ii' il iiii^ ^iiiifiiii! iliii:. if •JJA: K* ♦^ ^^ > x^i ft 0^ ^~ oTo^- y • V » ' • -,/ ,>v ■^ " *9 „ «^ ^ / '. ^ ^ff ■ ^- ■>- o .- §^ - Schreyer, Geo. V 94 Stegeman & Whetstine 71 Veit, Robt. J 97 Vaill, L. B 108 Whiting, R. T 69 Wolfram, W. L 80 Wolfram & Co 98 Weldon, E 95 Wills, W. E 113 Woodhull, Henry Ill Weed, A. G 158 Youngs, C. A 109 GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS. (Tf^liolesale.) Birdsey, Geo. K 67 Bridgeport Beef Co 78 Bartram, F. A. & Co 88 Rogers & Jlorford 72 Wolfram, W. L 80 HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS, STOVES, RANGES, ETC. Austin, F. T 184 Brady, J. F 96 Coesi er Bros 93 Cram, E. J 102 Curtis, F. J.&Co 136 Curtis Bros 115 Hopkins. L. M 118 Jaqui, F. W., Jr 138 Leavenworth, Theo 115 Stamford China Store (Ayers Bros.) 168 Stark ct Wilson 160 INDEX. HOTELiS, RESTAURANTS, ETC. PAGE Chatfiekl House 95 Franklin House 168 Golden Hill Hotel 118 :Mill's Pavilion 85 Merwia House 130 Sea View Hotel 98 Sterling Restaurant (Jesse Sands) 124 Turner House 179 Union House Ifi4 Wooster House 186 Washington Park Hotel 120 HARNESS, TRUNKS, ETC. Atkinson, John S 85 Dwyer. P. H 141 Day, J. L 186 Faucett. G. R 165 Peckwell, J. F 140 Reed, H. E 1S5 White, J. S. & Son 120 HAT MANUFACTURERS, ETC. Asch, Joseph J. (Hatters' Fur) 148 Bates. Martin, Jr., ct Co. (Hatters' Fur). . . . 151 Crofut & Knapp 145 Duncan. A. L 148 Dennis & Blanchard 145 Hubbell & Bartliol 144 Hayes & Co 147 McEwen, Wm. K 149 Smart, Patterson & Rice (Straw Goods) 166 South jSTorwalk Hat Co 151 Volk Hat Co 146 INSURANCE. Bigelow & Stevens 176 Co-operative Life and Accident Association (G. W. Lewis, Manager) 87 Clark, D. H 159 Fairchild, A. B 117 Goodsell. McNeil & Co 101 Green, Wilson F. (John Hancock) 99 Hubbard, H. A 158 Johnfeon, J. W 90 Jones, D. W 107 Layton, Jacob M 146 Loewith, S. & Co 71 Norwalk Fire Insurance Co 139 Noble, John F 101 Rider, Chas 183 Srribner, Jas. H 67 Scribner, H. H 112 Whittlesey, R. E 101 Wilson, O. E 135 Wilcox. Walter L 150 JE^l'ELRY AND OPTICIANS. Edmonds. Geo. B. (Optician) 107 Jackson, LeGrand 137 Robinson, H. M 183 Reid, John H. & Co 102 Vanderwerken, E 169 LUmBER. Beers, David 182 Bates, Joseph T. & Co 178 Osborn Bros 184 St. John, Hoyt & Co 157 White, Gillespie & Thayer 161 L.IVKRY STABLES. TAGE Bradley, Hawley 177 Carstesen, Henry 89 Cook, Geo. F 97 Edwards, Edwin & Son 86 Gregory, Geo. S 136 Gregory, S. W 147 McNally, John 163 Northrop, G. A 114 Raymond, H. W 103 Robinson, H. H 81 Seeley, S. M. & L. M. (Bridgeport Cab Co.). 85 Standard Cab Co. (F. H. Vann & Co.) 74 Wakelee. S. L 126 Wood, E. S 94 OT.INUFACTURERS. Buckmaster,Geo. & Co. (Bronze Hardware.) 149 Belding, The R. A. Co. (Hat Machines) 181 Burns, Silver & Co. (Cabinet Hardware, etc) 81 Bostwick, W. B. & Co. (Buttons) 8S Bridgeport Paper Box Co 112 Bridgeport Patent Leather Co 89 Crockett, David B Co. (Preservative and Spar Composition) 66 Deoxidized Metal Co 79 Duncan Iron Railing Works (W. W. Hoyt).. 147 Knapp, E. F. (Hat and Hardware Cases). . . 150 Fox, Chas. (Engines) 162 Haulenbeck, Giles (Cigar Boxes) 150 Hutchinson, Pierce & Co. (Star Shirts and Shirt Waists) 78 Hutchinson, Cole & Co. (Star Shirts and Shirt Waists) 139 Ingersoll Manufacturing Co. (Manufacturers of Rock Drills) 164 Krouse, A. & Bros. (Engravers, Die Sinkers, etc.) 68 Klein, M. & Bros. (Novelties) 99 Mosher & Curran (Hat Blocks, Nails, Tools, etc.) 145 Norwalk Iron Works 144 New Howe Sewing Machine Co 84 Russell, Chas. B. (Nails and Tacks) 77 Stamford i\Ioulding and Planing Mill 161 St. John Wood Working Co 157 Stamford Hosiery and Suspender Co 166 Stamford Foundry Co ITjS Trowbridge, C. S. (Paper Boxes) 140 Wheel and Wood Bending Co 89 White Manufacturing Co. (Carriage Hard- ware) 11!^ Wheeler, W. A. (Hatters' Tools) 14;> Yale & Towne Manufacturing Co. (Locks, etc.) !<»=> miSCEUUANEOUS. Ayres Bros. (Stamford China Store) 168 Bennett & Healy (Horse Shoers) 116 Cosier, D. S. (Undertaker) 178 Cavanagh, J. W. (Marble and Granite) 148 Drueke, F. (Hair Goods) 126 Danbury, Historical Sketch of 170 Ellis & Reilly (Marble Works) 78 Goodyear Rubber Store (F. C. Tuttle) 75 Gledhill, S. W. (Cotton and Woolen Rags). . 128 Hull & Palmer (Civil Eneineers) 76 Howes, J. E. (Paper, Paper Bags and Twines) 72 Hercher, Paul (Artist) 109 10 INDEX. MI^CELLANEOl-'S.— Contlntied. PAGE Norwalk, Historical Sketch of 131 Pembroke Custom Laundry (O. E. Lindsley) 68 Rogers' Farm Dairy . 128 Robinson, H. H. (Furniture Moving) 81 Stamford, Historical Sketcli of , 152 South Norwalk, Historical Sketch of 142 .■Stevens, George R. (Artists' Materials) 180 Smith & Hubbard (Attorneys and Patent Solicitors) ' 90 West End Floral Gardens 110 Wilson, F. L. (Pictures, Picture Frames, etc.) 185 Wilkinson, J. (Bicycles) 92 PATTERN MAKER. •0 S. Piatt 126 PRINTERS, STATIONERS AND NEHS- DEALERS. Alphonse, J. W 162 Bodine, A. S. (Printer) 123 Bradshaw. James, Jr 104 Oillespie Bros. (Printers and Bookbinders). . 165 Osboru, Stephen 123 Plumb & Beardsley 112 Seltsam, Geo. (Printer) 103 PHOTOGRAPHERS. Bronson, C. R 106 Blackman, C. A 138 Couch, H. E 185 Folsom, J. H 179 Farini, L 100 Montiguani, F. M 79 PAINTERS, PAPER HANGERS, ETC. Coughlin Bros 101 Peterson, J. M. F. & Co 82 Toms, C. R 161 PIANOS AND ORGANS AND SHEET MUSH. Behning & Son 124 Christie, J. H. (Temple of Music) 166 Copp, H. M. (Agent for B. Shoninger & Co.) 74 Horr, W. H 80 Hoyt, W. 180 Keller Piano Co. The 76 :Seiler, S 108 • PIANOS AND ORGANS AND SHEET MUSIC— Continued. PAGE Studwell, J. W. (Agent for B. Shoninger & Co.) 146 Taylor, A. H. (Manager Loomis' Temple of Music 82 PL.UMBERS AND GAS FITTERS. Benjamin & Ames 71 Corn well, Timothy 110 Fox, Tbeodore ' 102 Kearns, John 126 Mills, L. H 87 REAL ESTATE. Allen, F. C 129 Bostwick, W. B 128 Cosier, John H 184 Clark, D. H 1.59 Hubbard, H. A 158 Jones, D. W 107 Johnson, J. W 90 Loewith, S. & Co 71 Nichols, Walter. 100 Noble, John F 101 Quien, Christian 183 Scribner, Jas. H 67 Scribner, H. H 112 Staples, James & Co 70 Wilson, O. E 135 TAIIiORS AND CLOTHIERS. Adams, S 168 Barnab}% J. B. & Co 83 Comstock Bros 137 Cohen, Morris 140 Gusowski, E 140 Huriburt, W. P. ct Son 159 Hartwell, F. E. & Co 178 Hutchinson, Oscar 107 Harlem, J. L 108 Hansen, J 104 National Clothing Co. The 78 Peterson, C 103 Park City Clothing Co 70 Waterbury & McDonald 167 Werner Bros 184 TOYS AND FANCY GOODS. Boylston & Phillips 92 Hunt, F. S. ifc Co 106 Mclntyre, Wm. H 88 Van Yorx, Mrs. W. T 113 HISTORICAL REVIEAA \T OF THE City of Bridgeport INTRODUCTION. Macaulay has well said that " the circumstances which have most influence on the liappiness of mankind, the changes of manners and morals, the transition of commu- nities from poverty to wealth, from knowledge to ignorance, from ferocity to liumanity — these are, for the most part, noiseless revolutions." Few more striking illustrations of this universal truth could be found than that ■afforded by a review and analysis of the wonderful progress of Bridgeport during the more recent decades of the present century. The causes and influences which have contributed to advance the little hamlet with a population of less than three hundred in 18U0, to the important position which it holds at present among the cities of the State, are worthy of the most careful attention. To the thoughtful observer of the times, who recognizes the value of the past his- tory of this country in solving the troublesome problems which are now pressing themselves into prominence, as well as its significance in casting the horoscope of the future, the simple records of the internal growth of a representative New Eng- land city commend themselves and carry their own moral lessons. To all readers, whether bound to the city by the tender ties of birth, or those whose acquaintance with it hitherto has been unfortunately meagre, the story of success, as is always the case, must render the history of Bridgeport of more than ordinary interest. That success which comes as the result of honest effort, inspired by high motives, -lias always possessed peculiar attraction for the American people, has spurred them to unceasing activity, and has contributed not a little through its influence in bring- ing this country to its present unequalled prosperity. A glance at the aggregate results of the century, such as is afforded in Andrew Carnegie's admirable work, " Triumphant Democracy," is of the highest value, proving, beyond cavil and with- -out extravagance, that to-day, in resources the United States is the richest, in manu- factures the largest, and in morals the best nation in existence. Hardly less important, can it be deemed, to observe, in the miniature but no less perfect representation afforded by a historical review of Bridgeport, the same in- -strumentalities, the same devoted public spirit, the same individual energy and self- sacrifice, all working harmoniously together to the same glorious end. 12 BBIDGEPOBT, PAST AND PRESENT. It may be questioned whether as a people we thoroughly recognize and appreciate the beneficent causes which have brought us the best of what we have and are. For this just estimate of the present, history furnishes the most accurate data. Cer- tainly, if we are to make progress and to continue in developing those blessings of our civilization, which, it goes without saying, are far from as perfected and univer- sal as might be the case, we can rest assured that the lessons of the past, as record- ed in history, must have an intrinsic worth which renders a full acquaintance with them not only of the highest importance but as truly an absolute essential. CHAPTER I. THE DAWNIXGS OF HISTORY. The dark veil which enshrouds the primeval history of this continent, has con- signed that period in its existence prior to the advent of the white man chiefly ta the realm of fancy and poetry. A few mounds, some interesting relics, and number- less traditions are all that remain to tell the story of its youth. Who were the original inhabitants ? of what origin? to what degree of civilization had they attained ? All such moot questions must be left to the interested archa?ol- ogist to investigate and decide. Yet, from amid the mass of tangled traditions some facts of abiding interest and valuable for our present purpose may be derived. The main tribe, to which all the Indians in the district which is now Fairfield County wei'e allied at the time of their introduction to the whites, were designated by the name of Paugausetts. They seem to have been settled here for centuries, but at the beginning of the Seventeenth were rapidly passing away. They were near of kin to the QuinnijDiacs, of New Haven, whom they resembled much in general characteristics. Like the latter, they had been sorely depleted by the deadly destruction in that struggle for " the survival of the fittest," which was continually disturbing the Indian tribes of Connecticut. Every second year, the Mohawks would sweep down upon them from the west, cutting a broad red furrow across the land. The Pequots toward the east were continually supplementing the attacks of the Mohawks by further depredations, so that between the two a rather scanty living, among none too pleasant or secure sur- roundings, was all that was left to this quiet, easy-going people. They drew their chief sustenance from the sea, as enormous heaps of oyster shells have abundantly testified. Too lazy, even, to appreciate the ordinary incentives to hunting, the Paugausetts seem to have looked upon it as a last sad resort, while agri- culture was almost too bitter to be thought of. The tribal union of all the small clans in the vicinity is clearly proven by the fact that they had a common place of refuge, in the shape of a fortified fort, on the east bank of the Housatonic River, a short distance above its junction with the Naugatuc. Hither they were all accustomed to flock, whenever sufticient warning was given of a powerful enemy's approach. There is no reason to suppose that their moral or civil condition differed essentially BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESE\T. 13 from that of surrounding tribes. Whether originally a spirited race or not it would be hard to decide, but whatever had been their character, at this time all traces of a strong and vigorous nation had disappeared. The usual faults of '* lying, unclean- ness, idleness and stealing," Avere theirs in abundance. They formed, however, the least troublesome of neighbors to the English settlers, and it was a most happy thing that the proverbial Indian cruelty and ferocity were lacking. This fact explains their insigniiicance in colonial history, their easy conquest by the Mohawks and Pequots, and in a great part, their continued and rapid decay under the comparatively kind treatment of the whites. It is a matter of common belief that the arrival of the whites was the only cause for the disappearance of the Indians from this region. INIany as were the acts of injustice practiced against their race in all parts of the country, just as have been most of the sad complaints which they have made, nevertheless it has been proved by careful research that the Indians of Connecticut Avere a dying race. They were all of Algonquin descent, one of the three great divisions of the North American Indians, but were as deadly hostile to each other as the olden-time Greeks. The Pequots and Mohawks represented the younger branches of the common stock, and were constantly engaged in desultory warfare. The Paugausetts were an older tribe and were wasting away through their own degeneracy and the onslaughts of the stronger nations. In all, according to DeForest, the historian of the Indians of Connecticut, the whole number in the State at the time of the white settlement could not have exceeded six thousand. The Pequonacks, that part of the Paugausetts tribe which occupied the present position of Bridgeport, and from which the river obtained its name, has been proven by the valuable researches of Orcutt, the historian of this part of the State, to have numbered somewhat more than five hundred, thus constituting the largest and most powerful division of the parent tribe. There is little doubt, as the historian Orcutt has shown, that this tribe was rep- resented in the general council held by all the Indian tribes in the western part of the State with the settlers of Hartford in March, 1638, at which the Indians made an amicable treaty with the English; but, in general, the influence of the tribe on the early history of the State was hardly appreciable. The earliest historical account which has been preserved directly bearing upon this locality relates to the time of the Pequot wars. This implacable tribe, after many cruel massacres of the whites, had been gradually driven back by the settlers from their old camping grounds in the east toward the western end of the State. In June 1637, the final expedition was made against this tribe, under the leadership of Lieu- tenant Davenport. Flying before their relentless pursuers, the last bleeding remnants of the Pequot tribe collected in a swamp on the outskirts of Bridgeport towards Fairfield. When the English had arrived and surrounded the swamp, word was sent to the Indians through an interpreter, that life would be granted to all who were not guilty of English blood, if they would come out peacefully. Of the three hundred Indians including women and children in the swamp, all now came out save about a hundred Pequot warriors, who, though by no means all guilty of English blood, resolved with almost heroic stoicism, to die rather than surrender. Now a battle of extermination, hardly equalled in the annals of the State, was begun. The musketry of the English played upon the little band of savages from 14 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. every direction and with deadly effect. A charge was made, but the Indians repell- ed it successfully. Evening came on before the battle was yet decided. In the midst of a fog which came on in the early part of the next morning, the Indians ven- tured to break through the English lines. In ppite of the most desperate resistance about half of them succeeded in dashing through and escaped. Many of these were were immediately followed up and put to death. Others, among whom was their renowned chief Sassacus, at that time succeeded in getting away. But, within a few months, the scalps of Sassacus and all but a dozen or two of the fated tribe had been handed in at the English headquartei's by their Indian allies. The swamp between Fairfield and Bridgeport, where the battle took place, was found thickly strewn with the bodies of the brave but ruthless savages. The Eng- lish also led back to the colony about a hundred and fifty Pequot women and children, as slaves. Thus the first scene after the curtain has been drawn away from this lo- cality by the advent of a civilized race, is a dark tragedy. Much as we regret the lack of mercy which distinguishes this, as most of the other Indian wars, the fact that the war was necessarily one of self-preservation explains, though it may not justify, the unrelenting punishment which the English visited upon the Pequot tribe, probably the fiercest of all their enemies before the time of King Philip. The report concerning this region, made by those who had gone on the expedi- tion against the Pequots, aroused the attention of the colonists and within two years time a considerable number of settlements had been made here. In 1839 this entire region was purchased from the English crown by a Mr. Fairfield, who came directly from England and was vested with the civil authority of the district. That part of the purchase now designated as Bridgeport was then entirely contained within the limits of the town of Stratford, named after the Lord Stratford, then in the zenith of his power at the English court. A few final references to the aboriginal inhabitants of Bridgeport may be perti- nent here. As the whites continued to settle in this region, the Indians became "small by degrees and beautifully less." Many drifted off toward the west, and, although kindly treated, the internal disintegration and decay continued. In 1659, what were left of the " Indians of Pequonack " were given, as a special reservation, " Golden Hill," one of the loveliest spots in modern Bridgeport, and from this time they went by the name of the " Golden Hill Indians." Incidentally, it is surmised from the name that the early settlers expected to discover golden treasures in this particular hill, but like many other of their hopes,, its realization never came. In 1710, about fifty years after receiving their reservation, the Golden Hill tribe had dwindled down to about twenty-five families. Another fifty years, and in 1765, only three women and four men remained on Golden Hill. A question now arose between the white settlers and the Indians, as to Avhich had the better right to the hill. The Legislature decided in favor of the Indians, but being bought off by the whites for thirty bushels of corn and three pounds worth of blankets, they vacated the land and vanished from this region, as permanent i-esidents, forever. The whites, however, did not proportionally increase. Soon after 1639, the set- tlement at Pequonnack came to be called Stratfield, but so slowly did it grow in numbers, that it was more than fifty years later before it possessed a church, always one of the first objects of the planters' longing and endeavors. BlUDQEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. l.V -^^^''■^ jmm FAIRFIELD AVENUE, FROM PARK AVENUE, LOOKING WEST. The data concerning the first settlers of Bridgeport is very meagre. In the his- tory of Bridgeport, by the Rev, Samuel Orcutt, the historian quoted above, the- names of Henry Summers, Sr., and Samuel Gregory are given as the heads of the- first two families Avho settled in this region An ancient cut of a primitive log cabin erected here about 1665, near the junction of the present Park and Washington avenues, has been preserved. At that time very little clearing away had been done^ and no regular roads had been laid out. The records of Fairfield, in 1669, show the names of the following freemen, who voted in that town, but resided within the limits of Stratfield: John Odell, James- Bennet, Matthew Sherwood, Richard Hubbell, James Wheeler, Thomas Morehouse,. Nathaniel Seeley, Thos. Bennet, Nathaniel Burr, Mr. John Burr, John Burr, John Cable, Sr., John Cable, Jr., Mr. Daniel Burr and Henry Rowland. It is not probable that these constituted all the settlers dwelling at Stratfield, as some might not have been church members and so, necessarily, not voters, and a. considerable number probably attended church at Stratford. These few names are all that now remain to show who laid the foundations of modern Bridgeport. It is highly creditable to these men, along with their compan- ions, whose names are now forgotten, that in spite of the smallness of their numbers, the colony was not abandoned, as was the case in many similar settlements in the State^ Though compelled to battle alone against all the discouragements and hardships of the early settler's life, they unfalteringly maintained the few simple homes they had carved out here from the " wilderness;" and thus, amid the dark and bitter years- from 1650 to 1690, the first stones of that structure which was destined to rise with, such strength and beauty, were being laid. 16 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. CHAPTER II. OLD COLONY LIFE. The tinge of romance which colors many of the tales of the olden time in New England that have come down to us, sometimes tends to lessen in our minds the practical value of true accounts of the early colonial life. It is safe to say, that there is not an influential cause of the prosperity of our country during the Nine- teenth Century, which cannot be traced back to its remote beginnings in the first century of our national life. Beyond all other potent factors, the greatness of the present was being foreshadowed and assured in the communities which were springing up all over New England during the latter half of the Seventeenth Century. The history of this period in the growth of Bridgeport should portray, as far and as accurately as possible, first, the people of the colony themselves, their life and customs; second, the crystalization of their lives and characters in the principles of government and united action which underlie and explain the present. With the total lack of biography, an appreciative analysis of the characters of the early settlers of Bridgeport is rendered impossible; but one marked characteristic deserves emphatic mention — the unflinching courage of the first few families that had gathered around the mouth of the Pequonnock before 1639. Whatever want of broad outlook or charitable toleration we may discern in the mental makeup of the Puritans, it remains that they were fitted as no others were or could have been for the colonization of New England. . That spirit of reverence toward God, of rectitude toward men, which was the ruling principle of the Puritans, enabled the early settlers of Bridgeport to maintain a steadfast position, where less sturdy souls would have faltered and failed. As the settlement grew slowly, it was more than fifty years before they Avere able to have a church of their own at Stratfield, and every Sunday all the able-bodied persons in the village were obliged, rather than omit church-attendance (which course did not present itself to the mind of a Puritan as possible), to tramp across the wild counti'y for four or five miles either to the church at Fairfield or at Stratford. It is possible to form a mind-picture of the procession which the few families in Stratfield would make on the way to church on those olden time Sumlay mornings. They no doubt followed the usual custom in the colonies of going together. It was not until some time in the Eighteenth Century that carriages were used in attending church, except on special occasions. All, both young and old, were accustomed to walk. Some of the active, middle-aged men led the way as an advance guard. Others of the strong men were scattered through the company, while some brought up the rear. All the heads of families carried their weapons in readiness, even in BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 17 such comparatively quiet settlements as Quinnipiac or Pequonnock, for the possi- bility of a sudden attack of the wandering tribes of Indians was always imminent. Beside, there was a large reservation of Indians on Golden Hill, indolent and harm- less generally, but one could not tell just how far to trust them. Under the watch- ful protection of the I*uritan fathers, the Puritan matrons walked sedately along, watching over their younger sons and daughters, in whom the Puritan spirit had not yet subdued the natural tendencies to mirth and noisiness. Tlie young men and maidens walked apart, for on Sundays, of all days, they were not supposed to have any desire for each other's company. Thus, in irregular companies of a half dozen or so, but all within a short distance of each other, the inhabitants of Strat- field would walk to church each Sunday morning, unless the Aveather was so inclem- ent as to prevent the women and children from going out. The men Avere obliged to be present, whether rain or shine, snow or ice prevailed. Arrived at the church, the families were seated according to certain ranks and privileges which then prevailed. The young men and maidens were again separated, being seated on opposite sides of the church. But, though obliged to refrain almost from looking at the young ladies during the day, the young man's turn came around Avith Sunday cA^ening. Then it was the regular time for him to visit his loved one's home, and ever since that day the custom seems to have continued. The noon meal Avas ahvays brought to church, and the country people did not return home until after the sermon in the afternoon. Thus passed a Sunday Avith the Puritans, looked forAvard to throughout the Aveek as a foretaste of heaven. Indeed, all their pleasantest recollections and hopes clus- tered around the church. In the midst of the hard struggles of subduing the soil and the rough forest lands, this spot stood out as an oasis in the wilderness. Here they received their name at the first solemn ceremony in the course of their life. Here the banns of true love Avere first announced. Here, before the altar, after having ridden OA^er in state, bride and groom together on the same steed, the most sacred vows of marriage Avere administered. Hither they expected to come on their last journey after the hard battle of life was OA^er. So the first and most important element which Ave meet Avith in the life of the early settlers in Bridgeport, as all through Ncav England, is their relation to the church. In the light of this fact Ave may Avell consider it the most important event in the history of the colony up to that date, when the foundation of the first church was laid in Stratfield, in the year 169-3. The fact that there could not have been more than seventy-five adults in the place at the time demonstrates the universal desire which existed for such an edifice. The church Avas not finished until 1695, OAving partly to the heavy strain put upon the inhabitants by reason of their small numbers and partly to the fact that much difficulty ensued in separating from the parishes at Fairfield and Stratford. The Reverend Charles Chauncey Avas settled as pastor of the church, and proved an ideal leader of the people. About the same time, tliat other rock upon Avhich Ncav England is built, the common school Avas established in Stratfield. For a number of years the Rev. Chas. Chauncey had acted as both teacher and pastor, but before the beginning of the Eighteenth Century two flourishing schools were in operation, one in that part of the town bordering on Stratford, the other in the part toward Fairfield. Ever since 18 niilD&EPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. that time the subject of education and its methods has continued to grow with the city, contributing indeed not a little to the stability of that growth. The Rev. Mr. Chauncey was a highly educated scholar, the grandson of Chai'les Chauncey, pro- fessor of Greek and Latin at Cambridge University, England, and later President of Harvard College, so we may be sure that in the beginning of the school at Stratfield, the first steps were wisely planned and intelligently taken. The standard was prob- ably somewhat higher than at most of the colonial schools where nothing was taught except the simplest rudiments. The discipline of the schools in those days con- formed to the Puritan idea, and the present system would seem the height of indul- gence in comparison. Mr. Chauncey's salary as both pastor and teacher was £60, which was afterwards increased to £80. This may seem very small but in reality was very generous con- sidering the population of Stratfield at that time. The Stratfield Ecclesiastical So- ciety was the name given to the first attempt at local organization, which was granted a charter at the establishment of the first church in 1695 by the General Court of the State. Being the first community under this form of organization in the State, its privileges and powers were defined, according to Orcutt's history, in 1699, as follows: 1. To make choice annually of two or three persons who shall have power to order meetings of the society, their minister's rate and what concerns may be about their meeting house. 2. To choose collectors of the rates, and that they shall have power by virtue of a writ from lawful authority to distrain. 3. To choose a constable whose power shall reach from west side of Pequonnock River unto the utmost bounds of the village, westward, according to the limitations granted Commission Officers; the village consisting partly of Fairfield and Stratford. 4. That they shall have liberty to choose annually a society recorder to be sworn to that work. The organization was of the simplest character possible, and yet, or consequently, proved most efficient in the small community, as long as it continued in operation. The chief members of the new society at its inception, were Richard Hubbell, Isaac Wheeler, James Bennit, Samuel Beardsley, Samuel Gregory, Mathew Sherman, Rich- ard Hubble, David Sherman and John Odell. This union of all the forces of the town in one compact body had a most telling influence on the internal improvement of the region itself and the preparation for rapid advancement later on. In 1703, the village had grown in numbers sufficiently to warrant the organiza- tion of a train-band. David Sherman was appointed as its Ensign; in the following- year John Beardsley was elected Captain, and James Bennett Lieutenant. On the annual "training day," the whole company of some forty or fifty men would turn out, and march to the training grounds in the northern part of the village. The accoutrements of the soldiers were of the most varied and sometimes ridiculous nature. Ko attempt at uniformity seems to have been made. In close proximity might have been seen, one man wearing the helmet and cuirass of an English knight, with a broad cavalry sword in his hand, and another with no defensive armor at all, carrying a large "blunderbuss " over his shoulder. Fat men and lean men, tall and low, marched side by side indiscriminately, and almost in accordance with each individual's own sweet will, for the amount of absolute authority now given to a military commander. BRIDGEPORT. PAST AND PliE.^RNT 19 for the time being, would have seemed pi-eposterous to those independent freemen. Tlie day on the parade ground was spent in sham battles, athletic games and military- reviews. Sometimes the Indians from the neighboring reservation would come down and try a wrestling bout with the soldiers. " Training Day " was one of the chief holidays of the year. For one day, at least, the natural man in the old Puritans made itself apparent. Hilarity and merry making were almost universal. It was not, however, until a much later date that New England rum appeared upon the scene and added yet another feature to the day. The only other holiday of the time worth mentioning, was Thanksgiving Day. The Puritans had rejected the observance of Chi'istmas, along with all the other church days, but all joined in rendering this great festal day of Thanksgiving a red- letter occasion in the year. Families were united again under the roof of the pater- nal house, and an abundance of good things from field, forest, and sea were supplied. This distinctively New England custom was established before 1650, and no doubt was observed here from its inception. The glimpses of the kindred " touch of human nature" in our Puritan ancestors throw an amount of light upon their lives and habits which else were lacking. The sober business, or in fact the life work of the early settlers of Stratfield, for their lives were religiously sober, was agricultural. Unlike many sister colonies, no thoughts of treasures to be gained by traffic on the sea seem to have been ever con- templated by them. For a hundred years the cultivation of the soil, which fortu- nately was unusually rich, absorbed their endeavors. In the year 1*714, the little settlement met a heavy loss, in the death of their be- loved pastor, the Reverend Chai'les Chauncey. Endowed with the highest natural gifts, cultivated by a broad, liberal education, he had thrown himself into the work of the church here with a self-sacrificing zeal that had a most marked and beneficial influence in moulding the tendencies of the early days in this colony. The Reverend Mr. Chauncey was succeeded after a year's interval by the Rev. Samuel Cooke, one of the earliest graduates of Yale College, who carried on Avith energetic ability the work which had been so successfully inaugurated by his prede- cessor. About this time the first evidences of mercantile activity made their appearance in the shape of sundry papers and agreements, showing that quite a number of mer- chants had settled here before the first quarter of the Eighteenth Century had been completed. In 1717, the old church having become too small to accommodate the congrega- tion, a new "meeting-house" was erected under the charge of five leading citizens: Major John Burr, Captain David Sherman, Lieutenant Richard Hubbell, Jr., Samuel Sherwood, and Mr. Benjamin Fayerweather. It Avas voted that the sittings in the new "meeting-house" should be according to "dignity, age, and estate by the pres- ent list." In the following year, 1718, a gallery was built in the church, a rare inno- vation in those days, and one showing that the church must have been one of the best in this part of the State. The great religious controversy which agitated New England from 17 40 to 1745, created considerable excitement here. Mr. Cooke sided with the "New Lights," as they were called, who, influenced by the ideas of Whitefield, sought a more liberal 20 BRIDOEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. expression of Christian thought, and more liberal methods in church work. Accord- ing to Orcutt, and all reliable sources, he seems to have had the sympathetic and un- failing support of his parishioners, though meeting much opposition in his position as trustee of Yale College. In 1748 the first Protestant Episcopal church edifice was erected in Stratfield and placed under the charge of the Rev, Philo Sheltou. Many religious changes were brought about by the " Great Awakening of Whitefield," as it was called, and one of them was the establishment of the Stratfield Baptist church in 1751. The progress of Stratfield during the third quarter of the Eighteenth Century was slow. The repressive measures put upon the trade and manufacturing of the colonies by the English government tended to restrain and crush all attempts in these lines. Although increasing but slowly in numbers and wealth, the progress of thought and education Avas as marked here as anywhere in the Colony. Most of the people were well-to-do, paupers being almost unknown. Many had received a liberal education, as the early records of Yale College would demonstrate. In the meantime, the moral status of the settlement had been preserved intact amid all the growing tendencies toward a less severe and self-sacrificing manner of life which were beginning to take root among the descendants of the early Puritans. Thus it was that the inhabitants of Stratfield were fully prepared for the great struggle for liberty about to break out in the American colonies. The first dark threatenings of the storm were watched with apprehension. The Stamp Act and Boston Port Bill aroused fiery indignation. The noble resistance to acts of oppres- sion throughout the Colony met with hearty sympathy here. The men began to take down their old flint locks and get them ready for active service, while the women were meltino- down their pewter spoons and other household implements into bullets. A company of minute men was formed ready for an immediate call to arms; societies of the Sons and Daughters of Liberty were the order of the day; eloquent orators passed through the villages from one part of the State to another, arousing the minds of the people to the magnitude of the struggle, and giving the watchword of liberty; all eyes were anxiously directed to the brave little seaport town of Massachusetts, ready for the storm to burst at any minute. r,llTDQEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 21 CHAPTER III. FROM REVOLUTION TO REBELLION. When the news of Lexington and Concord readied Stratfield, on the 21st of April, 1775, the village was convulsed with excitement and rose in arms along with the rest of the State. A considerable number of volunteers, not less than forty, inarched immediately on Boston, forming a part of the Sixteenth Regiment of the State Militia. These soldiers were engaged in the brilliantly conceived and con- tested engagements around Boston under General Washington. In the expedition into Canada, led by Colonel Benedict Arnold, in the fall and winter of 1775, a company of volunteers from Stratfield participated. There were few more dangerous or more disastrous campaigns made during the war, the way lying mostly through rough, unbroken country, and the attacks against Montreal and Quebec being made under the most discouraging circumstances. The heroism of the volunteers from Stratfield was not surpassed by any of that noble band of Connecticut volunteers. Two military companies were formed in Stratfield during 1776, one composed of the " Householders " of the villasre, the other called the "Stratfield Train-Band." The former seemed to have been a sort of " Home Guard;" the latter did gallant service in the battle of White Plains, N. Y. Captain David Hawley, of Stratfield, commanded a vessel in the desperately- fought naval engagement on Lake Champlain, October 11, 1776. As the war progressed, the little settlement at the mouth of the Pequonnock began to assume the proportions of a village, and came to be called by the name of New- field. This was part of the old village of Stratfield, but it was not many years before Newfield had surpassed the older part of the village. Here at Newfield several exciting incidents took place during the course of the war. In the early part of 1777, the inhabitants of Newfield discovered that several boats were being rowed across frequently from Stratford to the British on Long Island with provisions for the enemy. Thinking it was the work of traitors, the indignant citizens of Newfield attacked one of the boats and killed two of the men? but the sad fact became evident afterward that the men were spies employed by General Washington to go within the British lines and report the condition of the enemy to himself. A pension was given to the families of these men unwittingly slain by their own countrymen while pursuing their dangerous calling. In the fall of 1779, General Silliman, the Military Commander of this section of the Long Island coast, was kidnapped from his house on the coast near Newfield iiarbor by a party of British soldiers and Tories. They had crossed from Long 22 BBIDOEPORT, PAST AND PBE8ENT. Island during the night, and, by a sudden descent, carried off thQ General before the the surrounding region could be aroused. Enraged at this midnight marauding expedition, and hoping to obtain prisoners who might be exchanged for the General and his son, who had been taken with him,, the citizens of Newfield decided to make a return expedition to Long Island. Cap- tain Daniel Hawley was to lead the party, and the Hon. Mr. Jones, Justice of the Supreme Court of New York, was the person picked out for capture. Taking a crew of picked men in a large whale-boat, Captain Hawley crossed to Hempstead, Long^ Island, some miles from the home of Judge Jones. When they arrived at his home,, it being about nine o'clock in the evening, a large ball was going on at the house^ and the Judge totally ignorant of the danger hanging over his head, was enjoying to the full the gay festivities of the evening. The noise of the music and dancing prevented the approach of the Americans being perceived. Captain Hawley, no attention being paid to his loud knocking, forced his way into the house, and arrested Judge Jones and a Mr. Hewlett in the entry. The two prisoners were rapidly con- ducted to the boat by Captain Hawley, who had to pass within a short distance of a guard of British soldiers. Judge Jones tried to attract the attention of these soldiers by " hemming," but desisted on being told he would receive a pistol shot upon a second attempt. There was a long journey between the mansion of the Judge and the boat where his companions were waiting for Captain Hawley, but the latter conducted his prisoners with consummate skill. After the arrival of the Judge at Newfield, he was entertained for several days at the house of Mrs. General Silliraan. At the expiration of three or four months, an exchange was effected with the British, Avhereby General Silliman and his son were restored to their homes, in exchange for Judge Jones and Mr. Hewlett. During the later years of the war the inhabitants of Newiield were much troubled by the communications of their Tory neighbors at Newtown with the British, and a guard of soldiers was stationed here to keep a watch along the coast. The close of the Revolutionary War found the older farming section of Stratfield smaller and poorer than before, but the village of Newfield had made great progress. From a few scattered families it had grown in less than a decade to number aboixt one hundred and ten inhabitants. Many families had moved down from the interior and settled on the shore of the bay. Among these we may note the Nichols, HaAvleys, Ilubbells, Shermans, Bur- roughs, Sterlings and Summers. A considerable trading and shipping business had sprung up, and from this time the chief interest of the historian of Bridgeport is centered upon Newfield. Under the benign influences of peace and freedom the commerce of the village prospered for a number of years. Wharves began to appear around the upper end of the harbor, and a fleet of ships made their home in the harbor, unsurpassed anywhere on the coast. The borough of Bridgeport, consisting of Newfield and Stratfield, was chartered in 1800, so that the city began its present prosperous career with the century. It was the first local government of its kind in the State, and became a valuable pattern after which many other communities in the State were modeled. The name itself signifies its own derivation, the place having probably come to be called so familiarly on. account of the small turnpike bridge at the head of the port. BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESI'NT. 23 VIEW OF LONG ISLAND SOUND, FROM SEASIDE PARK. The season of prosperity seems to have continued uninterruptedly until the Em- bargo Act in 1808, and the War of 1812 threw a damper on Bridgeport's commerce, at the same time that all the other New England towns were similarly afflicted. Although the citizens of Bridgeport achieved no conspicuously brilliant thing in the War of 1812, they maintained the cause of the country with patriotic devotion, par- ticularly on the sea. At the close of the war, commerce revived, and the main facts of the succeeding half century are the rise and fall of the shipping trade and its supercedence by the increasing extent of manufactures. Bridgeport soon came to have a fleet excelled in numbers and efficiency by few on the Sound. Considerable trading was done with New York, Boston, Baltimore and the West Indies. The West Indian trade, in particular, increased rapidly until about 1840, when it began to decline. One great benefit of this trade was the impetus it gave to the work of the coopers and millers. In 1820 the population of the borough had reached eight hundred and twenty. In the following year, the government of Bridgeport was changed by legislative •enactment, from that of the borough to the town, to meet the exigencies of its recent growth. The valuation of the town for 1820 was reported to be $24,701. From this time on the advance of Bridgeport was rapid. The advent of steam- boats was one important item in the bringing about of this result. In 1824, a charter was granted to a steamboat company in Bridge{)ort, being the third one granted, up to that time, in the State; but it does not appear that the company Avent into active ■operation before 1832. On the 16th of April, 1832, the steamboat " Citizen," Cap- 24 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. tain Brooks, began to make regular trips between Bridgeport and New York. Two- years later, in July, 1834, the steamers " Nimrod," Captain J. Brooks, Jr., and " Fairfield," Captain Peck, Avere added to the line. One of the early maritime ventures was Avhale fishing. This industry having proved so profitable in other New England seaport towns, Bridgeport decided to- try her hand at it, and whaling vessels were sent to the North Atlantic and to the North and South Pacific on long voyages. The business prospered so for a time- that in 1833 a firm, called the Bridgeport Whaling Company, was incorporated here with a capital stock of $100,000. Four vessels were owned and sent out by this company: "Harvest," "Hamilton," "Atlantic," and "Steiglitz." Whale fishing- off Newfoundland did not prove so successful, and after a decade or two the entire business passed into oblivion, as better and cheaper materials for lighting came into- the market. Many voyages to China and India were made by the old " skippers " of Bridge- port. Among the more famous of these old naval heroes were: Captain Ezekiel Hubbell, Avho sailed in all more than 245,000 miles upon the sea, and upon a large number of his voyages carried cargoes valued at over $100,000; Captain Henry Wilson, who sailed in all more than 370,000 miles, and Captain Isaac Burroughs,, who made many voyages and owned a large number of vessels plying from this port, beside being one of the most prominent citizens in the town itself. The population of the town in 1 830 was rated at about eighteen hundred. In 1833, scientific arrangements were first made for supplying the town with water. Previous to that time it had been conveyed around the town in bored-out logs, a plan originally made by the Rev. Elijah Waterman. The Bridgeport and Golden Hill Aqueduct Company, formed in 1833, with a capital of $10,000, was one of the first in the country to apply scientific methods to the distribution of the water supply. They were succeeded by the Bridgeport Water Company in 1853. In 1836, a ncAV era was inaugurated in Bridgeport by the incorporation of the Housatonic Railroad Company. The movement which resulted in the railroad began in 1835, and was one of the earliest in the country. It was originally proposed to encourage traflfic in the Housatonic Valley, by joining Naugatuck and New Mil- ford by a canal. In 1835, however, the citizens of the various towns and cities in the region decided that a railway would be much superior, and through the energetic efforts of Alfred Bishop of Bridgeport, it was decided that its termination should be made here. Coincident with the moveme nt for the railway, a city charter was granted to Bridge- port — a suggestive incident. Thus in 1836 Bridgeport began its career as a city and became possessed of its first railroad company. The new city showed its appre- ciation of the latter by making a loan to it of $150,000. This was the first experi- ence Bridgeport had had with a debt, and at first several misunderstandings arose in regard to the payment of the interest and other collateral items, but the citizens soon " saw the point," and became glad to make a small sacrifice for the general good. Beside Alfred Bishop, Wm. P. Bushnell, Wm. H. Noble, Jesse Sterling and other prominent citizens Avere deeply interested in the new railroad. The road was com- pleted and opened as far as New Milford in 1839, but the present line was not entire- ly completed until 1844. In 1845 a charter was granted to the Naugatuck railroad and in 1848 the trains began running as far as Winsted. Timothy Dwight of New BRIDOEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. ' 25 Haven, and Wm. P. Burrall, Philo Ilurd and Alfred D. Brittain of Bridgeport, were among the chief movers of this enterprise. The New York and New Haven railroad, which had been chartered in 1844, also commenced running trains through Bridgeport in 1848, Bridgeport men had an im- portant influence in the beginning of this great enterprise, which has never been in- terrupted. Wm. P. Burrall and Stephen Tomlinson, both of Bridgeport, were mem- bers of the original board of directors, no other city in Connecticut having more than one. Alfred Bishop of Bridgeport was the chief contractor and builder of the entire road. Wm. D. Bishop, son of the former, was for many years president of the road, and contributed a large share toward its prosperity. At the present time Bridgeport has two directors of the road: Plon. Wm. D. Bishop and Hon. Nathan- iel Wheeler; and superintendent: Mr. John T. Moody. The importance and benefit to the city of the great railroad lines can perhaps be partially estimated by the census, the population of Bridgeport having risen from 1,800 in 1830 to 4,570 in 1840, and 7,558 in 1850. During the decade from 1850 to 1860 there was another rapid advance, the city almost doubling its population and reaching the number of 13,299. Many of the manufacturing industries Avere established during this period. As the clpuds began to gather before the breaking of the storm, the citizens of Bridgeport made preparation for the struggle Avhich all thoughtful men recoo-nized as imminent. The troubles in Kansas, and the expedition of John Brown caused great excitement. As the elections of 1860 drew near a number of active supporters of the South and slavery made themselves prominent in the city, but they received nothing but opprobrium from the great majority of the people. With the elec- tion of Lincoln the resolution of all but a few Avas finally made to stand by the Union, Immediately upon the announcement of the fall of Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861 the patriotic spirit burst forth in great mass meetings and assemblies for volunteer- ing in answer to the call of the governor. Mayor D, H, Sterling and Wm. H. Noble were two of the chief leaders of the " Union spirit." At the mass meeting held on the evening of the day news of Fort Sumter's fall arrived, seven thousand dollars was raised on the spot in behalf of volunteers and their families. A few days later the city officially set apart ten thousand dollars for this purpose. The enthusiasm and excitement increased hourly. In the First Connecticut Volunteers Regiment, collected immediately at New Haven, Bridgeport was represented by a complete company called the " Bridgeport Rifles," Captain John Speidal. In the Third Regi- ment, recruited a few days later, Company D, Captain Frederick Frye, was composed of half Bridgeport men and the rest from other parts of Fairfield County. These regiments immediately marched to the defence of Washington, In the battle of Bull Run they were in the front of the line and were the last to retire, with unbroken ranks, an unexcelled rear guard. Capt. John Speidal was made a Lieutenant-Colonel for gallant service in the battle that day, and particularly recommended for honorable mention. When the brave volunteers returned home to Bridgeport in August 1861, they received a most enthusiastic welcome. All now perceived that the struggle would be a long and bitter one. A large majority of the returned soldiers re-enlisted, and many new volunteers came forward. Meanwhile there were a few so-called "peace " men in Bridgeport who endeavored 26 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. like blind men to stem the tide. The Bridgeport Parmer was one of the most ram- pant upholders of the " anti-war doctrines " in the State. By several strong edito- rials, wishing the rebels success and approving their actions, it drew upon itself the hostile attention of the city, with the exception of a few hesitating sympathizers. So bitter did the Farmer become that at last, excited and exasperated, a large crowd took possession of its office, ruined the type, paper and pi*esses, and by " hooting, groaning and insulting " its recreant editor, Mr. Morse, whenever he appeared in public, induced him after a few days to take a hurried leave and join his South- ern friends, via Canada. In the new regiments which were now immediately formed, Bridgeport was rep- resented as follows: Sixth Regiment by Major John Speidal, and Company I, Captain Thomas Boudren; Seventh by Capt. Gray, and part of Company I; Ninth by Lieutenant-Colonel Richard F. Gibbons, Major Frederick Frye, and Company D, Captain Thomas C. Coats; Twelfth by Company I, Captain J. W. DeForest. That a more appreciative conception of what Bridgeport accomplished in the war may be gained, only those engagements will be referred to in which her " boys " participated. The earliest fighting was met with in the Sixth and Seventh Regiments, which were ordered to the coast of South Carolina in the fall of 1861, and did some desper- ate and honorable fighting around Charleston. The Ninth Regiment being sent to Louisiana, the gallant officers and men in it from Bridgeport had a splendid opportunity to display their valor in the hard-fought battles around New Orleans. The Twelfth also played an important part in these operations. Some severe fighting was done by the Sixth and Seventh in Florida during the early part of 1862. Captain Gray, of Bridgeport, received honorable mention for distinguished gallantry in several desperate battles. Although Bridgeport had responded generously to the calls made upon her for men already, when the great call of President Lincoln for more soldiers was issued in July, 1862, she even surpassed her former efforts, showing an increase in zeal and devotion though the black cloud of defeat was then hanging over the country. In the Fourteenth Regiment, enlisted during the mid-summer of '62, Bridgeport sent out Company A, Captain James D. Merritt. The Seventeenth, Bridgeport's " dar- ling regiment," was enlisted at the same time, exclusively from Fairfield County. The city was largely represented in Company D, Captain William H. Lacey; Com- E, Captain Henry P. Burr; Company G, Captain James G. Dunham; Company K, Captain John J. McCarty. Colonel William H. Noble, the gallant Commanding Officer of the Seventeenth, and its Lieutenant-Colonel, Charles Walter, were two of Bridgeport's most honored- citizens. About this time Bridgeport came to be called " the Banner Town of the State," having furnished seventy men more than her quota — a total of eight hundred and fifty out of an enrolled militia of sixteen hundred. The Seventeenth Regiment was quartered in a fine position at Sea-Side Park, called "Camp Aiken." When it left for the field, September 3, 1862, a very large concourse of people from all parts of the county had come to the city, and after Governor Buckingham had reviewed the regiment, it was given a most enthusiastic "send-off " by the assembled people. BlUDGEPOUr, PAST AND PRESENT. 