i MMiknminiu j 1 Hlii TTiTTTTTt '" ' IT t} 5. (2 uini 1 i mm . ■ A vS KETCH OF THK HISTORY OF WHITEHALL, CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS. A DISCOURSE DELIVERED ON THE UTxii OF JUNE, 1847. By Rev. liCwis Kellogg. BEI\0 TUK TKNTH ANMVEHSAKV OF HIS MINISTRY IN I'lIK I'LACE. WHITEHALL: CJ. U. FAIRMAN, PBINTUK, ClIKOMCLE OFFlCii, 1847. >AA/-lf^, NOTE. Many of the notes of this discourse have been added since a copy was requested for pubhcation. I wish to say to those into whose hands it may fall that for several of its statements I have been obliged to rely on verbal testimo- ny, and if any one can furnish authentic corrections or additional facts of interest in the history of the place, I should be very glad to receive them. Hereafter they may be more prized than they are at present. DISCOURSE. Deuteronomv, xxxii: 7. " Remember the days of old." God's ancient people were required to search out, record, and trans- wit their own history, not to gratify idle curFnsity or feed national pride, but to mark in that history the hand of God, to learn from it His character and their duty, and draw incentives to fidelity in His service, 'is is the true " philosophy of history." With this view historical Uv. may be an appropriate pulpit theme. A century ago the forests of , ,s region echoed with the hostile cannon of the two most powerful IS of Europe. The ledge on the lake shore about a mile north ol i s place, well known by the designation of "Put's rock" is a mc-r -nto of the carnage of that confiict.* o one seeking .for accurate historical information it is annoying to find ooseness in giving localities, scenery, and facts, in some of our early les. For example Cutter in his biography of Putnam, says lie was sent •ith Bay nl the foot of Lake George. Mr. Headley, following doubtless historians, says Putnam's position was on Woodcreek near where it falls (G lake ; but no such scenery as he describes is to be found on Woodcreek, at least for several miles from the lake, to say nothing of the ludicrous idea of M)0 men gliding in canoes up the falls at its mouth. Some apofogy for the confusion wh'icfi tlie reader of history will find in giving locy an embankment which formed the base of a picket fort, said to have been constructed during that war. Within that enclosure was a large block house, erected near the close of the last century and furnished with port-holcs. Within that edifice some now among us have listened to orations on the anniversary of our independence, and occasionally to religious service on the Sabbath, conducted by some traveling mission- ary. It stood on or near the spot now occupied by the residence of J. H. Ijoyd Esq. The result of the contest which Americans usually designate " The French War," gave England the quiet possession of about five eighths of all North America. After its close this town was distributed in lots of 200 acres each as bounty land to the soldiers who had served in that war. Philip K. Skeene an English Major under half pay, it appears purchased for a trifle a large number of these grants and to perfect his title secured a Royal Patent. He effected a settlement at the head of navigation on Lake Champlain. — This settlement he called Skeenesborough which name it bore till after the war of the revolution. He subsequently secured more military grants, and obtained a second Patent. One of these covered 20,000 enjoined the most perfect silence. Soon the foremost canoe was in sight and shot quietly along a little past the ambuscade, .lust then one of Putnam's men in adjusting his gun struck it slightly against a stone. In the stillness of a calm^ evening the sound was heard and instantly the oars of the advanced canoes were still. Those behind came up, and soon 600 warriors were lying in their frail vessels directly in front of the parapet. The full moon shone on flic water and revealed every movement of that startled group, while tliey gazed up the bank in vain for any indication of a foe. There was a buzz of low Imrried consultation among the leaders, suddenly cut short by a flash of lire arms the entire length of the parapet above. The aim of Putnam and his party had been fearfully precise. For one moment were heard groans and splasliing in the water and all appeared confusion, but in an another each tirelock was raised and a volley of 500 balls answered the fatal challenge of the 35. The shot of the French however was wasted on the rock and breast work and adjoining forest, while every discharge of Putnam's party told terribly among their unprotected adversaries. At length Molang the leader of the French and Indians dispatched a party down the lake a short distance with orders to effect a landing and charge in rear of the parapet. Putnam iliscovered the movement and sent 12 of his little band to beat them back : this they accomplished and the battle was continued till about daylight. It was tlien ascertained that a detachment of the French had effected a landing some distance below the place where the first attempt was made, and were moving up, and Putnam having nearly exhausted his ammunition hastily retreated to Fort Edward. His party had been so well protected that two only were wounded, while they had killed or wounded nearly 250 of their foes, an average of G or 7 to each individual of their own party, acrns and the other 9,000.