556 5 J6 py 1 TREASURY DEPARTMENT UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE HUGH S. GUMMING, Surgeon General THE GROWTH-PROMOTING PROPERTIES OF MILK AND DRIED-MILK PREPARATIONS BY J. M. JOHNSON chemist Division of Pharmacology , Hygienic Laboratory United States Public Health Service REPRINT No. 690 FROM THE PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS August 26, 1921 (Pages 2044-2057) 2. 1 « ? So ^ 5^ ^' WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1921 Ij Monograph ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 5 CENTS PER COPY LIBRARY OF CONGRESS OCT 281921 THE GROWTH-PROMOTING PROPERTIES OF MILK AND DRIED-MILK PREPARATIONS. ^ By J. M. Johnson, Cl)emist, Division of Pharmacology, Hygienic Laboratory, United States Public Health Service. Numerous investigators have studied the effect of milk upon growth. Janet Lane-Claypon ^ found practically no difference between boiled and raw milk when fed with bread to growing albino rats. F. G. Hopkins ^ observed that when rats are fed upon a well- balanced diet of purified foodstuffs, furnishing all the necessary elements except the growth-promoting accessories, which, as shown by control experiments, did not permit normal growth, the addi- tion of very small amounts of fresh milk, from 1 to 3 or 4 per cent of the total solids of the food, gave immediate and good growth. Osborne and Mendel,* however, found that in feeding fresh milk to rats as the sole source of water-soluble vitamine, at least 16 c. c. daily were required to give normal growth, and sometimes even that amount failed. G. Winfield ' found that 87 infants fed upon dried whole milk, compared with infants fed upon the breast, did not grow as well as the latter at first, but later made approximately normal or even better growth. Experiments upon 40 rats fed upon dried whole milk only, showed that normal health was maintained for a period of 16 months or more, but growth fell below normal when one-half to two-thirds of adult weight was reached. Osborne and Mendel ' found that it was necessary to use at least 24 per cent dried whole milk in making up a food mixture which would give normal growth to rats. The object in the experiments carried out by the author of this paper was to compare raw and pasteurized cow's milk with that obtained by addition of the required amount of water and butter fat to skim milk powder, so-called "reconstructed" milk. This milk has come into use in certain places where there is a scarcity of dairy herds. Under normal conditions it can not be produced more economically than fresh milk; but where transportation for great distances enters into the equation, because of the fact that 87 per cent water must be carried with fresh milk, it pays to consider "reconstructed" milk. Therefore, the question comes up wh^her 1 Reprint from the Pubiic Health Reports, vol. 36, No. 34, Aug. 26, 1921, pp. 2044-2057. 2Jour. Hyg. (1909J, IX, 233. sjour. Physiol. (1912), XLIV, 42.5. §§g 2 X Q MILK AND DRIED-MILK PREFARATIONS. 18 O O o o o o o o »0 lO ^ lO « N iM IN a 03 03 14 MILK AND DRIED-MILK PREPARATIONS. p. P N (U - — (-1 ^-^ o o o o o o o o t'J ^ ; _ _ ,_,■ c« rt C3 ;;^ » n1 » ^ ^' J-' ^ SI b a a a a Cl m C3 fe tus Go DC 5 o o o tl o y > HH X ><■ X Kl > k^ MILK AND DRIED-MILK PREPARATIONS. 15 16 MILK AND DRIED-MILK PREPARATIONS. say, the process of drying skim milk by the spray process does not injure the water-soluble vitamine. 2. In feeding albino rats a basal mixture of purified foodstuffs plus milk of any kind, it is necessary to give at least 2^ parts of milk to 1 part of the basal mixture in order to promote normal growth. This is confirmatory of Osborne and Mendel, who found that 16 c. c. of fresh milk daily is required by a growing albino rat. Chart 9.— Showing good growth of albino rats on a diet composed of dry basal mixture and dry skim milk powder. This gave about 24 per cent of milt powder. Diet: XXIII. 100 grams basal, 31.2 grams spray process skim milk powder, fed dry. Y, Birth of young. 3. An excessive amount of liquid milk furnished to albino rats gives subnormal growth after a time, because of the large amount of liquid in proportion to the solids in such a diet. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The author takes this opportunity of expressing his thanks to Dr. Carl Voegtlin, Chief of the Division of Pharmacology, under whose direction this work was carried out, and who aided in many ways during its progress. Thanks are also due to Mr. J. W. Thompson, who rendered material assistance in the work. o LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 420 117 6 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS illli' 014 420 117 6