F 144 .N6 U7 Copy 1 Newark 4 l The Story of its Early Days The Free Public Library of Newark, N. J. t904 a o (3 O IS ^ • '^ vS c «> o .« ■no j2 J<1 Wl ri O a. Newark The Story of its Early Days By Frank J* Urqohart Written and Published for The Free Public Library of Newark, New Jersey J904 BAKER PRINTING CO., NEWARK, N. J. JUL 20 1904 D.ofD. f • • • •;•.••••■•.;•. •• • • k PREFACE. In the library are many books which tell about New Jersey; about the Indians who once lived in it; about its history, geology, geography, climate, fauna and flora; its resources, mines, agriculture, manufactures, commerce, canals and railways. In a few of these there are brief references to Newark and its history. There are also in the library a few books and pamphlets given up wholly to Newark past and present. There are also many reports which deal with Newark affairs, like those about schools public and private, parks, streets, water- works, police, firemen, hospitals, street-cleaning and paving; and about churches, societies, railways, banks, clubs, libraries, and societies of many kinds. But among all these there is no brief, interesting story of the founding of Newark and its early years. We a.sked Mr. Urquhart to write for us such a story; and it will be found on the succeeding pages. We hope it will lead at least a few readers to take a greater interest than before in the Newark of to-day; to read more about it in the books in the library and to take a greater interest also in the work, which is always going on and is never finished, of making our city prosperous and attractive and a pleasant place in which to live. JOHN COTTON DANA. The Free Public Library, May. 1904- Nqtp _'|iiere is a large and very interesting collection of books, pamphlets, manuscripts and pictures relating to Newark, in the Library of the New Jersey His- torical Society, on West Park street. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Sketch of one of the Early Settlers of Newark after the monument in Fairmount Cemetery. . .Cover Map of Newark in its early days . . .Facing- title page Preface , 5 Newark : The story of its early days 9 Leading events in the history of Newark 21 Interesting historic spots in Newark 25 Books on Newark in the Public Library 27 NEWARK; THE STORY OF ITS EARLY DAYS. Newark is about two hundred and forty years old. In the year 1916 it will celebrate the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of its birth. The people who founded it came from four different towns in Connecti- cut. They were English folk, almost all of them. The leader was Robert Treat, and he should have a monu- ment erected to his memory. He was a remarkable man. an organizer, and the guiding force of the little colony that was to grow into Newark. Treat came to Eiizabcthtown in 1665, a few months after it was founded. He saw Governor Carteret, who had come from England to take charge of all of northern New Jersey. The Governor was anxious to get settlers. There were no settlements in the northern part of what is now New Jersey, except the recently founded Eliza- bcthtown and a little group of Dutchmen on Bergen Point, or Bergcn-neck as they called it then. Philadel- phia was but a village ; Trenton was not founded until fourteen years after our city; New Brunswick not until sixteen years after. New York, which had but a year before changed its name from New Amsterdam, was not as large as Belleville is to-day. The children who were born among the Pilgrim Fathers at Plymouth, Massa- chusetts, soon after their coming in 1620, — those who had survived the hardships of those very memorable early days, — were just in the prime of life. Nearly all New Jersey was a wilderness in 1665. From Elizabethtown and Bergen-neck to the Delaware, there were no roads for white men, nothing except narrow NEWARK IN ITS EARLY DAYS. Indian paths, and the trails of deer, bears and wolves, to the springs where animals gathered to drink. After a conference with Governor Carteret, Treat re- turned to Connecticut and in the following spring the settlers came. The land they chose included a large part of what is now Essex County, and for it they gave goods which were worth about $750. Just think what this means ! To-day you would find it hard to buy a piece of ground anywhere on Broad street, with only twenty-five feet fronting on the street and extending back fifty or one hundred feet, for twice the sum the settlers paid the Indians for the whole town when they landed. This fifteen hundred dollars that you would pay for the lot would be for the ground only, and not for the building that might stand on it. In the centre of the city you would have to pay very much more for such a lot. Early in 1904 a lot on one of the corners of Broad street not far from Market, was sold. This lot is thirty-eight feet wide on Broad