V . ^^. .v^ . KJ" :m^'^ V.^^" ; 6^ vT y-.%.„<\.v-^-, %/'..; sS- ** •<'\ .^'''\. ' % \ "oV -n^o^ c ° ■ • . \ ' •I o - . . " o,V O o. "•' -^ *bV* ■^* .-'J,: •■••/'... v;-^\#' -v^'-*."' \.'-.i^-> V •■ •^^ :^ O .0 . » • ■ ' ■^^ ^ *'...' ^^ .^^ ^^ 4 O "0 1 ' ' * ' ■?■ \' *^'-' %.^^ .^^i^'« %" \/ •• ^:' %.^^ .V :v "-..^" 'i'o 4 O / . . ILLUSTRATBD OF THE FAMOUS VALLEY OF THE RED RIVER OF THE NORTH AND THE PARK REGIONS, IN'CLUDING THE MOST FERTILE AND WIDELY-KNOWN PORTIONS OF MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA. Containing Biographical Sketches of Hundreds of Prominent Old Settlers and Repre- sentative Citizens, with a Review of their Life Work; their Identity with the Growth and Development of these Famous Regions; Reminiscences of Personal History and Pioneer Life; and other Interesting and Valuable Matter which should be Preserved in History. Presidents of the United States. Embracing Biographical Sketches and a Full Page Portrait of Each. History of Minnesota, Embracing an Account of Early Explorations, Organization, a Review of the Political History, and a Concise History of the Indian Outbreak of 1862. ILLUSTRATED. •••• • ••■••,* •• • .*. .•• ;. ; .«. ;•. ••• , CHICAGO: A.LDEN, Ogle & Company. IS 89. Biography is the only true history T — Emerson. » »< • » « CorVKIGHT, 1889, ; Bv OCCIDENTAL PUBLISHING CO. Chicago, III. PRINTED AVD UOUND BV DONOHUE & HENNEBERRV, CHiCA<*Q, Presidents of the United States. PAGE. George Washington 9 .John Adams 14 Thomas Jefferson 20 James Madison 26 James Jlouroe 33 Jolin Quincj' Adams 38 Andrew Jackson 47 Martin Van Buren 52 VVni. Henry Harrison 56 Jolm Tyler 60 James K. Polk 64 Zacharv Tavlor 68 L"AGE. Millanl Fillmore 72 Franklin Pierce 70 James Buchanan 80 Abraham Lincoln si Andrew Johnson 93 U. S. Grant 96 Rutherford B. Hayes 102 James A. Garflcld 109 Chester A. Arthur 113 Grover Cleveland in Benjamin Harrison 120 History of Minnesota. CHAPTER I. Location, Topography, &c 123 Location 123 Resources 123 Topography 123 Railroads 124 Population Statistics 124 CHAPTER II. History from 1660 to 1888 125 Early Explorations 125 During the Seventeenth Century 126 During tlie Eighteenth Century 128 During tlie Nineteenth Century 129 Organization as a Territory 131 Organization as a State 131 Chronological Events 132 CHAPTER III. The Indian Mas.sacke 133 Indian Tribes I.33 Bloodshed 135 B.attles 138 Surrender of Indians 138 E.Keeulion of Thirty-eight Indians 139 CHAPTER IV. Tki!1iitoriai, and State Officers 140 CHAPTER V. Representation in Congress and Creation of Counties 143 Senators 143 Representatives 143 Creation of Counties 144 TABLE OF COX TENTS. Red River Valley and Park Regions. DESCRIPTIVE AND HISTORICAL INTRODUCTORY. PAGE. Topography : 149 General Remarks 149 Area 150 Soil and Surface Features 150 Climate 150 PAfJE. Resources and Fertility 1")0 Early Seltlenicnt mO Indian Outbreak 151 Advent of Railroads 152 Progress and Development 15;^ Biographical PAGE. Aanenson, Reinert 25C Aaker, Hon. L. K 796 Aberle, Christian 501 Abbott, Albert 586 A.'ker, Nels E 788 Adams, Orison T 275 Adams, Elmer 420 Adams, Andrew 751 Ainsworth, Walter C 708 Alstead, John II 187 Alderman, John 337 AlNm, Cyrus S 340 Allen, Hon. J. H 717 Almen, Rev. L. (1 576 Aldrin. Peler 590 Alley, William H 738 Anderson. Alexander... 254 Anderson, Andrew G 286 Anderson, Williiim J 671 Anderson, John S 710 Anderson, John II 736 Andrews, Charles R 793 ArnesOD, George 504 Armstrong, Edward A 546 Ashburner, James 041 Austin, Theodore D 549 Auslund, Swan 296 PAGE. Hates, William D 729 Baumbaeh, Hon. Fred 160 Basselt, Norman A 185 Bassetl, John 617 Barrows, William H 246 Barker, Henry W 268 Baxter, Hon. L. L 297 Ba.\ter, C. L 70S Bain, Robert 302 Barnes, O. J 353 Barns, Comfort 648 Barnard, James 11 370 Bailey, Walter D 469 Barrett, Norbert 488 B.irrett, J 785 Baer, William 538 Backer, Charles 555 Barry, George W 778 Bayrell, L. S 791 Belyea, Arthur C . 259 Bell, Dawson 389 Bell, Frank D 454 Beach, Timothy 459 Beaudetle, Joseph 474 Bergquist, John G 489 Bennett, Thomas J 534 Bennewitz, Hon. J. C 540 PAGE. Bennewil/, Thco. L 569 Berg, John A 559 Bergerson, William 590 Becker, William 599 Becker, John. 722 Belcourt, Dr. O. E 610 Beck, Ole J 647 Bird, George N 743 Billings, Daniel W 761 Bjorge, Chri.st 566 Blakemore, Robert B 602 Blanchard, James B 396 Blanding, Joseph W 416 Bly, Dr. T. H 540 Bowman, H. A. 741 Boerner, Albert 363 Borchers, Louis 525 Boyd, Dr. H. J 451 Boylan, James H 593 Bond, Charles H 657 Bottineau, Pierre 771 Bodine, P. P 793 Bronson, Dexter E 323 Bronson, W. N 244 Brewster, Loren L 270 Brewster, Joseph E 497 Brown, Charles A 281 TABLE. OF CONTENTS. PAGE. Brown, Henry T 284 Brown, Charles H 363 Brown, Benjamin F 370 Brown, Hon. C. L 799 Breuer, Charles M 284 Brennin, .John 313 Briggs, R. H 323 Brandenburg, Alonzo 435 Brockmeyer, Rev. A 454 Britis, E. M GIO Broker, A. J (iTH Brate, Peter 683 Brans, Henry A 703 Breneman, John 725 Briinelle, George 783 Broberg, Peter 518 Bray, Moyse 554 Burnham. Frank J 204 Burnhara, Fred W 458 Burkhardl. Rudolpli C 434 Biirkee, Burre E ,593 Butler, Stephen G 6 Budge. William 728 Bullard, Clarence E 749 Canfield, Thomas H 800 Cantield, JIannin F 553 Canestorp, Ole 221 Cahaley, Cottrell J 240 Cavallin. Rev. J. 379 Campbell, William W 411 Campbell, J. V 763 Catlin, B. D 439 Caswell, Nathan C 507 Cavileer, Cliarles 516 Carlisle, Aaron II 616 Calkins. W. W 788 Chidester, William E 173 Christenson, John 176 Christiansen, Judge CO 289 Childs, E. D 461 Chabot', Alberic 476 Clague, Pliilip H 285 Clark, Reuben 581 Clark, Joseph P 786 Clark, George H 712 Claydon, Frederic 668 Clapp, Hon. Moses E 784 Cleveland, Dr. W. P 734 Clement, C. C 329 Cook, George F 276 Cooke, Harvey E 371 Cowie, James F. 310 Corliss, Hon. E. E 315 Coulter George 354 PAGK. Coulter, Robert 385 Coulter, John 420 Coulter, Christopher L 736 Collins, Stanhope L 417 Colby, Joseph A 42.1 Coe, William L 426 Compton, Hon. James 513 Conklin, Charles H 547 Costain, John 585 Colyor, Charles IT 596 Cooper, George 042 Colehour, James A 673 Connelly, Edward 730 Comstock. Hon. S. G 157 Crowe, William H 205 Crowell, Alvin M 636 Dahlluim, Olaf .. 167 Davis, E. C 313 Davenport, Dr. L. C 288 Daley, Charles A 293 Daly, M. J .543 Dampier, Dr. E. C 356 Davidson, Samuel S 369 Davidson, Rev. I. F 725 Davison, L. Ed 571 Dawson, Rev. William 635 Dale, Hans J 660 Danielson, John A 723 Darrow, Dr. E. M 753 Darrow. Dr. D. C 793 De Camp, Horace 333 Deniars, Dr. Gustave .531 Deming, George L 558 Deacon, William G 785 Dickey, Rev. Thomas E 364 Dianard, Samuel M 667 Dow, Judge F 326 Douglas, Wallace B 344 Dodge, Mrs. Martha 506 Dower, Jolm 683 Dobell, George E 745 DulTy, Francis J 179 Dunlap, Marcus J 371 Dunlap, Thomas W 739 Dunlap, Dr. A. H 433 Duncan, Dr. W. T 3.50 Dunn, Mickel M 365 Dwyer, John S 260 Dwyer, Dennis 273 Dybdal, A. E 334 Earsley, A C 264 Eames, Hiram T 383 Eastland, Swan E 387 PAGE. Earl, Jasper W 443 Eaton, Oriel C 447 Eddy, Ernest C 720 Eddy, John L 066 Edwards, Henry F 438 Eiken, Andrew 341 Elg, Charles 466 Elliot, Ezra F 483 Erickson, Knud D 176 Erickson, Olof S 533 Erickson, A. B 737 Ericksen, Louis 685 Erwin, Andrew 338 j Everdell, Lyman B 387 Evcnson, Even S 614 Everts, Edmund .\ 665 Farmer, John P 4H4 Falley, Dr. Charles F 331 Falley. Fred 787 Fay, Edwin 397 Faber, George N 301 Fairfield, Edwin M 734 Falk, Dr. E. N 696 Fisher, Clarence J 266 Fisher, Jacob 534 Pisk, J. F 467 Field, Frank C 658 Fish, Dr. E. W 799 Flaten, Ole E 414 Foss, Judge J>. O 311 Fontaine, Louis 250 Fournet, Feli.\ 490 Foreman, James 771 Fry. George L 300 Frey, Jacob J 398 Fredenburg, David V 335 Prankberg, Erick 319 Freeman, C. W 356 Francis. Gowen D 438 Frazee, Theodore 722 Fritz, George 779 Gardner, Sherman 599 Garred. George P 793 Geisert, T. B 211 Gewalt, Louis 318 George, August F 237 Gillesby , Thomas B 390 Gifford, Coral W 346 Gill. Henry P 373 Gilbertson, Gilbert 394 Gilbertson, Ilellack 653 Gilpin, Joseph 462 Gilseth, Andrew J 498 TABLE OF CONTENTS. VM.V.. Gilger. William tiGa Gieriet, John 797 GlennoD, Michael J 365 Glaspel, Dr. G. W 538 Glaisyer, Herbert 559 Glarum, Ole B 6-23 Gould, William G 481 Golhia, Peter 453 Gregg, Captain J. W 307 Griggs, Captain Alexander. . . . 701 Grussendorf, Edward 355 Grass, John II 494 Green, Maurice 532 Green, George II 640 G rant, .Tarvis A 776 Gunn, .loscpli 250 Gunderson, Andrew 432 Gummer, Kd -vard 56!) Gummer, .lolin 710 Hand. Dr. Win. K 184 Hamilton, Frank 201 Hamilton, (Irorge D 694 Hamlin, Henry 15 6.S9 Hanson, XelsII 233 Hanson, John 2,50 Hanson, Hans I' 278 Hanson, John II 447 Hanson, llansO 551 Hanson, Jacoli M 614 Hanson, Albert L 732 Hansen. Erich C. F 333 Hansen, John P 359 Hassen, James W 019 Hauge, Lars J 246 Hardy, Newell N 327 Handy, Richard 090 Hampson , Fred L 330 Harrison, Harris K 388 Harris, Knule O 415 Harris, James K 504 Hannah, John A 436 Hanna, Dennis 781 Ilaugen, Andrew 455 Hansman, Jo.seph 400 Hays, Milton B 444 Ilamery, Oscar L 493 Halvor.son, Martin 530 Ilazlett. Isaac 534 Haines, Prof. Angus 503 Haines, James C 666 Haines, George 051 Hartson. Frank D 574 Hart, Francis A 598 Hartung, Frederick W 095 r.VGK. Harrin, J. P 752 Heald, Timothy 374 Renault, George G 422 Hemstead, Dr. Werner 582 Herrick, Henry B 217 Herbrandson, Peter 777 Heskin, Swen N 760 Hennebohle, F 756 Henry, Louis 608 Hinman, Justus K 787 Hixson, Hon. D. W 180 Hixson, Avery W 494 Hilleboe, Prof. Hans S 637 Hill, Charles B 342 Hill, Dr. Sylvester J 659 Hintze. Louis 377 HIgley, F. M 773 Holes, Andrew 109 Holasek, Winslow 325 Iloppe, Frank 362 Hoerting, William 380 Holbeck, Chris 422 Hodgson, Joseph B 436 Hollinger, Charles. 545 Howe, J. J 554 Holther, Olaf A 607 Horneck, Samuel N 638 Hosier, B. A 6,52 Holcn, Peter 1 092 Horr, Walters 694 Hodge, (Jiarles H 700 Holmes, Hon. E. G 724 Holmes, Oliver M 791 IIov, Torger P 780 Hokenson, Gustaf A 778 Hunting, Henry M 177 Hubert, Anton 261 Hyser, Edward K 340 Irish, John S 348 Irish, Jeff H 557 Iverson, Iver 174 Iverslie, Carl M 707 Jacobson, S 446 Jacobus, Delos 503 Jenkins, Gen. Horatio 293 Jensen, Jorgen . 314 Jensen, Jens P 470 .Jenks, W. R. L 483 Jerrue, Frank 621 Jellum, EUef N 633 Jerome, Frank 400 Johnson, Martin 217 Johnson, Lage 227 PAOE. Johnson, Ole 238 Johnson, Henry 3"i7 Johnson, Chrittian 360 Johnson, Theodore 373 Johnson, Iver 483 Johnson, Hon. J, A : . . . 523 Johnson, ICrick H 565 Johnson, Bengt 768 Jorgenson, Even 257 Jorgenson, Martin 001 Jorgens, Sven 406 Just, Dr. A. A 387 Jung, John 687 Judkins^ Mark D 228 T^abernaglc, John 767 Kenaston, F. E 168 Ketcham, George 303 Kent, Frank 308 Keenau, John 609 Kelly, John B 046 Kelly, Patrick 755 Keye, F. D 758 Keye, Henry C69 Kemper, Henry 679 Kenny, Rev. E 745 Kirk, AlvaH 386 Kiewel, Jacob 402 Kislenmacher, William 456 King, Rev. Samuel H 488 Kivel. John 520 Kissack, William 674 Kjeldson, Nels 294 Kloos, Charles B 427 Knappen, Charles C 187 Knutson, Christian J 536 Knight, John 620 Kotschevar, John S 192 Koyle, Dr. F. T 311 Koistad, John () 591 Konzen, Peter n 645 Kreidler, Daniel W 413 Krueger, Frederick 604 Kyed, John 391 Larson, Simon 166 Larson, Emel 175 Larson, Hans A 587 Larson, Andrew. . . 