Class _L^_J_=_Z. Rnnlc. T / 5 ; *=s v^l • ^N» r THE AMERICAN TRAVELLER; OR THROUGH THE UNITED STATES. CONTALNING BRIEF NOTICES OF THE SEVEKAL STATES, CITIES, FRINCIPAL TOWNS, CANALS AND RAIL ROADS, &c. WITH TABLES OF DISTANCES, BY STAGE^, CANAL AJIfi STEAM BOAT ROUTES. The whole Alphahetically arranged, with direct Reference to the accoynpnnying Map of the Roads, Canals, and Railways of the United States. BY H. S. TANNER. PHILADELPHIA PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, SIIAKSPEARE BUILDINGS. 1834. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1834, By H. S. Tanver, in the Clerk's office of the Eastern District of Pennsyl- vania. ^^Jt^ Joseph & William Kite, Printers. PREFACE. Brevity being- an essential quality in a book desigfned ^oi* the pocket of the traveller, 1 have endeavoured to embody- within the compass of a small volume, as many facts, and as much useful information, as a due reg-ard to the leading object of the present work vi^onld admit. I have therefore omitted all such details and extraneous matters, as wcjuld on- ly serve toaug-ment the size of the volume, without produc- ing a corresponding increase of utility. The work will accordingly be found to consist of little else than very con- cise statements of such facts in relation to the several states, their population, number of counties, area, forms of govern- ment, cities, towns, roads, canals, distances, &c. as would be most likely to prove useful to, or deserve the notice of, Uie traveller. Under the head of each city, or large town, is given an xcount, arranged in tabular form, of all the leading routes -om each, distinguishing between those by Steam-boats, Stages or Canal-boats, with the distances from place to place, carefully noted. A brief account of the principal objects of curiosity, in or near the larger towns, will also be iound under the head of each. With regard to the canals and rail-roads of the United States, the reader will perceive, that I have entered rather more into details than in the other parts of the work. Regardmg the subject as one of importance, I have drawn up from the most authentic sources, accounts of those works which will be found under the heads of the respective states. Those accounts will elucidate the extent, points of commencement and termination, and such other facts, as are considered important in reference to the general system of internal improvements in our country, ( iv ) The accompanying map, it will be perceived, exhibits all the leading- towns, roads, canals, 6i.c. with the distances from one place to another, distinctly indicated by figures. The numbers contained in each of tlie rhombs, formed by the intersectmg lines of latitude and longitude, refer to cor- res|)onding numbers in the descriptive volume. By consulting either the book or map, the place sought for in the other can be found with great facility. In addition to the information contained in the body of the map ; there are appended to the same sheet, the following supplementary maps, plans, &c. — 1. Environs of Boston. 2. Of Providence. 3. Of New York. 4. Of Philadelphia. 5. Of Baltimore and Washington, with a plan of the City of Washington. 6. Of Richmond, Va. 7. Of Charleston. 8. Of Quebec. 9. Of Montreal. 10. Of the falls of Nia- gara. 11. Of Albany. 12. Pottsville, Pa. 13. Pittsburg. 34. Map of the Hudson River. 15. Plan of Cincinnati. 16. Of Louisville, Ohio. 17. Of New Orleans. Four additional plans on a more extended scale, of Boston, New York, Phil- adelphia and Baltimore, respectively, will be found opposite the description of each of those places in the volume. H. S. TANNER. Philadelphia^ August, 1834. THE AMERICAN TRAVELLER, &c. EXPT.ANATION, To find the position of any place on the map, observe the num- ber in brackets, thus (100.) iminertiately succeeding th.- name in the volume. Look for the corresponding number on the map and within th." rhomb contaitiing that number, the place sought for will be f tund. The map itself contains in each of the rhombs, figures which refer to the index ; thus reciprocally tending to faci- litate th.=!ir use and application, one to the other. Abreviations Me. Maine. N H New Hampshire. Vt. Ver- mont. Mass. Massachusetts, R. I. Rhode Island. Ct. Connec- ticut. N Y. New York. N.J. New Jersey. Pa. Pennsylvania. D. Dnlaware. Md. Maryland. Va. Virginia. N. C. North Car- olina. S. C. South Carolina. G.Georgia. F. Florida. Al. .Al- abama. Miss. Mississippi. J.,. Louisiani. Ark. Arkansas. Ten. Tennessee. K. Kentucky. Mo. Missouri. II. Illinois. In. In- diana. Mic. Michigan. O.Ohio. Can. Canada. C H. Court-house. R. River. The population of the several states, &c. is given according to the census of 1830. unless otherwise expressed. The great leading rcmds can br? found by referring to the cities and towns through which they pass, thus for example, if the road from Washington to New Orleaus, bs required ; turn to the article " Washi ifirton,"" wh -re will be found thft route to Richmond Va. then to that of " Richmond," where the road to Raleigh is given, and so on. ABB ALA Abbot's Town, Pa. (155.) Alabama River, (299.) Adcocks, N. C. (236.) Alabanna, state of, (247,) is divided into forty-six coun- tie.s and contained in 1830, a population of 30 l,.527, in- eluding 117,549 slaves. Area, 52,100 square miles. Capital, Tuscaloosa. Metropolis, Mobile, Lat. 30° 41.' Lonp- 11° 12' W. General election, first Monday in August. F^cs^is- latiiro meet, fourth Monday in October. Coustitution formed, l&lJ. 1* O ALABAMA. Government. — The Governor is elected for two years ; salary $-V»()0. Secretary of State, Treasurer, and Comp- troller of Public Accounts ; — salary of each $1,000. Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in two branches, a Senate and House of Representatives, which together are styled, the General Assembly of the State of Alabama. '1 he representatives are elected annually, and are appor- tioned among the different counties in proportion to the white population; the whole number cannot exceed 100, nor fall short of 60. The senators are electeii for three years, and one-third of them are chosen every year. Their number cannot be more than one-tiiird, nor less than one- fourth of the number of the representatives. Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, in circuit courts, and such in'erior courts as the General Assembly may, from time to time, direct or estab- lish. The Judges, after November in 1 833, are to be elect- ed by a joint vote of both houses of the General Assembly, every six years. The Supreme Court consists of seven Judges ; and the state i' divided into seven Circuits, in each of which a judge of the Supreme Court presides as a circuit judge. The salary of each of these judges is $1,750. Physical Structure. — In the northern part of Alabama, mountains of considerable elevation occur between the val- ley of the Tennessee and the head waters of the Tombeck- bee, Black warrior, &c. Here the forests consist chiefly of oak, ash, hickory, elm, poplar, &lc. The central and southern portions of the state, are nearly destitute ot moun- tains, which wholly disappear in the south. The products of the forests here, are similar to those in the north, but interspersed with pine, which increases towards the south, forming, with the long-leaved pine, cypress, gum, swamp oak, holly, «fec. the immense forests which still exist there. Rivers. — Tennessee, Alabama, Talapoosa, ( oosa, Ca- hawba, Tombeckbee, Black Warrior, Chattahooche, &,c. Productions. — Cotton and corn are the chief, rice and sugar. Gold has been found in the northern part of this state. ALBANY. / Internal Improvements. — Consist of a Rail-road now in progress, from Decatur in Morgan Co. to a point lU miles below Tuscumbia, on the Tennessee. Length, G'2 miles. Huntsville Canal., from Triana on the Tennessee, to the town ot Huntsville, 16 miles in length. A canal has been commenced, extending from the head of ihe muscle shoals to Florence, length 37 miles. Other improvements are contemplated. Principal Towns. Mobile, Blakely, Montgomery, Tus- caloosa, Tuscumbia, Florence, Huntsville, rar\' 24 Tlieatfe 25 Museum 26 fl'iisliinaton Monum '. 27 J?rks 32 Bankot'Baltunore 33 buiian Queen Hotel JjJ]]i^^i]'' iilJJ]_J:idii3TJ- J _J :^. / Aj Jilij^t^: J J CM:>.aiail ^-!!HU JJ5'; _J^_J ^f-A\ ^^c5> v/x^ S c ale of 5oo looo BALTIMORE. 13 sal statute of Washington, elevated 1 63 feet. Battle Monu- ment in Calvert street. Exchang-e in Gay street. City Spring in Calvert street. Penitentiary on Madison street. Hospital in the N. W. suburbs. Cathedral ; Custom House ; two Colleges ; University buildings ; Alms House ; Court House ; two Theatres ; Museum ; Water Works, &.C. &c. ROUTES FROxM BALTIMORE. To Philadelphia by S. Boat To Washington by Stage. and Rail Road. Elkridge Landing, 8 Fort M' Henry, 3 Waterloo, 5 13 Sparrows Pt. 6 9 Vansville, 10 23 North Pt. 3 12 Bladensburg, 8 31 Pool's Inland, 13 25 Washington, 6 37 Turkey Pt. 23 48 Frenchtown, 16 64 To Washington by Steam N. Castle, by Rail R. 16 80 Boat. Chester, by S. Boat, 17 i)7 Bodkin Pt. 13 Philadelphia, " 18 115 Herring Bay, 32 45 Patuxent, 32 77 To Philadelphia by Steam Pt. Lookout, 20 97 Boat and Canal. Washington, B. P. 31 128 Turkey Pt as above 48 Mathews Pt. 18 146 ' Bohemia, 10 58 Cook's Ferry, 23 169 ^ Deep Cut, 5 63 Mt. Vernon, 18 187 TS c > St. Georges, 4 67 Alexandria, 9 196 o Delaware City, 5 72 Washington, 8 204 New Castle, 6 78 "^'hiladelphia. 35 113 To Wheeling, Va. by Rail Road and Stage. To Philadelphia by Stage. f Deep Cut, 2 Gunpowder V. 14 Washington road, 3 5 ■ bingdon. 10 24 '2 Still house run 1 6 lavre De Grace, 10 34 1 Patapsco river. 4 10 kton, 16 50 W - Ellicotts, 2 12 ilinington. 20 70 Pi Eagle Factory, 2 14 Chester, 13 83 Crossing of Pa Phi adelphia, 15 ye . tapsco, 15 26 14 BAL BAR . fSykes. 3 29 t Gillets run, (2 J Parrsville, 6 35 5 40 rs 1 New Market, 6 46 p2 IVIonocacy river L Frederick, , 9 55 4 58 (Thence to the Pt, of Rocks, 11 miles.) Middletown, 9 68 Boonsboro, 7 75 (Thence to Hagers- town 11 miles.) Williamsport, 12 87 Jjig Spring, 10 97 Hancock, 17 114 Prattsville, 18 132 ''Cumberland, 21 153 Mt. Pleasant, 10 163 Petersburg, 25 188 o Smythfield, 4 192 \Z Union, 21 213 c " B ownsville, 12 225 ■2 Hillsboro, 11 236 ^ Washington, 12 248 W. Alexandria , 15 263 .Wheeling, 16 279 To Frederick^ by Stage. EUicotts, 10 Lisbon, 12 22 Poplar Spring, 5 27 Parrsville, 4 31 New Market, 5 36 Frederick, 11 47 To Annapolis, by Stage. Patapsco R. 7 Indian Landing, 14 21 Annapolis, 9 30 To Gettysburg, Pa. by Stage. Hookton, 6 Reisterton, 11 17 Westminster, 12 29 Petersburg, 15 44 Gettysburg, 10 54 To York, Pa hy Stage. Govanston, 5 Towsonton, 2 7 Golden Ho. 7 14 Herelord, 7 21 W^isebury, 2 23 Stiasburg, 11 34 York, 14 48 Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road. See Maryland, (156.) Baltimore and Susquehanna Rail Road. See Mary- land, (156.) Baltimore and Port Deposit Rail Road. See Mary- land, (156.) Baltimore and Washing-ton Rail Road. See Md. (156.) Bangor, Me. (il.) Banister, Va. (216.) Barataria B.iy, Lou. (3^3.) Barataria Lake, Lou (323.) Barbourville, K. (211.) Bardstown, K. (189.) Bargainlown, N. J. (158.) Barnegat Inlet, N. J. (158.) Barnesville, 0.(151.) Barnstable, Mass.fll2.) BarnweU, S. C. (272.) BAR BER 15 Batavia, N. Y. (55.) Burtonvillc, Mo. (162.) Bi.tusville, Ark. (223.) Bath, N. Y. (7.).) Bath Rail Road. See New York, (7 ).) B.tli, Va. (154.) Bath, N. C. (238.) Bi.ton Rou^e, Lou. (308.) BaysT., N. C.231. Be.ufijrt, N. C. (2.58.) Beans Station, T. (211.) B:aver, P. (128.) Beauorl, S. C (2*0.) Be;trd 231 New York, 16 247 To Taunton, by Stage. Dorchester, 7 Bridgewater, 15 22 Taunton, 12 34 To Barnstable by Stage. Quincy, 9 Weymouth, 6 15 Hanover, 9 24 Kingston, 11 35 Plymouth, 6 41 Sandwich, 18 59 Barnstable, 13 62 To Rutland, Vt. by Stage. Cambridge, 4 Concord, 14 18 Groton, 14 32 I'ownsend, 9 41 New Ipswich, 12 53 Keene, 27 80 Bellows Falls, 20 100 Chester, 13 il3 C^avendish, 12 1 j5 Rutland, 26 151 To Concord, N. H., and thence to Monpeh er, Vt. by Stage. Medford, 6 Stoneham, 4 10 Andover, 11 21 Methuen, 4 25 Londonderry, 16 41 Hooksot Fulls, 19 60 Concord, 8 68 Boscawen, 10 78 Andover, Vt. 14 92 Grantham, 22 114 Dartmouth Col 11 125 Stratibrd, 16 141 ( 'helsea. 9 150 Barre, 15 165 2» 18 BRI Montpelier, 9 174 To Portland, Me. by Stage. Saugus, 10 Dan vers, 7 17 Topsfield, 6 23 Rowley, 8 31 Newburyport, 5 36 Hampton, 9 45 Portsmouth, 13 58 York, 9 67 Wells, 15 82 Kennebunk Pt. 6 88 S.ico, 10 98 Portland, 16 114 To Newhurybort, via Salem, by Stage, Chelsea, . 5 Lynn, 5 10 Salem, 5 15 Beverly, 2 17 Wenham, 4 21 Hamilton, 2 23 Ipswich, 5 28 Newburyport, 10 38 Boston and Lowell Rail Road. See Massachusetts, (85.) Boston and Providence Rail Road. See Massachusetts, (85.) Boston and Worcester Rail Road. See Massachusetts, (85.) Boston, O, (101.) Boston, N. Y (78.) Bowling--green, Va. (176.) Bowling-green, Mo. (141 ) To Portland by Steam-Boat. Point Shirley, 4 Nahant, 6 10 Marblehead, 6 16 Salem Harbor, 3 19 (Thence to Salem, 5 miles.) Gloucester Harb. 8 27 (Thence to Gloucester, 4 miles.) Cape Ann, 10 37 Newburyport Harb. 16 53 Boars Head, 7 60 Portsmouth Harb. 12 72 York Harb. 5 77 Kennebunk H. 12 89 Fletcher's Neck, 12 101 Cape Elizabeth, 13 114 Portland, 10 124 Miscellaneous routes by Steam Boats. Fort Warren, 2 Fort Independence, 3 Long Island, 6 Pt. Alderton, 10 The Brewsters. 10 Bowling green, K. (188.) Bowdoinham, Me. (40.) Bowerbank, Me. (l.-J.) Bow Canal. See New Hamp- shire, (62.) Boydtown, Va. (216.) Brandon, Vt. (60.) Brandon, Miss. (280.) Brattleboro, Vt. (84.) Brasstown, N. C. (230.) Brashears, Miss. {}iS{).) Bridge Town, Md. (1.57.) Bridgetown, N. J. (157.) BUFFALO. 19 Bridgretown, Me. (63.) Bridge Town, D. (178.) Bridgetown, Va. (198.) Bridgwater, Ala. (247.) Bristol, R. I. (HI.) Brockport, U. C. (34.) Brockport, N. Y. (55.) Brookfield, Mass. (84.) Brooklyn, C. (111.) Brooklyn, N. Y. (135.) Brookville, Ind. (148.) Brook ville, Md. (156.) Brownington, Vt. (37.) Brownsiown, Mich. (73.) Buffalo, N. Y. (78.) A flourishing city, situated on Lake Erie, and at the western termination of the Erie Canal. Population about 13,000. The public buildings are a court-house, several churches, banks, museum, hotels, &:-c. Stages, steam-boats and sailing vessels, arrive at and de- part from Buffalo almost every hour. ROUTES FROM BUFFALO. Brownsburg, T. (225.) Brownsville, P. (12 J.) Brownstown, Ind. (168.) Brownsville, 11. (185.) Browns, G. (250.) Bruinsburg, Miss. (295.) Brunswick, Me. (63.) Brunswick, N. J. (1.34.) Brunswick, N. C. (256.) Bryan C. H., G. ft>8).) Buchannan, Va. (l')2.) Buckstown, Me. (41.) Buffalo, Va. (172.) To Alba ly by th e Erie New Boston, 12 213 Canal. Canistota, 4 217 Tonnewanta, 11 Rome, 21 238 Pendleton, 12 23 VVhitesboro, 11 249 Lock port, 7 30 Utica, 4 -53 Albion, 28 58 Herkimer, 15 268 Holly, 10 68 Little Falls, 7 275 Brockport, 5 73 Canajoharie, 19 2 14 Ogden, 8 81 Caughnewaga, V2 306 Rochester, 12 93 Amsterdam, 11 319 Fair port, 18 111 Schenectady, 18 335 Palmyra, 11 122 Troy, 21 356 Lyons, 15 137 Albany, 7 363 Montezuma, 20 157 — Jordan, 15 172 To Albany, by Staff e. Syracuse, 20 192 WilliamsviUe, 10 Manlius, 9 201 Ransoms, 8 18 20 ROUTES FROM BUFFALO. Pembroke, 8 26 To Erie, Pa. b y Stage. Batavia, 14 40 Hamburg, 11 Ijcroy, 10 50 Cattaraugus, 19 30 Avon, 14 64 Dunkirk, 15 45 Lifna, 7 71 Westfield, 15 60 Bloomfield, 9 80 Burget's Town, 16 76 Canandaigua, 9 89 Erie, 14 90 Geneva, 16 105 Cayuga, 14 119 To Erie, and thence to De- Auburn, 9 128 troit by Steam Boat. S ^aneateles, 7 135 Cattaraugus, 28 Wcsthills, 14 149 Dunkirk, 13 41 Manlius, 12 161 Westfield, 15 56 Lenox, 14 175 Erie, 30 86 Vernon, 9 184 Fair port. 74 160 Utica, 17 201 Cleveland, 30 190 Herkimer, 15 216 Sandusky, 60 -^.50 Liftle F..11S, 7 223 Detroit, 75 325 Palatine Bridge, 20 243 Amsterdam, 22 265 To Hamilton, by Stage. Schenectady, 16 281 Hamburg, 11 Albany by Rail R. 16 297 Boston, 12 23 Springville, 10 33 To Niasrara Falls, by Stage. Ellicottville, 16 49 Blackrock, 1 Hamilton, , 20 69 Chippewa, 16 17 Niagara Falls, 2 19 To Ithaca, by Stage. Aurora, 15 To Niagara Falls, by Stage, Warsavr, 26 41 via Manchester. Perry, 8 49 Blackrock, 1 Moscovf, 7 56 Tonnewanta, 8 9 Geneseo, 4 60 Schlosser, 10 19 Dansville, 18 78 The Falls, 2 21 (x)nhocton, 8 86 Bath, 20 106 To Rochester, by Stage. Jersey, 10 116 Batavia, as above. 40 Salubria, 15 131 Bergen, 13 53 Ithaca, 20 151 Rochester, 17 70 CAB To Ithaca., via Batavia and Cayuga Lake. Cayuga, as above, 119 Union, by Steam B. 6 125 Bull's Bay, S. C. (291.) Bulltown; Va. (173.) BurksviUe, K. (209.) Burg-ettstown, P. (77.) Burlington, Vt. (.36.) Burlington, N Y. (»l.) Burlington, N. J (134) Burlington, K. (148.) CAP 21 Aurora, by Steam B. 7 132 Milton, do. 7 139 Lualowsville, do. 10 149 Ithaca, do. 8 157 Burlington, Ind. (146.) Burlington, O. (171.) Burnthorn, Ala. (2 <9.) Bushvillo, P. (108.) Butler, P. (12 J.) Buzzards Bay, Mass. (112.) Byron, G. (302.) Byron, Mich. T. (73.) Cabin Pt. Va. (197.) Cadiz, K. (207.) Cadiz, O. (127.) Cahawba R.Ala. (267.) Cahawba, Ala. (283) Calcasiu R., Lou. (306.) Calcasiu Lake, Lou. (320.) Caldwell, N. Y. (60.) Caledonia, Mo. (164.) Calhoun, T. (230.) Cambridge, O (127.) Cambridge, Md. (177.) Cambridge, S.C. (253.) Camden Me. (40.) Camden, N.J. (157.) Camden and Avihny Rail Road. See New Jersey, (134.) Camden, S. C. (254.) Campbellsville, K.(189.) Campbells T. (230.) Ca npbells, N. C. (255 ) Cumpbellton, G. (26;J.) Canandaigua,N. Y. (79.) Canaseraga, N. Y. (58.) Canajobarie, N. Y. (82.) Canadea, N. Y. (78.) Canfield, O. (102.) Canton, N. Y. (34.) Canton, Ind. (145.) Canton, O. (127.) Canton, Ala. (2b3.) Canisteo, N. Y. (79.) Cantwell, D. (157) Cantrel's Ch., Lou. (323.) Cape Ann, Mass. (86.) C. Elizabeth, Me. (63.) Cape Cod, Mass. (86.) Caoe Cod Bay, Mass. (112.) Cape Henlopen, D.(178.) Cape May, N.J. (179.) Cape Malabar, Mass. (112.) Cape Girardeau, Mo. (185.) Cape Hatteras, N. C. (23J.) Cape Charles, Va. (199.) Cape Henrv, Va. (199.) Cape LooL-out, N. C. (258.) (^ape Fear, N. C. (275 ) Cape Kear R., N. C. (2.35.) Cape St. Bias, F. (326.) 22 CAP CHARLESTON. Cape St. Joseph, F. (326.) Cape St. George F. (327.) Cape Vincent, N. Y. (33.) Carrolton, II. (14.3.) Carrolton, G. (268.) Carlisle, Penn. (131.) Carlisle, Ind. (166.) Carlisle, K. (170.) Carljle, II. (164.) Canni, II. (i6.5.) C rman,N Y (136.) Carnesville, G. {"^Sl.) Carney, G (305.) Carlersville Va. (I'^e.) Carthage, N. ( '. (2.35.) Carthage, N. Y. (58.) Carthage, T. (209.) Casco Bay, Me. (63.) Casiine, Me. (41.) Catskill, N. Y. (83.) Catskill and Canajoharie Rail road. See N. Y (8-2.) Cattaraugus, N. Y. (77.) Catletsburg, K. (171.) Cataw ba, R., N. C. (233.) Catawba Canals. See S. Carolina, (254.) Catherinestown, N. Y. (80.) Cavendish, Vt. (61 .) Cayuga, N. Y. (80.) Cavuga Lake, N Y. (80.) Cedar Bay, N. J. (158.) Cedar Ink t, N. C. (,258.) Central Rail Road. See Penn^ylvanii, (132.) Centre ville, (). (15: i ) Centrcville Md. (157.) Centreville, Va. (176.) Centreville, K. (187.) Centreville, Ala. (283.) Centreville, Pa. (103.) Centre, N. Y. (81.) Centre, P, (103.) Ceres, P. (11)4.) Chataugay, N. Y. (35.) Champlain, N. Y. (36) Cham plain Canal. See New York, (60.) Chambersburg, P. (155.) Chandelleur Isles, L. (325.) Chaplin T., K. (20:'.) Charleston, N. H. (61.) Charleston, Va. (155.) Charleston, Ind. (168.) Charleston, Va. (172.) Charleston, S. C. (291,) the metropolis of the state of South Carolina, and the sixth city of the union in point of population. It contained in lb30, 30,289 inhabitants, in- cluding 15,534 slaves. It is situated at the point of junc- tion of Cooper and Ashley rivers, which here unite and form the outer harbour. The public buildings are : Alms- house in Mazyck street ; the Orphan's Asylum ; Exchange ; Circular Church; Court-house ai^d City Hall in Broad street; Medical College in Short street; Academy of Arts and Circus in Queen street ; South Carolina SocietyV II^U ; Ho-^pital in Back street ; and about twenty churches, some of which are very splendid. CHARLESTON. ROUTES FROM CHARLESTON. 23 To Hamhv rff, Bloody Point, 18 94 by S. C. Rail Road. Savannah, 17 HI To Beesville, 15 Sumniersville, 6 21 To Wilmington, N. C. via Branchville, 41 62 Georgetowr t. Midway, 10 72 Jones', 33 Blacksville, 15 87 N. Santee R. 12 45 Aiken, 32 119 Georgetown, 14 59 Hamburg-, 17 136 Gr. Pedee R. 26 85 Conwayboro, 15 100 To Columbia, by Stage. Lit. River Inlet, 27 127 Dorchester, 20 Brunswick C. H. 24 151 Four Eloles Swamp, 17 37 Brunswick, 17 168 Kerrs, 14 51 Oldtown, 8 176 Orangeburg, 25 76 Wilmington, 8 184 Conheim, 25 101 Columbia, 13 114 To Fayetttville, N.C. by Stage, To Savannah, Ga. by Stage. Quinby Br. 25 Guerin's Ferry, 11 Santee R. 19 44 Parker's, 17 28 Black Cr. 15 59 Pocataligo, 32 60 Port's F. 34 93 Coosawhatchie, 6 66 L. Pedee R. 30 123 Hoggstown, 17 83 liUmberton, 34 1.57 Savannah, 23 106 Fayetteville, 32 189 To Savannah, by Steam To Cheraw, by Stage. Boat. Bedheirner's, 24 Fort Moultrie, 4 Monk's Corner, 9 33 Coffin Land, 6 10 Gourdine's F. 25 58 Stono Inlet, 11 21 Kingstree, 14 72 St. Edisto Inlet, 27 48 Lynch's Cr. 28 100 St. Helena So. 3 51 Darlington, 19 119 Truncard's Inlet, 21 72 Society Hill, 14 \3i Hilton Head, 4 76 Cheraw, 13 146 Chardon,0. (101.) Charlottsville, Va. (175.) Charlotte, N. C. (^34.) Charlotte, T. (207.) 24 CHA CtN Cbesterville, Me. (39v) Chesterville, S. C. (253.) Chesterfield, S. C. (254.) Chesapeake Bay^ Md. (177.) Chesapeake and Delavare Canal. See Md. (157.) Chesapeake and Ohio Canaly See Md. (157.) Chicago, II. (95.) ChickasawSj Miss. (245.) Chichis, Texas, (203.) Chicot, Ark. T. (i62.) Chillicothe, O. (149.) Chipola, F. (314.) Chippeway, U.C.(54.) Chiswell, Va. (198) Chittenango Canal. See New York, (82.) Cholsonville, Va. (217.) Chowan Navigation. See Virginia, (218.) Christianburg, Va. (194.) Christianville, Va. (21 6.) Church, N. C. (257.) Chataugay, L. C. (15.) Chattahochie, G (269.) Chiittaliochie River, Ala. (301.) Chattahochie R., G. (250.) Chatham, Mass. (112.) Chanmont, N. Y. (33.) Chagrine, O. (101.) Chehaw, G. (286.) Chelmsford, Mass. (85.) Chelsea, Vt. (61.) Cheeks, T. (21 1.) Chemung Canal. See New York, (80.) Chenango Canal. See New York, (81.) Cheraw, S. C. (255.) Cherokee, G. (24J.) Cherry Valley, N. Y. (82.) Chester, N. Y. (60.) Chester, Vt. (61.) Chester, \. H. (85.) Chester, Pa. (157.) Chester T. Md. (156.) Cincinnati. O. (148,1 the great emporium of the state of Ohio, was founded in 1789. Its population at present (lr34), is about 33,000, and is rapidly increasing. The public buildings consist of a Courthouse in Tenth street ; four Market-houses ; Bazaar in Third street ; Theatre in Second street ; Banks; College in Walnut street; Alhe- neum in Sycamore street ; Medical College in Sixth street ; Mechanics' Institute in Walnut street; two Museums, one in Main, and the other in Fourth street ; Hospital in Plum street; Lunatic Asylum; High-scliool, and about twenty-seven churches, some of which are very elegant. ROUTES FROM CINCINNATI. To Louisville, by Steam-boat. Lawrenceburg, 24 Aurora, 4 28 Rising Sun, 7 35 ROUTES FROM CINCINNATI. 25 Fredericksburg, 20 55 Vevay, 10 65 Fort William, 10 75 Madison, 13 88 Westport, 21 109 JetFerson villa, 22 131 Louisville, 1 132 Thence to N. Orleans, 1448 miles. See Louisville. To Dayton, by Canal. Reading, 12 Hamilton, 16 28 Middletown, 14 42 Franklin, 6 48 Miamisburg, 6 54 Dayton, 14 68 To Columbus^ by Stage. Reading, 10 To Pittsburg, by Steam-boats. Sharon, 5 15 New Richmond, 21 Lebanon, 16 31 Pt. Pleasant, 5 26 Waynesville, 9 40 Moscow, 6 32 Xenia, 15 55 Mechanicsville, 3 35 Charleston, 18 73 Augu>ta, 6 41 London, 11 84 Ripley, 9 50 Georgesville, 12 96 Maysville, 7 57 Columbus, 13 109 M,.nchester, 10 67 Portsmouth, 36 103 To Greenville, by Stage. Burlington, 41 144 Mt. Pleasant, n Guyandot, 7 151 Hamilton, 12 23 Galli polls. 34 185 Newcomb, 18 41 Pt. Pleasant, 3 1^8 Eaton, 8 49 Letart's Is. 29 217 Greenville, 28 77 Belville, 30 247 Parkersburg, 17 264 To Indianapolis , by Stage. Marietta, 13 277 Miami, 15 Newport, 16 293 Harrison, 8 23 Sistersville, 17 310 Brookeville, 17 40 Elizabethtown, 35 345 Somerset, 11 51 Wheeling, 13 358 Rushville, 14 65 Warrentown, 8 368 Indianapolis, 40 105 Wellsburg, 6 372 Steubenville, 7 379 To Louisville, by Staff e. Fawcetstown, 22 401 Lawrenceville, 23 Bearer, 19 420 Madison, 34 57 Economy, 9 429 Louisville. 38 95 Middletown, 9 438 Pittsburg, 11 449 o 26 CIN CtEVEtAWD. To Lexington hy Stage. Newport, Gaines, Theobolds, Georgetown, Lexington, To Chillicothe, by Stage. 1 I Newtown, 8 12 13 I Batavia, 15 23 12 25 I Williamsburg, 8 31 20 54 13 67 Hillsboro, Bi.inbridge, Chillicothe, 28 59 22 81 18 99 Cinthiana,K. (16P.) Circleville, O. (150.^ ClHiborne, Ala. (299.) Clarksburg, Va. (152.) Clarksburg, Md. (155.) Clarksburg, K. (170.) Clarksville, T. (207). Cleveland, O. (101.) is a place of considerable trade, being situated at the nortliern termination ot the Ohio and Erie canal. ROUTES FROM CLEVELAND. Clarksville, G. (251.) Clarksville, Ala. (2j8.) Clarktown, N. Y. (109.) Claytonville, G. (251.) Clekrfield, P. (104.) Clermont, N. Y. (83.) To Buffalo by Steam Boat. To Portsmouth, by Canal. Fuirport, 30 Akron, 38 Erie, 74 104 New Portage, 9 47 Westfield, 30 1.34 Massillon, 21 68 Dunkirk, 15 14J Bolivar, 12 80 Cattaraugus, 13 162 New Philadelphia, 14 94 Buffalo, 28 190 Gnadenhutten, 13 107 Coshocton, 26 1.33 To Detroit, by Steam Boat. Newark, 40 173 Huron, 50 Bloom held, 5^2 225 S.indusky, 10 6(1 (. ircleville. 11 v36 Detroit, 75 135 Chillicothe, 20 256 Piketon, 24 280 Portsmouth, 27 307 Clinton, N. Y. (58.) Clover Ball, Va. (174.) Clinton, T. (210.) Clubfoot Canal, See N. C. Clinton, K. (206.) (258.) Clinton, Lou. (.308.) Coal M., P. (104.) Clinton, G. (270.) COL COLUMBIA. 27 Coleraine, N. C. (218.) Coleraine, G. (317.) Coles, Va. (215.) Coles, N. C. (23.5.) Colinton, F. (327.) Coolidge, Ala. (2j8.) Codorus Navigation, see Pa. (132.) Colchester, C. (110.) Cold Camp, N. C. (256.) Cochectoii, N. Y. (1U7.) Coleman, Lou. (307.) Oblerainc, P. (148.) Columbia District of, (176.) Is divided into two coun- ties. Population in 1830, .39,858. Area, 100 square miles. Capital, City of Washington, Lat. 38=^ 53', N. The other towns, are Georgetown and Alexandria. Rivers, — Potomac, and its eastern branch. Internal fm- provements. — Alexandria canal, extends from the point of termination ofthe Chesapeake and Ohio canal at Georgetown, to Alexandria, 7 miles. Chesapeake and Ohio canal. See Maryland. Baltimore and Washington Rail roads. See Maryland. Columbia, N. H. (38.) Colutnbia, Me. (42.) Columbia, P. (13.