street and about one hundred feet wide on Bank street. It was sold for $400,000. Put these figures on a piece of paper over the figures representing what the Indians got for the whole town and you may better realize how wonderfully New- ark has grown. The settlers did not give money, but goods. Here is a list of the articles which the Indian Perro and his family, who claimed to own the land, received for it : "Fifty double hands of powder, one hundred bars of lead, twenty axes, twenty coats, ten guns, twenty pistols, ten kettles, ten swords, four blankets, four barrels of beer, ten pairs of breeches, fifty knives, twenty hoes, eight hundred fifty fathoms of wampum, two ankers of liquors and three troopers' coats." This payment was not made until after the settlers had been here over a year, as many of the families that had 10 NEWARK IN ITS EARLY DAYS. agreed to come did not arrive from Connecticut until about that time. When the first settlers landed a bill of sale, including the price to be given, was agreed on, but apparently nothing was paid to the Indians then. There seems to have been an understanding on the part of the settlers that Governor Carteret was to pay the Indians for the land Newark was to be built on ; but he does not appear to have done so. All they got, probably, was the strange collection of things mentioned above, which, if turned into money, would to-day buy very little land anywhere in our city. Later, additional tracts were purchased from the In- dians. One ran from the western boundary of the first tract to the foot of the Watchung mountains, as the Orai^.ge Mountains were then called. This was owned by two Indians named Winnocksop and Shenoctos, and they were content to part with it for "two guns, three coats and thirteen kans of Rum," to quote the bill of sale. In all the company there were money and goods to the value of about $64,000, an average for each of the thirty families of about $2,000. They profited by the sad ex- periences of the Plymouth pioneers of over forty years before, who suffered much because they settled in a new country with too little money, food and clothing. The Newark settlers made sure that there was to be no "starving time" in their New Jersey town. The center of the settlement was near what is now the junction of Market and Broad streets. It must have been a pretty village, after the first year or two, when vines and creepers grew over the log houses and the roughness of the clearing began to disappear. There was a dense pine forest to the northeast of New- ark on the Ilackensack Meadows, and there were thick woods in other places near by, but some of the earlier II NEWARK IN ITS EARLY DAYS. Newark historians say that the little town was not by any means closely shut in by the forests. Many small waterways ran hither and thither about the village. A streamlet splashed its way down what is now Market street from a pond near the southeast corner of Market and Halsey streets. This stream fed a second and smaller pond below, just back of the southwest corner of Market and Broad streets. Traces of these old ponds were found only a few years ago when excavations were made for some of the taller buildings on the south side of Market street between Broad and Halsey. This stream wound its way down into the marshes a little below where the Market street station of the Pennsylvania railroad is now. Out of the marshes near where the railroad now runs arose a long bluff which faced the river and followed its curves all the way up to what is now Belleville. Most of this bluff was leveled away as streets were ex- tended and buildings rose. But traces of it are still to be seen, at the Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, for instance. Immediately below the bluff and between it and the river was a stretch of marsh. There were many little streams along the hillside west of the village. One ran down into the Passaic near the line of Eighth avenue. Others found their way to the marshes south of Market street. It is thought that one ran exactly where the New City Hall now stands. The woods about the little village of long ago abounded in chestnut, hickory, elm, birch, black and white ash, tulip, sycamore, oak and the bitter and sweet gum. The oak the settlers used largely for the frames of their houses, when the day of log huts was over. Many trees were split for fence-rails ; many were cut down and burned to clear the land for planting. The bitter gum was used for floors. 