551 Larson, Louis 675 Lar-son, Nels JI 549 Larson, Eli B 473 Lamb, Patrick II 219 Laastuen, Knud O 234 Lamphere, George N 243 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE. Lauder, Judge W. S 375 Lake, Fred H 390 Lawlor, Rev. E.J 442 La Blanc, Joseph 485 Lascbapelle, Sirs. P. J 500 La Due, John S 617 LaloDo, T 638 La Gro, James S 698 Langcii, OleT 754 La Moure, Hon. Judson 788 Lee, John P 190 Lee, JohnK 339 Lee, Hon. W. E 581 Le Masurier, E. P 717 Letourneau, Oliver 681 Letson, James H 360 Lewis, Charles L 408 Lemieux, Dr. Israel 786 Lightbourn, D. C 194 Lier, Peter.. 301 Lindquist, Gustaf. A 403 Lilyquist, Charles 613 Long, William P 164 Locken,J. H 505 Loseth, Ole F 537 Loltwood, Peter N 556 Logan, Dr. John R 573 Love, Edwin H 627 Locke, Dr. J. Frank 661 Lonne, Rev. Jens 1 748 Lundberg, Ole L 209 Lund, Andrew T . . 726 Lund, Andrew 193 Lucken, Ole H 334 Lundin, John P 766 Mallon, Michael M 620 Mathews, John C 651 Mathews, William H 260 Markus, William F 693 Martin, John B 718 Martin, John M 208 Mattson, Hon. Edwin 747 Matterson, Lucius L 544 Marth, John 180 Marcil, Rev. Joseph H 583 Madson, Christian 196 Mackenroth, Frank 213 Mays, George L 259 Mallory, Charles P 468 Maynard, Judge A. K 539 McMillan. Albert S 563 McCulloch, Prof. J. T 594 McCauley , David 611 McDonald, Donald 631 P.\GE. McGrew, Hon. J. G 339 McGrath, Dennis F 273 McGrath, .John 315 JlcCollor. Peter F 332 McDonnell, Hon. M. J .561 McLean, Dr. T. N 448 McLane, J. W 752 McNeil, Robert J 437 McKay, John A 343 McVeety, Thos. L 402 McVeety , James 458 Mclntyre, A. P 774 McNeice, Washington 678 Merchant, Elzear G 613 Jlelgaard, Hans L 709 Merrell, Jabcz 761 Mendenhall, Rev. H. G 765 Metcalf, Dr. J. E 424 Mickleson, Hans 585 Mills, Hon. Ira B 189 Miller, S. N 249 Miller, Hon. J. II 351 Mix, C. H 479 Migge, Gottfried 520 Miksche, Anton 407 Mott, Alfred W 570 Mott, Nelson A 706 Mott, James 473 Morgan, Hon. Charles W 635 Morell, Dr. W. N 650 Morrill, E. K 514 Moles, William S 191 Moses, William 206 Mosuess, Ole 465 Montague, Judge R. J 329 Morrisse, Geo. F 379 Morrow, William J 527 Morrisey, James E 512 Morrisey, Thomas S 421 Mussey, Harvey E 664 Munson, Nels S 703 Mumford, R. B 166 Mundigel, John A 237 MuUin, Thomas D 331 Myran, Nels H 294 Myran, O. H 711 Myers, Thomas C 714 Nash, William 224 Nelson, John A 252 Nelson, Nels E 358 Nelson, Hans P 499 Nelson, Hon. Knute 763 Nelson, Hon. Nelson E 789 Neer, Joseph II. . 640 PAGE. Nisbct, Robert 377 Nisbet, James 339 Niles, Palmer W 757 Nimesyern, J. N 769 North, E. D 502 Norin, Dr. F. L 282 Nolan , James 589 Noleni, R. H 776 Nutting, Frank B 686 Nye, Eli S 342 O'Brien, Dennis 687 O'Brien, Miss Julia 735 O'Brien, James E 491 Odell, Peter A 579 O'Dell, Abel II 647 Ohlsson, John 395 Olsen, Herman W 506 Olson, JohnL 220 Olson, N. K 300 Olson, Jacob 423 Olson, Gilbert.. 433 Olson, Sam 471 Olson, Ole W 497 Olson, Iver C 630 Olson, Lars J 686 Olson, Nels J 688 Olson, Gunder 707 Onan, Col. Warren 393 Opheim, Andrew 594 Orcutt, Freeman 317 Ostrom, John E 603 Otteruess, E. O 680 Paulsrud, Nels 405 Pattee, Dr. W. H 773 Paine, :Miltou J 203 Partridge, George 204 Patterson, Dr. Robert 263 Patterson, Daniel 566 Palmer, George II 274 Palmer, William H 733 Parkhurst, Stephen H 312 Packard, Sidney F 415 Park, James D 438 Page, Hon. Henry G 486 Pary.Olof 579 Peterson, Andrew 770 Peterson, Jr. , J 225 Peterson, Frank II 283 Peterson, John G. (of Barrett). . 473 Peterson, Daniel 548 Peterson, John G 549 Peterson, Frank W^ 575 Peterson, William C 633 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE. Peterson, John 714 Peters, John 457 Pederson, Anders H 173 Pcrley, Georpe E 305 Pettier, Oliver 573 Pctlit, Bert H C07 Peake, Kev. E. S 7G3 Phelps, Harvey II 222 Pliillipiii, M. I' 349 Phiniuy, B. II 401 Phillips. O. II 4G3 Place, John 1 573 Piatt, Lewis I) 710 Ponsomhy, Charles C 442 Prescott, Nathan JI 213 I'ropper, Moses 1' 3!)!) Prcvost, Joseph 650 Piihler, Frcderieli 247 Pullman, Charles 384 Parcel], lion. W. E 431 Putnam, Dr. C. S 477 Pyatt, Hon. John C 381 QiuUley, Olc J 441 CJuam, Hon. Nels 658 Uailson, Hon. Andrew 684 Uismusson, Halvor 277 Itasniussen, Peter 600 Riunstad, Peter 440 Uamstad, L. L 452 Kapp, Charles G 539 Keynolds, J. W... 419 Keynolds, Dr. W. S 634 Keynolds, J. E 775 Jieichert, Ignatz 755 Uinehart, John E 215 Kidley, Charles 242 Rich, Morgan T 336 ]{islo\v, John 767 Hiehard.son, Dr. J. S 731 I{()binson, Alexander 332 Robertson, 8.0 576 Robertson, Donald 677 Roberts, Judge Augustus 552 Roberts, (Captain W. C 606 Roosnian, Judge W. W 626 Rodman, JIartin 643 Roise, Paul H 644 Royem, Esten 1 668 Ross, H. J 749 Jtobb, Thomas 753 Rose, Amos 763 Rosenthal, Frederick 790 liuggles, John M 291 Running, Alexander 347 PAGK. Ryerson, Richard D 584 Ryan, John M 689 Sampson, Hon. Bernhard 181 Sanford, Jasper N 205 Sanford, Henry F 280 Sauby, Tobias 273 Sawyer, Charles K 318 Sackett, John ( ) 379 Sand. Casper 382 Sawbririge, Mrs. Emma 451 Saugstad, Rev. C 495 Sarff, Manasses 629 Sather, Andrew () 669 Satre, Frank T 719 Schow, Edwin C 186 Schjaastad, John 210 Schmidt, Philip C 262 Schmitz, Adam 738 Sehels, Father Sebastian 397 Schafer, John W 517 Schroeder, Nils F 546 Scott, James 593 Scott, S. Arthur 682 Seidlinger, Prosper 236 Selby, JohnF 605 Shedd, C. C 183 Shaler, Charles H 195 Shea, James 202 Shapleigh, Thomas C 3U6 Slieppard, Michael B 307 Shephard, Henry 716 Sheets, Arthur W 728 Shoudy, Chester 764 Simonson, Simon D 405 Simmons. Frank B 744 Simpson, Thomas 764 Sivigny, Barthelmy 796 Sjordal, Theodore <) 567 Slocum, W. E 352 Smith, Roderick . . . 475 Smith, Charles A 532 Smith, Lucas W 588 Smith, William 691 Snell, Harry H 297 Snow, Asa H 299 Solem, A 429 Spendley, Charles S 197 Spcrry, B. W 522 Sperry, Albert H 618 Spaulding, Calvin L 526 Spicer, John M 596 Steenerson, Hon. H 159 Stave, Christian P 192 Strate, HensP 258 PAGE. Studlien, Anton L 282 Staal, John H 345 Stevens, Mott T 358 Stephens, A. D 845 Stoneburg. John A 369 Strong, Johnll.. 560 Stone.Dr. J. J 570 Stone, Philo 637 Stinehour, L. E 660 Storey, Thomas H 676 Stollz, OttoF 730 Stuart, Dr.F. H 732 Struett, Loviis 747 Sullivan, James E 295 Sunderhauf. Albert 343 Sutherland, William II 352 Sutton, Isaac C 699 Sutton, Lyman H 375 Sutton, Edward J 792 Sundet, John O ■■>28 S vanson, August 253 Swaine, Dr. Geo. D 366 Swanson, Albert 644 SwensoD, Olof J 163 Sweet, Ephraim A 322 Swenson, Rev. S. G 587 Tate, Reuben F 562 Taylor, Benjamin C 582 Taralscth, Knud J 561 Thompson, Hugh 165 Thompson, Peter E 195 Thompson, Thomas A 491 Thompson, Sylvester N 639 Thompson, John H 673 Thompson, Edward T 715 Thomp.son, Frank J 769 Thronsen, Carl 252 Thorson, Sam 478 Thorson. T. J 537 Thysell, Carl G 530 Tharahlson, Ole 541 Thornquist, Swan P 603 Thorpe, G. L 780 Torstein, Frank 207 Torgerson, Samuel 267 Torstenson, Ole 478 Todd, Ovid B 780 Treat, George L 269 Truax, Dr. AValter E 304 Tripp, Frederick 795 Tuttle Romeo J ... 635 Tweeton, John G 334 UfEord, Nathan B 339 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE. Underwood, A. .1 770 Urie, Horace G 218 Utterberg, John 378 Valentine, Ezra G 188 Van Doreu, James K 241 Van Dyke, James D 670 Van Dyke, Hon. J. II 779 Vivian, Dr. G 409 Von Baumbach, Hon . F 1(>0 Vought, M. L 672 AValsh, Thomas 707 Walsh, Edmund M 161 Ward. Noah P 230 Walters, August 449 Walker, AVilliam E 464 Walker, Andrew 797 Walker, Henry T 799 Wallace, William A 577 Wallace, James P 6;il Washburn, George 612 Wattam, Dr. George S 649 Wait, Hon. John 602 — Wells, RufusP 330 " Wells, Alpheus 199 PAGE. Wells, H. H 844 Werner, Wigo 222 Webster, Calno U 255 Webster, Harvey M 242 Weslberg. John M 254 Went/el, August 367 West, John 430 Wegener, Rudolph 493 Weling, John B 535 Wear, Dr. I, N 580 Weigel, Frank 784 Weeks, John 790 Weston, George E 794 Wheelock, Harry JI 435 Wheeler, Dr. H. M 543 White, Richard E 445 White, Rev. George S 623 White, Joseph W 696 Whitford, James 525 Whitney, George A 741 Whipple, C. H 759 Williams, Olliver 199 Williams, .Tohn 653 Williams, Benjamin 653 Williams, James E 703 Winger, Charles 316 PAGE. Widenhoefer, William 231 Widcnhoefer, Christian 267 Willis, Charles F 335 Wilde, George C 487 Winchester, Geo. C 639 Wilcox, Alvin H 654 Wiggins, John H 691 Wittse, Richard W 721 Woodard, H. F 418 Woodworth, D. A 558 Woodman, Eli 595 Wood, W. W 746 Wood, Hon. John E 754 Wool.son. Dr. L. B 713 Wold, Erik 450 Wright, Hon. Chas. D 353 Wright George B 368 Wyvell, John 345 Yeaton, Lewis F 681 Yerxa, Thomas E 739 Younggren, Oscar 751 Ziebarth, Edward A 171 Illustrations. PAGE. Adams, .John 15 Adams, John Quincy 39 Arthur, Chester A 112 Buchanan, James 81 Cleveland, Grover .... 116 Fillmore, Millard 73 Garfield, James A 108 Grant, U. S 97 PAGE. Harri.son, Wm. H 57 Harrison, BeDJamiu 121 Hayes, Rutherford B 103 Jackson, Andrew 46 JelTerson, Thomas 21 Johnson, Andrew 93 Lincoln, Abraham 85 Madison, James 27 PAGE. Monroe, James 33 Pierce, Franklin 77 Polk , James K 65 Taylor, Zachary 69 Tyler, John 61 Van Buren, Martin 53 Washington, George 8 GEORGE WASH/NGTON. K^^ w ■_.