>.) Columbia, Mo. (161.) Columbia, Ind. \,166.) Columbia, K. (189-) Columbia,Va. (1 6.) Columbia, T. (227.) Columbia, S. C. (254.) The capital of the state of South Carolina, situated on the great road from Washington to New Orleans. The legislative halls, state offices, and S. C. College, are the chief buildings. ROUTES FROM COLUMBIA. To Charleston, by Stage, via To Augusta, Ga, by Stage. Orangeburg. Lexington C. H. 12 Gran by, 1 Leesville, 17 29 Conheim,. 12 13 Lumkins, 6 35 Orangeburg, 25 38 Lotts, 12 47 Kerrs, 25 63 Edgefield, 10 57 Four Holes Swamp, 14 77 Augusta, 15 7'^ Dorchester, 17 94 Charleston, 80 114 ' — - 28 COLUMBUS. To Fayetteville, N. C. by Yorkville, 22 76 Stage , (Thence to Salisbury, N. C. Colonels Cr. 16 74 miles.) Ferry over Wateree, 14 30 Camden, 2 3i To Greenville, by Stage. Debrules, 12 44 I^exington C. H. 12 Sander?!, 12 56 Saluda R. 14 26 Black Cr. 9 65 Newberry, 17 43 Cheraw, 22 87 Belfast, 16 59 Boundary, 15 102 Huntsville, 8 67 Laurel Hill, 13 115 Laurensville, 9 76 Lumber R. 9 124 Reedy R. 19 95 Fayetteville, 24 148 Greenville, 19 114 To Yorkville, by Stage. To Winsboro, 29 Round Top, 10 — RufTs Ferry, 39 Winnsboro, 19 29 — N. Edisto River, 22 Chesterville, 25 54 — M'Cord's Ferry, 33 Columbia, N.C. (238.) Columbiana, O. (128.) Columbia, Ala. (301.) Columbus, Ind. (147.) Columbus, O. (140,) capital of the state, founded in 1812. Population, about 3500, and rapidly increasing. Public buildings : State-house, Court house, State offices, Peniten- tiary, &.C. ROUTES FROM COLUMBUS. To Cincinnati, by stage. Georgeville, London, Charleston, Xenia, Waynesville, Lebcinon, Sharon, Reading, Cincinnati, 12 11 18 15 9 16 5 10 109 To Portsmouth,, by stage. Bloomfield, 17 Circleville, Chillicothe Piketon, Lucasville, Portsmouth, 9 26 19 45 19 64 13 77 13 90 To Athens, by stage. T/ythopolis, Green Castle, 4 Lancaster, 7 Logan, 17 44 N.lsonville, 16 65 Millville, 4 69 Athens, 7 76 21 25 32 CONCORD. 29 To Wheeling, Va by the Jackson, 12 105 National Road. Medina, 12 117 Hebron, 28 Cleveland, 27 144 Zanesville, 27 55 Cambridge, 25 80 To Portsmouth by Canal. Fairview, 21 101 Junction, 10 St. Clairsville, 24 125 Bloon)field, 7 17 Wheeling-, 10 135 Circleville, Chillicothe, 11 28 20 48 To Portland , hy stage. Piketon, 24 72 Worthiiigton, 9 Portsmouth, 27 99 Delaware, 17 26 Norton, 11 37 To Cleveland, by Canal. Bueyrus, 26 63 Hebron, 34 Portland, 55 118 Newark, 10 44 _ ( /oshocton, 40 84 To Cleveland hy Stage. Gnadenhutten, 26 110 Granville, 27 Bolivar, 26 136 Mt. Vernon, 20 47 Massillon, 1. 148 Louden ville. 24 71 Akron, 33 LSI Wooster, 22 93 Cleveland, 37 218 Columbus Canal. See (Jnio, (14J.) Columbus, K. (206.) Columbus, Miss. {265.) Cornells, Ala, (285 ) Concord, N. H. (62,) capital of the state of New Hamp- shire. ROUTES FROM CONCORD. Columbus, G. (285.) Competition, Va. (215.) Coombsville, K. (IbJ.) Coinpte, Lou. (2j3.) To Boston, by Stage. Hook set Falls, Londonderry, Metbu^n, Andover, St.jncliam, Medibrd, Boston, To Mofifpelier, Vt. by stage. Boscavven, 19 27 Andover, 16 43 Grantham, 4 47 Dartmouth Col. 11 58 Strat.ord, 4 62 Chelsea, 6 68 Barre, Montpelier, 3* 10 14 24 22 46 11 57 16 73 9 82 15 bl 9 106 '3^ CONNECTICUT. To Portsmouth, by staple, Det-rfield, Ni)ttingham, Deiiham, Ncwinfj-ton, Portsiuouth, 18 6 24 34 5 39 7 46 To White Hills, by stage. Boscawen, 10 Bristol, 2Q 32 riymouth, 13 45 Thornton, 12 57 P.tlin^, 11 68 Beti,lcliem, 1 • 87 Mt. Washington, 15 10-^ Concord N. Y. ^83.) Coudersport, Pa. (104.) Concord, N. C. C:'34.) Cornwiill, Can. (14.) Concordij, L. (2,)5.) Copenhagen, N. Y. (58.) Conesloga Navigi.tion. See C'onneaug-ht, O. (102.) Pennsylv,.nii, (132.) Connecticut R. (3d.) Covington, N. Y. (78.) Connecticut, state of (101,) is divided into eight counties. PopuLition in lb30, 2*7,711 Area, 5,100 squ re miles. Capitals, H..rt ord and New H iven. Metropolis, Nevv- Haven. Lat 41° 10' N. Longitud 3^ 58 E. General election, first Monday in April; legislature meet first Wednesday in May; constitution formed, 18l8. Corieimnent. — The governor is elected annually ; salary $1,100. Lieuteniiit Governor receives $300 per annum. The Legisli.ture is styled the Gent ral Assembly, and consists of twenty-one Senators, and 208 members o; the House of Representatives, elected annually. The pay of the former is $2 a d.y each, and o the latter $1,50 a d>.y. The gener 1 Assembly has one stated session every year, alternately at Ha»"tford and New Haven. Judiciary. — The judicial pow(;r is vested in a Supreme Court of Eirors, a Superior Court, and such in erior ci;urts as the Legislature may istublish. The judges are ; ppoiuted by the General Assembly, and those of the Supreme and Superior ('ourts hold their offices during good behaviour, but not beyond the age o seventy ye..rs. The (/hief Justice of the Supreme (M)urt receives $1100 per annum. The four Associate Judges $1050 each. / hysicid Stivrtvre. — The st te of ( onnecticut is natu- rally divided into three p;irts by the rivi rs Connecticut and Hous..tonic. The eastern section is co n[)^ratively level, having but few, if any elevations deserving the nameof moun- COF CRO 31 tains. The middle section, or that portion of the stnte lying be) ween ihe Connecticut river on tiie east, and the Hoiisato- nic on the west, is strictly a mountainous rej.'ioi),esptci- lly the N. W. part o it. The third, or western section is, w i'h the exception or the southern portion oi Fdrfitld county, coiuposed almost entirely of hills and mountains, some of which attain to an elevation of 3,500 leet. Rivers. — Housaionic, NiiUfjfatuck, Connecticut, Furujing- ton, 'I'hames, Quineb ug and Shetuc! et. Towns. — Hartord, New Havin, Middletown, New Lon- don and Norwich are incorporated cities ; Hridgepctrt, Guil ord, Killingworth, Newtown, Stamlord, Stoningten, Waterbury, &c. Productions. - Indian corn, wheat, rye and other small grains; flax, hemp, «fcr. (Jtc. fntyrnal fm prove meats. — Farmington Canal extends from New Haven, to the north honiidiirv of tin Stote. It is proposed to continue this canal to Northampton a further distance of '22 miles; entiie length so far as completed 56 miles ; Enfield Canal is designed to overcome the Enfield falls in Connecticut River. Length 5 ]-2 njiles. Coffeeville, Ala. (2:")8.) Cote u du Lac, (^an. (14.) Conuecnh R., Ala. (300.) Connel»ersport, P. (104.) Cote Sans dessein. Mo. (162.) Coosa, Ala. (267., Cosawhatchic, S. C. (230.) Coosa R., Ala. (267.) Cotton port, Ala. ('MS.) Covington, (^. (270.) Covington, Lou. (3J K) Covington, T. (225.) Coshatlie Ii di:.ns, L. (306.) C^oyemans, N. Y. ('^3.) Crab Orchard, Va. (213.) Covington, P. (1;)5.) CrubOrch.ird, T. (230.) Coshattii Village, Ar!^ (277.) Crahs Bcttom, Va. (174.) Craflsbury, Vt. (37.) Craw orrisville, Ind (122.) Cr cket, N. C:. (254.) Croghi.nville, O. (.l^*.) Croiiked Lake Canal, see N. York, (7*.) Cross Fiver, Mis. (2 6.) Cr. Keys, Va. (217.) 33 CRO DELAWARE. Croton, N. York, (109.) Crpwn Point, N. Y. (60.) Crow Town, Ala. (24J.) Crugers T., Md. (155.) Cuffey T., S. C. (271.) Culbreaths, S. C. (271.) Cumberland, Md. (154 ) Cumberland, Va. (1^7.) Cumberland R., K. (207.) Cuml)erland, R., K. & T. (2ua.) Cumberland I., G. (313.) Cumberland Gap, Va. (211. Cumberland and Oxfurd Canal, see Maine, (63.) Cunningham, Id. O. (loO.; Currituck inlet, N. C. (219.) Curwinville, P. (104.) Cuthbert, G. (302.) DuguidsvilIe,Va.(195.) Dateville, Ala. (301.) Dallas, T. (22J.) Damascus, O. (98.) Damascus, P. (107.) Dan Navigation, see Virg. (215.) Danbury, C. (109.) Danbury, N. C. (215.) Danbv, Vt. (61.) Ddndridge, T. (231.) Danielsville, G. (251.) Danville, P. (132.) Dansville, N. Y. (79.) Danville, Vt. (37.) Danville, I!. (121.) Danville, K. (190.) Danville, Va. (215.) Darlington, S. C. (255.) D.rlington C. H , S.C. (272.) Darien, G. (305.) DavidsonviUe, Ark. T. (204.) Davis, Va. (217.) Dayton, O. (148.) Decatur, II. (144.) Decatur, G. (26j.) Dedham, Mass. (85.) Defiance, O. (U8.) Delaware, state of, (157.) is divided into three counties. Population 76,73J, including 3,305 slaves. Area, 2,2J0 square miles. Capital, Dover. Metropolis, Wiluiington ; Lai. 3.P 44' N. Long. P 23 E. General election, first Tuesday in October. Legislature meet, first Tuesday in January, biennially. Constitution formed, 17y2. Government. — Governor, term of office tour years; elect- ed by the people ; salary, $1,333, not eligible a second time. Legislature consists of a Senate, nine members. House of Representatives composed o:"twenty-one members. Judiciary. — Comprehends a court of errors and appeal ; a superior court; a court of chancery; an orphans' court; DEL DET 33 a court of oyer and terminer ; and some other minor courts. Physical Structure. — The two southern counties of this St te are level. In the northern part oi New Castle county, hills of considerable elevation occur. One of the most re- markable features in the natural geography of the state is the noted swatnp, situated on the summit of the mainridge, from which the waters flow into both the Chesapeake Bay on the West and the Delaware on the East. Rivers. — Delaware, Indian, Mispillion, Duck, Brandy, wine and Christiana creeks, I ranches of the Delaware. Nantikoke River which flows into Chesapeake Bay. Islands. — Pea Patch, Reedy and Bombay, Hook Islands. Productions. — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, oats, buckwheat, &c. Towns. — Wilmington, New Castle, Dover, Delaware City, Milford, Georgetown, Lewistown, <&,c. Internal Improvements. — Chesapeake and Delaware Canal from Delaware to Bohemia ; length 13 63-100 miles. New Castle and Frenchtown Rail Road extends from New Castle to Frenchtown, length 16 19-100 miles A Rail Road to extend from Wilmington to Downingtown in Pennsylvania, is proposed. Delaware, O. (125.) Delhi, N. Y. (82.) Delaware R., P. (134.) Delphi, Ind. (l^-^.) Delaware Bay, N. J. (157.) Demopolis, Ala. (283.) Delaware, Va. (1J8.) Demints, II. (165.) Deliware S^ Raritan Canal, Denton, Md. (178.) see N. Jersey, (134.) Dennyville, Me. (42.) Delaware & Raritan Feeder, Dennis Ct., N. J. (158.) see N. Jersey, (134.) Deposit, N. J. (81.) Delaware, Ark. T. (^60.) Deerfield, O. (101.) Detroit, Mich. T. (74.) This is the present capital of Michegan Territory. Its population is now (1834), about 4,000. Founded by the French in 1670. The public buildings are. a legislative hall, market and court houses, churches, &cc. 34 DETROIT. ROUTES FROM DETROIT. To Cincinnati, by Staoe. Factory, 16 102 B. Rouge, 6 Post 0. St. Josephs Brownstown, 10 16 River, 50 152 Monroe, 19 35 Edwardsville, 20 172 Perrysburg, 30 65 Calamic River, 81 253 Finley, 40 105 Chicago, 14 267 Hardin, 31 136 Bellefontaine, 22 158 To Chicago, via Montcalm. West Libertjs 8 166 Schwarzburg, 20 Urbana, 11 177 Dexter, 29 49 Springfield, 14 191 Montcalm, 25 74 yellow Springs, 9 200 Kalamazoo, 63 137 Xenia, 9 209 Mouth of St. Waynesville, 15 224 Josephs, 47 184 Lebanon, 9 233 Chicago by Steam B. 64 248 Reading, 21 254 Cincinnati, 10 264 To Chicago by Steam Boat. Grants Pt. 12 To Buffalo, by Steam Boat. Horson's I. 18 30 Sandwich, 3 Cottrellville, 8 3d Fighting Island, 5 8 Palmer, 12 50 Gra'^s I. 7 15 Bunceville, 6 56 Anihurstburg, 4 19 Fort Gratiot, 7 63 Middle Sister, 20 39 White Rock, 42 105 Pass I. 17 56 Pt. au Barques, 35 140 Sandusky, 19 75 Thunder Island, 30 170 Cleveland, 60 135 Middle I. 25 195 Fairport, 30 165 Presque I. 60 255 Erie, Pa. 74 239 Mackinaw, 55 310 Wtstfield, 30 269 Beaver I. 45 355 Dunkirk, 15 284 Manitou I. 35 3-0 Cattaraugus, 13 2:)7 Chicago, 250 640 Buffklo, 28 325 To Ft. HoiPard, Green Bay, To Chicago, by Stage. by Steam Boat. R. Rouge, 10 [?oaver I. as above, 355 Ypsilanti, 18 28 J. Brule, 30 3«5 Jackson, 11 39 G. Traverse, 10 3d5 Jonesville, 47 86 Die EASTON. 35 Chambers 1. 25 420 Green I. 15 435 Fort Howard, 40 475 To Saginaw, by Stage. Pontidc, 24 Indian Vil. 35 59 Saginaw, 34 93 Dickinsonville, Va. (212.) Dismal Swamp Cunal. See Va. (21W.) Dittos, Ala. (2480 Dixmont, Me. (40.) Dixon's F., II. (93.) Doaks, Miss. (2.S0.) Dobson, N. C. (214.) Dobv Inlet, G. (305.) Dociortown, G. (305.) Dagshoro, D. (17b) DonaJdsonville, Lou. (308.) Dorchester, S. C. (2j0.) Dorchester, L. C. (15.) Dover, N. H. (63.) Dover, capital ot the state of Delav\are, (157.) Dover, Va. 197. Dover, T. (207.) To Fort Grutiol by Stage. Mt. Clemens, 20 Palmer, 26 46 Bunceville, 6 52 Ft. Gratiot, 7 59 E. Downing T., Pa. 133. Doyleslown, Pa. (133.) Drehr's Canal. See S. C. (253.) Drummondton, Va. (199.) Dresden, T. (206.) Duanesburg, N. Y. (82.) Dublin, G. (^88.) Duerville, N. Y. (36.) Dulatsburg, P. (133.) Dumfries, Va. (176.) Dumfries, Ala. (298.) Duridaff, P. (107.) Dunkirk, Va. (197.) Dunlapsville, Ind.(l48.) Dunn, Ala. (266.) Duplin C H., N. C. (257.) Dwight, Ark. T. (221.) Dyersburg, T. (225). Earleysburg, Pa. (131.) Eastport, Me. (42.) East Andover, Me. (39.) Kaston, Pa. (1.33.) a flourishing town, and seat of justice of Northampton county. It contains a court house, jail, academy, and two banks, with a population of about 5000. ROUTES FROM EASTON. To M'wch Chunk, by CamL To Bristol, by term, canal. Bethlehem, ■"■'•,;- - 12 Raubsville, 5 AUcntown, 5 17 Monroe, 6 IJ BcHin, 11 28 Ervveriton, 9 20 Lehightown, 14 4.' Lumberville, 9 23 Mduch Chunk. 4 46 New Hope, 6 35 " Taylorsville, 8 43 36 ELM Yardleyville, Morrisville, Tnllytovvn, Bristol, 3 46 4 50 5 55 5 60 To Jersey City, hy Morris canal. Hacket's, N. J. 26 Dover, 20 46 Boonton, 10 56 Paterson, 16 Tl Newark, 14 86 Jersey City. 14 100 To Reading, hy Bethlehem, Allentown, Trexlerstown, Kutztown, Reading, 10 6 16 8 24 9 31 17 50 Easton, Md. (178.) East Fork, Ind. (167.) Eaton, O. (14(S.) Eatonton, G. (270.) Ebenezer, G. (28 ).) Ebensburg, P. (130.) Edenton, N. C. (218.) Edgar Town, Mass. (112.) Edgefield, S. C. (272.) Edington, Me. (41.) Edinburg, G. (252 ) EdistoR.,S.C. (273.) Edwardsburg, Mich. T. (96.) Edwardsville, II. (164.) Eddyville, K. v;i87.) Egnice, N.C. (215.) Elba, N. Y. (36.) To Wilkesbarre, by Stage. Wind Gap, 13 Stoddartsville, 27 40 Wilkesbarre, 18 58 To New York, by Stage. Schooley's Mt. Springs, 26 Morristown, 21 47 Newark, 19 66 New York, 10 76 To Philadelphia, by Stage. Ottsville, 17 Doylestown, 15 32 Willow Grove, 11 43 Philadelphia. 13 56 To Trenton, N. J. hy Stage. Bloomsbury, N. J. 8 Flemmington, 19 27 Pennington, 16 43 Trenton. 8 51 Elberton, G. (252.) Elizabeth I., Mass. (112.) Eliza bethtown, N.J. (l34.) Elizabethtown, K. (189.) Elizabeth, Mo. (162.) Elizabeth, N. C. (256.) Elizabeth City, N. C. (218.) Elkton, T. (227 ) Elkton, Md. (157.) Elkton, K. (207.) Elkhearl Grove, II. (143.) Ellicott,Md. (156.) Ellicottsville, N.Y. (78.) Ellis, N. C. (256.) EUisville, Miss. (297.) Ellisto I., S. C. (2d0.) Elms, S. C. (290.) ELM FLORIDA. 37 Klmore, Vt. (37). Elyria, O. (100.) Elysian Fields, Miss. (295.) Elyton, Ala. (267.) Eniporiutn, P. (104.) Enfield Canal, seeCt.<110.) Englishman's Bay, Me. (4^2.) E,.els, S. C. (254.) Erie Canal, in N, Y. (56.) Erie, Ala. (283.) Ernestown, U. C. (33.) Erie, P. (76.) Errol, N. H. (38.) Essex, N. y. (36.) Estelsville, Va. (212.) Etowah, G. (250.) Etowah R., G. (250.) Euphrata, P. (132.) Eutaw Springs, S. C. (273.) Evansville, Ind. (166.) Evansham, Va. (213.) Exeter, N. II. (86.) Fairfield, C. (10:).) Fairfield, 11.(165.) Fairfield, Va. (195.) Fairfax, Va. (175.) Florida, (313.) The territory of Florida is divided into 18 counties, and has a population of about 40,000. Area 55,680 square miles. Government. — The Governor is appointed by the Presi- dent, by, and with the advice and consent of the Senate; — salary, $2,500 per annum. Secretary, — salary, $1,500. The Legislative Council consists of sixteen members, and meets annually (at Tala/iassee) on the first Monaay in Jan- ary. Judiciary. — There are four judges, appointed by the President and Senate — one lor each of the four districts which have been named. The salary of each, $1,500. thi/sical Structure. — The entire Territory ol Florida, Fairfax, Va. (176.) Fuirhaven, O. (1 00.) Fairview, O. (127.) Falmouth, K. (169.) Falmouth, Mass. (112.) Fannetsburg, P. (1 31.) Farmington, C;t. (110.) Farminglon Canal, see Ct. (108.) Farmington, Mo. (184.) Farrington, 11. (118). Farmville, Va. (1:j6.) Fayetteville, N. V. (236.) Fayetteville, T. (228) Fayetteville, Ala. (265). Fayetteville, G (26J.) Finley, O. (99.) Fincastle, Va. (195.) Fish hou.se, N. Y. (59.) Fishkill, N. Y. (lOd.) Fisher's I., C. (110.) Flat Rock, P. (1530 Flemington, N. J. (134.) Fleiiiingsburg, K. (170.) Flint River, G. (^302.) 38 FLORIDA. with the exception of a small portion west of the Appalachi- cola, is remarkable for its level and unbroken surface. No elevation deserving the name of mountain, nor anj' hill exceeding 300 feet in height, is to be found. In t le vi- cinity of Toloso, a limestone ridge occurs, merely sufficient to give motion to the wate.s. Natural bridges, common to limestone regions, abound in this section of the territory. Proceeding southward, the ridge just mentioned becomes more depressed, until it reaches the source of the Oclawaha, where it disappears entirely, though similar geological features may be traced several miles further south. All below the 2n° of N. Lat. consist of flat lands, subject to oc- casional, hnd a large portion of it, to constant submersion. Rivers. — St. Johns, Escambia, Yellow Water, Chocta- whatchie, Appalachicola, Oclackonnee, JJuwanee, St. Ma- rys, &c. Bays. — Perdido, Pensacola, Choctawhatchie, St. An- drews, Appalachee, St. Josephs, Charlotte, Gailivans, and Chatham on the Gulf No bays of any importance exist on the Atlantic side of the Territory ; Mosquito Lagoon, Indian river, &c. re- seuible bays, but like the St. Johns, they are merely ex- panded rivers, and cannot with propriety be caiicd bays. ■ Productions. — Cotton, rice, sugar, tobacco, indiyo, In- dian corn, &.C. togetl-er with a great variety of garden vegetables. Toioris. — Tallahassee, the capital ; Pensacola, St. Augus- tine, Alaqua, VVebbville, Appalachicola, Quincy, Monticello, Jacksonville, &lc. Florida, F. (315.) Fort Portage O. (99.) Florida, Ala. (2.)8,) Fort Ann, N. Y. (60.) Florence, Ala. (247.) Fort Dearborn, II. (95.) Ford^., Miss. (2.'<7.) Fort Edwards, II. (117.) Forsyth, G. (^270.) Fort Erie, U. C. {11.) Forliii, Lou. (309.) Fort Brown, O. (98.) Fort Gratiot, Mich. T. (51.) Fort Necessity, O. (125.) Fort St Mary, O. (124.) Fort Deposit, Ala. (248.) Fort Amanda, O. (124.) Fort Early, G. (286.) Fort Recovery, O. (124.) Fort Armstrong, Ala. (249.) GALENA. 39 Fort Strother, Ala. (267.) Fort Chinnabie, Ala. (267.) Fort Talladega, Ala. (267.) Fort Williams, Ala. (267.) Fort Jackson, Ala. (284.) Fort Mitchell, Ala. (285.) Fort Bainbridge, Ala. (285.) Fort Lawrence, G. (2S6.) Fort Mimms, Ala. (299.) Fort Crawford, Ala. (299.) Fort Dale, Ala. (.300.) Fort James, G. (304.) Fort Gaines, G. (301.) Fort Scott, G. (315.) Fort Barrington, G. (305.) Fort Bowyer, Ala.(311.) Fort St. Phillip, Lou. (324.) Fowl, T. (314.) Francestown, N. H. (85.) Franconia, N. H. (38.) Franklin, Pa. (103.) Frankhn, Va. (174.) Franklin, Ind. (147.) Franklin, K. (208.) Franklin, T. (228.) Franklin, N. C (231.) Franklin, G. (269.) Franklin, Miss. (295.) Franklin, Lou. (.32-2.) Franklintown, Lou. (309.) Franklinville, G. (316.) Frankfort, II. (186.) Frankfort, Lid. (122.) Frankfort, Va. (1.94.) Frankfort, capital of Ken- tucky, (169.) Franktown, Va. (199.) Fraser,N.C. (217.) Fredericksburg, Ind. (167.) Fredericksburg, Va. (176.) Fredericktown, Md. (155.) Fredericktown, Mo. (184.) Fredericktown, O. (126.) Fredonia,N.Y (77.) Fredonia, O. (167.) Freehold, N. J. (134.) Freeport, Pa. (129.) Freeport, Me. (63.) Frenchmans B. Me. (4L) French T., Miss. (311.) Friendsvillo, Pa. (106.) Fulsoms, Miss, (265.) Fryburg, Me. (62.) Foxboro, Mass. (85.) G. Gainsville, G. (25 1 .) Galvezton, L. (309.) Galena, 111. (66,) is the centre of an extensive lead re- gion, in Illinois, and the districts of Huron or Wisconsin, and Sioux. Population about 2000. ROUTES FROM GALENA. 3'o St. Louis, hy Steam Rush Creek, 8 26 Boat. Plum Creek, 10 36 MisFissippi River, 4 Maradozia, 10 46 Apple Creek, 14 18 Fort Armstrong, 24 70 40 GAL Copper Creek, 26 96 GEORGIA. To Fort Winnebago by land. Fort Rdvvards, lUO 196 Gratiot's Grove, 15 Hannibal, 41 237 Dodgeville, 30 45 Louisiana, 25 262 Moundville, 14 59 Illinois River, 72 .334 Fort Winnebao^o, 54 113 Missouri River, 17 351 St. Louis, 17 368 To Chicago, by land, 169 To Prairie du C/iien. To Vandalia, by land. N. boundary of 11. 17 Rock River, 65 L. Platte Cr. 7 24 Peoria, 76 141 Grant Cr. 6 30 Spring-fieldf 65 206 Cassville, 14 44 Vandalia, 55 261 Prairie Du Chien, 24 68 Gallipolis,0. (171.) Gallatin, T. (208.) Gandysville, Va. (153.) Gap,N. H. (38.) Garland, Me. (40.) Gasconade, Mo. (162.) Gasconade R., Mo. (182.) Gasaways, II. (186.; Gates C. H., N. C. (218.) Gate woods, II. (166.) Genereau, Mich. (49.) Geneseo, N. Y. (79.) Geneva, N. Y. (80.) Georgetown, P. (132.) Georgetown, Pa. (128.) Georgetown, D.C. (176.) Georgetown, O. (170.) Georgetown, D. (178.) Georgetown, S. C. (274.) Georgetown, G. (271.) Georgetown, K. (169.) Georgia, (270.) The state of Georgia is divided into ninety-nine counties. Population 516,567, including 2 1 7,470 slaves. Area, 61,500 square miles. Capital, Mil- ledgeville. Metropolis, Savannah, lat. 32° 03' N. long. 4° 03' W. General election, first Monday in October. Leg s- lature meet first Monday in November. Constitution formed, 1798. Government. — The governor is elected by the people, for two years; salary $3,000. The legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of RepresentativCvS, styled the Gene- ral Assembly. The members of both houses are chosen annually, on the first Monday in October, and meet on the first Monday in November. One Senator is elected for each county, and the number of Representatives is in pro- GEORGIA. 41 portion to population, including three-fifths of all the people of colour; but each county is entitled to at least one, but not more than four. Judiciary. — Superior Court, the judges of which are elected by the legislature for three years and i-eceive an- nually $2,100 each. The justices of the inferior courts, and justices of the peace, are elected quadrennially by the people. Physical Structure. — Nearly two-thirds of the state, on the south-east, present a level aspect, nearly destitute of mountains. North-west of the great road leading from Augusta to Columbia, the country becomes mountainous, increasing in elevation as we proceed westward, until it attains a mean altitude of about 1200 feet. This inclined plane, which contains the gold region, is suddenly termi- nated by the Blue Ridge, which separates the waters of the Tennessee from those of the Coosa, &lc. Rivers. — Coosa, Chattai)oochee, Flint, Suwanee, Santilla, Alatamaha, OcmuJgee, Oconee, Ogechee and Savannah. Productions. — Cotton, rice, timber, tobacco, Indian corn, and fruits in great variety and abundance. Gold, and some other minerals. Internal Improvements. — Savanah and Ocrechee Canal^ commences at Savannah, and intersects the Great Ogechee a short distance above the mouth of Cannouchee river. An extension of this work is proposed, of sixtjr miles, to the Alatamaha. — Alatamaha and Brunswick Rail Road, twelve miles in length. Towns. — Savannah, Milledgeville, Augusta, Darien, Macon, Columbus, Washington, Louisville, St. Marys, Greensboro, Sparta, &,c. Germantown, Pa. (133.) Gilead, II. (142.) Germantown, Va. (195.) Gilford, N. H. (62.) Germantown, N C. (238.) Gilmanton, N. H. (62.) Gettysburg, Pa. (155.) Gloucester, Mass, (86.) Germantown, N. C. (-214.) Gloucester, Va. (198.) Gibraltar Pt., U. C. (54.) Glasgow, K. (189.) Gibsonport, Miss. (295.) Golconda, II. a86.) Gilboa,N. Y. (82.) Goldsboro, Me. (41.) 4* 42 GOL HAR Gold Region, G. (250.) Good, N. C. (233.) Gorham, Me (63.) Goshen, N. Y. (1U8.) Governeur, N. Y. (34.) Grand Lake, Me. (21.) Grand Id., U.C. (33.) Grand R., Mich. (71.) Granger, O. (101.) Granville, Mass, (84.) Gratz, Pa. (132.) Gr. Egg- Harbour, N. J. (158.) Gr. Menan Id., N. B. (42.) Gr. Ogechee R., G. (288.) Greensboro, Vt. (37.) Greensboro, G. (270.) Greensboro, Ala. (283.) Greensbujg, P. (12.).) Greensburg, Ind.fl47.) Greensburg, K. (189.) jlreenupsburg, K. (171.) Greenville, II. (164.) Haddam, Con. (110.) Hadensville, Va. (196.) Hadley (south) Canal, see Massachusetts, (84 ) Hagerstovi^n, Md. (155.) Halilax, P. (132) Halifax, N.C. (217.) Hallows 11, Me. (40.) Halls, N. 0. (235.) Hdinhurg, N. J. (108.) Hamburg, P. (133.) Hamburg, S. C. (272.) Hamilton, N. Y. (78.) Hamilton, O, (148.) Hamilton, Miss. (280.) Hamiltons, Lou. (278.) Greenville, S. C. (252.) Greenville, K. (187.) Greenville, O. (124.) Greenville, Ind. (168.) Greenville, Mo. (184.) Greenville, T. (212.) Greenville, N. C. (237.) Greenville, Miss. (295.) Greenfield, Mass. (84.) Greenfield, Ind. (147.) Greenfield, O. (149.) Greensville, Va. (213.) Greensville, Ala. (300.) Green River, K. (187.) Greene C. H., Miss. (298.) Greene, N. Y. (81.) Greencastle, Ind. (146.) Greencastle, P. (155.) Greenock, Ark. (224.) Grinders, T. (227.) Grabb, Lou. (2,'i4.) Guildhall, Vt. (.38.) Guyandot, Va. (171.) H. Hampton, Va. (198.) Hampton, N. J. (158.) Hampton, Lou. (309.) HanbyviUe, Ala. (267.) Hancocks T., Md. (l54.) Hannas, N. C. (235.) Hanover, N. H. (61.) Hanover, Va. (197.) Hardin, O. (124.) Hardin, O. (125.) Hardinsburg, K. (188.) H.irdinsville, (226.) Hardwich, Mass. (84.) Hartbrd, Md. (156.) Hargroves, Ala. (267.) Harlaem C7, seeN. Y. (135.) HARTFORD. 