12 NEWARK IX US EARLY DAYS. As it grows old the guin tree decays in the centre, and the settlers used to fell old trees, cut them into suitable lengths, clean away the rotten part in the middle and use them for drain pipes and well curbs. Drain pipes were very much in demand, for the marshes pressed pretty close upon the town. While they were busy with their own houses the people were also planning their church, and as soon as possible built it, on Broad street, just where the fire engine houses now stand, nearly opposite the present First Presbyterian church. They built it with a cupola large enough for one or two men to stand in, with their loaded guns, during the service, to watch for hostile Indians. There were also flankers at two of the diagonally oppo- site corners. These flankers were little towers, and a man on watch in one of them could look along two sides of the building, so that from the two flankers all four sides could be watched. Every Sunday one-fourth of all the men carried their guns to church, and from these were chosen, each week, one to watch from the church cupola and two others to "ward" as they called it, standing in the flankers. There were also ways of protecting the town during the night. Every night three men, chosen by one of the sergeants, gathered at some house, one standing watch outside while the others slept inside. They relieved each other through the night and a little before day- break all three went out and walked about the town to see that all was well. Half an hour after daybreak they beat drums to lot the village know that another night had passed safely. Their drum beat was also to tell the settlers it was time to get up. It was not long after the village was started before one of the first comers died, and was laid to rest behind the little church. Thus was started the Old Burying 13 NEWARK IN ITS EARLY DAYS. Ground, used for over 200 years. The bones of the early settlers were removed from it less than twenty years ago and placed in a large vault in Fairmount Cemetery. Over the vault rises a monument on which are inscrip- tions telling of the men and women whose remains lie beneath. The cut on the cover of this book is from the statue of the puritan pioneer which stands on top of this monument. To the settlers of our city the church was the most precious thing they had. All the people went to it. In fact, for a few years they did not let people come to live among them unless they not only were willing to go to church, but liked to go, and to the kind of church the settlers believed in. This, of course meant that the min- ister of the church was one of the leading men. He was not the ruler of the village, for it had no rulers, although the people often gave a few men great power. Still, the ministers of the church had much to do with making our town. The first minister named it. Before the settlers came from Connecticut they ap- pointed a committee to make all arrangements for the change. The head man in the committee was Robert Treat, and as he really led them from their homes to the wilderness which has now become our great city, they called him the Captain. For a little time after the settlers reached here this same committee, which had charge of things in Connecticut, directed affairs in the new town. But it was not long before all the men in the town were called together to consider the town's business. This gathering was a town meeting, and from that time on for very many years it was the town meeting that ruled the town. At first all the grown men in the town could attend these meetings and vote on everything that was to be done. In a little while they decided that 14 NEWARK IX ITS EARLY DAYS. only those who owned land in the town should be al- lowed to vote. In less than a year after the settlement the town meet- ing began to choose officers to attend to the business of the town. One of the very first chosen was a collector, to gather the taxes. Next they chose a treasurer, then surveyors. Two magistrates were soon chosen, and one of them was Captain Treat. Every year they chose new men for these places or elected the old ones again, and at nearly every town meeting they found that new kinds of officers were needed. Three years after the settlement five selectmen were chosen to have general charge of town aflfairs. But it was a number of years before the town stopped having a captain and lieutenants and sergeants. They had the?e when they came, and very likely one reason why they did not like to give them up was because it was the custom for all new towns in America to have them, since there were often Indians to fight and some- times white men, too. There were a number of other things for military officers to do around the town, as we shall see later. But the Indians near Newark were most of the time peaceful and there was no fighting to do, nor was there much of the other work for which captains and other military officers were needed in other towns. So, after a time, they stopped choosing these officers and the magistrates, treasurers, collectors, select- men and the like, were the only ones they had. During the first few years when the settlers were not quite sure of the Indians, the town meeting, was called together by the beating of drums ; the lieutenants doing the drumming. Whenever the Indians seemed to be plotting trouble, the drums broke forth and the people hurried to the church. 