. and Reuben B. 
 
568 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 REV. ORVIIilvE W. MERRILL, deceased ; was a native of Oxford, 
 N. H.; durinpr his boyhood, his parents removed to Elgin, 111. ; he soon returned East, 
 and entered Kimball Union School and prepared for college, and entered Amherst 
 College ; after completing his college course, he entered the Theological Seminary 
 at East Windsor Hill ; he completed his theological studies and entered the ministry, 
 and became Pastor of the Congregational Church at East Corinth, Vt., where he 
 remained four years, and came to Iowa and was Pastor of the Church at Waterloo 
 for four years ; in the autumn of 1861, he went to New York, and on the 2Sth of 
 November, 1861, he was united in marriage to Miss Anna J. Couch, a native 
 of WestSeld, Chautauqua Co., N. Y.; in June, 1862, they came to Anamosa, he 
 being called to the pastorate of the Congregational Church ; he remained here 
 eight years ; he was appointed Superintendent of Home Missions for Nebraska, 
 by the Home Missionary Society of New York. He conducted that work until his 
 death, which occurred March 11, 1873; he left two children — one daughter, 
 Alice M., and one sou, Arthur C, both in school. During the year 1873, Mrs. Mer- 
 rill returned from Lincoln, Neb., to Anamosa, and since then has resided here; on the 
 1st of April, 1876, she was appointed Chaplain and Librarian of the State Penitentiary, 
 at Anamosa, having charge of the religious and moral instruction of the inmates, a 
 position she has filled with <rreat acceptability. 
 
 IVATHAXIEL ilERSHOX, farmer, Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Fairview ; born 
 Dec. 1, 1850, in Fairview Township, Jones Co. ; he now lives on and works his father's 
 farm, consisting of 162 acres of land. Married Miss Maggie Williams July 3, 1869; 
 she was born in Ohio ; have three children — Clarence, Eflae and Clyde. 
 
 X. S. MERSHOX, farmer. Sec. 35; P. O. Viroqua ; born Nov. 30, 1820, 
 in Fleming Co., Ky. ; in 1830, came to Ohio with his parents; in 1848, he came to 
 Jones Co., Iowa; he owns 317 i acre? of land. Married Mary A. Bancroft in 1844; 
 she was born in Ohio; have ten children — Henry R., Mar}' E., Joseph I., William, 
 Alice, Asel. Anna, Jennie, Charles and Leetie. During 1855 and 1856, was Postmaster 
 at Olin and engaged in merchandising; in 1857, he sold merchandise in Highland 
 Grove; sold out his stock in the fall of 1858; in the fall of 1860, he commenced 
 merchandising in Fairview and was Postmaster there till 1864; he then removed his 
 stock of goods to Highland Grove, and continued in the merchandise trade there and 
 at Olin till 1869, when he retired from the business, and has since been engaged in 
 farming. 
 
 HORACE C METCALF, banker, Anamosa; is a native of Jennings 
 Co., Ind., and was born May 29, 1821 ; he grew up to manhood there and came to 
 Iowa in 1841 and located in Linn Co.; in 1845, he came to Jones Co. and located in 
 Anamosa ; he was one of the early settlers and one of the oldest business men in Ana- 
 mosa ; he was engaged in the mercantile business for twenty years, and, in 1869, he 
 engaged in banking ; two years later, he organized the Fir^t Na*^ional Bank and was 
 elected its President and served in that position until January, 1879, when he discon- 
 tinued business under the national banking system and again engaged in private bank- 
 ing ; Mr. Metcalf is extensively engaged in the live stock, banking and grain business 
 in Nebraska; he has a bank at Central City, Neb., also a steam elevator and flouring- 
 mills there; he owns a large ranche of 1,000 acres. He was elected Sheriff of Jones 
 Cii. and held that office two years and has also held town and school offices. He was 
 united in marriage to Miss Maria J. HoUenbcck, from Paris, Jennings Co., Ind., Feb. 
 29, 1844; they have five children — Milo H., Alphonzo J. and Elwell, all in Nebraska; 
 Charles W., at home, and one daughter, Delia, attending school. 
 
 J. W. MILIjER, photograph artist, Anamosa; is a native of Fairfield Co., 
 Ohio, and was born July 1, 1841 ; when 3 years of age, in 1844, his parents came to 
 Iowa by wagon ; they were about six weeks on the way and arrived in Jones Co. in the 
 fall of 1844; they located in Rome Township; he grew up and attended the common 
 schools and completed his education at Lisbon, in Linn Co. ; he learned the trade of 
 watchmaking and jeweler and engaged in that business ; he also studied photography 
 here and in Dubuque ; he carried on the business together with the jewelry business 
 
FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 569 
 
 for some years ; on account of his health, he gave up the jewelry trade, and, for the 
 past seven years, has carried on photographing, and has the oldest gallery in Anamosa. 
 He held the office of Pcstmaster of Mechanicsville for four years. He married Miss 
 Emma G. Tyson, a native of Indiana, Oct. 8, 1865 ; they have one son — Virgil Clifford, 
 born Oct. 30, 1868. Mr. Miller's father and mother are still living in Rome Township 
 and are the oldest settlers now living there. 
 
 C H. MOIX^OEII, publisher of the Anamosa Journal, the organ of the 
 Democratic partv for Jones Co. 
 
 ERASTlTJJi MOREY, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Anamosa; was born in Wash- 
 ington Co., N. Y., Feb. 19, 1815; he grew up to manhood and lived there until 40 
 years of age; in the spring of 1855, he came West to Iowa and located in Jones Co., 
 where he now lives; he bought 120 acres for S5 per acre and engaged in farming; he 
 has lived on this farm twenty-four years ; he had nothing when he began life ; he has 
 sold wheat for 30 cents per jjushel and corn for 15 cents ; he now owns 280 acres of 
 good land, finely improved, all paid for; his success in life is owing to his own efforts 
 and good management. On the 2Gth of April, 1845, he married Miss Electa A. Carr, 
 a native of Washington Co., N. Y. ; she was raised in Vermont; they have five chil- 
 dren — Edwin S. (in this county), Austin H. (in this county), Eugene C. (lives in 
 Chicago), Albert A. (lives in Chicago), Adeline I. (at home). 
 
 JOHN MOREliAl^D, merchant dealer in groceries, Main street, Ana- 
 mosa; is a native of England and was born Nov. 19, 1842; his parents came to 
 America in 1848 ; he came to Linn Co., Iowa, in 1858. After the breaking-out of the 
 rebellion, he entered the army, enlisting in Co. F, 20th I. V. I.; he was wounded in 
 the siege of Fort Blakely, Ala. ; he was in the service three years. He came to Ana- 
 mosa in 1876, and was appointed one of the guards at the Penitentiary and served in 
 that position three years, then engaged in his present business. In 1862, he married 
 Miss Elizabeth Ross, a native of England ; they have five children — Eliza, Charles, 
 Mary, Ida and Lillie. 
 
 PHIIilP MOYER, farmer, Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born Dec. 19, 1808, 
 in Center Co., Penn.; he came to Stark Co., Ohio, when a boy, thence to Marion Co., 
 Ohio; in 1853, he came to Jones Co.; owns 130 acres land. Married Elizabeth Spade 
 in 1831 ; she was born in 1818 in Pennsylvania, died in 1866 ; have ten children — 
 Margaret, John, Albert, Levina, Eliza, Daniel, Harvey, Elizabeth, Samuel and Catharine. 
 Second marriage to Mary Bechtol in 1868; she was born in 1825 in Pennsylvania, 
 Samuel enlisted in 1863 and served till the end of the war. Democrat ; member of 
 the Lutheran Church. 
 
 SERVITUS NEEDHAM, of the firm of Needham & Burritt, livery and 
 boarding stable, Anamosa ; is a native of Addison Co., Vt., and was born Aug. 3, 1820. 
 He grew up to manhood, and lived in that State until 1855, when he came West to 
 Illinois; lived in La Salle Co. two years; then came to Whiteside Co., where he lived 
 seven years, and, in 1866, he came to Jones Co. and located in Anamosa, and estab- 
 lished his present business, and has continued it for thirteen years. Needham & Bur- 
 ritt are the oldest livery firm in Anamosa. Mr. Needham was united in marriage to 
 Miss Hannah M. Burritt, from Chittenden Co., Vt., Jun > 20, 1854; they have one 
 son — Oscar M.; now attending Beloit College. Mr. Needham has had the office of City 
 Councilman. 
 
 KEWTON S. NOBS^E, retired, Anamosa; is a native of Southwick, 
 Hampden Co., Mass., and was born March 6, 1831. He grew up to manhood in that 
 State. He was united in marriage Jan. 26, 1852, to Miss Sarah L. Pepper, a native 
 of Southwick, Hampden Co., Mass. In 1855, they came to Iowa and located at Ana- 
 mosa ; the following year, he was appointed Deputy Sheriff, and, in 1857, he was elected 
 Sheriff of Jones Co., and held that office between two and three years. He afterward 
 returned to Massachusetts, and gave his attention to raising' tobacco. He went South 
 and was engaged in contracting and building railroads in Tex;is. He returned to Ana- 
 mosa, and, for the past five years, he has been engaged in cultivating and rai.sing tobacco. 
 He was the first to introduce the culture of tobacco to any extent in this State, and he 
 
570 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 has fully demonstrated that it can be raised with success and profit. Following his 
 example, many others are giving attention to the same pursuit quite extensively. At 
 the County Convention recently held, Mr. Noble was chosen as candidate for Represent- 
 ative to the State Legislature. 
 
 A. B. OAKLEY, attorney at law, of the firm of Oakley & Jamison, Ana- 
 mosa; is a native of Fairfield Co., Conn., and was born Aug. 8, 1835. He grew up 
 and attended school there. When 20 years of age, he came to Illinois, and attended 
 school at Mount Morris. In the spring of 1861, he came to Cedar Co., Iowa, and 
 located at Mechanicsville, and engaged in teaching. He began reading law in Connect- 
 icut, and was admitted to the bar. In the spring of 1877, he came to Anamosa, and 
 a.<sociated with Mr. Jamison, and since then has practiced his profession here. He held 
 the office of Superintendent of Schools of Cedar Co. In April, 1858, he married Miss 
 Hannah Miller, from New York ; they have had three children ; only one son survives — 
 Raymond, born April 2, 1876. 
 
 AMBROSE PARSOXS, deceased ; was born in Knox Co., K}'., in 
 November, 1804. and, with his parents, moved to Monroe Co., Ind., when 11 years old. 
 After reaching manhood, April 4, 1829, he married Miss Susannah Beall, of Blooming- 
 ton, Ind. In the spring of 1836, they moved to Kane Co., 111. In the spring of 
 1838, he came to Iowa, and arrived in Jones Co., at Fairview, on the 9th of May. He 
 was one of the earliest settlers. Dubuque was only a small town, and was his nearest 
 market. The first time he went to mill after he settled here was to his old home in 
 Kane Co., 111. He went with an ox team, and was gone six weeks. He took up a 
 claim according to the laws of the neighborhood, and engaged in farming and stock- 
 raising. Upon the removal of the county seat from Edinburg, he was one of the Com- 
 missioners to make the new location. He continued to live in Fairview, where he first 
 settled, for thirty-five years, until his death, which occurred Feb. 14, 1873. He was a 
 man of great kindness of heart, socially and morally a good citizen, and noted for his 
 integrity, and no man's word went farther than his. His funeral was one of the largest 
 that ever took place in that neighborhood. He left a large estate, entirely unincum- 
 bered, which, by frugality and a life of industry, he had accumulated. Mr. and Mrs. 
 ParSons had twelve children, ten of whom are living. One of his sons was the first 
 person buried in the present Fairview Cemetery. Mrs. Parsons is still living on the old 
 home place, west of Fairview. 
 
 T. E. PATTERSO]^, County Treasurer, Anamosa; is a native of Fred- 
 ericktown, Ohio, and was born Nov. 30, 1840. When 13 years of age, he came to 
 Iowa, and lived in Cedar Co. until he came to Jones Co. in 1861. During the war, 
 he enlisted in Co. P], 1st I. V. C., and was in a number of battles and many fights and 
 skirmishes. After the war closed, he returned to Jones Co. In 1875, he was elected 
 County Treasurer, and was re-elected in 1877, and was again re-elected in 1879. He 
 has also held town and school offices. He married Miss Emma Gillette, a native of 
 Westfield, Mass., Oct. 14, 1861 ; they have three children — Nellie K., Louie and 
 Fordham. 
 
 F. E. PARSOBfS, carpenter and builder, Anamosa; is a native of Berk- 
 shire Co., Mass., and was born Jan. 7, 1848. He came to Iowa in 1864, and located 
 in Anamosa, and learned the trade of carpenter and joiner, and since then has been 
 engaged in building. In 1872, he married Miss Elizabeth Crombie, a native of Can- 
 ada ; she was brought up in Illinois ; they have two children — James and Charlotte. 
 
 ALBERT L. PEET, farmer, Sec. 31; P. 0. Martelle; born Sept. 14, 
 1847, in Jones Co., Iowa; he owns 325 acres of land. Married Miss Ella Zimmer- 
 man Sept. 12, 1875 ; she was born in Greenfield Township, Jones Co.; have two chil- 
 dren — Julius D. and Susanna. Democrat. 
 
 D. A. PEET, of the firm of D. A. Peet & Son, dealers in dry goods and 
 groceries, Main street, Anamosa ; is a native of Fulton Co., N. Y., and was born Dec. 
 26, 1830 ; he lived there until 16 years of age, when he came to Iowa with his parents; 
 they came by wagon and were five weeks on the road, and arrived in this county in 
 November, 1 846 ; they settled in Fairview, and were among the early settlers there. 
 
 d 
 
FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 571 
 
 When 18 years of age, Mr. Peet entered a store as clerk, and he has been connected 
 with the mercantile business in this county since then, over thirty years; when 
 he first began, he had nothing, and his success is owing to his own efforts. In the 
 spring of 1856, he was united in marriage to Miss Emily A. Grain, a native of Kala- 
 mazoo, Mich.; they have two children — one son, George S. (engaged in business with 
 his father), and one daughter, Emily A. 
 
 JAMES M. PEET, retired farmer; was born in Solon, Cortland Co., N. Y., 
 Sept. 1, 1821 ; was the son of Gideon Peet and Abigail Wildman, of same county, but orig- 
 inally from Connecticut ; his father was a good mechanic and a hard-working farme'r, 
 and the subject of this sketch was early trained to habits of industry, while toilin" 
 upon a rugged farm in Central New York. He was one of a family of nine children, 
 eight sons and a daughter, each of whom lived to become the head of a numerous fam- 
 ily. At the age of 19, he, with his parents and six brothers, came to Fairview Town- 
 ship, Jones Co., Iowa, and settled on 560 acres of land five miles southwest from Ana- 
 mosa, the county seat of Jones County. Mr. Peet now owns this land, which was 
 entered by his father, at the Land Office in Dubuque, in 1840 ; the father died in 
 1842, but the sons and mother continued to carry on the farm together until the death 
 of the mother, in 1847, when Mr. Peet bought out the other heirs and became sole 
 proprietor of the pioneer homestead. By subsequent acquirement, he is now owner of 
 about nine hundred acres, of which fully eight hundred are under good cultivation ; his 
 home farm has taken five first premiums as the best farm and as the best-managed farm 
 in the county. He was married June 5, 1845, to Miss Ann Dallas, at Red Oak 
 Grove, Cedar Co., Iowa ; she was the daughter of Ptobert Dallas and Isabel Couts, of 
 that place. Mr. Peet has had four children — William G.,born May 8, 1846 ; Lorenda 
 E., born Dec. 3, 1848, and died March 17, 1877; Robert M., born March 20, 1856, 
 and Orra D., born July 30, 1 864. His son, William G., was married Feb. 8, 1872, to 
 Miss Eliza E. Saum, daughter of George Saum, Walnut Grove, Jones Co., a wealthy 
 and prominent farmer. Robert M. was married Nov. 26 (Thanksgiving), L'^78, to 
 Miss Carrie B. Carbee, daughter of Capt. William Carbee, of Linn Co., Iowa, who was 
 killed during a charge at the head of a company in an attack on New Orleans in 1864. 
 Both these sons are prosperous farmers and successful stock-breeders in Jones Co. For 
 nearly forty years, Mr. Peet was a laborious, enterprising farmer, enthusiastic in raising 
 blooded stock, and judicious in the selection of his crops for profitable general farm- 
 ing. His improvements were first-class and his farm was attractive to all members of 
 his family ; his wife, after nearly thirty years of joint pilgrimage, went before to the 
 land of rest on the 22d of September, 1874. The oldest daughter, for years ^ an 
 invalid, followed the mother ere the leaves of three autumns had fallen. The farm 
 having lost its charm, he gave charge of it to his son Robert and moved to Anamosa, 
 where he purchased a home and now resides ; industry and economy, combined with 
 practical judgment and business capacity, have rendered him financially independent ; 
 he has retired from active service and is passing his later years in the serene enjoyment 
 of domestic life and ample competency. He was married to Miss Matilda Weaver, of 
 Anamosa, on the 5th of July, 1877. Mr. Peet is not a member of any church organ- 
 ization or secret society, neither is he closely bound to any political party — is a conserv- 
 ative Independent, has more faith in practices than professions. He is a public-spirited 
 and honorable citizen ; he enjoys recounting the experiences of pioneer life ; he laughs 
 at the memory of the beautiful coverlet of snow which sometimes fell upon his bed in 
 his airy chamber. He smilingly tells of social calls upon neighbors fifty miles distant; 
 tells with pride of the good crops raised on land tilled with the bungling plow having 
 a wooden molding-board ; tells cautiously of the " Vigilance " exploits with the out- 
 laws who were compelled to " hug a black-jack " and their curses were changed, by 
 stinging persuasions, to abject promises and piteous prayers ; tells of convicted crimi- 
 nals " reported " to have been run into the Mississippi and bound to logs, which they 
 were advised to keep '• right side up with care,^^ as they floated to the Gulf; tells of 
 grain 61 cents per bushel, of frozen feet, of threatened "'bear-hugs;" tells, with 
 enthusiasm, of the varied hopes and fears, trials and triumphs of the AA'estern pioneer. 
 
572 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 S. T. PIERCE, attorney at law, Anamosa ; is a native of Canton, St. Law- 
 rence Co., N. Y., and was born March 1, 1830 ; he grew up to manhood and received 
 his education in that State ; he studied law in the office of Hon. John L. Russell, and 
 was admitted to the bar in September, 1853; he came West to Iowa the same year, 
 and located in Anamosa and engaged in the practice of law. Shortly after he came, he 
 was elected District Attorney; in 1856, he was appointed District Attorney of 
 Dubuque County ; there is no attorney in practice in Jones Co. that was here when he 
 came, in 1853, and since then he has practiced his profession in this county and in the 
 north part of the State. Among those who have read law under him, five or six have 
 been elected Judges in the different courts. 
 
 li, 'S. PITCHER, Anamosa; buying and shipping horses; is a native of 
 Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. ; his parents came to Da Page Co., 111., when he was only six 
 years of age ; he grew up mostly there and in Kane Co., 111., and came to Iowa in 
 1856 and located in Jones Co., Cass Township; he was engaged in flxrming for some 
 years. In November, 1871, he came to Anamosa and engaged in the livery business 
 and continued two years, and since then has been engaged buying and shipping horses 
 East. While living in Cass Township, he spent five years in Colorado and on the 
 Pacific Coast ; at the Democratic Convention recently held to nominate county officers, 
 Mr. Pitcher received the nomination for Sheriff. He married Miss Lena Scroggs, 
 from Anamosa, March 30, 1865 ; they have three children — Allen, Samantha and 
 Irwin. 
 
 MATHEW PORTER, farmer, Sec. 29; P. 0. Fairview ; born Sept. 
 20, 1818, in Adams Co., Ohio; when a boy he came with his parents to Indiana, 
 and, in 1842, he came to Jones Co.; he has made all the improvements on his 
 present farm since coming to it.* Married Maria McFarlin Jan. 2, 1840; she 
 was born in October, 1820, in Virginia; have eleven children — Rachel Ann, now 
 Mrs. C. W. Breed; Minerva Jane, now Mrs. F. S. Dumont; John William; Mary, 
 now Mrs. S. H. Myers ; David ; KUemina, now Mrs. A. H. Sherman ; Charles 
 F., Francis Marion, Harry and Fred. Has been Township Trustee and School Direc- 
 tor ; Democrat. 
 
 WILIjIAM port, milk dairy business, Anamosa ; is a native of England ; 
 was born Sept. 16, 1833 ; he grew up to manhood and received his education there ; 
 he emigrated to America in 1852, and came to Iowa the same year and located in Jones 
 Co. ; he arrived in Anamosa in August, and was one of the early settlers here ; he 
 learned the milling business, taught school four years, and afterward engaged in farming 
 for eight years, and since then has been engaged in his present business; he owns his 
 stock and the place where he lives. On the 8th of October, 1857, he married Miss 
 Angeline Lockwood, a native of Indiana ; she came to Iowa when very young ; they 
 have five children — Frank W., William II., Rebecca A., Minnie B. and Glenn A. 
 
 F. H, PREXTICE, engineer of the Anamosa Water-Works, Anamosa ; 
 is a native of Onondaga Co., N. Y., and was born in 1811 ; he grew up to manhood 
 and lived in that State until 1850, then came West and lived in Illinois five years, and 
 in Wisconsin fifteen years; he came to Iowa in 1871, and located at Independence; in 
 1873. he came to Jones Co. and located at Anamosa ; he has occupied his present posi- 
 tion as engineer of the water-works since their completion in September, 1875 ; he hss 
 held town and school offices. He married Miss Catharine Tyler, a native of Canada, 
 in 1835 ; she died in April, 1872 ; they had five children, three of whom are living — 
 Tyler S., Engineer on the C. & N. W. R'y ; Theresa, now Mrs. Ives, living in 
 Buchanan Co. ; Elizabeth, now Mrs. Ross, living in Wisconsin. 
 
 CHARIiE^ O. RHODEBf, watchmaker and jeweler, and dealer in 
 watches, clocks, jewelry and silver ware, Anamosa ; is a native of Sweden, and was born 
 March 14, 1845; he grew up to manhood and learned the trade of watchmaker; he 
 emigrated to America in 1865, came to Chicago and lived there four years, and came to 
 Iowa in 1870, and located in Monticello and engaged in the jewelry business ; Mr. 
 Rhoden is a practical watchmaker, and thoroughly understands the making and repair- 
 ing of fine watches, and does the leading business here. He married Miss Lillian 
 
I 
 
FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 575 
 
 Sayles, from New York State, November 18, 1873 ; they have had three children ; onlv 
 one son survives, William O. 
 
 JOHW RHODEiS, merchant, dealer in groceries, Anamosa ; is a native of 
 Akron, Ohio, and was born Oct. 16, 1813; he grew up to manhood and lived there 
 until 1851, then went to South Bend, Ind. ; in 1856, he came to Webster City, Iowa; 
 he built the first brick store in that town, and remained there eleven years, then 
 removed to Belvidere, Boone Co., 111., and remained there eight years, and in 1875, 
 came to Jones Co. and located in Anamosa, and engaged in his present business ; Mr. 
 Rhodes has been engaged in mercantile business over thirty years ; he has held the 
 office of Postmaster and other town offices ; he owns a good farm and 230 acres finely 
 improved in Wayne Town.ship. He married Miss Rebecca Smith, a native of Akron, 
 Ohio ; they have had eight children, four of whom are living : E. Henry, in California ; 
 John E., in California; Ella, now Mrs. Roach, living in Chicago; Mary Eidora, at 
 home. Mr. Rhodes has one sister living in Oakland, Cal., and one living in Carson 
 City, and another living in Sacramento ; the latter married Judge Crocker, one of the 
 originators of the Central Paci6c Railroad. 
 
 JAMES RipiXtJS, farmer, Sec. 28; P. 0. Fairview ; born Oct. 2, 1826, 
 in Surrey Co., N. C. ; in 1831. came to Greene Co., 111. ; in 1851, he came to Jones 
 Co. ; owns 240 acres of land. Married Charlotte Sutherland in 1851 ; she was born in 
 British America in February, 1835 ; have nine children — Isabelle, Jane, Isaac, Thomas, 
 Leroy, Mary, Jessie, Carrie and Bessie E. Enlisted in 1861 in Co. D, 9th I. V. I., and 
 served about fourteen months ; was discharged on account of physical disability. Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 M. F. RICK, proprietor of Rick's Brewery, Anamosa ; was born in Oermany 
 Oct. 5, 1836 ; when 18 years of age, he emigrated to America in 185-1, lived one year 
 in Pennsylvania, and came to Wisconsin, where he lived eight years, and came to Iowa 
 in 1862, and located at Anamosa and engaged in the brewing business, and has carried 
 on the business since then. In 1874, he built his present brewery, which has a capacity 
 of making from fifty to sixty barrels per month. He married Theresa Grosbietch, a 
 native of Germany, in 1857 ; they have four children — Frank, Michael, William and 
 Mary. 
 
 Li. SCHOOjVOVER, Cashier of the banking-house of Shaw, Schoonover & 
 Co., Shaw's Block, Anamosa ; is a native of Bradford Co., Penn., and was born Dec. 
 12,1828 ; when quite small, his parents removed to Indiana, and he was brought up and 
 lived there and in Illinois until coming to Iowa in 1853 ; he located in Jones Co., and 
 engaged in farming ; upon the breaking-out of the rebellion, he was the first man from 
 Jones Co. to enlist in the three-year's service. He was in Co. G, 1st I. V. C, and was 
 in a number of battles ; he was in the service three and a half years ; after his return. 
 in 1865, he was elected Treasurer of Jones Co., and held that office for eight years; he 
 has been a member of the banking-house of Shaw, Schoonover & Co. since its organiza- 
 tion in 1873, and holds the position of Cashier. Mr. Schoonover was a member of the 
 first Board of Supervisors of Jones Co., and is a member of the present Board. He 
 was united in marriage to Miss Amelia J. Tanner, from Jefi'erson Co., N. Y., Nov. 5, 
 1867 ; they have had three children, none of whom are living. 
 
 •f . P. SCROGrGrS, feed and sale stable, buying and shipping horses, Ana- 
 mosa ; is a native of Greene Co., Ohio, and was born May 20, 1840; his parents came 
 to Jones Co., Iowa, in the spring of 1849, and located in Anamosa; they were early 
 settlers. He grew up to manhood here, and learned the trade of carpenter and joiner, 
 and was engaged in building for twelve yeavs, and is now engaged in buying and ship- 
 ping horses East. There are only several here now that were here when he came. He 
 married Miss Eliza Graves, a native of New York State, April 2, 1866 ; they have one 
 son — Charlie P., born June 4, 1867. Y 
 
 BEI^ J AMIN F. SHAW, Fish Commissioner'Tor the State of Iowa, Ana- 
 mosa. Benjamin Field Shaw is the son of Rufus Shaw, an architect and builder, and 
 Amy Medbury, and was born in Utica, N. Y., on the 12tli of February, 1830. His branch 
 of the Shaw family early settled in New England. Rufus Shaw moved with his family 
 
 O 
 
576 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 to New Berlin, Chenango Co., when Benjamin was 2 years old, and the son lived 
 with his grandparents several years, he losing his mother when he was 9 years old. 
 His education was limited to the common schools, though he acquired no inconsiderable 
 amount of knowledge outside the recitation-rooms, and has always been inclined to study. 
 At 17 years of age, he went to Canada, learning the blacksmith's and joiner's trades, 
 returning to the United States at the end of four years, and soon afterward starting 
 wagon-shops at Stillwell Prairie and Kingsbury, Ind., and continuing the business three 
 years. During this period, he acquired a knowledge of the Daguerrean business, and, 
 afterward, traveled awhile in Illinois and Wisconsin, also teaching music, vocal and 
 band, continuing at intervals for seventeen years. After traveling five years as an artist 
 and musician, he engaged in buying lumber and shipping it down the Wisconsin and 
 Mississippi Rivers. In 1858, Mr. Shaw came to Jones Co., Iowa, and, in October of 
 the next year, settled in Anamosa, which has since been his residence. He was County 
 Superintendent of Schools in 1859 and 1860 ; became proprietor of the Fisher House 
 in October, 1859, and remained in it between two and three years. About this period, 
 having part ownership in a quarry of superior stone, near the city of Anamosa, and, 
 thinking it would be a feasible point at which to locate a penitentiary, he. with others, 
 began to agitate the question of the location of such an institution at this place. He 
 began to build side-tracks from the Dubuque & Southwestern Railroad, put up a perpetual 
 lime-kiln, and commenced developing the quarry, and the penitentiary was located here. 
 In 1874-, Mr. Shaw was appointed one of the three Fish Commissioners of the State, an 
 office created at the session of the General Assembly, hold in January to March of that 
 year, and he still holds that office, he being the sole Commissioner since 187t). It was 
 a fortunate appointment, for no other man in the State of Iowa has taken so much inter- 
 est in fish culiure, or done so much to interest the people in tbe subject. He may be 
 called an enthusiast in the science, he having made it his careful study for years. Mr. 
 Shaw inherited in a large degree the mechanical talent of his father, and has recently 
 invented a fish-way that is of a superior quality. Michigan, which has probably paid 
 more attention to fish culture than any other State in the West, has recently, after 
 examining a dozen inventions of the kind, adopted his, and is introducing it into her 
 streams. Commissioner Shaw was a very useful man in Jones Co. before his services 
 were required by the State in the direction here indicated. He was a member of the 
 School Board of the city of Anamosa, and its President four or five years, rnd has held 
 other offices in the municipality. He is Master Workman of the Anamosa Lodge of 
 United Workmen. Mr. Shaw has uniformly affiliated with the Democratic party, but 
 of late years has given but little attention to politics. His wife was Miss Olive Burling- 
 ame, of Chenango Co., N. Y. Married on the 12th of May, 1851. They have had 
 four children, three of them yet livina-. 
 
 COL. WILLIAM T. SHAAV, Anamosa. William Tuckerman Shaw, 
 a native of Maine, was born in Steuben, Washington Co.. on the 22d of September, 
 1822; his parents were William Nicholas Shaw and Nancy D. (Stevens) Shaw; his 
 paternal grandfather was a distinguished officer in the Revolutionary army ; was aid-de- 
 camp to Gen. Knox; was promoted to the rank of Captain of artillery in 1780, and 
 served until the close of the war. Young Shaw was educated in the common schools of 
 his native town and the Wesleyan Seminary at Readfield, attending the latter institu- 
 tion two or three years ; at 19, he started for the West, spending one year in teaching 
 a private school in Greencastle, Ind.; he then went to Harrodsburg, Ky., and continued 
 teaching until the Mexican war broke out; in 18-18, Mr. Shaw strayed into Arkansas 
 and the Indian Territory, among the Cherokecs, Choctaws and other tribes, and, the 
 next year, found his way into California ; he remained there, digging in the mines, until 
 1851, when he returned as far eastward as xVnamosa, then little more than a four-cor- 
 ners, on the banks of the Wapsipinicon River; in 1852, he returned to the Golden 
 State again, by the overland route ; two years later, he returned to Anamosa and specu- 
 lated in real estate, being fortunate in many of his investments ; he built the Dubuque 
 & Southwestern Railroad from Farley to Anamosa, and was at work on this road when 
 the rebellion broke out; for the last ten or twelve years he has been engaged in banking, 
 
FA.IRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 577 
 
 real estate and the building of brick blocks in Anamosa, and railroads to help the 
 town ; the Iowa Midland road, running from Clinton to Anamosa, is the work of his 
 hands; he is of the banking firm of Shaw, Schoonover & Co. In 18-46, he enlisted as 
 private in the 2d Ky. V. I., and remained with it until the close of the Mexican war; 
 he was in the battle of Buena Vista, where both the Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel 
 were killed ; Mr. Shaw returned as a non-commissioned oflBcer. On the 24th of Octo- 
 ber, 1861, he was commissioned Colonel of the 14th I. V. I., and served the full three 
 years for which he enlisted ; his regiment was in the Second Brigade, Third Division, 
 Sixteenth Army Corps, and, after being fearfully cut up at Pittsburg Landing, it com- 
 posed, for a time, part of the " Iron Brigade," which consisted of the 8th, 12th and 
 14th Iowa and the 5Sth Illinois Regiments ; no better fighting regiment went from Iowa 
 than the 14th, and no braver, more daring ofllicer than Col. Shaw; for awhile, he 
 commanded the Third Division of the Sixteenth Army Corps, and when finally relieved 
 at the end of the three years, on the 29th of October, 1864, Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith 
 paid a high compliment to him for his " courage, patriotism and skill " during the 
 fifteen months that he had its command ; when about to leave the division which he 
 had so bravely commanded, the officers made him a present of a beautiful sword and 
 scabbard, as a token of their kindly regard, which he cherishes highly. The Shaws are 
 a patriotic family; a cousin of the Colonel, Robert G. Shaw, commanded the 1st Col- 
 ored Regiment, and was killed at Fort Wagner. Col. Shaw was elected to the State 
 Legislature, and, during the session in which he served, was one of the leading mem- 
 bers of that body. Col. Shaw has had three wives; in 1854, he married Miss Helen 
 A. Crane, of Jones Co; she had two children, and died in 1865; one child survives 
 her. His second wife was Rhetta Harmnn, who lived only one short jear. His pres- 
 ent wife was Mrs. Elizabeth Higby, of Kalamazoo Co., Mich. 
 
 •f. Tj, SHEKABf, attorney at law, of the firm of Sheean & McCarn, Ana- 
 mosa ; is a native of Boston, Mass., and was born June 3, 18B5; when very young, 
 his parents removed to Illinois and located in Jo Daviess Co., being among the first to 
 locate in that early settled county ; he grew up to manhood and received his education 
 there, and studied law in Dubuque, and was admitted to the bar in 1858 ; he came to 
 Jones Co. and located in Anamosa in 1861, and since then he has practiced his profes- 
 sion here. He has held school offices. On the 3d of July, 1862, he was united in 
 marriage to Miss Laura J. Rawlins, a native of Jo Daviess Co., 111., and a sister of 
 Maj. Gen. John A. Rawlins; they have six children, three sous and three daughters. 
 
 H. W. SICirWORTIf , physician and surgeon, Anamosa ; is a native of 
 Clarion Co., Penn., and was born Feb. 25, 1837 ; he grew up and attended school there, 
 and completed his literary course at the State University, Madison, Wis. ; he studied 
 medicine and graduated at Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1868; after graduating, 
 he came to Iowa and located in Linn Co., and engaged in the practice of medicine ; he 
 continued there fourteen years, and, in 1877, he came to Anamosa, and since then ha.s 
 practiced his profession here ; he holds the office of City Alderman, and has held town 
 and school offices. On the 18th of May, 1863, he was united in marriage to Miss 
 Phoebe Bowen, daughter of Hon. T. S. Bowen, of Green Co., Wis. ; they have five 
 children, four sons and one daughter. 
 
 H, P. SICw WORTH, physician and surgeon, Anamosa ; is a native of Clar- 
 ion Co., Penn., and was born Nov. 27, 1838 ; he grew up to manhood and received his 
 education there, and began reading medicine ; he entered the army and enlisted in the 
 155th Penn. V. I., and was commissioned First Lieutenant of Co. G ; he came to Linn 
 Co., Iowa, in 1863, and completed his medical studies and graduated at Rash Medical 
 College in 1866 ; he practiced medicine in Linn Co. until 1878, when he came to Ana- 
 mosa and associated with his brother in the practice of medicine; in 1878, he attended 
 Bellevue College Hospital, New York, and took the ad eundem degree. During the 
 present year — 1879 — he married Mrs. Maggie Trion, from Marion, Linn Co., Iowa; 
 he has one son — Miles P., by a former wife. 
 
 I>K. W3f. M. SKINXJER, physician, dealer in drugs, medicines, wall 
 paper, toilet and fancy articles, Anamosa; is a native of Onondaga Co., N. Y. ; was 
 
578 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 
 
 born April 11, 1825 ; he grew up to manhood and received his education in that State ; 
 he studied medicine in Fulton and graduated at Woodstock, Vt., in 1850. During 
 the same year, on the 15th of October, 1850, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary 
 A. Parker, a native of Oswego Co., N. Y. ; they came to Iowa and located in Anamosa 
 in November, 185G ; in spring of 1857, they went to Clear Lake and returned here 
 the following year; in 1859, they went to Colorado and agiin returnad here iii I860; 
 he served as Deputy Recorder for one year, and, in the fall of 1862, they engaged in 
 their present busiiess and have continued in it since then, and it is one of the oldest 
 business houses, without change, in Anamosa. Dr. Skinner is ably assisted in his busi- 
 ness by his wife, who has been in the store for fifteen yeai'S. Mrs. Skinner has entire 
 charge of some departments of their business, and has a large trade of her own, and is 
 justly popular with all. Dr. Skinner has held the office of President of the School 
 Board, City Alderman and others; they have one son — William B., born June 13, 
 1860; now studying medicine. 
 
 B. F. SHITH, brick manufacturer. Strawberry Hill, Anamosa ; is a native 
 of Grafton Co., N. H., and was born Feb. 8, 1830 ; he grew up to manhood there and 
 learned the business of brickmaking ; in 1853, he went to California, and was engaged 
 in brickmaking there for seven years, theu returned to Mew Hampshire ; in 1869, he 
 came to Iowa and located at Anamosa, and established his brick-works here ; since then 
 he has been engased in the manufacture of brick ; there are very few men in the bus- 
 iness who have the thorough practical knowledge of Mr. Smith, and the brick he man- 
 ufactures are of an excellent quality, superior to those manufactured elsewhere in this 
 part of the State ; he furnished the brick for the residence of Col. Shaw and also for 
 Shaw's Block and many of the largest buildings in Anamosa. Mr. Smith has been 
 twice married; his first wife was Clara Ferrin, a native of Grafton Co., N. H.; she died 
 in December, 1869, leaving three children — Edward F., Addie J. and Bertie F. In 
 March, 1874, he married Ellen Wheeler, a native of Grafton Co., N. H.; they have one 
 son — Clarence. 
 
 COIi. CHAS. F. SPRINGER, deceased; was a native of the State of 
 Indiana, and was born in Sullivan Co., Aug. 10, 1834; in 1848, he graduated with 
 honor at Asbury University, Greencastle, Ind.; he received the degree of Master of 
 Arts in 1861, and delivered the Masters' oration at the Commencement exercises; after 
 completing his collegiate course he came to Illinois and located at Edwardsville, and 
 entered the office of Judge Gillespie and commenced reading law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1859; he formed a copartnership in the practice of law with Hon. David 
 Gillespie ; after the Dreaking-out of the rebellion, he enlisted and was elected 1st Lieu- 
 tenant, Co. K, 140th 111. V. I.; his time having expired, he was mustered out; he returned 
 home and assisted in the enlistment and organization of the 150th Regiment; he' again 
 entered the service as Captain in that regiment on the 24th of February, 1865 ; he was 
 commissioned Lieutenant Colonel, and the following December was promoted and commis- 
 sioned Colonel, and commanded the regiment until he was mustered out of the service on 
 the 16th of January, 1866, after the close of the war. In 1868, he was chosen Presiden- 
 tial Elector for the 12th Congressional Dist. of the State; in 1869, he was elected to repre- 
 sent this Senatorial Dist. in the Constitutional Convention ; he was appointed a Delegate 
 by Gov. Palmer, to the Capital Convention which assembled in Cincinnati, in which body 
 he represented this Congressional District. In all public positions with which he was hon- 
 ored he discharged his duties with a degree of fidelity that was unsurpassed ; his adminis- 
 tration of public trusts won for him the unlimited confidence of his constituents. He 
 was a consistent and exemplary member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was 
 Superintendent of the Sabbath school for some years. He continued in the practice 
 of his profession, except during the intervals of time when he was engaged in the 
 discharge of public duties, until his death, which occurred Nov. 15, 1870. 
 
 Mrs. Col. Charles F. Springer, formerly Miss Adelaide Isbell, is a second daugh- 
 ter of Rev. Bishop and Olive P. Isbell. She recalls, among her earliest memories, 
 the Berkshire Hills of Massachusetts. Her education was early begun at home, 
 and, when only 6 years of age, she began the study of the French language ; at 
 
FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 579 
 
 the age of 14, she began the work of instruction, receiving $15 for three months' 
 service, and boarding around, sometimes walking live miles a day to reach the school; 
 at the age of 16, she received a diploma from the State Normal School of New York ; 
 through the kindness of Bishop and Mrs. Hamline. intimate friends of her parents, she 
 entered Oakland Female Seminary, and, by passing a satisfactory examination, she was 
 admitted to the second term of the Senior year in January, and received a diploma as Mis- 
 tress of English Literature the following August ; in September, she taught the Sophomore 
 Class in Hillsboro Female College, and continued the study of Greek, Latin and Music. 
 The young girl whose joy was unbounded at receiving $5 per month, is now offered $500 
 for ten months. A wedding might very properly occur right here to a graduate of Indi- 
 ana Asbury University, C. F. Springer by name. But the home in Iowa must be paid for, 
 and all are doing their utmost to accomplish that ; two years as Preceptress at Greencastle, 
 one year at Epworth ; three years, Principal at Marion ; two years as Preceptress, in the 
 Upper Iowa University, and the debt is canceled; another year in a private school and the 
 war is over ; and, on the 5th of December, 1866, the joyous nuptials of Col. Charles F. 
 Springer, (who joined the army as private, and returned at the head of his regiment) and 
 Miss Adelaide Isbell. are celebrated in the M. F. Church, Anamosa, Towa, her father per- 
 forming the marriage service. Removing to Edwardsville, 111., four years of perfect 
 blessedness were granted and a perfect home erected, in which they lived nearly two 
 years, when death, who spares neither friend nor foe, but always takes the best, tore 
 down this bright hearthstone and put out its altar fires. A year later, Mrs. Springer 
 accepted a position in the Northwestern University, at Evanston, 111. ; but the death 
 of her dear sister. Miss Eliza Isbell, and the failing health of her mother, rendered it 
 necessary for her to return to Iowa, and, in the fall of 1872, she accepted the offer of 
 the Board of Trustees of the Jones County Academy to become its Principal. The 
 school had been organized one year before, and has continued under its present form for 
 seven years ; and those desiring to fit themselves for teachers and anxious for improve- 
 ment, will find this institution very beneficial. Mrs. Springer has written considerable 
 for the press ; and her poem read before the Alumni of the Hillsboro Female College, June 
 7, 1877, was compared to Goldsmith's best efforts. Another poem, "lied. White and 
 Blue," read July 29, 1879, at the Temperance Jubilee at Clear Lake, was fully appre- 
 ciated by the large audience. Her literary efforts as missionary and temperance essays 
 or poems, have usually been prepared while busied with her home work, as she has kept 
 house for her parents, without kitchen help, for the past six years. She is not satisfied 
 with her literary work, and it would scarcely have been attempted but from her hus- 
 band's express desire to have her write. She was present as Delegate to the Woman's 
 International Temperance Convention in Philadelphia, and read an essay on temper- 
 ance, and also delivered a missionary address. As Recording Secretary of the W^oman's 
 Temperance Union of Iowa, she did good service, and though exceedingly conservative 
 in many of the plans of the day, she possesses a large measure of that charity which 
 does not intrude upon others' convictions. An extended tour in Europe, Asia and 
 x\frica has greatly increased her general information. 
 
 Rev. Bishop Isbell is the son of Isbell and Mary Smedley, both natives of Mas- 
 sachusetts. The father dying in 1813, the mother married Cyrus Stratton in 1816, 
 and came to Ellis, Hardin Co., towa, in 1858 ; she died December 13, 1865, at the 
 ripe age of nearly 87 years. Bishop Isbcll's early life was spent in Williamstown, Mass., 
 where^ at the age of 20, he became a member of the M. E. Church, and, a few years 
 later, joined the Troy Conference ; for twenty-five years he labored in this Conference, 
 which embraced parts of Massachusetts and Vermont. He never counted the sacrifices 
 made as worthy a thought, although when he left secular work he was receiving several 
 dollars a day, while the salary for young ministers was $100 per year, and, if married, 
 the same for his wife ; while as years passed on his usual salary was about $350, and 
 never over $500. He has always been regarded as a deep thinker, a close student, a 
 good linguist and a successful minister. Of his executive ability in a very important 
 Church trial in 1855, Bishop Hamline said of him that " he was one of the best bus- 
 iness men I have found in the whole Church." At his last appointment, Castleton, over 
 
580 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 one hundred were converted and added to the Church through his instrumentaUtj. His 
 health faiUng, he came to Iowa in May, 1858, and was followed by his family, wife and 
 their three daughters, the following July ; but he still retains his connection with the 
 Troy Conference ; since he came West, he has continued his work, often preaching twice 
 each Sabbath ; at one time, being Pastor of the M. E. Church at Anamosa, and for 
 several years past, has preached on alternate Sabbaths in Cass Township, some nine 
 miles from home. He has the esteem of the ministry and laymen in an especial degree. 
 Although now 70 years of age, his mental powers seem on the increase, keeping 
 up his knowledge of Greek and Latin, while his physical powers are in no way dimin- 
 ished. A poem falls from the point of his pen with no apparent eflforc. He is progres- 
 sive in liis ideas and keeps up with the current news of the day — occupying all his 
 leisure moments in reading and writing. Among his neighbors, he bears the enviable 
 reputation of an honest Christian man. 
 
 Mrs. Olive P. Martin (Mrs. Springer's mother), spent her girlhood days as a 
 teacher, in William.stown and North Adams, Mass.; and then shared for twenty-five 
 years, with her husband (Rev. Bishop Isbell), the care of three children, and entertain- 
 ing a constant round of guests, who regarded the minister's house a free hotel, did not 
 prevent deep interest and aid in all the social, benevolent and religious reforms of the 
 day, while these duties were supplemented by a teacher's task. Shortly after reaching 
 Anamosa, Iowa, in the summer of 1858, a commodious stone house was erected one mile 
 from town, to which a school building was added, and the Hazel Knoll Family Board- 
 ing School was established, and was continued fourteen years by the personal instruction 
 of Mrs. Isbell and her eldest daughter. Miss Eliza Isbell. The latter, a native of Mas- 
 sachusetts, was an artist of unusual talent, and the home contains many rare paintings, 
 the work of her skilled fingers, ere she passed to the better land, which occurred in 
 July, 1872. She also possessed her father's poetic gift from a child. She became a 
 Christian at G years of age. The mother was the queenly head of the school, the daugh- 
 ter the sunbeam. They also did their share for the soldiers during the civil war. and 
 in the diiferent church enterprises of the city. A large number of those who were 
 under their tuition are now filling honored places in the world. This mother, beautiful 
 in her physical presence and in her qualities of mind and heart, was permitted to linger 
 till April 25, 1879. To tell the struggles this noble woman made for intellectual cult- 
 ure and the inspiration for knowledge, or the sacrifices made by these parents to give 
 their children every opportunity for education, would fill a volume. Lacking years of 
 her " three score and ten," she seemed too young to die, when her work was so ripen- 
 ing under her baud. 
 
 The youngest daughter, Emily, now Mrs. Hon. J. M. King, is a native of St. 
 Albans, Vt., and was but a child when she came to Iowa, and yet had acquired quite a 
 good knowledge of instrumental music, as she began that branch of study at 9 years of 
 age. She aided in the Music Department of the Hazel Knoll School ; and for several 
 years has been considered a pianist of extraordinary abilit}-. She is quite a pleasing 
 writer of both poetry and prose, the latter of fictitious style with instructive moral. She 
 has been ex<ieedingly unfortunate in the accidental death of her betrothed (a graduate 
 of Allegan College, and only 28 years of age), by a fall from his horse, in Middle 
 Park, Colo., in July, 1874. Two years later (1876), she married a highly cultured 
 gentleman of Philadelphia, who lived but five days. Three years later, in March, 1879, 
 she was married, by her father, in the M. E. Church, to the Hon. J. M. King, of Cas- 
 cade, where she is now pleasantly located. She spent five years in Colorado. 
 
 JOHN S. ST AC \', attorney and counselor at law, Anamosa. Judge Stacy 
 was born on the VMh of May, 1833, at De Kalb, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.; his parents 
 were Pelatiali and Jerusha Tanner Stacy. The paternal ancestors were from Massachu- 
 setts, thence to Oswego, N. Y., and his grandfather was one of the first settlers in 
 De Kalb. His father served a short time in the war of 1812, at Ogdensburg. His 
 maternal ancestors were settlers in the vicinity of Cooperstown, N. Y., and the remains 
 of many of them rest in the cemetery in that town. In boyhood, John S. Stacy had 
 a great taste for reading, but was accustomed to the hard work of a farm, with only a 
 
FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 581 
 
 few months at school each year until he was 16, when he attended an academy at Gouv- 
 erneur, N. Y., there preparing- for college ; he attended one terra at Oberlin, Ohio ; 
 then entered the Sophomore Class of Union College, and graduated in 1857 ; it was 
 during President Nott's administration that Mr. Stacy was at Union College. He 
 taught school several terms, studying law at the same time and during vacations. 
 Immigrating westward, he spent a short time in teaching at Dover, Bureau Co., 111., 
 and, in the spring of 1858, located at Anamosa, Iowa ; he entered the law office of 
 Hon. E. Cutler, and was admitted to the bar in the autumn of the same year; he 
 accepted an invitation to become a partner of Mr. Cutler, and the law firm of Cutler & 
 Stacy commenced business on the 1st of January, 1859, which terminated in the 
 autumn of 1862, by Mr. Cutler entering the military service. In 1864, Mr. Stacy 
 engaged in banking, in connection with the practice of law, continuing until the autumn 
 of 1873, when the panic compelled him to surrender. He was actively engaged in the 
 building of the Iowa Midland Railroad, as attorney and Director. He was also Pres- 
 ident of the Iowa & Minnesota Railway Company, which had so far succeeded as to 
 secure the preliminary negotiations, in London, for a loan that would doubtless have 
 resulted in the success of the enterprise, but for the panic just alluded to, which put a 
 stop to a great many important enterprises. In 187-1, Mr. Stacy went to California, 
 and spent two months there ; he returned to that State again in 1875, and remained 
 nearly two years, practicing law with success in San Francisco. Mr. Stacy was elected 
 Judge of Jones Co., in 1861, and served one term. Judge Stacy has always beeo an 
 ardent and active Republican. He was a Delegate to the National Convention which 
 renominated Mr. Lincoln in 1864, and was one of his most hearty supporters. In 
 1858, while in Dover, 111., Judge Stacy united with the Congregational Church, and, 
 on settling in Iowa, transferred his membership to the Anamosa Church ; he is an 
 active Christian worker, and foremost in all philanthropic measures. On the 16th of 
 November. 1862, he married Miss Charlotte A. Kellogg, a daughter of Rev. E. W. 
 Kellogg, who, for forty years, was a Congregational minister in Vermont ; she is a lin- 
 eal descendant of William Bradford, second Governor of the Plymouth Colony ; is a 
 Woman of fine mental culture and exalted Christian character, a worthy representative 
 of the best Puritan stock ; she has three children, who feel daily the molding hand of 
 a Christian mother. 
 
 LEONARD X. STARKWEATHER, lime, Fairview; he was born 
 Aug. 8, 1814, in Herkimer Co., N. Y. ; in 1848, came to Pennsylvania; in 1850, to 
 Michigan; in 1851, he came to Jones Co., Iowa; in 1852, he started the first saleratus 
 Works in the State, and ran it about ten years ; he formerly kept a hotel in Fairview ; 
 in 1875, he commenced the lime business and still continues it. Married Polly Thomp- 
 son ; she was born in New York in 1824; have six children — Adelia, Lucy J., Char- 
 lotte A., Ann E., Mary A. and Ida L. Has been School Director about fifteen years, 
 and Justice of the Peace about eight years. Republican ; Baptist. 
 
 JOHN STEWART, manufacturer of fine creamery butter, Anamosa; is a 
 native of Mariette, Washington Co., Ohio, and was born July 15, 1836 ; he grew up to 
 manhood and received his education there. After the breaking-out of the rebellion, he 
 enlisted in Co. B, 39th Ohio V. I. ; he was in a number of battles, beside a great many 
 fights and skirmishes; in the battle of Corinth he was the third man in the rebel 
 works; was wounded in the assault on the rebel works at Rough's Mills, Ga., and was 
 in the service four years; in 1870, he came to Iowa and located in Manchester; in 
 April, 1872, he established the first creamery in the State of Iowa, and now is the pro- 
 prietor of six creameries; he came to Jones Co. and located at Anamosa in 1878; he 
 was awarded the first premium for butter at the St. Louis Fair in 1873 and 1874, and 
 the second, third and fourth premiums in 1875 ; he was awarded the first premium on 
 October butter and the first on November butter at the International Dairy Fair, New 
 York, in 1878 ; he was awarded the gold medal at the Centennial Exhibition, Philadel- 
 phia, in 1876, and was awarded the second prize at the Royal Agricultural Exhibition 
 in London, Eng., June 30, 1879, and the second premium at the St. Louis Fair in 
 1879 ; his butter commands the highest price in the E;i«tern and foreign markets; he 
 
582 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 is the largest butter manufacturer in the State. Mr. Stewart was united in marriage to 
 Miss Sarah F. Prescott, from Galena, 111., Sept. 22, 1869; they have had two children, 
 only one of whom is living — Newton P. 
 
 S. STRAl^SS, of the firm of S. Strauss & Brother, dealers in dry goods, 
 corner of Main and Garnavillo streets, Anamosa ; is a native of Baden, Germany, and 
 was born June 20, 1838 ; he grew up to manhood there, and emigrated to America in 
 1856 ; the following year, he came to Jones Co. and located at Fairview, and engaged in 
 the mercantile business ; he is one of the oldest merchants in the county, and does a 
 large and lendintr trade. 
 
 AI^FRED TRESTER, retired; P. 0. Anamosa; is a native of Dearborn 
 Co., Ind., and was born Feb. 4, 1820; he grew up to manhood and lived there until 
 1854, when he came West to Iowa and located in Johnson Co., and engaged in farming ; 
 the following year, he came to Jones Co. and located in Anamosa; in 1855, he engaged 
 in building, and continued in that business until within the past four years ; he has lived 
 here about twenty-five years. He married Miss Aldana Higbee, a native of New York 
 State, June 29, 1845 ; they have one son — David C. ; they lost two children in Indiana 
 and one since coming to Iowa; David C. was born in Indiana Nov. 7, 1846; 
 he came with his parents to Iowa, and grew up to manhood here ; he learned the 
 tinner's trade, and is now engaged in business. He married Miss Libbie Chesman, 
 from Dearborn Co., Ind., in July, 1875 ; they have one daughter — Mary. 
 
 MRS. LiUCY" A. TUCKER, dealer in millinery, di-fessmaking, cloaks 
 and furs, Main street, Anamosa ; is a native of Birmingham, Conn. ; her maiden name 
 was Lucy A. Gilbert ; she grcAV up to womanhood and lived there until coming to 
 Iowa; she has been successfully engaged in business in Anamosa since 1863, and is the 
 oldest house in her line of business in this city ; she is well known throughout the 
 county, and enjoys an enviable reputation for fair dealing, and has built up a large busi- 
 ness ; she owns the store she occupies, and other city property. She married Samuel 
 B. Tucker, from Connecticut; he died Sept. 25, 1878, leaving two children — Lewis E. 
 and Sarah N. ; both at home. 
 
 SAMUEIj tucker, bridge-builder and contractor, Anamosa ; is a native 
 of Norfolk Co., Mass., and was born ten miles south of Bo.ston Sept. 6, 1823 ; he grew 
 up to manhood and learned his trade there ; in 1846, he came West to Illinois, and 
 lived in Waukegan, Lake Co. ; he came to Iowa and located in Jones Co. in 1853, and 
 engaged in farming; in 1S57, he came to Anamosa and engaged in blacksmithing, and 
 continued until the building of the Midland 11. R., and since then he has been 
 engaged in contracting and bridge-building ; he has lived in Jones Co. over twenty-six 
 years. In March, 1845, he married Barbara Adams, from Massachusetts; she was a 
 native of Scotland; she died May 13, 1858, leaving four children — Maria H., living in 
 Black Hawk Co. ; Marion, living in Colorado ; John A., living in Colorado ; Olive, liv- 
 ing at home. On the 10th of October, 1864, Mr. Tucker married Maria H. Harring- 
 ton, from Oswego, N. Y. 
 
 JOHN I. VAIV NESS, blacksmith, Anamosa; is a native of Esses Co., 
 N. J., and was born March 12, 1828; he grew up there and learned his trade of iron- 
 ing carriages, in Newark. After reaching manhood, he married Miss Mary E. Tharp, 
 of Newark, N. J., March 22, 1849 ; they came to Iowa in the spring of 1864, and 
 located in Anamosa and engaged in his present business, and has continued it since then; 
 he is Foreman of the hose company in the Fire Department. Mr. and Mrs. Van Ness 
 have had ten children, six of whom survive — Charles A., Lizzie E., Ernest M., John 
 W., William 0. and Edgar C. 
 
 WILLIAM H. VALLANDINGHAM, fi^rmer, Sec. 4; P. 0. Ana- 
 mosa; born Aug. 4, 1848, in Putnam Co., Ind; when a boy, he came to Davis Co., 
 Iowa ; in 1871, he removed to Jones Co. ; he rented 100 acres of land ; he enlisted in 
 1861 in Co. C, 7th I. V. I., and was discharged in September, 1862, on account ot 
 wounds received at the battle of Shiloh, for which he receives a pension. Married 
 Mary Harrington in June, 1872 ; she was born in Indiana ; have four children — Nettie, 
 Maggie, James and William. Democrat. 
 
FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 58S 
 
 PATRICK WASm^C^TOX, insurance and farming, Strawberry Hill, 
 Anamosa ; is a native of Canada, and was born in 1843 ; when 8 years of age, he came 
 to Northboro, Mass., ami lived there four years, and came West to Illinois, and lived in 
 iMcHenry Co. four years, and then came to Iowa in 1861 and located in Jones Co., in 
 Cass Township, and engaged in farming ; he continued farming and stock-raising for 
 seventeen years, then moved in town. When Mr. Washington began life, he had uoth- 
 ing ; by industry and good management, he now owns two good farms, well improved. 
 During the war, he enlisted in the 15th I. V. I., Co. G, and was in the battles of Ben- 
 tonville, Atlanta, and many other fights and skirmishes ; he was slightly wounded at 
 Bentonville. He married Miss Mary Shannon, from Delaware Co., Iowa, in 1866; 
 they have had four children ; only two survive — Robert and Annie. 
 
 CiiEOR4^E WATTERS, of the firm of Waiters & Ferguson, dealers in 
 fresh and salted meats, Anamosa ; was born in Dubuque April 14, 1839 ; he grew up 
 to manhood there, and came to Jones Co. in 1861, and since then has been engaged in 
 his present business ; he is associated with his brother and Mr. Ferguson, and they are 
 doing a large business, and are extensively engaged in buying and shipping stock. Ho 
 married Miss Mary Preston, from Ohio, in 1863; they have one son — Albert. 
 
 JOHN WATTERS, senior member of the firm of Watters & Fergu- 
 son, dealers in fresh and salted meats, also dealers and shippers of live stock, Anamosa ; 
 is a native of Yorkshire, Eng., and was born Jan. 6, 1830; when only 3 years u? 
 age, his parents emigrated to America, and came to Iowa and located at Dubuque, and 
 he grew to manhood there; he came to Jones Co. and located in Anamosa June 7, 
 
 1860, and engaged in his present business; they are extensively engaged in buying and 
 shipping stock, doing the largest business that is done in this part of the county. In 
 1851, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Robinson, a native of England; she 
 died in 1872, leaving three children — Julia, Thomas and Anna. In October, 1874, he 
 was united in marriase to Miss Amy Robinson, a native of England. 
 
 B. H. WHITE, Clerk of the Circuit and District Courts, Anamosa ; is a 
 native of the town of Salem, Westchester Co., N. Y.; when 5 years of age, his parents 
 removed to Binghamton, where he grew up and received his education ; he studied 
 law and was admitted to the bar in 1861 ; after being admitted he came to Iowa and 
 located at Wyoming in this county. Upon the breaking-out of tho- rebellion, in August, 
 
 1861, he enlisted in Co. E. 5th I. V. C; he was in the battles of Franklin and Nash- 
 ville and many others; he was taken prisoner at Newnan, Ga., July 30, 1864, and 
 taken to Anderson ville, and was confined there till the night of Sept. 25, when he suc- 
 ceeded in making his escape ; he was promoted and commissioned First Lieutenant of 
 Co. H ; he was in the service four years and returned to Wyoming ; he afterward went 
 to California and remained three years ; he returned to Wyoming and practiced law 
 until 1874, when he was elected Clerk of the county, and was re-elected in 1876 and 
 again in 1878 ; he has also held held town and school offices. He was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Lottie O. Carhart, from Trempeleau, Wis., May 15, 1S72 ; they have three 
 sons — Thomas, Clifford and an infont son. 
 
 liUKE WE ATHERSON, farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. O. Fairview ; he was born 
 in Berwickshire, Scotland, in January, 1827 ; he came to New York City June 7, 1850 ; 
 in the fall, he came to Wisconsin ; in 1S52, came to Jackson Co., Iowa; in 1866, he 
 removed to his present farm ; he now owns 635 acres of land. He enlisted in 1862 in 
 Co. K, 26th I. V. I.; served to the end of the war. In 1854, he went to California; 
 returned in 1856. He married Miss Nancy D. Highiey in 1851 ; she was born in New 
 York ; she came with her parents to Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, when a child ; they have six 
 children — Isaac F., George A., James H., Andrew J., Fred E. and Nellie J. Repub- 
 lican ; Baptist. 
 
 HENRY D. WILIilAMS, manufacturing and selling open-ditching 
 machines, Anamosa; is a native of Belmont Co., Ohio, and was born Oct. 7, 1819 ; he 
 grew up to manhood in Ohio, and came to Iowa in June, 1857, and settled in Linn Co. 
 and engaged in farming; in 1862, he came to Jones Co. and engaged in farming; in 
 1871, he invented his ditching machine; he came to Anamosa and engaged in 
 
584 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 manufacturing and selling the machine, which works with great success, and can cut from 
 80 to 125 rods of ditching per day. Mr. Williams has held town and school offices. 
 He married Rachel Crew, a native of Belmont Co., Ohio, Oct. 5, 1843 ; they have ten 
 children, two sons — Francis R., Professor in Iowa City Commercial College, and Joseph, 
 Assistant in the same school, and eight daughters — Ann, Martha, Margaret, Edith, 
 Velina, Rebecca, Emeline, Almeda ; they lost two children — Mary and Thomas. 
 
 JAMES H. WILLIAMS, dealer in dry goods and groceries, corner of 
 Main and Ford .streets, Anamosa ; is a native of Newark, N. J., and was born in 1826 ; 
 he grew up to manhood there ; he afterward lived in Pennsylvania for six years ; then 
 came to Iowa and arrived here April 19, 1858, and engaged in farming; in December, 
 18Cl,he removed to Anamosa and engaged in mercantile business, the firm being 
 Alderman k Williams; in 1868, he closed out his business, and in the year following 
 he again engaged in business; in 1871, B. L. Matson became associated with him in 
 the business, and the firm was Williams & Matson until September, 1873; since April, 
 187-1, Mr. Williams has carried on the business. He hold the position of Chief 
 Engineer of the Fire Department ; he has held the office of Justice of the Peace and 
 other town and school offices. In 1850, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary A. 
 Alexander, from Newark, N. J.; they have four children — Alexander Gr., Samuel I., 
 Lizzie and James H., Jr. 
 
 HEXRY WURZBACKER, dealer in boots and shoes, corner of Main 
 and Ford streets, Anamosa; is a native of Germany, and wa.s born Nov. 18, 1833; 
 when 15 years of age, he emigrated to America, in 1848; he learned his trade in Balti- 
 more; then lived in Lancaster, Penn., for some years ; he came to Linn Co., Iowa, in 
 1858, and came to Jones Co. and located in Anamosa in 1860 ; engaged in the boot 
 and shoe business, and has the oldest boot and shoe store in town. He is a member of 
 the fraternity of Odd Fellows, and belongs to Lancaster Lodge, No. 67, Lancaster, Penn. 
 In December, 1863, he was united in marriage to Miss Jennie Brown, of Anamosa; 
 they have four children — Frank, Edward, Charles and Burt. 
 
 GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 J AMES ARMSTRONG, farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Martelle ; born April 13, 
 1841, in Cortland Co., N. Y. ; in 1852, came to Jones Co. with his parents. He owns 
 162^ acres of land. Married Ann E. Brady in 1868 ; she was born in Chenango Co., 
 N. Y. ; have four children — Jennie, John, Eugene and Mary. 
 
 W. ARNOLD, wagon-maker, Martelle; born Dec. 30, 1828, in Hendricks 
 Co., Ind. ; Feb. 7, 1850, he came to Jones Co. He has been Township Assessor and 
 Justice of the Peace ; was Postmaster at Fairview, from 1861 to 1865. Married Orpah 
 Alspach in 1853 ; she was born in Fairfield Co., Ohio, Sept. 20, 1833 ; they have four 
 children — W. Franklin, Emma E., Samuel S. and Jennie M. ; has an adopted daughter, 
 Minnie Alspach. Republican. 
 
 JOHN BAIRD, farmer, See. 30; P. 0. Lisbon; born Sept. 26, 1824, in 
 Ayrshire, Scotland ; in 1851, he came to Oneida Co., N. Y. ; in 1855, came to Daven- 
 port; in 1859, he came to Jones Co. He owns 288 acres of land. Married Helen 
 Donald in 1851 ; she was born in Ayrshire, Scotland; have five children — Jane (now 
 Mrs. Ellison), Agnes, Mary Ann, Katie E. and Andrew J. ; has been Justice of the 
 Peace four years ; has also been Township Assessor, School Treasurer and Director. 
 Democrat. 
 
 LEWIS BAKER, farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. MechanicsviUe ; born Feb. 6, 
 1838, in Snyder Co., Penn. ; in 1856, came to Illinois ; in 1866, he came to his present 
 farm, consisting of eighty acres. Married Rebecca Grimm Dec. 25, 1859 ; she was 
 born in Snyder Co., Penn., in June, 1840 ; had nine children, eight living — Ellen J., 
 Mary J., John, James, Lewis, William, p]dward S. and infant not named; lost Joseph 
 
GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 585 
 
 H., iu 1875, aged 4 years and -4 mouths. Enlisted in 1865, in Co. E, l-47th 111. Y. I.; 
 served to end of war. Has been Constable and School Director. Democrat ; United 
 Brethren. 
 
 SOL.OMOX BARE, farmer, Sec. 31 ; P.O. Lisbon ; born June 12, 1827, 
 in Somerset Co., Penn.; in 1857, came to Litin Co.; in 1871, to Jones Co. Owns 162 
 acres of land. Married Mary Flig-le in 1853 ; she was born in Somerset Co., Penn., in 
 1833 ; have three children — Hiram, Edward and John ; lost William, Sept. 6, 1872, 
 aged 16 years. Republican. 
 
 Ctt. W. BEliDEN, physician and surgeon, Martelle ; born June 23, 1820, 
 in Rutland Co., Vt.; in 1824, came with his parents to Wayne Co., N. Y.; in 1830, he 
 came to Washtenaw Co., Mich.; in 1832, came to Wood Co., Ohio ; in 1836, to La Porte, 
 Ind.; in 1837, to McHeury Co., 111.; in 1851, to Linn Co., Iowa; in 1868, to Jones 
 Co. He owns 105 acres of land, also property in town. He commenced the study ot 
 medicine in 1841, with Prof. George W. Richards, of St. Charles, 111.; graduated in 
 1844, at La Porte, Ind.; has been in practice most of the time since. Married Mary L. 
 Hodgkins in November, 1839 ; she was born in New York ; have six children — Cassia, 
 Ben, Frank, Albert, Mary T. and J. 0.; was a candidate for the Legislature for Linn 
 Co., and was defeated by John E. Kurtz. 
 
 T. O. BISHOP, farmer. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Martelle ; was born in Williamstown, 
 Berkshire Co., Mass., Sept. 4, 1805. In 1811, he, with his father's family, moved to 
 Cazenovia, Madison Co., N. Y. Feb. 20, 1832, he was married to Fidelia Annas, who 
 was born in Cazenovia March 18, 1814, by whom he had three sons, and two daughters, 
 Justin Dwinnell, Maria P., Francis M., Henry 0. and Fidelia ; Justin Dwinnell and 
 Maria P., died while young. Mr. Bishop served as Captain of a company of militia 
 four years. In 1847, he was elected a member of the New York Assembly, taking his 
 seat Jan. 1, 1850, as an Old Hunker Democrat. His wife dying in 1846, he married 
 Eunice Lewis, of De Ruyter, N. Y., in 1848. In 1854, he moved to Iowa and bought 
 150 acres of land in Sec. 6, Greenfield Township, Jones Co., where he now resides. In 
 the fall of 1873, he was elected a Representative of the Iowa Legislature. He had 
 previously been Supervisor of his township for nine consecutive years ; was Director of 
 his School District for ten years. Mr. Bishop was a descendant on his mother's side of 
 one of the Judges who condemned Charles I, of p]ngland, to be beheaded. 
 
 Ij. T. BfjACKLiEDGJB, firm of Hoifman & Blackledge, general merchan- 
 dise, Martelle; he was born in Jefferson Co., Ohio, Oct. 8, 1832 ; came to Linn Co., 
 Iowa, in October, 1854; in 1874, came to Martelle and engaged in the produce busi- 
 ness ; in 1875, he engaged in general merchandising with F. Hoffman, who had first 
 commenced this business in 1872, and who opened the first store iu Martelle. 
 
 JERRY BliESSING, farmer. Sec. 33; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born Nov. 
 1, 1843, in Dauphin Co., Penn.; in 1849, came to Linn Co., thence to Muscatine 
 Co. He enlisted, in 1862, in Co. A, 35th I. Y. I.; served to the end of the war. In 
 1865, he came to Jones Co. ; owns seventy-seven acres of land. Married Elizabeth 
 Zimmerman in February, 1870 ; she was born in Penn,sylvania ; have three children — 
 S. D., George E. and Hiram J. 
 
 IRA BREEI>, farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Martelle; he was born in Chenango 
 Co., N. Y.; in the fall of 1851, he came with his i^arents to Jones Co. ; owns 220 acres 
 of land, entered by his father, who died July 27, 1867, aged 69 years. His mother 
 lives here at the old homestead. The family numbers seven children — Elias, Ira, C 
 W., R. J., Abbie J., Ann Eliza and J. R. He is now School Director and Township 
 Treasurer ; Democrat. 
 
 WIIililAM BRUCH, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Lisbon ; born Nov. 23, 
 1839, in Northampton Co., Penn.; in 1869, came to Iowa; in 1871, he removed to 
 Jones Co. ; owns ninety acres land. Married Eliza S. Andrew in July, 1866 ; she was 
 born in Northampton Co., Penn., in 1841 ; had four children, three living — Anna 
 Nettie, Charles S. and Morris F. ; lost Naomi in 1876, aged 9 years. Enlisted in 
 1862 in Co I, 153d Penn. Y. I.; served nine months; participated in the battles of 
 Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. Republican ; Evangelical. 
 