43 Harlaem Rail Road, see New York, (135.) HarleesviUe, S. C. (255.) Hurinony, Me. (40.) Harmony, P. (128.) Harmony, Ind. (166.) H.trperfield, N. Y. (82.) Hurpersfield, O. (101.) Harper'6 Ferry, Va. (155.) Harpshead, K. (187.) Harrington, Me. (42.) Harrisburg, P. (132.) Harrisburg, T. (225.) Harrisonburg, Va. (175.) Harrisonburg, Lou. (2j4.) Harrisville, Va. (217.) Harrisonville, I]. (163.) Ilairodsburg, K. (IjO.) Hartford, Con. (110,) one of the capitals of Connecticut, and next to Sew lldven, the most populous town in the state; population 9,789; its puljlic buildings consist o the State House, Deaf and Dumb Asylum on Tower-hill, the Lunatic Asylum, College, and several splendid churches. ROUTES FROM HARl FORD. To New Haven by IStage. JVewington, 6 Worthington, 6 12 Meriden, 6 18 Wallingford, 4 22 North Haven, 9 31 New Haven, 5 36 To New Haven via Middle- town by Stage, Stepney, 8 Middletown, 8 16 Durham, 7 23 Northford, 8 31 New Haven, 10 41 To Boston by Stage. Ellington, 14 Tolland, 5 19 Willington, 7 26 Ashford, 2 28 Thompson, 20 48 Douglass, 14 62 Mendon, Med way, Dover, BrookUne, Boston, 12 74 9 bS 12 95 11 106 4 110 To Providence by Stage. Ash lord, as above, 28 Pomtret, 14 42 Killingly, 6 48 Providence, 26 74 To Neio London by Stage. Glastenbury, 7 Marlboro, 11 18 Colchester, 8 26 New Salem, 7 38 Chesterfield, 6 39 New London, 7 46 To Springjield by Stage. Windsor, 7 Warehouse Pt. 7 14 44 HAR HOP Enfield, Springfield, 4 18 10 2b To Worcester by Stage. Tolland, 19 St,.flx)rd Spr. 8 27 Stafford Ch. 2 29 Sturbridge, 23 52 Charlton, 10 62 "Worcester, 10 72 To Salisbury by Stage. Northington, 9 Canton, 5 14 Wmstcd, 12 26 Norblk, 10 36 N. Canaan, 5 41 Hart'brd, K. (188.) Hartford, N. C. (218.) Hartford, G. (287.) Hartsville, T. (208.) Harwich, Mass. (112.) Hauppage, N. Y. (135.) Havana, Ala. (246.) Haverhill, N. H. (37.) Havre de Grace, Md. (156.) Haysboro, T. (208.) Hyatts, L.C. (17.) Hazlepatch, K. (191.) Helena, Ark. (244.) Hempstead, N. Y. (135.) Henderson, II. (118.) Henderson, K. (187.) Henderson, N. C. (234.) Hennepin, II. (93.) Henry C. H., G. (269.) Herculaneum, Mo. (163.) Hereford Inlet, N. J. (158.) Herkimer, N. Y. (59.) Hicks, G. (249.) Salisbury, 7 48 To Litchjield by Stage. Farminglon, Burlington, Harwinton, Litchfield, 10 9 19 7 26 8 34 To Danbury by Stage. Farmington, 10 Bristol, 7 17 Plymouth, 6 23 Watertown, 7 30 Woodbury, 7 37 Newtown, 15 52 Danbury, 9 61 Hickstown, F. (316.) Hicksfbrd, Va. (217.) Hickory Hill, S. C. (289.) HickoryT., P. (103.) High Pt., U. C. (74.) Hill, N. C. (217.) Hills West, N. C. (80.) Hillsboro, (143 ) Hillsboro, O. (149.) Hillsboro, N. C. (215.) Hillsboro, N. H. (162.) Hilton Head, S C. (290.) Hindostan, Ind. (167.) Hogton, N. C. (237.) Hollidayburg, P. (130.) Holmes, F. (314.) Holmesvillc, Miss. (2-6.) Holmesville, G. (304 ) Holston R., Va. (213.) Hookset Canal, see New Hampshire, (62 ) Hoof Inn, N.C. (238.) Hope, N. J. (134.) ILLINOIS. 45 Hopetown, N. Y. (80.) Hulingsbur^, P. (103.) Hopkinton, N. Y. (35.) Humes, S. C. (274.) Hopkinlon, N. H, (62.) Huntersville, Va. (173.) Hopkinsville, K. (207.) Huntingdon, P. (130.) Horn T., Va. (1)9.) Huntingdon, T. (206.) Horns, N. C. (256.) Hunts, N. Y. (79.) Horrv, G. (286.) Huntsville, N. C. (214.) Hot Springs, Ark. (241.) Huntsville, Ala. (248.) Howards, S. C. (255.) Huntsville Canal, see Ala- Hudson, N. Y. (83.) bama, (248.) Hudson Sf Delaware Canal, Huntsville, S. C. (253.) see New York, (108.) Huston, N. C. (254.) Hughsville, Va. (214.) Huttonsville, Va. (173.) I. Illinois, state of, (186,) is divided into sixty counties. The population in 1830, was 157,445, but has greatly in- creased since. Area, 57,900 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Vandalia, lat. 38° 58' N. long. 11° 57' W. Ge- neral election, first Monday in August biennially. Legis- lature meet first Monday in December every second year. Date of constitution, 1818. Government. — Governor is elected for four years, salary $1000. The lieutenant-governor is president of the senate. The "General Assembly" consists of a senate and house of representatives. The members of the former are elected for four years, and those of the latter biennially ; pay of each, three dollars a day ; meet every othtr year on the first Monday in December. General election, first Monday in August, bienni Jly. Judiciary. — The Supreme Court consists of a chief jus- tice and three associate judges; salary of each $1000. They hold circuit courts also. There is another judge for the circuit north of Illinois river. The court of county commissioners, is composed of three persons, who are elected every two years. Justices of the peace are elected by the people, and hold office four years. There is a judge of probate in each county. Imprisonment for debt, except in certain cases, is not allowed. Slavery is prohibited by the constitution. 46 INDIANA. Physical Structure. — The whole state is remarkably level, having no mountains, nor indeed any hills of great elevation. In the northern part of the state, a partial change in the surface is perceptible ; the country is somewhat bro- ken and undulating, but its level character is maintained throughout the whole. The " American Bottom," so called, celebrated for its fertility, extends along- the left bank of the Mississippi, from the mouth of the Missouri to F\askas- kia, nearly ninety miles. Prairies and barrens abound to a great extent in this state ; probably one-half of its sur- face consists of these natural meadows. Rivers. — Mississippi, Rock, Illinois, Sangamo, Kaskas- kia, Ohio and Wabash. Productions. -Indiiin corn, wheat, tobacco, cotton, lead, «&c. Internal Improvements. — Are merely prospective, none having yet been completed. A canal about 100 miles in length, from Ottowa, or perhaps from Hennepin, lower down the Illinois to lake Michigan, has been long contemplated. Towns. — Vandalia, Edwardsville, Belleville, Carrolton, Albion, Kaskaskia, Shawneotown, Springfield, Beardstown, Ottawa, Galena, and many others. Illinois R., II. (94.) Illinois R., Ark. (200.) Illinois Canal. See II. (94.) Indiana, P. (129.) Indiana, state of, (166,) is divided into seventy counties, and had, in 1830, a population of 343,031. Area, 36,500 square miles. Capital, Indianapolis ; metropolis, New Albany, lat. 38° 19' N. long. 8° 44' W. Date of constitu- tion, 1816 General election, 1st Monday in August. Leg- islature meet, 1st Monday in December. Govern '/tent. — The governor is elected for three years; salar3% $1,000 per annum. Lieutenant-governor is presi- dent of the senate, and receives two dollars per day during the session of the legislature. The legislature is called the General Assembly of Indi- ana, and is composed of a senate, the members of which are elected for three years; and a house of representatives, whose members are elected annually. The number of the former is at present 30 ; and of the latter 75. Pay of mem- bers of both houses is two dollars a day each. INDIANA.— INDIANAPOLIS. 47 Judiciary.— The judiciary power is vested in a Supreme Court, circuit courts, and such other inferior courts as the general assembly may establish. The supreme court con- sists of three judges ; and each of the circuit courts con- sists of a president and two associates. All the judges hold their office for seven years, if not removed for improper conduct. The judges of the supreme court are appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate. The presiding judges of the circuit courts are appointed by the legisla- ture ; and the associates are elected by the people. There are seven presiding judges of circuit courts. The judges of the supreiue and circuit courts receive $700 per annum. The associate judges receive $2 a day each, during the session of the cou'-Ls. Physical Structure. — The country along the Ohio, from the Wabu-sh to the Miami, and 20 or 25 miles back, pre- sents a broken and hilly appearance : it is not however hilly in the strict sense of ihe term. The ridges, com- monly so called, are mere buttresses which support the elevated plateaus in the rear. These gorges have evidently been occasioned by the abr^ision of the streams which hc.ve thus formed those dark ravines which abouixd in this part of the state. In the central portions, the land is less broken, and in the north no mountains or hills of any magnitude exist. Rivers — Ohio, Wabash, White water, Laughberry, Sil- ver Indian, the lour last are mere creeks. Productions. — Corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat, oats, flour, &.C.; many sorts of vegetables grow in great abundance. Internal improvements. — Wabash and Erie Canal. It is to extend from Lafayette, to the eastern boundary of the state. Length 127 miles. Towns. — ^Indianapolis, thecapiful; Vincennes, Lawrence- burg, Aurora, Vevey, Madison, JefFersonville, New Albany, Fredonia,Troy, New Harmony, Richmond, Loganport, Lafayette, &c. &-c. Indianapolis, (146.) ROUTES FROM INDIANAPOLIS. To New Albany, by Stage. I Edinburg, 10 30 Franklin, 20 | Columbus, 12 42 48 INDIANA POLIS. JAM Brownstown, 25 67 Greencastle, R. 17 37 Vallona, 3 70 Terrehaute, 33 70 Sdlem, 19 8S Embarras R. 45 115 Greenville, 24 113 Ewington, 25 140 N. Albahy, 9 122 Vandalia, 30 170 (Thence to Louisville, K. 3 miles.) To Covington, by Stage. Crawfordsville, 50 To Cincinnati, by Stage. Uovington, 29 79 Rushville, 40 Somerset, 14 54 To Wayne, by Stage. Brooke ville, 11 65 Connerstown, 17 Harrison, 17 82 Noblesville, 4 21 Miami, 8 90 Strawtown, 7 28 Cincinnati, 15 105 Wayne, 83 111 To Vincennes, by Stage. To Columbus, by Stage. Port Royal, 16 Greenfield, 20 MartinviUe, 14 30 Centreville, 44 -64 Spencer, 24 5i Richmond, 6 70 Bloomfield, S3 77 Lewisburg, 17 87 Vincennes, 45 122 York, 16 103 Springfield, 26 129 To Vandalia, K. by Stage. Columbus, 43 172 Belville, 20 Innfield, N C. (217.) Instantjur, P. (104.) Ipswi/h, Me. («6.) Irviiye,K. (191.) Ithoca andOwego Rail Road, see N. Y. ( ). Ischua, N. Y. (78.) Isle ofWight,Va. (218.) Jackson, Mich. (73.) Jackson, O. (150.) Jackson, Mo. (185.) Jackson, T. (22G.) Jackson, capital of Miss. (280.) Jackson, Ala. (298.) Jacksonville, II. (142.) Jacksonville, G. (3,)3.) Jacksonville, F. (318.) Jacksonburg, O. (148.) Jacksonboro, G. (28J.) Jacksonboro, S. C. (2^0.) Jacksboro, T. (210.) JatFrey, N. H. (84.) Jamaica, N. Y. (135.) Jamestown, N. Y. (77.) James River Cunals, se Virginia, (197.) James R., Va. (1j7.) JAM KENTUCKY. 49 James jand Jackson R. canal, see Va. (1:.6.) Jamesl., S.C.C291.) Jamesville, S. C. (273.) Jasper, T. (229.) Jay, Me. {3lh) Jefferson, O. (102.) Jefferson, P. (103.) Jefferson, Mo. (161.) Jefferson, Va. (176.) Jefferson, N.C. (213.) Jefferson, Miss. ('246.) Jefferson, G. (251.) Jefferson, G. (318.) Jefferson ville, Ind.(168.) Jeffersonville, Va. (l!j3.) Jericho, N. Y.(8l.) Kanawha R.,Va. (172.) Kenjua, P. (103.) Kennard, G. (302.) Kcnnebeck R., Me. (40.) Kennebeck R., Me. (61.) Kenncbunk, Me. (63.) Kent 1., Md. (177.) Kentuciiy R., K. (191.) Kalamazoo R., Mich. (71.) Kanawha Navigation, see Virginia, (172.) Kankakee R., Ind. (95.) Kaskaskia R., 11. (144) Kaskaskia, II. (185.) Keene, N. H. (84.) Kernpsville, Va. (218.) Kellyvale, Vt. (37.) Kentucky, state of, (206,) is divided into 84 counties. Population in 1830, 687,917, including 165,213 slaves. Area, 40,500 saiiare tniles. Capital Frankfort, metropolis Louisville, Lat.' 38° 18' N. Long. 8° 46' W. General election, first Monday in August. Legislature meet, first Monday in November. Constitution framed, 1799. Govenvnent. — Governor's term of office, four years. Sala- ry $2,000 per annum. Lieutenant-governor, $4 per day, as president of the senate : secretary of state, $750 ; audi- tor, register and treasurer, each $1,500. The legislature consists of a Senate and House of Repre- sentatives, styled the General Assembly of the Conunon- weakh of Kentucky. The members of the former are cho- sen for 4 years ; those of the latter annually. The senate consists of 38 members; and the house of representatives of 100. The members of both houses receive $2 per day during the session of the legislature. Judiciary. — The court of appeals consists of a Chief Jus- tice and two other Judges; salary of each is $1,500. Cir- cult courts ; the state is divided into 16 judicial districts 50 KENTUCKY. for holding circuit courts. There is a Judge for each cir- cuit, who has jurisdiction of law cases over $50, and of chiin- cery cases over 5£, and liolds three terms a year in each county of his circuit. The salary of the Judges of the cir- cuit courts is SIOOU per annum. County courts are also held by three or more justices ot'the peace. Their jurisdic- tion is over inferior suits. They hear appeals Irom the decision of single justices. Fhysical Structure. — The south eastern portion of this state borders upon the Allegheny range of mountains, some of the spurs and detached ridges ofwhich descend lor a con- siderable distance into it. That part of the state is con- sequently of a mountainous character, with lofty eminences and deep ravines and vallies between them, affording land- scape views of uncomuion boldness and beauty. Along the Ohio River, and extending from D to 20 miles in ditierent places ti-oiu it, are the " Ohio Hills," parallel with that beautitul stream. These hills are often high, generally graceiully rounded and conical, with narrow vales and bottoms around their bases. They give to that portion of the state, through which they extend, a very rough ap- peurance. They are covered with lofty forests, and have often a good soil on their sides and summits. The alluvial bottoms between them and tlie Ohio, and along the streams which fall into that river, are of the richest kmd. Rivers. — Ohio, Big and Little Sandy, Licking, Kentucky, Salt, Green, Cumberland, Tennessee, &,c. Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat, oats, hemp, tobacco, &c. Internal Improvements. — Louisville and Portland canal. Length about one and a half miles. Lexington and. Ohio Rail Road, commences at Lexington, passes through Frank- fort and thence to Shippingport near Louisville. Length 85 miles. Towns. — Frankfort the capital, Lexington, Louisville, Marysville, Greensburg, Augusta, Newport, Covington, Port William, Owenboro, Henderson, Flemingsburg, Wash- ington, Paris, Georgetown, Harrodsburg, Versailles, Bards- town, Sheibyville, Russelville, Bowling-gieen, Princeton, KNOXVILLE. 51 Glasgow, together with others, many of them equally im- portant. Keys, N. J. (158.) Kilbourns, Vt. (37.) Killingworth, Don. (110.) Kiipatricks, II. (164.) Kinderiiook, N Y. (83.) Kingston, U. C. (33.) Kingston, N. Y. (108.) Kingston, R.I. (111.) Kingston, Md. (178.) Kingston, T. (230.) Knoxville, T. (231,) the most important town in east Tennessee. Population about 3,000. The public buildings consist of a college, several churches, county offices, eo|jle. Judiciary. — Supreme court consists ol a chiet justice, who receives a salary of $1,800, and tv\'o associate judges, salary $1,500 each. Court of common pleas, a chief justice and two associate justices, each receives $1,200 per an- num, thysical Structure — The nortli-western border of this state consists ol a series of steps or escarpments which follow each other in rapid succession, as in some places to attain an elevation of nearly 2000 ieet in the space of a lew miles. This elevation continues with slight in- terruptions along the entire line from the sources of the Connecticut to it termination in the north-east angle of the state. From these data it will be perceived that the coun- try forms an inchned plane, having the atlantic coast for its limit towards the south-east This plane, however, is much broken by high hills and insulated mountain peaks; examples ar'; presented by Bald Ridge mountain, a spur from the main ridge ; Mt. Bigelow, Saddleback, Katawdm, and others ; souie of these peaks are ot great height, espe- cially tlie one last mentioned. The state may be divided into three grand sections ; the atlantic section is compari- tively level, being much intersected by lakes and other in- dications of a flat surface ; the second or middle section is hilly, and the third, or north-western part, is decidedly mountainous. Rivers. — Androscoggin, Kennebeck, Penobscot, St. Croix, St. Johns, Madawaska, Walloostook, &.c. t roductioris. — Lumber, fish, pot and pearl ashes, small grain, provisions, &c. 'towns — Portland, the metropolis; Augusta, the capital ; York, Paris, VViscasset, Bath, Hallowell, Ca^tine, Behast, Bangor, Machias, Eastport, &c. &c. Inter nai Improvements. — Cvmberland and Oxford Canal, extends from Portland to Sebago Pond, 20^ miles, whence, by a lock in Songo river, the navigation is extend- ed into and through Brandy and Long Ponds, a further distance of 30 miles. Middlesex Canal, see Massachusetts, (85.) 60 MARYLAND. Muscle Shoals Canal, see Alabama, (^17.) Monlntrue Canal, see Massa- chusetts, (8-4.) Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road, see N. York, (83.) Miami Canal, see O. (148.) Mauch Chunk Rail Road, see Pennsylvania, (133.) Mount Carbon Rail Road, see Pennsylvania, (132.) Milt Creek Rail Road, see Pennsylvania, (132.) Morris Canal, see N.Jersey, (134.) Manasquan Canal, see N. Jersey, (158.) Monongahela Navigation, see Virginia, (152.) Manchester Rail Road, see Virginia, (197.) Malone, N. Y. (35.) Manaks, Ala. (284.) Manahawken, N. J. (158.) Manchester, Vt. (6U.) Manchester, S. C. (273.) Manchester, K. (191.) Manlius, N. Y. (58.) Mansfield, O. (126.) Mansfield, N.J. (134.) Mine Hill Rail Road, see Pa. (132.) Mansfield, Va. (196.) Mantua, O. (lUl.) Maramic, Mo. (183.) Maramic R., Mo. (162.) Marathon, Ala. (247.) Marengo, Ala. (283.) Mariaville, Me. (41.) Marietta,©. (151.) Marion, Ind. (123.) Marion, O. (125.) Marion, Mo. (161.) Marion, Ala. (283.) Marion, G. (287.) Marion C. H., S. C. (255.) Marksvillc, Lou. (294.) Marsh ville, Va. (152.) Marshallsville, Va. (216.) Marthas Vineyard, Mass. (112.) Marthasville, Mo. (163.) Martinsburg, N. Y. (58.) Martinsburg, P. (130.) Martinsburg, Ind. (146.) Martinsburg, Va. (154.) Martinville, N. C. (215.) Martinsville, Va. (2 1 5.) Martins, N. C. (213.) Martins, N. C. (214.) Marysville, O. (125.) Marysville, K. (169.) Marysville, T. (230.) Mary ville, Va. (196.) Maryland, state of (153), is divided into 19 counties, and contained in 1830, 447,040 inhabitants, including 102,994 slaves; area, 11,150 square miles; capital, Annapolis; metropoHs, Baltimore; lat. 39° 18' N. ; long. 0= 26' E. General election, first Monday in October for delegates, third Monday in September, every fifth year, for electors of senators. Legislature meets, first Monday in December. Constitution formed, 1776. MARYLAND. 61 Government. — Governor elected by the General Assem- bly, tern of office, one year, salary, $2666. Executive council, Consisting of five members, chosen annually by the General i^ssenibly on the first Tuesday in January. Sen- ate, consis^ng- of 15 members, and house of delegates, 80 members, called the General Assembly, meet on the last Monday in December at Annapolis, pay of members $4 a day, of thespeakers, $5, each. Members of tlie senate, are elected ev-ry fifth year by electors chosen by the people, on the first Monday of September. The members of the house of delegates are elected annually by the people on the first Monda_^ of October. Judiciary. — Chancery court, chancellor $3,600 per an- num. Court of ippeals, chief judge and tour associate judges, who receive a salary of $2,200 each, and one lor the city of Baltimore, who receives $3,000 per annum. Baltimore court, one chief judge, and associate judges; salary of the ibrmer 5; 2,400, of the two latter, $1,500 each. physical Structure. — Eastern section, bordering on the Atlantic ocean and eastern shore of Chesapeake bay, level; centre, hilly, gradually increasing in elevation, until it meets the western seciior. oi the state, which presents little else than a succession »f mountain ridges, extending from the Monocacy to the vestern limits of the state. The Back Bone mountain, so called, the main ridge of the Allc- ghenies, has a mean altitude of about 2,500 leet, and is tlie dividing ridge between the Witers of the Atlantic and those running into the Ohio. Riv rs. — Potomac, Patuxem, Patapsco, Susquehanna, Elk, Chester, Choptank, Nantikoke, 6lc. Productions. — Tobacco, wheat, some cotton, flax, hemp, &c. &c. Towns. — Baltimore, Annapolis, Frederick, Hagerstown, RockviJle, Port Tobacco, Upper Marlboro, and on the eas- tern shore, Elkton, Chester, Centr^ville, Euston, Cain- bidge, &LC. Internal Improvements. — Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, extends from Georgetown to Pittsburg, length as proposed, 341^ miles. A canal 9 miles long, leading from Alex n- diia to intersect the Chesapeake arid Ohio Vanal, atGtorge- 6 62 MASSACHUSETTS. town, is now constructing-. (See District of Columbia.) Port Deposit Canal, is desig-ned to overcome the rapids of the Suyquehanna, above Port Deposit, length neafly 10 ms. Canal at Little Falls of Potomac, 2^ nis. long. Canal at Great Falls, built of stone, 1200 yards long. Bdtimore and Ohio Rail Road, extends from Baltimore to the Point of Rocks on the Potomac, 67 5-8 ms. frou) Baltimore. This road is to be continued to the Ohio river. A road ofa single track extends from the main line to Frederick, 3^ ms. Baltimore and Susquehanna Rail Road, commenced in 1830, is to ex- tend to York, Pa. ; length, when completed, "^^ ms. Another rail road is projected, to extend from Ba'timore to the Sus- quehanna at Po»-t Deposit, and thence to unite with the Ox- ford Rail Road of Pa., which intersects the Columbia Rail Road, about 40 ms. from Philadelphia. Saltimoif and Wash- ington Rail Road, length 37 3-4 a\\\i& ; this work is now constructing. Mason's N. C. (233.) May-iville, Va. (196.) Massachusetts, state of, (8.3,) is divided into 14 counties. Population in 1830, 610,014. Aiea, 8750 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Boston, Lat. 42^ 22' N. Long. 5° 57' E. General election for governor and senators, first Monday in April; for representatives, in May. Legislature meet, lourth Tuesday in October. Constitution formed, 1780. Government. — Governor, tfrm of office, one year, salary $3,666 67. Lieutenant Governor $533 33. Secretary o) com- monwealth, and state treasurer, each $,',000; adjutant general, $1,500, whoare chosen by joint ballot, from the sen- ators, and nine counselled ; each holds his office for one year. Legislature, styled the General Court, is composed ofa Senate and House of Representatives. Members of the senate are elected annually on the first Monday in April; the representatives aie elected annually in May. Judiciary. — The judiciary power is vested in a Supreme Court, and u Court of Common Pleas, and such others as the General Court may establish. The judges are appoint- ed by the governor and senate, and hold their offices during good behaviour. Physical Structure. — The eastern part of the state is generally level, with occasionally an isolated hill. In the gentral part, between Worcester and the valley of the Con- MASSACHUSETTS. 63 necticut, those hills occur at frequent intervals, until pass- ing- to the westward, the lands increase in elevation, and assume the aspect of a mountain region. The mean elevation of Berkshire, the extreme western county of the state, is not less than 1 000 feet above tide. This portion is studded with innumerable hills and moun- tain peaks, some of which rise to a height of 3000 feet above their bases. Rivers. — Housatonic, Connecticut, Pawtucket, Charles, Merrimack, &c. Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, peas, beans, flaxseed, &c. Towns. — Boston, the capital ; Salem, Newburyport, Low- ell, Worcester, Springfield, Northampton, Greenfield, Pitts- field, and many extensive towns and villages. Internal Improvements. — Middlesex Canal, extends from Boston to Chelmsford. Length 27 miles. Pawtucket Ca- nal, in the town of Lowell, is used both for navigation and for manufacturing purposes, length li miles. Blackstone Canal, extends from Providence, R. L, to Worcester, Mass., length, 45 miles. Hampshire and Hampden Canal, see Connecticut. Montague Canal, near the Montague falls in Connecticut river, 3 miles long. South Hadley Carml, around the S. H. falls in the Connecticut, length 2 miles. Worcester Rail Road, 43 miles in length. It is propos- ed to continue til is road to the Connecticut, and to construct a branch to Milberry. Boston and Providence Riil Road, length 43 miles, now in progress. Boston and Lowell Rail Road, length '25 miles, now in progress. Qaincij Hail Road, used for transporting granite from the quarry in Quincy to Neponset river, length 3 miles, branches 1 mile. Massacre L, Ala. (311.) M'Minnville, T. (229.) Mathews C H., Va. (198.) M'lvinstry, S. C. (,>54.) Mauch Chunk, P. (133.) M'Catteums, S. C. (254.) Maumee, O. (99.) M'Gces, Miss. (265.) Maumee R., O. (98.) M'Couns Bluff, Ala. (266.) M'Connelsvillc, O. (151.) M'Clair, Miss. (^280.^ M'Connelstown, P. (154.) M'Intoshs, (G.) (286.) M'Leansboro, II. (I(i5 ) M'Intosh C H., G. (305.) M'Neilles, N. C. (235.) M'Daniels, Lou. (307.) 64 MEA MICHIGAN. Meadville, P. (102.) Mercersburg, P. (154.) Mechanicsville, S. C. (255.) Meridian ville, Ala. (243.) Medina, O. (100.) Merritsville, S. C. (23,\) Mcdway, Me. (85.) Metcalf boro, T. (22y.) M.-igsville, (). (151,) Mexico, Mo. (16i.) Memphis, T. (224.) Micanopj, F. (32 t.) Meredith, N Y. (82.) Miccoton, F. (31 G.) Mercer, P. (102.) Michigan Territory, (22,) is divided into 40 counties, inchading tiiose in the district of Huron or Wiscoi.sin. Population in lo30, 31,639. Area, 158,;i75 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Detroit, Lat. 42° 20' N ; Long. 6° or W. The executive and judicial officers are chosen by the president and senate of the United States. Government. — Governor, appointed by the president — salary, $2,000; secretary, do. salary, $1,000. The legisla- tive council is elected by the people ; they continue in office two years. Their present number is 13. Juciciary. — There are four judges, who hold courts in th ; several counties — salary of each, ^1,200. They are appointed by the president with the consent of the senate. In ] 820, the population of Michigan, including the Hu- ron District, was 8856; in 1830, including the same district, V was 31,63i>. But exclusive of Huron, the peninsula of Michigan, to which the name of Michigan is commonly confined, contained in 1830, 27,378 inhabitants. The num ber is now not short of 35,000 ; and is rapidly increasing by reason of the great tide of emigration which has been setting into that territory during the last two years. Physical Structure. — The southern part of this territory is very level, or gently undulating, i'he northern part is more uneven. Along the shore of Huron there are, in pla- ces, very high blufts ; and along the east shore of Lake Michigan are, in many places, immense hills of pure sand of from fifty to several hundred feet in height, which have been blown up by the almost constant western winds, sweeping over tlie lake and the sandy margin on its eastern side. Rivers. — Maumee, Raisin, Huron, Clinton, Black, Sag- MIC. MISSISSIPPI. 