* Skeeiie wu.-! a mapi.strat(> of the noun and sometiines received the title ot' (iovonior. lie was th<' owner of scl- eral slaves. His residence was a .stone l»uildin«; nearly opposite the present dwelling house of Joseph Jillson on Williams street. He erected a stone edifice 1:30 feet long on the place now occupied as a garden l»y the family of the late Judge Wheeler. It was designed for a military garrison, hut I am not aware that it was ever need as such unless during the short time Burgoyne's arujy lay here in 1777. Its walls, or portions of them, were standing within the rocollection (li many of our citizens. f Near the east end was an arched gateway, the keystone of which may now be seen in the north basement wall of the Baptist Church. It bears his initials P. K. S. and the date ITTO. On the 9lh of May 1775->-the day on which Ethan Allen and hi* followers left Castleton to surprise and capture Ticonderoga — a small party of provincials from Connecticut left the same place to sc cure the possession of Skecnesborough. This was the first aggres- sive movement of the colonists in the revolutionary war, being nearly six weeks before the battle of Bunker's hill. This place was secured Avithout oppogition. Skeene M'as absent or concealed and they pillaged his house for supplies. | I have had an account of this expedition from a son of one of the party, and with it the well known story that they found the body of Skeene's wife in the cellar, where it was said to have been preserved by him for several years, to secure an annuity devised to her " while she remained above ground."|| They took the body and buried it in the rear of the dwelling. Skeene retired to Canada and ultimately joined the army under Burgoyne. The possession of this place was indispensable to the command of the Lake — 'an object of great importance to the colonies— and Gen. Schuyler was ordered to repair the public works. A garrison was stationed here, and in 1776 vessels and bateaux Avere construct' cd and a little fleet fitted out in our harbor which was put under the * The date of these Patents I have not learned, and are not able to say which was first obtained — together they embraced the whole of the present town of Whitehall except 4000 acres on its eastern border. t A portion of it was appropriated to the storage of Agricultural products, and it was called Skeene' s Barn. I Some accounts say he was captured. I think this is a mistake. II I believe tlie substance of this story to be authentic, and I notice it as an in-' cident in the early history of tlte place illustrating huvnan cupidity and fraud. 6 command of Arnold.* On tlie night of July 5tli 1777, the Americans were driven from Ticondoroga. They placed their stores and baggage in bateaux and sent them under a small convoy to this place. The em- barkation was discovered by the light of a building recklessly fired by the retreating troops, and the British dispatched two Frigates and sev- eral gun boats in pursuit. Gen. Mattoon, late of Amherst Mass., was a subaltern in the convoy and from him I have had a minute account of the adventure. Before they reached the landing their pursuers were in sight and they hastily left their boats and dispersed. He thought the number of houses here at that time did not exceed four. One of these, whose inmates appeared to be French, he entered and called for re- freshnients, but before he could partake them a cannon ball from one of the pursuiiig frigates entered the house, crushed the table and scattered the refreshments over the room. To one or two of the bateaux match- es were applied by the Americans as they retired, and they were blown up. The remainder with the stores were all captured in our harbor and destroyed or appropriated by the enemy. Burgoyne immediately moved on to this place with the main body of his army. He lay here two or three weeks constructing a road through to Fort Ann,f arranging baggage trains, advancing his heavy artillery, i&c, in preparation for moving on to Fort Edward. During his stay Burgoyne and his staff" were entertained by Skeene at his own house, and the tents of his bannered host, thus far triumphant, whitened the spot where we now so peacefully worship, spreading over the entire eminence from Church street west to the base of the mountain. Skeene being well acquainted with the country was sent out from Fort Edward with the detachment to Bennington and was in the battle at that place. I have been told by one who was there, that being person- ally known to many of the Americans, they made a great effort to cap- ture him alive, though with no design of mercy. :j: The capture of Burguoyne at Schuylcrville thoroughly crushed the power of the English * The fleet of Arnold on Lake Champlain