586 BIOGRArHICAL SKETCHES : 
 
 J. T. COOK, farmer, Sec. 9 : P. 0. Martelle ; born Dec. 24, 1841, in Knox 
 Co., Ohio; in 1843, he came with his parents to Illinois; in 1868, came to Jones Co., 
 Iowa; he owns 195 acres of land. Married Miss M. R. Shields in 1866; she was 
 born in Illinois; have three children — Ella, Ada and Cora. He enlisted, in 1861, in 
 Co. F, 57th 111. V. I. ; served to the end of the war ; participated in the battles of 
 Shiloh, siege of Corinth and others; he has been for the past eight years School 
 Director ; Reoublican ; Baptist. 
 
 OEORi^E W. DAVIS, farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Lisbon; he was born 
 Dec. 23, 1844, in Ireland; came to Philadelphia in 1853 ; Oct. 19, 1856, he came to 
 Jones Co.; he owns 185 acres of land. Married Miss Anis Jones Sept. 16, 1868; she 
 was born in Lawrence Co., Ind., in 1850 ; they have five children — Thomas W., Henry 
 E., Lottie J., George W. and Ira Lincoln. He enlisted in 1861 in Co. I, 2d I. V. C. ; 
 served to the end of the war; participated in the siege of Corinth, siege of Vicksburg, 
 Nashville, Atlanta, Hurricane Creek and others. 
 
 F. DOIJBEX3IIER, farmer. Sec. 28; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born March 
 20, 1831, in Germany; in 1833, he came with his parents to Fairfield Co., Ohio; in 
 1868, came to Jones Co.; he owns 371 acres of land. Married Lovina Amspogh Nov. 
 23, 1855; she was born in Hocking Co., Ohio; have eleven children — Amelia, Jacob, 
 Louis, Daniel, Elmer, William, Albert, Samuel, John, Ephraim and 3Iatilda. 
 
 JAMES I>U:^CAX, farmer, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Viroqua ; born Aug. 10, 1810, 
 in Perthshire, Scotland. In 1839, came to Ohio; in 1854, he came to Jones Co. ; he 
 owns 181 acres of land. Married Agnes Marshall in 1837 ; she was born in Perthshire, 
 Scotland ; have four children — William F., Lawrence, James and Peter. Is President 
 of School District No. 1 ; enlisted in 1861 in Co. H, 14th I. V. I. ; was taken prisoner 
 at the battle of Shiloh April 6, 1862; was discharged in February, 1863. W. F. and 
 Lawrence served also in the late war. 
 
 JOHN FINXIGA]^, farmer. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Martelle ; born June 22, 1828, 
 in Philadelphia. In 1856, he came West and engaged in railroading; he returned, in 
 1857, to Philadelphia ; he enlisted in 1861 in the three-months' call in the city troops, 
 then re-enlisted in the 5th Penn. V. C. ; served three years, and was honorably dis- 
 charged ; he then came to Jones Co. ; he now owns 227 acres of land. Married Mary A. 
 Courtney in 1866 ; she was born in Delaware Co., Penn. ; have one child — Anna. 
 
 SOION ORAUEL, farmer. Sec. 26; P. 0. Mechanicsville; born Feb. 17, 
 1827, in Fairfield Co., Ohio. In 1848, came to Jones Co., Iowa; he owns 165 acres 
 of land. Married Rhoda Miller in 1849; she was born in Fairfield Co., Ohio.; have 
 five children — Levi M., Eliza Jane, Romancy, Mary Julia and Chauncy D. Has been 
 President of the School Board, Township Treasurer, etc. ; Democrat ; Lutheran Church. 
 
 ^. J. HAKES, of the firm of Leonard & Hakes, general merchandise, Mar- 
 telle ; he was born Oct. 17, 1829, in Chenango Co.,N. Y. In 1847, he came to Jones 
 Co. ; he also owns seventy-seven acres of land ; he commenced business here with Mr. 
 Leonard in 1876. Married Phebe J. Rundall in 1854; she was born in New York 
 City; they have six children — Nancy E., Montague, Addison, James, Hattie and Ella. 
 Has been Justice (>f the Peace, and has held various township oflBces. 
 
 FRANK HOFFMAN, of the firm of Hoffman ct Blackledge, general mer- 
 chandise, ^lartelle ; he was born May 12, 1849, in Switzerland. In 1852, he came to 
 Scott Co., Iowa ; in 1872, he came to Martelle and commenced his present business, 
 which was the first store opened in Martelle; he continued it till 1875, when the firm 
 changed to Hoffman & Rlackledge. Married Sophia Paulstian in February, 1869; she 
 was born in 1851 in Holstein, and died in 1872. Second marriage to Mary Paulstian 
 in 1873 ; she was born in Davenport, Iowa; have two children — Cora B. and Clara M. 
 Has been for the past two years Township Collector. 
 
 BENJAMIN JOYNER, proprietor of hotel, Martelle ; born Oct. 11, 1816, 
 in Clarksburg, Mass. In 1820, he came to New York with his parents ; in 1854, came 
 to Iowa; in 1869, he came to Jones Co. ; he owns fifty-five acres of land, also property 
 in the village. Married Miss Zilpha Weeks March 10, 1840 ; she was born in Cortland 
 Co., N. Y., May 28, 1817 ; have five children, all deceased. Republican ; Baptist. 
 
GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 587 
 
 AMOS KOHL, fiirraer, Sec. 26; P. 0. Meclianicsville ; born Oct. 18, 1832, 
 in Berks Co., Peno. In 1851, came to Wisconsin; in 1861:, he came to his present 
 owns -120 aeres of land. Married Maria Grim in 1853; she was born in Center Co., 
 Penn., in 1835 ; had eleven children, nine living — Mary, Henry, William Annetta, 
 Lewis, Emma, Tena. Charles and Mena. 
 
 ADAM KRUMROY, farmer. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born July 
 4, 1847, in Summit Co., Ohio; in 1875, he came to Jones Co., Iowa ; owns 120 acres 
 of land. Married Lydia Kohl in February, 1876; she was born in Jones Co.; they 
 have two children — Clemma J. and an infant not named. He is Secretary of the 
 School Board. Democrat ; German Reformed. 
 
 Cir. W. liAMB, farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Viroqua ; born March 1, 1837, in 
 Fairfield Co., Oliio ; in 1842, he came with his parents to Jones Co. He owns 120 
 acres of land, entered by his father. Married Eliza Freeman in 1863 ; she was born 
 in Indiana ; have four children — Edward, Mary Belle, William and Perlie. His 
 father was born in Fairfield Co., Ohio, in 1812, and died in 1851. 
 
 W. P. JLEONARD, of the firm of Leonard & Hakes, general merchandise, 
 Martelle ; born Oct. 2, 1847, in Mercer Co., 111.; in 1851, came to Linn Co., Iowa, 
 with his parents. In 1873, he commenced selling goods for George W. Wilson, and in 
 1876 commenced the present firm. He enlisted, in 1864, in the Signal Service, in the 
 School of Instruction, and remained until 1867. Married Ettie Newland in 1871 ; she 
 she was born in New York ; have three children — Jessie M., Harry W. and Otto D. 
 Mr. Leonard is Secretary of the School Board, and has been since its organization. He 
 is a Republican ; Mrs. Leonard is a member of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 A. D. McCONAlJGHY, fiirmer. Sec. 9 ; P. 0._ Martelle ; born June 29 
 
 1837, in Washington Co., Penn. In 1842, he came with his parents to Delaware Co. 
 Ohio ; in March, 1856, he came to Jones Co. Owns 107 acres of land. Married Miss 
 M. A. Ernsbarger in December, 1861 ; she was born in Hancock Co., Ohio ; have 
 four children — Herbin S., George W., Clarence E. and Clinton J. Has been School 
 Director about six years. Democrat. 
 
 HEXRY MATTHIESEN, saloon and billiards, Martelle; born Jan. 8, 
 
 1838, in Germany; in 1867, came to Clinton Co., Iowa; thence to Scott Co.; in 1873, 
 came to Martelle. Married Miss D. Nitsch in 1869 ; she was born in Germany in 
 1845 ; have four children — Bernhard, Harry, Laura and Rudolph. 
 
 GEORGE METTEE, of the firm of Mettee & Dragoo, blacksmiths, Mar- 
 telle ; born May 11, 1845, in Miami Co., Ind.; in 1874, he came to Martelle. Mar- 
 ried Mary McWilliams Jan. 29, 1869; she was born in Ohio; have three children — 
 Ollie, Amey and Harry. Enlisted, in 1861, in Company; B, 11th Ind. Y. I., and 
 served till the end of the war ; he participated in the battles of Fort Henry, Fort Don- 
 elson, Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, Port Gibson, Baton Station, Champion Hills and 
 Athens. 
 
 E. V. MILrliER, farmer. Sec. 25; P. 0. Viroqua; born Feb. 22, 1824, in 
 Fairfield Co., Ohio, in 1843, he came to Jones Co., Iowa. Owns 170 acres of land. 
 Married Susan Granel in 1847 ; she was born in 1826 in Fairfield Co., Ohio, and died 
 in September, 1855 ; have four children — T. J., G. G., Anna Mary and Flecia ; second 
 marriage to Elizabeth Barnard in November, 1856; she was born in New York; had 
 eight children, seven living — Sarah E., Henry H., Charles L., Estelle V., Kenneth D., 
 and an infant not named ; lost one son in September, 1876, aged 17 years. Has been 
 a Magistrate for the past twenty-three years ; was elected County School Fund Com- 
 missioner in 1853, and served two years ; has been Assessor five terms. Enlisted, in 
 1861, in Company F, 13th I. V. I., and served till the end of the war. Democrat. 
 
 ELIJ^HA MILl^ER, farmer. Sec. 23 ; P. O. Mechanicsville ; born Dec. 
 14, 1823, in Fairfield Co., Ohio; in 1854, he came to Jones Co.; he owns 120 acres 
 of land, and it is the best-conducted farm in the county, for which he was awarded a 
 diploma, dated Monticello, Sept. 4, 1874. He married xMiss Amelia Spohr in 1848; 
 she was born in Bucks Co., Penn., May 27, 1827 ; had two children, both deceased. 
 Democrat ; LuthA'an. 
 
588 BIOGKAPIIICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 C. T. ]M[IRI€K, farmer, Sec. 9; P. 0. Martelle ; born April 29, 1839, in 
 Otsego Co., N. Y.; in 1862, he came to Jones Co. He owns 247 acres of land. Mar-, 
 ried Miss Theresa Feet in 1864; she was born in Jones Co.; have two children — 
 Arthur E. and Hobert D. Republican. 
 
 C MOHN, farmer, Sec. 22; P. 0. Lisbon ; bora June 25, 1825, in Germany; 
 in 1856, came to Pennsylvania ; in 1871, came to Jones Co. He owns 100 acres of 
 land. Married Eliza Rick in 1852 ; she was born in Germany ; have four children — 
 William, Philip, John and Mena. 
 
 J. S. MIJRFIELD, flirmer. Sec. 14; P. 0. Viroqua ; born Oct. 4, 1825, 
 in Franklin Co., Ohio ; in 1850, came to Jones Co., Iowa. Owns 365 acres of land ; 
 eighty acres of this he entered, and has made all the improvements on this farm. Mar- 
 ried Elizabeth A. Bancroft in March, 1840 ; she was born in Union Co., Ohio ; have 
 eight children — Richard B., Delmar F., Charles W., Caroline M., Claudius James, 
 Mary L., Hattie A. and John B. Has been Constable, Township Trustee, Assessor, etc. 
 
 C. A. XEWMAX, farmer, Sec. 2; P. 0. Viroqua; born July 23, 1832, in 
 Richland Co., Ohio ; in 1852, cames to Jones Co. He owns 105o- acres of land. Mar- 
 ried Catharine Stover in 1854; she was born in Pennsylvania; have sis children — 
 Mary E., Nancy, Stephen A. D., Squire, Savilla L. and Terresa M.; lost — Ada Elvira, 
 inl876, aiied 14 years. 
 
 €. W. OR^SBY, Postmaster, Martelle; born Feb. 17, 1819, in Concord, 
 Mass.; when a child, he came to New Hampshire with his parents ; he afterward returned 
 to Boston and was apprenticed to the cabinet-maker's trade ; here he remained till the 
 age of 21, when he came to Lamoille Co., Yt., remaining there three years, then came 
 to Iowa. He owns seventy-five acTes of land ; he laid out the town of Martelle, and 
 formerly owned the land the village now stands on. Married iMiss M. A. Brown in 
 November, 1843 ; she was born in New Boston, N. H., in 1823 ; they have one son — 
 Charles H. Was appointed Postmaster in 1872. 
 
 A. .1. PACKARD, agent and operator of the C, M. & St. P. R. R, and 
 agent of the Amerscan Express Co., Martelle; he was born Nov. 4, 1857, in Winne- 
 bago Co., 111.; in 1878, he came to his present position; he has been engaged in the 
 railroad business for the past four years. Married Miss E. Arnold in 1879 ; she was 
 born in Jones Co , Iowa. 
 
 HEXRY PARKER, farmer. Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born Feb. 
 16, 1839, in Union Co., Penn.; when a child, he came with his parents to Ohio; in 
 1871, he came to his present tarra. He owns 166 acres of land. Married Miss B. C. 
 Zickgraf in 1867 ; she was born in Cleveland ; have four children — Ulysses G., Ionia 
 F., /Varon S. and Charles. He enlisted in 1865 in Co. G, 160th Ohio V. I.; served to 
 the end of the war. Republican. 
 
 E. G. PEET, farmer. Sec. 15; P. 0. Martelle ; born Oct. 13, 1845, in Jones 
 Co., Iowa. He owns 193 acres of land; 140 acres of this was entered by his father. 
 Married Oriana Chapin Dec. 19, 1867 ; she was born in Cortland Co., N. Y.; have five 
 children— Harry L., Glenn A., Claud G., CoUis S. and Earl. Has held about all the 
 township offices. Republican. 
 
 €}II>EOX N. PEET, deceased, was born Sept. 2, 1814, in Cortland Co., 
 N. Y.; in 1839, he came to Jones Co., Iowa ; he died Oct. 25, 1861. He married 
 Miss Cordelia 0. Wilcox March 29, 1840 ; they had four children, three of whom are 
 living — Theresa Y. (now Mrs. Charles Mirick), Eber G. and Adelbert C; lost — Collins 
 S., in 1864, aged 23 years. Mrs. Peet owns about two hundred and fifty acres of land 
 on Sec. 16; P. O. Martelle. 
 
 DAVID REESE, fiirmer, Sec. 5; P. 0. Fairview ; born Jan. 13, 1855, in 
 Greenfield Township, Jones Co. He owns 130 acres of land, entered by his father in 
 1850. 3Lirried Miss A. M. Waggoner May 3, 1877 ; she was born in Jones Co., 
 Iowa; they have one child — Fannie A. His father was a native of Wales, and came 
 to Jones Co., Iowa, in 1842. 
 
 R. G. ROBINSOX, stock and grain, Martelle ; he was born Dec. 9, 1839, 
 in Bradford Co., Penn ; when a boy, he came with parents to Wisconsin ; in 1876, 
 
GREENVIEW TOWNSHIP. 589 
 
 came to Martelle ; he has been engaged in this business for the past thirteen years. Mar- 
 ried Miss F. A. Hill in 18G7 ; she was born in Bangor, Me.; they have three children 
 — William, Kate L. and an infant not named. Democrat. 
 
 H. C. SCOTT, farmer, Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born Dec. 22, 1832, 
 in Montgomery Co., Ind.; in 1837, came to Pioneer Grove, Cedar Co., Iowa, with his 
 parents ; in 1858, he came to his present farm. He owns 332 acres of land. Married 
 Miss Maria Todd in 1858; she was born in Ohio ; have six children — Eva Jane, 
 Francis, Olive I., Henry W., Blanche and Bertha. Democrat. 
 
 M. I^HOlilllAKJiiR, physician and surgeon, Martelle; he was born Sept. 
 17, 1846, in Fairfield Co., Ohio; in 1858, came to Linn Co.; December, 1874, 
 he removed to Martelle ; he commenced the study of medicine in 1869, with Dr. 
 Coates, of Clarence, Iowa ; graduated at the Rush Medical College, Chicago, February, 
 1873 ; he first practiced at Stanwood, Iowa, then received a commission to practice in the 
 Indian Department of the civil service at Fort Hall Indian Agency ; this he resigned 
 on account of sickness. Married Miss Mary Hoey in 1873 ; she was born in Colum- 
 biana Co., Ohio, April, 1850 ; they have one child — Oliver H. The Doctor is County 
 Physician for Greenfield Township. 
 
 S. W. STEAR^'S, former. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Lisbon ; he was born January, 
 1825, in Wayne Co., Penn.; in the fall of 1856, he came to Jones Co.; he owns 120 
 acres of land. Married Miss Elizabeth Aten in 1851 ; she was born in Luzerne Co., 
 Penn., in 1827 ; have three children — Earl B., who has charge of and manages this 
 farm ; Addie and Charles W. Republican. 
 
 J. W. STERLING, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Viroqua ; born April 10, 1811, 
 in Fairfield Co., Ohio ; in 1843, came to Jones Co.; owns 174 acres of land, which he 
 entered. Married Catharine Granel Oct. 28, 1834; she was born Sept. 18, 1813, in 
 Fairfield Co., Ohio ; had ten children ; three living — William R., Daniel G. and 
 Lomeda C; his son George enlisted in 1861, in Co. B, 9th I. V. I., died at Forsyth, 
 Mo., June, 1862. Has been Justice of the Peace and School Director. Republican. 
 
 R. STEPHENS, farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Martelle; born Aug. 28, 1824, in 
 Knox Co., Ohio; in 1866, he came to Jones Co.; owns 270 acres of land. Married 
 Miss M. A. Herring in 1845 ; she was born in England in 1824; had eight children ; 
 seven living— W. K., L. 0., N. R., W. A., E. K., F. D. and R. S.; lost Lucretia in 1855, 
 aged 4 years. Whan in Ohio, served as a recruiting agent during the war. Republican. 
 
 EDWIN E. TATHWELL, druggist and assistant Postmaster, Martelle ; 
 born Sept. 16, 1845, in Rahway, N. J. ; in 1857, came to Ohio with his parents; in 
 1865, came to present locality. In 1878, he commenced the drug business. Married 
 Miss Josie McKean Oct. 1, 1871 ; she was born in Linn Co.; have two children — Roy 
 and Gracie. He enlisted, in 1862, in Co. A, 96th Ohio V. I.; was discharged 
 March 10, 1864, on account of wounds received in his right arm at the battle of Carrion 
 Crow, La., for which he receives a pension ; participated in the battles of Vicksburg, 
 Arkansas Post, Port Hudson, Raymond, Jackson, Miss., Champion Hills, Black River, 
 siege of Vicksburg, siege of Jackson and others ; was transferred to Vicksburg to the 
 Gulf Department. 
 
 WIIiLIAM VANDERBILT, farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; 
 born Feb. 27, 1827, in Albany Co., N. Y.; in 1854, he came to Jones Co.; he owns 
 127 acres of land. Married Sarah Jewett in 1848 ; she was born in Albany Co., N. Y.; 
 have five children — Emma (now Mrs. Zimmerman), John, Ella (now Mrs. Scott), Jessie 
 and Willie. Republican. 
 
 DU ANE ZIMMERMAN, farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born 
 in March, 1822, in Berks Co., Penn.; in 1855, he came to Jones Co. He owns 307 acres 
 of land, which he entered. He has one of the best improved farms in the township, 
 all the improvements have been made by himself, and by strict attention to business, has 
 acquired a competence. Married Susan Kohl in February, 1841 ; she was born in 
 Bucks Co., Penn., in 1820; have seven children — John, Henry, Nancy (now Mrs. 
 Melton), Elizabeth (now Mrs. Blessing), Susan (now Mrs. Dr. Bradshaw), Emma (now 
 Mrs. Saum), Ella (now Mrs. Peet). Greenbacker ; United Brethren. 
 
590 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 OXFORD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 VAELAX BAL.IIEK, farmer, Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in 
 Europe in 1826 ; came to America in 1869 : settled in Jones Co.; has now eighty acres. 
 His wife, Julia Easj'check, was born in Europe in 1814 ; married, in the old country, in 
 1857, and have two children — Annie (now 5lrs. Millemack ; lives in Clinton Co.), Joe 
 and Mar)'. In politics, Democrat ; reliirion, Catholic. 
 
 VIET BLIZEK, farmer, Sec. 11; P. 0. Oxford Junction; born in 
 Bohemia in 1853 ; came to America in 1871, and stopped in Chicago, and then 
 came to Jones Co., and now owns 110 acres. His wife, Annie Wasoba, was born in 
 Bohemia in 1854 ; came to America in 185-4 ; settled in Jackson Co.; she is a daugh- 
 ter of Frank Wasoba; married in 187G ; had one child, who died in 1878. In politics, 
 Democrat; in religion, liberal Protestant. 
 
 1j. D. CARLTON, blacksmith, Oxford Mills ; born in Rensselaer Co., N. 
 Y., in 18)5, and came to Iowa in 1859. His first wife, Ann Eliza Hunt, was born 
 in Erie, N. Y., and died in about two years after marriage, leaving one child, Edwin, 
 who enlisted in the United States Regular Army, 1st Battery, and was on the Star of 
 the West at the time of the attempted impressment of Fort Sumter ; served five years, 
 and received an honorable discharge ; died at the age of 34. His second wife, Frances 
 C. Whitney, was born in Sullivan Co.. N. H., in 1832, and moved to New York, and 
 then to Iowa, in the fall of 1857, and married in the spring of 1863, and has two 
 children living — Effie S. and Harry. He enlisted, in August, 1861, in the 9th I. V. I., 
 and was mustered out in December, 1862. Has been Justice of the Peace and Town- 
 ship Clerk. Is a Republican and Universalist in religion. 
 
 SAMUEL COOX, farmer, Sec. 16; P. 0. Oxford Junction; born in 
 Ohio in 1820; came to Illinois in 1847, to Piatt Co., and remained until 1849, and, 
 in 1849, came to Iowa, and settled in Jones Co. ; entered eighty and now owns 280 
 acres, and has made all the improvements ; he has built the house and barn ; did the 
 carpenter work all himself. His wife, Mirah Walston, was born in Ohio in 1829, and 
 married in 1842, at Williamsport, Ohio, and have had twelve children; the living are 
 Norton J., Lucinda, Josiah, Emily, Jane (died in 1858), Albert, Mai'ion, Annie (died 
 in 1868), William, Elmer, Elizabeth (died in 1868), Charlie A. Has been Township 
 Trustee and Supervisor. In politics. Republican, and religion, Lutheran. 
 
 ENOS T. ELDRED (deceased), farmer. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; born 
 in New York June 10, 1831, and came to Iowa, in 1863, and entered, and now owns, 
 eighty acres ; he made all the improvements ; held the ofiice of School Director, and 
 graduated at Cooperstown, N. Y. ; died July 4, 1872. His wife. Pollen E. Atwood, 
 was born in Illinois March 10, 1847 ; married Jan. 14, 1862. Mrs. E. still carries on 
 the farm, as directed by her husband ; they had four children — Edgar E., Everett M., 
 William L. and Harry. Bertie Bell 3Iorton. adopted in 1879. 
 
 WANCAL ELECK, farmer. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in 
 Europe in 1813 ; came to America in 1855, and settled in Jones Co., and bought and 
 now owns seventy-five acres, and built the house and made all the improvements on the 
 place. His wife, Annie Tomshak, was born in Europe in 1822 ; married, in the old 
 country, in 1846, and had three children — George, John and Mary; John is married 
 to Fannie Crowlick. In politics, Democrat ; in religion. Catholic. 
 
 D. FEROUSON, dealer in general stock ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in 
 Andes, Delaware Co., N. Y., in 1837 ; engaged for ten years in mercantile business 
 East, and removed to Iowa in 1869, and settled in Clarence, and formed a partnership 
 with Simmons, Hanna & Ferguson, and, in 1875, opened the first store in Oxfoi'd 
 Junction. His wife, Miss Margaret Richmond, was born in New York City in 1835, 
 
 J 
 
OXFORD TOWNSHIP. 593 
 
 married, in 18G6, in New York State, and have two children living — Ward and Agnes B. 
 Lost one, Cora D., at the age of 5 months, while at Clarence. In politics, a Repub- 
 lican, and for fifteen years has been an active member of the Methodist Church. 
 
 Ci^EORC^E FIELD, farmer, Sec. 32; P. 0. Oxford Mills; born in Xew 
 York in 1829 ; came to Michigan and remained one year, then to Iowa, and settled in 
 Cedar Co., and then, in 1863, to Jones Co. He enlisted in February, ISG-t, in the 
 11th N. Y. V. C, and was mustered out July 21, 1865, at Memphis, Tenn. 
 He now owns 120 acres. His wife, Lydie M. Terell, was born in Bradford Co., Penn., 
 in lSl-1, and settled in Jones Co., Iowa, in 1853 ; they were married Oct. 3, 1865, and 
 have four children — Charles H., George C, Lydie M. and Willie C. Politics, Repub- 
 lican ; religion. Advent. 
 
 NOBLE R. HAGAR, ftu-mer. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Oxford Mills; was born in 
 Bradford Co., Penn., in 1824, and came to Jones Co. at an early day and bought eighty 
 acres, and at the present time owns 500 acres, and has made all the improvements, built 
 a fine house and barn and good fences. His wife, Hannah E. Terrell, was born in 
 Bradford Co., Penn., in 1827 ; they were married in 1852 ; have eight children, seven 
 living — Milo M., Mary E. (now Mrs. Drakej, Ida M. (now Mrs. Hammond), Theda 
 A., Rosa J., Ellen M., Esther M. ; Frederick M. died Sept. 21, 1878, Mr. H. has 
 held the offices of School Director and Superintendent. Politics, Repubhcan ; religion, 
 Wesleyan Methodist. 
 
 AXDREW HANS, farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; was born in 
 Bavaria in 1831, and came to America in 18-19 ; settled in New York and worked on a 
 farm for five years, then went to New York City and worked at the cabinet-making 
 business; from there to Lee Co., 111., and remained four months, and, in 1855, came to 
 Hale Township, Jones Co., with nothing but a span of horses and a wagon, and 
 bought forty acres of Walston, then sold and came to Oxford Township and bought the 
 first forty acres of Mr. Wherry, forty from Mr. Ira Carter, then eighty of Mr. Moor, 
 then eighty of Charles Whitler, and sixty-five acres of timber of Bennett, and now 
 owns over three hundred acres, which has l3een paid for by the hard labor of Mr. Hans, 
 who has made all the improvements, and this is one of the finest stock farms in this 
 county, as there is a stream of water flowing through four of the forty. His wife, 
 Mary Schab, was born in Germany in 1833, and came to America in 1852 ; she settled 
 in New York, then came to Illinois; she was married in Lee Co. in 1855, at Dixon, 
 and died Dec. 27. 1876; they have buried three children — Nettie, Henry and Ettie ; 
 have six living — Mary, Amelia, George. Andrew, Carrie and Elmer. Mr. H. has held 
 the ofiices of Town Trustee and School Director. Politics, Republican ; religion, Evan- 
 gelical Lutheran. 
 
 SMADRACH HAMMOND, farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Clarence ; ^born in 
 New Jersey in 1831. and moved to Ohio in 18-13, and remained there until 1855, then 
 came to Iowa in the spring of 1855 and settled in Jones Co.. bought fifty acres, and 
 now owns 232. His wife, Emeline Kimbell, was born in New Jersey in 1834, and 
 came west to Ohio in 1836, and married, in Ohio, in 185-1 ; they have three children 
 living — Virgil, Edgar and Mary, and three deceased — David, Elmer and Sarah. Mr. 
 Hammond has been School Director and Road Superintendent several times. Politics, 
 Democrat ; religion, Wesleyan Methodist. 
 
 MORRIS B. HALL, dealer in live stock, Oxford Mills; was born at Anti- 
 och. Lake Co., 111., in 1846 ; came to Iowa in 1876, and engaged in the present busi- 
 ness. His wife, Maggie Battin, was born in Du Page Co., 111., in 1854, and was 
 married Jan. 1, 1873; they have one child — Morris Howard. Politics, Republican; 
 religion, Methodist. 
 
 GEORGE HALN, flirmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; was born in 
 
 Mercer Co., Penn., in 1832 ; came to Iowa in 1856, settled in Jackson Co. until 1869, 
 
 when he moved to Jones Co., on the present place, and made all the improvements. 
 
 His wife, Elizabeth Paup, was born in Mercer Co., Penn., in 1837 ; came to Iowa in 
 
 1851, and was married in 1862, at Maquoketa, Jackson Co.; they have two children — 
 
 Carrie and Daniel. Mr. H. has been School Director three years. He enlisted in the 
 
 p 
 
594 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 2d I. V. C in 1861, and was mustered out in 1863, at Davenport, Iowa; he was in 
 the battles of Corinth, luka, and all of the engagements in Northern Mississippi. 
 
 \, X. HENAK, physician and surgeon, Oxford Junction ; born in Bohemia 
 in 1842 ; came to America in 1859, settled in Iowa City and remained about three 
 years, when he came to Oxford Junction, in 1873 ; he attended lectures at Rush Col- 
 lege, in Chicago; also at Keokuk, Iowa, and graduated in 1878; has been practicing 
 since at the Junction. His wife, Mary Struerben, was born in Germany in 18-19 ; she 
 came to America in 1860, and settled at Iowa City; was married in 1867, and they 
 have three children — Mamie, Lillie and Eddie. Mr. Henak was in the employ of the 
 United States Government, as hospital steward at Robinson Hospital, at Davenport, dur- 
 ino- the war. Politics, Democrat ; religion. Liberal. 
 
 D, C. HUBOARD, dealer in lumber, lath, shingles, sash, doors and blinds, 
 Oxford Junction ; born in Chatham, Medina Co., Ohio, in 1851, and came to Iowa 
 Oct. 7, 1375, and engaged in teaching school until the spring of 1878, when he engaged 
 in the present business ; owns town property. His wife, Ellen J. Bryan, was born in 
 Buffalo Township, Linn Co., in 1849; married in September, 1877, "and have one 
 child — Ford Archie. In politics, a Republican, and in religion, Methodist. 
 
 C .JACOBSEN, restaurant and billiards, Oxfurd Mills; born in Denmark 
 in 1842 ; came to America in 1869 ; went to Wisconsin, then to Indiana, and then to 
 Iowa in 1878 and settled at Oxford Mills. He owns his town property. His wife, 
 Julia Landon, was born in Ireland in 1848, and came to America in 1849 and settled 
 in Indiana; married May 20, 1878, and have one child — Edward C. 
 
 W. P. LrANtiJAlV, blacksmith, Oxford Mills; born in Ireland in 1835, and 
 came to Amer'^.i in 1845, landing in Canada, and settled in Jennings Co., Ind., in 
 1845, and remained there until 21 and learned his trade, when he went to Missouri in 
 May, 1856, and remained until February, 1857 ; then, in the latter part of February, 
 1857, went to Davenport, Iowa, and stayed there until September; then went to Clin- 
 ton Co., Iowa ; then to Cedar Co. in November, 1857, and remained there until Octo- 
 ber, 1859, when he came to Oxford Mills. In 1861, he enlisted in the 14th I. V. I.; 
 was transfered to the 41st I. V. I., and then to the 7th I. V.' C,; and was mustered out 
 Feb. 11, 1864; was on the frontier most of the time with the Indians. He owns 
 eighty acres in Missouri and property in Oxford Mills. His wife was born in New 
 York in 1838 ; came to Indiana and then to Iowa in 1857 ; was married to Bridget 
 Welch in 1859, at Davenport, Iowa; they have seven children living — Mary L., Efl&e 
 G., Lillie A., Thomas E., Herbert W., Ettie and Katie. In politics, Democrat, and in 
 religion. Catholic. 
 
 T. M. LilXDSE Y, proprietor of hotel and livery, Oxford Junction ; born in 
 Ohio, in 1850 ; came to Iowa in the fall of 1865, and settled in Jones Co., and now is 
 the owner of the hotel and livery stable at Oxford Junction, and a hotel where the 
 traveler can find the best of accommodations. His wife, Mary A. Henry, was born in 
 Pennsylvania in 1854 ; came to Iowa when quite young, and was employed as a teacher 
 at the age of 16 ; married Dec. 13, 1877. Is at the present time Trustee and Consta- 
 ble. In politics. Democrat, and in religion, United Presbvterian. 
 
 GEORGE W. L. ATHROP, farmer and stock-dealer. Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
 Oxford Mills; born in Fremont Co., Ohio, in 1838 ; came to Scott Co., Iowa, in 1840, 
 and moved to Jones Co. in 1857, and, in company with Mr. A. Conright, built the 
 Oxford Mills in 1858. He owns 700 acres at the present time ; his farm is one of the 
 finest and kept in the best order, and the improvements of the most substantial kind of 
 any in Jones Co. Mr. Lathrop was a member of the Sixteenth General Assembly of 
 Iowa. He was married in 1860 to Miss Millie Noble, of Clinton Co., N. Y., by the 
 Rev. A. E. Aldrich ; they have two children — Frank and James Howard. In politics, 
 Republican, and in religion, liberal. 
 
 S. F. McDOXALiD, proprietor of Oxford Mills, Oxford Mills; born in 
 Ireland in 1838; came to America in 1856, and settled near Monmouth, 111.; was 
 employed as miller until 1862, when he enlisted in Co. A, 93d 111. V. I., at Rock 
 Island, as Second Lieutenant ; was promoted to First Lieutenant and mustered out at 
 
 
OXFORD TOWNSHIP. 595 
 
 Washington, D. C, in 18G5. At the close of the war, he returned to Bigssville, 111., 
 where he boaght the mill known as the Biggsville Mills ani remainel until 1874, when 
 he sold out and went to California, for one year, when he returned and bought the 
 Oxford Mills for SI (3,000, of Samuel Blair, and has made improvements of the most 
 substantial kind, until the mill stands second to none in lowa. At a large expense, he 
 built one mile levee to make the adjoining land arable and have full use of the water ; 
 also built a new dam. His wife, Miss Catharine Carson, was born Aug. 27, 1845, in 
 Indiana; married at Rock Island in 1865. In politics, Republican; liberal in religion. 
 
 JOSEPH IIIRAIIR, farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction; born in 
 Bohemia in 1831 ; came to America in 1861, and remained four years in Chicago; 
 in 1866, came to Jones Co., Iowa, and now owns 120 acres, and is building a fine 
 house and making fine improvements on the place. His wife, Annie Sheamonek, was 
 born in Bohemia in 1828 ; married in 1861 , and came immediately to America ; have eight 
 children living ; five boys and three girls. In politics. Republican ; in religion, Catholic. 
 
 E. D. MORTON, restaurant and billiards, Oxford Mills; born in New 
 Hampshire in 1835, and came to Cedar Co. in 1843, and remained until 1845; moved 
 to Oxford Mills in 1870, and engaged in grain business; enlisted, in August, 1862, in 
 the 26th I. V. I. ; discharged for disability in October, 1864; engaged in the battles of 
 Arkansas Post and Duvall's Bluff. His wife, Harriet Cave, was born in Ohio in 1835, 
 and came West in 1852 ; married in 1859, and have had five children — Ellen (now 
 Mrs. Forepangh), Ezra (died in 1872 • Malinda A., Eliza, Rosa. 
 
 BERT NOWACHEK, farmer, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in 
 Europe in 1857 ; came to America in 1859. Married Oct. 10, 1877; have one child — 
 Josephine, 1 year old; born Nov. 10, 1879. In politics, Democrat; religion. Catholic. 
 
 JOXAS OYERHOLT, farmer. Sec. 3; P. 0. Wyoming; born Oct. 2, 
 1828, in Columbiana Co., Ohio; in 1855, he came to Jones Co. ; owns 165 acres land. 
 Married Sarah Means in 1850 ; she was born in 1830, in Pennsylvania; died in 1864 ; 
 had five children — Frank, Antoinette, Ira, Owen and Sigel. Second marriage to Min- 
 erva Walston in 1871 ; she was born in Ohio. He has been Secretary and now Treas- 
 urer of the School Board. 
 
 JOSEPH PAWEL.KA, former. Sec. 14; P. 0. Oxford Junction; bora 
 in Austria in 1843; came to America in 1854, and settled in Jones Co., and owns 160 
 acres, and this season has built a fine house and large barn ; the improvements are of 
 the substantial kind. His wife, Adelia Morvace, was born in Austria in 1847 ; came 
 to America in 1857, and settled in Jackson Co. ; married in 1866, and have four chil- 
 dren — Joseph P.. Frankie, Annie, Emmond. In politics. Republican ; in religion, 
 Catolic. Mr. Pawelka enlisted July 20, 1861, in the 26th I. V. I.; mustered out in' 
 1863 ; engaged at the battle of Arkansas Post, and was wounded in the leg; has been 
 School Director and Road Supervisor for a number of years. 
 
 T. D. PROSSER, farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in War- 
 ren Co., N. Y., in 1834 ; came to Illinois at the age of 8, and settled in Lee Co., and 
 remained about two years ; from there to Maquoketa, Iowa, and there about two years, 
 when he came to this place in 1856 and entered 160 acres, which he now owns, and 
 made all the improvements, a fine house, barn and fences. His wife, Sarah Chase, was 
 born in Ohio in 1850, and came to Iowa at an early day, and married in 1871 in Jack- 
 son Co.; have three children — Saphronia, Addie, Rena. In politics, Republican; in 
 religion, liberal. 
 
 RALPH REAMER, farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Oxford Mills; born in New 
 York in 1834; came to Cedar Co. in 1854, remained until 1860, and then to Jones 
 Co., and now owns 135 acres; when he bought the land, it was wild, and he has made 
 the improvements of a fine house and barn, with fences and farm in the best of order. 
 His wufe, ■ Clarissa Brink, was born in Bradford Co., Penn., in 1831; came West to 
 Iowa and settled in Cedar Co. in 1855, and married in 1856 ; they have two children — 
 Ciesely A. and Elvira M. Has been School Director and District Treasurer; in relig- 
 ion, AVesleyan Methodist; he e ilisted in September, 1861, in the 14th I. V. I., and 
 transferred to the 7th I. V. C, and mustered out June 23, 1866. 
 
596 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 EDWARD REXIE, farmer, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Oxford Mills ; born in Ohio in 
 1826; came to Iowa in 1SG4 ; settled in Jones Co. and bought and now owns forty 
 acres. His wife, Bridget Landon, was born in Ireland in 1S29 ; came to America when 
 quite young; married in 1849, and have four children — Mary, Ellen (died in 1870), 
 Josephine, Bridsct. In politics, Democrat ; in religion, Catholic. 
 
 JOSEPH ROBISOX, farmer, Sec. 29; P. 0. Oxford Mills; was born 
 in Virginia in 1837 ; came to Ohio in 1846 and remained until 1877, when he came to 
 Jones Co. and bought, and now owns forty-one and three-fourths acres, on which he has 
 made all of the improvements. His wife, Jennette Cave, was born in Franklin Co., 
 Ohio, in 1840, and came to Iowa in 1877 ; they were married May 14, 1855, in Ohio, 
 and have three children living — Calvin D., William H. and Laurance B. 
 
 JOSEPH SACORA, manufiicturer of carriages and wagons, Oxford Junc- 
 tion ; born in Bohemia in 1847 ; came to America in 1855, settled in Jackson Co., and 
 remained until 1866, when he removed to Jones Co. and engaged in farming until 1877, 
 when he went to Oxford Junction. He enlisted in 1864, in the 15th I. V. I., and was 
 mustered out in 1865 ; was at the battle of Beaufort, S. C, Bentonville, S. C, Savan- 
 nah, Gra., and Fort McAllister. His wife, Mary Stepanek, was born in Gi-ermany in 
 1854 ; came to America in 1854, settled in Johnson Co., and married in 1869 ; they have 
 three children — Dillie Lula, Annie and Joseph. Politics, Republican; religion. Catholic. 
 
 C A. SCHWAB, former. Sec. 4; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in Amboy, 
 111., in 1855; came to Iowa in 1860. and owns fifty acres. Politics, Republican; 
 religion. Evangelical Lutheran. His wife, Mary E. Walston, was born in Jones Co. in 
 1855. and was married May 13, 1879. 
 
 ANTHONY SHEMERDOR, farmer, Sec. 6j P.O.Wyoming; born in 
 Europe in 1835; came to America in 1852, and settled in Jackson Co.; remained 
 about thirteen years, then came to Jones Co.; owns 260 acres of land, and has built a 
 barn 30x62 feet, with all the modern improvements, with a wind-mill, which he uses for 
 all the labor about the house. He has been Road Supervisor. His wife, Catherine 
 Jabokrcy, was born in Bohemia in 1837 ; came to America in 1854, and settled at 
 Cedar Rapids, and was married in 1857 ; they have ten children living — Josejihine, 
 Annie, Anthony, John, Mary, Emmie, Henry, Frank, Charlie, Francis and Isabel. 
 
 ALOIS STRATILEK, dealer in general stock, Oxford Junction ; was 
 born in Bohemia in 1850 ; came to America and settled at Buffalo, N. Y., in 1867, and 
 to Iowa in 1873 ; he opened a store at Oxford Junction in fall of 1873. His wife, Annie 
 Pakorny, was born in Bohemia in 1852 ; came to America in 1872, and settled at Buf- 
 falo, N. y. ; was married in 1874, at Oxford Junction ; they have four children — 
 Annie, Linie, Otto and Augusta. Mr. S. now owns, besides the town property, eighty 
 acres in Sec. 29. 
 
 DR. D. E. STREVELLi, dealer in drugs and medicines, Oxford Mills ; 
 born in New York in 1849, and came to Iowa in 1871. He was married, in 1867, to 
 Miss Julia Rorick, of Jones Co., and has one child — George. Politics, Democrat ; 
 religion. Liberal. 
 
 WILLIAM H. THURSTON, carpenter and joiner, Oxford Mills ; was 
 born in New York in 1841 ; came to Jones Co. in 1853; he flirmed until 1861, when 
 he enlisted in the 14th I. V. I., and was mustered out in October, 1864, at Sioux City, 
 Iowa, and returned to Oxford Mills, and is employed a( the mills as carpenter. His 
 wife, Helen Rogers, was born in New York in 1843, and came to Iowa in 1854; was 
 married in 1865 ; they have four children — Fred E., Oscar W., George H. and Clara 
 E. Politics, Republican ; religion. Liberal. He has held the oflSce of Constable three 
 years, and also Deputy Sheriff. 
 
 A. S. TRIMBLE, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Monmouth ; born in Monmouth 
 Township, Jackson Co., in 1854, and came to Jones Co. in 1856; owns forty acres, 
 the old homestead and one of the first settled farms in Jones Co.; the place was bought 
 by his father, now a resident of Jackson Co. His wife, Armenia Kegley, was born in 
 Virginia; came to Iowa in 1851, and settled in Jones Co.; married in 1866, and have 
 two children — James A. and George W. Politics, Republican ; religion, liberal. 
 
OXFORD TOWNSHIP. 597 
 
 FRAXK IVASOBA, farmer, Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in 
 Bohemia in 1832 ; came to America in 1858 ; bought and now owns -435 acres ; made 
 all the improvements and has a fine place. His wife, Elizabeth Nottney, was born in 
 Bohemia; married in 1854; came to America in 1858; have seven children — Annie 
 (now Mrs. Bleasck), Joe, Greorge, Frank, John, Mary and Thressia. In politics. Demo- 
 crat ; in religion, liberal. 
 
 MATES B. WASOBA, farmer. Sec. 11; P. 0. Oxford Junction; born 
 in Europe in 183'J ; came to America in 18(il ; went to Dubuque and remained about 
 four years, and then came to Jones Co. and now owns 130 acres ; has made all the 
 improvements ; was in the army in the old country. His wife. Anna Dushnek, was 
 born in Europe in 1853, and came to xVmerica in 1858; settled in Jones Co.; married 
 in 1866 ; have three children living — Mary, Frank and Francis ; John died July 12, 
 1879. Is Road Supervisor for 1879, and Secretary of School Board; in politics, 
 Democrat; in religion, Catholic. 
 
 J. T. yVHERRY, farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; born in Ohio in 1850 ; 
 came to Iowa in 1855, and owns 184 acres ; his father, Daniel Wherry, was born in Ohio 
 in 1805, and came to Iowa in 1855 and entered 400 acres of land in Clinton Co. ; ia 
 1855, he came to Iowa and bought 200 acres; he died in 1862; his wife, Mary 
 Bratton, was born in Pennsylvania in 1811 ; married in 1832, and have had eleven 
 children — James B., Mary A., Ebenezer D., William, Hannah J., Sarah, Daniel, 
 Martha (died in 1858), John T., Elizabeth (now Mrs. Babcock, of Wyoming); Bell 
 (now Mrs. Paul, of Oxford Junction). 
 
 <^ILBERT WEEKS, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in 
 New York in 1812, and went to Ohio in 1831 and settled in Delaware Co.; remained 
 about twenty years, then, in 1865, came to Iowa and settled in Jones Co.; now owns 
 105 acres, and has made the improvements. His wife, Eunice Grist, was born in Ohio 
 in 1817 ; married in Ohio in 1832, and they have had eleven children, nine living — 
 John, Mirah, Mary, Clark, Malona, Sarah, Annie, Jane, Howard, George and Hiller. 
 Has been School Director, Road Supervisor and Trustee of the Dimond Church. 
 
 B. H. WIGGINS, blacksmith, Oxford Junction ; born in Ohio in 1840, 
 and came to Iowa in the fall of 1860; settled in Tipton, Cedar Co., until 1861, 
 when he enlisted in the 5th I. V. I.; was mustered out in 1866, and returned to 
 Cedar Co. and then to Wyoming in 1867 ; then to Wheatland, and from there to Craw- 
 ford Co., and then returned to Oxford Junction. His wife, Lizzie Organ, was born in 
 Pennsylvania in 1846, and came to Clinton Co. in 1862 ; married in 1868, at Wheat- 
 land, and have four children living — May, Francis, Joe and Maud. In politics, Repub- 
 lican, and liberal in religion. 
 
 WIELIAII WOLF, farmer. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in Hol- 
 stein, Germany, in 1840 ; came to America in 1869, to Clinton Co., and remained until 
 1873, then came to Chicago, and stayed until 1874; then went to Jones Co., and now 
 owns eighty acres. His wife, Charlotte Boro, was born in Pru.ssia in 1825 ; came to 
 America in 1869; married in 1871, and have four children — Minnie, JCmma, Henry 
 and Mary. In reliaion, Lutheran. 
 
 ALBERT" WOODRASK A, farmer. Sec. 23; P. 0. Oxford Junction; 
 born in Bohemia in 1824; came to America in 1853, and settled in Ohio, and stayed 
 one year, and then came to Rock Island, 111.; and then to Davenport ; then to Moscow, 
 Cedar Co., Iowa ; stayed two years ; then to Jackson Co., and remained six years ; then 
 to Jones Co., and has 160 acres, and made all the improvements. His wife, Mary 
 Passinger, was born in Bohemia, in 1830. Married in 1849, and have four children — 
 Albert, Joseph, Mary, Annie was kicked by a horse and instantly killed about one year 
 ago. Democrat in politics ; liberal in religion. 
 
 VINCEXT ZELL.ERS, farmer. Sec. 17; P. 0. Oxford Junction; born 
 in Bavaria, in 1824 ; came to America in 1853, and settled in Cincinnati in 1854 ; and 
 then to St. Louis in 1854; then to Keokuk, Iowa, until 1860 ; then to Jones Co., and 
 now owns 120 acres. He made all the improvements on the place ; has a fine house 
 and barn. His wife, EUza Wolf, was born in Germany, at Wurtemberg. in 1829 ; came 
 
698 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 to America in 1841), and to Iowa in 1860. Married in 1855; have four children — 
 Magdalene (died in 1858), Tomi (died in 1871), Vincent (died in 1871), Joseph (now 
 living at home). 
 
 WYOMING TOWNSHIP. 
 
 REV. O. E. ALDRICH, County Superintendent of Schools, Wyom- 
 ing ; burn Oct. 2!), 1825, in Orleans Co., N. Y. ; when about -4 years of age, came to 
 Madison Co., Ohio, with his parents. After attending the Brooklin Academy four terms, 
 he attended the Geauga Seminary about five years ; he then traveled as a home mission- 
 ary, and graduated in Granville College, Ohio; received the degree of A. M. Previous 
 to this he had taught a select school, and was Principal of an academy. He is a Free- 
 Will Baptist, having preached seven years in Spencer, Madi.son Co. In 1857, he came 
 to Jones Co., and improved a farm of IGO acres. He preached at Central City, Iowa, 
 about five years, and erected a very fine church edifice here ; he also raised a Church at 
 Clay, Scotch Grove, Hale and Waubeck. He baptized eighty members in one year in 
 Hale, where he was also Pastor. He was appointed in 1874 to fill the vacancy as 
 County Superintendent of Schools ; afterward elected to this position, which he now 
 holds. Married Emma Post in 1851 ; she was born in 1828, in Oneida Co., N. Y. ; 
 have three children — Adaline J. (now Mrs. Gilbert), Jennie B. and Lillie May. Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 A. E. ALiLiEX, stock-dealer, Wyoming; was born Oct. 5, 1838, in Rutland 
 Co., Vt.; in 1857, he came to Jackson Co ; the following year to Wyoming. He 
 enlisted in 1802, in Co. K, 24th I. Y. I.; was discharged on account of sickness in 
 1863. H(; is one of the oldest stock-dealers in Jones Co. Married Mary M. Gilbert 
 Jan. 25, 1864; she was born April 7, 1844; died June 24, 1873; have three sons — 
 Charles F., Frank D. and Horace W. Second marriage to Catharine Knight Nov. 7, 
 1875 ; she wis born Feb. 16, 1858 ; died Feb. 20, 187U ; have one child — Emma Kate. 
 Republican. 
 
 COTTRILL BABCOCK, firmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Wyoming; born Jan. 
 22, 1816, in Rensselaer Co., N. Y.; in 1859, he came to Jones Co. He owns eighty- 
 three acres of land. Married Martha L. Armstrong in 1838; she was born in 1822, 
 in Rensselaer Co., N. Y.; died in 1861 ; have six children — Edgar, C. H., E. M., 
 Romine E., Herbert C. and Alice. Second marriage to Mrs. Robin.son in 1864 ; she 
 was born in Chenango Co., N. Y. Edgar enlisted in 1862, in Co. K, 24th I. Y. I.; 
 served about two years; was discharged on account of physical disability: Republican. 
 M. E. Church. 
 
 JOSHUA J. BENDER, blacksmith, Wynming; born June 15. 1844, in 
 Columbia Co., Penn.; in 1846, came with his parents to Ohio ; in 1850, to Illinois ; in 
 1851, tu Jackson Co., and in 1852, he removed to Jones Co.; he owns his shop and 
 property in town ; his father entered 240 acres of land in Madi.son Township, and after- 
 ward Sold to S. W. Johnson. He married Luella M. Arnold in 1864; she was born 
 in 1847, in New York, and died in 1870 ; have two children — Celiny C. and Harman 
 J. ; his second marriage was to Mrs. Ann E. Bender in 1871 ; she was born in New 
 York ; they have one child — Laura E. ; she has three children by her former marriage 
 — Wm. R., Lulu and Thomas. Republican. 
 
 J. A. BLAKEL.Y% farmer, Sec. 19; P. 0. Wyoming; born Sept. 16, 
 1828, in Genesee Co., N. Y. ; in 1856, he came to Jones Co. ; he owns 202 acres of 
 land ; has been Justice of the Peace, Township Trui^tee, etc. He married Caroline R. 
 Curti.-s in 1858 ; she was born in New York; they have two children — Hattie M. and 
 Ward H. Deniocnit ; number of the 31. K. Church. 
 
 I>R. P. R. BRADSHAW, dentist, office opposite First National Bank, 
 Wyoming; was born Sept. 18, 1842, in Delaware Co., Ind. ; in 1846, he came with his 
 
WYOMING TOWNSHIP. 599 
 
 parents to Cedar Co., Iowa; he commenced the study of dentistry with Dr. P. T. 
 Smith, of Burlington, Iowa, in 18G7 ; has been in practice since 1868 ; he removed to 
 Wyoming in 1870. He enlisted in 1861, in Co. E, 11th I. V. I., and served to the 
 end of the war ; he participated in the battles of Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, Vicks- 
 burg, Atlanta, Savannah and others. He married Miss Susan Zimmerman Sept. 29, 
 1870 ; she was born in Lancaster Co., Penn., in 1847 ; they have five children — Jessie 
 Lee, Edna May, Wayland C, Duane F. and Susannah. Republican; member of the 
 M. E. Church. 
 
 W. J. BRAI^EVARD, Wyoming; was born Sept. 14,1828, in Medina Co., 
 Ohio ; in 1854, he came to Wyoming ; he has been engaged in merchandising here 
 about fourteen years. He married Jane H. Cady June 29, 1856 ; she was born in 
 Lamoille Co., Vt., in 1840 ; they have three children — Sterling, Stanley and Harriet. 
 Democrat ; ^lethodist. 
 
 HOORE BRIGGN, fl^rmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Wyoming; was born May 31, 
 1832, in Somerset, Ohio; Nov. 1, 1856, he came to Wyoming; owns 160 acres 
 of land. He enlisted in 1862, in Co. H, 31st T. V. I., and served to the end of the 
 war. He was Postmaster at Wyoming about two -years; resigned in 1870. Married 
 Miss Huldah M. Oviatt in 1855 ; she was born May 9, 1836, in Goshen, Litchfield 
 Co., Conn., and di<>.d Sept. 20, 1878 ; he has four children— Clara A., Willie E., Wal- 
 ter H, and Lena A.; lost Gertie L., aged 18 months. Republican; member of Pres- 
 byterian Church. 
 
 JAMEN A. BRONSON, the founder of Wyoming, Jones Co., Iowa ; was 
 born Jan. 25, 1825, in Arcadia, Wayne Co., N. Y. ; he is the son of Thomas Bronson 
 and Nellie A. Calkins ; his father was son of Capt. Ezra Bronson, of Danbury, Conn., 
 and was born in 1793, at the old Bronson homestead in Danbury; his mother was a 
 native of Putnam Co., N. Y., and was born in 1794 ; he was a local preacher in the M, 
 E. Church, and carried on a small farm ; he was a man of rare probity and deep piety, 
 a good neighbor, kind flither and useful citizen ; his wife, now living, was his worthy 
 helpmeet for nearly half a century. The subject of this sketch has two brothers — 
 Samuel M., who is a M. E. clergyman, and now laboring in Minnesota; Bushnell K. 
 is a retired merchant, and is living near his farm in Floyd, Iowa. James A. Bronson 
 spent his youth and early manhood amid rural scenes and the rugged duties of farm 
 life; when 11 years of age, he, with his parents, removed to Genesee Co., where he 
 remained until 1852 ; the county was soon afterward divided, and his hoiiie was 
 thereby located in the new county of Wyoming, in memory of which this city, his 
 Western home, was christened. On the 1st day of January, 1852, at East Pike, 
 Wyoming Co., N. Y., he was married to Miss Henrietta Sartwell, who died at Maquo- 
 keta, Iowa, Nov. 25, 1854, leaving one child— Charles S., who died March 4, 1860. 
 Mr. Bronson's first mercantile venture was in 1852, at Belfast, Allegany Co., N. Y., 
 where he continued about two years, until his removal to Iowa; in 1855, he laid out 
 the town of Wyoming, Jones Co., in connection with his brother, B. K. Bronson, and 
 C. J. Marsh, both of whom subsequently withdrew from the enterprise, which he car- 
 ried on, singiehanded, with energy and ability ; he immediately built a store, and began 
 the foundation of his present extensive establishment, which comprises all departments 
 of mercantile business ; he has been active and liberal in securing railroad facilities, and 
 in promoting all other public improvements ; he was appointed the first Postmaster of 
 the town, and retained the position many years. He was married at Binghamton, N. Y., 
 Dec. 5, 1860, to Miss Jennie Van Benschoten, who died June 4, 1868, leaving three 
 children— John Dillon, born Aug. 27, 1863 ; Arthur J., born Aug. 16, 1866, and 
 Ralph E., born Feb. 26, 1868, who died Sept. 4, 1868. Mr. Bronson has been a 
 member of the School Board many years ; has held the various town,ship offices and 
 the mayoralty of Wyoming, but has never sought or desired political preferment. He 
 is a consistent Republican, and, during the rebellion, was a liberal supporter of all 
 measures necessary for the defense of the nation and perpetuity of the Union, and he 
 had occasion to decline honorable positions in the service of the United States Govern- 
 ment. On the 20th of April, 1871, at Mount Vernon, Iowa, he was married to Miss 
 
600 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Mary Camp, who died Oct. 31, 1877, leaving two children — Rowcna Eloise, born May 
 31, 1873, and George G., born Nov. 30, 1874. His oldest son, John Dillon, is in Cor- 
 nell College, at Mount Vernon, Iowa ; the other three children are at home. Mr. 
 Bronson is still the largest real-estate owner within the city limits. Since 1855. Mr. 
 Bronson has been actively identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church ; is present 
 Superintendent of the Sabbath school, and several church edifices bear testimony to 
 his liberality ; he is a Director in the bank, and he is considered a safe counselor in all 
 financial enterprises ; honorable and social, with a spotless record, he stands a true rep- 
 resentative of the successful man. 
 
 JOHK BYERL.Y% farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Onslow ; born Aug. 25, 1825, in 
 Mercer Co., Penn. ; March IG, 18G5, he came to Jones Co.; he owns 185 acres land. 
 Married Catharine Klinginsmith June 1, 1850 ; she was born in March, 1828, in Mer- 
 cer Co., Penn. ; had seven children, six living — Florence, Elizabeth, Franklin P., Ida 
 B., John H. and Emma J. ; lost Mary E. in 1873, aged 22 years ; member of Christian 
 Church. 
 
 E. W. CADY, gardener, Wyoming; he was born Jan. 26, 1813, in Wash- 
 ington Co., Vt.; in 1840, came to Ohio; in 1846, to Illinois; in 1854, he came to 
 Wyoming ; he owns his house and one and a half acres of land, which is used for 
 gardening purposes. Has been Township Trustee and As.sessor. Married Harriet 
 Lyman in 1839; she was born in 1811, in Windsor Co., Vt.; have four children — 
 Harriet J., Martha A., Lyman E.and Laura E.; Henry enlisted in 1862, in Co. K, 24th 
 I. V. I; was drowned at JacLson, Miss., in July, 1863. Lost Mary A., aged 17 years. 
 Republican ; M. E. Church. 
 
 31. H. CALKIXS, m. D., the first physician in Wyoming, Iowa ; was born 
 Sept. 15, 1828, at Mexico, Oswego Co., N. Y.; his grandfather, James Calkins, was 
 from Sharon, Conn.; his father, John Calkins, was born in Eastern New York in 1802, 
 and, when a boy, moved with his parents to Oneida Co., N. Y., where he afterward 
 married Caroline Halbert, daughter of Asa Halbert, of the same county ; he soon after 
 located in Oswego Co., and engaged in farming for half a century, and died at the age 
 of 72 years, in 1874; his widow then came to Wyoming, where she now lives at an 
 advanced age. Dr. Calkins, the subject of this sketch, attended the district schools of 
 his neighborhood, and taught school in the town of Mexico and city of Oswego, from 
 the age of 17 to 24, and during that time studied medicine with Drs. Bowen & Dayton, 
 of his native town. He attended one course of lectures at Geneva, N. Y., and one at 
 the University of New York City ; he commenced the practice of medicine in the spring 
 of 1853, at Constantia, Oswego Co., and, after a short time, removed to North Bay, 
 Oneida Co., where he was married, Nov. 8, 1855, to Miss Lucinda Louden, daughter 
 of Charles Louden. In the spring of 1856, he came West, and, June 14, he located 
 v.t Wyoming, Jones Co., Iowa, where he has since resided; he has a large practice in 
 the city and surrounding country, which, with the superintendency of his farms, makes 
 his life one of constant activity ; for some time he was engaged in the drug trade ; in 
 1868, he received the honorary degree of " M. D." from the L'niversity of Iowa ; in 
 1862 and 1863, he was one of the State .Commissioners to take the vote of soldiers in 
 the field, and, in that capacity, traveled 3,000 miles ; he was the first Mayor of Wyom- 
 ing, being the union candidate of all parties ; he has no taste for political office. He 
 has two daughters — Elva T., born Nov. 15, 1861, and May A., born Dec. 13, 1865; 
 both of these girls are now attending Mount Carroll Seminary, Illinois ; the.se girls 
 have neither uncles, aunts or cousins, an unusual circumstance. Politii ally, the Doctor 
 was a Democrat until the commencement of the rebellion, from which date he has been 
 a loyal Union Republican. His wife is an acceptable member of the Presbyterian 
 Church, but the Doctor is an " outside member of all the churches, in (/ood standing." 
 He is standard historical authority in this vicinity, and wields a ready pen on general 
 topics. Anniversaries and social gatherings, without the Doctor, would be devoid of a 
 large element of success. Professionally, competent and f;\ithful ; financially, responsi- 
 ble and liberal ; socially, genial and witty ; personally, solid and reliable. The Doctor 
 is highly valued as a citizen, a physician, and a friend. 
 
WYOMING TOWNSHIP. 601 
 
 E. B. CHAMPIilST, school-teacher and farmer ; P. 0. Wyoming ; he was. 
 born Oct. 27, 1837, in Schoharie Co., N. Y.; in 1847, he came to Ohio ; in 1868, to 
 Wyomino; ; he owns 110 acres of land ; he commenced teaching school in Ohio in 
 1868, and has been engaged in this work ever since ; teaches now in winters only ; he 
 was elected County Superintendent of Schools for this county in 1872 ; held this office 
 two years. He was married, Oct. 27, 1867, to Miss Amelia L., daughter of Rev. J. L. 
 Janes, of Chester, Ohio ; she was born in Chenango Co., N. Y., May 8, 1843 ; her 
 father was Pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Guilford, N. Y., sixteen years ; he 
 removed to Jones Co. in 1868 ; was Pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Wyoming ; 
 he died Oct. 5, 1872. Mrs. Champlin graduated in 1863, at the Lake Erie Seminary, 
 Painesville, Ohio ; she was appointed Preceptress in the Academy at Norwich, N. Y.; 
 held this position one year; she has taught in graded schools both before and after mar- 
 riage, and has been engaged in this work about fifteen years ; her name has been used 
 as a candidate for Superintendent of Schools for this county fur 1879. They have four 
 children — Allie J., George L., John E. and Justus J. Republican ; members of the 
 Presbyterian Church. 
 
 SAMUEIi CONAL,l,Y, farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Onslow ; born May 27, 
 1789, in Hunterdon Co., N. J.; when about 10 years of age, he came with his parents 
 to Virginia; at the breaking-out of the war of 1812, he enlisted as a private under 
 Capt. Post; afterward transferred to Capt. Paxton's command of the 12th Regt.; served 
 through the war, for which he received a pension of §8 per month ; in 1851, he came 
 to Jones Co.; he owns 133 acres of land. Married Mary Ferguson in 1826 ; she was 
 born in Pennsylvania Sept. 30, 1806; they have six children — Ferguson, Samuel, Susan, 
 Lana Ann, Mary Ann and Julia Ann. He was the first County Superintendent of 
 Jones Co. Democrat. 
 
 O. E. COUNTRYMAN, farmer. Sec. 32; P. 0. Wyoming; born May 21, 
 1853, in Wyoming Township ; he now owns and lives upon the farm .settled on by his 
 father in 1853, consisting of 140 acres of land His father died in 1866, aged 45 years ; 
 he opened the first grocery store in Wyoming ; continued it several years. 0. E. Coun- 
 tryman was married, in January, 1873, to Miss Emma McCue ; she was born in Penn- 
 sylvania; have one child— Bertie. 
 
 WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, attorney at law, office in Williams' Block, 
 Wyoming ; born March 24, 1846, in Broome Co., N. Y.; in 1864, came to Wyoming; 
 he commenced the study of law in 1867 ; was admitted in 1870 ; he has been in con- 
 stant practice since. Married Mi.ss Lucy Witter, in October, 1875 ; he was born in 
 Willoutrhby, Ohio ; have two children — Park and William. Democrat. 
 
 ELIJAH EDWARHS, farmer, Sec. 13; P.O.Monmouth; born Nov. 4, 
 1819, in Pennsylvania; when a child, he came with his parents to Ohio; in 1842, he 
 came to Jackson Co.; in 1848, he removed to Jones Co.; he owns 280 acres of land. 
 Married Elizabeth Streets in 1848 ; she was born in 1830, in Ohio ; have seven children 
 — Eli, Israel, Tolbert, John, Lydia, Adelia and Ellen. Democrat. 
 
 F. O. ELLISON, attorney at law, office in Williams' Block, Wyoming ; 
 was born in 1853, in New York City; in 1871, came to Iowa; commenced the study 
 of law with Todhunter & Williamson, at Indianola, Iowa; was admitted in 1873; has 
 been practicing since. Married Miss A. E. McCutcheon in 1875 •,. she was born in 
 Peoria, 111.; have one child — Clifford W. Republican. 
 
 S. G. FRANKS, farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; he was born Feb. 4, 
 1844, in Cascade, Jones Co., Iowa; his parents emigrated to this county in 1841, from 
 Ohio; his father died May 14, 1878, aged 60 years. He owns forty acres of land 
 adjoining the town of Wyoming. Married Miss H. J. Litton in 1868; she was born 
 in 1849; her parents came to Dubuque Co. in 1836, and are living in Prairie Creek 
 Township ; they have five children — Fannie, Sadie, John, Ida and Katie. Detnocrat. 
 
 RUSSEL GILBERT, of the firm of Gilbert & Fordham, general hard- 
 ware, Wyoming ; he was born in 1819, in Onondaga Co., N. Y. ; in 1829, came to 
 Ohio; in 1849, to Pennsylvania; in 1856, he came to Wyoming and opened the first 
 general stock of merchandise here; in 1871, the firm changed to Gilbert & Fordham^ 
 
602 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 and still continues. Married Susan Wilkins in 1840 ; she was born Aug. 20, 1820, in 
 Vermont ; have four children — Lucy (now Mrs. Bratton), Truman, Chauncey and 
 Sarah. Republican ; member of the M. E. Church. 
 
 JOHX R. CirR AFT, proprietor Wyoming Creamery ; he was born July 
 11, 1851, in Kome Township; in 1874, he removed to Wyoming; he has been 
 engaged in farming and poultry business for several years past ; commenced his cream- 
 ery in 1879. Married Victoria Woodyard in 1875; she was born in Ohio; have two 
 children — Ora Belle and Jay Lee. Republican ; member of the M. E. Church. 
 
 C. B. HOPKINS, farmer, Sec. 22; P. 0. Wyoming; born April 9, 1829, 
 in W^est Greenwich. R. I.; in 1833, he came with his parents to Pennsylvania; in 
 1869, he came to Jones Co. ; in 1877, he removed to his present farm ; owns eighty 
 acres land. Married Samira G. Tubbs in 1853 ; she was born in New York ; have 
 eight children — Seth W., Verna E., Franklin D., Carlos J.. Fred, Ada, Effie and Lil- 
 lie. Enlisted, in 1861, in Co. H, 58th Penn. V. I. ; was discharged in 1863, on 
 account of physical disability. Republican ; has been for the past twenty-five years a 
 member of the M. E. Church, and has always taken an active part in church man- 
 agement. 
 
 L. HOYER, livery, Wyoming ; born Nov. 9, 1838, in Herkimer Co., X. 
 Y.; in 1861, he came to Iowa ; in 1868, he removed to Jones Co.; engaged in farming 
 till 1869, when he came to W3'oming and commenced livery. Married Miss Hannah 
 T. Hutchins in 1856 ; she was born in Watertown, N. Y.; have three children — George 
 C, Hattie May and Cora Belle. Democrat. 
 
 J. E. HUNTER, Wyoming ; was born Jan. 7, 1821, in Cuyahoga Co., Ohio ; 
 in 18-43, he came to Illinois ; in 1858, removed to Iowa; in 1866, he came to Jones 
 Co. He owns his house, with four lots. His time is entirely devoted to bee culture, 
 and carries on this business more extensively than any other in the county. During 
 the late war, he was employed in the Quarterma.sters' Department at Davenport. Mar- 
 ried Miss L. A. Alexander May 29, 1844; .she was born in July, 1826, in St. Clair 
 Co., 111.; have two children — Belle and Mary. 
 
 N. W. HUTUHINS, attorney at law ; office over post office, Wyoming ; 
 was born in 1831. in Herkimer Co., N. Y.; in 1851, he commenced reading law with 
 Moore, Brown & Beach, in Watertown, N. Y.; was admitted in February, 1853. He 
 then went to China and Australia ; remained abroad till 1871, when he returned to 
 Jackson Co. Has been in practice since 1874. Married Sarah J. Smith May 24, 
 1861 ; she was born in Australia ; have seven children — Esther J., Alice V., Albert V., 
 Lizzie. Flora, Gertrude and Laura. Democrat. 
 
 JOHN q. JENKINS, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. O. Monmouth ; born Sept. 19, 
 1819, in Warren Co., N. Y.; in 1836, came to Michigan ; in 1846, to Clinton Co., 
 Iowa, in 1877, he removed to Jones Co.; owns 200 acres of land. Married Caroline 
 M. Hoisington in 1843; she was born in 1825, in Chautauqua Co., N. Y.; have one 
 child — Frank P.; their son, Alex. F., died Oct. 14, 1878, from a wound received from 
 a buckle-tongue piercing his hand at the thumb socket ; he lived about one week after 
 the accident. He leaves a widow and five children. Republican. 
 
 C. H. JOHNSON, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; born March 15, 1841, 
 in Chautauqua Co., N. Y.; in 1856, came to Wyoming. He owns 120 acres of land. 
 In 1862, he entered Co. K, 24th I. V. I.; served to the end of the war; participated in 
 the battles of Pert Gibson, Champion Hill, Vicksburg, Sabine Cross Roads, and others. 
 Married Josephine Bennett Dec. 25, 1868 ; she was born in Michigan ; they have three 
 children — Minnie B., Fred H. and George C. Republican ; member of the M. E. 
 Church. 
 
 ORLANOO JOHNSTON, live stock and grain-dealer, Onslow ; born May 
 3, 1857, in Mercer Co., Penn.; in 1859, came to Bellevue, Iowa ; thence to Maquoketa ; 
 in 1877, he removed to Onslow. He owns eighty acres of land in Wyoming Township. 
 His ftither died in Bellevue in 1867, aged 43 years. 
 