15 NEWARK IN ITS EARLY DAYS. Close watch was kept on everything that went on in the town. It was an offense of no small magnitude to whisper or giggle in church, and if you repeated the offense your case would perhaps be taken up as part of the town business at the next town meeting. On certain days the able bodied men of the town had to give up their time to work for the common good, building roadways, clearing the countryside of brush and trees, laying drains and doing all the other things that must be done to make a new town in a wilderness attrac- tive and comfortable. The underbrush was often cleared by burning. A cer- tain tract was set off for the purpose; the men gathered at the rolling of the drums and went to this tract. There they applied the torch if the winds were favor- able, and watched to see that the fire did not shift and that the sparks Avere not carried to their houses. The laying of drains was carried on in this way, too ; that is, some of the men provided pipe sections, from the gum trees, while others laid them down. Thus many a little plot of ground that is now dry was trans- formed from a marsh or quagmire. On these days when the men assembled to work for the common good, one lieutenant took up his position at the lower end of the tow^n, on what is now Broad street, in the neighborhood of the present Hill and Green streets, while the other started from the neighborhood of Bridge street, or a little below. The lieutenants proceeded, beating their drums, toward the centre of the town, to where the little church stood, and the men followed after. Ten years after the settlers landed they had their town going nicely. They had a substantial church, an inn or tavern, a good grist mill, and a staunch boat which carried their produce to Elizabethtown and New York i6 NEWARK IX ITS EARLY DAYS. iind brought back their purchases. Broad street was fairly well laid out as far down as Clinton avenue and as far up as the neighborhood of Orange street. A few more faniiUes had come from Connecticut and the town was prosperous, in an humble way. It had passed through the early period of struggle without great hard- ships. The settlers loved their town, for it was peace- ful and they were contented in it. They kept it neat and clean and travellers often spoke of it as a very pretty village. The town was ten years old before the settlers were ready to establish a school, and during those first ten years children learned their letters at their mothers' knees, or did not learn them at all. John Catlin was the first schoolmaster, and only those children whose parents were able to pay for their schooling could attend his school. Free public schools as we know them did not come for nearly a century and a half. In very early days a market place was set up at the foot of what is now Washington Park. A stream ran down the hillside where the County Court House now stands, and a watering place was agreed on at the point where Springfield avenue and Market street meet. The first tannery was also started near here, on Market street, near the beginning of Springfield avenue. The social life was of a very limited character in those first years, when the church was still the chief thing in all men's minds. If anybody entertained young folks at his house after nine o'clock he was liable to a fine, except on special occasions, when permission must be had from one of the town officers. Boys and girls loved fun then as always and they gave their grave parents and grandparents so much trouble that the town actu- ally had to appoint a man to look after them and see that they behaved properly during the church service. 1/ NEWARK IN ITS EARLY DAYS. This meant that this man must not only see to it that they sat quietly during the long two-hour sermon, but must also be sure that they were all in church and not sailing toy boats on the river or fishing in the brooks. The town did not grow rapidly during the first half century. The marshes caused much malaria and settlers were not easily persuaded to come to a place which seemed not to be very healthful. About the time the tan yard was started, twenty-five years after the founding of the town, rich deposits of red sandstone were discovered, and worked for building stone, and these two industries helped the town very much. But in spite of these things the community re- mained small. At the beginning of the Revolution Newark had scarcely a thousand inhabitants. But by the first of the last century the town had become a snug and thrifty little place, quite closely settled from