\._ tfNi _^!. c*5_.i._t^. .b'/tj^^ -^^ EORGE WASHING- TON, the " Father of his Country" and its first President, 1789- '97, was born Febru- ary 22, 1732, in Wash- ington Parish, West- moreland C o u n t y, Virginia. His father, Augustine Wash- ington, first married Jane But- ler, who bore him four chil- dren, and March 6, 1730, he married Mary Ball. Of six children by his second mar- riage, George was the eldest, the others being Bett^-, Samuel, John, Au- gustine, Charles and Mildred, of whom the youngest died in infancy. Little is known of the early years of Washington, beyond the fact that the house in which he was born was burned during his early child- hood, and that his father thereupon moved to another farm, inherited from his paternal ancestors, situated in Stafford Count}^ on the north bank of the Rappahannock, where he acted as agent of the Principio Iron Works in the immediate vicinity, and died there in 1743. From earliest childhood George devel- oped a noble character. He had a vigorous constitution, a fine form, and great bodily strength. His education was somewhat de- fective, being confined to the elementary branches taught him by his mother and at a neighboring school. He developed, how- ever, a fondness for mathematics, and en- joyed in that branch the instructions of a private teacher. On leaving school he re- sided for some time at Mount Vernon with his half brothe)-, Lawrence, who acted as his guardian, and who had married a daugh- ter of his neighbor at Belvoir on the Poto- mac, the wealthy William Fairfax, for some time president of the executive council of the colony. Both Fairfax and his son-in-law, Lawrence Washington, had served with dis- tinction in 1740 as officers of an American battalion at the siege of Carlhagcna, and were friends and correspondents of Admiral Vernon, for whom the latter's residence on the Potomac has been named. George's inclinations were for a similar career, and a midshipman's warrant was procured for him, probably through the influence of the Admiral ; but through the opposition of his mother the project was abandoned. The family connection with the Fairfaxes, how- ever, opened another career for the young man, who, at the age of sixteen, was ap- pointed surveyor to the immense estates of the eccentric Lord Fairfax, who was then on a visit at Belvoir, and who shortly after- ward established his baronial residence at Greenway Court, in the Shenandoah Valley. PRES/DE\TS OF THE UNI TED STATES. Three years were passed bv young Wash- ington in a rough frontier life, gaining ex- perience which afterward proved very es- sential to him. In 1751, when the Virginia militia were put under training wiih a view to active service against France, Washington, though only nineteen years of age, was appointed Adjutant with the rank of Major. In Sep- tember of that )'ear the failing health of Lawrence Washington rendered it neces- sary for him to seek a warmer climate, and George accompanied him in a voj'age to Barbadoes. They returned earh' in 1752, and Lawrence shortly afterward died, leav- ing his large property to an infant daughter. In his will George was named one of the executors and as eventual heir to Mount Vernon, and by the death of the infant niece soon succeeded to that estate. On the arrival of Robert Dinwiddle as Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia in 1752 the militia was reorganized, and the prov- ince divided into four districts. Washing- ton was commissioned by Dinwiddie Adju- tant-General of the Northern District in 1753, and in November of that vear a most important as well as hazardous mission was assigned him. This was to pnoceed to the Canadian posts recently established on French Creek, near Lake Erie, to demand in the name of the King of England the withdrawal of the French from a territory claimed by Virginia. This enterprise had been declined by more than one officer, since it involved a journey through an ex- tensive and almost unexplored wilderness in the occupancy of savage Indian tribes, either hostile to the English, or of doubtful attachment. Major Washington, however, accepted the commission with alacrity ; and, accompanied by Captain Gist, he reached Fort Le Boeuf on French Creek, delivered his dispatches and received reply, which, of course, was a polite refusal to surrender the posts. This reply was of such a character as to induce the Assembl)' of Virginia to authorize the executive to raise a regiment of 300 men for the purpose of maintaining the asserted rights of the British crown over the territor}' clajmed. As Washing- ton declined to be a candidate for that post, the command of this regiment was given to Colonel Joshua Frv, and Major Washing- ton, at his own request, was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel. On the march to Ohio, news was received that a parly previously sent to build a fort at the confluence of the Monongahela with the Ohio had been driven back bv a considerable French force, which had completed the work there be- gun, and named it Fort Duquesne, in honor of the Marquis Duquesne, then Governor of Canada. This was the beginning of the great " French and Indian war," which con- tinued seven years. On the death of Colonel Fry, Washington succeeded to the com- mand of the regiment, and so well did he fulfill his trust that the Virginia Assembly commissi(jncd him as Commander-in-Chief of all the forces raised in the colony. ^V cessation of all Indian hostility on the frontier having followed the expulsion ol the French from the Ohio, the object of Washington was accomplished and he re- signed his commission as Commander-in- Chief of the Virginia forces. He then pro- ceeded to Williamsburg to take his seat in the General Assembl}-, of which he had been elected a member. January 17, 1759, Washington married Mrs. Martha (_Dandridge) Custis, a young and beautiful widow of great wealth, and de- voted himself for the ensuing fifteen years to the quiet pursuits of agriculture, inter- rupted only by his annual attendance in winter upon the Colonial Legislature at Williamsburg, until summoned by his country to enter upon that other arena in which his fame was to become world wide. It is unnecessary here to trace the details of the struggle upon the question of local GEORGE WASHINGTON. self-government, which, after ten years, cul- minated bv act of Parliament of the port of Boston. It was at the instance of Virginia that a congress of all the colonies was called to meet at Philadelphia September 5, 1774, to secure their common liberties — if possible by peaceful means. To this Congress Colonel Washington was sent as a dele- gate. On dissolving in October, it recom- mended the colonies to send deputies to another Congress the following spring. In the meantime several of the colonies felt impelled to raise local forces to repel in- sults and aggressions on the part of British troops, so that on the assembling of the next Congress, Mav 10, 1775, the war prepara- tions of the mother country were unmis- takable. The battles of Concord and Lex- ington had been fought. Among the earliest acts, therefore, of the Congress was the selection of a commander-in-chief of the colonial forces. This otfice was unani- mously conferred upon Washington, still a member of the Congress. He accepted it on June 19, but on the express condition he should receive no salary. He immediately repaired to the vicinity of Boston, against which point the British ministry had concentrated their forces. As early as April General Gage had 3,000 troops in and around this proscribed city. During the fall and winter the British policy clearly indicated a purpose to divide pub- lic sentiment and to build up a British party in the colonies. Those who sided with the ministry were stigmatized by the patriots as " Tories," while the patriots took to them- selves the name of " Whigs." As early as 1776 the leading men had come to the conclusion that there was no hope except in separation and indepen- dence. In May of that year Washington wrote from the head of the army in New York : " A reconciliation with Great Brit- ain is impossible When I took command of the army, I abhorred the idea of independence ; but 1 am now fully satis- fied that nothing else will save us." It is not the object of this sketch to trace the militar)' acts of the patriot hero, to whose hands the fortunes and liberties of the United States were confided during the seven years' bloody struggle that ensued until the treaty of 1783, in which England acknowledged the independence of each of the thirteen States, and negotiated with them, jointly, as separate sovereignties. The merits of Washington as a military chief- tain have been considerably discussed, espe- cially by writers in his own country. Dur- ing the war he was most bitterly assailed for incompetency, and great efforts were made to displace him ; but he never for a moment lost the confidence of either the Congress or the people. December 4, 1783, the great commander took leave of his offi- cers in most affectionate and patriotic terms, and went to Annapolis, Maryland, where the Congress of the States was in session, and to that body, when peace and order prevailed everywhere, resigned his com- mission and retired to Mount Vernon. It was in 1788 that Washington was called to the chief magistracy of the nation. He received every electoral vote cast in all the colleges of the States voting for the office of President. The 4th of March, 1789, was the time appointed for the Government of the United States to begin its operations, but several weeks elapsed before quorums of both the newly constituted houses of the Congress were assembled. The city of New York was the place where the Congress then met. April 16 Washington left his htjme to enter upon the discharge of his new duties. He set out with a purpose of traveling privately, and without attracting any public attention ; but this was impossi- ble. Everywhere on his way he was met with thronging crowds, eager to see the man whom the}' regarded as the chief de- fender of their liberties, and everywhere PRESIDENTS OF THE UN /TED STATES. he was hailed with those public manifesta- tions of joy, regard and love which spring spontaneously from the hearts of an affec- tionate and grateful people. His reception in New York was marked by a grandeur and an enthusiasm never before witnessed in that metropolis. The inauguration took place A])ril 30, in tiie presence of an immense multitude which had assembled to witness the new and imposing ceremony. The oath of office was administered by Robert R. Livingston, Chancellor of the State. When this sacred pledge was given, he retired with the other officials into the Senate chamber, where he delivered his inaugural address to both houses of the newly con- stituted Congress in joint assembly. In the manifold details of his civil ad- ministration, Washington proved himself equal to the requirements ol his position. The greater portion of the first session of the first Congress was occupied in passing the necessary statutes for putting the new organization into complete operation. In the discussions brought up in the course of this lesfislation the nature and character of the new system came under general review. On no one of them did any decided antago- nism of opinion arise. All held it to be a limited government, clothed only with spe- cific powers conferred by delegation from the States. There was no change in the name of the legislative department ; it still remained " the Congress of the United States of America." There was no change in the original flag of the country, and none in the seal, which still remains with the Grecian escutcheon borne by the eagle, with other emblems, imder the great and expressive motto, " E Phiribus Unuiii." The first division of parties arose upon the manner of construing the powers dele- gated, and they were first styled " strict constructionists" and " latitudinarian con- structionists." The former were for con- fining the action of the Government strictly within its specific and limited sphere, while the others were for enlarging its powers by inference