 JOHN E. KEWIiEY, farmer. Sec. 33; P. 0. Wyoming; born Nov. 15, 
 1826, in Wythe Co , Va.; in 1852, came to Jackson Co.; in 1867, he removed to his 
 
WYOMING TOWNSHIP. 603 
 
 present farm; owns 215 acres of land. Married Sarah J. Ward in September, 1852 ; 
 she was born in Wythe Co., Va.; have seven children — Florence (now Mrs. Babcock), 
 Alice V. (now Mrs. Trimble), John W., Eltha E., Organ M., Gertrude and James Va. 
 Republican. ^Member of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 J. W. KEGIiEY, farmer. Sec. 24; P. 0. Monmouth ; born Dec. 15,1828, 
 in Wythe Co., Va.; in 1856, he came to Jackson Co.; in 1858, he removed to his 
 present farm. He owns 200 acres of land, which he entered, and is now oneof the best- 
 improved farms in the township. Married Miss E. A. Wyrick in March, 1855 ; she 
 was born in Wythe Co., Va.; have six children — America 0., George E., Cephas B., 
 Catharine M., Eva Y. and Eddie C. Republican; members of the Lutheran 
 Church. 
 
 JAMES KIRKPATRICK, Onslow; he was born in December, 1821, 
 in Ireland; in 1847, he came to Orange Co., N. Y. ; in 1853, he came to Jones Co.; 
 he owns his residence in town, also owns and attends the town scales. Married Jane 
 Barclay in 1853 ; she was born in Ireland. 
 
 JAMEN L.EVI, farmer. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Wyoming; born July 2, 1823, in 
 Forfarshire, Scotland ; in 1848, he came to Canada ; in 1852, to Indiana ; in 1869, he 
 removed to Jones Co.; he owns 170 acres of land. Married Ellen Hardy in 1844 ; 
 she was born in Forfarshire, Scotland ; have eleven children — Susan, James, Margaret, 
 Jane, George, David, William, Samuel, Frank, Oliver and Charles. James enlisted in 
 1861; served three months; he re-enlisted in 1864; served to the end of the war. 
 Republican ; LTnited Presbyterian Church. 
 
 CAPT. AARON M. I.OOMIS, merchant, of Wyoming, Jones Co, 
 Iowa; was born in Rodman, Jeiferson Co., N. Y.,on the 30th of April, 1831; his 
 father. Milo Loomis, was born in the same county, so also was his mother, Lucy A. 
 Greenley, who was the daughter of Esquire Greenley, a prominent land-owner in the 
 same county. The subject of this sketch has three brothers and sisters now living — T. 
 G. Loomis is a successful merchant and farmer in Ohio ; M. B. Loomis is County 
 Judge in Chicago ; F. R. Loomis is editor of the Medina Gazette, in Ohio ; has been 
 a member of the State Legislature, and is now President of the Ohio State Sunday 
 School Association ; Sarah J. Loomis is the wife of S. L. Dyer, a County Auditor in 
 Ohio ; Ruth A. Loomis married S. J. Tourtellot, who is in business in Iowa. The 
 father, Milo L., was for many years a Congregationalist Deacon, and was quite popular 
 in his locality ; he was a mechanic, also a music teacher ; at time of his death, he 
 was executor of eighteen estates, and the guardian of thirty-six minor children ; he 
 wai devoted to his family and to the Church ; he made his home attractive, entering 
 heartily into childhood's experiences, and he was a self-sacrificing burden-bearer for the 
 Church of his choice ; he was the counselor and helper of all in need — was a Christian 
 man. His life-companion was in full sympathy with his life-work, and, after nearly 
 thirty years of joint pilgrimage, he preceded her but a month in his entrance into the 
 promised land. The subject of this sketch, when 2 years of age, came, with his 
 parents, to Medina Co., Ohio, where he remained until 1856. In March, 1852, he 
 married Mi>s Jane Briggs, of the same county. They removed to Wyoming, Iowa, in 
 1856, with one daughter, Josephine, who died at the age of 12; they had two children 
 after coming West — Jesse Fremont and Finney. Mrs. Jane Loomis died in 1867. Mr. 
 Loomis refrained from entering the United States Service until 1862, on account of 
 pecuniary circumstances. He enlisted Aug. 9, 1862, as a private, but at the company 
 election, held on the 20th of August, he was elected Second Lieutenant, and his com- 
 mission bears that date; he, with his comrades, was mustered into the .service Sept. 18, 
 1862, as Co. K, of the 24th I. V. I.; he served under Grant in the siege and cap- 
 ture of Vicksburg, and, on the 11th of June, 1863, was promoted to the First Lieuten- 
 ancy ; he was in the Red River expedition, under Banks, and with Sheridan in the 
 Shenandoah Valley ; on the 21st of July, 1864, he was promoted to the Captaincy 
 of his original company, and continued in command until the clo.«e of the war, and his 
 mustering-out, August, 1865. In autumn of 1866, as a member of the firm of Ford- 
 ham & Co., he began the mercantile business, and the management of a large stock 
 
604 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 farm; this partnersnip cuntinued until 1869, when he became proprietor of tne mer- 
 cantile interests, with A. E. Spitzer as partner; they were successful, and the enlarged 
 business was afterward divided, and Mr. Loomis is now sole manager and proprietor of 
 the dry goods and grocery departments. He was married, on the 9th of August, 1868, 
 to Miss Alice Spitzer ; they have three children — Mabel Ina, Milo Mason and Arthur, 
 all of whom are now living, except Arthur. Ever since the formation of the Repub- 
 lican party, Mr. Loomis has been a reliable Republican ; he is an active worker in 
 the Presbyterian Church, and is a friend of all moral and social reforms. He is a 
 leading merchant of Wyoming, and enjoys the respect and confidence of his fellow- 
 citizens. 
 
 RICHARD LUNN, farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Wyoming; born Aug. 6, 1818, 
 in Lincolnshire, England; Aug. '1, 1837, he came to New York; Nov. 15, 1837, he 
 came to Cleveland, Ohio ; engaged as a carriage-driver ; he then removed to Strong-s- 
 ville, Ohio, and engaged in farming ; June 28, 1858, he came to Jones Co., Iowa ; he 
 owns 400 acres of land. Married Miss H. S. Aldrich Nov. 11, 1845; she was born 
 March 2, 1816, in Ontario Co., N. Y. ; had five children, two living — Martin A. and 
 Hannah (now Mrs. Henderson), now living in Jasper Co. Has been Township Treas- 
 urer about seven years. Republican ; Presbyterian Church. 
 
 WILLIAM H. MALLICOUt, farmer. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; born 
 Nov. 25, 1852, in Washington Co., Ind.; in 1868, came to Muscatine Co., Iowa ; in 
 1876, he removed to his present farm; he owns 165 acres of land. Married Savilla 
 Guthrie in 1873 ; she was born in Ohio ; have two children — Rollie and Carrie. Dem- 
 ocrat. 
 
 T. R. MARSHALL, agent of the Racine and Southwestern Division of the 
 Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., Wyoming; was born in 1835 in Rockingham Co., N. H.; 
 in about 1850 he came to Massachusetts, and since this time has been engaged in the 
 railroad business ; in 1872, he came to Wyoming and to his present position. He 
 enlisted in 1862, in (^o. A, 121st Ohio V. I., as private ; was promoted to First Lieu- 
 tenant in June, 1863; was mustered out in February, 1864, on account of a wound 
 received in the ankle-joint in September, 1863. Married Miss Hattie E. Woodward in 
 1866; she was born in New Hampshire; have one child — Edward Woodward. 
 
 JOHX T. MILLER, former. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; born Dec. 6, 
 1818, in Montgomery Co., Ohio; when a boy, he came with his parents to Fountain 
 Co., Ind.; in 1853, he came to Wyoming. He owns 120 acres of land. Married 
 Charlotte Morris April 5, 1837 ; she was born Aug. 26, 1810, in Pickaway Co., Ohio; 
 had nine children, seven of whom are living — Sarah J., Emiline and Adaline (twins), 
 R. R., Minerva, Florence and Ruth. Republican. 
 
 JOH^ MORSE, farmer. Sec. 23 ; P. O. Wyoming; born April 16, 1806, 
 in Bradford, N. H.; in 1854, he came to Jackson Co.; in 1856, removed to Jones Co. 
 AVhen leaving New Hampshire, he bought a draft for S2, 150 ; the bank issuing the 
 draft failed soon after, leaving Mr. Morse penniless on arriving at his new home, but 
 by strict attention to business, he has ac(|uired a competency; he and his son now own 
 200 acres of land, well improved ; the land he entered from the Government. He 
 married Miss Phebe B. Flint in 1834; she was born in New Hampshire; have two 
 children — Abigail i\L and Mark H. Mark enlisted in 1862 ; served to the end of the 
 war, and now draws a pension on account of his eyes being injured in the service. 
 Republican ; Presbyterian. 
 
 ELI B. jVIMS, deceased ; was born Dec. 17, 1813, in Jefferson Co., N. Y.; in 
 1853, he came to Jones Co. Died Jan. 12, 1861. He married Miss Emily C. Brain- 
 ard Oct. 10, 1843; she was born in Medina Co., Ohio, Aug. 5, 1822 ; they had nine 
 children, six of whom are living — Dwight B., J. W., William A., Eddie, Ida A. and 
 Ada PI Mrs. Nims owns 160 acres of land; her son William A. manages this farm; 
 hi! married Miss Martha Smith Nov. 27, 1873; she was born in Grant Co., Ind.; came 
 to Jones Co. with her parents when an infant ; they have three children — Myrtie A., 
 Laura E. and Eli S.; live on Sec. 16; P. 0. Wyoming. Family attend the M. E. 
 Church. 
 
WYOMING TOWNSHIP. 605 
 
 P. E. OLiMSTKD, carriage and wagon manufacturing, Wyoming ; was born 
 in IS-tG in New York; in 18-I-7, came to La Salle Co., 111., with his parents ; he com- 
 menced to learn this trade with his father when a boy, and has followed it since. He 
 enlisted in 1864 in Co. I, 53d 111. V. I., and served to the end of the war. In 1866, 
 he came to Iowa and continued this business ; he employs from ten to twelve men con- 
 stantly, and is the largest business of this kind in the county. Married Nettie Cherry 
 in November, 1866 ; she was born in La Salle Co., 111.; have five children — Charlie, 
 Adelbert, Mertie, Nettie and Eddie. Republican. 
 
 JOHN PAUL., farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Onslow ; born Nov. 27, 1818, in 
 Columbiana Co., Ohio ; in the fall of 185-1, he came to Jones Co. They own 440 acres 
 of land. Married Margaret McCready Dec. 10, 1839; she was born May 16, 1816, 
 in Columbiana Co., Ohio ; have eight children — Sarah E. (now Mrs. Woodyardj, 
 Henry F., Joseph M., William C., John T., K. H., Lawrence and George B. Mr. 
 Paul was President of the tirst Township Board ; is now Justice of the Peace. His 
 son Henry F. enlisted in 1863 in Co. K, 24th I. V. I., and till the end of the war ; he 
 was taken prisoner Oct. 19, 1864, at the battle of Cedar Creek, Va.; was released in 
 February, 1865. Republican; Presbyterian. 
 
 JOHM K. PIXL.EY% cashier of the First National Bank of Wyoming; 
 was born Feb. 28. 1828, at Pierraont, N. H.; he is the son of Dr. Alfred Pisley and 
 Eliza L. Kimball; Dr. Pixley died at Enosburg, Vt., in 1863, and his widow still 
 resides at the old homestead. John K. is one of a family of eight children, six of 
 whom are now dead. His brother, Lieut. Charles H. Pixley, of the 1st Vt. V. C, was 
 drowned in 1863 while heroically endeavoring to ford a stream in the discharge of his 
 military duty. John K., the subject of this sketch, was married Sept. 12, 1855, at 
 Poultney, Vt., to Miss Sarah Augusta Hooker, daughter of S. P. Hooker, who is a 
 descendant of Rev. Thomas Hooker, D. D., who was born in England in 1586, and 
 was one of the founders of the Connecticut Colony ; they have three children — Mary 
 E., born May 7, 1860; Anna H., Jan. 29, 1863, and Charles H., Feb. 25, 1871. 
 From the age of 16, when he left his father's home, he has been in constant employ- 
 ment ; a portion of the time, he was general ticket agent and paymaster of the Troy 
 & Boston Railroad; afterward, acted as teller of the bank at Poultney, Vt., and then 
 as cashier of the First National Bank at Sandy Hill, N. Y., for four years ; at the 
 formation of the First National Bank of Wyoming, Iowa, in 1872, he came West and 
 took charge of the same as cashier, which position he still occupies. Since 1355, he 
 has been an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; for twenty-five years, 
 he has been a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows ; he is also a member 
 of the Ancient Order of United Workmen ; he has been an earnest, active Republican 
 ever since the formation of the Republican party, but has never held a political office ; 
 he has been a member of the Board of Education in this city, and for several years has 
 been on the Board of Trustees of Cornell College, at Mount Vernon, Iowa. Mr. Pixley 
 is a man of strong convictions of duty, and adheres to his purposes, whether he win 
 smiles or frowns; he is public-spirited, and seeks the development and prosjjerity of the 
 city, both financially and morally ; he is the friend and supporter of all causes which 
 tend to the improvement of society ; with a high sense of honor, a kind heart and a 
 generous hand, he is valued as one of the reliable, substantial citizens of Wyoming. 
 The First National Bank of Wyoming, of which he has been the only cashier, was 
 organized Jan. 26, 1872, by F. D. Hodgeman, of Fort Edward, N. Y., a prominent 
 capitalist and philanthropist, and by Wallace T. Foote, a wealthy capitalist and iron- 
 manufacturer, of Port Henry, N. Y.; they came West in 1871, and selected this city 
 in which to locate a national bank. The present officers of the Bank are : President, 
 Wallace T. Foote, Port Henry, N. Y.; Vice President, James A. Brunson, Wyoujing, 
 Iowa ; Cashier, John K. Pixley, Wyoming, Iowa ; Teller, George Gilbert, Jr., Wyom- 
 ming, Iowa ; Directors — W. T. Foote, Joseph E. King, James A. Brunson, J. B. 
 Wherry, J. W. Wherry, Thomas Green, F. H. Foote and J. K. Pixley; capital, 
 $50,000 ; Bank Attorney, W. J. Chamberlain, Wyoming, Iowa. One-half of the bank 
 stock is owned bv the widow of F. D. Hodgeman, who devotes her entire income to 
 
606 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 benevolent and Christian purposes, not in impulsive, random gifts, but according to an 
 intelligent si/sfem of benevolence. Rev. Joseph E. King, D. D., a prominent educator 
 of Fort Edward, N. Y., is also a heavy stockholder ; so, also, is Hon. Wallace T. Foots, 
 President of the Bank and one of the wealthiest capitalists of New York. The Bank 
 is doing a safe and extensive business, and has high standing at home and in the 
 commercial world. 
 
 J. G. POTTER, farmer, Sec. 14; P. 0. Monmouth; born March 20, 
 1837, in Licking Co., Ohio ; in 1844, came to Jackson Co.; in 1853, he removed to 
 Jones Co.; owns 125 acres of land. Married Miss M. J. Ingle in 1862 ; she was born 
 in Ohio; have two children — S. M. and J. M. He enlisted, in 1862, in Co. I, 24th 
 I. V. I., and served to the end of the war; participated in the battles of Port Gibson, 
 Champion Hills, siege of Vicksburg, Winchester, Cedar Creek and others. Repub- 
 lican. Mrs. P. is a member of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 H. O. SHIKE, farmer. Sec. 17; P. 0. Wyoming; born Aug. 29, 1851, in 
 Linn Co., Liwa ; he came with his parents to Jones Co., in 1853; he owns 158 acres 
 of land. Married Mary E. Walters in 1875 ; she was born in Jones Co.; have one 
 child, George M. Republican ; M. E. Church. 
 
 JOHX SIM, farmer, Sec. 6; P. O. Onslow: born April 12, 1811, in Fife- 
 shire, Scotland ; in 1846, became to Pittsburgh, Penu ; in 1852,'to Keokuk, Iowa ; in 
 the spring of 1853, he removed to Jones Co., where he has since lived ; owns 265 
 acres of land ; 120 acres of this he entered ; he built the first house in this part of the 
 township. Married Rachael Robinson in 1846 ; she was born in 1807, in Fifoshire, 
 Scotland, and died in 1875 ; had two children, one living, David, who now manages the 
 farm; lost James, aged 16 years. Republican ; Presbyterian. 
 
 RODERICK SPEXCER, flirmer, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Onslow ; born June 12, 
 1811, in Madison Co., N. Y. In 1834, he came to Ohio. In 1854, he came to Jones 
 Co. ; he owns 214 acres of land. Married Harriet Adams May 30, 1840, in Ohio 
 she was born March 14, 1820, in Litchfield Co., Conn. ; have three children — Lydia 
 (now Mrs. Lyons), James and Melvin. James enlisted in 1862 in Co. K, 24th I. V. I. 
 served about five months ; was di.schai'ged on account of physical disability ; Republican 
 
 DR. E. S» TAYIiOR, dentist, olfiee over McGrew's drug store, Wyoming 
 born Sept. 15, 1850, in Windsor Co., Vt. In 1873, he came to Jones Co., thence to 
 Marshall Co. ; in 1875, he came to Wyoming; commenced the study of dentistry with 
 Dr. Bradshaw ; has been in practice since 1868; he was admitted as a junior member 
 of the State Dental Society at Iowa City, in 1868 ; the following year, he was admitted 
 as a senior member at Clear Lake, Iowa. Married Isadore Albee in March, 1872; 
 she was born in Rockingham, Windsor Co., Vt. ; died Nov. 14, 1878 ; lost one child in 
 infancy. 
 
 O. L.. THOMPSON, farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; he was born in 
 Jefferson Co., N. Y., in 1840. In 1864, he came to Dubuque Co. In 1870, he removed 
 to Jones Co. ; he owns 160 acres of land. Married Emily Wescott in 1863; she 
 was born in Jefferson Co., N. Y. ; have four children — Fred, Frank, Don and Lottie. 
 Republican ; Presbyterian Church. 
 
 JOHN TOMPKINS, fiirmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Onslow; born Nov. 22, 1801, 
 in Cox,sackie, N. Y. ; he came to Jones Co. in 1847 ; he owns 160 acres of land. Mar- 
 ried Catharine Ousterhoadt in 1829; she was born in New York ; they had twelve 
 children, seven living — Thankful, Harvey K., Mary J., Sarah C, Orrin, Sherman W. 
 and Lizzie ; their son, Amos S., died of a disease contracted in the army. 
 
 G. H. WARD, farmer. Sec. 34; P. 0. Wyoming; born Nov. 6, 1844, in 
 Canada. In 1865, came to Jones Co. ; owns 130 acres of land. Married Ellen Holmes 
 in 18()8 ; she was born in Ohio ; have one child — Charles H. Republican ; Baptist Church. 
 
 WILLIAM WASSON, farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Onslow ; born Oct. 9, 1849, 
 in Oswego Co., N. Y.'; he came to Jones Co. with his parents in 1853 ; he owns 120 
 acres of land. Married Maggie Ran-som in October, 1875 ; she was born in Jones 
 County; they have two children — Chas. W. and Lyman G. Republican; Presbyteaian 
 Church. 
 
JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 607 
 
 J. B. WHERRY, farmer, Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; he was born in Guern- 
 sey Co., Ohio, Feb. 4, 1832. In 1855, he came to Jones Co., and settled in Oxford 
 Township; was Trustee most of the time until he removed to Wyoming; he now owns 
 308 acres of land, bought of Thomas Green, and is one of the oldest and best improved 
 farms in the township. He married Miss Nancy J. Moore in 18G0 ; she was born in 
 Guernsey Co., Ohio; have eight children — David E., Mary L., John A., Arthur H., 
 Leanna B., Maggie J., Nora B. and Licretia V. Republican ; United Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 J. W. WHERRY, farmer, Sec. 18; P. 0. Wyoming; born Feb. 3, 1832, 
 in Guernsey Co., Ohio. In 1855, he came to Jones Co., Iowa ; he owns 255 acres of 
 land ; has been Township Treasurer, School Director, etc. Married Miss Mary Moore 
 in 1856 ; she was born in Guernsey Co., Ohio; have four children — Tolbert H.. 
 Arminda J., Eliza Z. and Wallace H. Republican ; United Presbyterian Church. 
 
 JOHBi' A. WHITE, retired, Wyoming; born April 10, 1806, in Rocking- 
 ham, Vt.; in 1815. he came with his mother to Warren Co., N. Y.; in 1824, he went 
 to Toronto, Canada; afterward removed to St. Clair, Mich., where he resided till 1855, 
 when he came to Maquoketa, Iowa; the foUowins: year, became to Wyoming, where he 
 has since resided ; has been Justice of the Peace, President of the School Board ; is 
 Street Commissioner. Married Candace Whitesell in 1829 ; she was born in 1810, in 
 Canada ; had ten children, seven living — Martha, Hannah, John, Lewis, William, 
 Alvira and Olive. In 1862, his son William enlisted in Co. K, 24th I. V. I.; served 
 to end of the war ; John enlisted in 1862, in Co. E, 11th I. V. I., and served to end of 
 the war. Democrat; member of the M. E. Church. 
 
 R. S. WILililAHS, contractor, builder and dealer in lumber, brick and 
 building material, Wyoming; was born in 1824, in Hampden Co., M<iss.; in 1830, he 
 came to Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., with his pai-ents ; in 1854, he came to Jackson Co.; 
 in 1859, he removed to Wyoming, where he has resided since. He commenced to learn 
 this business at the age of 18, and has always followed it, excepting three years in the 
 late war, when he enlisted, in 1862, in Co. K, 24th I. V. I., and served to the end of 
 the war. He was elected Mayor in the spring of 1879 ; has been Justice of the Peace, 
 etc. Married Lucy Baker in 1844 ; she was born in 1825, in New York, and died in 
 1855 ; have one daughter — Lorilla. Second marriage to Jennie Cleveland in 1857 ; 
 she was born in Canada in 1834 ; have four children — Adelbert D., Corinne L., Carrie 
 C. and R. S. Republican : Presbyterian. 
 
 F. T. WOODYARD, livery, Onslow ; born May 25, 1833, in Athens Co., 
 Ohio ; in thespring of 1857, he came to Jones Co. He owns 100 acres of land in Wyo- 
 ming Township. He came to Onslow in 1876. Married Sarah E. Paul in 1861 ; she 
 was born in Columbiana Co., Ohio. 
 
 JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 WIIiLIAM AITKEN, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Amber ; born in September, 
 1823, in Perthshire, Scotland; May 4, 1869, he came to Jones Co., Iowa; owns 160 
 acres of land. Married Christina Lawson in 1848; she was born in 1823, in Perth- 
 shire, Scotland; have three children — Jessie (now Mrs. Henderson, living in Scotland), 
 David and Catharine. Presbyterian. 
 
 CABLE BEL.KXAP, farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Amber; born March 11, 
 1838, in Tuscarawas Co., Ohio ; in 1860, came to Jones Co.; owns 286 acres of land, 
 which was entered by his father; in 1864, enlisted in Co. E, 2d I. V. I.; served to the 
 end of the war ; has been School Director about five years. Married Elizabeth Tripp 
 in 1860 ; she was born in Carroll Co., Ohio ; have nine children — Charles S., William 
 T., Joseph E., John D., Oscar W., Elizabeth J., James S., Etty M. and Cora C. 
 Republican. 
 
608 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 li. E. BROWNElili, farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. Center Junction; was bora 
 in 1834, in Chautauqua Co.; N. Y.; in 1855, he came to Jones Co. He owns 120 
 acres of land. Married Lucy J. Bender Feb. 5, 1857 ; she was born Dec. 1, 18-11, in 
 Pennsylvania ; died Jan. 12, 1870 ; have three children — Mary, Catharine and Jcshua. 
 Mr. B. built the first house and broke the first land in this section. Republican. 
 
 JOHX BKOWX, farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Amber; born July 25, 1810, in 
 Berwickshire, Scotland; in 1838, he came to Cincinnati ; in 1844, came to Galena, 111.; 
 in 1854, he removed to Jones Co., where he has since resided ; owns 240 acres of land, 
 part of which he entered, and he and his sons have made all the improvements since 
 coming here. Married Margaret Lockie in 1837 ; she was born in August, 1812, in 
 Berwickshire, Scotland ; have two children — James and John L. Republican ; mem- 
 ber of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 ADAM BYERLY, farmer, Sec. 18; P. 0. Anamosa ; born June 1, 1834, 
 in Fairfield Co., Ohio ; in 184G, he came with his parents to Jones Co.; owns 202 
 acres of land. Married Susan M. Rhistine Sept. 6, 1863 ; she was born in Linn Co., 
 Iowa; have six childi'en — John J. H., Francis M., Charles E., Sanford G., William E. 
 and Marietta J. Democrat. 
 
 ANDREW BY'ERL.Y% farmer, Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born Oct. 22, 
 1820, in Fairfield Co., Ohio; in 1846, he came to Jones Co.; owns 126 acres of land. 
 Married Mrs. Beam in 1855 ; she was born in Augusta Co., Va., Nov. 27, 1820 ; had 
 six children, two living — George W. and Stephen A.; she has five children by a 
 former marriasie — John H., Daniel L., James W., Charles M. and Perry M. Democrat. 
 
 SAMIJEJL BY^ERS, farmer, Sec. 33; P. 0. Olin ; born May 4, 1841, in 
 Mercer Co., Penn.; when a child, he came to Jones Co. with his parents ; he owns 
 ninety-two and one-half acres of land and has one of the largest orchards in the town- 
 ship, consisting of about fourteen acres of very choice fruit. Married Melinda Emer- 
 son in March, 1860 ; she was born in Ohio ; had three children, two living — Louisa A. 
 and Francis M. He enlisted in 1864 in Co. E, 2d L V. I, and served to the end of 
 the war. Democrat. 
 
 JOHN €HE^>»IRE, former. Sec. 29; P. 0. Anamosa; he was born in 
 1832 in Ireland; in 1852, he came to Troy, N. Y.; in 1857, to Dubuque Co., Iowa; 
 in 1862, he came to Jones Co.; he owns 410 acres of land; he has accumulated this 
 property since coming to Jones Co., and has always taken care of his mother until the 
 time of her death, which occurred in the fall of 1861. He married Mary 0. Tool in 
 1862; she was born in 1837; have six children — Julia, Jane, John. Ellen, Charles 
 and Margaret. Democrat. 
 
 ill. D. CORCORAN, farmer. Sec. 29; P. 0. Anamosa; born Oct. 31, 
 
 1824, in Ireland ; in 1848, he came to Bradford Co., Penn.; in 1856, he came to Jones 
 Co.; owns 155 acres of land. Married Mary A. Whitaker in 1856; she was born ia 
 Sullivan Co., Penn., in 1832; died May 5, 1871 ; have seven children — John, Augusta, 
 Eugene, Mary, Josie, Edna and Fannie. When living in Madison Township he was 
 Assessor four years. Enrolled the militia for draft in 1863; was chosen Captain of 
 the Madison Company Home Guards, which was organized in the spring of 1864. 
 Since removing to Jackson Township, he has been five years Township Assessor ; is 
 Justice of the Peace, School Director, etc. 
 
 JAMES GARVIE, farmer. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Amber ; born Sept. 28, 1826, 
 in Perthshire, Scotland; in 1850, he came to Connecticut; thence to VViseonsin ; in 
 1851, he removed to Jones Co.; owns 162 acres of land, which he entered. Married 
 Annie Bradley in 1860 ; she was born in England; have six children — Abun, Will- 
 iam, Mary L., Anna, John and Jessie. Republican ; Presbyterian. 
 
 DAVID W. <iRAFFT, farmer. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Olin ; born March 21, 
 
 1825, in Butler Co., Ohio; in 1846, he came to Jones Co., Iowa; he owns 500 acres 
 of land. Married Christina Byerly March 31, 1848; she was born March 8, 1827, 
 in Fairfield Co., Ohio ; have nine children — William S., John H., Mary C., James, 
 Martha Ann, David, Delia Jane, Francis M. and Elizabeth. Has been Constable, Jus- 
 tice of the Peace, and has held all the township offices. Democrat. 
 
JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 611 
 
 S. D. HALE, former, Sec. 15; P. 0. Anamosa; born Feb. 8, 1829, in 
 Onondaga Co., N. Y.; in 1837, came to Huron Co., Ohio, with his parents ; in 1856, 
 came to Jones Co.; owns 176 acres of land. Married Angeline Martin in October, 
 1855; she was born in Clinton Co., N. Y., June 25, 1829. Is Justice of the Peace; 
 haa been Township Trustee and School Director. Democrat. 
 
 JOHN HANLON, farmer, Sec. 8; P. 0. Anamosa; born in June, 1828, 
 in Ireland ; in 1852, he came to Ohio; in 1856, to Jones Co. He owns 106 acres of 
 land. Married Mary Power Jan. 1-1, 1872 ; she was born in Ireland ; have four chil- 
 dren — John P., Anna M., William L. and Ellen. Democrat. 
 
 WILLIAM HAMILTON, farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born Nov. 
 13, 1830, in Huron Co., in Ohio ; in 1870, he came to Jones Co., Iowa. Owns 200 
 acres of land. Married Loraine S. Bissell in 1851 ; she was born in New York ; have 
 five children — Cora L. (now Mrs. Brown), Jennie S. (now Mrs. Ireland), William H., 
 Johnnie C. and Lizzie A. Republican. Mrs. H. is a member of the Episcopal Church. 
 
 GEOR€}£ W. HARVEY, former, Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Olin ; born March 19, 
 1819, in Hardin Co., Ohio ; in 1855, he came with his parents to Jones Co. He owns 
 101 acres of land. Married Cora A. Williams Aug. 9, 1871 ; she was born in Illinois; 
 have four children — Lillian, Charles E., Ella V. and Arthur ; lost Celestia in infancy. 
 Republican. 
 
 A. W. HAY, farmer. Sec. 16; P. 0. Anamosa; born May 12, 1817, in Vigo 
 Co., Ind. ; came to Jones Co., with his parents in 1819. He owns 212^ acres of land. 
 Married Dillia L. Dunlap Nov. 19, 1871 ; she was born in Ohio; have three children 
 — Rosa v., Henry W. and Orien W. Has been four years Township Clerk ; has been 
 five years Justice of the Peace ; has been Secretary of the Independent School District. 
 Democrat. 
 
 ISAAC HAY, farmer. Sec. 17; P. 0. Anamosa; born Oct. 19, 1823, in 
 Virginia ; when a child, he came with his parents to Vigo Co., Ind.; in 1818, he came 
 to Jones Co., Iowa. He owns 180 acres of land. Married Dortha Shew in 1815 ; she 
 was born in 1821, in North Carolina ; had five children, four living — A. W., W. A., 
 John F. and L. 0.; lost Henry, in June, 1871, aged 16 years. Has been Township 
 Collector. School Director, etc. Democrat. 
 
 JOHN I. HAY, farmer, Sec. 17; P. 0. Anamosa; born Nov. 7, 1819, in 
 Jackson Township, Jones Co.; his father came to this county in 1819. He owns 257J 
 acres of land. Married Catharine Waggoner in March, 1871 ; she was born in Ohio ; 
 have four children — Elva E., Mary A., Charlie 0. and Bertha D. Has been Constable 
 eight years. Democrat. 
 
 L. O. HAY, farmer, Sec. 17; P. 0. vVnamosa; born July 19, 1852, in 
 Jackson Township. He owns 250 acres of land. Married Miss L. V. Merritt Oct. 15, 
 1876 ; she was born in Rome Township, Jones Co. ; have one child — Almeda. Democrat. 
 
 WILLIAM A. HAY, farmer, Sec. 17; P. 0. Anamosa; born Oct. 8, 
 1818, in Vigo Co., Ind.; in 1819, came with his parents to Jones Co. He owns 200 
 acres of land. Married Phebe Waggoner Jan. 1, 1870; she was born in Ohio; have 
 four children — William E., Emma F., Maggie and Archie. Is Township Clerk; has 
 held this oflBce the past two years. Democrat. 
 
 ANSON HA YDEN, former. See. 33 ; P. 0. Olin ; he was born IMarch 
 21, 1821, in Guilford, Chenango Co., N. Y. ; in 1852, came to De Kalb Co., 111. ; in 
 1861, he came to Jones Co., Iowa ; owns 180 acres of land. Married Maryetta Mead 
 Sept. 12, 1851 ; she was born in Guilford, Chenango Co., N. Y., in 1833 ; have nine 
 children — Mary E., G. M., Lewis E., Joseph D., Kittie, Walter, Addie, Fannie and 
 Benjamin. Mr. H. has served two years as County Supervisor of Jackson Township. 
 Democrat ; Episcopal. 
 
 HENRY HIGH, firm of High & Robbins, proprietors Newport Mills ; Sec. 
 33 ; P. 0. Olin ; born April 11, 1810, in St. Joseph Co., Ind.; in 1857, he came to 
 Iowa; returned to Indiana in 1861; in 1878, he came to Jones Co. Married Mar- 
 garet Rainey in 1871; she was born in Ireland; came to America in 1857; they 
 
 have two children — George and Clarence. 
 
 Q 
 
612 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 JOSEPH HIXDS, flirmer, Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Amber ; born November, 1823, 
 in England; in 1849, came to Wisconsin; in 1862, came to Jones Co. ; owns ninety 
 acres of laud. Married Mary Bradley in 1858 ; she was born in 1838, in England; 
 have six children — Lucinda, Frank, Mary, Charles, Violet and Caroline. 
 
 JOHN INGREUM, farmer. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Center Junction ; born in 
 August, 1824, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland ; in 1852, came to Illinois; in 1856, to 
 Clayton Co., Iowa ; in 1860, he removed to Jones Co. ; owns eighty acres of land. 
 Married Isabel Tripp in 1865 ; she was born in Pennsylvania. He enlisted, in 1862, 
 in Co. H, 31st T. V. I. ; served to the end of the war. Republican. 
 
 J. B. KEMMERER, farmer. Sec. 3; P. 0. Amber; born Dec. 5, 1831, 
 in Lehigh Co., Penn. ; in 1870, he came to Jones Co. ; he owns 102 acres of land. 
 Married Caroline Knerr April 2, 1854; she was born on Oct. 8, 1833, in Lehigh Co., 
 Penn. ; have four children — Harrison S., Valentine F., Emma, Sarah E. Democrat ; 
 Reformed Church. 
 
 ADAM KRAMER, farmer, Sec. 20; P. 0. Anamosa ; born April 13, 
 1832, in Franklin Co.. Ohio; in 1864, came to Jones Co., Iowa; owns 208 acres of 
 land. Married Elizabeth Barnhart in 1862 ; she was born, in 1840, in Delaware Co., 
 Ohio; have six children — Frances L., Minora J., Florence E., Norman F., Cora F. and 
 Preston H. ; lost Rufus H. in 1873, aged 3 years. Democrat. 
 
 JOSEPH E ASH WAY, farmer. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born July 4, 
 1823, in Canada ; when a child he came to Franklin Co., Vt., with his parents ; at 
 about the age of 20, he removed to Warren Co., N. Y. ; in 1855, came to Wisconsin ; 
 in 1856, to Jackson Co., Iowa ; in 1866, he removed to his present farm ; owns forty- 
 six acres of land, well improved. Married Abiah Wilcox April 10, 1847; she was 
 born Feb. 9, 1828, in Warren Co., N. Y. Republican; Baptist. 
 
 JOHN W. EYON, former, Sec. 14; P. 0. Amber; born Jan. 20, 1839, 
 Warren Co., Ind. ; in 1849, came to Illinois; in 1856, came to Jones Co.; owns 
 eighty acres of land; enlisted in 1862, in Co. E, 39th I. V. I. ; served to the end of 
 the war; participated in the battles of Vicksburg, Jackson, Miss., Arkansas Post and 
 Athens. Married Mary H. Chew in 1865; she was born in 1844, in New Jersey; 
 have five children — John W., Cornelius M., William F., David F., and Vinton O. 
 Democrat ; Christian Church. 
 
 ]!^JICHOLAS MAY, former, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born Sept. 16, 1838, 
 in Germany; when a child, he came to Virginia with his parents. In 1855, to Jones 
 Co. ; he owns 260 acres of land. Married Mary Wagner Jan. 22, 1862; she was born 
 in Hardin Co., Ohio; have four children — Maugie. Alice, Albert and Elva. 
 
 I. H. MEEK, former. Sec. 13; P. 0.^ Amber ; born March 7, 1847, in Meigs 
 Co., Ohio. In 1867, came to Jones Co., Iowa; owns eighty acres of land. Married 
 Nancy E. Hammond in 1869 ; she was born in Illinois ; have three children — Jennetta 
 B., George and Jane ; enlisted in 1864 in Co. G, 51st Ohio A'^. I. ; served to the end of 
 the war ; Republican. 
 
 JACOB W. MEEK, former, Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Olin ; born Aug. 1, 1819, in 
 Greene Co., Penn. In 1840, became to Ohio. In 1867, he removed to Jones Co., Iowa ; 
 owns ninety-three acres of land. 3Iarried Ann Jane Clark May 7, 1839 ; she was born 
 Dec. 4, 1820, in Virginia; have eight children — eTohn W., Eli C, James A., Isaac H., 
 Melinda J., Lucinda C, Louis D. and Sarah E. Eli C. enlisted in 1861 in Co. D, ISth 
 Ohio V. I. ; served three years ; was wounded at Stone River, Tenn. John W. enlisted 
 in 1862 in Co. E, 75th Ohio V. I. ; served to the end of the war ; participated in the bat- 
 tles of Gettysburg, Penn., Chancellorsville, Va. ; was taken prisoner near Jacksonville, 
 Fla. James A .enlisted in 1864 in Co. E, 140th Ohio V. I. ; served four months. Isaac 
 H. enlisted in 1864, Co. G. 51st Ohio V. I. ; served to the end of the war. 
 
 ISAAC MERRILIi, farmer. Sec. 13; P. 0. Center Junction; born May 
 19, 1833, in Monroe Co., Mich. In 1862, he came to Jones Co. ; owns ninety-three 
 acres of land. Married Caroline Annis Jan. 10, 1863 ; she was born in Cattaraugus 
 Co., N. Y. ; have six children — Ada M., Lawrence, Frank, Lillie, John P. and Caroline. 
 Has been School Director ; Democrat. 
 
JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 613 
 
 JACOB MOWREY, deceased; he was born Aug. 17, 1817, in Ohio. In 
 1853, he came to Jones Co. In 1854, they removed to their present farm ; died in 
 December, 1874. He married Hellen Snyder Oct. 16,1858 ; rhe was born in \ irginia ; 
 she owns 330 acres of land ; have eight children — Emery S., Cymantha V., William 0., 
 John v., Jennetta, Carrie V., Lyman and Alida E. ; he had seven children by a former 
 marriage. All the improvements on his farm have been made by Mr. Mowrey since 
 coming to it. Family reside on Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Anamosa. 
 
 MICHAEL. XEVIL.L.E, fiirmer. Sec. 7 ; P. O. Anamosa ; born April 12, 
 1829, in Ireland.. In 1847, came to New Brunswick. In 18G1, he came to I3oston, 
 Mass. In 1865, to Jones Co. ; he owns 305 acres of land, all of which he has earned 
 and paid for since coming to this county. Married Ellen Bowes in 1852 ; she was born 
 in New Brunswick in 1833; have ten children — Robert G., Thomas, Mary, Michael, 
 Ellen, Frank, William, Anna, Henry and Patrick. Is .Township Treasurer, and has 
 been School Director several years. 
 
 REV. _NATHAX POTTER, Sec. 22; P. 0. Anamosa; born Oct. 26, 
 1835, in Licking Co., Ohio. In 1844, he came with his parents to Jackson Co. In 
 1852, he came to Jones Co. ; he owns ninety acres of land. He commenced preaching 
 in 1864, and has been engaged in this work and farming ever since ; he is now preach- 
 ing as a Supply for an Independent Church. Married Clementine Demoss in 1860 ; she 
 was born in Ohio ; have two children — Sarah S. and Mary C. He has held about all 
 the township offices. The first Territorial Election for Commissioners was held at his 
 father's house, in Jackson Co. 
 
 JOHN SCHOOX, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Amber ; born April 7, 1847, in Ger- 
 many. In 1870, he came to Jones Co., Iowa; he owns sixty acres of land. Married 
 Mary Pappe in March, 1879 ; she was born in Illinois. 
 
 VALENTINE SLIFE, farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Olin ; born Oct. 3, 1822, 
 in Fairfield Co., Ohio; in 1846, came to Johnson Co., Iowa; remained there eighteen 
 months, then removed to Jones Co. and to his present farm ; owns ninety acres of land. 
 Married Margaret M. Houstman in 1842; she was born in August, 1817, in New Jer- 
 sey. Mr. S. has been Township Trustee about sixteen years. Democrat. 
 
 EPHRAIM STECKEL, farmer, Sec. 9; P. 0. Amber; born in Lehigh 
 Co., Peun., April 12, 1827 ; came to Jones Co. in 1871 ; carries on farm on shares with 
 Mr. Smith, of Anamosa ; there are eighty acres in the farm. Wife's maiden name was 
 Sally Ann Steckel, a native also of Pennsylvania ; they were married in their native 
 State in 1854 ; have nine children — Franklin, Nathan Joseph, Milton, Sarah, Mary, 
 Titty Ann, David, Walter and Appaseina. All the family are in the German Reformed 
 Church ; Mr. S. is a Democrat. 
 
 JAIIES STIVERS, farmer, Sec. 36; P. 0. Olin; born Oct. 20, 1825, in 
 Genesee Co., N. Y.; in 1836, came to Ohio; in 1855, he came to Jones Co. He owns 
 459 acres of land. His son E. H. enlisted, in 1864, in Co. F, 5th I. V. C; served to 
 the end of the war. He married Elizabeth Clark in 1853 ; she was born in Virginia ; 
 have ten children — John, Elvira, Alice, Charles, Olive, Emma, Dan D., Nellie, James 
 and Elizabeth; has one son by a former marriage — Enos H. Republican. 
 
 J. M. STREETER, firmer, Sec.^35; P. 0. Anamosa; born Sept. 21, 
 1812, in Bradford Co., Penn.; in 1823, came to Seneca Co., N. Y.; thence to Tioga 
 Co., N. Y.; in 1863, he came to Jones Co., Iowa. He owns 165 acres of land. Mar- 
 ried Elizabeth Devoe in 1835 ; she was born in Yates Co., N. Y.; had ten children, 
 eight living — D. C, E. M., A. L., Harriet, Victoria, Capitola, Sarah H. and J. L. 
 Republican. 
 
 PETER STRON<jr, farmer. Sec. 1.; P. 0. Center Junction ; born in July, 
 1821, in Perthshire, Scotland ; in 1856, came to Columbiana Co , Ohio ; June 13, 1858, 
 he came to Jones Co. He owns 200 acres of land. Married Ann Smith Dec. 8, 1842 ; 
 she was born in Perthshire, Scotland. Republican ; Presbyterian. 
 
 S. D. TARBOX, farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Olin ; born Dec. 20, 1832, in 
 Cortland Co., N. Y.; in November, 1855. he came to Jones Co., Iowa. He owns 193 
 acres of land. Married Mary Brickley March 1,1860; she was born in Maryland; 
 
614 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 
 
 have three children — James L., William F. and Viola ; is School Treasurer and Direc- 
 tor. Republican. 
 
 ANTHONY WAGGONER, farmer, Sec. -i ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born Dec. 
 31,1815, in Alsace, France; in February, 1827, came to New York City; thence to 
 Oneida Co.; he returned to New York City in 1832, and apprenticed to learn the car- 
 penter trade; Oct. 4, 1837, he came to Hardin Co., Ohio; Oct. 26, 1854, he removed 
 to Jones Co., Iowa, where he has since resided. He owns 128 acres of land. Married 
 Mary A. Emart Sept. 1, 1838 ; she was born in Somerset Co., Penn., Sept. 22, 1822 ; 
 died in November, 18G3 ; have four children — Jacob, Lucy E., Eliza Jane and Mary ; 
 he has one son by his first marriage — Charles B.; he has also one son by his present 
 marriage — Abiah C. Republican ; Christian Church. 
 
 BARNHART WAGNER, farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born Aug. 
 26, 1809, in Alsace, France; Feb. 22. 1827, he came to New York City, thence to 
 Oneida Co.; in 1833, came to Ohio; in 1853, to Jones Co. He owns 200 acres of 
 land. Married Barbara Emart in 1840 ; she was born in Somerset Co., Penn., in 1826 ; 
 died in March, 1862 ; had eight children — Joseph, George, Anthony, Zachariah, Mary, 
 Phebe, Catharine and Eliza. Second marriage to Grace Tallman in September, 1862 ; 
 she was born in Franklin Co., Ohio; have one child — John. Democrat. Mrs. W. is 
 a member of the M. E. Church. 
 
 JOSEPH WOODS, former. Sec. 8; P. 0. Anamosa; was born Feb. 4, 
 1824, in Fjedcrick Co., Va ; in 1859, came to Ogle Co., 111.; in 1864, came to Iowa; 
 in the spring of 1865, he removed to his present farm, known as the Circle Hill Farm, 
 consisting of 160 acres; all of his buildings are well protected with a large supply of 
 fruit and forest trees of his own planting, consisting of maple, evergreens, pines and 
 other varieties, in all about ten acres, all situated on a beautiful ridge or circle of land. 
 He married Miss Rebecca Shepherd Feb. 15, 1849 ; she was born in 1823 in Frederick 
 Co., Va.; have five children — Charles (now in Texas), Francis M., Clarence C. (now 
 attending the Commercial College at Dubuque), Sarah and Eugene. Mr. W. organized 
 the district school known as the Wagner District. Republican. 
 
 MADISON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 WILLI A:« H. ALDEN, farmer. Sec. 34; P.O.Wyoming; born Sept. 
 21, 1820, in Plymouth Co., Mass.; in 1855, came to Jones Co. Owns 430 acres of 
 land. Has been School Director, Township Trustee, Township Collector, Township 
 Treasurer, etc. Married Emily J. Williams in February, 1857 ; she was born in 
 Vermont ; have five children — Alton G., Hattie, Mary, Emma and Edith. Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 J. W' . ALEXANDER, former. Sec. 10; P. O.Onslow; born Oct. 1, 
 1828, in Ireland; in 1833, came to Dearborn Co., Ind.; in 1858, to Jackson Co.; in 
 1861, he removed to Jones Co. He owns 205 acres of land. His mother lives here 
 with him ; she is now in her 93d year ; his father died in 1844, aged 55 years. 
 
 SAMUEL ALEXANDER, former, Sec. 15; P. 0. Center Junction; 
 born Dec. 8, 1834, in Ireland ; when a child, he came to Dearborn Co., Ind., with his 
 parents; in 1858, he came to Jackson Co.; in 1861, he removed to Jones Co. He 
 owns 140 acres of land. Married Phebe A. Gale Jan. 3, 1871 ; she was born in 
 Schoharie Co., N. Y., Feb. 16, 1847; have four children — Mary, Nellie, Sarah and 
 Lulu. Republican. 
 
 JOHN BENDER, farmer, Sec. 26; P. 0. Wyoming; born Feb. 4, 1835, 
 in Pennsylvania ; in 1845, he came to Ohio ; in 1849, to Illinois; in 1852, to Jones Co., 
 where he has since resided. lie owns 210 acres of land. On June 4, 1852, he broke 
 the first land ever broken in Madison Township. He married Lavina R. Brownell in 
 1859 ; she was born July 5, 1840, in Chautauqua Co., N. Y.; they have four children 
 
MADISON TOWNSHIP. 615 
 
 — Mary R., James L., Carrie I. and Ada E. Mr. Bender is School Director. Repub- 
 lican ; family attend the M. E. Church. 
 
 JOH»f F. BROWN, farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Center Junction ; born March 
 11,18-12, in Perthshire, Scotland; in 1867, he came to Jones Co. ; owns 240 acres 
 land. Married Mrs. J. Livingston in May, 1878; she was born in 1815, in Scotland; 
 have one child — William L. ; she has three children by a former marriage — Mary M., 
 Jessie D. and Catherine Livingston. Republican, and member of the Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 L.IAIi €AREY% former, Sec. 31; P. 0. Wyoming; born July 22, 1810, in 
 Dearborn Co., Ind. ; in 1853, came to Jackson Co. ; in 1860, he came to Jones Co. ; 
 owns 130 acres land ; enlisted in 1862, in Co. K, 31st I. V. I. ; served to the end of 
 the war. Married Jennie Ridings in 1871 ; she was born in Jones Co. ; have two chil- 
 dren — Lottie A. and James R. Republican. 
 
 J. E. CODER, furniture. Center Junction; born Dec. 25, 1811, in West- 
 moreland Co., Penn. ; in 1856, he came to Jackson Co.; in 1866, he removed to Jones 
 Co.; commenced his present business in 1876. 3Iarried Sarah NeLson in 1868 ; she 
 was born in Pennsylvania ; have three children, two sons and one daughtei*. Repub- 
 lican. Mrs. C. is a member of the United Presbyterian Church. 
 
 J. K. CONMEY, farmer, Sec. 31; P. 0. Wyoming; born July 26, 1839, 
 in Lockport, N. Y. ; in 1811. he came, with his parents, to Pennsylvania ; in 1863, he 
 came to Jones Co. Owns eightyacres of land. Married Miss A. M. Kimball in 1867; 
 she was born in Wisconsin ; have one child — Fred W., a^ed 7 years. 
 
 WILLIAM F. DAGWELL, boots and shoes, Onslow ; born May 11, 
 1833, in Troy, N. Y. ; he came, when a child, to New Haven, Oswego Co., N. Y., 
 where he remained till about the age of 21 ; he then came West, and settled in 
 McHenry Co., 111., there he remained about eight years, when he returned East; in 
 1867, he returned to McHenry Co., 111. ; in 1859, he came to Lyons, Iowa; in 1872, 
 he removed to Onslow. Married Christiann Fryer Sept. 17, 1851 ; she was born in 
 Schenectady Co., N. Y. ; have two children — Frances E. and Emma. Presbyterian ; 
 Republican. 
 
 NELSON DAY, farmer. Sec. 17; P. 0. Center Junction; born April 3, 
 1835, in Chautauqua Co., N. Y. ; in 1817, he came to Pennsylvania; in 186!}, he 
 came to Jones Co. ; owns 100 acres of land. Married Mary Jenkins in 1861 ; she 
 was born in Erie Co., Penn. ; have four children — John A., Ella, Adaline and C. M. 
 Republican ; M. E. Church. 
 
 II. O. FELTON, firmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Center Junction ; born March 
 11, 1827, in Highland Co., Ohio; in 1831, came to Marion Co., Ind.; in 1853, to 
 Jones Co., Iowa; he owns 250 acres of land; he taught school in Scotch Grove 
 Township during the seasons of 1853 and 1851, and has held all the township and 
 school offices. Married Anna ^I. Krouse Aug. 29, 1851; she was born in Germany 
 in 1833 ; have eight children— Margaret F., George L., Alfred N., Oliver J., Charles 
 W., Anna M., Harlan P. and William R. Republican. 
 
 JOHN L. FINCH, former. Sec. 23; P. 0. Wyoming; born April 21, 
 1830, in Oswego Co., N. Y.; in 1813, he came, with his parents, to Michigaa ; in 
 1856, he came to Illinois; in 1876, he came to his present farm ; owns 120 acres of 
 land. Married Sarah J. Keni.son Nov. 25, 1871; she was born in Canada. He 
 has seven children by a former marriage — Emma, Ella, Freeman J., Dudley D., Edwin, 
 John and Mary. Republican. 
 
 S. L. GILBERT, firm of C. S. & S. L. Gilbert, Wyoming Valley Cheese 
 Factory, Onslow; he was born March 7, 1835. in Herkimer Co., N. Y.; in 1856, he 
 came to Jones Co.; he owns 205 acres of land ; this cheese-foctory was established in 
 1867, being the oldest factory in Iowa; the cheese manufactured here is equal to the 
 New York factories ; they are making about one hundred thousand pounds a season. 
 He was married to Miss Eveline M. Seaman in December, 1855; she was born in 
 Herkimer Co., N. Y.; they have five children— Homer L., Ida L., Ada, Lydia L. and 
 FredD.; lost Lester D., aged 15 years. Republican; M. E. Church. 
 
616 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 S. M. GrRAVKS, farmer, Sec. 17; P.O. Center Junction; born Jan. 3, 
 1840, in Wyoming Co., N. Y.; in 1860, he came to Ohio; in 1864, lie came to Jones 
 Co.; he owns 200 acre.s of land. Married Mary E. Thomas in 1864 ; she was born in 
 Ohio; have two children — Isadore and James. He has held most of the township 
 oiiices; Republican. Mrs. G. is a member of the M. E. Church. 
 
 CHARLES R. €JR1DL.EY, farmer, Sec. 13; P. 0. Onslow; born Feb. 
 18, 1842, in La Grange Co., Ind.; in 1859, he came to Jones Co.; he enlisted in August, 
 1861. in Co. D, 9th I. V. I.; served to the end of the war ; he owns 170 acres of land. 
 Married Mary Vj. Wasson in 1865 ; she was born in New York; had four children, two 
 living — Leona J. and Mary J. Republican ; Presbyterian Church. 
 
 R. R. HANNA, farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Wyoming; born Dec. 7, 1825, in 
 Westmoreland Co., Penn.; in 1832, he came to Ohio; in 1845, he came to Jones Co.; 
 he owns 315 acres of land. Married Margaret A. Mitchell in 1853 ; she was born in 
 Ohio in 1 835 ; she came to Jones Co. with her parents in 1845 ; they have three children 
 Filial S., William D. and Orie. He has held most of the township offices; Repub- 
 lican : Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Cj}. N. hay, farmer. Sec. 30; P. 0. Wyoming; born April 12, 1817, in 
 Cortland Co., N. Y.; in 1828, he came to Wayne Co., Ohio ; in 1856, he came to Jones 
 Co.; he owns forty acres of land. Married Emily J. Hawley in 1861 ; she was born 
 in Canada; have two children, one son and one daughter. 
 
 JAMES G. HUGGANS, tarmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Wyoming; born July 
 30, 1830, in Greene Co., N. Y.; in 1857, he came to Illinois ; April, 1867, he came to 
 his present farm ; he owns 100 acres of land. Married Susan A. Angle March 8, 
 1860 ; she was born in Greene Co., N. Y".; have two children — Sarah L. and George 
 E. Democrat. 
 
 ARNER KlillRALL., farmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Wyoming; born March 20, 
 1812, in Grafton Co., N. H.; in 1843, he came to Wisconsin ; in 1856, he came to 
 Jones Co.; he owns 320 acres of land. Married Sarah D. Spinney in 1839 ; she was 
 born in Portsmouth, X. H.; have .six children — Sarah J., x\bner M., John M., Ann M., 
 James M. and Ellen R. John M. enlisted in 1862, in Co. K, 24th I. Y. I.; served 
 about seven months ; was discharged on account of disability. Republican ; religion, 
 free-thinker. 
 
 J. A. L.EMASTER, farmer. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Wyoming; born Jan. 9, 1843, 
 at Vinegar Hill, Wis.; in 1868, he came to Jones Co.; he owns eighty acres of land. 
 Married Mi.ss Orpha A. Wright in 1878; she was born in Jo Daviess Co., III.; have 
 one child — Alpheus E.; he enlisted in 1861, in Co. D, 45th I. V. I.; served through 
 the war. Republican. 
 
 EDLEF L.EVSEX, farmer. Sec. 36; P. 0. Wyoming; born April 4, 
 1811, in Germany ; in 1869, came to Clinton Co. ; in 1875, came to Jones Co. ; owns 
 240 acres of land. Married Elsabe Jansen in 1854 ; she was born in Germany ; have 
 three children — Martha, Elizabeth and Peter. He has three children by a former mar- 
 riage — Hans, Auiiust and Lena. She has one child by a former marriage — Mary. 
 
 D. F. LEWIS, dealer in live stock, Onslow; born May 23, 1837, in Tioga 
 Co., Penn. ; in 1874, he came to Onslow, and engaged in butchering. Married Matilda 
 M. Plant on Oct. 4, 1857 ; she was born in Canada; have two children — Edward W. 
 and Julia L. 
 
 RAVID G. LYOX, former, Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; born Feb. 25, 1829, 
 in New York ; in 1836, came to Michigan, with his parents, thence to Illinois ; 
 in 1863, he came to Jones Co., Iowa ; he owns 120 acres of land. Married Margaret 
 Crawford in 1850 ; she was born in Pennsylvania ; have two children — William J. and 
 Alma. He is Township Treasurer, and School Director of Madison Center. Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 THOMAS LYA:^S, farmer. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Center Junction; born- Dec. 
 29, 1821, in Harrison Co., Ohio ; in 1851, he came to Dubuque. Co., Iowa; in 1856, 
 he came to Missouri, and, in the fall of this year, he removed to Jones Co., and to his 
 present farm, where he has since resided ; he owns 760 acres of land. Married Rebecca 
 
MADISON TOWNSHIP. 617 
 
 A. Guthrie in 1858 ; slie was born in 1826, in Harrison Co., Ohio ; they have twelve 
 children — seven sons and five daughters. Republican ; Presbyterian Church. 
 
 R. W. McCREADY/ farmer, Sec. U; P. 0. Wyoming; born Dec. U, 
 1836, in Columbiana Co., Ohio; he attended the Hayesville Institute, Ashland Co., 
 four years; at the age of 19, he commenced teaching school, and so continued for 
 about eight years ; in 1870, he came to Wyoming, and taught during the falls and 
 winters of 1870, and 1871, and 1872; he owns 160 acres of land. Married Miss 
 Ellen Gault in 1863; she was born in Ashland Co., Ohio ; had four children, three 
 living — Robert W., Willie and infant not named ; lost William E., aged ten years. 
 Republican ; Presbyterian Church. 
 
 AXDREW McDonald, farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Center Junction ; bora 
 Jan. 31, 1837, in Perth.shire, Scotland; he came to Jones Co., with his parents, in 
 1855 ; he owns 180 acres of land; has always been a School Director. Married Mar- 
 garet Smith May 28, 1860 ; she was born in Scotland ; have two children — John A. 
 and Eliza A. ; lost Maraaret E. in infancy. Republican ; Presbyterian Ciiurch. 
 
 JOHN McDonald, farmer. Sec. 8; P. 0. Center Junction; he was 
 born in Perthshire, Scotland; on Oct. 1, 1850, he came to Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 and at once was appointed Superintendent of the building of the Cincinnati & Dayton 
 Railroad ; the following year he removed to St. Louis, and superintended laying the 
 first railroad track west of the Mississippi, running from St. Louis to Franklin ; dis- 
 tance about thirty-five miles ; in 1852, he came to Galena, 111., and was engaged in 
 building that portion of the Illinois Central Railroad running east and west of Galena ; 
 in the fall of 1854, he came to Jones Co., and entered 360 acres of land, and now owns 
 about 480 acres, nearly all of which he has improved ; his parents came to Jones Co. 
 in 1855, and have always made their home here. His father was born in 1789, and 
 his mother in 1791, both in Perthshire, Scotland. 
 
 E. W. McGlTIRE, farmer. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Center Junction ; was born 
 Jan. 16, 1848, in Ashland Co., Ohio; in April, 1879, he came to his present farm, 
 consisting of eighty acres of land. He was married to Jane.Creswell Jan. 22, 1869 ; 
 she was born Sept. 6, 1844, in Ashland Co., Ohio; died April 1, 1877; have six 
 children — Tullos, Idella (Ben and Byron are twins), Amanda E. and R. R. Second 
 marriage to Mary A. Brown July 25, 1878 ; she was born in Adams Co., Ind. M. E. 
 Church. 
 
 Cr. A. MERSHORN, physician and surgeon, Onslow ; born April 25, 1852, 
 in Jones Co., Iowa. He commenced the study of medicine in 1874, graduating at the 
 Physio-Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1878, he returned to Onslow. Married 
 Marcia Bedford in 1874; she was born in Jones Co.; have two children — Ada May 
 and Nerr Lee. Democrat ; Christian Church. 
 
 ELIJAH A NEWEL.L, farmer, Sec. 35; P. 0. Wyoming; born Feb. 13, 
 1808, in Bradford Co., Penn; in 1855, he came to Jones Co., Iowa; owns 180 acres 
 of land. Married Anna Post in 1830 ; she was born in 1811 in Bradford Co., Penn. ; 
 have four children — Mary E. (now Mrs. Slife), Elizabeth (now Mrs. Merritt), Stephen 
 C. and Armella (now Mrs. Arnold). Stephen C, who is now managing the farm, was 
 married to Miss Lizzie Campbell Sept. 14, 1876 ; she was born in Jefferson Co., N. Y. ; 
 she came with her parents to Jones Co., in 1857 ; they have one child— Orrin. Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 X. B. NOYCES, Postmaster, Onslow; born Oct. 21, 1834, in Addison Co., 
 Vt. In 1861, came to Iowa, then returned to Ohio, and enlisted in Co. F, 29th Ohio 
 V. I. ; served fourteen months ; was discharged on account of physical disabiltiy ; he 
 then returned to Ohio; in 1864, he came to Jones Co. Married Henrietta Crowell 
 in 1864; she was born in 1836 in Ohio; died in 1866; have one child— J. Gratie. 
 Second marriage to Miss M. J. Worrell in 1867 ; she was born in Ohio ; have five chil- 
 dren^Berthalvi., Fannie E., Walter T., Arthur E. and an infant not named. Repub- 
 lican ; M. E. Church. 
 
 GEORGE E. OSBORN, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Wyoming; born Aug. 
 29, 1836, in Otsego Co., N. A". ; in 1838, came to Bureau Co., 111., with his parents; 
 
618 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 in 1861, he came to Jones Co. ; owns 160 acres of land. Enlisted in 1862 in Co. K. 
 24th I. V. I. ; served to the end of the war. Has been Township Collector, Assessor, 
 Treasurer, etc. Married Mary E. Sly in 1857 ; she was born in Chemung Co., N. Y. j 
 they have an adopted son — William. Mrs. Osborn is a member of the ^l. E. Church. 
 
 ISAAC OVERLEY, farmer, Sec. 3; P. O. Center Junction; born July 
 17, 1827, in Fleming; Co., Ky. ; in 1844, came to Indiana; in 1850, to Polk Co., Iowa, 
 then returned to Indiana; in 1851, he came to Jones Co., where he has since resided ; 
 he owns 140 acres of land. Married Mary E. Krouse in March, 1856 ; she was bora 
 in Germany ; have seven children — P]meline M., Charles M., Elmer E., William F. and 
 Margaret F. are twins, Mary I. and John. Republican. 
 
 WIELIAM L. OVERLEY, farmer, Sec. 13; P. 0. Onslow; born Aug. 
 8, 1847, iu Fleming Co., Ky. ; in 1853, he came to Jones Co. ; owns 120 acres of land, 
 which his father entered. Married Ellen South in 1870 ; she was born in Canada; have 
 four children — Ada, Sarah, Emma aud Bessie M. Republican ; M. E. Church. 
 
 •f . 31. PAUE, physician and surgeon, Onslow ; born April 3, 1844, in Colum- 
 biana Co., Ohio ; ill 1854, came to Marion Co., Iowa; in 1872, he removed to Onslow. 
 He commenced the study of medicine in 1860, with Dr. J. D. Wright, of Knoxville, 
 Iowa ; graduated in the spring of 1866, at the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 jNIarried Miss Mary J. Boyer in 1866 ; she was born in Belmont Co., Ohio ; have two 
 children — Frank and Mary. He enlisted in April, 1861, in Co B, 3d I. V. I. ; served 
 to the end of the war. Republican ; M. E. Church. 
 
 ISRAEL PEEKEY% farmer and painter, Sec. 35; P. 0. Wyoming; born 
 July 4, 1829, in Swanton, Vt. ; in 1857, he came to Michigan; in 1866, he came to 
 Jones Co. ; he owns ten acres of land — also engaged in painting. Married Loraine 
 Mills in 1856 ; she was born in Bridport, Vt. ; have fjur children — Lewellen, William, 
 Alice and Charles. He enlisted in 1862 in the 5th Mich. Battery; afterward re-enlisted 
 in the 8th Mich. Cav. ; served to the end of the war. Republican ; M. E. Church. 
 
 AUSTIN N. READE, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. O.Onslow; born Nov. 2, 1842, 
 in Marion Co., Ind. ; in 1S52, he came with his parents to Jones Co. ; he owns ninety 
 acres of land. Married Ellen M. Osborn in 1871 ; she was born in Wisconsin; have 
 three children — Orra I., Jessie May and Edith J. Republican ; M. E. Church. 
 
 J. READE, farmer. Sec. 12; P. 0. Onslow; born Dec. 13, 1853, in Jones 
 Co., Iowa; he owns eighty acres of land. Married Mary E. Silsbee March 18, 1875; 
 she was born Sept. 5, 1855, in Wyoming Township; have one child — Myrtie Belle. 
 Republican. 
 
 J. D. RHODES, farmer. Sec. 14; P. 0. Wyoming; born April 10, 1832, 
 in Ohio; in 1851, he came to Jackson Co.; in 1869, he removed to Jones Co. ; he 
 owns 240 acres of land ; is Treasurer of the School Board. Married Susanna James 
 in October, 1858; she was born in Maryland; have seven children — Francis M., Mary 
 E., Margaret J., John W., William P. (Elva and Ella are twins). Democrat. 
 
 XATHAN SHAFFER, farmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Wyoming; born Sept. 18, 
 1823, in Columbia Co., Penn. ; in 1863, came to Clinton Co.; in 1865, he returned 
 to Jones Co. ; he owns 356 acres of land ; he has been Justice of the Peace, member of 
 the School Board, etc. Married Mary A. Dursh in 1859 ; she was born in Center Co., 
 Penn. ; had five children, four living — Hattie B., William 0., Charles B. and Maggie; 
 lost Arthur, aged about two years. Republican ; M. E. Church. 
 
 D. H. SHERRILL, former, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; born Feb. 13, 1828, 
 in Madison Co., N. Y. ; in 1853, came to Illinois; in 1855, he came to Jones Co. j 
 owns 135 acres of land. Married Elvira Houck in February, 1858; she was born in 
 Delaware Co., N. Y. ; have four children — Samuel D., Hattie R., William A. and Lewis 
 M. Has been Constable. Township Treasurer, etc ; Republican. 
 
 THO.nAS X. SILSBEE, farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. O. Onslow; born June 29, 
 1822, near Albany, N. Y. ; in 1836, he came to Ohio with his parents; in 1840, he 
 came to Des Moines Co. ; ia 1843, to Jackson Co. ; in 1849, he visited Jones Co., and 
 bought 160 acres of land ; in 1853, he removed to this county, and has since resided 
 here. He was the first Constable in Wyoming Township ; he now owns forty acres. 
 
MADISON TOWNSHIP. 619 
 
 Married Susan Conaly in 1854; she was born in 1836 in Mercer Co., Penn. ; have six 
 children — Mary E., John C, Sarah J., Laura W., George B. and Lottie. Democrat. 
 
 JOHN H. SMITH, farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. O. Center Junction ; born Sept. 15, 
 1827, in Perthshire, Scotland ; in 1850, he came to New York City. ; in 1856, lie came to 
 Jones Co. ; owns 400 acres of land, most of which has been improved by himself; he 
 has held most of the township offices. Married Eliza Smith in 1857 ; she was born in 
 Perthshire, Scotland ; have ten children — Jessie, EUia, James, David, John, Benjamin, 
 William, Ann, Alva and Agnes. Bepublican. Mrs. Smith is a member of the Pres- 
 byterian Church. 
 
 WILLIAM STORY, farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; born Dec. 18, 1827, 
 in England; in 1841, he came to Onondaga Co., N. Y. ; in 1854, he came to Jackson 
 Co., Iowa. ; in 1868, he removed to Jones Co. ; he owns 400 acres of land. Married 
 Hanna Barto in 1851; she was born in Cortland Co., N. Y. ; have five children — 
 Horace D., Thomas H., Rosa C, Willie and Lillie May. Republican. 
 
 D. W. SUTHERIi A]^l>, live stock and grain. Center Junction ; born 
 Jan. 26, 1845, in Jones Co., Iowa; engaged in farming until 1878, when he commenced 
 his present business ; he owns seventy acres of land in Scotch Grove Township. Mar- 
 ried Anna Espy in 1871 ; she was born in Pennsylvania; have two children — Leal and 
 Ralph G. Republican ; Presbyterian. 
 
 S. W. riVDERWOOD, farmer. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Onslow ; born May 28, 
 1822, in South Kingston, R. I.; when a child he came to New York with his parents ; 
 in 1870, he came to his present farm ; he owns 240 acres of land. Married Bridget 
 Ryan in 1853; she was born in Rhode Island; have nine children — Margaret A., 
 Francelia, William H., Samuel H., Mary, Sylvester, John H., Alice and Amy B. 
 Republican. 
 
 R. T. VAX, fiirmer. Sec. 35; P. 0, Wyoming; born April 6, 1816, in 
 Fayette Co., Ohio; in 1831, he came to Marion Co., Ind.; in 1838, to Jo Daviess Co., 
 111.; in 1839, he came to Jones Co., Iowa; he owns 110 acres of land. Married Hes- 
 ter Ann Van June 3, 1839 ; she was born Feb. 24, 1822, in Morgan Co., Ind.; have 
 five children — William H., Azilda, Sylvester Fenton, Lyman L. and Alice. Republi- 
 can ; belongs to M. E. Church. 
 
 DAVID A. WALTERS, manufacturer, Onslow; born April 26, 1827, 
 in Herkimer Co., N. Y.; in 1861, he came to Jones Co.; engaged in farming until 
 1877, when he engaged in the lumber trade, and is now engaged in iron fence manu- 
 facturing. Married Mrs. Watkins in March, 1852 ; she was born in Herkimer Co., N. 
 Y.; have one child — Albert F. Republican : Free-Will Baptist. 
 
 JOHN WASSON, Sr., farmer,' Sec. 2; P. O. Onslow; born Dec. 9, 
 1812, in Ayrshire, Scotland; in 1832, he came to New York ; in 1853, he came to 
 Jones Co.; he owns 140 acres of land. Married Jemima Russell in 1844 ; she was 
 born in Ayrshire, Scotland, June 12, 1814 ; have seven children — John, Jane, Mary 
 E., William, Jennette, James and Joseph ; lost George, aged 2 years and 9 months. 
 Republican ; belongs to the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 JOHN WASSON, Jr., farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Onslow ; born May 6, 
 1842, on the Atlantic Ocean ; in 1853, he came with his parents to Jones Co.; he 
 owns 123 acres of land. Married Sarah Himebaugh Sept. 2, 1874 ; she was born in 
 Jones Co. in 1852 ; have two children — Bertie and Bertha. Republican ; belongs to 
 M. E. Church. 
 
620 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 J. Li. ACHESON, farmer, Sec. 16; P. 0. Langworthy ; bora in Ohio in 
 1828; in March, 1855, he came to the State of Iowa; came to Jones Co. in 1866; 
 owns 160 acres of land in Wayne, and 35 acres in Richland (timber-land). Has been 
 Collector of his town. Mr. Acheson has been married three times; the maiden name 
 of his first wife was Elizabeth McCuUough, a native of Ohio, and died two years after 
 their marriage ; the luaiden name of his second wife was Catharine Heasty, also a 
 native of Ohio; they were married in 1857; she died in 1869; the present wife's 
 name was Mary Jane Brush; she, too. was from Ohio; they were married in 1871 ; 
 had, by his second wife, seven children, three of whom are now living — R. H., James 
 M. and J. L. Mr. and Mrs. Acheson are members of the U. P. Church ; he is a 
 Republican. 
 
 ELISHA ACKERMAlf, farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in 
 Saratoga Co., N. Y., in 1791 ; came to Jones Co. in 1852. His wife's maiden name 
 was Betsey Brundage. also a native of New York ; they were married, in their native 
 State, in 1811 ; have had eleven children, nine of whom are living — Rachel, Olivia, 
 Eleanor, Erastus, Nancy, Delilah, De Witt Clinton, Isaac, Margaret and Jane ; of 
 these, one, a son, Isaac, was in the late civil war; he enlisted, in 1863, in an Iowa reg- 
 iment; discharged at the close of the war, in 1865 ; was wounded by being thrown 
 from a horse while in the service, and disabled for life. The subject of this sketch, Mr. 
 Elisba Ackerman, was in the war of 1812 ; he enlisted in 1814, and was in about four 
 months, a member of Capt. Collimore's company. No. 2. He has children, grand- 
 children, great-grandchildren and great-great-grandchildren, numbering, all together, 
 over one hundred ; a number of his grandchildren were also in the late war of the 
 rebellion (seven of them ). Mr. Ackerman is nearly 90 years of age. and is one of the 
 oldest men and oldest settlers of Jones Co. ; his health is quite good for one of his age, 
 has a good memory, and converses readily, and, aside from a lameness that he has, has 
 no serious physical trouble. He owns eighty acres of land where he lives, and forty 
 acres of timber-land in Monticello Township. He is a Republican. 
 
 HENRY ADAHS, farmer. Sees. 5 and 6; P. 0. Langworthy; owns 166 
 acres of land. He was born in Cumberland Co., Penn., in 1837 ; came to Jones Co. in 
 1865. His wife's maiden name was McLain, a native of Iowa; they were married in 
 1859 ; have five children — John Franklin, Benjamin Douglass, William Alexander, 
 Henry, Katherine Elizabeth. Mr. Adams is a Democrat. 
 
 HENRY ALBERTSON, farmer. Sec. 6; P.O. Langworthy; born in 
 Pennsylvania in 1823; came to Jones Co. in 1856, where he has since resided. Wife's 
 maiden name was Jane Dunmer, a native of Pennsylvania also ; they were married Oct. 
 5, 1843; have had ten children, eight of whom are now living, named as follows : 
 Charles, James, Elizabeth, Daniel, Isabelle, Mary, Susan, Grant ; those dead were 
 named Sarah and Jacob. One son was in the late war of the rebellion, Charles, a 
 member of the 31st I. V. I. ; enlisted in September, 1861 ; was discharged July 4, 
 1865; he belonged to Co. H ; was wounded in the leg, below the knee, by a shot which 
 struck it at the battle of Memphis, Tenn. ; was also in the battle at Lookout Mountain, 
 and, while there, captured five rebels and marched them into camp alone ; was under 
 Gen. Sherman during the latter part of the war, and was in the famous •' march to the 
 sea ;" was also at Richmond when it fell. Mr. Albertson has been a Road Supervisor 
 in his town ; he and his family are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. A. is a Repub- 
 lican ; owns 1 50 acres. 
 
 WILIilAM AL.BERTISON, farmer, Sec. 6; P. 0. Langworthy; born 
 in Pennsylvania in 1821 ; came to Jones Co. in 1857, where he has since resided ; wife's 
 maiden name was Rebecca Brush, also a native of Pennsylvania; they were married in 
 1847 ; had eleven children, six living, named as follows: Margaret Jane, Mary Ellen, 
 
WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 621 
 
 Oarl, Martha, Hattie and William. Mr. and Mrs. Albertson are members of the 
 United Presbyterian Church. Mr. A. is a Republican ; owns 160 acres. 
 
 ISABELLA BACHER, farmer, Sec. 33; P. 0. Amber; born in Allen- 
 town, Lehi<i;h Co., Penn., in 1825; came to Jones Co. April 9, 1870. Her husband, 
 Mr. Amos Bacher, was a native of Pennsylvania also; he died in 1861 ; they were mar- 
 ried in 1844; have seven children living — William, Mary, Frances, John, George, 
 Annie and Charles ; the last-named lives at home ; at present is at the school at Fulton, 
 111. Mrs. Bacher. owns eighty acres ; she is a member of the Presbyterian Church in 
 Anamosa ; her boys are Republicans. 
 
 AHBERT BATCHEIiDER, farmer, Sec. 7; P.O. Langworthy; he 
 and his brother Stephen are engaged largely in the raising and selling of stock and 
 supplying milk to the creamery at Langworthy; born in New Hampshire in 1832; 
 came to Jones Co. in 1850; has lived here since that time. Wife's maiden name was 
 Harriet Hunter, a native of New York ; they were married July 3, 1863 ; have had 
 four children, three of whom are living, named as follows: Louis, Charles, Ernest and 
 Minnie. Mr. Batchelder is a Road Supervisor in his town ; he and his brother, 
 Stephen, are among the oldest settlers in their part of the county ; when they came 
 there, there were only two houses in the part of the township where they live, and, 
 where their houses now stand, grass was growing six feet high. Mr. Batchelder is a 
 Republican ; owns ninety-one acres, all under cultivation. 
 
 S. €. BATCHELDER, farmer, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Langworthy; born in New 
 Hampshire in 1820 ; he came to Jones Co. in 1850, where he has since resided, except 
 during a period of three years, when he was in California. His wife's maiden name 
 was Nancy P^dson, a native of New York; they were married May 16, 1877. Mrs B. 
 is a member of the M. E. Church. Mr. Batchelder has been Road Supervisor in his 
 town. He is a Republican. Owns 100 acres. 
 
 JOHN BATES, farmer. Sec. 4 ; also has land on Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Lang- 
 worthy ; born in New York in 1833, Fulton Co., town of Oppenheim ; came to Jones 
 Co. in 1856. Was in the late civil war, a member of the 2d I. V. I. ; was enrolled 
 Oct. 11, 1864; discharged in the middle of July, 1865; was in Co. C; was wounded 
 in the shoulder and taken prisoner at Macon, Ga., while out foraging; was paroled and 
 sent home and then discharged ; was in Andersonville Prison about two weeks, and a 
 prisoner also at Macon four months ; he was in the last lot of men that were discharged 
 from the prison at Andersonville. He has been Township Clerk, and is now a member 
 of the Board of Supervisors. His wife's maiden name was Helen Thompson, a native 
 of Delaware Co., N. Y. ; they were married in 1865 ; have two children — Charles and 
 Chauncey. Mr. B. is a Republican. Owns 150 acres. 
 
 MRS. ELIZABETH BIGGLER, farmer. Sec. 32; P. O. Anamosa; 
 born in Pennsylvania in 1824; her mother is living; her father is dead; she came to 
 Jones Co. in 1861 ; her husband, Mr. Washington Biggler, died in 1877; he was a 
 native of Mercer Co., Penn., and a brother of Hon. William Biggler, ex-Governor of 
 that State, who was also United States Senator and one of the Directors of the Cen- 
 tennial. Mrs. Biggler, the subject of this sketch, and her husband were married in 
 their native State May 25, 1847 ; have had fourteen children, six of whom are now 
 living — William Washington, Ida Annetta, Fannie Elsie, Virginia Lorain, Elizabeth 
 Bertha, Amanda Lillia ; the two older are married, viz., William and Ida; William 
 lives in the house with his mother ; Ida is married to Mr. Rhue, near Blue Cut, in 
 same county. Mr. Biggler was in the Custom House in Philadelphia for some time 
 before he come West. He was in politics a Democrat, in religion a Methodist, as are 
 also his wife and some of the children. Owns 160 acres, 100 of which are under cul- 
 tivation. 
 
 HEJfRY BOHLKEX^, farmer. Sec. 25; P. 0. Amber; born in Germany 
 in 1854; came to America and Jones Co. in 1872. Farm consists of 270 acres, 
 belonging to the Hildenbrandt estate ; Mr. Hildenbrandt died in 1865. Maiden name 
 of Mrs. Bohlken was Maggie Hildenbrandt, a native of New York; they were married 
 in 1876. Mrs. Hildenbrandt died in July, 1879 ; there were nine children ; names of 
 
622 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 
 
 those living are George, Maggie, Minnie and Philip. Mr. Bohlken is a Democrat, and 
 so is also George Hildenbrandt. 
 
 JOHN BODEKER, farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Monticello ; born in Ger- 
 many in 1825 ; came to America and Jones Co. in 1866. Owns eighty acres. His 
 wife's maiden name was Annie Tobiasen, a native of Germany also ; they were married 
 in 1861 ; have one child — Francis. Mr. Bodeker was a soldier in the old country. 
 He and all the family are Lutherans ; Mr. B. is a Republican. 
 
 HUCwH BOWE\, farmer, Sec. 1; P. 0. Monticello; born in Jones Co., 
 Iowa, on " Bowen's Prairie ; " his father settled there, and the prairie received its name 
 in honor of him ; Mr. Bowen, Sr., was one of the oldest settlers in Jones Co. ; he died 
 in Colorado in 1864; his wife is still living and in Richland Township. His wife's 
 maiden name was Jane Simmons, a native of Illinois ; they were married in June, 
 1878 ; they have one child. Mr. B. lives on the farm of his father-in-law, Mr. Henry 
 Simmons, and is also engaL'ed in hauling milk to the creamery at Monticello. Mr. B. 
 is a Democrat. 
 
 F. C BROWX, farmer, Sec. 7; P. O. Langworthy ; was born in Chautau- 
 qua Co., N. Y., in 1839 ; came to Jones Co. in 1866. Was in the war of the rebel- 
 lion, and a member of an Illinois regiment. His wife's maiden name was Parker, a 
 native also of New York, town of Fredonia ; they were married in 1867; have one 
 child — Frank P. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are members of the M. E. Church ; he is a 
 Democrat. Owns 194 acres; also owns several town lots and one house in the village 
 of Langworthy ; his home is also inside the limits of the town; has a fine farm, well 
 stocked ; deals in stock and supplies the creamery with milk ; has twenty-four cows. 
 
 JANE BRUSH, farmer, Sec. 10; P. 0. Monticello; owns eighty acres of 
 land; was born in Westmoreland Co., Penn., in 1800; came to Jones Co. in 1868. 
 Her husband, Mr. Joseph Brush, died in this county in 1858, while on a visit to one 
 of his sons; they were married in 1820, in Pennsylvania; Mr. Brush was born in 
 Ireland ; they have had ten children, eight now living — Daniel, Margaret, Rebecca, 
 Baptiste, George, William, Nancy and Mary Jane; the children are all married and 
 settled in life. Mr. Brush, when alive, was a member of the U. P. Church ; Mrs. 
 Brush is now in the same Church; all of the children, except Nancy, are in the U. P. 
 Church (she is a Methodist). Mr. Brush was a Democrat; the boys are Republicans. 
 Mrs. Brush's maiden name was Hoy. 
 
 WILLIAII H. BRU!!$H, farmer. Sec. 10; P. 0. Monticello; manages 
 his mother's farm ( Mrs. Jane Brush) ; he owns timber-land in Scotch Grove ; was born 
 in Westmoreland Co., Penn.; came to Jones Co. in 1868. His wife's maiden name was 
 Pomeroy, a native of Ohio ; they were married in 1860 ; have seven children — Jennie 
 Elizabeth, Mary Ellen, Samuel Roll, John Pomeroy, Annie Lois, Ada Alice, Ethel 
 Florence. Mr. and Mrs. Brush and three of the children ai'e members of the U. P. 
 Church ; Mr. Brush is a Republican. 
 
 MRS. ANNA BURNS, farmer. Blocks 30, 31, 32 and 40, near the village 
 of Langworthy; P. O. Langworthy; born in Ireland in 1835; came to America in 
 1845, and to Jones Co. in 1859. Her husband, Thomas Burns, died in February, 
 1875; they were married Feb. 17, 1855 ; Mrs. Burns has raised two children (not her 
 own), and has one of them with her now ; the other one is married and moved away ; 
 the one with her now is named Dennis Doyle. Mrs. Burns owns twenty-four acres of 
 land. She is a Catholic, as was also Mr. Burns ; he was also a Democrat. 
 
 MRS. NANCY CL.ARK, farmer, Sec. 5; P. 0. Langworthy; was born 
 in New York in 1823; came to Jones Co. in 1857, with her parents. Was married to 
 Mr. Stevens, in Wisconsin, in 1862; was married to Mr. Wilcox in 1870, and to Mr. 
 James Clark Oct. 7, 1879; she has had two children, one of whom is now living — 
 Arlington, aged 30; the one that died was named Ida, and died in 1870. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Clark are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; Mr. Clark is a Repub- 
 lican. Mrs. Clark owns 40 acres of land, 12 in the town of Richland, and 
 also has a claim upon 40 acres with a mill upon it, and another piece of 20 acres, all in 
 Richland Township, making, altogether, 122. 
 
WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 623 
 
 PHIIjIP DAIiY, farmer, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born in Ireland in 
 1834; came to America in 1852, and to Jones Co. in 1857. Own.s 160 acres of land. 
 Is School Director in his town. His wife's name was Foley, a native of Ireland also ; 
 they were married in 1868 ; have two children — Philip and William. The maiden 
 name of his first wife was Elizabeth Chesher,also of Ireland ; by that marriage there were 
 five children — Joseph, Mathew, John, Mary and Elizabeth ; some of them are dead. 
 All of the family that are living are in the Catholic Church ; Mr. Daly is a Democrat. 
 
 Z. DENXINU, farmer. Sec. 17; P. 0. Langworthy; born in Malta, Sara- 
 toga Co., N. Y., in 1825; came to Jones Co. in 1851; his father is still living; his 
 mother is dead. His wife's maiden name was Drusilla Ackerman, a native of New 
 York ; they were married in 1853; have three children — Elva, Ettie and Jessie ; the 
 two oldest are married (Elva and Ettie). Mr. Denning was of a family in which there 
 were eleven children, three girls and eight boys, all living but one. Mr. Denning and 
 his entire family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Chnrch ; in politics, Mr. 
 Denning is a Republican. He owns eighty acres of land, some of which is in Sec. 17 
 and some in Sec. 20, about all under cultivation. 
 
 JAIIES DORCY, farmer, Sec. 4; P. 0. Anamosa; born in Ireland in 
 1834; came to this country in 1849, with his mother and sister ; his father, mother 
 and sister are dead ; he came to Jones Co. in 1855 ; lived in Fairview Township until 
 1876, when he moved to Wayne, where he has since resided. His wife's maiden name 
 was Mary Meher, a native of the old country also; they were married in 1859; have 
 had eight children, four of whom are living — Johnnie, Eddie, George and Maggie; 
 those dead were named Ellie, Josie, Katherine, and one was not named. Mr. Dorcy 
 and his entire family, in religious faith, are Catholics ; in politics, he is a Democrat. 
 Owns 120 acres of land, about one hundred under cultivation. 
 
 DAVID DOYLE, farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Anamosa; born in Massachu- 
 setts in 1852 ; of his parents, one is living, the other dead. He came to Jones Co. 
 in 1867, with his parents, where he has since resided. His wife's maiden name was 
 Katie Power, a native of Ireland ; they were married in 1874 ; have one child — Willie. 
 They are Catholics ; Mr. Doyle is a Democrat. Owns eighty acres, all under cultiva- 
 tion. 
 
 T. H. DUNN, farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Anamosa; owns 210 acres; born in 
 Philadelphia in 1834; came to Jones Co. in 1859, where he has since resided. Wife's 
 maiden name was Farnum, a native of Massachusetts (Andover) ; they were married 
 in 1855; have had seven children, five of whom are now living ; names as follows : 
 Wilford E., Clara A., T. H., John E., Grace E.; those dead were named Willie and 
 Mary E.; in politics, Mr. Dunn is a Republican. 
 
 JOHANNA FITZPATRICK, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; owns 
 110 acres, about all under cultivation; born in Ireland, in the county of Tippcrary, in 
 1824; came to America in 1846; her husband, Mr. Michael Fitzpatrick, was a native 
 of the same county in Ireland ; he came to America in 1844 ; he died May 21, 1879 ; 
 he lived in Illinois for twenty-one years, and during part of that time was School 
 Director, and, also. Supervisor; he lived in Jones Co., Iowa, twelve years, up to the 
 time of his death; Mrs. Fitzpatrick came to this county in 1867. They were married 
 in 1846 ; have had eleven children, five of whom are living, as follows: Thomas, Mary, 
 Julia, Johnnie and Theresa. Mrs. F. and her entire family are members of the Cath- 
 olic Church ; during his life, Mr. F. was a Democrat, and the oldest son is now in the 
 same line of politics. 
 
 JOHN H. FOLKERS, farmer. Sec. 17; P. 0. Langworthy; farms on 
 shares with Mr. Bingham, of Moniicello ; born in Germany in 1840; came to Amer- 
 ica and to Jones Co. in 1876. Wife's maiden name was Catharine Bornheinken, a 
 native, also, of Germany ; born in 1844 ; they were married in 1865 ; have had five 
 children, four of whom are living — Henry, Garret, Margaret and Catharine. Mr. 
 Folkers and his entire family are in the Lutheran Church. 
 
 HENRY FRERICHS, farmer, Sec. 15; P. 0. Monticello ; born in Ger- 
 many in 1833 ; came to this country in 1857, and to Jones Co. in 1869. Was a 
 
624 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 soldier in the late civil war, a member of the 34th 111. V. I. Wife's maiden name was 
 Borgn, a native of Germany, also ; she was married once before, to Mr. Meinen ; she 
 and Mr. Frerichs were married in 18(34 ; Mrs. F. had one child by the former mar- 
 riage ; name is Lizzie Meinen. Mr. and Mrs. Frerichs and the daughter are members 
 of the Lutheran Church ; he is a Republican. He owns eighty acres, and some timber- 
 land besides. 
 
 <;EORGFi OALIiAHER, flu-raer; P. 0. Anamosa; born in Pennsyl- 
 vania in 18:^1>; came to Jones Co. in 1875. Wife's maiden name was Margaret 
 McCarn, a native of New York ; they were married in 1867 ; have three children — 
 Frank, George and Lambert. Mr. G. owns eighty-six acres, some of which lies in 
 Cass and some in Wayne Townships ; house is just in the corner of the two townships. 
 Mrs. Gallaher is a member of the Baptist Church ; Mr. G. is a Republican. 
 
 (m, (wERDES, farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in Germany in 1817 ; 
 came to America and to Jones Co. in 1872. Wife's maiden name was Margaret John- 
 son, a native, also, of the old country; they were married in 1849 ; have seven chil- 
 dren — Johanna, Rickliffe, Hermer, Henry, Johnnie, Johnson and Rickle. Mr. Gerdes 
 and his two boys carry on a firm on shares with Mr. John Jacobs ; there are 320 acres 
 in the farm, and it is adjoining the village of Langworthy. Mr. Gerdes and his ftimily 
 are Lutherans. 
 
 R. CwE ROES, farmer, Sec. 17; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in Germany in 
 1854; came to America in 1872, and to Jones Co. in the same year; carries on form 
 on shares with Mr. John Oilman. Wife's maiden name was Mary Grumm, a native 
 of Illinois ; they were married Jan. 21, 1879; have one child — William Gerhardt. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Gerdes are members of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 W. H. QREEN, blacksmith, Amber ; born in Virginia in 1834; came to 
 Jones Co. in 1870 ; owns a home in the place and the shop in which he does business. 
 Mr. Green was in the war of the late rebellion ; a member of the 92d Ohio, Co. E ; 
 enlisted in 18B2 ; discharged in 1865, at the close of the war; was in twenty-one 
 different battles, Chiokamauga, Mission Ridge and in Sherman's march to the sea ; was 
 at Richmond, and Raleigh, and Kinston ; was Orderly Sergeant. Mr. Green is School 
 Director in his town, and has the only blacksmith-shop in the village. Wife's maiden 
 name was Bingham, a native of Ohio; they were married 1856; have eight children — 
 John Morris, Orpher Rosetta, James L., William E., Charles H., Eva M., Ella S. and 
 Lottie E. Mr. and Mrs. Green and two of the children are members of the M. E. 
 Church ; he is a Republican. 
 
 E. G. GUILD, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born in Oneida Co., N. Y., 
 in 1823 ; came to Jones Co. in 1866. Wife's maiden name was Roxana Shaffer, a 
 native of New York, also (Niagara Co.); they were married in 1846 ; have had four 
 children, thi-ee of whom are still living, named as follows: Alice, Ella and Lucetta ; 
 the one dead was named Hattie May. In religion, Mr. Guild is a Baptist ; wife and 
 children are Methodists; he is a Republican. Owns 120 acres, about all under culti- 
 vation. 
 
 A. H. HALIi, merchant, Langworthy; dealer in general merchandise; has 
 the only store in the place doing a general bu.siness. Mr. Hall is also the Postmaster, 
 and has the post office in his store ; has been in business where he now is about six 
 years; owns the building in which he does business; also a house, which is his home, 
 and a barn and five acres of land upon which they stand. He was born in Western A'^ir- 
 ginia in 1839 ; came to Jones Co. May 18, 1856, where he has since resided, except 
 while in the army, and during a period of one year, when he was at the Rocky Moun- 
 tains. Mr. Hall does a safe and prosperous business ; his sales average about SI 0,000 
 a year ; keeps a general assortment, and has a good trade. Mr. Hall gave the land upon 
 which stands the creamery of the village, and some money beside, and has been and is now 
 an enterprising citizen ; was, in the year 1878, Township Collector ; Avas in the war of the 
 rebellion ; enlisted May 12, 1861 ; discharged at the close of the war, in 1865 ; was a 
 member of Co. B, 9th I. V. I.; enlisted first for three years, and, when his time expired, 
 re-enlisted as a veteran in the same regiment and company ; went out as a private ;. 
 
WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 625 
 
 when discharged was a Sergeant ; was in the siege of Vicksburg, and, while there, nar- 
 rowly escaped being killed ; a rebel bullet struck him in the side, but hit a book which 
 he had in his hip-pocket, and that so checked the force of the bullet as to do him no 
 harm : the ball, however, passed through the book and slightly penetrated the skin. 
 Mr. Hall kept the book and ball for a long time afterward. He was in the battles of 
 Pea Ridge, Yazoo Bayou, Arkansas Post, Jackson, Miss., Tuscumbia, Lookout Mountain, 
 Mission Ridge, Ringgold, Kenesaw Mountain, Dallas, Big Shanty, Marietta, Atlanta, 
 Bentonville, Raleigh and Columbia. His wife's maiden name was Phalinda Hager, a 
 native of New York ; they were married in 1867 ; have had one child, who is now liv- 
 ing — Alphonzo R. Mr. and Mrs. Hall are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. Hall 
 is a Republican. 
 
 DANIEL HAIililGrAN, flirmer, Sees. 27 and 28 ; P. 0. Amber ; born in 
 Trenton, N. J., in 1842 ; came with his parents to Jones Co in 1870 ; owns 175 acres. 
 Wife's maiden name was Kathrine Durigan, a native of Jones Co., Iowa ; she was born 
 in 1852 ; they were married in 1872 ; have had four children , three are living, named 
 Francis J., David Gordon and Mary. Mr. Halligan's mother died in 1873. Mr. H., 
 wife and children are in the Catholic Church. He is a Democrat. 
 
 H. C. HARTMAX, farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Amber ; born in Ohio in 
 184-1 ; came to Jones Co. in 1852, with his parents ; has been a Road Supervisor for 
 four or five years ; owns 120 acres in Sec. 26, and 39 in Sec. 34. Wife's maiden name was 
 Elizabeth Bailey, a native of New York ; they were married in March, 1866 ; have had 
 five children ; four are living — Tilghman Harrison, Frank Theodore, Henry Clay and 
 Addie May ; the one dead was named Allen Charles. Mr. Hartman is a Republican. 
 
 PETER HARTMAX, farmer, Sec. 34; P. 0. Amber; born in Butler 
 Co., Ohio, in 1842 ; came to Jones Co. in 1852 ; owns eighty acres in Sec. 34 and forty 
 acres in Sec. 35 ; is also in the grain business with William H. Sanford, in Amber ; 
 was, in the late war of the rebellion, a member of Co. H, 14th I. V. I.; enlisted in the 
 fall of 1861 ; discharged in the fall of 1864 ; held the ofiice of Corporal ; was in the 
 battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, and in the Red River expedition under Gen. Banks, 
 and in some smaller engagements during the service ; was taken prisoner at Shiloh by 
 Gen. Beauregard, and held about two months ; there were 3,000 men captured at the 
 same time he was taken; was, some of the time, at Macon. Wife's maiden name was 
 Brown, a native of New York ; they were married Jan. 1, 1865 ; have seven children — 
 Louis F., Edivard F., Dora E., Thomas E., Joshua A., Maggie F. and Eleanor. Mr. 
 Hartman is a Republican. 
 
 ANGIE MARGARET HAR9IEIS, farming. Sec. 21 ; P.O. Monticello; 
 born in Germany in 1823; came to America and to Jones Co. in 1868 ; owns 240 
 acres. Her husband, John Henry Harmes, died in the spring of 1877 ; they were mar- 
 ried in 1847 ; had seven children ; six are now living — Mary, Katie, Angle, Heinrich 
 Heinrich and Annie. Mrs. Harmes and all the children are in the Lutheran 
 Church. 
 
 H. HARjflES, farmer. Sees. 16 and 17 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in Germany 
 in 1828; came to America in 1857, to Illinois ; lived there nine years; came to Jones 
 Co. in 1866; owns 170 acres — eighty in Sec. 16, eighty in Sec. 17, and ten in Scotch 
 Grove Township. Wife's maiden name was Maria Johnson, a native of the old coun- 
 try also ; they were married in 1858 ; have had eight children ; six are living — Annie 
 Maria, Harmann, Gerd, Tena, Maria and Johanna. Mj. and Mrs. Harmes are members 
 of the Lutheran Church. In politics, he is iodependont. 
 
 R. R. HAYES, farmer. Sees. 17 and 20 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in 
 Allegany Co., N. Y., in 1829 ; came to Jones Co. in 1862, where he has since resided ; 
 has held the offices of School Director and Assessor of his town ; owns 200 acres, also 
 timber-land, in Jackson Township. He is a cousin of Rutherford Hayes, President of 
 the United States. Wife's maiden name was Harriet Annis, a native of New York 
 also ; she was born in 1833 ; her parents are both living in Jones Co. Mr. Hayes' 
 parents are dead. The subject of this sketch and wife were married in their native 
 State Jan. 1, 1851 ; have had six children, five of whom are now living — J. Richard, 
 
626 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Ellen Martha, Adelbert, Mary and Hattie. The one dead was not named. Mr. H. 
 and his entire family are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. II. is a Republican. 
 
 ALEXANDER M. HEASTY, farmer, Sec, 2-i ; P. 0. Scotch Grove; 
 born in Ohio in 1838; came to Jones Co. in 1865 ; wife's maiden name was Margaret 
 Nelson, a native of Ohio. They were married in 1866 ; have had seven children, five 
 are livin"- — Carrie, Mary E., Jasper, William E. and Francis. Mr. Heasty owns 119 
 acres in Wayne, and twenty acres in Scotch Grove, of timber ; he gave one acre for the 
 cemetery in Wayne Township, near this place. He was a soldier in the war of the 
 rebellion, a member of the 2d I. V. C, Co. M, Capt. McConnel. He enlisted in the 
 fall of 1861 ; was discharged in the fall of 1864; was in the battles of Corinth, Miss., 
 and also luka ; was in the company that took Col. Price (nephew of Gen. Sterling 
 Price) prisoner in Mississippi, south of Coldwater. In one engagement, Mr. Heasty 
 had bullet-holes put through his rubber coat. The man that captured Col. Price was 
 John Beard. Mr. Heasty and wife are members of the U. P. Church. He is a Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 JOHN C/HKASTY, farmer. Sec. 24; P. 0. Scotch Grove ; born in Ohio 
 in 1836 ; carae to Jones Co. in 1853, and located land, and, in 1862, came to live perma- 
 nently. Wife's maiden name was McCandless, a native of Ohio also. They were mar- 
 ried Feb. 3, 1858 ; have seven children — Charles L., Robert M., John Grant, Olive 
 Mary, James W., Ida Josephine and Arthur Francis. Mr. Heasty owns 120 acres ; he 
 was a soldier during the late civil war ; a member of the 2d I. V. I., Co. C ; enlisted 
 Sept. 27, 1864; was discharged July 4, 1865 ; was taken prisoner near Clinton, Ga., 
 by Gen. Wheeler ; was kept a prisoner about five and a half months ; was in Macon four 
 months, and in Andersonville about one and a half months. Mr. Heasty is one of the 
 Trustees of his town. He and his wife and three of his children are members of the 
 U. P. Church. He is a Republican. 
 
 R. !»I. HEASTY, former. Sec. 16; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in Ohio in 
 1848 ; came to Jones Co. in 1866, with his parents. Wife's maiden name was Elizabeth 
 J. Kaims, a native of Canada. They were married in 1869 ; have four children — John, 
 Francis, Mary Agnes, Isaac Russel and William Joseph. Mr. Heasty and his wife are 
 members of the U. P. Church. Mr. Heasty has been Town Constable for two terms, 
 and was Road Supervisor for three or four terms ; he is a Republican ; owns eighty 
 acres. 
 
 WIL.L.I AM HELGEXS, former. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Monticello ; ^ born in 
 Germany in 1827 ; came to America in 1857, and to Jones Co. in 1864. Wife's maiden 
 name was Matie Grumm,a native of Germany also. They were married in 1851 ; have 
 had ten children, six are living — Harm, Antke, Mary, Annie, Libbie, Louise and Emma. 
 Two of these are married, and living in Wayne Township. All the family are Luth- 
 erans. Mr. Hilirens is a Republican; owns 158 acres. 
 
 A. P. HIMEBAUCirH, farmer. Sec. 12; P. 0. Monticello ; born in Erie 
 Co., Penn., in 1817; came to Jones Co. in 1855. Wile's maiden name was Mary E. 
 Davis, a native of New York. They were married in 1851 ; have had four children, 
 all are living — P. M., Ella R., 'Geneva C. and Ernest. Mr. Himebaugh was married 
 before to Maria Mitchel, a native of Pennsylvania. They were married in 1839 ; this 
 wife died in her native State in 1850; there were four children by that marriage; one 
 only is living — George, who lives in Wayne Township. Of the three that are dead, one, 
 — Perry — was in the war of the rebellion, a member of Co. H, 31st I. V. I. ; died of 
 chronic dysentery in 1864 ; was at the siege of Vicksburg, and in other engagements ; 
 was in the command of Gen. U. S. Grant, and in several battles under him. Mr. Hime- 
 baugh owns eighty acres of land in Wayne, and ten in Scotch Grove Township. He 
 and Mrs. Himebaugh, and three of the children, are members of the M. E. Church. In 
 politics, both himself and the boys arc Republicans. 
 
 O. L.. HIxMEBAU€}H, former. Sec. 10; P. O. Monticello; born in Penn- 
 sylvania in 1841; came to Jones Co. in 1854, with his parents, where he has since 
 n^sided; was in the war of the late rebellion ; a member of the 9th I. V. I., Co. D ; 
 eulistoJ in August, 1861 ; discharged in April, 1862 ; was sick with typhoid fever 
 
WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 629 
 
 •while out; was taken sick while on the boat, going South, and was sick forty-five days, 
 and in the hospital, and was in the hospital at Pacific City thirty days, with mumps, 
 and was sick a good deal of the time while in the service, and was unable to do active 
 duty. His wife's maiden name was Mary Heastey, a native of Ohio. They were mar- 
 ried Sept. 28, 1865 ; have had four children, three of whom are living — Arthur 
 Eugene, Jeanette Florence, Mitchel Walter. Mr. Himebaugh and wife are members of 
 the U. P. Church. Mr. Himebaugh holds the ofiice of Ruling Elder in the Church. 
 He has been Assessor, Trustee and Clerk of his town at diflFerent times ; he is a Repub- 
 lican. Owns eighty-two acres of land, and eight acres of timber in Scotch Grove. 
 
 P. M. HOIEBAUGH, farmer. Sec. 13; P. 0. Monticello; is a "Hawk- 
 eye," having been raised almost entirely in Iowa ; lives with his father, Mr. A. P. Hime 
 baugh, but owns land of his own — eighty acres in Section 13, and ten in Scotch Grove 
 Township, of timber. Mr. Himebaugh is Township Clerk and Secretary of the School 
 Board; he is a member of the M. E. Church, and, in polities, is a Republican. 
 
 HENRY HINRICH^, farmer. Sees. 19 and 20 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; born 
 in Germany in 1849; came to America in 1870, and to Jones Co. the same year. 
 Wife's maiden name was Matie Hankn, a native of Illinois. They were married in 
 1877 ; have two children — Gertrude and William. Mr. and Mrs. Hinrichs are mem- 
 bers of the Lutheran Church. Owns 127 acres. 
 
 LEONARD HITCHCOCK, fiirmer, Sec. 11; P. 0. Monticello; born 
 in Pennsylvania in 1823 ; came to Jones Co. in 1854. Wife's maiden name was 
 Batchelder, a native of New Hampshire. They were married in 1862 ; have had six 
 children, four are living — Mary E., J. H. Howard, Elnora N., Laura May. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Hitchcock and three children are members of the U. P. Church. In politics, 
 Mr. Hitchcock is a Republican; owns 160 acres; owns the land upon which stand 
 the creamery and schoolhouse in East Wayne. 
 
 J. P. HOLiLiENBACK, wagon and carriage maker, Amber; born in 
 Pennsylvania in 1857 ; came to Jones Co. in June, 1876. Wife's maiden name was 
 Hinds, a native of Wisconsin, raised in Iowa. They were married in 1878; have one 
 child — Tilghman. Mr. Hollenback has the only business of his line in the place; owns 
 the shop where he works, and a house and five lots in the village. Mr. Hollenback 
 belonojs to the German Reformed Church ; Mrs. Hollenback to the Latter-Day Saints. 
 Mr. Hollenback is a Democrat. 
 
 W. H. HUCjtHES, blacksmith, Langworthy ; born in Pennsylvania in 1830 ; 
 came to Jones Co. in October, 1855. Wife's maiden name was Martha Orr, a native 
 of Pennsylvania also ; they were married in 1871. Mr. Hughes was married before to 
 Martha Cook, a native of Pennsylvania also ; they were married in 1861 ; had two chil- 
 dren, namely, William and Hattie. Mr. Hughes owns a home and his shop, in the vil- 
 lage, and is the only man of his trade in the place. He is now one of the Trustees. 
 Mrs. Hughes is a member of the U. P. Church. Mr. H. is a Republican. 
 
 CHESTER HUN^ERFORD, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born 
 in Jeiferson Co., N. Y., in 1832 ; came to Jones Co. in 1865, in the fall. Owns 160 
 acres. Wife's maiden name was Juliette Garlock, a native of New York also ; they 
 were married in 1854 ; have one child, named Chester Bartlett. Mr. Huugerford and 
 wife are members of the Baptist Church. He is a Republican. 
 
 H. J. JACOBS, farmer. Sec. 12; P. 0. Monticello; born in Kingdom of 
 Hanover. Germany, in 1835 ; came to America in 1854 ; came to Jones Co. in 1861. 
 Is now a Road Supervisor in his town. Owns 120 acres in Wayne, and 295 in Scotch 
 Grove Townships. Wife's maiden name was Grumm, a native of Germany also ; they 
 were married in 1861 ; have seven children living, named Bertie S., Henry E., Gora 
 M., Augusta E., Carl C, Emma M. and Laurence R. All of the family are in the 
 Lutheran Church. Mr. Jacobs is a Republican. 
 
 JOHN JACOBS, farmer and cattle-buyer; P. 0. Monticello; born in Ger- 
 many, in 1838 ; came to America in 1854, and to Jones Co. in the fall of 1859. Mr. 
 Jacobs had been married twice ; maiden name of first wife was Matilda Miller, a native 
 of Philadelphia; they were married in Illinois June 16, 1859; wife died on Dec. 11, 
 
630 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 1864; they had three children, all living:, named fl. R. Annie, Barbara and Angert 
 Earnhardt. Maiden name of second wife was Annie Grumm, a native of Germany; 
 they were married on the 26th of March, 1868 ; have four children, named Matilda, 
 Willie, Mary and Sophia Joanna. Mr. Jacobs owns over one thousand acres of land, as 
 follows: 818 in Wayne, 90 in Scotch Grove, 50 in Richland, and 525 in Monticello 
 Townships. He lives on Sec. IH, Wayne Township. He is one of the School Directors 
 in his district. He and his family are Lutherans ; he is a Republican. 
 
 MARY JACOBS, farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. Monticello; born in Germany in 
 1807 ; came to America in 1856, and to Jones Co. in 1859. Her husband, Mr. Henry 
 Jacobs, died in May, 1879. They were married in 1828 ; have had eight children, 
 seven of whom are living. Mrs. Jacobs and her children are all in the Lutheran Church. 
 The sons are all Republicans. Mrs. J. owns 120 acres. 
 
 JOHX KAIRXS, farmer, Sec. 14; P. 0. Monticello; owns 160 acres. 
 Born in Ireland, Tyrone Co., in 1829 ; came to Canada when 1 year old, and to the 
 United States in 1865, and to Jones Co. same year. Wife's maiden name was Agnes 
 Milne, a native of Scotland ; they were married in 1848 ; have had nine children, seven 
 are living, named Elizabeth, William, Joseph, Margaret, James, Elsie and Ellen. Mr. 
 K., his wife, and some of the children, are members of the U. P. Church. Mr. K. is 
 a Republican. Mr. Kairns is bv profession a veterinary surgeon. 
 
 BENNA JER KELL.tTM, farmer, Sees. 5 and 6 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; 
 born in New York in Warren Co. in 1819 ; came to Jones Co. in 1861. Wife's maiden 
 name was Farley, a native also of New York ; they were married in their native State; 
 have two children living, named. Sarah (married to Mr. Miller), and J. F. Mr. Kellum 
 had one son in the army, whose name was Warren. p]nlisted in the 2d I. V. C, Co. I, 
 in August, 1861 ; died in St. Louis {of the measles) in the hospital, in January, 1862. 
 Mr. Kellum owns 120 acres in Wayne, 120 in Monticello, 80 in Castle Grove, 70 in 
 Richland. Mr. K. had been Road Supervisor in his town, and is a Republican. Mrs. 
 Kellum is a member of the M. E. Church. 
 
 JOHN KING, former. Sec. 26; P. O. Amber; born in Butler Co., Ohio, in 
 1835 ; came to Jones Co. in 1856. Has been Township Collector and Road Supervisor. 
 Owns 120 acres. Wife's maiden name was Mary Ann Murphy, a native of Indiana; 
 they were married in 1857 ; have had eight children, names of those living — H. F., Dora 
 F., J. A. and S. J. ; those dead were named Lizzie Jane, Martha Blanche, Jessie V. 
 and Charlie; three of these died of diphtheria in October, 1878. Mrs. King is a mem- 
 ber of the M. Pj. Church. Mr. King is a Republican. 
 
 J. C. I.AWRENCE, farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Monticello ; born in Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1821 ; came to Jones Co. in 1855, from Ohio ; lived in Monticello Township 
 about ten years, and lived in the village of Monticello nine months ; also lived on Bowen's 
 Prairie for a time. While in Monticello, he was in mercantile business, and was Post- 
 master ; since he came to his present home, he has been engaged in farming. Is at 
 present Justice of the Peace in his town, and has been such for a number of years; was 
 also in the same office while in Monticello. Wife's maiden name was Hannah L. Coggins, 
 a native of Pennsylvania also ; she was from Philadelphia ; they were married in 1841 ; 
 have had ten children, six of whom are living, named Agnes, Alice, Orange, Rachel, 
 Nellie and Hattie ; those dead were named Isaac, Bruce, Justin and Almira. Mr. L. 
 had two sons in the army, viz., Isaac and Bruce. Isaac was in the 31st I. Y. L, Co. H. 
 Enlisted in September, 1.S61 ; died in 1862, from disease contracted while in the service; 
 was at the battles of Arkansas Post, Jacksonville, Tenn., and in the siege of Vicksburg. 
 He had several bullet-holes made in his clothes during these engagements. Oliver Bruce, 
 the other son, was in an Ohio regiment, 10th Vol. Cavalry, Co. F. Enlisted Nov. 15, 
 1864, and was discharged July 24, 1865, at the close of the war. Mr. L. is a Repub- 
 lican. In 1878, was Township Assessor, and, at time of writing, had been nominated 
 for a second term. Owns eighty acres in Sec. 4 ; also has eighteen acres in Monticello 
 Township. 
 
 LOUIS liEEIC, farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in Wyoming 
 Co., N. Y., in 1832 ; came to Jones Co. in November, 1863. His wife's maiden name 
 
WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 631 
 
 Emily Annis, a native of of Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.; they were married in 1853 ; have 
 had five children, four are livinj^ — Lorenzo, Stephen, Nellie and Ida. Mr. Leek carries 
 on a farm on shares with Mr. Noah Bigley. He and his wife and one of the children 
 are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. Leek is a Republican. 
 
 JAMES LOCK WOOD, Jr., butter-maker ; P.O. 3Ionticello ; born in 
 Jones Co., near Anamosa, in December, 1856 ; has always lived in Jones Co.; his 
 mother is a resident of Monticello Township ; her name is Kline. Mr. Loekwood 
 works in the creamery of Mr. Sherman, at East Wayne. He is a Republican. 
 
 DANIEIi liOPER, farmer^ Sec. 29 ; P.O. Anamosa; born in Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1825 ; came to Jones Co. in 181:8 with his parents, who went to Des Moines 
 Co. in 1840 ; they are both dead. His wife's maiden name was Mary Hickson, a native 
 of Ohio; they were married in September, 1850 ; have had thirteen children, ten of 
 whom are living — Austin P., Osborn, Leroy, Eliza, Sylvester, Ida, Daniel Webster, 
 Lena, Elbert and Mary Ann. Those who died were Ellie Ann, Manf )rd and Willie. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Loper are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. L. is a Democrat. He 
 was a soldier in the Mexican war ; volunteered while living in Iowa, and was a member 
 of the 1st I. V. I.; was sent to Fort Atkinson, and to Minnesota and Wisconsin ; was 
 in the service aboiit two years and four months ; enlisted in 1846; was discharged in 
 1848, and, in the fall of the same year, settled in Jones Co., where he has since resided. 
 Owns 250 acres, about two hundred under cultivation. 
 
 JOHN McBRIDE, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. O. Monticello ; born in Trumbull 
 Co., Ohio, in 1816 ; came to Jones Co. in 1857. Owns forty acres on Sec. 22, eighty 
 on See. 23 and forty on Sec. 14, all in Wayne Township, and twenty-five acres in Scotch 
 Grove Township ; timber-land. Mr. McBride is Road Supervisor. His wife's maiden 
 name was Nelson, a native of Vermont ; they were married in 1869; have had one 
 child, which died when 20 months old. Mr. McBride was married before to Ann Nel- 
 son, a native of Pennsylvania ; this marriage took place in 1842 ; had one child — 
 Samuel Nelson, who was a soldier in the late civil war, and who died of chronic dysen- 
 tery in 1863 ; he was a member of the 31st I. V. I.; enlisted in 1862. Mr. McBride 
 was also married again to Isabella Craig in 1859, and had five children by that mar- 
 riage, three of whom are livinir — John Craig, Mary and James ; John is married and 
 lives in the same town.ship with his father. Mr. McBride, wife and daughter Mary, are 
 members of the U. P. Church ; he is a Republican. 
 
 THOMAS McELIN, farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born in Ireland in 
 
 1831 ; came to America in 1854, and to Jones Co. in 1871. His wife's maiden name 
 was Mary McEnany, a native of Ireland also ; they were married in 1856 ; have had six 
 children, three of whom are living — James, Philip and Mary. Mr. McElin and his 
 family are in the Catholic Church. Mr. M. is a Democrat. Owns 120 acres. 
 
 JAMES MILNE, farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Monticello; born in Scotland in 
 1821 ; came to Jones Co. in 1857. His wife's maiden name was EHzabeth Barr, a 
 native of Canada East ; they were married in 1870 ; have had four children, all of 
 whom are living — Helen, Agnes Blanche, James Wallace and Edna Jane. Mr. Milne 
 was married before, and had four children by that marriage, three of whom are living 
 — Joseph J., Hector Alexander and P]lizabeth Ann. Mr. xMilne own 160 acres; 
 eighty in Wayne and eighty in Scotch Grove Township. He and his wife and all the 
 grown children are members of the U. P. Church. Mr. M. is a Republican. 
 
 PERRY" MILLER, farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in Ohio in 
 
 1832 ; came to Jones Co. in 1847, and has since lived here. His wife's maiden name 
 was Eliza Cook, a native of Canada ; they were married in 1847 ; have had five chil- 
 dren, all of whom are living — John Wesley, George Ira, Eifie May, Frank Alexander 
 and Mary Maria. Mr. Miller was Tax Collector of his township one season. He is 
 among the oldest settlers in Jones Co. He and his wife are members of the M. E. 
 Church ; he is a Republican. 
 
 H. W. PERRINE, farmer, Sec. 8; P. 0. Langworthy; born in Pennsylvania 
 in 1822; raised in Ohio; came to Jones Co. in 1857 to live, but came and purchased 
 his land two years before. Mr. Perrine has been married three times. Maiden name 
 
632 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 of first wife was Zinn, a native also of Pennsylvania : they were married in 1850. 
 Maiden name of second wife was Baker, a native of New England; they were married 
 in 1858 ; had six children, five of whom are living — Jessie, Maggie, Atta May, Sadie 
 and Johnnie. Maiden name of third wife was Allen, a native of England; they were 
 married in 1872 ; have three children — Alfred, Florence Emily and Ernest Edwin. 
 Mr. P. owns eighty acres, in blocks, within the limits of the village of Langworthy. 
 Mr. Pcriine and his wife are members of the M. E. Church; he is a Republican. 
 
 JOHN PL. ATNER, firmer. Sec. 36, and keeper of county farm ; P. 0. Cen- 
 ter Junction ; born in Ulster Co., N. Y., town of Kingston, in 1832 ; came to Jones Co. 
 in 1861) ; there is, in the farm belonging to the county, 200 acres with the various out- 
 buildings ; a new barn will be built in the spring of 1880; in addition to the land 
 belonging to the county, there is rented fifty-five acres more, which is also used for 
 county purposes; average number of acres sown to wheat, 20; of fall wheat, 16; of 
 rye, 14; of corn, 50 ; of oats, 15; buckwheat, 5; there are, at the time of writing, 
 twenty inmates of the County House. The stock upon the farm is as follows : Cows, 
 13 ; 1 two-year-old ; yearlings, 8 ; calves, 7 ; bulls, 1 ; hogs, 90 ; horses, 5 ; mules, 2. 
 The County House is 30x40, two stories and basement, and an L upon each side of it. 
 Mr. Platuer is a School Director also in his town. Wife's maiden name was Kimball, 
 a native of New York also; they were married in October, 1853; have three children, 
 named George Gr., Tice Irvin and Florence Irene ; have lost two — Mary Katherine and 
 John Howard. Mrs. Platner is a member of the United Presbyterian Church. Mr. 
 P. is a Republican ; he owns lands as follows: 180 acres in Madison Township, 57 in 
 Jackson, 20 in Wyoming — all in Jones Co., besides 80 acres in Woodbury Co. ; also 
 17 J lots in Center Junction, and a house and barn in the same place. 
 
 J, I>, PRIEST, farmer. Sees. 19 and 30; P. O. Anamosa ; born in Jeffer- 
 son Co., N. Y., in 1822 ; came to Jones Co. in 1864; was in the late civil war; enlisted, 
 Oct. 24, 1864, in Co. D, 2d I. V. I.; discharged June 25, 1865; after enlisting, he 
 did not reach his regiment, on account of sickness ; was sick with pulmonary disease, 
 and was in the hospital all the time he was in the service, consequently could not do 
 active duty ; he has lived in Jones Co. ever since coming out of the service. His wife's 
 maiden name was Sarah C. Hutchius, a native of New York; they were married Feb. 
 4,1851; have had eight children, five of whom are living, as follows : Ella Hattie, 
 James B., George W., Mary C. and Martin D. ; those dead were named Ada Gertrude, 
 Abbie Jane and Levens D. Mr. and Mrs. P. and two of the children are members of 
 the M. E. Church. Mr. Priest is a Republican ; owns eighty-two acres. 
 
 HOWARD PUTNAM, Superintendent of Diamond Creamery No. 2, East 
 Wayne, owned by H. D. Sherman ; creamery is in Wayne Township, Union District. 
 Mr. Putnam resides in Monticello; born in Dubuque Co. Dec. 14, 1844 ; came to Jones 
 Co. in 1865 ; his parents live in Iowa. Wife's maiden name was Jane M. Kline, a 
 native of Virginia; they were married in 1862; have had five children, three are liv- 
 ing — Cynthia Ann, John William and Ada Florence ; those dead were named Delia 
 Francis and Carrie Louise. Mr. and Mrs. Putnam are members of the Disciples' 
 Church. Mr. Putnam is a Republican ; he owns a house and twelve lots in the city of 
 Monticello. 
 
 MICHAEli QIJIGLEY, farmer. Sec. 32; P. 0. Anamosa; born in Ire- 
 land, county of Westmeath, in 1829 ; came to America in 1848. and to Jones Co. in 
 1870. Wife's maiden name was Margaret McElin, a native of the old country also ; 
 they were married in 1849 ; have had eleven children, seven are living — James, Mary, 
 Ann, Ellen, Elizabeth, Julia, Kate. Mr. Quigley and his family are Catholics ; he is 
 Democrat; owns eighty acres. 
 
 W. H. RAL(ST(^X, clergyman ; P. 0. Scotch Grove ; born in Armstrong 
 Co., Penn., in 1835 ; came to Jones Co. and to his present work in 1864 ; the society is 
 called the Congregation of Scotch Grove, of the United Presbyterian Church ; the 
 Church of which he is Pastor was organized in 1856 ; the first Pastor was Rev. A. J. 
 Allen. Mr. Ralston succeeded him, and has been Pastor fifteen years ; the work of 
 building the church edifice was commenced in 1864 and completed in 1866, and dedicated 
 
WAYNE TOWNSHIP, 633 
 
 and first used for worship Jan. 21, 186G ; the present membership is about eighty, 
 and a Sabbath school is in connection with the society ; the society is in good con- 
 dition ; the parsonage belonging to the Church was built in 1867. Mrs. Kalston's 
 maiden name was Carrie M. Eaton, a native of Massachusetts; they were married in 
 1865 ; have two children — Mary F. and Carrie L. The children are members of the 
 United Presbyterian Church also. Mr. Ealston is a Republican. 
 
 J. C. RAMSEY, agent of the Midland Branch of the Chicago & North- 
 Western Railway at Amber, in Wayne Township, Jones Co., Iowa; was born in Plain 
 Grove, Mercer Co., Penn., in 1835 ; he is the son of Isaac T. Ramsey and Mary Jor- 
 den, of Pennsylvania; he first came to Jones Co. in 1862. He was married, in Law- 
 rence Co., Penn., on the 16th of April, 1863, to Miss Martha A. Dickey, daughter of 
 David Dickey and Nancy Love, of the same county ; they have five children — Ella 
 May, Eugene E., Joseph, Jasper H. and Addison D. Mr. Ramsey is express agent at 
 Amber, and is also a dealer in lumber, grain and agricultural implements ; he has a farm 
 of eighty acres in Sec. 34 of the same township, which he rents ; he owns several other 
 buildings in the village, besides the warehouse which he occupies ; he was instrumental 
 in locating the depot at this point, and has been the agent ever since the establishment 
 of the depot in January, 1875 ; the first shipment of grain from this station was on 
 the 9th of February, 1875, and was sent by the firm of Ramsey, Hartman & Co., the 
 silent partner being Mrs. C. E. Sanford, who is still a resident of Amber ; has always 
 been a reliable Republican and an influential citizen, but has not sought office, although 
 he has held all town.ship offices except Constable ; he now is, and has been for several 
 years, a Justice of the Peace ; he is a Royal Arch Mason ; he is liberal and public- 
 spirited in all his views, is thoroughly identified with the business interests of the town, 
 and would be a prominent man and useful citizen in any community, because of his 
 practical judgment and business ability. 
 
 DAVID REED, farmer. Sec. 21; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in Pennsylva- 
 nia in 1823 ; came to Jones Co. in 1857. Wife's maiden name was Mary C. Scriven, 
 from Pennsylvania also; born in 1838; they were married in 1859; have six children — 
 Elizabeth Jane, Clarinda Ann, Emma, James, Avert and David Arthur. Mr. Reed owns 
 120 acres. Mr. and Mrs. Reed and three of the children are in the M. E. Church. He 
 is a Republican. 
 
 OERD. RTCKELrS, farmer, Sec. 16; P.O. Monticello ; born in Germany 
 in 1855 ; came to America and to Jones Co. in 1867. Mr. Rickels carries on the farm 
 of his father, Mr. Henry Rickels, 120 acres. Wife's maiden name was Tobiasen, a 
 native of Germany also ; they were married in 1875 ; have two children — Henry and 
 Garret. Mr. Rickels, wife and children are in the Lutheran Church. He is a 
 Republican. 
 
 C. E. SAIVFORD, merchant, Amber ; born in Ohio in 1841 ; came to 
 Jones Co. in 1852. Her husband, Mr. Allen P. Sanford, died in 1872. Mrs. Sanford 
 owns the building in which she does business, and has a home in Amber, and 212 acres 
 of land, all in Wayne Township. She is in company with her son, the firm name being 
 C. E. Sanford & Son. She and Mr. Sanford were married in 1857 ; had two children, 
 both livins; — William H. and Allen P. William is a Republican. 
 
 W."P. SANFORD, farmer. Sec. 25; P. 0. Center Junction; born ia 
 Knox Co., Ohio, in 1830; came to Jones Co. in 1854; owns 400 acres. Wife's maiden 
 name was Elizabeth Esp}^, a native of Mercer Co., Penn. ; they were married in 1855; 
 have five children— Franklin, Albert, Harvey, Meade and Delano. Mrs. Sanford is a 
 member of the U. P. Church. Mr. Sanford is a Republican. 
 
 WILLIA^tt H. SANFORD, merchant and grain-dealer, Amber ; born in 
 Jones Co., Iowa, in 1859. Wife's maiden name was Maggie Cook, a native of Iowa 
 also ; they' were married in the fall of 1878 ; have one child— Jennie. Mr. Sanford is 
 a member of the firm of C. E. Sanford & Son, dealers in general merchandise ; the firm 
 commenced business in October, 1877 ; they do a large and successful business ; sales 
 average about S7,000 per year. Mr. Sanford is also engaged in the grain business in 
 company with P. J. Hartman ; firm name of Hartman & Sanford ; they ship about 
 
634 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 twenty car loads of graia per year. Mr. Sanford, with his brother, Allen P., owns a 
 farm of 200 acres on Sec. 35, same township ; have the farm rented. Mr. Sanford is a 
 Republican. 
 
 CHRISTOPHER SCHEER, former, Sec. 3 ; P. O. Monticello ; born 
 in Germany in IS-tl ; came to Jones Co. in 1S61 ; owns 160 acres; was in the war of 
 the rebellion, a member of the Marine Artillery of Illinois ; enlisted in the fall of 1862 ; 
 discharged in 1863. Wife's maiden name was Angle Rasted, a native, also, of Ger- 
 many ; they were married in 1863 ; have had ten children, eight of whom are living — 
 Mary Rastei, Charlie, Adam, Margaret, Henry, August, Matilda and Augusta ; two of 
 these are the children of his wife, who had been married before, and these children 
 resulted from that marriage; those dead were named Emma and Annie. Mr. Scheer 
 and his entire family are in the Lutheran Ctiurch. He is a Republican. One daughter 
 is married and lives in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1873, Mr. Scheer was Road Supervisor of 
 his town. 
 
 THOMAS SCHOOXOVER, former, See. 14; P. 0. Monticello; born 
 in Binghamton, Broome Co., N. Y., in ISQi) ; came to Jones Co., Iowa, in 1855 ; 
 owns 120 acres in Sec. 14 and forty acres in Sec. 24. Wife's maiden name was Sarah 
 Wiggins, a native of Pennsylvania; they were married in 1828, in their native State; 
 have had four children ; three are living — Lawrence, George and Averet. Mr. Schoon- 
 ovcr a:id wife and two of the children are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. S. is a 
 Republican. 
 
 PETER SCHWARTZ, farmer. Sec. 36; P. 0. Amber; born in Ger- 
 many in 1827 ; came to America and to Jones Co. in 1868; owns 120 acres. Wife's 
 maiden name was Folhaber, a native of Germany also ; they were married in 1872 ; 
 have two children — Annie and Katie. In politics, Mr. Schwartz is Independent. 
 
 O. 4jr. SCRI VKN^S, farmer, Sees. 5 and 8 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in 
 Bradford Co., Penn., in 1817; came to Jones Co. in June, 1856; owns 120 acres. 
 Wife's maiden name was Clarinda Wiggins, a native, also, of Pennsylvania ; they were 
 married in their native State ; have had nine children, five are living — Mary Ellen, 
 Charles Mathias, John Wesley, Matilda and William H. Of his four children that are 
 dead, one, a daughter, aged 16, was frozen to death. Mr. S., his oldest daughter and one 
 of his .sons are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. Scriveus is a Republican. 
 
 P. H. SHER]|fA9f, farmer. Sec. 18; P. 0. Langworthy; born in Cat- 
 taraugus Co., N. Y., in 1838 ; came to Jones Co. with his. family in 1854, where he 
 has since resided ; owns 200 acres ; has land, also, in Cass and Monticello Townships. 
 Wife's maiden name was Jerusha Smith, also a native of New York ; they were married 
 in 1858 ; have had eight children, seven of whom are living — James P., Frank H., 
 Mary Ellen, Alice, Nellie and Freddie, the youngest child not named at time of writing. 
 Mr. Sherman is Captain and Trea.surer of the Farmers' Protective Society, headquarters 
 at Langworthy, the object of which is to protect the people through the country from 
 the depredations of hor.se-thieves. Mr. S. is a Republican. 
 
 JOHN A. SIEBELS, former, Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Amber; born in Germany 
 in 1832 ; came to America in the spring of 1872, and to Jones Co. the same year. His 
 wife's maiden name was Altien Rickelfs, also a native of Germany ; they were married 
 in 1860; have six children — Carl Wilhelm, Annie Elisabeth, Rickelfs August, Anke 
 Margaret, Catherine and Tatae Margaret. Mr. Siebels and his entire family are 
 members of the Lutheran Church; Mr. Siebels is a Republican. Owns 100 acres of 
 land. 
 
 HENRY SmOIONS, former. Sec. 1; P. 0. Monticello; born in Canada 
 in 1814; came to Jones Co. in 1834. His wife's maiden name was Katherine 
 McCarty, a native of Canada; they were married Jan. 25, 1836; have had nine 
 children, seven of whom are living — Charles, George, Harriet, Jennie, Carrie, William 
 and Emma. Mr. Simmons is a Republican. Owns 160 acres of land. 
 
 H. H. SOPER, former. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; lives with and carries on 
 business with his father, Mr. George Soper, who is one of the oldest and wealthiest 
 citizens of Wayne Township. The subject of this sketch was born in Anamosa, Iowa, 
 
WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 635 
 
 Jan. 4, 185S, and has always lived in this county. His wife's maiden name was Lizzie 
 Johnson, a native of Germany; they were married Sept. IG, 1879. Mrs. Soper is a 
 member of the Lutheran Church ; Mr. Soper is a Republican. 
 
 GEORGE SOPER, fWmer, Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; owns 320 acres of 
 laud in Sec. 31 and IGO acres in another part of the township. He was born in the 
 town of Pitcher, Chenango Co., N. Y.,in 1827 ; came to Jones Co. in 1848. His wife's 
 maiden name was Margery Ann Ryan, a native of Ohio ; she came to Iowa when she 
 -was 1 year old; they were married in 1857; have nine children — Horace, Melissa, 
 Ella, Douglass, Joseph, Frank, Charlie, Addie and Jennie ; two of the children are 
 married, and live in the same township. Mr. and Mrs. Soper, and Ella and Melissa, 
 are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 E. H. STACY, farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; was born in the town of 
 De Kalb, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., in 1840 ; came to Jones Co. in February, 1868. 
 His wife's maiden name was Annie S. Benton, also a native of New York, same county, 
 town of Canton ; they were married in 1864 ; have had four children, two of whom are 
 living — Johnnie and Hattie; those dead were named Frankie and Clinton. Mrs. Stacy 
 is a Methodist; Mr. Stacy, in politics, is a Republican. Owns 200 acres of land, all 
 improved. Deals lai-gely in stock ; has a number of cows, and supplies milk to the 
 creamery at Langworthy; milks twenty-three cows. 
 
 JOHX STUTT, farmer, Sec. 15; P. 0. Monticello ; born in Germany in 
 1838; came to this country in 1858, and to Jones Co. in 1865. His wife's maiden 
 name was Mary Haiins, a native of Germany; they were married in 1866; have five 
 children — Henry, John, Herman, Meta and Edward. Mr. Stutt owns 160 acres of 
 land. He was a soldier in the war of the rebellion, in the 34th 111. V. I., Company D ; 
 enlisted in 1861, and was discharged in 1862 ; re-enlisted in the Marine Brigade, and was 
 discharged in 1864; was in the battles of Pittsburg Landing, Vicksburg, etc. All the 
 family are Lutherans ; Mr. Stutt is a Republican. 
 
 MRS. A^N SUL.LIVAX, farmer, Sec. 29; P. 0. Anamosa; .born in 
 Springfield, 111., in 1844 ; came to Jones Co. in 1869, where she has since resided. 
 Her husband, Mr. John Sullivan, died in January, 1871 ; they were married in 1862; 
 have had five children, three of whom are living — Daniel, Mary and James; those dead 
 were named Michael and Ellen. Mrs. Sullivan and her children are Catholics. She 
 owns seventy-six acres of land. 
 
 J. R. SUTTON, -farmer. Sec. 6; P. 0. Langworthy; carries on a farm of 
 about three hundred and sixty acres, on shares with Mr. B. Kellum. He was born in 
 Independence, Warren Co., N. J., in 1835; came to Jones Co. in October, 1876. Was 
 in the war of the rebellion, a member of the 7th N. J. V. I.; enlisted Aug. 24, 1861, 
 and was dischai'ged in 1864; was in Company E ; was in the battles of Williamsburg, 
 Bull Run No. 2, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Malvern Hill, Fair Oaks, Mine Run, 
 Bristow Station, etc. His wife's maiden name was Goarcke, also a native of New 
 Jersey, Morris Co.; they were married in 1865. Mr. Sutton is a Republican. 
 
 B. H. TOBIASEX, farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Monticello; owns 120 acres; 
 born in Germany in 1844; came to America in 1864, and to Jones Co. in 1865. 
 Wife's maiden name was Annie Hoyen, a native also of Germany; they were mirried 
 in October, 1873; have two children — Katie and Gretke. Mr. Tobiasen, his wife and 
 the children are in the Lutheran Church ; he is a Republican. 
 
 H. A. TOEBfJES, farmer. Sec. 28; P. 0. xMonticello ; born in Germany in 
 1856 ; came to America and Jones Co. in 1874. Owns eighty acres. Wife's maiden 
 name was Zimmerman, a native of Ohio ; they were married in 1877 ; have two chil- 
 dren — John and Annie. All the family are Lutherans. 
 
 H. B. T03ILIXS0N, farmer, with Mr. Chester Hungerford ; P. 0. Ana- 
 mosa ; born in Washington Co., Va., in 1840; came to Jones Co. in 1871. Was a 
 soldier in an Illinois regiment, the 3d 111. V. C Owns 360 acres of land in McLeod 
 Co.. Minn. His parents are both dead. Goes up into Minnesota occasionally to attend 
 to his property there, which is near Glencoe. Mr. Tomlinson is a member of the Bap- 
 tist Church ; he is a Republican. 
 
636 ' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 FRED YOLKER<$, farmer, Sec. 28 ; P. O. Langworthy ; carries on a farm 
 on sbares with Henry Rickels ; born in Germany in 1849; came to America and to 
 Jones Co. in 1872. Was a soldier in the old country and was in the Franco-Prussian 
 war. Wife's maiden name was Adelina Henrietta Van Baesten, a native of Germany 
 also ; have had four children, three are living — Johnnie, Theodore, Louise Henrietta, 
 Annie Maggie. All the family are Lutherans ; 3Ir. Volkers is a Democrat. 
 
 FRED VOX STROHE, clergyman Evangelical Lutheran Church, near 
 Monticello ; P. O. Monticello ; was born in Jonesville, Ind., in 1856; received his 
 education at Fort Wayne and St. Louis ; was at Fort Wayne six years and at St. Louis 
 three; graduated at Concordia Theological Seminary in 1879, and is now in his first 
 settled ministerial work. His parents live in Indiana. He has a fine field for labor 
 where he now is; the church was built in 1877 ; the membership is about seventeen; 
 they are old settlers, and are among the best farmers of the county. Mr. Von Strobe is 
 not married ; boards with Mr. John Null, and has the parsonage for his sleeping apart- 
 ments, library and home; the parsonage was built before the church, and the upper 
 part was used for church purposes for some time before the church was built. 
 
 PAUL. WARNER, farmer. Sec. 10; P. 0. Langworthy; owns 260 acres, 
 100 acres in Sec. 10, and 160 in Sec. 15; born in Pennsylvania in 1825 ; came to 
 Jones Co. in 1861. Wife's maiden name was Mary Ann Hanna, a native also of 
 Pennsylvania; they were married in 1852, in their native State; have six children — 
 Laecia Ann, Sai'ah Jane, Edward Munson, Henry Franklin, Mary Elvira, William 
 Bradin. Mr. and Mrs. Warner and three of the children are members of the Presby- 
 terian Church; Mr. W. is a Republican. 
 
 JOSEPH A. WEISS, farmer, Sec. 34; P. 0. Amber; owns forty acres, 
 all under cultivation; value $1,400. Born in Northampton Co., Penn., in 1846; 
 came to Jones Co. Aug. 8, 1865 ; has since resided here, but not all the time in Wayne 
 Township; lived in Jackson six years. Was in the war of the rebellion, a member of 
 the 54th Penn. V. I.; enlisted first the 11th of December, 1861 ; was in Co. K, a 
 drummer ; was discharged Feb. 22, 1864 ; re-enlisted as a veteran in same regiment, 
 Co. B, Feb. 23, 1864, as a drummer again, and was such until discharged, which was 
 July 15, 1865, at the close of the war; was in Gen. Phil Sheridan's command ; also 
 under Gen. Franz Siegel and Gen. Hunter; in the last year of his service, was in the 
 command of Gen. Ord ; was in the battle of Cedar Creek, Va., where Sheridan made 
 his famous charge after riding from " twenty miles away ; " Mr. Weiss' command joined 
 the Army of the Potomac, and was near Richmond when it fell ; his regiment, com- 
 manded by Gen. T. B. Reade, was captured by Lee's army. Wife's maiden name was 
 Amanda Albright, a native of Pennsylvania; born Nov. 3, 1854; they were married 
 in Olin, Iowa, July 8, 1871. 
 
 SALEM WESTCOTT, former. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Monticello ; owns house 
 and three and one-half lots in Sand Springs, Delaware Co., Iowa ; at present is over- 
 seeing the fiirm of Mr. George W. Lovel, of Monticello ; born in Oneida Co., N. Y. y 
 came to Jones Co. in 1879; has lived near the county line though for ten years. 
 Wife's maiden name was Shoemaker, a native of Herkimer Co., N. Y. ; they were 
 married in 1863; have had two children, one is living — Clinton. He and Mrs. West- 
 cott are members of the M. E. Church ; he is a Republican. Mr. W. superintends a 
 farm of 1,0((0 acres. 
 
 SELIM WOORSTER, former, Sec. 18; P.O. Langworthy; born in 
 Cheshire Co., N. H., in 1822 ; came to Jones Co. in 1853, where he has since resided. 
 Wife's maiden name was Lucy Ripley, a native also of New Hampshire ; born in 
 1825; they were married in June, 1845 ; have had eleven children, ten of whom are 
 living, as follows : George, John, Waldo, Alden, Chios, Miranda, Willie, Hattie, Cora 
 and Henry ; the one dead was named Carrie. Mr. Woorster is a Republican and an 
 infidel. Owns 265 acres, all fenced and considerable under cultivation. 
 
 JOHN YOUSSE, farmer, Sec. 4; P. O. Monticello; owns 160 acres; 
 born in Ohio in 1843; came to Jones Co. in 1857 with his parents. Wife's maiden 
 name was Welde Gear, a native of Ohio also ; they were married in 1873 ; have had 
 
HALE TOWNSHIP. 637 
 
 four children, three of whom are living — Walter, Allie and Ray; Abraham, deceased. 
 Mr. Yousse has a fine f;irm well improved. He and his wife and two of the children 
 are members of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Y. is a Republican. 
 
 A. G. ZOIMERMAX, farmer, Sec. ^2; P. 0. Monticello ; born in the 
 Kingdom of Hanover, Germany, in 1831 ; came to America in 1853, and to Jones Co. 
 in 1860. Wife's maiden name was Annie Grumm, a native also of the old country ; 
 they were married in 1859 ; have had ten children, nine are living — Margaret, Angeline, 
 Eliza, Garret, William, John, Sophia, Matilda and Harmon. Mr. Zimmerman owns 
 240 acres, eighty of which is in Section 27. Mr. Z. has been Road Supervisor for one 
 or two terms. He and the entire family are in the Lutheran Church ; he is a Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 W. I. ZIMMERMA^N", farmer. Sec. 9; P. 0. Monticello; owns forty 
 acres; born in Germany in 1840; came to Jones Co. in 1870. Wife's maiden name 
 was Eliza Hayen, a native also of Germany; they were married in 1864; have six 
 children— C. M., G. M., E. W., F. M., A. G. and A. M. Mr. Zimmerman, his wife 
 and children are members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Z. is not a voter. 
 
 HALE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 J. €. AUSTIN, farmer, Sec. 10; P. 0. Hale Village; born in Orange Co., 
 Vt., in 1827, and, in 1836, came to Kane Co., 111., and remained there until 1854, 
 when he came to Iowa and entered 600 acres, and now owns 400 acres, on which he has 
 made all of the improvements. He has been Road Supervisor and Justice of the Peace. 
 Enlisted in August, 1862, and was elected Captain of Co. G, 31st I. V. I.; mustered 
 out in February, 1863, on account of disability. His wife, Helen M. Thurston, was 
 born in Genesee Co., N. Y., in 1832; came to Illinois and was married, in 1851, at 
 Dundee, 111.; they have three children — Frank E., agent of the C, M. & St. P. R. R., 
 at Hale ; Edmond F., merchant at Olin ; George T., attending the farm with his father. 
 In politics. Republican ; in religion, liberal. 
 
 U. BARKER, farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Monroe Co., N. Y., ia 
 1823 ; went to Michigan and was there five years, then to Illinois and was there seven 
 years, and then to Iowa in 1845; entered and owns 160 acres; built the house and 
 barn. Enlisted, in 1861, in the 9th 111. V. I.; discharged in 1864. In politics. Repub- 
 lican ; in religion, liberal. His first wife, Clarissa Pike, was born in New York, and 
 died in 1860; had two children — Uphenia and Florence (deceased). Second wife, 
 Mary Barlow, was born in New York in 1842 ; married in 1867, and has five children 
 — Annie, EUie, Dora, Albert and an infant. 
 
 WILiIilAM BAKER, farmer. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Clarence ; born in Ohio in 
 1826, and went to Indiana and remained eighteen years ; then, in 1851, came to Iowa ; 
 returned to Indiana ; then, in 1853, came with his family and settled in Cedar Co., 
 Iowa, and entered 160 acres, which he sold, and bought and now owns 206 acres, on 
 which he has made all the improvements — a barn, 32x42 feet, a good house, fences and 
 put place in good order ; his market, at first, was Davenport, and he has sold wheat for 
 35 cents, and pork for SI. 50. His wife, Amanda J. Stone, was born in Pennsylvania 
 in 1835, and went to Indiana, and then to Wisconsin. 3Iarried in 1856 ; have seven 
 children — Franklin (died in 1857), Henry B., Adda, Clayton, Elizabeth, Emma and 
 Louie. 
 
 ANDREW BALLOU, farmer. Sec. 30; P. 0. Olin; born in New York 
 in 1830 ; went to Michigan in 1842, then to Iowa in 1854 ; bought 200 and now 
 owns 618 acres ; has a fine place, and everything in good order. In politics. Repub- 
 lican : in religion, liberal ; has been Supervisor. His wife, Philisa Cole, was born in 
 Ohio in 1832"; came to Iowa when young. Married in 1855, and had seven children — 
 Hiram (died in 1857), Jessie, Sula, Andrew, Charlie, Pheba and Sarah. Has hauled 
 
638 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 grain to Davenport for his neighbors, and was so poor he would only eat one meal on 
 the trip so as to save the means for the purpose of building a home for the family. 
 
 JOSEPH BLASEDEL.L., farmer, Sec. 23; P. 0. Clarence; born in 
 Lancashire, England, in 1823 ; came to America in 18-1:7, and remained five years in 
 New York; then, in 1852, to Iowa; he helped to build the house for Benjamin Free- 
 man; bought 100 acres of land of Mr. Francis, and now owns 260 acres and has a 
 fine house; horse-barn, 32x42 feet, with basement, 8-foot rock, 16-foot posts; cow barn, 
 26x40 feet, 16-foot posts, and wing 20x22; corn-crib, double, 32 feet in length; this 
 is one of the finest places in Hale Township. In politics. Republican ; in religion, 
 Free-Will Baptist. His wife was born in North Carolina ; Adeline Thomas ; came to 
 Iowa in 1S51. Married in 1854, and have seven children — Mary B., Columbus (at 
 school at Milton), David, Oscar, Ida, Albert and Cashie. 
 
 THOMAS BLEASDELI^, farmer. Sec. 33; P. 0. Clarence; born in 
 Iowa in 1857 ; owns sixty acres of land. In politics. Republican; in religion, liberal. 
 His wife. Jennet Karin, was born in Illinois in 1856. Married in 1875, and have one 
 child — Elmer Ellsworth. 
 
 JAMES T. BRICKEEY, farmer. Sec. 28; P. 0. Olin ; born in Maryland 
 in 1828; came to Iowa in 1854 ; owns 134 acres, on which he has made all the improve- 
 ments ; house 16x28, with wing 14x16, and modern fixtures; barn, 31x40, 20-foot 
 posts. Enlisted in the 9th I. V. I., in 1861, discharged in 1862 at Memphis. In 
 politics, Democrat ; in religion, Methodist Episcopal. Has been Road Supervisor. His 
 wife, Elizabeth Brickley, was born in Maryland in 1840; married in 1865 ; had three 
 children — Clara May, died in October, 1873 ; Annie Lizzie, born in October, 1873 ; 
 Clarence J., January, 1878. 
 
 CHARLES BRUNTL.ETT, farmer, Sec. 2; P. 0. Wyoming; born in 
 Ohio; in 1853, came to Illinois, and, in 1855, to Iowa; owns 80 acres. In politics, 
 Republican ; in religion, Methodist Episcopal. His wife, Ella Kimbell, was born in 
 Wisconsin in 1853, married in 1878, and have one child — Elsie. 
 
 WILLIAM BUCKLEY, farmer. Sec. 27; P. 0. Clarence; born in 
 1822, in Athens Co., Ohio ; came to Iowa in 1853 ; entered eighty acres, and now owns 
 140 acres ; made all the improvements ; his market was Dubuque, and hauled grain, 
 taking from three to five days for a trip, and received 35 cents per bushel. Has 
 been Road Supervisor and School Director. In politics. Republican ; in religion, Free- 
 Will Baptist. His wife, Sarah Boyles, was born in Athens Co., Ohio; married in 
 1847 ; have had eleven children — Parker (now in Jones Co.), Charles (in California), 
 John ; Mary (now 3Irs. Smith in Kansas), Charlotta, Millie, George, Fred, Libbie, 
 Horace, died in 1848; Franklin, died in 1865. 
 
 JOSEPH BUMOARNER, farmer, Sec. 13; P. 0. Hale Village; born 
 in 1810, in Berkeley Co., Va. ; came to Indiana, and, in 1843, to Iowa, and entered 
 120 acres; now owns 126; made part of the improvements. In religion, liberal ; in 
 politics. Republican ; has been Road Supervisor, School Director and Trustee. His 
 wife, Eliza Green, born in New York in 1816 ; came to Indiana when young ; married 
 in 1835, died Sept. 20, 1878 ; have had thirteen children — Rebecca (now Mrs. J. Cole), 
 Mary (now Mrs. Porter, in Shelby Co., Iowa), Rhoda, Elizabeth (deceased), Sarah 
 (now Mrs. Glick, of Nebraska), Jane (now Mrs. Porter, in Guthrie Co., Iowa), Belin- 
 dia (now Mrs. Porter, in Jones Co.), Annie (now Mrs. Fulk, of Jones Co.), Hannah 
 (now deceased, was Mrs. Catlin), Martha, Jackson, Edward, George. 
 
 J. H. BURGESS, former. Sec. 20; P. 0. Olin; born in New York in 
 1836; went to Whiteside Co., 111., and remained about twenty years; then in 1866, to 
 Jones Co., Iowa, and owns 147 acres. In politics. Republican ; in religion, liberal. His 
 wife, Luvina Switzer, born in Pennsylvania in 1846, came to Lee Co., 111., in 1856, 
 married in 1866, and have had six children — Ben C, born July 20, 1877 ; Pearly M., 
 Nov. 24, 1868; James, Sept. 17, 1871 ; Charles B., Aug. 6, 1872; Milin E., Oct. 13, 
 1873; Etta M., Nov. 12, 1875. 
 
 HENRY COLE, farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Clarence ; born in New York in 
 1824 ; came to Iowa in 1849, settled in Jones Co., and entered and now owns 135 acres; 
 
 I 
 
HALE TOWNSHIP. 639 
 
 made all the improvements ; has sold grain in Davenport for 40 cents per bushel ; pork, 
 dressed, at $1.50 per hundred, taking three days for a trip. Has held the office of 
 School Director; is now Trustee of the Free- Will Baptist Church, and Treasurer. 
 His wife, Mary Simpson, was born in Indiana in 1834 ; came to Iowa in 1839 ; mar- 
 ried March 7, 1852, and had four children — William S., died in infancy; Amanda J. 
 (now Mrs. M. Wolfe, of Jones Co.) ; Hannah N., died in infancy; George A., born in 
 Hale Township in 1854. In politics. Republican ; in religion, liberal. His wife, Edith 
 M. Smith, born in Illinois in 1800, came to Iowa in 1870 ; married in 1876 ; have two 
 children — Gertrude M. and William H. 
 
 BENJAMIN CRUISE, farmer, Sec. 26; P. 0. Clarence; born in Ohio 
 in 1837, and came to Kendall Co., 111., and in 1842 came to Jones Co., Iowa, and 
 entered 160 acres, and now own 200 acres, on which he has made all the improvements. 
 In politics. Democrat; in religion, liberal. His wife, Eliza Shaft, was born in Ohio in 
 1847 ; they were married in Cedar Co. in 1869, and have four children — Freddie, Charlie, 
 Benjamin and Frankie. 
 
 W. CRONKHITE, farmer. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Hale Village ; born in Indiana 
 in 1833 ; came to Iowa in 1837 ; in 1874, he bought and owns 283 acres, and made 
 the improvements ; has been Road Supervisor, School Director and Justice of the 
 Peace. In politics, he is Republican ; in religion. Christian. His wife, Caroline M. 
 Mangold, was born in Switzerland; came to America in 1841 ; married in 1866; has 
 had six children — Harold, Celeste, Alice (died in 1878), Luvonia (died in 1877), 
 Chase, Luvonia. Enlisted in 31st I. V. I. in 1862 ; discharged in 1865. 
 
 JASON EL.LIS, farmer. Sec. 5; P. 0. Wyoming; born Nov. 17, 1826, 
 in JeflPerson Co., N. Y.; in 1849, came to Illinois; in 1855, he came to his present 
 farm ; owns 200 acres of land. Married Mercy A. Colby in 1857 ; she was born in 
 Pennsylvania ; have seven children — Ellen (now Mrs. Gallagher), Ada, Farnum, Mary, 
 William, Edna and Benjamin; lost Elisha, aged 3 years 3 months and 13 days, and 
 Farnum, aged 1 year 2 months and 26 days. Republican ; is a member of M. E. 
 Church. 
 
 H. C. FREEMAN, farmer. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Clarence ; born in Ohio in 
 1833 (Butler Co.) ; came to Iowa in 1851 ; entered, with the family, 260 acres, and 
 now owns 325 acres, and has made all the improvements on the place; has a fine house, 
 barn and things in general good order. In religion, liberal ; in politics. Republican. 
 Enlisted in the 9th I. V. I., in 1861 ; discharged in 1862. and re-enlisted as 2d Lieu- 
 tenant in 31st I. V. I. in 1864, and was mustered out in 1863; at present is one of 
 the County Board of Supervisors. His wife, Nancy A. Patten, was born in Tippeca- 
 noe Co., Ind., Feb. 11, 1840 ; married Feb. 22, 1860, and have six children— Harry 
 H., Galusha, Earl Clifford, Mav, Mat and Blanch. 
 
 HAIHIL.TON FREEMAN, farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Clarence ; born in 
 Ohio in 1830 ; came to Iowa in 1851 ; his Either and the brothers entered 560 acres, 
 and he now owns 250 acres, on which he has made all of the improvements ; has a fine 
 barn and house, and is largely engaged in stock-raising. He has been Collector, Road 
 Supervisor, Trustee and School Director. His wife, Agnes Moor, was born in Ireland 
 in 1830 ; came to Iowa in 1852, and settled in Cedar Co.; married in 1853, and has 
 had eight children — James M. (died in 1877), Elizabeth (now the wife of a son of 
 Senator Kent, of Cedar Co.), Charles H., Benjamin, Annie, Willie, Harry and Maggie. 
 In politics, is a Republican ; in religion, liberal. 
 
 JOHN GLICK, farmer, Sec. 31 ; P. 0. OUn ; born in Ohio in 1833, and 
 came to Indiana in 1840 and remained until 1856, when he came to Iowa and bought 
 160 acres, and now owns 200 ; has made all the improvements on the place. In poli- 
 tics, is a Republican ; in religion, a Lutheran. Has been Road Supervisor and School 
 Director. His wife, Hannah McCamman, was born in Pennsylvania in 1818 ; married 
 in Ohio in 1840, and has five children living — William H., Samuel, Mitchell, John A., 
 Joseph L. and Nan ; lost five. 
 
 W. H. GLICK, farmer. Sec. 20; P. 0. Olin ; born in Indiana in 1841 ; 
 came to Iowa in 1856; enlisted Aug. 12, 1861, in 9th I. V. I.; mustered out Sept. 2, 
 
640 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 1864; wounded November 25, at Mission Ridge, Ga.; owns 110 acres, and made the 
 improvements. In polities, is a Republican ; in religion, is liberal. Has been a 
 School Director, Trustee and Township Collector. His wife, Elizabeth Stevens, was 
 born in Ohio in 1847 ; married Aug. 5, 1865, and has two children — Dora E. and 
 John A. 
 
 JOHN <tJOR:?IAN, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Hale Village ; born in Sligo Co., 
 Ireland in 181!» ; came to America in 1847, and remained one year in Pennsylvania, 
 when he enlisted in the U. S. Regular Army, and stationed at Watervliet Arsenal, N. Y., 
 two years and nine months; received his discharge and paid with a land warrant. Went 
 to Illinois and worked in the vicinity of Chicago for eight years ; then took a seven-mile 
 contract on the Air Line Railroad in 1857 ; then bought eighty acres, and settled in 
 Hale Township of Jones Co., and now owns 275 acres, on which he has made all the 
 improvements, and has a beautiful place. Owns a half-interest in the stone quarry known 
 as Horton's. In politics, Democrat ; in religion, Catholic. His wife, Mary Roony, 
 born in Sligo City, Ireland, came to America when young, and married in West Troy, 
 N. Y.; had twelve children, nine living — John, George, Michael, Elecia, Daniel, Kate, 
 Celia, Maggie, Thomas ; Thomas died at the age of 3 years ; two not named died in 
 infancy. 
 
 W. HATHAWAY, farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Hale Village ; born in New 
 York in 1823 ; went to Chicago in 1844, and then went to Green Bay, Wis , and 
 helped to build a saw-mill — the first one there ; then returned to New York ; then in 
 the spring to Wisconsin, and, in 1867, to Iowa. Owns 180 acres; made all the improve- 
 ments. In politics. Republican ; in religion, Methodist, His wife, Sarah Adams, born in 
 Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1828. Married in New York in 1843, and have nine children — 
 Adelbert, Emma (now Mrs. Nichols, in Kansas), Charles (died in 1879), Annie (now 
 Mrs. Holmes, in Kansas), Wilber, Robert James (died in 1865), Rodman W., Nellie, 
 Eugfne. 
 
 T. J. HOliMES, farmer. Sec. 7; P. 0. Olin ; born in Augusta, Madison Co., 
 N. Y., in 1802 ; came to Iowa in 1853, and owns eighty acres. Was in the Black 
 Hawk war. Company B. In politics, Republican; in religion, Universalist. His wife, 
 Abigail C. Perrin, was born in New Hampshire in 1814. Married in Michigan in 1846, 
 and have five children — Lucinda E. (now Mrs. Ira Coleman), Mary A., Charles A., 
 John A. ('in Mitchell Co., Kan.), William A. (in Shelby Co., Iowa). 
 
 ROBERT INGLIS, farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Hale Village; born in Scot- 
 land in 1822, and came to America in 1858 ; settled in Jones Co., and bought and 
 now owns 268 acres, and has made all the improvements himself, has good house and 
 barn. Has been Road Supervisor, and is now Trustee. In religion, Presbyterian ; in 
 politics. Republican. His wife, Jane Porter, was born in Scotland in 1823. IMarried 
 in 1852, and have four children — John, George, Margaret and Jennette, twins. 
 
 C. H. liABfE, former, Sec. 20; P. 0. Olin; born in Ohio in 1828; came to 
 Iowa in 1845 ; settled in Jones Co., Rome Township, and bought 100 acres; sold, and 
 entered 220 acres in Hale, made all the improvements on the place; now owns 120. 
 Has been Constable twenty years; School Director before the township was divided. In 
 religion, liberal; in politics, Republican. Enlisted, in 1861, in the 9th I. V. I., and 
 mustered out as Third Sergeant of Company B, in 1864. First wife, Mary Cromwell, 
 born in New York ; married in 1849; died in 1860, and had three children — Margaret 
 (now Mrs. Byers, of Kansas), George (in Olin), Edward (in Chicago). 
 
 GEORGE liEWIS, mc'rchant and Postmaster, Hale VTllage ; born in Cat- 
 taraugus Co., N. Y., in 1840 ; went to Kendall Co., III., in 1846, and, in 1853, to La 
 Salle, III, and remained until he enlisted, in February, 1863, in Cushman's Brigade, and 
 transferred to 15th 111. V. C., and mustered out in February, 1865, at Little Rock, Ark.; 
 returned to Illinois; in 1865, came to Jones Co., Iowa; bought and owns 110 acres. 
 Is Justice of the Peace. In religion, Presbyterian ; in politics, Republican. His first 
 wife, Mary A. Farley, was born in Wilna, Jefferson Co., N. Y., Oct. 21, 1841 ; died 
 Sept. 21, 1868, leaving two children — Ida, and Jennie, who died when small. Mr. 
 Lewis was married to Mrs. Marjraret Tabor Oct. 19, 1878 ; she was born in Vermilion 
 
 I 
 
HALE TOWNSHIP. 641 
 
 Co., Ill, in 1835. Mr. Tabor was born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Nov. 21, 1832 ; died 
 Feb. 16, 1878. 
 
 BENTON MYER, ftu-mer, Sec. 2-4; P. 0. Oxford Mills ; born in Ohio in 
 1844 ; came to Iowa in 18G4, and bought and now owns 120 acres ; has made all the 
 improvements. Was Constable in Clinton Co., Iowa. In politics. Democrat ; in religion, 
 Catholic. His wife, Mary Devett, was born in Indiana in 1850 ; came to Iowa when 
 an infant, and married in 1870. 
 
 In. A. SIMPSON, farmer, Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Hale Village ; born in Tioga Co., 
 N. Y., in 1808 ; when about 8 years of age, went to South Bend, Ohio, then to the 
 Wabash Settlement, Warren Co., Ind., and to Iowa in 1839, and entered 300 acres ; 
 now owns 225 acres ; made all the improvements on the place ; has built a good house, 
 and has things in good order and repair ; the winter of 1839, returned to the Wabash 
 settlement in Indiana, as there was nothing to winter on in Iowa ; made the trip with 
 oxen ; his market was Dubuque, and it took three days for a trip and he sold hogs for 
 $1.50. Has been Assessor and Trustee for a great many years, also Surveyor of the 
 county ; in politics. Republican ; in religion, liberal. His first wife, Elizabeth Bum- 
 garner, was born in Virginia in 1814 ; married at the age of 23, and died within one 
 year; married his second wife, Mary Bumgarner, in Iowa in 1840; she died May 27, 
 1857 ; had three children, only one living — Hannah L.; William B. enlisted in Co. Gr, 
 31st I. V. I.; died at Davenport, and buried the day he was 21 years of age ; and 
 infant child. 
 
 R. B. SIMMONS, flirmer, Sec. 21 ; P. O. Olin ; born in Belmont Co., Ohio, 
 in 1806 ; in 1812, went to Richland Co., Ohio, and to Iowa in 1851 ; bought eighty 
 acres, and now owns sixty and one-half; made the improvements; has hauled grain to 
 Muscatine and sold it for 31 cents, dressed pork for $1.25. In politics. Democrat ; 
 in religion, EVee-Will Baptist. His wife, Mary Myers, was born in Belmont Co., Ohio, 
 in 1808 ; married in 1828 ; have had fifteen children — Sarah (now Mrs. Coleman) ; 
 Jacob, Susan, died 1833; William, in California; Nancy, in Denver City; Abijah, 
 Colman, Elizabeth, in Greene Co. ; Ellen died in 1846 ; Amanda and Amanuel, twins, 
 died in 1847 ; Richard died in 1850 ; Samuel. 
 
 C H. SMITH, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Hale Village ; born in ConnecUcut 
 in 1821 ; went to Ohio in 1827, and to Iowa in 1874 ; bought 270 acres. In politics. 
 Republican ; in religion, Free-Will Baptist. His wife, Mary F. Barton, was born in 
 Granby, Mass., in 1823; married at Wayne, Ashtabula Co., (Jhio, in 1846, and have 
 six children — M. B. (in Wyoming) ; Delany (now Mrs. Phillips) ; Dewitt L., Charles 
 H., Clara and Newell. 
 
 B. A. SMITH, farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Hale Village ; born in Berkshire Co., 
 Mass., in 1830 ; went to Pennsylvania in 1840, and, in 1845, to Virginia; in 1851, 
 came to Iowa ; owns 380 acres, on which he has made all the improvements. In poli- 
 tics. Republican; in religion, Free-Will Baptist. Has been Road Supervisor and School 
 Director. His wife, Irena Reed, was born in Ohio in 1835 ; married in 1851, and have 
 eight children — C. A., Catherine (now Mrs. Coppass), Mary V. (now Mrs. Giddings), 
 Mitchell, Ina, Manville, Franklin F., Ha. Enlisted in the 31st I. V. I., in 1861; dis- 
 charged in 1866. 
 
 JOSHUA SMITH, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Hale Village ; born in Den- 
 mark, N. Y., 3Iay 14, 1824; went to Wisconsin in 1848 and remained until 1855, 
 then to Indiana, in 1857 ; then returned to Wisconsin and then to Iowa ; now owns 
 110 acres of land ; was a soldier in the Mexican war, and is now drawing a pension. 
 In politics, a Greenbacker ; in religion, a Spiritualist. His first wife, Julia A. Deuel, 
 was born in New York Feb. 11, 1828, and married in Wisconsin Feb. 25, 1850 ; she 
 died April 25, 1869, leaving six children — Sefarena F. (now Mrs. Wilson Bennett), 
 born May 31, 1851 ; Vincent P., born Nov. 9, 1853, now in Illinois; George M., born 
 Dec. 31, 1855, died Aug. 9, 1856; Olive J., born Sept. 21, 1857, now in Chicago; 
 Hattie S., born March 29, 1860, died Sept. 26, 1875 ; Nancy L., born March 21, 1862, 
 now in Illinois. John H. Campbell was born Dec. 23, 1828; came to Iowa in 1856 , 
 died March 7, 1874. He was married April 8, 1851, to Sarah A. Pike, who was born 
 
642 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Dec. 12, 1828, and had four children— Mary E., born May 26, 1854 ; John J., April 
 2, 1859; Cornelius L., Sept. 11, 1864; Herbert G., Dec. 15, 1868. Mrs. Campbell 
 was married to Mr. Smith Aug. 12, 1875. 
 
 S. E. STARRY, farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Clarence ; born in Jones Co. in 
 1851 ; in 1858, went to Linn ; remained there until 1874, and returned to Jones Co. 
 and bought 100 acres and made all the improvements himself. Has been Town Clerk, 
 Road Supervisor and President of the School Board. In politics. Republican ; in 
 religion, Wesleyan Methodist. At the present time, he is lecturing and working the 
 Degrees of Masonry through the United States. His wife, Alice McShane, was born 
 in Linn Co. in 1858; married July 3, 1873, and have one child — Inez. 
 
 %VILI.IAM SWEET, deceased; born in New York in 1807; went to 
 Michigan at the age of 19; then to Indiana and Illinois; settled in Whiteside Co.; 
 came to Iowa in 1837, to Cedar Co., and in 1837, to Jones Co and settled at Rome; 
 engaged in the manufacture of brick, making the first in the county; in 1850, moved 
 to Hale and entered and now owns 160 acres of land; he made all the improvements; 
 died Dec. 17, 1862. His wife, Jane Blackmer, was born in New York in 1818, and 
 came to Michigan at the age of 9 years ; was married in Michigan and have had twelve 
 children — Sophia, Martha, Mirah, Leonard, William, Adeline, Nathaniel, Irena, Lorena 
 (died Sept. 18, 1855), Lenora (died March 18, 1860), Milton L. (died Aug. 16, 1864), 
 Mary L. (died Dec. 23, 1852). Mrs. S. helped to make the first flag raised in the town 
 of Rome in 1841, and is one of the pioneers of Jones Co.; resides on Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 
 Hale Village. 
 
 OEOROE P. TY^RRELL., farmer, Sec. 30; P. 0. Oxford Mills; born 
 in Bradford Co., Penn., in 1842 ; came to Iowa in 1855 ; bought and now owns 160 
 acres ; has made all the improvements ; house 28x46, barn 36x50, wind-mill and all 
 the conveniences of a well-kept farm and a beautiful home. Has been Assessor, School 
 Director, Secretary of School Board since he was 21 years of age, and also Road Super- 
 visor. His wife, Elizabeth Kimball, was born in Ohio in 1852 ; came to Iowa when 
 small; married Sept. 22, 1871, and have had four children — Emmie, died Aug. 29, 
 1873 ; George W., aged 5 ; Edsar F., aged 3 ; Ella A., died Aug. 22, 1879. 
 
 W. ^. WALSTOX,"farmer,''Sec. 12; P. 0. Wyoming; born in Ohio in 
 1829 ; came to America in 1847, and now owns 157 acres, and has made all the 
 improvements. His wife, Sarah Waite, was born in England in 1833 ; came to 
 America in 1845 and settled in New York City ; married in 1852 and have thirteen 
 children living — Eliza W., Mary E. (now Mrs. Schwab, of Jones Co.). Charles E., 
 William H., Esther M., George F., John R., Sarah E., Ida I., Alva J., Clarence L., 
 Nettie R. and Vernie A. Has held the office of School Director. 
 
 F. D. WERB, farmer. Sec. 19 ; P. O. Olin ; born in Ohio in 1843 ; came to 
 Iowa Jan. 1, 1879; bought and owns eighty acres. Enlisted in the 23d N. Y. V. I. 
 in 1861 ; mustered out in 1863 ; re-enHsted in the 50th N. Y. Engineer Corps in 1863 
 and served till the close of the war. In politics. Republican ; in religion, liberal. He 
 has raised 200 wagon-loads of watermelons and has saved for the trade forty pounds of 
 seed this year. His wife, Mary A. Colby, was born in Canada in 1852; married in 
 1866 and have five children — Angenoria, Mary Ann, Bertha, Elzina and Gertrude. 
 
 J. H. WHITNEY, flirmer. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Clarence ; born in New Hamp- 
 shire in 1834 ; came to Ohio, then to New York, and, in 1855, to Iowa; owns 140 
 acres, and has made all the improvements ; has been Road Supervisor, Township Col- 
 lector two terms, and School Director two terms ; he enlisted, Aug. 12, 1861, in the 
 9th I. V. I.; discharged May 30, 1862, for disability. His wife, Rebecca J. Furgeson, 
 was born in Indiana in 1830 ; came to Iowa in 1854 ; married in 1864 ; have two chil- 
 dren — Hiram E. and Rosella K. Mrs. Whitney had six children by a former marriage; 
 all are dead except two — Ida F. (now Mrs. R. B. Elijah, of Cedar Co.), Ada F. (now 
 Rev. Mrs. T. F. Blair, of Marengo, Iowa). 
 
ROME TOWNSHIP. 643 
 
 ROME TOWNSHIP. 
 
 J. O. BATES, attorney at law, Olin ; born in OHn in 1852; a son of L. 
 D. Bates, farmer, in Sec. 1 6, Rome Township. In politics, llepublican ; in religion, 
 liberal. His wife, Electa L. Winters, was born in Ohio in 1852; married in Jasper 
 Co. in 1873, and resided there two years ; have two children, boys — L. D. and W. S. 
 
 JACOB BAUGH, farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Warren Co., Ind., 
 in 1831 ; came to Iowa in 1839 ; entered 120 acres in Sec. 26 ; then sold and went to 
 Benton Co., and bought 120 acres ; sold and returned to Jones Co., and bought the old 
 home, and owns 308 acres. In politics, is Republican ; in religion, liberal. His wife, 
 Miss H. E. Barker, was born in Connecticut in 1830; came to Iowa while young; 
 were married in 1856, and have three children — Charles E., Jennie E. and James L. 
 
 JAMES BL AYNE Y, retired farmer; P. 0. Olin ; born in Virginia Feb. 14, 
 1801 ; removed to Ohio and remained there nine years ; came to Iowa in 185p ; bought 
 275 acres and now owns 146 acres in Sec. 3, and made all the improvements on the 
 place now occupied by his son. In politics, Democrat ; in religion, Presbyterian. His 
 first wife, Rebeca Blayney, was born in Ireland ; came to America when young ; mar- 
 ried in Pennsylvania; died in 1863 ; had six children, three boys and three girls. His 
 second wife, Elvira Shaw, was born in Ohio March 12, 1817; came to Iowa in 1856; 
 remained till 1860, and married in Ohio in 1864. 
 
 JOHN BOTHWEI^Ii, farmer. Sec. 14; P. 0. Olin; born in Scotland in 
 1822; came to America in 1822, and to Iowa in 1860 ; bought eighty acres; now owns 
 50 acres; at present time, lives in Shelby Co., with his son. His wife, Caroline Seely, 
 was born in New York in 1839 ; came to Iowa in 1837 ; married in 1847 ; of the 
 children, four are dead and seven are living and settled in the West ; but two are at 
 home. 
 
 A. E. CARPENTER, farmer, Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Olin; born in Delaware Co., 
 Ohio, March 29, 1852 ; came to Iowa at the age of 1 year ; owns 160 acres. His wife. 
 Sella Littlefield, was born in Pennsylvania in 1852 ; came to Iowa in 1861 ; married 
 Dec. 7, 1873 ; have two children — David F. and Charlie E. In politics, Republican ; 
 in religion, Spiritualist. 
 
 D. R. CARPENTER, merchant, Olin ; born in Delaware Co., Ohio, in 
 1825 ; came to Iowa and settled at what was known as Walnut Forks in 1853, and 
 entered a quarter-section, and at present owns 325 acres, and also town property. He 
 is one of the Directors of Olin College. In politics. Republican ; in religion, liberal. 
 His first wife, Christiana Mershon, was born in Ohio in 1835 ; married Jan. 1, 1851 ; 
 died in 1862, leaving four children — Ashad, Lewis, Lilly, Sarah M. ; infiint deceased. 
 His second wife, Mary Lamb, was born in Ohio in 1831 ; married Aug. 27, 1865. 
 
 R. J. CLEVELAND, deceased; born in Boston, Mass., in 1805; grad- 
 uated at Harvard University, in CIa.ss of '27, and came to Iowa Sept. 9, 1840, and entered 
 220 acres, and sold in 1868 ; the estate now includes town property. He was instrumental 
 in securing the first post office in Jones Co. in 1841 ; was County Surveyor and Postmas- 
 ter for two years ; Justice of the Peace ; was also in the Surveyor General's office at 
 Dubuque. Enlisted in the 9th I. V. I. in 1861, and was discharged in 1862 ; died 
 September 7, 1877. His wife, Mary E. Seeley, was born in New York in 1814 ; went 
 to Illinois in 1836 ; came to Iowa in 1840 ; married in 1839 ; in the winter of 1840, 
 taught school in the village of Rome, in their house, her services being paid for by sub- 
 scription. Mrs. Cleveland was married, in 1878, to Rev. Joseph Lowry, who was born 
 in Ireland in 1813 ; came to Canada in 1849, and to Iowa in 1854 ; he established the 
 first Sunday school in the village of Rome. 
 
 ALBERT CLYMER, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Fairfield Co., 
 Ohio, in 1827 ; came to Iowa in 1851 ; owns 120 acres, which his father left him, and 
 entered by his father. In politics. Republican ; in religion. United Brethren. His 
 
644 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 wife, Sarah Shoemaker, was bora in Ohio March 1, 1841 ; came to Iowa when young; 
 married in 1863, and have had ten children — Mary Louisa, born May 24, 1864 ; Lor- 
 etta Jane, Aug. 26, 1865 ; Emily Alice, Feb. 13, 1867, died Sept. 20, 1868 ; Chris- 
 tina Ann, born April 23, 1868, died July 4, 1868 ; Samuel Washington, born Sept. 
 20, 1869 ; Olive Clementine, Oct. 2, 1871 ; Albert Charles, Feb. 24, 1873, died Feb. 
 3, 1875 ; Kachael Elizabeth, born Dec. 18, 1874 ; William G., Sept. 15, 1876, died 
 Aug. 21, 1877 ; Nancy Ellen, born Sept. 1, 1878, died Sept. 1, 1878. 
 
 LEVI COZAKT, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Virginia in 1824; 
 came to Ohio, then to Iowa in 1862. Now owns 160 acres; made the improvements. 
 In politics. Democrat ; in religion, liberal. Has been School Director. His wife, 
 Sarah Emberson, was born in Ohio in 1830 ; married in 1849, and have had nine chil- 
 dren — Andrew, Susan, John (died in infancy), Charlie (died at the age of 5), Henri- 
 etta, Sarah E., Flora F., Abel, Mad Ma Masella Cdied at the age of 4). 
 
 ORVILLE CRONKHITE, deceased; born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., 
 Oct. 6, 1810 ; came to Iowa in 1839, and entered 400 acres, and now owns 160 in Sec. 
 15, on which the improvements of the old homestead are still in good repair. He was 
 Probate Judge, Justice of the Peace, and held other offices. Died April 7, 1875. 
 His wife, Lovina Baugh, was born in Piqua Co., Ohio, in 1814; came to Indiana in 
 1826 ; married in 1830, and have had ten children — William (in Jones Co.), Jane, 
 Henrietta, Caroline (deceased), Buell, Emily (deceased), John, Orville (deceased), 
 Emeline (infant). 
 
 C H. DERR, Postmaster, Olin ; born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, town of 
 Salem, iu 1840 ; came to Iowa in 1865 ; settled in Mechanicsville, Cedar Co., and then 
 removed to Jones Co. in 1865, and bought, in company with his brother, 220 acres, 
 and now owns 182 j acres. In politics, Republican ; in religion, liberal. Has been 
 Trustee, Justice of the Peace, Assessor, and Postmaster for four years. Enlisted, in 
 1861, in the 19th Ohio V. I., and was discharged in March, 1863, and afterward Act- 
 ing Quartermaster till the close of the war. His wife, Miss E. J. Kemp, was born in 
 Columbiana Co., Ohio, in 1840; married in Ohio in 1865, and have three children — 
 Kate May, C. W., R. I. 
 
 J. E. DERR, farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, 
 in 1844 ; came to Iowa in 1863, and settled in Cedar Co. ; thence to Jones Co. in 
 1866; bought 220 acres, and now owns 182 V; has made the improvements on the 
 place. Enlisted in the 104th Ohio V. I. in 1862, and was discharged in 1862; was 
 then in the Quartermaster's Department in Tennessee sis months. In politics. Repub- 
 lican ; in religion, liberal. His wife, Susan Shaw, was born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, 
 in 1843; married in 1871, in Ohio, and have two children — Cuesta (died in 1873), 
 Luretta (5 years of age). 
 
 S. li. EASTERLiY, hardware merchant, Olin ; born in Richland Co., Ohio, 
 in 1843; came to Iowa in 1852, and located in Olin in 1865; engaged in business until 
 1869, when he went to Shelby Co., and was appointed one of a committee of five to 
 organize Lincoln Township, and cast the first vote of the township ; returned to Olin 
 in 1875, and engaged in the hardware business; built and moved into his new store 
 building July 17, 1879. He was on a committee of five to organize the city of Olin, 
 and is now one of the Councilnien ; also School Director and Town Clerk. In politics, 
 Republican ; in religion, United Brethren. His wife, Annie Rutter, was born in Rich- 
 land Co., Ohio, in 1843 ; came to Iowa when young; married in Jasper Co. in 1864, 
 and have three children — Nellie, Hattie, Mamie. 
 
 SAMUEL EASTERLY, retired former; P. 0. Olin; born in Cumber- 
 land Co., Penn., Sept. 15, 1810, and came to Ohio in 1827, and to Jones Co., Iowa, in 
 1852, and entered 240 acres; made all the improvements, and has at present 160 acres 
 in Sees. 25 and 26 ; also owns town property. Has been Assessor and Trustee. In 
 politics. Republican, and in religion. United Brethren. His wife, Hannah Watts, was 
 born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, in 1810, and married in Ohio March 19, 1829 ; have 
 had nine 3hildren — Catharine (now Mrs. Austin, in Ohio), John (in Cedar Co.), Mary 
 J. 1 now .Mrs. D. II. Carpenter, of Olin), Thomas (in Rome Township), Eliza (now 
 
ROME TOWNSHIP. 647 
 
 Mrs. G. W. Millar, in Olin), Lawrence (died in the army, in Missouri, Jan. 25, 1862), 
 S. L. (in busmess in Olin ), Maggie (died March 27, 186-4), Hattie (now Mrs. D. E. 
 Runnel, of Olin). 
 
 CHARLES EMERSON, flirmcr, Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Ohio in 
 1841 ; came to Iowa in 1853, and bought sixty and now owns ninety acres ; made 
 most of the improvements. Has been School Director of District No. 3. In politics, 
 Republican ; in religion. United Brethren. Enlisted, in 18(52, in the 31st I. V. I. ; 
 discharged July 4, 1863; wounded at Atlanta, Ga. His wife, Mary A. Millar, was 
 born in Ohio in 18-46 ; came to Iowa when young; married in 1870, and have five 
 children— Maggie M., Edna E., Myrtie E., Nellie A., Charles E. (died Sept. 28, 
 1879). 
 
 S. W. FLAHERTY, flirmer, Sec. 22; P. 0. Olin; born in Richland Co., 
 Ohio, in 1849 ; came to Iowa in 1871 ; bought and owns fifty-two acres, and made the 
 improvements. In politics. Republican ; in religion, liberal. Elected Road Supervisor 
 in 1879; Secretary of Township School Board for 1879 ; has taught school for five 
 years in same township. His wife, Amanda Lamley, was born in Richland Co., Ohio, 
 in 1851 ; married in 1870, and have two children — Edgar C. and William H. 
 
 JACOB FORE31AX, farmer, Sec. 18; P. 0. Viroqua ; born in Kentucky 
 in 1814; went to Ohio when young ; then to Indiana, and; in 1844, to Iowa, and 
 entered 200 acres, and made the improvements; now owns 360. In politics. Repub- 
 lican ; in religion, Lutheran. Has been Road Supervisor, School Director and Trustee. 
 His wife, Jane Roony, was born in Virginia in 1817 ; came to Ohio when young, then 
 to Indiana. Married in 1836; have had seven children — Rhoda (now Mrs. WiUiam 
 Harrison), Margaret (now Mrs. G-ilmore, in Shelby Co.), Mary J. (now Mrs. Cook, in 
 Shelby Co."), Elenora M. (now Mrs. B. H. Millar, in Olin), Augusta (now Mrs. Smith, 
 at home), Elizabeth Sunday (deceased), and Albert (deceased). 
 
 JOHN O. FRENCH, lumber, Olin; born in New Hampshire in 1827, 
 and, in 1856, went to Eau Claire Co , Wis.; was County Treasurer in 1858-59 ; came 
 to Iowa in 1872, and owns town property ; has one of the finest dwellings in the vil- 
 lage. Has been School Director and Trustee of the M. E. Church. In politics. Repub- 
 lican. His wife, Ellen Hutchinson, was born in Norwich, Vt., in 1832 ; married Oct. 
 10, 1861 ; had six children — Anne, Sarah, Isabella, John 0. and Charles H. Nellie 
 died in 1872. 
 
 WILLIAM GrILLMAN, tinsmith, Olin; born in Warren Co., Ind., in 
 1842, and came to Iowa in 1855, and settled in Rome Township, and remained until 
 the fall of 1865 ; then went to Mechanicsville, Cedar Co., and remained until 1870, 
 when he returned to Olin, and is now with S. L. Easterly. He owns town property. 
 In politics, Republican ; in religion, liberal. Has been Town Clerk two years. Consta- 
 ble one year. His wife, Ida Rogers, was born in Jones Co., Iowa, in 1853 ; married in 
 1875, and has one child — Allen Benton. 
 
 G. W. Cj}R.4FFT, fiirmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Butler Co., Ohio, 
 in 1829, and came to Iowa in 1844 with his father; took a claim and has made all the 
 improvements — a fine house, 28x36 ; barn, 32x37 ; deals in fine stock ; has been 
 Road Supervisor. In politics, Democrat ; in religion, liberal. His wife, Mary Seely, 
 was born in New York in 1835 ; came to Iowa in 1837 ; married in 1850, and their 
 children are J. R., Mary A. (now Mrs. Porter), Sarah E., Eunice, Martha, Dol- 
 lie, George E. and Caroline (died in infancy). 
 
 F/<URISW0LD, farmer, Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Herkimer Co., N.Y., 
 in 1830 ; came to Iowa in 1868, and to Jones Co. in 1870 ; bought and owns 240 acres 
 and made part of the improvements ; has been Road Supervisor, School Director and 
 Justice of the Peace. His wife, Sarah E. March, was born in Orange Co., N. Y., in 
 1844 ; married in 1861, and have two children. 
 
 M. G. HULL, agent C, M. & St. P. R. R., Olin; born in Ohio in 1827 ; 
 came to Iowa in 1858, and engaged in teaching school ; owns town property in Marion, 
 Iowa. He was the first agent of the D. & S. W. R. R. at Monticello, and transferred to 
 Anamosa, and remained there until July, then returned to Monticello and remained 
 
 s 
 
648 BIOGRAPHICAL SKEICHES: 
 
 there until 1867, when he went to Marion, in the oflBce of the D. & S. W. R. R. until 
 the spring of 1877 ; then back to Jones Co., on the S. A. & D. R. R. at Martelle, until 
 May 2, 1877, and then, Nov. 13, 1877, to Olin, with the S., A, & D., now C, M. &; 
 St. P.; he is also telegraph operator. In politics, Democrat ; in religion, Prosbyterian. 
 His wife, Mary A. Dubois, was born in Ohio in 1830 ; married in Ohio in 1853, and 
 have six children — Louis (agent at Southern Minnesota Junction, Minn.), Amelia 
 (now Mrs. L. C. Kemp, of Vinton), Annie Mary (died in 1861), Sarah, Carrie and 
 William Blair. 
 
 3, W. HOWE, merchant, Olin ; born in West Virginia in 1848; came to 
 Iowa in 1871 ; settled in Stanwood, Cedar Co., merchandising, and in 1873 removed ta 
 Olin ; owns town property ; burnt out in 1876, at the time of the big fire. In politics, 
 Republican ; in religion, member of the M. E. Church. Enlisted in 1863 in the West 
 Va. V. I, and was mustered out in August, 1875 ; was engaged at the battles of Cedar 
 Creek, Winchester, Hatcher's Run, Petersburg, and at the final surrender of Lee. His 
 wife, Josie Ronar, was born in West Virginia in 1851 ; married in 1872, and have two 
 children — Luella J. and Cliallen R. 
 
 J. W . JAllISOX, attorney at law, of the firm of Oakly & Jamison, Olin ; 
 is a native of Lafayette, Ind., and was born March 1, 18-18; he grew up to manhood 
 and received his education in that State; in 1870, he came to Jones Co., and studied 
 law with B. H. White at Wyoming, and was admitted to the bar in December, 1872, 
 and since then has practiced his profession in this county ; he associated with Mr. Oakly 
 March 1, 1877 ; he resides at Olin and has his office there. Mr. Jamison was united in 
 marriage to Miss Tillie Herrick, of Monticello, June 25, 1873 ; they have one daugh- 
 ter — Carrie C. 
 
 ROBERT JOHNSOX, farmer. Sec. 29; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born in 
 Delaware Co., Ohio, in 1837 ; came to Iowa in 1858; owns 157 acres ; has made the 
 improvements ; has been School Director four years. In politics. Democrat ; in religion, 
 liberal. His wife, Mary A. Saum, was born in Indiana in 1839, and came to Iowa in 
 1840 with her fither, and settled at Burlington ; moved to Jones Co. in 1841 ; married 
 in 1861 and have two children — Frank Ellsworth, born in Jones Co. March 30, 1862 ; 
 Alma Olive, born Auu". 25. 1864, in Jones Co. 
 
 THOMAS JONES, farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Mechanicsville; born in Mun- 
 roe Co., Ind., in 1819 ; came to Iowa in the fall of 1863 ; in 1869, he bought and now 
 owns 226 acres, on which he has made most of the improvements ; has been Township 
 Trustee, School Director and Road Supervisor. In politics, Republican ; in religion, 
 Methodist Episcopal. His wife, Jane Tabum, was born in North Carolina in 1822 ; 
 came to Iowa in 1826; married in 1842, and have eight children — Elinora (now Mrs. 
 J. R. Jones), Mary (now Mrs. McDowell), Henry L., Cenith (now Mrs. Johnson, in 
 Greene Co.), Annis (now Mrs. Davis, in Greene Co.), Manford, Millie (now Mrs. Young, 
 in Benton Co.), Amy, (now Mr.-s. Johnson, in Cedar Co.). Dillie. 
 
 GEORGE JUSTICE, farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born in 
 Pennsylvania Jan. 24, 1810 ; came to Iowa April 13, 1854 ; to Linn Co. Nov. 14, 
 1864, and then to Jones Co; owns eighty acres a4]d made the improvements; house, 
 26x36, 16-foot posts — wing 12x16. In politics, Republican ; in religion, Presbj'terian. 
 Has been Road Supervisor ; in Pennsylvania, was Colonel of a regiment of militia. His 
 wife, jMargaret W. Douglas, was born in Pennsylvania Jan. 8, 1812; married in Penn- 
 sylvania Sept. 8, 1831, and had eight children — John, in Jones Co.; George D., killed 
 by the kick of a horse, at the age of 12 ; Betsy, died at the age of 6 ; Mary, at home ; 
 Gussy (now Mrs. Taylor, in Rome Township) ; Jacob S , died in the armj"^ at New 
 Orleans ; Margaret J. (now Mrs. Pelter, in Grand Junction) ; Eliza J. (now Mrs. 
 Wesley Bower, in Grand Junction). 
 
 A. L.IXDLY, farmer. Sec. 15; P. O. Olin ; born in Butler Co., Ohio, in 
 1822, and from there to Indiana when small, and then to Iowa, in 1849 ; entered forty 
 acres and now owns eighty ; has made all the improvements ; had a good house burned 
 in 1871 ; has been Constable and School Director. In politics. Republican; in reli.iiion, 
 liberal. His first wife, Mary Garrison, was born in Indiana in 1823; married in 1843; 
 
ROME TOWNSHIP. 649 
 
 died in 1855; had three children — Albert, Jane and Melissa; his second wife, Nancy 
 BikerstoiF, was born in Pennsylvania in 1832; married in 1857, and have eight chil- 
 dren living — George, Elizabeth, Jane, Ida, Clarissa, Oliver, Ulysses, Martha, Amsy ; 
 Rily, deceased. 
 
 ^WIIililAM McCREA, farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. O. Olin ; born in Virginia in 
 1795 ; came to Iowa in 1855 ; bought 200 acres. His first wife, Hannah White, was 
 born in Virginia ; his second wdfe ; Eliza Hutton, was born in Virginia ; his third wife, 
 Alice Jenkins, was born in New York ; have three children living — Benjamin H., 
 Moses M. and Mary (now Mrs. White). 
 
 MOSES M. McCREA, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Olin; born in Indiana in 
 1839 ; came to Iowa in 1855, and owns 220 acres and has made all the improvements. 
 In politics, Republican; in religion, liberal. Enlisted in 1802, in Co. G-, 31st I. V. I.; 
 mustered out in 18G5. His wife, Armilda Norton, was born in Indiana; came to Iowa 
 when young; married in 1871, and had three children — Nellie Gr., Lillie H. and 
 William. 
 
 C. F. McGREW, Principal of High School, Olin ; born in Henry Co., 
 Iowa, in 1856 ; came to Jones Co. in 1864, to Wyoming, and attended the Lenox Insti- 
 tute at Hopkinton, Iowa, in 1866 ; learned the printer's trade at Wyoming ; was in the 
 drug business at Springville, Iowa, from 1876 to 1878, then to Olin ; admitted to the 
 bar March 5, 1879 ; has just been elected County Surveyor on the Republican ticket; 
 in religion, liberal. He has the surveyor's compass once owned by John Brown, of 
 Harper's Ferry notoriety. 
 
 JOHN MERRITT, farmer, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in the town of Ovid, 
 Seneca Co., N. Y., in 1806 ; removed to Orleans Co., and then to Lock port, and then 
 to Cattaraugus Co., and Dec. 11, 1836, started for Iowa; owns 75-t acres; he took up 
 a claim, built a log cabin, and sold his team and returned by the way of St. Louis and 
 the Ohio River to New York ; started in the fall of 1837 for Iowa; arrived at Clinton, 
 Iowa, where he remained until Nov. 9, 1837, when he came to Jones Co. In politics, 
 Republican ; in religion, Methodist. Has been School Director, Trustee, Road Super- 
 visor ; was the first Road Supervisor in this part of the county. His first wife, Cath- 
 erine Culp, was born in Pennsylvania in 1800 ; came to Niagara Co., N. Y., and mar- 
 ried Sept. 30, 1827; died Dec. 14, 1835, and left seven children — Horatio, Agnes, 
 Joseph, Jerome, William, Dollie (deceased) and Cornelius. His second wife, Caroline 
 Dunlap (was the Widow Harvey), was born in Pennsylvania ; married 3Ir. 3Ierritt in 
 1856 and had seven children — L. V. (now Mrs. Hay, of Jackson Township), Malinda 
 (now Mrs. Berely, of Jackson Township), Elmer, Deligha, Hiram Sherman, Charles 
 Willis, Cordelia. 
 
 JEROME J. MERRITT, farmer, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in New 
 York in 1833 ; came to Iowa in 1837 ; owns 334 acres of land and has made all the 
 improvements on the place ; has a fine barn 24x36, 14-foot posts ; house, 16x30 ; wing, 
 12x14. He is the third son of John Merritt. In politics. Republican ; in religion, 
 liberal. Has been Road Supervisor and School Director for eight years. His wife, 
 Rebecca Blayney, was born in Ohio in 1837 ; came to Iowa in 1855 ; married in 1856 
 and had eight children — James B., ^Miranda, Mary, Augustus, Augusta (died in 1877), 
 Don Carlos, Erwin and Dellis. 
 
 RURTON MIELER, farmer. Sec. 8; P. 0. Viroqua; born in Ohio in 
 1820 ; came to Iowa in 1852 ; his father entered land and they now own 103 acres; 
 made the improvements. In politics. Democrat ; in religion. United Brethren. His 
 wife, Catharine Meeks, was born in Ohio in 1822; married in Ohio in 1856; have 
 eight children — Flora A. (now Mrs. Solts, of Rome), Mary A. (now Mrs. Emmerson), 
 Barbara A. (now Mrs. Taylor), William B. (in Rome), John H., Elizabeth A., Cath- 
 erine and George H. (died in 1858). 
 
 R. H. MILEER. attorney at law, Olin ; born in Rome Township in 1845, 
 " one year after the settlement of the family in Iowa ; " left the farm March 1, 1858 ; 
 gone for two years; in 1864, went to Mechanicsville ; in 1868, to Stanwood, and 
 engaged in the drug business till 1872. Was Postmaster at Stanwood, also Justice of 
 
650 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 the Peace, and Township Clerk ; Treasurer of Independent School Board. Came to 
 Olin in April, 1872, and engaged in drug business ; has been Justice of the Peace and 
 Postmaster at Olin. Admitted to the bar in March, 1875. In politics, Republican; 
 in religion, Spiritualist. His wife, Eva Foreman, born in Rome Township in 1846. 
 Married Sept. 12, 1869, and have four children — Earl F., Harry W., Merton M., 
 Mable E. 
 
 W. J. MII^IiER, general stock-dealer, Olin; born in Jones Co. in 1860; 
 owned seventy-two acres, and sold to W. V. Field, and engaged in business. In politics, 
 Republican ; in religion, liberal. 
 
 DAVID MIIXSIXGER, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Germany 
 in 1823 ; came to Iowa in 182-1; settled in Ohio, and came to Iowa in 1868. Owns 
 ninety-six acres; made part of the improvements. In politics, Republican; in religion, 
 liberal. Has been Ptoad Supervisor and Trustee. His wife, Mary A. Palmer, born in 
 Ohio, in 1833. Married in 1851, and have eleven children — Emma (now Mrs. Fore- 
 man), Mary (now Mrs. Alex. Foreman), Charles, Frank, Eli, George, Burdell and 
 Willie, twins, Anna, Frank. Rollo. 
 
 DAVID MYERS, shoemaker, Olin ; born in Fairfield Co., Ohio, in 1809 ; 
 came to Iowa in 1845 ; entered 160 acres, and now owns forty and town property. Has 
 been School Treasurer, Road Supervisor, School Director, Constable, served five years on 
 the grand jury, and seven on the petit jury. First wife, Mary Marlow, was boi'n in 
 Pennsylvania in 1809. Married in Ohio in 1830 ; died in 18-19, and had ten children. 
 Second wife, Elizabeth Irene, was born in Virginia in 1829. Mairied in 1850, and 
 had ten children, and now has twenty-eight grandchildi'eu. 
 
 JOHX R. PEASE, farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. O. Yiroqua ; born in Massachusetts, 
 in 1826 ; came to Iowa and settled in Red Oak, Cedar Co., in 1860, and to Jones Co. 
 in 1876. Owns 100 acres, and made the improvements. In politics. Republican ; in 
 religion, Methodist. His wife, Catherine McAifce, born in Antrim, North of Ireland, in 
 1827 ; came to America in 1846 ; settled in Connecticut. Married in 1848 ; have five 
 children — Irene (now Mrs. George A. Wilson, in Kansas), Emma J., died iu February, 
 1870, Margaret B., Phinies C, died in 1850, James F., died in 1869. 
 
 WIL.LIAM i^. PEET, farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born in 
 Jones Co. in 1846. Owns 14 acres in Jackson Township; 350 in Greenfield Town- 
 ship ; 190 in Rome Township, which is the old homestead of George Saum. Mr. Peet 
 is an extensive raiser of South-Down sheep, Devon cattle and Poland hogs. His wife, 
 Miss L. E. Saum, born in Jones Co. in 1847. Married in 1872, and have had two 
 children; one died in infancy — James S., aged 4 years, born in Jones Co. 
 
 GEOR^i^E PFEIFFER, farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Viroqua ; born in Hesse- 
 Darmstadt, Germany, in 1814; came to America in 1838, and settled in Fairfield Co., 
 Ohio, in 1845 ; came to Iowa; entered and now owns 145 acres; made the improve- 
 ments ; has a barn 30x40, house, 30x38, wing, 18x16. In politics. Republican ; in 
 religion. United Brethren. His wife, Barbara Hoffman, born in the same place in 1809. 
 Married in 1838 ; have six children — Barbara (now Mrs. Rodrick, in Carroll Co.), John 
 (in Greenfield Township), Sarah (now Mrs. George Smith, in Rome), Lucinda (now Mrs. 
 Stephenson), Amanda (now Mrs. Henry L. Smith), Caroline. 
 
 CHARLES E. PORTER, President of OUn College; born at Pratts- 
 burg, Steuben Co., N. Y., Oct. 19, 1833; graduated at Amherst, Mass., in 1852; 
 admitted to the bar at Urbana, 111., in 1858. Prof. Porter is a skillful scientist and 
 linguist, being acquainted with six different languages, and organized the Olin College in 
 September, 1878 ; incorporated Aug. 1, 1879. He is a direct lineal descendant of the 
 family represented by Noah Porter, President of Yale College. Was in the war of the 
 Union, and acted Adjutant General to Gen. Thomas Ewing, when in command at St. 
 Louis ; was three times promoted, once for bravery in the field ; was honorably discharged 
 from the ofiScers' hospital, on Lookout Mountain, in 1865. Married first wife, Nettie 
 Y. Penney, of Cape Girardeau, Mo., in 1862. Their daughter, Annie, died in 1867, in 
 her second year. Mrs. Porter died in 1871 ; was again married to EmmaD. Blanchard, 
 of Wheatland, Iowa, in 1872 ; their son, Charles, died in 1876, aged 2 months. 
 
ROME TOWNSHIP. 651 
 
 FREDERICK PIEPER, deceased ; born in Germany in 1822; came to 
 America in 1838 ; settled in Ohio ; then went to Indiana, and to Iowa in 1854 ; owned 
 240 acres ; died in 18G8. He was a member of the Masonic Fraternity and buried by 
 them at Mechanicsville. His wife, Catherine Piper, was born in Pennsylvania in 183U 
 and went to Indiana in 1838 ; married in 1847 and had eight children — David (in 
 Greenfield, Jones Co.)< Susana (died in 18G0), Maggie (died in 1855), Samuel, Sarah 
 Ann (killed by the tornado), Cassie J., William and Freddie. Since Mr. Piper's death, 
 Mrs. P. has built a fine house, 18x26 in the main, with wing 16xlG; 2U-foot posts; 
 resides on Sec. 31 ; P. O. IMechanicsville. 
 
 D. E. RUIOIEL, druggist, Olin; born in Richland Co., Ohio, in 1840; 
 came to Iowa in 1855, and has been engaged in business twelve years in Olin. Enlisted 
 in 1861, in the 9th I.V.I; mustered out in 1865. In politics. Republican ; in 
 religion, liberal. He has been Collector for five years and just re-elected ; also Clerk 
 four years, and Postmaster four years. Owns town property — residence and busi- 
 ness. His wife, Hattie E. Easterly, was born in Richland Co., Ohio, in 1851 ; came 
 to Iowa in 1852 ; married in 1868. 
 
 JOSIAH ROIMELL, farmer, Sec. 36; P. 0. Olin; born in Richland 
 Co., Ohio, in 1838; came to Iowa in 1855; settled in Jones Co.; owns eighty-five 
 acres in Jones Co. and eighty in Cedar Co.; he lives on the old homestead of his father, 
 George P. Rummell. In politics. Republican; in religion. United Brethren in Christ. 
 His wife, Isabell Stewart, was born in Delaware Co., Ohio, in 1843 ; came to Iowa in 
 1855 with her father ; settled in Jones Co.; daughter of Spencer Stewart, who was 
 frozen to death while on his way home from church in the winter of severe storms ; 
 married in 1 853 and have six children — Nanna J., infant (deceased), Sarah J. (deceased), 
 Charlie P , Estella Bell and David Harry. 
 
 HENRY ROHRBACII, Postmaster and agent of the C, M. & St. P. R. 
 R., Viroqua ; born in Prussia, Germany, in 1832; came to America in 1852; went to 
 Pennsylvania; then, in 1853, to Stephenson Co., III.; in 1870, to Iowa; owns town 
 property in Rock Ciry, 111., and Viroqua. In politics, Republican ; in religion, Lutheran. 
 Was Collector in Illinois and Supervisor. His wife, Caroline Long, was born in Ger- 
 many in 1837 ; married in 1857 and have nine children — George H., Ida L., Mary 
 S., Robert, Annie Mary, William A., Jane, Olive and Eva. He is also dealer in grain, 
 stock and the general business of the town. 
 
 M. RO'ONEY, flirmer, Sec. ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Virginia in 1818; went 
 to Ohio, then to Indiana, and, in 1850, to Iowa; entered 160 acres and now owns 240 ; 
 made all the improvements on the place. In politics, Republican ; in religion, liberal. 
 Has been Trustee and School Director. Has a shop nn his place and works at his trade 
 of marble cutting. His wife was born in Ohio in 1818 ; came to Indiana and married 
 in 1840 ; have four children — Elinora (now Mrs. Torrance, of Jones County), William 
 Wallace, Melissa. Helen (now Mrs. Jean, of Ida Co.) and Edward JM. 
 
 WIL]LIAilI M. RUGGL.ES, farmer. Sec. 30; P. 0. Mechanicsville; 
 born in Richland Co., Ohio, in 1830 ; came to Ogle Co., III., in 1836, and to Iowa in 
 1865 ; bought 235 and owns 285 acres, and has made the improvements of a bank 
 barn 36x50^with 22-foot posts; hou.se, 21x28 ; wing, 13x25. Dealer and raiser Short- 
 Horns and Colswold sheep. In politics. Republican ; in religion, Methodist. Has been 
 Road Supervisor, School Director, Justice of the Peace and Trustee ; also President of 
 the Agricultural Society at Mechanicsville. His wife, Miss H. H. Hoke, was born in 
 Virginia in 18.39 ; came to Iowa in 1865 ; married in 1856 and have had seven chil- 
 dren— C. F., Lydia, Hattie, Joseph, Jessie (died in 1863), George (died in 1863), 
 Carlton (died in 1870). * 
 
 J. D. SAUM, farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Wayne Co , Ind., in 
 1835 : came to Iowa in 1840 and spent one year at Fort Madison ; then, in 1841, came 
 to Jones Co. He is a sun of George Saum, one of the early settlers of Jones Co. 
 Bought and owns 385 acres, on which he has a fine house 32x32, in L shape ; a fine 
 barn, 32x40, with 20-foot posts. The place is well stocked with fine grades of stock. 
 Has been School Director and Road Supervi.sor. In politics. Democrat; in religion, 
 
652 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 liberal. His wife, Annie Flaugher, was born in Maryland in 1840; came to Iowa in 
 1856 ; married in 1859 at Walnut Grove; have four children — Elva, Ira, Mary and 
 Kate (died in 1864). 
 
 JOII]¥ SCOIiKS, retired minister, Olin ; born in Huntingdon Co., Penn. , 
 in 1799 ; went to Maryland and remained nine years, then to Ohio in 1808, and to 
 Jones Co., Iowa, in 1856, and bought 330 acres, and made all the improvements, and 
 sold out, and now owns town property with fine house. Has been President of School 
 Board. Was one of the early pioneers in the M. E. ministry in Jones Co. In poli- 
 tics, Republican. His first wife, Elizabeth Powell, was born in Baltimore Co., Md., in 
 1799 ; married in 1820, in Ohio, and had eleven children — three deceased ; his first 
 wife died May 13, 1877 ; his second wife, Catharine M. Chapman, was born in 1816 ; 
 married Sept. 4, 1879. 
 
 WILLIAM SEEGER, blacksmith, Viroqua; born in Prussia in 1846; 
 came to America in 1857, and went to Galena; thence, in 1869, to Dabu(|ue, and in 
 1871, to Jones Co. In politics, Democrat; in religion, Lutheran. He enlisted in the 
 12th I. V. Lin 1864, and was discharged at the close of the war; was at the siege of 
 Atlanta and Dallas, Ga. His wife, Hilka Vonzwold, was born on the Atlantic Ocean 
 in 1850; settled in New York ; cflme to Iowa in 1873; married in 1875, and have 
 four children — Freddie, Henry, Henrietta and an infant, Wilhelmena. 
 
 DANIEL $$HOE3IAKER, farmer. Sec. 20; P.O. Viroqua; born in 
 Fairfield Co., Ohio, in 1816 ; came to Iowa in 1842, and entered a section in company 
 with his brother, and now owns 168 acres, and has made the improvements; his house 
 is 28x24, barn 50x32. In politics. Republican ; in religion, Lutheran. His wife, 
 Mary E. Morrison, was born in Perry Co., Penn., and moved with her parents to Han- 
 cock Co., Ohio, in 1836 ; married in 1871, and have two children — Franklin E. and an 
 infant. 
 
 DANIEL. SMITH, farmer. Sec. 6; P. 0. Viroqua; born in Union Co., 
 Penn., in 1818 ; came to Iowa in 1857, and owns 136 acres, on which he has made all 
 the improvements. In politics, Republican ; in religion. United Brethren. His wife, 
 Mary Moore, was born in Berks Co., Penn., in 1824 ; married in Pennsylvania in 
 1840 ; have five children — George (in Rome), Jacob (in Kansas), Elizabeth (now 
 Mrs. Kohl, in Linn Co.), Henry L. (in Rome), D. O. (at home). 
 
 HIRAM STEWARD, farmer, Sec. 28 ; P. O. Olin ; born in Delaware 
 Co., Ohio, in 1818; went to Michigan in 1827, and to Iowa in 1839, and settled in 
 Jones Co. When he crossed the Mississippi River, he had only §12 in money, and it 
 was late in the fall and he had no winter clothes; he entered 240 acres, and now owns 
 257 ; has made all the improvements on the place ; has a fine house and barn ; he is 
 now on the same land he entered first. In politics. Republican ; in religion, Disciple. 
 Has been Justice of the Peace twelve years ; he was elected the first Justice when 
 organized as a county, and was appointed Constable when a Territory, in 1839 ; was in 
 the Assembly of 1858-59 as Representative; has been County Supervisor for ten or 
 twelve years. In an early day, he took six barrels of clear side-pork to Galena, 111. ; 
 paid $1.50 apiece for the barrels; sold for $6 per barrel, and received no money in 
 pay. His first wife, Nancy Soesbe, was born in Michigan in 1827 ; married in 1846, 
 and had nine children — four dead and five living — Francis M., Edith E., Mary A., 
 George E., James; she died in 1861; his second wife was Delilah Pringle, born in 
 Stark Co., Ohio, in 1829; her husband, Mr. Pringle, was born in Delaware Co., Ohio; 
 married in 1852 ; died Jan. 7, 1858 ; had one child — Marion, now in Kansas; her 
 maiden name was Brothers; married Mr. Steward in 1862, and had four children — 
 Jacob L., Otis B., Dora M., Hiram Grant (died at the age of 19 months). 
 
 GEORGE STIVERS, livery, Olin; born near Skaneateles Lake, N. Y., 
 in 1823; went to Ohio in 1836, and to Iowa in October, 1864. Was in the United 
 States Army as Acting Quartermaster, in Virginia. Bought eighty acres ; sold out in 
 1879 ; owns town property. Has been Road Supervisor and Trustee. In politics. 
 Republican ; in religion, Methodist. His wife, Nancy Hamilton, was born at Point 
 Harmar, Washington Co., Ohio, May 12, 1824; her father was a cousin of Alexander 
 
ROME TOWNSHIP. 653 
 
 Hamilton, who was killed by A. Burr; married May 12, 1844, and have four children 
 — C. G-., W. W., Mary PI. Sarah A. (now Mrs. McDonough, in Olin). 
 
 TIMOTHY STIVERS, farmer, Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in New York in 
 1819 ; went to Ohio and remained until 1823, and to Jones Co., Iowa, in 1840, with- 
 out a cent of money, and settled at Walnut Forks ; taufjht in the first schoolhouse, in 
 1840 ; he entered 200 acres, and now has 195, on which he has made all the improve- 
 ments ; worked at the blacksmith business on his own place. Was the first Township 
 Clerk ; was a Justice of the Peace when a Territory, and nineteen years afterward ; 
 School Director and Trustee; Treasurer of School Board. His wife, Elizabeth Baugh, 
 was born in Ohio in 1826 ; married in 1844, and have had five children — George H. 
 (now in Kansas), Nancy A. (died at the age of 18), Addie P. (now Mrs. Colby, in 
 Nebraska), Eliza S., Frank W. 
 
 JOHX TYLER SUNDAY, farmer. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Olin; born in Fair- 
 field Co., Ohio, in 1841 ; came to Iowa in 1846, bought forty acres and now owns fifty 
 acres ; made the improvements. In politics. Democrat ; in religion, liberal. His first 
 wife, Elizabeth Foreman, was born in Illinois in 1842; married in 1864; died in 1866. 
 Second wife, Celia Myers, was born in York Co., Penn., in 1845; married in 1869, 
 and has had four children — Odassa, Andrew, Lilly (died in 1877) and Kattie A. 
 
 JOHN TALIiJIAN, farmer. Sec. 6; P. 0. Viroqua; born in Ohio in 
 1821 ; came to Iowa in 1845 ; entered 40 acres and now owns 308 acres; made the 
 improvements — barn, 32x54 feet; house, 18x32 feet; wing, 12x14 feet. In politics, 
 Republican ; in religion, Methodist Episcopal ; has been Road Supervisor, School 
 Director, Trustee and Assessor ; was a member of the Board of Supervisors three years, 
 during the war. His wife, Lucinda Low, was born in Maryland in 1822 ; came to 
 Ohio in 1835 ; married in 1843 ; had ten children — James H., in Greene Co.; Nathan- 
 iel C, in Greene Co.; Reuben R., in Greene Co.; Elizabeth, teacher in Algona College; 
 Winfield, in Greene Co.; Jane, at home ; Rosa, at home ; Angeline, at home ; Cyman- 
 tha, now Mrs. Newman, in Jones Co. ; Wilber E., at home. 
 
 J. W. TAYL.OR, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Marion Co., Ind., 
 in 1829 ; came to Iowa in 1844; entered 160 acres and now owns 238 acres; made all 
 the improvements on the place. In politics. Democrat; in religion. Christian; has 
 been Trustee, Road Supervisor, Constable and School Director. His market was Mus- 
 catine, and sold wheat for 40 cents, dressed pork for $3, and took pay in goods or bob- 
 tail currency. His first wife, Amanda Inghram, was born in Fleming Co., Ky., in 
 1837, and came to Iowa in 1844; married Nov. 18, 1852; died in 1874; had five 
 children— Theodore J., Lemuel C, Frank L., Alma N., Lydia E. (died Jan. 28, 1863). 
 Second wife, Gussie Justice, was born in Lawrence Co., Penn., in 1845 ; came to Iowa 
 in 1855; married George Lee in 1866; he died March 12, 1871; had one child — 
 George. Mrs. Lee, now Mrs. Taylor, married April 1, 1875, and has one child — 
 Maggie May. 
 
 H. H. WALDO, livery, Olin ; born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., in 1834 ; he 
 came to Iowa in 1834 and settled in Maquoketa, and from there to La Mott, then to 
 Delaware Co., and returned to Jones Co. in 1870, at Wyoming, until 1875; then to 
 Nebraska and remained two years, and returned to Jackson Co., Iowa, and, in 1877, to 
 Olin. Enlisted at Dubuque, from Jackson Co., Sept, 27, 1861, and was mustered out 
 in 1863; re-enlisted and served till 1865. In politics. Republican ; in religion, liberal; 
 His first wife, Mary Percil, was born in Virginia ; married Jan. 9, 1867 ; died in 
 1869, leaving one child — Blanch. Second wife, Arabella Lynecs, was born in Canada ; 
 married in 1874, and have two children — Charles and Clarence. 
 
 4^. C. YOPST, restaurant, Olin ; born in Missouri in 1851 ; came to Iowa 
 in 1877. In politics. Republican ; in religion, Methodist Episcopal. His wife, 
 Amanda Coleman, was born in Cedar Co. in 1853 ; married Sept. 16, 1877, and have 
 one child — Pearley Leon. Wife is Free-Will Baptist. 
 
654 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 SCOTCH CROVE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 JOSEPH P. AMES, farmer, Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Onslow ; was born in Ben- 
 nington Co., Vt., June 1, 1814; he removed to Licking Co., Ohio, in 1844, where he 
 lived three years; in 1847, he removed to Seneca Co.; in the fall of 1853, he came to 
 Jones Co., and located in Sec. 19, Clay Township; located where he now lives about 
 1863. He was married to Lydia A. Piper, born in 3Iorgan Co., Ohio ; they have 
 three children — Horace G., Aurelia E. and Charles S.; have lost four children — Ade- 
 line, died in Ohio in infancy ; Lewis, aged 6 ; Mary, aged 20, and Alva, aged 22, died 
 in Iowa. Mr. Amos has about two hundred acres of land. 
 
 JAMES S. APPLE(j}ATE, farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Scotch Grove; was 
 born in Trumbull Co., Ohio, in 1826 ; he came to Jones Co. in the spring of 1857 ; 
 he purcha.sed the farm which he now owns in 1864. He was married to Elizabeth 
 Scofield, who was born in Ohio; has seven children — Alva L., Mary F., Henry W., 
 Charles S., Adda A., Lena K. and Maud P. Farm contains 200 acres of land. He 
 and his wife are members of the Christian Church. 
 
 AREND BAL.STEB, farmer, Sec. 19; P. 0. Scotch Grove; born in the 
 Kingdom of Hanover, Germany, in 1834 ; came to America in 1854, and to Jones Co. 
 in 1867. His wife's maiden name was Jacobs, a native of Germany ; they were mar- 
 ried in 1854; have had sis children, five of whom are living — George H., Mary, 
 Annie, Louisa and John Christopher. Mr. Balster owns 160 acres. He and his fam- 
 ily are members of the Lutheran Church. He is a Republican. 
 
 JAMES CAREY, farmer, Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Scotch Grove ; born in Indiana in 
 1818; came to Bellevue, Iowa, about 1852; came to Jones Co. and settled nn his 
 present farm in 1855. He was married to Nancy Alexander, who was born in Ireland, 
 His present wife was Ann Scofield, also a native of Ireland. Has eight children by 
 first wife. His firm contains eiuhty acres. 
 
 SAMUEI^ H. CLARK, farmer, Sec. 23 ; P. O. Scotch Grove ; was born 
 in ]Mercer Co., Penn., in 1824. He was married to Margaret A. Bently ; her father, 
 John Bently, came to Jones Co. in 1859; he died in 1868. Has six children — 
 Lewis M., Henrietta B. McKean, Louisa J., Mary L., Samuel W. and Edward W. 
 Lost five children, all quite young, except Margaret J., aged 16 years. Mr. Clark was 
 elected a member of the County Board of Supervisors in 1862 ; served four years ; is 
 at present a member of that Board; time expires Jan. 1, 1881, when he will have 
 served in that capacity eight years ; has also been Township Clerk about seven years. 
 Has sixty-two acres of land where he lives ; has one hundred and twenty acres in 
 Woodbury Co., Iowa. Mr. Clark is the son of David Clark, born in Washington Co., 
 Penn., Oct. 12, 1788, and died in Mercer Co. in 1850 ; his mother, Margaret Bell 
 Clark, was born near Carlisle, Penn., in 1798 ; Mrs. Clark's mother died in Pennsylva- 
 nia in 1850 ; the mother of Mr. Clark and the father of Mrs. Clark were married and 
 came to Scotch Grove Township from Pennsylvania in 1859. Mr. Bently died in 
 1868 ; his wife, Mr. Clark's mother, is also deceased. Mr. C. and wife are members of 
 the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 LEWIS DREIBELBIS, farmer, Sec. 15; P. 0. Scotch Grove; was 
 born in Schuylkill Co., Penn., in 1813; he came to Michigan in the spring of 1833; 
 thence in the vicinity of Galena, where ho lived until 1839 ; thence to Dubuque Co., 
 until 1845, when he came to Jones Co. and settled on his present farm. He was mar- 
 ried to Mary 31clntyre, who came from the Red River country with her parents in 
 1837 ; they settled in Jo Daviess, 111., where thoy died some years since. Mr. Drei- 
 belbis went to California in 1850, where he remained twenty-two years, leaving the 
 farm in charge of his family; he returned in 1872. Has six children, three of whom 
 are living — Catherine (now Mrs. Adam Sutherland), Duncan and Ashcr 0.; Augustus, 
 the oldest son, enlisted in the 9th I. V. I., Company D, in 1861 ; he was mortally 
 
SCOTCH GROVE TOWNSHIP. 655 
 
 wounded the day following the battle of Pea Ridge, by the accidental explosion of a 
 shell ; Jacob, the second son, enlisted in Co. H, 31st I. V. I., and died on board the 
 " City of Memphis," between Memphis and St. Louis, on the 16th of April, 1863 ; 
 David, born March, 1849, died March, 1873. Members of M. E. Church. 
 
 THOMAS FAGAN, farmer. Sec. 13; P. 0. Clayford ; was born In Ire- 
 land in 1819 ; came to the United States in 1847 ; he lived in Jersey City from April, 
 1847, till November, 1856, where he was engaged as foreman in a starch factory; he 
 came to Jones Co. in 1856, and settled on eighty acres of his present farm. He was 
 married to Mary O'Brien; they have four children — John, Patrick J., Margaret E. and 
 Mary A.; have lost three children. Mr. Fagan is one of the successful farmers of Jones 
 Co.; he has 630 acres of land. He and his family are members of the Catholic Church. 
 
 MICHAEL FOIIST, farmer. Sec. 39 ; P. O. Center Junction ; born in 
 Pennsylvania in 1842 ; came to Jones Co. with his parents in 1854. His wife's maiden 
 name was Mary Bailey, a native of New York ; they were married in 1872 ; they have 
 four children — Harriet, Ellen Maria, Johnnie and Margaret. Mr. Foust owns eighty 
 acres of land. He is a Republican. 
 
 MARGARET GREER, flirmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Scotch Grove ; born in 
 Ireland in 1801 ; came to America in 1852, and to Jones Co. in 1856 ; she has been 
 twice married ; her first husband's name was Carson ; he died in the old country ; they 
 were married in their native county and had seven children, three living — Robert, 
 James and Matilda ; her last husband, Mr. Greer, died in September, 1879. Mrs. Greer 
 is a member of the United Presbyterian Church. She has sold her farm and converted 
 that and all her real estate into paper and money, and is only looking after what accrues 
 from her former business ; she has an interest in the home and building of her son-in- 
 law, and proposes making her home with him. 
 
 GEORGE W. HAESEY, farmer, Sec. 36; P. 0. Onslow; born in 
 Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1830. He was married to Caroline Dickinson, of Oswego Co., 
 N. Y. Came to Jones Co. from Oswego, N. Y., January, 1858, and settled in Wyom- 
 ing Township ; also lived in Madison Township about three years ; he settled on his 
 present farm in the Ml of 1862 ; has eight children — Maggie A., Ella F., John W., 
 Henry G., Mary C, Julia E., Bertha C. and Catherine. Mr. Halsey's fiirm contains 
 185 acres of land; is engaged in dairying and stock-raising. 
 
 H. D. HAXNA, merchant, and proprietor of Ro>e Creamery, Scotch Grove; was 
 born in Trumbull Co., Ohio, in 1822 ; he came to Andrew, Jackson Co., Iowa, in the spring 
 of 1853,where he lived seven years engaged in the wagon-making business ; was Justice of 
 the Peace while there, from 1855 to 1860. His first wife was Mariette Rice ; she died 
 in Ohio, in December. 1849 ; his present wife was Mary Dice, from Mahoning Co., 
 Ohio ; has one son by first marriage — Isaac S., and three children by second marriage — 
 Charles, Clara and Maggie. Mr. Ilanna removed from Jackson Co. to Clayton Co. in 
 1860, thence to Linn Co. in 1863. He came to his present location in May, 1874, and 
 engaged in the grain trade ; he engaged in the merchandise business in December of 
 that year ; built his creamery in the spring of 1879. He and family are members of 
 the Christian Church. 
 
 JAMES MUTTON, farmer. Sec. 16; P. 0. Scotch Grove; born in Scioto 
 Co., Ohio, in 1811. He was married to Nancy Brouse, of Scioto Co. He removed to 
 Dubuque Co., Iowa, in 1834, and engaged in mining. His flither's family removed to 
 Dubuque Co. at the same time. In 1836, with his father, Charles P. Hutton, and his 
 two brothers, William and David, he built a grist-mill in that county, on Catfish Creek ; 
 his was one of the first mills built in Dubuque Co.; about 1838, Mr. Hutton, with his 
 father, came to Jones Co. and settled in Washington Township ; removed to Ediuburg, 
 Jones Co., when the county seat was located there, and engaged in hotel-keeping, where 
 he remained until the county seat was removed ; he settled on his present farm in 1855 ; 
 his father also came to Scotch Grove Township, where he resided until his death ; has 
 had four children ; only two are known to be living — William and Allen ; Samuel went 
 to Colorado in 1869, supposed to be deceased; lost one daughter — Mary Ellen Suther- 
 land. Owns eighty acres of land. Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
656 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 :iIIDDL.ETON H. HUTTOX, farmer, Sec. 15; P. 0. Scotch Grove; 
 was born in Scioto Co., Ohio, in 1817 ; he came to Mount Pleasant, Iowa, in Septem- 
 ber, 1842, and to Jones Co. about Christmas of that year; he entered the farm where 
 he now Hvesin the sprinj; of 1843. He was married to Matilda Piles, also from Ohio ; 
 they have six children — Caroline, Philander, James, Martha, Lora and Wesley. Mr. 
 Hutton has 215 acres of land. 
 
 DAVID KENNISON, farmer, Sec. 29; P. 0. Center Junction; born in 
 Lower Canada in 1802 ; came to Jones Co. in the fall of 1852; settled on present farm 
 in the fall of 1854. His first wife was Polly Allard ; his present wife was Emily P. 
 Sheffield ; has four children by first marriage and six by present wife. Mr. Kennison's 
 farm contains 160 acres. 
 
 <KEOR<]rE K ROUSE, farmer, See. 35 ; P. 0. Center Junction ; was born 
 in Bavaria, Germany, in 1830 ; emigrated to Illinois with his parents in 1845, and to 
 Jones Co. in 1852 ; Mr. Krouse entered his farm of 160 acres when he first came to 
 the county ; he has 160 acres. He was married to Margaret J. Overly, born in Ken- 
 tucky ; they have four children — Lucy, Ida, Lucinda and John E. Members of Method- 
 ist Episcopal Church. 
 
 WILIilAM IrEECH, farmer. Sec. 34 ; P. O. Center Junction ; born in 
 Center Co., Penn., Nov. 15, 1821 ; his parents, William and Elizabeth Leech, 
 removed to what is now Clarion Co., Penn., in 1838. He was married to Mary Jane 
 Corbitt, born in Clarion Co.; Mr. Leech came to Jones Co. in November, 1857, and 
 settled where he now lives ; he has 387 acres of land ; is engaged in stock-raising ; has 
 six children — Elizabeth W., Clara J., Amy E., James T., Mary B. and H. T.; has lost 
 one — Gohean W. Mr. Leech and wife are members of the Baptist Church. 
 
 JOHN E. L-OVE JOY, station agent for Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 
 Railroad, at Scotch Grove Station ; born in Albion, Kennebec Co., Me., in 1817 ; his 
 parents were Daniel and Elizabeth Lovejoy; he is a brother of Elijah P. Lovejoy, who 
 was killed by a pro slavery mob at Alton, 111., in 1837. Mr. Lovejoy went to St. Louis 
 in 1835, where he learned the printer's trade in the office of his brother, Elijah P., who 
 was then editor of the St. Louis Observer; thence to Alton with his brother, and was 
 employed in the office of the latter at the time he was killed. He came to Iowa in 
 December, 1839 ; Jones Co. has generally been his home since that time ; he, 
 however, has spent about two years in Illinois since that date. In 1861, he was 
 appointed U. S. Consul to Peru, which position he filled for about three and a half 
 years ; after his return from Peru, till 1871, he was engaged in farming in Sec. 16, this 
 township ; thence to Center Junction, where he was engaged in the mercantile business 
 for about three years ; assumed his present position in 1875. His first wife was Mar- 
 guerette Livingston ; his present wife was Joanna Macbeth ; has five children by first 
 marriage — two sons and three daughters ; has a son and daughter by second marriage. 
 Mr. Lovejoy and his sister, Elizabeth Hammond, who lives in Chicago, are the only 
 survivors of seven children. 
 
 ROBERT EIVIXOSTOX, farmer. Sec. 32; P.O. Center Junction; 
 was born in Scotland in 1847 ; he came to Jones Co. with his parents in 1854; his 
 father settled in Madison Township; he died in 1874. Mr. Livingston was married to 
 Celia Kline ;-they have two children — Lily M. and John W. Has 130 acres of land. 
 He and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church . 
 
 _ DR. ALEXANDER McKEAN, Scotch Grove; born in Carroll Co., 
 Ohio, in 1838 ; his father, the llev. James McKean, a Presbyterian minister, came to 
 Scotch Grove Township in June, 1855, and settled in Sec. 19, where he had purchased 
 of the Government about 700 acres of land about two years previous to that time ; he 
 engaged in the ministry for some time after he came to the county, though not regu- 
 larly, on account of declining health; he died in the fiill of 1876, in his 81st year ; he 
 was a soldier of the war of 1812 ; he had seven sons when he came to Jones Co. — Fer- 
 gus S., Hugh C, James W., John, Alexander, Francis C. and Charles B. Three of the 
 sons were in the army during the rebellion ; James W. was Captain of Co. C, 44th I. 
 V. I.; he was a Presbyterian minister, and, when he entered the army, was President of 
 
SCOTCH GROVE TOWNSHIP. 657 
 
 Lenox Collegiate Institute, at Hopkin ton, Delaware Co.; he died at Memphis, Tenn.,on 
 the 9th of July, 1864; Francis C. was Captain of Co. D, 9th I. V. I.; he died from dis- 
 ease eontracted in the army, May 5, 1874 ; Charles was a private in Co. C, 44th I.V. I. 
 Dr. Alexander McKean received his literary education at the Lenox Collegiate Insti- 
 tute ; he studied medicine with Dr. A. G. McGrrew, of Wyoming ; attended lectures at 
 Rush Medical College, Chicago ; has practiced medicine about ten years ; he makes a 
 specialty of treating diseases of the eye. He was married to Delia Strohl, whose father 
 was an early settler of Dubuque Co. 
 
 CHARLES B. McKEAN, farmer, Sec. 19; P. 0. Scotch Grove; born 
 in Carroll Co., Ohio, in 1845 ; came to Jones Co. with his parents in 1855. He 
 enlisted in Co. C, 44th I. V. I ; enlisted for 100 days ; served about four months ; was 
 discharged in November, 1864. He married Henrietta B. Clark, born in Pennsylva- 
 nia ; her parents came to Jones Co. in 1854 ; they have three children — Marguerette 
 A., Frank and Alexander. Mr. McKean has 125 acres of land. He and wife are 
 members of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 WILLIAM MONCRIEFF, farmer. Sec. 31; P. 0. Center Junction; 
 born in Ireland in 1827 ; came to this country in 1844; lived in the State of New York 
 about two years ; thence to Pennsylvania ; came to Jones Co. in 1853; came to his 
 present location in 1863. He married Martha Carson, a native of Scotland ; they have 
 five children — William J., Margaret J., Robert, Charles and Samuel. Mr. Moncrieff's 
 farm contains 170 acres of land. 
 
 MATTHEW XELSOX, farmer. Sec. 22; P. 0. Center Junction; born 
 iruWashington Co., Penn., in 1809, where he lived till he was 23 years of age ; thence 
 to Carroll Co., Ohio, where he lived eight years ; thence to Mahoning Co., Ohio, where 
 he lived twelve years; he came to Jones Co. in January, 1855, and settled on his pres- 
 ent farm. His first wife was Jane Johnson, born in Pennsylvania ; his present wife was 
 Ann Larkey, of Jackson Co., Iowa ; he had four children by his first marriage, only one 
 of whom is living — Mrs. Mary A. Sinclair, of Scotch Grove Township. Mr. Nelson 
 has 200 acres of land. He and wife are members of the United Brethren Church. 
 
 REV. JOHX RICE, Presbyterian Minister, resides in Sec. 15; P. 0. 
 Scotch Grove ; was born in Paisley, Scotland, in 1824; was educated at Glasgow 
 College, Scotland ; he came to New York City in 1852 ; thence to Pennsylvania, where 
 he was engaged in the ministry for twenty-four years ; he had charge of the Presbyte- 
 rian Church, Scotch Grove Township, for six years. Mr. Rice was married to Louisa 
 Diven, of Pennsylvania ; they have three children — Samuel J., Andrew A. and Mary E. 
 
 ADAM SUTHERLAND, farmer. Sec. 14; P. 0. Scotch Grove; son of 
 John and Margaret Macbeth Sutherland ; born in British America in 1835 ; came with his 
 father's family to Jones Co. in 1837. Enlisted February, 1864, in the 9th I. V. I. ; 
 served till the close of the war ; was in the Atlanta campaign, and in Sherman's march 
 to the sea. Married Catherine Dreibelbis, daughter of Lewis Dreibelbis ; they have 
 one child — Mary J. Farm contains 90 acres. Mr. Sutherland and wife are members 
 of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 DAVID SUTHERLAND, farmer, Sec. 14; P.O. Scotch Grove; son of 
 John and Margaret Macbeth Sutherland ; he went to California in 1850, and engaged in 
 mining. Returned in 1856, and purchased his farm that year. He was married to 
 Wilhelmina Sutherland, daughter of Ebenezer Sutherland, who came from British 
 America in 1838. Her father is still living in Scotch Grove Township ; his age is 78 
 years; her mother died in May, 1876. Mr. Sutherland has seven children — Margaret 
 A., Lelia E., Mary B., Catherine, Fannie M., George W. and Sarah M. Members of 
 Presbyterian Church. 
 
 DONALD SUTHERLAND, farmer. Sec. 18; P. O. Scotch Grove; 
 was born in Scotland in 1808 ; his father's family emigrated to Selkirk settlement, in 
 the Red River country, British America, in 1815. He was married to Nancy Liv- 
 ingston, who was born in the above settlement in 1817. Her father emigrated to that 
 country in 1812. Mr. Donald Sutherland, with his family, emigrated to Iowa and 
 settled in Scotch Grove Township in 1838; came to their present location in 1861 ; 
 
658 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ; ' 
 
 Mr. Sutherland has ten children — Nancy, William, Donald, Belle, Flora, Mary E., 
 Nathaniel, Alexander, Catherine M. and John E.; lost one son — John ; the first two 
 mentioned were born in the Red River country ; Donald, the third child, was the first 
 white child born in Scotch Grove Township ; he was born Nov. 23, 1838 ; he is now a 
 resident of Page Co., Iowa ; he served three years in the 31st I. V. I., during the rebell- 
 ion. Mr. Sutherland's farm contains 160 acres. He and his family are members of 
 the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 GEORGE SUTHERLAXD, fiirmer, Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Onslow ; he is 
 one of a numerous family who came to this township from the region of the Red River 
 of the North in 1837; his father was a native of Scotland, and went to British America 
 about the year 1812, in the service of the Hudson Bay Co. Mr. George Sutherland 
 was married to Isabella Sutherland, daughter of Kbenezer ; she died in 1863 ; he has 
 one son — Charles T., now a student of Hopkinton Colletre, born in 1857 ; lost one son 
 — John Ross. John Sutherland, the fiither of George, died in April, 1877 ; his mother, 
 Margaret Sutherland, died in 1859. 
 
 JOH\ SUTHERLAND, fiirmer, Sec. 28; P. 0. Center Junction; his 
 father, John Sutherland, was a native of Scotland ; when a young man, he went to 
 British Ameri3a, in the service of the Hudson's Bay Co., where he was married to the 
 mother of this sketch, Margaret Macbeth, and where John, Jr., was born ; the fiimily 
 emigrated to Iowa and settled in Jones Co. in 1837. John Sutherland, Sr., had ten 
 sons and two daughters ; eight sons and one diughter are still living. The father died in 
 April, 1877, the mother in 1859. John, Jr., went to California in 1849, and engaged in 
 mining ; he took part in the Oregon Indian war, in the winter of 1854-55 ; he remained in 
 California about seven years; he enlisted in 1861 in the 9t,h I. V. I.; served about four 
 and one-half years ; he participated in the battle of Pea Ridge, where his brother Mor- 
 rison was mortally wounded; was at the battle of Lookout Mountain, at the siege of 
 Vicksburg, where he was wounded, and took part in many other engagements. He 
 was married to Caroline Espy, whose parents came to Jones Co. in 1850; they have 
 three children — Thos. M., Chas. R. and Frank D. Members of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 JOHX St'THERLABJD, farmer. Sec. 22; P. 0. Scotch Grove; was 
 born in Scotch Gi'ove Township in 1841. His father, Alexander Sutherland, came to 
 Jones Co. from British America in 1837 ; he settled on the fnm where John now lives, 
 which belongs to his heirs, in about 1846; he died in November, 1846. His mother 
 still lives at the homestead. Mr. Sutherland enlisted in the 31st I. V. I., in August, 
 1862; was discharged July 2, 1865 ; he was at the seisie of Vicksburg and in Sher- 
 man's campaign to the sea. He was married to Ida J. Clark ; they have two children 
 — Edith and Eva, B. The f\irm contains 190 acres. Mr. S. and wife belong to the 
 Presbvterian Church. 
 
 \\n, SUTIIERLAXO, farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Scotch Grove; Mr. Suther- 
 land came to Jones Co. from British America, with his parents, Donald and Nancy 
 Sutherland, in 1838 ; has been a resident of Scotch Grove Township for over forty 
 years; was born in the Selkirk settlement, in the Red River country, in March, 1837. 
 He was married to Henrietta B. Espy, born in Pennsylvania ; they have three children 
 — Charles A., I]dward and Nettie E. His fiirm contains 190 acres. Members of the 
 Presbyterian Church. 
 
 AXGUS SIXCLAIR, former, Sec. 15; P. 0. Scotch Grove; born in the 
 Selkirk settlement, on the Red River of the North, Briti.sh America, Jan. 1, 1833 ; his 
 father emigrated to that country when a young man, in the service of the Hudson Bay 
 Co. ; the family came to Jones Go. in 1838 ; they lived in Scotch Grove Township. Sec. 
 15, for two years; also lived for a short time in Washington Township; his father 
 entered the farm which his son Angus now owns, in 1841, where he died about 1846. 
 The mother of Mr. Sinclair lives with him ; she is now 90 years of age ; she has two 
 daughters — Christina, who also lives at the homestead, and Elizabeth, the wife of Mr. 
 D. Mclntyre. Angus married Miss Ann Nelson ; they have five children — Elizabeth, 
 Donald 0., Matthew M., Ann B. and Helen S. ; lost one son — James D. Farm con- 
 tains 160 acres. Mr. Sinclair is a Presbyterian. 
 
MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 659 
 
 THOMAJ^ WHITE, farmer, Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Center Junction ; born in Ire- 
 land in 1822 ; came to America in 184-lr, and to Jones Co. in 1853, in the fall. Wife's 
 maiden name was Catherine Reed, a native of Ireland also ; they were married in 1848 ; 
 have seven children — William, Margaret, Amelia, Thomas David, James Louis, Rob- 
 ert Henry, Eliza Salina and Emma. Mr. White owns seventy-eight acres. Mr. and 
 Mrs. White and three of the children are members of the U. P. Church ; Mr. White 
 is a Republican. 
 
 ROBERT WILIilAMSOX, fu-mer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Center Junction ; 
 born in Dubuque in 1837. His father, John Williamson, went to Dubuque in 1834 ; 
 he came to Richland Township, Jones Co., in 1839 ; he died at his home, in that town- 
 ship, on the 19th of October, 1868 ; he had six sons and two daughters — Robert, Sam- 
 uel, Ann, Eleanor, John B., William Y., Richard W. and David C. ; all living, except 
 Samuel, who enlisted in Co. H, 31st I. V. I. ; enlisted as a private ; promoted to Orderly 
 Sergeant; he died on the 27th of August, 1863, on board the Forest Queen, between 
 Vicksburg and Memphis, while returuing home on, a furlough. Robert married Mar- 
 tha Ford, born in Pennsylvania ; they have seven children — Eleanor McDonald, lives 
 at Center Junction, Jones Co., and has one child ; Ann, resides in San Francisco, Cal. ; 
 John, lives in Greene Co., Iowa; William, has recently sold his farm in Richland Town- 
 ship ; Richard, lives at Center Junction ; David, lives at Valparaiso, Neb. Robert has 
 20U acres of land; came to present location in spring of 1867. 
 
 MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 
 
 WIIililAM ABEIi, livery and boarding stable, Monticello ; was born in 
 Scotland July 16, 1847; when 7 years of age, his parents came to Canada; in 1865, 
 he came to Illinois, and learned the blacksmith trade ; in 1863, he came to Jones Co. 
 and located at Monticello, and engaged in carriage and wagon making, and carried on a 
 large business for ten years. In September, 1870, he married Miss Sophia Yousse, 
 from Monticello ; they have three children — Walter, Willie, Vessie. 
 
 FRAiVK ALiTMAN, proprietor saloon, Monticello ; is a native of Luxem- 
 burg, Gei'many, and was born in 1837 ; he grew up to manhood there, and emigrated 
 to America in 1857 ; he came to Dubuque ; lived there and in Cascade, and lived in 
 Jackson nine years; he came to Jones Co. and Monticello in 1875 ; he owns the prop- 
 erty where he carries on his business ; built it in 1875. He married Mary Webber, 
 from Luxemburg, Germany, in 1869 ; they have four children — Mary, Katie, William, 
 Annie, and have lost two children — Frank and Maggie. 
 
 J. W. AXTHOjXY, retired, Monticello ; "is a native of Ulster Co., N. Y., 
 and was born Jan. 20, 1819 ; he grew up to manhood and learned the trade of black- 
 smith ; he lived in New York City, and was engaged in ship-smithing in the ship-yard 
 of George Law ; in 1850, he came to Wisconsin, and was foreman in the railroad 
 blacksmith-shops in Milwaukee for eleven years, and was engaged in farming in Rock 
 Co. ; in 1866, he came to Iowa, and engaged in farming ; he was also engaged in mer- 
 cantile business some years. On the 16th of November, 1857, he was united in mar- 
 riage to Mrs. Susan M. Banta, formerly Miss Susan M. Drake, from Westchester Co., 
 N. Y. ; she has one son, James H. Banta, living in Chicago. Mr. Anthony had noth- 
 ing when he began life, and has made what he has by his own efforts. He has two 
 children by a former wife — John B. (now living in St. Louis) and Mary J. (now Mrs. 
 N. A. Rice, of this county). 
 
 XEWELL< W. AUSTIIV, contractor and builder, Monticello ; is a native 
 of Delaware Co., N. Y., and was born July 31, 1831 ; he grew up to manhood and 
 learned the trade of carpenter and joiner in that State ; he came West to Iowa in 
 1856, and located in Cascade, Dubuque Co. ; lived there five years, then came to Jones 
 Co., and settled in Scotch Grove; remained there one year and a half, and came to 
 
660 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Monticello, and since then has been engaged in contracting and building here. He has 
 held the office of Justice of the Peace and Assessor, and now holds the office of City 
 Councilman. He is connected with the A. O. U. W., and is now Past. Master Work- 
 man. He married Miss Emeline A. Gardner, from Broome Co., N. Y., December 24, 
 1851 ; they have three children — Lewis (now in Nebraska), Lydia (now Mrs. H. H. 
 Monroe), Nellie (at home) ; they have lost one daughter — Jennie. 
 
 JOHN H. BACHER, of the firm of J. H. Bacher & Co., dealers in drugs, 
 medicines, books and stationery; is a native of Allentown, Lehigh Co., Penn., and was 
 born Feb. 19. 1852; he grew up and attended school there, and completed his educa- 
 tion at Muhlenburg College and graduated in 1869; the following year, he came to 
 Iowa ; located in Jones Co., and, in 187-4, he engaged in the drug business, and has 
 built up a good trade. He has held the office of Town Clerk. On the 1st of May, 
 1879, he was united in marriage to Miss Amelia Gibson, a native of Jones Co., Iowa, 
 and daughter of John Gibson, of this city. 
 
 SEY.IIOLTR BENNETT, farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in 
 Cayuga Co., N. Y., in June, 1822; his parents, Nathan and Lois Bennett, removed to 
 Trumbull Co., Ohio, in March, 18-40, where they resided till their death. He was 
 married to Mary E. Palmer, born in Connecticut ; came to Iowa, and settled on Bow- 
 en's Prairie, North Fork Township, Delaware Co., in December, 1865; removed to 
 Monticello in 1868; purchased and located on present farm in 1869. Has four chil- 
 dren — Luman H., Lois, Zella and Rosa. Mr. Bennett has 615 acres of land; is 
 engaged quite extensively in dairying. 
 
 W. E. BINCwHAM, dealer in watches, clocks, jewelry and silver-ware, 
 Monticello; is a native of Chesterfield, New Hampshire, and was born Oct. 2, 1854; 
 his parents came to Iowa in 1856, and located in Jones Co. ; he grew up to manhood 
 and received his education here, and learned the jewelry business ; he afterward 
 engaged in business for himself He is Secretary and Treasurer of the State lletail 
 Jewelers' Association of Iowa. On the 2d of April, 1878, he was united in marriage to 
 Miss Maria T. Gill, a native of this county, and daughter of H. W. Gill, Esq., of this city. 
 Mr. Bingham's mother, Mrs. Prusha Bingham, is now living in Monticello; her hus- 
 band, Elihu Bingham, died Feb. 8, 1874, leaving five children, two of whom are living 
 in Boston and three living here. 
 
 JOHN BliANCHARD, publisher of the Monticello Express ; is a native 
 of Crawford Co., Ohio, and was born March 31, 1842 ; when he was only 2 years of 
 age, his parents removed to Canada ; he gi'ew up to manhood there, attended the com- 
 mon schools, and afterward entered Albert University. In 1860, he came to New 
 York, and, for ten years, was connected with the publishing business, and was cor- 
 respondent for new.spapers. In 1871, he came to Jones Co. and located at Monticello, 
 and, the following year, bought the Express, and since then has published that paper. 
 He married Miss Sarah L. Young, a native of Canada, Dec. 25, 1861 ; they have twa 
 children — Clarence and Eva ; they have lost one daughter. 
 
 (jr. A. BOMAN, of the firm of Brown & Boman, harness-makers, Monti- 
 cello ; is a native of Putnam Co., 111., and was born Nov. 28, 1854; his parents 
 came to Iowa in 1856, and located in Clinton Co.; he grew up to manhood there, and 
 learned the harness-maker's trade ; he came to Monticello and engaged in the harness- 
 making business with C. W. Brown August 1, 1878, and they are building up a 
 nice trade. He married Miss Alice M. Hooper, from Clinton County, Iowa, May 30, 
 1878. 
 
 C W, BROWN, of the firm of Brown & Boman, harness-makers, Monticello ; 
 is a native of Delaware Co., Ohio, and was born March 13, 1854; when 13 years of 
 age, he came to Clinton Co., Iowa, and learned the trade of harness-maker at Wheat- 
 land ; he came to Monticello and associated with G. A. Boman Aug. 1, 1878, and since 
 then they have carried on the business here, and, by industry and close attention to- 
 business, they are buildin<r up a cjood trade. 
 
 S. Y. BRADSTREET, Monticello; is a native of Warren Co., Ohio, 
 and was born Sept. 8, 1819 ; he grew up to manhood in that State, and learned the 
 
MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 661 
 
 trade of carpenter and joiner in Cincinnati; he also studied architecture there. In 
 November, 1845, he came to Iowa and located in Dubuque, when there was only 2,500 
 people there ; he began working at his trade for a time, and then engaged in building 
 and contracting, and continued for eighteen years, except four years spent in California. 
 He came to Jones Co. in September, 1863, and, the same year, he bought 109 acres of 
 land that is now in the best part of the city ; he has laid out two additions, being 
 Bradstreet's First and Second Additions to Monticello. When Mr. Bradstreet 
 arrived in Dubuque, he did not have a cent, and now he is the largest land-owner in 
 Monticello ; his success in Hfe is owing to his own efforts and good management. He 
 was elected the first Mayor of Monticello, and held that office two years ; he has also 
 held the offices of Town Trustee, City Alderman, and is now a member of the Water- 
 works Board of Trustees. While living in Dubuque, he married Maria Hall, from New 
 York, in 1855 ; she died in 1873. In 1874, he married Mrs. E. A. Wallace, formerly 
 Miss E. A. Thompson, from Ticonderoga, N. Y. 
 
 WIIiL-IAM BRAZELTOBf, farmer, Sec. 14; P. O. Monticello ; was 
 born in Sangamon Co., 111., Dec. 31, 1821 ; his father, Benjamin Brazelton, was a 
 native of East Tennessee, and was born in 1795 ; his mother's maiden name was Alice 
 Moore, of Ohio. His parents emigrated to Illinois in 1817 ; his father was a soldier in 
 the Black Hawk war ; was a member of Capt. Jesse Brown's company of Rangers ; he 
 died in August, 1832, of cholera, at Rock Island; his mother was born in South 
 Carolina in 1799, and died in Western Iowa in 1856. Mr. Brazelton was married to 
 Miss Ruth Minton ; they have eleven children — George, born Dec. 15, 1844; Jane, 
 Oct. 1, 1846; Ella, Oct. 25, 1848; Olive, Feb. 10, 1851; Owen, Aug. 30, 1853; 
 Sarah, July 23, 1855 ; Jerome, June 3, 1858 ; Perry, June 20, 1861 ; Noel, June 30, 
 1863; Chloe, May 25, 1866; Ruby, June 14, 1871. Mr. Brazelton came to Iowa in 
 1840, and located in Linn Co., where he was married in 1843. He came to Bowen's 
 Prairie in 1845 ; in 1850, he removed to Independence; in 1852, he built the first 
 hotel of that place, known as the Brazelton House, which he conducted till the fall of 
 1853 ; this hotel was afterwai'd known as the Montour House ; he also built the first 
 store and schoolhouse of that town. He returned to Bowen's Prairie in the fall of 
 1853, where he still resides ; he settled on his present farm in March, 1875 ; this farm 
 contains 380 acres of land ; he is engaged in dairying and stock-raising. 
 
 W. W. CALKINS, of the'firm of S. & W. W. Calkins, dealers in groceries 
 and provisions, Monticello ; is a native of Clinton Co., N. Y., and was born Feb. 3, 
 1839; he grew up to manhood and received his education there. He came to Iowa 
 in 1867, and located in Monticello, and has since resided here, and is associated with 
 his father in the mercantile business. He has held the offices of Town Clerk, Town 
 Collector two years. Town Trustee for three years, and was elected Coroner at the 
 recent election. He is a member of the Masonic Order; he was made a Master Mason 
 in 1861, and was made a Royal Arch Mason since coming to Monticello. He was 
 united in marriage to 3Iiss Sarah Benedict, a native of Malone, Franklin Co., N. Y., 
 July 3, 1862 ; they have two children — Albert and Anna. 
 
 S. CAIjKINS, dealer in groceries and provisions, Monticello ; is a native of 
 Canada ; was born Nov. 28, 1815 ; he grew up to manhood there and came to New 
 York State and lived there until 1867, then came to Jones Co. and located at Monti- 
 cello; in 1877, he engaged in his present business ; while living in New York, he held 
 the office of Superintendent of Schools, and since coming here has held the offices of 
 City Weighmaster and Street Commissioner. In 1837, he was united in marriage to 
 Miss Sarah Ann Walbridge, from Vermont ; they have one son — Wesley W., engaged 
 in business with his father. 
 
 ANTON CHASDACK, harness-maker, Monticello; was born in Bohe- 
 mia April 8, 1845 ; he emigrated to America in 1866, and came to Iowa ; he learned 
 his trade of harness-maker in Cedar Rapids, and, in 1870, came to Monticello, and since 
 then has carried on the business here and has a good trade. In 1874, he married Kate 
 Pechenty, in Marion, Linn Co., Iowa ; she was born in Bohemia; they have one daugh- 
 ter — Frances, born Nov. 22, 1876. 
 
662 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 JOHN CliARK, contractor and builder, Monticello ; is a native of Mercer 
 Co., Fenn., and was born Aug. 28, 1824 ; he grew up to manhood there and learned 
 the trade of carpenter and joiner ; in 1855, he came West to Iowa, and located in Jones 
 Co., and engaged in farniiug, and was one of the earliest settlers in Wayne Township ; 
 he continued farming twelve yeai's, then came to Monticello and engaged in contracting 
 and building ; he has erected some of the best buildings here, among others the Public 
 School Building, one of the finest in the State ; Kinsella's store, and many others ; in 
 1877, he built the house where he now lives, one of the finest private residences in the 
 county ; while living in Wayne Township, he held town and school offices. He married 
 Miss Maria Joslyn, a native of New York State ; they have two daughters — Emma and 
 Fannie ; Emma, now Mrs. Brazee, of Minnesota, is acknowledged by judges of music 
 to be the most accomplished pianist in the State ; Fannie is at home. 
 
 WILLIAM CLIXE, farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Sand Springs, Delaware Co.; was 
 born in Muskingum Co., Ohio, on Dec. 22, 1828 ; 'tis flither, Phillip Cline, removed 
 to McLean Co., 111., in 1829, and to Jones Co., Iowa, and settled on Bowen's Prairie in 
 184o. William was the oldest of five children ; his parents resided on Bowen's Prairie 
 till September, 1873, when they went to York Co., Neb., where they now live. Will- 
 iam went overland to California in 1850, and engaged in mining ; returned in October, 
 1852. He was married to Emeline Burnham, whose parents, William and Sarah Burn- 
 ham, were early settlers of Delaware Co.; they have six children — Andrew M., Phillip 
 J., Charles A., William B., Carrie E. and P^meline. Mr. Cline settled on his present 
 farm in 1853 ; he has 560 acres of land, a part of which lies in Delaware Co. 
 
 O. W^. COXDOX, insurance agent, Monticello ; is a native of Frederick Co.. 
 Md., and was born Nov. 12, 1824 ; he grew up to manhood and received his education 
 in that State; in 1848, he came to Knox Co., Ohio; he came to Iowa in 1855, and 
 engaged in teaching in Jones Co. for a short time, then returned to Ohio, where he lived 
 until 1809, when he came to Jones Co., located in Monticello and engaged in the boot 
 and shoe trade on the corner of First and Cedar streets ; he continued in the boot and 
 shoe business until 1877, and since then ha^ been engaged in the insurance business; 
 he owns the property on the corner of First and Cedar streets and other town property ; 
 he held various town offices in Ohio, and has served in the City Council here. He was 
 united in marriage to Miss P. McDaniel, a native of Knox Co., Ohio, Oct. 18, 1849. 
 
 F. A. COYIiE, photograph artist, Monticello ; is a native of Pennsylvania, 
 and was born in the city of Philadelphia in November, 1855 ; when very young, his 
 parents came to Dubuque, Iowa, and afterward came to Jones Co.; he grew up and 
 learned the photograph business ; he opened a gallery in Buchanan Co. in April, 1876 ; 
 he engaged in the business here in Monticello, and is building up a nice business. In 
 October, 1875, he married Miss Julia C. Bundle, a native of Bowen's Prairie, Jones 
 Co.; they have two children — Nellie and Arthur. 
 
 CHARL.E8 F. CRAl^E, farmer. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in 
 Putnam Co., N. Y., in 1832 ; he came to Monticello Township in the spring of 1855, 
 and settled on his present farm, where he has since resided. He was married to Lucy 
 Battles, daughter of Otis Battles, who settled in Delaware Co., from Massachusetts, in 
 1857. They have seven children — Eva D., William E., Ida, Floi'a, Frank, Charles 
 and Orrin. His farm contains 140 acres. He and wife are members of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. 
 
 GEORGE W. CURTIS, farmer, Sec. 29; P. O. Monticello; was born in 
 Paulding Co., Ohio, in 1829. He was married to Catharine Clemmer, of Ohio. He 
 came to Jones Co. Nov. 1, 1855, and purchased 80 acres of his present farm; he now 
 has 220 acres. Has nine children — Charles C, Margaret E., Alice A., Florence F. , 
 Martha M., Horatio N., Laura L., Geori^e W. and Edith E. 
 
 CAPT. JAMES DAVIDSON, Postmaster, Monticello; is a native of 
 Sandusky, Ohio, and was born April 27, 1836 ; he grew up and received his education 
 at Sandusky and Oberlin College until 1S51, when his parents removed to Elgin, 111., 
 and lived there and in Chicago until the breaking-out of the rebellion, in 18(31. He 
 w H an officer in the Elgin Continental Military Company ; he volunteered April 14, 
 
MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 665 
 
 1861, and the company became Company A, 7th 111. V. I., the first regiment raised for 
 the war in Illinois for the three months' service ; he re-enlisted for three years in the 
 52d 111. V. I., and was commissioned Lieutenant of Co. Gr ; he was wounded in the 
 battle of Pittsburg Landing, April 6 ; after the battle, was promoted, and for two years 
 served as Aid on the Staff of Gen. T. W. Sweeney; as Aid and Acting Adjutant Gen- 
 eral, Second Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, and participated in the battles of that 
 division ; he was in the service about four years. On the 21st of September, 18()-±, he 
 was united in marriage to Miss Adaliza E. Dean, from Conneaut, Ohio ; they came to 
 Iowa and located at Monticello in 1866. He was editor of the Monticello Express for a 
 year and a half, and was elected County Superintendent of Schools, and was appointed 
 Postmaster at Monticello June 7, 1866, and was re-appointed to the same position and 
 has served since then ; he has also held town and school offices. He owns a good farm, 
 well improved, adjoining the city limits. Capt. and Mrs. Davidson have five children 
 — James Y., Charles, Lucy L., Henry S. and Orlando. 
 
 D. S. DEWEY, retired, Monticello; is a native of New York State, and 
 was born Aug. 19, 1809. He grew up to manhood, and, when 21 years of age, was 
 united in marriage to Miss Adeline S. Lincoln, of Utica, N. Y., Oct. 20, 1830. In 
 the spring of 1834, came west to Chicago, when that city was in its infancy, there 
 being only three hundred and fifty persons there and only five stores, and all the streets 
 were as green as the prairie ; Mr. Dewey had the first turning-lathe that was brought 
 there, and made the first chairs and bedstead that was ever made in Chicago ; he saw 
 the first vessel that entered the harbor; it was the schooner Illinois, sailed by Capt. 
 Pickering ; there are few persons now living that have so clear a recollection of Chicago 
 in its early infancy as Mr. Dewey ; at that time, there was not a house in Elgin, only 
 two houses in Aurora and only three wigwams in Belvidere, and not a house in Rock- 
 ford ; in the fall of 1840, Mr. Dewey removed up the lake shore to Waukegan, and 
 lived there until 1853, when he came to Iowa and located in Jones Co. ; he built the 
 first saw-mill in this section of the country, and built the first dam and afterward erected 
 flouring-mills ; he was actively engaged in business here for many years, but disposed of 
 his mills about ten years ago. Mr. and Mrs. Dewey have five children — one son, 
 Charles, engaged in the drug business, firm of Wright & Dewey, Monticello, and four 
 daughters. 
 
 EXilSHA DODCptE, retired farmer, Monticello; is a native of New York 
 State, and was born in Westchester, now New York City, Dec. 12, 1817; his parents 
 removed to Vermont when he was 3 years of age, and he grew up to manhood in 
 Lamoille Co., Vt. While living there, on the 1st of January, 1840, he was united in 
 marriage to Miss Harriet N. Clark, a native of Lamoille Co., Vt. In 1851, they emi- 
 grated to Iowa and located in Jones Co., in Cass Township; they had enough to dis- 
 courage them in starting in their new home ; Mrs. Dodge was very sick, and for four- 
 teen days Mr. Dodge dressed her arm every fifteen minutes, both night and day ; Col. 
 W. T. Shaw boarded with them, and in him they found a generous friend who helped 
 them in starting, and whose kindness has never been forgotten by them. Mr. Dodge 
 engaged in farming ; he has seen the time when he could not sell wheat fur 25 cents 
 a bushel for cash, and got his pay in groceries ; could only get shelf goods ; when they 
 arrived here in this county, they had nothing, and was 3100 in debt in getting here; 
 but they went to work, and, by industry and good management, they have by their own 
 efforts earned a competency. They have one daughter — Almira E., now Mrs. George 
 D. Clouse, living on the old home farm. 
 
 J. W. OOXSEE, attorney at law, Monticello; is a native of Summit Co., 
 Ohio, and was born Jan. 17, 1857 ; when 6 years of age, his parents came to Iowa, and 
 he grew up and received his education in this State, completing his collegiate course at 
 the State Agricultural College, at Ames, in 1877 ; he entered the law oflSce of M. W. 
 Herrick and commenced reading law, and was admitted to the bar in March, 1879, and 
 is preparing to enter the practice of his profession. 
 
 COL. JOH^ O. DUER, of the firm of John O. Duer & Co., dealers in 
 dry goods, carpets, hats and caps, furs and groceries, corner of First and Cedar streets, 
 
 T 
 
666 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Monticello ; is a native of Maryland, and was born Feb. 12. 18.38 ; he grew up to man- 
 hood there, and, in 18G0, came to Galena, III. Unpon the breaking-out of the rebel- 
 lion, he entered the army, enlisting Sept. 3, 1861, in the -ISth 111. V. I., and was com- 
 missioned Second Lieutenant of Co. D ; he participated in thirteen general engage- 
 ments, besides many fights and skirmishes ; he was promoted to First Lieutenant, then 
 to Capcain, and commanded the company ; he was afterward promoted to Major, then 
 to Lieutenant Colonel, and was commissioned Colonel of the 45th 111. Y. I., and com- 
 manded the regiment; he was brevetted Brigadier General ; he was in the service about 
 four years, until the close of the war, when he I'eturned to Galena. In 1867, he came 
 to Jones Co., and located at Monticello ; since then, he has been engaged in mercantile 
 business here ; he is doing an extensive business, and has built up the largest trade of 
 any merchant in Jones Co.; in 1878, he built the large, commodious store he now occu- 
 pies. He held the position of cashier of the Monticello National Bank for two years. 
 He has held offices of City Treasurer, City Councilman, and school offices. In January, 
 1868, he was united in marriage to Miss Jennie Wonderly, from Galena, 111.; they have 
 four children — Bessie E , John 0., Lee VV. and Eugene V. 
 
 F. ^'>. OUGtAR, dealer in lumber, shingles, sash, doors and blinds, Monticello "^^ 
 is a native of Vermont, and was born April 23, 1854; his parents emigrated to Wis- 
 consin the following year, and he was brought up and received education in that State; 
 in 1877, he went to Kansas and was engaged in the mercantile business for two years^ 
 the firm being Dugar & Carnes; in 1879, Mr. Dugar cames to Jones Co., and located 
 in Monticello and established his present business, and is building up a good trade. 
 
 FRED. S. DUIVH All, of the firm of Dunham & Luchhardt, wholesale and 
 retail dealers in hardware, iron and tinners' stock, Monticello; is a native of Hartford, 
 Conn., and was born Dec. 1 9, 1832 ; his parents removed to Pennsylvania in 1833, and, in 
 1844:, they came west to Iowa, and located in Jackson Co., at Maquoketa; Fred grew 
 up to manhood and received his education there; he was engaged in mercantile busi- 
 ness at Maquoketa with Hon. P. Mitchell, and, afterward, with Mr. IMcCloy, the firm 
 being McCloy & Dunham ; upon the breaking-out of the rebellion, he enlisted in the 
 2d I. V. C, and was mustered into the service July 24, 1861, nnd he was commissioned 
 Lieutenant Co. L; among the battles which he participated in, was Corinth, luka, 
 battle nf Franklin, and many others ; he had two horses shot under him ; he was pro- 
 moted to Captain and commanded Co. L ; remained in the service three and a half 
 years. After his return, he came to Monticello and established his present bu.siuess, 
 and has built up a large and extensive trade. In 1857, he was united in marriage to 
 Miss Ph(cbe jMcCloy, daughter of Joseph McCloy. Es((., of Maquoketa, one of the 
 earliest settlers of Iowa ; they have three children — Carrie, now Mrs. Mark W. Dun- 
 ham, of Du Paije Co., 111.; Nellie and Imogene, at home. 
 
 GERHARD FILERS, farmer, Sec. 33; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in 
 Oldenburg, Germany, in 1837; he is the son of Anton and Talke Eilers, who came to 
 this country in 185(3, and settled in Lee Co., 111., but removed to Jones Co. in 1856. 
 Mr. Eilers was married to Margaret Jacobs, also born in Germany ; they have four 
 children — Anton, Henry, William and Paul. Mr. Eilers has 730 acres of land, 
 including a farm in Scotch Grove Township ; he is engaged extensively in dairying and 
 stock-raising ; he makes a specialty of Clydesdale horses and Shetland ponies ; has a 
 large number of the former and several fine specimens of the latter. 
 
 RENK EIIiERS, farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Monticello; was born in Olden- 
 burg. Germany, in 1844; he is the .son of Anton and Talke Eilers, who came to this 
 country in 1850 ; they lived in Lee Co., III., six years, and came to Jones Co. in 1856 ; 
 his fiither settled near Monticello, where he still resides. Mr. Eilers was married to 
 Maria Harms, daughter of A. B. Harms, of Cass Tuwnship ; they have five children — 
 B. A., Maria M., llenk E., Gehard and Alvin. Settled on his present farm which 
 contains 175 acres, in March, 1866. 
 
 ABRAHAIfl ERI>i\ESER, of the firm of Erdneser Bros., manufactur- 
 ers and dealers of furniture, Monticello ; is a native of Switzerland ; he grew up to 
 manhood there, and emigrated to this country and came to Jones Co. and located in 
 
MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 667 
 
 Monticello, and is associated with liis brother in the furniture business. He married 
 Agnes Erdneser, a native of Switzerland, and he has three children. Mr. Erdneser 
 owns the building where they carry on their business. 
 
 JACOB ERDNESER, of the firm of Erdneser Bros., manufacturers and 
 dealers in furniture, Monticello; is a native of Switzerland, and was born April 7, 
 1842; he grew up to manhood and learned his trade there; he emigrated to America 
 in April, 1868, and came to Jones Co. and located in Monticello, and began working at 
 his trade ; he associated with his brother, and has been in furniture business since 
 1871 ; they make some kinds of furniture but buy most of their stock. 
 
 MA J. S. S. FARWELIi, Collector of Internal Revenue, for the 2d Dis- 
 trict of Iowa, Monticello; is a native of Coshocton Co., Ohio, and was born April 26, 
 183-1; he grew up to manhood in that State; he came West to Iowa, and located in 
 Jones Co. in May, 1852, and engaged in farming, opening a farm about three miles 
 north of Monticello ; in 1855, he went to Marion Co., Iowa, and engaged in milling 
 and mercantile business; in 1857, he went to Missouri and remained two years, then 
 returned to Iowa, and, on the 28th of December, 1858, he was united in marriage to 
 Miss 3Ielinda Z. Nesbitt, from Wooster, Ohio, and again engaged in farming. After 
 the breaking-out of the rebellion, in the summer of 1862, he recruited Co. H, 31st I. 
 V. I., and upon its organization he was elected Captain ; he participated in the battles 
 of his regiment, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, Look- 
 out Mountain, Mission Ridge, and others ; May 31, 1865, he was promoted and com- 
 missioned Major ; he was slightly wounded by a shell during the siege of Vicksburg ; 
 he remained in the service three years — until the close of the war, and after his return 
 he was elected to the State Senate and served during the sessions of 1866 and 1868 ; 
 in May, 1869, he received the appointment of Assessor of Internal Revenue for the 
 2d District of Iowa, and held that position until the office was abolished in 1873; in 
 February, 1875, he was appointed to his present position as Collector of Internal Rev- 
 enue for the 2d District of Iowa. Maj. Farwell has been actively identified with the 
 interests of Jones Co.- and the growth of Monticello; he was active in securing the 
 Davenport & St. Paul R. R., now the Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., through Monti 
 cello; in 1874, he was elected President of the Jones Co. Agricutural and 
 Mechanical Association, and advanced the money individually to erect the large com- 
 modious hall and buildings ; he is one of the Directors of the Monticello banks ; owns 
 a good farm near town. Maj. and Mrs. Farwell have five children — Mary E., Luna, 
 Marcus, Zelma and Sewell S. 
 
 HE:NRY B. FAWCETT, n. D. (deceased), physician and surgeon ; 
 was a native of Ohio, and was bora in CarroUton, Carroll Co., June 10, 1824 ; he grew 
 up to manhood and received his education in that State ; he studied medicine, his pre- 
 ceptor being Dr. Hunter, of Ohio ; Dr. Fawcett graduated at the Cleveland Medical 
 College. In January, 1853, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary A. Jones, from 
 Mount Pleasant, Jefferson Co., Ohio; they came to Iowa in April, 1854, and located 
 in Scott Co., where he engaged in the practice of medicine; he successfully practiced 
 his profession there twenty-two years ; he came to Jones Co. and located in Monticello 
 in 1876; his death occurred the following year, Feb. 25, 1877; he was a kind husband 
 and father, and was devotedly attached to his profession ; he left a wife and three 
 daughters now living — Hattie M., in Monticello; Martha J. and Mary J. 
 
 JOHN E. FIIVKE, attorney at law, of the firm of Wing & Finke; is a 
 native of Carroll Co., 111., and was born at Savanna Aug. 24, 1853 ; he grew up and 
 attended school there and at Aurora, 111., and completed his education at the University 
 of Michigan, graduating in the Law Department, in the spring of 1878 ; in November 
 of the same year, he came to Monticello and associated with Col. J. Q. Wing in the 
 practice of law. 
 
 PROF. LUTHER FOSTER, Superintendent of Schools, Monticello; is a 
 native of Monroe Co., Ind., and was born Oct. 5, 1849. His parents came to Iowa in 
 1850, and located in Wapello Co., near Ottumwa. He grew up to manhood and received his 
 education in this State and engaged in teaching ; he came to Jones Co. in August, 1873, 
 
668 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 located at Monticello and became Principal of the schools, and since then has occupied 
 that position. He was united in marriage to Miss M. Lizzie Curtis, from Independ- 
 ence, Iowa, July 20, 1870 ; they have two children, daughters — Florence and an infant 
 not named. 
 
 J^^JUfJELi li. tir ARDIXKR, merchant tailor, Monticello ; is a native of Ire- 
 land. His parents were neither of them Irish ; they were of Scotch and English descent. 
 Samuel was born Jan. 11,1826; he learned his trade in ^Manchester, Eng., and emigrated 
 to America in boyhood, and lived in Claremont, N. H.; he came to Iowa in December, 
 18l)G and located in Monticello, and since then has carried on his business hei'e. While 
 livin" in Claremont, he was united in marriage to Miss Diantha M. Buckman, from 
 ClaremoQt, N. H., April 19, 1852 ; they had one daughter — Lizzie L., not living. Mr. 
 Gardiner has held the office of Town Clerk ; he has been prominently connected with 
 the Masonic Order for many years ; he was Secretary of the Blue Lodge eleven years, 
 was Secretary of the Chapter foar years, and also of the Commandery four years, and 
 Generali-ssimo of Trinity Commandery, No. 16; he was the only Knight Templar in 
 Jones Co. for many years; he was Knighted in Mount Horeb Commandery, at Concord, 
 N. H., in 1860, and is authority on matters pertaining to the Order. Samuel L. Gard- 
 iner was the first Superintendent of Floral Hall, in Jones County Agricultural Society, 
 and the hall, when first occupied, was fitted up under his personal supervi.■^ion. 
 
 GEOROE W. GARLOCK (deceased); was a native of New York; 
 he was born in the city of Bochestor, and grew up to manhood in that State. He was 
 united in marriage to Miss Frances Whiting, from Newark, N. Y., Aug. 1, 1868 ; they 
 came to Iowa in 1868, and located in Monticello; he engaged in manufacturing gloves 
 and mittens ; he was the first to establish this business here in Jones Co.; he carried on 
 the business until the present year; his death occurred Jan. 27, 1879. He was elected 
 Mayor of Monticello, and held that office at the time of his death ; had served in the 
 City Council. He left a wife and three children now living in Monticello — George H., 
 Cora E. and Minola M. Mr. Garlock was connected with the Ancient Order of United 
 Workmen ; he was a charter member of the Lodge in Monticello, and his death was 
 the first that occurred in that Lodge. 
 
 GEORGE GEORGE, farmer. Sec. 27; P. 0. Monticello; was born in 
 Hereford, England, Sept. 11, 1807. He was married to Mary Jones, also born in 
 Hereford, by whom he had one child ; wife and child died in England. Mr. George 
 learned the trade of a carpenter, in the employ of John Arkwright, of Hampton Court, 
 Herefordshire, Eng., whose house he assisted in building; he came to America in 1842, 
 and settled near Galena, where he lived eight years ; he went to California in 1850, 
 where he worked at his trade and was also engaged in mining; he returned in 1853, 
 and came to Jones Co., where his family had removed during his absence. His present 
 wife was Ann Faragher, born on the Isle of Man; has three children — Sarah A., James 
 and S. H. Mrs. George had two children by a former marriage — Mary aad Margaret 
 Bolt. Has been a large landholder, owning at one time about 1,000 acres, the greater 
 part of which he had divided among his children. 
 
 H. W. GILili, dealer in agricultural implements and fiirm machinery, Monti- 
 cello ; is a native of Springfield, Windsor Co., Vt., and was born Dec. 21, 1818; he 
 grew up to manhood there, and, in the spring of 1850, went around Cape Horn to C^aVi- 
 fornia, and remained there four years and returned, and, in 1854, he came to Iowa and 
 located in Jones Co.; he entered a section of land, one-half of which was for his brother. 
 He engaged in farming, and continued for ten years ; then removed to Monticello and 
 bought seventy-seven acres of land inside the city limits ; he has sold off a part of it, 
 but still owns twenty-four acres. Mr. Gill established his present business in 1869, and, 
 by fair dealing, has built up a large trade. He held the office of Justice of the Peace 
 in Castle Grove ; but, since coming to Monticello, he has refused all offices. He married 
 Miss Damiette Toles, a native of Wethersfield, Vt., Dec. 25, 1853; they have two chil- 
 dren — Maria (now Mrs. W. F. Bingham, of this city), and one son, Frank, in school. 
 
 FRED GRASSMEYER, dealer in hardware and house-furnishing goods, 
 Monticello; is a native of Mecklenburg, Germany, and was born March 21, 1826; he 
 
MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 669 
 
 grew up to manhood there, and came to America in 1850 ; he came to Davenport, Iowa ; 
 in 185Jr, he came to Canton, Jones Co.; in 1859, he located in Monticello and started a 
 tin-shop, there was only one house completed in the new part of the town at that time ; 
 the buildins he now occupies in carrying on his business was the first building that was 
 finished on First street. Mr. Grassmeyer has been engaged in business as long as any 
 merchant in Monticello, and, from the small beginnings he made when he first began, he 
 has by industry and fair dealing built up a large and successful trade. He holds the 
 office of City Councilman, and has held the ofiice of School Director. He is a member 
 of the Masonic Order, and is connected with Burns Lodge. He married Miss Paulina 
 Lorentzen, a native of Germany, April 6, 1851 ; they have two daughters — Matilda and 
 Ida ; they have lost two sons. 
 
 JOHIV ORUiflM, proprietor saloon, Monticello; is a native of Germany, and 
 was born in Kingdom of Hanover Jan. 9, 1851 ; his parents emigrated to America in 
 1858 ; they came to Dixon, HI., and lived eleven years ; then came to Iowa and located 
 in Jones Co. He has been engaged in business here since 1877. He belongs to the 
 I. 0. 0. F. He married Miss Annie Markle, a native of Bohemia, March 9, 1871 ; 
 they have one daughter— Rosa, born Sept. 22, 1874. 
 
 CHARLiEN W. GURNEY% proprietor of the Hesperian Nurseries, Mon- 
 ticello ; is a native of Hampshire Co., Mass., and was born May 13, 1840. His father's 
 farm joined the f;\rm of William Cullen Bryant, and the families were intimately 
 acquainted ; when Charles was 17 years of age, he came West to Iowa and located in 
 Fayette Co. Upon the breaking-out of the rebellion, he enlisted as private May 13, 
 1861, the day he was 21 years old, in the 3d I. V. I., Co. D ; he was promoted through 
 non-commissioned offices, and was commissioned Captain Co. C ; the 2d Iowa and the 
 3d [. V. I., were consolidated, and he commanded Company I, of the 2d I. V. I.; he 
 was afterward promoted and commissioned Lieutenant Colonel of the regiment. He was 
 in many battles, and was with Gen. Sherman in his march to the sea, and through the 
 Carolinas. He was in the service four years and four months. After the war, he 
 returned to Iowa, and, on the 17th of September, 1865, was united in marriage to Miss 
 Eliza Butler, of Decorah, Winneshiek Co., Iowa. In November of the same year, they 
 came to Jones Co. and located in Monticello. In 1871, he was appointed Assistant 
 Assessor of Internal Revenue. He established his nurseries in 1872. He has held 
 the office of Justice of the Peace six years, and has been City Recorder, and has served 
 in the City Council many years. He has recently bought a farm in Dixon Co., Neb., and 
 contemplates engaging in the stock business there. Colonel and Mrs. Gurney have three 
 sons and four daugliters — Henry, DeLoss and Phil Sheridan, Eva, Grace, Lettie and Anna. 
 
 GrEORCirE HAIjVEI^, grain and ice busines.s, Monticello; is a native of 
 Lancaster, Mass., and was born Feb. 3, 1833. His parents lived in Boston until he was 
 12 years of age; they then removed to Cheshire Co., N. H., where he grew up and 
 attended school. After reaching manhood, on the 30th of August, 1854, he was united 
 in marriage to Miss Hannah L. Gilman, a native of Cheshire Co., N. H. They came 
 West to iowa, the same year, and located in Jones Co. Fie engaged in railroading and 
 running a saw-mill, and was on public works several years, and afterward engaged in the 
 grain and ice business. He has lived in this county over a quarter of a century, and is 
 yet a young man. 
 
 S. iw. HARRIS, proprietor Burnet House, Monticello ; is a native of Massa- 
 chusetts, and was born in the city of Boston June 23, 1831. He grew up to manhood 
 there, and, on the 9th of October, 1854, he was united in marriage to Miss Frances T. 
 Green, from Chelsea, Vt. They came West to Illinois in 1858, and located at Port 
 Byron, and lived there until 1868, then removed to Davenport. Mr. Harris has been 
 connected with the boot and shoe trade for thirty years, and most of the time (for 
 twenty years) was on the road selling goods. He has held the office of Justice of the 
 Peace, Town Clerk, Township Assessor and other town and school offices. He came to 
 Monticello and opened the Burnet House in May, 1878. Mr. and Mrs. Harris have four 
 children — Charles G. (living in Davenport), Nathaniel (at home), George (living in 
 Davenport), Malcolm (attending lectures at Rush Medical College, Chicago). 
 
670 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 ROBERT HEXDERSOX, contractor and builder, Monticello ; is a native 
 of Delaware Co., N. Y., and was born June 3U, 1832 ; when 17 years of age, he went 
 to Ohio and learned the trade of carpenter and joiner ; he came to Jackson Co., Iowa, 
 in the spring of 1855 ; remained only a short time and came to Jones Co., and located 
 in Castle Grove, and began working at his trade, and since then has been engaged in 
 contracting and building; he has probably erected more buildings throughout the 
 county, in the different townships, than any builder in Jones Co. He married Miss 
 Polly L. Palmer, a native of Connecticut, March 3, 1861 ; they have four children — 
 Charles, Jennie, Ella and Robert ; they have lost one child — Jessie. 
 
 C. A. HEXRY, dental surgeon, Monticello; is a native of Hampden Co., 
 Mass., and was born within a few miles of Springfield March 31, 1850; his parents 
 came to Iowa when he was only 12 years of age, and located in Delaware Co. ; he grew 
 up and received his education in this State ; he studied dentistry in Monticello, and, 
 since 1876, has successfully practiced his profession in this city ; his parents are still 
 living in Delaware Co. 
 
 ^I, \V. HERRICK, attorney and counselor at law, Monticello ; office, cor- 
 ner First and Cedar streets, over the Monticello Bank; is a native of Fort Wayne, Ind., 
 and was born November 15, 184-4; when 5 years of age. his parents removed to Wis- 
 consin and located near Madison; he studied law in Beaver Dam and Madison, and 
 attended the Albany Law School, and graduated from that institution in the spring of 
 1867 ; the following year, he came to Jones Co., Iowa, and located at Monticello, and 
 since then he has successfully practiced his profession here. He was united in marriage 
 to Miss Mar}! C. Chamberlain, from New York, Sept. 13, 1870 ; they have two chil- 
 dren — Mabel Grace and Franci.s Marion. 
 
 FRANCIS M. HI€KI$, farmer. Sec. 1; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie; was born 
 in Rensselaer Co., N. Y., in 1822 ; his fither, George Hicks, was also a native of the 
 State of New York ; the latter part of his life, he was a resident of Wayne Co., in that 
 State. Mr. Hicks was married, in 1S47, to Miss Frances Little, daughter of Ebenezer 
 and Abby Little; she was born in February, 1829; they came to Bowen's Prairie in 
 November, 1848. Mr. Hicks bought his present farm in the spring of 1851, where he 
 has since resided. Has had ten children, nine of whom are living — Frank, married Vina 
 Weller, of Wayne Co., N. Y.; Ophelia, now Mrs. Fred. Penniman ; Harry, married 
 Miss Mettie Palmer; Eben G., Elmer E., Grant, Ernest H., Lollie A. and Archie G. 
 Mr. Hicks has 430 acres in the farm where he lives; a form of 130 acres in Sec. 10, 
 and eighty acres of timber ; his farm is finely located ; his improvements among the best 
 in the township ; is engaged in dairying and stock-raising. He went overland to Cali- 
 fornia in 1850 ; returned in 1851. He was elected SheriflF in the fall of 1851 ; served 
 two years. 
 
 JAMES N. HICKS, farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in Rens- 
 selaer Co., N. Y., in 1824 ; he is a brother of Francis M. Hicks ; he went to California 
 via the Isthmus of Panama in the winter of 1849-50, where he remained till 1858, 
 engaged in mining, when he returned to the State of New York. He was married in 
 the fall of that year to Maria Ashley ; came immediately to Bowen's Prairie and settled 
 on his present farm; he has 180 acres of land ; has three children — Kate, Freddie 
 and George; lost one son — Seward. In May, 1876, Mr. Hicks was thrown from his 
 horse and received injuries that render him an invalid ; although almost totally helpless 
 from the shock which hi.s nervous system received, yet his mind is clear and unimpaired. 
 
 MICHAEL HOP ACRE, farmer. Sec. 16; P.O. Monticello ; was born 
 in Stark Co., Ohio, in June, 1828 ; in 1848, he removed to Paulding Co., in that State. 
 He was married to Rebecca J. Clemmer, born in Defiance Co., Ohio ; they came to 
 Jones Co. the same year, 1854 ; he bought his present farm the same year; he has 320 
 acres; has nine children — Joseph M., Olive C., Frank M., George A., Cornelia E., 
 Philena E., Anna A., Nellie N. and Jessie; lost two children in infancy. 
 
 I>. S. HOSFORD, farmer. Sec. 28; P. 0. Monticello; born in Litch- 
 field Co., Conn., in 1816; his father, Solomon Hosford, removed to Trumbull Co., 
 Ohio, in 1830. Mr. Hosford was married to Paulina Palmer; they came to Jones 
 
MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 671 
 
 do. in 1863, and settled in Castle Grove Township, where they lived two years; thence 
 to Bowen's Prairie, South Fork Township, Delaware Co., where he resided about seven 
 years; settled where he now lives in the spring of 1873. Has five children — Orlando, 
 Alonzo, Cecil, Curtis D. and Florence. Mr. Hosford has 940 acres of land ; he is 
 engaged extensively in stock-raising ; he makes a specialty of the short horn and 
 Holstein breeds of cattle. 
 
 S. R. HOWARD, dealer in stock and grain, Monticello ; is a native of New 
 York State, and was born in Chemung Co. Sept. 17, 1822; he grew up to manhood 
 mostly in Tompkins Co., and lived in that State until 1855. On the 23d of March, 
 1855, he was united in marriage to Miss Martha A. Campbell ; she was born in 
 Cayuga Co., N. Y., but grew up in Montgomery Co.; in the fall of the same year, 
 they came West to Iowa, and arrived in Jones Co. in October, 1855, and located in 
 Clay Township and engaged in farming; in 1863, they removed to Monticello, and Mr. 
 Howard engaged in the stock business, and since then he has been engaged in buying 
 and shipping grain and stock. He has held the ofiice of Assessor in Clay Township for 
 many years, and sine? coming here has served as Town Trustee and as City Council- 
 man. Mr. and Mrs. Howard have three children — one daughter. Mate E., and two 
 sons, George S. and Charles R. They have one of the most pleasant and attractive 
 homes in Jones Co. 
 
 O. W. HUNT, editor of the Jones County Liberal, Monticello ; was for- 
 merly editor and proprietor of the ^Vyoming News, which was established by him Nov. 
 19, 1873; he was also the predecessor of John Blanchard, the present editor of the 
 Monticello Express, and conducted that paper with energy and success. The Liberal, 
 Lis present paper, he established Sept. 19, 1872. Mr. Hunt has had a large experience 
 in the newspaper business. 
 
 GrKORCwE H. JACORS, dealer in fancy groceries, restaurant and confec- 
 tionery, Monticello ; is a native of Niagara Co., N. Y., and was born Sept. 6, 1139 ; he 
 grew up and lived there until coming to Towa, in 1855, and he has lived here in this 
 State over twenty-four years ; he engaged in his present business in September, 1876, 
 and is building up a good trade. He has held the offices of City Recorder and City 
 Collector ; he holds the office of Township Trustee. He married Miss E. J. Babcock, 
 from Chenango Co., N. Y., Sept. 25, 1865 ; they have three children — Spencer, Carrie 
 and Hattie. 
 
 CHRIS JAECirEiR, proprietor of saloon and restaurant, Monticello; is a 
 native of Germany, and was born in the kingdom of Wurtemberg June 19, 1852 ; he 
 emigrated to x\merica and landed in this countr}- June 19, 1871 ; he came to Clayton 
 Co., Iowa, the same year, and lived in Elkader and vicinity until the present year. On 
 the 19th of June, 1879, he married Miss Katie Kamer, from Elkader, Clayton Co., Iowa ; 
 she is a native of Vienna, Austria ; they came to Monticello during the present year. 
 Mr. Jaeger is a member of I. 0. 0. F., and belongs to Elkader Lodge, No. 304. 
 
 PLATT JENNING^S, dealer in boots and shoes, Monticello ; is a native 
 of Knox Co., Ohio, and was born Sept. 22, 1825 ; he grew up and learned the boot and 
 shoe trade. After reaching manhood, he married Miss Rachel A. Harris, from Knox 
 Co., Ohio, Oct. 7, 1845 ; they came to Iowa in February, 1853, and located in Jones 
 Co. and entered land in Clay Township, and he engaged in farming and shoemaking. 
 He remained there nine years, and came to Monticello May 18, 1863; since then he 
 lias been engaged in business here, and is the oldest in the trade here except George 
 Stuhler, and has lived in Jones Co. over twenty-six years ; he has held town offices. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Jennings have four children — Elizabeth (now Mrs. Stoifel, Mechanics- 
 ville. Iowa), Annie (now Mrs. Price, Cedar Rapids), Clarence (married and living in 
 Linn Co.), and Alonzo (married and living in this city). 
 