High street on the west to the marshes, where the Pennsylvania tracks now are, and the river, on the east ; and from Clay street and Eighth avenue on the north, to what is now the junction of High street and Clinton ave- nue on the south. The river was alive with shipping and vessels of deep draught often came up through the bay. Big whaling ships every now and then moored in the deep water in the river. In 1806 Newark really began to get a reputation as a busy and growing town. Then it made large quantities of cider which was sent to many other places in the country to be sold. It made good shoes, too ; so good that people in other towns bought and wore them. Its shoemakers were men who worked as farmers in the summer and came into town in the fall, when their crops were harvested, to earn money at their lasts. Others were just beginning to make wagons and carriages, and they made them so well that the demand for them stead- 18 NEWARK IN ITS EARLY DAYS. ily increased just as did the demand for the shoes. Newark also made coach lace even in that early day, and soon it was making harnesses and other things out of leather. It was a very busy and bustling town in 1837, when sud- denly a great financial crisis came. People were afraid to trust one another ; shops were shut down ; many were out of work; times were hard; many lost much of their money, and the poor were often close to starving. These hard times were felt all over the country. It took seven years for them to go away completely, and then, in 1843, prosperous and happy times came once more. The town now grew faster than ever. Hundreds of farmer boys came in from the little villages to work in the shops and learn trades. In 1840 Newark had over 17,000 people. Ten years later it had nearly 39,000 and two years after that, in i860, nearly 72,000. The town doubled twice in twenty years. But it has really taken nearly a hundred years to make our city the great home of factories and shops that it now is. In 1806, although it was 140 years old. it had only just begun to make things to sell, and was still little more than a village. It took a long time to make this city of Newark. The grim old settlers put their best energies into its begin- nings, and their descendants worked quite as hard to make it better still. All down the long line of Newark people, since 1666, there has been steady and willing toil year by year, generation after generation to build Newark up, stronger, better and fairer. Now it is in our hands ; those who have gone have left the city to us. Shall we not, as the others have done before us, take the best care of it we can? Shall we not try to make it each year a more agreeable place to live in, more beautiful to look at, a source of pride to all who 19 NEWARK IN ITS EARLY DAYS. grow up in it and share the good things — the fine streets, the parks, the trees, the schools, the pubHc buildings, the beautiful homes, — which men and women have worked hard for nearlj^ two hundred fifty years to give to it? 20 SOME OF THE LEADING EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF NEWARK, FROM J 664 TO J 872. 1664, March. Philip Carteret commissioned in England the Governor of New Jersey, which was part of the grant made by Charles of England to James, Duke of York and Albany. 1664, March.. **The concessions and agreement of the Lords Proprietors of Nova Caesarea or New Jersey, to and with all and every of the adventures and all such as shall settle and plant there" — made public. This constitution contains the "germ of those republican principles for which the State has ever been distin- guished." 1666, May 17? Milfordites landed at Newark. They were led from Milford. Conn., by Robert Treat, who is called the Founder of Newark. 1668, May 20. Meeting of commissioners of Newark and of Flizabethtown at "Divident Hill," to fix the boundary between settlements. 1676. First schoolmaster appointed — John Catlin — "to do his faithful, honest and true endeavor to teach * * * the reading and writing of English and also Areth- metick if they desire it; as much as they are capable to learn and he capable to teach them." 1680, June 30. Proceedings of the town meeting: "Agreed, that the town is willing Samuel Whitehead should come and inhabit among us, provided he will supply the town with shoes." ^733- Col. Ogden saved his wheat on Sunday, was publicly censured by the Presbyterian church, and as a result founded Trinity Episcopal church. 21 EVENTS IN NEWARK HISTORY. 1746, October 22. "College of New Jersey" incorporated at Elizabethtown. 1748, September. College re-established at Newark. 1756. College removed to Princeton. 1760. Quarrel of the four Newark parishes over the ownership of the "Parsonage Property." Battle of the Woodchoppers. 