27 In its ranks, as a private soldier, marched Elias Howe, Jr., of Bridgeport, the inventor of the sewing machine, and manager of large industries in the city. Bridgeport also sent out a goodly representation in the Twenty-third (raised in November, 1862): Company D, Charles W. Hall, and Company I, Captain William H. May, being largely from this city. It was also represented in Company K, Twenty-fourth Regiment. The two last-named regiments were immediately dis- patched to take part in General Bank's expedition to the extreme South. The first fighting done by the Bridgeport men in the Fourteenth Connecticut was at the battle of Antietam, where they displayed distinguished valor. They were under fire for thirty-six hours, and a large number of men were lost. In the desper- ate charges, quick marches and counter-marches under the deadly artillery fire, and more dread yet the long standing still under it, they won a reputation for coolness and bravery which was maintained throughout the war. For the first time, Brido^e- port had to mourn heavy losses, for many noble heroes of private rank, who had helped to build up her prosperity and adorned it by honorable lives, had fallen, ne'er to gladden again the hearts of the sufferers at home. In the battle of Fredericksburg, having won a most honorable name for reliability in danger, the Fourteenth Connecticut was sent forward among the first in that terrible charge, where the Union men were mown down like wheat. Again did the publication of the reports, and the " black list " cause many sad hearts in Bridge- port. The Seventeenth were employed during the fall and winter of '62 in maintaining the defensive works about Washington, a most distasteful task to men chafino- to take part in the great struggles which were deciding the fate of the nation. The Ninth and Twelfth, with their quota of Bridgeport men, were meanwhile performing distinguished services in the engagements in Mississippi, under Grant, leading up to the siege and fall of Vicksburg. It is a fact worthy of mention that after the battle of Antietam, the soldiers of his regiment being in need of money, and not having been paid off, Elias Howe advanced, the thirteen thousand dollars due them. In the battle on the Pocotaligo River, Florida, where gallant fighting was done by the Sixth and Seventh Connecticut Regiments, Lieutenant-Colonel John Speidal, who commanded the former, was severely injured, and Orderly Sergeant Robert B. Gage, of Bridgeport, after displaying heroic bravery, was killed. The Seventeenth found its first chance for showing its devotion to the country at Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863. Here they offered spirited resistance to the masterly flank movement made by General Stonewall Jackson, which decided the battle. A terrible slaughter was made of the men, and eighty were taken prisoners. Heroic Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Walter was killed in the first charge, and Colonel Noble received a severe wound, yet remained on the field as long as he could see to manage his horse, when he had to be taken to the rear. The Fourteenth were engaged in the heavy fighting of the following day, May 3d, and again suffered severely. This was the third great blow which fell upon the anxious hearts and homes in Bridgeport, and to add to the general grief a large number of its citizens were among those who were marching " on to Richmond " as prisoners of war. Bridgeport was represented in the battle of Gettysburg by her men in the Four- 28 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. teenth and Seventeenth, who proved themselves again worthy of the highest praise. The Seventeenth was one of the first regiments thrown forward as skirmishers, on the first of July. Though outflanked and overpowered, they maintained their advance position until recalled by their Corps Commander, General Howard. They then occupied a position in the very center of the long Union line. During the second of July, the Seventeenth lay quietly but with heroic fortitude under a tremendous artillery fire, losing a large number of men. The same dread story was repeated the following forenoon, but in the afternoon came the crucial contest. When that ever- memorable charge up the hill, under General Pickett, broke against the Union line in its very center, the men of the Seventeenth Connecticut were among the heroes- who met the tide of Confederacy at its highest flow, and saved their country by making an invincible buKvark of their own breasts. Nothing in the history of the world surpasses the heroic valor displayed on both sides there, and naught can hinder the citizens of Bridgeport, now that we are a united country, not only from honoring, according to their worth, their own brave fellow-citizens present in the decisive battle of the M'ar and the decisive point in it, but also from remembering with tenderness their brave opponents. The Fourteenth were stationed a short distance to the left of the Seventeenth,, and were not surpassed in steadiness or fortitude by any regiment on the field. It had lost a large number of men, among whom were several of Bridgeport's most honored and most mourned citizens. The Seventeenth had attested its devotion by the loss of more than half its num- ber. Never before in the history of Bridgeport, had the angel of death passed through and laid so many homes in deepest mourning for martyred loved ones. Col. W. H. Noble, who had been obliged to go home on a furlough after the battle of Chancellorsville, in his anxiety to share in the danger of the struggle with the regi- ment, returned five days before the furlough expired, just in time to lead his men in the most desperate and decisive fighting of all on the third day. During the important campaigns around the Mississippi River in the summer of 1863, Major Fredrick Frye of the Ninth, and Captain William H. May of the Twenty-third, were especially active and rendered most valuable services. The Sixth and Seventh Regiments, still together, had meantime been seeing fur- ther dangerous service in Florida and South Carolina. A particularly desperate battle was fought at Fort Wagner, in Charleston Harbor. Here Andrew Grogan, a private from Bridgeport, gallantly rescued Colonel Chatfield of the Sixth, who had been severely wounded within the fort itself which had been partially captured by a charge unsurpassed in bravery during the war. For his services Andrew Grogan was promoted to a Lieutenantcy. During this same charge. Lieutenant Stephen S. Stevens, of Bridgeport, one of the most admired and loved of all the ofiicers in the corps, was slain. The Seventeenth arrived and joined the other two Connecticut Regiments on Folly Island, just off Charleston Harbor, about the middle of the series of bloody but unavailing battles in which it soon became an important participant. In con- sequence of the terrible fighting which they had undergone, the various State Regi- ments had to be repleted by a draft in the fall of 1863, to which Bridgeport cheer- fully responded. In the meantime, those at home had not been unmindful for the warriors in the field. The ladies of Bridgeport had been particularly active in pro- BRIDOEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 29 o CO 1-1 H > W o >-< 21 — ~ ' s. 30 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. viding for their every want. Their society for aiding the soldiers was formed in April, 1861, immediately after the President's first call for troops, and is universally acknowledged to have been the first association of its kind in the country. In August, 1861, the organization was completed and called the " Ladies' Soldiers' Relief-Society." Its first President was Mrs. Woolsey G. Sterling, who was succeeded by Mrs. Daniel Thacher. During the whole course of the war, Miss Lydia R. Ward was its devoted Secretary. In the first year of its existence the cash receipts were $2,618.21. In addition many thousand articles were sent to the soldiers, and one hundred and forty of their families were assisted with food, clothing and fuel. In the winter of 1863-4, this society conceived and executed the idea of filling a ship with vegetables and other provisions and sending it to all the Connecticut Regi- ments within reach of the Atlantic coast. This noble plan proved eminently suc- cessful, bringing health and joy to many of the soldiers needing and longing for such nourishment. Few local societies in the country were more active in devising and more generous and skillful in carrying out plans for the bodily and mental refresh- ment of the soldiers. The city itself was not inactive. There was contributed in all during the whole course of the war, considerably over $200,000, for the expenses of the government and aid of the soldiers. The good done by the various sources through which the citizens manifested their love toward the soldiers is inestimable. The sturdy veterans from Bridgeport had a furlough in the early part of 1864, and came home for a short respite and rest. It would be vain to endeavor to describe their reception. After a few weeks of happy reunion, they returned with steadfast hearts to the final grapple with the enemy. The majority of the Bridge- port soldiers were now united, in their various regiments, under Grant and went through one of the most celebrated campaigns in history. The Wilderness, Spott- sylvania Court House, Cold Harbor came and went in rapid succession, quickly thin- ning their ranks and leaving aching hearts all over the country. The Fourteenth particularly distinguished itself again for gallant services. After Petersburg and Richmond were invested it maintained its honorable standing through heavy losses to the very end. Captain William H. Hawley, of Bridgeport, one of the noblest and niost admired men in his army corps as well as at home, was slain August 25, 1864, during a gallant charge made by the Fourteenth. The Sixth, Seventh and Ninth were now honorably engaged before Petersburg, the Twelfth was still in the Missis- sippi Valley and the Seventeenth on the coast of South Carolina. Bridgeport lost another of her most honored citizens in Lieutenant Franklin Bartlett, of the Four- teenth, who was shot in the lines before Richmond, February 5th, 1865. Lieutenant Bartlett was very highly esteemed by both his ofticers and men and had been recom- mended for a captaincy. The Sixth and Seventh Connecticut were engaged in the brilliant operations resulting in the capture of Fort Fisher, under General A. H. Terry, January 13, 1865. For their gallantry, the Bridgeport soldiers in connection with the other brave Con- necticut vetei'ans, received the thanks of Congress and the nation. During the masterly campaigns made by General Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley, Bridgeport was represented in the Ninth and Twelfth Connecticut Regi- ments, both of whom fought with invincible bravery in the battle of Cedar Creek. Some very spirited fighting was done during the winter of 1863-4, by the Seven- teenth Regiment under Colonel Noble, who was now in charge of a brigade. By a BlilDGEPORT, PAST AND PRUJSENT. 31 number of skillful marches through the State (Florida), Col. Xoble succeeded in maintaining the Union interests with great success. During one of these dangerous excursions, Lieutenant Henry Whitney Chatfield was instantly killed in a hand to hand struggle with the eneniy. He was dearly loved in the army, where his bravery and noble character had attracted much atten- tion, and no death was more generally or deeply mourned at home. For distin- guished services. Captain William L. TTubbell of the Seventeenth, from Bridgeport, was now promoted to be the major of the regiment. Another officer who attracted and receive«'mp\i! '™'lfisiSst^^ '' .wr' "■""""•wsflf!!! ' ■ " i!lffli!|H;|I!!!lii!ilf IJ(jl|!p ,1: . . __ : il:iiii!llli*!»il| lifc iTniniH;rri;;-i;:.Ml«Mlllil|lli"iii«,i;iiilliMi'""""-'''''"''''''^ ■swimmpi TfniffldHHiiifinifiiTmilBfinmm I n rmi • • wmimmmMmm ^'iiiSIIlBSB!^^ , '■■■' "■■"■""'i'["!;^^:;;ii';!i:ili|i| im " " ;^ -■--;; VIEW AT BLACK ROCK. ford Society, which has become the model of more than three hundred other similar ones. Hon. Philo Clark Calhoun was born December 4, 1810, in Danbury, Connect- icut, of an old and honored family, being related to the Hon. Jolin C. Calhoun of South Carolina. He started in business at Bridgeport about 1826, entering the saddle and harness business with Lyon, Wright & Co., and soon afterward was sent by the firm to Charleston, South Carolina, where he established a store, and returning- to Bridgeport about 1834, soon established himself as one of our leading business- men, which position he maintained durijig the whole time of his residence heie. He Avas president of the Connecticut Bank for seventeen years, a member of the Bridge- port Common Council, and Board of Aldermen; was Mayor from 1855 to 1857; a- member of both houses of the Legislature, and was most influential in all public measures relating to the city from 1850 to 1864. In that year he removed to New- York city where as president of the Fourth National Bank he soon established it as- one of the largest deposit banks in the country. He held many other important oftices and w^as one of the most noted and successful business men of the metropolis. He died March 14, 1882, having accomplished a great work and been an important factor in the progress of Bridgeport. Peter Poland was born in Scoharie county, New York, and for many years was- engaged in the grocery and later in the hotel business at Albany, New York. After a long experience as hotel man he came to Bridgeport in 1880, and bought the At- lantic House, which he has since conducted in a liberal and enterprising manner^ fully in keeping with the spirit of the city. 58 . BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. Hon. Civilion Fones was born in Toronto, Canada, October 1, 1836, so that be is of the same age as the city of Bridgeport, of which he is the present Mayor. He is a descendant of two Huguenot families, and spent his early years in Canada and New York State, coming to Bridgeport first in 1858. He began life in the occupa- tion of his father, as architect and builder, but after coming to Bridgeport entered the dental profession, studying first with Dr. D. H. Porter, of this city, later at Maryland Medical College and Baltimore Medical College. He has practiced suc- cessfully in this city for more than twenty-five years, and has gained the esteem of his colleagues and fellow-citizens. He was elected president of the Connecticut Val- ley Dental Association. He was elected to the Common Council of the city in 1884, served as Alderman in 1885, and Mayor in 1886-7, which offices he has administered wath distinguished ability and success. David Benjamin Lockwood, son of David and Abigail (Gray) Lockwood, was "born January V, 1827, in Weston, and is a direct descendant of Robert Lockwood, -who settled in Fairfield in 1649. After a preparatory course at Staples' Academy, Easton, Connecticut, he entered Wesleyan University in 1844 and graduated in 1849. He studied law under Hon. Thomas B. Osborne of Fairfield and Hon. Sidney B. Beardsley of Bridgeport, where he was admitted to practice in 1851, and continued liere until 1856, when he removed to New York city. He served with distinction as a sergeant in the Second Connecticut Light Battery throughout the war, and after its close for a number of years performed editorial work upon the Bridgeport Stand- t and courteous at- tention. The stock carried is very large and a sufficient varietj- is offered to satisfy all tastes. As some of the goods for sale, such as lard, sau- sages, etc., are manufactured under the personal supervision of the firm, they can confidently warrant their jiurity and entire freedom from noxious or improper materials, and this fiict, no doubt, explains to a great degree the very large business which this house does in these articles. Fresh vegetables of all kinds, in their season, are on baud, and pure creamery butter and fresh country eggs are also dealt in. The firni consists of Messrs. F. C. Bommos, Jr., and C. 31. Biltz, both these gentlemen being well known citizens and uuiversaHy respected. ]\Ir. Charles M. Biltz was born in the jx^ar 1852 at Weisbaden, Germany. F. C. Bommos, Jr., was born in Lynchburg, Va., in the year of 18.56; elected to the Common Council on the Republi- can ticket in the spring of '87 from the second ward. 84 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. - -^tfi^^^Z-'rt'.BSsE amijiiniiiiinuiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiliiiilinill iiniiiiiiaiiiimiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiniiiliiillilL I'll" iiiiiMiiiiiiiiiii iMiiMRiiiin' iii77s!nTmiTiiiiiTiTi!TTi| iiiiiiiiiniiiiUiliSiSHBSi! :lilli.ll!illi;il!III!flWUl3IULS.yi!!!llil!5I[!'!!8a(9| The New Howe Manufacturing Co., John P. Kennedy, President; E. Parmly, Secretaiy and Treasurer. — Under auspices the most favor- able, the New Howe Manufacturing; Company have lately begun the manufacture of sewing machines in Bridgeport, as successors to The Howe Machine Co., and the future of the con- cern gives promise of great usefulness. The company was organized and incorporated in November, 188G, and have inaugurated their important work on a scale of large proportions, with abundant resources and every fficility for their purposes. The new company are the sole proprietors of valuable patented improvements, which bring the old Howe sewing machines to the highest point of perfection, and as now per- fected these always popular machines are rapidly taking tiie lead in public favor. The factories of The New Howe Manufacturing Company comprise two immense blocks of brick buildings, four stories in height, formerly occu- pied by The Howe IMachine Company, which have been greatly improved in their equipment, and every facility for successful operations is possessed by the new concern. This company also manufactures grej'' iron castings of light and medium weight. The president of the company is jVIr. John P. Kennedy, and Mr. E. Parmly is the efficient secretary and treasurer. They are men of exceptional business ability and energy, and the success of the enterprise seems abundantly assured. James E. Hair, Pharmacist, 42 Railroad Avenue, near Main Street. — The profession of the druggist is one that deserves the most appre- ciative consideration from tlie residents of the community in which it is located, as in no other line of trade can the knowledge and aid of tlie proprietor be called upon in time of need to alleviate the ills and suffering of the human bodj^; and prominent among these public bene- factors of Bridgeport is the well-known estab- lishment of James E. Hair, which was first started in 1881, and although established in busi- ness but a comparatively short time, Dr. Hair has had eleven years of experience in phar- macy. The premises occupied by him for the trans- action of business are located at 43 Railroad avenue, where is displayed a fine and complete stock of drugs, medicines, etc. The store, which is of medium size, is nicely appointed, and fur- nished with a soda fountain, show cases, etc., and a fine assortment of toilet articles usually dealt in by all druggists. Dr. Hair is a thorough cliemist, and the ut- most care and attention is paid to the compound- ing of physicians' prescriptions, and the public are assured that none but the purest of drugs and medicines are used in the preparation of the same. James E. Hair is a native of England, and his success is justly merited. We can .assure all customers that they will meet with prompt and gentlemanly attention. In addition to his large trade in drugs and patent medicines, he is the proprietor of s-everal well known preparations, among which Hair's Syrup of Tar, Wild Cherry and Horehound has already enjoyed a large sale. Dr. Hair is an able veterinary surgeon, making canine diseases a specialty, and his thorough knowledge of medicine is of great assistance in his practice. His dog medicines, which are the practical results of over forty years' experience with all kinds of dogs, embrace Distemper pow- LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 8.> ders, 50^; Alterative powilers, 50(^; Mange cure, 35^ and 75^ per bottle; Worm powders, oO^; Canker wash, 50(^; Tonic pills, 5(){^; Kennel soap 25^. All diseases of the dog treated. The above medicims, put up in powder form, can be sent to any part of the United States on receipt of price. Consultation bj' mail a spe- cialty. His custom extends all over the United States, and dogs have been sent long distances for treatment. The medicines have been used in England siuce 1829. They can also be obtained through any druggist. John S- Atkinson, Wholesale and Retail Deal- er in Harness, Blankets, Trunks, Bags, Sole Leather and Shoe Findings, Boot and Shoe Up- pers, corner of Fairfield Avenue and Middle Street. — Omitting nothing that contributes to a disclosure of the industries and advantages of Bridgeport we make mention in our volume of the advantages offered to the public in the well ordered and well conducted harness shop of Mr. John S. Atkinson that has during the past sixty odd j'cars supplied not only the trade of Bridge- port, but the surrounding country wiih a com- plete assortment of harness, horse clothing, trunks, bags and every article made or carried in a first class shop, all of which are sold to the trade at producing prices. This business was established in 1824 by Han- ford Lyon, succeeded in turn by Lyon, Harrall & Co., Harrall, Calhoun & Co., Calhoun, Lacey & Co., Lacey, Sleeker & Co., Meeker & Shelton, Shellon & Lyon, and came under the present management eight years ago. The premises occupied are located at the cor- ner of Fairfield avenue and Middle street and consist of two floors 24x50 feet in area finely equipped. Employment is given to a large force of skilled hands. The trade is both wholesale and retail and is verj^ extensive. The goods manufactured and kept in stock consist of har- ness, blankets, trunks, bags, sole leather and shoe findings, boot and shoe uppers, etc. No house in this business in Bridgeport possesses finer facili- ties for producing first-class work at reasonable prices than the establishment of Mr. Atkinson, who is a native of this citj and a highlj^ esteemt d citizen. La conclusion we may remark that the reputa- tion of the house for liberality and enterprise is not excelled by any contemporary concern, while the superior character of its products makes it one of the most desirable houses in the trade with which to establish pleasant and profitable relations. Seeley's Stables, 44S Broad Street, next to St. Jolm's Hall, also Ofiice of Bridgeport Cab Co. — Sceley & Co., proprietors. A liberal- ly conducted and hence higlily popular Bridgeport establishment is that under the con- trol of Seeley & Co., located at No. 448 Broad street, next door to St. John's Hall. The excel- lent livery stables which this firm carry on were established ten years ago by ISIr. J no. Jones who was succeeded by the present proprietor four 3'ears ago. Two floors are occupied, tiieir size being 50x100 feet, giving a capacity for forty horses and about an equal number of vehicles Light livery, hacks and landaus are to let at all times and new and elegant coaches furnisiied for public occasions such as funerals, wedilings, re- ceptions, or calls, when desired, at poi)ular rates. The firm consists of Messrs. S. M. Seeley and L. M. Seeley, both these gentlemen being natives- of this State. They take genuine pride in keep- ing up to the high standard they early es-tablish- ed for themselves in the matter of furnishing fine appearing teams to the public. They also con- duct the popular Bridgeport Cab Co. In sup- plj'ing the cheapest and best method of convey- ance to points in and about the city, the compa- ny have accomplished a beneficent work, and the appreciation of the public has been al)undantly manifested in the large and steadil}' growing patronage of the concern. To accommodate the trade of the company, a large number of stylish cabs and light carriages are constantly at hand for weddings, funerals, shopping, calling or for conveyance to the depot or boat. A force of competent drivers are em- ployed who are selected with special reference to their sobriety, honesty, careful diiving and. courtesy to passengers. Mills' Pavilion, ^lain Street, Opposite Seaside Park. — There are few people who do not delight in a first class clam-bake, when properly cooked and served, and in this connection ve would call the attention of our out-of town readers to the enterprise of Mr. and ^Irs. \Vm. H. Mills, proprietors of the celebrated Mills' pavilion, lo- cated on Main street, near Seaside Park. No one engaged in this business more thoroughly understands the wants of the public than the proprietors of this place, who bend every energy to give satisfaction to nil. They established this business in 1884, and have each season since catered to the public in a satisfactory manner, and at reasonable prices. The pavilion consists of one story. 80x100 feet in dimensions, admirably arranged for the com- fort of the guests. Polite and attentive assist- ants are in attendance, and are courteous in their treatment of all. A specialty is made of preparing clam bakes for picnic and other parties, and the terms will be found very reasonable. Mr. Mills is a native of Bridgeport, and is a gentleman of energ}- and abilit}', thoroughly experienced in all the details of the business he has in charge. We advise all visitors to this city during the summer months not to forget Mills' pavilion, as they will do themselves a favor by giving this popular resort a trial. A fine band stand is erected in the center of the pavi ion, and the floor is fine for dancing. 86 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. ■"/■I'-^Aa.A'.K^ Edwin Edwards & Son, Atlantic and Fair- field Avenue Stables, 533 Water Street, opposite Depot, and 103 and 104 Fairfield Avenue. — As proprietors of the Atlantic and the Fairfield ave- nue stables, the two leading livery establishments in Bridgeport, the well known firm of Edwin Edwards & Son have for years been successfully engaged in business in this city. The enterprise was inaugurated by the senior member of the firm over twenty j^ears ago, and from the first tlie business has been conducted with that re- gard for the wants and interests of patrons, that the patronage of the establishment has steadily increased, and the reputation of the old house for square dealing and reliability has always been maintained. The Atlantic Stable is located at No. 533 Water street, near the Atlantic Hotel, and the other is situated on Fairfield avenue, Nos. 102 and 104, on that beautiful thoroughfare. The stables are models of convenience and complete- ness in their appointments and arrangements, with excellent accommodations for over one hundred head of horses. A large number of stjdish and serviceable iorses and elegant cabs, hacks, carriages and other vehicles are kept for livery purposes, and nobby teams with careful drivers are provided for business or pleasure purposes at short notice and most reasonable terms. Special rates for funerals, weddings and excursion parties are made, and orders by telephone have prompt at- tention day or night. Horses placed to board have best of care and attention. The Messrs. Edwards (Edwin and L. E.) are both natives of Connecticut, and are live, re- sponsible business men and influential citizens. A. L. Winton, Dealer in Flour, Feed, and Orain, also Berkshire Store and Coal Co., Coal, Wood and Groceries, Berkshire Mills, head North Washington Avenue, Depot Winton's Block, 216 and 218 Middle Street, adjoining 5's Engine House, A. L Winton, Proprietor. — An old es- tablished and very widely known Bridgeport "business enterprise is that so ably conducted by Mr. A. L. Winton at Berkshire mills, and Nos. 216 and 218 Middle street. It was founded 32 years ago and proved a decided success from the start under the skilful guidance of the proprietor who is the oldest in this business. At the Berk shire mills, three floors are occupied 60x80 feet in dimensions, andavery heavy stock is carried of wheat, r}'e and graham "flour, meal, feed, grain grass seed, hay, straw, fertilizers, axle coal, etc. Mr. Winton has one decided tage over most other dealers in flour, etc. city, as being the proprietor of the well grease, advan- in this known Berkshire mills which are thoroughly equipped with appliances for the grinding of flour, grist, etc. ; he is in a position to know thoroughly the character of the goods he sells and to confidently warrant their puritj^ and general desirability. Also sells the highest grades of Western patent flours. Both a wholesale and retail business is done in coal and grain. A number of men are at hand to give all orders prompt attention. The fertilizers on sale are such as have proved their value in actual practical use and will be found free from adulteration and first-class in every re- sjiect. Mr. Winton was born in Fairfield county and is a representative and highly esteemed citizen who is widely known throughout the city. Bridgeport is his native place, but he went early in life to the town of Weston, from whence at about the age of twenty-one, he went into the business world for himself. He is prominent among those who have earned their own fortunes. His rule through life has been to pursue an up- right course, and he has thus been enabled to triumph over all difficulties. In connection with the mill, a country store is maintained from which near residents may supply themselves with all needed articles for their families without making a journey to the city center. Near the mill a large coal yard is con- ducted, and from it is dispensed from 3,000 to 5,000 tons of coal each year, and a pretty respect- able business is done in cord and kindling wood. The mill is a sort of centre of exchange, farmers bringing wood and other products and taking paj- in coal. A visit to the mill at any hour of the day proves conclusively how important it is to the people as a center of accommodation. Linehan Bros., Dealers in Fancy and Staple Groceries; also, Foreign and Domestic Liquors, Corner Myrtle Avenue and Austin Street. — Among the establishments in Bridgeport that deserve favorable mention is that of Linehan Bros., located corner of Myrtle avenue and Aus- tin street. The business was started in 1883 by the pres- ent firm, and being gentlemen of wide experi- ence, their ability and enterprise have gained for them a constantly increasing patronage. The premises occupied comprise a commodi- ous store, consisting of a double store, floor 50x 50 feet in dimensions, and basement, appropri- ately fitted up with every facility. A tine and complete stock is carried, embracing everything essential to the grocery trade ; also, foreign and domestic liquors. Messrs. Linehan Bros, are prepared to offer their patrons the very best the market affords, at low prices, and as goods are received direct from leading jobbers and manufacturers in large quantities, the proprietors can aff"ord to offer inducements in prices and quality and variety of stock, that can be duplicated by few and excelled by none. We commend this house to those desiring the choicest goods at lowest prices. Five capable assistants are employed to wait on customers, which is done in a polite and prompt manner. The proprietors number their patrons and friends by the score. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 8T The Co-Operative Life and Accident Associ- tion, G. W. Lewis, ^lanager, Room 7 W'liriier's Buildins^. — Coinbiiiiug all the desirable leaturcs of mutual life and accident insurance, the Co-op- erative Life and Accident Company of the Unit- ed States has been inaugurated under the most favorable auspices, and in five years it has ac- complished a work of greatest beneficence. The membership at the present writing is 4,000 and tiie amount for which they are insured is over |;r,\ooo,ooo. By furnishing to members full accident indem- nity without additional expense for fees or dues, while their life policies are in force, the associa- tion has brought within reach of all classes the benefits of both accident and life insurance at actual cod. Any person of good moral character and in good health, under sixty-five years of age and not under seventeen years of age, is eligible to membership in this association, and on the paj'^- uient of an admission fee of i^B.OO, and of assess- ments limited to $4, the amount of the annual dues, and $1 to the accident fund, is entitled to !^10 weekh' indemnity in case of accident, and the beneficiaries to $LO0O at death. Policies are issued for .fLOGO to $10,000 insur- ance in case of death, $10 to $"25 weekly indem- nity in case of accident, in one membership upon the mutual benefit plan. The officers are, E C. Hazard, President; Wm. C. Jones, Vice-Presi- dent; Wm. T. Mersereau, Treasurer; Lewis A. Osborn, Secretary. The Association was organ- ized in 1882 to meet the requirements of business men, and all who desire to carry life insurance separately from all investment. Its steady, solid growth, and the endorsement of the best business and financial men of this and other cities, un qnestionably guarantees the practicability, safety and popularity of thissj'stem of insurance. The standing of the officers and board of direc- tors is a sufficient guarantee of the ability, pru- dence and integrity of the management. ]\[r. Geo. W. Lewis, the general manager for Connecticut, is one of the directors of this reli- able Association, and his office is located at lioom 7, Warner building. Main street, where all information is cheerfully furnished, and member- ship secured, lie is a reliable, accurate business man, and fidlest faith in his worth universally obtains. L. H. Mills, Plumber, Steam and Gas Fitter, 36 and o8 Middle Street. — Prominent among the leading firms of this citj' stands the establishment of Mr. L. XL Mills, which is located at Nos. 30 and 38 Middle Street. This enterprise was start- ed 26 years ago, being known at its inception as the Bradbury & Wilmot ^Manufacturing Com- pany of which Mr. jMills, the present Proprietor, was the Superintendent. This geutleman has had sole control for some eight years and has built up an enormous business, which requires the occupanc}^ of two floors, each 30x60 feet in dimensions, and the employment of some seven- teen skilled hands. Plumbing and steam and gas fitting of all descriptions are done in the best pos- sible manner at short notice, and all jobbing or order work is promptly done, satisfaction being fully guaranteed. It is certainly a great advan- tage when giving orders for work of this kind to feel that you are dealing with a strictly reputable and responsible house, especially when, as in the case with the establishment under discussion, work is done at the lowest possible rates. A heavy stock of plumbers' and gas filters' mate- rials is constantl}^ carried, and every facility is at hand to accommodate the immense business done. J. C. Davies, Stair Builder, Seeley Street ofi Cottage Street. — The difficulty and nicety of stair building has made it a special industry, separate and apart from house building, and it requires- men of a mechanical turn of mind to become ex- perts in this line. Mr. J. C. Davies whose name heads this sketch, commenced here in 1879 as a professional stair builder. His location is favorable, being on Seeley street, and his shop, which occupies two stories, 50x50 feet in dimensions, besides addi- tional buildings, is furnished with all the needed machinery for modern style work. Employment is furnished to five skilled work- men who are professional stair builders. The work of this establishment from its beginning has been of a superior cla.ss and the business has consequently rapidly increased, and at present is coming from nearly all parts of the country. Mr. Davies carries in stock, well seasoned mater- ials, so that he is prepared at all times to supply the trade with such and to prompth'fill all orders sent to him from abroad. Stair rails, Ijalusters and posts are furnished to order, promptly. He has built the stairs of many of Bridgeport's most elegant public buildings as well as private resi- dences. Specimens of his work nui}' be seen in Sauford's Block, Park avenue; W. F. Sword's, Broad street; J. W. Birdseye, Fairfield avenue; Gajiord's Block, Connecticut National Bank, Fred Sailer's Block, Bank str(.et, and Chauncy Morton's, Fairfield avenue. 3Ir. Davies is a native of New York, and he is- recognized as fair and honorable in all business transactions and enjoys the confidence of the general public in an eminent degree. T. M. Barber, Bread, Cake and Pies; Bakery, 143 ^lyrtle Avenue. — Barber's bakery, located at No. 143 Myrtle avenue, is one of the most relia- ble in Bridgeport, and deserves honorable men- tion at our hands. The business was founded in. 1887 hy T. M. Barber, the present proprietor, who is a thorough master of everything pertain- ing to the business and has, during the short period he has been established, built up a trade upon a sound and permanent basis. He occuines two floors of the building on. Myrtle avenue, covering an area of 52x10 feet. The store and bakery are well equipped, and have every convenience and facilitj' at hand for \ promptly facilitating the business in all its vari- : ous departments. He has made it an invariable '' rule to use nothing but abscAntely pure material, and upon this substantial basis in all his business- dealings he has won a wide reputation and in- stant appreciation from all who buy his goods. I He has developed a fine wholesale as well as I familv trade, and his bread, cake and pastry is highly esteemed for its freshness, absolute purity and low prices. Experienced hands are employed i in this establishment. «8 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGE POUT. F. A. Bartram & Co., Packers and Wholesale Provision Dealers, 439, 441 and 443 Water Street. — This old house has a history coincident with the wonderful growth of Bridgeport as a trade center, and its influence in building up the industries of the city has been appreciated and sensibly felt. The business was started about thirty-five years ago by Mr. F. A. Bartram, and for the past thirteen years has been conducted under the above firm name and style. The Messrs. Bartram have long been the lead- ing packers and provision dealers in this city and section, and the trade they have developed is a large item in the great aggregate of business cen- tering here. Tlie extensive warehouse of the firm is eligibly located at Nos. 439, 441 and 443 Water street and comprises a large substantial three story building 75x100 feet in dimensions, equipped in the most admirable manner for the dispatch of business, and affording every convenience for the storage and handling of merchandise. The proximity to the N. Y., N. H. & H. railroad gives ample facilities for receipt and shipment of goods, and the resources of the house to meet every requirement of their wide-spread trade with dealers throughout this and adjoining States are all that could be desired. The abat- toir of the firm is large and complete, and the operations of the house necessitate the employ- ment of a force of twenty-five to thirty work- men. The Messrs. Bartram handle immense quanti- ties of fresh and cured pork, provisions, etc.. and supply the trade at lowest wholesale rates, and in quality, as in prices, the firm successfully compete with any house in their line in New York or ISIew England. Messrs. F. A., Geo. H., and Edgar B. Bar- tram comprise this responsible, representative firm. They are all "natives and to the manner born," and are recognized as successful leaders in their line of mercantile enterprise — andeslima ble and influential citizens. Wm. H. Mclntyl-e, 420 Main Street.— This establishment, which ranks among the leading business houses of Bridgeport, is one of the largest in the city dealing in fancy goods and toys. Mr. Wm. H. Mclntyre, the present proprietor, established the business two years ago, aud to his superior skill, able management and untiring industry, is due in a great measure the progress and success which has been attained during its career. A large and varied stock is carried, including foreign and domestic wools, notions and embroidery silks, toys, baskets, wagons, velocipedes, doll carriages, etc., a specialty of the house being stamping of all kinds of em- broidery work, etc. This house possesses every facility known to the trade for giving his patrons and friends extra inducements, both in low prices and excellent quality of goods sold. The customers of this well known house com- prise many of our best citizens, who testify to its popularity. Five clerks are here employed, all of whom are courteous and polite and ever ready to attend to the wants of customers. The store occupied covers an area of 18x90 feet, and is centrally located at No. 430 Main street, and is filled with one of the largest stocks of goods to be found in any similar establishment in the city. Mr. Mclntire is a native of Bridgeport, and is very enterprising and energetic. His business standing and general reputation, as well as the liberal manner in which the business is conducted is a subject of the most favorable comment. H. W. Lyon, Manufacturer of Corsets, 88 Middle Street. — With most gratifying results, Mr. H. VV. Lyon has for seven years conducted in Bridgeport one of the most complete and suc- cessful corset factories in New England, and his trade is one of the large items in the sum total of business which has given to the town her wonderful growth and prosperity. He has occupied his present location on Middle street for two years, and the establishment is a model of completeness in equipment and ap- pointments; the valuable machinery being oper- ated by a steam engine, and a force of from 80 to 100 operatives find employment in the factory. Mr. Lyon manufactures large quantities of all kinds and styles of corsets, and has facilities both for general work and for filling special orders equal to any requirement of his extensive trade. Prompt, energetic, ar d always to be depended upon, Mr. Lyon's methods and worth have the established confidence of customers and corre- spondents. He is a native of Bridgeport, and is a gentle- man of untiring energy, enterprise and push. Mr. Lyon has recently added the manufacture of corset waists in all sizes. C. A. Kane & Co., Druggist and Apothecary. 616 Main Street. — Among the many attractive business enterprises of Bridgeport, none is more deserving of notice than the pharmacy of C. A. Kane & Co., located at 616 Main street. This establishment was founded in 1875. The present firm assumed control in April, 1887, aud has since occupied an enviable position in the trade. The premises occupied are spacious and conven- ient, being 18x55 feet in dimensions, and the stock shown embraces a full and complete line of drugs aud chemicals, together with an assort- ment of such specialties as are usually to be found in a first-class pharmacy. The display of case goods and fancy articles rivals that shown by many of his competitors. The large retail trade of this house requires the employment of two thoroughly skilled and reli- able clerks, and Mr. Kane being an experienced druggist, the prescription department is managed with a skill and intelligence which has given the house an enviable reputation in the trade. The neat and attractive appearance of this store and fine stock of toilet goods, etc., handled, has done much to make it a favorite resort for those desirous of obtaining first-class goods in this line. Mr. Kane is a native of Massachusetts. Edu- cated to his profession he has acquired a profi- ciency that has placed him in a high position in the trade. Enterprising and reliable, cautious and exact, he has secured the confidence of the public to a marked degree, a confidence to which his early training has made him the just recipient. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. m Bridgeport Patent Leather Manufacturing Company, Caunon Stioel. — Tlir old t^aying has it — " There's nothing like leather," and certainly when you come to think of it you find that, sure enough, it Ix a unique material and one whose place could be filled by no substitute. The raw hide is made up into very many widely differing products, prominent among these is that in which a beautiful and brilliant gloss is given to the surface, and which is so universally known under the nameof " Patent Leather." One of the oldest establislied and most successful concerns manufacturing this article is the Bridge- port Patent Leather Manufacturing Co., which was established under its present name in 1849. the same business having previously been carried on by Mr. S. J. Patterson, now the president and treasurer of tlie company. The works are very extensive, eight buildings being oci>upied. cover- ing ground of the dimensions of 226x165 feet, and the motive power is afforded by an engine of forty-five horse-power. Fifty hands are employed The General Manager and Secretary of the com- pany is Mr. John E. Pond, who is one of the best-known men in the city\ he having been Town Auditor, a member of the Common Coun- cil, and also of the Board of Police Commis sioners. Mr. Patterson was also formerly con- nected with the Common Council, and is very highly respected in the communitj-. The Board of Directors of the company consist of the fol- lowing gentlemen: Mr. S. J. Patterson, Mr. John ^E.' Pond. Mr. F. C. Nichols, Mr. S. H. Patterson, and Mr. C. H. Capen. opened another fully ajipointed livery and board- ing stable on Colorado avenue, called the West End Stables, where residents of that section will find every advantage in the way of fine horses and carriages. Telephone connections from both. Henry Carstesen, Proprietor of State Street Stables, 236 State Street, and West End Stables, Colorado Avenue, Livery, Sales and Boarding; Strict attention given to Boarding of Private Horses; Weddings, Parties and Funerals promptly attended to. — One of the greatest con- veniences of a large citj^ is a complete and well regulated livery, sales and boarding stable, and one of the most popular of these, located in Bridgeport, is the one owned and conducted by Henry Carstesen. These stables were established in July, 1885, by Raymond &, Carstesen, and continued by them until September, of the same year, when Mr. Carstesen assumed full control, since which time lie has succeeded in making his sta])les so popular, that they to-day^ rank among the most prominent in Bridgeport. The premises, which are located at 236 State street, comprise a three storj' brick building, which have excellent accommodations for sixt}' head of horses and ever}' facility for the comfort and rest of horses while in the care of this stable; the stalls are large, well lighted and ven- tilated, in fact, every convenience is to be ob- tained here that can be found in an}' first-class livery, sales and boarding stables. Particular at- tention is paid to boarding of private horses. All orders for weddings, parties, and funerals promptly attended to. Stylish and first-class teams furnished for all occasions. Also most re- liable and competent drivers, if desired. Mr. Carstesen's long residence in this city, his lienial manner and honorable business transac- tions has gained him the high esteem and respect of our citizens At the West End Mr. Carstesen has recently The Wheel and Wood Bending Company, ]\Lanufactuiers of Wheels, Spokes, llubs. Bent Felloes, Carriage Bows, Shafts, Poles^ Beds, etc., 76 John Street. — As a source of supply for carriage builders, the wheel and wood bend- ing establishment of the company of that name at Bridgeport has long occupied a prominent place among the industrial interests, and has largely contributed io the great volume of the trade of the city. The business was inaugurated in 1850 by Messrs. Smith & Barlow, and the trade of the house outgrowing the resources for supply, the stock company, as at present con- stituted, was organized and incorporated about twenty years aeo, since wliich time, with greatly increased facilities, the work has been conducted on a scale of lar-ge proportions. The bending- works comprise a large three-story brnlding 30x125 feet in dimensions, supplied throughout with valuable impi-oved machinery driven by steam, and the extensive trade of the concern necessitates the employment of fifty hands. The output of the.«e works embraces wheels, spokes, hubs, bent felloes, carriage bows, shafts, poles, beds, etc., in all the most desii-able styles, and in : quality, warranted unsurpassed in everj- partic- ular. The company carry in stock a large assort- ment of seasoned wood work for carriaees, available for immediate use, and orders for special work of every description in this range of merchandise are executed with dispatch. Mr. Horace Smith is the president, Mr. Horace W. Smith, secretary, and E. C. Smith, tr-easui-er, of this representative company. They are natives ' of Connecticut, and possess unmistakabl}' the executive ability, tact and enei'gy which insures- success in any field of business enter-prise, N. Buckingham & Co., Manufacturers of and Dealers in Furniture of all kinds, 887 and 389- Water Street.— One of the most univei-sallj^ known and probably the oldest established house of the kind in Bridgepor-t, is that conducted bj-- Messrs. N. Buckingham & Co., at Nos. 387 and 389 Water street. This firm are manufacturers of and dealers in furniture of all kinds, the busi- ness having been founded by Mr. X. Buckingham half a centruy ago. The business is now owned and conducted by jAIr-. C. B. Buckingham, under the present style. Four floors are occupied, each of the dimensions of 80x100 feet, and upwards of twenty hands are given constant employment. A large and varied stork is carried of all descr-ip- tions of furniture, and as the goods are manufac- tured under the personal supervision of Mr. Buckingham, the high standard so long ago es- tablished for the productions of this house is strictly adhered to. Many beautiful and novel designs are shown and the workmanship and material exhibited in these articles are honest and first-class in every particular. A full guar- antee is given that all goods will prove to be precisely as r-epresented, and the prices at which they are sold are wonderfully low for goods of such uniform and high excellence. so LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. John Rutherford, Mason and Builder, and Dealer in Brick, Lime, Cement, Building Stone and Plaster; Office, West End Lower Bridge {opposite Railroad Depot). — A very old-estab- lished business enterprise and one that long ago was accorded the high position which it now Jiolds in the trade and M'ith the general public, is that so ably and successfully conducted for the past 26 years by Mr. John Rutherford. This gentleman carries on the business of a mason and builder and dealer in brick, lime, cement, build- ing stone and plaster, in an office situated at the West End Lower Bridge (opposite Railroad De- pot), the docks and j^ards for the execution of the mechanical portion of the business being located in East Bridgeport, on the corner of Pembroke and Steuben streets. Mr. Rutherford's orders are important and abundant, and during that portion of the year (from April to Septem- ber) in which in this climate the most of a mason's work must of necessity be done, from 80 to 90 hands are employed by him and are lound none too many to properly handle the business transacted. Plain and ornamental cor- nices, center pieces, brackets, etc., are manu- factured and put up, and some of the choicest and most artistic and pleasing designs in these goods are controlled or made by jNIr. Rutherford. Orders for any and all kinds of mason work will receive early and careful attention, and the past reputation of this house is sufficient guarantee ■that all orders will be fulfilled skillfull}- and well. Among the prominent buildings constructed b}^ Mr. Rutherford we would mention the Connecti- cut Bank Building, Seaside Institute, Barnum Building, and a number of others. J. W. Johnson, Real Estate Agent, Rooms 3 and 4, Connecticut National Bank Building, cor- ner of i\Iain and Wall Streets. — The East being emphatically the monej'ed section of the United States it naturally follows that in that part of the <;ountry should be established numerous agencies of more or less reliability to facilitate loans on property situated elsewhere. We say of more or less reliability for it is an open secret that some of these agencies are of what may be called the "bucket-shop" variety and only seek to fleece their patrons in the shortest possible time. But there are others of undisputed character and value and prominent among these stands the agency conducted by ]\Ir. J. W. Johnson in rooms 3 and 4 in the Connecticut National Bank Building, corner of Main and Wall streets. This gentleman began operations in 1882 and has already built up a large clientage by the abil- ity and zeal which he has shown in his dealings ■with investors. He is a native of Easton, Connecticut, and was for nine years treasurer of that town as well as selectman. He does a real estate and insurance business, representing Meriden Fire Insurance Co., of Meriden; The Quincy Mutual, of Quincy, Mass. ; The American Investment Co., and the Jarvis-Conklin Mortgage Trust Co., of Kansas CJity, Mo. Mr. Johnson makes a specialty of Western securities and real estate and has ex- ceptional advantages to offer to investors. He is an authority on real estate matters and may be •implicitly depended upon to advance his clients' interests as though they were his own. Smith & Hubbard, Attorneys at Law, Solic- itors of Patents, Offices, Corner Main and Wall Streets; also, Danbury, Meriden and Shelton. — The great good which may be and is attained by the employment of honorable and competent patent solicitors is now generally conceded bj' those best qualified to judge in the matter, and although the entire profession has no doui)t suffered to some extent by reason of the absurdly extravagant claims and generally egotistical and unprofessional conduct of some who have loudly vaunted their skill in procuring patents, etc., yet so has the medical profession, to say nothing of the clergy, and still we believe that the necessity of both these professions is allowed by the ma- jority of people. Among the best known and most highly es- teemed of these attorneys-at-law who have made a specialty of patent cases, are Messrs. Smith & Hubbard, whose Bridgeport offices are at the corner of Main and Wall streets. Here (in the Connecticut Bank building), five rooms are occu- pied, and a large amount of business is done, there being branch offices at Danbury, Meriden and Birmingham. The inception of the business was by Mr.F. W. Smith, Jr., in 1877, it first being established at Washington, D. C. In 1881, a removal to Bridgeport was had, and a partner- ship was formed with Mr. A. M. Wooster a year later. The present firm was founded in 1883, and has since been entrusted with many valuable inven- tions for which patents have been promptly secured, and all the necessary legal business done faithfully, and to the perfect satisfaction of all parties concerned. Savage & Smith Building Co., 112 Cannon Street. — The work of the builder is of the grt- at- est importance and when one reflects how abso- lute the confidence is which is placed in the skill and integrity of he who follows this business and how seldom this confidence is misplaced, he will see that builders, as a body, have just cause to congratulate themselves on their high standing in the community. If a stranger in Bridgeport were to inquire whenever he saw an unusvuilly fine building, what the name of the builder was, he could not fail to be struck with the constant repetition which he would hear of the firm name "Savage & Smith," or the "Savage »fc Smith Building Co.," as the case might be. When the more prominent members of this company first became associated in business in 1881 it was under the name of Savage & Smith, and they carried on operations for six years under the style given, until their transactions became so extensive as to necessitate the formation of a joint-stock company, which change w^as consum- mated the first of the current year. The officers are: Mr. W. A. Smith, president, and Mr. W. L. Savage secretary and treasurer, and these gen- tlemen, with the addition of Mr. Chas. Botsford, also form the board of directors. They do an enormous business, employing fifty-five men and occupying two large floors at No. 112 Cannon street. Among their work maj^ be mentioned the Connecticut Bank building. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. iiMiSia'i" ::l ilii THE CONNECTICUT NATIONAL BANK, ERECTED IN 1886. S2 LEABIBU BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDOEPORT. J J J 0^5 J. Wilkinson, Dealer in Bicycles, Tricycles, ■etc., 187 State Street. — During the comparatively few years that the modern bicycle has been known in this country its use has spread with most wonderful rapidity, and the many who prophesied on its first introduction here, that it would speedily share the fate of its prototype the "velocipede" or " bone crusher," as it was known to the initiated, have seen their croaking come to naught and the " wheel" come to stay. -Considered simply as a marvel of mechanism, a high grade " light roadster," is worthj'' of careful study, and when this has been given it an an- swer is found to the oft-repeated question, " Why do bicycles cost so much '?" Twenty-five pounds of steel and rubber, stand- ing fifty inches or more high, have to be com- bined with no small degree of science and me- chanical skill to safely carry a 150-pound man up hill and down at a high rate of speed, and these things* always have and always will cost money. But these machines, as perfect as they are, will wear out, and do break down occasionally, and then it is of the greatest importance that their repair be entrusted to one who is not only a fine Tvorkman, but who has had large experience with that particular kind of work. Such work can be given with a complete assurance that it will be properly done to Mr. J. Wilkinson, who deals in bicycles, tricycles, etc., and does general repairing in all branches, at No. 187 State street. This enterprise was started in 1883, by Wilkin- son Bros., and has been carried on by the present : owner alone since 1884. | Mr. Wilkinson is a native of Sheffield, Eng- land, and is thoroughly acquainted with bicycles and bicycle work in all its branches. He carries a fine stock of wheels, which are warranted to prove as represented, and those in need of a stylish, safe and speedy bicycle should give him an early call. He is sole agent for this vicinity for the cele- brated Columbia, Star and the Otto (for boys). He carries the largest stock of steel wheels in the State. F. O. Bennett, Successor to H. Hall & Co., Importer and Wholesale Dealer in Fine Liquors and Wines, 380 and 383 Water Street.— The 3arge consumption of spirituous liquors forms an amportant item in the commercial transactions of the day. One of the most reliable establishments in this line of business is that of F. C. Bennett, located at Nos. 380 and 382 Water street. He imports very extensively and wholesales, an excellently selected stock of fine goods, embracing leading and favorite brand of imported and domestic whiskeys, brandies, gin, rum, and still and spark- ling wines of every kind. The business was originally estab- lished by Abijah Burroughs, later by H. Hall & Co., succeeded by the pres- ent management in 1879, and the trade, which has constantly increased from the first, extends throughout the State. Mr. Bennett quotes the lowest prices to be obtained in the market for first- I class goods. The building occupied is four stories, all of ! which are used by this mammoth concern. They cover an area each of 24x90 feet, and employ- ment is given to capable and eflicient assistants in the several departments. Mr. F. C. Bennett is a native of Connecticut, and is a gentleman of energy and ability, being highly esteemed throughout the city by a large circle of friends. We commend this house to the trade as an enterprising one. Mr. Bennett ably conducts the business, and knows thoroughly the wants of the public. Boylston & Phillips, Dealers in Stationery, Toilet and Fancy Goods; also, Manufacturers of Children's Carriages, Doll Carriages, Girls' Pro- pellers, Sleighs, Sleds and Velocipedes, 102 State Street. — In pursuing our investigations to obtain material to compile this volume, the facts are prominently brought before us that thous- ands of operatives and hundreds of thousands of capital are here invested, in the manufacture of carriages; and, furthermore, that the products of Bridgeport's workshops are fully equal, and in many cases, superior in quality and finish to carriages manufactured elsewhere. Of the houses concerned in this vast industry, we will now devote a space to the one presided over by Messrs. Boylston & Phillips. This busi- ness was opened in Bridgeport in March, 1887, by the present proprietors, who started in Green- field, Mass., in 1850, moving to New York in 1857, where a branch is now located. For the manufacture and sale of children's carriages, etc., the extensive premises located at 103 State street are utilized, covering an area of 70x25 feet, which is furnished with every facility requisite for the prosecution of the business, which is devoted to the manufacture of chil- dren's carriages, dolls' carriages, girls' propellers, sleighs, sleds and velocipedes. In addition to the manufacture of the above named line of goods, Messrs. Boylston & Phillips are dealers, in stationery, toilet and fancy goods. They conduct; an extensive wholesale and retad trade in their line of goods, repairing of children's carriages being a specialty^. Both Mr. K. H. Boylston and Mr. H. L. Phillips are Massachusetts men by birth. These gentlemen are well known in social as well as business circles. LEADMG BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 93 Coester Brothers, Dealers in House Furnish- ing Goods, Hardware, Paints, Oils, etc., 830 Main Street (Bull's Head). — In carefully examin- ing the commercial interests of Bridgeport, it is a constant source of pleasurable surprise to note the advances that have been made during the past few years, and the growth of enterprises in many directions of usefulness, that add no little to the general wciltli and prosperity of the city. These reflections were forcibly suggested bj' a visit to the extensive establishment of Coester Bros, at No. 830 Main street (Bull's Head). Tliis business was foimded one year ago by the above mentioned firm, the individual members of which are C. Fred and Frank A. Coester. Since its start the facilities as well as the operations of the house have been verj' largely increase d. The premises occupied b}' the tirm consist of a fine store 20 x40 feet in dimensions, being stored with the many varieties of goods which comprise tlie stock. Several employees find occupation here and a trade is transacted whicli embraces all parts of the city and vicinity. The store is replete with a stock of the newest patterns in cups and saucers, plates, etc., dish pans, coffee pots, din- ner kettles, coal hods, wash boards, wringers, baskets, hammers, nails, hatchets, pocket knives, table cutlery, scissors, pistols, rope, silver-ware, lamps, shovels, window glass, paints, oils, var- nishes, glue, and many other articles wliich our limited space will not permit us to mention. In conclusion, we may add that this house is one that has been founded on a basis tliat entitles it to marked consideration and the great success achieved since it was originated has been well de- served, and is an evidence of the high repute in which it is held. Among the large and important houses that are engaged in this line of trade in Bridgeport is the well known concern of I'atrick O'Rourke. This establishment was founded in 1878 by its present proprietor. The premises occupied for the transaction of the business are located at 324 Water street, and comprises three floors, each 24x75 feet in dimensions, where a large and com- plete stock of foreign and dome.stic liquors is carried. Mr. O'Rourke is one of our largest import- ers and wholesale dealers in the best quality of liquors. He is agent for Flanagan, Nay & Co.'s celebrated ales and porter, and also deals exten- sively in flue whiskies. The large wholesale trade of this house neces- sitates the employment of three competent clerks who are prompt and attentive to all customers, and orders are filled in the most reliable manner. Mr. O'Rourke is a native of Ireland and too well known in this city and surrounding country to need any commentlation at our hands. We therefore cordially commend this enterprise to the attention of those in need of this class of merchandise, assuring them as we can that all business transactions with Mr. O'Rourke will be to the advantage of all concerned. The large and fine stock is lull and complete and exhibits rare good judgment in its selection and will repay a visit, from the most fastidious dealers. Patrick O'Rourke, Importer, and Wholesale Dealer in Foreign, Domestic Liquors, and P'ine Whiskies. Agent for Flanagan, Nay & Co.'s Celebrated Ales and Porter, 324 Water Street. — Warner B others. Corset 3Ianufacturers, 359 Broadway, New York, Factory at Bridgeport. — Of the many great industries which have brought distinction to Bridgeport as a great manufactur- ing and rapidly growing city, the corset factory of J\Iessrs. Warner Bros., corner Lafayette and Atlantic streets is one of prime importance. The bu-iness was inaugurated in 187(5, and i from the first has been conducted on a scale of j great proportions and with most gratifying suc- I cess. The valuable plant is eligibly located, the works comprising an impo.'-ing and substantial block of four-story brick buildings, occupying j three sides of an entire city block, 100x225 feet ! in dimensions and in its i (luipment and appoint- ments the factory is a model of completeness and convenience. A eorps of several hundred opera- tives find constant emi)loynient in the service of the Messrs. W^arner, and the costly machinery is driven by steam engines of great i)ower. The output comprises numerous quantities of the best fitting and most durable and comforta- ble corsets in the market, the quality and super- ior excellence of their manufactures being rec- ognize(i by the jobbing and retail trade in all parts of the United States and in many foreign countries, and the trade of the house is steadily increasing and extending. IMessrs. J. Dever Warner and L C. Warner are the individual membere of this well-known firm. They are among the foremost and most succesful business men of New York, and oc- cupy extensive warerooms at No. 359 Broad- way. Mr. J. Dever Warner is a director of the Pequonnock National Bank of Bridgeport, and both gentlemen are accounted among Uie influen- tial progressive citizens. 94 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Daniel O'Donnell, Successor to T. W. Beach, Dealer in Groceries and Provisions, etc., 628 Main Street. — This old and well-established gro- cery house has been noted for many years for the very fine stock of staple and fancy groceries always to be found here. This house was established by S. M. Gibbs in 1856, but was succeeded by T. W. Beach in 1877, and for the past ten years has enjoyed a large and lucrative retail trade, extending among many of our first-class families. The premises occupied for the business are located at 638 Main street, and measure 18x50 feel in size, where a very fine and attractive stock of groceries, provisions and produce is carried. Mr. O'Donnell has the reputation of keeping nothing but first-class goods, and makes a spe- cialty of furnishing the finest qualilj' of tlour, teas, cotfee, butter, sugar, spices, etc. This steadily increasing retail trade requires the employment of three competent clerks, and the bu.siness of this hou.se is transacted in an energetic and enterprising manner. The store is commodious and well arranged in all the depart- ments, and the attention to customers is all that could be asked for, and the reliability of the proprietor all tend to preserve a business so well conducted as this. Mr O'Donnell was born in the city of Xew York, but his long residence in this city, and having many strong friends of long standing in Bridgeport, he may well be classed amongher best citizens. This store has been newly fitted up, and is one of the finest in the city, and has the largest stock of groceries to be found in the city. Mr. O'Donnell was in business with O'Donnell &, Driscoll, 659 Main street, for four years. Hav- ing dissolved partnership with Mr. Driscoll, Mr. O'Donnell then carried on the business alone at 659 Main street, when he succeeded Mr. Beach, at 628 Main street ; he has been in the grocery business for the past twenty years. Messrs. Oliver B. Cole and Wm. 11 Hinckley are the individual members of this responsible^ representative firm. They are both natives of Connecticut, and are held in high esteem as busi- ness men and citizens. Cole & Hinckley, Contractors in Concrete Walks, Asphaltum Floors, Driveways, Gutters, etc.; Office, 273 Main Street.— Possessing every facility and the requisite skill for their impor- tant work, Messrs. Cole & Hinckley, for nine years, as successors to Strong & Hinckley, who established the business here seventeen j^ears ago, have conducted a large and prosperous business as contractors tor concrete walks, asphaltum floors, driveways, gutters, etc. Their office is centrally located at No. 273 Main street, and a large force of skilled workmen are em- ployed in their extensive operations. They fur- nish estimates for work and make contracts lor paving, curbing, flagging, etc., which they exe- cute with dispatch and in the most satisfactory manner, and their work is invariably guaranteed in price and quality. ]SIessrs. Cole & Hinckley are practical business men of long experience in their special field of industry, and are experts in every branch of their work. They give to it their personal su- pervision, and at most reasonable prices sup- ply the most reliable work and materials at short notice. E. S. Wood, Livery, Boarding and Hack Sta- bles, No. 864 North Main Street. — Prominent among the many and finely equipped livery- stables that form so important a part in the bus- iness of Bridgeport is that of E. S. Wood, which was established in 1872 by Messrs Wood & Way, but since 1882 has been under the full control and management of E. S. Wood, who is the sole proprietor. These stables are located at No. 864 North Main street, and consist of a large stable and sheds with a capacity for twenty horses. The strictest care and attention is paid to the comfort of horses while entrusted to this establishment; they are supplied regularly with the best of feed and their accommodations are all that can be reasonably desired; the stalls are good size and the stables are well ventilated and supplied with the most improved conveniences. A fine assortment of stylish teams will be found at this stable which are let at unusually low prices. Also first-class carriages and bug- gies to be let at all hours. Mr. Wood's long ex- perience in the business gives him a thorough knowledge in regard to horses, and none but safe and reliable ones are kept for general use. Mr. Wood is a native of New Hampshire, but his thirteen years' business transactions in Bridge- port has gained him the high retpect and esteem of the citizens of this city and surrounding towns. Geo. V. Schreyer, Dealer in Beef, Pork, Veal, Lamb, Ham, Lard, Sausages, etc. Vegetables in their Season; Market 23 Bank Street. — A prominent house in Bridgeport concerned in the above named branch of business is that conduct- ed by Mr. George V. Schreyer, who occupies the finely appointed market located at 23 Bank street, which is utilized for meats, vegetables, etc. The premises cover an area of 40x25 feet in dimensions and are provided with all the nec- essary requirements for the preservation of the perishable articles handled. The stock carried by the house embraces a large and choice assortment of meats, consisting of beef , pork, veal, lamb, ham, lard, sausages, etc., also fruits and vegetables of every descrip- tion in their season. This market was established by its present proprietor in 1881, and although of but compara- tively recent inception it has through the ability and enterprise of its management gained an en- viable reputation in this community for first-class- goods at very reasonable prices. The extent to which the retail trade of this house has reach- ed requires the employment of two thoroughly experienced assistants in addition to the personal management of the proprietor. Mr. Schreyer is a native of Wurtemburg, Ger- many. He has been a resident of this city for many years and is a highly respected citizen. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDOEPORT. 95 SEASIDE INSTITUTE. E. Weldon, Dealer in Groceries and Fruit, Corner Atlantic and Lafayette Streets, near Seaside Institute. — An important factor in the grocery line is the house of Mr. E. Weldon, located at the corner of Atlantic and Lafaj^ette streets. Established in 1886, the house at once appro- priated a large share of popularity in the trade, a distinction awarded it not only from the assured character of its merchandise, but on account of the enterprise and liberality with which its operations were conducted. The premises composing the store are of ample dimensions, occupj-ing a floor 20x-l:0 feet in area. This is adequately equipped with an attractive and valuable stock. The details of the trade wliich extends throughout this section must necessarily involve the greatest care and the most i assiduous attention. I Three cap ible assistants are busily engaged waiting upon their many customers. Orders are promptly and carefully filled. j Mr. Weldon, the proprietor, is a native of the city, and is widely and favorably known. It would be difficult for customers to find a house upon which greater reliance could be placed. j Edwin Ohatfield, Furnished Apartments, iSTo. 27 Cannon Street. — Recoffnizing the need in this cit}' of an establishment where the traveling public could obtain a comfortable and first class room, either by the day or week, at reasonable rates, Mr. Edwin Chatfield opened for this pur- pose recently the house located at No. 27 Cannon street. These premises are fitted up in a most complete manner for the business, being equipped with all modern improvements, gas, baths, steam-heat, electric bells, annunciators, etc. All the rooms are light and airy and handsomely appointed throughout. It is located most centrally, being within eas}' access of tlie depot, post office and steamboat landing, also but one block from banks and telegraph office, etc. These rooms will be found to be hy far the finest in the city, and as the terms are most reasonable, visitors to Bridgeport can find homelike and first class accommodations without paying exor- bitant hotel I'ates. Mr. Chatfield is a gentleman who thoroughly undei'stands the wants of the public, and takes great pride in catering to them in a satisfactory noauner. We commend this enterprise to all our numer- ous readers at home and abroad, and feel confi- dent in asserting that an enterprise of so recent an origin which has become so popular can not fail to be appreciated by the community at larije. 96 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BBIDQEPORT. J. F. Brady, Dealer in Stoves, Ranges. Fur- naces, etc , 839 IMain Street.— As the healthful- ness and comfort of our homes depend in a great measure on the stoves or furnaces with which they are furnished, it is obvious that we cannot be too careful in our choice of these articles. The market is flooded with goods of this nature, and the ditliculty is to choose from amidst the great variety offered. As it is clearly impossible for all of us to be sufficiently expert to distinguish the true from the false, our best course is to go to some reputable dealer, and be guided by his judgment. A popular and successful house handling stoves, ranges, furnaces, etc., in the city is that of Mr. J. F. Brady, located at No. 839 Main street. This gentleman began business in 1876, and has built up a large trade by his ability and industry. His store is 40x25 feet, and contains a fine and varied stock of stoves and stove goods, which are offered at the lowest rates. Six assistants are employed, and particular attention is paid to plumbing, roofing, etc. All orders of this kind will receive prompt and care- ful attention, and will be executed in the most workmanlike fashion. in size, located at No. 218 East Main street. The stock carried includes everything in the staple and fancy grocery line, among which will be found the best brands of choice liquors, flour, teas, coffees, spices, sugar, etc.. also a fine variety of fresh provisions of all kinds at the most reason- able prices. Mr. Feeley em- ploys several assistants, who are prompt in their attention to the business and courteous and polite to every customer, and all orders are promptly filled, and goods are delivered to all parts of the city. Mr. Feeley was fully aware of the over-abundance of com- mon liquors and wines, but saw the necessity and demand for pure goods in the community; consequently, ten years ago, he commenced their sale and has used every effort to furnish pure liquors and wines. He now feels compensated with his reputation of having the purest and largest stock of wines and liquors of any retail dealer in the city. ]\rr. Feeley is thoroughly capable and enter- prising, possessing in every respect first-class, facilities. He is naturally and justly accorded the greatest esteem throughout the community. M. T. Feeley, Groceries and Provisions, 218 East Main Street, East Bridgeport.— In looking over the retail trade of East Bridgeport, we find that in the grocery business a signal success has been achieved, and that the annual increase has grown to proportions, which should be fully recognized. Of the many houses which have made themselves prominent in the trade, we wish to call the attention of our readers to the one conducted bv Mr. M. T. Feeley, who has suc- ceeded in building up a flourishing retail trade. The premises comprise a fine, large store 25x80 Henry Reitter, Bull's Head Market, Dealer in Meat, Fish, Fruit and Vegetables, 816 Main Street. — We cannot well complete a list of the industries of Bridgeport without calling attention to those houses furnishing the various products of the market. A leading house in the meat and produce business is that of Mr. Henry Reitter, whose market is located at 816 Main street. This market was established in 1878, by Messrs. Lewis & Terry, who were succeeded by the present proprietor in 1881. The premises occupied are spacious, and well arranged for the business, being 20x45 feet in dimensions, and supplied with cold storage rooms for the preservation of their stock, which em- braces everything in the meat, fish, fruit and vegetable line. 'I he extent of this retail trade necessitates the emp'oyment of tAvo reliable clerks. Mr. Reitter, who is a praciical man of business, devotes close attention to the purchasing of his varied stock of goods, as well as to all the other details, and patrons are assured that their orders will receive prompt attention and be delivered to all parts of the city. -, . -, ^ Mr. Reitter has long been connected with the trade, and is so well known in this city that any further remarks would be superfluous. All we can say in conclusion is, that every- thing undertaken" by him will be carried out on fair business principles, satisfactorily to all con- cerned. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BIUIX; EPOUT. 97 George P. Cook, P;iik City Stables, Kossuth Street, near Lower Bridge. — Perhaps the best kuowu and most reliable liverj' stable in East Bridgeport is that of the above-named establish- ment, at least we are justified in saying that no- where in Bridgeport can better turnouts be pro- cured or at more reasonable prices. These stables were established in 1880 by the present proprietor, i\Ir. George F. Cook, and are known as the Park City Stables. They are located on Kossuth street, near I^ower Bridge; the premises occupied consist of a two-story frame stable, covering an area of (iOxlOS feet, which are nicely fitted up and arranged witli every facility for the comfort of horses while under the care of this establishment. The stalls are well ventilated, and tlie stable is light and airy and has a capacity for fifty horses; employ- ment is given to ten thoroughly capable assistants, and the management of this stable is most efficient. A special feature of the business is the sale of horses, carriages and harness. Mr. Cook, who has had long experience in the business, makes a specialty of saddle horses, also of ladies' driving and riding horses. He is also prepared to furnish coupes, phaetons, and all kinds of light carriages at short notice and at very reasonable prices, lie has lately added an elegant six-seated carriage. IMr. Cook gives his personal attention to furnishing coaches for weddings and funerals. He is a native of England, but has resided in the United States for many years, serving as wagon master four years in the United States Army during the late war. We do not exaggerate when we state that his stables are the largest, finest and most popular in this section of the city. Robert J. Veit, Grocer, 6 Crescent Place, East Bridgeport. — Every locality of any magnitude atibrds some enterprising concern prepared to conduct the grocery and provision business on a scale and in a manner that will insure customers fresh and first-class goods in large variety and at reasonable prices. We must eat to live; and when we consider fifty millions of people must be fed, one can hardly imagine the stupendous void that must follow the annual consumption of groceries. In this connection, the house of Mr. Robert J. Veit. located at No. G Crescent place. East Bridgeport, ranks as among the most enterprising in this part of the city. He is the proprietor of a commodious store 20x40 and 30x40 feet in dimensions; this is filled with choice family groceries of all kinds, pro- visions, fruits and vegetables in their season; fine grades of teas, coffees, spices, canned goods, sugars, syrups, flour, cheese, butter and all staples of the trade are to be found in the stock, and all fresh and desirable. The business was established three years ago by Mr. Veit, whose energy and tact shown in the management has resulted in well merited success. He employs two capable and attentive assistants, and all orders are promptly filled and delivered. A full stock of wines, liquors, ale, beer, etc., is also carried, the purity of which is unexcelleil by any in the citj^. A fine sample room is in the rear of the store. Joseph H. Lutz, City Pharmacy, :S« Wall Street. — A reference to the drug trade of Bridge- port suggests at once the popular and well ap- pointed establi-shment known as the " City Pharmacy," which was founded some ten years ago by Peck & Banks, and which has been, since December, 1886, under the able management of Mr. Joseph H. Lutz. The premises occupied, which are located at No. ;56 Wall street, comprise a fine store 20x80 feet in dimensions, and admir- ably adai)ted and equipped with all the most modern improvements for the advancement of the extensive business as well as the comfort of its many patrons. Mr. Lutz enqiloys attentive and competent as.sistants, and all orders are faith- fully filled, i)rescriptions accurately compounded and satisfaction guaranteed as to prices, etc. A large and very attractive display is made of fancy and toilet articles, perfumery, etc., usually found in a first-class establishment of the kind, besides a full stock of pure drugs, medicines, ])atent medicines, etc. jNlr. Lutz is a native of Bridge- port, and is a gentleman full of energy and ability as well asathorough and practicaUinowl- edge of the business. Mr. Lutz was formerly with Lewis W. Booth. And, in conclusion, we w^ould say he is fully entitled to the confidence, consideration and esteem of the public, which he enjoys in a marked degree. John G. Howland, (Successor to Geo. H. Couch), Dealer in Fine Shoes, No. 405 Main Street. — A careful review of the immense manu- facturing and jobbing interests of Bridgeport develops the existence of a class of houses in every respect prepared to compete in the several lines they represent with tlie rival establish- ments ot any city. Their magnitude, ample resources, high commercial standing, and re- markable enterprise are matters of whtch Bridge- port has every reason to be pioud. It is our mission to show to the outside world what this city produces; what it has to sell; the advan- tages possessed by her over many others as a seat of manufacture, and the attractions she offers to capital for permanent inve.-tment and to the trade as a purchasing center. In the especial branch of the shoe business the house of Mr. JohnG. Howland must be accorded by the casual observer a foremost position. This establishment was first founded by ^Mr. Geo. H. Couch, but has been under the present able management for some time. Extensive premises are utilized at the above address, which may justly be said to be one of the best appointed shoe stores in this city. The energies ot this liousc are devoted to the retail trade of fine boots and shoes, of which is carried the finest and most complete stock to be found in the city. Mr. Howland is a gentleman too well known in this community and to the trade to require from us any personalities. Suffice it for us to say that his long experience in tlie business has given him a keen knowledge of what is demand- ed in the trade, and he is able to offer induce- ments to patrons seldom if ever excelled. Mr. Howland is the exclusive agentfor Bridge- port of the celebrated C. & T. Cousins ladies' fine shoes, and several other popular manufac- turers' goods. 98 LEADIJ^Q BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. /\ Lieberum Brothers, Manufacturers of and Dealers in Furniture, Mattresses, Spring Beds, etc., also Sole Agents for the Standard Folding Bed Company, of New York, 315 and 317 Water, corner State Street. — Every branch of wood working has experienced to a wonderful degree the impetus given to productions by the perfec- tion of mechanical aids within recent years, and especially so in the manufacture of fine furniture. Of late years many houses in this line liave grown to large proportions, and among such must be mentioned that of Lieberum Brothers, manufac- turers and dealers in furniture. This establish- ment was founded in 1865 by its present pro- prietors, Messrs. William and August Lieberum. This house which bears the marks of enterprise and judicious management, exercises an influence that extends far bej^ond the limits of tlie city, its trade extending throughout the entire State. The manufacturing plant covers an area of three floors, each 80x120 feet in dimensions, located at 315 and 317 Water, corner of State street, which is equipped with all the necessary and improved machinery. Here a large and varied stock of fine furniture is manufactured, consisting of parlor and chamber furniture, sofas, chairs, tables, mattresses, spring beds, etc. They also do a large business in all kinds of upholstery work. This business, which is tlie largest of its kind in this city, requires the employment of twelve thoroughly experienced hands. Messrs. William and August Lieberum are natives of Germany, both well and favorably known in this city. Mr. William Lieberum is a member of the Board of Police Commissioners Sea View Hotel, Sea-Side Park, Geo. Humis- ton, Proprietor.— AH visitors to tliis city are impressed by its beautiful Sea-Side Park, and should tliey visit it in the season, one of the first phices to attract their eye is the Sea View Hotel, located at its principal entrance. Mr. George Humiston, the genial proprietor, opened this house to tlie public in 1880, and has since de- voted his energies to making it a great success — so well has lie succeeded that his reputation for providing clam bakes and fish dinners has few equids in this vicinity. He occupies for business purposes two stories 100x125 feet in dimensions, arranired in a neat and attractive manner for his peculiar line of trade. Parties or picnics aie en- tertained iiere in a first-class manner and at rea- sonable rates. A pavillion is attached to the hotel for dancing, and they have also a fine pier where boats may be hired, besides some ninety bathing houses. Several assistants are employed and everything is done for the comfort of the guests of this house. Mr. Humiston is a native of this city, and personally is too well and f avor- abl}-^ known for any remarks at our hands, but in regard to his enterprise, we would say that a visit to his hotel cannot fail of giving pleasure to all, and we feel assured that they will meet with polite and attentive treatment, and feel amply repaid for their trip. J. Huber, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Confectionery and Ice Cream, 41 Wall Street. — There ai-e few residents in Bridgeport who are not more or less familiar with the establishment of J. Huber, which for many years has been prominently before the public as headquarters for confectionery and ice cream. This house was founded by J. F. Freiler, who was suc- ceeded in 1882 by the present proprietor, Mr. J. Huber. The premises occupied for the transac- tion of this business are located at 41 Wall street, and cover an area of 25x70 feet in dimensions, comprising a very attractive store with an ele- gant ice cream parlor in the rear. The energies of this house are devoted to the wholesale and retail trade in confectionery of all kinds, and ice cream, of which they handle only the finest grades. Emploj^ment is given to two thoroughly skilled and experienced assistants, and all orders { are promptly filled and ice cream delivered to any part of the city. In all departments of this business there is noticeably a marked orderly and systematic method for the proper and correct conduct of each operation of the work, thereby ensuring a uniformly first-class product. Mr. Huber is a native of Germany, and is proficient in the confectionery business. Wolfram & Co., Dealers in Fine Groceries, Canned Goods, Lic|U0is, Cigars, etc., No. 145 Main Street. — The commeicial advantages of Bridgeport have brought men of enterprise and capital to establish themselves in our midst, and nearly every branch of industry is carried on here vigorously. jMessrs. Wolfram & Co., located at 145 to 151 Main street, are among the promi- nent dealers in fine groceries, liquors, canned goods, etc. These gentlemen began business here in 1876, and have conducted it upon such liberal and just principles that a large and in- creasing trade has grown up, and they rank to- day as one of the most extensive and popular houses in this city in the grocery and liquor LEADING BUt^TNESS MEN OF BUIDGEPOUT. OU trade. They have ample accommodations for their large retail business, their si ore and sample room occujiv a double store 5()x7r) feet in dimen- sions, with basement of same size for storage. Their premises make a fine appearance and are fitted up with everj^ facility requisite for the prosecution of the business. The sample room especial]}' being the finest in the city. Messrs. Wolfram & Co. deal in the finest lines of liquors, cigars, etc., and are sole agents in Bridgeport for the celebiated Johannis Spring of Natural Mineral \\'ater. This water issues from a very deep cleft in a rock, the water bubbles up with great force and is as clear as crystal; is highly recommended in cases of indigestion and loss of appetite. For table use the water of the Johanni.sbrunnen is equal in every respect to the well-known waters Appollinaris, Niederselters, etc., on account of the large proportion of carbonic acid contained in it, and is superior to most other mineral waters on account of its very agreeable ta^te. It is ex- cellent for the nerves, and makes a particularly good drink when mixed with cognac or wine. The business is under the personal manage- ment of the firm, assisted by two very capable clerks. The individual memi)ers are: G. J. and T. F. Wolfram, both natives of Germany. We would advise the citizens of Bridgeport to seek business acquaintance with Wolfram & Co., who can offer them as many advantages in the grocery trade as any house in the State. Dr. A. N. Curtiss, Room 6, Gl Fairfield Ave- nue. — Prominent among the dentists of Bridge- port is Dr. Curtiss, who is one of the most reliable in the city, and although he has been in business in Bridgeport but a short time, he has had ten years of practical experience in other places. He has been in Thomaston, Conn., for the last five years. Dr. Curtiss is located at 61 Fairfield avenue, where can be found the best light for operating in the city; his oflice is neat and well fitted up for the convenience and comfort of his patrons; his operating room is supplied with all the modern conveniences and improved appliances for the aid of his profession; all that skill and painstak- ing can do, assisted by the best facilities in the dental art, is at the command of his patients, who are assured that the result of each operation will be perfectly satisfactory. Dr. Curtiss' harmless method of extracting and filling teeth without pain is wonderful. Mechanical dentistry in all its different branches. Teeth with or without plates. Crown work a specialty. In conclusion, he will assure all patrons that they will be treated with consideration, and that all W'Ork performed by him will give perfect satisfaction. H. Letterhaus, Dealer in Beef, Pork, Lamb, Poultry, etc.. Vegetables and fruits in their sea- son. Oysters and Clams, corner Broad Street and Railroad Avenue. — As a representative of our reliable and prosperous mercantile establishments, the provision house of Mr. H. Letterhaus calls for a special recognition among the substantial and enterprising mercantile institutions of Bridge- port. This house was established by its present proprietor in IHISI, and during the comparatively short time since its inception, has l)uilt up a steadily increasing and huMalive trade. The market utilized for the transaction of this busi- ness is located at the corner of Broad street and Railroad avenue, and covers an area of 40x20 feet, and is nicely fitted up with every facility for the handling of all goods and the preserva- tion of perishable articles, and i)resents a neat and attractive ajjpcarance, and we assure the residents of Bridgeport that they will always find here a well selected stock of beef, pork, lamb, mutton, veal, ham, sausages, lard, salt meats, poultry, vegetables and fruits, in their season, also oystei's and clams, canned goods, etc. The retail trade of this house requires the em- ployment of two reliable and exi)erieuced clerks. Mr. H. Letterhaus is a native of Germany, an energetic, popular business man. Wilson F. Green, Suj). Branch Ofiice .Tohn Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company. (il Fair- field Avenue (Warner's Building). — As Super- intendent of the John Hancock jMutual Life Insurance Company for Bridgeport, Mr. Wilson F. Green is conducting a large business in this city, with his ofiice located at No. 61 Fairfield avenue. This well knovvn and reliable company in its efforts to bring into notice the ])rudential feature of insurance, has for years directed the energies of some of its most zealous and cai)able representatives to this end. In thus bringing within reach of thofe dependent upon tlieir dailj'' labor for their daily bread the means to provide a fund for burial and the means of subsistence for those dependent upon them, the .lohn Han- cock has accomplished a beneficent mission. Ably representing the jMudential department of this company in tins field, Mr Green has done much to make known the great benefits of this plan, and to popularize it with tiie wage-workei'S of this section. He is pronq)t, reliable and ac- curate in the dispatch of business, and through him losses are adjusted with promptness. Mr. Green is a Connecticut man by birth, and has firmly established himself in general confi- dence as a business man and citizen. M. Klein & Brother, ISIanufacturers and Dealers of The Star Nickel Plated Steel Crochet Needles, Macrame, Shoe and Glove Hooks, Table and Pocket Cutlery, No. 860 Main Stn et. — An old-established and well known manufac- turing concern of this city is that of ]\I. Klein & Brother, doing business at No. 360 Main street. These gentlemen inaugurated business in 1S54, being engaged at first in the millinery and fancy goods trade. This they carried on up to 1S85, when the}' commenced the indusrtry with which they are at present identified, the manufacture of the well-known Star Nickel-Plated Steel Crochet Needles, Macrame, Shoe and Glove Hooks, etc. The firm carries on a wholesale business in these goods as well as in table and jiocket cutlery, etc., and is well known to jobbei-s and the trade in general for the desirable quality of the articles which thev handle and the extremely low prices at which thev are offered. The firm is made up of Messrs. M. Klein and B. Klein, both of these gentlemen being natives of Germany. They are I well known and respected citizens. 100 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Walter Nichols, Real Estate and Loan Broker, AVarner Building, Corner Fairfield Avenue and Middle Street. — Ainone; the various commercial and mercantile industries that assist in maliing Bridgeport what it is, there is none of more im- portance to the community than real estate and money brokerage business. It is a business re- quiring energy, industry and sound principles. One of the most successful agencies in this city is that of Mr. Walter Nichols, whose eminent fitness for its several branches has gained for him an extensive business. The buying and selling of real estate the loaning of money and auc- tioneering are among the main characteristics of this business. He is also the agent for the extensive real estate interests of Dr. Warner. Mr. Nicholn' success fully attests his proficiency and populari- ty and establishing his reputation for integrity and honorable dealing. As a gentleman he is ac- corded a liigh position in commercial circles. He established his business four years ago and occupies a very attractive office in the Warner building, corner of Fairfield avenue and Middle street. Mr. Nichols is president of the Common Council. He is a gentleman bighly esteemed by all who know him and fully deserves the success he has attained. Farini, Photographer, 61 Fairfield Avenue. — From earliest childhood the career of Mr. L. Farini, the leading photographic artist of Bridge- port, has been most remarkable and his experi- ence would serve as the basis of a most interesting and wonderful romance. Mr. Farini was adopted in infancy bj^ the man whose name he bears, who resided in England. Mr. Farini was famous as the original Lulu, who was shot from a catapult, and who, after arriving at raaturitj^ was exliibited to astonished multitudes in all parts of the world, as the won- der of the age, and for many years his sex was undiscovered, although, perhaps, suspected. Assuming the attire of a man after having relin- quished business as a human projectile, Jlr. Far- ini took up the study of photography and be- came a master artist. He traveled to all parts of the world, taking views of scenes in all quarters of the globe, and coming to this country a few months ago, he established himself in business in this city. His art rooms and studio at 61 Fairfield ave- nue are models of completeness in their appoint- ments, and a visit to the establishment is fraught with the liveliest interest. Here are found views taken in Central Africa and other parts of the world, often at fearful risk. Mr. Farini is a refined and cultured gentleman and a business man of sterling worth, energetic, prompt and reliable. A specialty is made of first-class pictures, from the very smallest to the largest. Life-size work is made wiiich is equal in all respects to the finest craj on potraits. The well known and reliable house of Messrs. Coe & White, established in 1878, has for a period of fourteen years occupied a prominent position in the trade. This house was first es- tablished by Mr. Charles P. Coe, and in 1885 Mr. J. H. White was admitted to the firm, which has since borne the title of Coe &; White. The premises utilized cover an area of 80x50 feet, and consist of a store and basement, affording ample convenience for the accommodation of a large stock and the demands of their growing trade. Every modern appliance for facilitating the handling of goods with despatch is brought into requisition. Employment is given to eight capa- ble clerks, and orders invariabl}'' meet with prompt attention. The firm carries a general line of staple and fancy groceries. The individual members of the firm, Messrs. Charles P. Coe and J. H. White, iire both natives of Madison, and prominently identified with the commercial prosperity of Bridgeport, and are numbered among the most substantial and public-spirited citizens of this community Mr. Coe is the senior partner of Coe & Field, of 422 State street. New Haven. Henry Setzer, Jr., People's Market, Wholesale and Retail, 813 Main Street. — The provision trade of Bridgeport is yearly assuming greater proportions, and she can boast of as many large and enterprising firms in this line as any city in the State. Among them and one which has exhibited marked ability in this direction, is Mr. Henry Setzer, Jr., proprietor of the People's Market, which is one of the finest in the city. Mr. Setzer established his business in 1879, and during the eight years of its existence has built up an extensive trade, wbich is both wholesale and retail; the extent of this business gives em- ployment to six capable clerks. The market is eligibly located and very convenient for the trade, being located at 313 Main st It is 24x90 feet in size, and is well stocked with an elegant supply of meats, canned goods, table delicacies, game, etc., etc. This market is very neat and attiactive and goods are arranged in the most inviting manner. Mr. Setzer enjoys a large retail trade from among the best citizens of Bridgeport. This is due in part to the superiority of the goods car- ried and in part to the prompt filling and de- livery of all orders placed here, as well as the courteous treatment given to patrons. Air. Setzer is an native of New York, an honorable and enterprising business manager, and it is with full confidence that we commend him to the favorable notice of all who read this review. Coe & White, Wholesale and Retail Grocers, 560 and 562 Main Street. — The city of Bridgeport is not behind her sister cities in the extpnt and character of her wholesale and retail grocery trade, and the enterprise which characterizes her representative firms in this branch of commerce is not surpassed in any other American city. Alexander Reid, Dealer in Choice Groceries, Produce B )Uglit, Flour a Specialty No. 476 Main Street.— Probably one of the oldest and best known establishments in the city devoted to the grocery business is that of Alexander Reid. It affords us no little pleasure in recording the vari- ous industries of Bridgeport to mention those firms or individuals in any branch of trade who have achieved prominent positions through the force of natural ability unaided by any influence except those exerted by their own ability and industry. As for instance, the one above mentioned LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 101 which was establishod in 1858 bj" its present pro- prietor, «nd by energy, enterprise and close at- tention to business he has largely increased it with each succeeding year, and today it is one of the oldest liouses in this branch of business in the city. The i)remise8 are commodious and well titled up for the business and cover an area of 24x50 feet, being well stocked with a full line of staple and fancy groceries. The store is located at 476 IMain street and is neat and attractive in appearance and everything sold by this old and time-honored establishment are at prices whicii defy competition and such as will please the most careful buyers. Mr. Reid has the assistance of thoroughly com- petent and reliable clerks who are conversant with all ihe details of this long established re- tail business. Mr. Reid is a native of Scotland and a gentle- man whose standing and reputation may be re- garded of the highest character. John F. Noble, Real Estate and Insurance, 468 Main Street. — One of the most enterprising and energetic veal estate and insurance agents in this city is Mr. John F. Noble, whose office is at No. 468 Maia street. This gentleman began his present business some five years ago, and has worked his way up to his present position by sheer force of energy and perseverance. He is an authority on real estate in Bridgeport and vicinitj', and has control of the leasing and sale of many highlj' desirable pieces of property. In his office may be found very complete lists of such city property as is in the market to rent or sell, and many we^ry steps and much annoj'ance maybe saved by those who are engaged in that absorbing but not particularly exciting or agree- able form of sport known as " house-hunting," if they will give Mr. Noble a call and make their wishes knov^n. He has also excellent facilities for placing large lines of insurance in the soundest companies at lowest rates, among which we would mention the Merchants and the (rreenwich Insurance Company of New York, both of which has been uninterruptedly and suc- cessfully in business for upwards of 50 years. The Greenwich was incorporated under the laws of the State of New York, and on the 1st of January, 1887, had a sworn surplus as regards policy holders of $(>65,811,24. Probably there is no sounder institution of the kind in the country, and as its premium rates are low and its insur- ance sure in deed as in name, it is not surprising that Mr. Noble has issued many policies during his connection with the company. and attractive, and the stock of merchandise is always complete and sulhciently varied to meet all requirements. The wall papers include every stylish, desirable and artistic design and patterns of superior (lualitj', and the best paints, oils, and varnLshes in the market, and prices are uniformly the lowest in the city, quality being considered. Mr. Coughlin employs a force of from twenty to thirty-five skilled painters and pa])er hangers in his business, and has every facility for execut- ing all kinds of house decorating in the most tasteful and satisfactory manner, with dispatch, and tlie reputation of the old house is a sufiicient guarantee of first-class and reliable work. Mr. Coughlin is a thoroughly energetic and responsible business man, and enjoys the univer- sal confidence of patrons and tiie general public. Goodsell, McNeil & Co., General Insurance Agents, 450 Main Street. — This reliable insurance firm have for ten years past conducted the gen- eral agenc}' established in 1857 by Mr. E. B. Goodsell, and from the beginning the concern has deservedly enjoyed a large share of patronage. The offices of Messrs. Goodsell, McNeil & Co. are located at 450 Main street, and representing many of the old and reliable insurance companies of the country, the firm have every facility for their large and steadily growing business. They represent eighteen of the strongest and most reliable companies of America and Great Britain, and in any or all of these time tried and responsible corporations, the firm effect insvu"- ance at lowest rates of premium. Always zeal- ous in protecting the interests of their patrons, and accurate and vigilant in all their engage- ments, these sagacious underwriters have firmly established their agency in general confidence, and are steadily extending their influence. Messrs. N. A. McNeil and S S. Banks com- prise this well-known firm. They are both natives of Bridgeport, and are recognized among the representative, reliable and successful busi- ness men of this thriving, progressive city. Coughlin Bros., Dealers in Wall Papers of Superior Quality and Artistic Design, Paints, Oils, Varnish, 459 Main Street. — A leading mer- ■cantile house in Bridgeport and one which has long commanded the confidence and enjoyed the patronage of the public, is that of Messrs. Coughlin Brothers, dealers in wall papers, paints, oils, etc.. No. 459 Main street. The business was established twenty years ago by the Messrs. Coughlin, and since the death of his partners it has been conducted with gratiiy- ang success by the sole surviving partner, Mr. Patrick Coughlin, under the old firm name. The premises occupied by the firm are large R. E. Whittlesey, Special Traveling Agent, Mutual Benefit Life Company, Office 450 Main Street. — Of all the plans of life insurance as yet devised, there are none which have so generally commended themselves to more general favor than that conceived and adopted by the Mutual Benefit Life Company of Hartford. An examina- tion of the plan establishes beyond (juestion or cavil, that, on the co-operative five-year endow- ment plan of this company, a man at average age can, at ordinary rates of premium, secure in- surance, and if he"^ survives at the end of five years, he will receive liack in cash more money than he has paid, and thus actually securing his insurance for nothing, and proving it to be the best possible investment. Mr. R. E. Whittlesev, who has his office at No. 450 Main street, Bridgeport, has for nine years been connected with this substantial com- pany, and has been eminently successful as special traveling agent. He is a native of this State, and has a wide acquaintance throughout this section, and those desiring insurance on llieir lives would do well to write or consult him as to the superior advantages offered by his company. 