 WILiljIAM JOSLIN, engineer, Monticello; born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., 
 in 1826 ; his parents removed to New York City when he was a child. He was mar- 
 ried to Sarah J. Anthony, who was born in Milton, N. Y. He removed to Elizabeth, 
 N. J., in 1849 ; they came to Scotch Grove Township, Jones Co., in 1867 ; removed 
 to Monticello in 1868. Mr. Joslin has been engaged in engineering since he was 19 
 
672 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 years of age. He owns a residence on the corner of Walnut and First streets, where 
 he resides ; also owns other property in town. 
 
 S. KAH\, dealer in ready-made clothing and gents' furnishing goods, Monti- 
 cello ; is a native of (xermany and was born March 4, 1834; he grew up to manhood 
 there and came to America in 1854; he came to Chicago in 1856 and was there five 
 years; in 1861, he came to Morrison, Whiteside Co., 111., and was engaged in business 
 there until 1872, when he came to Iowa; in 1874, he came to Jones Co. and located at 
 Monticello and established his present business ; he carries an extensive stock of goods 
 and by fair dealing has built up a large trade. Mr. Kahn was united in marriage to 
 Miss Dora Goldman, a native of Germany, Dec. 11, 1877 ; they have one son — Charlie, 
 born Sept. 21, 1878. 
 
 THOMAS A. KIXGr, dealer in groceries and provisions, Monticello ; is a 
 native of Franklin Co., Ind., and was born Oct. 8, 1840 ; he grew up there until 15 years 
 of age ; his parents came to Iowa in 1855 and located in Jones Co., a few miles from 
 Monticello. After reaching manhood, he married Miss Mary E. Moore January 15, 
 1861 ; she is a native of Jones Co., and is the second white female child born in Jones 
 Co. In 1864, they went to California and remained about four years; then returned 
 to Jones Co. again. Mr. King has been engaged in the mercantile business for the 
 past four years. They have had six children ; only two sons survive — Charles Arthur, 
 born Oct. 13, 1869, and Thomas, born Nov. 12, 1875. Mr. King has lived in this 
 county about twenty-five years ; he has plowed corn where the business part of Monti- 
 cello now stands. The parents of Mrs. King were among the earliest settlers in Jones 
 Co.; William Moore and Alvira Neal were married in Dubuque Co. in May, 1839 ; they 
 came to Jones Co. in 1838 and settled on Bowen's Prairie; Mary E., now Mrs. King, 
 was born April 12, 1840, and, as mentioned above, is the second white female child born 
 in this county ; Mr. Moore died Jan. 2, 1875 ; her mother, Mrs. Moore, is still living 
 in Castle Grove Township. 
 
 D. S. KINSELLA, buying and shipping grain and produce, Monticello; is 
 a native of Little Hock, iVrk., and was born July 5, 1838 ; his parents came to Iowa 
 and located at Dubuque in 1849 ; he grew up to manhood there and in 1858 he went 
 to Kentucky and attended the Jesuit school at Bardstown for one year, then entered 
 the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, and remained until the year 1860 ; in June, 
 1861, he came to Delaware Co. and the following year came to -Jones Co. and located at 
 Monticello; engaged in the grain business and continued until 1869; then engaged in 
 the mercantile business, the firm being E. B. Kinsella & Bros., and continued until 
 1873 ; he is now engaged in the stock and produce business. In September, 1865. he 
 was united in marriage to Miss Katie T. Holt, who was born in St. John, N. B.; they 
 have four children — Edward W., Mary R., James J. and Harry D. 
 
 ABRA9I D. KLIXE, Sr., farmer. Sec. 30; P. 0. Monticello; born in 
 Shenandoah Co., Va., in 1808 ; his father died before Abram was born. Mr. Kline 
 removed to Western Virginia in 1832. He was married to Ann Newland in 1830. 
 Came to Dubuque Co., Iowa, in 1849, where he resided until 1866 ; he then came to 
 Jones Co. and located at what is now Center Junction, where he lived till 1874, when 
 he removed to Monticello, where he lived three years. Mrs. Kline died Oct. 24, 1876. 
 he purcha.sed his present farm in the winter of 1876, where he located in the spring of 
 1877. He was married in June, 1877, to Mrs. Hannah Batchelder, daughter of Mr. 
 John Batchelder, an early settler of Wayne Township from New Hampshire, 
 Mr. Kline had nine children by his first marriage, six of whom are living — Martha E.; 
 married John Tuel and resides in Kansas; Ann E., married Benjamin Fern, of Dubuque 
 Co.; Nancy C, now Mrs. Arthur Hudson and resides in ^Minnesota; John H., who 
 lives in Decatur Co., Iowa; Jane, now Mrs. H. Putnam and resides in Monticello, and 
 Andrew D., who lives in Kansas. Mr. Kline's farm contains 220 acres. He suffered 
 a severe loss in building and crops by a tornado in October, 1877. His mother mar- 
 ried again after the death of her first husband, but again became a widow ; she accom- 
 panied her son to Iowa and died at his residence at Center Junction in 1866, aged 79 
 years. 
 
MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 673 
 
 JOHIV F. KOOP, dealer in boots and shoes, Monticello ; is a native of 
 Germany and was born in Hanover Nov. 20, 1829 ; he grew up to manhood and 
 learned his trade there and emigrated to America in October, 1853; lived in Cincinnati 
 two years and came to Dubuque in 1855 ; was engaged in business there until he came 
 to Jones Co. and loaated in Monticello Sept. 13, 1870. and since then he has been 
 engaged in business here and has built up a good trade. He married Fredrika Gruben 
 March 27, 1861 ; she was born in Germany and came to America when very young ; 
 they have two children — Frederick W. and Clara. 
 
 GEORCirE W. liAIflMOX, retired, Monticello; was born in Paris, Oneida 
 Co., N. Y., Nov. 17, 1807 ; he grew up to manhood in that State, and came to Iowa 
 by wagon in 1849, and located in Jackson Co.; lived there until coming to Jones Co., 
 and located in Monticello ; he was engaged in mercantile business for some years, and 
 has lived in this State over thirty years, and owns property in Monticello. He married 
 Miss Eliza Eddy, a native of Maine, Oct. 27, 1831 ; they have eight children, and have 
 lost two — George I., Martin V., Fidelia, Josham M., Squire S., John T., William L., 
 Mary. 
 
 H. Gr. Ji AICHHARDT, of the firm of Dunham & Leichhart, wholsesale and 
 retail dealers in hardware, iron and tinners' stock, Monticello ; is a native of Christian 
 Co., Ky., and was born Jan. 13, 1853 ; he attended school there until 16 years of age ; 
 he went to Europe, and entered college in Germany and remained six years, and gradu- 
 ated in 1869 ; he returned to America and lived in his native State until 1877, when he 
 came to Jones Co., and located in Monticello on the 1st of January, 1879 ; he associated 
 with Mr. Dunham in the hardware business; they carry a large stock and do a large 
 and leading trade. In November, 1878, Mr. Laichhardt was united in marriage to Miss 
 L. S. Davidson, of Hopkinsville, Ky. 
 
 ALEXANDER liE WIS, farmer. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born 
 at Covington, Ky., in 1810; in the spring of 1851, he came to Marion, Linn Co., 
 Iowa; he came to Richland, Jones Co., in June, 1855, and engaged to work for Mr. 
 Alfred Brazelton till he became of age; at the breaking-out of the rebellion, he enlisted 
 in the 31st I. V. I., and served till the close of the war; he participated in no less than 
 twenty-eight engagements, including the battles of Yazoo, Arkansas Post, siege of Vicks- 
 burg, Lookout Mountain and Ringgold ; was in Sherman's march to the sea ; was dis- 
 charged June 27, 1865. He went to Nebraska in 1872, and made him a farm in York 
 Co., which he exchanged for his present farm in the flill of 1874. He married Ella 
 Brazelton, daughter of William Brazelton ; have four children — George A., Albert S., 
 Frederick A. and Ernest J. ; lost oldest child, William Franklin, in Nebraska. 
 
 I. M. lilNIVELIj, contractor and builder, Monticello; is a native of Jefferson 
 Co., New York, and was born in Watertown Aug. 1, 1836 ; his parents came to Illinois 
 when he was 14 years of age, and he grew up to manhood in that State, and learned the 
 trade of carpenter and joiner in Chicago; in the fall of 1861, he came to Iowa and 
 located at Monticello ; at that time there were only a few houses here ; since then he 
 has been contracting and building, and has erected many of the best buildings in the 
 city ; he has been engaged in building here longer than any other builder. Mr. Linnell 
 was united in marriage to Miss Eunice Starks, a native of Clinton Co., N. Y., Feb. 22, 
 1859 ; they have one daughter — Jennie I. Mr. Linnell is connected with the Masonic 
 Order, and is a member of Burns Lodge. 
 
 J. B. JLITCHFIEL.D, dentist, Monticello; is a native of Richmond, Va.; 
 was born June 8, 1853 ; he grew up and attended school there until 16 years of age, 
 when he came to Chicago and studied dentistry; lived there six years; in 1875, he 
 came to Dubuque, and in April, 1879, he came to Monticello and engaged in the prac- 
 tice of dentistry. 
 
 JOHiV liOREWTZEX, dealer in groceries, butter and cheese, Monticello; 
 is a native of Germany and was born in Bredstedt Schleswig, in 1837 ; he emigrated to 
 America in 1850 ; he came to Iowa and located in Monticello, and engaged in the 
 crockery business ; he afterward engaged in the grocery trade, and buying produce ; he 
 has been extensively engaged in buying and shipping butter and cheese, and, by fair 
 
674 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 dealins, has built up a good trade. He married Miss Tillie Paulsen, a native of Mel- 
 dgrf Holstein, Germany, June 28, 1868 ; they have four children — Victor, Charlie, 
 George and Marie. 
 
 H. C LOVKL ACE, blacksmith, Monticello ; is a native of Iowa, and was 
 born in Dubuque Co., July 30, 1850 ; he grew up to manhood and learned his trade 
 there; in 187o. he came to Jones Co., and located in Monticello, and since then has 
 been engaged in business here, and has built up a good trade. He married Miss M. E. 
 Dando, from Dubuque, March 2G, 1872 ; they have two children — Jennie jMabel and 
 Frankie. 
 
 GEORCwJK W. 1jOVEL<L(, banker and stock-raiser, Monticello; is a native 
 of Windham Co., Vt., and was born Dec. 9, 1818 ; he was educated in the public schools 
 of Vermont, and was well versed in the common English branches, natural science, sur- 
 veying, geometry and the higher mathematics ; in 1835, while in his 17th year, the 
 family came to Kalamazoo, Mich., and engaged in farming ; upon attaining his 20th 
 year, his father died, in 1839, and he was left in charge of the home fiirm in Michigan. 
 He was elected Supervisor of Kalamazoo about 18-44, and held that office for five or six 
 years, and, in 1852, was elected a member of the House of Representatives in that State 
 and was re-elected in 1854, holding the office four years and performing its duties to the 
 entire satisfaction of his constituents; during the same year, 1854, he came West to 
 Iowa, and invested in land in Jones Co., and engaged in stock-raising ; his stock-farm, 
 containing over one thousand acres, only a few miles from Monticello, is one of the 
 finest in the State; while living here, he was elected County Supervisor. In 1870, he 
 moved into Monticello, and engaged in banking. In 1-871, he was elected Mayor of 
 Monticello, and was re-elected in 1872 ; during the same year, he was elected to fill the 
 vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Judge McKean in the State Senate of Iowa, 
 and, in 1873, he was re-elected for the full term of four years. Mr. Lovell owns a large 
 farm in Michigan and has other interests in that State. He is a man of rare correct- 
 ness of judgment in business affairs and is actively identified with the interests of the 
 city and county, and enjoys an enviable reputation wherever he is known. 
 
 JOHjV jflc'CONNON, salesman and manager for William Proctor, general 
 merchant, Monticello ; is a native of Massachusetts, and was born in the city of Boston, 
 April 26, 1826 ; when 7 years of age, he went to Claremont, N. H., and grew up to 
 manhood there ; he came West to Iowa, and arrived in Jones Co. in November, 1854, 
 and located in Castle Grove Township, and engaged in forming ; he continued farming 
 for fifteen years, then removed to Monticello, and since then has been engaged in bus- 
 iness here. Mr. McConnon has held the office of Township Trustee, and has served 
 in the City Council for seven years ; during the war, he was in the army, and served in 
 Co. H, 31.st I. V. I. Soon after coming to Jones Co., Mr. McConnon was united in 
 marriage to Miss Sallie A. Graham, a native of New Hampshire, April 8, 1855 ; they 
 have five children — William G., Anna G., John A., Nellie and Frank G. 
 
 JOHIV mAR^HAI^L, proprietor of saloon, Monticello ; is a native of 
 Germany, and was born Bavaria Dec. 13, 1851 ; emigrated to America in 1863, and 
 came to Iowa and located in Manchester, Delaware Co., and grew up to manhood there; 
 he came to Monticello May 1, 1877, and since then has been engaged in business here. 
 He married Miss Annie Rotes, from Prussia, April 26, 1872; they have one daughter 
 — -Lizzie, born June 12, 1879. 
 
 A. H. IflARVIlV, retired, Monticello; is a native of Columbia Co., N. Y., 
 and was born Feb. 24, 1808; he grew up to manhood in Ontario Co., and, in 1832, 
 removed to Ashtabula Co., Ohio, and lived there until the spring of 1855, when he 
 came to Iowa and located in Jones Co., about two and one-half miles west of Monti- 
 cello, and engaged in farming ; he continued farming and stock-raising for fifteen 
 years, then moved in town, and since then he has resided here. He was a member of 
 the last Constitutional Convention of Iowa, and was prominent in providing for our 
 present educational system ; he has been a member of the School Board ever since the 
 organization of the High School in Monticello ; has been Justice of the Peace, and held 
 other town offices. In October, 1832, he was united in marriage to Miss Ann M. 
 
MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 675 
 
 Rogers, a native of Ashtabula Co., Ohio; they have six children, five sons and one 
 daughter — John A., Andrew J., Richard M., Fred L. and Charles E.; the daughter, 
 Mary, lives at home ; two of the sons live in Iowa, one in Nebraska, one in Wisconsin 
 and one in Ohio. They have had three sons in the army ; Andrew served in the Com- 
 missary Department ; Richard and William enlisted and served in the 31st I. V. I., and 
 William died during the siege of Vicksburg. They have lost two other sons — Lewis 
 and Edgar. Mr. Marvin has been a man of influence wherever he has lived ; he is not 
 aggressive, but is reliable, and is esteemed by all classes as a safe counselor. 
 
 CHARliES E. ifXARVIX, proprietor of the Crescent Creameries, Mon- 
 ticello ; is a native of the State of Ohio, and was born in Ashtabula Co., May 21, 
 1847; his parents came to Iowa and located in Jones County when he was only 8 
 years of age ; he grew up to manhood and received his education here ; iu February, 
 1879, Mr. Marvin established the " Crescent Creamery," and, during the season, he has 
 manufactured, on an average, 500 pounds of butter daily; he has just completed an 
 artesian well at his creamery ; the creamery is entirely supplied from this well of soft 
 water, thereby greatly improving the quality and flavor of the butter ; it is said to be 
 the only creamery in the State supplied with water from an artesian well ; Mr. Mar- 
 vin has enlarged his facilities for manufacturing butter, and, the coming season, will 
 make 1,000 pounds daily; he ships his butter largely to Philadelphia, also to New 
 York and Boston ; the butter from the Crescent Creamery has already an established 
 reputation. Mr. Marvin was united in marriage to Miss Cora S. Moody Oct. 17, 1870; 
 she is a daughter of John Moody, Esq., of Moaticello ; they have three children — 
 Fred, Eva and Mabel. 
 
 F. MERRIIIAN, physician and surgeon. Main street, Monticello ; is a 
 native of Susquehanna Co., Penn., and was born Aug. 1, 1857 ; he grew up to man- 
 hood in Ohio, and received his education in that State ; he began reading medicine ; in 
 1853, he came to Iowa, and settled in Jones Co., and completed his medical studies and 
 graduated in 1860, and since then he has practiced his profession in this county, and is 
 one of the oldest physicians in practice in Monticello. He has held the office of County 
 Surveyor. He married Mi.ss Annie Young, from Ohio, June 13, 1872 ; she came to 
 this State when a small child ; they have one daughter — Ella May. 
 
 J. W. IIERSHON, physician and surgeon, Monticello ; is a native of Lewis 
 Co., Ky., and was born April 13, 1852 ; when 5 years of age, his parents came to Iowa, 
 in 1857, and located in Jones Co.; he grew up to manhood and attended school here, 
 and completed his literary education at Cornell College, Mount Vernon ; he studied 
 medicine and graduated in Cincinnati Medical College in 187-i; he practiced medicine 
 in Carroll Co., 111., at Lanark and Mount Carroll, and came to Jones Co., and located 
 at Monticello in April, 1878, and since then has practiced his profession here. He 
 married Miss Evadna B. Moff"att, from Cherry Grove, Carroll Co., 111., March 5, 187-4; 
 they have three children — Frank, Fred and Grace. 
 
 ALFRED S. MILLER, farmer, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in 
 Marion Co., Ohio, in 1836 ; he is a son of James Miller, and brother of Isaac A. Miller. 
 His father died in June, 1868. Mr. Miller was married to Jane Rolston, whose parents 
 were early settlers of Jones Co.; they have six children. He enlisted in the 17th I. V. I., 
 but was soon after discharged l)y reason of disability. Has 107 acres of land where he 
 lives, also 87 acres in Richland Township. 
 
 ISAAC A. MILLER, flxrmer. Sec. 12; P. 0. Monticello; was born in 
 Ohio in 1840 ; his father, James Miller, removed to Cedar Co., Iowa, in 1844, and to 
 Monticello Township in the spring of 1846, where he died in June, 1868. Mr. Miller 
 was married to Cornelia Mundinger ; they have five children. He enlisted, in 1861, in 
 the 9th I. V. I.; served two years ; was severely wounded at the battle of Pea Ridge ; 
 participated in many other engagements of the war. He has 156 acres of land. 
 
 W. A. MIRICK, homoeopathic physician and surgeon, Monticello ; is a 
 native of Otsego Co., N. Y., and was born Jan. 8, 1853; his parents came to Iowa 
 when he was only 5 years of age, in 1857, and located in Joaes Co.; he grew up and 
 attended school here, and entered Cornell College at Mount Vernon, where he 
 
676 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 completed his literary education. He studied medicine, and graduated at Hahnemann 
 Medical Colletre, Chicago, in the winter of 1876 and 1877, and since then he has suc- 
 cessfully practiced his profession here. 
 
 A. J. 3IOXKOE, attorney at law, Monticello ; is a native of Williamstown, 
 Berkshire Co., Mass., and was born Oct. 7, 180G; when 11 years of age, his parents 
 removed to Cayuga Co., N. Y., and he grew up to manhood and lived there until 1842, 
 then removed to Pennsylvania ; he studied law in New York and Pennsylvania, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1843, nearly forty years ago. He was the first Representa- 
 tive of the old Whig party elected to the State Legislature from the Wilmot District, 
 in 1849 ; the following year, he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney from that district ; 
 he practiced law in Pennsylvania until Augu-t, 1859, when he came to Jones Co., and 
 since then has practiced here ; he held the office of AssistantAssessor of Internal Rev- 
 enue, and holds the office of Justice of the Peace ; he is the oldest attorney in practice 
 in Monticello. In 1843, he was united in marriage to Adelia Wood, from Putnam Co., 
 N. Y.; they have five children — Augustus, Clarence, Herman, William and Edward, 
 and has one son — Eugene, by a former wife ; he had three sons that served in the 
 army — Eusene, Clarence and Augustus. 
 
 JOHX HOOD Y, senior member of the firm of J. Moody & Sons, proprietors 
 of the Red Star Creameries and dealers in fine creamery and dairy butter, Monticello; is a 
 native of Yorkshire, Eng., and was born Dec. 24, 1821 ; when 14 years of age, he came to 
 America; he came to Illinois and grew up to manhood there; in 1863, he came to 
 Iowa and located in Delaware Co.; in 1868, he came to Jones Co. and engaged in buy- 
 ing and shipping butter and eggs ; in the winter of 1878, he established the Red Star 
 Creameries ; his butter has an established reputation and is shipped to Eastern markets; 
 during last year, he paid out for butter and eggs, at his place of business, S63,000. In 
 1844, Mr. Moody was united in marriage to Miss Mary J. Adams, from Illinois; they 
 have four sons and six dausrhters. 
 
 JOSEPH S. M001>Y% of the firm of Moody Bros., dealers in dry-goods, 
 notions and millinery, corner First and Cedar streets, Monticello; is a native of Illinois and 
 was born in Cook Co. April 23, 1853 ; he grew up and attended school there, and came to 
 Jones Co. and located in Monticello in 1872 ; he was in the post office for a time, and 
 afterward entered the bank as book-keeper; in April, 1877, he associated with his 
 brother and engaged in their present business ; they are the only exclusive dry-goods 
 house in Monticello, and are building up a large trade. In 1878, he was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Julia Carpenter, daughter of Capt. M. L. Carpenter, President of the 
 Monticello Bank. 
 
 THOMAS A. .IIOOOY, of the firm of Moody Bros., dealers in dry 
 goods, notions and millinery, Monticello; is a native of Cook County, 111., and was 
 born August 10, 1847; he grew up to manhood in Illinois; became to Iowa and 
 located in Monticello, and, in April, 1877 he associated with his brother in their present 
 business. 
 
 M. M. IHOUIiTOX, Monticello; is a native of Sandwich, Carroll Co., N. H.; was 
 born Jan. 12, 1832 ; he grew up to manhood and received his education in that State; after 
 reaching manhood, he came West to Dixon, 111., and remained two years, and, in 1856, 
 he came to Iowa and located in Jones Co.; the following spring he came to Monticello. 
 On Dec. 10, 1858, he was united in marriage to Miss Amelia McDonald, from Peter- 
 boro. Province of Ontario ; she came to Iowa in 1856. Mr. Moulton engaged in 
 the insurance business; he was appointed United States Commissioner in 1867, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1869; he was elected Mayor in 1869, and was re-elected in 
 1870, without opposition ; since 1858, when the new school law was adopted, he has 
 been connected continuously with the School Board over twenty-one years ; he was the 
 first Secretary of the Board, in 1858, and has also served as President of the Board; 
 very few men have been so closely identified with the educational interests of the city ; 
 he holds the office of City Marshal, and is serving his fourth term. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Moulton have six children, three sons and three daughters — Frank R., Amelia C, Mary 
 E., George M., Montgomery M. and Jessie W. 
 
MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 677 
 
 ALBEIRT XULIj, proprietor of saloon, Monticello ; is a native of Germany, 
 and was born June 7, 1848 ; he came to America in 1857, when 9 years of age; he 
 came to Iowa in 1863, and since then has lived in Jones Co.; he engaged in his present 
 business in 1876. He married Miss Kate Wilson, from Philadelphia, in 1869 ; they 
 have three children — Emma, Johnnie and Albert. 
 
 REV. P. J. O'COXBfOR, Pastor of the Church of the Sacred Heart, 
 Monticello; is a native of Eaton, Preble Co., Ohio, and was born June 2, 1854; he 
 grew up and attended school in that State, and completed his education at the Semi- 
 nary of Our Lady of Angels, at Niagara; he was Assistant Pastor of St. Mary's 
 Church, at Clinton ; he came to Monticello Dec. 14, 1878, and since then has been 
 Pastor of the Church here. 
 
 BERNARD D. PAIXE, Mayor of Monticello, and member of the firm 
 of Palmer & Paine, dealers in hardware, stoves and house-furnishing goods, Monticello; 
 is a native of Herkimer Co., N. Y., and was born April 21, 1839; he grew up to 
 manhood and lived there until 1869, when he came to Iowa and located in Delaware 
 Co. and engaged in farming; he came to Jones Co. in 1876, and located in Monticello, 
 and associated with Mr. L. Palmer in the hardware trade. He holds the ofiice of 
 Mayor of the city; was elected in March, 1879 ; he has also served in the City Coun- 
 cil. Upon the breaking-out of the rebellion, he enlisted Oct. 8, 1861, in the 1st N. 
 Y. Light x\rtillery, and served three years ; he was in the battle of Fair Oaks, and in 
 the seven days' fight, siege of Suffolk and the battle of Yorktown. He was united in 
 marriage to Miss Lucy Stanring, a native of Herkimer Co., N. 1^., Sept. 20, 1865 ; 
 they have had two sons, only one of whom is living — Fillmore Ellsworth, born Aug. 
 17, 1873, died Feb. 26, 1878; Howard, born July 4, 1874. 
 
 IjEMAN PALHER, of the firm of Palmer & Paine, dealers in hardware 
 and house-furnishing goods, Monticello ; is a native of Canaan, Litchfield Co., Conn., 
 and was born Dec. 8, 1816; when 11 years of age his parents removed to Trumbull 
 Co., Ohio . he grew up and lived there until 1862, when he came to Iowa and located 
 in Jones Co., and engaged in farmiug and dairying for four years ; then engaged in 
 business inoAnamosa for three years, when he came to Monticello, and since then he 
 has been successfully engaged in business here and has built up a large trade. Mr. 
 Palmer has held the offices of County Supervisor, City Treasurer and City Alderman. 
 Mr. Palmer married Miss Priscilla Faunce, from North Carver, Mass. 
 
 THOMAS J. PEAK, Monticello ; one of the oldest settlers in this section 
 of Jones Co.; is a native of Cheshire Co., N. H., and was born Sept. 9, 1813; when 
 7 years of age, he went to Vermont and grew up to manhood in that State ; coming 
 West at an early age, he settled in Illinois, where he remained until 1837, when he 
 came to Iowa with B. Beardsley ; they located claims in what is now Castle Grove 
 Township ; they returned to Illinois for the winter, and in the following April they 
 returned and took permmeut possession of their claims. On Christmas Day, 1839, Mr. 
 Peak was united in marriage to Miss Rebecca M. Beardsley, a native of Delaware Co., 
 N. Y., and the daughter of 13. Beardsley ; they were the firstcouple married in Jones 
 Co.; a marriage license was not as easily procured then as it is now ; Mr. Peak had to 
 go to Sugar Grove, Cedar Co., sixty-five miles, taking him four days to procure his 
 license, but he felt well paid for his trouble ; they lived on the farm until the spring of 
 1864, then came to Monticello and engaged in mercantile business and buying stock 
 and grain for a few years ; after being in the lumber business a short time, he engaged 
 in the grocery trade ; since coming to Monticello, he has visited at one time and another 
 nearly every county in Iowa ; the result of his travels were presented at the time to 
 the readers of the Monticello Express in several well-written and interesting letters. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Peak have had five children— Francis, Maria A., now Mrs. Rosa, living 
 in Chicago ; Rosalia E. and Andrew J.; they lost their oldest son— William W.; when 
 the war broke out, he enlisted in 1861, in the 4th I. V. C; after being in the service 
 about one year he came home, on account of sickness ; he remained an mvalid for 
 three years and died of consumption in June, 1865, aged 26 years. There are only 
 two others now living in this part of the county who have been here as long as Mr. 
 
678 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Peak ; he has carried dressed pork to Dubuque and sold it for SI per hundred, and 
 wheat for 37^ cents per bushel ; there were plenty of Indians here when he first came, 
 and he used to talk the Indian language ; there are few men of his age as active as he 
 is who have been through the hardships of pioneer life. 
 
 ff. ^, PIERCK, of the firm of H. D. Sherman & Co., proprietors of the 
 Diamond Creameries, Monticello ; is a native of Tioga Co., N. Y., and was born Dec. 
 24, 1837 ; his parents removed to Ohio when he was very young, where he lived until 
 15 years of ase, then came to Michigan ; in 1859, he came to Iowa and located in 
 Black Hawk Co. and lived there eight years, and, in 1867, he came to Jones Co. and 
 located at Monticello in 1874; he associated with Mr. H. D. Sherman in 187-1, and 
 since then they have carried on the butter and creamery business ; the Diamond Cream- 
 eries have an enviable reputation and took the first prize against all competitors, at the 
 International Dairy Fair. Mr. Pierce was in the army during the war ; he enlisted in 
 the 31st I. V. I., Co. C ; he was in the service three years. He married Miss Kate 
 C. Smith, from Albany Co., N. Y., Jan. 25, 1859 ; they have four children — Joseph 
 A., Eugene H., George L. and Eva L. 
 
 V. Cjr. POOHASKI, manufacturer of harness, Monticello ; was born in 
 Austria June 20, 1844; he grew up there until 17 years of age, and emigrated to 
 America in 1861 ; he came to Iowa and located in Cedar Rapids, and learned his trade 
 of harness-maker there ; lived there eight years, and came to Jones Co. and located in 
 Monticello July 6, 1869, and engaged in manufacturing harness, and he has built up a 
 successful business ; he only had very little when he began business ; he now owns two 
 houses and lots, and he built the store he now occupies in carrying on his business, 
 during the present year — 1879; his success is owing to his industry and good man- 
 agement. He belongs to the Order of Workmen. He married Mi.ss Annie Simberski. 
 a native of Austria, July 22, 1868; they have four children — Frank, Joe, Willie and 
 Eddie. 
 
 F, REICHKXBACH, dealer in boots and shoes, Monticello ; is a native 
 of Switzerland, and was born July 8, 1843; his father emigrated to this country in 
 1851, and came to Iowa, and, five years later, he followed him, and came to this State, 
 and arrived in Dubuque June 21, 1857; he came to Jones Co. the same year, and 
 grew up in Richland Township; in 1865, he came to Monticello, and learned the boot 
 and shoe business ; in March, 1873, he engaged in business for himself, and has con- 
 tinued since then, and has built up a good trade. He married Miss Mary A. Ogden, 
 from Monticello, Oct. 2(1, 1875. 
 
 GILBERT RICE, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Monticello; was born in Onon- 
 daga Co., N. v., in 1806. He was married in Alleghany Co., to Remembrance Jones, 
 born in Cortland Co., N. Y.; they removed to Illinois in 1854; came to Monticello in 
 1855; settled on present farm in 1862; has eight sons and two daughters; the 
 youngest son, Norwin, born in 1852, now residing at the homestead with his father, 
 married Mary Anthony, of Wisconsin ; they have two children — John and Ralph. 
 
 LiUCIAN RICE, farmer. Sec. 12; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie; was born in 
 Worcester Co., Mass., in 1808; he engaged in teaching when a young man. and fol- 
 lowed this occupation as a profession till 44 years of age. He went to Kentucky in 
 1839 ; in 1843, he came to Fort Madison, Iowa, where he was engaged in teaching for 
 four years ; thence to Dubuque, for five years ; he came to his present location in 1852, 
 and engaged in farming. His first wife was Elizabeth Allen, of Worcester, Mass.; she 
 died in 1866. His present wife was Mrs. Hannah Hall, whose maiden name was Sax- 
 gent, born in New Hampshire. Mr. Rice has four children by his first marriage — 
 Mary E. A. Averill, Kate Conditt, George F. and Charles C. ; has two daughters by 
 his second marriage — Carrie E. and Josephine C. Has 152 acres of land. He and 
 wife are Methodists. 
 
 DAVID ROLSTON, farmer. Sec. 14; P. 0. Monticello; born in Rock- 
 ingham Co., Va., Dec. 18, 1814; he went to Montgomery Co., Ohio, in 1835. He 
 married in 1837 to Phebe Climmer, who was born in Montgomery Co.; in January, 1838, 
 they removed to Kosciusko Co., Ind., where they lived fifteen years ; came to Jones 
 
MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 679 
 
 Co. in the fall of 1853, and settled on the farm now owned by Mr. Hofacre, of Mon- 
 ticello Township ; also bought and improved the farm now owned by Elias Smith ; set- 
 tled on present farm in 1865. Have seven children — Martha J., David, John, Ellen, 
 Julia A., Mary A. V. and William ; lost three children — Jacob (enlisted in the 17th 
 I. V. I., and was killed at battle of Mission Ridge) ; lost two daughters, Eliza J. and 
 Sarah. Mr. and Mrs. Rolston belong to the United Brethren Church. 
 
 JONATHAN B. RO.S^, farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. Monticello ; was born 
 in Herkimer Co., N. Y., Dec. 27, 1811 ; in the spring of 18.^5, he came to Jones Co. 
 and settled on the form now owned by Mr. John Huntoon, of Richland Township ; 
 afterward built the house where Mr. Joseph Hickman now lives, and which he con- 
 ducted as a hotel for four or five years ; settled where he now lives in the spring of 
 1867; was fur many years engaged in the dairying and cheese business. His wife was 
 Elizabeth A. Kinney, of Herkimer Co.; she died in July, 186-4; Mr. Ross has twelve 
 children — five sons and seven daughters. 
 
 ISAAC RUSSELL/, physician and surgeon, Monticello; is a native of 
 Scotland and was born Oct. 8, 18'23, about six miles north of the Roman Wall, built by 
 the Romans, between the Frith of Forth and the Frith of Clyde ; he received his aca- 
 demic education at the Perth Academy, and his collegiate education at the Edinburgh 
 University ; he was very fond of study and graduated with the first honors of his 
 class; he studied medicine there and graduated in 1843; immediately thereafter, he 
 was appointed House Surgeon of the Royal Infirmary, and filled that position for six 
 years ; he held the position of Staff Surgeon for Gen. Bem during the Hungarian war ; 
 in 1851, he came to America in company with Gen. Bem and Louis Kossuth, return- 
 ing to Scotland the same year; in 1853, he again returned to America and located in 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., less than one year; he also lived in Buffalo, Chicago and Rockford, 
 and in June, 1855, came to Iowa and located in Dubuque; in 1857, he located near 
 Independence, in Buchanan Co.; in 1860, he came to Jones Co. and located at Monti- 
 cello, and since then has successfully practiced his profession here. In 1860, Dr. Rus- 
 sell was united in marriage to Miss Agnes Hay, a native of Scotland. When Dr. 
 Russell first came to Iowa there was but one regular pharmacist in the whole State, 
 and he was in the employ of Timothy Mason, of Dubuque. 
 
 ROBERT A. RYNERSON, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie ; 
 was born in Mercer Co., Ky., in 1823 ; his father, Jacob Rynerson, removed from Ken- 
 tucky to Indiana in 1332; Mr. Rynerson went to Grant Co., Wis., April, 1845; in 
 August of that year, he came to Richland Township, Jones Co., and entered a tract of 
 land on Sec. 4, where he established a nursery ; this was one of the finest nurseries in 
 the State, and the first one north of Davenport. In 1849, he removed his nursery to 
 his present location, which he had purchased in the fall of 1847 ; he has always been 
 deeply interested in fruit culture, and has contributed his full share, both in theory and 
 practice, toward making fruit-growing in this part of the State a success. He was 
 married in 1853 to Rachel J. McVay, a native of Ohio and of Quaker parentage ; they 
 have seven children — Thomas J., Frances A., Laura C., Cassius Clay, Mary I., Edith 
 A. and Luella ; lost four children in infancy. Mr. Rynerson has 360 acres of land ; is 
 engaged in farming and stock-raising. 
 
 S. E, SARLES, of the firm of S. E. Sarles & Co., dealers in lumber, shin- 
 gles, sash, doors and blinds, Monticello; is a native of Dutchess Co!, N. Y., and was 
 born Nov. 18, 1839 ; he came West at an early age, to Wiscon.-in, and grew up to man- 
 hood in that State ; he came to Jones Co. and located in Monticello in the spring of 
 1877, and engaged in the lumber business and is building up a good trade; he has 
 been connected with the lumber business since 1856. During the war, he enlisted and 
 served in the 46th 111. V. I. He holds the office of City Councilman. He mar- 
 ried Mi.ss Sarah Patterson, from Xeccdah, Wis., Nov. 1, 1877; they have one son — 
 Fred P. 
 
 H. SCHIPMAX, merchant tailor, Monticello , is a native 'of Germany and 
 was born Nov. 6, 1852 ; when 15 years of age he emigrated to America, in 1867 ; he 
 came West to Wisconsin and grew up to manhood and learned the business of merchant 
 
680 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 tailor; he came to Jones Co. and located in Monticello May 17, 1878, and engaged in 
 his present business and built up a good trade. In December, 1877, he married Miss 
 Mary Minkner, from Wisconsin. 
 
 H. D. I§>I1KRMAX, of the firm of H. D. Sherman & Co., proprietors of 
 the Diamond Creameries, Monticello; is a native of Litchfield Co., Conn., and was born 
 Oct. 8. 1824; he grew up to manhood and received his education in that State, 
 completing it at the State Normal School ; he then engaged in teaching, and taught 
 seven years in Connecticut, and also taught in New Jersey, Ohio and Illinois; he came to 
 Jones Co., in 1859, and taught school in Anamosa for two years, and, in 1861, he came 
 to Monticello and engaged in teaching for some years ; he was elected Superintendent 
 of Schools for Jones Co., and held that ofiice for two years ; in 1863, he engaged in buy- 
 ing and shipping butter and eggs, and for three years, while teaching, he handled, 
 mornings, evenings, and Saturdays, all the butter and eggs that came to Monticello ; he 
 established his first creamery four years ago, and he now operates three creameries 
 receiving 27,000 pounds of milk and making 1,100 pounds of butter daily. The butter 
 made at his Diamond Creamery received the first premium at the international fair 
 against all competitors from the IJnited States, Canada and Great Britain. H. D. Sherman 
 was united in raarriasre, April 6, 1863, to Miss Sarah Sechrist, a native of Indiana ; she is a 
 daughter of Joseph A. Sechrist, one of the early settlers of Jones Co. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Sherman have one son and one daughter — Ernest A. and p]dith A. 
 
 JOHN W. SKEI^LY, farmer, stock-raiser and dairyman, Sec. 22; P. 0. 
 Monticello ; is a native of Indianapolis, Ind., and was born in 1828 ; his parents came 
 to Iowa in 1842, and settled in Jones Co.. on the place where he now lives ; they were 
 early settlers here ; there were only two log houses in Monticello at that time ; he grew 
 up to manhood here, and when only 19 years of age, began for himself and began mak- 
 ing a farm, and since then has been engaged in farming and stock-raising; he is now 
 largely engaged in the dairy business, and milks from seventy-five to one hundred cows ; 
 when he begun life, he had but very little, but, by industry and good management, he 
 has been very successful, and now owns 500 acres of good land, well improved, and also 
 owns several houses and lots in Monticello ; he lost several thousand dollars by the tor 
 nado, which occurred in October, 1878; he has held the oflSce of Township Trustee. In 
 1859, he married Miss Cornelia Webster, from St. Joseph Co., Ind. ; they have six 
 children — Elizabeth, John, Lilly, Evalina, Nevada and Ernest. 
 
 JA]«ES SKELLY, farmer. Sec. 22; P. 0. Monticello; is a native of 
 Marion Co., Ind., and was born Feb. 13, 1841 ; his parents came to Iowa when he was 
 very young; they came in 1842, and located in Jones Co., close to Monticello; he grew 
 up to manhood here. When the war broke out, he enlisted, in the fall of 1861, in Co. 
 I, 26th I. V. I ; he was in the battles of Prairie Grove, Vicksburg, Yazoo City, Mobile, 
 and others, besides fights and skirmishes ; he was taken prisoner at Morgan's Bend, Sept. 
 29, 1860, and was held a prisoner for ten months, and was horribly treated and sufi'ered 
 everything, but lived through it and was exchanged July 4, 1864; he was in the ser- 
 vice three and a half years; he returned and engaged in farming, and owns 120 acres 
 of land just outside of the city limits. In 1867, he married Miss Sarah Ely, a native 
 of Pennsylvania ; they have four children — William H., Alva G., James D. and Mattie 
 May ; they have lost one daughter — Nellie May. 
 
 D. SLAI^SOj^, manufacturer of butter-tubs and firkins, Monticello; is a 
 native of Fulton Co.; N. Y., and was born Feb. 20, 1824; he was brought up and 
 learned his trade in New York State ; he came to Iowa in December, 1872, and located 
 in Delaware Co.; he remained there one year ; he returned to Jones Co. and located at 
 Monticello ; and since then has carried on his business here, except eighteen months in 
 the same business at Ottumwa ; he employs from five to fifteen men ; he manufactures 
 butter-tubs of a superior quality, and does the largest business in his line west of Chi- 
 cago, having a capacity to make 500 tubs daily. In 1848, he married Miss Jane H. 
 Darrow, from Oswego Co., N. Y.; they have two sons — Byron J. and Dennis N. 
 
 HENRY i). SMITH, farmer. Sec. 28; P. 0. Monticello; is a native of 
 Salem, Ma.ss., and was born Sept. 23, 1818 ; when 7 years of age, his father removed to 
 
MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 683 
 
 Utica, N. Y., and he grew up to manhood in that State ; he came to Iowa in 1856, and 
 located in Jones Co., on Bowen's Prairie, and engaged in farming; in 1869, he removed 
 to where he now Uves, in the suburbs of Monticello ; he owns a good farm, well improved, 
 which joins the city limits. He has held the oflfice of County Surveyor, and has held 
 town and school offices. In 1840, he married Miss Harriet Campbell, from Paris, N. 
 Y.; they have had six children, four of whom survive — Douglass H., Laura C, Dwight 
 S. and Sarah L., all livins; in this State. 
 
 GEORGE NNOWDEN, farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. O. Bowen's Prairie ; was born 
 in County Monaghan, Ireland, in May, 1814 ; he emigrated to Philadelphia in 1832 ; 
 went to Dubuque, Iowa, in 1833, where he lived four years, engaged in mining and 
 smelting ore. He returned to Philadelphia and married Eliza Boyd, also a native of 
 Ireland, after which he lived in Dubuque one year ; then came to Jones Co. and entered 
 a farm in Richland Township, where he lived ten or twelve years ; then returned to 
 Dubuque County and settled in Whitewater Township ; came to present location in 
 1875. 
 
 THEODORE SOETJE, of the firm of Soetje & Tiarks, dealers in 
 drugs, paints, oils, books and stationery, wall paper, Monticello; is a native of Schleswig 
 Holstein, Germany, and was born Aug. 16, 1841 ; he grew up to manhood there, and 
 emigrated to America in 1862 ; he came to Lyons, Iowa, and remained there four years 
 and came to Jones Co. and located in Monticello in November, 1866 ; he engaged in his 
 present business, and has continued in it very successfully since then, and has built up 
 a large and desirable trade ; in 1869, he built the store he now occupies, and, in 
 
 1877, he built the store adjoining on the east, and, in 1876, he built a large 
 and commodious dwelling, one of the finest in the city. When Mr. Soetje came 
 to this country, he only had $50, and his success in life is owing entirely to 
 his good management and attention to business. He has lield the office of City Treas- 
 urer two years, and is a Director of the Monticello Bank. He married Miss Anna 
 Oswold, a native of Prussia, in Linn Co., Iowa, May 3, 1866 ; they have three children — 
 Edward, Oscar and Alberti. 
 
 K^. P. STARKS, manufiicturer and dealer in furniture, Monticello ; is a 
 native of Clinton Co., N. Y., and was born Aug. 5, 1830 ; he grew up to manhood 
 there, and learned the trade of carpenter and joiner. He was united in marriage to 
 Miss Clarinda Peak, from New York, Feb. 5, 1857 ; they came to Iowa and arrived in 
 Jones Co. the following July ; he engaged in contracting and building ; he was the first 
 contractor here in Monticello ; he continued building until eight years ago ; he was for 
 two years Superintendent in charge of the erection of the Agricultural College Build- 
 ings at Ames ; he was engaged in the grocery business for several years, and, in June, 
 
 1878, engaged in the furniture business. Mr. and Mrs. Starks have two children — 
 Charles H. and Neva A. Mr. Starks has served as member of the City Council. 
 
 STEPHEN STARKS, proprietor of the Dexter livery and boarding sta- 
 ble, Monticello; is a native of Franklin Co., N. Y., and was born in June, 1834; he 
 grew up to manhood there and learned the trade of carpenter and joiner ; in 1855, he 
 came West to Illinois, and, in 1857, he came to Iowa and located in Jones Co.. and 
 engaged in building and contracting; he continued in that business until 1868, when he 
 engaged in his present business ; he has the oldest livery business in Monticello. He 
 married Miss Elizabeth Chamberlain, a native of New York State, June 5, 1856; she 
 came West to Illinois when quite small ; they have two children — Edward and Bertie. 
 
 MRS. MARY ANN STONE, widow of Curtis Stone, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. 
 Monticello. Mr. Stone was born in Cheshire Co., N. H., Oct. 26, 1819 ; he came to 
 Bowen's Prairie in the fall of 1851, and purchased a part of the farm now owned by 
 Mrs. Stone; he returned East in October, 1853, and was married in November of that 
 year to Miss Mary Burton, his present widow, of Windsor Co., Vt., and at once located 
 on his farm on Bowen's Prairie ; he died Oct. 11, 1879. Mrs. Stone has three daugh- 
 ters — Ruby M. Ketcham, resides in Cass Township ; Clara E., and Hettie D., now 
 Mrs. Charles M. Brown. Mrs. Stone has 220 acres of land. She is a member of the 
 Congregational Church, as was her husband. 
 
 V 
 
684 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 J. R. STILiLi^HAlV, insurance agent and Notary Public, Monticello ; is a 
 native of Litchfield Co., Conn., and was born Aug. 18, 1831 ; he grew up and received 
 his education there ; in 1855, came to Michigan and remained one year ; in 1856, came 
 to Iowa and located in Jones Co. and engaged in teaching. During the war, he entered 
 the army in 1862, enlisting in Co. B, 9th I. V. I.; he was on detached service in the 
 Quartermaster's Department at division headquarters most of the time ; he re-enlisted 
 as a veteran. After the war, he returned to Monticello, and since 1869 he has been 
 engaged in the insurance business. He held the office of County Superintendent of 
 Schools for several years ; has held the office of Justice of the Peace, and is now City 
 Recorder ; he held the office of Town Clerk for several years. He was united in mar- 
 riage, Oct. 29, 1856, to IMiss Elizabeth M. Cowles, from Litchfield Co., Conn. 
 
 CptEORCtE STUHLER, dealer in boots and shoes, Monticello; is a native 
 of Germany and was born April 11, 1822 ; he grew up to manhood and learned his 
 business there; he emigrated to America in 1849; the following year, in 1850, he 
 came to Ljwa and located in Muscatine and lived there five years ; then came to Canton, 
 Jackson Co., and lived there five years; he came to Monticello and established his 
 present business, and has built up a large trade and is the oldest boot and shoe house in 
 Monticello. He married Miss Catharine Eistz, a native of Germany, March 2, 1852; 
 they have three children — George, engaged in the grocery trade ; William, in the store 
 with his lather, and Fred, at home. They attend the Congregational Church. 
 
 BRAI>JLEY STUART, attorney at law and Justice of the Peace, Monti- 
 cello; is a native of Columbia Co., N. Y., and was born October 10, 181-1; from an 
 early age, he was brought up in the State of Connecticut; he came to Iowa June 1, 
 1857, and located in Jones Co.; engaged in farming near town and continued for eight 
 years and then moved in town. In 1864, he enlisted in Co. D, 9th I. V. I., and served 
 under Gen. Sherman ; he was in the battles of Resaca, Atlanta and in all the battles 
 to Savannah. After the war closed, he returned here; in the fall of 1874 he was 
 elected Justice of the Peace and was afterwards re-elected to the same office. In 1838, 
 he married Ann Murray, in Erie Co., N. Y.; she was a native of England. 
 
 HENRY SlIHR, furniture dealer, Monticello ; was born in Prussia Nov. 10, 
 1830; he grew up to manhood and learned his business there ; he emigrated to Amer- 
 ica in 1861 ; he lived in Peekskill, N. Y.; he came to Jones Co., Iowa, in 1871 and 
 located at Monticello and engaged in the furniture business ; he has built up a good 
 trade and does the leading business here ; during the present year, he built the brick 
 store he now occupies. In April, 1860, he married Johanna Rohn, from Prussia; they 
 have five children — Max, Johanna, Lena, Matilda and George. 
 
 EI) n, THO:»IPSON, of the firm of J. H. Bacher & Co., dealers in drugs, 
 medicines, books and stationery, Monticello ; is a native of Lincolnshire, Eng., and was 
 born Sept. 1, 1846 ; his parents came to America when he was only 6 years of age and 
 located in Illinois, and then came to Delaware Co., Iowa; in 1862, he came to Jones 
 Co. and has since then lived in this county ; he was engaged in the grocery trade for 
 two years, and afterward associated with J. H. Bacher in the drug business. He was 
 united in marriage to Miss Fannie C. Bacher, a native of AUentown, Lehigh Co., Penn., 
 April 21. 1871 ; they have one daughter — Edna G. 
 
 D. C. TICE, carriage manufacturer, Monticello ; is a native of Clermont Co., 
 Ohio, and was born March 20, 1825 ; he grew up to manhood in Ohio, and learned his 
 trade in Cincinnati and lived there until 1855, when he came to Iowa and located in 
 Jones Co,; he arrived here April 15; he began working at his trade at Fairview ; in 
 1856, he located in Anamosa and engaged in his business there ; he carried on his busi- 
 ness there about twenty-two years, and, in 1878, came to Monticello and established his 
 business here ; he was the oldest carriage manufacturer in Anamosa, and is now the old- 
 est in Jones Co.; he has held the office of City Councilman. In 1847, he married 
 Elizabeth Lewis, from Ohio; she died in 1861, leaving six children — Charles, Albert- 
 ine, Thomas, George and Archie ; they lost one daughter — Isabel; in 1862, Mr. Tice 
 married Miss Sarah H. Hoyt, from Pennsylvania; she is a niece of Gov. Hoyt, of that 
 State ; she is also a half-cousin to Gen. Sherman. Mr. Tice grew up in the same county 
 
MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 685 
 
 •with Gen. Grant, and was well acquainted with the family and Gen. Grant's father 
 visited him while living in Anamosa. 
 
 W. TOWJVK, photographic artist, Monticello ; is a native of Hampshire Co., 
 Mass., and was born March 21, 1841 ; when 6 years of age, his parents came West 
 to Illinois, and settled in Kane Co.; lie grew up in that State and learned photographing ; 
 in 1866, he came to Iowa and located in Monticello, and engaged in mercantile busi- 
 ness; after two years, he was burned out, and afterward engaged in photographing; he 
 owns 320 acres of land in Nebraska. He married Miss Julia A. Adams, from Geneva, 
 111., in December, 1864; she died Nov. 5, 1871, leaving two children — Celia and Horace ; 
 Jan. 1, 1873, he married Miss M. A. Lobdell, from Illinois, a native of Connecticut; 
 they have one daughter — P]tta. 
 
 F. J. TRYON, dealer in groceries and provisions, Monticello ; is a native of 
 Litchfield Co., Conn., and was born April 14, 1825; he grew up to manhood there; 
 lived in New York State five years, and came to Iowa in 1854, and located in Jones 
 Co.; after he arrived here, his goods did not come, and he went to Warren, 111., on foot, 
 about seventy miles, to look them up ; they did not reach him for three months ; he 
 engaged in farming ; one year he sold 600 bushels of splendid wheat for 30 cents a 
 bushel ; he made more money when he first came, in hunting during the winter, than he 
 did all the year on his farm. He was an excellent marksman, and very rarely did a 
 deer escape his unerring aim ; he would earn $5 every day he was out hunting, and has 
 made $27 in one day with his rifle ; on his way to Dubuque, and without getting out 
 of his sleigh, he has shot enough chickens and quail on the way to pay all of his expenses 
 for the trip ; he has killed over two hundred deer. He continued farming twelve years, 
 then came to Monticello and engaged in the insurance business ; was elected Justice of the 
 Peace, and afterward engaged in mercantile business ; he held the ofiice of Justice of the 
 Peace in Clay Township for ten years, and also school ofiices ; he was elected the first 
 City Recorder here ; he was elected Mayor of Monticello in 1877, and has served in 
 the City Council most of the time since he came here. He married Miss Matilda How- 
 ard, from Tioga Co., N. Y., Dec. 30, 1852 ; they have two children, daughters — Ella 
 and Alice. 
 
 CHARLfil^ E. WAIiES, buyer and shipper of grain and stock, Monti- 
 cello ; is among the most active energetic business men in Jones Co. or in this section 
 of the State ; he is a native of Claremont, N. H., and was born July 15, 1834 ; when 
 17 years of age, he went to Boston and remained several years; in 1855, he came 
 West to Iowa, locating at Dubuque ; in 1858, he came to Jones Co., located at Monti- 
 cello and engaged in the mercantile business ; he has been in the stock and grain bus- 
 iness over twenty years, and for many years has been extensively engaged in buying and 
 shipping grain and stock. He has held the office of Mayor of Monticello ; he has been 
 repeatedly urged to accept the nomination for Representative to the State Legislature 
 and other offices, but he has steadily refused, having no taste for office, and his large 
 business interests demand his attention. He was united in marriage to Miss Calista I. 
 Houghton, of Avon Springs, N. Y., July 18, 1859; they have one daughter — Clara A. 
 
 HON. OTIS WHITTJEi!IORE, of Monticello, Iowa, was born in Fitz- 
 william, Cheshire Co., N. H., March 5, 1816; he is a lineal descendant, on the mater- 
 nal side, of William Locke, who embarked from the port of London for America on 
 the 22d of March, 1634; he was the youngest child of William Snow Whittemore ; 
 his mother, Molly (Locke) Whittemore, was daughter of William Locke, of Fitzwill- 
 iam, Cheshire Co., N. H.; Mr. Whittemore has an old account-book kept by his grand- 
 father, William Locke, which shows that, after the battle of Lexington, in 1775, Mr. 
 Locke was called to Cambridge to aid in protecting Government stores — " powder and 
 provisions;" the account-book makes a memorandum of his going on the 20th of April, 
 1775 — ne.xt day after the battle of Lexington ; his return to his home in safety is also 
 noted. Mr. Whittemore's ancestors, on both sides, were quite active in aiding to secure 
 our national independence; Mr. Whittemore has a book, printed by an ancestor in 1617, 
 which contains the family genealogy for several generations in America; it also contains 
 an able exposition of Colossians, and is dedicated by the reverend writer to an English 
 
686 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 nobleman. During his entire minority, Mr. Whittemore lived with his father upon the 
 home farm, but, in the mean time, he obtained a practical education in the excellent 
 public schools of his native town. He was married, Aug. 31, 18-41, to Miss Harriet 
 M. Eaton, of Fitzwilliam, Cheshire Co., N. H. The great-great-grandfather of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Otis Whittemore was one and the same personage, namely, James Locke, 
 born Nov. 14, 1G77 — the eighth child of Deacon William Locke, of Woburn, Mass., 
 the founder of the Locke family in America. In 1843, the westward tide of emigra- 
 tion brought many sturdy pioneers beyond the Mississippi, and landed them in the 
 beautiful Iowa country; which now contains the homes and marts of an intelligent, enter- 
 prising and freedom-loviug commonwealth ; in that year, he, with his worthy wife, 
 began Western life at Bowen's Prairie, Jonf s Co., Iowa. His small " claim" was afterward 
 increased to fully two hundred choice acres, whereon he erected a substantial farm- 
 house, which still stands ; his home was on or near the military road between Dubuque 
 and Iowa City, and pioneer life was frequently enlivened by seeing Government troops 
 and the munitions of war pass their prairie settlement ; Mr. Whittemore built the first 
 frame house in the settlement, and afterward erected the first frame schoolhouse in the 
 county that was built by taxation, and was actively instrumental in the erection of a 
 church within a few rods of his dwelling; in 1844, next year after his arrival, he, with 
 others, built a church at Cascade, where he continued his membership until the church 
 at Bowen's Prairie was built ; in common with other beginners, his first efi'orts at farm- 
 ing were in the line of grain-raising, but soon changed to the more profitable one of 
 stock-raising, in which he took a commendable pride ; for fifteen years, he was in 
 demand as a carpenter ; his trade and his farm combined to tax his energy and indus- 
 try ; in 1854, he platted the town of Bowen's Prairie, and duly recorded the .same in 
 the Clerk's Office, and even sold some " corner lots," but the town stubbornly refused to 
 graduate into a. city; about this date, he engaged in merchandising, and continued 
 therein for five years. From the organization of the first temperance society in Jones 
 Co., at Bowen's Prairie, in 1844, to the present time, Mr. AVhittemore has been an 
 active, consistent temperance man. He was a member of the Iowa House of Repre- 
 sentatives during the years 18G2 and 18G3, and to his earnest and skillful 
 opposition we are largely indebted for the defeat of the huge petition for the 
 repeal of the prohibitory licjuor law. From early manhood, he has been a firm 
 opponent of American slavery ; his time, his money, his voice and his votes 
 have always been in the interest of freedom and loyalty, benevolence and 
 humanity ; whether in private life or in official station, he was always the 
 liberal friend of the soldiers. His fellow-citizens accord him the honor of perfect 
 integrity and faithfulness in all positions of trust. His high sense of duty and love 
 of justice render him reliable both in the commonalities of life and in the greatest 
 emergencies. His sacrifices in the past to meet actual or implied obligations prove that 
 a part of his religion is to pay his debts — to " owe no man an v thing." Mr. Whitte- 
 more has sold his farm at Bowen's Prairie, and, for the last nine years, has been a 
 respected resident of Monticello. His present home, erected by him.self, is located upon 
 a beautiful eminence, commanding a charming view of Monticello and the surrounding 
 country. His residence, while being far from palatial, is in striking contrast to his 
 early log cabin on the prairie ; and his present furniture is more artistic, if it is not 
 more substantial than that which decorated his cabin home ; fence-rails — forest timber — 
 were the material of wliich he coastructeJ his first furniture. Some specimens still 
 remain to remind him of his .skill as a mechanic and his experience as a pioneer. The 
 hospitality of Mr. and Mrs. Wliittemore is proverbial. The " latch-string is out," and 
 a hearty welcome greets all wiio have any reason to ask of them a temporary home. 
 Early settlers and pioneer preachers have special cause to remember the hospitable 
 cabin of the Whittemores. They have had no children of their own, but have adopted 
 several, who have now attained their majority and are well settled in life. He is 
 a friend of education, public-spirited, willing to suffer for the general welfare. 
 Republican to the core, he nevertheless contemns the mere politician who resorts 
 to " ways that are dark and tricks that are vain," in order to accomplish partisan 
 
MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 687 
 
 purposes. He is ever ready to battle in all honorable ways 'for the success of his 
 principles. For many years, he has been actively identified with the Conirregational 
 Church and Sabbath school, but is not a member of any secret organization. He is a lib- 
 eral patron of several societies designed to promote the moral and religious elevation of the 
 race. Respected by the community, with a fair competency and with diminished cares, 
 he and his estimable wife are nearing life's sunset, beyond which lies the crown of life 
 eternal. 
 
 Cjt. H. white, bee keeper and retired farmer, Monticello ; he was born in 
 Gallia Co., Ohio, Aug. 5, 1818 ; grew up to manhood in that State ; in 1842, he came 
 to Iowa, stopped in Cedar Co. over one year, then came to Jones Co. and located on 
 Bowen's Prairie in March, 1844, and commenced makinir a farm and entered the land 
 when it came into market. He was one of the early settlers in this county; when he 
 came here, he had nothing and was S9 in debt, and his neighbors predicted that he would 
 starve out on the prairie, but he did not starve, and now owns 400 acres of good land ; 
 he has sold dressed pork for $1 per cwt., and wheat for 30 cents per bushel, which only 
 netted him 20 cents. He is extensively engaged in bee culture, and is one of the most 
 practical bee-keepers in this part of the State ; he has from 75 to 100 stands of bees, 
 which make from 75 to 125 pounds of honey yearly, from each hive; he extracts the 
 honey and puts it up in jars for the market. While living in Ohio (1 840), Mr.White mar- 
 ried Nancy Eleanor Gibson, from Gallia Co., Ohio ; she died in September, 1874, leaving 
 six children — Alfred and John, farmers here, Lucinda and Amelia, livina' in Oakland, 
 Cal., Amanda and Kozetta, living in Nebraska. In November, 1877, Mr. White mar- 
 ried Mrs. Eleanor E,. Leman ; she was born in March, 1827, and came to Iowa in 1857 ; 
 she owns a farm of eightv acres. 
 
 JOHN W. WHITE, farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in the 
 State of Pennsylvania in 1811 ; his parents removed to Butler Co., Ohio, when he was 
 a child ; thence to Montgomery Co., Ind.; thence to St. Joseph Co., Ind. IMr. White 
 was married to Elizabeth Elmore, of Montgomery Co., Ind.; they came to Jones Co. 
 in October, 1850, settled on present farm of 1G5 acres in October, 1852 ; have two 
 children — Jennie M. and Alice M. His son, Charles H., enlisted in March, 1862, in 
 the 17tli I. V. I., and died at St. Louis, May 4, of the same year. Members of the 
 Congregational Church. 
 
 "WILLIAM WHITE, proprietor of the Palmer House, Monticello ; is a 
 native of Butler Co., Ohio, and was born June 17, 1825 ; his parents removed to Indi- 
 ana when he was quite small, and he grew up to manhood there ; in 1852, he went to 
 California and was engaged in the stock business there; he remained in California and 
 Oregon fourteen years. In 1866, he came to Iowa and located in Jones Co. and 
 engaged in farming and stock-raising, and continued until 1876, when he came to 3Ion- 
 ticello and bought the hotel property known as the Palmer House, and on the 1st of 
 January, 1867, he married Miss Mary White, from Indiana; they have four children 
 — Nellie E., Schuyler Colfax, Jennie and Alice. 
 
 ROBERT WILSON, firmer, Sec. 26; P. 0. Monticello; was born in 
 Lancaster Co.. Penn., in 1826. He was married to Catherine Trainor ; came to Jipnes 
 Co. in May, 1852, and settled in Richland Township; came to his present location ia 
 the fall of 1854 ; his firm contains 340 acres. He has ten children — Anna Belle, 
 George W., Franklin, Thomas J., Kate, Mary J., p]mma, Lincoln, Ella and Gertrude. 
 Mr. Wilson owns an improved farm of 400 acres in Sac Co., Iowa. 
 
 J. Q. WINtw, attorney at law, Monticello ; is a native of Washington Co., 
 N. Y., and was born Sept. 22, 1846; he grew up and attended school there, going 
 through Washington Academy, at Cambridge ; he then entered Fort Edward Collegiate 
 Institute; then attended the Normal College at Poultney, Vt.; he completed his edu- 
 cation and graduated from the Law Department of the State University of Michigan 
 in 1872. He engaged in the practice of law in Chicago. In January, 1873, he came 
 to Jones Co. and located at Monticello, and since then has practiced his profession here. 
 He holds the office of City Attorney. During the last year of the war, he raised a 
 regiment, and, upon its organization, he was elected and commissioned Colonel, but the 
 
688 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 regiment was not called into the field ; Mr. Wing organized Co. D of the 9th I. N. 
 G., and at the late election was chosen Colonel of the 9th I. N. G. In September, 
 1873, he was united in marriage to Miss Lulu A. Finke, from Savanna, Carroll Co., 
 111.; they have one daughter — Florence A. 
 
 J. C>r. WOOD, City Weighmaster, Monticello ; was born in St. Lawrence 
 Co., N. Y., Aug. 31, 1817 ; he grew up to manhood and lived there until 1842 ; then 
 came to Wisconsin and lived in Walworth Co. until 1867 ; then came to Jones Co. 
 He holds the office of City Weighmaster, and is serving his fifth year ; he has held 
 town offices in Wi.scon.sin. He married Miss A. C. Mills, a native of Massachusetts, 
 in 1811 ; they have two children — Frank G. and Elmer G. 
 
 H. jfl. WRICjJHT, of the firm of Wright & Dewey, dealers in drugs and 
 medicines, Monticello ; is a native of Hartford Co., Conn., and was born May 22, 1837 ; 
 he grew up to manhood there ; in 1857, he came to Michigan and lived in Adrian two 
 years ; then came to Jones Co. and located at Monticello and engaged in mercantile 
 business, and since 1869 he has been engaged in the drug, book and stationery busi- 
 ness. He has held the offices of Town Clerk, City Recorder and is now a member of 
 the School Board. He married Miss Ellen M. Dewey, daughter of D. S. Dewey, an 
 old and honored settler of Jones Co.; they have two children — one daughter, Kittie 
 May, and one son, Harry. 
 
 JAMES \OUNCir, wagon and carriage maker. Monticello; is a native of 
 Scotland, and was born July 29, 1838 ; when 17 years of age, he came to Canada, 
 where he learned the business of carriage and wagon making; in 1860, he came to the 
 United States; he came west to Iowa and located at Anamosa in February, 1865; he 
 came to Monticello the same year, and since then has carried on his business here. He 
 married Miss Margaret Rhea, a native of Scotland, Jan. 22, 1867 ; they have four 
 children — James, Ellon, Henry and Margaret. 
 
 PETER YOUXCjt, blacksmith, Monticello ; is a native of Scotland, and was 
 born Sept. 11, 1840; he came to Canada when 15 years of age, in 1855 ; he learned 
 the trade of blacksmith; in 1865, he came to Jones Co., Iowa, and located ac Ana- 
 mosa ; he remained there over two years, and, in 1867, came to Monticello, and since 
 then he has been engaged in business here. He married Mrs. Catharine Hogan, a 
 native of Ireland, Sept. 13, 1868; they have five children — Ellen, William, Catherine, 
 Peter and Frank. 
 
 SILAS M. YORAX, farmer. Sec. 12; P. 0. Monticello; was born in 
 Herkimer Co., N. Y., in 1835 ; he came to Bowen's Prairie in September, 1855 ; during 
 the following winter was engaged at Decorah in the interests of Eastern land purchas- 
 ers ; thence to Hopkinton, Delaware Co., where he was engaged in merchandising for 
 about one year ; in the spring and summer of 1857 was engaged at Sioux City, in the 
 interests of land purchasers ; in 1858, located at Sand Springs, Delaware Co., and 
 engaged in a general business ; in the spring of 1864, located where he now lives ; his 
 farm contains 110 acres. In the flill of 1877, Mr. Yoran was elected to the General 
 Assembly of Iowa ; was re-elected in the fall of 1879 ; he was a member of the Board of 
 Supervisors for the years 1868-73. He was married to Maria L. Markell, of Herki- 
 mer Co., N. Y.; they have five children — Libbie, George, William, Darwin and Louise. 
 
 RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 
 
 REV. HARVEY ADAMS, Pastor of the Congregational Church, Bow- 
 en's Prairie ; was born in Cheshire Co., N. H., Jan. 16, 1809 ; he prepared for college 
 at Montpelier Academy, Vermont; entered the University of Vermont in 1835, where 
 he graduated in 1839 ; graduated at the Andover Theological Seminary in 1843; he 
 came to Farmington, V^an Buren Co., Iowa, in the fall of that year, where he remained 
 as Pastor of the Congregational Church for seventeen years ; thence to Council Bluffs 
 
RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 689 
 
 in 1860, where he remained three years ; then returned to Farmington, where he con- 
 tinued three years; thence to New Hampton, Chickasaw Co., where he remained about 
 four and a half years; thence to Fairfax, Linn Co.. four years ; he assumed his present 
 charge in July, 1865. He was married to Rhoda M. Codding, a native of Massachu- 
 setts ; they have four children — Sarah L. Stoddard, Emily J. Babcock, Edward E. 
 and Kate F. 
 
 WILLIA^I BEATTY, farmer. Sec. 4; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie; born in 
 Ireland in 1826; his father, James Beatty, removed to Philadelphia about 1828, where 
 Mr. Beatty was brought up ; he was engaged in the grocery business in Philadelphia 
 about twelve years; he came to Jones Co. in the spring of 1856, and settled in Wash- 
 ington Township, whei'c he lived about one year and a half; he then sold his farm there 
 and removed to Buchanan Co., but soon after resumed the ownership of his former 
 flirm in Washington Township, Jones Co., where he returned ; he bought his present 
 farm in the spring of 1867. He was married to Ann Elliott, a native of Ireland, later 
 of Philadelphia ; they have five children — William J., Mary A. S., James, Robert E. 
 and Isabelle J.; lost two children in infancy. His farm contains 156 acres; has also 
 160 acres in Carroll Co. Mr. Beatty and wife belong to the United Presbyterian 
 ■Church. 
 
 K. S. BIjODCwETT, farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie ; was born in 
 Deerfield, Mass., in 1810 ; his parents removed to New Hampshire when he was 7 years 
 of age. He was married to Rebecca Whittemore, who was born in Cheshire Co., N. H., 
 in 1811 ; they came to Jones Co. in 1848, and settled where they now live; they have 
 had three children, none of whom are living — William B., Joseph T. and Frederick H.; 
 the latter was Orderly Sergeant of Co. H, 31st I. V. I.; he died in Memphis March 26, 
 1863. Mr. and Mrs. Blodo;ett are members of the Congregational Church. 
 
 GEOROE BRAZELTON, farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie ; is a 
 son of William Brazelton, and was born in Linn Co. in 1844, where his father removed 
 from Illinois in 1840 ; he came to Jones Co. with his parents in 1845. He was mar- 
 ried to Alice Byers, whose parents were early settlers of Madison Township, from Penn- 
 sylvania ; they have four children — Lily C., Edgar Gr., Frank Leslie and George C. 
 Mr. Brazelton's farm contains 224 acres. 
 
 JAMES CRAIG, farmer, Sec. 6; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie ; was born in 1822, 
 on the British brig Bart ley, on the Banks of Newfoundland, his parents being then on their 
 way from England to this country. His parents settled in Philadelphia. Mr. Craig has 
 resided! n that part of Philadelphia known as East Kensington nearly all his life; he learned 
 the trade of a carpenter, which business he followed for some years ; he was engaged in 
 the machine-shops of I. P. Morris, of Philadelphia, for twenty-six years. He was 
 married to Fanny J. Hayes, a native of Ireland, born in 1829. Mr. Craig purchased 
 his present farm in the spring of 1877. He has four sons and two daughters — Jared, 
 Margaret J., Charles, William J., Laura L. and Robert; the first two mentioned are 
 twins. His farm contains 178} acres; he also owns a house and lot adjoining his farm. 
 
 JOSEPH HICKMAN, farmer. Sec. 5; P. 0. Bowen's Piairie i was born 
 in Virginia in 1812 ; removed with his parents to Muskingum Co., Ohio, in 1819, where 
 he lived until 1852, when he came to Richland Township and settled in Section 9 ; in 
 the fall of 1872, he came to his present location. He was married to Mary Bunting, 
 of Belmont Co., Ohio ; they have seven children — William H., Shelton, Kimble, 
 Demarkus, Huldah J. Cline, resides in Nebraska ; Greorjre W. and John ; have lost two 
 children — Lucy and Sarah A ; the latter died Oct. 24, 1879. Mr. Hickman's present 
 farm contains 100 acres ; his farm in Section 9 contained 350 acres, of which he gave 
 Iiis son ninety acres, and sold the remainder to Mr. John 3Iay, for §10,000. He has 
 teen Township Trustee for about fifteen years. He is a Democrat in politics. 
 