1765. Direct land route established between Newark and New York, the route now known as the plank road. 1774, Newark espouses the cause of Boston, and leads New Jersey in opposition to the Stamp act. 1775, March 10. Newark Academy founded. At a reg- ular meeting of the Committee of the Academy Decem- ber, 1794, it was "Resolved, that Rev. Mr. Ogden be empowered to sell the negro man James, given by Mr. Watts as a donation to the Academy for as much money as he will sell for." 1776, November 28. Washington left Newark. Corn- wallis moved in, remained until December i, and then followed Washington, leaving a guard in Newark. 1780, June 2:^. Battle of Springfield. In those days Springfield had not been set off from Newark and Elizabethtown, 1796. "Centinel of Freedom" established. It de- nounced slavery. New Jersey being a slave State. 1813. First movement by the town to establish free or public schools for children of the poor. 1820. Slavery abolished in New Jersey. It was intro- duced at the time of the settlement of the Province. 1832. Morris Canal completed, furnishing the town with "direct and easy communication with the Delaware at Easton and the Lehigh Coal Mines at Mauch Chunk." 1832, March i. The first number of the Newark Daily Advertiser was issued. 22 EVENTS IN NEWARK HISTORY. 1834, September 15. New Jersey Railroad and Trans- portation Company opened their road between Newark and Jersey City. A steamboat and regular line of stages also carried passengers to and from New York. 1836. Present school system was established. 1836, April. Newark became a full-tledged city, of 20,000 population and proceeded to light its streets for the first time. Oil lamps were used. 1846, December 26. Newark Gas Light Co. commenced the manufacture of gas, and the city streets were lighted with it. 1848-9. Many German political fugitives, following the collapse of the Revolution of the Grand Duchy of Baden, found homes in Newark. 1852, July 26. The work of laying stone pavements commenced on Market street. Broad street was paved a year later. 1866. Clark Thread Works established. % 1872. First number of the Sunday Call was issued. 1872. Newark Industrial Exhibition. Open for 52 days ; visited by 130.000 persons. 1883. First number of the Evening Nezvs was issued. 23 INTERESTING HISTORIC SPOTS IN NEWARK. Academy, Site of. Washington Square. Burnt by the British, January 25, 1780. Ailing house, Site of. Broad, below Fair. Chateau- briand and Talleyrand both spent some time here. Aquackanonck. Here Washington and his retreating army crossed the Passaic and entered Newark, Novem- ber 22, 1776. Boudinot house. Site of. Park place and Park street. Lafayette entertained here, September 23, 1824. Burr homestead, Site of. Broad, just below William. Burying ground. Broad, below Market. First settlers buried here. "Cedars," River road. Home of Henry William Her- bert. "Frank Forrester." Cockloft Hall. Mt. Pleasant avenue. Built by the Gouverneur family and occupied by Gouverneur Kemble. The resort of Irving, Paulding and other literary per- sons. "Divident Hill," boundary of Newark and Elizabeth. Eagle Tavern, near the site of the present City Hall, spoken of generally as Washington's headquarters. Early settlers, Monument to. In Fairmount Cemetery. All the bones removed from the old Burying Ground arc interred under this. First church of Newark, stood on the spot on the west side of Broad, near the engine house and opposite the present structure. Newark's Fanueil Hall. First Presbyterian church (present structure), opened for public worship, January i, 1791. Kearny house. Belleville avenue, above Fourth. HISTORIC SPOTS IN NEWARK. Market place, 3 acres, established October, 1676. Nov\r Washington Park. Park House, Site of. Corner Park place and Canal. Hotel. Henry Clay spoke from the steps, November 20, 1833. Plume homestead. Corner Broad and State. Was occu- pied by the Plume family in 1712. Springfield, Battle of. Took place where Springfield now is. Jersey forces under Dayton defeated Knyphau- sen. Theme of Bret Hartes' poem, "Caldwell of Spring- field." "Stone Bridge." Mill brook, site of the first corn mill. Training ground, 6 acres, established October, 1676. Now Military Park; see marble slab placed there in 1826. Treat, Robert, "the founder of Newark." First Pres- byterian church now occupies a portion of his "home lot." Trinity Church, corner stone laid 1809. The tower is from the first structure built in 1746 on the same spot. 26 BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS ON NEWARK IN THE PUBLIC LIBRARY. Those preceded by a star are in the Children's Room as well as in the main library. ♦Atkinson, Joseph. "History of Newark, New Jer- sey; being a narrative of its rise and progress, from the settlement in ]\Iay, 1666, by emigrants from Con- necticut, to the present time; including a sketch of the press of Newark from 1791 to 1878." The most complete history of the city to 1878. Based on the Town records and newspapers. This and Shaw's Essex and Hudson Counties are the best for the general reader. Doremus, Henry M. "Growth of Newark." 