and implication. Hamilton and Jefferson, both members of the first cabinet- were regarded as the chief leaders, respect ively, of these rising antagonistic parties, which have existed, under different names, from tiiat day to this. W^ashington was re- garded as holding a neutral position between them, though, by mature deliberation, he vetoed the first apportionment bill, in 1790, passed by the party headed b}- Hamilton, which was based upon a principle construct- ively leading to centralization or consoli- dation. This was the first exercise of the veto power under the present Constitution. It created considerable excitement at the time. Another bill was soon passed in pur- suance of Mr. Jefferson's views, which has been adhered to in principle in every ap- portionment act passed since. At the second session of the new Con- gress, Washington announced the gratify- ing fact of " the accession of North Caro- lina" to the Constitution of 1787, and June 1 of the same year he announced by special message the like " accession of the State of Rhode Island," with his congratulations on the happy event which " united under the general Government" all the States which were originally confederated. In 1792, at the second Presidential elec- tion, Washington was desirous to retire ; but he yielded to the general wish of the country, and was again chosen President by the unanimous vote of every electoral college. At the third election, 1796, he was again most urgently entreated to consent to remain in the executive chair. This he positively refused. In September, before the election, he gave to his countrymen his memorable Farewell Address, which in lan- guage, sentiment and patriotism was a fit and crowning glory of his illustrious life. After March 4, 1797, he again retired ta Mount Vernon for peace, quiet and repose. GEORGE WASHINGTON. n His administration for the two terms had been successful beyond the expectation and hopes of even the most sanguine of his friends. The finances of the country were no longer in an embarrassed condition, the public credit was fully restored, life was given to every department of industry, the workings of the new S3'stem in allowing Congress to raise revenue from duties on imports proved to be not only harmonious in its federal action, but astonishing in its results upon the commerce and trade of all the States. The exports from the Union increased from §19,000,000 to over $56,000,- 000 per annum, while the imports increased in about the same proportion. Three new members had been added to the Union. The progress of the States in their new career under their new organization thus far was exxeedingly encouraging, not only to the friends of libertv within their own limits, but to their sympathizing allies in all climes and countries. CM the call again made on this illustrious chief to quit his repose at Mount Vernon and take command of all the United States forces, with the rank of Lieutenant-General, when war was threatened with France in 1798, nothing need here be stated, except to note the fact as an unmistakable testimo- nial of the high regard in which he was still held by his countrymen, of all shades of po- litical opinion. He patriotically accepted this trust, but a treaty of peace put a stop to all action under it. He again retired to Mount Vernon, where, after a short and severe illness, he died December 14, 1799, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. The whole country was filled with gloom by this sad intelligence. Men of all parties in poli- tics and creeds in religion, in every State in the Union, united with Congress in " pay- ing honor to the man, first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his country- men." His remains were deposited in a family vault on the banks of the Potomac at Mount Vernon, where they still lie entombed. *«p??^~ -" «4 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. grosn ^IDBMS ^xTTii^^rTrimHtTiifTTnfrrrrn t^^» OHN ADAMS, the second President of the United States, 1797 to 1 801, was born in the present town of Ouincv, then a portion of Braintree, Massachu- setts, October 30, 1735. His father was a farmer of mod- erate means, a wortliy and industrious man. He was a deacon in the church, and was very desirous of giving his son a collegiate educa- tion, hoping that he would become a minister of the gospel. But, as up to this time, the age of fourteen, he had been only a play-boy in the fields and forests, he had no taste for books, he chose farming. On being set to work, however, by his father out in the field; the very first day con- verted the boy into a lover of books. Accordingly, at the age of sixteen he entered Harvard College, and graduated in 1755, at the age of twenty, highly esteemed for integrity, energy and abilit)'. Thus, having no capital but his education, he Started out into the stormy world at a time of great political e.vcitement, as France and England were then engaged in their great seven-years struggle for the mastery over the New World. The fire of patriotism seized young Adams, and for a tiai^ he studied over the question whether he should take to the law, to politics orihe army. He wrote a remarkable letter to a friend, making prophecies concerning the future greatness of this country which have since been more than fulfilled. For two years he taught school and studied law, wasting no odd moments, and at the earl)- age of twenty-two years he opened a law office in his native town. His inherited powers of mind and untiring devotion to his profession caused him to rise rapidly in public esteem. In October, 1764, Mr. Adams married Miss Abigail Smith, daughter of a clergy- man at Wevmouth and a lady of rare per- sonal and intellectual endowments, who afterward contributed much to her hus- band's celebrity. Soon the oppression of the British in America reached its climax. The Boston merchants employed an attorney by the name of James Otis to argue the legality of oppressive tax law before the Superior Court. Adams heard the argument, and afterward wrote to a friend concerning the ability displayed, as follows : " Otis was a flame of fire. With a promptitude of classical allusion, a depth of research, a rapid summarv of historical events and dates, a profusion of legal authorities and a wz Jdw/ij yOHIV ADAMS. '7 prophetic glance into futurity, he hurried away all before him. American independence was then and there horn. Every man of an immensely crowded audience appeared to me to go away, as I did, ready to take up arms." Soon Mr. Adams wrote an essay to be read before the literary club of his town, upon the state of affairs, which was so able as to attract public attention. It was pub- lished in American journals, republished in England, and was pronounced by the friends of the colonists there as " one of the very best productions ever seen from North America." The memorable Stamp Act was now issued, and Adams entered with all the ardor of his soul into political life in order to resist it. He drew up a series of reso- lutions remonstrating against the act, which were adopted at a public meeting of the citizens of Braintree, and which were sub- sequently adopted, word for word, by more than forty towns in the State. Popular commotion prevented the landing of the Stamp Act papers, and the English author- ities then closed the courts. The town of Boston therefore appointed Jeremy Grid- ley, James Otis and John Adams to argue a petition before the Governor and council for the re-opening of the courts ; and while the two first mentioned attorneys based their argument upon the distress caused to the people by the measure, Adams boldly claimed that the Stamp Act was a violation both of the English Constitution and the charter of the Provinces. It is said that this was the first direct denial of the un- limited right of Parliament over the colo- nies. Soon after this the Stamp Act was repealed. Directly Mr. Adams was employed to defend Ansell Nickerson, who had killed an Englishman in the act of impressing him (Nickerson) into the King's service, and his client was acquitted, the court thus estab- lishing the principle that the infamous royal prerogative of impressment could have no existence in the colonial code. But in 1770 Messrs. Adams and Josiah Quincy defended a party of British soldiers who had been arrested for murder when they had been only obejnng Governmental orders ; and when reproached for thus ap- parently deserting the cause of popular liberty, Mr. Adams replied that he would a thousandfold rather live under the domina- tion of the worst of England's kings than under that of a lawless mob. Next, after serving a term as a member of the Colonial Legislature from Boston, Mr. Adams, find- ing his health affected b}- too great labor, i-etired to his native home at Braintree. The year 1774 soon arrived, with its fa- mous Boston " Tea Part}'," the first open act of rebellion. Adams was sent to the Congress at Philadelphia ; and when the Attorney-General announced that Great Britain had " determined on her system, and that her power to execute it was irre- sistible," Adams replied : " I know that Great Britain has determined on her S3'S- tem, and that very determination deter- mines me on mine. You know that I have been constant in my opposition to her measures. The die is now cast. I have passed the Rubicon. Sink or swim, live or die, with my countr}-, is my unalterable determination." Tiie rumor beginning to prevail at Philadelphia that the Congress had independence in view, Adams foresaw that it was too soon to declare it openly. He advised every one to remain quiet in that respect; and as soon as it became ap- parent that he himself was for independ- ence, he was advised to hide himself, which he did. The next year the great Revolutionary war opened in earnest, and Mrs. Adams, residing near Boston, kept her husband ad- vised by letter of all the events transpiring in her vicinity. The battle of Bunker Hill IR I'RESIDENTS OF THE UN /TED STATES. came on. Congress had to do something immediately. The first thing was to choose a commander-in-chief for tiie — we can't say " army " — the fighting men of the colonies. The New England delegation was almost unanimous in favor of appoint- ing General Ward, then at the head of the Massachusetts forces, but Mr. Adams urged the appointment of George Washington, then almost unknown outside of his own State. He was appointed without ojjpo- sition. Mr. Adams offered the resolution, which was adopted, annulling all the royal authority in the colonies. Having thus prepared the way, a few weeks later, viz., June -, 1776, Richard Henry Lee, of Vir- ginia, who a few months before had declared that the British Government would aban- don its oppressive measures, now offered the memorable resolution, seconded by Adams, "that these United States arc, and of right ought to be, free and independent." Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, Sherman and Livingston were then appointed a commit- tee to draught a declaration of independ- ence. Mr. Jefferson desired Mr. Adams to draw up the bold document, but the latter persuaded Mr. Jefferson to perform that responsible task. The Declaration drawn up, Mr. Adams became its foremost defender on the floor of Congress. It was signed by all the fifty-five members present, and the next day Mr. Adams wrote to his wife how great a deed was done, and how proud he was of it. Mr. Adams continued to be the leading man of Congress, and the leading advocate of American inde- pendence. Above all other Americans, he was considered by every one the prin- cipal shining mark for British vengeance. Thus circumstanced, he was appointed to the most dangerous task of crossing the ocean in winter, exposed to capture bv the British, who knew of his mission, which was to visit Paris and solicit the co-opera- tion of the French. Besides, to take him- self away from the country of which he was the most prominent defender, at that critical time, was an act of the greatest self- sacrifice. Sure enough, while crossing the sea, he had two ver}' narrow escapes from capture ; and the transit was otherwise a stormy and eventful one. During thc- summer of 1779 he returned home, but was immediatel)- dispatched back to France, to be in readiness there to negotiate terms of peace and commerce with Great Britain as soon as the latter power was ready for such business. But as Dr. Franklin was more popular than heat the court of France, Mr. Adams repaired to Holland, where he was far more successful as a diplomatist. The treaty of peace between the United States and England was finally signed at Paris, January 21, 1783; and the re-action from so great excitement as Mr. Adams had so long been experiencing threw him into a dangerous fever. Before he fully re- covered he was in London, whence he was dispatched again to Amsterdam to negoti- ate another loan. Compliance with this order undermined his physical constitution for life. In 1785 Mr. Adams was appointed envoy to the court of St. James, to meet face to face the very king who had regarded him as an arch traitor ! Accordingly he re- paired thither, where he did actually meet and converse with George III.! After a residence there for about three years, he obtained permission to return to America. While in London he wrote and published an able work, in three volumes, entitled: '' A Defense of the American Constitution." The Articles of Confederation proving inefficient, as Adams had prophesied, a carefully draughted Constitution was adopted in 1789, when George Washington was elected President of the new nation, and Adams Vice-President. Congress met for a time in New York, but was removed to Philadelphia for ten years, until suitable JOHN ADAMS. 19 buildings should be erected at the new capital in the District of Columbia. Mr. Adams then moved his family to Phila- delphia. Toward the close of his term of ofifice the French Revolution culminated, when Adams and Washington rather sympathized with England, and Jefferson with France. The Presidential election of 1796 resulted in giving Mr. Adams the first place by a small majority, and Mr. Jeffer- son the second place. ]Mr. Adams's administration was consci- entious, patriotic and able. The period was a turbulent one, and even an archangel could not have reconciled the hostile par- ties. Partisanism with reference to Eng- land and France was bitter, and for four years Mr. Adams struggled through almost a constant tempest of assaults. In fact, he was not truly a popular man, and his cha- grin at not receiving a re-election was so great that he did not even remain at Phila- delphia to witness the inauguration of Mr. Jefferson, his successor. The friendly intimacy between these two men was interrupted for about thirteen 3'ears of their life. Adams finall}- made the first advances toward a restoration of their mutual friend- ship, which were gratefully accepted by Jefferson. Mr. Adams was glad of his opportunity to retire to private lile, where he could rest his mind and enjoy the comforts of home. By a thousand bitter experiences he found the path of public duty a thorny one. For twenty-six years his service of the public was as arduous, self-sacrificing and devoted as ever fell to the lot of man. In one im- portant sense he was as much the " Father of his Country " as was Washington in another sense. During these long years of anxiety and toil, in which he was laying, broad and deep, the foundations of the greatest nation the sun ever shone upon, he received from his impoverished country a meager support. The only privilege he carried with him into his retirement was that of franking his letters. Although taking no active part in public affairs, both himself and his son, John Quincy, nobly supported the policy of Mr. Jefferson in resisting the encroachments of England, who persisted in searching American ships on the high seas and dragging from them any sailors that might be designated by any pert lieutenant as British subjects. Even for this noble sup- port Mr. Adams was maligned by thou- sands of bitter enemies ! On this occasion, for the first time since his retirement, he broke silence and drew up a very able paper, exposing the atrocity- of the British pretensions. Mr. Adams outlived nearly all hisfamil3'. Though his physical frame began to give way many years before his death, his mental powers retained their strength and vigor to the last. In his ninetieth year he was gladdened by the popular elevation of his son to the Presidential office, the highest in the gift of the people. A few months more passed away and the 4th of Julv, 1826, arrived. The people, unaware of the near approach of the end of two great lives — that of Adams and Jefferson — -were making unusual preparations for a national holiday. Mr. Adams la)' upon his couch, listening to the ringing of bells, the waftures of martial music and the roar of cannon, with silent emotion. Only four days before, lie had given for a public toast, " Independence forever." About two o'clock in the after- noon he said, "And Jefferson still survives." But he was mistaken by an hour or so; and in a few minutes he had breathed his last. P/fES/DElVTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. ji?^ '"^teii?^ O M A S J E F F E R- son, the third Presi- dent of the United States, 1 801-9, ^^^s born April 2, 1743, the eldest child of his parents, Peter and Jane (Randoipii) Jef- ferson, near Charlottes- ville, Albemarle Countv, \ irginia, upon the slopes of the Blue Ridge. When he -was fourteen years of age, his father died, leav- ■ y 4;c-y,s'-z. '"S ^ widow and eight ^^\\^ children. She wasa beau- tiful and accomplished lady, a good letter-writer, with a fund of humor, and an admirable housekeeper. His parents belonged to the Church of England, and are said to be of Welch origin. But little is known of them, however. Thomas was naturally of a serious turn of mind, apt to learn, and a favorite at school, his choice studies being mathemat- ics and the classics. At the age of seven- teen he entered William and Mar\- College, in an advanced class, and lived in rather an expensive style, consequently being much caressed by gay society. That he was not ruined, is proof of his stamina of character. But during his second year he discarded societ}-, his horses and even his favorite violin, and devoted thenceforward fifteen hours a day to hard study, becoming ex- traordinarily proficient in Latin and Greek authors. On leaving college, before he was twenty- one, he commenced the study of law, and pursued it diligently until he was well qualified for practice, upon whicii he entered in 1767. By this time he was also versed in French, Spanish, Italian and An- glo-Saxon, and in the criticism of the fine arts. Being very polite and polished in his manners, he won the friendship of all whom he met. Though able with his pen, he was not fluent in public speech. In 1769 he was chosen a member of the Virginia Legislature, and was the largest slave-holding member of that body. He introduced a bill empowering slave-holders to manumit their slaves, but it was rejected by an overwhelming vote. In 1770 Mr. Jefferson met with a great loss; his house at Shadwell was burned, and his valuable library of 2,000 volumes was consumed. But he was wealthy enough to replace the most of it, as from his 5,000 acres tilled by slaves and his practice at the bar his income amounted to about $5,000 a year. In 1772 he married Mrs. Martha Skelton, a beautiful, wealthy and accomplished 9M7l^ THOMAS JEFFERSON. n young widow, who owned 40,000 acres of land and 130 slave?; yet he labored assidu- ously for the abolition of slavery. For his new home he selected a majestic rise of land upon his large estate at Shadwell, called IMonticello, whereon he erected a mansion of modest 3'et elegant architecture. Here he lived in luxury, indulging his taste in magnificent, high-blooded horses. At this pei^iod the British Government gradually became more insolent and op- pressive toward the American colonies, and Mr. Jefferson was ever one of the most foremost to resist its encroachments. From time to time he drew up resolutions of re- monstrance, which were finally adopted, thus proving his ability as a statesman and as a leader. By the vear 1774 he became quite busy, both with voice and pen, in de- fending the right of the colonies to defend themselves. His pamphlet entitled: "A Summary View of the Rights of British America," attracted much attention in Eng- land. The following year he, in company with George Washington, served as an ex- ecutive committee in measures to defend by arms the State of Virginia. As a Mem- ber of the Congress, he was not a speech- maker, yet in conversation and upon committees he was so frank and decisive that he always n^.ade a favorable impression. But as late as the autumn of 1775 he re- mained in hopes of reconciliation with the parent country. At length, however, tiie hour arrived for draughting the " Declaration of Indepen- dence," and this responsible task was de- volved upon Jefferson. Franklin, and Adams suggested a few verbal corrections before it was submitted to Congress, which was June 28, 1776, only six da3^s before it was adoplted. During the three days of the fiery ordeal of criticism through which it passed in Congress, Mr. Jefferson opened not his lips. John Adams was the main champion of the Declaration on the floor of Congress. The signing of this document was