when largest consisted of three Schooners, two Sloops, three Galleys and eight Bateaux, carrying in all 70 guns. With this he had a tierce encounter with the British in considerably lar- ger force, under Valcour Island a little above Plattsburgh. f By the order of Schuyler the bridges south of this place had all been torn up and forest trees felled across the route the whole distance to Fort Ann to impede the enemy's progre^^s. Jit is said that to effect their object they shot four horses from under him, but mounting a fifth he made his escape, though the horse that bore him off soon died of his wounds. and their adherents in this quarter. A detachment ot" Uie Auioricali forces was stationed at the liead of Lake George whose scouts kef)t a regular watch over this place, but I am not aware that it was the scene of any important incident from this period to the close of the war. Skeene Was obliged to return to England and his house was burnt, it is said, by his own direction to prevent its passing into the hands of the disloyal and rebellious Americans.* His lands were confiscated and sold by the State. The purchasers were John Williams of Salem, in this county, Joseph Stringham and John Murray. The two latter subsequently transferred their title ta Gen. Williams, — Mr. Stringham in 1802, and Mr. Murray in 1803. In 1788 the town of Whitehall was organized in the county that four years betbre had received the name of the immortal leader of our revo- lutionary struggle. There is one resident of our village who has been here since 1790. f He thinks the mimber of houses at that time did not exceed 8 — four having been added in the thirteen years preceding. In 1812 this place again became the scene of military operations. The block house within the lines of the old fort was furnished with artillery and garrisoned for the defence of the place, and barracks were erected on the brow of the hill west of church street, portions of which are still standing. After the battle of Plattsburgh, September 11, 1814, the naval armament of the lake, with the vessels captured from the british in that engagement were anchored in our harbor. It Avas at that period the entrenchments and magazine were constructed, the remains of which are still seen on the island a few hundred yards north of the vil- lage.:}: The remains of both fleets which thundered defiance and launched destruction at each other with such fury off Cumberland head now repose quietly together and mingle their decaying fragments in the lake a short distance below. The growth of the village for several years appears to have been in- considerable. In 1816 the building now occupied by T. Vaughn was erected with a brick front. || There was not at that time a brick build- ing in the place. In 1818 there were two. The first Steamboat on the lake was launched in 1809. The canal was completed through to * Would it be very unreasonable to suppose it was done by Americans in commemoration of the service it had rendered their foes ? fGideon Taft, Esq. jNear Cook's Steam Mill. ||By Capt. Arch'd Smith. I'oit i'l(l\V;iiil in iIk' :intmi''i (if I'^l!) and Weill into o|(eia(i(»ii tlu- l(illrial labors in the Spring of 1832, and was dismissed in February 1837, ijut continued to supply the pulpit till the first of May following. Under his labors there were received into the Church by profession 32, by letter 32 — total 64. During the same period there were removed hy dealh 15, by dismission 47, by suspension 2 — " total 64; leaving 146, the same number with which his ministry com- menced. I return now to some other statistics connected w^ith the early history of the congregation. We have a record of four infant baptisms administered by Mr Robinson in 1821, and of 13 adminis- tered by Mr. Coe while he was Pastor of the Church. The record of Mr. Kennedy on this point is doubtless defective, as it embraces but six names — all of one date. 25 received infant baptism at the hands of Mr. Fleming. Of maniage ceremonies we have a record of three performed by Mr. Coe — of 54 by Mr. Kennedy, and of 44 by Mr, Fleming. We come now to a period in the annals of the Church of so recent date that it can have little historical interest. The present Pastor, in frail health and without experience, commenced his ministerial labors in this pulpit on the last Sabbath in June 1837, and was ordained to the Pastoral oflice the following November. The affectionate consideration with which he was received — the subsequent 11 » favors which have made him so deep a debtor, and the general harmo- ny which has characterized the ten years of his ministry now closed, ■bear witness to the forljearance, the indulgence, and the l\ind Christian principle of the Church and congregation. These are gra'ttlu! thoughts that it would be pleasing to indulge, but we must return to our statisti- cal abstract. Within the time now under review there have been re- •ceived into the Church by profession 162, hy letter 90 — total 252. Du- ring the same period there have been removed by death 37, by dismis- sion 