302 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. G. O. Hamilton, Druggist, 273 East Main Street. — Perhaps one of the most important busi- ness interests necessary to Ihe good health and welfare of a community, is that of the druggist and apothecary. The most important requisites for the successful operation of this profession is a complete stock in each department and a thor- ough knowledge of the business in all its branches, and the good will and esteem of the community wherein the business is established. Prominent among the druggists possessing these reqiiisites is Mr. G. C. Hamilton, whose establishment is located at 273 East Main street, where he has been located ^ince 1885, and dur- ing that time he has built up a reputation for pure drugs and medicines, careful compounding of prescriptions and attention to the wants of his patrons that has resulted in an annually in- creasing business. The premises occupied consist of a finely ap- pointed store, covering an area of 18x50 ffet, where is displayed a choice assortment of drugs, medicines, chemicals, toilet and fancy articles, and in connection with the goods already men- tioned Mr. Hamilton deals extensively in conlec- tionery, of which he has a choice assortment constantly on hand. Mr. G. C. Hamilton is a native of Bridgeport, and an educated pharmacist of twenty-three years experience, whose intelligent lulfilment of all orders may be confidently relied upon. John H. Reid & Co., Jewelers, 840 Main Street, United Bank Building. — Of the many jewelers of Bridgeport, there is no establishment which bears a higher character among the people of this city, for honest, fair dealing and first- class goods than that of John H. iteid & Co., which is located at 340 Main street. This house was established by its present pro- prietor, Mr. John H. Reid, in 1883, and from its inception has enjoyed a steadily increasing retail trade. The premises comprise a fine and attrac- tive store, which contains an elegant stock of jewelry, watches, clocks, silverwai^e and optical goods. The proprietor and his assistants are courteous and attentive to all patrons. Mr. Reid is an experienced jeweler and gives close personal supervision to all branches of his estab- lishment. A specialty is made of repairing of all kinds, and all work is promptly done and executed in the highest style of the art, and at very reason- able prices. Mr. Reid is a native of Brooklyn, but his long residence in this city, his genial and affable manner, has won for him a host of friends. These qualities, together with the elegant stock of goods carried, combine to make his the favor- ite establishment of this line of trade in Bridge- port. George E. Cleveland, Dealer in Groceries and Meats, 202 State Street. — Among those housf s which have been long and closely identi- fied with the commercial growth of this city, that of George E. Cleveland occupies a conspicu- ous position in which it bids fair to continue. Mr. Cleveland established his grocery and meat business in 1871, and is now the proprietor of one of the most attractive and complete meat markets in Bridgeport. The premises occupied for the transaction of the business comprise a^ finely arranged store, 24x60 feet in size, located at 202 State street, where a complete assortment of choice goods may be found, including in the grocery department the best brands of flour, teas,, coffees, sugar, spices, etc., relishes and condi- ments. ]n the provision department, a full line of meats, etc., that are guaianteed to be as fresh and pure as can be obtained in the State. The large trade of this house necessitates the employ- ment of three clerks who are thoroughly con- versant with the business in all its branches. Mr. Cleveland is a native of New York, but his long residence among us and his sixteen years of business experience has gained him the confidence and highest esteem of the citizens of Bridgeport. He is an efiicient manager and much is due to his energy and push for the enviable reputation his house has attained in. this city. Theodore Fox, Tin, Sheet Iron and Copper Worker, and Dealer in Heaters, Furnaces, etc., 193 State Street. — No account of Bridgeport's industries would be complete without contain- ing at least some mention of the enterprise of Theo. Fox at No. 193 State street which must rank with any of its contemporaries in the city. This house was founded in 1881 by Mr Fox,, whose business has been successfully conducted for the past six years and whose reputation has been so well established as to place it among the representative houses in that line of business. Mr. Theodore Fox is an experienced and practi- cal tin, sheet-iron and copper worker, all orders being neatly and promptly executed liy skilled hands of whom five are employed. He is also an extensive dealer in heaters, furnaces and plumbers' supplies of all kinds, and his prices will be found as reasonable as any dealer in the city. It requires a store 18x50 -feet in dimensions ta handle the varied stock carried. A large local trade is done which is annually increasing. Mr. Fox is a practical gentleman capable of i:»leasing the public in this line of business, and the suc- cess which has attended it has been as well earned as it is richly merited. E. J. Cram, House Furnishing Goods, New and Second-Haud, 174 State Street. — One of the most necessary lines of trade engaged in, and one whose goods are in constant demand is that of the dealer in house furnishing goods. One of the most complete establishments of this kind in Bridgeport is that conducted by E. J. Cram, who engaged in this business in 1882, and from the inception has manifested marked business ability and has been successful in building up a prosperous business, which necessitates the oc- cupancy of a large double store covering an area of 40x60 feet in dimensions, located at 174 State street, where a large stock of new and second- hand furniture many be found, consisting of every description of house furnishing goods, all styles and makes of furniture, also carpets, bed- ding, etc. The extent of this business requires the as- sistance of three courteous and competent clerks. LEADTNO BUSTKESS MEN OF BRIDGEPOItT. 103 and patrons are assured of roceivinji: prompt gen- tlemanly attention ■while dealing witii this house. Mr. E. .1. Cram is a native of New Hampshire, a thoroughly competent and practical man of lousiness to which he devotes his personal atten- tion. We invite the attention of our citizens who are desirous of obtaining old and anticjue pieces of furniture, as they cannot fail to obtain whattiiey desire from among his large and varied stock of goods. William H. Banks, Dealer in Meats, Hams, Sausage, Spare Ribs, Vegetables, etc., No. 502 Main Street. — This business enterprise of Wil- liam H. Banks comprises one of the most com- plete markets to be found in Bridgeport. It is ■eligibly located at 503 Main street and covers an area of 24x40 feet in dimensions and is well stocked with a choice selection of meats and vegetables. He sells a large quantity and at very reasonable prices, therefore his stock is constant- ly being replenished, and consequently is fresh and of the best quality. This market is well adapted for the business, being fitted up with the most improved facilities for conducting the •extensive retail trade. The line of mea's handled consists of beef, mut ton, hams, spare ribs, sausage, etc., also a full line of vegetables in their season. Mr. Banks has cold storage rooms for the preservation of all perishable goods and tlie management o£ this market will be found to be excellent. This bus- iness was established in 1879 by Mr. Jas. Boyle and successfully conducted by him until 1884. when the present proprietor assumed control and during his management he has succeeded in greatly extending the trade, which now requires the assistance of three clerks. All orders are promptly attended to and delivered to all parts •of the city. Mr. Banks by his energetic and loyal business qualities displayed, has won a high reputation in the community. Geo. Seltsam, Practical Steam Job Printer, 90 ^fiddle Street. — One of the most gratifying evi- dences of the increase of correct artistic taste among all classes of society is the great attention that is now paid in the beautiful designs in the way of job printing of every description. Our productions in this line are not surpassed by those of any other country in the world, and ■every year this gratifying feature becomes more marked. One of the leading houses in Bridgeport en- gaged in this artistic branch of industry is that •of Mr. Geo. Seltsam, wdiich was established in 1885, by Messrs. Peabody & Seltsam, and con- ducted under that title until 1887, when Mr. ") East Main Street. — Among the very recently established business enterprises of East Bridgeport and one that deserves special mention in a work of this kind, is the store of Mr. John Schleichert, dealer in choice meats, vegetables, etc. This enterprise was established February, 1887, and consists of a very attractive market, which is finely stocked and fitted up with every facility for the conduct of the busi- ness. The premises utilized for the business are 24 by 40 feet in size, and located at 2:35 East Main street. Mr. Schleichert has opened this market with a determination to succeed by fair and honorable business dealings, and this busi- ness polic}' continued will increase the already large retail trade, which has assumed such pro- portions as to be exceedingly encouraging to tiie enterprising proprietor. Employment is given to a very capable clerk, and all orders are promptly attended to aud de- livered to all parts of the city. The stock handled comprises a choice selection of meats of all kinds, also clams, oysters, veget- ables, eggs, butter, etc., which will be sold at the lowest market prices. We commend this neat and attractive market to the citizens dI J-^ast Bridgeport, and hope they will give a good share of their patronage. .Mr. John Schleichert is a native of Ciermany, a young and energetic busi- ness man, whose native ability and perseverance are sure to win for him a prosperous future. Edward Toucey, 17") East Washington Ave- nue, Dealer in Drugs, Medicines, etc., etc. — An old-established and reliable city drug store is that conducted oy Mr. Edward Toucey, at No. 175 East Washington avenue. It was established twenty years ago by Curtis it Co., who were succeeded by the present proprietor nineteen years since. The store is 18x40 feet in dimensions and con- tains a large and excellently selected stock of drugs, medicines, fancy and toilet articles, etc. A large business is done, as this store is a favor- ite with nuiny of the old residents of Bridgeport b}' reason of the integrity aud enterprise which have always characterized its management, and the uniformly reliable and excellent nature of the various goods dealt in. On account of his long and varied experience, Mr. I'oucey is peculiarly well-fitted to satisfac- torily attend to prescription trade, and the large amount of business he does in this line shows how well tins fact is appreciated by the public. Great care and many precautions are exercised in the filling of such orders, and the admirable system in use seems to render any mistake almost an impossibility. A full stock of the various popular patent medicines is carried, and the line of toilet articles will be found to comprise all the standard and fashionable goods of tiie kind. F. Sailer & Son, Wholesale Liquor Dealers, 13 ajul 17 Bank, 20 and 24 State Streets. — In point of magnitude of business done, and re- liability of pure goods furnished the public, no house in its line in the city is superior to F. Sailer & Son. Thej' are importers and "whole- sale dealers in foreign and domestic wines, brandies, gins, chjtmpagnes, whiskies, etc. Tliey make a specialty of all the finest brands, w'hich they offer to the public at exceedingly low prices. Their trade is very extensive and extends throughout a large territory. The business was established in 1807 by 3Ir. Sailer, the senior member of the firm, and in 1876 his son, William Sailer, was admitted as partner. The premises occupied for the business are located at Nos. 1:3- 17 Bank and 20-24 State streets, and consist of one floor 120x90 feet in dimensions, giving ample accommodations for the large stock carried and the exiensive business done. Six find employ- ment in this representative house and are fully experienced in their several lines. The house has not only a name for carrying the most com- plete stock to select from, but also of giving fair representation of their goods, which is well at- tested by years of experience with the people of Bridgeport and surrounding places. Mr. F. Sailer is a native of Stuttgart, Germany, while his son, Air. William Sailer, was born in Bridge- port. They are both highly esteemed residents, and the business policy upon which their house has been conducted is one of liberal and fair dealing. 106 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Chas. J. Bryne, JMauufacturer of and Dealer in Fine Boots and Shoes, 466 Main Street. — Tliis important enterprise was established nine years ago by the present proprietor, Chas. J. Bryne, and is located at No. 466 Main street. The store covers an area of 24x50 feet, where may be found a large stock of boots and shoes for ladies, gentlemen, misses and children. The quality of the goods gives unexceptionable satisfaction among his many patrons, and all goods are found at reasonable prices and to be exactly as represented. A specially is made of line custom work and repairing. In tbis line he has been very successful and has secured the custom of such representative men of the city as Mr. P. 'J'. Barnum, Mr. N. Wheeler, president Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Company, Mr. William D. Bishop, Mr. Henry Sandford, superintendent Adams Express Company, Dr. H. R. Hubbard, and a great many others that we could name if time and space would permit, and in this direc- tion his trade is said to be tlie largest of any in the city. He makes a specialty of cripples' shoes and commands a trade in this line from different parts of the State. Also carries a fine line of rubber goods which find a ready demand throughout the city. We commend this house to our many readers as it justly deserves their patronage, and we feel assured that in every case they will not only find the goods marked at the lowest cash prices but will also feel satisfied with the quality and wear of them. Mr. Byrne is a gentleman of energy and ability and thoroughly experienced in all the details of his trade. viewf, etc., also instantaneous work of animals of all kinds. Mr. Bronson employs five able and experienced assistants, and does a very extensive business throughout this section. His work will always be found of excellent character, for whieli most reasonable prices prevail. Being very anxious to please all patrons, none ever leave his studio without a feeling of satisfaction. Mr. Bronson, owing to his long experience, can guarantee a first class likeness. His native place is New Milford, Connecticut, though he has been a resident of this city for many years. He is highly esteemed by all who know him and his list of business and social friends is very large. F. S. Hunt & Co., Boston 99-Cent Store, 441 Main Street. — The Boston 99-Cent Store, located at No. 441 Main street occupies a position among the representative business houses of this city. This is one of the largest and most complete es- tablishments of the kind in the city and carries a reliable stock of goods, embracing a large variety of paintings, art novelties, fancy articles, toys, games, and hundreds of other things which our limited space will not admit of mention. The store occupied is 20x90 feet in dimensions and is divided into several departments for the different kinds of goods. Altogether the store is one of the finest in the city and the Messrs. Hunt conduct their business on a high plane of honor with fair representation of all goods, and one price, that the very lowest. The Messrs. Hunt established this business fourteen years ago and have conducted it from the start in a highly satisfactory manner, both to themselves and their patrons. Bronson's Photograph Gallery, 407 Main Street, Photographic Work of all Kinds at rea- sonable prices; Specialty made of Viewing, and Instantaneous Work of Animals of all Kinds. — One of Bridgeport's most complete and reliable photograph galleries is that of Mr. C. R. Bron- son, located at No. 407 Main street, where he occupies one floor, 93x25 feet in area, admirably fitted up and arranged for his business. Mr. Bronson established this business in 1867, and has had a long and prosperous career. Photographic work of every description is exe- cuted by him, a specialty being made of taking Dr. 33. S. Warnes, Dentist, 420 Main Street.— Among Bridgeport's most reliable and thorough- ly experienced dentists we would call attention to Dr. E. S. Warnes, whose parlors are located at 420 Main street, where they occupy one floor 50x25 feet in dimensions, divided into the recep- tion and operating rooms, etc. Dr. E. S. Warnes establii^hed his business originally in Utica. New York, in 1881, remov- ing to this city in 1885, and has succeeded in assum- ing one of the leading positions among the den- tists in Bridgeport. Dr. Warnes is ably assisted by Dr. F. A. Warnes, besides two other capable dentists. These gentlemen are prepared to exe- cute all branches of dentistry, extracting, filling, cleaning, etc., also making of artificial teeth. Their charges will be found very reasonable and their work first-class in every respect. Dr. E. S. Warnes is a native of Utica, New York, and has during his residence in Bridgeport not only enjoyed a large patronage, but has also- made a large number of friends by whom he is highly and justly esteemed. We assure our readers that should they give Dr. Warnes a trial they will find him thoroughly experienced and a, gentleman who tries his utmost to do his duty by all. P. J. Reitter, Dealer in Mea's of all kinds,, corner North Washington Avenue and Maia Street. — Prominent among the meat markets in. this city is that of Mr. P. .1. Reitter, located at the corner of North WashiDirtou avenue and Main street. It has been e.>-tablished for many- years but has only been under the present man- agement since 1886. Mr. Reitter's market will always be found neat and attractive, and well stocked with the choicest variety of meats of all kinds, at the most reasonable prices; beef, mut- ton, veal, pork, lamb, etc The premises occu- pied consist of a fine store 25x20 feet in dimen- sions, admirably arranged and eligibly located for the business transacted. Several polite and attentive assistants are employed who wait upon cu.stomers in an intelligent and attentive manner. Goods ai'e delivered promptly and carefully, and will always be found as represented. Mr. Reit- ter is a native of New Rochelle, N. Y.. and is- well and favorably known throughout Bridge- port. We commend this establishment to the attention of all, as it is one deserving of their patronage in every respect, not only as regards prices but also fine quality of goods, and polite and courteous treatment. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BlUDOEPOUT. 10' Ferguson & Peet, Manufacturers, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Furniture and Carpets; Warerooms 24 Fairfield Avenue. — In the furni- ture and carpet trade of Bridffejiort are to l)e found not a few old-established houses worthy of specific reference in this volume among the most extensive of which is that carried on under the firm name of Ferguson & Peet, at No. 24 Fair- held avenue. This house was established eighteen years ago by K. B. Stiles, succeeded by the present lirm about two years ago. They occupy five floors at the above address, 24x70 feet in dimensions, where can be found everything necessary in fur- niture and carpets, l)Oth of fine and medium grades; all at the lowtst possible prices. Our space will not admit of our mentioning all the goods to be found at this establishment but it is fair to pronounce it as one of the largest and best managed concerns in its line in Bridgeport. A very active trade is done l)oth wholesale and retail throughout the city and vicinity. The individual members of the firm'are Messrs. W. S. Ferguson, G. C. Peet and E. W. Peet, the former a native of Virginia and the two latter of Connecticut. Eight persons are employed at this store in the various capacities of salesmen, clerks and assistants, w4io are happy to furnish any in- formation concerning the business that may be desired. The members of the firm are young gentlemen so thoroughly experienced in their business as to need no personal comments at our hands. We may be pardoned however for saying in conclusion that the standing and reputation achieved by this firm is such as to warrant the entire confidence of those with whom it has bus- iness relations and entitles it to the consideration of the entire community. Daniel W. Jones, Real Estate and Insurance, Room 7, 407 Main Street — Connecticut is uni- versally known as a most pushing and enterpris- ing State and her business men are conceded to be the equals, both as regards liberal dealing and shrewd investments, of those of any other State in the Union, and particularly is this true of those engaged in the insurance business of which Connecticut is acknowledged to be the headquarters. Bridgeport boasts many insurance and real es- tate agencies but none that bears a higher reputa- tion for strict integrity and watchful care of its patrons' interests than that conducted by ]Mr. Daniel W. Jones at Room 7, 407 Main street. This gentleman began business in 1882 as a real estate and insurance broker and has established a most desirable connection by dint of unremit- ting industry and application. He is a native of this city in which he holds a commission as constable. Although carrying on a general real estate and insurance business, i\Ir. Jones makes a specialty of a comparatively new enterprise, known as "live stock" insurance. He represents the Live Stock Owners' Mutual Bene- fit Association of Connecticut, an organiza- tion which is prepared to insure horses in amounts varying from $100 to !|oOO. The asso- ciation is purel}"^ mutual and members are only required to pay actual losses and a quarterly due of one per cent. Oscar Hutchinson, People's Tailor, ;}40 Main Street. — Witii a thorough knowledge of the busi- ness and having a(;(piired the reputation of ex- pert as cutter of fashionable male attire. Mr. Oscar Hutchinson lias established at No. 340 Main street in the United Bank Building, what is now one of the most popular custom tailoring establishments of this city. Tins house occupies for stock and cutting departments, the first floor of the building at the above address which is spacious, covering an area of 20x70 feet and is doubtless equal in every appointment and finish to any other house in this line in Bridgeport and is well arranged for the display of stock and con- venience in handling. The line of goods carried is such as to meet the wants of the most fastidi- ous and fashionable as well as tiie extremely plain or most ultra of patrons, and from this they are aptly called "People's Tailors." A business is transacted that keeps in employment several of the best custom tailors to be found. The stock of fine woolens, both foreign and domestic, shown bj' Mr. Hutchinson has tew counterparts in the city and it embraces all the latest navel- ties in cassimeres, suitings, etc., besides a full line of the most fashionable collars, cuffs and neckwear is kept constantly on hand. The busi- ness was established by Mr. Hutchinson three years ago. He is a native of New Hampshire and is a practical man at the business and has acfiuiied a well deserved reputation for sedulous attention to business, liberality in all dealings and care in the fit and fashion of garments, which qualities have had much to do with the success attained and the present prominence of the house. Geo. B. Edmonds, Practical Optician, 318 jNIain Street. — There are few industries conducted that are of more real benefit to the human family than that of the optician, and prominent among this line of trade in Bridgeport is the establish- ment of Mr. Geo. B. Edmonds. The eminent success which has attended his efforts is a suffi- cient evidence of his thorough adaptation to this line of business. The premises occupied are situated at 318 Main street, and comprise a finely arranged store measuring 15x20 feet in size, containing one of the most complete stocks of optical goods to be found in the city of Bridge- port. This house was established in 1878 by its present proprietor, who is a practical optician, and thoroughly understands the quality and uses of the valuable line of goods handled, which consist of opera glasses, eye-glasses, spectacles, microscopes, etc., which are guaranteed to be of the finest grade. These can be obtained at this establishment at most reasonable prices. Mr. Edmonds is a native of j\Iassachusetts, a genial gentleman and an expert optician. AH persons dealing with him will find him an honest and capable business man, one who is always willing to work for the interests of his patrons, who are assured that their best interests will be conserved in every possible manner. ]\Ir. Edmonds is a member of the Odd Fellows and also represents the First Ward as alderman, and was a member of the Common Council in 1886. 108 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. L. B. Vaill, Dealer in Choice Family Grocer- ies and Provisions, Dry Goods, Hosiery, Gent's Underwear etc., Flour, Feed and Grain, corner of Barnum audSeaview Avenues, West Stratford. — The importance of the grocery and provision trade cannot be over estimated for it is truly one of the most prominent industries, engaging the atten- tion of a large number of firms and individuals and employing labor and capital to a marked degree. Though thousands of tons of these commodities are sold each year, there is no per- ceptible diminution in the demand for first-class goods. Among the many houses devoted to the above-named line of business in West Stratford, that of Mr. L. B. Vaill occupies an honorable position. This house was established seventeen years ago by its present proprietor. The premises utilized are located at the corner of Barnum and Seaview avenues and consist of a store 80x80 feet in dimensions, which is well stocked with choice family groceries and provisions, meats and vege- tables, one of the best assortments to be obtain- ed in this section, also flour, feed and grain. In addition to the above-named line of goods Mr. Vaill carries a fine assortment of glass, paints, oils, drugs and patent medicines, dry goods, hosiery, gents' underwear, etc. The drug de- partment is presided over by Mr. Edward Ensign an experienced pharmacist. The large retail trade of this house requires the services of three capable assistants. Mr. Vaill is a practical and energetic business man and high- ly respected citizen, holding the position of post- master of West Stratford. J. L. Harlem, Fine Tailoring, Dealer in Woolens and Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods, 98 State Street, Franklin Block. — Among the most conspicuous establishments of this character in this city is the house of J. L. Harlem, located at No. 98 State street in the well-known Franklin Block, which has attained a position in the pub- lic estimation that speaks in the strongest terms of the enterprise with which it is conducted. The business was established by the present proprietor nine years ago, and the premises oc- cupied cover an area of 24x70 feet, where can be seen at all times one of the largest and best selected stocks of foreign and domestic fabrics for gentlemen's wear, embracing suitings, broad- cloths, cassimeres, cheviots, woolens, etc. Also a full and well-selected assortment of gentle- men's furnishing goods, including cuffs, collars, suspenders, neckwear, underwear, hosiery, etc. The facilities enjoyed by Mr. Harlem enables him to supply the wants of his patrons with the very best of goods at the lowest prices. Ten experienced hands are employed and a large custom trade is done throughout the city and its suburbs. All garments leaving this store are of first-class fit and latest style, and sat- isfaction is guaranteed as to workmanship, etc. We know of no tailors in this city whom we can commend in higher terms and we feel assured all of our readers who give him a trial will be- come his permanent patrons. Mr. Harlem carries a full line of the Fairfield Rubber Co.'s goods which are warranted first- class in every respect. These are offered at manufacturer's prices. J. S. Phalen, Dealer in Fine Groceries and Provisions, Liquor, Ale, Beer, etc., corner Bar- num and Seaview Avenues, West Stratford. — Among those concerned in the above-named bus- iness the house of J. S. Phalen occupies an im- portant position. This house was established on East Main street in 1878 by J. S. Phalen and conducted by him until 1883, when Mr. Dunn was admitted as partner and the business was conducted under the title of Phalen & Dunn until 1886, when Mr. Phalen again assumed full control. The premises occupied comprise two floors of the building, each 30x45 feet in dimensions, located at the corner of Barnum and Seaview avenues. The business of the house is devoted to the retail trade in flour, feed, hay and straw, fine staple and fancy groceries, provisions, fruits and vegetables of all kinds, also a fine line ot choice ales, wines, liquors and cigars. The services of three capable clerks are utilized in the management of this business and itsdetails are most faithfully executed. Mr. Phalen is well and favorably known in this community and holds the office of tax collector of Stratford. In connection with his other business Mr. Phalen has a well appointed livery and sale stable, where teams may be procured at reason- able prices for business or pleasure driving. S. Seller, Dealer in Sheet Music and Musical Merchandise, 528 Main Street. — Among the busi- ness houses of comparatively recent establish- ment, located in this city, and one which we are desirous of bringing before the notice of our readers is the establishment of Mr. S. Seller, dealer in sheet music, books and musical mer- chandise. He commenced business in Bridgeport in 1884, and for the past two years has been located at 528 Main street. The premises occupied by him comprise a store 20x40 feet in dimensions, where is attractively displayed the large and varied stock of merchandise dealt in. Mr. Seller deals in stationery of all kinds, in addition to sheet music, of which he carries a full and complete stock. During the past year Mr. Seller has added to his already varied stock a line of hats and caps, which comprise the newest and most fashionable styles. The retail trade of this house requires the assistance of a very capable cleik, who is thoroughly conversant with all the new and popular publications of the day, and all orders are promptly executed. Mr. Seller is a practical business man, and personally superintends the management of his business. Robert A. Nichols, Dealer in Groceries and Provisions, Vegetables and Fruits, No. 235 Fairfield Avenue. — Conspicuous among the grocery and provision stores in this city we would call the attention of our readers to that so ably conducted by Robt. A. Nichols, successor to J. Jacoby & Brother, and located at 285 Fairfield avenue, and 164 Cannon street. This business was established bj'^ Henry Jacoby some fifteen years ago. succeeded by the present proprietor in j\Iay, 1887. Everything in the line of choice family groceries will be found at this establishment, including choice grades of tea. LEADTNG BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Hl» coffee, spices, siisar. flour, canned goods, etc. ; also vegetables of all kinds. The store occupied is 20x70 feet in dimensions, and is neatly kept. Polite and attentive attend- ants are on hand who wait upon customers in a promp" and intelligent manner, all goods being promptly and carefully delivered to residences free of charge. The facilities enjoj-ed by this lirm lor obtain- ing fresh and desirable goods ;ire unsurpassed, and "we feel confident that all giving this store their patronage will feel satisfied that they will obtain a full equivalent for their money. Air. Nichols, the present proprietor, is a native of Bridgeport, and well and favorably known throughout the community. We commend this housi' to the attention of our readers, as they will find the goods first-class and prices low. The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., Im- porters and Retailers in Teas and ColYees, T. Greening, ]\[anager, 290 3Iaiu Street. — Too much consideration cannot be given to that business which caters to the daily wants of the inhabi- tants. With our advancing civilization and cul- tivation of taste the people exact that a store be attractive and the stock conveniently displayed for inspection as to quality and effect and these demands are i)romptl}' met by enterprising deal- ers. Among such in Bridgeport none liave at- tained greater success within the period of its ex- istence than the branch house of the great At- lantic & Pacific Tea Co., located at 290 Main street. This branch was established in 187.") and since its inception has been under the skillful manage- ment of Mr. T. Greening. The premises utilized by this company cover an area of 30x66 feet, where is carried an im- mense stock of the best importations in teas and coffees. The extensive wholesale and retail trade requires the services of five experienced assistants. 'i'he principal warehouse is located at 35 and 37 Vesey street. New York city. This house is only one of two hundred retail branch liouses located in different portions of the United States and receives all its supplies direct from the prin- cipal importing house and advantages thus deriv- ed are promptly shared ■with customers. Mr. Greening is too well known to require personal mention at our hand, but in conclusion we feel at liberty to saj^ that the city of Bridgeport is greatly indebted to him for one of its most com plete establishments. Chas. A. Youngs, Dealer in Choice Groceries and Provisions, Teas, Coffee, Spices, etc., 161 South Avenue. — Among the important lines of business for which Bridgeport has become re- nowned that of the grocery and provision indus- try is entitled to a prominent position. The fine quality offered at Bridgeport is generally recog- nized in the trade. Among those houses which have been recently established is that of Mr. Chas. A. Youngs, which was first started in 1882 by the present proprietor. The premises utilized are 40x30 feet in dimen- sions and are located at 161 South avenue. The energies of the house are devoted to the grocerj'^ and provision busmess. The stock embraces a first-class line of fine staple and fancy groceries. teas, coffees, spices, etc. 'j'he trade of thishouse gives ein])l()yment to three very capable assistants. Mr. Clias. A. Youngs is a native of Brid^^eport and luactically familiar with all the details of the l)usiness and is in every way a thorough and skillful business manager. He is well-known in social as well as business circles; he is lii)rarian of the First Presbyterian ciiurch and a member of the Odd Fellows. B. Lill, Meat, Vegetable and Poidtry Market. 164 State Street. — As pursuing an important branch of trade the house of Mr. B. Lill may nr)t be overlooked in a work of this kind. Mr. Lill established this business over twenty- five years ago and the success he has attained "in his enterprise is too well known for us to d\v. 11 upon. He occupies a store 20x70 feet in dimen- sions located centrally and eligibly at No. 164 State street, and it is well stocked with choice meats, vegetables and poultry. All wishing to find a reliable market wdiere they can obtain fresh and tender meats will find one at this loca- tion. Beef, mutton, lamb, veal, pork, ham, etc.. of the best in the city at the lowest market prices may be obtained. He keeps his store in first- class order, his goods arranged so as make the finest display, and Mr. Lill has altogether one of the most attractive markets in the city. Three assistants are at hand to wait upon cus- tomers and all orders are carefully and projnj^tly delivered. Mr. Lill's market is fully equipijcd with all the most modern appliances for the proper care and storage of meats, etc., refrigera- tors of the most approved plans, etc. He is of German descent but his long residence in this city has enabled him to make many warm friends. His business in all its departments is conducted upon principles of pure mercantile integrity and it is on these merits that the credit, reputation and confidence of the house rests. Paul Hercher, Artist, Boom 7, Warner Building. — It is oftentimes a puzzling question, especially among those of moderate means, to determine what would best serve to ornament and enliven the home. Expensive bric-a-brac and landscapes in oil, etc., are quite out of the reach of tlie majority of the people, but yet pictures of some kind are a necessity, if a real homelike effect is to be obtained. AVhat more completely combines the virtues of a keep sake and an ornament than does a portrait of a dear relative or a tried friend? No oV)jection can be made on account of the high cost of such a pic- ture, for, as a call on Mr. Paul Hercher, the well-known artist at Room 7 AYarner Building, will demonstrate, excellent and life-like por- traits are to be had at very low rates; and, aside from their faithful likenesses, their fine finish makes them ornaments to any room in which they may be placed. Mr. Hercher has a fine studio at the address given and although he has recently established himself in this city, he has already executed numerous commissions in a most satisfactory manner. He makes all kinds of portraits and general crayon, oil and India ink work, and may always be depended on to earnestlj' strive to suit his customers. The prices charged are very reasonable, and all orders are promptly executed. 110 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDOEPORT. Edmund H. Hvird, Dealer in Groceries, Pro- visions Fruits, etc., corner Harriet Street and Crescent Avenue, E. D.-Of the general business of Bridgeport, the grocery and provision trade , forms a very important part; many enterprising houses are engaged in it. Among these we are pleased to mention for the benefit of our readers both in and out of the city, the house of Edmund H Hurd, located at the corner of Harriet street and Crescent avenue. East Bridgeport. He conducts one of the neatest stores iii the city, which is fully supplied with a well selected stock of first class groceries, provisions, fruits, etc. This house was first established by Lines ct Hurd in 1870 and after ten years of prosperity Mr. Hurd assumed full control, and for the last seven years the business has been conducted under the title of Edmund H. Hurd, who has been very successful in conducting a large letail trade which requires the assistance of iwo capable and reliable clerks. The store occupied is 24x60 feet in size and contains a nice stock of groceries, provisions, fruits, etc., embracing the best brands of flour, sugar, teas, coflees, spices, _ vege- tables and fruit in their season, also a choice as- sortment of meats of all kinds. This store can- not be surpassed in the city for quantity, quality and variety of goods, while his prices are guar- anteed to be entirely satisfactory to all who deal with him. Mr. Hurd has an established reputa- tion for fair and honorable dealings. We can commend our readers to no better house in Bridgeport at which to purchase first-class sup- plies. J S. Wooster &, Co., Dealers in Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, Oil Cloths and Paper Hang- ings 177 East Washington Avenue —As a dry goods house occupying a deservedly high rank amoncr the representative mercantile esiablish- ments°of East Bridgeport, the house of J b. Wooster ic Co., located at 177 East Washington avenue demands more than a passing notice. This house was established in I860, first by Wooster & Morris, succeeded by Wooster & Bishop and later by David Wooster. In 18db Mr J S Wooster, the present proprietor, under the firm name of J. S. Wooster & Co., assumed control since which date, by honest endeavors and fair conduct its trade has steadily increased until to day it ranks among the most reliable and enterprising houses in the city. The store occu- pied for the business is 18x70 feet in dimen- sions and well stocked with a fine line of staple and fancy dry goods, etc. The extensive retail trade of this house necessitates the emiiloynient of two competent clerks, who thoroughly under- stand the business in all its branches. Mr. Wooster is a practical business man who gives close personal attention to the buying and replen- ishing- of his large and varied line of goods, which include in addition to the full assortment of dry o-oods, a fine and well selected stock of oil cloths, paper hangings and window shades. Mr J. S. Wooster is a native of Connecticut, whose long connection with the business and acquaintance with the wants of the people, enable him at all times to keep on hand goods that are seasonable and popular, and we ear nestly solicit the interest of our readers in his behalf. Timothy Cornwell, Manufacturer and Dealer in Tin Copper and Sheet-Ironware; Roofing and Plumbing, 321 East Main Street, near East Washington Avenue.— Among the prominent business men in Biidgeport who are engaged in this business is Mr. Timothy Cornwell a thorougli master mechanic, who not only under- stands his business in all its details and require- ments but is also capable of doing skillfully, any- thing in his line of business. This house was established in 1866 by its pres- ent proprietor and is located at 321 East Main street. The store covers an area of 30x40 feet is well stocked with a complete assortment of tin copper and sheet-ironware, gas fixtures, etc.. and in connection with the manufacture and retail trade in the above-mentioned goods Mr. Cornwell carries on an extensive trade m the roofing and plumbing business. All work under- taken by him receives careful personal inspection which is a sufficient guarantee of its excellence His extensive trade requires the employment of four experienced assistants, and all orders are executed with promptness and dispatch. His prices are as reasonable as any to be obtained in the city. ^. . , t Mr Timothy Cornwell is a native of JNew York but his long residence in this city, together with his twenty-one years of business experience render his house a most advantageous one with which to deal, and we are pleased to note that he eniovs a large and constantly increasing patron- •'•',■•, '-■ 1 .i„ .„«..;t^,/l Kir foil- ilpsilincrs age. which is justly merited by tair dealings, good work, and reasonable prices West End Floral Gardens, Plants and Cut Flowers at Wholesale and Retail, Corner Clinton Avenue 'and State Street; General Office, Conn. Bank Building, Mr. C. E. Keith, Manager.— It is with genuine pleasure, and personal appreciation of floriculture that we call the attention of our readers to the West End Floral Gardens, which are situated at the corner of Clinton avenue and State street, the general office being located m Connecticut National Bank Building, corner Wall and Main streets. These gardens are owned and established by Mr E C. Bassick, who has been fortunate enough to secure Mr. C. E. Keith as manager. This "gentleman is an enthusiastic lover of his profession, and takes the utmost pleasure in annually enriching and enlarging by tresh acces- sions his already large and promising variety ot plants The West Eud Gardens do a large busi- ness in house and bedding plants, bulbs, fruit and ornamental trees, also plants and cut flowers at wholesale and retail. At these extensive o-reenhouses mav always be obtained the choicest Selections of cut flowers, roses, etc., also every description and design in floral decorations tor funerals, weddings, parties, etc., comprising wreaths, crosses, crowns, anchors, pillows, medallions, etc. Mr Keith gives close personal attention to every department of this large and extensive business. He is a native of Connecticut, a sci- entific and artistic florist, who by close attention and application has succeeded in gaining a wide- spread and enviable reputation throughout the State. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIJX: !ast Main street, where he has built up a flourishing retail trade. Mr. Hall has earned his wide sjiread reputation by the excel- lence of the goods he deals in and tlie prompt and accurate manner in which all orders are filled. The premises occupied for the business consist of a finely appointed store 18x50 feet in dimen- sions, where will be found a full and complete stock of pure drugs and medicines, also a choice selection of elegant fancy and toilet articles such as combs, brushes, sponges, .soaps, perfumery, etc., and in connection with the above-named articles Mr. Hall carries a fine and choice line of licjuors, etc., for medical uses, and a full line of druggists' sundries. He also deals extensively in fine imported and domestic cigars. The retail trade of this house gives employment to two very capable clerks, and the details of this busi- ness are most efficiently handled. Mr. Hall, who is a most reliable pharmacist, gives personal supervision to the compounding of physicians' prescriiitions and all medicines are most carefully prejiared. ]\Ir. Hall is a genial and well informed gentleman, highly es- teemed and possessing a full share of the confi- dence of the community. Henry Woodhull, Dealer in Staple and Fancy Groceries, JNIain Street and Si)nth Avenue. — It is almost an invariable rule that in all great centers of business there are certain houses in each line of trade that stand pre-eminent and have b)"- close attention to the wants of their customers a thorough knowledge of the business, and pur- chasing goods direct from first hands, built up a trade that goes ahead of that of many of their contemporaries. Such an establishment in this citv is the grocery store of Mr. Henry Woodhull. This house was founded many years ago by a Mr. Alfred H. Bobbins, and later conducted by W. E. Mclutire, who was succeeded in 1884 by the present proprietor and ever since has been the center of a first-class trade which, both in ex- tent and quality, has few% if any successful rivals in Bridgeport. The premises occupied for the business are located at the corner of JMaiu street and South avenue, and comprise a store 24x70 feet in dimensions, where is to be found a full and choice assortment of staple and fancy groceries which embraces everything usually handled by a first class house in "this line of trade, and are guaranteed to be the best goods to be obtained in the market. Constant employment is given to two capable clerks and all orders are prompt- ly attended to and delivered to all parts of tiie city free of charge. Mr. Henry Woodhull is a native of Long Island. His high personal character is a suffi- cient guarantee of the substantial and reliable manner in which all business is transacted, while the ability exhibited by him in successfully con- ducting his large and growing retail trade must ! continue to assure him a liberal patronage. 112 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Bridgeport Paper Box Co , Maimfiictuiers of Paper Boxes, and dealers iu Paper and Twine, 7C Middle Street. — One of the most curious as well as one of the most useful manufactured products of the present day is paper. It enters so largely into every-day use that it is difficult to see how we could dispense with it at all, and a sudden stoppage or even a serious curtailment of its pro- duction would inevitably cause much inconveni- ence and even distress. The uses of paper are as various and different as they are important, for not only is it consumed for the purposes with which all are familiar, but paper car-wheels, paper boats and paper images are now made in the ordinary course of trade. One of the best- known uses of paper is in the form of paper boxes, which by the aid of improved machinery are now manufactured and sold at marvelously low prices. One of the largest factories in New England devoted to this industry is that of the Bridgeport Paper Box Co., located at No. 76 Middle street. Three floors are occupied of the dimensions of 60x30 feet, and 150 hands are em- ployed. The company began business about eleveu years ago, so that its present enormous business has been built up in a remarkably short time. The concern is made up of Messrs. E. N. White and E. W. Smith, both these gentlemen being natives of Waterbury. In addition to paper boxes, paper and twine are also extensively dealt in. Plumb & Beardsley, Post Office News Room, 40 Bank Street. — A very convenient feature of city life is the ease with which one can subscribe for a magazine, newspaper or other publication by dropping in at some reliable house which makes a specialty in periodicals, etc., and there leaving your order for anything you may desire. The oldest and leading representative Bridgeport house in this line of business is that conducted by Plumb & Beardsley, better known perhaps as the Post Office News Room. This establishment was founded in 1859 by Mr. Andrew F. Wales, and afterwards conduct- ed by Mrs. Lucy Wales, succeeded iu 1880 by Mr. P. Kane and again in 1885 by the present firm. This house will receive orders and fur- nish all magazines, newspapers, American and foreign, and will guarantee the prompt and regular delivery of the publications ordered through them. The building No. 40 Bank street is occupied, and employment is given to twelve assistants. The house aside from its periodical and newspaper trade carry on a very large business in books and stationery, keep all the latest novelties, and are the only house in the city that carry a complete line of Harper Handy Series, Franklin Square, Lovell's, Munroe, Cassell, and Pocket Seasides. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. L. D. Plumb who has had sixteen years' experi- ence with the house, formerly with Mrs. Wales and afterwards with Mr. Kane, and thoroughly understands the business in all its details. W. H. Beardsley has conducted successfully the paper agency of the Naugatuck R. R. and through the Naugatuck Valley for many years, therefore they are both well qualified, and are gentlemen of energy, enterprise and experience and highly esteemed throughout the city and surrounding country. J. E. Porter, Dealer in Beef, Veal, Mutton, Hams, Poultry, Vegetables, etc., corner Warren Street and R. R. Avenue. — We have before re- marked upon the character of those enterprises which have done much to promote this city as a trade center. Taking up such industries in de- tail, however, it becomes necessary to devote a brief space at least to the house of J. E. Porter, which in the meat and vegetable trade occu- pies a prominent position in the commercial community and is entitled to due consideration. This store was established in 1883 by its present proprietor. Tlie premises occupied for the transaction of this extensive retail trade are located at the cor- ner of Warren street and Railroad avenue, cover- ing an area of 20x35 feet and are well stocked with a choice selection of beef, veal, mutton, ham, poultry, vegetables, etc. The services of two very capable assistants are required in the discharge of the many details of the house, which are under the direct supervis- ion of the proprietor, who is experienced in his line of business. Mr. Porter is a native of Bridgeport and a highly respected member of the Knights of Pythias, and it is with pleasure that we commend his market to the residents of this community. Howard H. Scribner, Real Estate, Loan Agency and Fire Insurance, 10 Franklin Block. — One of the most active and successful real estate and insurance agents in this city is Mr. Howard H. Scribner, whose office is at No. 10 Franklin Block (corner Main and State streets). This gentleman began business thirteen years ago, and has established a large patronage in both branches of his profession by the zeal and ability with which he has served his customers. Any of our readers who may wash to buy, sell, exchange or rent a dwelling house or building- lot, would do well to give Mr. Scribner a call, as he is in a position to render them material aid in attaining any or all of these objects. He is prepared to give prompt and conscientious attention to the various duties of a real estate agent, and his record in this respect in the past is sutficient guarantee of his ability to do so. A loan agency is also conducted, through which money nuiy be loaned or borrowed at five and six per cent, interest on city real estate security. Mr. Scribner is agent tor the following reliable and popular fire insurance companies: Girard, Philadelphia, Pa.; Firemen's, Newark, N. J., and Hamburg, Bremen, Germany. He has written many policies in these companies, and is prepared to take additional desirable risks. He is thoroughly familiar with city propertj^ as his long experience has afforded abundant oppor- tunity to study it carefully and well. Lee & Ketcham, Dealers in Choice Fruits and Fancy Groceries, 20 Fairfield Avenue. — As an important factor in the growth and general pro- gress of the city the grocery trade has played no insignificant part, as can be illustrated by the de- tailed history of the above-named house, which was established eleven years ago. It is located at 20 Fairfield avenue, occupying three floors, each 24x85 feet, where a large and well-selected stock of staple and fancy groceries is carried. LEADISG BUSINESS MEN OF BRTDGEPORT. 11:5 The extensive retail trade of this house gives employment to three competent clerks, who are conversant with the business in all its details. This house was fust established by ^Iv. Henry Lee, and after six years of prosperity JVIr. Charles J. Ketchani was admitted as partner to the firm, and for the past five years the business has been conducted under the tirm name of Lee & Ketcham. Tliey carry an extensive and com- plete stock of groceries of all descriptions, also deal extensively in choice fruits of all kinds, and all goods to be found in a first-class establish- ment of this kind. The most watchful care is exercised b}^ this firm under all circumstances, and particular attention is paid to the filling of orders and goods are delivered to all parts of the city with promptness and dispatch. The mem- bers of this firm are both experienced and practi- cal men. F. D. Eandall, Druggist, 204 State Street.— Of the druggists and dealers in medicines of Bridgeport, 'here is no establishment which bears a higher character among ihe people of this city for fair dealings and first-class goods than that of ]\Ir. F. D.liandall, located at 204 State street. This house was established in April, 1887, and although of such verj' recent inception, it is classed willi the most popular and finely- appointed establishments of its kind in the city. Mr. Randall keeps a full line of pure drugs, patent medicines, chemicals, and a full line of toilet articles, including soaps, sponges, brushes, combs, etc., also fancy goods and perfumery. The premises occupied cover an area of 40x20 feet, and are handsomely fitted up with all the requisites necessary for the prosecution of the re- tail trade in the above-named ])rofession. The utmost care is taken in compounding physicians' prescriptions and family receipts. Only safe and reliable pharmacists are employed, and the en tire management of the business is under the direct personal supervision of the proprietor, who is well worthy the confidence and esteem of this community. Mr. Randall is a native of Brook- haven, N. Y. Having had a large experience in the drug- business and being a licentiate of New York and Connecticut State Boards of Pharmacy, he is now prepared to dispense drugs and medicines with accuracy and dispatch, and is too well known to require personal remarks at our hands, but we may be permitted to say that none in this trade has a higher reputation for reliability in this city than has the subject of this sketch. Mrs. W. T. Van Yorx, Dealer in Wools and Embroidery Materials, Felts and Canvas. Toys, and Holiday Goods, etc., etc.. No. 423 Main Street. — The importance of an enterprise of this character in a large city like Bridgeport is too apparent to need comment. We have here a de- pot for the supply of all kinds of embroideiy materials, such as are used in the various styles of embroidery and fancy work, and may be pro- perly classed as art needle work. This establish- ment was founded by its present proprietor, Mrs. W. T. Van Yorx, in 1871, and during the time since elap.sed she has built up an extensive retail trade. The premises utilized for this branch of industry and located at 423 Main street, consists of a store 60x20 feet in (limciihioiis, with base- ment for storage purposes. The fine and exten- sive stock carried at this house embraces a large variety of wools in all the new and varied .shades so much used, also an elegant assortment of embroidery materials of all kinds, also felts and canvas. In addition to the above-named goods, ]\lrs. Van Yorx deals extensively in toys and holiday goods, etc., etc. Employment is given to four very capable a.ssistants, and the citizens of this conununily, especially the ladies, will find this store headcpiarters for all the desirable supplies in the above-named line of goods. Mrs. Van Yorx is a fair and honorable business wo- man in all her transactions, and she enjoys one of the largest trades in this line in Bridgeport. W. E. Wills, Choice Family Groceries, oS State Street (between Main Street and the Post- oifice). — The grocery trade is one of Bridgeport's mo.st important industries. Of the many who are fairly entitled to this distinction, none deserve more notice than W. E. Wills, located at No. 58 State street (between Main street and the Post- otfice). The store occupied covers an area of 18xGo feet, thus giving ample room for properly con- ducting the business. The stock, which is large and well selected, consists of staple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees, spices, sugar, flour, but- ter, cheese, eggs, syrups, etc., also a full as.sort- ment of the finest canned goods in the market, and at the most reasonable prices. The large trade extends throughout the city and vicinity and is exclusively retail. The business was es tablished seven years ago by W. R. Miller, it having been under the present management for the pasi four years. Four clerks are employed, and all customers are waited upon in an alteniivu and courteous manner. All orders are promptly filled, and goods are delivered to all parts of the city free of charge. IMr. W. E. Wills is a native of Canada, and is well and favorably known throughout the city. In conclusion, we may say that he conducts his business on a sound basis and in a liberal manner. R. Plalzgraf, I^roprietor of South End Market, 113 Main Street. — Among the many and varied commercial industries pursued in Bridgeport, that branch devoted to the handling of meats, fish and vegetables, forms an important part of her trade, and prominent among the many estab- lishments utilized for this purpose is the South Enci Market, which was founded in 188(5 by Mr. R. Plalzgraf, who conducts a strictly tirst-cla^s market, located at 113 Main street, comprising one floor and basement, each 40x30 feet ia di- mensions. The stock carried embraces a complete and choice varietj' of meats, poultry, fish, fruits and vegetables. This house off'ers the best of inducements, both as regards prices and quality, which in the end cannot fail to attract and hold a large share of patronage and support. Mr. Plalzgraf is a native of Germany. We may be pardoned for saying, in conclusion, that the standing and reputation achieved by him are such as to warrant the entire confidence of cus- tomers. 