one of the most solemn and momentous occasions ever attended to by man. Prayer and silence reigned throughout the hall, and each signer realized that if American independence was not finally sustained by arms he was doomed to the scaffold. After the colonies became independent States, Jefferson resigned for a time his seat in Congress in order to aid in organizins: the government of Virginia, of which State he was chosen Governor in 1779, when he was thirty-six years of age. At this time the British had possession of Georgia and were invading South Carolin:^, and at one time a British officer, Tarleton, sent a secret expedition to Monticello to capture the Governor. Five minutes after Mr. Jefferson escaped with his family, his man- sion was in possession of the enemy ! The British troops also destroyed his valuable plantation on the James River. " Had they carried off the slaves," said Jefferson, with characteristic magnanimity, " to give them freedom, they would have done right." The year 1781 was a gloomy one for the Virsfinia Governor. While confined to his secluded home in the forest by a sick and dying wife, a party arose against him throughout the State, severely criticising his course as Governor. Being very sensi- tive to reproach, this touched him to the quick, and the heap of troubles then sur- rounding him nearly crushed him. He re- solved, in despair, to retire from public life for the rest of his days. For weeks Mr. Jefferson sat lovingly, but with a crushed heart, at the bedside of his sick wife, during which time unfeeling letters were sent to him, accusing him of weakness and unfaith- fulness to duty. All this, after he had lost so much property and at the same time done so much for 'his country! After her death he actually fainted away, and re- mained so long insensible that it was feared he never would recover! Several weeks 24 P/fES/DS.VTS OF THE U.VITED STATES. passed before he could fully recover his equilibrium. He was never married a second time. In the spring of 1782 the people of Eng- land compelled their king to make to the Americans overtures of peace, and in No- vember following, Mr. Jefferson was reap- pointed by Congress, unanimous! v and witiiout a single adverse remark, minister plenipotentiary to negotiate a treaty. In March, 1784, Mr. Jefferson was ap- pointed on a committee to draught a plan for the government of the Northwestern Territorv. His slavery-prohibition clause in that plan was stricken out by the pro- slavery majority of the committee; but amid all the controversies and wrangles of poli- ticians, he made it a rule never to contra- dict anj'body or engage in any discussion as a debater. In company with Mr. Adams and ^Dr. Franklin, Mr. Jefferson was appointed in May, 1784, to act as minister plenipotentiary in the negotiation of treaties of commerce with foreign nations. Accordingly, he went to Paris and satisfactorily accomplished his mission. The suavity and high bearing of his manner made all the French his friends; and even Mrs. Adams at one time wrote to her sister that he was "the chosen of the earth." But all the honors that he received, both at home and abroad, seemed to make no change in the simi)licity of his republican tastes. On his return to America, lie found two parties respecting the foreign commercial policv, Mr. Adams sympathizing with that in favor of England and himself favoring France. On the inauguration of General Wash- ington as President, Mr. Jefferson was chosen by him for the office of Secretary of State. At this time the rising storm of the French Revolution became visible, and Washington watched it with great anxiety. His cabinet was divided in their views of constitutional government as well as re- garding the issues in France. General Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, was the leader of the so-called Federal party, while Mr. Jefferson was the leader of tiie Republican party. At the same time there was a strong monarchical party in this country, with which Mr. Adams sympa- thized. Some important financial measures, which were proposed by Hamilton and finally adopted by the cabinet and approved by Washington, were opposed by Mr. Jefferson ; and his enemies then began to reproach iiim with holding office under an administration whose views he opposed. The President poured oil on the troubled waters. On his re-election to the Presi- dency he desired Mr. Jefferson to remain in the cabinet, but the latter sent in his resignation at two different times, probably because he was dissatisfied with some of the measures of the Government. His final one was not received until January i, 1794, when General Washington parted from him with great regret. Jefferson then retired to his quiet home at Monticello, to enjoy a good rest, not even reading the newspapers lest the political gossip should disquiet him. On the Presi- dent's again calling him back to the office of Secretary of State, he replied that no circumstances would ever again tempt him to engage in anj-thing public! But, while all Europe was ablaze with war, and France in the throes of a bloody revolution and the principal theater of the conflict, a new Presidential election in this coinitry came on. John Adams was the Federal candi- date and Mr. Jefferson became the Republi- can candidate. The result of the election was the pi'omotion of the latter to the Vice- Presidency, while the former was chosen President. In this contest Mr. Jefferson really did not desire to have either office, he was " so weary " of party strife. He loved the retirement of home more than any other place on the earth. THOMAS JEFFEHSON. But for four long years his Vice-Presi- dency passed jo^-lessly awa}-, while the partisan strife between Federalist and Re- publican was ever growing hotter. The former party split and tlie result of the fourth general election was the elevation of Mr. Jefferson to the Presidenc}' ! with Aaron Burr as Vice-President. These men being at the head of a growing party, their election was hailed everywhere with joy- On the other hand, many of the Federalists turned pale, as they believed what a portion of the pulpit and the press had been preach- ing — that Jefferson was a " scoffing atheist," a "Jacobin," the "incarnation of all evil," " breathing threatening and slaughter! " Mr. Jefferson's inaugural address con- tained nothing but the noblest sentiments, expressed in fine language, and his personal behavior afterward exhibited the extreme of American, democratic simplicit}-. His disgust of European court etiquette grew upon him with age. He believed that General Washington was somewhat dis- trustful of the ultimate success of a popular Government, and that, imbued with a little admiration of the forms of a monarchical Government, he had instituted levees, birth- days, pompous meetings with Congress, etc. Jefferson was always polite, even to slaves everywhere he met them, and carried in his countenance the indications of an ac- commodating disposition. The political principles of tiie Jeffersoni- an party now swc|)t the country, and Mr. Jefferson himself swayed an influence which was never exceeded even by Washington. Under his administration, in 1803, the Lou- isiana purchase was made, for $15,000,000. the " Louisiana Territory " purchased com- prising all the land west of the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean. The 3'ear 1804 witnessed another severe loss in his family. His highly accomplished and most beloved daughter Marin sickened and died, causing as great grief in the stricken parent as it was possible for him to survive with an}' degree of sanity. The same year he was re-elected to tlie Presidenc}', with George Clinton as Vice- President. During his second term our relations with England became more com- plicated, and on June 22, 1807, near Hamp- ton Roads, the United States frigate Chesapeake was fired upon by the Brit- ish man-of-war Leopard, and was made to surrender. Three men were killed and ten wounded. Jefferson demanded repara- tion. England grew insolent. It became evident that war was determined upon by the latter power. More than 1,200 Ameri- cans were forced into the British service upon the high seas. Before any satisfactory solution was reached, Mr. Jefferson's Presidential term closed. Amid all these public excitements he thought constantly of the welfare of his family, and longfed for the time when he could return home to remain. There, at Monticello, his sub- sequent life was very similar to that of Washington at Mt. Vernon. His hospi- tality toward his numerous friends, indul- gence of his slaves, and misfortunes to his propert)-, etc., finally involved him in debt. For years his home resembled a fashion- able watering-place. During the summer, thirty-seven house servants were required I It was presided over by his daughter, Mrs, Randolph. Mr. Jefferson did much for the establish- ment of the University at Charlottesville, making it unsectarian, in keeping with the spirit of American institutions, but poverty and the feebleness of old age prevented him from doing what he would. He even went so far as to petition the Legislature for permission to dispose of some of his possessions bv lottery, in order to raise the neccssar}' funds for home expenses. It was granted ; but before the plan was carried out, Mr. Jefferson died, July 4, 1826, at 12:50 1'. M. 26 PRESIDENTS OF THE U.XITED STATES. ^^'AMES MADISON, the :^; lourth President of the ^$^ United States, iSog-'i/, .■■ was born at Port Con- ,^ . ;v^._ way, Prince George S.-Jl: Count}-, \'irginia, March i6, 1 75 1. His father, Colonel James Madison, was a wealthy planter, residing upon a very fine estate called " Montpelier," only twenty-fiye miles from the home of Thomas Jefferson at Monlicello. The closest j)ersonal and political at- taciiment existed between these illustrious men from their early youth until death. James was the eldest of a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters, all of whom attained maturity. His early edu- cation was conducted mostly at home, under a private tutor. Being naturally in- tellectual in his tastes, he consecrated him- self with unusual vigor to study. At a very early age he made considerable proficiency in the Greek, Latin, French and Spanish languages. In 1769 he entered Princeton College, New Jersey, of which the illus- trious Dr. Weatherspoon was then Presi- dent. He graduated in 1771, with a char- acter of the utmost purity, and a mind highly disciplined and stored with all the learning which embellished and gave effi- ciency to his subsequent career. After graduating he pursued a course of reading for several months, under the guidance of President Weatherspoon, and in 1772 re- turned to Virginia, where he continued in incessant study for two years, nominally directed to the law, but really including extended researches in theology, philoso- phy and general literature. The Church of England was the estab- lished church in Virginia, invested with all the prerogatives and immunities which it enjoyed in the fatherland, and other de- nominations labored under serious disabili- ties, the enforcement of which was lightly or wrongly characterized by them as per- secution. Madison took a prominent stand in behalf of the removal of all disabilities, repeatedly appeared in the court of his own county to defend the Baptist nonconform- ists, and was elected from Orange County to the Virginia Convention in the spring of 1766, when he signalized the beginning of his public career by procuring the passage of an amendment to the Declaration of Rights as prepared by George Mason, sub- stituting for " toleration" a more emphatic assertion of religious liberty. w / a.