1903. An address delivered at the laying of the corner stone of the New City Hall. It sketches in an inter- esting way the settlement of the city and its growth. ♦Gordon, Thomas F. "Gazetteer of the State of New Jersey; comprehending a general view of its physical and moral condition, together with a topo- graphical and statistical account of its counties, towns, villages, canals, railroads, etc." 1834. Con- tains good description of Newark in 1834, with brief history of the city up to that date. Handbook and guide for the city of Newark, 1872; carefully compiled and edited from authentic sources. 1872. A good descriptive and historical account of the city. Hollister, George Buell & Leighton, Marshall Ora. "The Passaic flood of 1902." 1903. Part of U. S. Geological survey. 27 LIST OF BOOKS ON NEWARK. Lamb, Martha J. "Newark." In Harper's Maga- zine, 1876. Vol. 53, p. 660. The best magazine article on Newark in general that has ever appeared. Historical and descriptive. Leary, Peter J. "Newark, N. J., illustrated; a sou- venir of the city and its numerous industries, pre- senting in a compact form a brief historical sketch of the settlement, growth and future industrial and commercial importance of the city of Newark, and containing profuse illustrations of its great factories, beautiful residences, various points of interest, por- traits of prominent citizens, etc." 1893. A brief his- torical sketch of the settlement and growth of the city; dwells on its commercial importance. Issued with "the approval of the Board of Trade. Nelson, William. "Indians of New Jersey; their origin and development, manners and customs, lan- guage, religion and government, with notices of some Indian place names." 1894. The best single volume on this subject. x\ very careful study with critical examination of authorities. Newark — a city of manufactures. 1895. Board of Trade report for 1895. Pages 121-140 are devoted to statistics of Newark's manufactures. Newark and its points of interest. Anonymous. Good short historical sketch, followed by geographi- cal and miscellaneous descriptive matter. Forms part of "Leading business men," an advertising book, but good nevertheless. Newark, the metropolis of New Jersey, at the dawn of the twentieth century; the progress of one hun- dred years. 1901. 28 LIST OF BOOKS ON NEWARK. ♦Proceedings commemorative of the settlement of Newark, N. J., on its 200th anniversary, May 17, 1866. Also in New Jersey Historical Society Collec- tions, V. 6. In five sections — No. i is "Historical Memoir of Newark," by W. A. Whitehead. No. 4 is "Genealogical Notes of the First Settlers," by S. H. Congar. Records of the town of Newark, N. J.; from its settlement in 1666 to its incorporation as a city in 1836. 1864. Also in New Jersey Historical Society Collections, v. 6. Copy of the minute book of the town clerk. It is the basis of all history of the city before the time of newspapers. Shaw, William H., compiler. "History of Essex and Hudson Counties, New Jersey." Newark, Vol. i, ^' PP- 355-677. 1884. Based largely on Atkinson's His- tory of Newark; has special chapters on the fire de- partment, churches, societies, industries, education, etc. ♦Shriner, Charles A., compiler. "Birds of New Jer- sey." 1896. List of all the birds found in New Jersey, with descriptions and many illustrations. Stearns, Jonathan French. "Historical discourses relating to the First Presbyterian church in Newark; originally delivered to the congregation of that church during the month of January, 1851; with notes." T853. Four sermons delivered at anniver- sary of the founding of the First Presbyterian church, 1851. Gives a history of the church. As the church governed the town during the early years, these sermons are a review of Newark's early his- tory. 39 LIST OF BOOKS ON NEWARK. *Thov/less, Herbert L. Historical sketch of the city of Newark, N. J. 1903- Winser, Henry Jacob, editor and compiler. "Metrop- olis of New Jersey; Newark; her past growth and future development." 1896. Historical, geographi- cal, industrial and general description of the city, illustrated with twenty-eight half-tones. Wolfe, T. F. "Literary rambles at home and abroad." pp. 39-63. A New Jersey ramble, literary landmarks of Newark, etc. 1901. Short descriptions of homes of writers who have lived in Newark. A literary history of the city. *Longfellov/, H. W., ed. Poems of places, v. 27. 1876. Contains poems about Newark. *Platt, Charles D. Ballads of New Jersey in the Revolution. 1896. Contains poems about Newark. 30 MAY 20 1904 •*;;T.>v. LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS