Glass COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT » SKETCHES OF BOSTON, PAST AND PRESENT, AND OF SOME FEW PLACES IX ITS VICINITY. ■■a __b v-T-,, ' T " Honor to ihe Past, Oratitude for the Present, and Fidelity '.o thefHitur* ?.J!^itl) one tjunUretr $? STtoentw lEnflrabfnQs. BOSTON: PHILLIPS, SAMPSON, AND COMPANY. CROSBY AND NICHOLS. 185 1. f Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1851, by J. SMITH ROMANS, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. CAMBRIDGE: STEREOTVFED AND PRINTED BY METCALP AND COMPANY. PRINTERS TO THE UNIVERSITY. .-^r^. ' >^* I \ TO J O SI AH QUINC Y, A LL. D. RIPE SCHOLAR, AN ACCOMPLISHED CIVILIAN > AND THE PROJECTOR OF NUMEROUS PUBUC WORKS, T H I S VOLUME IS R£SPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY . A NATIVE OF BOSTON. ■ PREFACE. The present volume is not intended as a formal history of the metropo- lis of New England, nor as a complete index to the many public institutions for which it is so famous. Our object has been to furnish a mere outline of the early history of the city, with notices of some prominent events : adding an account of some few institutions that are particularly deserving the attention of citizens and strangers. The Appendix will be found to contain much information relating to towns in the vicinity. For that portion which describes the beautiful "Forest Hills Cemetery," we are indebted to the late General H. A. S. Dearborn, who little thought, when he was preparing the sketch in the month of May last, that he would so shortly " Rest his head upon tfie lap of earth." He died July 29th, 1851, some few days before this volume could be com- pleted for publication. The compiler takes occasion to express his acknowledgments to Dr. S. G. Howe, of Boston, and to Professors Bond, Horsford, and Francis, of Harvard University, and to the Rev. J. B. Felt, of the Massachusetts Historical Society, for copious materials furnished by them for this work. Boston, September, 1851. SKETCHES OF BOSTON, PAST AND PRESENT. CONTENTS. Page Boston in the Times of the Pilgrims, 1 Prominent Incidents in the History of Boston, 27 The Churches of Boston, 62 The Bridges and Ferries of Boston, 130 Faneuil Hall, 137 Faneuil Hall Market, 138 Grand Junction Railroad, 140 Asylum and Farm School 142 The Islands in Boston Harbor, 143 Boston in Districts, 146 East Boston, 148 The Theatres, 151 Cochituate Water- Works, 153 The New City Jail, 160 The Eye and Ear Infirmary 162 The Boston Athenaeum 163 The New CustomHouse, 166 The CIub-House, 168 The Boston Society of Natural History, 168 The New Court-House, 171 The New Almshouse, 172 The State's Prison, 176 Massachusetts General Hospital, 180 The McLean Asylum for the Insane, 183 The State- House, 185 Massachusetts Historical Society, 188 Provident Association for Savings, 191 The Banks in Boston, 192 Hancock House, 1 93 VI CONTENTS. Boston Common, 1^5 Perkins Institution for the Blind, 193 The Public Schools of Boston, 203 History of the Public Schools, 233 Conclusion, 245 PART SECOND. THE VICINITY OF BOSTON. Page I. ROXBURY, 1 II. Lynn, 10 III. Watertown, 13 IV. Charlestown, 16 V. Lowell, 22 VI. Brookline, 26 VII. Cambridge, , 23 Harvard College, 31 Faculties of Harvard College, 44 The Medical School, 45 The Botanic Garden, 50 Dane Law School, 53 The Theological School, 58 The Observatory, 61 Lawrence Scientific School, 65 Library of the University, '^l Christ Church, 90 Washington's Head-Quarters, 94 TheKiedesel House, 96 Mount Auburn, 103 Fresh Pond, 109 VIII. Waltham, Ill SKETCHES OF BOSTON, PAST AND PRESENT. LIST OF ENGRAVINGS. Page State Street, Frontispiece. Trimoualain, 1. Old House in Ann Street, 40. CHORCHES. Baldwin Place Baptist Church,. 81 . Bethel for Seamen, 103., Bowdoin Square Church 123. Bowdoin Street Church, 101 . Bulfinch Street Church, 97., Cathedral of the Holy Cross,. . . 83. . Central Congregational Church, 111.. Chardon Street Chapel 118, Charles Street Baptist Church,. 89. Christ Church 76. Church in Brattle Square, 73. Church of the Advent, 99. Essex Street Church, 95. Federal Street Church 77. Fifth Universalist Church, 112. First Baptist Church, 69. First Christian Church, 87. First Congregational Church.. . 67. First Independent Baptist Ch., 88. First Methodist Church 129. First Universalist Church, 82. Page Fourth Methodist Ep. Church, 119 Freewill Baptist Church, 84 .Friends' Meeting- House, 72 .Grace Church, 109 . Harvard Street Church, 103 Hawes Place Church, 91 Hollis Street Church, 78 Mariners' Church, 107 Maverick Church, 80 New Brick, or Second Church, 68 New Jerusalem Church, 94 New North Church, 74 New South Church, 75 Old South Church, 70 Park Street Church, 90 Phillips Church 93 Pine Street Church 104 .Rowe Street Baptist Church,.. 122 , Salem Street Church, 105 Second Methodist Church,.... 65 .Second Universalist Church,. . . 93 ■ South Baptist Church 114 .South Boston Meth. Church,.. 66 South Boston Universalist Ch., 110 .South Congregational Church,. 106 .St. Augustine's Church 113 via LIST OF ENGRAVINGS. Page St. Mary's Church, 116., Si. Malihew's Church, 92. , St. Patrick's Church, 117., St. Paul's Church, 96., St. Vincent de Paul's Church,.. 102., Slone Chapel, 71 . . Suffolk Street Chapel, 126. Third Methodist Church, 115., Thirieeiilh Congregational Ch.,. 120. Trinity Church, 79. Tuckerman Cliapel, 125. Twelfth Congregational Church, 100. Warren Street Chapel, 124. West Church, 127., MISCELLANEOUS. The National Theatre, 151 . Cochiluate Water-Fountain,.. . . 153. The New City Jail, 160. Boston Athenaeum, 163. " " interior view, 164. New Custom-House, 166. New Court-House, 171 . Almshouse, Deer Island, 173. Ground Plan of Almshouse, 174. Massachusetts State Prison, .... 176. Massachusetts Gen. Hospital,... 180. The State-House, 186. Statue of Washington, 187. Carver Sword, 189. Speaker's Desk, 1S9. Philip's Samp-pan, 190. Provident Savings Institution,.. 191. Bank of Commerce, 192. Hancock House, 193. Asylum forthe Blind, 200. • PUBLIC SCHOOL HOUSES. Latin Scliool, Bedford Street,... 209. Eliot School, 210. Adams School, 211. Franklin School, 212. May hew School, 213. Page Hawes School, 214 Smiths School, 21.5 Boylston School 216 Bowdoin School, 217 English High School, 218 Hancock School, 219 Wells School, 220 Johnson School, 221 Winlhrop School, 222 ,Lyman School, 223 .Endicott School, 224 .Mather School, 225 , Brimmer School, 226 Phillips School, 2'4:7 Otis School, 22s • Dwight School, 22^ Quincy School, 230 Primary Schools, 231 . Ingraham School, 232 VICINITY OF BOSTON. .Grove Hall, Roxbury, 2 .Taft's Hotel, 3 .Forest Hills Cemetery, 8 .Railroad Depot, Lynn, 10 ,Lynn High School, 11 ■ Lynn Mechanics' Bank, 12 .View of Harvard College, 31 .Dane Law School, 54 .Cambridge Observatory, 61 .The Telescope, 63 .Lawrence Scientific School,.... 65 .Gore Hall, 75 .ChristChurch 90 .Washington's Head-Quarters,.. 94 .Riedesel House, 96 .Entrance to Mount Auburn, ... 103 .Tomb of Spurzheim, 107 .ChristChurch, Waltham, 112 BOSTON SH AAVMUT — TRIMOUNTAIN. ti liirers from the latter place were well received by the Indian Chief Saga- more, the Sachem of that tribe, who is described as a man of gentle and good disposition. The success attending these plantations, encouraged the company to persevere, and several of the principal members entered into an agree- ment to remove with themselves and families, provided the whole govern- ment, together with the patent, was legally transferred and established lo remain in perpetuity with themselves, and the future inhabitants and free associates of the settlement. This last proposition was accepted with hesitation, but finally acceded to as an inducement to gentlemen of wealth and quality to embark in tiie expedition with their property and families. Without retaining in their own hands the administration of the government, they would not have consented to risk their fortunes and happiness on such an arduous and distant enterpri.se. It is not probable that the full importance of this measure was foreseen at the time of its adoption, even by our fathers. It was demanded as a means of personal security and independence, and was characteristic of that self-respect, personal pride of character, and jealous love of liberty, which, after their religious zeal, most distinguished the founders of the city. Who, however, not endowed with the gift of prophecy, could have anticipated all the consequences which lay intreas- ured in those weak beginnings? But, if the men of that day, the kings and statesmen, the wise men of England, — wise in their generation only, we mean the hierarchy, — were utterly unconscious of the momentous results involved in their de- cisions, we, who live to witness those results, find no difficulty in tracing them back, through the progress of things, to their first elements. We must remember that the leading men in this enterprise were wealthy, and well connected at home ; that they had honorable pursuits, and were in possession of ' fruitful lands, stately buildings, goodly orchards and gar- dens ' in the country of their birth. They are spoken of as "persons of quality and distinction." They were, moreover, "an excellent set of real and living Christians." By separating themselves from all the estab- lished societies of the Old World, and occupying a fresh and open field of action in the New World, they were able, without obstacle or inter- ruption, to create a community embodying and exemplifying all their peculiar opinions and traits of character. The change in the affairs of the company before spoken of, occurred in August, 1629, and on the 20th of the ensuing October, a special court was held for the election of a Governor, Deputy-Governor, and Assistants, from among those who were about to emigrate. Mr. John Winthrop was chosen Governor, and Mr. Thomas Dudley, Deputy. Preparations were immediately begun for the embarkation of a great colony, and they were carried on with such vigor, that by the end of •JO HISTORY OF February, 1630, a fleet of fourteen sail was furnished with men, women, and children, with all the necessaries of life, with roechanics, and with people of good condition, wealth, and quality, to make a firm plantation. The number of the colonists embarked in this fleet was fifteen hundred, and the cost of the outfit of the expedition was about one million of dol- lars, at that time a very large sum. On the 14th of June, the Admiral of the New England fleet arrived at Salem. In the vessel that bore that distinction, Governor Winthrop and Mr. Isaac Johnson came passengers, and the Governor has left a journal containing a circumstantial account of the voyage, one event of which was, that the ship was cleared for action to engage a fleet of Dunkirkers, as they were thought to be ; but the Dunkirkers proved to be their own friends, and so their "fear and danger was turned into mirth and friendly entertainment." During this voyage, very strict attention to religious duties was ob- served, and the most rigid discipline enforced. The original design, that the principal part of the colony should settle in one place, to be called Boston, was frustrated by various circumstances. Governor Winthrop himself stopped at Charlestown, where several Eng- lish were already established; detachments that had arrived in other ves- sels before the Governor, set themselves down at Watertown and Dorches- ter. Salem was already inhabited, thougli the colony was found in a sad condition. Above eighty deaths had occurred the winter before, and many of the survivors were weak and sickly. The first intention of the Governor, and those with him, was to make Charlestown their permanent abode, but from this he was deterred by the increasing sickness there also, attributed to the bad water, for as yet the inhabitants had found only one brackish spring, and that not accessible except when the tide was down. Besides those settled at Charlestown, there was one Englishman of the name of Samuel Maverick living on Noddle's Island, now East Boston, who made some figure in the history of the after times; and another named William Blackstone, an Episcopal clergyman, who resided in a small cottage on the south side of Charles River, near a point on the western side of a peninsula, which, at high water, appeared like two islands. The Indians called this peninsula Shawmut, but the English settlers had given it the name of Trimoun- TAiN, on account of its presenting the appearance, when seen from Charlestown, of three large hills, on the westernmost of which were three eminences, whilst on the brow of one of these eminences appeared three hillocks. This singular repetition of the same form gave rise, probably, to the name of Trimountain. Mr. Blackstone, taking compassion upon the unhappy condition of the colony, invited the Governor and his friends to remove to his side of the river; and in August, Mr. Johnson, an influential and leading man, to- gether with several others, began a settlement. But previous to this, on BOSTON. 31 ihe 30ih day of July, Governor W^ithrop, Deputy-Governor Dudley, Mr. Johnson, and the Rev. Mr. Wilson, signed a covenant in the following terms : — " In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, and in obedience to his holy will and divine ordinance, " We, whose names are here underwritten, being by his most wise and good providence brought together into this part of America, in the Hay of Massachu.setts, and desirous to unite into one congregation or church, under the Lord Jesus Christ, our head, in such sort, as becomelh all those whom he hath redeemed and sanctified to himself, do hereby solemnly and religiously, as in his most holy presence, promise and bind ourselves to walk in all our ways according to the rule of the gospel, and in all sincere conformity to his holy ordmances, and in mutual love and respect to each other so near, as God shall give us grace." Others were soon added to this church. Tlie covenant itself, and the immediate attention of the prominent individuals of the colony to re- ligion, and the establishment of a visible church, are introduced as sig- nificant indications of the true spirit of the time, and the objects of the expedition. The first meeting of the Court of Assistants under the authority of the new patent was held on board the ship Arabella, at Charlestown, on the 23d of August, at which the first question propounded was/ — How shall the ministers be maintained? That was met by ordering that houses I should be built for them at the public charge, and th*, their salaries should be establi-shed. The minister at Waterlown, Mr.lPhillips, was to have thirty pounds a year, and Mr. Wilson twenty pounds a year, until his wife came over. All this was at the common charge, and Governor Winthrop undertook to see it executed. At the second meeting of the Court of Assistants, tWe name of Boston was given to the settlement of Trimountain ; this took place on the 7th day of September, 16.30, which is the date of the foundation of the city, now preserved on the city seal. It is understood that this name was selected partly in compliment to the Rev. John Cotton, at that time an eminent dissenting preacher at Boston, in Lincolnshire, who wais soon expected to join the colony, and partly because Boston had been one of the noted scenes of persecution of the Puritans, and partly again because several of the first settlers were born there. The name of Boston wa-s originally designed for the chief city, and it is not improbable that Win- throp and Johnson had the sagacity to perceive that the peninsula pos- sessed all the physical features suited to great commercial prosperity and enterprise. Having now brought our fathers to the permanent earthly home of themselves and their posterity, let us endeavor to create to our minds some idea of the state and appearance of this now world- renowned spot. 32 HISTORY OF when it was in a state of alnnost savage nature, only inhabited by Aborigi- nal Indians. We look in vain for any recognizable trace of this period in the present condition of the region. The hills of Boston have been dug down and carried away for the convenience of building, and the loose material thus collected has been used to fill up large tracts of marsh and mud-lands ; woods have been cut down on the main land and the islands ; the forest of trees is supplanted by the forest of masts, the forest of na- ture by that of art ; and in every direction the tokens of a highly flour- ishing and populous society have usurped the seat of a comparatively bleak solitude. But the imagination of an agreeable writer, Mr. Lothrop Motley, of Boston, has supplied us with a picture of the original Shaw- mui, both graphic and natural, in his work called " Merry Mount," to which we must refer the reader. The third Court of As.sistanls sat at Charlestown on the 28lh of Septem- ber. The first General Court of the Colony convened at Boston on the 19th of October, every person being present who was free of the corpora- tion. We will complete our picture of the settlement by mentioning some of the events of the year 1630, which, in its infant state, it was thought worth while to record. " Oct. 25. The Governour began to discourage the practice of drink- ing toasts at table: so it grew by little and little to be disused. "1631. March 4. Nicholas Knopp was fined five pounds for taking upon him to cure the scurvy by a water of no value, which he sold at a very dear rate ; to be imprisoned till he pay his fine, or give security for it, or else be whipped, and be liable to any man's action, of whom he had received money for the said water. "May 18. Election day at Boston; Winthrop and Dudley are re- chosen by general consent. " July 4. The Governour built a bark at Mystick, which was launched this day, and called the Blessing of the Bay, In the course of the season this vessel made several coasting trips. " 26. Monthly trainings are ordered." It would be strange, indeed, to compare these incidents with those that now mark the progress of the limes ; to contrast, for e.xample, the build- ing of the little boat, the " Blessing of the Bay," the solitary instance of that year, with the annual productions of the teeming ship-yards that now line the banks of the Mystic, either in number or size, " Your argosies with portly sail, — Like signiors and rich burghers on the flood, Or, as it were, the pageants of the sea " ; — to set the single voyage to Rhode Island to trade for a hundred bushels of corn, by the side of that commerce which has peopled the wide waste of j waters from the Arctic to the Antarctic, and now surrounds the globe with ! ■ BOSTON. :{3 a consianl procession of the whitewingeil messeiigera of peace and plen- ty. We may observe, thai in tlie above record we have a picture in little of the modern days in some respects. There was a temperance move- ment, and there was an election day, and, moreover, there was quackery ; but the most noticeable thing is the ordering of the monthly trainings. This was the needful preparation for coming events ; the first manifes- tation of that military spirit, without which we should have inherited colonial submission, instead of national independence. The spirit of our fathers, happily, still shows itself in us in this, as in other respects. The year of the foundation of the city closed with lamentations. Sev- eral persons of distinction died from sickness occasioned by the residence in Charlestown. The chief of these victims was Mr. Johnson, the most wealthy of the planters, and second to none in ability, piety, and devo- tion to the interests of the colony ; and his wife, Lady Arabella, daughter of the Earl of Lincoln. Mr. Johnson has been called the father of Boston, he having persuaded the Governor to cross the river. He supplied many persons with the means of joining the colony, and bequeathed a portion of his large prop- erly (his estates lay in Rutland, Northamptonshire, and Lincolnshire) to the company. His lot in Boston was the square bounded by Tremont and Washmgton, Court and School Streets, in the southwest corner of which he was buried by his own direction, and such was the strong attachment he had inspired that people ordered their bodies to be laid near his ; this gave rise to the present chapel burial-ground. The death of Lady Arabella Johnson appears to have been regarded as an irretrievable calamity. She was the pride of the colony ; and among several other women of distinction who bravely encountered the perils of emigration, she was conspicuous for her devotedness. Her language to her husband places her in the class of those great and true characters from among whom the master-painter of the world has selected his im- mortal portraits. 'Whithersoever your fatall destinie shall dryve you, eyther by the furious waves of the great ocean, or by the many-folde and horrible dan- gers of the lande, I wyl surely beare you company. There can no peryll chaunce to me so terrible, nor any kinde of death so cruell, that shall not be much easier for me to abyde, than to live so farre separate from you.' A true devoted pilgrim is not weary To measure kingdoms with his feeble steps; Much less shall she, that hath love's wings to fly ; And when the flight is made to one so dear. The danger of famine added to the other distresses of the colonists. Great snflleriug on this account was endured between the 24th of Decem- ber, when the winter set in, and the 5th of February, 1631, when Captain 34 HISTORY OP Pierce arrived in the ship Lion, laden with provisions, and relieved them from their apprehension. In this ship came over the wife and children of Governor Winthrop, who were received with the first of those public celebrations since be- come 80 frequent, and the Rev. John Eliot. In February, 1631 , occurred the first fire. On the 8th of May, 1632, a General Court was held in Boston, at which, after reelecting the Governor and Deputy, it was ordered that two men should be chosen from each town to confer with the Court of Assistants. This order was the first step towards a house of representa- tives. In August of this year, the congregation of Mr. Wilson, who had returned from England, began the erection of a house for public wor- ship, and one for the residence of their pastor; and in the autumn the first separate Congregational church was formed in Charleslown. Ai the same time a house of correction was built; a house for the beadle (the sheriff); and a fortification on Fort Hill, then Corn Hill, was carried rapidly forward. In these occurrences we witness the energy and decis- ion with which our fathers proceeded at once to organize the community, and lay the basis of a permanent settlement. The original owner of the peninsula, Mr. Blackstone, either preferring solitude or having no sympathy with the colonists, removed from Boston, having received thirty pounds for his rights in the place. He was an eccentric person, and when urged to join one of the churches, declined, saying, " I came from England because I did not like the Lord Bishops ; but I cannot join with you because I would not be under the Lord Breth- ren." His library, which contained one hundred and eighty-six volumes, proves him to have been a man of culture, and Mather speaks of him as a ' godly Episcopalian.' In September, 1633, Mr. Cotton, to the great delight of the people, ar- rived from England. Trading was begun already, and so well established that Thursday was appointed market-day ; the first house of entertainment, and the first shop, were opened in Boston. We get an idea of the progress of the colony from the fact that even at this early period Mr. Cotton thought it necessary to preach against luxuries and expensive fashions. Gold and silver laces, girdles, hat-bands, embroidered caps, large veils, and large sleeves, were specially condemned by the Court ; and a sermon of Mr. Cotton, in Salem, led to" the entire disuse of veils by the women. This indicated the reign not only of comfort, but of luxury. The government of the town was placed, from the beginning, in the hands of individuals selected for the purpose by vote, but the name of Selectmen was not given to them till 1641. In May, 1634, the fort was completed, and ordnance was mounted, and in the same year the first Beacon was set on the Sentry Hill to give notice to the country of any danger. This year was also marked by a BOSTON. 35 resolution of the General Court, appointing a committee to draw up the first body of laws of the colony. Ships continued to arrive from the mother country. Durin;^ one week in May, six ships with passengers and cattle anchored in Boston. On the 6th of October, 1635, there arrived two other ships; in one of which was I\Ir. Wilson, the pastor of the Boston church, and in the other the famous Henry Vane. The celebrity of the latter, after his return to England, during the civil wars and the reign of Cromwell, as well as his conduct while here, give interest to that portion of the colonial history with which he was connected. At the time of his arrival he was only twenty-three years of age, but such was his ability, and religious fervor, that he soon acquired a controlling influence in the affairs of the colony, and in May, 1636, was elected Governor. His administration was at first very satisfactory and popular, but towards the end of the year the people grew weary and discontented. About this time there occurred a schism in the church, which was attributed in some degree to the character of the Governor. A Mrs. Hutchinson, wife of a gentleman of good reputa- tion in England, who, after he came to Boston, served several times as a Representative of the town in the General Court, established religious meetings at her house, (in imitation of those held by the men), for the dis- cussion of sermons and doctrines. The meetings of the men had hitherto excluded the other sex. . Mrs. Hutchinson's meetings were well attended, and at first were ap- proved by the community ; but, as might have been expected, they soon resulted in the dissemination of distinctions and dissensions, and the dis- turbance of public and private peace. Mrs. Hutchinson only allowed two or three of the ministers to be sound men, under the covenant of grace; the rest she condemned as under the covenant of works. Several new tenets were advanced by these enthusiasts ; one of which was that cer- tain persons might be favored with immediate revelations of the Divine will, which deserved to be regarded as equally sacred with the Scriptures themselves. Of course, Mrs. Hutchinson was one of those individuals who not only might be so distinguished, but actually had enjoyed Divine inspiration. Another one of tliose tenets was the personal union of the Holy Ghost with a justified person. It was not long before private dis- agreements resolved themselves into open quarrels. On one side of the controversy were ranged Mr. Winthrop and Mr. Wilson; on the other Mr. Cotton and Governor Vane. Precisely as in the controversies of the present day, differences of opinion engendered pride and angry feelings, and these in turn gave rise to bitter criminations that could neither be re- called nor forgotten. The most excited of the agitators, then, as now, assumed the most unquestionable right of judgment, not of the conduct alone, but of the thoughts and motives of their opponents, which they naturally foimd to he whollv cen.^nrahle; claimins for themselves a 36 HISTORY OF special portion, at the same lime, of that charity tiial is not piitFed up, that thinketh no evil, and, above all, that rejoiceth in the truth. After much difficulty, and unprofitable discussion, the church of Boston found itself opposed to all the other churches in the country, and ministers and magistrates everywhere arrayed against her. Finally the Court, in a formal manner, called in the aid of the clergy to assist in the extermina- tion of heresy. In the course of the conference growing out of this call, Mr. Peters, who seems to have been a man of courage as well as penetra- tion, took occasion to remind Governor Vane that before his coming the churches were at peace ; he counselled the Governor to remember that his own experience was too short to be trusted, and advised him to be- ware of the hasty and peremptory conclusions into which he was liable to be betrayed by his temper. No event in the history of Boston appears to have engaged the pas- sions of the people more than this Antinomian controversy, as it was called. At the next election Mr. Vane and his supporters were left entire- ly out of office, and the former, having completed the breach of inter- course between Governor Winthrop and himself, sailed for England in August, 1637. This departure deprived Mrs. Hutchinson, notwithstand- ing her revelations, of her chief support. She, however, continued her lectures, for which she found ample encouragement in the uproar and disturbance thay created. A Synod was held at Newtown to purify Boston from heresy, which was unanimous in its recommendations of restoration to peace, but in vain. The General Court then took up the subject; several of the most offensive disturbers of the harmony of society were necessarily expelled, for it was now evident that it was their determination not to desist from agitation till they had produced a divis- ion of the colony. In 1638, on the 22d of March, Mrs. Hutchinson wa.s " cast out of the church for impeniiently persisting in a manifest lie." In the year 1642, she, and her family consisting of sixteen persons, were all, with one exception, killed by the Indians in the Dutch country, where she had removed. The exception was a daughter, carried into captivity. The first military expedition of the colony was fitted out in 1637. against the Pequod Indians, which was successful. The Rev. Mr. Wil- son accompanied it, as chaplain, with much faith and joy. The year after this expedition, the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company was formed, having at first the character of an association for improvement in iTiilitary exercises. In 1644, a separation took place between the deputies and magistrates, and the two houses sat apart, their proceedings being communicated to each other in a parliamentary way. This was the origin of our present Senate. The revolution going on in England now arrested the attention of the colonial government. The authorities here, acquiesced in the sue cessive changes of government that occurred during the civil wars in BOSTON. 37 England, and in 1644, an order was passed condemning any one who should aiienipl to make a party in favor of the king. Very soon after, a ereal tumult was raised hy the seizure of a Bristol ship in the harbor, by the captain of a London ship acting under the authority of a commis- sion from liie Parliament. This affair, in which may be discerned the lirst demonstration of the Bo.ston spirit of liberty, and determination to maintain its chartered rights, owing to the prudence of the magistrates, terminated peaceably. '• III the beginning of the year 1619, Boston suffered a mournful loss in the death of Governor Winthrop. From the first moment of placing his foot on the peninsula he had been its firmest friend. His resolute perse- verance in oppnsition to Dudley's plan of establishing the capital at Cam- bridge, laid the foundation of Boston's greatness, and the endeavors of Kiidicott and his party to obtain the same honor for Salem, were rendered unavailing through the wisdom and prudence of Winthrop. He was one of the earliest Selectmen, and frequently served on that board. In almost every event of any moment we find him bearing pan, and except for one short period he was an oracle and favorite with the people. Or, as Cotton expresses it, he was their friend in all things by his counsel, a help for their bodies hy physic, and in their estates by law. '• He was a pattern to the people of that frugality, decency, and tem- perance, which were necessary in their circumstances, and even denied himself inany of the elegancies and superlhiilies of life, which he had en- joyed elsewhere. This he did, both that he might set others a proper ex- airiple, and be the better enabled to exercise that liberality in which he delighted. His charity indeed was unbounded. He would often send his servants on some errand, at meal times, to the houses of his neighbors, 10 see hmv they were provided with fond, and if there was a deficiency A-oiikl supply them fnmi his own table. He mingled with his sterner vir- tues a happy portion of well-timed wit." His remains were deposited in the family tomb on the north side of the chapel burial-ground. His portrait is preserved in the Land-Office at the Slate House. The death of Governor Winthrop may be marked as an epoch in the history of Boston. The population of the town had greatly increased ; the extension of trade had led to the construction of wharves and other improvements; the public instruction of youth was instituted; and a regular system of police established. With regard to the trade, it must excite not a little surprise to learn that even as early as this, the surplus produce of the land was sent to Virginia, the West Indies, Great Britain, Portugal, Spain, and IMadeira; in exchange for which were received the fruits, wines, and manufactures of those countries. Mr. Hugh Peters is noticed in Winthrop's Journal 38 HISTORY OP as laboring with great success to proinole the commercial spirit, especial- ly in Salem, which owed her first distinction to his counsel. But as the Bostouians of that period were strictly a church-going people, the most satisfactory idea of the advance of population will be furnished by the dates of the erection of the churches, a few of which may be given in chronological order. The second meeting-house in the town was built al the head of the North Square, in 1649. In 1669, a third house of worship was erected on the spot where the Old South now stands. And by the close of the century (169S), the seventh religious society, which was the fourth Congregational or Brattle Street Church, was formed in Boston. The first important event in the colony that followed the death of Governor Winthrop, was the death of Mr. Cotton. His body ' was most honorably interred, with a most numerous concourse of people, and the most grievous and solemn funeral that was ever known, perhaps, upon the American strand ; and the lectures in his church, the whole winter, were but so many funeral sermons upon the death and worth of this ex- traordinary person.' His memory did not receive so much attention from his contemporaries without his deserving it, for in the language of the " Old Men's Tears," he was in his life, light, and learning, the brightest and most shining star in their firmament. Others of the first settlers passed from the active scenes of life about this time ; among them Captain Keayne, who died as late as 1656. He was the father of the Great Artil- lery ; and is distinguished among the early benefactors of the town, a class of public-spirited and benevolent men for which Boston has been famous beyond all other places. His will contains bequests to Harvard College, to his pastor, to the Artillery Company, to the poor of the church, and those of the town, for the foundation of a library, and to the free school The year 1653 is rendered memorable by the first great fire. In the year 1655, Mrs. Ann Hibbins was tried, and in 1656 executed, for witchcraft. Her husband, who died in 1654, was an agent for the colony in England, for several years one of the Assistants, and a merchant of note in the town. The worst ofl^ence of this miserable old lady seems to have been, that the loss of property had so soured her disposition as to render her odious to her neighbors. This was the third execution for witchcraft in New England. In 1657-9, the first town-house was built. An examination of the Probate records of this period shows that the inhabitants of the town were abundantly supplied with the elegancies and luxuries of life, in fur- niture, dress, the table, and in servants. We have already observed that the people of this colony sympathized BOSTON. 