 JOHN C. HUNTOON, farmer. Sec. 8; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie; born in 
 Hanover, N. H., in 1829 ; he came to Jones Co. in 1867, and purchased his present 
 farm. He was married to Miss Ann Fairchilds, born in the State of New York ; they 
 have four children — John W., Lizzie, Minnie and Sarah. His father, John Huntoon, 
 lives with him ; he is a native of Hanover, N. H.; his mother died at his home in 1877. 
 
690 ■ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 THEODORE W. LITTLE, farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie ; 
 was born in jNIiddlesex Co., Mass., in 1818; his parents, Eben and Abbie Little, 
 removed to Wayne Co., N. Y., in 1828; Mr. Little went to Albemarle Co., Va., 
 in 1842, where he was engaged in the drug business for many years; he was 
 also engaged for many years in selling and establishing agencies for the sale of a lini- 
 ment of which he was proprietor ; during this time, he spent many years in traveling, 
 especially through the Southern States ; he came to Jones Co. in February, 1866, 
 and took possession of his present farm, on which his father had settled in 1848. His 
 father died in January, 1876 ; his mother died in 1862. Mr. Little was married in 
 1846, to Sarah A. Bragg, born in Massachusetts, but then a resident of Michi<:an. Her 
 father, Calvin B. Bragg, removed from Massachusetts to Ontario Co., N. Y., in 1826, 
 thence to Michigan in 1843; he died in Jackson, in that State, in 1863 ; her mother, 
 Mrs. Orpha Bragg, now 80 years of age, lives with her daughter, Mrs. Little. The 
 father of Mr. Little was partially deaf from birth, entirely so after 10 years of age. 
 His farm contains 160 acres; he also owns a farm of sixteen acres in Michigan. He 
 has five children — Frances A., Charles C, Ella A., James M. B., Ebbie W.; lost three 
 children in infancy. 
 
 JOHN, RICHARD AlVD THOMAS H. McQUILLEN, farm- 
 ers, Sec. 23; P. 0. Cascade; sons of John McQuillen, who was born in Ireland, and 
 came to the United States in 1830 ; lived in Albany, N. Y., till he came to Jones Co. 
 in the spring of 1846; he settled where his sons now live; he died in the fall of the 
 year he came to the county. Besides the three brothers mentioned above, is George, 
 who resides in Washington Township ; another, Bernard, died in 1865; the homestead, 
 now owned by John, Richard and Thomas, contains 500 acres, 300 of which is 
 improved; they are engaged principally in stock-raising. Thomas, born in 1846, is the 
 only one of the brothers born in Jones Co.; he has held several township oflSces ; has 
 been Township Clerk and Collector for four years ; was a Justice of the Peace from 
 1871 to 1875; he was one of the first Directors of the Cascade, Bellevue & Western 
 Railroad. The brothers are Democrats in politics. Their mother, Margarette McQuillen, 
 lives with them. They are Catholics in religion. 
 
 THOMAS MOORE, farmer, Sec. 20 ; P. O. Monticello ; was born on the 
 Isle of Man, August, 1822. His parents, William and Ann Moore, emigrated to Can- 
 ada in 1825, where they lived until about 1830, when they removed to Detroit, Mich., 
 thence to La Porte, Ind., about 1835, and to Jones Co. in 1837. His father took a 
 claim of the farm where Rudolph Casper now lives, which he owned till 1865, when he 
 sold to Mr. Casper; he then purchased a farm in Castle Grove Township, where he died 
 in January, 1 875 ; Mr, ^loore's mother died in Dubuque Co. in 1838 ; his father was after- 
 ward married to Elvira Neal, who is still living. Thomas Moore came to Jones Co. with his 
 father in 1837, but, with his brother William, went to Wisconsin, about 1840 ; soon 
 after, returned to Dubuque Co.; soon after, went to Platteville, AVis., where he lived till 
 about 1846, when he returned to Jones Co. and settled on the farm where he now lives, 
 a part of which he had entered several years previous to that time. He was married 
 to Eliza Mulligan, whose parents came from Staten Island to Dubuque Co. about 1844; 
 has seven children — Thomas W., Mary A., Sarah, Eliza, Jane, Clara Belle and Agnes ^ 
 lost two children — William, who was killed by accident March 17, 1879, in his 24tli 
 year ; Minnie died in infoncy. 
 
 STEPHEN A. PALMER, farmer and proprietor of cheese factory. Sec. 
 5 ; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie ; was born in Genesee Co., N. Y., in 1836 ; his parents, 
 Stephen and IMartha Palmer, removed to Medina Co., Ohio, about 1840 ; they came 
 to Jones Co. and settled on the farm now owned by their son in the spring of 1856 ; his 
 mother died in July, 1874; his father, now 84 years of age, lives with him. He was 
 married to Angeline Bennett, who was born in Ohio ; they have ten children ; six sons 
 and four daughters — George A., jMattie C. Hicks, Almon E., Frank A., Ashley B., 
 Cliarles A., William G., Mary A., Nellie and Truly I. Mr. Palmer is engaged in stock- 
 raising and dairying ; he started his cheese factory in the fall of 1878 ; it has a capacity 
 of about four hundred pounds of cheese per day. 
 
 i 
 
RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 691 
 
 CHRISTIAN PRADER, farmer, Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was bora 
 in France in 1847, where he lived twelve years, when his father returned to Switzer- 
 land, his native country; came to this country and Jones Co. in 1872. Was married 
 to Mersula Casper, daughter of Rudolph Casper ; they have one child, Rudolph, born 
 in 187-1. Mr. Trader's form contains 175 acres of land. Rudolph Casper was born 
 in Switzerland in 1815 ; he is one of the lar^e farmers of Richland Township. 
 
 SOIOJX" REICH ART, former. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Monticello; was born in 
 Bavaria, Germany, in 1805 ; he came to this country and settled in Dubuque in 1837 ; 
 came to Richland Township in 1839 ; settled on his present form in 18-10. Has five 
 children — John, Adam, Maggie, Rarbary and Anna. John was married to Johanna 
 Horner, whose parents were early settlers of Dubuque Co.; have one child — Minnie. 
 Adam married Ann Turnis ; has four children. Mr. Reichart's farm contains 380 
 acres. 
 
 JOHN SCHWEITZER, former, Sec. 18; P.O. Monticello; born in Switzer- 
 land in 1824; he came to this country and Jones Co. in 1850 ; he went to California 
 in 1851 and engaged in mining; remained in California ten years, returning in 1801 ; 
 purchased his present farm in the spring of 1862, where he settled in the foil of that 
 year. He was married to Charlotte Yousse, who died in 1866. His present wife was 
 Margaret Bohnar. Mr. Schweitzer has one daughter by his first marriage — Seraphina ; 
 and three children by his second wife — Charlotte, Lena and John. Mr. Schweitzer has 
 about five hundred acres of land. 
 
 JOHN I>. SULL.IVAN, former, Sec. 3; P. 0. Cascade, Dubuque 
 County ; son of John and Margaret Sullivan ; was born on the farm he now owns 
 October 29, 1840 ; his father was a native of Ireland and was born in 1807 ; he came 
 to this country in 1835, and entered the farm where his son now resides. His 
 mother was born in Virginia in 1810 ; she was married in Illinois in 1827 to David 
 Lindsay ; had three children by this marriage, none of whom are living ; she became a 
 widow, and on Jan. 1, 1840, she married Mr. Sullivan; she has four children by her 
 second marriage — John D., William T. (lives in Daviess Co., Mo., and is editor of a 
 paper called the Northern Missouriari), Robert F. (resides in Franklin Co., Iowa), Den- 
 nis (lives in Richland Township, Jones Co., Iowa). John D. was married to Helen M. 
 Simmons, who was born in Canada; she died July 13, 1877. Mr. Sullivan has five 
 children — Adda, William H., Emma J., John F. and Charles M. Mr. Sullivan was 
 for about one year a member of Co. C, 2d I. V. I. ; entered the army in 1864. His 
 brother, William T., enlisted in Co. K, 17th I. V. I., in 1861 ; served till the close of 
 the war. 
 
 HON. JOHN TAYLOR, Cascade. Hon. John Taylor, or, as he is more 
 familiarly called. Judge Taylor, is the son of David Taylor and Martha McNeil, and was 
 born Feb. 16, 1808, in Rockingham Co., N. H. This was his home until 17 years of 
 age, when he removed to Essex Co., N. Y., where he resided two years. He afterward 
 lived awhile in Greene Co., and then in Albany Co. In 1834, he went to Cuyahoga 
 Co., Ohio, and, in the autumn of 1836, came to Milwaukee, where he tarried about one 
 year. He is a natural mechanic, but his chief occupation has been that of farming. 
 The winter of 1837-38 he spent in the South, mainly in Louisiana. In the spring of 
 1838, he located in Dubuque, which continued to be his home for several years. In 
 1841, he purchased the place on which he now resides, on Sec. 1, in Richland Town- 
 ship, about one mile from Cascade, which is his post ofiice. In October, 1843, he was 
 elected Probate Judge of Jones County, for a term of three years. He was elected 
 from Jones Co. as a member of the first Constitutional Convention of Iowa, which con- 
 vened in October, 1844. He was married in Dubuque, Dec. 25, 1844, to a native of 
 Kentucky, Miss Elizabeth Graffort, on the occasion of her parents' golden wedding. 
 In April, 1845, he was elected a member of the Territorial Legi-slature, by the counties 
 of Cedar, Linn and Jones; the first session of said Legislature was held in May and 
 June, and the nest in the winter of 1845-46. He was appointed by the State Legis- 
 lature in 1847, one of the Commissioners to locate a permanent seat of government for 
 the State. He was elected a member of the Legislature, the session of which was held 
 
692 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 in the winter of 1852-53. In 1859, he was again elected to the Legislature from Jones 
 Co., which regular session was at Des Moines, in 18G0, with an extra session in May, 
 1861. He has one son, John Taylor, Jr., born Dec. 22, 1846. He is now living 
 near his father and upon the original purchase of 1841. Judge Taylor was a loyal sup- 
 porter of the Government during the trial-period from '61 to '65, but has always been 
 a Democrat from principle — a firm friend of the people and of their chosen government. 
 Although Jones Co. is strongly Republican, yet the Judge has never been defeated in a 
 political contest in his own county. The Judge is only a "brother-in-law" of the 
 Evangelical Church — his wife being an acceptable member of the Baptist Church. He 
 is kind, benevolent, and often sought as a counselor — is a humanitarian. Conservative 
 and conscientious, with ripened wisdom, he is punsuing the even tenor of his way to 
 that " bourne whence no traveler returneth." 
 
 BARRETT WHITTE3IORE, teacher and farmer, Bowen's Prairie; is 
 the son of William Snow Whittemore and Mollie Locke, and was born Feb. 26, 1806, 
 in Cheshire Co., N. H.; he early exhibited a talent for mathematical and literary studies; 
 in his 12th year, he mastered ^^ Adams' old Ari/Junetic,^' and, four years afterward, when 
 he desired to enter the High School of his native town, he secured the needed books by 
 gathering and selling immense quantities of jjumpkin seeds, which were then in demand 
 for the manufacture of a peculiar oil. Before he was of age, he and his young associates 
 pledged " total abstinence from all that can intoxicate." He was a prominent actor in 
 the Lyceum of his town. He was early accustomed to farm labor, but his predominant 
 taste was for literary pursuits. He came West in the spring of 1830, and located tem- 
 porarily in Bureau Co., 111. In the autumn of 1831, he went to the vicinity of Galena 
 and Dubuque. In October, 1834, he opened a school in Dubuque, which he taught 
 about four months. This was the second school taught in Dubuque, Mr. George Cub- 
 bage having taught there the previous winter. In the season of 1835, he worked 
 at farming in Dubu((ue Co.; he then engaged in a saw-mill on the Little Maquoketa 
 River, in Dubuque Co., till the spring of 1838, when he came to Jones Co., and set- 
 tled where he now lives. Mr. Whittemore has alwaj^s taken a deep interest in the cause 
 of education, and has been a teacher for fifty years of his life, having taught more or 
 less every year for that period of time. In 1841, he taught the first school in Jones Co., 
 Bowen's Prairie, and has taught fully forty terms of school in Jones Co. since that date, 
 most of which were in Richland Township. Mr. Whittemore was an " Orderly Ser- 
 geant" in the Black Hawk war. He has held various township offices, and was the 
 first County Superintendent of Schools in Jones (^o., having been elected in 1858. He 
 was married in 1846, to iMiss Louisa Blodgett, also a native of New Hampshire. They 
 have no children. Both are consistent members of the Congregational Church at 
 Bowen's Prairie. He is beloved by his pupils, respected by his neighbors and honored 
 by his fellow-citizens. May he and his worthy wife continue for years on earth to enjoy 
 the conscious rewards of a well-spent life. The old schoolmaster of Bowen's Prairie, 
 sometime, with closing eye and fading memory, will whisper, " ' Tis growing dark ; 
 school is dismissed ; " then will our Divine Superintendent read the life-record of Bar- 
 rett Whittemore, and write thereon — " Unrolled for promotion to the High School oj 
 Heaven.'' 
 
 CYRrS WHITTE^IIORE, retired farmer, Bowen's Prairie; born in 
 Troy, Cheshire Co., N. H., in 1813 ; went to California in 1849, and engaged in mining. 
 He passed about nine years in California, but returned several times to visit his family. 
 He was married to Miss Mary D. Richardson, who was born in Greenfield, Hillsboro 
 Co., N. H.; they came to Jones Co., in the fall of 1858, and settled at Bowen's Prairie ; 
 they have three children — Frank A., residing in Monticello ; Walter L., living in Aurora, 
 Neb., and Effie G. They have lost several children — Julia S. and Mary E., each about 18 
 years of age, and Ella E., aged 2 years and 8 months. 
 
CASS TOWNSHIP. 693 
 
 CASS TOWNSHIP. 
 
 JO HIV ATKINS, farmer, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born in Somerset 
 Co., N. J., in 182G; his father, William Atkins, removed to Hamilton Co., Ohio, in 
 1844. He was married to Parmelia Dodson, who was born in Cincinnati in 1826; they 
 came to Dubuque Co. in 1850, where they lived till 1864, when they came to Jones Co. 
 and settled on their present farm ; they have five children — Edward, Adelbert, William 
 D., Geor<>e N. and Alta P. Mr. Atkins has 140 acres of land. 
 
 CHARLIES P. AT WOOD, farmer. Sec. 5; P. 0. Anamosa; was born 
 in Susquehanna Co., Penn., in 1840 ; he came to Jones Co. in the spring of 1859 ; he 
 enlisted May 15, 1861, in the 1st I. V. C, Co. K; he served nearly five years, 
 receiving his final discharge on March 15, 1866 ; he was in active service during all the 
 time he was in the army ; prominent among the battles and campaigns in which he par- 
 ticipated, the following may be mentioned : Prairie Grove, Dec. 7, 1862 ; Bayou Meter, 
 Ark.; capture of Little Rock, Ark., Sept. 10, 1863; Steele's Red River Campaign. 
 He came home on veteran furlough ; returned to his regiment June 18, 1864 ; operated 
 in Missouri for some time ; served under Gens. Pleasanton and A. J. Smith ; returned to 
 St. Louis, thence to Arkansas, thence to Pine Bluff, theuce to Memphis, Tenn., thence 
 to Guntown, Miss., etc.; was finally mustered out of service at Austin, Texas, Feb. 16, 
 1866 ; final discharge, March 16, 1866. He returned to Jones Co. Was married in 
 December, 1867, to Susan J. Porter; they have five children — Clarence B., Leola A., 
 Isora, Hurvy and Charles. Mr. Atwood located on his present farm in December, 
 1867. 
 
 R. S. BENTON, farmer. Sec. 18; P. 0. Anamosa; was born in Vermont in 
 1833; his parents, Joseph and Annie Benton, removed to St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., in 
 1842. Mr. Benton went to Illinois in 1854; he went to California the same year; 
 returned to New York State in 1868 ; came to Jones Co. in the fall of that year ; set- 
 tled on his present farm in March, 1877. He married Anna McFadden ; they have 
 one child — Jay. - 
 
 WILLIAJH BOWERS, farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Anamosa; born in Wayne 
 Co., Ohio, in 1834; he came to Jones Co. with his parents, Henry and Catherine Bow- 
 ers, in 1854; his father settled in Fairview Township; he died in 1868; his mother 
 now resides in Ashland Co., Ohio. Mr. Bowers entered his farm in 1854, where he 
 has since resided. He was married Jan. 9, 1855, to Susan E. Davis, of Ohio ; they 
 have six children — Arminda V., Arthur W., Frances C, May, Elmer and Maud ; they 
 have lost five children, all of whom died in infancy. Mr. Bowers is a Justice of the 
 Peace, and has held other township offices. He is a Republican in politics. 
 
 BENJAMIN CHAPLIN, farmer. Sec. 85; P. 0. Anamosa; was born 
 in Cortland Co., N. Y., in 1816 ; his father's family removed to Jones Co. in 1838, and 
 located in Rome Township ; his father, Daniel Chaplin, died in July of that year; his 
 mother subsequently married Mr. John Elliot, of Linn Co.; she has been dead many 
 years. Mr. Benjamin Chaplin owned the farm where his father settled, from the time 
 of his father's death till 1853. He was married to Ellen Baugh ; her parents were 
 early settlers of Jones Co. ; formerly from Indiana. Mr. Chaplin removed to Dubuque 
 in 1845, but returned to his farm in Rome Township in September, 1847 ; in 1853, he 
 exchanged his farm for a hotel known as the Waverly House, in Anamosa, which he 
 owned for about sixteen years ; has been engaged in farming most of the time since 
 1869 ; he located where he now lives in 1876. Mr. Chaplin was the first mail carrier 
 in what was known as the Dubuque and West Liberty route ; he was thus engaged 
 from the spring of 1840 till July, 1845. He was a Justice of the Peace of Cass Town- 
 ship two years. He has had six children, four of whom are living — Marietta, now Mrs. 
 Patrick KeefFe ; Huldah, now Mrs. Oscar Twogood, resides in Kansas ; Manville and 
 Morris. Names of deceased children — Melissa and Harry. 
 
694 * BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 JOSEPH S. COXDIT, farmer, Sec. 16; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born in 
 Delaware Co., Ohio, in 1834 ; he came to Jones Co. with his father, Alvin P. Condit, 
 in June, 1856. Mr. Condit owned a firm in Sec. 21 ; afterward, another in Sec. 22 ; 
 in 1868 he removed to Monroe Township, Monroe Co.; returned and purchased present 
 farm in 1870. He married Mary PI Ogden, of Ohio ; they have seven children — 
 Emery 0., Eddie S., Ida B., Lizzie, Ora D., Jay S. and an infant. Has 185 acres of 
 land. 
 
 CARSO CRAXE, farmer, Sec. 17; P. 0. Anamosa; was born in Seneca 
 Co., N. Y., in 1837 ; his parents removed to Orleans Co. when he was about 12 years 
 of age; he came to Jones Co. in the fall of 1856; in 1860, he cros.sed the Plains to 
 Colorado, returning the same year. He enlisted, in 1861, in Co. D, 9th T. V. I., and 
 served nearly two years ; he went into the service as Second Lieutenant and was pro- 
 moted to the first lieutenantcy in the latter part of August, 1862 ; he was not commis- 
 sioned as Captain, but commanded his company in nearly all the battles in which they 
 took part ; was eniraged in the battles of Pea Kidge, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post 
 and the siege of Vicksburg ; he resigned in March, 1863. He was married to Electa 
 Glidden, daughter of William S. (Jlidden, of Orleans Co., N. Y.; they have two chil- 
 dren — Fred and Lizzie. Mr. Crane's farm contains 135 acres of land. He has been a 
 Justice of the Peace of Cass Township. He and his wife are members of the Congre- 
 gational Church. 
 
 JOHN A. CRAWFORD, farmer, Sec. 21; P. O. Anamosa; was born 
 in Mercer Co., Penn., in 1825; his parents, Alexander and Rachel Crawford, removed 
 to Illinois in 1838 ; his mother died in 1844; his father came to Cass Township in 
 1857 and located in Sec. 8 ; he died July 6, 1866 ; he was a soldier in the second war 
 with England ; he was married the second time, and his widow still lives, residing in 
 Rochester, N. Y. Mr. John A. Crawford came to Ca.ss Township in 1855, first settling 
 in Sec. 8; located where he now lives about 1858. He was married to Eunice D. 
 Leonard, a native of New Jersey ; at the time of their marriage they were living in Illi- 
 nois ; they have four children — Emma E., Jessie, Leta M. and John ; have lost a son 
 and a daughter. Mr. Crawford has 335 acres of land, and is engaged quite extensively 
 in stock-raising; feeds annually about 100 head of cattle and 800 head of hogs. He 
 has been a member of the County Board of Supervisors for two terms, and a Justice 
 of the Peace for many years. 
 
 NICHOLAS DAHLEM, miller and owner of Fremont Mills; P. 0. Ana- 
 mesa ; was born in Germany in 1842 ; he came to the United States in November, 1868, 
 and settled in Dubuque Co., where he had charge of the Rockville Mills for three and 
 a half years ; in February, 1873, he engaged as miller in the mill which he now owns; 
 he purchased the mill in May, 1876; the mill has two run of stone, with a grinding 
 capacity of about one hundred and sixty bushels per day of twenty-four hours. He 
 was married to Marguerette Betts, a native of Germany ; have four children — Mary, 
 Peter, Lucy and Josephine. 
 
 AL.L.EN L.. FAIRBANKS, ftirmer. Sec. 3; P. 0. Monticello ; was 
 born in Lamoille Co., Vt., in 1832. He was married to Miss Harriet Glazier, born in 
 the same county; they were married in Manchester, N. H., and came to Jones Co. in 
 March, 1853. Mr. Fairbanks' father, Adam Fairbanks, died at the home of his son 
 in the fall of 1873: Mrs. Fairbanks' mother also died there in 1863. Mr. Fairbanks 
 came to Iowa very poor ; he borrowed §50 at the time he entered the first eighty acres 
 of his present farm ; he now has about five hundred acres of land, with fine improve- 
 ments ; is engaged quite extensively in stock-raising. His children are Harriet M., 
 Clarence, Thomas, Arthur L., Charles A., Alba M.,"Mary E. and Bertha B. He has 
 been Assessor of Cass Township about a dozen terms; has also held other township 
 offices; he was Enrolling Officer of Cass Township during the war of the rebellion. 
 He and wife are members of the 31. E. Church. 
 
 TIxlIOTHY FOLEY, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born in County 
 Cork, Ireland, in 1826; he came to the United States in 1851; he traveled about 
 considerably before locating permanently ; he lived on Long Island, N. Y., for some 
 
CASS TOWNSHIP. 695 
 
 time, then went to Ohio ; thence to Michigan, and thence to Missouri ; he was for 
 some time engaged in boating on the Cumberland, Missouri and Mississippi Rivers; he 
 went to McHenry Co., 111., in 1856, where he lived till July, 1857 ; thence to Minne- 
 sota, where he lived till 1859 ; he came to Anamosa in November, 1859, where he 
 lived ten years ; in 1869, located on his present farm. He was married to Hannah 
 Healy, who was born in New York City ; they have seven children — Dennis, Catherine, 
 John, Michael, William, Edward and Annie. 
 
 MADISON FRANKS, flirmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born in 
 Licking Co., Ohio, in 1833 ; his parents, James and Elizabeth Franks, died in Ohio ; 
 Mr. Franks came to Linn Co., Iowa, about 1852, where he lived one year ; he then 
 returned to Ohio, but came back to Linn Co. in 1854, where he again remained about 
 one year. He was married, in 1857, to Elizabeth Carlisle, born in Hampshire Co., 
 Va., March 7, 1835; her parents were natives of Virginia; they settled in Clark Co., 
 Ohio, about 1836 ; then removed to Champaign Co., where they lived about ten years; 
 they removed to Logan Co. about 1848. Mr. Franks came to Jones Co. and settled on 
 his present farm in the spring of 1864. Has four children — Emma, Willie, Lavenia 
 and Dora M. ; have lost one son — Hernando Mr. and Mrs. Franks formerly belonged 
 to the United Brethren ; at present, to the Evangelical Church. 
 
 MRS. MYRTA C. HAL.E, formerly Myrta C. Kelsey, widow of Augus- 
 tus Hale, Sec. 23; P. 0. xlnamosa ; Mr. Hale was born in Ohio in 1822; when he 
 was 4 years of age, his parents removed to Glastonbury, Conn., where they had for- 
 merly lived. He was married to his present widow in 1857 ; they came to Jones Co. 
 and settled on the farm now owned by Mrs. Hale, in the fall of 1859 ; Mr. Hale died 
 March 2, 1868; Mrs. Hale has three children — John K., William A. and Carrie A.; 
 Mr. Hale had one daughter by a former marriage — Martha, now Mrs. H. H. Monroe. 
 Mrs. Hale is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, as was also her husband. 
 
 PRESLEY If ANNA, farmer. Sec. 4; P. 0. Anamosa; was born in 
 Trumbull Co., Ohio, in 1832 ; he went to Illinois in 1857 ; he came to Jones Co. in 
 1865. Was married to Miss Melvina Black, daughter of T. J. Black, of Jackson Co., 
 Iowa. His first farm was in Castle Grove Township, where he lived but a short time ; 
 he then purchased a farm of 120 acres in Sec. 9, which he still owns ; purchased the 
 farm where he now lives in 1876; this farm contains 180 acres; is engaged in stock- 
 raising. Has six children — Arthur L., Homer P., Laura, John W., Edgar E. and 
 Jgssig iV. 
 
 ORRIN R. HARVEY, farmer. Sec. 36 ; P.O. Amamosa ; was born in 
 Cortland Co., N. Y., in 1826 ; he came to Jones Co. in the foil of 1847 ; his father, 
 Amasa Harvey, came here in the spring of the same year ; Mr. Harvey lived with his 
 father, who settled in Fairview Township, till 1850. He was married in January of 
 that year to Mary J. Ryan, daughter of Ira B. Ryan ; she was born in Ohio in 1833, 
 and came to Iowa in 1840, and to Jones Co. in 1843. Mr. Harvey entered the farm 
 which he now owns in 1848, and settled thereon in the spring of 1850. They have 
 three children — Annie (now Mrs. John E. Snyder), Mary and Clara ; have lost three 
 children — Mrs. Emily Doolittle. Charles (who died in infancy) and Nellie (aged 3 years). 
 
 JAMES HELMER, farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Anamosa; was born in iMont- 
 gomery Co., N. Y., in May, 1816 ; he removed to Wyoming Co. with his parents, John 
 and Elizabeth Helmer, when he was about 7 years of age; he went to Pontiac, Mich., 
 in 1838, where he lived two years; then removed to Illinois; he came to Anamosa in 
 May, 1855, where he lived two years; he located on his present farm in April, 1857, 
 where he has .since resided. He was married to Charlotte Crippen, of Illinois ; they 
 have six children — Emily (now Mrs. J. E. Bonstel), Edwin L., Jesse F., Mae, Leona 
 and James. Mr. Helmer has 470 acres of land ; is engaged quite extensively in stock- 
 raisins. 
 
 WILLIAM C. JOSLIN, farmer, Sec. 35; P. 0. Anamosa; is a son of 
 Dr. Joslin, of Anamosa; he was born in Fairview Township, Jones Co., Dec. 25, 1843. 
 He was married to Mary A. Cafirey, who was born in the State of New York ; they have 
 three children — James C, Mary E. and Edna. Mr. Joslin has 240 acres of land. 
 
696 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 MRS. SARAH MEAD, widow of George W. Mead, Sec 36 ; P. 0. Ana- 
 mosa. Mr. Mead was born in Cortland Co., N. Y., March 22, 1820. He was mar- 
 ried to his present widow, Sarah J. Harvey, in the State of New York ; they came to 
 Jones Co. in the spring of 1847. Mr. Harvey entered the farm which Mrs. Harvey 
 now owns in the fall of that year. He enlisted in September, 1862, in the 31st I. V. 
 I. ; he was engaged in the battle of Arkansas Post, which occurred soon after he entered 
 the service ; he died of typhoid fever at Young's Point on Feb. 19, 1863. Mrs. Mead 
 was born in Chenango Co., N. Y., in 1829; she has three children — Jennie, Homer 
 H. and George \V. She lost her eldest son, Henry E., who died May 29, 1866, aged 
 17 years. She is a member of M. E. Church. 
 
 R. MITCHEIiL*, farmer, Sec. 21; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born in Allegany 
 Co., N. Y, in 1814; he removed to Illinois when he was 19 years of age; he came to 
 Jones Co. in August, 1853, and located in Cass Township, on what was known as the 
 Austin farm ; he located in Sec. 21 in April, 1866. He was married to Mrs. Elizabeth 
 A. Pitcher, who was born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y.; has five children — Z. B., Anna, 
 Carrie, Nellie and Allie. Mrs. Mitchell has one son by a former marriage — Le Roy 
 Pitcher, born in Kane Co., 111., in 1847, where his parents had removed from the State 
 of New York. The firm is now owned by the two sons, Mr. Le Roy Pitcher and 3Ir. 
 Z. B. Mitchell. 
 
 JAMES XASH, farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born in County 
 Cork, Ireland, about 1826; he came to this country in December, 1855 ; he lived near 
 Boston, Mass., for some time ; in March, 1857, he came to Anamosa; has lived in 
 Jones Co. since that time ; he was engaged to labor by the month for several years ;^ 
 has also worked several farms in Jones Co. on shares ; in September, 1868, with Mr. 
 Thomas Walters, he purchased 120 acres of their present farm; they have now 197 
 acres. Mr. Nash is unmarried ; the only relative he has in this country is Mrs. Mary 
 Norris, who resides in Linn Co. 
 
 J. M. OGDEX, farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born in Franklin Co., 
 Ohio, in 1818. He was married to Hannah M. Condit, daughter of Alvin P. Condit. 
 He came to Jones Co. in 1856 and settled on his present farm, which he had purchased 
 in 1854. Has three children — George D. (who resides in Ohio), Alvin C. and Mary 
 E.; lost one daughter — Jennie M., aged about 6 years. 
 
 MRS. MARY A, OSBORX, widow of the late Linus Osborn, resides on 
 Sec. 26; P. 0. Anamosa ; Mr. Osborn was born in Hampden Co., Mass., in 1818; he 
 came to Jones Co. in 1847, and engaged in the mercantile business with Mr. F. W. 
 Gillett. He was married in 1851 to Miss Mary A. Akers ; he settled on present farm 
 in 1857, which he had purchased soon after he came to the county ; he died June 22, 
 1877. Mrs. Osborn, daughter of Samuel and Sarah Akers, was born in Pennsylvania 
 in 1822, and came to Cedar Co., Iowa, with her parents, in 1841 ; her parents reside 
 on her farm, near her residence. Mrs. Osborn has two sons — Edwin A., born in June, 
 1858, and Frank, born in August, 1863 ; she has lost three daughters — Mattie, Ida 
 and Addle. The farm where the family reside contains 275 acres ; has a farm of 80 
 acres in Sec. 2(). 
 
 PATRICK PERRWMAN, farmer. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born 
 in County Galway, Ireland, in 1818 ; he came to the United States in 1840 ; he lived 
 in New Orleans nine years, when he came to Jones Co. ; he purchased a farm in Rich- 
 land Township, which he sold and bought the farm where he now lives. He was mar- 
 ried to Catherine Phalan, who was born in Ireland ; they have five sons and three 
 daughters — Thomas, Mary J., John, Emma, Michael, Edward, Henry and Sarah. He 
 has 170 acres of land; is a member of the Catholic Church; is Independent in. 
 politics. 
 
 JOHN PRESTON, farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born in York- 
 shire, England, in 1814; his parents, William and Ann Preston, came to the United 
 States in 1826; they settled in Marion Co., Ohio ; his father died soon after; his 
 mother died in Hardin Co., Ohio, only a few years since. Mr. Preston was married to 
 Anna Peel; they came to Jones Co. in 1854; he has owned his present farm for 
 
CASS TOWNSHIP. 697 
 
 twenty-five years ; has six children — AVilliam, Mary Ann, Theodore, Samuel, Charles 
 and George ; the latter was born in Jones Co. in 1854 ; the other children were born 
 in Ohio. Mr. Preston has 400 acres of land ; is engaged in general farming. 
 
 liUCIAN C. RICE, flirmer, Sec. 1 ; P. O" Monticello ; was born in Alle- 
 gany Co., N. Y., in 1835 ; he came to Jones Co. with his parents, Gilbert and Remem- 
 brance Rice, in the fall of 1852; his father settled in Monticello Township, where he 
 still resides. He was married to Mary E. Moulton, daughter of Aaron and Rebecca 
 Moulton, now residents of Nebraska. Mr. Rice lived in Monticello Township until he 
 purchased his present farm, in the fall of 1868. Has three children — Edwin, Roy and 
 Charles. 
 
 STEPHEN SAHS, former. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born in Ohio 
 in 1837 ; he came to Jones Co. with his parents, Edward and Cassa Sams, in 1842 ; 
 his father died in 1853; his mother died April 28, 1878. He was married to Mary 
 J. Wagner, daughter of William and Mary J. Wagner, early settlers of Jones Co. 
 Mr. Sams has six children — Luella R., Elbert E., Harvey L., Milton A., Oliver G. and 
 Mary J. Mr. S. has 170 acres of land. 
 
 SILAS SAMS, farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. O. Anamosa ; was born in Highland 
 Co., Ohio, in 1826 ; his parents, Edward and Cassa Sams, came to Des Moines Co., 
 Iowa, in 1840 ; they came to Jones Co. in 1842, and located in Cass Township; his 
 
 father died in ; his mother died in April, 1878. Mr. Sams was married to 
 
 Sarah Faust ; they have five children — Margaret, Lydia, Charles, Ezra and Elva. Mr. 
 Sams' family was one of the first to settle in Jones Township. His farm contains 140 
 acres. 
 
 GEORGE B. STEVENS, farmer, Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Anamosa; born in Otsego 
 Co., N. Y., in 1826; removed with his parents to Cortland, N. Y., about 1846; he 
 removed to Indiana in 1854; he came to Anamosa in August, 1856, where he lived 
 about fifteen years; purchased his present farm in 1871, where he has since resided. 
 He was married to Lucetta Harvey, daughter of Amasa Harvey ; have an adopted son, 
 Georse. Mr. Stevens' farm contains 80 acres. 
 
 AUGUSTUS C. STICKLE, farmer, Sec. 15; P. 0. Anamosa ; was 
 born in Berkshire Co., Mass., in 1840 ; his parents, J. P. and Esther Stickle, removed 
 to New Jersey in 1848. Mr. Stickle began teaching in 1855, which he continued till 
 the breaking-out of the rebellion. He enlisted in the 70th N. Y. \'. I., April 17, 
 1861 ; he remained with this regiment until February, 1863, when he was promoted to 
 a 2d Lieutenancy in 3d N. J. V. C; he was soon after promoted to a 1st Lieutenancy in 
 same regiment, and to ofi&ce of Adjutant in May, 1865 ; he was mustered out of the 
 service as Captain on May 3, 1865 ; Mr. Stickle was in most of the campaigns of the 
 Army of the Potomac ; was in McClellan's peninsular campaign ; was in Burnside and 
 Hooker's campaign, while these oflBcers were in command of the Army of the Potomac ; 
 was at the battle of Gettysburg, in the battle of the Wilderness and the siege of Peters- 
 burg ; during the latter part of the war, was under Custer and Sheridan. After the 
 close of the war, he engaged in the mercantile business at West Milfurd, N. J. He 
 was married to Miss Mary L. Coocke, native of New Jersey ; have three children — 
 Minnie, Hortie and Bertha. Came to Iowa in 1866, and located in Anamosa; in 1867, 
 he and his wife went as missionaries to the freedmen of Arkansas, under the auspices of 
 the American Missionary Association. They returned, after one year, and located on 
 present farm, where he has since resided, except about three months, during which he 
 was editor of the Olin Times. Mr. Stickle's farm contains 160 acres. 
 
 MIL.O C. THOMPSON, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Anamosa; was born in 
 Dutchess Co., N. Y., in 1813, where he lived till 18 years of age; then removed to 
 Ontario Co., where he lived about eight years; thence to Livingston Co., where he 
 lived three years ; also lived in Genesee Co. about seven years. He was married to 
 Ellen Gage, born in Bradford, Mass., at the time of their marriage a resident of Genesee 
 Co.; after their marriage, Mr. Thompson removed to New Hampshire, where he lived 
 about four years ; thence to Rockford, 111.; he came to Jones Co. in June, 1855, and pur- 
 chased a farm in Sec. 10 ; he purchased his present farm of Mr. J. S. Condit, in 
 
698 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 February, 1865; has three children — Ella (now Mrs. Frank N. Bagley), Mary (now 
 Mrs. Georjxe Ketchuni) and Sadie. 
 
 HIRAM P. W1LL.COX, farmer, Sec. 3; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in 
 Michitraii in 18-4-t; he caiue to Anamosa, in 1864, with his parents, Lyman and Caro- 
 line Wilcox. He married Miss Ellen Cook, whose parents were early settlers of Linn 
 Co., Iowa; they have two children — Darius and Ada J. 
 
 CASTLE GROVE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 LiUCIUS AL.L.EX, farmer, Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in Herki- 
 mer Co., N. Y., in 1837 ; his parents, James and Mary Allen, removed to Ohio about 
 1838 ; they came to Jones Co. in 1855, and settled at Castle Grove Township ; they 
 now reside in Cherokee Co., Iowa. Mr. Allen purchased his present farm in 1869. 
 He was married to Harriet Ely, who was born in Pennsylvania ; they have seven chil- 
 dren — Rosa, Etta, Harvey, Mary, Joseph, Emma and Lucius. Mr. Allen has 190 
 acres of land. 
 
 LEVI BERLIN, proprietor of Castle Grove Mills, Castle Grove; born in 
 Westmoreland Co., Penn.,in 1827 ; he removed to Mercer Co., Penn., about 1847 ; in 
 1864, he came to Jones Co. and purchased a farm in Sec. 2, Castle Grove Township ; 
 in 1872, he and Mr. S. R. Stanbaugh built the mill, which is now owned by Mr. Ber- 
 lin ; this mill is known as the Castle Grove Mill ; it cost about 810.000, has two run 
 of stone, with a capacity of about one hundred bushels of wheat per day. Mr. Ber- 
 lin married Miss Sarah Eberhart; their children are Sarah A., Emma P., Paul E.. 
 Calvin T., Clara, Baden B. and Kate. 
 
 JOSHUA R. CLARK, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Monticello; born in Jef- 
 ferson Co., Ohio, in 1808 ; he came to Jones Co. in 1840 ; his first permanent settle- 
 ment was where he now lives, where he located in 1842. His first wife was Caroline 
 Spencer; she died in 1859; his second wife was Mrs. Julia Ann Scott; his third and 
 present wife was Mrs. Catherine Schafer. Mr. Clark has seven children by first mar- 
 riage and one by second ; his farm contains 200 acres of land. 
 
 DAXIEL DEISCHER, farmer. Sec. 30; P. 0. Monticello; was born 
 in Berks Co., Penn., in 1826 ; he removed to Illinois in 1845, and came to Jones Co. 
 in 1856, and .settled on the farm which he now owns and which he had purchased 
 about two years previous to that time. He was married to Sarah Anoman, a native of 
 Pennsylvania; have seven children — Anna, Flora, Mary A., John, Newton, Wesley 
 and Howard ; lost one daughter — lizzie. Mr. Deischer belongs to the Evangelical 
 Church ; is a Republican in politics. Has 385 acres of land. 
 
 H. B. EVERHART, former, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Grove Creek, Delaware Co.; 
 was born in Mercer Co., Penn., in 1826. He was married in 1847 to Caroline Kirk, 
 who was born in Mahoning Co., Ohio, in 18li9 ; they have eight children — Mary A., 
 Sarah E., Ellen A., Melvina E., Rayen K., Charles R., Jennie A. and Eva L. Mr. 
 Everhart came to Jones Co. March 18, 1864, and settled on his present farm ; he has 
 405 acres of land, and is engaged principally in dairying and stock-raising. Mr. Eyer- 
 luirt and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church ; he is politically a Republican. 
 
 TH0:!IAS €}ALLIGAN, farmer. Sec. 15; P. 0. Monticello; was born 
 in County Caveu, Ireland, in 1807 ; he came to this country in July, 1834 ; he settled 
 in Vermont, where he lived about one year ; he then moved to the State of New York, 
 where he lived about four years ; he came to Jones Co. in 1837, and settled on present 
 farm about 1846. He married Nancy Stevenson, who was born in Ireland Dec. 25, 
 1811 ; they have three children — John, William and James; lost two children — Eliza- 
 beth, aged 7 years, and the second was also named Elizabeth, aged 18 years. 
 
 ABRAHA9I CwEHR, farmer, Sec. 35; P. 0. Monticello; was born in 
 Cnuvford Co., Penn., Oct. 9, 1811. He was married in 1831 to Caroline Cole, of 
 
CASTLE GROVE TOWNSHIP. 699 
 
 the same county ; removed to Lawrence Co. in 1854 ; in 1855, to Mercer Co.; he 
 removed to Jones Co., Iowa, in the fall of 1864, and bought the farm which he now 
 owns of Horace Gill. Mrs. Grehr died Aug. 12, 1869. Mr. Gehr has four children — 
 Cynthia E. (now Mrs. M. H. Walker), Wilmina D. (now Mrs. Michael Berlin), Almira 
 E. (now Mrs. Edward West), and Mary A. (now Mrs. John Yousy). Mr. Gehr was 
 married to Mrs. Polly A. Hubbard in April, 1874; she was born in Broome Co., N. 
 Y., in 1820 ; her former husband was Mr. George Hubbard, by whom she had five 
 children, only two of whom reached adult age — Lotte (who married Mr. Joseph Rood, 
 and died in 1870j, and Josepli Hubbard (who died in May, 1877). 
 
 LEVI G. HILDRETH, farmer. Sec. 36; P. 0. Monticello ; born in New 
 Hampshire in 1837 ; he worked at his trade, that of carpenter and joiner, at Monti- 
 cello, for about ten years; he built the first house in Marvel's Addition in that town. 
 He married Nancy Moore, daughter of David Moore, of Castle Grove Township. 
 Purchased his present farm in 1866, where he located in 1868. Has two children — 
 Frank, born January, 1868, and Herman, born February, 1875. Mr. Hildreth has 
 1 20 acres of land ; is engaged principally in stock-raising. 
 
 J. H. HOPKINS, merchant, and proprietor of Church Hill Creamery ; was 
 born in Canada in 1844 ; his parents, Thomas and Mary Hopkins, were natives of Ire- 
 land ; they came to Jone Co. in 1854 ; Mr. J. H. Hopkins drove a four-horse team 
 across the plains to California in 1864 ; he returned in 1871 ; engaged in farming in 
 Delaware Co. till the spring of 1876, when he engaged in the mercantile business, 
 where he is now located. He has a fine creamery adjacent to his store, with a capacity 
 of 10,000 pounds of milk per day. He was married to Miss E. M. Kehoe ; they have 
 five children — Mary A., Ellen M., Frank, Margarette M. and Elizabeth. Mr. Hopkins 
 has two brothers, Patrick, a stock and grain dealer of Plymouth Co., and James, 
 Sheriff of Plymouth Co.; another brother, Thomas, died in Castle Grove Township 
 in February, 1879 ; he has one sister, Mrs. Ann Burnight ; Mr. Hopkins still owns his 
 farm in Delaware Co. 
 
 CLARK HUBBARD, farmer. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in 
 New Hampshire in 1824; he went to Boston, Mass., in 1849, where he lived sixteen 
 years, engaged in the express business ; in May, 1858, he came to Jones Co. and 
 erected a house on his present farm, which he had purchased some time previous ; he 
 then relumed to Boston ; he located on his farm in the fall of 1864. He was married 
 in March, 1854, to Ann S. Morse, of North Jay, Maine; they have five children — Ernest 
 B., Stephen E., Sarah L., Edith and Henry C; his wife died Oct. 11, 1875. His 
 present wife was Sarah J. Livingston, native of New York State ; Mr. Hubbard has 
 290 acres of land ; engaged principally in stock-raising ; he gives considerable attention to 
 growing fruit ; he has on his farm a fine young orchard of apple trees, numbering about 
 two hundred; to this orchard he has given much attention, both as to selection and 
 cultivation ; probably a finer orchard of an equal number of trees cannot be found in 
 Jones Co.; has also other kinds of fruit, as pears, etc. 
 
 ELIJAH HUBBARD, farmer. Sec. 26; P. 0. Monticello; born in 
 Cheshire Co., N. H., in 1822 ; afterward removed to Worcester Co.; he came to Ana- 
 mosa in 1858 ; he settled on the farm now owned by his brother, Clark Hubbard. He 
 was married to Miss R. Swan ; she died in Worcester Co., Mass.; his present wife was 
 Miss M. Redman, of Ohio ; had one child by first marriage, now deceased ; has two 
 children by present wife — Ida B. and John A. Mr. Hubbard has 146 acres of land. 
 He is a Republican in politics. 
 
 REV. J. G. JOHNSON, Pastor of the Baptist Church, Castle Grove ; 
 was born in Delaware Co., Penn., in 1844; he was educated in Pennsylvania, and at 
 Taylor's Scientific and Commercial School at Wilmington, Del.; he began preaching in 
 1874 ; his first charge was at Brighton, Washington Co., Iowa; second at New Haven 
 Church, Washington Co.; he located at Castle Grove in June, 1879. He was married 
 to Anna M. Holstun, of Delaware ; they have two children — Mary E. and Maggie. 
 
 F. KNOMMINGA, farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Castle Grove ; born in Hanover, 
 Germany, in 1841 ; he came to Jones Co. in 1867 ; he settled on his present farm in 
 
 y 
 
700 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 the fall of 1868. He was married to Margaret Hobbs, who was born in Wisconsin ; 
 they have four children — Udo, Mary, Lena and Edward. Mr. K. has 80 acres of land. 
 He and wife are members of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 EDWARD ]HOORE, farmer, Sec. 10; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in 
 Richland Township, Jones Co., in November, 1849 ; his father, William Moore, was a 
 native of the Isle of Man ; he died Jan. 2, 1877 ; his mother was born in Missouri. 
 He was married to Eli^a Barnhart; they have two children — Ina and Willis. Mr. 
 Moore has 290 acres of land ; is engaged in dairying. 
 
 E. R. aiURDOCK, farmer, Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in Del- 
 aware Co., N. Y., in 1824 ; when he was 10 years of age, his father removed to Tioga 
 Co., Penn., where he lived till 32 years of age ; he then went to Wisconsin, where he 
 lived till the fall of 1862, when he came to Jones Co., and settled on his present farm ; 
 he has 135 acres of land. 
 
 GEORGE HIIRPHY, farmer. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Monticello : born in Liver- 
 pool, Eng., in 1844; his parents came to New Orleans the same year; in 1845, they 
 removed to Cincinnati, where they lived about four years ; they came to Jones Co. in 
 1850, and settled in Castle Grove Township ; his father lives with him ; his mother has 
 been dead several years. Mr. Murphy was married to Margaret Atkins ; they have six 
 children — Charles, Mary, Joanna, Lena, Frances and Ellen. Mr. Murphy has 166 J 
 acres of land ; be.sides farming, he is engaged in the manufacture of lime. 
 
 HENRY XI€KOL, farmer. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Castle Grove ; born in Saxony 
 in 1827; he emigrated to this country in June, 1854; he lived in Aurora, Ind., one 
 year, where he worked at his trade, that of a shoemaker ; he came to Anamosa about 
 1856, where he worked at his trade about four years ; he bought a farm in Linn Co., 
 where he lived about one year ; lived in Cass Township two years ; came to his pres- 
 ent location in 1863, but removed to Bowen's Prairie after two years; thence to Ne- 
 braska for one season ; returned to Jones Co., and located permanently on his present 
 farm. He was married to Sarah Shuper, of Pennsylvania ; they have four children — 
 Charlotte, Mary, Jane, Albert and Frank. He has 120 acres of land. 
 
 li. F. SCOTT, farmer. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Castle Grove ; was born in Vermilion 
 Co., Ind., in 1833; his parents, John and Lizzie Scott, removed to Illinois in 1844, 
 and to Buchanan Co., Iowa, in 1847 ; his mother died in 1849 ; his father came to 
 Jones Co. in 1850 ; he died in 1856. Mr. L. F. Jones went overland to California in 
 in 1853, where he engaged in mining; he returned to Jones Co. in 1855. He was 
 married to Catharine Auman ; they have one child — Frank A. In 1864. Mr. Scott 
 returned with his family to California; he settled in Fo.sterbar Township, Napa Co., and 
 engaged in farming ; he returned to Jones Co. in May, 1875 ; he located where he now 
 resides the same year. Mr. Scott has written a very interesting account of his trips to 
 California, which contains much valuable and entertaining reading. He has sixty acres 
 of land and owns a half-interest in the Keystone Creamery, Castle Grove Township. 
 
 BENJAMIN SE ARLEIS, farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Castle Grove ; born in 
 Lake Co., Ohio, in 1821; he went to Sheboygan Co., Wis., in the fall of 1846 ; he returned 
 to Ohio in 1848. He was married to Lucretia Cunningham ; returned to Sheboygan 
 Co., where he remained till 1853, when he removed to Dane Co.; his wife died in 1865 ; 
 he came to Jones Co. and located on his present farm in October, 1874. His present 
 wife was Mrs. Caroline Thomp.son. Mr. Searles has five children by his first marriage 
 — Ada, Gilbert, Abbie, Benjamin and Lucretia. His present wife has four children by 
 her former marriage — Lucy, Libbie, Josephine and P]lla. Mr. Searles has 150 acres 
 of land. Members of the Baptist Church. 
 
 JOHN STAFFORD, farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Castle Grove ; was born in 
 Ireland in 1827 ; he came to the United States in 1849 ; he lived in Ohio five years ; 
 he entered his present farm in 1854, where he settled in 1861. He was married to 
 Ellen Atkins, who was born in Liverpool, Eng. His farm contains 260 acres of land. 
 
 JESSE STARR, farmer. Sec. 28; P. 0. Castle Grove; was born in Penn- 
 sylvania Dec. 31, 1803 : his father removed to Canada in 1804 ; his father belonged tu 
 the Society of Quakers. Mr. Starr removed to Dane Co., Wis., in 1853 ; he came to 
 
CLAY TOWNSHIP. 701 
 
 Jones Co. in 1862 and settled where he now lives. Mr. Starr is living with his fourth 
 wife ; his first was a daughter of Elder William Marsh, of Canada ; his second was 
 Lucinda Groat; his third, Mrs. Susan J. Howard; his present wife was Mrs. Elvira 
 Baker. Mr. Starr has six sons and six daughters, five children by his second wife and 
 seven by his third, all but one of whom have professed religion, and all but two are 
 members of the Baptist Church. 
 
 WILLIAM M. ISTARR, farmer, Sec. 29 ; P.. 0. Castle Grove ; was 
 born in Canada in July, 1827 ; he removed to Dane Co., Wis., in 1853 ; he came to 
 Jones Co. in 1860 and settled on his present farm. He was married to Harriet A. 
 Varden. born in New Brunswick ; they have four children — Henrietta, Margarette A., 
 Thomas V. and Hattie. Mr. Starr gives considerable attention to the raising of fine 
 stock ; makes a specialty of the Clydesdale stock of horses. He has 260 acres of land. 
 
 ISAAC SWEESY, farmer. Sec. 6; P. 0. Grove Creek, Delaware Co.; 
 born in Mercer Co., Penn., in 1825; he came to Iowa in the spring of 1845 ; he lived 
 in Jackson Co. ten years ; he then removed to Scotch Grove Township, Jones Co., 
 where he also lived about ten years ; he located where he now lives in the spring of 
 1865. He was married to Rebecca N. King, born in Mercer Co., Penn. ; her parents 
 came to Jackson Co., Iowa, about 1842 ; have 9 children — Retta, Ansel U., Ross, 
 William K., Ella, Freddie G., Cora, Mina and Ida. Mr. Sweesy has 186 acres of land. 
 He and wife are members of the U. B. Church. 
 
 EDWARD TROY, farmer, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Grove Creek, Delaware Co.; 
 was born in Kings Co., Ireland, about 1819 ; he left Dublin on the 22d of April, 1844, 
 for Quebec, and arrived on the 27th of May ; from Quebec he went to Montreal ; 
 engaged on canal work for about one and a half years ; he then went to New York 
 City ; thence to Philadelphia ; again to New York, where he enlisted ; this was in 
 1846, at the breaking-out of the Mexican war; was soon after sent to New Orleans; 
 was finally placed in Co. K, 6th U. S. Inf., afterward, was transferred to Co. I, of the 
 same regiment ; he served five years in the regular army, most of that time among the 
 different tribes of Indians in the Indian Territory ; he assisted in the building of Fort 
 Kearney ; was discharged Oct. 18, 1850 ; located on the farm where he now lives about 
 1852. He was married to Hanora MuUady ; her parents were early settlers in Jones 
 Co.; they have one daughter and six sons — Mary, Richard, Patrick, Edward, John, 
 Michael and William ; have lost six children. Mr. Troy has 320 acres of land. He 
 and family are members of the Catholic Church. 
 
 SAMUEL VAN FLEET, farmer. Sec. 26 : P. 0. Monticello ; was born 
 in Wayne Co., N. Y., in 1837 ; he came to Jones Co. in the spring of 1857 and settled 
 in Monticello, where he worked at his trade (that of a carpenter); in 1868, he 
 purchased and settled on his present farm. His parents came to Jones Co. in 1861 ; 
 his father died in 1866 ; his mother lives with him. 
 
 CLAY TOWNSHIP. 
 
 DEARBORN B. BEAN, farmer, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Clayford ; was born in 
 Grant Co., N. H., in 1835 ; he came to Jones Co. in 1857, and settled in Scotch Grove 
 Township; settled where he now lives in 1860. He was married to Elizabeth Slater, 
 daughter of B. C. Slater, who came from the State of New York and settled in Clay 
 Township in 1854; his wife died in 1876 ; he now resides with his son-in-law. Mr. 
 B. has sixty acres of land. 
 
 P. C. BLACK MER, farmer, Sec. — ; P. 0. Onslow ; was born in Enfield, 
 Mass., in 1848. At the breaking-out of the war of the rebellion in 1861, he enlisted 
 in Springfield, Mass., in Co. I, 27th Mass. V. I. ; participated in a number of hard- 
 fought battles, and was honorably discharged at the close of the war. In the latter 
 part of 1865, he went to Kendall Co., 111., where his parents (Luke and Huldah 
 
702 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Blackmer) lived, and remained in that county until 1867, when he came to this 
 (Jones) county. July 4, 1871, he married Roseltha Eckler ; their children are Will- 
 iam E., Alice J. and Charlie L. Mr. Blackmer and wife are members of the Free- 
 Will Baptist Church ; in politics, Mr. B. is a strong Republican. He is extensively 
 engaged in farming, and is a man of much enterprise. 
 
 EHERSON E. BROWN, farmer, Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Onslow ; was born in 
 Springfield, Vt., March 30, 1828 ; when 22 years of age, he went to California, where 
 he remained three years, returning to Vermont in May, 1853 ; he came to Jones Co. 
 in the fall of that year. He was married to Gratia Allbee ; they have eight children — 
 Forest W. (who married Miss Flora E. Lawton), Prairie F. (married Mary E. Barn- 
 hill), Mary L.. Ada L., Leverett E., Carlton E., Gratia S. and Susie H. Mr. Brown 
 has held various township oflBces — Trustee, Assessor, County Supervisor, etc. Has a 
 finely improved farm of 270 acres. 
 
 W. H. CHATTERTOBf, farmer, Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Onslow ; was born in 
 Rutland Co., Vt., Jan. 17, 1812. He married first wife, Miss M. Foote, in Middle- 
 bury, Vt., in June, 1838 ; immediately after their marriage, they removed to Clinton 
 Co., N. Y., where they resided until 1868, when they emigrated to this (Jones') 
 county ; his first wife died in Beekmantown, N. Y. ; he married his present wife, Hul- 
 dah E. Humphrey, in Addison, Vt. ; of the children by the first marriage, there is one 
 living — Henry P. ; he was Corporal during the war of the rebellion in the 118th N. Y. 
 V. I., and the record of that regiment .shows that he was a good .soldier; he married 
 Miss Alice Humphrey, and resides in Hale Township, this county ; by Mr. Chatter- 
 ton's second marriage there are three children — Allen S., Hiram L. and Royal W. ; 
 Mrs. Chatterton's children by her first husband, Mr. Humphrey, are two — Alice (now 
 the wife of Henry P. Chatterton), Josephine (the wife of L. J. Richards, a leading 
 merchant at Wyoming, this county. Mr. C. and wife are members of the Presbyterian 
 Church, in which church he is an active and influential worker ; in politics, he is a 
 Republican. He has been elected to various offices, and has taken a leading part in 
 public affairs. Owns a well-improved farm of about one hundred acres, finely located. 
 
 JOHIV DEXNISOX, farmer. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Onslow ; was born in County 
 Antrim, Ireland, in 1833 ; he came to the United States in 1851 ; he lived in Connect- 
 icut till April, 1852, when he went to Minnesota, where he remained but a short time ; 
 thence to Dubuque; came to Jones Co. in May, 1852; in February, 1853, he entered 
 forty acres of timbered land in Sec. 11 ; in March of the same year, he bought a claim 
 of forty acres adjoining that which he entered, where he settled in 1858 ; his farm now 
 contains two hundred and forty acres. He was married to Matilda Campbell, born in 
 County Antrim, Ireland ; they have five children — John, Agnes J., Mary M., Eliza- 
 beth M. and Anna L. In 1867, Mr. Dennison visited his native land; was absent 
 about six months. He is one of the substantial farmers of Clay Town.ship. 
 
 WIIiEIAM ECKLER, farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Clay Mills ; is a native o 
 Herkimer Co., N. Y. ; was born in 1824. He married, in his native county, Mis, 
 Susan M. Hall; in 185(1, they came to Iowa and settled in this (Clay) township, and 
 it has been their home ever since; their children are William A. (who married Char 
 lotte Wilcox, and resides in Taylor Co., Iowa), Jane A. (now the wife of George 
 Hannas ; he was a soldier in the army of the Union during the war of the rebellion), 
 Roseltha (wife of P. C. Blackmer ; he also served in the Union army during the war), 
 Josephine (now Mrs. A. Robinson), James A. Mr. Eckler and wife are members of 
 the Free-Will Baptist Church, in which church he is a member of the Board of Trust- 
 ees and is also Treasurer; politically, Mr. E. acts with the Republican party. His 
 farm consists of 212 acres of land, and the improvements thereon are among the best 
 in Jones Co. Mr. Eckler has been elected to several offices of honor and trust, all of 
 which he discharged the duties of with credit to himself and general satisfaction to the 
 public. All his life, he has been very liberal in support of religious and educational 
 institutions. 
 
 JONATHAN AND JOHN FADJLEY, farmers, P. 0. Onslow ; Jona- 
 than was born in Knox Co., Ohio, in 1825. Married to Loretta J. Jewitt ; have five 
 
CLAY TOWNSHIP. 703 
 
 children — Jared W., Lizzie E., Ida M., Dyer D. and Hattie A. John was born in 
 Knox Co. in 1831. Was married to Harriet M. Jewitt, who died in July, 1877. 
 These gentlemen are brothers, who came to Jackson Co. with their mother, in 1852, 
 where they lived about four years; in 1856, came to Jones Co., and settled in Clay 
 Township; in the spring of 1864, settled where they now live ; their present farm 
 contains about 200 acres. 
 
 JOSEPH FRENCH, farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Canton ; was born in Greene 
 Co., Penn., in 1823 ; in 1830, he removed with his parents to Licking Co., Ohio, wuere 
 he lived until 1846, when he moved to Clay Township, Jones Co., Iowa ; in 1849, he 
 went to Noble Co., Ind., and there married his first wife. Miss Catherine Sinkey ; in 
 1852, they removed to where he now resides and remained one year, then moved to 
 Brandon Township, Jackson Co., where his first wife died ; there were two children by 
 this marriage — Charlotte (now the wife of Richard Demo.ss, Jackson Co., Iowa), Ange- 
 line (now Mrs. Andrew Gracey, of this township) ; in the latter part of 1854, Mr. 
 French returned to Clay Township, and, in 1856, married his present wife, Gracie C. 
 Beaver; their children are William N. fwhs married Agnes Orr), Mary J., James M., 
 Sarah J. and Amanda A. Mr. French owns 240 acres of land ; his farm is finely 
 improved, and he is one of the well-to-do farmers of Clay Township. In politics, Mr. 
 F. is a Democrat. 
 
 JAMES McDANIEL, farmer, Sec. 32; P. 0. Onslow; was born in 
 Frederick Co., Md., in 1815 ; while he was a child, his parents emigrated to Knox Co., 
 Ohio, where he received a liberal education. He married, in Knox Co., Miss C. Allison 
 a native of Geauga Co., Ohio ; in 1855, they emigrated to Iowa and settled in Jones 
 Co., which has been their home since. Their children are David A., who was a sol- 
 dier in the 24th I. V. I. during the war of the rebellion, and was wounded near Win- 
 chester ; he married Miss E. Gates ; they now live in Missouri. Orlando, he also 
 fought to sustain the Union in the war of the rebellion ; he served in the 9th I. V. I. ; 
 was discharged on account of severe wounds received at Pea Ridge ; he married Miss 
 C. Lightfoot, and lives in Clay Township. Elizabeth, now the wife of T. C. Bester, 
 Thayer Co., Neb. ; he was a soldier in active service during the war of the rebellion ; 
 and James W. Mr. McDaniel, the subject of this sketch, is a " straight '" Republican ; 
 he has taken a lively interest in public affairs, and, as a consequence, has been elected 
 to various offices of honor and trust ; in all of them he has left a clear record ; he owns 
 230 acres of land, and is one of Clay's most enterprising citizens. 
 
 OHL.ANOO McD ANIEL,, farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Onslow ; was born in 
 Knox Co., Ohio, in 1840 ; in 1855, emigrated to this (Jones) county with his parents, 
 James and Cyrene McDaniel; at the breaking-out of the war of the rebellion, he 
 enlisted in Co. D, 9th I. V. I.; was severely wounded at Pea Ridge, and was discharged 
 on account of said wounds. Dec. 1, 1863, he married at Anamosa, Iowa, Miss C. E. 
 Lightfoot, a native of Marion Co., Ind. Mr. McDaniel is a Republican in politics ; 
 he is 2d Lieutenant of a company of national guards known as the Johnstown Com- 
 pany. He is engaged in farming to quite an extent, and is a thorough go-ahead man 
 as well a puoli'j-spiritod citizen. 
 
 A. P. ORMSBY, farmer, Sec. 19; P. 0. Onslow; was born in St. Law- 
 rence Co., N. Y., Nov. 22, 1833 ; in 1855, he came to Canton, Iowa, where he engaged 
 in the grocery trade Feb. 27, 1861. He married in Dubuque. Iowa, Miss C. J. Han- 
 na, a native of Pennsylvania. In 1870, they removed to where they now reside. Mr. 
 Ormsby is a Republican in politics ; he takes a live interest in religious and educational 
 matters, and has filled various school and church offices ; himself and wife are members 
 of the Presbyterian Church. He owns a finely improved farm of 140 acres; he takes 
 considerable interest in the improving of the finer breeds of horses, and owns some that 
 are unequaled in the State of Iowa. 
 
 L.YMAX OSBORN, farmer, Sec. 31; P. 0. Onslow; born May 26, 1827, 
 in Orleans Co., N. Y.; in 1848, came to Wisconsin ; in 1867, he came to Jones Co.; 
 he owns 160 acres of land. He enlisted in 1864, in Co. I, 47th Wis. V. I.; served to 
 the end of the war. Married Mary Asher in 1849; she was born in 1833, in New 
 
704 biographicat' sketches: 
 
 York; died May 26, 1870; have five children — Ellen M., now 3Irs. Reade ; Orrin, 
 Merritt, Frank and Lucy. Second marriage to Mrs. Page Nov. 13, 1876 ; she was 
 born in New York ; she has two children by a former marriage — Eddie and William. 
 Republican; Presbyterian. 
 
 HON. JOHN RUSSELL. ; P. 0. Onslow; Senator-elect of the Twenty- 
 third Senatorial District, comprising the counties of Jones and Cedar, Iowa ; is a resident 
 of Clay Township, Jones Co., and was born Oct. 8, 1821, in Fifeshire,. Scotland; he is 
 the sen Oi" Robert Russell and Mary Williams, both natives of Fifeshire, Scotland ; his 
 father was a contractor and stone-mason ; he was a stanch Presbyterian, a man of origi- 
 nal thought and scientific research — a valued citizen. His mother was possessed of 
 sterling qualities and great force of character ; both have long since gone to the Prom- 
 ised Land. The generations of Jiussells for five centuries have found their last rest- 
 ing-places in " God's Acre" at Fifeshire. The subject of this sketch, who is one of 
 the four sons of Robert, came to America and landed at New York May 29, 1842, and 
 immediately proceeded to Pittsburgh, Penn.. where he had an uncle ; he remained at 
 Pitt.sburgh about a year, working at his trade of stonemason on the new water-works, 
 then being built. In 1843, he removed to Columbiana Co., Ohio, where, with his own 
 capital and some friendly aid, he went into mercantile business and there continued till 
 1852. On the 29th of November, 1849, he was married to Miss Margaret Feehan, a 
 native of Columbiana Co., Ohio. In 1852, in pursuance of a long-cherished plan, he 
 and his family came West and located on his present farm, in Clay Township, Jones 
 Co., Iowa. Thev have four children, three sons and a daughter — Robert W., born 
 Dec. 16, 1850; "'john F., born Aug. 12, 1852 ; David W., born May 14, 1855, and 
 Lizzie, born on the 12th of February, 1857. Robert W. was married to Julia Shunk 
 in December, 1876, and resides at Des Moines, Iowa, where he is in charge of the 
 Insurance Department in the office of the State Auditor. John F. is in business in 
 Des Moines ; the other two children are at home. Mr. Russell has a farm of 200 acres 
 in one of the most fertile sections of the State. In early life, he was a Democrat, but 
 has always been Anti-Slavery in sentiment ; in 1854, he was efficient in organizing pub- 
 lic sentiment in opposition to the encroachments of slavery, as embodied in the Kansas- 
 Nebraska Bill. He has held most of the offices within the gift of his fellow-townsmen. 
 In 1861, he was elected a member of the Greneral Assembly, and was re-elected four 
 successive times, being the only man in this State who ever served five consecutive 
 terms in the General Assembly. He was Speaker of the House in 1868, and, by the 
 impartial discharge of his duties, won respect of both parties and became favorably 
 known throughout the State. In 1870, he was elected State Auditor of Iowa, and 
 was re-elected in 1872. At the expiration of his second term as Auditor, in January, 
 1875, he returned to his farm, and for nearly five years has followed the quiet walks of 
 private citizenship. In October, 1879, he was elected to the State Senate from the 
 district comprising his own and Cedar Counties, and will enter upon his official duties 
 in January, 1880. Early environment and the laws of heredity proclaim him a 
 thoroughbred Scotch Presbyterian ; nevertheless, he is not a member of any church 
 organization nor of any secret society — " belongs to nobody but the Republican party." 
 He is a " Stalwart of the Stalwarts " — Zach Chandler and Ben Wade being his 
 models of patriotic statesmanship. As a public man, his strength does not lie in ora- 
 tory, nor in literary display nor in caucus manipulation, but he is popular with the peo- 
 ple because of his strict integrity, practical judgment and sound common sense ; per- 
 sonally plain but affiible, unassuming but reliable, he has been crowned by the people 
 with official honors and the proud title of " Honest John." 
 
 STEPHEN R. STREEPER, farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Onslow ; was born 
 in Montgomery, Penn., Jan. 14, 1819. He was married, July 1, 1843, to Isabella H. 
 Todd, who was born in Montgomery Co. in 1821. They removed to Indiana in 1844, 
 where they lived about sixteen years ; they came to Jones Co. in 1860 and settled on 
 present farm, which Mr. Streeper had entered in 1854 ; they have eight children — 
 Hannah M. (now Mrs. J. T. Johnson), resides in Guthrie Co., Iowa ; William T. (mar- 
 ried Miss Jennie Gowing), lives in Guthrie Co. ; James M. (married Miss Sade Coder), 
 
CLAY TOWNSHIP. 705 
 
 resides in Hancock Co., Iowa ; Stephen P. ; Arabella H. (married Mr. Merritt Osborn), 
 lives in Minnesota; Robert H., Bernard W. and Sheridan Grant. Mr. Streeper is one 
 of the substantial farmers of Jones Co. ; his farm contains 155 acres. He and wife 
 belong to the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 W. N. TIPPETT, Clay Mills; was born in Licking Co., Ohio, in 1832. 
 He married, in his native county, Miss Julia N. Harris Jan. 12, 1853; in 1856, they 
 came West and located in Clay Township, Jones Co., which has been their home since, 
 with the exception of two years they lived at Scotch Grove ; their children are Mary 
 E., the wife of M. B. Walters; Victoria M., the wife of Joseph French, Jr. ; Arabel 
 P. and Elizabeth. Mr. Tippett and wife are members of the Free- Will Baptist Church, 
 in which Church he has held various offices, and has taken an active part in its advance- 
 ment. Mr. T. is a Republican ; he is a member of the Masonic Fraternity at Cascade, 
 Iowa ; he was Township Trustee two years, and at present he fills the office of School 
 Secretary ; he is Clerk of the Free- Will Baptist Church, a position he has filled since 
 1877. 
 
 M. C W ALiTJERS, a prominent and well-known citizen of Jones Co., Iowa, 
 was born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., in 1820 ; was educated at Fairfield Academy. He 
 married, in his native county. Miss Marietta Hall ; in 1849, they removed to Geauga 
 Co., Ohio, and there lived until 1852, in the autumn of which year they emigrated to 
 this (Jones) county, and settled in Clay Township; their children were six — M. B.,who 
 married Miss M. E. Tippett; Mary E., now the wife of H. 0. Shike ; Esther M., mar- 
 ried Steven Carr ; Emma A., deceased ; Aurelia, died in infancy ; Roseltha, deceased. 
 Mr. Walters and family are members of the Free- Will Baptist Church ; he has been 
 elected a member of the County Board of Supervisors several terms, and is, at present 
 writing. Chairman of that body ; he has been Notary Public a number of years, also 
 holds the offices of Township Clerk and Collector ; he is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., 
 in which he has taken a leading part, and has filled various offices of honor ; he is a 
 member of the Masonic Fraternity, in which Order he also takes an active interest. In 
 politics, Mr. W. is a Republican, having always acted with that party ; he was appointed 
 first Postmaster at Clay Mills, where he now lives, in November, 1863, a position he 
 has filled since, to the entire satisfaction of all concerned ; he is extensively engaged in 
 manufacturing, and is the proprietor of several mills, which are constantly kept run- 
 ning ; through his good management and liberality. Clay Mills has become a flourishing 
 and busy village ; as a man of business, he has been very successful, and is in the enjoy- 
 ment of the substantial rewards of well-directed efforts. 
 

 r^.v^ 
 
 LBJa\]8 
 
^i'iiiilliiliiliiiiiiii