53, by suspe-nsion 6 — total 96. I will now add a brief summary. It will be 28 years on the 18th of September next since the Church was organized. The whole num- ber of members received from the beginning is 499. As nearly as •can now be ascertained* the whole number of members that have died since the organization of the Church is 68. There have been dismissed 115, and suspended 9 — total 192. This number deducted from the total of admissions would leave our present membership 307. But be- sides those thus removed a few individuals at difierent periods have left and united with other Churches without a regular dismission, and a number have removed from the place without letters and have not •been heard from for the last ten years. Both these classes we have ceased to reckon as members, so that we now report but 273, and of these, 27 do not now reside in the place. f So that the actual number of resident members is reduced to 246, l)eing less than one half of the whole number received from the beginning, and less by six than have been received within the last ten years. The largest accession in any one year was in 1838 when 85 were received. The average number added for the ten years past is about 25 for each year — the average of deaths nearly four, uf dismissions over 5, which, with suspensions, make the average removals about ten each year. We record during the same period 95 inl'ant baptisms and 93 mar- riages, making a total, of which we have a record since the organiza- tion of the Church, 143 infant baptisms and 194 marriages. :}: W^e now glance at the other religious societies in this village. Of these the oldest is the Methodist, a class of whom was first gathered in 1821 or 1822. It consisted of 1 male and 4 female members, and from * In some of our early minutes there is no separate record of deaths and dis-. missions. t Some of these have changed their residence temporarily, others permanently. I * >f the marriages recorded a large number of course are without the limits of our own cojiaresjation. 12 the time of its formation they were regularly visited by circuit preach- ers. Their Church was erected in 1832, since which time a preacher has been stationed in the place. Their present menibeiship is but little short of 100. The Episcopalians first held regular service here in 1834. The Church they now occupy was buih in 1843. Their present number of communicants is about 50. They have had preach- ing with little intermission for the past 13 years. They first erected a Church in 1837, but it subsequently passed out of their hands, and in January 1847 was purchased by the Baptists. This last named soci- ety was organized in 1840, but has enjoyed little regular preaching till within the last year. Their present membership is 22, and their pros- pects are deemed encoui aging. The place has received either occasional or periodical visits from Romish priests for many years. These have become more frequent and regular as their adherents have increased. Their Church was erect- ed in 1841. Their present membership I am not able to state.* The total membership of the Churches in the village, exclusive of the Romanists, is not far from 415, probably not quite one sixth of the entire population. This brief and imperfect sketch may well suggest a few reflections. 1st. The providence of God seems evidently to be elaborating some grand design of which our country is to be the theatre. This is illustrated in the history of our own place. But little more than a century since, the rude tenant of the primeval forest shot forth his light canoe on our waters, and our valleys and mountain sides echoed with the twang of his bowstring. Some now among us, in their chilohood, have picked up the beads and trinkets which he left as the only mementos behind him. The name by which the aborigines called the junction of our stream and lake indicates the most important use of which they deemed these waters capable. That name was Kah-cho-quah-na and signifies a fishing ground. f Now that stream is driving its:]: mills, * For several of the above stat3mentsl am indebted to the different clergy- men of the place, each of whom kindly furnished some statistics of their re- spective Churches. I made enquiry of the Catholic Priest but he declined giv- ing any information. I should judge they niiglit liave from 200 to 300 members. f Literally, the place where dip fish. I There is now a large Foundry and Machine shop — a Flouring and Plaster Mill — a Saw Mil! — a Carpet Factory — an establishment for turning Axe Helves, Carriage Spokes, &c. — a Pencil Factory, and 2 or 3 Lathes — the ma- chinery of all whicii is driven by water taken from the creek in a single flume. We have also two Steam Mills with one of which is connected a Sash Factory, 13 foundry and nianufactorics, and that lake is agitated by the rushitjg to and fro of Steainlwats, and its bosom p; essed with the burden of accumulating commerce* giviiijf employment to a growing population, while adjacent hill sides feed their Hocks and herds, and the valleys wave with agricul- tural products. This is but a miniature of what is transpiring on a scale of unparalleled grandeur throughout this vast country. Whither these mighty movements tend it is not ours fully to Ibresee, but we are bound to mark their progress and note the " signs of the times." How else shall we be fitted to fullil our high destiny? No considerate man can pause at the point we now occupy and look backward a single century, and then gaze on t'le foreshadowed future, without feeling that God has laid on the men of this generation, especially in this land, responsibil- ities of no ordinary weight. The enginery of Divine Providence is working with unprecedented rapidity and power, and every living man is loudly called upon to take a stand and exert an influence for the good of his race. The destiny of generations to come is in a measure placed in the hands of those now living. Let us seek for grace and faith to meet our responsibilities and discharge our duties in a manner comporting with the age and the country in which we live. 2d. This narrative illustrates the connexion between prosperity and the support of gospel institutions. Vice is a great waster, and the in- dividual who plunges into it is almost sure to fail of success in Avorldly pursuits. This is not less true of communities, and as the Bible and its institutions are the great bulwarks of virtue, they neces- sarily tend to promote public order and prosperity, and besides this, the blessing of Heaven is indespensable to success, even in the common business of lite, and that blessing cannot be expected when the precepts of religion are neglected or despised. We accordingly find ia the his- tory of oui own place a marked synchronism and correspondence in the establishment and progress of Christian churches and the growth and prosperity of the village. The same fact is illustrated in thousands of other places in our country. Those therefore who intelligently seek the public welfare and the advance of general prosperity will not neglect the house of worship or withhold support from the institutions of the gospel. 3d. We cannot fail to see in this sketch much to awaken our grati- tude. To what ever point we look in our past history we should see * There are in all 9 Steamboats now running on the lake and two others have been recently Uunched. The number of sail vessels, that regularly visit our harbor is 29. The whole number of boats on the Canal North of the Glen's Fails feeder is 450. 14 *hc hand of God shaping ovents. In privilpges and blessings the present contrasts strongly with the past. We sit down in perfect quie- tude and safety without the remotest apprehension of alarm from an invading foe. We can have no just conception of the hardships and fears and sufferings of our early settlers. For about 1 9 years of the 39 that closed with 1783, this was the border ground of nations engaged in viororous and destructive wars.* It passed successively into the hands of the French, English and Americans, changing masters not less than six times in that period, and was constantly exposed to the deprada- tions of scouts, savage and civilized, but both barbarous. At a later period this very Church was occupied as quarters by an armed soldiery gathered for the work of slaughter. f Theee scenes of alarm and horror have long passed away and we here quietly worship the Prince of Peace with none to molest or make us afraid. Does not this fact call iupon us for gratitude ? Again we may well feel grateful for the im- proved health of the place. It is said that the mortality of troops stationed here during the war of the revolution was proverbially fearful. The bones of those who then perished, not in conflict, but by disease, have been repeatedly thrown up in making excavations in the north "western portion of the village. :j: * " In 1744 war was declared between France and England and great prcpar- ■ations were made on both sides to carry it on with vigor. A similar spirit prevailed in their respective colonies in America. The country Nortli of Alba- aiy was kept in a continual state of alarm by Indian Warriors, who ranged in small parties marking their course by contlao ration and indiscriminate slauohter. in April 1748 preliminaries of peace were signed at Aux-la-Chapelle and hos- tilities soon after ceased. In 1753 the English and French extended their .settlements in *he colonies and each were anxious to secure the most chgible situations for trading houses and forts. Mutual complaints of aggression were socki followed by open acts of hostility. In 1755 an expedition was planned against C'roini Point. In 1756 iXiagara and Crown Point were the principal points of attack. In 1757 Fort William Henry on Lake George ■surrendered to the French. In 1758 Abercrombie with 15.000 men attacked Ticondernga. Aft^r a contest of four hours he was comjjelied to return with the loss of nearly 200J in killed and wounded. In 1759 Gen. Amherst took Ticondernga and proceeded to Crown Point. In 1760 the French made a fruitless attempt to recover Quebec." [See Historical Collections of Ntw York.] The first aggressive movement of the Americans in 1775 was made on this place and Ticonderoga 5 or 6 weeks before the battle of Bunker Hill, and peace was proclaimed in 17S3. t Militia drafts and volunteers collected to resist Provost when he was moving on Plattsburgh in 1814. J The reputation ot the place was so bad at the close of the war, as I have ^een told, that when the lands of Skeene were ottered in the market no com- petitor would appear to bid and the whole 29,000 acres were struck off at the iirst offer of j£l4 10s. to an agent of the purchasers. 