^'^' it'''v^ JOHN ^UINCr ADAMS. 41 no clients, but not a moment was lost. The second year passed away, still no clients, and still he was dependent upon his parents for support. Anxiously he awaited the third year. The reward now came. Cli- ents began to enter his office, and before the end of the year he was so crowded with business that all solicitude respecting a support was at an end. When Great Britain commenced war against France, in 1793, Mr. Adams wrote some articles, urging entire neutrality on the part of the United States. The view was not a popidar one. Many felt that as France had helped us, we were bound to help France. But President Washington coincided with Mr. Adams, and issued his proclamation of neutrality. His writings at this time in the Boston journals gave him so high a reputation, that in June, 1794, he was appointed by Washington resident Minister at the Netherlands. In July, 1797, he left The Hague to go to Port- ugal as Minister Plenipotentiary. Wash- ington at this time wrote to his father, John Adams: " Without intending to compliment the father or the mother, or to censure an}' others, I give it as my decided opinion, that Mr. Adams is the most valuable char- acter we have abroad; and there remains no doubt in mv mind tliat he will prove the ablest of our diplomatic corps." On his way to Portugal, upon his arrival in London, he met with dispatches direct- ing him to the court of Berlin, but request- ing him to remain in London mitil he sliould receive instructions. While waiting he was married to Miss Louisa Catherine John- son, to whom he had been previously en- gaged. Miss Johnson was a daughter of Mr. Joshua Johnson, American Consul in London, and was a lady endowed with that beauty and those accomplishments which fitted her to moye in the elevated sphere for which she was destined. \i\ July, 1799, having fulfilled all the pur- poses of his mission, Mr. Adams returned. In 1802 he was chosen to the Senate of Massachusetts from Boston, and then was elected Senator of the United States for six years from March 4, 1804. His reputation, his ability and his experience, placed him immediatel}' among the most prominent and influential members of that body. He sustained the Goyernment in its measures of resistance to the encroachments of Eng- land, destroying our commerce and insult- ing our flag. There was no man in America more familiar with the arrogance of the British court upon these points, and no one more resolved to present a firm resist- ance. This course, so truly patriotic, and which scarcely a voice will now be found to condemn, alienated him from the Fed- eral party dominant in Boston, and sub- jected him to censure. In 1805 Mr. Adams was chosen professor of rhetoric in Harvard College. His lect- ures at this place were subsequentl}' pub- lished. In 1809 he was sent as Minister to Russia. He was one of the commissioners that negotiated the treat}' of peace with Great Britain, signed December 24, 18 14, and he was appointed Minister to the court of St. James in 181 5. In 1817 he became Secretary of State in Mr. Monroe's cabinet in which position he remained eight years. Few will now contradict the assertion that the duties of that office were never more ably discharged. Probably the most im- portant measure which Mr. Adams con- ducted was the purchase of Florida from Spain for $5,000,000. The campaign of 1824 was an exciting one. Four candidates were in the field. Of the 260 electoral votes that were cast, Andrew Jackson received ninety-nine; John Quincy Adams, eighty-four; William H. Crawford, forty-one, and Henry Clay, thirty-seven. As there was no choice by the people, the question went to the House 42 PRESIDENTS OF THE UXITED STATES. of Representatives. Mr. Clay gave the vote of Kentucky to Mr. Adams, and he was elected. The friends of all disappointed candidates now combined in a venomous assault upon Mr. jVdams. There is nothing more dis- graceful in the past history of our countrv than the abuse which was poured in one uninterrupted stream upon this high- minded, upright, patriotic man. There was never an administration more pure in prin- ciples, more conscientiously devoted to the best interests of the countrv, than that of John Ouincy Adams; and never, perhaps, was there an administration more unscru- pulously assailed. Mr. Adams took his seat in the presidential chair resolved not to know any partisanship, but only to con- sult for the interests of the whole Republic, He refused to dismiss any man from of- fice for his poHtical views. If he was a faith- ful officer that was enough. Bitter must have been his disappointment to find that the Nation could not appreciate such conduct. Mr. Adams, in his public manners, was cold and repulsive; though with his per- sonal friends he was at times very genial. This chilling address very seriously de- tracted from his popularity. No one can read an impartial record of his administra- tion without admitting that a more noble example of uncompromising dignity can scarcely be found. It was stated publicly that Mr. Adams' administration was to be put down, " thougii it be as ])ure as the an- gels which stand at the right hand of the throne of God." Many of the active i)ar- ticipants in these scenes lived to regret the course they pursued. Some years after, Warren R. Davis, of South Carolina, turn- ing to Mr. Adams, then a member of the House of Representatives, said: " Well do I remember the enthusiastic zeal with which we reproached the admin- istration of that gentleman, and the ardor and vehemence with which we labored to bring in another. For the share I had in these transactions, and it was not a small one, I hope God will forgive mc, for I shall never forgh r myself. March 4, 1829, Mr. Adams retired from the Presidency and was succeeded by An- drew Jackson, the latter receiving 168 out of 261 electoral votes. John C. Calhoun was elected Vice-President. The slavery question now began to assume pretentious magnitude. Mr. Adams returned to Ouincy, and pursued his studies with una- bated zeal. But he was not long permittc.'d to remain in retirement. In November, 1830, he was elected to Congress. In this he recognized the principle that it is honor- able for the General of yesterday to act as Corporal to-day, if by so doing he can ren- der service to his countr}-. Deep as are our obligations to John Quincy Adams for his services as embassador, as Secretary of State and as President; in his capacity as legislator in the House of Representa- tives, he conferred benefits upon our land which eclipsed all the rest, and which can never be over-estimated. For seventeen years, until his death, he occupied the post of Representative, tow- ering above all his peers, ever ready to do brave battle for freedom, and winning the title of " the old man eloquent." Upon taking his seat in the House he announced that he should hold himself bound to no part}'. He was usually the first in his place in the morning, and the last to leave his seat in the evening. Not a measure could escape his scrutiny. The battle which he fought, almost singly, against the pro-slavery party in the Government, was sublime in its moral daring and heroism. For persisting in presenting petitions for the abolition of slavery, he was threatened with indictment by the Grand Jury, with expulsion from the House, with assassina- tion; but no threats could intimidate him, and his final triumph was complete. JOHN ^UINCr ADAMS. 43 On one occasion Mr. Adams presented a petition, signed by several women, against the annexation of Texas for the purpose of cutting it up into slave States. Mr. How- ard, of Maryland, said that these women discredited not only themselves, but their section of the country, by turning from their domestic duties to the conflicts of po- litical life. "Are women," exclaimed Mr. Adams, " to have no opinions or actions on subjects relating to the general welfare? Where did the gentleman get his principle? Did he find it in sacred history, — in the language of Miriam, the prophetess, in one of the noblest and sublime songs of triumph that ever met the human eye or ear ? Did the gentleman never hear of Deborah, to whom the children of Israel came up for judg- ment ? Has he forgotten the deed of Jael, who slew the dreaded enemy of her coun- try ? Has he forgotten Esther, who, by her petition saved her people and her coun- try? " To go from sacred history to profane, does the gentleman there find it ' discredita- ble ' for women to take an interest in politi- cal affairs? Has he forgotten the Spartan mother, who said to her son when going out to battle, ' My son, come back to me with thy shield, or upon thy shield ? ' Does he remember Cloelia and her hundred com- panions, who swam across the river unc^er a shower of darts, escaping from Porsena ? Has he forgotten Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi ? Does he not remember Por- tia, the wife of Brutus and the daughter of Cato ? " To come to later periods, what says the history, of our Anglo-Saxon ancestors ? To say nothing of Boadicea, the British heroine in the time of the Cassars, what name is more illustrious than that of Eliza- beth ? Or, if he will go to the continent, will he not find the names of Maria Theresa of Hungary, of the two Catherines of Prussia, and of Isabella of Castile, the pa- troness of Columbus ? Did she bring ' dis- credit ' on her sex by mingling in politics? " In this glowing strain Mr-. Adams si- lenced and overwhelmed his antagonists. In January, 1842, Mr. Adams presented a petition from forty-five citizens of Haver- hill, Massachusetts, praying for a peaceable dissolution of the Union. The pro-slavery party in Congress, who were then plotting the destruction of the Government, were