65 inaw, Traverse, Monistic, White, Maskegon, Kalleraazoo, St. Josephs, &c. Productions. — Corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat ; potatoes, and every variety of similar vegetables, grow here in great abundance. Towns. — Detroit, Monroe, Frenchtown, Brownstown, Pontiac, Ann Arbor, Byron, Montcalm, Niles, Newbury- port, Saginaw, Mackinaw, 6l.c. Michigan, Ind. (96.) Milford, P. (108.) Middle T., Mich. (71.) Millcdgtvilie, capital of Middle T., N. J. (134.) Gto. (270.) Middle T., O. (148.) Millers T., P. (131 ) Middle T., O. (14J.) Millgrove,S.C. (274.) Middle T., Pa (132.) Millliaven.G. {26i).) Middle T., K. (16b.) Milllieim, Pa. (131.) Middletown, N. Y. (82.) Mills, Va.(175.) Middlelown, Con. (110.) MiUville, N. J. (158.) Middletown, Va. (154.) Millers, Ala. (24b.) Middleton, Pa. (128.) Milton, Vt. (36.) Middlebury, Vt. (60.) Milton, N. H. (62.) Middleburn, Va. (152.) Milton, P. (106.) Middleboro, Mass. (112.) Mineral point, Mich. (67.) Mifflin, Pa. (131.) Mines, lead. Mo. (1«4.) MiKasukie, F. (316.) Miriam, Ind. (145.) 10 Mile river, N. Y. (108.) Mississippi R., (i^2.) MiLord, D. (178.) Mississippi, state of, (243.) is divided into 42 counties. Population, in 1830, 136,621, including 65,659 slaves Area 47,6&0 square miles. Capital Jackson, mttropolis, Natches, Lat. 31^ 35 N. Long. 1 4° 33' E. General election, first Monday in August. Legislature meet, first Monday in No- vember. Constitution lormed, 1817. Government. — The governor is elected for two years — salary $2,500 per annum. Lieutenant-governor receives $6 a day during the session of the legislature. The secre- tary of state, treasurer, and auditor receive each $1,200 per annum, and the attorney-general $1,000. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, styled The General Assembly of the /State of 6* DO MISSISSIPPI. Mississippi. The members of the senate are elected for three years, and the representatives annually. The num- ber of the representatives cannot be less than 37, nor more than 100, as soon as the free population shall amount to 80,000. The senate cannot consist of less than one fourth, nor more than one third, as many as there are representa- tives. The general election tor the state takes place on the first Monday and Tuesday of August. The general assembly meets (at Jackson) annually on the first Monday in November. Judiciary. — The court of chancery. Chancellor's sal- ary $:2,000. The supreme court consists of a chief justice and four associate judges— the salary of each 82,000. The state is divided into five districts, in which the judges of the su- preme court severally hold circuit courts. These courts hdve original jurisdiction in cases where the sum in dis- pute exceeds $50 ; and appellate jurisdiction from the courts of justices of the peace, where the sum exceeds $'20. They have also criminal jurisdiction. The county of Adams has a separate criminal court, whose jurisdiction, however, does not supersede that of the circuit court. Every organized county has a probate court, and a coun- ty court held by three judges, of which the probate judge is the presiding justice. This court takes cognizance of of- fences committed by slaves, rairies, which are of variable widths, are g-enerally fertile<. The Mississippi is skirted with ruany rich alluvial prairies, as well as extensive tracts of heavily timbered land. Hivers. — Mississippi, Missouri, Osage, Meramec, St. Francis, WJiite, 6lc. Towns. — Jefferson, the capital ; St. Louis, New Madrid, Perryville, St. Genevieve, Alexandria, New London, Pal- myra, Hannibal, Wyaconda, St, Charles, Florissant, Frank- lin, Booneville, Chariton, «fcc. Productions. — Corn, wheat, rye, barley, buckwheat, to- bacco, hemp, cotton, and garden vegetables in great variety. The lorcsts consist of the oak, black and white walnut, yellow poplar, ash, elm, hackberry, hickory, sugar-tree^ cypress, yellow pine, cedar, &.c. Missouri R., (139.) Missouri, (163.) Missouriton, (139.) Mobile, Ala. (311.) the geat of justice for Mobile county, has a population of about 4,000; several handsome churches, cathedral, &,c. and is a place of considerable trade. ROUTES FROM MOBILE. To New Orleans. Springhill, by stage, 6 Portersville, 24 30 (Thence to New Orleans by steam boat and rail road, 123 miles.) To Mmtgomery^ by Stage. Tiiitsville, 35 Burnt Corn, 52 87 Fort Dale, 45 132 Montgomery, 48 180 To Leakesville, by Stage. Escatappa R., 28 Cluckasawhay R., 20 48 Leakesville, 11 59 To Tuscaloosa, by Stage. Florida, 31 Dumfries, 15 46 St. Stephens, 24 70 Clarksville, 14 84 Chocktawcorner 28 112 Whitehall, 40 152 Greensboro, 25 177 Tuscaloosa, 31 208 To Tuscaloosa, by Steam Boat. Fort Stoddart, 47 Dumfries, 15 62 70 MONTREAL. St. Stephens, 31 93 Washington, 16 291 Coffeeviile, 18 HI Montgomery, 10 301 Demopolis, 87 198 Erie, 30 228 To Pensacola, by Steam Tuscaloosa, 57 2^5 Boat. Dog R., 10 To Montsomery, by Steam Fowl R., 6 16 " Boat. Fort Bowyer, 18 34 Tombeckbe I?., 51 Ptrdido R., 30^64 Fort Mimms, 8 59 Barancas, 15 79 Claiborne, 45 104 Pcnsacola, 10 89 Black Bluff, 26 130 Canton, 50 180 To Pensacola, by Stage, ^c. Portland, 14 194 Blakely, by Steam B 11 Cahawba, 22 216 Bellefontaine by Seltna, 15 231 Stage, 26 37 Vernon, 44 275 Pensacola, 37 74 Mobile Bay, Ala. (311.) Mobile Pt, Ala. (312.; Mohawk Indians, L. C. (32.) Monks corner, N. C. (273.) Monroe, Mich. (99.) Monroe, O. (100.) Monroe, G. (270.) Monroe, T. (209.) Montaug Pt., N. Y. (111.) Montcalm, Mich, (72.) Montezunia, N. Y. (57.) Montezuma, Ala. (300.) Montevalo, Ala. (267.) Montgomery, N. Y. (108.) Montgomery, T. (210.) Montgomery, Ala. (284.) Monticello, N. Y. (108.) Monticello, K. (210.) Monticello, G. (270.) Monticello, Miss. (296.) Monticello, Ala. (301.) Monticello, F. (316.) Montpelier, capital of Ver- mont, (37.) Montpelier, Ala. (312.) Montreal, L. C. (15,) the most populous city in British America ; by the census of 1825 it contained 24,787 in- habitants, this number has greatly increased since that time, and now probably amounts to 30.000. The chief objects of interest in and about Montreal, are "the moun- tain," new cathedral, catholic college, the barracks, hospital, baths, &.C. in St. Paul's street, masonic hall, theatre, Nel- MONTREAL. 71 son's monument, convents, seminary of St. Sulpiee, and seve- ral churches, public walks, &-c. (See map of Montreal.) ROUTES FROM MONTREAL. To Quebec by Steam Boat, To Boston, by Stage, via (the distances by and are Burlington, Vt. nearly the same.) St. Johns, 25 St. Sulpice, by Stage, 27 Phillipsburg, 23 48 La Valtrie, 5 32 St Albans, 16 64 La Noruye, 10 42 Milton, 13 77 William Henry, 11 53 Burling-ton, 12 89 Three Rivers, 43 96 Richmond, 14 103 Gentilly, 14 110 Montpelier, 26 129 St. Anne, 15 125 Chelsea, 24 153 Pt. aux Trembles, 38 163 Dartmouth Col. 25 178 Quebec, 17 180 Shakers Vil. 11 189 Andover, 22 211 To Albany, by Steam Boat Concord, N. H. 24 235 and Stage. Hooksett Falls, 8 243 La Prairie, by stag€ 8 Londonderry, 19 262 -St Johns, 17 25 Andover, 20 282 Isle au Noix, 9 34 Boston, 21 303 Chazy, 15 4J S Plattsburg-, 14 63 To the Falls of Niagara, by n S. Hero, 8 71 Steam Boat Sfc. E " Burlington, 9 80 La Chine, 8 S Essex, 15 95 Cascades, 16 24 1 Bason Harbor, 9 104 Les Cedres, 7 31 Crown PL 12 116 Coteau du Lac, 7 38 Ticonderoga, 14 130 Lake St. Francis, 4 42 .Whitehall, 23 153 Head of ditto. 22 64 rFort Ann, 14 167 Cornwall, 6 70 Sandy Hill, 9 176 Long Saut T. 10 80 g, Fort Miller, 11 187 Chryslers field. 17 97 B ] Stillwater, 18 205 Hamilton, 1 98 «^ Troy, 14 219 Prescot, 18 116 I Albany, 6 225 Elizabethtown, 14 130 Kingston, 48 178 Oswego, 59 236 72 MON NAS Coburg, Port Hope, Toronto, (York), 74 310 36 346 66 412 Montrose, Pa. (107.) Morristown, N J. (134.) Mooneys, Ark. (243.) Moore, N. G. (256.) Moorfield, O. (Iz7.) Moorfields, Va. (153.) Moosehead Lake, Me. (19.) Moscow, Mo. (162.) Moosetocmaguntic Lake, Me. (3 ).) Moundville, Mich. (44.) Mount Holly, N J. (158.) Mount Joliet, II. (94.) M'C'oy, Mich. (48.) Mt. Clemen, Mich. (74.) Mt. Desert Id. Me. (41.) Mt. Maria, Pa. (107.) Mt Pleasant, K. (21 1.) Mt. Carmal, 11. (166.) Mt. Sterling, K. (170.) Mt. Salus, Miss. (280.) Mt. Vernon, Me. (3. ».) Mt. Vernon, O. (126.) Mt. Vernon, II. (165.) Niagara Vil. Queenston, Falls of Niagara, 30 443 7 449 6 455 Mt. Vernon, Va. (176.) Mt. Vernon, K. (IjO.) Moscow, Mo. (163.) Muliins Ford,G. (251.) Munibrdsville, K. (18j.) Monroe, Lou. (278.) Munrows, N. C. (235.) Munsee T., In. (123 ) Murfreesboro, 1 . (228.) Murcellas, G. (305.) Murphy, N (\(215.) Muskingum P., O. (127.) Miamisport, Ind. (123.) Miami R., O. (148.) MaysvilIe,K.(170.) Maysville, Va. (lL)6.) Morgan, N. C. (256.) Morganfield, K. (187.) Morgantown.Va. (152.) Morgantown, I\. (1^8.) Morganton, N. C. (233.) Morgansville, Va. (Ib6.) Moulton, Ala. (247.) N. Nacogdoches, (292.) Nantucket, Mass. (112.) Nantucket I., Mass. (112.) Natches, Miss. (295.) Natchitoches, Lou. (293.) Natural Bridge, Va. (15.) Natural Bridge, Va. (21 J.) Natural Bridge, F. (314.) Nashville, T. (208.) The capital and most important town in Tennessee, was founded in 1784, and is a remark- ab'y beautiful city. Population, about 8,000. The public bui dings are : a court-house, market-house, college, aca- demy, baptist, presbyterian and episcopalian churches, NASHVILLE. 73 penitentiary, water-works, by which the city is supplied with water from the Cumberland, «S6C. ROUTES FROM NASHVILLE. To Florence, Al .by Stage. i To Lexingion, K by Stage. Franklin, 18 Haysboro, 6 Columbia, 23 41 Franklin, K. 29 35 Mt. Pleasant, 11 52 Bowlinggreen, 22 57 Lawrenceburg, 22 74 Monroe, 51 108 Florence, 41 115 New Market, 31 139 Harrodsburg, 34 173 To Memphis, by Stage. Lexington, 2.i 2u2 Charlotte, 39 Reynoldsburg, 39 78 To New Orleans by Steam Huntingdon, 29 107 Boat. Jackson, 38 145 Hillsboro, 20 Bolivar, 28 173 Clarkesville, 49 69 Sommerville, 24 197 Palmyra, 6 75 Memphis, 43 240 Dover, 32 107 Eddyville, 55 162 To Knoxville, by Stage. Ohio River, 41 203 Lebanon, 28 America, 47 250 Alexandria, 18 46 Memphis, 225 475 Liberty, 8 54 Vicksburg, 4.6 931 Sparta, 32 86 Natchez, 103 10.34 Crab Orchard, 38 124 New Orleans, 304 1338 Kingston, 20 144 Loveville, 23 167 To Louisville, by Steam Knoxville, 14 181 Boat. Ohio River, as above, 203 To Hantsville by Stage. Rock Haven, 34 .^37 Nolensville, 17 Shawnee town, 27 264 Gideonvillo, 21 38 Carthage, 19 283 Farinington, 12 50 Mt. Vernon, 12 295 Fayetteville, 27 77 Hendersonville, 22 317 Hazel Green, 17 94 Rockport, 54 371 Huntsville, 12 106 Leavenworth, 86 457 Louisville, 59 516 74 NEW HAMPSHIRE. New Orleans and Lake Pontchartrain Canal, see Louisiana, (309.) New Orleans and Pontchar- train Rail Road, see Lou- isiana, (309.) N(yrth West Canal, see N. Carolina, (^218.) New Castle and Frenchtown Rail Road, see Delaware, (157.) New Jersey Rail Road, see New Jersey, (134.) Nash C. H., N. C. (236.) Nashua, N. H. (85.) Nauyaucau, Ala. (268.) Nelson, K. (169.) Nelson's Ferry, S. C. (273.) Neuson, S. C. (255.) Neuse River, N. C. (236.) New Alexandria, Pa. (129.) Newark, O. (126.) Newark, N. J. (134) New Berlin, Pa. (131.) New Berlin, N. Y. (81.) New Bedford, Mass. (112.) Newberne, N. C. (237.) Newberry, S. C. (253.) Newburn, Va. (1L4.) Newburg, N. Y. (108.) Newburyport, Mass. (86.) Newbury port, Mich. (70.) New Castle, Pa. (102.) Newcastle, Ind. (147.) New Castle, K. (I(i8.) Newcastle, D. (157.) New Columbia, Miss, (297.) Newcomers, O. (127.) N. Geneva, Pa. (153.) New Hampshire, (62,) is divided into eight counties. Population, in 1830, 269,533. Area, 9,200 square miles. Capital, Concord. Metropolis, Portsmouth, lat. 43° 04' N. long. 6^^ ir E. General election, second Wednesday in March. Legislature meet, first Wednesday in June. Con- stitution formed, 1792. Governnient. — Governor, salary, $1,200. Five counsel- lors, all elected annually. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, called, jointly, The General Court. The members of both are elected annually by the people, on the second Tuesday in March. Judiciary. — Supreme court, consists of one chief justice, salary $ 1 400, and two associate judges, $1200 each. Ct)urt of common pleas, chief justice $1200, and associates $1000 each. Physical Structure. — Within twenty or twenty-five miles of the coast, the land is nearly level. In the central pr rt of the state it becomes hilly, with an occasional moun- tain peak or spur, from the elevated region in the north. All above is mountainous, having the White Hills, Moose- NEW HAVEN. 75 hillock, Monadnuc, Kearsarge, Sunapee, Ossipee, and other mountains, which impart to the entire north half of the Btale, a ruggid and broken aspect. Rivers. — Connecticut, Merrimac, Androscoggin, Saco, Piscataqua, &c. Towns. — Concord, Portsmouth, Piscataqua, Exeter, Do- ver, Meredith, Amherst, Keene, Charleston, Clareraont, Haverhill, Plymouth, Lebanon, &c. Productions. — Wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, flax, stock, provisions, &c. Internal Improvements. — Boio Canal, near Concord, around Bow falls, three quarters of a mile long. Hookset Canal, at the Hookset fall of Merrimac, 825 feet in length. Amoski^ig Canal, at the falls of Amoskeig in the Merrimac. Union Canal, passes seven falls in the Sierrimac ; length, including poc^ls, nine miles. New Haven, 0.(100.) New Haven, C. (110,) one of the capitals of the state of Connecticut. Population, 10,180. On a large, open square, in the centre of the town, stand the public buildings, state- house, Yale college, and several very handsome churches. The other places worthy of attention, are, the observatory, museum, alms-house, the various factories, and the ceme- tery. ROUTES FROM NEW HAVEN. To New York, hy Stage. To JSew York, by Steam Milford, 11 Boat. Stratford, 5 16 Black Rock, 23 Black Rock, 6 2-2 Southport, 5 28 South port. 5 tcl Old well. 8 36 S.iugatuck, 4 31 Stamford Harb. 8 44 Norw Ik, 4 35 West Greenwich, 8 52 Stamford, 9 44 New York, 35 87 West Greenwich 7 51 Rye, 4 55 To Providence, by Steam Mamaronec, 6 61 Boat. W. Chester, 8 69 Faulkners Island, 16 New York, 15 84 Connecticut River, 19 35 New London Harb. 14 49 76 NEW HAVEN. NEW JERSEY. (thence to N.London , 7b Hartford, by Stage. 4 miles.) North Haven, 5 Point Judith, 35 84 Wallingford, 9 14 Newport, 14 98 Meriden, 4 18 Pawtuxet, 20 118 Worthington, 6 24 Providence, 5 123 Newington, 6 30 Hartlord, 6 36 To Danbury^ by Stage. Derby, 10 To Hartford, via Middle. Housatonic Ferry, 3 13 town. New Stratibrd, 4 17 Northford, 10 Newton, 8 25 Durham, 8 18 Danbury, 9 34 Middletown, 7 25 Stepney, 8 33 To Granby, by Canal. Hartford, 8 41 East Plains, 6 Hamden, 2 8 To Newport, by Stage. Cheshire^ 8 16 Branford, 8 Southington, 6 22 Guilford, 10 18 Farmington, 11 33 E. Guilford, 4 22 Northington, 7 40 VVestbrook, 9 31 Sinisbury, 7 47 Connecticut R,, 6 37 Gran by, 5 52 New London, 17 54 Mystic, 8 62 Newport, 39 101 New Hope, Pa. (134.) New Inlet, N. C. (239.) New Ipswich, N. H. (85.) New Iberia, Lou. (322.) New Jersey, state of, (134,) is divided into 14 counties. Population in 1830, 320,77^, including 2,446 slaves. Area, 7,5U0 square miles. Capital, Trenton ; metropolis, New- ark, lat. 40° 44' N. long. 2° 45' E. General election, se- cond Tuesday in October. Legislature meets, fourth Tuesday in October. Constitution formed, 1776. Government. — Governor, chosen annually, by a joint vote of the council and assembly ; salary $2,000 per annum ; he is president of the council. The governor, in conjunction with the council, form a court of appeals. Legislature is composed of a legislative council, consisting of 14 members, NEW JERSEY. 77 and a gfeneral assembly, 50 members ; the members of both houses are elected annually. Judiciary — Supreme court, composed of a chief justice, salary $12U0 per annum, and two associate judges, $1,100 per annum each. The judges are appointed by the legisla^ ture ; those of the supreme court for a term of seven years, and those of the inferior courts for five years. Physical Structure.— All that part of the state which lies south of a line extending from Bordentown to Amboy, is level, partly composed of sea-sand, which is entirely desti- tute of vegetation. Immediately north of this line, an ira- provement in the surface and general character of the soil becomes visible ; hills appear in rapid succession, forming steps up to the elevated region in Morris and Sussex coun- ties. These, and the adjoining counties, are much broken by the ridges of the Allegheny mountains, which intersect this part of the state, ranging in a direction from north-east to south-west. Rivers. — Delaw^are, Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, Millstone, Hackensack, Schencks, G. Egg Harbor, L. Egg Harbor, Maurice, Rancocus, Musconecung, Pawlings, &c. Productions. — Wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat, «fcc. Towns. — Newark, Paterson, New Brunswick, Trenton, Elizabethtown, Belvedere, Bridgetown, Salem, Camden, Mount Holly, Perth Amboy, Morristown, &c. Internal Improvements. — Delaware and Raritan Canal^ commences at Bordentown, and extends through Trenton, and along the valleys of the Millstone and Raritan, to New Brunswick. Length 43 miles. A navigable feeder, 24 miles long, has been constructed along the east bank of the Delaware, intersecting the main trunk in the city of Tren- ton — Morris Canal, commences at Jersey city, opposite New York, and terminates on the Delaware at Phillips- burg, opposite Easton. Length, 101 miles. — Salem Canal^ extends from S.ilem creek to the Delaware. Length four miles. — Manasquan and Barnegat Canal (proposed). — Washington Canal, cuts off a considerable bend in M^no- lapan creek, and lessens the distance from Washington to the Raritan river. Length, one mile. — Camden and Am- boy Rail Road, commences at Camden, opposite Philadel- 7* 7« NEW ORLEANS. phia, and terminates at South Amboy. Length, 61 miles. -—Pater son and Hudson River Rail Road, from Jersey city opposite New York to Paterson, on the Passaic. Length, 16 30-100 miles. It is proposed to extend this road to the Morris canal. — New Jersey Rail Road, commences on the last mentioned rail road, about two miles ti-om Jersey City, and terminates at New Brunswick, length 28 miles. New Echota, G. (249.) New Milford, Con. (109.) New London, Con. (1 lO ) Newmarket, Va. (175.) New London, Mo. (141.) New Madrid, Mo. (205.) New Lexington, Ind. (168.) New Mexico, Miss. (279. New Lisbon, O. (128.) New Lebanon, N. C. (218.) New Portland, M. (39.) New Richmond, O. (150.) New Orleans, L. (324.) The great commercial emporium of the Mississippi valley, was founded in 1719, and has about 60,000 inhabitants. The chief objects of interest are the cathedral in Chartres street, college in St. Cloude street, ursuline convent in Ursuline street, Orleans theatre St. Anne street, theatre of St. Phillip in St. Phillip street, city hall Conde street, churches, almshouse, &c. Five miles below the centre of the city is the ground, rendered memorable by the battle of the 8th of January, 1815. ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS. To Louisville, by Steam Boat. St. Francisville Arnauds Point, 13 and Pt. Coupee. 10 159 Red Church, 9 22 Tunica, 27 186 Destrechens Pt. 12 34 Red River, 22 208 Bonnet Q. Bend, 2 36 Fort Adams, 9 217 B. Quarre Church, 5 41 Homochitto R. 10 227 Cantrels Do. 19 60 White Cliffs, 27 254 Bringiers, 8 68 Natchez, 17 271 Hamptons, 5 73 Coles Creek, 22 293 Donaldsonville, 5 78 Rodney, 19 312 St. Gabriels, 24 102 Bruinsburg, 4 316 Plaquemine, 6 108 ' Chitteloosa and Baton Rouge, 18 126 1 Big Black River, 14 330 Thomas Pt. 11 137 1 Pt. Pleasant, 10 340 Thompsons Cr. 12 149 1 Palmyra, 13 353 ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS. 79 Warrenton, 14 376 Leavenworth, 33 1233 Vicksburg, 10 377 Northampton, 17 1250 Yazoo River, 12 389 Louisville, 42 12.2 Tompkins, 32 421 (For continuation to Cin- Providence, 26 447 cinnati, Pittsburg, &c. Princeton, 8 455 see " Louisville.") Old River, 48 503 Pt. Chicot, 12 5i5 To St. Louis, by Steam Arkansas River 59 574 Boat. White R. 9 583 Mouth of Ohio, as above, 921 Helena, 60 643 Tyawappita B. 29 950 St. Francis I. 14 657 Cape Girardeau, 13 963 35° N. Lat. 48 705 Bainbridge, 9 972 Noncona R, 10 715 Muddy R. 13 985 Memphis, 4 719 Kaskaskia R. 31 1016 Greenock, 12 731 St. Genevieve, 17 1033 3rd Chickasaw ElufF, Chartier I. 11 1044 18 749 Herculaneum, 19 1063 Randolph, 12 761 Maramec R. 11 1074 Fulton, 6 767 C'arondelet, 12 1086 Plum Pt. H 778 St. Louis, 6 1092 Needharas Cut-ofF, 26 804 Little Prairie, 20 824 To Balize and Gulf of Riddles Pt. 23 847 Mexico, by Steam New Madrid, 13 860 Boat. Mills Pt. 28 888 Battle Ground, 5 Columbus, 16 904 English turn. 6 11 Mouth of Ohio, 17 921 Fort St. Leon, 5 16 America, 11 932 Poverty Pt. 18 34 Tennessee R. 36 968 Grand Prairie, 27 61 Cumberland R. 11 979 Fort St. Philip, 9 70 Rock Cave, 41 1020 S. W. Pass, 9 89 Shawneetown, 20 1040 South Pass, 2 91 Carthage, 19 1059 Pass a' Loutre, 2 93 Mt. Vernon, 12 1071 Balize, 4 97 Hendersonville, 22 1093 Gulf, 5 102 Evansville, 11 1104 Owcnsburg, 35 113) To Nachitoches, by Steam Rockport, 8 1147 Boat. Stephensport, 53 1200 RedRiver, as above, 208 80 ROUTES PROM NEW ORLEANS. Ouachita, 36 244 To Natchez Bayou Saline, 2J 264 Madisonville, by S. Bt. 32 Alexandria, 54 318 Liberty, by Stage, 69 101 Bayou Cane, 60 378 Natchez, 50 151 Natchitoches, 24 402 To Benvick's Bay, and To Little Ruck, by Steam thence to Opelousas. Boat. Donald sonville, 78 Arkansas R. as above, 574 Veret Canal, 14 92 Arkansas, 27 601 S. end Canal, 7 99 Harrington's, 43 644 Lake Palourde, 13 112 Vaugines, 23 667 Berwick's Bay, 10 122 Little Rock, 81 748 Franklin, 21 143 Fausse Pt. 27 170 To Mobile, by Steam Boat St. Martinsville, 8 178 and Stage. Opelousas, 36 214 L. Ponchartrain, by Rail Road, 5 To Nashville, by Stage, via ^ Pt.Aux f Jerbes 15 20 Florence, Ala. Ft. Coquilles, 7 27 L. Ponchartrain, 5 ^ L. Borgne, 11 38 Madisonville, 27 32 § Grand Island, 9 47 Covington, 7 39 m St. Joseph Isl. 4 51 Jacksonville, 33 72 s < W. Marianne, 6 57 Columbia, 30 102 s E. Marianne, 5 62 Ellisville, 48 150 w Cat Island, 10 72 Old Church, 47 197 Deer Island, 17 89 Koomsha, 45 242 Krebsville Har 18 107 Columbus, 68 310 Portersville, 16 123 Pikeville, 64 374 Mobile, by stage, 30 153 Russelville, 30 404 Florence, 22 426 To St. Stephens, by Stage. Lawrenceburg, 41 467 Madisonville, 32 xMt. Pleasant, 22 489 Jacksonville, 40 72 Columbia, 11 500 Leakesville, 66 138 Franklin, 23 523 Chickasawhay R. 17 155 Nashville, 18 541 St. Stephens, 24 179 N. PhUadelphia, O. (127.) Newport, N. Y. (55.) NEW YORK. 81 Newport, N. H. (61.) Newtown, Mich. (48.) Newport, Ind. (145.) Newtown, N. Y. (80.) Newport, R. I. (HI.) Newtown, N. J. (108.) Newport, Mo. (162.) Newtown, II. (143.) Newport, O. (151.) Newvillc, P. (131.) Newport, T. (231.) New York, Va. (175.) N. Paltz, N. Y. (108.) New York, state of, (78), is divided into 56 counties. Population in 1830, 1,913,508, including 46 slaves. Area, 4!>,000 square miles. Capital Albany; metropolis. New York ; lat. 40^ 43' N. ; long. 2° 55' E. ; general election, at such time in October or November, as the legislature may provide. Legislature meet, first Tuesday in January ; Constitution formed, 1821. Government.— Governor, term of office two years, salary, $4,000. Lieutenant-governor and president of the senate, pay $6 a day during the session. Legislature — senate, con- sisting of 32 members, who are elected for four years, one- fourth being chosen annually. House of representatives consists of 128 members, elected annually. Judiciary. — Court of chancery, one chancellor, $2,000 per annum ; register, &c. The eight circuit judges are vice- chancellors for their respective circuits. Supreme court — chief justice, $2,000 a year, and two associate judges, each $2,000 per annum. There are eight circuit courts, with eight judges, salary of each, $1,250. Superior court of the city of New York, chief justice and two associate judges, pay of each, $2,500 per annum. Physical Structure. — The eastern part of the state is greatly diversified ; the Allegheny mountains pass through this section about 70 miles above the city of New York, cross the Hudson below Newburg, and pass in a north-east direction into the state of Massachusetts. Somewhat farther north, the Catskill mountains may be seen in the distance; these are the most elevated mountains in the state. There are mountains of great elevation west of Lake Champlain, some of which are 3,000 feet above the lake. The western part of the state is merely undulating, being entirely des- titute of such mountains as mark its eastern section. 82 NEW YORK. Rivers. — Hudson, St. Lawrence, Mohawk, Delaware, Susquehanna, Allegheny, Genesee, Oswego, Black, Os- wegatchie, Raquette, Saranac, &c. Productions. — Wheat, corn, rye, oats, flax, hemp, several kinds of grasses, vegetable and fruits. Iron is found in great abundance ; gypsum, limestone, marble, slate, and lead, occur in many places. In the centre of the state, salt is made in immense quantities. The mineral springs of New York are well known, the chief of which, those at Saratoga, are resorted to by people from all quarters. Cities and Towns. — New York, (city) ; Albany, the capital ; Troy, Utica, Rochester, Buffalo, Schenectady, Hud- son, Newburg, Poughkeepsie, Catskill, together wilh a lorge number of incorporated villages, and others not incor- porated, having names different from their respective town- ships. Internal Improvement. — Erie Canal, from Albany to Buffalo, length 363 miles. — Champlain Canal, from the Erie Canal to Whitehall, length 72 miles. — Hudson and Delaware Canal, from Hudson river near Kingston, to the mouth of the Lackawaxen, length 82^ miles. — Oswego Canal, from Salina to Oswego, length 38 miles. — Seneca Canal, from Montezuma to Geneva, length 20 miles. — Chemvng Canal, from Elmira to Seneca Lake, length 31 miles. — Crooked Lake Canal, from the Penyan to Seneca Lake, 7 miles. — Tonnewanta Canal, from the Erie Canal near Wrightsville, to Tonnewanta creek, length 13 miles. — Harlaem Canal, on Manhattan Island, from the Hudson to East river, length 1 1 miles. Proposed Canals. - Chenango Canal, from Einghamton to Erie Canal, length, 93 miles. — Black River Canal, from Rome to the falls of Black river, 40 miles. — Sodus Canal^ from Sodus Bay to Seneca River, «fcc. &-c. Rail Roads. — Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road, from Albany to Schenectady, 16 miles. — Schenectady S; Saratoga Rail Road, from Schenectady to Saratoga Springs, 20 miles. — Catskill and Canajoharie Rail Road, from Cats- Jiill to Canajoharie, (now in progress,) 70 miles — Ithaca and Otvego Rail Road, 29 miles. — Harlaem Rail Road^ NEW YORK. 83 on Manhattan island. — Rochester Rail Road, (now in pro- gress,) trom Rochester to a point below the lalls of Gene- see. — Schenectady and Utica Rail Road, (now in progress,) length, bO miles. — Bath Rail Road, trom Bath to Crooked LaKe, 5 miles. — Rochester and Butavia Rail Road, (in pro- gress,) '28 miles. — Troy and Ballston Rail Road, (in pro- gress,) -^Q miles. Several other rail roads are proposed in Vcirious parts of the state. JNew / ork, city, (134.) The commercial emporium of the United States and metropolis of the state of New York, is situated at the point of junction of the Hudson and East rivers ; in N. lat. 40° 42' and E. long. 2^ 55' 30" from Washington. The city proper, or that portion where the population is mostly concentrated, occupies the southern quarter of Manhattan island, the whole of which, including Harlaem, Yorkville, and some other villages, is under the jurisdiction ot the city corporation, and is identical with the county of New York. Tiie city, together with the sub- urbs just mentioned, contained ui 1»3(), upwards ol' 30,000 buildmgs, and 213,470 inhabitants. The population at tliis time (1«34) may be estimated at 250,000 J he densely settled part of the island, or what is called " the city," has an outline of 50,000 feet, or 10 miles, nearly. Its princi- pal streets are Broadway, in which most of the retail busi- ness is transacted, Greenwich street, Pearl street. Broad, Wall, and CJiatham streets, the Bowery, Maideu-Lane, &;c. (fee. The public buildings, and objects of curiosity, are the city hall, in the Park, exchange buildings in Wall street, college, hospital, and Clinton hall, in Broadway, battery, castle garden, N. Y. Institution, academy of fine arts, alms- house, three theatres, medical college, baths, rooms of the National Academy of Design, masonic hall in Broadway, house of rctiage, orphan's asylum, lunatic asylum, besides many others, and about lOO churches, some of which are very splendid and capacious. The city government consists of a mayor, ten aldermen, and ten assistants, with an able and effective body of police officers. Steam boats, packets and stages, arrive at ^4 New YORK. and depart from the city, at almost every hour, and for every part of the United States. ROUTES FROM NEW YORK. To Albany, by Steam Boat. Fort Gansewort, 2 Hanjilton's monument 2 4 Manhattanville, 3 7 Fort Lee, 3 10 Spuyten Duyvel Cr. 2 12 Phillipsburg', 4 16 Dobb's Ferry, 6 22 Tappan Landing, 3 25 Tarrytown, 1 26 Nyack, on Tappan sea ,3 29 Sparta, & State Prison 3 32 Tellers Point, 2 34 Huverstraw & Croton 1 35 Stony Point, 3 38 Ver plank's Point, 1 3J Peckskill, 2 41 St Anthony's nose, 2 43 Fort Clinton, 1 44 West Point, 7 51 m Crows Nest Mt. 4 55 S Butter Hill, 1 56 r3 ■< Caldwell, 1 57 Canterbury, 1 58 New Windsor, 1 59 New burg. West side, ) FiskilUanding, E.S. \ 2 61 Hamburg, 6 67 Hampton, 1 68 Barnegat, 2 70 Poughkeepsie, 5 75 Hyde Park, 5 80 Pclham, 3 83 Wa Ikill Cr. 6 89 Rhinebeck, 1 90 Redhook, L. L. 6 96 Glasgow, 3 99 Redhook, U.L. 1 100 Saugerties, 1 J 01 Bristol, 1 102 Catskill, 9 HI (Thence to Pine Orchard, 14 miles.) Hudson and Athens, 5 116 Columbiaville, 5 121 C/oxackie, 3 124 Kinderiiook Landing, 1 125 New Baltimore, 5 130 Coeyrnans, 2 132 Schodack, 2 134 Castleton, 1 135 Albany, 10 145 For routes from Albany, see article " Albany." The stage route from N. York to Albany, does not differ materially from the above. To Boston, by Steam Boat. Newtown Creek, 4 Hell Gate, 5 9 Flushing Bay, 4 13 Frogs Point, 3 16 Cow Neck, 2 18 New Rochelle L., 6 24 West Greenwich, 11 35 Stamford, 8 43 Oldwell, 8 51 IVEW VORK. 85 Southporl, 8 59 « \ Point no point, 14 86 Black rock, 5 64 jy2 } Philadelphia, 5 91 Stratford Point, 7 71 New Haven harb., 12 83 To Philadelphia , via New (Thence to N. Haven, Brvnswick ,4-c. 4 miles.) Perth Am boy, S. Bt. 25 Falkners Is, 12 95 New Brunswick, " 12 37 Hanimonasset Pt., 8 103 q3 t Kingston, 14 51 Connecticut hiver, 11 114 ^ ^ Princeton, 3 54 New London harb., 14 128 Uj f Trenton, 10 64 (Tlience to N. London, pa \ Bordentown, QQ } Philadelphia 6 70 4 miles ) 30 100 Fishers Is., 5 133 Point Judith, 30 163 To Philadelphia, by Stage. Beaver Tail, (Narra- Newark, 10 gansetbay,) 9 172 Elizabethtown, 6 16 Newport, 5 177 Rahway, 5 21 Bristol Harb., 10 lb7 New Brunswick, 13 34 Paw tuxet, 10 197 Kingston, 13 47 Providence, 5 202 Princeton, 3 50 Boston, (by land,) 45 247 Trenton, 10 60 Bristol, 11 71 To Philadelphia, via South Holmsburg, 11 82 Aml.oy, <^-c. Frank ibrd. 4 86 f Castle VViiliams, 1 Philadelphia, 5 91 Bcdlovv's Is. 1 2 *5 Kills, 3 5 To Easton, Pa. m Staff e. 1 Ryers ferry. 2 7 Newark, 10 E ' Newark bay. 1 8 Morristown, 19 29 Elizabethtown pt.,4 12 Chester, 13 42 m K ah way river. 4 16 Schooley'smt. Springs, 8 50 Perth Am boy. 9 25 Mansfield, 11 61 South Am boy, 2 27 Easton, 15 76 •TJ ' Spotswoood, 9 36 O West's, 4 40 To Ithaca, N. Y. 2 ^ Rocky Brook, 8 48 Newark, 10 "ee Centreville, . Bordentown, 4 52 Pompton, 21 31 P3 9 61 Snufftown, 12 43 Bristol, 10 71 Deckertown, 12 55 Burlington, 172^ Milford, 17 72 86 NEW YORK. NIAGARA FALLS. Wilsonville, 24 96 Fairfield, 3 58 Rixes Gap, Pa. 15 111 Bridgeport, 4 62 Montrose, 34 145 Stainlord, 4 66 pi SOwego, p^ f Ithaca, 32 177 Mil lord. 5 71 30 2U7 New Haven, 11 82 To New Haven, Con •» To Montauk Ft. by Stage. by Stage. Jamaica, 11 West Chester, 15 Dix Hills, 18 29 Mamaronee, 8 23 Sinithtown, 11 40 Rye, 6 2J Carman, 18 53 "West Greenwich, 2 31 Morriches, lU 68 Stamiord, 7 38 Quag, 9 77 Nor walk, 9 47 S. Hampton, 14 91 S.iUgatuck, 4 51 B. flampton, 7 98 South port. 4 55 Montauk Pt, 23 121 Niagara, U. C. (54.) Niagara Falls, N. Y. (54.) This stupendous and une- qualled work of nature, is Ibrmed by a ridge of lime-stone rocks, which is here broken and torn asunder by the waters from the great lakes above. This ridge, as it is improperly called, is a mere shelf, or a succession of steps, from the basin of lake Ontario, up to that of Erie, the difference of level being about 334 feet. The elevation of the great cat- aract Ironi its brow at the crescent, to the surface of tlie si rait is 158 reet, hence it will be seen that rapids above the falls have a greater actual descent than the falls themselves. The rapids commence near the Burning Spring, about a mile above the precipice. The inclination of the plane over which the waters pass, increases as it approaches the chute, and thus augments the velocity of the current and the turbulence of its trou- bled waters. No spectacle can be more sublime, than is presented by the great falls, when viewed in connection with the rapids above. The high grounds, in the rear of ForsytJi's hotel, afford such a view. In addition to the fulls, there are several interesting ob- jects in their vicinity, which deserve attention ; among them may be mentioned the Burning spring, near the outlet of NIAGARA. INOKTH CAROLINA. 87 Chippewa creek ; whirlpool, two miles below the falls ; the bridge and platform at Goat island ; the sore, rer's cave, just below the falls ; mineral spring, ^ mile below ; the bultle fields ot Chippewa, Liandy's lane, and Queenston, Brock's monument, VVelland canal, and the villages o( Chippewa, Manchester, Lewistowii, Queenston, 'I'uscarora Indians, &-c. ROUTES FROM NIAGARA. To Montreal via Luke Onto- To Rochester^ by Stage. riu, by Steam Boat. &{C. Lewistown, 7 Queenston, 6 Cambria, 15 22 Niagara Vil., 7 13 Hartland, 11 33 Toronto, (York,) 30 43 Oak Orchard, 14 47 Port Hope, 66 IOj Gainesville, 7 U Coburg, 36 145 ( larkson, 16 69 Oswego, 74 219 Parma, 7 76 Duck's Isld., 23 242 Rochester, 11 87 Kingston, 35 277 Elizdbuthtown, 48 325 To Buffalo, by Stage, Cana- Prescot, 14 339 da side. Ilan.ilton, 18 357 Chippewa, 2 LongSaut I., 18 375 Waterloo, 15 17 Cornwall, 10 355 Black rock, 1 18 Lake St. Francis, 6 3.;1 Buffalo, 1 19 Foot of do. 22 413 Coteau du Lac, 4 417 To Buffalo, Am. side. LesCedres, 7 424 Schlosser, 2 Cascades, 7 431 Tonnewanta, 10 12 La Chine, 16 447 • lack rock, 8 20 Montreal, 8 455 Buffalo. Norristown,P.(133 1 21 Nicholasburg, P. (129.) •) Nicholasville, K. (lyO.) Northampton, Mass, (84.) Nickojack,G. (24d) . Northampton C. 11. , Va. Noblesboro, P. (I28.) (199.) NoblesviUe, Ind. (123.) North field, Mass. ^84.) Norfolk, Va. (218.) Northwood, N. H. (62.) Norridgewock, Me. (40.) Nortliumberland,P. (132.) North Carolina, state of, (232,) is divided into 65 coun- ties. Population in 1830, 738,470, including 246,462 slaves, 88 NORTH CAROLINA. Area, 49,500 square miles; capital, Raleigh ; metropolis, New burn, in N. Lat. 35° 06', Long. 0^ 6'. General elec- tion, no fixed day. Constitution formed, 1776. Government. — Governor, term of office, one year, salary ^2,000 ; executive council of 7 members ; state treasurer, $1,500. Secretary of state, $800 and fees; attorney -gene- ral. Judiciary. — Supreme court, composed of a chief justice, salary $2,500, and tw^o associate judges, each, $2,.'»00, per annum. Circuit court consists of two judges. All the judges are appointed by a joint vote of the senate and house of commons. The members of these bodies are elected annually by tlie people. Physical Structure. — The state of North Carolina presents almost every variety of surface. In the east, we find ini- mense flats of sea-sand marsh, swamp, and other alluvious matter, but little elevated above their connnon parent, the at- lantic ocean. In the centre, hills of nearly all sizes and heights present themselves. These increase in magnitude and number in approaching the western section of the state, which is in every respect a mountain region. Some of the most elevated peaks of the Allegheny system, occur in the counties of Macon, Buncombe, Hay wood, Yancy, &c. Rivers. — Meherrin, Roanoke, Tar, Pamlico, Neuse, Cape Fear, Lumber, Yadkin, Catawba, Tennessee, French- Broad, &c. Productions. — Cotton, rice, wheat, corn, tobacco, tar, pitch, turpentine, lumber, and recently gold. Towns. — Raleigh, the capital; New burn, Salisbury, Wil- mington, Fayctteville, Edenton, Salem, Charlotte, HiJlsboro, Halifax, Milton, &c. Internal Improvements. — Dismal Swamp Canal, (see Virginia.) Lake Drummond Canal., a navigable feeder of the preceding, it extends from lake Drummond to the sum- mit level of the Dismal Swamp Canal., length 5 miles. North West Canal., connects N. W. river with the Dismal Swatnp Canal, length 6 miles. Weldon Canal, forms the commencement of the Roanoke Navigation. It extends around the falls of Roanoke above the towns of Weldon and Blakely, length 12 miles. Clubfoot and Harlow Canal^ NORTH CAROLINA. OHIO. 89 extends from the head waters of Clubfoot to those of Har- low creek, near Beaufort, length 1^ miles. The navigation of the Roanoke Ironi the Weidon Canal, to the town ot Sa- leni in Virginia, a distance ot ii32 tniles, the Cape Fear, the Yadkin, the Tar, New, and Cutawba rivers, has been greatly improved by joint stock companies. Rail Iioa,.s, are projected to extend from Fayetteville to Cape Fear river; Irom Wilmington thiough Fayetteville and Salis- bury to Beattysford on the Catawba, a distance of 25U miles ; and several ethers. (For an account of the Rail Road ex- tending from Blakely to Petersburg and Norfolk, respec- tively, see Virginia.) Norton, O. (125.) Norwich, Con. (110.) Norway, N. Y. (59.) Nottoway, Va. (iii6.) Norwich, N. Y. (81.) Nunen, G. (269.) O. Oakfuskee, Ala. (285.) Oconee R., G. (288.) Oakfuscoonene, G. (265.) Ocmulgee R., G. (3U3.) Obion R., T. (205.) Oewooha, Ala. (284.) Occacock Inlet, N. C. (239.) Ogdensburg, N. Y. (34.) Ocklawaha R., F. (329.( Ohio R., Pa. (128.) Oconee Station, S. C. (252.) Ohio R., K. (168.) Ohio, state of, (171,) is divided into 74 counties ; popula- tion in 1830, 937,903. Area, 39,750 square miles. Capi- tal, Columbus ; metropolis, Cincinnati, in Lat. 39° 06' N. Long. 7° 31', W. General election, second Tuesday in Oc- tober. Legislature meet, first Monday in December. Con- stitution formed in 1802. Government. — Governor, term of office two years, salary $1,200; secretary of state ; treasurer, and auditor. Senate consists of 36 members, elected biennially ; house of repre- sentatives consists of 72 members, elected annually. Judiciary. — Supreme court consists of a chief judge and three associate judges — salary, $1,200 each. Courts of Common Pleas. The state is divided into 9 districts, in each of which there is a presiding judge, salary $1000 ; and two associates in each county, who receive each $2 50 per day, during their attendance at court. 8* 90 OHIO. All the judges of the supreme court and the courts of common pleas are elected by the house of representatives for the term of 7 years. The supreme court sits o ice a year in each county, and the court of common pleas three times a year. The only capital crime in Ohio is murder in the first degree. There is no imprisonment for debt, except in cases of fraudulent withholding of property. 'Physical Structure. — The eastern part of the state which borders on Pennsylvania is hilly, but gradually becomes more level as you advance westward. Along the whole course of the Ohio river, there is, in this state, a strip of land, of from 10 to 15 miles, and in some places more, in width, which is broken and hilly. These hills, especially in the immediate vicinity of the river, are very high and often of quite a mountainous aspect. The western half of the state is in general remarkably level. On the immediate borders of Indiana, it is so much so, as to assume a very monotonous appeal ance. The cen- tral parts of the state, from the neighbourhood of the Ohio river up to lake Erie may be compared, as it regards level character, not with entire accuracy, to the country around Philadelphia, or rather that portion of Pennsylvania which is seen by the traveller as he passes from that city to Lan- caster, by the main turnpike road. Rivers. — Ohio, Mahoning, Little Beaver, Muskingum, Hocking, Scioto, Little Miami, Great Miami, Maumee, Portage, Cuyahaga, Grand, Ashtabula, «fcc. Productions. — Wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, Indian corn, garden vegetables and fruits, are produced in great abun- dance. Toions. — Cincinnati, Columbus, Ripley, Portsmouth, Ma- rietta, New Lisbon, Canton, Wooster, Masillon, New Phil- adelphia, Coshocton, Newark, Zaiiesville, Lancaster, Chilli- cothe, Cireleville, Dayton, Springfield, St. Clairsville, Hills- boro, Ravenna, Athens, and many others. Internal Improvements. — Ohio and Erie Canal, extends from Portsmouth on the Ohio River, to Cleveland on Lake Erie, length 307 miles. Miami Canal, from Cincinnati to Dayton, 68 miles, the extension of this canal to the Maumee is in progress. Columhus Canal, from the Ohio and Erie OHIO. PAT 91 Canal, to Columbus, 10 miles. Lancaster Canal, from the Ohio and Erie Canal, to Lancaster, 9 n)iles. Ohio and Erie Canal, see Ohio, (171.) Old Agency, Miss. (282.) Oneida L., N. Y. (57.) Onslow, N. C. (257.) Onslow bay, N. C (257.) Opelousas, Lou. (307.) Opilacloy, F. (329.) Orange C. H.,Va.(175.) Orangeburg, S. C. (273.) Orwi sburg, P. (132.) Osage, Mo. (162.) Osborn, Va. (197.) Ossipee, N H. (62.) Ossabaw Sound, G.(305.) Oswego, N. Y. (57.) Oswego CaH, see N. Y. (57.) Painesville, O. (101.) Painsville, Va. (1 6.) Painted Post, N. Y. (79.) Palatine, N. Y. (59.) Palestine, II. (145.) Palestine, Ind. (167.) Palermo, Me. (40.) Pallachuchee, Ala. (285.) Palmyra, Me (40.) Palmyra, N. Y. (56.) Palmyra, Mo. (141.) Palmyra, Miss. (279.) Paoli, Ind. (167.) Pamhco Sound, N. C. (238.) Pamlico R., N. C. (2.38.) Papakunk, N. Y. (82.) Paris, K. (169.) Paris, Me. (.39.) Paria, T. (206.) Ottowa, or Grand R., L. C. (13.) Ottsville, P. (133.) Ovid, II. (185.) Ovid, N. Y. (80.) Owego, N. Y. (80.) Owenton, K. (169.) Owenboro, K. (187.) Owingsville, K. (170.) Oxford, N. H. (61.) Oxford, N. Y. (81.) Oxford, 11.(166.) Oxford, N. C. (216.) Oxford Rail R., see Pa. (156.) Oyster Bay, N. Y. (135.) P. Parkman, O. (101.) Parker, N. C. (218.) Parkers S. C. (2^0.) Parkers, Miss. (264.) Parkersburg, Va. (151). Parrishville,N. Y. (35.) Parry ville, II. (164.) Parrots, S. C. (254.) Parsonfield, Me. (63.) PascagoLila R., Miss. (311.) Pascagoula Bay, Miss. (311.) Pass Marian, Lou. (311.) Pater son and Hudson river i?oi//?oa(/, see N.J. (134.) Patterson, N. Y. (109.) Paterson,N. J. (134.) Patesville, K. (188.) Pattonsburg, Va. (195.) 92 PAT PENNSYLVANIA. Patton, N. C. (236.) Pellicers, Fl. (330.) Pawtucket Canal, see Mass. Pembroke, Mass. (86.) (85.) Pemmaquid Pt. Me. (64.) Peaces, Ala. (248.) Pennsboro, Pa. (106.) Pearl R., Miss. (2;)6.) Penobscot R. Me. (20.) Pearlington, Miss. (310.) Penobscot Buy, Me. (64.) Peedee R., S. C. (255.) Pensacola, F. (312.) Peekskill, N. Y. (10.9.) Pensacola Bay, F. (312.) Pennsylvania, state of, (132.) is divided into 52 counties. Population, 1,347,672, including 386 slaves. Area, 47,500 square miles. Capital, Harrisburg; metropolis, Phila- delphia in N. Lat. 39° 57'. E. Long. 1° 47'. General election, second Tuesday in October ; legislature meet first Tuesday in December. Constitution formed, 1790. Government. — Governor — term of office three years, salary $4,000 ; secretary of state ; treasurer ; auditor general ; surveyor general ; and attorney general. Legislature. — Senate consists of thirty-three members, elected for four years. House of representatives, one hun- dred members, elected annually. Juiiciary. — There is a supreme court, consisting of a chief justice and four associate judges. This court holds its courts in five places in the state, which is divided into five districts for that purpose. The state is also divided info 16 districts, for the sessions of the courts of common pleas. Each of these circuits has a presiding judge, and two associates from each county. The judges of the supreme court receive a salary of $2,000 per annum ; the judges of the common pleas, $1,600 ; and the associates, $200. Physical Structure. — The Allegheny mountains pass obliquely, across the central part of the state, ranging, generally, from north-east to south-west. The several ridges which constitute the system here are known by local names, differing, in many cases, from those generally a- dopted by writers on geography. In passing along the great road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, the traveller crosses, successively the following ridges : Mine Hill ; South Moun- tain ; Blue Mountain ; Cove ; Sideling Hill ; Tussey 's Moun- PENNSYLVANIA. Ud tain ; Dunning's Mountain ; Will's Mountain ; Allegheny Mountain ; Laurel Hill, and Chesnut ridge. The Alle- gheny Mountain is by far the most elevated among the group ; it is here that the waters which run eastward and those flowing into the Ohio, have their sources. The ridges on either side of the great Allegheny, are little else than mere steps from the plains below, up to the main ridsre ; the valleys, as well as the ridges, becoming more and more elevated, as they approach the dividing ridge. Some of the peaks attain an elevation of 3,000 teet ; the mean altitude of the Allegheny system, is about 2,500 feet above tide water. Islands. — With the exception of a few small islands in the Delaware and Susquehmna, there is none within the borders of the state. Those in the Susquehanna, are, Dun- can's island, at the mouth of the Juniata ; Hill island, near Middletown ; Fishing island, a few miles below, and some others. And in the Delaware, Tinicum, Hog, League, Pettys, Biles, &c. Lakes ; — Erie, which borders the N. W, part of the state, and Conneaut, are the only lakes in the state, which is remarkably destitute of such aggrega- tions of waters, as deserve the name of lakes. Rivers. — Delaware, Schuylkill, Lehigh, Susquehanna, Swatara, Juniata, West brunch, Ohio, Beaver, Allegheny, Conemaugh, Clarion, French creek, Monongahela, Yough- iogeny, &c. Productions. — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, oats, flax, lumber, live stock, iron, &c. &c. Cities and Towns. — Philadelphia, the metropolis; Harris- burg, the capital ; Pittsburg, Erie, Lancaster, York, Read- ing, Bethlehem, Easton, Pottsville, Chester, West Chester, Carlisle, Bedford, Washington, (Sec. Internal. Improve?nents : — State Canals. — (Central division, Pennsylvania Canal, ex- tends from Columbia to Holidaysburg, length 171 .3-4 miles. Western division, Pennsylvania Canal, from Johnstown to Pittsburg, length 104 miles. Susquehannah division, Penn- sylvania Canal, extends from the central division on Dun- can's island, to Northumberland, 39 miles. West Branch division, Pennsylvania Canal, from Northumberland to 94 PENNSYLVANIA. Dunnstown, 65 3-4 miles. North Branch division, Pennsyl. vania Canal, }rom Nortliumberland to Nanticoke tails, 6Ui miles. An extension of this canal, 14 db-l'iO miles, is now in progress. Delaware division, Pennsylvania Canal, ex- tends from Bristol to taston, 5.^ 3-4 miles, i ittshurg and Erie Canal, is to extend from Pittsburg to Erie, 73-40 miles oi this work is completed. Canals constructed by joint stock-companies. — Schuyl- kill Navigation, extends from Philadelphia to Port Carbon, 108 miles. Union Canal, extends from the Schuyl.uU near Reading to Middletown on the Susquehannah, iiz-08 miles. Pine Grove Canal, a branch of the preceding, 6-75 miles in length. Lehigh Navisration, from Easton to Mauch Chunk, 46-75 miles. Lackawaxen Canal, from M'C'arty's point to Honesdale, '25 miles. Conestoga Navigation, from Lancaster to Safe Harbor, on the Susquehannah, 18 miles. Codorus Navigation, from York to the Su quehannah, 11 miles. West Philadelphia Canal, around the western abut- ment of the permanent bridge, over the Schuylkill, about 5U0 yards in length. State Rail Roads. — Columbia Rail Road, extends from Philadelphia to Columbia, on the Susquehannah, length 81-60 miles. Alleghany Portage Rail Roa /, from HoUi- daysburg to Johnstown, forms the connecting link between the central and western divisions of the Pennsylvania canal, length 36-6.^ miles. Rail Roads constructed by joint stock companies : — Mauch Chunk Rail Road, from Mauch Chunk to the coal mines, 9 miles. Room Run Rail Road, from Mauch Chunk to the coal mine on Room Run, 5-26 'uiles. Mount Carbon Rail Road, from Mount Carbon to Norwegian valley, 7-24 miles. Schuylkill Valley Rail Road, from Port Carbon to Tuscarora, lU miles. Branches of the preceding, 15 miles. Schuylkill Rail Road, 13 miles. Mill Creek Rail Road, from Port Carbon to the coal mines, r-jar Mill Creek, length, including branches, 7 miles. Miw: Hill and Schuyl- kill Haven Rail Road, from Schuylkill Haven to the coal mines at Mine Hill, length, including 2 branches, 20 miles. Pine Grove Rail Road, 4 miles in length. Little Schuyl- kill Rail Road, from Port Clinton to Tamaqua, 23 miles. , Jllli^^ 'QSLJffilJilDI LEsLiti bLL^ LLLir I L_tilS^ilierL_L_LL^L ^^t:Ln>tLel-bL_L_LLLL g LLLiS'tivthLLLLuLLD^ . . „ g L L L_ IKitrhrtliLL L L lj!«_- '^ELE^kUltz^^LtLl!cL baSitiiLLLlliL£2.1_ ^^LL4^LiyLk[LLL[£iit[!h^ ■■■ Ask: " "ir : . -"'w ^^t!' ■ r ' r I r r r I - 1 a .r ^ ^'i ■-■ :f . ^- ^J • ife JJ JE ■^|.■ ,//' A '"m JE LLLEnm LLLLLLLL C^LLLlL lTlTll^ll LLLLLLtLLhtLLL LLLLL^tLILLL iLLthLtLL LLLLLKLL LLLLtLLyLLLI ."^ . Lll L_ I v._^ L_ 1^ i_v_ iiLit!lrji — _ 111 .§3 I? L_is^ Lbloiba-L^^ 1 ^L_ SituE L=,Lkl — L-i_ I — L_l_t_ll — \^l 1 — ^ S/tei ,' /< I _ - r aTl H^LlLLi:|Lt tlLlL L!>L_ L^ L Lti^ L t_ ^1 1 1^ L_ L_ A_ liii i I- LI, M \m\3s^/.LlL%^ik^itc'^1t'-\^^^%, PENNSYLVANIA. 95 Lackawaxen Rail Road^ from Honesdale to Carbondale, 16^- miles. West Chester Hail Road, Irorn the Colvmiia R. R. to Westchester, d tiiiles. thiladelp/na, Gtrmantown and Noriistoion Hail Road, (about 7 ri.iles o. tins roud are coDipleled, a new route to Norristown, leaving Gcrrnanlown to the jN. E. has been adopted.) Lyhin's Vaheij Rail hoad, from Broad Mountuin to MiUersburg. k lata clphia and Denton hail Road, 26 1-4 miles in length. Central Rail Road, from the vicinity of i ottsville to Sunbury, 44-54 miles. Danville branch, 7 miles long, whole length 51-54. Oxford Rail Road, now in progress, extends trom the Coivmtia R. R. to the Maryland state line. Reading Rail Road, to extend from Norristown to Port Clinton. Pennsylvania Canals and Perrysville, T. (227.) Rail Roads, see Fennsyl- Person C. H., N. C. (215.) vania, (132.) Petersburg, P. (131.) Penyan, N. Y. (79.) Petersburg, P. (153.) Peoria, Ind. (119.) Petersburg, P. (155.) Perdido R., F. (317.) Petersburg, Ind. (166.) Perrysburg, O. (99.) Petersburg, Va. (Iu7.) Perry, G (287.) Petersburg and Roanoke Perrysville, O. (126.) Rail Road, see Virginia, Perrysville, P. (126.) (217.) Perrysville, Mo. (185.) Peters T., Va. (194.) Philadelphia, P. (137.) The metropolis of the state of Pennsylvania, and, after New York, the largest city in the United States. It is favourably situated between tiie Dela- ware and Schuylkill rivers, about five miles Irom the junc- tion of the latter with the Delaware. The city proper, or that portion of it v\hich is limited by the Delaware on the east, the Schuylkill on the west. Vine street on the north, and South or Cedar street on the south, is under the juris- diction of the corporation. The adjoining districts have each separate and distinct municipal authorities and regu- lations, wholly unconnected, in a legal point of view, with the others, or either of them. These regulations, being merely local in their operation, are unimportant in reler- ence to the city, as it is generally understood, which, for all practical purposes, may be regarded as embracing the 96 PHILADELPHIA. adjoining districts of Kensington, the Northern Liberties, Spring Garden, South wark, iMoyamensing, &.c. Tlie densely built parts of the city and districts, have an outhne of about i^^ miles. 1'he principal streets ot the city proper, are Market or High, Arch or Mulberry, Race or Sj.ssairas, Vine, Chestnut, Walnut, Dock, iSpruce, Lom- bard, South or Cedar, Front, Second, Third, 6lc. up to Thirteenth, which is succeeded by Broad street, &lc. Those of the Northern Liberties, are Callowhill, Noble, Green, Coats, Brown, Front, Budd, Second, St. Johns, 'I'hird sts., Old York Road, &c. Those of Kensington, Beach, Queen, Maiden, Shackamaxon, Marlboro, Hanover street, &.C. In opring Garden, are John, Lawrence, Eighth, Ninth, &:c. Callowhill, James, Buttonwood, Spring Gar- den, Washington streets, &c. In Southwark, Ship, pen. Plum, German, Catherine, Queen, Christian, Car- penter. Prime streets, &c. And in Moyamensing, Ship- pen, Fitzwater, Catherine, Tidmarsh, Prime, and Federal streets. In addition to the above, each district has several cross streets and avenues, most of which are well built. Public buildings, and other interesting objects in or near the city, are : Independence Hall or State-house, in which the various courts are held. Bank of the United States, Philadelphia Bank, Theatre, Arcade and Philadelphia Mu- seum, Masonic Hall, Academy of the Fine Arts, United States Mint ; all the above are in Chestnut street. Penn- sylvania Hospital, in Pine street ; Alms-house, in Spruce street ; Orphan's Asylum, in Cherry street ; WiUs's Hos- pital tor the Lame and Blind, in Race street ; Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind, in Thirteenth street ; Orphan's (Catholic) Asylum of St. Joseph, in Chestnut street ; Widow's Asyluni, in Cherry street ; Permsylvania Institu- tion tor the Deaf and Dumb, on Broad and Pine streets ; Merchants' Exchange and Post Office, on Dock, Third and Walnut streets ; C'ustom-house, in Second street ; City Library, and Philoso[)hical Hall and Athenium, in Fitth street near Chestnut; Hall of the Franklin (mechanics') Institute, in Seventh street ; Academy of Natural Sciences, in Twelfth street ; University buildings, in Ninth street ; Jetierson College and Hall of the Geological Society of PHILABELFHIA. m Pennsylvania, in Tenth street; Musical Fund Hall, in Locust street ; Adelphi, in Fifth street; Washington Hall, in Third street; Theatre, in Walnut street; Theatre in Arch street; Prison, on Arch and Broad streets; Prison, in Walnut street; Eastern Penitentiary, and House of Refuge, in Coates street ; Fair Mount Water Works, on the Schuylkill, N. W. of the State-house ; Marine Asylum, and United States' Arsenal, on the Schuylkill, S. W. of the State-house; Navy Yard, on the Delaware; Friends' Lunatic Asylum, near Frankford ; about 80 churches, 12 banks; Alms-house, west side of the Schuylkill; Girard College, N. W. of the State-house, &c. &c. ROUl ES FROM PHILADELPHIA. To Pittsburg. a3 I Laughlintown, 16 241 'Fair Mount, 1 ^ I Grcensburg, 23 264 i Viaduct over the 52 ( Pittsburg, 32 296 Schuylkill, o 3 Buck l^avern. 8 11 To Pittsburg, via ^arris- Spread eagle. 5 16 hurg. Paoli, 5 21 Lancaster, by rail road, 69 "T3 Warren 1 22 Mountjoy, by stage, 12 81 O •Valley Creek, 7 29 Middletown, 15 96 S' Downingtovvn, 3 32 Harrisburg, 9 105 ,5 Coatesville, 8 40 Carlisle, 18 123 Ph Gap Tavern, 11 51 Stough'sT. 13 136 Mine ridge. 1 52 Shippensburg, 7 143 Mill Creek, 5 57 Chambersburg, 11 154 Soudersburg, 3 60 Pittsburg, as above, 149 303 Lancaster, 9 69 Mt. Pleasant, 8 77 To Pittsburg, by PevnsyL C'olumbia, 5 82 sylvania Rail Road and -York, 11 93 Canal. Abbotstown, 15 108 Columbia, as above, 82 Gettysburg, 14 122 ' Marietta, 3 85 6 CO Chambersburg, 25 147 Bainbridge, 6 91 M'Connelstown,19 166 ,-i a Falmouth, 4 95 ^ Bedford, 31 197 C < Middletown, 4 99 Shellsburg, 9 206 O Highspire, 3 102 ^ Stoystown, 19 225 Harrisburg, 6 108 98 ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA. f Blue Mt. Gap, 5 113 New Berlin, 11 133 Port Dauphin, 3 116 Millheim, 25 158 Duncans Isd. 9 125 Bellefbnte, 21 179 Newport, 10 135 Phillipsburg, 27 206 'I'hoiiipsontowr ,11 146 C'urwinville, 19 225 Mexico, 7 153 Brookville, 37 262 Mifflnitown, 4 157 Shippensville, 27 289 J- Luwistown, 14 171 Franklin, 18 307 VVaynesburg, Aughwick F's, 14 185 Meadville, 25 332 12 ly7 Waterlord, 23 355 Huntingdon, 17 2i4 Erie, 15 370 Petersburg, 7 221 Alexandria, 7 '2-^8 To Pottsville, by Schuylkill Williamsburg, 12 240 Canal. Frankstown, 10 250 Manayunk, 7 ^ Hollidaysburff, 3 253 Flat Rock, 1 8 Johnstown, by R. R. 37 2 JO Spring Mills, 3 n ' Laurel Hill, 7 2j7 Norristown, 5 16 Lock port. 10 307 Phenixville, 12 28 Chesnut Hill, 5 312 Pottslown, 15 43 Blairsville, 8 3j0 Unionville, 3 46 1- CO Saltzburg, 16 336 Birdsboro, 6 52 VVarrentown, 12 348 Reading, 12 64 o Leech burg, 10 358 Hamburg, 23 87 Allegheny aqu 1. 3 361 Port Clinton, 4 91 Logans Ferry, 15 376 Tunnel, 7 98 . Pittsburg, 18 394 Schuylkill Haven, 3 lOl Mount Carbon, 4 105 To Erie, Pa. by Staare. Pottsville, 1 106 Manaj^unk, 7 Port Carbon, 2 108 Norristown, 9 16 Trap, 9 25 To Bethlehem, Pa. by Stage. Fotlstown, 10 35 Sunville, 3 Warrensburg, 5 40 Germantown, 3 6 Exetertown, 5 45 Flowertovvn, 5 11 Reading, 7 52 Spring, 6 17 Hamburg, 15 67 Montgomery, 4 21 Orwigsburg, 11 78 Lexington, 4 25 Pottsville, 8 86 Seilersville, 7 32 Sun bury. 36 122 Quakertown, 5 37 ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA. 99 Fryburg-, 6 43 To New York, by Steam Boat Bethlehem, 8 51 and Rail Road. Bordentown, by S. Boat, 30 To Eastov, by Stage. Centerville, by Rail R. 9 39 Shoemakertown, 9 Spotswood, 16 55 Jenluntown, 1 10 Soutli Am boy, 9 64 Abington, 1 11 Perth Ainboy, by S. WillowgTove, 2 13 Boat, 2 66 Newville, 7 20 New York, 25 91 Dojlestown, 4 24 Ottsville, 15 39 To Baltimore, by Steam Boat Easton, 17 56 and Rail Road. ^ CFortMitflin, 8 "1 Lazaretto, 5 13 To New York by Stage. Frankford, 5 C3 1 Chester, 5 IS Hohnsburg-, 4 9 S i Marcus Hook, 4 22 Bristol, 11 20 1 Christiana Cr. 8 30 Trenton, 11 31 ^ t New Castle, 5 35 Princeton, 10 41 Frenchtown,byR.R. 16 51 Kingston, 3 44 Baltimore, by S. B. 69 120 New Brunswick, 13 57 Milton, 13 70 To Baltimore, by Stage. Eiizabethtown, 5 75 Darby, 6 Newark, 6 SI Chester, 9 15 New York, 10 91 Wilmington, 13 28 Elkton, 2J 48 To New York, by Steam Boat Havre de Grace, 16 64 and Stage. Baltimore, 34 yS Burlington, by S. Boat, . 19 Bristol, do. 1 20 To Baltimore, by Steam Boat Bordentown, do. 10 30 and Canal. Trenton, do 6 36 New Castle, as above, Princeton, by Stage, 10 46 by Steam Boat, 35 New Brunswick, do 17 63 Delaware City, 6 41 Perth Amboy, by S. St. Georges, by Canal, 5 46 Bo.t, 12 75 Deep Cut, do. 4 50 New Yurk, do. 25 100 Bohemia, do. 5 55 Turkey Point, by S. Boat, 10 65 Baltimore, do. 48 113 100 PIT To Cape May, by Steam Bout. Delaware City, as above, 41 Reedy Island, 5 46 AMaways Creek, 5 51 Bombay Hook, 12 63 Egg Island, 17 80 Light Ho., C. Mav, 20 100 Cape Island, " 2 202 To Cape May, by Stage. Woodbury, 9 Jonesboro, 10 19 Malaga, ., 10 29 Millville, 13 4-^ Port Elizabeth, 6 48 Dennis Creek, 14 62 Goshen, 4 66 Cape May,C. H. Cold S()ring, Cape Island, 4 70 9 79 2 81 To Tuckerton, JS. Jer. by Stage. Pensauken Creek, 9 Hampton, F. 17 26 Washington, 9 35 Tuckerton, 14 49 To Long Branch. Bordentown, by S, B. 30 Allentovvn, by Stage, 7 37 Monmouth, do. 18 55 Eaton, do. 10 65 Long Branch, do. 4 69 Philadelphia (West) Canal, see Pennsylvania, (157.) Philadelphia, Germanloion 6f Norristown Rail Road, see Pennsylvania, (133.) Philadelphia, K. (188.) Phillipsbarg, L.C. (1 6.) Phillipsburg, P. (130.) Pickensviile, S. C. (2.52.) Pickensville, Miss. (280.) Picolota, F. (330.) Pierces, Ga. (28.).) Pike, N. Y. (78.) Pikeville, K. (192.) Pikoville, T. (22.1.) Pikeville, Ala. (246.) Piketon, O. (150.) Pinckneyville, S. C. (253.) Pine Bluff, Ark. (242.) Pine Log, Ga. (250.) Pineville, S. C. (273.) Pine Grove Rail Road, see Pennsylvania, (13 J.) Pine Orchard, N. Y. (83.) Pinthocco, Ala. ("284.) Piscataw^ay, Md. (177.) Piqua, O. (124.) Point au Tremble, L. C. (15.) Pt. Pyrites, Mich. (69.) Pt.-au Pins, U. C. (75.) Pt.au Play e, U. C. (100.) Pt. Pleasai.t, Va. (171.) P. duRocher, II. (163.) P. Frederick, Md. (177.) Pt. Tobacco, Md. (177.) Pt. Comfort, Ala. (285.) Pt. au Fer, Lou. (322.) Pt. of Pines, Fl. (328.) Pt. Chico, Lou. (.324.) Pittsfield, Mass. (83.) PITTSBURG. 101 Pittston, Pa. (107.) Pittsburg, Pa. (128.) The city of Pittsburg was founded in 1765 ; and now contains a population of about 30,000, in- cluding the adjoining villages of Allegheny, Birmiigham, &c. It is a place of great trade, and has extensive manu- factures. The public buildings are, a court house, ex- change, college, monitorial school house, several hotels, museums, U. States and Pittsburg banks, market-house, many founderies, and 1 6 or 18 churches of various denomi- nations. ROUTES FROM PITTSBURG. To Cincinnati, O. hy Steam Cincinnati, 26 449 Boat. (See Cincinnati.) Middletown, 11 Beavertown, 18 2.^ To Philadelphia by Stage. Fawcetstown, 19 48 East Liberty, 5 Steuben ville, 22 70 Wilkinsburg, 3 8 Wellsburg, 7 77 Howardsville, 3 11 Warrenton, 6 83 Stewartsville, 8 19 Wheeling, 8 91 Adamsburg, 6 25 Eliza bethtown. 13 104 Greensburg, 7 32 Sistersville, 35 139 Youngstown, 10 42 Newport, 17 15« Laughlin, 13 55 Marietta, 16 172 Stoystown, 16 71 Parkersburg, 13 185 Bedford, 28 99 Belville, 17 202 M'Connels T. 31 130 Latarts rapids, 30 232 Chambersburg, 19 149 Point Pleasant, 29 261 Gettysburg, 25 174 Gallipolis, 3 264 York, 29 203 Guyandot, 34 298 Columbia, 11 214 Burlington, 7 305 Lancaster, by R. ] R. 13 227 Portsmouth, 41 346 Downingtown, 37 264 Manchester, 36 382 Philadelphia, 32 2y6 Maysville, 10 3i.2 Ripley, 7 399 To Philadelphia, by Canal Augusta, 9 408 and Rail Road. Point Pleasant, 15 423 Allegheny aqueduct, 33 *9 lo; 2 PIT PORTLAND. Blairsville, 41 74 Mercer, 15 60 Johnstown, by R. R, 30 104 Georgetown, 15 75 ' HoUidaysburg, 37 141 MeadviUe, 15 90 Huntingdon, 39 180 Waterlbrd, " 23 113 "rt Lewistown, 43 2-23 Erie, 15 128 Duncan Island 46 269 vJ Middletown, 26 295 To Wheeling, by Stage, .Columbia, 17 302 Findlaysville, 13 Philadelphia, R.R. 82 394 Washington, Martinsburg, 11 24 5 29 To Erie, Pa. by Staff e. Claysville, 4 3a Woodville, 18 W. Alexandria, 6 39 Butler, 9 27 Wheeling, 16 55 Cen treviile, 18 45 Pittboro, N. C. (235.) Phittsburg, N. Y. (36.) Pleasant Valley, N. Y. (36). Pleasant Grove, Va. (216.) Pleasant River Bay, Me. (42.) Plymouth, N. H. (62.) Plymouth, Mass. (112.) Plymouth, N. C. (238.) Pocomoke Bay, Va. (199.) Pogoi Is., Fl. (328.) Point Alderton, Mass. (86.) Pokanaweethty, Fl. (314.) Pompton, N. J. (108.) Pontiac, Mich. (73.) Poplar Spring, Md. (155.) Portage, N. Y. (57.) Portage, O. (101.) Port Deposit Canal, see Maryland, (156 ) Port Genesee, N. Y. (56.) Port Glasgow, N.Y. (57.) Port Barnet, Pa. (103.) Port Allegheny, Pa. (104.) Port Williams, K. (168.) Port Royal, Va. (176.) Portland, (63,) the metropolis of Maine, has a population of 12,600. Several handsome public and private buildings, among the former are a court-house, custom-house, 10 churches, 6 banks, &c. ROUTES FROM PORTLAND. To Boston, by Stage. York, 15 47 Saco, 16 Portsmouth, 9 56 Kin nebunk port, 10 26 Hampton falls, 13 69 Wells, 6 32 New bury port, 9 78 PORTLAND. 103 Rowley, 5 83 Eastport, 15 231 Topsrield, 8 91 D.invers, 6 97 To Quebec, by Stage. Saugus, 7 104 Brunswick, 27 Boston, 10 114 Bodoiiiham, 13 40 Gardner, 11 51 To Boston, via Salem, by Hallowell, 4 55 Stage. Aug-usta, 3 58 Rowley, as above, 83 Waterville, 17 75 Ipswich, 5 88 Morridgwock, 16 91 Hamilton, 5 93 Solon, 20 111 Wenham, 2 95 Moscow, 13 124 Beverly, 4 99 Ferry over Kenne- Salem, 3 102 beck river, 17 141 Lynn, 5 107 Monument, 48 189 Boston, 10 117 St. Joseph, 54 243 St. Henry, 28 271 To Eastport, by Stage. Quebec, 12 283 Freeport, 18 Brunswick, 9 27 To Alfred. Bath, 7 34 Buxton, 15 Wiscasset, 15 49 Alfred, 14 29 Waldoboro, 18 67 Warren, 9 76 To White Hills. Thomastown, 4 80 Standish, 17 Camden, 11 91 Hiram, 14 31 Belfast, 18 109 Boundary line. 10 41 Castine, (by water) 9 118 Mt. Washington, 47 88 BluehiU, 10 128 Elsworth, 14 142 To Paris. Franklin, 12 154 Windham, 15 Cherryfield, 20 174 Raymond, 11 26 Columbia, 12 186 Otisfield, 11 37 Machias, 15 201 Paris, 13 50 Whiting, 15 216 Portland, N. Y. (77.) Portsmouth, N.H. (63.) Portland, Ala. (283.) Portsmouth and Roanoke Portersville, Ind. (167.) Rail Road, see Va. (218.) Ports, S. C. (274.) Portsmouth, 0.( 171.) 104 roT RALEIGH. Potato F., S. C. (274.) Potomac, Md. (154.) Potomac R., Md. (177.) Potomac Navigation, see Virginia, {\55.) Pofosi, Mo. (164.) Potsdatn, N. Y. (35.) Pottstown, Pa. (133.) Pottcrsville, Pa. vl02.) Poughkeepsie N. Y. (109.) Powelton, Ga. (271.) Prairie du Chien, Mich.(66, Prairie BIufF, Ala. (283.) Prattsville, Md. (154.) Prestoiiburg, K. (192.) Prescott, U. C. (34.) Presque L, U. C.( 56.) Presque Is. Pa. (76.) Princeton, N. J. (134.) Princeton, Ind. (166,) Princeton, K. (Ib7.) Princess Anne, Md. (178.) Pro hetstown, Ind. (122.) Providence, R. 1.(111.) hrovidence and Norwich Rail Road, see R. I (111.) Provincetown, Mass. (86.) Prudliomme, Lou. (293.)^ Prunty, Va.(1.52.) Puckna, Ala. (267.) Pughtown, Va. (154.) Pulaski, T. (227.) Pultneyville, N. Y. (56.) Purdy, T. (226.) Paris, S. C. (289.) Putnam, Ind. (146.) Quapaw villages. Ark. (242. Queenstown, Md. (177.) Quincy, Mass. (86.) Racoon spring, K. (191.) Raesville, Ga. (271.) ) Quincy, II. (141.) Quincy, F. (315.) R. Raleigh, T. (225.) Raleigh, N. C (236.) Capital of North Carc^ina, con- tained in 1830, 1,700 inhabitants. The pubUc buildings are a state-bouse, court-house, jail, market-house, theatre, tvs^o or three banks, 2 churches, &c. ROUTES FROM RALEIGH. To Richmond Va., by Stage. Louisburg, 35 Warreiiton, 23 58 Lavvrenceville, 38 96 Petersburg, 50 146 Richmond, 21 167 To Ede.nton, by Stage. Wakefield, 20 Tarboro, 46 66 Williamston, 34 100 Jamestown, 11 111 Plymouth, 13 124 Edenton, 14 138 RALEIGH. READING. 105 To Newhurn, by Stage. Lit. Lynches Cr. 21 162 Srnithfield, 30 Camden, 12 174 Waynesboro, 24 54 Columbia, 32 106 Kingston, 26 80 Nevvbern, 47 127 To KnoxviUe, T. by Stage. Branthys, 16 To Wilmington, by Stage. Pittboro, 20 36 Fayetteville, 58 Ashboro, 34 70 Elizabeth, 39 97 Salisbury, 32 102 Wilmington, 61 158 Statesville, 27 129 Morg-antown, 38 167 To Columbia, S. C. Ashville, 62 229 Fayetteville, 58 Warm Springs, 36 265 Laurel hill, 33 91 Newport, T. 28 293 Cheraw, 28 119 Dandridge, T. 15 308 Evans Ford, 22 141 Knoxville, T. 32 340 Raleighs Bay, N. C. (258.) Ravenna, O, (101.) Rantales, S C. (290.) Raymond, Me. (63.) Rappahannock R., Va. (198.) Reading, N. Y. (80.) Reading, Pa. (133.) Seat of justice of Berks county. Population in 1830, 5,859. The public buildings consist of a court-house, two banks, county offices, 7 or 8 churches, &c. The inhabitants are mostly Germans, or descendants of Germans. ROUTES FROM READING. To Philadelphia Exetertown, , by Stage. Unionville, Pottstown, 6 18 3 21 Warrensburg, 5 12 Phenixville, 15 36 Pottstown, 5 17 Norristown, 12 48 Trap, Norristown, Manayunk, Philadelphia, 10 27 9 36 9 45 7 52 Manayunk, 9 57 Philadelphia, 7 64 To Potisville, by Schuylkill Canal. To Philadelphia, by Schuyl- kill Canal. Hamburg, Port Clinton, 23 4 27 Birdsboro, 12 Schuylkill Haven, 10 37 I 106 REA RHODE-ISLAND. Pottsville, 5 42 To Lancaster, hy Stage. Port Carbon, 2 44 Adamstown, 9 Reainstow^n, 5 14 To Pottsville, by Stag e. Ephrata, 4 18 Maiden Creek, 7 Lancaster, 13 31 Hamburg-, 8 15 Port Clinton, 5 20 To Karrishurg^ by Stage. Orwigsbuig, 6 26 Sinking Spring, 4 Pottsville, 8 34 Womelsdorf, 9 J 3 Myerstown, 7 20 To Middletown, bij Union Lebanon, 6 26 Canai Millerstown, 5 31 Berneville, 15 Palmyra, 6 37 Womelsdorf, 10 25 Hummelstown, 6 43 Stouchstown, 3 28 Harrisburg, 9 52 Myerstown, 5 33 Lebanon, 8 41 To Easton, by Stage. Tunnel, 1 42 Kulztown, 17 Swatara river. 7 49 Trexlcrstown 9 26 Quittapapilla R., 11 60 Allentown, 8 34 Middletown, 19 79 Bethlehem, 6 40 Easton, 10 50 Reisters, Md. (156.) Renssellaerville, N. Y. (82.) Reynoldsburg, T. (207.) Reading, O. (148.) Red River, Lou. (294.) Red Church, Lou. (323.) Redheimers, S. C. (273.) Rhode Island, state of, (lU,) is divided into five coun- ties. Population in 1830, 97,212. Area, 1,300 square miles. Capitals, Providence and Newport; metropolis. Providence, hit. 41° 49' N. long. 5° 28' E. Gent ral elec tion, April and August. Legislature meets, first Wednes- day in May, and last Wednesday in October. Date of Charter (from Charles II.), 1063. Oxficers of the government for one year : governor, sala- ry $400 ; lieutenant-governor, $200 ; secretary of state, fees and $750 ; state treasurer, $450 ; attorney-general, fees. General Assembly. — Senate consists of the governor, RHODE-ISLAND. 107 lieutenant-governor, and eight senators. House of repre- sentdtives consists of 72 members, elected semi-annually. Judiciary, — is vested in a supreme court, composed of a chiei'justicc ($650 per annum), and two associale judges ($550 each), and a court of common pitas, couiposed of five judges, for each county of the state. All the judges are appointed annually by the general assembly. Physical Structure. — No mountains of great elevation exist in this state. In the north-west quarter, hills of con- siderable magnitude occur, at frequent intervals : the sub- stratum being composed almost entirely of rocks which Ire- quently exhibit themselves, not only on the hills, but in the valleys also. These give to this part ot the state a ruggid, and exceedingly broken surface. The other three quarters may be regarded as lev^l, with slight interruptions occa- sioned by low hills : these, however, diminish in nunjber and importance as the sea-board is approached, and within a few miles of which they terminate altogether. Lakes. — Watchogg and Charles in the south-west. Paw- tuxet and several smaller lakes in the north-west. Ricers and Bays. — Narraganset Bay ; Taunton, Paw- tucket, Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, Charles rivers, &c. Islands. — Rhode, Connanicut, Prudence, and some smaller islands. Productions. — Wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, garden vegetables, cattle, &c. «fec. Towns. — Providence, Newport, Bristol, S. Kingston, Pawtucket, Burrelville, Slatersville, Pawtuxet, ic. Internal Improvements. — Blackstone Canal, (see Massa- chusetts.) Sionington Rail Road (now in progress), ex- tends from Stonington in Connecticut, to Providence, 46 miles in length. A company has been incorporated to con- struct a Rail Road from Providence to Norwich in Con- necticut. Rhodes, T. (228.) Richland, N. Y. (57.) Rhinebeck, N. Y. (109.) Richmond, N. Y. (134.) Riceboro, G. (3d5.) Richmond, Ind. (148.) Richardsonville, S. C. (272.) Richmond C. H., Va. (177.) Richfield, N. Y. (81.) 108 RICHMOND. Richmond, Va. (197,) capital and metropolis of Virginia* Population in 1830, 16,085. Public buildings, state house< penitentiary, court house, Virginia armory, theatre, and 8 or lO hanasome churches, ROUTES FROM RICHMOND. To Norfolk by Steam Boat. Fredericksburg, 22 64 Warwick, 7 StatFord, C. H. 9 73 Osborn, 10 17 Aquia, 5 78 Eppes Island, 22 39 Dumfries, 9 87 Windmill Point, n 50 Occoquan, 9 96 Jamestown, 24 74 Alexandria, 17 113 Burrels Bay, 13 87 Washington, 9 122 Newport News, 15 102 Craney Island, 9 111 To Releigh, N. C. by Stage. Norfolk, 6 117 Petersburg, 21 Notoway R. 32 53 To Baltimore, by Steam Lawrenceville, 18 71 Boat. Roanoke R. 19 90 Newport News, as VVarrenton, 19 109 above, 102 Louisburg, 23 1.S2 Fort Calhoun, 8 110 Raleigh, 35 167 Old Pt. Comlbrt, 1 HI New ditto. 23 134 To Norfolk, by Stage. Rappahannoc R. 22 156 Petersburg, 21 Light Boat, 21 177 Cabin Point, 26 47 Cedar Point, 32 209 Surry, C. II. 14 61 Sharps Island, 25 234 Smithfield, 18 79 Herring Bay, 10 244 Nansemond R. 11 90 Thomas' Point, 12 256 Norlolk, 25 115 Bodkin Pt. 20 276 North Pt. 3 279 To Knoxville, Ten. by Fort M 'Henry, 7 286 Stage. Baltimore, 3 289 Powhatan C. H. 32 Cumberland C.H 25 57 To Washington City, by Lynchburg, 56 113 Stage. New London, 11 124 Hanover, C. H. 19 Liberty, 15 139 Bowlinggreen, 23 42 Big Liek, 28 167 RICHMOND. 109 Salem, Christiansburg, Newbern, Evansham, Mt. Airy, Abingdon, Blountsviile, Kingsport, Rogersville, Rutledge, Knoxville, 7 174 27 201 17 218 28 246 15 161 41 302 24 32b 17 343 26 369 31 400 32 432 To Guyandot, via Warm Springs, by Stage. Goochland, C. H. 2: Columbia, 19 < Monticello, 17 6 Charlottesville, & University of Va. York, Waynesboro, Staunton, Gap, 3 78 19 97 6 103 12 115 17 132 Richmond, K. (190.) Ridgefield, N. Y. (58.) Ridgeville, Pa. (131.) Ridge, S. C. (272.) R. des Moines, (90.) R. St. Croix, Me. (21.) R.St. Francis, L. C. (16.) R. St. Lawrence, U. C. (33.) River St. Clair, U. C. (51.) River Head, N. Y. (136.) Rivers, S. C. (272.) Roanoke R., Va. (2 6.) Roanoke inlet, N. C. (239.) Robbinston, Me. (.42.) Robertsvillc, S. C. (2SD.) Warm Springs, 36 168 Hot do. 5 173 White Sulphur Sp. 38 211 Lewisburg, 10 2:21 Salt Works, 82 303 Charleston, 4 307 Guyandot, 41 348 To Wirichester via Harrison- burg, by Stage. So. Anna R. 21 Louisa C. H. 30 51 Gordonsville, 15 66 Barboursville, 6 72 Stannardsville, 15 87 Magaughey T. 23 110 Harrisonburg, 11 121 Mt. Pleasant, 25 146 Woodstock, 13 159 Strasburg, U 170 Newtown, 11 181 Winchester, 8 189 Rochester Rail Road, see N. York, (56.) Rochester and Batavia R. Road, sec N. York, (56.) Roanoke Navigation, see N, Carolina &. Va, (21 iJ.) Room Run Riil Road, see Pennsylvania, (133.) Reading R. R. see Pa. (133.) Rappuhannoc Navigation, see Virginia, (176.) Richmond and I'eterdmrg Rail Road, see Vir (1 .7.) Richmond and Fredericks- burg Rail Rocd, see Vir^ giuia, Cli/7.) 10 110 ROCHESTER. Rochester, N. Y. (56,) a large commercial and manufac- turing city, in Monroe county, situated on the Genesee river, above the great falls, and six miles from its entrance into Lake Ontario; founded in 1812; population is about 12,000. Public buildings, &c. — court house, jail, twelve churches, two banks, arcade and observatory, a splendid aqueduct, 804 feet long, and five or six excellent hotels, bath house, &c. Sec. ROUTES FROM ROCHESTER. To Albany, by Erie Canal. Tonnewanta, 10 83 Pittsford, 10 Buffalo, 12 95 Palmyra, 19 29 Newark, 8 37 To Niagara Falls. Lyons, 7 44 Parma, by ridge road, 11 Clyde, 9 53 Clarkson, 7 18 Montezuma, 11 64 Gainsville, 15 33 Jordan, 15 79 Oak Orchard, 7 40 Syracuse, 20 99 Hartland, 14 54 Manlius, 9 108 Cambria, 11 6o Canistota, 16 124 Lewistown, 15 81 Rome, 21 145 Niagara Falls, 6 87 Utica, 15 160 Little Fallsj 22 182 To Utica. Canajoharie, 19 201 Pittsford, 8 Amsterdam, 23 224 Mendon, 7 15 Schenectady, 16 240 Bloomfield, 5 20 Albany, 28 268 Canandaigua, 9 29 _ Geneva, 16 45 To Buffalo by Erie Canal. Cayua, 14 59 Ogden, 12 Auburn, 9 68 Adams' Basin, 3 15 West Hills, 21 89 Brockport, 5 20 Lenox, 26 115 Holly, 5 25 Utica, 26 141 Albion, 10 35 Wrightsville, 11 46 To Buffalo, by Stage. Middleport, 9 55 Bergen, 17 Lock port. 9 64 Batavia, 13 30 Pendleton, 9 73 Pembroke, 14 44 ROC SAN in Ransoms Grove, Williamsville, 8 52 I Buffalo, 8 60 10 70 Rock R., II. (93.) Rock Pt, Lou. (279.) Rockaway, N. Y. (135.) Rock Haven, II. (186.) Rockforcl, N. C. (214.) Rockport, Ind. (188.) Rockville, Ind. (145.) Rockville, Md. (155.) Rockingham, N. C. (235.) Rockymount, Va. (215.) Rogers, Pa. (106.) Rome, N. Y. (58.) Rome, N. Y. (108.) Rome, Ind. (167.) Romney, Va. (154.) Rossville, T. (229.) Rotterdam, N. Y. (58.) Rouses Point, L. C. (15.) Rowlando, (255.) Royalton, Vt. (61.) Rumford, Me. (39.) Rushville, II. (118.) Rushville, Ind. (147.) Russel, N. Y. (34.) Russelville, K. (208.) Russelville, Ala. (247.) Rutland, Vt. (61.) Rutledge, T. (211.) Rutherfordton, N. C. (233.) Ryegate, Vt. (37.) S. Saluda Canal, see S. Caro- lina, (253.) Savannah and Ogechee Canal, see Ga. (289.) Seneca Canal, seeN.Y.(80.) Schenectady and Saratoga Rail Road, see N. Y. (83.) Schenectady and Uiica Rail Road, see N. York, (82.) Schuylkill Navigation, see Pennsylvania, (134.) Schuylkill Valley Rail Road, see Pennsylvania, (132.) Schuylkill Rail Road, see Pennsylvania, (132.) Schuylkill (little) Rail Road, see Pennsylvania, (133.) Slonington Rail Road, see Rhode Island, (111.) Salem Canal, see New Jer- sey, (157.) South Carolina Rail Road, see S. Carolina, (273.) Santee Canal, see S. Caro- lina, (273.) Sabine Lake, Lou. (319.) Sabine R., Lou. (306.) Sacket's Harb., N. Y. (57.) Saco, Me. (63.) Sagharbor, N. Y. (136.) Salem, Mass. (86.) Salem, O. (148.) Salcm, N. J. (157.) Salisbury, N. H. (62.) Salem, II. (165.) Salt Works, II. (121.) Salt Licks, Lou. (278.) Salt River, Mo. (141.) Salubria, N. Y. (80.) Saltzburg, Pa. (129.) Sandersville, Ga. (288.) 112 SARATOGA SPRINGS. Sandusky Bay, O. (100.) Sandusky C, O. (100.) Sandwich, U. C. (74.) Sandwich, Mass. (112.) Sandy Point, Mass. (112.) Sandy Hook, N. Y. (135.) Sandy Hill, N. Y. (60.) Sangamo R., II. (144.) Sangerfield, N. Y. (81.) Santa Rosa I., F. (312.) Santa Rosa Bay, F. (313.) Santaffy Bay, Fl. (328.) Santcc R., S. C. (273.) Santilla R. Ga. (304.) Sapel Sound, Ga. (^305.) Sauk Village, 11. (92.) Slate Navigation, "see Vir- ginia, (196.) Shenandoah Navigation, se Virginia, (175.) Saratoga Springs, N. Y. (60.) The most celebrated of these springs, 7 in number, occupy the central part of Sara- toga county, and are about equi-distant from Schnectady and Glenn's falls. Every accommodation is afforded the visi- ters, by the spacious and elegant hotels, which abound here. The most noted of these are. Congress Hall, near the Congress Springs, United States Hotel, in the centre of the village, the Pavilion, near Flat Rock Spring, Union Hall, opposite Congress Hall, Columbian Hotel, near the Pavilion, Washington Hall, in the north end of the village, together uith some other hotels and boarding houses. Tfiere are also commodious bathing houses, circulating library, reading rooms, mineralogical cabinet, «fcc. &c. ROUTES FROM SARATOGA SPRINGS. To Albany, by Rail Road. Ballston Spa, 6 Schenectady, 14 20 Albany, 16 36 To Albany, via Waterford. Baliston Spa, 6 Waterford, 22 28 Savannah, Ga. (289), metropolis of Georgia. Population in 1830, 7,303. Public buildings, &c.— exchange, U. S, branch bank, and some others, academy, several handsome churches, public squares, &c. Troy, Albany, 4 32 6 40 To Whitehall, Northum berland Glenns falls, and hill. Fort Ann, WhitehaU, by Stage. 4 Sandy 15 19 10 29 12 41 SAVANNAH. 118 ROUTES FROM SAVANNAH. To Augusta, by Steam Boat. Argyle Island, 7 Isla I. 8 15 Parisburg-, 16 31 Beck's Ferry, 5 36 Ebenezer, 10 46 Sisters' Ferry, 19 65 Hudson's Ferry, 25 90 Blanket Point, 5 95 Brier Creek, 16 111 Burton's Ferry, 24 135 Lower 3 runs, 11 146 Steel Creek, 12 158 Limestone BlufF, 13 17] Dog Ferry, 3 174 Demaries Ferry, 11 185 Gray's Landing, 10 195 Wallicon's Ferry, 29 224 Augusta, 7 231 To Charleston, by Steam Boat. Fort Jackson, 3 Elba Island, 5 8 Long I. 3 11 Bloody Point, 6 17 Hilton Head, 18 35 Trancard's Inlet, 4 39 Fripp's Inlet, 12 51 St. Helena Sound, 9 60 S. Edisto Inlet, 3 63 N. do. do. 13 76 Stono Inlet, 14 90 Coffin I. L. House, 11 101 Fort Moultrie, 6 107 Charleston, 4 111 To Augusta, by Stage. Abercom, 17 Ebenezer, 8 25 Jacksonboro, 45 70 Augusta, 65 135 To Milledgeville by Stage. Gr. Ogechee R. 20 Statesboro, 29 49 Sandersville, 86 135 Milledgeville, 28 163 To St. Mary's, by Stage. Bryan, old C. H. 17 Riceboro, 17 34 Barrington, 20 54 Buffalo Cr. 14 68 Scilla R. 10 78 Jefferson, 20 98 St. Mary's, 20 118 To Darien by Stage. Sunbury, 20 Sapelo, 16 36 Darien, 12 48 To Charleston, by Stage. New River, 14 Hogtown, 9 23 Coosawhatchie, 17 40 Pocotaligo, 6 46 Parker's Ferry, 32 78 Guerin's Ferry, 17 95 Charleston, 11 106 Savannah, R., Ga. (290.) Schenectady, N. Y. (83.) 10* 114 SOUTH CAROLINA, Scodic Pt., Me. (41.) Seawright, S. C. (273.) Sellers, Pa. (133.) Sclma, Ala. (283.) Seneca Ind., U. C. (77.) Seneca L., N. Y. (80.) Shakers, (61.) Shallow Lakes, N. H. (31.) Shandccan, N. Y. (52.) Sheffield, Mass. (83.) ShelbyviUe, II. (144.) Shelbyville, Ind. (147.) Sherbourne, N. Y. (81.) Shieldsboro, Miss. (310.) Shippensburg, Pa. (131.) Shuiersville, Pa. (106.) Shirleyburg, Pa. (131.) Shorebam, Vt. (60.) Shoalrft., 11. (118.) Shullsburg, Mich. (66.) Sidney, Me. (40.) Sistersville, Va. (151.) Three Sister's Islands, Mich. (99.) Skeneateles, N. Y. (80.) Small Pt., Me. (54.) Smithport, Pa. (104.) Smithfield, Va. (152.) Smyrna, De. (157.) Solon, N. Y. (81.) Somerset, Pa. (129.) Somerset, O. (150.) Somerville, N. J. (134.) Sorel, Lou. (322.) . Sorrel R., L. C. (15.) So. Bend, Ind. (96.) Sotos, Lou. (277.) South Carolina, state of, (253) ; is divided into 29 dis- tricts. Population in 1830, 581,458, including 315,665 slaves; area, 31,750 square miles; capital, Columbia; metropolis, Charleston ; lat. 32° 45' N. long. 2° 53' W. General election, second Monday in October, biennially. Legifclatnre meet, fourth Monday in November ; constitu- tion formed 1790, since amended. Government. — Governor — term of office two years, salnry, $3,500, chosen by the general assembly — lieutenant- governor, &c. Legislature : — The legislative power is vested in a senate having 45 members, elected for four years, one half being chosen biennially ; and a house of representatives, composed of 124 members, elected for two years; these bodies are styled the General Assembly. Judiciary. — Consists of a const of appeals, composed of three iudgts, who receive 83,500 per annum, each ; a court of equity, with two judges, styled chancellors, each of whom rectives $3,500 per annum ; and a court of general sessions SOUTH CAROLINA. 115 and common pleas, six judges, with a salary to each of $3,500 per annum. Physical Structure. — The entire sea coast, and for several miles inland, the surface is remarkably level. The soil consists of swamps and marshes, interspersed with ridges sufficiently elevated merely to escape submers>3n, some of which are quite inacceseible, and are thus rendered useless. After passing- the alluvial border, which is marked by the great road leading from Fayetteville to Augusta, the coun- try assumes a more undulating appearance ; the hills in- crease in number and magnitude, until they become so numerous as to form continuous ridges; these continue to enlarge in proceeding westward, and ultimately form the spurs and flanks of the great blue ridge, which here forms a part of the boundary of the state. Rivers. — Pedee ; Waccamaw ; Little Pedee; Lynches Creek; Santee ; Wateree; Catuwba ; Conganee ; Broad; Tyger ; Ennoree; Saluda; Cooper; Ashley; Edisto; Combahee, and Savannah. Islands. — North L ; Murphcy ; Cape Roman; Bulls; Dewees ; Sullivans ; Holly ; Johns ; Wadmelaw ; Edisto ; Reynolds; Hunting; St. Helena; Ladies; Port Royal; Hilton Head, «Stc. &c. Productions. — Cotton, rice, tobacco, fruits, &c. &c. Towns. — Charleston, Columbia, Georgetown, Cheraw, Camden, Yorkville, Spartanburg, Pendleton, Abbeville, Edgefield, Hamburg, Beaufort, &c. &c. Internal Improvements. — South Carolina Rail Road, commences at Charleston, and terminates in the town of Hamburg, opposite Augusta, entire length, 135-75 miles. It is projjosed to construct a brunch to Orangeburg, and thence to Columbia, &c. and another to B..rii\vell C H. Santee Canal., connects the harbor of Charleston with the S:intec, length 22 mile. V.'ini/aw Canal, extei;ds from Win- yaw Bay to I^'i^!ock Creek, a branch ol Santee river, length 7-40 mi!f^3. The nuvigr.tion ol' the Catawba has been im- proved by the construction of several small canals. Saluda Canal, extends from the head of Sakida shoals to Granby Ferry on theCc;:garee, 6-20 miles in length. Drthr''s Canal^ 116 SPA SYR is designed to overcome a fall of 120 feet in Saluda river, length 11-3 miles. Ijorick''s Canal, on Broad river, 1^ miles above Columbia, 1 mile long. LockharVs Canal, in Union District, around Lockhart's shoals, in Broad river, 2 3-4 miles long. Spains, Ga. (286.) Sparta, Lou. (279.) Sparta, Ala. (299.) Spencer, N. Y. (80.) Spencer, Ind. (146.) Spillers, Lou. (309.) Springfield, Mass. (84.) Springfield, II. (143.) Springfield, O. (149.) Springfield, Lou. (309.) Springfield, Va. (154.) Springs Schooley's Mt., N. J. (134.) Squam Beach, N. J. (134.) St. Albans, Vt. (36.) St. Amaud, L. C. (16.) St. Andrew's Bay, Fl. (314.) St. Andrew's Sd., Ga. (318.) St. Augustine, Fl. (330.) St. Catharine's Sound, Ga. (305.) St. Charles, Mo. (163.) St. Clairsville, O. (128.) St. Clair, Mich. (74.) St. Dennis, L. C. (15.) St. Francisville, Lou. (308.) St. Gabriel's Lou. (308.) St. Helena Sound, S. C. (290.) St. Helena, Lou. (309.) St. Joseph's R., Ind. (97.) St. John's R., Fl. (318.) St Louis, Mo. (163.) St. Marks, Fl. (315.) St. Martins, Lou. (308.) St. Mary's R., Ga. (317.) St. Mary's, Ga. (318.) St. Regis, L. C. (14.) St. Simons I., Ga. (305.) St. Stephens, Ala. (298.) St. Sulpice, L. C. (15.) Stafford, Ct. (110.) Statesboro, Ga. (289.) Stedham, PI. (314.) Sterling, II. (145.) Steubenville, O. (128.) Stillwater, N. Y. (83.) Stoddartsville, Pa. (107.) Stockbridge, Mass. (83.) Stockport, Pa. (107.) Stoystown, Pa. (130.) Strasburg, Pa. (156.) Strawberry Ferry, S. C. ('274.) Stuart T., N. H. (38.) Sturbridge, Mass. (84.) Sturgeon Pt., N. Y. (77.) Sullivan's I., S. C. (291.) Sunbury, Pa. (132.) Susquehannah R., Pa. (105.) Suvvanee R., Ga. (316.) Suwanee, Fl. (328.) Swansboro, Ga. (288.) Sweatz, Lou. (307.) Swedesboro, N. J. (157.) Syracuse, N. Y. (57.) TALLAHASSEE. TENNESSE. 117 Talapoosa R., Al. (268.) Talbot Ft., U. C. (76.) Tallahassee, Fl. (315.) Capital of Florida, founded and immediately incorporated as a city, in 1525. Population about 1200. The public buildings are the capital, one or two churches, &Lc. ROUTES FROM TALLAHASSE. To Pensacola. Richardson, 29 45 Salubrity, 10 Suwanee Ferry, 30 75 Aspalaga, 34 44 Dells P. O. 54 129 Chipola, 16 60 Pecolatti, 55 184 Choctawhatchee R. 47 107 St. Augustine, 22 206 Andersons, 58 165 Pensacola, 37 202 To Lake lamony, 9 To Lake Jackson, 4 To St. Augustine. To St. Marks, 21 Gadsden, 16 ! Taney T,, Md. (155.) Taylorsville, Va. (214.) Tappahannock, Va. (198.) Taylor, Ga. (289.) Tarboro, N. C. (237.) Tecumseh, Mich. (73.) Tarleton, O. (150.) Tolland, Ct. (110.) Tatesville, Ala. (299.) Tennessee R., T. (206.) Tattnall C. H., Ga. (288.) Tennessee R., Ala. (248.) Taunton, Mass. (HI.) Tennessee, state of, (226.) is divided into 41 counties. Population in 1830, 681,903, including 141,603 slaves. Area 40,200 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Nash- ville ; Lat. 36° 07' N. Long. 9° 44' W. General election, first Thursday, and Friday in August, biennally. Legis- lature meet, third Monday in September every second year; date of constitution 1796. Government. — Governor, term of office two years, salary $2,000 per annum ; legislature is composed of a senate and house of representatives, styled the General Assembly, the members of both are elected biennially, and receive each $4 a day during the session of the legislature. Judiciary. — The supreme court of errors and appeals consists of three judges, salary of each $1,800 per annum, 118 TENNESSEE. two chancellors, $1^00 each. There are eleven circuits, and a like number of judges, salary of each $1,300, per annum. Physical Structure. — Tiie most elevated portion of this state is a ridg-e of mountains which divides it from tlie state of North Carolina, to which several local names have been applied. The most noted of these are Unika, Iron, Smoky, Bald, and Stone mountains. Tliese several mountains form a single ridge of the Alleghenies, which, next to the blue ridge on the east, is the most elevated in the series. In descending the ridge just mentioned, westward, several inferior mountains occur at frequent intervals, from which spurs issue in all directions, and thus modify and establish the hydrography of this portion of the state. The same, or nearly a similar configuration, marks the country on the west of the Tennessee river, whose bed, though in a deep valley, is greatly elevated above the base of tide water. A few miles west from, and nearly pai'allel with the Ten- nessee, the Cumberland mountain attains its greatest height, and presents a remarkable feature in the geology of this part of the state. The Cumberland mountain, so called, assumes the appearance, and is in fact an extensive pla- teau, elevated probably, from 12,00 to 15,00 feet above the ocean. The mean width of this table-land is not less than 40 miles ; the western shelf of the Cumberland plateau, iorms, with the exception of some hills, the last of the nu- merous elevations, which distinguish the whole of the eas- tern part of the state, which is emphatically a " moun- tain region." Immediately west of the Cumberland, but few hills are seen, and the country generally begins to assume a level aspect ; further west, the surface continues to decline, until it is again broken by the Tennessee, which here intersects the state from south to north ; all beyond is comparatively level, no elevation deserving the name of mountain, existing in the entire space between the Tennessee and Mississippi rivers. Rivers. — Mississippi, Obion, Forked-Deer, Hatchy, and Wolf, branches of the Mississippi. Tennessee ; French- TENNESSE.— TRENTON. 119 Broad, Holston, Clinch, Hiwassee, Elk, Duck, &c. branches of the Tennessee. Cumberland ; Clear Fork, Obeys, Caney and Stones, branches of the Cumberland. Productions. — Wheat, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, corn, cotton, tobacco, hemp, garden vegetables, and fruits of many sorts. Towns. — Knoxville, Kingston, Washington, Clinton, Rutledge, Newport, Blountsville, &c. in east Tennessee. Nashville, Franklin, Columbia, Murfreesboro, M'Minnville, Fayetteville, &cc. in the centre ; and Memphis, Bolivar, Brownsville, Lexington, Jackson, Trenton, Dresden and Reynoldsburg in West Tennessee. Internal Improvements. — None yet completed. Naviga- ble communications between the waters of the Tennessee and those of the Coosa, are contemplated. A Rail Road from the town of Randolpli on the Mississippi, to Jackson in Madison county, 65 miles, is proposed, and measures for insuring its early completion, have been adopted. Terre Haute, Ind. (145.) Ticonderoga, N. Y. (60.) Tazwell, T. (211 .) Timballier Bay, Lou. (323.) Tessuntee, N. C. (231.) Tioga R., N. Y. (79.) Texas, Mex. (274.) Tolosa, Fl. (329.) Theobald, K. (169.) Tombeckbee R., Ala. (282.) Thomasville, Ga. (316.) Tomkinsville, K. (209.) Thompson, Ct. (111.) Towanda, Pa. (106.) Thompsons, S. C. (290.) Towson, Ark. (260.) Thornton, N. H. (62.) Trenton, Me. (41.) Thorntown, Ind. (122.) Trenton, N. Y. {5Q.) Thurlow, U. C. (.32.) Trenton, N. J. (134.) Capital of New Jersey. Popula- tion about 4,500. The public buildings are, a state-house, two banks, jail, several large cotton-factories, &c. ROUTES FROM TRENTON. To Philadelphia, by Stage. I Holmsburg, 11 22 Tullytown, 7 I Frankford, 4 26 Bristol, 4 11 Philadelphia, 5 31 120 TRENTON* "troy. To Philadelphia , by S. Bt. To Crosswicks, by Stage. Lamberton, 2 Bloomsbury, 1 Bordentown, 4 6 White Horse, 3 4 Bristol, 9 15 Sand Hills, on C.& A. Burlington, 1 16 Rail Road, 2 6 Bridesburg, 16 32 Crosswicks, 3 9 Philadelphia, 3 35 To Neio Brunswick, by Del- To Easton, Pa. hy Stage. aware and Raritan Canal. Penington, 9 Miliham, 1 Ringoes, 10 19 Williamsburg, 10 11 Flemington, 6 25 Kingston, 3 14 Pittstown, 9 34 Rocky Hill, 2 16 Hickorytowiij 4 38 Griggstown, 2 18 Bloomsbury, 5 43 Blackwells, 4 22 Easton, 8 51 Millstone, 3 25 Boundbrook, 5 30 Ta New York, by Stage. New Brunswick, 7 37 Princeton, 10 Kingston, 3 13 To Bordentown by Dela- New Brunswick, 13 26 ware and Raritan Canal. Milton, 13 39 Bloomsbury, 1 Elizabethtown, 5 44 Lamberton, 1 2 Newark, 6 50 Bordentown, 4 6 New York, 10 60 To Saxtonvi' e, hy Canal. To New York, hy Stage and Yardleyville Ferry, 5 and Steam Boat. Jacobs Creek, 2 7 New Brunswick, as litusville, 3 10 above. ^ Belle Mt. 3 13 Perth Amboy, 12 38 Lambertville and New York, 25 63 New Hope, 3 16 Prattsville, 5 21 .) SaxtonviUe, 3 24 Trenton, T. (21^ Troupsville, N. Y. (56.) Trenton, N. C. (237.) Troy, N. Y. (83.) A large and flourishing city, and seat of justice for Ransselkcr county. Its population is about 13,000, with numerous cLgant public buildings and TRO UNI 121 private dwellings. Among the former are four barrks, seven churches, a court-house, &.c. ROUTES FROM TROY. To Whitehall, by Champlain Canal. Lansingburg, 4 Anthony's Kill, 10 14 Stillwater, 3 ]7 Bemis' Heights, 4 21 Fort Miller, 12 43 Fort Edward, 5 43 Sandy Hill, 2 50 Kingsbury, 4 54 Fort Ann, 4 58 Whitehall, 12 70 (For routes to Montreal, Utica, Buffalo, &c. see " Routes from Albany.") Tuckersville,Ga.(305.) Tulins, Lou. (277.) Tunkhannock, Pa. (107.) Turner, N.C. (217.) Tuscaloosa, Ala. (266.) Tuscaloosa R., Ala. (266.) Tuscumbia, Ala. (247.) Tuscumhia Rail Road, see Alabama, (240.) Tushcacuta, Miss. (246.) U. Tannewanta Canal, see N. York, Troij and Ballston Rail Road, see N. York, (83.) Troy, O. (124.) Trov, Ind. (167.) Troy, Ten. (205.) Truxtun, N. Y. (80.) Truxville, (O.) 126.) Tuckerton, N. J. (158.) Ufallah, Ga. (301.) Unadilla, N. Y. (81.) Underwood, Ala. (246.) Underwoods, Miss. (261.) Union, N. Y. (83.) Union Canal, (132) see Pa. United States of North Ameiica, or "America," as they are termed by foreigners, consist of the following States, Territories and Districts. States. — Maine; New Hampshire; Vermont; Massa- cliusetts; Rhode Island ; Connecticut ; New York ; New Jer-sey ; Pennsylvania ; Delaware; Maryland; Viroinia; North Carolina; South Carolina; Gcor^jia; Alabama; Mississippi ; Louisiana ; Tennessee; Kentucky ; Missouri; Illinois ; Indiana, and Ohio. 11 Union, Pa. (153.) Union Canal, (85.) see N. H. Union, Mo. (163.) Union, S. C. (253.) Union T., Va. (1^4.) Unity, Me. (40.) 122 UNITED STATES. Territories. — Michigan , Arkansas, and Florida. Districts.— Colamhia. ; Sioux ; Mandan ; Oregon ; Osage ; Ozark and Huron ; which last is attached to Michigan. The Districts of Oregon, Mandan, Sioux, and Ozark, comprehend the entire region lying west of the states of Missouri and Illinois, and the territories of Arkansas and Michigan. Tlie whole having a population, according to the census of 1830, of 12,835,106, and an area of 2,037,165 square miles. (A more detailed account of the States, &c. will be found under the head of each.) Capital, Washington, lat. 38<^ 53' N. Metropolis, New York, lat. 40° 43' N. long. 2° 55' E. Congress meet, first Monday in December. Date of Constilulion, September 17th, 1787. Thj elections for President, and members of the Senate and House of Representatives, are determined by the state governments respectively, and occur at differ- ent periods. The president is elected for four years ; the members of the senate for six, and those of the House of Representatives, for two years. Government. — The executive department, consists of a President, who receives $25,000, and a Vice-President, $5,000 per annum. Four Secretaries, who are respectively charged with the duties of the various departments of state, the treasury, war, and the navy. Each of the secretaries receives a salary of $6,000 per annum ; one post master general, $6,000 ; and an attorney general, $3,500. These hold their offices at the will of the president. Department of State. — The secretary of this branch of the government, conducts the diplomatic correspondence at home and abroad ; negotiates treaties with foreign powers ; disseminates the acts of Congress and all treaties ; grants passports; has charge of the patent office, and of the seal of the United States, &lc. &c. The secretary of the treasury, superintends all fiscal concerns of the government, and, upon his own responsibi- lity, recommends to Congress measures for improving the condition of the revenue, and settles all government ac- counts, in which he is aided by two comptrollers, five I UNITED STATES. 123 auditors, a treasurer and a register. The General Land Office is a subordinate branch of this department. The secretary of war, has the superintendence of mili- tary affairs generally ; the erection of fortifications ; of making topographical surveys ; surveying and leasing the national lead mines, and of the intercourse v^ith Indian tribes. The secretary of the navy issues all orders to the navy of the United States, and superintends the concerns of the navy establishment generally. The board of navy com- missioners consisting of three officers of the navy, is at- tached to the office of the secretary of the navy. This board discharges all the ministerial duties of that office. General Post Office. — Tliis department is under the su- perintendence of the postmaster general, who has two assistants. The post master general has the sole appoint- ment of all the post masters throughout the United States, and the direction of every thing relating to this depart- ment. The Legislature, — consists of a Senate and House of Representatives ; meet once every year. The Senate is composed of 48 members ; two from each state. They are cliosen b})- the legislatures of the several states, for the terra of six 3^ears, one third of them being elected biennially. The vice president of the United States is president of the Senate. In his absence a president pro tempore is chosen by the Senate. The House of Representatives is composed of members from each of the states, elected by the people for a term of two years. The present number of representatives is 235, and three delegates, one from each of the territories. The Judiciary. — The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice, with a salary of $5000 per annum, and six associ- ate justices, who receive annually $4500 each; one attor- ney-general, clerk, marshal, &c. The Supreme Court meets once a year, on the second Monday in January. Circuit Courts. Each of the justices of the Supreme Court, attends also in a certain circuit, consisting of two or more districts, appropriated to each, and, in conjunction with the judge of the district, compose a Circuit Court, which is held in each district of the circuit twice a year. 124 UNI VANDALIA. The District courts are held respectively by the district judge alone. They are composed of tvventy-eight judges, to each of whom a certain district is assigned. Each of these districts embraces an entire state, except those of New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Alabama, Louisiana, and Tennessee, which are divided into two districts each, (For information on the physical structure, productions, &c. of the United States, see the individual states.) University, N. C. (235.) Upper Canada, U. C. (54.) Upper Marlboro, Md. (177.) Upper Sandusky, O. (125.) V. Upperville, Va. (155.) Urbanna, O. (125.) Urbanna, Va. (198.) Utica, N. Y. (58.) Vacasausa B., Fl. (.328.) Vance, G. (250.) Vandalia, 11. (164,) capital of the state of Illinois, lation, 1000. STAGE ROUTES FROM VANDALIA. Popu- To Terre Haute. Ewington, 31 Embarras R. 28 59 Terre Haute, 46 105 To St. Louis, Mo. Greenville, 16 EdwardsviUe, 33 49 St. Louis, 20 69 To Vincennes. Maysville, 45 Lawrenceville, 42 87 Vincennes, 10 97 To Shawneetown. Salem, 25 Mt, Vernon, 24 49 M'Leansbcro, 30 79 Shawneetown, 28 107 To America. Salem, 25 Mt. Vernon, 24 49 Frankfort, 30 79 Vienna, 36 115 America, 25 140 Carlyle, 28 Covington, 10 38 New Nashville, 8 46 Kaskaskia, 40 86 To Galena. Springfield, 70 Elk Hart Grove, 8 78 Athens, 10 88 Pekin, 40 128 Little Prairie, 9 137 Peoria, 1 138 Rock River, 76 214 Galena, 63 277 VERMONT. 125 Vansville, Md. (156.) Venus, II. (117.) Vareens, S. C. (275.) Vergennes, Vt. (36.) Varennes, S. U. (252.) Vermillion R., II. (120.) Vassalboro, Me. (40.) Vermillion Bay, FI. (321.) Vermont, state of, (84,) is divided into 13 counties. Pop- ulation in 1830, 280,679. Area, 9,800 square miles. Capi- tal, Montpelier. Metropolis, Bennington, lat. 42° 53' N. long. 3° 45' E. General election, first Tuesday in Septem- ber. Legislature meet, second Thursday in October. Constitution formed, 1777. Government. — Governor, salary $750 per annum. Lieu- tenant-governor, and a council of 12 persons, who are all chosen annually. Legislature consists of a single body, a house of representatives, the members of which are elected annually, and are styled the General Assembly. Judiciary: — consists of a supreme court, having a chief justice and four associate judges, and a county court for each county, composed of one of the judges of the supreme court and two assistant judges, all elected annually by the general assembly. A council of censors (13 persons), is chosen every seven years, for the purpose of inquiring whether the laws have been failhiully executed, &,c. FhysicaL Structure. — Vermont, as its name implies, is a mountainous region. The great Allegheny mountains pass through the entire length of the state, separating the waters of the Connecticut, from those running into Lake Cham- plain. A lew miles east from Middlebury, a spur leaves the main ridge, and passing in a north-eastern course, is successively broken by Onion, Lamoelle and Misisque rivers. The space intervening between the primary and secondary ranges, fortns a table-land having a mean alti- tude of not less than 800 ieet above the surface of Lake Champlain. This plateau, in its turn, supports a multitude of hills and mountain peaks, in some places insulated, and in others forming continuous ranges of several miles in ex- tent. Beside the ridges just mentioned, other mountains of great elevation, occur in the south-western part of the state, altogether presenting a surface exceedingly rough and uneven. 11* 126 VERMONT. VIRGINIA. Lakes. — Cham plain, Memphramagog, Seymour, West more. Trout, Bombazine, «fec. Rivers. — Connecticut, White, Pasumsick, Black, Misis- que. La Moelle, Onion, Otter, Sec. Islands. — North Hero, South Hero, La Motte, &c. Productions. — Wheat, rye, barley, indian corn, oats, pot and pearl ashes, provisions, &c. Towns. — Montpelier, Bennington, Burlington, Middle- bury, Windsor, Woodstock, Rutland, Danville, Fayetteville, Vergennes, St. Albans, &.c. &c. Internal Improvements. — Bellows Falls Canal, around those falls, half a mile long. Water que chy Canal. White River Canal. All the preceding canals are designed to overcome falls in the Connecticut river. Vernon, N. Y. (58.) Versailles, K. (169.) Vernon, O. (102.) Vevay, Ind. (168.) Vernon, N. J. (108.) Vicksbnrg, Miss. (279.) Vernon, fnd. (147.) Victor, N. Y. (79.) Vernon, T. (227.) Vienna, Md. (178.) Vernon, Ga. (288.) Vienna II. (186.) Versailles, Ind. (147). Vincennes, Ind. (166.) Virginia, state of, (193.) is divided into 116 counties. Population in 1830, 1,211,272, including 469,724 slaves. Area, 66,624 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Rich- mond. Lat. 37^ 32' N. Long. 0° 26' W. Constitution amended and adopted in 1830. General election, April. Legislature meet, first Monday in December. Government. — Governor elected by the General Assembly — term of office, three years, salary ^3,333 1-3. Lieutenant- governor, $1,000. Two counsellors, each 81,000. Trea- surer and auditor, each $2,000. Legislature, styled the General Assembly of Virginia, consists of a senate and house of delegates. The senate consists of 32 members : and the house of delegates of 134, of whom 31 are elected by the counties in western Virginia. The legislature meets annually on the 1st Monday in December, at Richmond, the capital of the state. Judiciary. — The court of appeals consists of a president with a salary of $2,720, and four other judges, whose salary VIRGINIA. 12'? is $2,500 each. This court holds two sessions annually, one at Richmond for East Virginia ; the other at Lewisburg in Greenbrier county, for West Virginia, including all the counties west of the blue ridge, commencing on the first Monday in July, and continuing ninety days, if business requires it. General Court. — The state is divided into ten districts and twenty circuits. Tiiere are twenty judges, — one for each circuit. A circuit superior court of law and chancery is held twice every year in each county and corporation. Physical Structvre. — All that portion of the state which lies east of the road leading from Fredericksburg to Peters- burg, &c. comprising about 8,000 square miles, is level and but little elevated above the ocean ; some parts of it are constantly, and others occasionally inundated. The coun- try which intervenes between that just mentioned, and the Blue ridge, is much broken, its ascents abrupt and rocky, and presents other characteristics of a mountainous region. West of the Blue ridge, the entire region consists of a suc- cession of eleveted ridges, between which, valleys of great fertility occur, these, although greatly depressed below the summits of the adjacent mountains, are elevated several hundred feet above the ocean tides. After passing the Allegheny mountain, the surface is much broken by the action or' the waters, as they passed over the surface of that immense inclined plane, and thus formed those deep chasms and ravines, through which the streams generally flow. To this abrasion may be ascribed the mountainous appearance which the western part cf the state presents. What appears to be mountains, are how- ever nothing more than buttresses which support the table- land in the rear. The natural geography of the state may be thus briefly defined ; in the east, level ; in the centre, mountainous ; and in the west, hilly with extensive elevated plains. Bays and rivers. — Chesapeake Bay, and rivers Potomac, south branch ofPotomac, Shenandoah, Rappahannoc, York, James, Appomattox, Nottoway, Roanoke, Dan, &c, in the east; Ohio, Monongahela, Cheat, Great and Little Kanawha, 128 VIRGINIA. Elk, Gauley, Greenbrier, New, Guyandot, Sandy, Clinch, Holston, «Slc. Productions. — Wheat, rye, indian corn, oats, buckwheat, tobacco, &LC. Salt is manufactured in large quantities in the western part of the state, gold is found in Spotsylvania, and some of the adjacent counties. Towns. — Richmond, Petersburg, Norfolk, Lynchburg, Fredericksburg, Williamsburg, Charlottsville, Fairfax, War- renton, Leesburg, east of the blue ridge. Winchester, Staunton, Harrisonburg, Warm Springs, Wheeling, Par- kersburg, Charleston, Pt. Pleasant, Abington, &.c. in the west. Internal Improvements. — James River Canal, is merely a series of 12 locks, which connect the river with a basin at Richmond, 80 feet above tide water. From this basin proceeds the Richmond Canal, 25 feet wide, and 4 deep, for 2^ miles, when it unites with the river. Three miles fur- ther is a short canal of 3 locks, around a fall of 34 feet. James and Jackson River Canal and Navigation, com- mences at the basin at Richmond, and extends to Maiden's Adventure Fulls, 3U J miles. Balcony Falls Canal, extends along the bank of James river, through a gap of the Blue ridge, length 6-81 miles. An extension of tiie James River Canal, is now in course of execution. The Roanoke im- provement consists of a slacii water navigation, ;nd extends Irom the W'eldon Canal in N. Carolina, to Salem in Vir- inia, 244 miles. The Dan, Chowan, Slate, Rappahannoc, Shenandoah, Potomac, Monongahela, and Kanawha rivers, have been similarly improved. Dismal Swamp Canal, ex- tends irom Deep Creek, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, to Joyces Creek, a brancii of Pasquotank river of Albemarle sound, length 23 miles. Two lateral Canals, one trom lake Drummond, o miles in length, which, in addition to its uses for the purposes of navigation, serves as a teeder to the main trunk ; and the other, 6 miles long, opens a com- munication between the princip.d canal, and the head waters of North West River. — Rail Roads. Manchester Rail Road, extends trom Manchester to the coal mines, length 13 miles. Winchester Rail Road, extends trom Harper's Ferry to Winchester, length 3U miles, r'eters- VIRGINIA. — WARM SPRINGS. 129 Inirg and Roanoke Rail Road, extends from Petersburg in Virginia, to Blakely, at tlie foot of the Roanoke canal, in N. Carolina, length 59-38 miles. A branch from this road leaves the main line about 10 miles from Blakely, which extends to the head of the rapids of Roanoke, length about 12 miles. Portsmouth and Roanoke Rail Road, commences at Portsmouth opposite Norfolk, passes in a direct course, intersects the Petersburg Road, 6 miles from Blakely, and terminates on the Roanoke, a short distance below the Petersburg branch, length 80 miles. Richmond and Pe- tersburg Rail Road, (now in progress,) length 21-50 miles. Richmond and Fredericksburg Rail Road, (now in pro- gress,) length 64 miles. Belleplain Rail Road, extends from Fredericksburg to Belleplain, situated on a branch of the Potomac, (in progress,) length 11 miles. Several other Rail Roads are proposed. Volina,F. (338.) W. Wabash and Erie Canal, see Carolina, (274.) Indiana, (123.) Winchester Rail Road, see Weldon Canal, see N. Caro- Virginia, (154.) Una, (217.) Wabash R., Ind. (122.) West Chester Rail Road, see Wabash R., II. (144.) Pennsylvania, (133.) Wackenda, Mo. (117.) Waterquechy Canal, seeYcr- Waddington, N. Y. (34.) mont, (61.) Wadesboro, K. (206.) White River Canal, see Ver- Wadesboro, N. C. (234.) mont, (61.) Wallace, Lou. (277.) Wilmington and Downing- Wallingford, Ct. (110.) ton Rail Road, see Dela- Walnutgrove, K. (190.) ware, (157.) Walterboro, S. C. (290.) Washington Canal, see New Walton, N. Y. (81.) Jersey, (134.) Wareboro, Ga. (304.) Winyaw Canal, see South Warm Springs, N. C. (232.) Warm Springs, Va. (174,) a noted watering place, situ- ated in Bath county, on the western declivity of Spring mountain. The waters, used chiefly for bathing, arc char- acterised by a high and uniform degree of temperature, (97^°,) and the presence of sulphuretted hydrogen, and carbonic acid 130 WASHINGTON. Warren, Me. (40.) Washington, N. H. (61.) Warren, O. (102.) Washington, Pa. (128.) Warren, Pa. (103.) Washington, O. (149.) Warren, O. (128.) Washington, Ind. (166.) Warren, Va. (196.) Washington, Va. (175.) Warrenton, Va. (176.) Washington, T. (230.) Warrenton, N. C. (216.) Washington, N. C. (237.) Warrenton, Ga. (27 1 .) Washington, N. C (257.) Warrenton, Miss. (279.) Washington, Ark. (260.) Warwasing, N. Y. (108.) Washington, Ga. (271.) Warwick, R. I. (111.) Washington, Ala. (284.) Warwick, Md. (157.) Washington, Miss. (225.) Washington, D. C. (176.) Capital of the United States, Population, 18,827. This city is laid out on a great scale. Its avenues and principal streets, radiate from centres formed by the various public buildings, and are from 130 to 160 feet wide. Penn- sylvania avenue, which leads from the Capitol to the Presi- dents house, is the principal place of business, and the great promenade of the city. Many of the other streets are wide and well built. The greater part of the city plot, however, remains unoccupied. The public buildings &;c. are. 1. The capitol, 363 feet in length, with an open area, containing 22| acres ; cost of the capital was $2,596,500. 2. The president's house, about 1 1-4 mile from the capital. 3. The public offices, four in number, in the immediate vicinity of the president's house ; these buildings are occupied by the four departments of the government. 4. The general post office. The navy yard is situated on tlie eastern branch of the Potomac. In addition to the above, which belong to the United States, there are many public buildings, erected by the local au- thorities of the city and others, among these are; the city hall, Columbia college, catholic college, market-house, the- atre, several banks, 17 churches, «&c. ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON. To Baltimore^ by Stage. I Vansville, 8 14 Bladensburg, 6 | Elkridge Landing, 15 29 WASHINGTON. 131 Baltimore, 8 37 To Dover, Del. Bladensburg-, 6 Patuxent R. 20 26 Annapolis, 14 40 Broad Cr. (by water,) 12 52 Sharktown, 4 56 Queenstown, 8 64 Centreville, 7 71 Georgetown, 25 96 Dover, 8 104 To Point Lookout, Welby, 7 Piscataway, 8 15 Port Tobacco, 14 29 Newport, 13 42 Chaytico, 10 52 Leonardtown, 5 57 Great Mills, 11 68 St. Inigoes, 7 75 Pt. Lookout, 10 85 To Richmond, Va. Alexandria, 9 Oecoquan, 17 26 Dumfries, 9 35 Aquia, 9 44 Fredericksburg, 14 58 Bowling-g-reen, 22 80 Hanover C. H. 23 103 Richmond, 19 122 To Winchester, Va. Alexandria, 9 Fairfax C.H. 14 23 Aldie, 24 47 Upperville, 14 61 Millwood, Winchester, 10 71 13 84 To Virginia Springs, by Stage. Alexandria, 9 Fairfax C. H. 15 24 Centreville, 8 32 Bull Run, 3 35 Buckland Mills, 11 46 New Baltimore, 4 50 Warrenton, 6 56 Lee's Sulphur Sp. 6 62 Jefferson, 3 65 Fairthx C. H. 12 77 Cedar Mt. 6 83 Rapidan, 6 89 Orange C. H. 7 96 (Thence to Montpelier, seat oi" Mr. Madison, 5 ir.iles.) Gordonsville, 8 104 Monticello, 16 120 Charlottesville and University of Va. York, 19 142 Waynesboro, 6 148 Staunton, 12 160 Jenning's N. Mt. 17 177 Cloverdale, 12 189 Green Valley, 11 200 Warm Springs, l3 213 Hot Springs, 5 218 Jackson River, 9 227 White Sulphur Sp. 29 256 (Thence to Sweet Sul- phur Sp 18 miles.) Sweet Sulphur Sp. 28 284 Salt Sulphur Spr. 1 285 ti 3 123 132 WASHINGTON. Red Sulphur Spr. 14 '239 Mathew's Point, 8 58 (See Warm Spring Sweet Cedar Pt. 7 65 Sulphur Springs, &c.) Washington's Birth place. 11 76 To Frederick, Md. Ragged Point, 15 91 Simsonville, 7 Pt. Lookout, 16 107 Rockville, 7 14 Patuxent R. 20 127 Seneca, 7 21 Sharp's Island, 22 149 Middlebrook, 5 26 Herring Bay, 10 159 Hyattstown, 8 34 Bodkin Pt. 32 191 Frederick, 11 45 Baltimore, 13 204 7b Baltimore, by Steam To Harper'' s Ferry, by Canal. Boat. Great Falls, 13 Alexandria, 8 Seneca Creek, 10 23 Mount Vernon, 9 17 Peter's Quarry, 17 40 Crane Island, 5 22 Monocacy R.' 5 45 Cook's Ferry, 13 35 Cotoctin Cr. 12 57 Boyd's Hole, 15 50 Harper's Ferry, 12 69 Washitta R., Ark. (241.) Washitta R., Lou. (278.) Waterford, Me. (39.) Waterford, N. Y. (83.) Waterford, Pa. (102.) Waterford, Pa. (131.) Waterford, O. (151.) Waterholes, Miss. (296.) Waterloo, Ala. (246.) Watertown, N. Y. (58.) Watertown, Ct. (109.) Waynesboro, T. (^227.) Waynesboro, G. (272.^ Waynesboro, N. C. (236.) Waynesville, N. C. (232.) Waynesburg, Pa. (152.) Wayne, Ind. {til,) Wcxyne, Pa. (133.) Weathersford, Ala. (284.) Weatlotucko, Ga. (285.) Webbville, Fl. (314.) Well, K. (189.) Wellfleet, Mass. (112.) Wellsboro, Pa. (105.) Wells, Me. (63.) Wells, Pa. (156.) Wentvvorth, N. H. (62.) Wentwortb, N. G. (215.) Westminster, Vt. (61.) Westminster, Md. (156.) Westport, Md. (153.) West Point, N. Y. (109.) Weston, V;i.(152.) Westville, Miss. (2,16.) West Union, 0.(170.) W. (blester, Pa. (157.) West, xN. Y. (57.) Weymouth, N. J. (158.) WHEELING. 183 Wheeling, Va. (128.) This town is not only important as it regards population, but also as a leading point in one of the great thoroughfares of this section of the United States. Its population in 1830, was 5,221, but the number has increased considerably since that period. The national road leading from Cumberland to the western capitals, passes through Wheeling ; at this point euaigrants and travellers embark on board of steam boats for every part of the western country. ROUTES FROM WHEFJJNG. To Baltimore, by ike Nation- \ To Chillicothe ^ at Road. Zanesville, as above, 80 W. Alexandria, Pa. 16 Union, 9 89 Claysville, 6 22 Somerset, 9 98 Washington, 9 31 Rushville, 8 106 Hillsboro, 12 43 Lancaster, 10 116 Brownsville, 11 54 Tarlton, 14 130 Union, 12 66 Kingston, 8 138 Smythfield, 21 87 Chillicothe, 12 150 Mt. Pleasant, Md. 29 116 Cumberland, 10 126 To Wooster, O. Prattsville, 21 147 Harrisville, 13 Hancock, 18 165 Cadiz, 9 22 William sport, 27 192 New Philadelphia, 33 55 Boonsboro, 12 204 Dover, on Canal, 3 58 Frederick, 16 220 Paintville, 18 76 Baltimore, by R. R. 59 279 Wooster, 16 92 To Columbus, O by the To Pittsburg National Road. Washington, Pa. 31 St. Clairsville, 10 Canonsburg, 7 38 Morristown, 12 22 Birmingham, 17 55 Fairview, 12 34 Pittsburg, 1 56 Washington, 14 48 Cambridge, 7 55 To Pittsburg, by Steam Norwich, 15 70 Boat. Zanesville, 10 80 Warrenton, 8 Hebron, 27 107 Wellsburg, 6 14 Columbus, 28 135 ^ Steubenville, 7 21 12 IM- WHITE SULPHUR SPRING. Fawcetstown, 22 43 Point Pleasant, Va. 29 170 Beaver, 19 62 Gallipolis, 3 173 Economy, 9 71 Guyandot, 34 207 Middletown, 9 80 Burlington, 7 214 Pittsburg, 11 91 Portsmouth, 41 255 Manchester, 36 291 To Cincinnati^ by S. Boat Maysville, 10 301 Elizabethtown, 13 Ripley, 7 308 Sistersville, 35 48 Augusta, 9 317 Newport, 17 65 Point Pleanant, 0. 15 332 Marietta, 16 81 Cincinnati, 26 358 Parkersburg, 13 94 (For continuation to N. Or- Belville, 17 111 leans, see " Cincinnati.") Letart's Rapids, 30 141 White Apple, Miss (295.) White Plains, N. Y. (109.) Whitehall, N. Y. (60.) White River, Ind. ri23.) White Hills, N. H. (38.) White R., Ark, (201.) White Sulphur Spring, Va. (194), in Greenbrier county, a place of fashionable resort during the months of July, August and September, and the most celebrated among the innumerable mineral springs, which abound in the central parts of Virginia. The water is highly charged with sul- phuretted hydrogen gas, which affects the atmosphere at night, to a considerable distance around the spring. Wickford, R. I. (111.) Wilderness, Va. (176.) Wilford, Ala. (298.) Wilkesbarre, Pa. (107.) WilkesviUe, N. C. (213.) Williamsburg, O. (149.) Williamsburg, Va. (198.) Williamsburg, T. (209.) Williamsburg, K. (210.) WiUiamsburg, Miss. (297.) Williamsboro, N. C. (216.) Williamsport, Pa. (105.) Williamsport, Ind. (121.) Williamston, Vt. (37.) Williamston, Mass. (83.) Williamston, N. C. (237.) Williamstown, N. Y. (34.) Williams, Ark. (259.) Williams, Ala. (311.) Williamsport, K. (169.) Williston, Vt. (37.) Willowgrove, Pa. (133.) Willstown, Ala. (249.) Wilmington, Vt. (84.) Wilmington, O. (126.) Wilmington, O. (149.) WILMINGTON. 135 Wilmington, Del. (157), the metropolis of the state of Delaware. Population in 1830, 6,628, is now probably 8,000. The public buildings are a city hall, two rnarket- houses, three banks, alms house, arsenal, 13 churches, &c. There are in and about Wilmington, upwards of 100 ex- tensive manufactories, chiefly on the Brandywine creek. The Brandywine springs are situated about 5 miles west of Wilmington. ROUTES FROM WILMINGTON. To Philadelphia, by Stage. St. Georges, 3 15 Chester, 13 Trap, 4 19 Darby, 9 21 Cantwell's, •4 23 Philadelpliia, 6 28 Smyrna, 10 33 Hamsville, 7 40 To Baltimore, by Stage. Dover, 5 45 Christiana, 9 Elkton, 1] 20 To Philadelphia, by Steam Havre de Grace, 16 36 £oat. Harford, 11 47 Delaware R. 3 Gunpowder, 10 57 Marcus Hook, 8 11 Baltimore, 15 72 Chester, 4 15 Lazaretto, 5 20 To Dover, Del. Fort Mifflin, 5 25 New Castle, 5 Gloucester Point, 5 30 Red Lion, 7 12 Philadelphia, 3 33 Wilsons, Miss. (264.) Wiltshire, O. (124.) Winchendon, Mass. (84.) Winchester, Ct. (109.) Winchester, O. (124.) Winchester, Va. (154.) Winchester, K. (169.) Winchester, T. (228.) Winchester, Miss. (298.) WindGap, Pa. (133.) Windham, Me. (63.) Windham, Ct. (110.) Windsor, Vt. (61.) Windsor, Ct. (110.) Windsor, N. C. (237.) Winsboro, S. C. (253.) Winyaw Bay, S. C. (274.) Wiscasset, Me. (64.) Wisconsin R., Mich. (44.) Witamky, Fl. (329.) Womelsdorf, Pa. (132.) Woodbury, N. J. (157.) Woodsfield, O. (151.) Woodstock, Me. (39.) 136 woo Woodstock, Vt. (61.) Woodstock, Va. (175.) Wcodville, Va. (175.) Woodville, Va. (197.) Woodville, Miss. (295.) Woodville, Lou. (324.) Xenia, O. (149.) Wooster, O. (126.) Worcester, Mass. (85.) Worthington, O. (125.) Wyliesburg, Va. (216.) Wynton,N. C. (217.) Wyoming, Pa. (107.) X. Y. Yadkin R., N. C. (213.) Yakunnee, Miss. (282.) Yancy ville, Va. (196.) Yazoo R., Miss. (263.) York, or Toronto, U. C. (54.) York, Me. (63.) York, II. (145.) York, Pa. (156.) York, Va. (198.) York H., P. (132.) York R., Va. (198.) YorkviUe, S. C. (253.) Youngs, 11. (165.) Zanesville, O. (150.) TABLE OP MONEY. 137 OF THE COMPARATIVE VALUE OF MONEY, DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF EUROPE, ESTIMATED IN DOLLARS AND CENTS. The fractional parts of the cents are decimals. Great Britain. 1 Holland. $ cts. $ cts. Farthing 00,46 Stiver 01,94 Penny, 01,85 Scalin 11,64 Groat 07,40 Guilder, or Florin 38,80 Shilling 22,22 Rix dollar 97,00 Crown, or 5 shillings | Ducat 2 07,86 1 11,16 Gold Ducat 8 00,00 Sovereign, or pound 4 44,44 Guinea, 21 shillings 4 66,66 Portugal. Re 00,12 France. Vinton 02,50 Denier 00,08 Testoon 12,50 Sol, or 12 deniers 00,92 Crusade of ex 50,00 Livre Tournois, or Milre* 1 25,00 i20 sols 18,52 Moidore 6 00,00 Ecu, or crown, 6 Joanese 8 00,00 livres 1 10,00 Pistole,* 10 livres 1 85,17 Italy. Louis d'or 4 44,44 Soldi 00,80 Franc 18,74 Chevelet 03,18 Five francs 93,70 Lire* 15,92 Testoon 23,88 Spain. Croisade 79,60 Maravedie* 00,30 Pezzo of ex* 92,60 Rial 10,00 Genouine 1 36,12 Pistarine 20,00 Pistole 3 20,00 Piaster of ex* 80,00 Dollar 1 00,00 Switzerland. Ducat of ex* 1 10,18 Penning 00,24 Pistole 3 60,00 Cruitzer 00,92 12* 138 TABLE OP MONEY. $cts. Prussia. Sol* 02,77 $ cts. Gulden 55,-55 Grosh 00,86 Rix dollar 1 00,00 Coustic 04,32 Tinse 12,96 Austria. Ort 15,55 Cruilzer 00,86 Florin 25,92 Grosh 03,14 Rix dollar* 77,76 Batzen 03,44 Ducat 2 07,40 Gould 51,85 Frederic d'or 3 88,80 Rix dollar 77,77 Ducat 2,07,40 Russia. Altin 03,00 Sweden. Grievener 10,00 Stiver 00,72 Polpctin 25,00 Copper marc 02,88 Poltin 50,00 Silver marc 08,64 Ruble 1 00,00 Copper dollar 11,52 Zervonitz 2 00,00 Caroline 25,92 Rix dollar 1 03,70 Turkey. Ducat 2 07,40 Mangar 00,28 Asper* 01,12 Denmark. Parac 03,33 Skilling 01,04 B-stic 05,55 Duffgen 06,24 Kstic 11,11 Marc* 16,66 Solata, 22,22 Rix marc 20,>3 Piaster* 88,88 Rixort 25,00 Caragrouch 1 11,10 Crown 66,66 Xcriff 2 22^0 Rix dollar 1 00,00 Ducat 8 83,34 * Tliese are merely nominal, and not represented by any real coin. A LIST or MAPS, CHARTS AND GEOGRAPHICAL WORKS, Recently published, and for sale by H. S. TANNER, Geoo-raphcr and Map Publisher, No. 144 Chestnut S^ opposite the Theatre, Philadelphia. No. 1 . A new American Atlas, containing Maps of the several States of the North American Union, projected and drawn on a uniform scale of fifteen miles to the inch. Price of the work in half binding-, . . . $30 00 2. The same, with the Maps mounted on rollers and var- nished, . . . . . 45 00 3. The same, omitting the Maps of the World and quar- ters, and reserving- all those relating to North and South America, the States, isLc. Price, in half binding, 25 00 4. Tlic same as the preceding, omitting the Map of South America, and the Geographical Memoir, and reserving all the Maps relating to the continent of North America, in- cluding the State^Maps. Price . . 20 00 5. Atlas of the United States. Price, half bound, 15 00 6. The same pasted on pasteboards. Price 20 00 7. A new General Atlas, consisting of imperial sheet ' Maps of the World, 2 sheets ; V/orld on Mercator's pro- jection, Europe, Asia, Africa, America, North America, South America, 2 sheets ; United States, Mexico, and British possessions. Price . . . 10 00 8. A new College Atlas, consisting of a series of General Maps oi' the various grand divisions of the known world, imperial folio. Price, half bound, . . 5 00 9. The same as the preceding, with tlie Ma.ps pasted on thick pasteboards and varnisiicd, for the use of schools. Price • . • . . 7 50 10. Atlas of Ancient Geographv, dcf^'igncd to illustrate the works olthe ancient writers, both sacred and profane, sixteen select Maps in i'lipcrial qurrto. Price, half bound, 3 00 11. A new Map of North America, on four sheets, em- bracing all the recent discoveries of l:o>s. Parry, Franklin, Long, &,c. &c. Price, mounted on rollers or in a portable form, . . . . . 7 UO 140 Maps, Charts, S^c. 12. A 4 sheet Map of Europe, improved to 1834. 7 00 13. Ditto Asia, ditto. 7 00 14. Ditto Africa, ditto. 7 00 15. A new Map of South America, in 2 sheets, 4 00 Tho Maps numbered 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, are usually sold together ; they form a set on which is delineated the entire surface of the earth, and present as complete a body of geographical information on the known world, as the existing state of knowledge will admit. 16. Map of the World on the Globular projection, two sheets. Price, on rollers and varnished, . 3 00 17. A new Map of the United States of Mexico, with numerous tables. Price, in pocket case, . 2 00 18. The Traveller's Guide, or Map of the Roads, Canals, and Railway routes of the United States, with the dis- tances from place to place. Price, in pocket case, 1 00 19. Map of the existing and Contemplated Canals of the State of Pennsylvania. Price . . 1 25 20. Map of the New England States, for travellers in pocket case, . . . . 1 25 21. Map of the State of New York, ditto. 125 22. Do. States of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, for travellers, in pocket case, • . 1 25 23. Map of the States of Ohio «& Indiana, do. do. 1 25 24. Ditto. Virginia, Maryland &, Delaware, for travellers, in pocket case, 25. Map of the Sts. of Kentucky & Tennessee, 26. Ditto. North & S.Carolina, do. 27. Ditto. Georgia & Alabama, do. 28. Ditto. Louisiana & Mississippi, 29. Ditto. Illinois &, Missotui, do. 30. Map of the territory of Florida, do. do. 1 25 The same Maps are put up separately on muslin, in a portable case. Price, each, . . . 2 00 3 1 . Chart of the World on Mercator's projection, one large sheet, ...... 1 00 32. Map of Europe, one large sheet, . . 1 00 33. Map of Asia, ditto ... 1 00 34. Map of Africa, ditto . . . 1 00 35. Map of America, ditto ... 1 00 1 25 do. 1 25 do. 1 25 do. 1 25 do. 1 25 do. 1 25 Maps, Charts i <^c, 141 36. The four preceding Maps pasted together on 1 sheet of canvas and roller, suitable for schools. Price 5 50 37. Map of North America, one large sheet, 1 00 38. Map of the United States, medium sheet, 50 39. Map of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfound- land, iStc. 1 00 40. Chart of Delaware Bay, two sheets, . 1 00 41. Dissected Map of the World, 1 large sheet, 2 50 42. Ditto. Europe, ditto. 2 50 43. Ditto Asia, ditto. 2 50 44. Ditto Africa, ditto. 2 50 45. Ditto United States, ditto. 2 00 46. The Mariner's Atmospherical Register or Weather- Book, . . . ... 2 50 47. A general outline of the U. States, with plates, 2 50 48. Atlas of Outline Maps, of the World and Quarters, the set, 50 49. School Atlas, consisting of the World, Quarters, and United States, ... . . . 50 50. A Geological Survey of tlie Environs of Philadelphia, with a Map coloured geologically. Price . 63 51. Map of the country 15 miles round Philadelphia, with the roads, public houses, &c. in a pocket case, 50 52. Mjps of the World, Europe, Asia, Africa &c America, mounted on rollers and varnished, suitable for counting- houses, schools, &CG. Price each $1 50, or the set 7 00 53. Map of Schuylkill county. Pa. on a scale of two miles to the inch. Price 1 00 54. Tlie Stranger's Guide to the public buildings, places of amuseaient, streets, lanes, alleys, wharves, piincii)al hotels, steam-boat landings, stage offices, &c. in the city of Philadelphia and adjoining Districts, . . 1 00 55. A new and authentic Map of Colombia, with its de- partments and provinces, constructed principally from the manuscript maps drawn at Bogota by order of the Colum- bian government. Price on rollers or in portable form, 5 00 Same printed on bank note paper, in pocket case, 3 50 56. A View of the United States — historical, geographi. cal and statistical, exhibiting, in a convenient form, the natural and artificial features of the several states, and em 142 Maps, Charts, S^c, bracing those leading branches of history and statisticB, best adapted to develope the present condition of the North American Union ; illustrated with Maps, &c. by William Darby, forming an 18 mo. book of 600 pages, with 14 maps. Price . . . . ... 2 50 57. A new Pocket Atlas of the United States, the Maps drawn on a uniform scale, with the distances from place to place. Price . . . . 1 35 58. Map of the State of Pennsylvania, . 38 59. Drawing Book. No. 1. Human Figure. Price. 38 60. Ditto " 2. Landscapes. 25 61. Ditto ' 3. Shipping. 38 62. Ditto ' 4. Landscapes. . 38 63. Ditto • 5. The same coloured 50 64. Ditto • 6. Flowers. 38 65. Ditto ' 7. Flowers. 38 66. Ditto ' 8. Flowers. 38 67. Ditto ' 9. Flowers. 38 68. Ditto ' 10. Roses. 38 69. Ditto contain] ng 8 sheets of Flowers col 'd. 1 00 5 of Washington. 6 of Charleston. 7 of New Orleans. 70. A new and elegant Map of the United States, on a scale of 30 rniles to the inch — 5 feet 4 inches long, and 4 feet 2 inches high. Price of the map, on rollers or in a portable form, . . . . . 8 00 Ditto in pocket case, . . . 6 50 This map contains the following supplementary maps, plans, &c. 1 Plan of the city of Boston. 2 of New-York. 3 of Philadelphia. 4 of Baltimore, 8 Map of the environs of Boston. 9 of Albany, Saratoga, &c. 10 of New York and New Brunswick. 11 of Philadelphia and Trenton. 12 of Baltimore and Washington. 13 of Savannah, Georgia. 14 of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. 15 General Map of Oregon and Manden Districts. 16 Chart of the outlet of Oregon river. 20 of 21 of 22 of 23 ©f Hi of 25 of 26 of 27 of 28 of 29 of 30 of 31 of MapSf Charts, <^c, 143 17 South Part of Florida, 18 Profile of the Grand Portage, Maine. 19 of Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. Dismal Swamp Canal. Florida CanaL Erie CanaL Ohio Canal. Morris Canal. Union Canal. Schuylkill Navigation. Pennsylvania Canal, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. Massachusetts Rail Road. Columbia Rail Road. Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road. 32 Statistieal Table of the Western Districts. 33 of United States, exhibiting the Area, Capital, Metropolis, with its latitude, longitude, and population ; date of constitution ; time of stated meeting of the Legislature ; day of general election ; population of 1830, of each state and territory of the Union. 71. Memoir on the recent Surveys, Observations and Internal Improvements in the United States, with brief no- tices of the new counties, towns, villages, canals and rail roads, never before delineated. By H. S. Tanner. Intend- ed to accompany his new map of the United States. Price. . . . . . 1 GO 72. Map of the United States, including the Western Districts. Price. . . . . 75 73. Print. View of Mount Vernon, 50 74. The same, coloured, . . 75 75. Atlas of the state of South Carolina, containing maps of the several districts drawn on a tmiform scale of 2 miles to the inch. . . . . 12 GO 76. The same maps put up in a portable form, at prices from $3 50 to $1 50 each. 77. Map of the state of South Carolina on four sheets, drawn and published in conformity to the law of the State. . . . . . . 5 00 78. A view of West Florida, embracing its geography, topography, <&c. with an appendix treating of its antiqui- 144 Maps, Charts, <^c, ties, land titles, and proposed canals, with maps, by J. L Williams. Price. . . . . 2 00 79. Map of the western part of Florida, extending from Mobile bay to the Suwanee river, both inclusive, in pocket case, . . . . . . I 25 80. A map of the state of New Jersey, with parts of the adjoining States, engraved on three sheets, by Thomas Gor- don. Improved to 1833. Mounted on rollers or in a port- able form. Price, . . . . 8 00 81. Plan of the city of Pittsburg and adjacent country. Price, in pocket case, . . . 1 00 82. Map of Northampton and Lehigh counties. Pa. on rollers, . . . . . 2 00 83. The same in pocket case, 1 50 84. Map of Montgomery county, Pa. on Rollers, 1 50 85. The same in pocket case, . • 1 00 86. Map of Bucks county, Penn. on Rollers, 1 75 87. The same in pocket case, . . 1 25 88. Map of Luzerne county, Penn. on rollers, 2 00 89. The same in pocket case, . ^ 1 50 _^ 90. Map of Chester county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75 ^if; 91. The same in pocket case, . . 1 25 92. Map of Huntingdon county, Penn. on rollers, 2 00 93. The same in pocket case . • 1 50 94. Map of Somerset county, Penn. on rollers, 2 00 95. The same in pocket case, • . 1 50 96. Map of Dauphin and Lebanon counties, Penn. on rollers, . . . • • 1^ 97. The same in pocket case, . > 1 *25 98. Map ofPhiladelphia county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75 99. The same in pocket case. . • 1 ^o The above county maps are projected on a uniform scale of two and a half miles to an inch. 100. Map of the Mexican province of Texas, on one large sheet, compiled by S. F. Austin, on rollers, 2 00 101. The same in pocket case, . • 150 102. The Travellers Pocket Man of New- York, U 5U 103 Ditto ditto Pennsylvania, 50 103*. Ditto ditto Virginia, 50 104. Ditto ditto Nortli Carolina, 50 / .