15 Even after the place l)egan to assume sonic corninerciul importance its jrrowth was much impeded by the unhealthfuhiess of the location : but I think for the past ten years the mortality in the place has been less than the avera'jfe tlirou:5hout the country. A fact or two already sta'ed may illustrate these remarks. During the first 4 years of the existence of the Church, Avith an average membership of 38, there were six deaths, being equal to one in 27 each year. During the five years of Mr. Fleming's ministry, with an average membershij) of 134, there were 15 deaths, being equal to one in 45 each year. For the last 10 years with an average membership of 250 there have been 37 deaths, be- ing equal to one in 69 each year. The relative decrease of mortality in the Church has certainly been very great and makes a distinct call upon us tor gratitude. If the diminution of deaths in the village has been at all in the same relative proportion, and I think it has, we certainly have strong reason to be grateful for the improved health of the place for the past ten years at least.* But of all themes for grateful remembrance in this review none lay so strong a claim upon us as the rapid growth of moral and religious influence. f I have no time now, if I had ability, to sketch the feeble- ness, and trembling and many discouragements of those little bands that less than 30 years since ventured to rear their public altar for the service of the living God. How appropriately may they now set up their " Ebenezer, saying, hitherto hath the Lord helped us." The little one has become comparatively strong. The grain of mustard seed planted in a forbidding soil, has begun to assume the vigor and strength of a tree. But mere emotions of gratitude do not cancel the debt God's mercy lays us under. We should never forget that obligations keep pace with privileges, that we have gilded on the armor and not put it off, and that "there remaineth yet very much land to be possessed;" that we are called upon to he diligent, to be strong, to quit ourselves like men in the conflict against sin. if we would win the immortal prize and wear the vfctor's crown at the coming of the Lord Jesus. * Since 1834 there has not been what would be properly termed a prevailing and falal disease in tlr^ place. It would bn by no means extraordinary if after so long an interval " The Angel of Death" should again be allowed to " spread his wiiig on the blast." Of the future, it is well that we cannot speak confi- dently. t A Clergyman who preached in the east part of this town, I think as early as 1806 or 1807, once told me that he always dreaded to go down to "the land- ing," (t!na th3 connon t^r.n of d3signition for this place.) for he seldom parsed through the street without being assailed with jeers and insult. 1 have 16 Stallslical Table of the riiiirch from Sep?. 1819 to June 1847. > D?fe. Additions by Reiii5v;.ls by Tot]! in iDi-'nl l^esidfit Meml-Pis I'TOlea*!). Letter. D'tli. Ois'ii. Susj,'.., 1819 2 2 18 No Pastor. 1820 1 2 . it 1821 2 (( 1822 10 6 T. R. Coe.* 1823 11 3 (( 1824 ■ 7 3 J. Kennedy 1825 3 5 u 1826 14 3 n 1827 1 3 it 1828 1 u 1829 1 3 (( 1830 20 6 (( 1831 55 5 it Apr. 1,1832 146 123 A. Fleming " 1833 1 4 3 15 133 2 114 .( " 1834 8 3 4 14 1 125 3 100 (( " 1835 7 5 7 1 119 6 101 (( " 1836 21 9 1 2 146 5 123 a « 1837 2 9 2 9 146 L. Kellogg. " 1838 13 4 151 9 (( " 1839 72 13 4 3 229 3 (( . " 1840 40 6 4 5 266 5 (( Oct. 1,1841 24 3 5 9 1 273 11 224 i( " 1842 1 9 7 5 1 270 22 (( " 1843 22 2 8 2 284 4 (( " 1844 21 6 2 277 11 254 i( " 1845 3 9 6 7 1 275 10 (( Apr. 1,1846 2 3 3 270 6 (( " 1847 4 1 4 269 14 246 " passed the same street almost daily for 10 years and have uniformly been treated with a deference, to which as -a man I had no claim — a deference bestowed for the same reason that once called forth jibes and sneers — namely, that I was a tninister of the gospel. » * I have placed the names of the successive Pastors opposite the year within «sfeidi.they were settled. ^ n/^^ y< x=;>^a A SKETCH HISTORY OF WHITEHALL CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS. A DISCOURSE > •■ :- DELIVERED ON THE 27tu OF JUNE, 1847. By Rev. liCwis Kellogg. Being 1"he tenth anniversary of his ministry in the place. a WHITEHALL : S. IJ. FAIRMAN, PRINTER, CHRONICLE OFFICE. 1847. -■'-^^ ^t. 6WJ.'-s- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 205 881 9 I jlifilii;: • r _ w ™ :[^^^^Hiii!()>^ Ir;