39 ii\ the revolutionary moverneiils io Englaad, and notwithstanding that a very loyal address was sent out upon the resioration of ihe monarchy, the complaints, long before begun on account of independence of the colony, now found an opportunity to make themselves heard. Tiie reauit of this clamor was the appointment, by Charles the Second, of a commission to hear and determine all matters in dispute, and to restore peace to the country. Four commissioners arrived in July, 1664, with the.se powers, one of whom, Samuel Maverick, Esq., was an implacable enemy of the colony. One of them became involved in a quarrel with a constable, by the name of Mason, and so unfavorable was their report, tliat the king de- manded that five persons should be sent out to answer for the conduct of the colony. This was the apparent beginning of those troubles which ended in the Revolution, and of which Boston was the principal theatre. In the interval between the ne.\t period of disturbance with the mother country, and this dale, the Baptists, who had suffered fines, whipping, imprisonment, and banishment, for their faith's sake, obtamed a finally permanent footing in Boston, for which they were indebted to the inter- ference of the government at home, and not to any liberality on the part of the descendants of the original settlers. The death of Mr. Wilson, the first pa!9torof the First Church, occurred in 1667. He was in his seventy -ninth year. He left the reputation of an able, pious, amiable, and benevolent man. In 1675, the Indian war with King Philip broke out, in which Boston necessarily took an active part. Several companies of horse and foot joined the body of Massachusetts and Plymouth forces, and contributed to the success of the campaign. One of the Indian chiefs, John Monacho, or one-eyed John, had threat- ened to burn down the town ; but he was caught and hung at the town's end in September, 1676. In the same year, another great conflagration destroyed forty -three dwelling-houses, some other buildings, and a meet- ing-house. In 1679, the first fire-engine was procured, and the first fire company organized, the members of which were then, as now, exempted from training. Another terrible fire broke out at midnight, on the 8ih of Au- gust of this year, and converted the town into a scene of desolation. Eighty and more dwelling-houses, above seventy warehouses, and several vessels with their cargoes, were consumed. The loss was estimated at .£200,000. and it was supposed to be the work of incendiaries. I After this calamity, a law was made to prevent the erection of wooden buildings, either houses or stores. The old house now standing at the corner of Ann Street and Market Square, a picture of which we give on the next page, is one of the few specimens which remain to us, of the architecture of that time. It was built in 16S0, soon after this fire. 40 HISTORY OP '' •--•^^-^^ft„W.:ai•'^•^--I^- - -^'■. ':: r- r- " The peaks of the roof remain precisely as they were first erected, the frame and external appearance never having been altered. The timber used in the building was principally oak, and, where it has been kept dry, is perfectly sound and intensely hard. The outside is covered with plas- tering, or what is commonly called roughcast. But instead of pebbles, which are generally used at the present day to make a hard surface on the mortar, broken glass was used. This glass appears like that of com- mon junk bottles, broken into pieces of about half an inch diameter, the sharp corners of which penetrate the cement in such a manner, that this great lapse of years has had no perceptible effect upon them. Tiie figures 1680 were impressed into the rough-cast to show the year of its erec- tion, and are now perfectly legible. This surface was also variegated with ornamental squares, diamonds, and flowers-deluce. The building is only two stories high, and is about thirty-two feet long and seventeen wide; yet tradition informs us that it was once the residence of two respectable families, and the front part was at the same lime occupied for two shops or stores." In 1681, the Council granted an act of incorporation to the projectors and proprietors of the old loharves ; one of the principal objects of which, so far as the town was interested, was protection against the ships of an enemy, that should succeed in passing the Castle. 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The church covenant of the first society was in tlie following words : — " In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, and in obedience to his holy will and divine ordinance, " We, whose names are here underwritten, being by his most wise and good providence brought together into this pan of America, in the Bay of Massachusetts, and desirous lo unite into one congregation or church, under the Lord Jesus Christ, our head, in such sort, as becomelh all iho.se whom he halh redeemed and santified to himself, do hereby solemnly and religiously, as in his most holy presence, promise and bind ourselves to walk in all our ways according lo the rule of the gospel, and in all sincere conformity to his holy ordinances, and in mutual love and respect lo each other so near, as God shall give us grace." The second church in Boston was erected in 1649, at the head of the North Square ; " when the northeast part of the town being separated from the other with a narrow stream cut through a nick of land by in- dustry, whereby that part is become an island." The first Episcopal Society was formed in Boston in the year 1636, when the service of the Common Prayer Book was introduced. Such was the inveterate opposition of the early colonists to the adoption of any other form of worship than their own, that it was with great difficulty that the Baptists, Quakers, Roman Catholics, and Episcopalians, obtained a foot- ing in the city. The Old South Church was forcibly taken possession of in that year, the ministers who were previously consulted having agreed " that they could not, with a good conscience, consent to the use of their churches for the Episcopal service." The first Baptist Society was formed in the year 1665, when prosecu- tions against members of that denomination were commenced. Their first house of worship was at the corner of Slillman and Salem streets. The first Quakers who appeared in New England arrived at Boston in the year 1656. The General Court passed sentence of banishment against them. Three years afterwards, two members of this denomination were executed on account of their religious tenets. In 1661, King Charles the Second issued instructions that no more prosecutions should be made. A Roman Catholic Church was first formed in this city in the year 1789. The first Methodist Church, erected in Boston, was opened by a Meth- odist Missionary in the year 1796. This building was erected in Hanover Avenue. The first Universalist Society was established in the year 1785, when they purchased the meetinghouse at the corner of Hanover and Bennett streets. FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. FIRST COXGREGATIONAI. CHURCH. This ancient Ck)agregaiional Church, the first in the metropolis, was regularly embodied at Charlestown, 27lh August, 1630. In 16:32, the first house of worship was built. It had mud walls and a thatched roof, and stdod on the south side of what is now State street. The second meeting- house was erected in 1639, on the spot that " Joy's buildings " now occu- pies, in Washington street, and was burned down in the great fire of Oct. 2, 1711. In 1808, the present house in Chauncy place was solemnly ap- propriated to Christian worship. PASTORS . J, Wilson, from 1G32 to 1667. J. Cotton, from 16.33 to 1652. J. Nor- ton, from 1606 to IG6.3. J. Davenport, from 166s to 1670. J. Allen, from 1668 to 1710. J. Oxenbridoe, from 1670 to 1674. J. Moody, from 1684 to 16rf2. J. Bailey, from 1693 to 1697. B. Wadsworth, from 1696 to 1737. T. Bridge, from 1705 to 1715. T. Foxcraft, from 1717 to 1769. C. Chauncy, D. D., from 1727 to 17S7. J. Clarke, D. D., from 1778 to 1798. W. Emerson, from 1799 to ISll. J. L. Abbott, from 1SI3 to to 1814. N. L. Frothingham, D. D., from 1815 to 1850. g i*»MKmi i j.jw UM W J^iiiMMWMy in: 68 SECOND CHURCH. XEVV BRICK, OR SKCOAD CHURCH. The preceding cut represents the New Brick, or Second Church, Hano- ver street, which belonged to the Congregationalists from 1650 till 1845 The Society was gathered in 1650. Their first edifice was built in North Square in 1649, burnt in 1676, rebuilt in 1677, and torn down for fuel by order of the British General Howe, in 1775. It was then called the Old North. The building now represented was dedicated May 10, 1721, and called the New Brick, by seceders from the New North. This building was demolished in the year 1844, and a splendid edifice erected on its site during the ministry of the Rev. Chandler Robbins. In 1845 the Society sold their new building to the First Methodist Church, and in 1850, pur- chased a Chapel in Freeman Place, where they now worship. PASTORS. John Mayo, from 1655 to 1672. Increase Mather, D. D., from 1669 to 1723. Cotton Mather, D. D., from 1635 to 1723. Joshua Gee, from 1723 to 1748. Samuel Mather, D. D., from 1732 to 1741. Samuel Checkley, Jr., from 1747 to 1763. John Lathrop, D. D., from 1763 to 1816. Henry Ware, Jr., D. D., from 1817 to 1830. R. W. Emerson, from 1829 to 1832. Chandler Robeins, ord. 1833, present Pastor. FIRST BAPIIt-T CHIKCJI. 69 FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, U-\IO-\ STREET. This Church was gathered in Ciiarlcstown, on lhe23lh of May, 1G65; at its formation it consisted of nine members. The first house of worship was built in 1679, at the corner of Stillman and Salem streets. In 177] a new house was built on the .same spot, which was afterwards considerably enlarged. The present edifice, which is situated at the corner of Union and Hanover streets, was dedicated June IS, 1829. The house is built of brick, and is surmounted by a handsome tower. It contains 106 pews. The pulpit is of mahogany, and in front, connected with it, is the Baptis- tery, which is so situated that every person in the house may see the ordi- nance performed while seated in their pews. PASTORS. Thomas Gould, from 1665 to 1675. John Russell from 1675 to 1690, John Miles, to February, 1683. John Emblem, from 16S4 to 1699. El- lis Callender, from 170S to 1713. Elisha Callender, from 1718, to 1738. Jeremiah Condy, from 1739 to 1764. Samuel Stillman, from 1765 to 1807. Joseph Clay, from 1807 to 1809. James M. Winchell, from 1814 to 1320. F. Wayla-no, Jr., from 1821 to 1826. C P. Groves- NOR, from 1827 to 1830. W. Hagob, from 1831 to 1837. R. H. Neale, September, 1837. present Pastor. 70 OLD SOUTH CHURCH. OLD SOUTH CHURCH, WASHINGTON STREET. This Church was formed in Clmrleslowii. on the 12lh and 16ih of the third month, i. e. of May, 1669, O. S. At its formation it consisted of 52 members. There have been two buildings erected upon the spot where the Old South Church now stands, at the corner of Washington and Milk streets. The second, or present Church, of which the above is a repre- sentation, was first occupied for public worship on the 26th of April, 1730, O. S. PASTORS. Thomas Thatcher, from 1670 to 1678. S. Willard, from 1678 to 1707. EbenezerPemberton, from 1700 to 1717. Joseph Sewall, D D., from 1713 to 1769. Thomas Prince, from 1718 to 1753. Alexander CuMMiNG, from 1761 to 1763. Samuel Blair, from 1766 to 1769. John Bacon, from 1771 to 1775. John Hunt, from 1771 to 1775. Joseph Eck- ley, p. D., from 1779 to 1811. Joshua Huntington, from 1808 to 1819. Benjamin B. Wisner, D. D., from 1821 to 1832. Samuel H. Stearns. from 1834 to 1836. George W. Blagden, D. D., installed September 28. 1836, present Pastor. STONE CHAPEF.. 71 STOXE CHAPEL, TREMONT STREET. This Society, originally Episcopalian, met with much opposition from the inhabitants of Boston, and it was only through the authority of Gov- ernor Andros. that they succeeded in perforniins tlie Church service pub- licly in the Old South Church on the 2rM of March, 16S7. In the year 16S9 the first edifice, which was built of wood, was erected on the spot where the present one now stands, but did not occupy so much ground. In the year 1710 it was enlarged to nearly double its former size, and in 1749 the corner-stone of the present edifice was laid by Governor Sliirley. This Church is situated at the comer of School and Tremoiit streets. CLERGY. R. Radcliffe, and R. Clark, from 16S6 to I6S9. S. MrLES, from 16S9 to 1723. G. Hatton, A. M., from 1693 to 1696. C. Rudge, A. M., from I 1699 to 1706. H. Harris, from 1709 to 1729. R. Price, from 1729 to i 1746. T. Howard, A. M., from 1731 to 17;3G. A. Davenport, A. M., from 1741 to 1744. H. Cane, D. D., from 1741 to 1776. C. Brockwell, A. M.. from 1747 to 1755. J. Troutbee, A. M., settled 1775, left 1775. J. Freeman, from 1783 to 1835. S. Carv, from 1309 to 1S15. F. W. P. Greenwood, D. D., from 1824 to 1843. E. Peaeody, present Pastor, sealed in 1S4-. 72 FlUENDS' MEETING-HOUSE. FRIENDS' MEETING-HOUSE, MILTON PLACE. There are but few Quakers in Boston. They occasionally hold meet- ings here, but the persons composing these meetings are generally resi- dents of other places ; they are chiefly from Lynn. Their Meeting-House is quite small, built of stone, and is a very neat edifice. It is in Milton Place, situated a little back from Federal street. Like the Friends themselves, it is so quiet and retired that a person might pass through the street a number of times, and not observe the building. From the year 1661 to 1808, the Society of Friends held regular meetings in Boston. They built the first brick meeting-house in the tqwn, in Brat- tle street, and another of similar materials in Congress street. The for- mer was sold in 1708, the latter was erected prior to 1717, and stood till April, 1825, when the building was sold and demolished. Connected with this house was a burial ground, in which the dead of the Society were in- terred. Their remains were removed to Lynn in the summer of 1826. The land was sold in 1827, and the stone building opposite the west end of Lindall street, occupies the site of the old Church. The first Quakers who came to Boston, arrived in May, 1656. The laws against the sect were very severe in the Colony, and every Quaker found in it was liable to the loss of one of his ears. Four were put to death. BRATTLE STREET CHURCH. -> ft CHURCH IN BRATTLE SQUARE. This was the seventh religious Society formed in Boston. The earliest date of which it i.s tneiilioned. is January 10, 1698, when Thon)a3 Brattle conveyed to tliem a piece of i;iiiil known as Brattle's close, wliich now forms a part of the Church lot. The Church was early called the I\lani- fe.slo Church, from a declaration of principles published by the "under- takers" or founders of the Society. The first house of worship, a wooden building, was taken down in May, 1772, to make room for the one which now stands in Brattle S(inare, which was built upon the same spot, and consecrated July 25, 1773. PASTORS. B. CoLMAV. D. D., from 1699 to 1747. W. Cooper, from 1716 to 1743. S. Cooper, from 1746 to 1783. P. Thacher, from 1785 10 1802. J. S. BucKMiNSTER, from 1805 to 1S12. E. Everett. D. D., LL. D., from 1814 to 1815. J. G. Palfrey, D. D., from 1818 to 1S30. S. K. LoTHRor, D. D., installed June 17, \^'M, jiresent Pastor. 74 NEW NORTH CHURCH. iVEW NORTH CHURCH, HANOVER STREET. The New North was the second Congregational Church built at the north part of Boston, and the fifth in the order of the other Churches of that name. The first house was dedicated May 5, 1714, and the second, which is the present, May 2, 1804, or nearly ninety years afterwards. It is a substantial brick edifice, at the corner of Hanover and Clark streets. The original cost was $26,570, exclusive of the land. Nearly all this sum v/as realized from the first sale of pews. The inside is a square of 72 feet, two ranges of Doric columns under the galleries, and Corinthian columns above them support the ceiling, which was in an arch of moderate eleva- tion in the centre, — the whole well adapted for sight and sound. PASTORS. Rev. John Webb, ordained October 20, 1714, died April 16, 1750. Rev. Peter Thacher. installed January 28, 1723, died March 1, 1739. Rev. Andrew Eliot, D. D., ord. April 14, 1742, died September 13, 1778. Rev. JcHN Eliot, D. D., ordained Nov. 3, 1779, died February 14, 1813. Rev. Francis Parkman, D. D., ord. Dec. 8, 1813, resigned Feb. I, 1819. Rev. Amos Smith, ordained December 7, 1842, resigned June 5, 1848. Rev. Joshua Young, present Pastor, ordained February I, 1S49. NEW SOUTH CHUItCH. NEW SOUTH CHURCH. This Church is situated at the junction of Summer and Bedford streets. The first meeting of the proprietors on record, was held " at the Bull, in Boston," July 14, 1715. The Church was deilicaled January 8, 1717. The present edifice was dedicated December 29, 1S14. PASTORS. Rev. Samuel Checkley, ord. April l'\ 1710. died Dec. 1, 17G9, a?ed 73. Rev. Penuel Bowen, ord. colleague, April 30, 1760, left ]May 12, 1772. Rev. Joseph Howe, ord. May 19, 1773, died August 25, 1775, aged 2S. Rev. Oliver Everett, ord. January 2, 17S2, left May 27, 1792, died Nov. 19, 1302, aged 50. Rev. John Thornton Kirkland, ord. Feb. 5, 1791, left Nov. 1, 1810, in- ducted Pres. Harvard College, Nov., 1810, died .\prir26, 1810, aged 69. Rev. Samuel C. Thachek, ord. INIay 15, ISll. died Jan. 2, 1S18, aged 32. Rev. F. W P. Greenwood, ord. Oct. 21, 181S, left June 24, 1821, died Aug 2, 1S13, aged 46. Rev. Alexander Young, ord. Jan. 19, 1325, present Pastor. 76 CHRIST CHURCH. I CHRIST CHURCH, SALEM STREET. The corner-slone was laid in 1723, and the Cliurch was opened for pub- lic worship the same year by the Episcopal denomination. It is situ- ated on Salem Street, opposite the street leading to Copp's hill. It is built of brick, is 70 feet long, 50 feet wide, and 35 feet high, with a steeple 175 feet in height, having an area of 24 feet square._ This Church contains a set of eight bells (the only peal in the city), which were put up in 1774. RECTORS. Rev. Timothy Cutler, D. D., settled Dec. 29, 172.3, died Aug. 7, 1765. Rev. James Greaton, settled May 30, 1760, left Aug. 31, 1767. Rev, Mather Byles, Jr., settled Sept., 1763, left April, 1775. Rev. Stephen Lewis, settled Aug., 1773, left Sept., 17S4. Rev. William Montague, settled June, 1787, left May, 1792 Rev. William Walter, D. D., settled May 29, 1792, died Dec. 5, ISOO. Rev. Samuel Haskell, settled May, ISOI, left Sept., 180.3. Rev. Asa Eaton, D. D., settled Aug. 23, 1S03, left May, 1S29. Rev. William Croswell, A. M., inst. June 24, 1829, left June, 1840. Rev. John Woaut, A, i\T.. instituted Nov. 1, 1840, left Jan.. i>r,l. FEDERAL STREET CHURCH. FEDERAL STREET CHURCH. The Society worshipping in this house belongs now to the Congrega- tional denomination, but was originally Presbyterian. The Presbyterian was exchanged for the Congregational form of government, by a unani- mous vote, August 6, 1786. Three houses of worship have stood on this same spot. The present house was dedicated November 23, 1309. The house is of the Gothic style of architecture, built of brick and sur- mounted by a wooden spire. In the building which preceded this, the State Convention sat which adopted the Constitution of the United States in 17SS. and in consequence the name of the street Wcis changed from Long lane, which it originally bore, to Federal street. PASTORS . Rev. John Moouhkad, settled March 31, 1730, died December 2, 1773. Rev. Robert Annan, inst. 17S3, dismissed 1786. Rev. Jere.my Belknap, D. D., inst. April 1, 1737, died June 16, 1798. Rev. John S. Popkin, D. D., ord. July 10, 1799, dis. Noveinher 28, 1802. Rev. William E. Channing, D. D , ord June 1, 1S03, died Oct. 2, 1842. Rev Ezra S Gannett. D. D., ordained Jime 30, 1824, present Pastor. HOI.LIS STREET CHUJiCH. HOIiLIS STREET CHURCH. This Church was gathered November 14, 1732. The first Church of wood, was built on the ground where the present church stands, in 1732, and was destroyed by fire in 1787. The second church, also of wood, was built in 176S, and was taken down and removed to Braintree, in 1810. The present edifice was built the same year, and was dedicated January I, 1811. The Church, which is of brick, is 79^ feet by 76, e.xchisive of the tower. It contains 130 pews on the lower floor, and 38 in the gallery, be- sides seats for the choir. The steeple is 196 feet high. Hollis Street Church is Unitarian in sentiment. MINISTERS. Rev. Mather Byles, ordained Dec. 20, 1733, left Aug. 9, 1776. Rev. Ebenezer Wight, ordained Feb. 25, 1778, left 1788. Rev, Samuel West, installed March 12, 1789, died April 10, 180S. Rev. Horace Holley, installed March 9, 1809, dis. Aug. 24, 1818. Rev. John Pierpont, ordained April 14, 1819, left 1845. Rev. David Fosdick, Jr, settled 1846, left 1847. Rev. Thomas Starr King, present Pastor, installed December, 1848. TRINITY CHITRCII. 7'J TRINITY CHURCH, SUMMER STREET. The corner-sione of the first edifice was laid April 15, 1734. by Rev. Roger Price, minister of King's Chapel, as Commissary of the Bishop of London. It was first opened for divine worship Aug. 15, 17.34. The old Church was taken down Aug., 18iiS, and the new Church was consecrated Nov. 11, 1S29. PASTORS. Rev. Addington Davenport, inducted May S, 1740, died Sept. 8, 1746. Rev. WiLLi.\M Hooper, inducted Aug. 2"*, 1747, died April 5. 1767. Rev. Wm. Walter, D. D., Assl. Min. Oct. 1763, Rector 1767, left 1775. Rev. Samuel Parker, D. D., A.sst. Min. 1774, Rector 1779, d. Dec. 7, 1801. Rev. John S. J. Gardiner. D. D., Asst. Min. 1792, Rector, 1S05, d. 1S30. Rev. George W. Doane, D. D., Asst. Min. 1323, Rector 1S30, left 133:3. Rev. John H. Hopkins, D. D., Asst. Min. Feb., 1831, left Nov., 1832. Rev. Jonathan M. Wainwright, P. D., Rector Mar., 1833, left Jan., 1833. Rev. John L. Watson, Asst. Min. June 1, 1336. Rt. Rev. Manton Eastburn. D. D., Rector 1843. Rev. Thomas M. Clark, Asst. Min. 1347, left 1851. Rev. Henry Vandyke Johns. D. D., Asst. Min., elected May, 1351. 80 MWERICK CHURCH. MAVERICK C0NGREQAT10\AL CHURCH, EAST BOSTON. The Maverick Church at East Boston, was gathered in May, 1S36, and consisted of 10 members. It was recognized by the sister churches on the 31stof May, 1836, by tlie name of the First Congregational Church in East Boston, which name was subsequently changed to its present. The Society worshipping with the Church, was incorporated by the Leg- islature in 1838, by the name of the Maverick Congregational Society. The first house of worship was built and dedicated in 1837. The Soci- ety continued to occupy this house until 1844, when the present structure was erected. The building is centrally and eligibly situated on the cor- ner of Sumner street and Maverick Square, and is of sufficient capacity to accommodate from 700 to 800 persons. The Church at the present time (May, 1851) contains 156 members. PASTORS. Rev. William W. Newell, the first Pastor, installed July 19, 1837, left July 21, 1841. Rev. Amos A. Phelps, installed March 2, 1842, left June 2, 1845. Rev. Roberts. Hitchcock, installed Nov, 18, 1846, left Nov. 6, 1850. BALDWIN PLACE BAPTIST CHTRCH. 81 B\IiDAVIN PLACE BAPTIST CHURCH. This church was organized July 27, 1743. Al its formation it consisted of seven members. The first Meeting-House was dedicated March 15, 17-16, enlarged in 17^, and again enlarged in 1797. The corner-stone of the present edifice was laid May 2S, 1810, and the house was dedicated Jan. 1. 1811. The present church is built of brick, and its dimensions are SO feet by 75, exclusive of a tower 38 feet by IS. The first sermon in thi» "111 meeting-house, was preached March 15, 17-16. Tiie latter was iiriiriually a frame building, 45 by 33 feet, finished in a plain style, and contained a fount or cistern in w^hich the members were immersed. PASTORS. Rev. Ephraim Boand, ordained Sept. 7, 1743, died June 13, 1765. Kev. John Davis, ordained Sept. 9, 1770, dismissed July 19, 1772. ilev. Isaac Stillman, D. D., commenced Sept. 1773, left Oct. 7, 17S7. Rev. TnoMAs Gair. inst. April 22, 1789, died April 27, 1790. Kev. Thomas Baldwin, D. D., inst. Oct. II, 1790, died Aug. 29, IS25. Rev. James D. Knowles, ord. Dec. 28, 1825, dis. Sept. 20. 1832. Rev. Baron Stow. D. D., in.st. Nov. 15, 1832. left July 1, 1848. Rev. Levi Ti-cker, D. D., snttled Dit. 31, l-^H, present Pastor. 62 FIRST UNIVEKSAUST CHURCH. FIRST UNIVERSALIST CHURCH, HANOVER STREET. In the year 1735, the society of the late Samuel Mather sold their place of worship to Sliippie Townsend and others. In 1792, the then proprietors voted to enlarge the house. In 1793, Rev. John Murray, who had preached for the Society for several years, was installed as Pastor. In 1806, the So- ciety was incorporated by an Act of the Legislature. In 1838, the old house v^as removed, and a new and commodious brick church erected on the same spot. It was dedicated on the first day of January, 1839. From this Society, in about half a century, have emanated several oth- er Societies, who have erected for themselves places of worship in the city and vicinity, all of which are fully attended. PASTORS. Rev. John Murray, installed 1793. Rev. Edward Mitchell, installed 1810. Rev. Paul Dean, installed 1813. Rev. Sebastian Streeter, installed 1824. CATHEDRA!, OF THE HOLY CROSS. s:< CATHEDRAL. OF THE HOLY CROSS, FRAXKLIX STREET. This Church waa consecrated by Rl. Rev. Dr. Carroll, on the 29th of September, 180.3. It was afterwards considerably enlarged by Bishop Fen- wick, who also, in 1827, converted the b:isenient into a Chapel capable of containing 2,0(X) children. Rev. J. J. Williams has the charge of it. This Church is situated on Franklin street, is of large size, and capable of containing a very great number of persons. The architecture is of the Ionic order, after a plan given by Charles Bulfinch, Esq. PASTORS. Rev. Francis Matignon, D. D., from 1S03 to 1810. Rt. Rev. Dr. Cheverus, from IRIO to 1S23. Very Rev. William Taylor, from 1823 to 1S25. Rt. Rev. B. Fenwick, installed December, 1825, died August 11, 1846. Rt. Rev. John B. Fitzpatrick, succeeded Bishop Fenwick in 1846, and is the present Bisht>p. 84 FREEWILL BAPTIST CHDRCH. FREEWILL, BAPTIST CHURCH, NORTH BENXET STREET. This substantial and spacious edifice, in North Bennet street, was erected in the year 1828, for the First Methodist Episcopal Society, and dedicated by Rev. Stephen Marlindale, E. Wiley, then pastor. From this Church, which was the first Methodist society in the city, have sprung eight others, numbering several thousand members. In the year 1849, that Society purchased of tlie Unitarian, or Second Church, their new edi- fice in Hanover street, and removed to it in October of that year. In 1850, the Freewill Baptist Society purchased the edifice in North Bennet street, here represented, and removed to it. This Society had first occupied Marlboro' Chapel, and afterwards worshipped in Boylston Hall; then removed to Richmond street, where they remained till the year 1850. The Baptists of the 16th and 17th centuries, and at earlier periods, were persecuted with great severity. A proclamation was issued against them throughout England in 1533, and several were burnt at Smithfield. MINISTERS. Rev. E. NoYEs, first pastor, until 1848. Rev. Ransom Dunn, from 1843 to 1851. SECOND METHODIST CHAPEL. b:. SECOND METHODIST CHAPEL, BROMFIELD STREET. The above is a good vignette of the Second Methodist Chapel in Brom- field street, aa it appeared in 1S49. It is built of brick, measures 84 by 54 feet, and is a remarkably neat building. In the middle course of hammered stone, in the foundation, is a block taken from the celebrated rock on which our forefathers landed at Plymouth. It was dedicated Xov. 19, 1S06. Sermon by Rev. S. Merwin, Pastor of the Church. In 1835, the Chapel was raised several feet, and a commodi- ous Vestry and two stores fitted up beneath. This was the second Methodist Chapel built in Boston. Number of Methodists in the city at that time, 237. Since the dedication of this Chapel, tlie pulpit has been successively occupied by 30 to3."i different ministers, in accordance with the usages of the Church. Rev. J. B. Husted was the Pastor in 1843, and has been succeeded by Rev. S. Rem- ington, Rev. C. Adams, Rev. S. H. Higgins, Rev. L. Crowell, and Rev. Isaac A. Savage, present Pastor. Number of members, 412. There are now ten congregations connected with tlie Methodist Ciiurch in this city. In LS49 this Chapel was repaired and mcrterially improved, and it noio presents a somewhat difl^erent appearance from this representation. METHODIST CHURCH, SOUTH BOSTON METHODIST EPISCOPAL. The Methodist Episcopal Church in South Boston originated in the summer of IS34, under the labors of Rev. Abel Stevens, then pastor of the Methodist congregation in Church street. He commenced occasional preaching in a private room which had been procured by a few pious indi- viduals for the purpose of holding a public prayer meeting. The numbers attracted by the interesting and eloquent address of Mr. Stevens, soon rendered it necessary to seek a more ample place of worship. "Harding's Hall" was procured, which they entered Oct. 31, 1834. In May, 1S36, they removed to "Franklin Hall," and left in 1840. Their house of worship, having a pleasant central location on D street, between Fourth street and Broadway, was consecrated for Divine service June 17, 1840, It is a plain, neat edifice, of the Gothic style of architec- ture, and capable of seating about 550 persons. This Chapel in 1851 waa enlarged and remodelled. The basement was raised six feet, PASTORS. F. P. Tracy, 1S36. O. R. Howard, 1837. J. Macreading, 1833. J. MuDGE, Jr., 1839. H. C. Dunham, 1840. I. A. Savage, 1841 -42. J. Whitman, 1843-44. J, W. Merrill, 1845. G. F. Poole, 1846-47, H. V Degen, 1848-49. E. Cooke, 1850-51. FIKST CHRISTIAN CHURCH. FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCH, CORNER OF SUMMER AND SEA STREETS. ThisChvirch was organized July 1, 1804, with seven members. Their first meetings were held in a large wooden building in Friend street, then adjoining the Mill Pond. They afterwards occupied a hall in Bedford street, and Dec. 29, 1825, dedicated the brick meeting-house at the corner of Summer and Sea streets. This Society have had many preachers who have generally remained only a short time. When they are without a minister, the parishioners exhort among themselves. This is a privilege extended to members of other denominations. The Rev. Abner Johnes, of Hartland, Vermont, was the first nrinister over this Society, which was the fifth of the denom- ination organized in this country. Number of members in 1S44, 192. PASTORS. A. JoHNKs, fromlSO-ltol'507. E. Smith, from 1 SIB to 1817. S Clough, from 1S19 to 1824. Q. INIorgridge from 1825 to 1826. I. C. Goff, from 1828 to 1S29. J. V. HiMEs. from 1^30 to 1837. S. Clough, from 1837 to ia39. E. BuRNHAM, from 1-^39 to 18-40. J. S. Thompson, from 1841 to 1844. E. Edmono.s. present Pastor. 1844. 88 FIRST INDEPENDENT BAPTIST CHURCH. FIRST imj»kfem:)ent baptist church, BKLKXAP STREET. This Church was consliluled under the title of the " African Baptist Church," on the 5th day of August, A. D. 1305. It was incorporated under its present title, A. D. 1833. The building was erected for the use of colored persons, and was dedi- cated in December, IS06, when the Rev. Thomas Paul was installed as minister. Tlie house is 43 by 40 feet, of 3 stories, and built of brick. The building, which was built by subscription, is situated in a court near Belknap street, adjoining the "Smith School " edifice. It is very plain and commodious, being capable of seating 600 persons. The pro- prietors have it in contemplation, if the necessary means can be raised, to modernize, and otherwise improve the premises. PASTORS . T. Paul, from 1305 to 1829. W. Christian, ind. 1832, left 1832. S. GoocH. from 1832 to 1831. J. Given, from 1834 to 1835. A. Archer, from 1836 to 1837. G. H. Black, from 1833 to 1841. J. T. Raymond, from 1842 to 1847. W. B. Serrington, from 1847 to 1849. A. T. Wood, inst. 1850, left 1S.50. W. Thompson, settled October, 1350, present Pas- tor THIRD BAPTIST CHURCH. H5) THIRD BAPTIST CHURCH, CHARLES STREET. This Church, consisting originally of 19 members from the Second Baptist Church, and of 5 from the First, was constituted August 5, 1807. On the same day the Meeting-House was dedicated to the worship of God. It is built of brick, and e.tclusive of the tower, is 75 feet square. It is an elegant edifice, adorned with a cupola and hell, and cost $27,000. That portion of the street on which this Church was built, was reclaimed from the flats. The bell here used, was the first used in Boston by the Bap- tists. On the 5th of October, 1307, Rev. Caleb Blood, of Shaftsbury, Vt., accepted an invitation to become its Pastor, and the relation between Mr. Blo:)d and the Church was dissolved June 5, 1810. The present Pastor, Rev. Daniel Sharp, D. D., entered on his pastoral labors on the first Sab- bath in March, 1312, although he was not installed until the 29th of April, 1312. Dr. Lowell, of the West Church, is the oldest pastor in Boston now officiating. Settled in 1806. Dr. Sharp of this Church is the next. Set- tled m 1312. 90 PARK STREET CHURCH. PARK STREET CHURCH, (As sctn from the Common, 7iear the big Elm ) This Church was gathered February 27, 1S09. At its formation it con- sisted of 26 members. The corner-stone of the church edifice was laid May 1, 1809, and consecrated January 10, 1810. This Church is situated at the corner of Tremont and Park streets, — one of the most commanding and delightful spots in the city. The archi- tectural beauty of the spire, elevated 218 feet above the pavement, adds much to the appearance of the metropolis, and forms one of its most striking features when viewed from the harbor or the surrounding country. Number of members in July, 1842, 596, of whom 432 are females. PASTORS . E. D. Griffin, from 1811 to 1815. S. E. Dwight, from 1817 to 1826. E. Beecher, from 1826 to 1830. J. H. Linsley, foom 1832 to 1835. S. Aiken, from 1837 to 1848. A. L. Stone, present Pastor, installed Janu- ary 25, 1849. HAWES PLACE CHURCH. 91 HAAVES PliACE CHURCH, SOUTH BOSTON. The Hawe-s Place Congregational Society was incorporated in the year ISIS. The Church was formed Oct. 27, 1819. and consisted of 14 members. The Church was built in IS32. ami dedicated January 1st, 1S3.'3. This society in South Boston originated in the desire of a few individu- als, mostly of the Rev. Dr. Harris's congregation in Dorchester, to be ac- commodated with a nearer place of worship. The appearance of the Church has lately been greatly improved by re- moving the steps in front, and by other alterations. I\Ir. Hawes, the founder of the Church, dietl Jan. 20, 1S26, aged 88 years, leaving by his will sufficient funds for the support of the ministry. The first minister, Mr. Wood, received ordination as an Evangeli.st, from a Council assembled at Weymouth, Nov. 13, 1821, and died in 1S22, with- out sustaining a pastoral relation to the society. The Rev. Lemuel Capon was invited to become their minister Jan. 2S, 182:3, and sustained this re- lation to the society without a formal installation, in consequence of his connection with the Public School. He was installed as Pastor, Oct. 31, K827, and left in 1839. Rev. Charles C. Shackford was ordained May 19, 1341, left 1814. Rev. George W. Lippet was ordained 1844, left 1S51. The pulpit is at prospiit unsnpplifd. M MATTHEW S CHURCH. ST. MATTHEAV'S PROTESTANT EPISCOPAIi CHURCH, SOUTH BOSTON. Thia Church was organized in March, 1816, and for about two years ser- vices were held in the school-house, conducted by a lay reader. Tlie services of the Protestant Episcopal Church were celebrated for the first time, in that part of the city called South Boston, on Sunday, March 31, 1316. This Church is situated on Broadway, and is a neat and commodious brick building. The expenses of its erection were chiefly defrayed by be- nevolent members of Trinity and Christ Churches. PA ST ORS. From ISIS, till 1321, the public services were performed by laymen, or by clergymen who made occasional visits to the Church. The first or- dained minister was Rev. J. L. Blake, June. 1824, left June, 1832. Rev. M. A. D'W. Howe, Aug., 1332, left Oct., 1832. The Church was then closed till Feb., 1834. Rev. E. M. P. Wells, Feb., 1834, left April, 1835. Rev. H. L. CoNOLLY, May, 18.35, left May, 1838. Rev. Joseph H. Clinch, June, 1S.38. present rector. SECOND rXlVERSALIST CHITRUH. y3 SECOND UIVIVERSAIilST CHURCH, SCHOOL STREET. The Second Universalist Church, standing in School street, was conse- crateil October 16, 1817. The present Pastor, Hosoa Ballon, was installed on the '2oih of the following Decennber ; having commenced his labors in the Chnrch the Sabbath following its dedication. The Church was formed the third Sabbath in December, 1S17. As this communion is free to all who profess Christ, the number varies, ranging from one hundred to one hundred and fifty, the larger part females. The house is a plain brick building, without a steeple, 75 feet long and 67 broad. With the corner-stone a silver plate was deposited, being the gift of Dr. David Townsend, bearing the following inscription : — " The Second Universalist Church devoted to the service of the true God, Jesus Christ being the chief corner-stone, May 19th, 1817." In 1S4G, Rev. E. H. Chapin became connected with this society as an assistant to Rev. IMr. Ballou, he left in 1843. Rev. A. A. IMiner, settled ISIay 31, 1848. Tlie Unity of God is advocated by the Pastor of this Society. 91 CHAPEL, THILLIPS PLACE. THE CHAPEL., PHILLIPS PLACE, TREMONT STREET. This cut represents a front view of the hall in Phillips Place, where the Boston Society of the New Jerusalem formerly worshipped. This Society was instituted August 15, 1818, at which time it consisted of 12 members. It had had no consecrated place of public worship for a nunjber of years, but met in Phillips Place. The Society erected a Church on Bowdoin street, in 1844, and removed to it in 1845. The members of this Society are believers in the doctrines of the New Jerusalem, as revealed in the writings of Emmanuel Swedenborg. The three following are the principal doctrines of this Church. First, that God is one in Essence and in Person, and that he is the Lord Jesus Christ. Secondly, that the Word or Sacred Scriptures is Divine Truth, that it con- tains internal senses within the literal, by means of which it is adapted to all the various states of angels and men. Thirdly, that man is regenerated and thus prepared for heaven by living according to the Ten Conmiand- ments, and by acknowledging that his power to will and do them is the Lord alone. Thomas Worcester, present Pastor, settled in 1823. ESSEX STREET CHURCH. 95 UNION CHURCH, ESSEX STREET. This Church was gathered August 26, 1822. The Meeling-House in Essex street was dedicated in December, 1S16, and is owned by the Essex Street Cnngregational Society. It was rebuilt in 1S-1(I-41, and reopened March 2S, 1S41. The tower of this Church is new, and is seen to the best etTect from the corner of Harrison avenue and Essex street, as presented in the engraving. The side walls of the old house, with the roof, were carried up 12 or 15 feet, and a new floor inserted above the ground floor. A commodious and well-proportioned lecture-room now occupies a part of the original floor of the hnuse, entirely above ground. A marble pulpit, the first of that material in Boston, was placed in the Church when it was rebuilt. There is also a pedestal Font of white marble in the Chinch. The part of the city in tlie vicinity of this Church has lately been much imi)roved by the erection of handsome blocks of dwellings, and the open- ing of a new street opposite the Church from Essex street to Beach street. PASTORS . Rev. S.vMUEL Green, inst. March 26, 1823, dismissed March 26. I83I. Rev. Nehemiah Adams, present Pastor, installed March 26, 1S.31. The whole number of members July, 1842, was 576, of whom 130 were males, and 446 females. niPMwm !■ II I n II > ■■iiwiw I ■mill I'M I I 96 ST. PAUL'S CHURCH. mp^^^' ST. PAUL'S CHURCH? TREMOXT STREKT. The corner-stone was laid September 4th, 1819, with appropriate solem- nities. The Church was consecrated June 30, 1820. This edifice is situated on Tremont street, between Winter and West streets, and fronts towards tlie Conmion. It is built of fine ^ray gran ite, and is an imitation, so far as respects the architecture, of a Grecian model of the Ionic order. The body of the Church is about 112 feel long by 72 feet wide, and 40 feet high from the platform to the top of the cor- nice. The portico projects about 14 feet, and has six Ionic columns, .3 feet 5 inches in diameter, and 32 feet high, of Potomac sandstone, laid in courses. The interior of St. Paul's is remarkable for its simplicity and beauty. The ceiling is a cylindrical vault, with panels which span the whole width of the Church. It makes an imposing appearance, and is a credit to the city. RECTORS. Rev. Samuel Farmer Jarvis, D. D., instituted July 7, 1820, connection dissolved August 22, 1825. Rev. Alonzo Potter, D. D., inst. Aug. 29, 1826, dissolved Sept. 6, 1831. Rev. Dr. John S. Stone, inst. June 19, 1832, dissolved June 7, 1841. Rev. Alexander H. Vinton, instituted June, 1842, present Rector. BULFINCH STREET CHURCH. 97 BLLFlXCIl STKKKT CIILRCH. The house is of brick, and is 74 by 70 feet, having for its front a pedi- ment in wood supported by half columns, the centre ones in imitation of freestone, and the outer ones white, corresponding with the entablature. There are three principal entrances to the Church in front. It is sur- mounted in front on each corner by cupolas, in one of which is an excel- lent toned bell. The proportions and arrangement of the interior are in good tciste both for speaking and effect. The Society worshipping at this Church was incorporated by an Act of the Legislature, January 21st, 1823, by the name of the " Central Univer- salist Society." The corner stone was laid October 7th, 1822, and the fol- lowing is the principal inscription on the plate deposited underneath : — " HE th.it built and sustains all things is Jehovah. Thishou.se, devoted to the worship of Almijrhly God, and the promulg.ition of bis great Salvation through Jesu« Christ, the Chief Corner-Stone, was commenced, and this stone laid October VII., in the year of our Lord MDCCCXXII., of the Independence of the United States the forty-sixth, and of the Institution of the city of Boston, the first." PASTORS. Paul Dean, installed May 7, 1923, resigned May 3, 1840. Frederick T. Gray, present Pastor, installed November 26, 1839. 98 PHILLIPS CHURCH. PHILLIPS CHURCH, SOUTH BOSTON. This Church was gathered December 10, 1823, consisting at that time of thirteen persons. Rev. Prince Hawes, who had been some time preach- ing for them, was installed over them April 28, 1824. A house of worship was erected at the junction o Broadway and A street, and dedicated March 9, 1825. Mr. Hawes was dismissed April 13, 1827, and on the 22d of November of the same year, Rev. Joy H. Fairchild was installed, and was dismissed at his own request, May 16, 1842. The place of worship being too small, a larger one was erected on the same location and dedi- cated May 4, 4836. The number of members in 1843 was 240. The house is built of wood, and has 104 pews on the lower floor, and will accommodate, including the gallery, about seven hundred persons. MINISTERS. Prince Hawes, installed April 28, 1824, left April 18, 1827. J. H. FAiRCHiLn, installed November 22, 1827, left May 16, 1842. W. W. Patton, installed January 18, 1843, left in 1845. John W. Alvord, installed November 4, 1846, present Pastor. CHUnCH OF THE AUV£NT. i)9 u CHURCH OF THE ADVEXT, GREEX STREET. This Society was iiicorporaled in 1S-J6, and worshipped formerly in a liall at the corner of Lowell and Causeway streets. In December, 1S48, they removed to the Green Street Church. The seats in this Church are free, and supported by the free-will offering of the worshippers. The number of communicants is about 200. Rev. William Croswell, D. D., has had pastoral charge of the parish from its first organization. The MeetingHouse in Green street was consecrated for Divine wor- ship, October 25, 1826. This religious society arose out of the labors of Iheir pastor. Rev. William Jenks, D. D., who was installed over then) on the day of the consecration of their house of worship, October 25, 1S26. This building is plain, but neat. It is .^^urinounted by a square tower of a single slory, from a classic model. The seals can conveniently accommo- date about 750 persons. In 1843 this building was sold to the Episcopal denomination, and is now occupied by the Church of the Advent, being the eighth organized Protestant Episcopal Church in Boston. The Rev. W. Croswell, D. D., the present rector, was appointed at the season of Advent, (December,) 1844 ; and the Rev. F. W. Pollard, called as assistant minister in lS-15. The Rev. O. S Pre.'-cott is now a.ssistant. 100 TWELFTH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. TWELFTH COXGREGATSONAL. CHURCH, CHAMBERS STREET. Early in the year 1823, several gentlemen resolved to attempt the forma- tion of a new Congregational society, and the erection of a meeting-house for their accommodation in the western part of the city. In a few weeks 102 persons subscribed the sum of $23,300 for the building. An Act of incorporation was granted by the legislature on the 14th of June, 1823, for the '• Twelfth Congregational Society in the city of Boston." The comer- stone of the new house was laid May 10, 1824, and the building was dedi- cated on the 13th of October following, on which occasion the sermon was preached by the Rev. John G. Palfrey. The Church is pleasantly located on Chambers street, between Allen and McLean streets, and cost (land included) $ 34,000. It has 152 pews, and will accommodate 1,000 persons. The Rev. Samuel Barrett, of the- Cam- bridge Theological School, became the pastor, and on the 9th of February, 1825, was ordained, and has since remained the pastor. The parish library was established in the year 1S26, and the Sunday School in 1S27. The Society comprises about 200 families, is free from debt, and expends annually for the support of public worship, about thirty- one hundred dollars. BOWDOIM STREET CHURCH. 101 BOWDOIX STREET CHURCH. The Bowdoin Street Congregational Society, or Ciiurch, was organized July 13, 1525, under the name of the Hanover Street Church, and tiie cor- ner-stone of the first Meeting House was laid in Hanover Street, by the Rev. B. B. Wisner. It was dedicated to the worship of God on the Ist day of 3Iarch, 1826, and burned down on the morning of the 1st of Feb- ruary, 1830. Soon after this bereavement, the church and congregation adopted measures to repair the loss, purchased a lot of land in Bowdoin Street, where the present house was built, and obtained a charier from the legislature of the Stale, as the " Bowdoin Street Congregational Society." Whole number of members in May, 1S51, were 447. The edifice is a massive stone structure, 75 feet front by 93 feet in depth, built in the primitive Gothic style. The tower is 23 feel by 20, projecting 6 feet from the main wall. The house is in the centre of Bowdoin street. PASTORS . Rev. Lyman Beecher, D. D , inst. March 22, l^G, dis. Sept. 36, 1S32. Rev. Hubbard Winslow, inst. Sept. 26, 1S32, dismissed 1844. Rev. Jareh B. Waterburv, D. D., present Pastor, inst. Sept. 2, 1816. 102 ST. VINCENT DE PAUL's CHURCH. ST. VIK^CENT DE PAUL-'S CHURCH, ROMAN CATHOLIC, PURCHASE STREET. The corner-stone of this edifice was laid September 7, 1S25, and the house was dedicated on Thursday, August 24, 1S26, for the use of the Unitarian denomination. The building is constructed of rough hewn granite, and covers a space of 81 by 74 feet. It stands near Liverpool wharf, where the famous Tea vessels were moored during the memorable 16lh of December, 1773. The pastors were Rev. George Ripley, ordained November 8, 1826, and Rev. James I. T. Coolidge, ordained February 9, 1842. Owing to the many changes thai had occurred in that portion of the city, the Unitarian Society worshipping in this Church decided, in the year 1847, to erect a new building in a more central position, for the greater convenience and accommodation of the majority of the members. A lot was accordingly purchased during that year for this purpose. In May 1843, the Society removed to their New Church at the corner of Harrison avenue and Beach street. The Purchase Street Church has been owned by the Roman Catholics since that period, and is now known as St. Vincent de Paul's. Rev. M. P. Galigher, Pastor, from May, 1848, and at present officiating. HARVAUD STREET BAPTIST CHURCH. 103 HARVARD STREET BAPTIST CHURCH. This Church was constilnted March 27, 1S39. consistin;rnf 121 members, derived chiefly from the various Baptist Chiirclies in the city. They now number 500. As they met at first in Boylston Hall, ihey took the name of the Boylston Street Church, which has been chanaed to that of the Harvard Street Church, since their removal to the new place of worship. From Boylston Hall they moved to the Melodeon, and thence to the new Church. The corner-stone of the Church was laid in Blay, 1842. It is situated at the corner of Harvard street and Harrison avenue. It is a beautiful and commodious edifice, wiih a stone front. It will accommodate between 1,100 a:id 1,200 persons. The inside is distinguished for great neatness and convenience. Their first Pastor was the Rev. Robert Tiirnbull, who was installed August 25, iS39. Rev. Joseph Banvard, settled as minister in ISA6, and is the present Pastor. The Baptists were, as a Society, much persecuted in the seventeenth century, and prosecutions by the civil authorities were numerous against them in Boston, about the year 16(55. In 1729, the leg- islature of Connecticut passed an act to exempt Baptists and Quakers from ministerial taxes. 104 PINK STREET CHURCH. PINE STREET CHURCH. This Church, consisting of 42 members, was organized Sept. 2, 1827, The corner-stone of the Cliurch edifice was laid June 20, of the same year, and the house dedicated by the Congregational denomination, Dec. 25, 1327. The house has been extensively repaired, and some material alter- ations made in the year 1851. It is 71 feet in width and 80 in length, and contains 182 pews. The whole exterior is of a classic form, modelled af- ter the Temple of Theseus at Athens. On the south side is a pleasant Green. The interior of the edifice was remodelled in 1842. In the base- ment is a Vestry, 46 by 40, and a Committee room, 27 feet by 20. The front gallery is furnished with a handsome clock. Present number of members is about 200. PASTORS. Rev. Thomas H. Skinner, D. D., inst. April 19, 1828, left Aug. 27, 1823. Rev. JoNA. Brown, D. D., inst. March 14, 1829, left Feb. 16, 1831. Rev. Amos A. Phelps, inst. Sept. 13, 1831, left March 26, 1834. Rev. Artemas Boies, inst. Dec. 10, 1834, left Nov. 9, 1840. Rev. Austin Phelps, inst. March 31, 1842, left May, 1848. Rev. H. M. Dexter, present Pastor, ordained 1849. SALEM STREET CUVRCU. 105 SALEM STREET CHURCH. This Church was organized September 1, IS27. At its formation it con- sisted of 97 members, viz. 34 males and 63 females. The corner-stone of the Church edifice was laid July 17, 1S27. It was consecrated January 1, 1S2S. The whole number of members united to the Church, including the first organization, is S67. The number of members remaining November 14, 1S42, oG7 ; of whom 185 are males, and 3S2 females. This Church is built of brick, and is situated at the corner of Salem and North Bennett streets. It has a swelled front, and is a commodious build- ing, containing 134 pews on the lower floor, and 32 in the gallery, and two vestries in the basement. The body of the house is 74 by 71 feet. The vestibule projects in front about 12 feet. The ceiling is a simple arch from side to side, springing from a projecting belt of stucco which extends around the entire building. PASTORS. Rev. Justin Edwards, D. D., insl. Jan. 1, 1823, dis. Aug. 20, 1S29. Rev. George W. Blagden, Inst. Nov. 3, 1830, dis. Sept. 5, 1836. Rev. Joseph H. Tovvne, installed June 2, 1837, left Dec. 27, 1843. Rev. EnwARD Beecher, inst. March 13, 1844. 106 SOUTH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. SOUTH CONGREGATIONAL. CHURCH. This Cliurch edifice was erected in 1828, and was intended for the min- istrations of Rev. Dr. Holley, wlio formerly preached in the Hollis street pulpit. Blr. Holley was on his return from Kentucky to take charge of it, when suddenly his melancholy death disappointed the hopes of his friends who had erected the Church. The Church was dedicated Jan. 30, 1S2S; the Rev. Mellidh Irving Motte, who had formerly been an Epis- copal clergyman in Charleston, S. C, but had become a Unitarian, was invited to settle as Pastor, and May 21 . the same year, was ordained. Dr. Channing preached the sermon. The Society, under Mr. Motte. consist- ed of about 160 families. It showed great zeal in paying off a heavy debt that had been incurred in building the Church. In July, 1842, Mr. Motte reque.ited that his connection \\ith the Society might be dissolved. In September, the same year. Mr. Frederick D. Huntington, of the Theologi- cal School, Cambridge, was invited with great unanimity to lake charge of the congregation, and on the evening of October 19, was ordained. The liouse contains 124 pews on the floor, and 42 in the gallery. mariners' church. 107 MARINERS' CHURCH, PURCHASE STREET. This Church is under the charge of the Boston Seamen's Friend Society, formed in January, 1828. The Society previously worshipped in tlie hall oil Central wharf The corner-stone of this church edifice was laid August 11, 1829, and was dedicated January 1, 1830. A Church of 9 members w;xs organized, for the special benefit of seamen and their families, January 20, 1830. The Mariners' Church is situated in Purchase street, on the easterly ^ide of Fort Hill, fronting the harbor. Over it waves the Bethel Flag, in- viting the hardy seamen of Columbia to gather around tlie altar of their God, and each Sabbath day witnesses these gallant men, who never bent 10 a victor, on their knees before Him, in his house. PASTORS. Rev. Jov.vTHAN Gree.nleaf. chosen February 13, 1S30, dismissed No- vember, 18.33. Rev. DANiEr, M. Lord, installed Nov. 11, 1834, dismissed July 20, 18-18. Rev. George W. Bour.ve. installed February 15, 1819. present Pastor. 108 seamen's church. SEAMEN'S CHURCH, OR BETHEL., ]VORTH SQUARE. The Belliel, in North Scjuare, is owned by the Port Society for the city of Boston and vicinity, and cost $2.8,000. In the year 1823, several gentlemen of our city, of the Methodist Epis- copal persuasion, urged by an enlarged philanthropy, organized themselves into a .society, for ll)e moral and religious instruction of seamen, to be called '■ The Port Society of Boston and its vicinity." The Betliel was the first fruits of their design, and no one of our public charities has re- ceived a greater share of public eulogium. Another early act of tlie founders was to procure and settle a pastor over the Bethel, and their choice fell upon the Rev. Edward T. Taylor, who still continues to labor among his "chilih-en." as he affectionately terms the seamen, and his la- bors are attended with eminent success, alike creditable to himself and the great cause he advocates. The edifice, of which the above is a representation, is all built of brick, with the exception of the basement, which is of unhammered Quincy granite. It is 81 by 53 feet, and is capable of containing 1,500 persons. A part of the basement is used for a reading-room, for the benefit of those seamen who have leisure and inclination to visit it. GRACE ClUTRCH. 109 GRACE CHURCH, TEMPLE STREET. This Society was lormed in lS2i), ant! coiiUuued to increase very gradu- ally until towards January, 1835, when it was incorporated under the title of " Grace Church in liie City of Boston." The cornerstone of the Church edifice was laid June 30, 1835, and it was consecrated hy the Right Reverend Bishop Griswold, June 14, 1S36. The architecture of this Church is generally much admired, and it is a better specimen of the Gothic style than is ordinarily found in New Eng- land. The interior is beautifully painted by M. Bragaldi. The exterior of the building, including the towers (which are of the octagonal form). is 87 feet; breadth G-> feet. The basement is divided into 2 large rooms for lecture.-?, Sunday-schools, &c. The height from the main floor above the basement to the centre of the main arch, is 45 feet ; an arch is thrown over each of the side galleries, which is intersected by arches opposite the three windows on each side, and resting on each side upon four cluster col- umns of 24 inches diameter. HECTORS. Rev. Thomas I\I. Clakk, instituted November 13, 1836. left 1S43. Rev. Ci.EME.NT N. Butler, D. D , instituted 1844, left 1847. Re.v. Charlks Mason, present Pastor, in.«tituted 1848. IIA FO'-RTM IT.S'lVKP.SALiHT Cn-R"!!. FOURTH UIVIVERSALIST CHURCH, SOUTH BOSTON. This edifice is situated at the corner of B street and Broadway. It was built, and is now occupied by tlie "Fourth Universalisl Society," which was gathered in April, 1S30, um'er the labors of Rev. Benjamin Whilte- more, who was installed April 10, 1833. Rev. Thomas D. Cook, present minister, installed in 1844. From a small beginning the Society has grad- ually increased in numbers and prosperity. The Society was organized May 30, 1831, and incorporated April 19, 1837. Connected with the Society is a Church, numbering about 80 members. Also a Sabbath School with 230 scholars and 45 teachers. The Church edifice presents nothing very remarkable to the eye in point of arcbitecture. It is built of wood, with a brick basement, which con- tains two stores and the Vestry. The furniture and interior ornaments are neat, and well adapted to the comfort and convenience of the speaker and auditory. The origin of the denomination of Universalisls in Amer- ica, was in the year 1770. Mr. John Murray commenced preaching near New York ; visited Philadelphia and several parts of New Jersey ; came in 1773 to Newport, and thence to Boston, where he arrived on the 26lh of October of that year. CENTRAL CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. Ill CENTRAL. COXGRKGAIIOXAL, CHURCH, AVIXTER STREET. Tliis Church was or!x:mized I\Iay 11, l