114 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. F. G. Gates, Pharmacist, 187 East Washing- ton Avenue. — A fine appearing and well-fitted- up pharmaceutical establishment is that of which Mr. F. G. Gates is the genial and popular pro- prietor, located at No. 187 East Washington avenue. It was founded over twenty years ago, by Mr. George Main, the present owner having been in possession about two years. The store occupied is of the dimensions of 30x 50 feet, and as before remarked is very finely appointed, containing all the modern facilities for carrj'ing on a first-class pharmacy. Two courteous and efficient assistants are in attend- ance, and customers will receive early and polite attention. A very large and complete stock of drugs, medicinfes, etc., is on hand, and every- thing is guaranteed to be of standard quality and reliable manufacture. Physicians' prescriptions are compounded promptly and accurately, and as a specialty is made of this branch of trade, satisfaction is confidently warranted. All the drugs, etc., used are fresh and free from adultera- tion, and no doubt most of our readers under- stand the importance of these points in this connection. Toilet requisites and fancy articles are on hand in great variety, and all prices will compare favorably with those of any similar establishment in town. Smith & Havens, Groceries, Provisions and Fruits, 303 East Main Street, Corner Crescent Avenue. — Prominent among our young and enterprising business men, located in East Bridgeport, and engaged in the grocery and provision line of trade, are the Messrs. Smith & Havens. They established their business in 1886, and although it is only one year since their commencement, they have by their energy and enterprise succeeded in establishing an extensive and lucrative trade among some of our first families. The store occupied by them is located at 303 East Main street, corner Crescent avenue, and covers an area of 24x50 feet, and is finely ar- ranged for the conduct of their business. Their large and varied slock of goods consist of gro- ceries, provisions and fruit, which will be found on inspection to be first class in every respect. The extensive retail trade gives employment to two thoroughly competent clerks, and the details of the busitiess are handled in a very efiicient manner. Messrs. Smith & Havens make a specialty of butter, cheese and eggs, which are received direct from the producer, and are guaranteed to be the best in the market. Messrs. Clayton L. Smith and Elmer H. Havens are both natives of Connecticut, and young men, whose rare busioess ability is dis- played in the manner in which they have man- aged their business, and the citizens of Bridge- port may justly be proud that among her citizens are to be found such energetic and reliable men. M. M. Wallace, Bakery and Confectionery, 195 Noble Avenue, East Bridgeport. — The premises occupied by this establishment are very conveniently located at No. 195 Noble avenue, and are conducted by Mr. M. M. Wallace in a very satisfactory manner. The store is 30x25 feet in dimensions, the basement also being useil for the manufacture of their goods. The stock is very attractively arranged and neatly kept, and consists of a full line of bread, cakes, pastry, etc., also pure con- fectionery of all kinds. "Polite and attentive assistants are on hand and wait upon customers in a prompt and intelligent maimer. The business is very extensive and is both wholesale and retail. Mr. Minot M. Wallace established this enter- prise in 1875, and hns .«ince conducted it in a highly creditable manner, both to himself and his customers. He is a native of White Plains, N. Y., and is well and favorably known through- out Bridgeport. We think it quite within our province to commend this establishment to our readers, and to assure them that nothing will be left undone to make business transactions between them- selves and their customers entirely satisfactoiy. E. G. Paddock, Dealer in Meats and Grocer- ies, 190 Noble Avenue. — Occupying commodious and attractive quarters at 190 Noble avenue, Mr. E. G. Paddock has for four years past conducted a large and flourishing grocery and provision business and his establishment is the leading market and source of family supply in this sec- tion of the city. The premises are 30x50 feet in dimensions and always present a most inviting appearance. A large assortment of the finest fresh and cured meats is kept in stock, which comprises canned goods, vegetables, flour, and provisions of stand- ard excellence. Mr. Paddock makes a specialty of pure teas and coffees and of fine butter, and supplies merchandise of this description of choicest quality at reasonable rates, guaranteeing satisfaction in everj^ particular. Zealous to maintain the reputation of his estab- lishment as a most desirable place to obtain pro- visions, Mr. Paddock has always been held in high esteem and his punctuality in filling orders and delivering merchandise, and his honorable methods have brought him universal commenda- tion. Mr. Paddock is a native of Vermont arid is one of Bridgeport's most estimable citizens and re- putable business men. G. A. Northrop, Livery, Boarding and Sales Stables, No. 20 Harriet Street. — Prominent among the first-class livery stables of East Bridgeport is the old established and largely pat- ronized enterprise carried on by Mr. G. A. Nor- throp at No. 20 Harriet street. It "was founded by Mr. Andrew Lines eighteen years ago and has been in the possession of its present proprietor about eight j^ears. The stable proper is two stories in height and of the dimensions of 30x90 feet, and there is a commodious building adjoining which is used as a carriage house. These facilities afford a capacity for twenty-six head of stock and have proved to be none too large for the business done. First-class carriages and buggies are to let at all hours and as Mr. Northrop takes a good deal of i)ride in the appearance of all turnouts coming from his stables, one may feel assured of securing a stylish and presentable team at this LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 115 establishment. Very reasonable prices are charged and every effort is made to give perfect satisi'action to every cuslon\er. Horses will be taken to board and given the best of care and food, and as an extensive sales department is car- ried on in connection witli the stables, those de- siring to purchase a horse would do well to give Mr. Northrop a c:dl. lie is a native of Bridgeport and a very promi- nent citizen, being a member of the Board of Public Works, a position which shows the confi- dence and esteem in which he is held bj' the resi- dents of this city. ion East Wa.shington Curtis Brothers, No. Avenue, Dealers in Stoves, Furnaces, Ranges, Refrigerators, Oil Stoves and Tinware. — While handling an extensive line of all the leading manufactures in the several lines mentioned, the tirm are the special selling agents for the Boyn- ton Furnace Co.'s entire line of fur- naces, consisting of over ninety ditierent styles and sizes, and altogether compris- mg the most com- plete line made by any one concern in the United States. The reputation of the Boynton goods as regards durability and superior me- chanical construc- , tion is world wide, they having been on the market for over forty years. _ iA IMessrs. Curtis Bros, set annually from thirty to fifty furnaces, and always keep on hand at their store rooms a full line — a stronger point in favor of the durability of these goods could not be given than the fact that although they have sold so large a number and for a period of over four years, they have not sold .$8.00 worth of repairs. The exclusive sale of Tile New Household Range is also held by this house. This range stands to day without a rival. It is new, original, has all the latest improve- ments, including the celebrated triangular grate and ventilated oven, is mounted by superior workmen only, and in point of style and finish is unequaled, is made in all styles, and is lifted for hot water, coal or wood. Tliere are now in use over 400 of these ranges in this city, which fact is the best evidence that can be given as to their merits. To any person about to buy a first-class range, we invite a perusal of the above 400 names, which can be seen at our'oflice. The agency for the Jewett refrigerator, the New Crown and Dietz oil stoves, is also held by this firm, and examination of these goods and the fact that the}' have been on the market for twenty-five years will convince any practical buyer of their superiority. In their jobbing department, Messrs. Curtis Bros, have given such satisfaction that their force has been obliged to be increased from one to ten practical and experienced men, who are con- stantly emplo3'ed on steam, gas, i)luml)ing and furnace work. Special atlention Las been given to this depariment, and the most approved tools and machinery purchased; for this reason all work is guaranteed by them to be as low as pos- sible consistent with first-class work. A. W. Peard & Co., Dealer in Fine Groceries, 185 East Washington Avenue. — A widely-known grocery store, which enjoys an extensive and thriving trade is that conducted by Mr. A. W. Peard, successor to W. R. Palmer, at No. 185 East Washington avenue. This business was established some twelve years ago, and has secured a firm liold on popu- lar favor by reason of the honorable business methods employed, and the great variety and excellence of the goods ofi'ered. The premises occupied are of the dimensions of 24x()0 feet, and tbree elficient and obliging clerks are at hand to minister to the wants of customers. A very large and complete stock is carried, comprising full lines of staple and fancy groceries of all descriptions, and great care is taken to sell none but reliable gooils. Teas, cofl'ees, and spices of perfect purity and delicate flavor are offered at the lowest market rates, and the sup- ply of canned fruits, vegetables, etc., contains the productions of the most reputable and reliable packing houses. All the standard gr»des of flour are in stock, and are sold by the bag or barrel at prices that will bear the strictest scrutiny. Goods are delivered promptly and guaranteed as represented in all respects. Mr. Peard is a native of Hartford, and con- ducts two other stores in that city. Theo. Leavenvrorth, House Furnishing Goods, Hardware and Paints, 169 East Washington Avenue. — Among the successful business enter- prises in this part of the city, the House Furnish- ing Goods establislunent of Theo. Leavenworth occupies a prominent position. Tliis business was established in 1871 by its present proprietor, who has been successful in building up his pres- ent prosperous trade. The premises are locateil at 1()9 East Washington avenue and are 20x50 feet in size, where may be found a full and com- plete stock of everything in the house hirnishing goods line including gla.ssware, lamps, crockery and silverware. Through his enterprise and perseverance Mr. Leavenworth has built up an extensive and lucrative retail trade, which neces- sitates the employment of two clerks, who are courteous and attentive to all patrons. In con- nection with the house furnishing goods this house conducts an extensive trade in hardware and paints. ]Mr. Leavenworth's fifteen years' experience in this business has given him a thorough knowledge of all its details, and his business is conducted upon principles of the strictest integrity and most advanced liberality, and it is with pleasure that we commend our readers in want of the above named goods to this establishment, which has such a wide- spread reputation for fair and honorable dealings. Mr. Theo. Leavenworth is a native of Connecti- cut and a gentleman who is held in high social esteem. 116 LEABi:SO BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. West End Shoe Store, also Hals, Caps and Gent's Furnishings, Corner Stale Street and Howard Avenue. — The boot and shoe interests of Bridgeport form a very important item of its commercial undertakings, and is represented by a class of houses which stand unusually high, both in point of magnitude, reputation and in- dividual enterprise. Of them not the least men- tionable is that known as the " West End Shoe Store," and conducted by Mr. Geo. H. White, as manager, whose business was instituted in February, 1887, which he has since continued with unusual success. The premises utilized for the buiness are located at the corner of State street and Howard avenue, and consist of a store 40x25 feet in dimensions, which is well stocked with a first class assortment of boots and shoes of every description. In addition to the above- named branch of trade, Mr. White carries a full line of hats, caps, and gent's furnishing goods, which are always sold at the lowest prices in the city. The trade of the house extends throughout the city and vicinity. Mr. White is a native of Bridgeport, and has a thorough and complete knowledge of all the de- tails of the business, gained by long experience. He is well and favorably known throughout this community, of which he is an active and enter- prising citizen. C. S. Lupton, Dealer in Groceries, Meats and Vegetables, 304 Fairfield Avenue. — One of the most important grocery establishments in this sectioH of tlie city is that of Mr. C. S. Lupton, located at No. 364 Fairfield avenue. This is an enterprising house, and the store is admirably adapted to the business. The stock carried com- prises choice meats, fine groceries, flour, butter, foreign and domestic fruits, and the supplies generally found in a first-class grocery and pro- vision store-house. An excellent trade is done in the vicinity, the proprietor being alive to the wants of the public. Customers are attended to yv'iWi politeness and dispatch, and goods are de- livered promptly. "I'he stock is a large one, em- bracing syrup, molasses, teas, coffees, spices, and canned fruit in variety. Employment is given to several, and the great- est attention is given to customers. The business was established about two years ago, and has been successful from the start. Mr. Lupton is a native of Bridgeport, and a stirring active man, and one who seems to have gained the entire respect of the community, both for business ability and integrity. W. L. Ferris, D.D.S., Dental Rooms, 354 Main Street. — There are many dentists in everj^ city or town but unfortunately many of them are inexperienced and unequal to execute the work required of them, while on the other hand there are those who are thorough masters of their pro- fession, regular graduates of a dental college and have made their profession a study, in order to perfect themselves in its many branches. In this connection we would call the attention of all to Dr. W. L. Ferris, whose spacious and well appointed dental parlors are located at No. 354 Main street. This gentleman is a dentist of experience in every branch of his profession and has been es- tablished here since 1875. He is a graduate of the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery and is prepared to fill, clean, straighten or otherwise improve the condition of the teeth. Also makes artificial teeth in a very natural manner and at most reasonable prices. He has an experienced assistant in Dr. C. F. Gibbs who is also a practi- cal operator, and employs three other skilled dentists in his extensive profession. His parlors are centrally located and are well arranged for the extensive patronage he enjoys. They cover an area of 50x25 feet and are divided into recep- tion and operating rooms, etc. Dr. Ferris is a native of Bridgeport and is too well and favorably known to need any personal comment at our hands. Bennett & Healy, Horse Shoeing and General Jobbing, Court Street. — One of the most necessa- ry and convenient institutions of the times is a well conducted blacksmith shop, and the one to which we refer here is well known as the best arranged and most ablj" conducted establishment of its kind in Bridgeport. The proprietors, Messrs. Bennett & Healy, are artists of merit in their line. Their shop is located on Court street and covers an area of 70x35 feet in dimensions and is gener- ously supplied with all tl)e modern and improved appliances requisite for tlie prosecution of their large and extensive custom blacksmithing. The energies of this firm are devoted to horse shoe- ing. The shoeing of lame, interfering and gen- tlemen's road horses a specialty. No one who has any regard for the comfort of his horse will be careless as to how he is shod, and those at all acquainted with the habits of horses know how much their comfort, safety and speed depends on the know-ledge of their shoer. Thus it is quite important that we should mention in this work the above-named firm, which have attained a celebrity for trustworthiness and skill in their trade. This establishment was founded in 1887 by its present proprietors. Mr. J. B. Bennett is a na- tive of Connecticut, and Mr. Healy of Massachu- setts. Both gentlemen have had years of experi- ence in the business, which has given them a knowledge possessed by but few others in this trade. C. Bray, Dealer in Choice Beef, Pork, Poultry, Fish. Vegetables, etc.. Market Corner Main and Whiting Streets, below South Avenue. — Among the many meat markets in Bridgeport we know of none more deserving of praise than that of Mr. C. A. Bray, located at the corner of Main and Whiting streets, not only from the choice line of meat, etc., to be found here; but also from its uniformly neat and attractive ap- pearance. Mr. Bray established this market in 1884, and has experienced a rapid increase of trade. The premises occupied embrace a store 18x40 feet in area, well arranged for the disposal of the stock, as well as cold storage for his meats, etc. His trade is exclusively retail, and his patrons are very numerous in this vicinity. He keeps constantly on hand a fresh assortment of choice cuts of beef, pork and ham; also, poultry, lard, etc., fish, clams, oysters and vegetables of all descriptions in their season. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDOEPORT 111 These goods lie sells at remarkably low prices, and in every instance they will be found exactly as represented. Orders are promptly filled and delivered, and several attentive assistants are ever ready to wait upon customers. Mr. Bray is a native of the citj^ has had twenty-four years experience in the business, and is universally esteemed bj- all who know him. C W. Hall, 3Ianufaeturer of Trucks, also Light and Heavy Vehicles of Every Description, Ko. 15 Ilousatouic Avenue. — In the manufacture of hardly anj'- article in common use is more faith- ful and honest work required to achieve satisfac- tor}- results tlian in that of wagons and other vehicles. Subjected as they are to great and constantly varying strains and jars of every descrip- tion, tlie wonder is, not that they occasionally breakdown, l)Utthat they viear half aslongasthey lio. It, requires no small degree of mechanical skill to design a vehicle that will be strong enough without being too heavy and that will be as well adapted as possible to the many uses to which it nniy be put, and the selection of the materials and their construction into the finished article is of itself a task of no mean magnitude. A man who has been in the business lor twenty- seven years may reasonabl}^ be expected to know about as much as can be known about it, and this is the case with Mr. C. W. Hall, whose place of business is at No. 15 Housatonic avenue. Here are situated his store-houses and factory, Mmoug them being one three-story building 40x 00 feet in dimensions and a two-story edifice 24x 150 feet, as well as several minor structures. Fifty-seven hands are employed and heavy trucks as well as vans, wagons, and light and heavy vehicles of every description are made in larue quantities. Mr. Hall is a native of this city and one of our best known business men. His long experience and extensive operation enablehim to purchase his materials to the best advantage and he gives his customers the benefit of this state of affairs, doing the very best of work and furnishing all kinds of vehicles at the very lowest rates. A. Ayre, Tea, Coffee and Provision Merchant, 1T4 Railroad Avenue. — Among the various, popular and growing enterprises of Bridgeport which bears the marks of increasing prosperity, is the establishment of A. Ayre, located at 174 Railroad avenue. The proprietor established this business in 1877, and has since conducted its affairs with increased facilities and signal success. The premises occupied for trade purposes comprise a store 30x40 feet in dimensions, where a full and complete stock of teas, coffees, etc., are kept. The facilities possessed by the proprietor for ob- taining a choice supply are unsurpassed by any contemporary concern. The greatest care is taken by Mr. Ayre in selecting his choice stock of teas, coflfees and pro- visions, which are highly esteemed by the citizens of Bridgeport for their freshness and low prices. EmpiojMnent is given to two clerks, who are polite and attentive to their many customers. Goods are promptly delivered to all parts of the city, and every facility is at hand for the con- duct of the large and prosperous retail trade. Mr. A. Aj're is a very able business man, and through his prompt anil honorable methods the present large and successful business has been built up, which has won for him an eminently fine reputation. Mr. Ayre was formerly well-known in connec- tion with the Japan Tea Company, of this city. A.B. Fairchild, Insurance, A'M\ ^Main Street, Wheeler's Building.— Of all the numy wonderful outcomes of modern civilization and human ingenuity, few if any are more marvelous and far-reaching than is insurance. The scheme by which pel feet strangers, rivals in business, per- sonal enemies even, are made to contribute to make good your loss by fire, accident, i^ersonal injuries, etc., and this without tlieir lianllj' real- izing it, and without conveying the sting of charity or the galling consciousness of depend- ence to the recipient, can hardly fail to challenge our admiration; and, although like all other human productions there is always room for improvement in it, it is still accomplishing a great and good work. A gentleman who is very prominently identi- fied with insurance in Bridgeport and vicinity is Mr. A. B Fairchild, whose ofiice is at ?Jo. 436 Main street, Wheeler's building. The l)usiness now conducted b}'^ him was established in 1867, by 3Ir. S. McOonald. the present owner succeed- ing to it in 1874. Mr. Fairchild, who is a native of Trumbull, Ct. , represents the following companies: Lion, Phaniix, Biitish American, Sun, Agricultural, New Hampshire, and many others. He is pre- pared to place risks in any of the above reliable organizations at the lowest rates, and his record in the past is sufficient gua'anlee thatall business entrusted to him will be transacted promptly. W. H. Worsam, Architect, Room 13 Wheeler Building, 43(» Main Street. — The work of the architect is of the greatest importance, and ow- ing to its nature is peculiarly exposed to criti- cism to a degree probably greater than are the elforts of any of the other professions. It is self-evident that ihe appearance of a city or town is greatly dependent upon the skill and taste of the architects within its borders, and as every public-spirited citizen takes a pride in the looks of his city, it is surely for his interest to encourage and patronize a resident architect who stiows himself to be worthy of such treatment. Such a man is Mr. W. H. Worsam, who, during the j'ears which he has practiced his profession here has been entrusted with nimierous impor- tant commissions, which he has executed in the most artistic and satisfactory manner. Among these may be mentioned: The Knapp & Cowles Hardware Factory; The HolmesA: Edwards Xew Plating Shop; "Recreation Hall," for P. T. Barnum, Esq., as well as several railroad depots, including that at ^Meriden, New Rochelle Junc- tion, Stony Creek and the projected new depot at Hartford for the N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. Mr. Worsam is particularly familiar with rail- road wants, a£ he was chief draughtsman for the N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. for three years. He i^ a native of London, England, and has many friends in Bridgeport and vicinity. 118 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Golden Hill Hotel, Geo. G. Carr, Prop. , Nos. 19, 21 and 2:^ Harrison Street. — The question "where shall we spend the summer" is one that is probably being considered already in a number of households, and although the preference felt for mountain, sea-coast or river scenery will of course in a great measure determine the choice made, still, if the vacation is to be thoroughly enjoyed, the hotel accommodations available must be carefully studied. Many people make the mistake of wandering so far from civilization on their summer pilgrimage that they find them- selves deprived of the comforts and luxuries to which they are accustomed, and return home weary and unrefreshed, disgusted with summer hotels in general, and the one wiiich they pat- ronized in particular. Houses may be found, however, which combine an attractive and healthful situation with contiguity to the center of trade, and these most desirable qualifications the Gohieu Hill Hotel, located at Nos. 19, 21 and ■33 Harrison street, possesses in a marked degree. This house is but three blocks from the depot by way of Fairfield avenue. The grounds in which it is situated are very attractive and their sur- roundings beautiful. It is a three story building containing thirty rooms which are heated with steam, for this is by no means exclusively a sum- mer hotel but is largely patronized the year round. Special rates are made to commercial and theatrical parties, and all the terms are very reasonable and the accommodations first- class. This liouse was started seven years ago and has been under the control of its present owner, Geo. G. Carr, for two years. L. M. Hopkins, Dealer in Stoves, Ranges and Furnaces, 352 Main Street. — One of the best known and longest established houses in Bridge- port for the sale of stoves, ranges, etc., is that of L. M. Hopkins, located at No. 352 Mam street. This business was established twenty years ago by the present proprietor, who deserves much praise for the able manner in which he has con- ducted the business from the first, showing ex- cellent judgment in the selection of his goods, as well as a thorough knowledge of the business in all its details. The premises occupied at the above address consist of two floors, each 24x100 feet in dimen- sions, the first floor being used as a store for the sale of his goods and the second floor for a repair shop, etc. These are fitted up with the most modern inventions for the carrying on of his bus- iness, and the store is stocked with a finely selected assortment of stoves, ranges and fur- naces from the most celebrated manufacturers, and all kinds of stove furniture, tin-ware, etc. Orders promptly and satisfactorily executed for plumbing, roofing and jobbing of all kinds, at reasonable prices. Ten skilled hands are employed in the different departments and all patrons are waited upon in a courteous and attentive manner. Mr. Hopkins is one of Bridgeport's most highly esteemed and respected citizens and has been eminently suc- cessful in his undertaking, well deserving the reputation he has achieved. v. Portelange, Upholsterer, 734 Main Street, next to corner East Washington Avenue. — An experienced and thoroughly practical upholsterer may be found at No. 734 Main street, in the per- son of Mr. V. Portelange, late with the represen- tative house of Marcotte & Co., of New York city. Mr. Portelarfge is prepared to execute in a first-class manner all kinds of upholstering and decorating work; curtains, shades and lambre- quins he will make to order and put up; repairs and varnishes all kinds of furniture, lifts and re- lays carpets ; also paints and upholsters baby car- riages at reasonable prices and in a highly satis- factory manner. Makes to order or repairs maf- tresses and does all kinds of chair caning, etc. Work will be called for and delivered, or done at your residence, as required, and all charges will be found to be most reasonable in every instance. Mr. V. Portelange is a gentleman of wide experi- ence in the business and although in business in this city but a liew years has succeeded in com- manding a large and steadily increasing patron- age, among whom are some of Bridgeport's most influential citizens. All in search of a reliable and thoroughly experienced man in this line will do themselves a favor by giving this gentleman a trial. Curtis & Teeple, Dealers in Drugs. Medi- cines and Chemicals, 836 Main Street. — Probably one of the finest appointed drug stores in Bridge- port is the one conducted by Curtis & Teeple. This house was established over twenty years ago by Curtis & Co., but in 1870 Dr. G. M. Teeple was admitted as partner to the firm and since that date the business has been conducted under the title of Curtis & Teeple. The premises are located at 836 Main street and are 20x60 feet in dimensions, and consist of a very fine and attrac- tive store which is fitted up with handsome show- cases and finely arranged windows. The stock which is here displayed comprises a complete assortment of drugs, medicines and chemicals, etc., also a fine line of fancj'' and toilet articles, such as sponges, brushes, perfumery, etc., choice tobacco and cigars. Messrs. Curtis & Teeple make a specialty of physicians' prescriptions, which are carefully compounded and orders are answered with care and dispatch, and their stock of medicines is complete and warranted genuine and of the best quality. The extensive retail trade of this house requires the assistance of two competent clerks. The proprietors are both thorough chemists and the utmost care and pre- caution is used to guard against mistakes. Mr. L. F. Curtis is a native of Connecticut, and Dr. G. M. Teeple of New York State; the last gentle- man is a graduate of the Albany Medical College, which ensures that prescriptions will be carefully compounded. These gentlemen have ever main- tained a high character in this city. H. H. DeWolte, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Milk, Butter, Eggs, and Country Produce, 536 Main Street. — Among the concerns in this city which owe the present position they have attained to the energy, enterprise and business ability possessed by the proprietor, special men- tion should be made of the establishment of H. H. De Wolfe which was founded in 1885 and for the past two years has been conducted at its LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDQEPORT. ll&i present location 536 jMain street. The premises are well stocked with a fresh daily supply of milk, butter, etigs and country (iroduce. in whicli Mr i)e\Volfe tninsacts a lucrative wholesale and retail trade. Orders left at the bakery, corner Steuben and East Main, also receive prompt at- tention. The extent of this flourishing enter prise requires the employment, at the store, of two courteous clerks, and patrons are assured of receiving nothing but fresh and first-class goods in this line of produce. ]\lr. H. II. DeWolfe i.s a native of Saybrook, Connecticut, and by strict attention to the demands of the trade, and a con- tinuance of the most commendable energy dis- played ia the past, he will no doubt continue with the same success that has always attended his efforts. He is a man of experience by wliom our readers may depend upon having all orders faith- fully executed and at the same time have the ad- vantage of reasonable prices and tirst-class goods. White Manufacturing Co., ^Manufacturers of Fine Finished Carriage Lamps, Carriage and Hearse ]\r(mntings.— This important industry successfully conducted on a large scale by the White IVIanu facturing Co. is one of the oldest business enterprises of B r 1 d g e p ort. The "house was establish- ed in 1832, and for one-half a century has exerted a wide spread and beneticent influence. The company as at present organized was i n c rporated under the present name in 1861, and its progress has been co- equal with the wonderful growth and development o f the trade and industries of the place. The works of the compa- ny comprise a large substantial four story build- ing, most thoroughly equipped with every im- proved machine alid appliance for intended pur- poses. The machinery is driven by a steam en- gine of thirty horse-power, and a force of sixty hands is employed in the various departments of the establishment. The product of the works consists of carriage lamps, and carriage and hearse trimmings of every description, and of many novel and beautiful designs, and for both quality and style of their productions the com- pany IS famous among the carriage builders of the country. Mr. Thomas Boudreii is the superintendent and Mr. H. S. Wilmot the secretary of this rep- resentative and responsible corporation. They are business men of sagacity, energy and tact and in tlieir keeping the reputation of the old concern for honorable metliods and probity is maintained unimpaired, and the large trade of i the company in all parts of the country is being steadily increased and extended. John Driscoll, Dealer in Groceries and Liq- uors, No. G71 Main iSlreet.— This long establish- I ed business enterprise, which is ably managed. I and conducted under the personal supervision of i its thorouglily coini)elent proprietor, is located at 671 Main'str et and was established by him in ' 1868 and during the 19 years of its existence has always manifested a spirit of enterprise and progression, and continues to enjny the wt 11 merited and lucrative retail trade that has marked its succe.-s from the commencement. Mr. John Driscoll deals largely in groceries, li(iuors, etc. The premises occupied for the above-named busi- ness are quite centrally located and cover an area of 20x60 feet, consisting of a store devoted to the retail grocery business and a bar in the rear for the sale of liquors. This store is well stocked with all kinds of groceries, including the best brands of flour, teas, coffees, sugar, spices, and ia fact everything in this line that is desira- ble for family use, canned go( ds etc., also the best domestic manufacture and foreign impor- tations of liquors. The extent of this business requires the employment of two attentive and reliable clerks and all orders are promptly filled and goods delivered to all parts of the city. Mr. John Driscoll has resided for the past twenty-one years in Bridgeport, where he is well known and has built up a thriving retail business. W. H. Evers' Market, No. 221 State Street.— Reviewing as we are the industries of Bridgeport we find numbered among the leading markets W. H. Evers', of 221 Slate street, who establish- ed his business twenty one years ago, and whose success has proved phenomenal. His store is 30x40 feet in dimensions and is well adapted to the business. Owing to his ex- cellent judgment and taste it is arranged in an attractive manner, and the neatness displayed is remarked by all His trade extends throughout the city among first-class customers and his mar- ket is one of the most extensive in the city. The choicest meats at the most reasonable prices are the leading characteristics of his market and our readers in the city who want real choice, juicy meats should place their orders here. Beet, pork, mutton, veal, ham, bacon, lard, etc., are always on hand, besides fresh vegetables, poul- try and produce. Orders are promptly and care- fully filled by experienced assistants and goods are delivered to all parts of the city free of M?. Evers is a native of Germany and is a gen- tlemen of experience in all the details of his bus- iness. He is highly esteemed by the community and fully deserves the success wliich has followed him. We advise all in search of a reliable mar-- ket to give his a trial. 120 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. W. S. Cornwell, Dealer in Choice Family Groceries, etc., 173 East Main Street. — Among the successful business enterprises in this part of the city the store and grocery establishment of Mr. W. S. Cornwell occupies a prominent posi- tion in this line. This business was commenced in 1873 by Messrs. Cook& Winton. The present proprietor, Mr W. S. Cornwell, assumed control in 1886 and through his energy, enterprise and persever- ance has attained his present desirable and exten- sive retail trade. The businets premises occupied by Mr. Cornwell are located at 173 East Main street and consist of a very attractive store 20x00 feet in dimen- sions, where is displayed the large and varied stock of fine family groceries. All orders are promptly filled and delivered to anj'- part of the city free of charge. Mr. Cornwell is thoroughly conversant with his business in all its branches and superintends the selection and purchasing of his immense stock of goods, which includes everything in the staple and fancy grocery line, embracing vegetables, country produce, teas, coffees, spices, canned goods, etc. Everything handled by this house is guaranteed to be the best that can be obtained in the city and sold at the lowest market prices. Mr. Cornwell is a native of Bridgeport. He is prompt and reliable in all his business transac- tions, and has through these important qualifica- tions laid the foundation of a successful business career. J. S. White & Son, Manufacturers of Fine Custom Harness and Dealer in Horse Furnish- ings of all Descriptions, 167 East Waf^hington Avenue, East Bridgeport. — A review of Bridge- port's enterprise would indeed be incomplete without reference to the harness manufactory of J. S. White & Son, at 167 East Washington ave- nue, where can be found at all times one of the largest and best selected stocks of harness, sad- dies, collars, whips, horse clothing, robes, and in fact everything in horse furnishing goods called for. The business occupies a fine store 18x60 feet in tlimensions, with a shop 18x30 feet in size in the rear. Four skilled hands are employed who understand all the details of the business. Mr. White is a practical man having had an experi- ence of forty-four years as proprietor in his busi- ness, and being a manufacturer he is enabled to guarantee his goods to be just as represented; and also to quote the very lowest prices to all his patrons. This necessarily brief sketch gives at best but a limited account of the resources of the house wliich without exaggeration are equal at least to those possessed by any house in this vicinity. To those desiring goods in his line we will say, in conclusion that Mr. White offers inducements that must make all business relations with him conduce to the profit of his customers. He is a native of Massachusetts and is highly esteemed throughout the city. Mr. M. F.White, the son, has been associated for the past fourteen years in the business. Washington Park Hotel, John Walsh, Pro- prietor, corner of Crescent Avenue and Kossuth Street. — In a work of this kind which treats of the resources of the city of Bridgeport and which is destined to be read by those who reside else- where, it is of course not out of place for us to speak of an establishment, where, when visitors repair to tlie city either for business or pleasure they will be enabled to find all the comforts of home, besides everj' civility, attention and con- venience possible in a public house. The Washington Park Hotel was opened to the public in 1881 bj^ its present proprietor, Mr. John Walsh, and during the comparatively short time since its establishment, its fame has become known throughout the city and State. This hotel is located at the corner of Crescent avenue and Kossuth street and comprises a build- ing of three stories, covering an area of 40x70 feet and containing forty rooms. This house is conducted upon the European plan, and board is furnished by the meal, day, or week. Good accommodations can be obtained here at reason- able prices. In connection with this house Mr. Walsh conducts dining rooms, where meals can be obtained at all hours. In the management of this hotel everything has been reduced to a complete system, and each department is supervised by a competent head, so that all confusion is avoided and complete order supervenes. JNIr. Walsh has proved his en- terprise by his public spirit and pluck in under- taking the establishment of the Washington Park Hotel, and his forethought, and experience has been amply vindicated by his marked success. H. Kellermeyer, Bottler of Beer and Liquors, 222 State Street. — The extent and importance of the bottling business are known to but very few outside of those immediately interested; for it is not an industry which makes a great deal of show as the distribution of the goods at retail is usually attended to by the dealers who do no bottling themselves. The demand for bottled goods is surely and steadily increasing and ow- ing to the numerous improvements made in bottling machinery of late years, the cost to the consumer has been greatly lessened. A thriving Bridgeport bottler is Mr. H. Kellermeyer, whose place of business is at No. 222 State street. The inception of the enterprise now conducted by him, was in 1867 under the name of J. Fick. In 1885 Mr. Fick was succeeded by the present proprietor who has added to the already large trade done by his predecessor. Mr. Kellermeyer makes a specialty of bottling the finest grades of beer and liquors, and his goods enjoy a well earn- ed reputation for purity and fine flavor. He does both a wholesale and retail business and gives prompt and carefiil attention to all orders. LEADIJSG BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 121 ifti ORU&& & :SMEDI^jSfc S71^ F. S. Stevens & Co., Wholesale and Retail Druggists, 315 Main Street. — This tirm is one of the best known in the city. It was established in 1874, by Stevens & Painter, succeeded by the present management thirteen years ago. The premises occupied consist of a fine store, 24x90 feet in area, which contains one of the most complete and varied stocks in the city. Their extensive trade, which is both wholesale and retail, extends throughout the State, eight assist- ants being kept constantly busj^ in the several departments of the busine.«s. The niembers composing the firm are F. S. Stevens, licensed pharmacist, twenty-two years in the business in Bridgeport, and E. S. Gaylord, both experienced druggists They have constantly on hand a supply of surgical instruments, obstetric for- ceps, chemical thermometers, speculunis, soft and hard catheters, elastic stockings, knee-caps, etc., roller bandages (rubber and linen), absorb- ent cotton and patent lint; also a full stock of Edward R. Squibb's goods, ('hoice wines and lio,uors, comprising Park & Tilford's Monogram rye, Lazerac brandy and Imperial sherry; Piper Heidseick, Pommery Sec it Mumm's Dry and Extra Dry; F. G. Tullidge & Co.'s pure pop corn whiskej^ no better bottled. Fine imported ci- gars, as well as the leading brands of American make can be found here. Drake's hand-made and Bagdads; Osterweis's Yalcs, Figaros, Jose Cuetos and Margaritas; Stevens' No. 5. the best five-cent cigar. Physicians will notice the full line of the Ahls felt splints, easily adjusted, a perfect fit. No trouble to set bones witli the felt splint, made to fit every bone in the body; also a j full line of crutches, trusses and supporters. In I the paint department can be found pure white lead, I Masury's railroad colors, used by everybody, best j paint made for outside or inside work. Linseed j oil, raw and boiled, spirits turpentine, puttj- and j window-glass. Pure white potash, whitewash, I lime and brushes. Parrott's celebrated vandshes, \ Wheeler's wood filler, and Crockett's spar com- position and Nos. 1 and 2 w^ood preservatives. j Prompt attention given to all ftrders and uni- I formly loiv prices; telephone call No. 4. Blast- ing powder, water proof and single tape fuse, at ! F. S. Stevens & Co., :{1."> INIain street, sole agents for Laflin k, Rand superior brands of rifie and blasting powder, Forcite powder or dynamite. Red clover blossoms, also the fluid and solid extract of red clover, as prepared by Needham & Sons, of Chicago. They are the sole agents for the above valuable preparations; cures all dis- eases of the blood. Extract of red clover is highly reconVmended in whooping-cough. Fred. Stevens' " unfailing" cough cure, a grand success; sales have steadily increased for the past ten years, but this year beats them all. Beware of cheap excuses for cough mixtures! If you have one of those terrible colds that are now going the rounds, j^ou cannot aiford to tritle with it at "tw-enty cents a bottle." Ninety-nine out of every hundred families in the city have " Ste- %'ens' Cough Cure " on hand. This is the season when you need it. Do not wait until the bottle is empty, but keep a full one on hand all the time. In conclusion we would invite all desiring any of the above articles to purchase them here and obtain first-class goods at popular prices. 122 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Mrs. E. Leverty, Millinery Goods, 469 Main Street. — The eminent success which has attended the establishment of Mrs. K. Leverty since its inception thirteen years ago, is a sufficient evi- dence of this lady's adaptation for the business. This enterprise, which is one of the most promi- Dent of its kind in Bridgeport, is devoted to the manufacture and sale of ladies' felt, plush, vel- ■vet and satin hats and bonnets, etc. This business was established by the present iproprietors in 1874, and since that date her •efforts have been crowned with unrivaled suc- "Cess, and to day her store ranks among the finest in the city. Her millinery parlors cover an area of 12x60 feet in dimensions, which are the resort of ladies of the most fastidious taste, as nowhere in the ■city are such choice and elegant selections in millinery goods displayed as at this popular estab- lishment. Mrs. Leverty gives employment to four very capable assistants, and the management of this house is under her direct supervision, espe- cially the order work department, whose skill and artistic taste is displayed in the many fine productions of this establishment. The full and complete stock of elegant millinery goods carried, together with the courteous treatment of patrons, and the prompt and efficient manner in which all orders are executed, tend to make this one of the most popular establishments in this line of trade in Bridgeport. ]VIrs. Leverty is a refined lady, well worthy of the success she has attained. Tsbell & Shannon, Pharmacists and Druggists, 379 Main Street. — Every community of any magnitude has several drug establishments and Bridgeport is not behind its sister cities in either the number or reliability of her stores engaged in this line of business. One of the most attractive of these will be found at No. 379 Main street, Messrs. Isbell & Shannon being the enterprising proprietors. The store although but recently opened by the present proprietors lias been a drug store for forty years and is the oldest in the city, commanding at present a large patronage in this section. Having been recently remodeled, every- thing is new and bright about the premises and H large and attractive stock is carried. The premises are 80x25 feet in dimensions and are eligibly located. A full line of pure drugs and medicines are at hand and prescriptions are ■carelully prepared with the utmost precaution by either one or the other of the proprietors, they both being eminently experienced in every branch of this business. The individual mem- bers of the firm are Messrs. C. C. Isbell and E. M. Shannon, the former of New Haven and the latter of Waterbury, both gentlemen well known in this vicinity tis being thoroughly reliable and Iionorable in their dealings with all. They fully •deserve the encouragement and patronage of the .public. stand as conspicuous monuments to the skill, energy and business ability which have control- led and directed their affairs. Among these no more noticeable example can be quoted than that of the above-named house, whicli was estab- lished by the present proprietor, Mr. Louis Held, in 1876. The premises utilized for the business are located at 209 Main street and cover an area of 20x60 feet, and consist of a very complete and attractive store, where will be found a choice selection of meats, etc. The retail trade of this house requires the assistance of two capable clerks and the details of this business are handled in a most efficient manner. Mr. Held gives particular personal attention to the pur- chasing of his varied and extensive stock, which embraces the best variety of beef, pork, veal, mutton, hams, bacon, and sausage, also oysters, canned goods, condiments, etc. Mr. Louis Held is a native of Germany, a gentleman possessing unusual business ability. No establishment in the city furnishes a more striking illustration of the result of enterprise, vigorous and persistent work and splendid management, than the subject of this sketch. Louis Held, Dealer in Beef, Pork, Veal, IMut- ton, etc.. No. 209 Main Street. — Widely noted as Bridgeport is as an important business center, .there aie among her many important stores some whose ipre eminence in their respective lines S. F. Raymond, Dealer in Groceries, Provis- ions, Fruits and Vegetables, 234 State Street. — Among those houses which have been long and closely identified with the commercial growth of this city that of S. F. Raymond occupies a con- spicuous position, in which it bids fair to con- tinue. Mr. Raymond has been in the grocery business for twenty five years, establishing him- self in Bridgeport in 1862. The premises occupied are 30x70 feet in dimen- sions, comprising one of the largest and finest grocery stores in the city, located at 234 State street, where will be found a complete and exten- sive stock of staple and fancy groceries, flour, teas, coffees, vegetables and canned goods, in fact everything to be found in a first-class estab- lishment of this kind can be purchased at the most reasonable prices. From its first establish- ment this house has been a favorite source of supply in this line. Those who come here for the first time will find a large and superior stock from which to make selections and will experi- ence the benefits of the pursuance of a liberal policy and an obliging promptness such as is in accordance with the honorable record of such a long-established house. Harry Nichols' Market, Dealer in Meat, Fish and Vegetables, 882 State Street. — To show what this city produces and what it has to supply, the extent and character of her resources, and the attractions she offers to capital for permanent in- vestment, and to the trade as a purchasing cen- ter, is the mission of this volume, and among those houses which have done so much to build up the meat, fish and vegetable trade of the city, the most casual observer must accord to the liouse of Mr. Harry Nichols a prominent ))osi- tion. This market was founded in 1877 by Messrs Nichols & Booth, and in 1878 Mr. Harry Nichols assumed full control of the business, since which date it has gained a wide-spread reputation, and to-daj' is recognized as one of the most attractive and well arranged markets in Bridgeport. It has a floorage of 60x20 feet. LEADII^G BUSmESS MEN OP' BlUDQEPORT. 12a The stock consists of a vari. ly almost too numer- ous to mcution, and embraces all kinds of meats, fish and vegetables, butter, eggs, cheese and canned goods, all of which are guaranteed to be of the best quality to be obtained in the city. The extensive retail trade gives employment to three very capable assistants and the entire busi- ness is most ably managed under the direct per- sonal supervision of the propriet(n-s. ISIr. Nichols is a native of Stepney, Connecticut, a gentleman ■whose extended experience makes him fully acquainted with the wants of the public, and he is lully able to supply any demands made upon him. Stephen Osborne, Stationer and Newsdealer, 6G1 State Street.— While reviewing the commer- cial interests and enterprises of Bridgeport we must not in any manner fail to do justice to those establishments that do so much to elevate society by the dissemination of the products of the printing press, and to provide for their use such aids to refinement and education as may be required. We have reference to the well known house of Stephen Osborne, which is the leading representative of this line of trade in the West End. The house was founded in 1882 by Messrs. Buckley & Kobbins and changed to its present title in March 1887. The premises occupied for the business are specially well arranged for its transaction, being located at 6G1 State street, and cover an area of 35x15 feet in dimensions. The stock carried by this house includes such a variety as would be expected in the larger estab- lishments of metropolitan cities, and reflects in a creditable manner the tastes and character of the community. It includes a full line of stationers' and newsdealers' goods, and in fact everything that would go to make up a complete and first- class stock. In addition to the above-named goods Mr. Osborne carries a fine line of confec- tionery, ice cream, etc., which are guaranteed to be fresh and free from all injurious qualities. Mr. Osborne is a native of New Milford, Connec- ticut, and a highly respected citizen of Bridge- port. Hulton Bros., Dealers in Meats, Vegetables and Fruits, (503 State Street.— Among those in- dustries that it becomes the special province of this work to display, the enterprise of the Hulton Bros, deserves prominent mention. Identified so closely with the growth and commercial well being of the city, tbey occupy a place of a most interesting character as relates to house and table supplies. The actual number of beeves, hogs, sheep, etc., annually slaughtered for this market runs into thousands, to say nothing of the poultry and game. But leaving these statistical items for their appropriate place we refer our readers to the establishment of Messrs. Hulton Bros., w^hich was founded in Jan. 1887, since which time they have enjoyed a well-merited reputation for the reliable quality of stock kept on hand, which embraces choice beef, veal, mut- ton, lamb, pork, lard, etc., also canned goods, vegetables, fruits, pure milk, etc., etc. The premises utilized for this business are located at 668 State street and its large retail trade extends throughout the citv. The individual members of the firm are Mr. H. J. and P. J. Hulton, both natives of Bridgeport and highly esteemed citi- zens of this community, Mr. H. J. Hulton being a member of the Knights of Columbus, and both are members of the VVest End Social Club. A. S. Bodine, Manufacturing Stationer, Steam Printer and Lithot;rapher, Ollice Room 11, Con- necticut National Bank Building.— The business of the stationer is one that alTords a pretly sur3 criterion of tlie state of culture of tlie community in which it is carried on, for the varying needs of the people from either a business or a social point of view are quickly and accurately reflected l)y the stationery for which there is the most demand. A manufacturing stationer, steam printer and lithographer who may reasonably be expected to have a tolerably accurate idea of the wants of the people as he has been engaged in serving them in this direction for over a score of years, is Mr. A. S. Bodine, whose Bridgeport ofiice is in the Connecticut National Bank Building, Room 11. . ^T ^- . n-t Mr. Bodine began business m New i ork City as a manufacturing stationer, in 1866, and has carried on his office in this city since 1884. His goods are manufactured solely for consumers, and from ten to twelve employees are kept busy attending to the many orders constantly coming ill- . , . In connection with his stationery business, steam printing and lithographing are extensively carried on, and orders in either or both of these- lines will receive prompt attention and will be executed in the highest style of the art. Clarence H. Bradley, Dealer in Beef, IMutton, Lamb, Veal, Vegetables, Fruits, of all kinds in their season. No. 227 Fairfield Avenue.— The o-reat cry of the average man is for good meat and plenty of it, and when they find a reliable place where fresh and fine goods can be bought at reasonable prices they will be apt to continue as steady patrons. In tins connection we would beg to call the attention of our numerous readers to "the newly established house of Clarence H. Bradley located at No. 227 Fairfield Avenue Here may be found a choice and well selected assortment of beef, mutton, lamb, veal, vegeta- bles and fruits of all kinds in their season. Mr. Bradley enjoys every facility for providing his entire trade in a prompt, neat and attentive manner, with all kinds of meat from the best stock to be found, and at price's fair and reason- able. .„ The premises occupied cover an area or iy)\iy} feet and are admirably arranged for the business, which has every indication of being an extensive one Polite and attentive assistants are em- ployed, and all orders are called for and deliv- ered free of charge, if desired. . Mr Bradley is a native of Bridgeport, and is a young man well and favorably known through- out the city. He is very accommodating, and. possessed of ability to conduct the busmess he has undertaken. We confidently recoinmend his establishment to our many readers, feeling assured they will receive a full equivalent for- their money. 124 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. contains the names of those who to a man fully deserve and merit the con- tidence reposed in their business sagacity and honor. The People's Savings Bank of Bridgeport, Incorporated I860.— It is difficult to over-esti- mate the good which may be done in a com- munity by a well managed and perfectly secure savings institution, and where such establish- ments are found a grade of population percep- tibly higher than the average is sure to be noticed. Inculcating as they do principles of thrift and economy, and by example and precept striving to make the community at large more economical and prosperous, they form a conservative force w^hose importance is not fully appreciated, save in times of trial, when it becomes apparent to every one. The People's Savings Bank of Bridgeport cer- tainly needs no eulogy from us, for during the quarter century and more which it has been es tal)lished, it has surely worked its way to a high and secure position in the minds of the people. How well it merits the name of "People's" Savings Bank will be seen from the treasurer's report of October, 1886, at which time deposits to the amount of $1,734,364.32 were due 5,039 depositors or, in otrlier words, the average de- posit was but a small fraction over $344.18. No extensive capitalists here you will see but the hard earned savings of the " plain people," as glorious " Old Abe " used to call them. The re- sponsibility of the judicious investment of the enormous sum total is shown by the following w^ell-known citizens: President, Geo. B, Waller; First Vice-President. William E. Seely; Second Vice-President, Samuel VV. Baldwin; Secretary and Treasurer, Edward W. Marsh; Trustees, D. W. Kissam, Eli C. Smith, John E. Pond, F. A. Bartram, Elbert E. Hubbell, Wm. H. Bockwell, Henry Atwater, Enoch P. Hincks, Asa S. Par- sons; Bookkeeper and Teller, Frank Hubbard. It will be seen that the list is a strong one, and The Sterling Restaurant, 365 Main Street, Jesse Sands, Proprietor. — Whatever may have been the case in the jiast, Bridgeport now possesses a rnstaurant which, in the completeness and elegance of its appointments and the promptness and courtesy of its service, can safely and confidently in- vite comparison witli any similar es- tablishment in the State. We regret that our limited space forbids our giving a detailed de- scription of the expensive decoration and superb accessories of this palatial cafe, but as after all, no account of them, however elaborate, could pro- perly present them to our readers, we will simply urge them to call at No. 365 Main street, and see and admire for themselves. A visit will show to all that not only liberality and taste, but also large experience must have been possessed by whoever founded so admirable and complete an estab- lishment, and this is indeed the case, as Mr. Jesse Sands, the proprietor, is a native of New York City, and has long been familiar with similar insti- tutions conducted on a scale of metropolitan masnificence. The apartment is of the dimensions of 20x80 feet, and a large number of guests can be accom- modated and promptly served, as fifteen courte- ous and efiicient employes are at hand. Ladies, especially, will find the cafe highly satisfactory, for while everj'lhing is of the best, the prices are very reasonable and the patronage select. Mr. Sands makes a specialty of catering for societies and clubs and has a separate room, ele- gant in its appointments, for the use of societies. Behning & Son's, Bridgeport Ageuc3^ _53 Main Street, W. F. '" growing opulence of Mader, Manager. — The Bridgeport has been so marked during the past few years as to have oc- casioned a considerable increase in those lines of trade and industry which administer to the LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRinGEPORT. 120 pleasure of the people and which cannot be strictly called necessities. As an evidence of the truth of this statement, the well-known piano niamifaclurers, Messrs. Behning & Son, of New York, have established branch wareroomsfor the sale of their instruments at No. ~)?,2 Main street and are doing (piite a prosperous and satisfactory trade. The superior quality of the "Behning" pianos and the honorable business methods of this house having won for them the coulidence of the peo- ple, whose unanimous verdict is tliat "Behning Piano is the Favorite," "We feel safe in buying a Behning piano." The Behning pianos certainly have a richness, purity and sweetness of tone and a delicacy of touch that is unrivaled, and are noted for their durability and standing in tune. A full line of these pianos are always kept in stock at their warerooms, 533 Main street, con- sisting of grands, uprights and squares in rose- wood, French walnut, maliogan}', cocobola and ebonized cases — all hand polished and finished in A No. 1 style. The trade of this branch store is chiefly confined to this city and vicinity. ]Mr. W. F. Mader, who has been connected with Messrs. Behning & Son for a number of y^ears in New York city, has charge of the busi- ness here and is well worthy of the patronage he has received and the success he has met with. Messrs. Behning & Son are always glad to have ■customers call at their factory on 128th street be- tween Third and Lexington avenues in New York city, and will be glad to show them their pianos in every stage of construction. The Pierce Manufacturing Company, Con- tractors for Building Sewers, Drains, Wells, Cisterns, etc.; also. Manufacturers of Cement Pipe, Chimney Top-, Garden Vases, etc.; Office and Pipe >V'orks, Junction Hou«atonic and N. Washington Avenues. — In a wide field of useful- ness the Pierce Manufacturing Company have for ten years successfully conducted one of Bridgeport's leading industries, and in tiieir special line they are practicall}' without compe- tition. The company are large contractors for building sewers, drains, wells, cisterns, etc., and have unsurpassed facilities for conducting operations on a mo,st extensive scale, and in the most per- fect manner. To meet the requirements of their trade, the concern estal)iished extensive works for the manuf\icture of cement well jjipe, chim- ney tops, garden vases, the plant being eligibly located for their purposes, at the junction of liousatonic and N. Washington Avenues. The pipe, etc., is made of Ko.sendale and Portland cement and gravel, hardened by carbonic acid gas, and the product is as durable us granite. A specialty is made of 30 inch well pijjc, and for this purpose the product of these works is unequaled, either as to cheapness or din-al/ility. The house makes contracts for all kinds of .sew- erage, drain, well and cistern work, and guaran- tees the nearest possible approach lo perfection of workmanship and fullest satisfaction as to prices. Steam pumping and hoisting of all kinds, rock drilling and excavating is done with dis- patch, and the push and promptitude of the com- pany has established them in general confidence. Mr. E. W. Dewhurst is the president, and Mr. C. E. Williams is the secretary and treasurer of the company. They are both Connecticut men by birth and are always named among the suc- cessful business men and inlluential citizens of the place. The company employs from forty to fifty workmen, and their ability to finish their work promptly and accurately, and their reliability in all they undertake, constitute the secret of their decided success. C. Russell & Co., Wholesale and Retail Gro- cers and Bakers, 335 Main Street. — One of the best known business enterprises in the city is that carried on under the firm name of C. Bus- sell & Co., grocers and bakers, at No. 335 Main street, corner of Bank. This time-honored establishment was founded forty years ago, bj^ Mr. Chester Russell, and was carried on as the "City Bakery and Gro- cery," up to a few years ago, by that gentleman alone, when Messrs. Arthur J. Cable and W. C. Russell were taken into partnership and business has since been conducted under the present style. A large, double store is occupied of the dimen- sions of 40x100 feet, and a very large wholesale and retail business is done, ten assistants lieing required lo bundle the many orders received. The several members of the firm are all natives of this State, and more enterpri-sing and pro- gressive men of business are not to be found in this city. The establishment is the largest of the kind in Bridgeport, and a very complete stock of staple and fancy groceries is constantly on hand. Bread, cake and pastry are also sold in large quantities, and a most excellent lunch room is connected which is very largel}' patronized. All goods are sold at tlie lowest market rates, as the magnitude of the firm's operations enables it to successfully meet all competition. 126 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. John Kearns, Practical Plumbing and Gas- Fitting, No. 97 Middle [Street. — Among the many perplexing questions which the average house- holder has to bother his head over, one of the most important and puzzling is: " Who shall I have to do my repairing? " We refer more espe- cially to such repairs as may be required on the water, drain and gas-pipes. The question is puzzling, we say, not because it is hard to find one who will undertake the job, but on account of the unskiilfulness or unfaith- fulness of many of those who advertise to do such work. In this connection we take great pleasuie in bringing to the a'tention of our readers the establishment of Mr. John Kearns, located at No. 97 Middle street, for after his fifteen years of experience in such w^ork, we feel that he is able, and we know that he is willing, to do repairing of this nature promptly, thor- oughl}'^ and clieaply. He started his present business September 1, 1886, and has alreadj^ suc- ceeded in building up a large trade. Practical tinning, plumbing and gas-fitting is done, and tin roofing and sheet-iron, zinc and copper work of all descriptions is also made. Jobbing is promptly attended to, and a specialty is made of hot-air furnace work. It is guaranteed that all orders in any of these lines will be filled in a perfectly satisfactory manner, and the prices are reasonable and just. Elm Street Livery Stable, S. L. Wakelee, Proprietor, Nos. 73 and 75 Elm Street. — One of the important livery establishments of the city is the "Elm Street Livery Stable," the prop- rietor being Mr. S. L. Wakelee, and located at Nos. 73 and 75 Elm street. The business estab- lished by this enterprising gentleman, 17 years ago, has rapidly grown in public favor. The needs of the business demand the services of several experienced employes. The stable occu- pied is a fine brick structure, with ample accom- modations for the care of a large number of horses and vehicles, and an air of neatness per- vades the establishment. Mr. Wakelee has on hand a large number of fine teams at all times for livery purposes, including single carriages, rockaways, hacks, etc., these will be furnished for ail occasions on short notice and at most rea- sonable prices. Mr. Wsdvclee spares no pains in his industrious efforts to please the public. The stables have a good location, and the genial and obliging proprietor deserves the continued success which is assured to him. Coaches and coupes are a specialty, which are furnished by the hour at very reasonable rates. F. Drueke, Wig, Toupee and Hair Goods Manufacturer, corner Main and State Streets, Savings Bank Building. — The manufacture of hair goods should be regarded as an art, founded on a more literal and accurate reproduction of nature than the world has yet seen. Among the leading and most noted establishments devoted to this line of business in Bridgeport is that of Mr. F. Drueke, whose house was established in 1866, and from the first has steadily increased in popularity. The premises utilized for the busi- ness are located at the corner of Main and State streets, and cover an area of 15 by 60 feet in dimensions, comprising a finely appointed store with artistically arranged show cases and win- dows, with a work-room in the rear, where six thoroughly competent persons are constantly employed in making all kinds of hair goods. Mr. Drueke carries one of the very finest stocks of hair goods to be obtained in this city, includ- ing wigs, toupees, braids and switches of the finest hair, half wigs, curls, etc., of every color and shade at low prices. A specialty is made of order work, which is promptly attended to and executed in the best manner possible. Also par- ticular attention is paid to ladies' and children's hair cutting and dressing. Mr. F. Drueke is one of the oldest and most skilled arti.sts in his profession in Bridgeport. He is liberal, prompt and reliable, facts which are the best guaranty that patrons will be served in the best and most satisfactory manner. O. S. Piatt, Pattern Maker of all kinds, and'- fine work in Wood or Metal, 99 Cannon Street. — In keeping with the design of this work, we- call the attention of our readers to Mr. O. S. Piatt, who is concerned in the industrj- indicated in our heading. It was established in 1882 by the present proprietor, and in 1883 its style was changed to O. S. Piatt & Co., this continued un- til 1887, when it again became as at present. The premises utilized for this business comprise one floor, covering an area of 60 by 90 feet in dimensions, which is in every way admirably constituted for its specific purposes, and located at 99 Cannon street. It is here that pal tern making of all kinds is executed, and every facility^ and appliance requisite to the business is at hand, operated by steam. In addition to pattern making, all kinds of fine work in wood or metal is performed in the highest style of the art, also wood handles for lubricators, valves, gauge cocks, etc., a specialty. Employment is given to eight thoroughly experienced and .'kill- ful workmen, and the entire management of this extensive business is under the direct supervision of the proprietor. Mr. Piatt is a native of Can- ton, Pa., a gentleman of Icmg experience in the business and practically acquainted with all its details, and our readers will realize the import- ance of this house to the trade and community. Mrs. A B. Frye, Dealer in Confectionery, Ice Cream, etc., and Fancj' Goods, 277 East Main Street. — A house engaged in the handling of confectionery, ice cream and foreign and domestic fruits, is the one conducted by 5lrs. A. B. Frye, located at 277 East Main street. This store was established in 1885, and has already gained a steadily increasing retail trade. The premises utilized for the business consist of a store 18x45 feet in size, which is neat and at- tractive in appearance; here is temptingly dis- played the stock of fine confectionery and foreign and domestic fruits, nuts, etc., and in the rear an attractive ice cream parlor. Mrs. Frye also carries in addition to the above-named class of goods a full and complete stock of fancy goods, books and stationery, and a choice selection of tobacco and cigars. Mrs. Frye is a native of Connecticut, and is thoroughl}' experienced in all the de'ails of the business, to which she gives her close personal attention. LEADIJSG BUSINESS MEN OF UltlDGEPOIiT. 127 Watson L. Wentworth, Dealer in Furniture, Silver Plated Ware, etc., Agent for the Knabe. Behr Bros., Pease, Marshall and Wendell Pianos, and Burdett Organs, the Farren Bros., Rolling and Adjustable Spring JIattresses, Clocks and Wringers, Sold on Easy Payments, Nichols Block, 4ol Broad, Corner John Street.— J:-: M^ OPEN. CLOSED. The opportunities offered to the people of Bridgeport and vicinity for procuring furniture, pianos, organs, plated ware, mattresses, clothes- wringers, clocks, etc., by Mr. Watson L. Went- worth, No. 431 Broad, corner John street, on easy payments at cash prices, make his establish- ment the popular resort for those in quest of this class of merchandise in this place. The business was established by Mr. Went- worth in November, 1886, and in the few months which have intervened, his tact and worth have since developed a large and steadily growing trade. The premises are commodious, comprising two large ware rooms, 30x00 feet each in dinif u- sions, and the stock in trade is always complete, varied and of standard excellence. At lowest cash rates, Mr. Wentworth supplies the best goods in his line, including parlor and chamber suits, every description of first class plated ware, the celebrated Farren Bros, spring mattresses, and the best makes of clothes-wringers, guaran- teeing satisfaction as to quality and prices. He is the agent for the famous Knabe, Behr Bros., Pease, Marshall & Wendell Pinnos and Organs, which are recognized by musical experts, professional and amateur, as unsurpassed in quality of tone and touch, and for durability of any in use. Mr. Wentworth's facilities for trading on the most accommodating terms are unsurpa.ssed, and his great success is the natural sequence of his energy and liberal dealing. He is a native of Massachusetts, and has been engaged in mercantile business in Bridgeport for five years, and is well and widely known and universally esteemed for his business and personal qualities. Mr. Wentworth can furnish profitable emploj'- ment for active agents, who will do well to write for particulars. liouis K. Young, Stair Builder; Manufacturer of Stairs, Hails, Balusters, Newels, etc., Sawing, Turning and Specialties; Shop at Kay's Mill, 048 Main Street. — Few parts of a house, and espec- ially of a dwelling house, admit of more op- portunities for architectural display than i\o the stairways. Tliat is, if the space allowed them be suflicient. Too often the stairways are ap- parently regarded as necessary evils, and jammed into some dark corner of the building, where the space occupied will be as little missed as possible. This is unfortunate, to say the least, for a well proportioned flight of stairs, properly equipped with appropriate railing, balusters etc., is cap- able of adding much to the appearance of any house. One of the best known stair builders in this city is Mr. Lewis K. Young, whose shop is at Ray's Mill, No. 048 Main street. The business conducted by him was founded in East Bridge- port i)y Mr. C. N. Whitten, in the year 1873 and iu 1878 Mr. Young became associated with him under the firm name of Young & Whitten, this being changed, in 1885, to its present form, Lewis K. Young. The shop is 80x40 feet in dimensions, and in it is carried on the manufacture of stair-rails, newels, balusters, etc., as well as of certain specialties, prominent among which are lawn tennis rackets. Sawing and turning aie also done to order. 3[r. Young was born in this city, and is carry- ing on one of the most successful establishments of its kind within its borders. W. Dieringer, Dealer in IMeats, Vegetables, etc., 65 Warren Avenue. — There is no branch of industry of more importance than that which furnishes the people with provisions. Next to bread, beef and pork are among the most impor- tant articles of food with civilized nations, and the enormous demand for these food supplies has resulted in the establishment of extensive houses in every large trade center. In this particular, Bridgeport is not behind the times, as will be seen liy a visit to the house of Mr. W. Dieringer, which holds a prominence in this line of trade. This house was established by Mr. Dieringer in 1875, and he has since con- trolled a large and growing retail trade, which extends throughout "the city and viciuitj-. The premises occupied for the transaction of the business consist of a store 18x45 feet in size, located at 65 Warren avenue, which is fitted up and arranged with special reference to the busi- ness. This store will be found at all times to be neat, clean and attractive in appearance. The im- provements for the preservation of perishable articles are here found in successful operation, thus insuring the freshness of the articles dealt in, which include a choice .selection of beef, pork, mutton, hams, bologna sausage, vegetables of all kinds in their season. 3Ir. W. Dieringer, who is a native of Germany, is a gentleman of experience and practical knowl- edge of the business, and is well known and esteemed intliis community. He is fully entitled to the prominence he holds in the trade by rea- son of his fair and honorable manner of transact- ing business. 128 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. :.^:^^ Rogers' Farm Dairy, Noah Rogers, Pro- prietor, Pure Milk and Cream, expressly for for family use, OfBce 114 Fairfield Avenue — So largely dependent upon the purity of dairy products is the health and comfort of the people of any community, that the best efforts of humanitarians, scientists and municipal and State authorities have been directed toward se- curing the highest possible degree of excellence in these indispensable articles of food. In this regard the people of Bridgeport are to be congratulated, possessing as they do one of the best regulated and most complete dairies in the county. The Rogers' Farm Dairy, to which we refer, was established ten years ago by Mr. Noah Rogers, of the wholesale grocery firm of Rogers & Morford, the proprietor of one of the finest dairy farms in the State. He supplies pure milk and cream for family use, and his motto of " Purity and Cleanliness," religiously adhered to, is the secret of the great success of the enterprise. Mr. Noah Rogers, the proprietor, owns a large herd of blooded cattle, and the farm, under the able management of ]\Ir. William N. Rogers, is a model worthy of emulation in every partic- ular. Rich, pure milk and cream are furnished fresh from the farm in large or small quantities daily, and at prices which for first-class merchandise is certainly reasonable, and the methods and pro- bity of the Messrs. Rogers commands the fullest faith and esteem of their patrons. Mr. Rogers is a native of North Cornwall, Conn., and his enterprise has met with gratify- ing recognition in a large and steadily increasing patronage. The office of the Rogers Farm Dairy is at 114 Fairfield avenue. S. W. Gledhill, "Wholesale Dealer in Woolen and Cotton Rags, Paper Stock, Metals, etc., all kinds of Wrapping Paper, Second-Haud Ma- chinery, Wiping Waste and Rags, 4, 6, and 8 Union Street. — The business over which Mr. S. W. Gledhill presides was established in 1881, and has since been continuously conducted under the same management. The premises occupied consist of a four-story building 100x200 feet in dimensions, which is divided into departments for storage of paper stock and metals and for sorting paper and rags. A number of hands are employed in this business, and upon occasions of extraordinary demand an extra force is put on. The facilities and resources of this house in respect to woolen and cotton paper stock is commensurate with the demands of the market. To peddlers the house offers special advantages and buy all kinds of metals at the highest prices for cash. This house also deals in all kinds of wrapping paper, second hand ma- chinery and Aviping waste and rags. The warehouse is located at Nos. 4, 6 and 8 Union street, and is one of the leading houses in Bridgeport en- gaged in this line. Mr. Gledhill is a native of Corn- wall, Conn., and has resided in this city many years; he ha^; had a large experience in this busi- ness, and thoroughly understands it in every de- tail and conducts it in a manner that has acquired for him the respect and consideration of this community, of all which none are more worthy. We commend Mr. Gledhill and his enterprise to those of our readers who may be interested, assuring them that business relations once entered upon will prove not only pleasant but profit- able. S. W. Gledhill is also proprietor of the largest jewelry store in Middlesex County, located at Essex, Conn. ; also of the largest and only mat- tress manufactory of New London County, located at New London, where they carry a fine stock of first-class goods. W. B. Bostwick, Real Estate, West End, 661 State Street. — The growth of this city in the section known as the West End is remarkable, and being finely located it is certainly one of the most desirable parts of the city, being near that most beautiful spot. Seaside Park, and also with- in easy access by horse cars of tlie business por- tion. Mr. W. B. Bostwick has done much towards bringing up real estate in this section, and offers houses or lots on most favorable terms. Parties will find it a great advantage to deal with him as being the owner himself they can make much more reasonable terms than through a third party. Mr. Bostwick's office is located at No. 661 State street and is admirablj' arranged and locat- ed for the business and as he is gifted with un- usual enterprise and ability of management he has built up a large trade. He enjoys the esteem of a large circle of friends and is a popular citizen. His rent department is under the able and efficient management of jVIr. Stephen Os- born, who attends to the collecting, etc. We advise all contemplating buying land or houses to give Mr. Bostwick a call and we feel assured tbey will feel amply repaid. This gentleman has just purchased a tract of 100 acres of land which being bounded on three sides by deep water, is navigable by vessels of heavy draught. The advantage of this land possessing as it does ample railroad facilities will be readily seen b}' manufacturers. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 129 Nichols, Peck & Co., Carriage Manufacturers, Rockaway and Depot Wagons a Specialty, 97 and 99 John Street.— This old and responsihle house was founded in 1843, and has always held a prominent place among the important indus- trial interests of Bridgeport. Since the death of ISIr. Peck, nearly thirtyyears ago, the business has been conducted with signal success by jNIessrs. Geo. K. Nichols and Carlos W. Blackman, and the reputation of the old house for the superior styles and quality of its products has always been maintained. The works of Messrs. Nichols, Peck & Co. are located at Nos. 97 and 99 John street, and are in every regard complete and thoroughly ctiuipped, the machinery, which is of the latest improved designs, being operated by steam. The main building is a substantial four-story structure 00x125 feet in dimensions, and a large force of skilled workmen are employed in the various departments in the manufacture of car- riages of all kinds. The firm make a specialty of Rockaways and Depot Wagons ; for the styles, finish and durabil- ity, they enjoy well-earned distinction, and the demand for these specialties is large and con- stant, their trade extending to all points of this and adjoining States. Messrs. Nichols & Blackman are exj^erienced practical carriage builders, and supervise in per- son, all the materials used and every detail of workmanship, and with every vehicle they give a guarantee as to durability and general excel- lence. They keep in stock a large assortment of fin- ished carriages and wagons, and make special work to order with dispatch, and in the most sat- isfactory manner. They are prompt, liberal and reliable in their engagements and enjoy the full confidence of their trade and correspondents, and fellow-citizens as well. Devitt Bros., 'Groceries and Meat Market, Best Kind of Beef, etc., corner Harrall Avenue and Pequonnock Street. — Among the old establish- ed houses engaged in the grocery and provision trade in this city we find Devitt Brothers, locat- ed at the corner of Harrall avenue and Pequon- nock street. This business was established thirty-seven years ago in 18.10 by the present management, having undergone no changes in that space of time, and having met with unusual success since its start. The store occupied consists of one story and basement, and covers an area of 44x44 feet. It is stocked with a choice line of goods, including tea, coffee, spices, sugar, flour, and the many articles usually found in a first-class grocery establishment. Employment is given to five competent assis- tants, and all customers are waited upon in a po- lite and attentive manner, orders being promptly and carefully filled and delivered. The facilities enjoyed by this house for obtaining first-class goods are unsurpassed by any of its contempora- ries, and the prices are as reasonable as any store in the citJ^ The members of the firm are active and intelli gent business men fully understanding every de- tail, and their aim is to cater satisfactorily to their numerous customers as well as to the pub- lic in general. Mr. James Devitt has been a member of the Common Council for one year and is well and favorably known. Allen's Real Estate and Broker's Office. Property Rented and Rents Collected; F. C. Allen, Manager, Arnold Building, 275 :Main Street.— In a work of this character, which relates to the commerce, resources and industrial advance of the city, it will not ill become us to speak of the business of a gentleman who, although a young man, is alive and up to the tinies, and has ever taken an active part in Bridgeport's prosperity and well-being. At this period of writing he is concerned in the pursuits embraced under the above headings. We refer to Mr. F. C. Allen, whose real estate, employment and broker's oflSce is located at 275 Main street, in the Arnold Building. Mr. Allen attends to all kinds of real estate business, such as buying, selling and renting property. In this he transacts a large and first class trade. He always has a large list of valuable properties for sale nnd rent, and his thrirough, prompt and honorable methods have built up his large and successful business, and won for him an emi- nently fine reputation. Rents are collected, and the general manage- ment assumed of estates, if desired, thus reliev- ing large property holders of a great deal of trouble and annoyance. Mr. Allen being a native, born and brought up in this city, is well and favorably known in this community, and it is with pleasure that we extend to him this merited courtesy. His office is also the best place in the city where domestic help of all kinds can be secured at short notice. A call at his new office will convince all that he is a wide-awake business man. H. Hayward, Dealer in Beef, Pork, Mutton, Veal, Poultry, Etc., Vegetables in their Season. Excelsior Market, corner South and West Ave- nues. — It is always pleasant to do business with an establishment that carries a large and fresh stock of the goods in which it deals, for not only is satisfaction more surely guaranteed by reason of the greater latitude of choice possible, but there is invariably an air of prosperity and thrift permeating the premises which is both gratifying and attractive. A. business enterprise of this character that has been carried on for a score of years by its founder and present proprietor is that known as the Excelsior Market conducted by Mr. H. Hayward at the corner of South and West avenues. This gentleman, who is a native of England, inaugurated this business in 1867 and has built up a large, desirable and growing trade by strict application and careful study of I his customers needs. His store is 60x25 feet in dimensions and contains and well selected assort- ment of beef, pork, veal, mutton, poultry, hams, etc., as well as all kinds of vegetables in their seasons. While only reliable goods are offered the prices rule very low, and as two eflicient assistants are employed, patrons are served promptly and courteously. During the many years this establishment has catered to the public it has gained a high reputation which will no , doubt be fully maintained in the future. 130 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Henry N. Ayers, Dealer in Boots and Shoes, 381 Main Street, Bridgeport. — A well known house, whose reputation for keeping a full and desirable line of first-class Boots and Shoes is that of Henry N. Ayres. This is one of the hand- somest stores in the city, with plenty of sun- shine, and a general air of neatness and order that speaks well for the systematic management of its affairs. With ample capacity to transact their increasing business, the house is able to meet the most exacting demands of its patrons, and take advantage of all the new styles on their first appearance upon the market. AVhile confined to the retail trade exclusively, the transactions in aggregate assume a wholesale magnitude, both in stock and sales; a large corps of assistants are required, and the general character of the stock is all that can be desired, embracing the goods of the most celebrated manufacturers, and ex- pressh' adapted for the trade; and the slimmest or the fullest foot can be accommodated to per- fection in all styles of goods. In view of the facts enumerated, it is not sur- prising that the house to which we refer has achieved such marked prominence in the busi- ness. Mr. Ayers is to-day a representative deal- er in his vocation, not only in view of his long experience and systematic management, but he is also equally conspicuous for enterprise and liberality in all his dealings. As a result the very best class of customers have become perma- nent patrons. Merwrin House, Fairfield, Lyman IMerwin, Prop. — One of the most charming of summer resorts in Connecticut is the Merwin House. The house is situated in the charming and his- torical town of Fairfield, celebrated for its mag- nificent drives, beautiful residences, shaded streets, good churches and the best boating and bathing facilities on the coast. A finer beach cannot be found. An excellent ; livery is another feature not to be despised in the country. Its contiguitj^ to New York City, reached by either the New Haven and Hartford ' railroad, or by Nor walk or Bridgeport steam- boats, renders this famous resort of especial value i to business men and their families, while the salubrity of its climate and absolute freedom from malaria or any contagious diseases ensures conditions of health of the greatest value. The Merwin House is one of the best as well as the oldest house in town, and is under the able ■ and efficient management of Mr. Lyman Mer- I win, who is a genial and clever gentleman. The building occupied for hotel purposes is a large wooden structure of three stories, finely located at the junction of two of the principal streets in town. It is kept in thorough repair both inside and out, and presents a beautiful and homelike appearance. It has sixty-five rooms all finely furnished and neatly kept, and no pains are spared to add to the pleasure and comfort of the guests. The house is a favorite one among pleasure seekers as well as business men, and our readers who visit Fairfield can rest assured of being well cared for, and at as low rates as first class accommodations can be had. Bountiful fare is provided, the cuisine being first class in all its appointments. Polite and at- tentive service is rendered to all, and everything possible is done to make it as homelike as possi- ble to guests. Mr. Merwin, the proprietor, has long been con- nected with the enterprise, and is a gentleman of long and thorough experience in the business. Carriages meet all the trains at the depot, con- vey guests to and from the house, and trunks are delivered free of charge. Terms are reasonable and can be had on application. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORWALK. Like many other New England cities, Norwalk owes its existence to the wise forethought and action of a few able men. Before any of the various settlements in the present State of Connecticut had become firmly established, Avhile the foundation stones were being laid in Hartford and New Haven, Roger Ludlow, an English settler, about whom very little is now known, in 1640 made negotiations for the pur- chase from the Indians of territory, including part of the City of Norwalk. A fcAv years later these purchases were followed up by another of Captain Daniel Patrick's, of whom the name is about all that has survived in history. These two pieces of land included Norwalk, and also the towns of New Canaan and AVilton. The name of Norwalk is derived from its situation, for, according to the original bargain of 1640, "the northern bounds of the lands purchased were to extend from the sea one day's ' north loalJc ' into the country." In 1649, Nathan Ely and Richard Olmstead were given permission by the General Court to settle here, and the town came to be definitely known as Norwalk. At this time there were about twenty families in the settlement. Four years later it was vested with town privileges by the Court. The town now began to steadily increase, many of the best settlers in other parts of the State being attracted hither by its beautiful and advantageous situation. In the formation of the Colonial Constitution, at the union of Connecticut and New Haven in 1665, and also in the government of the Colony from that time on, many of Norwalk's citizens took an important part. In the war with King Philip, the in- habitants were, for the first time, called upon to bear arms for the Colony, on which occasion a large proportion of the fifty able-bodied men in the place volunteered and did excellent service. Norwalk sustained its duty with honor in all the colonial wars with the Indians and French up to the time of the Revolution. The office of Governor of the Colony was held by a citizen of Norwalk, Thomas Fitch, from 1754 to 1766. Governor Fitch also rendered valuable service to the Colony as Lieutenant-Governor, from 1750 to 1754, as Chief Judge for four years, and as a member of the committee appointed by the legislature to revise the laws of the Colony. He died in 1774, and there are few names in the early history of Connecticut which represent more important services or redound more to the honor of the State than that of Governor Fitch, of Norwalk. The Revolutionary "War made a heavy draft upon the men and resources of Nor- walk, which it Avas not slow to respond to generously. On the 11th of July, 1779, the town was taken and burnt during an invasion of the British. Tryon, the nominal British Governor of Connecticut, and General Garth made a sudden descent upon 132 NOR WALK, PAST AND PRESENT. Norwalk, after having laid Fairfield in ashes. The attack was not so sudden or un- expected, however, but that most of the inhabitants had had time to flee during the night. Tryon, on landing, marched to Grumman Hill, where he made his head- quarters. About fifty minute-men, under Captain Stephen Betts, offered brave but unavailing resistance to the overpowering forces of the British. These suffered con- siderable loss at the hands of the Continentals, for according to Tryon's report, he lost twenty men killed, ninety-six wounded, and thirty-two missing. The usual heartless brutality attended this destructive visit of the enemy. All but six houses were burnt to the ground, these exceptions being granted to the houses of Tories. Not even the two churches were spared. In all, one hundred and ninety buildings and five vessels were consumed. The loss of property was estimated by a committee appointed for that purpose by the legislature to have been $116,238.66. Alarmed by the gathering numbers of the patriots, the British had to make a hurried retreat about noon, taking all the Tories along Avith them. Out of the ashes of self-sacrifice soon arose a larger and more beautiful town. Hardly a decade had passed since the Revolution, under the beneficent government of the Union, before a considerable manufacturing interest had been established in Norwalk? which has continued to grow ever since. Soon after their introduction on the Sound, a steamboat line was inaugurated connecting Norwalk with New York, thus adding a decided impetus to her prosperity. • Several large hat factories and one of the finest carpet manufactories in the State had already developed into large proportions by 1834. In 1840, the population had increased to 3,863. A decade later it was 4,651. As is the case in the history of most communities, the records of this period of peaceful progress are very meagre, and the current of events during the years preceding the civil war can only be determined by occasional important occurrences. That, simultaneously with the growth of its material prosperity, the uplifting of thought and judgment concerning the great questions of the times was going on here steadily, cannot be doubted. The progress of the slavery question aroused increasing interest as it continued to grow upon the country, until, when the day of trial came, the citizens of Norwalk were found ready. Old and middle-aged residents can vividly picture in memory, the tremendous excitement during the days subsequent to the fall of Fort Sumter. In no State was the war-spirit more enthusiastic, the war meetings more frequent and general, the war preparations more devoted than in sturdy old Connecticut, and none of its cities surpassed Norwalk in this respect. Volunteers were numerous and prompt. In the Third Conn. Vol. Regt., sent out early in 1861, and among the first to arrive at Washington, went Capt. Douglass Fowler, Co. A, with one hundred brave men from Norwalk. A fund Avas at once generously raised by the citizens, by Avhich each volunteer was paid ten dollars bounty on enlistment and five dollars extra pay each month of service. O. S. Ferry, of Norwalk, was appointed colonel of the Fifth Connecticut which went out in the fall of 1861. Leaving a large law practice for the sake of the coun- try. Col. Ferry led his troops to the field, and rendered such gallant services during the war that by sheer merit alone, he won a brigadier-generalship. Company E, Capt. W. Wyant, of the same regiment, the Fifth, was composed mostly of Norwalk NORWALK, PAST AND PRESENT. 183 men, who did honor to their city in many a hard fought battle. A Large part of Company A, Fourtcentli Conn. Regiment, were citizens of Norwalk, and the city was represented in many companies of ahiiost all the State regiments which went ■out. The same anxious waiting for news from loved ones on the field of battle, the same mingled joy and sadness at a great victory gained but a friend or relative lost, the same unwearying toil for the soldiers and their country, which was the universal experience of the time, marked the four dread years of civil conflict in Norwalk. On almost every great battle-ground some of her sons yielded up their lives, and throughout the South, on the sunny hillside or in the dismal swamp, many of them in unmarked graves are sleeping to-day. Beside General Ferry, Norwalk was represented by Brigadier-General Wm. T. Clark, whose zeal and ability, displayed in many an important engagement, won merited reward, also by Lieut. Col. Cunningham of the P^ighth Conn. Volunteers, a talented officer and chivalrous soldier. Many other commissioned officers, among whom Lieut. Thos. Norton, whose untimely fate created unmitigated sorrow, should be mentioned, as well as no less devoted and patriotic private soldiers, sustained the reputation of the commonwealth and city for intrepid bravery, with heroic self-sac- rifice. More than three hundred volunteers went out from Norwalk, and as many score never returned. At the time of the war, the grand list of Norwalk showed the total valuation of the property in the city to be $4,676,978. The contribution by the citizens of §;82,- 938 to the general expenses of the war-government, demonstrates the unselfish patriotism which animated the minds of the people, and upon which the security and even the existence of our country must ever depend. In this account of Nor- walk's part in the war, one name deserves honorable mention, that of Mr. A. H. By- ington, of Norwalk, the war-correspondent of the New York Tribune. The services of men like Mr. Byington are not so widely known or appreciated as those of men in more conspicuous positions during the war, but the indomitable spirit and unrest- ing activity he displayed surprised and delighted Horace Greeley and are worthy of the most honorable recognition. During the battle of Gettysburg, all telegraphic communications with the field were destroyed. By risking his life in scouring the region around, Mr. Byington succeeded in getting men to help him restore one of the broken lines through miles of rough desolated land, and when it had been set in operation, after the most heroic exertions, not only did the Tribune receive the first and only accurate news of the battle, but the line was placed by its restorer at the service of Gen. Meade, and the War Department, for which important service Mr. Byington received the per- sonal recognition and thanks of President Lincoln. Such quietly performed deeds of exemplary talent and devotion are most pleasant to learn of and to read. The close of the war found Norwalk somewhat poorer in numbers and riches, but unspeakably enriched by noble traditions and the memory of the sainted dead. Dur- ing the last few years of the war the manufacturing interests received a marked im. petus, which continued to increase for several years. Through all the unhealthy ex- ■citeraent and business fluctuations of the subsequent years in all parts of the country there has been a steady advance in all the various departments of mercantile and mechanical activity in the city. 134 NORWALK, PAST AND PRESENT. At the present time the town of Norwalk consists of the borough of Norwalk proper and the city of South Norwalk. The borough contains between eight and nine thousand inhabitants, and in everything but name is a representative and enter- prising city. It is situated upon the Norwalk River about one-and-a-half miles to the north of South Norwalk in a valley, with peculiar natural advantages and beautiful in every respect. On the direct line of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad and also the Danbury & Norwalk Railroad, with regular steamboat connections with New York city beside, nothing more could be desired in the way of transportation facili- ties. It has for many years been a favorite home for the city merchants, and its fame as a summer resort is widely known. The prospect from the borough toward the river and Sound presents a most varied and attractive outlook. The wide and stately avenues are lined by the magnificent elms and maples, which add another charm to the beauties of the place. The healthful location of the borough is not the least of its attractions, the natural advantages of atmosphere, river and dry soil, being supplemented by the most assiduous care on the part of the officers of the borough. In addition to the railroads there is an excellent horse-railway connecting the borough with South Norwalk, There are several large and beautiful churches, three banks, and private educational institutions of the highest character, which in addi- tion to the admirable public schools, render the borough of Norwalk an ideal resi- dence to those seeking to combine the advantages of the city with the pleasures and repose of country life. [mm m U\. National Bank of Norwalk. — For thirty j^ears the National Bank ot'Xorwalls: has taken promi- nent part in promoting the growth and prosperi- ty of the town and section, and its intluence has been felt and gratefully recognized by the leaders of successful manufacturing and mercantile indus- try throughout Fairfield County. Under the name of The Bank of Norwalk, the institution was organized and incorporated under the State law^s, and was reorganized under the National Bankiuir Laws, with its present corpo- rate name, in 1865. With a capital stock of $240,- 000, the bank has ever extended substantial aid to deserving enterprise, and its long career has been one of great usefulness. The condition of this institution as shown by its statement, attests the sagacity and prudence of the management past and present, and the intelligence and finan- cial ability of the officers and their policy has es- tablished the institution in universal confidence. In order to meet the requirements of its in- creasing business as well as for better protection against the modern burglar, it has very recently purchased a massive Ijurglar proof safe, also a new vault door and entrance to vault. This •work is of the most modern, and manufactured bj' special order, combining several new features of safe work. The officers are: President, E. Hill; Vice- President, E. J. Hill: Cashier, H. P. Price, and the two first named, with the following, consti- tute the Board of Directors: Edward Beard, E. K. Lockwood, J. A. Osborn, O. E. Wilson, D. W. Fitch, and William G. Thomas, all of whom are prominent, influential manufact- urers and merchants of this section, whose com- Tuercial standing emphasizes the faith of the gen- ■eral public in the solidity of the institution. O. E. Wilson, General Insurance and Real Es- tate Agent, Room No. 3, Gazette Building. — The enterprising Insurance and Real Estate firm of O. E. Wilson, organized in 1872, has built up a surprising amount of trade within the period during which it has l)een operation, and the amount of its annual business shows how impor- tant are its transactions as related to the business interests of the city. It is the vast amount of business done by the leading firms of the city wdiich effectually pre- vents stagnation in trade and creates and fosters a business vitality which permeates all the small- er industries. The business of this energetic house is mostlj' local, the bulk of it being confined to the citv and especially the suburbs, but it also reaches out into all ((uarters of the State. Those who have had occasion to deal with Mr. Wilson can testify to his gentlemanly and business qualities and the uniform courtesy and consideration ex- tended to all his patrons. Mr. Wilson is promi- nently interested in all that pertains to the growth and improvement of Norwalk, and he labors zealously not only to meet the public wants in the way of sales and private transactions in the line of Real Estate, but also to aid and en- courage all those public expedients which are from time to time devised and put into execution to forward the material prosperity of this cit3^ His office, located in Room No. 3, Gazette Building, is a model of neatness and convenience, well calculated to facilitate in tlie best manner possible the despatch of business connected with the numerous transactions in Real Estate in which this enterprising house is at all times engaged. Mr. Oliver E. Wilson is a native of Ilarwinton, Litclifield Count)', Connecticut, and is well known and highly respected in business and social circles. Mr. Wilson is also agent for the following list of Fire, Life, Accident, Tornado and Plate Glass Insurance Companies: New York Life Insurance Co., assets $74,000,- 000; Girard of Philadelphia, .started in business in 1853, assets $1,357,468; The Pacific of New York, assets $758,854, chartered 1878; Agricul- tural of Watertown, assets !|1,782,720; American Philadelphia, a.ssets $1,768,092; Hanover of New York, assets $2,547,326; Howard of New York, assets $879,468; New Hampshire of 3Ianchester, $1,014,579; Niagara of New York, $1,851,597; Orient of Hartfo'rd, $1,474,443; Phwnix of New York, assets $4,342,430; Phamixof London, assets $5,619,408;' Scottish Union and National of Lon- don. $14,031,409; Sun of London, $40,000,000; State Mutual of Hartford, $48,819; Union of Phil- adelphia, assets $866,429; Williamsburff Citv of New York, $1,191,180; Continental Lifeof Hart- ford, $3,000,000; Travelers' Life and Accident of Hartford, $6,000,000; Fidelitv and Casualty Plate Glass of New York, $521,000. The stability of these companies has been dem- onstrated by their long standing and by the con- fidence put in them by their friends. Thej* are the chief insurance companies in the world, and Mr. Wilson was fortunate in obtaining the agency for them. ^Ir. Wilson has been a member of the grand jury, is a director of the National Bank of Nor- walk, constable, and ju.stice of the peace, all of which positions he fills in a creditable manner. 136 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NOR WALK. Fairfield County National Bank, 44 Wall Street. — This, the oldest and leading Bank of Fairfield County, was incorporated as the Fair- tield County Bank in 1824, and was reorganized under the National Banking Laws in 1865, and keeping equal pace with the growth of the town, its influence has greatly expanded, and the fitld of its operations has been widely extended. "With a paid up capital stock of $300,000, and a large surplus, the facilities of the Bank for extending aid to deserving enterprise and for a large, general banking business are all that could be desired, and the excellent condition of the affairs of the institution is a monument to the financial ability of the management past and present. The prudence and sagacity which character- izes the policy of the officers has steadily strengthened this time-honored institution in public confidence, and the sterling worth and high standing of all concerned or entrusted with the important interests of the Bank accentuates the general verdict as to the solidity of the cor- poration, its usefulness and success. The officers of the Bank are as follows: Presi- dent, F. St. John Lockwood, Cashier, Lester !S. Cole; Directors — F. St. John Lockwood, Chas. E. S'. John, Winfield S. Moody, John H. Perry, Ira Cole, Wm. B. E. Lockwood, Geo. R. Cowles, David H. ]Miller, men whose financial ability and commercial integrity in fullest measure justifies the confidence of the stockholders, patrons and correspondents of the Bank and the general public. F. J. Curtis & Co., Dealers in Stoves, Ranges, Wooden, Tin and Agate Ware, Crockery and Glass, Cutler}^ and Silver Plated Ware, 23 Main Street. — This well known house, one of the old trade land-marks of Norwalk was founded in 1840, by 3Ir. L. J. Curtis, and for three years past the large trade has been successfully con- ducted by the firm above named, who succeeded the founder in April, 1884. The large store and workshop of Messrs. Cur- tis & Co. is located at 23 Main street, and com- prise three floors and basement of their large building, 20x80 feet in dimensions, and the fa- cilities f(n- display and storage of merchandise and for all kinds of tin and stove work, are all that could be desired. The stock comprises a very large and compli te assortment of Stoves, Ranges, Wooden, Tin and Agate Ware, Crockery, Glass, Lamps, Cutlery and Silver P]at< d Ware, and at lowest possible margins. This firm supplies the best merchandi-se in tlie market, and guarantees satisfaction. By steadily adhering to their fixed purpose to give the best value to patrons, and by their promptitude and honorable methods, 'Messrs. Cnrtis & Co. have more than maintained the prestige and patronage of this old house, and their worth has firmly established them in a large and growing trade and in general confidence. Messrs. F. J. and A. B. Curtis are the individ- ual members of this live firm. They are natives of Connecticut, and in a wide range of business and personal acquaintance they are held in high esteem and regard. G. H. Raymond, Furniture Dealer, Furnish- ing Undertaker and Embalmer, No. 36 Main Street. — This is (me of the old business land- marks of Norwalk, the house having been estab- lished by the fatiier of the present proprietor over forty years ago. To the large trade devel- oped Mr. G. H. Raymond succeeded in 1872, and under his sagacious management the reputation and patronage of the old concern has been more than maintained. Mr. Raymond occupies large warerooms at No. 36 Main street, with work shop in the rear, and employs s^everal competent assistants in the man- agement of his business. He carries in stock a large and desirabe assortment of furniture, suf- ficiently varied to meet all requirements, and at lowest margins above actual cost of production, this reliable dealer supplies every demand in his line and guarantees the fullest satisfaction. He is an experienced Undertaker and skillful embalmer, and conducts funeral ceremonies with the most considerate care, supplying everything required for the rites of burial. His terms are uniformly reasonable and fullest confidence iu his professional worth and ability is always war- ranted. Mr. Raymond is a native of Norwalk and i& one of the representative and successful business men and influential citizens of the place. George S. Gregory, Livery, Boarding, Sale, Feed and Exchange Stable, No. 14 Knight Street.— There are few towns in New England, and indeed few cities in this section that can boast a more complete and ably conducted Livery Stable than that of Mr. Geo. S. Gregory, No. 14 Knight street, Norwalk. This model stable was erected by Mr. Gregory to accommodate his large trade, inaugurated eight years ago, and it is a model of convenience iu its appointments and arrangements. The building is turee stories in height and 60x103 feet in dimensions, and is furnished with box stalls, steam heat, and every modern conven- ience for the care of horses and carriages, with a capacity for eiglity head of stock and as many vehicles. It is divided into several departments- for stabling, harness, feed and wash rooms, the third floor being used as a carriage repository, with a large elevator for raising and lowering vehicles, and system, order and cleanliness per- vades the establit-hment throughout. Mr. Gregory keeps a large number of horses and elegant carriages, hacks, landaus, etc., for livery purposes, and furnishes the most stylish and serviceable turnouts at reasonable prices,, special rates being made for funerals, weddings, etc., and satisfiiction being fully guaranteed. Hordes are boarded by the day, week or month and have the best of care and attention at satis- factory prices, and the fullest confidence in Mr. Gregory's methods is always justified. This establishment is the most popular place in this section to purchase, sell or exchange horses, and the integrity and sterling worth of this reliable business man is a sure guarantee of honest dealing and best value for money ex- pended. jNIr. Gregory is one of the representative suc- cessful business men and influential citizens. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NORWALK. 137 Comstock Bros., 45 Main Street, Norwalk, and Insurance Buildinsj, South Norwalk. — The at- tention of our readers is directed to the well and favorably known house of Comstock Bros., whose fine stores, of which they have two, are located at No. 45 Main street, Norwalk, and in the Insurance Building at South Norwalk. This enterprise was established twenty-one years ago by the Comstock Brothers, and upon the decease of Wni. T. Comstock, eight years ago, Mr. H. B. Rodgers was admitted to the firm, the business continuing under the old firm name. Its history from the beginning is a grand exhi- bition of what honorable industry and quick in- telligence can accomplish. The premises occupied at South Norwalk are 24x80, at Norwalk, 21x100 feet in dimensions, and are ample for the carrying of a large and de- sirable assortment of fine clothing, of which they are the manufacturers, jobbers and retailers, and owing to these facilities they guarantee to sell clothing cheaper than any other house in Fair- field County. The clothing in which they deal ■will meet the demands of all classes of trade. Employing only the most skillful salesmen and tailors, this house turns out nothing but perfect work, and will be found to please in material, style and workmanship. The trade of this house extends throughout a large section, and its proprietors who are natives of Connecticut, well deserve the confidence and high esteem of their many customers, and the reputation for reliability, honor and integrity which is so heartily accorded them. New York Tea Co., Wholesale and Retail Grocers, and Dealers in Teas, Cofl"ees and Spices. 30 IMain Street. — As a representative house of the many reliable and prosperous mercantile es- tablishments located in Norwalk, the one con- ducted by Mr. M. Heller deserves recognition among the substantial and skillfully managed in- stitutions of this city. This house which is known to our citizens under the title of New York Tea Co., was estab- lished in 1884 by its present proprietor, and from its inception has enjoyed a steadily increasing wholesale and retail trade. This very attractive store is located at 30 jMain street and is 18x65 feet in dimensions, where is carried a fine large stock of Teas, Coffees and Spices, etc. The trade of this house gives employment to two clerks, and the details of this business are efficiently managed. Mr. Heller, who is an ener- getic and able business manager, deals, in addi- tion to the line of goods already named, in a choice assortment of Meats and Groceries, and as he superintends the l)uying and selecting of his varied stock, his customers are assured that nothing but the freshest Meats and best brands of Groceries are offered at this establishment for sale. Mr. Heller, who is a native of Germany, estab- lished his business in this country with a deter- mination to succeed by honorable and upright business transactions, and if he continues the same business policy in the future that has been so noticeable in his dealings of the past three j'ears, ■we predict for him a prosperous business career. Star Shoe Store. Ruscoe, Camp & Co., Dealers in Boots and Shoes, Trunks and Travel- ing Bags.— Among the business enterprises of recent establishment in Norwalk, it is with pleasure that we note tlie one conducted by Ruscoe, Camp & Co., known as the Star Shoe Store. Althougii this house is of very recent establishment, having been in existence only a few months, its reception and patronage Ijy this community is exceedingly flattering and encour- aging to the proprietors, who are energetic men of long experience in this line of trade. The premises consist of a store 20x60 feet in dimensions, wliere a fine and complete stock of Boots and Shoes is displayed. The extensive trade which this house has already gained, gives employment to two capable clerks. In addition to the extensive stock of Boots, Shoes and Rubbers carried by this firm, they deal largely in Trunks and Traveling Bags of all kinds. This house is under the strict personal man- agement of its proprietors, and all order work or repairing is neatly and promptly done. Mr. F. H. Ruscoe, the senior partner, is the proprietor of a large Shoe factory in this city, where employment is given to one hundred hands, whose skill and ability, aided bj^ the many improved and modern facilities of this complete manufactory is displayed in the many productions of this establishment which rank among the best goods in the market. Mr. F. II. Ruscoe and John A. Camp are both natives of Connecticut, well and favorably known in social and business circles of this citv.' Le Grand Jackson, Dealer in Jewelry, 56 Wall Street. — A good jeweler is an indis{)ensable requisite in every community of taste and cid- ture, and he whose work in this line displays the most skill is always certain to have the most lib- eral patronage. The people of Norwalk are not behind other cities in this respect, and the gen- erous patronage which they extend to the store of Mr. LeGrand Jackson, at No. 56 Wall street, shows in what esteem he is held. Mr. Jackson established this business thirty years ago, and at the present time has one of the leading houses of this kind in the city. His stock comprises all the latest novelties in the line of Jewelry of all descriptions. Diamonds, Watches from the best makers, American and foreign, and in fact everything calculated to please the most fastidious buyer. The .store occupied is 20x70 feet in dimensions, and is admirably arranged for the ample display of the elegant goods carried. Only experienced hands are emploj^ed of which there are several, and a very large and select trade is transacted. As a practical workman and repairer Mr. Jack- son has no superior, and nothing leaves the es- tablishment which has not been thoroughly proved and tested by his watchful eye. We feel at liberty to say that all who patronize this house will readily perceive the advantages in so doing, and will return gladly whenever in need of any goods in the jewelry line. ]\Ir. Jackson is a native of Connecticut, and is highly esteemed by all. 188 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NOR WALK. F. H. Ruscoe, Shoe Manufacturer, 13 and 15 "Water Street. — For several years past Mr. F. H. Ruscoe has conducted one of the principal indus- tries of Southwestern Connecticut, and his estab- lishment in Norwalk is one of the most complete and successful shoe factories in this section. Mr. Ruscoe occupies a large three-story build- ing, Nos. 13 and 15 Water street, admirably located and thoroughly equipped for his pur- poses, with the best improved shoe machinery in use, operated by steam. He employs one hundred hands in his business and manufactures the best qualities and most de- sirable styles in ladies', misses' and children's fine shoes, and his exceptional facilities enable him to put upon the market, at low prices, a large quantity of foot wear of superior quality, and in styles, finish and durability his goods are unsurpassed if equalled by any of his competitors in the State. Mr. Ruscoe is an active, sagacious man of bus- iness, quick to note and aljle to supply every de- mand of the trade, and orders are filled with dis- patch, and satisfaction guaranteed in every particular. He is a native of Connecticut, and is one of Norwalk's most estimable and infiueutial citizens and business men. He is the head of the firm of Ruscoe, Camp & Co., Shoe Dealers of ISTorwalk, and enjoys the confidence of his acquaintances at home and correspondents abroad. F. W. Jaqui, Jr., Dealer in Portable and Brick Set-Furnaces, Steam Heaters and Ranges, Tin, Sheet Iron, Copper, Wooden, Glass and Crock- ery Ware, Refrigerators and House Furnishing Goods, 53 Wall Street, Norwalk. — As acknowl- edged leaders in his special line of trade and in- dustry in Norwalk, Mr. F. W. Jaqui, Jr., has for eight years occupied a prominent position in trade circles in Norwalk. His office and workshops are eligibly located at 53 Wall street, the premises being 25x90 feet in dimensions, with every facility for storage and handling of merchandise and for executing all kinds of work in his line. He carries in stock and supplies at lowest prices, all desirable makes of Furnaces, Steam- Heaters and Ranges and a full assortment of Tin, Sheet Iron, Copper, Wooden, Glass and Crock- ery Ware, Refrigerators and House Furnishing Goods. Orders for all kinds of Plumbing and Sanitary Work, Gas fitting and Jobbing, and Plain and Ornamental Slate, Tin and Tin shingle roofing are filled with despatch in the most efficient and satisfactory manner at most reason- able prices, and the ability, punctuality and worth liave long since established Mr. Jaqui in confidence and in a large, permanent and grow- ing business. Mr. Jaqui is agent for Richardson & Boynton Co.'s celebrated Furnaces, Ranges, etc., and for the famous "Economy" Steam and Hot Air Combination Heaters. He supplies and puts on all kinds of unfading black, Munson & Brown- ville's Maine, Keystone and Diamond Rock, and Chapman's, Bangor Black and Vermont A^arie- gated and Green Slates, and his facilities for filling contracts for work and merchandise are all that could be desired. Mr. Jaqui is man of long, practical experience in the business, and is an expert in every branch of his business. He is a. reliable, prompt and energetic business man and is held in high es- teem as a citizen. Finney & Benedict, Dealers in Choice Family and Fancy Groceries, Wall Street, Second Door East of the Post Otfice. — Prominent among the well known establishments devoted to the Gro- cery business in Norwalk is the house of Finney & Benedict, which is located on Wall Street, second door east of the Post Office. This firm was inaugurated in February, 1875, and during the twelve years since its inception has ever maintained a high reputation for integ- rity and honorable business def^lings. The premises utilized for the transaction of the business consists of a store 24x60 feet in dimensions, where is handled one of the most complete stocks of Groceries carried in this city, which embraces everything included in the line of Choice Family and Fancy Groceries. This extensive stock includes the best brands of Flour Teas, Coffees, Spices, Sugar, etc., and in fact all the condiments and delicacies usually em- braced in the line of staple and fancy Groceries carried by a first-class house of this kind. The lucrative retail trade of this house gives employment to two reliable clerks, and prompt attention is given to all orders, which are accurately filled and delivered to all parts of the city. The proprietors are both active business men, who give close personal attention to all branches of their establishment, especially to the purchas- ing and selection of their goods, which are guaranteed to be of the best the market af- fords. Mr. W. J. Finney, Jr., and Geo. M. Benedict are both natives of Connecticut, and highly es- teemed citizens of Norwalk. O. A. Blackman, Photographic Artist, No. 11 Main Street, Norwalk. — 'The fidelitj^ with which portraits are drawn by that great artist " Sol" when he is imder proper control of the photographer is truly wonderful. By continued ex- periments and close and patient observations, suc- cess has been justly earned by those who have given the art their time and thought and have patient- ly waited with implicit faith, the consummation of their hopes. Mr. C. A. Blackman, at No. 11 Main street, may be called the progressive photograph- er of Norwalk. He succeeded to the business in June, 1884, it having been originated by W. B. Glines, in 1878. Mr. Blackman's energy and skill lias given him a fine standing in the pro- fession and a class of patrons that has increased un- til he has a business extending throughout a large section. His studio is supplied with all the most perfect appliances known to the art, and is finely arranged for the comfort of his numerous patrons. He employs able assistants and great care and patience is used with all. All kinds of fine Portrait work is executed at reason- able prices. Mr. Blackman is a native of New Haven havinff had seven years' experience in the art in that city prior to his coming to Norwalk. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NORWALK. 139 Central National Bank of Nor-walk. — Dur iug the past decade the Ceutral National Bank of Norwalk has exerted a -most heueticcnt influence OQ the conmiercial growth and prosperitj'^ of the town, and under able management it has become one of the most popular tiuancial institutions in southwestern Connecticut. The Bank was organized imder the National Banking Laws in 1876, and from the beginning its affairs have been conducted with consummate ability and conseciuent success. The capital of the Bank is $100,000, and its large surplus gives a substantial reason for the confidence of its clients and the general public, and its future gives promise of extended useful- ness and increased success. The banking rooms are very attractive and complete, and are centrally located at No. 26 Wall street. The judicious and prudent policy of the management is fruitful of most gratifying results. The officers of the Bank are as follows: Presi- dent. A. S. Hurlbutt; Vice-President, Geo. M. Holmes; Cashier, Wm. A. Curtis, and the Presi- dent and Cashier, with Messrs. Geo. Holmes, H. F. Guthrie, G. S. Hutchinson, E. L. Boyer, Chas. Smith, P. L. Cunningham and J. T. Pro- witt, constitute the Board of Directors. They are all prominent, influential business men and estimable citizens. Norwich; C. N. Andrew, agent at Willimantic; F. F. Street, agent at Hartford; E. N. Hubbard, agent atMiddlctown Nor'walk Fire Insurance Company. — This company has been constantly in i)usiness for about thirty years, having issued its fir.-t policy in May, 1860, and has in the meantime issued over 32,500 policies (mainly to citizens of this State), and has paid every loss occurring under them, with as much promptness as any company w^hat- ever. It has ever been ard yet is managed by the same president and secretary with which it started. It has been the rule and practice to be careful about the kind of risk taken, to look well into the hazard involved in any risk, both in itself and its ownership before insuring it, and then to be liberal in adjusting, and prompt in paying losses. How well they have succeeded may be judged from the fact that tliej' refer in- quirers to the numerous policy holders of the com- pany. Wm. C. Street is the president, Geo. R. Cowles the secretarj% Geo. B. St. John, treasurer. It leads all Insurance Companies, American and foreign, in this ; that it has a larger amoimt of cash assets in proportion to the amount at risk, than any other company; it has $1 in cash to every $13 at risk, and it has outstanding against it but one claim for losses, and that is in process of settlement and cannot exceed $500, and is probably less than $400. Its rates are as low as those of any sound com pany and its policy holders as well protected, and it invites the general public to ask its policy holders about its liberalit}- and promptness in the case of losses, and if the replies are satisfactory to come in and take policies themselves. JNIarsh, Merwin &: Lemmon, agents at I^ridge- port; S. Jones, agent at Danbury; E. White, agent at Stamford; Wilson, ilcNeil&Co., agents at New Haven; J. H. Williams & Son, agents at Hutchinson, Cole & Co., Star Shirt Factory. —An eminently reliable and old established house, devoted to the manufacture of Shirt Waists, etc., is that ot IIuk;hinson, Cole & Co., who occupy factories at both Norwalk and Bridgeport, and whose salesrooms are at Nos. 746-750 Broadway, New York, under the man- agement of Messrs. Hutchinson, Pierce «& Co. The factory at Norwalk was built in 1853, since which time numerous additions have been made upon the buildings until the present, and now they have a capacity of manufacturing 150 dozen garments per day, the demand how- ever was so great that even that would not sup- ply the increasing trade of the house, they there- fore purchased, a few months ago, the large factories at Bridgejjort formerly owned by the Burlock Co., which, after extensive improve ments, is now being run in connection with the Norwalk factory. The celebrated goods of this house may be found for sale by all the leading stores throughout the United States, these waists are all perfect fitting and made in the best possi- ble manner, by experienced hands. A large force of which are employed. Everything entering into the construction of the Star Shirts and Shirt Waists is of the best material. The reputation of these celebrated "Star" goods has bwn fairly earned, and care is taken to maintain the high standard of excellence for which the goods bearing this brand have been noted throughout the United States. For fit. finish, durability and choice patterns of material us- d these goods are unsurpassed. Frank T. Hyatt, Dentist, 8 West Avenue.— The dental operators of to-day have at their com- mand so many improved and modern facilities for the conduct of the profession, that their patients are not only relieved of a great deal of sulTering, but they themselves are saved long and tedious hours of labor, and all true arti.-ts in the dental line are willing to avail themselves of anj' reliable appliances that will relieve the suffering or add to the comfort of their patients, and it is with pleasure that we call the attentir n of our readers to the establishment of Dr. Fraik T. Hyatt, which is located at 8 West avenue, Nor- walk, and consists of an elegant suite of rooms, embracing reception and operating rooms and laboratory, which are handsomely fitted up and arranged for the comfort and convenience of his many patrons, while his laboratory and operat- ing room are supplied with the best and most modern facilities for the conduct of his business that are known to the dental faculty. Dr. Hj'att is a practical Dentist of twenty-eight j'ears' experience, having practiced in South America previous to locating here. The public are assured of perfect satisfaction of all work en- trusted to this establishment, as regards fit and natural appearance of artificial teeth and prices for all kinds of dental operations. Dr. Frank T. Hyatt is a native of Norwalk, an experienced Dentist, and a genial and cultivated gentleman and an extensive traveler. 140 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NOR WALK. J. P. Peckwell, Harness Manufacturer, 7 Water Street. — In writing a commercial history of Norwalk and her present enterprises, we find some firms that have stood for a number of years, and who, b)' superior worlinianship, have steadily gained patronage and rank among the solid and well tried houses of Norwalk. One of these is the hirness and saddle establishment of Mr. J. F. Peckwell, and we are glad to call the attention of our readers to this honorable and reliable house. ;Mr. Peckwell has in stock all kinds of the very best harness. He employs several skilled work- niei and occupies a neat and attractive store with shop in rear, located at No. 7 Water street, where at all times ran be found a complete stock of custom made Harness and Saddlery Goods, including Hnrse Clothing and so forth, which are sold at very liberal prices. 'Mr. Peckwell is a practical man, and estab- lished his business here nine years ago. He has a laige custom trade among the best class of pa- trons in the city. He is prompt in filling orders, with the best custom-made goods, which he guarantees as represented. Jlr. Peckwell is a native of Fairfield County, and is well and favorably known. In conclusion we may say that the hou R. and connecting lines South and West. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF SOUTH NOR WALK. 147 Mr. Layton is a native of New Jersey and is higiily esteemed in this cit)', having oceupied the position of Water Commissioner and also a mem- ber of School Committee. He is at present writ ing Treasurer of the School District and Secretary of the Water Board. He will always be found ready to conduct bus iness with jnudence and energy, and we com- mend him to non-residents who have property in South Norwalk as a proper gentleman to take charge of same. I. M. Hoyt, Druggist and Pharmacist, 62 Main Street. — Among the many long and well estab- lished houses in this city devoted to sale of drugs and manufacture of 3Iediciues, we take pleasure iu calling the attention of our readers to the house of Mr. I. M. Hoyt, located at 63 Main street. This Pharmacy was established by its present proprie- tor in 1875, and during the twelve years of its existence it has gained an extensive trade extend ing throughout the city. The premises com- prise a tine store 20x60 feet in dimensions which is elegantly fitted up and arranged in the most approved style. The goods handled are tastefiilh' displayed and include a complete stock of Drugs, Medicines, Fancy and Toilet Articles, etc. "The extensive business of this house requires the assistance of three comp;tent and reliable clerks, and phy- sicians' prescriptions are compounded with the utmost care and caution. Dr. Hoyt is a reliable Chemist and the public are assured that only the purest Drugs are used in the manufacture of Medicines at this establishment. Dr. Hoyt is proprietor and manufacturer of Hoyt's Cough Remedy, Horn's Fever and Ague Cure, and other specialties, which are so w^ell known and highly appreciated by all who have used them. Dr. Hoyt is a native of Norwalk, well known and highly e-teemed in social and business circles throughout the city. Hayes & Co., Manufacturers of Fine Stiff and Flexible Brim Fur Hats, Cedar Street. — Among the numerou-5 Hat Manufacturers of Connecticut, none produces better goods than the well known establishment of Hayes & Co., Tvhose factories are located on Cedar Street, 200 | feet west of Main, in this town, and whose New i York office is at 115 Greene street, where a full i line of samples are shown. Their main office is | at the factory ; here all accounts are kept, and goods are sliipped direct to their destination. At these factories they manufactiue a line of Stiff and Flexible Brim Fur Hats of a fine grade, made entireh' by hand, and these are placed in the hands of Ihe leading jobbers throughout the United States. The goods are produced under the personal supervision of Mr. R. F. Hayes, a gentleman of long experience in the business, having been closely connected with the Hat business for the past twenty years, formerly carrying on the same business in Danbury, Conn. The product of this establishment cannot be excelled, either in quality or price, by any of its contemporaries, and all using their goods are thoroughly satisfied with them. AVe commend this establishment to our readers, both at home and abroad. The Duncan Iron Railing Works, Manufactu- rers of Wrought and Cast Iron Fencing, Iron ( iatcs, Doors, Shutters and (Jrating, also Iron Stairs and Bolts for Building Purposes, Water Street, Wm. H. Hoyt, Proprietor. —These works, the leading indus- try of the kind in South Xorwalk, were establish- ed over twenty years ago by Mr. Wm. H. Dun- can, who in lss-,> was succeeded by Mr. Wm. H Hoyt. The establishment is eligibly located on Water street, with every facility for shipment and re- ceipt of merchandise by rail or water, and the works throughout are a model of good manage- ment and completeness. The machinery is driven by steam power and a force of skilled workmen are constantly employed in the manu- facture of Wrought and Cast Iron Fencing, Iron Doors, Gites, Shutters and Gratings, and also Iron Stairs and Bolts for building purposes. The finest work in style and finish is promptly executed to order at lowest prices, and the iion- orable methods and worth of this reliable manu- facturer has firmly established him in a prosper- ous business and iu general esteem and confi- dence of his customers and correspondents at home and abroad. Mr. Hoyt is a native of New York and is an expert, practical business man, and his success has been commensurate with his energy and worth. He makes a specialty of Ovster Steam Dredges and Shipsmithing. S. W. Gregory, Liver}', Boarding, Sale, Feed and Exchange Stables, Raiiiroad Place. — An en- terprise that is invariably well managed is sure of success, hence we find that ever since Mr. S. W. Gregory started in this business, some five years ago, fortune has continually flavored his efforts in catering to the wants of the public in the livery business. Since his first beginning here he has shown a thorough knowledge of what is required, good taste in his outfits, and a careful supervision of every detail in the several departments and necessary equipments, which has given his establishment a reputation second to none other in this city. The premises occupied are located on Railroad Place and comprise a fine two-story brick l)uilding which is complete in all its departments. This extensive establishment has a large number of fine driving horses, together with buggies, ph;i3- tons, etc., all of elegant style and finish, special care being taken that ever\'thing turned out from the stables is supplied with ever}'- re(iuisite for comfort and safety. The accommodations for boarding horses are also of a superior character. The stables are models of cleanline-'s, as is every- thing connected with the establishment. The feed and care given the animals in their charge is such as only a lengthened experience and a knowledge of their wants can supply. Several men are employed in connection with the various departments of the business, and horses and carriages can be obtained at all hours, with or without drivers. Mr. Gregory is a native of the State and is highly esteemed by all who know him. He sends a fine coach to all the trains and has tele- phone connection. 148 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OB' SOUTH NOR WALK. Joseph J. Asch, Manufacturer of Hatters' Furs, and Hat Forming Works. — Prominent among the leading establishments tliroughoiit. the State engaged in this industry, we find that of J. J. Asch. This business was estab- lished very many years ago, and has always been eminently successful from the start About two years ago the buildings were entirely destroj^ed by fire, and after taking tem- porary quarters, Mr. Asch at once began to build his present fine factories, and since being com pleted, which was quite recent, he has fitted them up with the most modern machinery used in the busines«. These works cover an area of nearly an acre, and are built in a thoroughly substantial manner throughout, being of l)rick, the walls being eighteen inches thick at the base and sixteen inches at the top. The building is divided into several departments, among which are the Hat Forming Rooms, Cutting and Packing Room, Wnsh Room, Carroting Room, Drying Room, Boiler Room (in which are two eighty horse- power boilers), Engine Room (fitted with an engine of 100 horse-power). On the second, third and fourth floors we find many other departments, to describe which would occupy more space than we have at our disposal. This representative house occupies extensive warehouses at 64 and 66 White street, New York, and a very extensive business is done, extending throughout the country. From one hundred and fifty to two hundred hands are employed. J. W. 0%VANAGH, Artist in Marble, ITALIAN MARBLE AND GRANITE MON- UMENTS, South Norwalk. Raymond Brothers, Wholesale Dealers and Commission Merchants, Oflice Washington Street, Yard and Wharves, Water Street, branch at Greenwich, Conn. — Possessing exceptional facilities for their large trade in Coal, Building materials. Straw, Hay, Flour, Grain, etc., Messrs. Raymond Brothers have for nearly twenty years held a prominent place among the wholesale dealers and commission merchants of Western Connecticut. The extensive trade of the house was inaugu- rated in 1868, and from the beginning has been conducted with marked energy and success, and their trade has attained colossal proportions. The Messrs. Raymond occupy a large three- story building and oflice on W«shington street, with extensive yards, storehouses and wharves on Water street in this city; also a branch yard, with all modern facilities, in Greenwich, Connec- ticut, their advantages for receipt, storage and shipments are unsurpassed by any house in their line in New England, and, indeed equaled by few. The firm manufacture Cement Pipe, put down Wells, build Reservoirs, and are heavy dealers in all kinds of Coal for manufacturing and domes- tic purposes, Hard and Soft Wood, and every desirable article in building materials. Blue and Brown Stone, Granite, Fire Brick, Clay, Fertiliz- ers, Drain Pipe, Terra Cotta Ornaments, Hay. Straw, Flour, Grain, Salt, Fish, Oil, Soap, etc. Consignments of anything in their line have prompt personal attention and merchandise is handled to the best advantage of consigners, at low rates of commission, the facilities for prompt, advantageous sales being all that could be desir- ed. Prompt returns are made, and satisfaction guaranteed, and the extensive acquaintance and standing of the house in the markets at home and abroad make this a desirable firm with which to establish and maintain business relations. The firm are agents for the celebrated Averill Chemical Paint, and have at all times an im- mense stock of merchandise available for imme- diate orders, and in all their engagements are prompt, reliable and accommodating. The JMessrs. Raymond make contracts for Bridges, Sewers, Landscape Gardening, Painting, Grad- ing, Flag and Cement Walks, Trucking, etc., and employ a large force of skilled workmen and mechanics in their business. Messrs. Wm. T. and Thos. I. Raymond are the individual members of this successful firm. They are natives of Connecticut and are promi- nent and influential citizens of this thriving city. H. Krieger, Dealer in Fancy Goods, Ribbons, Millinery Goods, etc., Mahackemo Hotel Block, Main Street. — Here is a business house, one of the first in this city, having been established in 1868, when the city was in its infancy. Having worked himself in the ways of the people, the proprietor always has a stock on hand to please them. We would just name a few of the many articles kept here. In the first place we will take Ribbons, being the first thing that takes your eye; it is one of the largest lines carried on in the State. Secondly — the stock of Millinery goods. A shape cannot be named but that the proprietor has secured it. Third — Corsets, embracing all styles and prices. Hosiery in every description. Underwear, Gloves, both fabric and kid. Buttons, etc. It would tire the reader to name the different articles kept here. In conclusion we would siy that prices are sa low that people cannot fail to appreciate them. Go here for anything in the fancy goods line, you are sure to find it. Such a complete stock can- not be found in the State. The propriett)r is H. Krieger, Mahackemo Hotel Block, Main Street. A. L. Duncan, Manufacturer of Fine Stiff Hats, Flexible Brims and Cassimeres; Factory, Union Street. — The City of South Norwalk has long been famous, not onl}^ for the quantity of tiie hats manufactured within her limits, but in quality as well, her pre eminence is established on a sure, enduring basis. Of tliose engaged in this important industry here, A. L. Duncan occupies a prominent posi- tion, and his factory on Union Street is one of the most complete and extensive in the city. The business was inaugurated by Mr. Duncan in 1884, and has from its inception been carried on with consummate tact and ability and with consequent success. The main factory is a large four-story brick building, 30x90 feet in dimensions, with two additional — one, 45x46, another, 60x22 — equipped most thoroughly with the latest improved ma- LEADING BUSINERfi MEN OF SO r TIT NO/iWALN. 149 chinery, driven by steam, iind over 100 operatives are employed in the business. The output comprises StilT and Flexible Fur Hats of tlie finest quality, large quantities of which are daily turned out and tind ready mar- kets in all parts of the country. For styles, finish and general excellence of his hats, Mr. Duncan is unsiu'passed by any house in his line in New England, and the factory is a favorite source of supply f"r jobbers and dealers in all parts of the United States. 3Ir. Duncan is a native of South Norwalk, and is a business man of sagacity and energy, and his wortli, punctuality and honorable business methods h ive firmly established him in general confidence, and have developed a large and steadily growing trade. First National Bank. — Under the provisions of the United States Banking Laws, the First National Bank of South Norwalk was organized and began business in September. 1S64. The capital of the Bank is i?20(),00O, with a surplus, exclusive of undivided jn'ofits of !?24,000. The liberal methods and policy of the Bank, combined with prudence and ability of a high order begets the universal and unqualified confi dence of customers and makes it a valuable medium of exchange, deposit and discount, and the standing of the officers and directors, who are among the most prominent capitalists and successful manufacturers and merchants of Fair- field Courity, gives promise of a long continued career of usefulness. The officers of the Bank at present writing are: President, Dudley P. Ely who lias been presi- dent .since April 2oth, 1865; Cashier, J. J. Mil lard, who has been cashier since the organization of the bank in September, 1864; Teller, C. E. Ferris, who has held the same position since 1865; Directors, Dudley P. Ely, E. K. Lockwood, Samuel Clark, Alfred E. Austin, Russell Frost, J. R. Jennings and Alphonso Dibble. O. P. Boutwell, Dentist, Lauder's New Block. — In the rapid improvements of the last quarter of a century, every branch of business has seemed to move forward, but none more so than the den- tal art, which now seems to be at its height, es- pecially as we view the appliances and improve- ments of our best dental rooms. Mr. C. F. Boutwell whose parlors are located in Laudei-'s New Block (up stairs) is among the leading gentlemen in this line, and no pains or money is spared to provide every modern inven- tion, and all branches of dentistry are conducted in an experienced manner. The business was established here eighteen months ago by Mr. Boutwell, wdio has had along experience, having been with his father, who is a dentist in Ausonia, for several years previous, alto- gether twelve years' experience. His prices are rea- sonable as possible for first class work and, all in need of a reliable dentist will do well to give him a trial. He is a native of Ansonia, Connecticut, and is a young man of ability and energy, fully under- standing his profession in all its branches and well deserving the success he has achieved and the patronage he has received. Geo. Buckmaster & Co., Manufacturers of Bronze Hardware, Knobs, Locks, etc, — One of the most prominent as well as important manu- factories in South Norwalk is that conducted so ably by Messrs. Geo. IJuckmaster &, Co. This business was established in December, 1886, by Geo. Buckmaster, who conducted it until April 15th, 1887, when :\rr. Chas. E. Woodward was admitted as partner, the firm name then being changed to Geo. Buckmaster & Co. They occupy for business purposes four two- .story buildings 100 feet square; these are fitted up with all the most modern machinery used in the manufacture of the goods. A thirty horse- power steam engine and boiler provide the mo- tive power, and sixty skilled hands are employed in the many departments An exceedingly large and steadily increasing- business is transacted and extends all over the the United States. The product of the factory embraces all kinds of Bronze Hardware, Knobs, Locks, etc., and these are sold to the trade on most reasonable terms. Mr. Geo. Buckmaster is a native of Hempstead, L. L, and has resided in South Norwalk since 1886. Mr. Chas. E. Woodward is a native of South Norwalk, and is the son of iMr. E. A. Wood- ward, a well-known citixen of South Norwalk. Botli members of the firm are energetic and enterprising, and are well known and respected gentlemen. A'l having business dealings with them will meet with liberal treatment, and can- not fail but be satisfied, both as regards quality and price of goods purchased of them. William K. McEwen, Fur Hat Manufacturer, Jobber and Retailer, and Dealer in Gents' Fur- nishing Good.s. — The principles of the so-called " science of political economy " are evidently far from being established, if one may judge by the disputes among those who profess to be experts on the subject, but probably none would chal- lenge the statement that, other things being equal, it is more to the advantage of the con- sumer to purchase directly from the manufac- turer than it would be to transact business through an agent or middleman. This is evident for many reasons, chief among them being that at least one profit is saved and that the salesman eannot screen himself behind the plea of ignorance of the goods should they prove unsatisfactory. This being generally understood, the pros- perity attending the enterprise of Mr. Wm. K. McEwen, the well-known Fur Hat Manufacturer and Dealer, reciuires no explanation. Business was begun by him in 1882, and a shop covering two floors and using ten horse-power is now occupied, and the services of fifteen skilled hands required. A large business is done in the jobbing and retailing of Fine Fur Hats and a complete line of fashionable Gents' Furnishings, in which goods an extensive retail trade is enjoyed, is also carried. Mr ^IcEwen was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and by his enterprise, foresight and good man- agement has fairly won success. 150 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF SOUTH NOR WALK. years, having Hauford three Walter L. Wilcox, Successor to Hon. W. S. Hanford, Insurance Agency; Office, Corner Washington and Main Streets. — Insurance, both Fire and Life, is one of the great interests of the age. In money, power and influence, it ranlis with banliing, railroading, mining and mercantile pursuits. The penniless and dependent are pro- tected through its blessed influence. All over the globe the protecting power of this science is felt. The only question to be considered is: Which are the best conducted and safest companies in which to insure? Mr. Walter L.Wilcox, at the corner of Washing- ton and Main streets, is regarded as a reliable gentleman, and represents the following well- known companies: American, of Philadelphia; In- surance Company of North America, Meriden, of Meriden; Niagara, of New York; Ger- man American, of New York; Fireman's Friend, of California; Fire Insurance Association, of England; British Amer- ica, of Ontario; Commercial L'nion, of England; Hanover, of Springfield, and the Anglo-Nevada, of California. Mr. Wilcox has been in the insurance business for the past ten succeeded the Hon. W. S. 3"ears ago. He occupies two neat offices at the above location on the second floor, and has a large and extensive patronage. He is a native of Connecticut, and is a young man of energy and ability, and conducts his business on a high plane of business honor, hence has the confidence of the general public throughout the city. All wishing to place insurance in reliable companies should call upon Mr. W^ilcox, and we feel assured that their confidence will not be misplaced. Giles Haulenbeck, Manufacturer of Cigar Boxes, Foot of Marshal Street. — The industries of Norwalk are varied, and in our researches we find specialties that deserve proper mention. Among these we note the house of Giles Haulen- beck, IManufacturer of Cigar Boxes of all kinds and sizes. The factory is located at the foot of Marshal street. South Norwalk, and comprises two floors 24x38 feet in dimen- sions. This is fitted up with all the most modern machines used in the mannfacture of their goods, which are propelled by a gas engine of several horse-power. Four skilled hands are employed in the different departments, and they turn out 2,500 boxes per week. The trade is mostly local and is very extensive, being entirely wholesale. Mr. Havdenbeck established the busi- ness eleven years ago, and has conducted it on strictly business principles. ^^^^ ]\Ir. Giles Haulenbeck is a native of ^^pjTT^ New Jersey, and is a thoroughly experi- enced man in the business he has under- taken. He also enjoys as many facilities and as large resources for supplying the trade in this line of goods as anj' house in Norwalk. Mr. Haulenbeck is noted for fairness in all business dealings, and will continue in the future as he has in the past to place his goods at the lowest market prices. E. F. Knapp, Manufacturer of Hat and Hardware Cases. — Among the most enterprising and successful manufacturers of Norwalk, may be found Mr. E. F. Knapp, who carries on the manufacture of Hat and Hardware Ca.ses. Business was inaugurated in 1881, under the firm name of Fitch & Knapp, and was continued under that style up to April 29, 1886, at which time it became as it is at present. The factory comprises two floors, each of the dimensions 60x52 feet, and both a wholesale and retail business is done, employment being given LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF SOUTH NOB WALK l.-.l to ten men. The capacity of the works is from 350 to 400 cases per day, and as tlie products of this house have met with great favor amoniz; those interested, tlie maximum output named is frequently rt ached. All orders will receive prompt and painstaking attention, and the goods are fully warranted to give the best of satisfac tion. Mr. Knapp is a native of South Norwalk, and is well known and highly esteemed here for his many excellent qualities. J. R. Raymond, Contractor and Builder. — As one of the oldest and most successful Contractors and Builders in South Norwalk, Mr. J. R. Ray- mond has taken prominent part in the extensive building operations in this city during the past quarter of a century. He established himself in business here over twenty live years ago, and in most of the work in his line his services have been called into requisi- tion. He occupies commodious workshops on Water street, and his establishment is supplied with woodworking machinery of improved patterns, driven by steam, and a force of twenty-five skill- ed workmen are employed by him during the bu.sy season. ]\ir. Raymond furnishes plans and specifica- tions and gives estimates for all kinds of building work, and contracts are performed in the most satisfactory manner; orders for jobbing are filled with despatch. ]\Ir, Raymond has a great variety of plans for buildings on hand, and furnishes Frames, Doors, Sash, etc., for builders' uses, and his worth and ability justify the fullest confi- dence. He is a native of Connecticut, and in a wide circle of acquaintance he is held in liighest esteem for his personal and business integrity. South Norwalk Hat Company, Cooperative Manufacturers of Fine Wine and Water Stiff and Flexible Hats, of all l)escripti(ms; Factory, South Xorwalk; New York Office, 124 Greene Street. — This successful company, largely com- posed of practical hatters, was organized and incorporated about three years ago, and on a scale of most important proportions the busi- ness has since been conducted with marked suc- cess. The works of the company are eligibly located and comprise a two-stoiy building 30x90 feet in dimensions, and the factory is admirably equipped. Over 100 workmen find constant employment in the service of this reliable com- pany. Tlie output comprises fine Wine and Water Stiff and Flexible Hats of all descriptions, in latest styles and finest finish, and the facilities of the corporation for filling orders with dispitch at lowest possible margin above cost of produc- tion, are unsurpassed, if equaled, by any other house in their field of industrial enterprise. Mr. E. H. Bush is the President, and ilr. Jno. J. Murphy is the elEcient Secretary of this com- pany, and under their able management and direction the interests of the corporation their customers and correspondents are in every way advanced. The Old Well Cigar Co., .Manufacturers of Celebrated Brands of Cigars, 3Iain Street. — Among ihe.large contributors to the great ag- gregate of South Norwaik's trade, The Old Well Cigar Company, established in 1S68 and incor- porated in 18s6, has held a foremost place, and in the esteem of the trade it is one of the most reliable sources of supply in New England. The Company occupy a large three-story building on ^lain street, fully equipped for their purjjoses. Their yearly sales average three million cigars, being the largest cigar factory in the State, if not in New England. The company are the manufacturers of the following popular brands, famous throughout the State for their general excellence and flavor: Old Well Club, R. H. 10, Gander Club, La Cuba, C. S. 10, Old Well Bouquets, Stubs, United Ser- vice Club, Snow Drop, Maud S., La Empress, Patriots, Growler, R. H. 5, Monarch, Snow Flake, Oid Well Five, Real Comfort, Druggist's Pride and Old Well Club Ponies, all of which are celebrated as the best cigars, at prices asked, manufactured in thissection. The facilities of the company for supplying seasoned goods of sterling^ quality at low j)rices, makes this a popular con- cern with which to place orders, and the care ex- ercised to maintain the reputation of these cigars by careful selection of stock and personal super- vision of every detail of the work, has firmly es- tablished the company in the confidence of job- bers and dealers in all parts of the country. The officers of the company are: President, Reed Haviland ; Secretary and Treasurer Chris- tian Swartz; Superintendent, 3[athew Corbett, all of whom are energetic, sagacious and respon- siable business man, whose skill and abilitj' have brought to tlie company its present success. Martin Bates, Jr., & Co., Importers and Cutters of Hatters' Fur, South Norwalk.— The great importance and extent of the hat business in this country is probably appreciated more by the residents of Norwalk than it is by the inhab- itants of many other sections of the United States, for there are located here a number of very 1 -rge factories, more or less directly connected with the manufacture of hats. Prominent among them is that conducted by Martin Bates, Jr. & Co., this being a branch of a metropolitan house whose main office is located at Nos. 80 and 82 Greene street, New York. The branch of which we are writing was founded in January, 1880, and occupies one large building containing three floors, each ITox 32 feet in dimensions, as well as several smaller structures. The works are supplied with a fifty horse- power boiler and engine, and employment is given tc some eightj^ hands. The firm aie Im- porters and Cutters of Hatters' Fur, and do an enormous business, standing, in fact, in the very front rank of those engaged in a similar line of trade. Such of our readers as are familiar with the " Hatter and Furrier," will doubtless remember the very full history of Martin Bates and his business given in the issue of that paper for January, 1883, and we only regret that space does not permit us to copy even a few of its most salient points into our present article. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF STAMFORD. Rippowams was the picturesque designation by which Stamford was known to the Indians. They were members of the tribe of Paugausetts, who were the natural owners of the soil of all this part of the State. Of their customs and life it is sufficient to say that they were " Indians " of the laziest and most inoffensive class. They were surprised during the fall of 1640 by the entrance into their harbor of a party of white men, probably the first that most of them had ever seen. The leader of the whites was Captain Nathaniel Turner, the military commander of the New Haven Colony, and their agent in the purchase of territory, who immediately opened negotiations with the Stamford Indians for their land. They finally disposed of it, keeping only a small reservation for themselves, for " twelve coats, twelve hoes, twelve hatchets, twelve knives, two kettles, and four fathoms of white wampum." A few months later the New Haven Colony sold the land purchased at Stamford to the inhabitants of Wethersfield for thirty pounds sterling, the latter agreeing to adopt the New Haven church form of government in their management of affairs. Before the close of the year 1641, there were thii'ty or forty families from the Wethersfield Colony settled here, the latter in fact being practically abandoned because of the superiority of the soil and situation of Stamford. This colony at Stamford was the most extreme toward the Dutch settlement at Manhattan and the Mohawks in eastern New York of any in Connecticut, and consequently it was subject to many fears of an hostile invasion from the west. At one time it looked very much like war with the Dutch, when brave one-legged Peter Stuyvesant, " Gouverneur of the Nieuw Nedterlandts," came galloping up along the coast through Stamford and New Haven to Hartford, Avhere he gave his fearless challenge to the " Yankees." But the clouds happily blew over and were finally settled in 1664 by the conquest of New Netherlands by the Duke of York, and its annexation to the English Crown. It was a considerable time also before they Avere relieved from the fears of a Mohawk invasion by their being driven back from the Hudson toward the western part of New York State. Hardly had they been freed from these when in 1653, serious troubles were threatened by the prospective revolt of the home Indians in their reservation near Stamford. If these had once started out upon the war-path there is no doubt that the infant colony would have been completely blotted out, but they were quieted just in time by the "prudent measures of the colony." After this, however, the colonists had to take part in the other colonial wars with the Indians, including that of King Philip, which resulted in the final suppression of any fear of "Indian massacres" in this part of the land. STAMFORD, PAST AND PRESENT. 153 Stamford must have grown very slowly during the century from 1650 to 1750, as the records of tlie State show little evidence of its existence durinsr that time. The name of the first minister does not seem to be easily obtainable, but the second was the Reverend John Davenport, son of John Davenport, the famous originator and leader of the Xew Haven Colony. The Rev. Mr. Davenport's pastorate in Stamford was thirty-six yeai"s in duration from 1695 to 1731, when he departed this life. He wrought a powerful work for good here and was greatly loved by the people. On his tomb it was written: "Religion, while he dwelt below. Its sacred influence on him shed; Learning and grace adorned his brow, And round their balmy odors spread. Unfading honors shall his tomb surround, To guard and wait the prophet's sleeping clay, Till the last trumpet raise him from the ground, To join the triumphs of th' important day." The Hon. Abraham Davenport, son of the Rev. John Davenport of Stamford^ born here and a life-long resident, was for many years one of the Councillors of the- Colony and later of the State of Connecticut. He was one of the most influential men of the State during the Revolution and the early days of the nation's life under the Constitution. The following accounts of him are related in the " Travels of \)\\ D wight," President of Yale College: "The 19th day of May, 1780, was a remarkably dark day. Candles were lighted in many houses; the birds were silent and disappeared, and the fowls retired to roost. The legislature of the State was then in session at Hartford. A very general opinion prevailed that the day of judgment was at hand. The House of Represent- atives, being unable to transact their business, adjourned. A proposal to adjourn the Council was under consideration. When the opinion of Colonel Davenport was asked, he answered, ' I am against an adjournment. The day of judgment is either approaching or it is not. If it is not, there is no cause for an adjournment; if it is, I choose to be found doing my duty. I wish therefore that candles maybe brought.' The other instance took place at Danbury, at the Court of Common Pleas, of which he was chief -justice. This venerable man, after he was struck with death, heard a considerable part of a trial, gave the charge to the jury, and took notice of an article in the testimony that had escaped the notice of the counsel on both sides. He then retired from the bench, and was soon afterward found dead in his bed." During the Revolutionary war Stamford sustained her part Avith honor. At the beginning of the Avar in 1775, the total valuation of Stamford Avas £34,078, only sur- passed by a dozen or so of the largest towns in the State, Avhich shoAvs that there had been a great increase during the last quarter century. It is known that some of her citizens marched to Lexington at the time of the alarm, because the town was paid £28 8s. 4f?. for their expenses by the Legislature. The proximity of Stamford to Ncav York made the town unusually subject to incursions from the British, who used frequently to land in the harbor, shooting and carrying off cattle. Col. David Waterbury, one of the most active Avorkers for the Continental Government in this part of the State, raised a regiment from this vicinity late in the summer of 1775, AA'hich he led into Canada AA-ith the expedition made by General 154 STAMFORD, PAST AND PRESENT. Montgomery and Benedict Arnold. For meritorious service during this campaign, Oolonel David Waterbury was promoted to be a Brigadier General. The records of the State give evidence that even during the time of the Revolution some trade had already sprung up with the West Indies. In the early part of 1778, a company of twenty-four men and a commander were stationed here as a guard to the region round about. The Continental naval force in the Sound, which Avas not very large, used to make the Stamford harbor a frequent rendezvous, because of its security and fine situation for making a sudden descent npon the enemy. Most of the prisoners which the Continental troops captured in this region were stationed first at Stamford and then despatched to Hartford. There also seems to have been quite a number of tories here, who were sent to Hartford along with the prisoners and either obliged to sign an oath of allegiance to the Continental Government or remain in the State dungeon. Stamford seems to have done trading about this time with the West Indies in New England Rum, which, however, never came to be an important part of their merchandise. According to the existing records Stamford and the surrounding region must have furnished a very lai'ge and unusual amount of supplies to the Continental army. Another company under Captain Abraham Bradley was ordered to be stationed here by Governor Trumbull, July 7, 1777. Two days later, July 9, 1777, the Legislature appointed Reuben Scofield, of Stamford, to be the captain of a battalion of men raised in the State " to guard the seacoast toward New York." In January of the following year, 1778, as the State papers show, yet another company was raised and stationed at Stamford under the command of John Bear. This would demonstrate that the Governor and Legislature fully appreciated the strategic importance of Stamford. Probably the fact that it was such a rendezvous for troops was the reason that it was never invaded by the British. Its sons, however, were not lacking in any important engagement, and fought with the cool and enduring courage for which the Connecticut troops were renowned, at Bunker Hill, Brooklyn, White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Saratoga, Brandy wine and York- town, as well as suffered with patience indomitable the horrors of Valley Forge and the " Black Prison " in New York. After the Revolution Stamford did not progress as rapidly as might have been expected from the start which she had made. The shipping business went down almost as quickly as it had arisen, in fact was nipped in the bud by the embargo of 1812. Stamford's part in this war was not very conspicuous, owing doubtless to the lack of ships, with which New England achieved most of her fame at this time. By 1830, the influence of manufactures was beginning to be felt, and in 1836, there were in the town " ten or twelve stores, one iron foundry, one rolling mill, one wire factory, and two large boot and shoe manufactories; a bank, with a capital of 1 100,000, chartered in 1834, and a postoftice." Increase from this time on was steady. In 1840 the population of the town had reached 3,516, and in 1850 it was 5,000. The outbreak of the war in 1861 was not unexpected nor met with hesitation in Stamford. A full quota of men was sent out in the Third Connecticut Regiment, Co. D, which took part and fought bravely in the battle of Bull Run. STAMFORD, PAST AND PRKsKNT. 155 Stamford was also represented by brave men in Co. I of the Ninth Regiment, Co. G of the Tenth, Co. 13 of the Thirteenth, Co. B, Capt. Charles A. Ilobbie, of the Seventeenth, and in the Twenty-eighth by Co. A, Capt. Francis R. Leeds, and Co. B, Capt. Cyrus D. Jones, both entirely from Stamford, and by men in Co. C of the same regiment. The records of the Ninth and Seventeenth Regiments have been given in the history of Bridgeport. The men of the Tenth first saw active service off the coast of North Carolina and later during an invasion of that State. They fought with exemplary courage in the series of battles in Charleston Harbor and won distin- guished honors at the battle of Foi't Wagner. For two years they helped to preserve Florida to the Union and passed through the final series of battles around Richmond under Grant, completing their four years' service by witnessing the surrender of Lee at Appomattox Court House. The Thirteenth was called a " dandy regiment," but soon showed what metal it was made of. First at New Orleans, then at Port Hudson and the other battle-fields around Vicksburg, and finally under Sheridan in the Shenandoah valley, the chivalric spirit of the gallant men who composed it was exemplified by many noble deeds. The Twenty-eighth also shoAved a brave and patriotic devotion, particularly in the battles around Vicksburg, where many of its noblest and best men were slain. Stamford was also represented in the battles of Chancelloi*sville, Gettysburg, Cedar Creek, and most of the other important battles of the war. Men, money and supplies were furnished with generous patriotism hardly surpassed even in our own State. More than 8'74,000 were subscribed by the citizens of the town to maintain the L^nion and its defenders, while the devoted women labored Avithout ceasing that the gallant soldiers might not be in need of anything in the physical, mental, or religious spheres. Many homes were left desolate by the war. Among the number of the noble dead we find the names of the following: Captain Francis R. Leeds, formerly cashier of the Stamford Bank, who died in Florida, December, 1862, a victim to over exertion in his devotion to the country and the effects of the Southern climate; Lieutenant Charles Durand, who was shot while leading his command in the charge at Port Hudson; Corporal James Vail and Jason Wardell, who were also shot during the same cliarge. All these, and others whose names we do not now find, were among the most beloved and honored citizens of Stamford, and though their loss created deep mourning, yet now their memory brings no thought save that of sacred peace and the noble work which they helped to achieve. It is since the war that most of the progress of Stamford has been made. As the beauties and facilities of the place have come to be better known it has rapidly advanced both as a manufacturing center and as a summer resort. The manufacturing interest has grown so extensively that it has placed the town in the front rank among the busy cities of this busy State. A line which has made the town famous in all parts of the country is the manufacture of locks, one of the largest houses of the. kind, probably, in the world, being located here. Large quan- tities of stoves, iron, brass, copper, and hollow ware, hot air and cooking range.s, castings, boots and shoes, wire and edge tools, carriages, billiard tables, wall paper (Lincrusta- Walton), fire-brick, drain pipes, marble and stone carvings, are also made here and exported. The town has assumed already that air of modern progress and 156 STAMFORD, PAST AND PRESENT. enterprise which mark the larger cities of the State. Many massive and elegant structures have arisen of late years to represent the business of the town. In their lines the buildings of the Yale & Towne Company, the Brunswick & Balke Company, and the Stamford Bank have few superiors in the State. A beautiful town-hall building, of brick and Ohio stone, has been erected at a cost of $150,000. The Ferguson Library, one of the best in this part of the State and thoroughly appreciated by the people, also occupies an elegant building. There are twelve churches in the town, all well sustained, and some of their edifices are very beautiful. Thi-ee enterprising newspapers are published here, and admirably sustain the public interests. There are also two national and two sav.ngs banks, beside a large number of mercantile houses, some of large proportions and Avide reputation. The situation of Stamford has played no small part in its recent development. Hardly more than an hour's ride from New York by rail, it was not possible that its advantages could long escape observant and admiring eyes. At the present time, twenty-eight trains a day stop at Stamford coming from New York, and as many going the other way, beside a special train which the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company have recently added to meet a growing need of those coming up from New York late in the evening from the theatres. A steamboat line has also been established, and daily trips are made back and forth from the metropolis. Stamford has now come to be one of the most popular residences for business men in the vicinity of New York city. The pure, invigorating atmosphere, the magnificent scenery toward the Sound and back toward the country, its fine roads for riding, and the unusual social and church privileges for a country residence have justly rendered it one of the most delightful of all our places of country residence or summer resort. The town is said to have " more elegant private residences than any other of its size in the State." The beautiful situation and advantages of "Shippan Point " are too well known to need description. In addition to the good points we have already named, the facilities for sea- bathing, boating and fishing, the large number of first-class hotels with every ac- commodation, and the lack of dazzle and glare which confound many as the true aim of a season's recreation, have made Stamford one of the most popular of our summer resorts for those who can discern and appreciate the " real " advantages of a watering place. The ever-increasingly large number who spend a few weeks or months of the summer here, goes to show that this is a growing class among our people, and that Stamford is rightly coming to take a high rank among the best watering places on the New England coast. The population, which in 1880 was 11,298, is now estimated to be not lower than 15,000, and will probably increase yet more rapidly in the near future. The school system is a most excellent one. There are seventeen common schools in the town, four graded schools and two academies, which are all managed by the most approved modern methods and offer exceptional privileges. Several private schools are also maintained. The management of the water and gas supply is most scientific and satisfactory, and great attention is paid to the efticiency of the fire and police depart- ments. To a very marked degree Stamford is coming rapidly to assume an import- ant position among the representative New England cities of to-day. Msiiss \m St. John, Hoyt & Co., Lumber Dealers, Canal Dock. — Since the busine-is was innuirurated in 1868, this house has maintained its leadership amona; the representative mercantile concerns of Stamford, and the firm have long been i2 •'icres. The main building is 30x70 and like most of the other aux- iliarj- buildings, two stories high. Everything pertaining to the Lumber trade is furnished hy this well known enterprising firm, as House Trimmings in Pine and Hard Wood, Siding, Shingles, Lath, etc., etc. The mills are equipped with all the latest im- provements, as AVood's twelve inch moulders, considered the best in the world. From 40 to 50 hands find steady employment the whole j-ear round, and the capacity of boiler and engine is 80 horsepower. Mr. Chas. H. White, the senior member of the firm, is a native of Brooklyn, N. Y., and is thor- oughly conversant with his business, having begun his career when but 21 years old and came here in 1876. was superintendent for St. John, Iloyt & Co. six years, starting this concern, as above stated, in 1882. Mr. Wm. ^Y. Gillespie has re- sided in this city for many years. He was formerly proprietor and editor of the Stamford Advocate. In 1882 he entered into this firm as partner with Mr. White, from the day it was started. He was a member of the State Legisla- ture and has sliown considerable interest in the principal business enterprises of Stamford. Mr. Asa M. Thayer, the junior member of the firm, is by trade a practical mill and lumberman. He became partner of the concern in 1883, and has ever since had charge of the mechanical de- partment. Since the establishment of this enterprise their success has been unprecedented. The induce- ments that are offered are the most liberal in every respect compared to other lines, and their connections reach all over the State of Connecti- cut, and goods are shipped directly from their wharf. As a firm they are recognized as a leading one among the many in the State of Connecticut, en- joying a high commercial and financial standing, and through a long experience with every detail of their business and a high reputation for in- tegrity and fair dealing, are justl}' entitled to the confidence and consideration of the public. The Little Paper Store 'Round the Corner. C. R. Toms, House and Sign Painter, Paper Hanger, etc.. Wall Paper in great variety. Store and shop 6 Gay Street. Stamford. — Xot by any means the least important branch of industr}- in this city and one deserving special recognition is that of Wall Papers and House and Sign Paint- ing. Probably one of the oldest established and most extensive house in this branch of com- merce in Stamford is that presided over by Mr. C. R. Toms. This business was established by the present proprietor in 1871. The premises occupied for the transaction of business are lo- cated at 6 Gay street, and consists of a store 15x 60 feet in dimensions with a shop in the rear. A very fine displaj' is made in all the choice and new designs in Wall Paper of both foreign im- portation and domestic manufacture. And in addition to the sale of Wall Paper, Mr. Toms does an extensive business in House and Painting and Paper Hanging. The extent of this business requires the em- ployment of twenty very skillful workmen, whose ability and ariistic tastes are displayed in the man}' productions of this house. Mr. Toms is a native and highly esteemed citi- zen of Stamford. To our readers and especially the residents of this city we can therefore com- mend this house as one which is in the enjoy- ment of every facility to attract the current of legitimate trade. Buying direct from manufac- turers, he is in a position to offer the most sub- stantial advantages to bis patrons as to prices, quality of goods and completeness of work. Sign Itj3 LEADING BUSINESS MEX OF STAMFORD. The Stamford Safe Deposit Co. — The princi- ple ol' security rests at the very foundatiou of all successful business enterprise. Recent years have proven that nothing is more important, as the multiplicity of means toward securing this end will testif j'. With the extension and develop- ment of business activity, the approximation to- ward absolute security has been going on, until in oiir day the culmination seems to have been nearly arrived at. The establishment of such an institution as the Stamford Safe Deposit Co., which was organized in April, 1887, marks an important era in the mercantile affairs of a city. All the results and benefits of modern science in this direction are brought into close connection with the business of the city, and it would be hard to estimate the various and important advantages accruing there from. No manufacturer or merchant can afford to neglect the privileges which are assured to one who possesses a secure depository in such conven- ient proximity to his office. That the value of this institution is highly appreciated by the busi- ness men of Stamford is demonstrated by the fact that two hundred and fifty-four safe deposit boxes have been erected. The vaults of the company are situated in the new building of the Stamford Savings Bank, and the boxes are rented at a yearly rate of from five to forty dollars. The lock doors were made by the Yale Lock Co., and are a marvellous piece of art, working on the clock system. Probably no mechanism ever invented was better adapted to obtain perfect security. Every detail of the management is admirably fitted to the purpose in view. The names of the following oSicers are in themselves the best guarantee of fidelity: Presi- dent, W. W. Skiddy; treasurer, John B. Reed, Jr.; secretary, Satterlee Swartwout; directors, Wm. W. Skiddy, Chas. A. Hawley, Geo. H. Hoyt, John B. Reed, Jr., Walton Ferguson, Samuel Fessenden, VV. H. Judd, S. Swartwout. Such a representative institution as the Stam- ford Safe Deposit Co. deserves the hearty and unanimous support of the progressive business men in this part of the State. Charles Fox, Manufacturer of Small Station- ary and Yacht Engines. — By reason of the races for the "Queen's Cup" and the wonderful per- formances of the Puritan and the Mayflower, yachting has come into great prominence of late years, so much so, in fact, as almost to divide the honors with base ball. But the careful observer will notice that in spite of the poetry of "a wet sheet and a flowing sea," etc , steam yachts are coming more and more into use as their many good pomts are more generally appreciated. We do not refer to the palatial craft costing hun- dreds of thousands of dollars, but to the swift little launches from 20 to 40 feet in length, which do not require the income of a whole railway system for their support. Of course the princi- pal and most important thing about a steam launch is its engine, and this to be satisfactory must be light yet strong, smooth running and small, yet powerful, and simple in construction yet economical of steam, and we believe that in these respects and many others the Engines made by Mr. Charles Fox, of this city are all that could be wished. Mr. Fox began business nine years ago. His shop is 24x40 feet and four hands are employed in the manufacture of small Stationary and Yacht Engines to order. ]\[r. Fox will build an Engine to suit the pecu- liar service required of it, and his work will always be found strictly first class and his prices very reasonable. He is a native of this city and a most skillful mechanic, and he also does general machine work to order. S. C. Ingersollj Proprietor of the IngersoU Feed Mill, lugersoll Building, Canal Street, Stamford. — In referring to various enterprises that are represented in this busy little city the "IngersoU Feed Mill" is worthy of extended notice. This mill is located in the IngersoU Building on Canal street, and is fully equipped with all the latest and most approved machinery, propelled by an eighteen horsepower steam engine. Being the only mill in Stamford they do an extensive business. It also manufactures Grain and Feed of all kinds and deals in Hay and Straw by the sheaf, bale or ton, also the very best and purest grades of Tea and Coffee. Mr. S. C. IngersoU established this business in 1875 as the IngersoU Mill, and has conducted it in a highly successful manner. Several are employed in these mills and the busi- ness is very extensive of both a wholesale and re- tail character. He has a large city trade as well as outside from those parties who deal in a su- perior grade of Flour, etc. ]\lr. IngersoU is a native of Connecticut and is highly esteemed by a large circle of fiiends. Mr. IngersoU is exclusive agent for Peat Moss Bedding — it is the cheapest. He is sole agent for Stamford and vicinity of Quiunipiac Fertilizer. John W. Alphonse, Dealer in Stationery, Toj's, Base Ball Goods, Baby Carriages, Books, Maga- zines, Daily and Weekly Newspapers, Etc., Holiday Goods, Christmas and Easter Cards. — This popular dealer commenced business eighteen or twenty years ago, and he is known to be the oldest news dealer in town. The store occupied is centrally located and covers an area of 20x70 feet in size, and contains a fine assortment of all kinds of goods in this line of trade, including Toys, Stationery, Harmonicas, Knives, Base Ball Goods of all descriptions. Fishing Tackle, Combs and Brushes, Toilet Soap, Lunch Baskets, Baby Carriages, Pocket Books, and Yankee Notions of every description, Books, Magazines, Daily and Weekly Newspapers, etc., also Holiday Goods, Christmas and Easter Cards in their season. The annual business transacted is quite large. Trade is principally located in the city and vicinity. Mr. Alphonse keeps a fine stock of the latest works on History,Travel, Biography and Fiction, supplemented with choice Magazine Literature. His list of Books is varied and complete and is continually being added to. His store receives a large patronage, which the enterprising proprie- tor justly merits. Mr. Alphonse is well qualified to push his business to still greater usefulness and import- ance. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF STAMFORD. 163 The Yale & (known prior to facturins: Co.), Towne Manufacturing Co. 18So as tlie Yale Lock Manu- have conducted -with eminent success, one of the principal lock and liardware manufactories in the country, including among their many products the well known Yale lock, with corrugated key, which is conceded to be the most secure lock made. The works at Stamford constitute one of the most extensive and complete of the industries of New England of whatever description. The immense factory buildings of the com- pany cover an area of nearly three acres, and are equipped in the most thorough manner with valuable, improved machinery. The buildings are of brick, and some of them proved style, having every facility for the care and accommodation of sixt}'- four horses. The stalls are large and well ven- tilated, and both build- ings are light and airy. ^Ir. McXally owns some of the finest turn- outs to be obtained in the city, and Horses and Carriages are to let at all hours. Hacks supplied for Weddings, Parties or Funerals at short notice. A fine large Omnibus can be obtained for pleasure parties and excursions. Horses are boarded by the daj^ or week. ^^^" Ten assistants are con- stantly employed, and all horses while entrusted to the care of this estab- lishment receive the best of grooming and atten- tion. Mr. McNally is a native of Stamford, and his energy and natural business ability he succeeded in making his establishment largest and most popular of its kind in city. by has the the E. S. Holly, Dry Goods, Carpets, etc., 2 Park Row.— To fully appreciate all the advances which our modern civilization has made, it is necessary for one to examine the collections of prominent houses dealing in those lines of goods, which have come to be considered necessities of our time. Life itself has come to wear a brighter are four and five stories in height, as shown in aspect since art and science have united in mak- cut, with granite trimmings, and the works throughout are a pattern of completeness, con- venience and good management. About 700 workmen are employed in tlie numerous departments of the work, and the quantit}^ of merchandise turned out daily reaches a large aggregate. The output comprises all desirable styles and numerous novel, beautiful and useful designs in locks of every description, a large variety of Builders' and Manufacturers' Hardware, Cranes, Weston's Differential Pulley Blocks and other hoisting machinery. The demand for the man- ufactures of the Yale & Towne Co., is co-exten- sive with the limits of the continent, and is rapidlj' extending to foreign countries. The officers of the company are: President, H. R. Towne; Secretary, Schuyler Merritt; Treasurer, Geo. E. White. John McNally, Livery Stable, Office and Stable, Gay Street. — Among the many business industries conducted in Stamford that are worthy of notice in a work of this character, and one which we take great pleasure in mentioning, is the establishment of Mr. John McNally, whose fine large Livery Stables are located on Gay street. These popular Stables were established in ing the " enjoyment of the beautiful " a universal privilege. It is due as much, if not more, to others than to ourselves that the various appurtenances of apparel should be in taste, and calculated to inspire naught but pleasing emotions, while the adorning of'the home and making it a cosy nest or an enduring joy, whose every influence is beneficent for loved ones, comes within the range of the noblest motives of the human heart. All the aesthetic sensibilities are calculated to be awakened and gratified as one enters the store and inspects the stock of E. S. Holly, at 2 Park Row. A large assortment of Drj- Goods, Carpets and similar commodities oflfera to a discriminating purchaser an exceptional oppor- tunity for obtaining that real boon — satisfaction. The extensive variety makes it possible to select the desired articles at a moderate outlay. Althoutch the present business was established in May of this year (1887), so far from having a reputation to make it is already made. Mr. E. S. Holly succeeds to established custom and good-will of the veteran house, Hubbard & Holly, widely and favorably known for a gen- eration past. A handsomely fitted up salesroom, thirty feet by one hundred, makes a fitting depository for the valuable stock of the house. All who desire to examine their goods may be 1878 by their present proprietor, and comprise two large buildings located on opposite sides of \ assured of receiving the most courteous attention, the street, which are fitted up in the most ap- I and low prices. 164 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF STAMFORD. THE INGERSOLL MFG. CO., MACHINISTS AND JOBBERS, MANUFACTURERS OF THE INGERSOLL EXCELSIOR ROCK DRILL, AND OTHER SPECIALTIES, CANAL STREET, STAMFORD. Union House. — That America has by far the best and most comfortable hotels in the world has been so universally admitted by travelers of all nalionalties that argument in its confirmation is superfluous. We believe that there are few in- telligent travelers who have passed a day or two at the Union House of Stamford, under its pres- ent management w^ho will not pronounce it fully equal to other houses of its size in the country. Messrs. F. L. Carter and Jas. Connor are the proprietors; they are both gentlemen of experi- ence, fully understanding the wants of the public. This house is an old and popular one, having been opened many years ago as a hotel. The house is a three-story and basement struc- ture and is supplied with all modern conveniences and is conducted under a system which leaves no room for improvement; a large force of assistants being employed. It has ample and very comfort- able accommodations for sixty guests, who will find every comfort and attention within its doors. The tables are supplied with the verj^ best the market affords. The proprietors are genial and accommodating gentlemen, with whom it is a pleasure to meet and deal, and who have made the Union House first-class in every respect. The house is run on the American plan and we take pleasure in recommending all visitors to this city, either on pleasure or business, to stop at the Union, where we a'=sure them they will re- ceive all the attention and comfort that can be had at a first-class hotel. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF STAMFORD 165 Geo. D. Hoyt, Carpenter and Builder, Eleva tions, Plans, aod Specifications Made on Short Notice. Estimates Furnished and Contracts ^lade. Shop, Pacitic corner Canal Street, Resi- dence No. 5 Bedford Street. — This enterprising gentleman succeeded to this business in 1872, it Laving been founded one year previous by Messrs. Waterbury ct Iloyt. lie is prep ired to make elevations, plans and specifications on short no- tice; estimates are also furnished and contracts made for all jobs, either in or out of Stamford. He is a practical, experienced and well informed gentlem-in, who is fair in his dealings and honor- able in business conduct, as well as prompt and faithful in keeping his contracts to the letter. We can cheerfully commend him to the readers of this volume as being competent and efHcieut, ■as well as reasonable in his charges. He employs a large number of skilled work- men, and all work will be done in a satisfactory manner. Mr. Hoyt is a native of Stamford, where he is recognized as a first class workman in every par- ticular. He answers all correspondence prompt- ly and business entrusted to him will receive prompt attention and be performed in a work- manlike manner. His office is at the corner of Pacific and Canal streets, where application should be made in per- son or by letter. Here he occupies two floors 60x36 feet in dimensions, well arranged for the business. All kinds of jobbing will be executed in a sat isfactory manner. Mr. Hoyt may also be com- municated with by telephone. Lyman Hoyt & Son, Dealers in all kinds of Puruiture, Engravings and Etchings, Bric-a- Brac. etc., Atlantic Square. — A business estab- lished for half a century would seem to be so well known to the public as to render anj' men- tion of it in public print, an act of supereroga- tion, but as this work aims to give a comprehen- sive account of the business interests of Stam- ford, it would be strangely incomplete if mention was not made of so representative and successful a house as that of Lyman Hoyt & Son. Bn-iness was inaugurated by Mr. Lyman Hoyt iu 1837, so that it will b^ seen that a full half century of existence has just been completed, dur- ing which time this establishment has taken a place as one of the institutions of Stamford. Tlie firm name and title from 1837 to 1871 was Lyman Hoyt, and from 1871 to 1880 was Lyman Hoyt & Sons, when Joseph A. Hoyt, one of the sons and partner, died. Since then it has been Lyman Ho}'t &. Son. All kinds of Furniture are dealt in, including art productions of great b''auty, as well as a full assortment of the common grades. Engravings, Etchings and Brie a Brae are also extensively handled, and a most beautiful collection is at hand to select from. A fine brick building four stories in height and measuring 30x100 feet is occupied, and is found none too spacious to accommodate the firm's in- creasing trade. ]Mr. Lyman Hoyt is a native of Stamford, and jNIr. Chas. L. Hoyt was born in Monroe, New Tork State. George R. Faucett, Manufacturer and Dealer in Harness, VVhii)s, Robes, Trunks, Valises, Bags. — We beg to call attention to the enterprise of Mr. Geo. R. Faucett, manufacturer and dealer in Harness, Whips, Robes, etc., whose store and siiop is located at No. 114 Main street, in the Union House Block. This gentleman established his business four j'ears ago, and has conducted it with uninter- rupted success from the start. Tlie premises occupied cover an area of 24.x 60 feet, and consist of a well arranged store with a shop in the rear. A number of skilled workmen are employed and a very large and lucrative trade is transacted, extending throughimt Stamford and vicinity. Mr. Faucett manufactures Harness and Horse Furnishing Goods of every description, and is prepared to fill orders at the shortest pos- sible notice. He also carries one of the finest stocks of Harness, Whips, Robes, Blankets, Soap, Oil, Curry Combs, Brushes, Trunks, Val- ises, Bngs, etc., in town, and at most reasonable prices. He also makes a specialty of repairing Trunks in a neat and highly satisfactory manner. Mr. Faucett is well known throughout Stam- ford, and is a gentleman of energy and ability, well experienced in his business and one with whom it is a pleasure to deal. He is also jobber in Harness and Saddlery Goods. Full supply of Whipsockctsand Carriage Aprons, etc., is carried. Gillespie Brothers, Printers and Book-Binders. Proprietors of the Stamford A'tvcate, f>tab- lished 1829. Advocate Place. — This is one of the most thoroughly equipped printing houses in this section, and the large patronage it receives is readily accounted for by the excellent charac- ter of its work. The business was started iu 1829, by Wm. H. Holl}', succeeded in 1883 by the present manage- ment, Gillespie Brothers. The machinerj^ is of the most improved kinds known, and is run by steam power. It requires ten skilled hands to keep pace with the demands made upon the establishment. They do all kinds of Bank, Job and Commercial Printing, and have a very large variety of plain, fancy and ornamental tj'pe, embracing all the latest and most approved s'yles; and every kind and variet}' of work can be done here. Tliey are also manufacturing stationers and wholesale and retail dealers in stationery, etc. Their Printing establishment is located in Advocate place, where they occupy two floors 90x40 feet in dimensions. They have also iu connection with this a Book-Binding Department, where work is done jiromptly and in a satisfac- tory manner. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. R. H. and E. T. W. Gillespie, both of whom have been connected with thi concern for many years. They are tlioroughly experienced gentle- men in all the details of their business They are also the proprietors of the Stimford Adv cate, Stamford's oldest newspaper, having been estab- lished in 1829. In prices this firm a e able to duplicate any that can be given elsewhere. We can safely assure our readers that in corres- ponding and doing business with this firm they will meet with a prompt response and find deal- ing with them both pleasant and profitable. 166 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF STAMFORD. purposes consist of a three-story building 240x60 feet in dimensions, fitted up with the most modern macliintry used in the manufac- ture of their goods, propelled by a 25 horse- power steam engine. They employ 250 skilled hands, and an immense business is done. They manufacture all kinds of ladies", misses' and children's Straw Hats and Bonnets, and their prices are as reasonable as any in the market. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. T. B. Smart, J. H. Patterson and W. B. Rice. Mr. Smart is a native of Rhode Is- land, Mr. Patterson of Canada and Mr. Rice of Westboro, Mass. All these gentlemen are highly experienced, liaving all from boyhood worked in the same business, and well merit the success they have ichieved throughout the country, shipping ^oods direct all over the country from the Atlan- tic to the Pacific Oceans. We take pleasure in commending a house of this standing to our many readers at home and abroad. Temple of Music, J. H. Christie, Manager — Connecticut possesses many establishments en- gaged in this line of trade, but none are more deserving of recognition and prominent consider- ation in the present volume than that of Mr. J. H. Christie, whose extensive establishment, bet- ter known as the "Temple of Music," is centrally located at No. 1 Bedford street. This house was founded four years ago by the present manager, and has, owing to his honorable business policy, pursued an uninterrupted career of prosperity, and now ranks among the leading houses in the State, engaged in this line of com- merce. The preike advan- tage or charge exorbitant rates. By his honora- ble upright career he has won the confidence and respect of the citizens of Danbury. H. M. Robinson, Watches, Jewelry, Silver- ware, Books and Stationery, 189 Main Street.— A business enterprise, which by reason alike of its old estal)lishment and the push and energy shown in its management, can hardl}' fail to be universally known to our readers, is that con- ducted by Mr. H. M. Robinson. The inception of this business was in 1854 when it was founded by Mr. Huntington, who in 1859 became associated with the present proprie- tor under the name of Huntington ifc Robinson. Mr. Robinson has had sole contiol for the past twenty-five years, during which time the growth of the business has been steady and large. The main store occupied is of the dimensions of 20x75 feet. A very heavy and varied stock is carried of watches, clocks, jewelry, silverware, etc. As well as a full line of fancy articles, optical goods, books, stationery and kindred wares. The trade is wholly retail and has reached large propor- tions, as it has long been known to the residents of Danbury and vicinity that this establishment is a most excellent place in which to make pur- chases. Mr. Robinson is a native of Ashford, Ct.,. and is one of the best known of our veteran mer- chants. Charles Rider, Insurance (Fire, Life and Acci- dent) Starr's Block, Main Street. — Careful and painstaking study and research is the price paid for material advancement in any line of endeavor, and in nothing is this more strictly true than in that relating to insurance. Thousands, yes mil- lions, of figures have been gone over again and again and the tables of mortality have been closely perused and thoroughly digested in order to offer to the publ c the many inestimable ad- vantages derived from Fire and Life Insurance to-day. The insurance business enlists the ser- vices of many of the most energetic and enter- prising of our men of business, and among these may be mentioned Mr. Charles Rider, whose of- fice is in Starr's Block, ilain street. This gentleman who established his present business about a year ago, occupies two neat of- fices in the l)lock referred to, and represents the following reliable companies: Glmn's Falls, 3Iilwaukee; Mechanics, American, of New York; Merchants of Newark, Pacific, New Hamp.shire; and Washington Fire and 3Iarine. These companies insure against fire, and 3Ir. Rider is also agent for the Phtcnix Life of Hart- ford and the Fidelity and Casualty Accident Insur- ance Co. of New York. Risks are placed at most fair and reasonable rates, and those desiring insurance can obtain it in no more desirable man- ner than through Mr. Rider. H. B. Weed, Dealer in Carriages. — The car- riage buMuess fills an important place in the list of commercial houses of a city, and a volume such as this would not be comprehensive with- out proper menticm of one of the leading houses engaged in this line. Therefore we take pleasure in giving due notice to our readers of the establishment of .Mr. II. B. Weed, who carries on an extensive wholesale and. retail business in this line. The premises, w'hich comprise three floors, each 70x30 feet in dimensions, are admirably and conveniently arranged for the display of the large and elegant stock of judiciously selected foreign and American manufactured Carriages, thus giving cu.'-tomers an infinite variety of pat- terns from which to select. At present employment is given to seven assistants, and the business is rapidly increasing. Mr. Weed is a native of Hudson, New York, and in all respects his house occupies a leading position in the city, not only with regard to the superiority of its .stock, but also for the enterprise- of its business policy, its liberality and prompt- ness with which alllts dealings are conducted. 184 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BANBURY. Werner Bros., Clothing and Gents' Furnish- ings, 220 Main Street. — With a thorough knowl- edge of the business and after having acquired the reputation of experts as judges of fashiona- ble male attire, Messrs. Werner & Bros, estab- lished in 1879 what is now one of the mo&t pop- ular Clothing and Gents' Furnishing establish- ments of the city. This firm occupy for business purposes the premises located at 325 Main street. The line of goods carried is such as to meet the wants of the most fastidious and fashionable, as well as the extremely plain or most ultra of patrons. The store covers an area of 20x90 feet, where the very large and complete stock is tastefully dis- played. The trade of this house, which is mostly retail extends throughout the city and vicinity. The stock of elegant Clothing and Furnishing Goods shown by this firm embraces all the latest styles and the newest and most approved novelties of the season. In addition to the close personal superintend- ence of the proprietors, the assistance of two very capable clerks are required to conduct the many details of this extensive trade. Both mem- bers of the firm, Mr. Morris and Elias Werner, are practical men at the business, and they have acquired a well deserved reputation for sedulous attention to business, liberally in all dealings, and care in the fit and fashion of garments, qualities which have much to do with the success attained and the present prominence of the house. P. T. Austin, Successor to Austin Brothers, House Furnishing Goods, Carpets, Oil Cloths, and Furniture, 191 Main Street, — In a carefully prepared review of the manufacturing and com- mercial industries of Danbury, and of the men who have contributed to the proud position now held in the markets of the world by this city, es- pecial interest is attached to those houses which have been so long established as to be a part of the history of the city itself. Such a house is the one now conducted by Mr. F. T. Austin, dealer in House Furnishing Goods, etc. This business was established by Mr. F. H. Austin many years ago and successfully con- ducted by him until 1877, when he was succeeded by his two sons, who have for the last nine years managed the business under the firm name of Austin Bros. In February, 1887, Mr. F. T. Austin assumed full control, since which date the business has been under his sole management. From a small beginning the citizens of Danbury have seen this now splendid enterprise grow to its present proportions, and to the sound judgment and honorable business record of its proprietors the success is largely due. The premises occupied for the transaction of this business are located at 191 Main street, and comprise a store 25x60 feet in dimensions, with a basement of the same size, where is displayed the fine stock of Carpets, Oil Cloths, etc. The stock handled by this house consists of the largest and most complete assortment of House Furnish- ings and Furniture to be found in this city. In the Upholstering Department are many specialties in Raw Silk and Lace Curtains, Cretonnes, Cot- ton and Silk Plushes, etc. In the Furniture Department all the new and most desirable styles, also a fine line of Carpets, Oil Cloths, Rugs, Wall Paper, etc., and in fact everything requisite for a complete and elegant furnishing of houses. This business, which is mostly retail, requires the employment of six very capable assistants, and the details of the business are most ably managed under the direct supervision of the pro- prietor, Mr, Austin is a native of Danbury; a gentle- man highly esteemed in social and business circles. Osborne Brothers, Dealers in Jjumber, 113 White Street. — With exceptional facilities for their large trade, the above named firm have for nine j^ears past conducted one of the leading lumber establishments in southwestern Connec- ticut, with their oflice at 112 White street. The extensive yards of the firm are admirably located and arranged with reference to receipt, storage and .shipment of merchandise, and there is not in the State a more desirable or reliable source of supply. The firm carry at all times in stock a large as- sortment of seasoned Hard and Soft Lumber of every description and for all purposes, and sup- ply in large or small quantities, all kinds of building materials at short notice and low prices, and in a Avide range of business the house exerts an influence most commendable. The energy, business methods and worth of the Messrs. Osborne, command, at all times, the confidence of builders and consumers generally, Messrs. Chas. K. and Chester C. Osborne are the individual members of the firm. They are natives of Danbury and are business men of ability and indomitable energy, and esti- mable citizens in all that is signified by the term. John H. Cosier, Real Estate, 809 Main Street. — From the inception of the above house it has been recognized as one cif the principal realty concerns of the city, where could be found an extensive list of the most desirable city and suburban property, farms and land. Since 1868 the proprietor of this enterprise, Mr, John H. Cosier, has been intimately con- nected with the business interests of Danbury, and he has in consequence made the venture a great success, having been engaged in this busi- ness longer than any other real estate house in Danbury. His office is prominently located at 309 Main street, where he is pleased to meet and accom- modate in any way those interested in the pur- chase, sale or renting of property. In addition to his realty business, he is pre- pared to loan money at lowest rates on approved securities in any amounts, and he will be found a safe medium for transacting business of this na- ture. Mr. Cosier is a native of New Fairfield, Ct. , and is a member of the Board of Relief, besides holding other public offices. He is well and favorably known throughout this section, and is one of Dauburj^'s most esteemed citizens. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DANBURY. 185 Couch's Photograph Gallery, No. 201 1^ .Main Street. — Probably in no l)ranch of the industrial arts has more marked improvement been made in recent years than in that of Pho- tography, and it is witli pleasure that -we call the attention of our readers to one of the oldest studios in Danbury, which was established in 18(52 by its present proprietor, Mr. H. E. Couch. I The premises occupied by him for the conduct ] of the business are located at 201 J^ Main street, and comprise three large reception and operating rooms. The reception rooms are handsomely and comfortably furnished, and decorated with an innumerable variety of pictiu'es of all kinds mostly the production of this establishment. The operating rooms are supplied with all the new and improved facilities for the production of the art. The assistance of two very skillful artists are required in addition to the close personal atten- tion of 31r. Couch. Perfect satisfaction is guar- anteed in all work performed at this establisli- ment, which includes Photographs and Portraits of all styles and sizes. Mr. Couch has the reputation of producing some of the finest specimens in this branch of art ever ottered in Danbury. Mr. Couch is a native of Connecticut, and a gentleman of rare artistic ability. Genial in disposition, he has won the esteem of the entire community. F. L. Wilson, Pictures and Picture Frames, 201 Main Street. — The artistic tastes of a com- munity is a sure index of its refinement and culture, and we are safe in asserting that in no city of equal magnitude is this more evident than in Danbury. This city possesses to a marked degree in its establishments every facility for fostering the iTiSthetic tastes of the community, and it is in a large measure due to houses like that of Mr. F. L. Wilson, which serves as a prominent type, that these to-be desired results have been at- tained. Mr. Wilson has been established in this line of business in Danbury since 1882, and during the period since elapsed this enterprise has steadily advanced in importance until it has culminated in achieving the strongest position in this special branch of trade. The premises utilized for the business are located at 261 Main street, opposite the Post Office, and comprises a store 20x60 feet in dimen sions, where is tastefully displayed the very fine and complete assortment of goods liandled w^hich consists of a fine selection of Pictures and Picture Frames, Statuettes and Art goods; and in addition to the above mentioned line of goods, ]VIr. Wil- son deals extensively in a choice assortment of Watches and Jewelry. Employment is given to three very capable and reliable clerks, and this extensive retail trade, which is under the direct management of Mr. Wilson, is most eflUcieutly handled. Mr. Wilson makes a specialty of repairing jeweley, and all work entrusted to his care is executed in the best manner possible. Patrons visiting this very fine establishment, will find it possesses superior facilities which enables its proprietor to offer inducements difiicull to duplicate elsewhere, which will be found both pleasant and profitable to all purchasers. H. E. Reed, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Harness, IJlankets, Robes, Whips, Brushes, and Horse Goods of all Kinds, 300 Main Street. — With many years practical experience as a har- ness manufacturer, Mr. H. E. Reed established himself in the business in Danbury in 1878. and his success has, from the beginning, been decid- ed and continued. His shop and salesroom are eligibly located at No. 300 Main street, where can be found a very select assortment of merchandise, consisting of Harness, Blankets, Robes, Whips, Brushes and Horse Goods generally. The facilities of Mr. Reed for supi)lying first-class merchandise to order, and from stock on hand are unsurpassed, and have made his establishment one of the fav- orite resorts for owners of horses, wishing any- thing that is required in his line. Orders for all kinds of new and repair work are executed with dispatch and at most reasona- ble prices, and in all his dealings ]\Ir. Iiced is prompt, reliable and obliging. This representative business man is a native of Bristol, Connecticut, and is an expert in' every branch of his business, and the faith in his busi- ness integrity and worth which universally ob- tains is abundantly warranted. He is a genial, courteous dealer, and has developed a triide of large proportions. GAGE & BANKS, BROKERS, United Bank Building, Danbury, Stocks, Provisions, and Petroleum. (Also at Bridgeport.) Wm. H. Hawley, Wholesale and Retail Drug- gist, White and Ives Streets. — In detailing the various pursuits and enterprises which are car- ried on here and which together combine to make Danbury one of the important cities in the State, it would ill beccmie us to omit mention of the establishment carried on by Wm. H. Hawley, which although of but very recent inception has at once sprung into public favor. The premises occupied for the business are lo- cated at the corner of White and Ives streets and comprises two stores of the building measuring each 24x100 feet in dimensions. This business was established by its present proprietor in the fall of 1886, and through Ms native ability and perseverance has so rapidly in- creased that to day he controls a large wholesale and retail trade in all kinds of Drugs, 3Iedicines and Chemicals. ^Nlr. Hawley is a practical and thorough druggist and the public are assured that only pure'and unadulterated drugs are here offered for sale. The estent to which this business has reached requires the employment of several very compe- tent assistants and the business, which is under the direct supervision of the proprietor, is most efficifently managed. Mr. Hawley is a native of Danbury. an edu- cated pharmacist whose intelligent fulfillment of all orders mav be confidently relied upon. 186 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DANBURT. Dr. J. O. Whaley, Operative and Mechanical Dentist, over Hawley's Drug Store, Main Street. — No better illustration of the perfection which has been attained in dentistrj' can be found, than by an inspection of the establishmt nt conducted and managed by Dr. J. C. Whaley, operative and mechanical Dentist, which ever since its inception has been recognized as among the leading dental •establishments in Danburj'. This enterprise was founded in 1886 by its pres- ent proprietor and the premises utilized by him are now located over Mr. Hawley's drug store on Main street, opposite to the new City Hall. Dr. Whaley is a thoroughly practical dentist whose excellent work and skill displayed in the various branches of his art, has won for him a wide-spread reputation. His hours are from 8 :&. m. to 6 p. m., and all in need of any assistance in this line Avill tind him a dentist worthy their utmost confidence. Dr. Whaley is a native of Danbury, possessing a thorough knowledge of all the details of the dental art, being a graduate of the New York Oollege of Dental Surgery. He has met with suc- •cess and prosperity' hitherto, which will doubt less continue so long as he remains engaged in this pursuit. Wooster House, Leonard & Co., Proprietors, ■corner Main and White Streets. — The Wooster is by general consent one of the most popular and eligiWy located hotels in Danbury, being sit- uate midway between the railroad depots and in the business centre of the town. The hotel was first opened to the public thirty- ^ve years ago, and until April last it was con- ducted by Mr. W. W. Raymond, since which time Messrs. Leonard & Co. have refurnished the house throughout and have thus greatly im- proved the establishment. Under the present regime the hotel has been made a model of ele- gance and convenience throughout. It is fur- nished wilh every modern improvement, and at prices charged there is not a more desirable hos- telry in New England. Seventy large sleeping rooms are furnished in the most elegant manner, and the cuisine and manner of service are supe- rior in every particular. An excellent bar and fine billiard room are features of the hotel, and the sample rooms provided for traveling salesmen, make this a popular stopping place for this class ■of trade. Messrs. W. H. Leonard, S. P. Booth & J. S. Bliss are the proprietors of this well conducted liotel. It is under the immediate management of 3Ir. W. H. Leonard, a courteous, competent and popular host, whose pleasure consists in providing for the comfort and happiness of his guests. Mr. Bliss is the well known proprietor of the Turner House, one of the most favorite summer resorts of this section. Mr. Booth came to this city seven years ago from New York city, where he was connected with hotel interests of that city, but previous to that, he was five years here in the same hotel. He was born in this county and for ten years was with the City Hotel in Bridgeport. J. L. Day. Dealer in Fine Carriages, Wagons, Buggies, and Harness, Whips and Horse Goods generally, 260 Main street, opposite D. & N. R. R. Depot. — Experienced laorsemeu know how essential is a proper vehicle to enjoyment on the road, for not only the comfort of the rider but also that of the horse as well depends in a great measure on the character of the carriage which is used. Americans are noted for combining lightness with strength in many of their manufactured articles to a degree seldom if ever reached by makers of other nationalities, and in no special line of manufacture is this more strictly true than in that pertaining to vehicles, and particularly of those designed for pleasure purposes. The rage amongst a certain class for anything "English" has caused the importation of quite a number of English carriages, and the least observing of our readers can scarcely have* failed to notice the difference between these lumbering contrivances and our light and neat carriages. Residents of Danbury or vicinity have an ex- cellent chance to inspect and procure the latest productions in this line as what is believed to be the largest stock of Carriages, Wagons, Buggies, etc., in Western Connecticut, is carried by Mr. J. L. Day at his establi-hment No. 260 Main street. This gentleman began business three years ago, and by the excellence of Ills goods and the low- ness of his prices has established a large and growing business. The store is 76x75 feet in dimensions, and con- tains in addition to the goods mentioned a fine assortment of Harness, Whips, Ladies' and Gen- tlemen's i-iidiug Saddles and horse goods in gen- eral. All kinds of Harness are made to order at reasonable prices. Mr. Day was born in this city, and is very well known here. B D 13 7 I iers, Outfitters, anil iatters. The finest Domestic and Foreign Fabrics in READY-MADE CLOTHING always in the Newest Fashions. CHILDREN'S CLOTHINa A SPECIALTY. Novelties in Men's Outfittings, consisting^ of DRESS and FLANNEL SHIRTS, UNDEKWEAK, NECKWEAll, HOSIERY, SILK UMBRELLAS, CANES, &< ., &c., from the l)e.st Makers of all countries. ANDREW F. 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