aroused to a pretense of commotion such as even our stormy hall of legislation has rarely witnessed. They met in caucus, and, finding that the)- probably would not be able to expel Mr. Adams from the House drew up a series of resolutions, which, if adopted, would inflict upon him disgrace, equivalent to expulsion. Mi-. Adams had presented the petition, which was most re- spectfully worded, and had moved that it be referred to a committee instructed to re- port an answer, showing the reason why the prayer ought not to be granted. It was the 25th of January. The whole body of the pro-slaver}' party came crowd- ing together in the House, prepared to crush Mr. Adams forever. One of the num- ber, Thomas F. Marshall, of Kentucky, was appointed to read the resolutions, which accused Mr. Adams of high treason, of having insulted the Government, and of meriting expulsion; but for which deserved punishment, the House, in its great mercy, would substitute its severest censure. With the assumption of a very solemn and mag- isterial air, there being breathless silence in the audience, Mr. Marshall hurled the care- fully prepared anathemas at his victim. Mr. Adams stood alone, the wliole pro-slav- ery party against him. As soon as the resolutions were read, every eye being fixed upon him, that bold old man, whose scattered locks were whit- ened by sevent3'-five years, casting a wither- ing glance in the direction of his assailants, 44 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. in a clear, shrill tone, tremulous with sup- pressed emotion, said: " In reply to this audacious, atrocious charge of high treason, I call for the read- ing of the first paragraph of the Declaration of Independence. Read it ! Read it! and see what that says of the rights of a people to reform, to change, and to dissolve their Government.' The attitude, the manner, tlie tone, the words; the venerable old man, witii flash- ing eye and flushed ciicek, and whose very form seemed to expand under the inspiration of the occasion — all presented a scene over- flowing in its sublimitv. There was breath- less silence as that paragraph was read, in defense of whose principles our fathers had pledged their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor. It was a proud hour to Mr. Adams as the}' were all compelled to listen to the words: " That, to secure these rights, govern- ments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; and that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of those ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundations on such principles and organizing its powers in such form as shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness." That one sentence routed and baffled the foe. The heroic old man looked around upon the audience, and thundered out, " Read that again ! " It was again read. Tlien in a few fiery, logical words he stated his defense in terms which even prejudiced minds could not resist. His discomfited assailants made several attempts to rally. After a conflict of eleven days they gave up vanquished and their resolution was ig- nominiously laid upon the table. In January, 184G, when seventy -eight years of age, he took part in the great de- bate on tiie Oregon question, displaying intellectual vigor, and an extent and accu- racy of acquaintance with the subject that excited great admiration. On the 2 1 St of February, 1848, he rose on the floor of Congress with a paper in his hand to address the Speaker. Suddenly he fell, stricken by paralysis, and was caught in the arms of those around him. For a time he was senseless and was conveyed t.) a sofa in the rotunda. With reviving consciousness he opened his eyes, looked calmly around and said, " This is the end of earth." Then after a moment's pause, he added, " / am content." These were his last words, and he soon breathed his last, in the apartment beneath the dome of the capitol — the theater of his labors and his triumphs. In the language of h3-mnologv, he " died at his post;" he " ceased at once to work and live." ^'^J-^<^J:^l^^^e.-^<:=::=J^Ct^ ANDREW JACKSON. 47 ||PiiB^ii£,Ss®Bi^aiiJjs» 'undrew JACKSON, the seventh President ' of the United States, i829-'37, was born at ,,... the Waxhaw Settle. ---"-,v gu ment, Union Coun- '>i^ ty, North Carolina, March i6, 1767. His parents were Scotch-Irish, natives of Carrickfergus, who came to America in 1765, and settled -^(.nn-'^z on Twelve-Mile Creek, a trib- ^ili^ utary of the Catawba. His father, who was a poor farm laborer, died shortly before An- drew's birth, when his mother removed to Waxhaw, where some relatives resided. Few particulars of the childhood of Jack- son have been preserved. His education was of the most limited kind, and he showed no fondness for books. He grew up to be a tali, lank boy, with coarse hair and freck- led cheeks, with bare feet dangling from trousers too short for him, very fond of ath- letic sports, running, boxing and wrestling. He was generous to the \ounger and weaker boys, but very irascible and over- bearing with his equals and superiors. He was profane — a vice in which he surpassed all other men. The character of his mother he revered; and it was not until after her death that his predominant vices gained full strength. In 1780, at the age of thirteen, Andrew, or Andy, as he was called, with his brother Robert, volunteered to serve in the Revo- lutionary forces under General Gumter, and was a witness of the latter's defeat at Hang- ing Rock. In the following year the brothers were made prisoners, and confined in Camden, experiencing brutal treatment from their captors, and being spectators of General Green's defeat at Hobkirk Hill. Through their mother's exertions the bovs were exchanged while suffering from small- pox. In two da3'S Robert was dead, and Andy apparently dying. The strength of his constitution triumphed, and he regained health and vigor. As he was getting better, his mother heard the cry of anguish from the prison- ers whom the British held in Charleston, among whom were the sons of her sisters. She hastened to their relief, was attacked by fever, died and was buried where her grave could never be found. Thus Andrew Jackson, when fourteen years of age, was left alone in the world, without father, mother, sister or brother, and without one dollar which he could call his own. He 48 PRES/DEJVTS OF THE UNITED STATES. soon entered a saddler's shop, and labored diligently for six months. But gradually, as health returned, he became more and more a wild, reckless, lawless boy. He gambled, drank and was regarded as about the worst character that could be found. He now turned schoolmaster. He could teach the alphabet, perhaps the multiplica- tion table; and as he was a very bold boy, it is possible he might have ventured to teach a little writing. But he soon began to think of a profession and decided to study law. With a very slender purse, and on the back of a ver}' fine horse, he set out for Salisbury, North Carolina, where he entered the law office of Mr. McCay. Here he remained two years, professedly studying law. He is still remembered in traditions of Salisbiirv, which say: " Andrew Jackson was the most roaring, rollicking, horse-racing, card-plaving, mis- chievous fellow that ever lived in Salisbury. He did not trouble the law-books much." Andrew was now, at the age of twent}', a tall 3^oung man, being over six feet in height. He was slender, remarkabh' grace- ful and dignified in his manners, an exquis- ite horseman, and developed, amidst his loathesome profanity and multiform vices, a vein of rare magnanimity. His temper was fiery in the extreme; but it was said of him that no man knew better than Andrew Jackson when to get angry and when not. In 1786 he was admitted to the bar^ and two years later removed to Nashville, in what was then the western district of North Carolina, with the appointment of so- licitor, or public prosecutor. It was an of- fice of little honor, small cmoliuuent and great peril. Few men could be found to accept it. And now Andrew Jackson commenced vigorously to practice law. It was an im- portant part of his business to collect debts. It required nerve. During the first seven years of his residence in those wilds he traversed the almost pathless forest between Nashville and Jonesborough, a distance of 200 miles, twenty-two times. Hostile In- dians were constantly on the watch, and a man was liable at any moment to be shot down in his own field. Andrew Jackson was just the man for this service — a wild, daring, rough backwoodsman. Daily he made hair-breadth escapes. He seemed to bear a charmed life. Boldly, alone or with few companions, he traversed the forests, encountering all perils and triumphing over all. In 1790 Tennessee became a Territory, and Jackson was appointed, by President Washington, United States Attorney for the new district. In 1791 he married Mi's. Rachel Robards (daughter of Colonel John Donelson), whom he supposed to have been divorced in that year by an act of the Leg- islature of Virginia. Two years after this Mr. and Mrs. Jackson learned, to their great surprise, that Mr. Robards had just obtained a divorce in one of the courts of Kentucky, and that the act of the Virginia Legislature was not final, but conditional. To remedy the irregularity as much as pos- sible, a new license was obtained and the marriage ceremony was again performed. It proved to be a marriage of rare felic- ity. Probablv there never was a more affectionate union. However rough Mr. Jackson might have been abroad, he was always gentle and tender at home; and through all the vicissitudes of their lives, he treated Mrs. Jackson with the most chival- ric attention. Under the circumstances it was not un- natural that the facts in the case of this marriage were so misrepresented b}' oppo- nents in the political campaigns a quarter or a centurv later as to become the basis of serious charges against Jackson's moral- ity which, however, have been satisfactorily attested by abimdant evidence. Jackson was untiring in his duties as ANDREW JACKSON. 49 United States Attorney, which demanded frequent journeys through the wilderness and exposed him to Indian hostiHties. He acquired considerable property in land, and obtained such influence as to be chosen a member of the convention which framed the Constitution for the new State of Ten- nessee, in 1796, and in that year was elected its first Representative in Congress. Albert Gallatin thus describes the first appearance of the Hon. Andrew Jackson in the House: "A tall, lank, uncouth-looking personage, with locks of hair hanging over his face and a cue down his back, tied with an eel skin; his dress singular, his manners and deport- ment those of a rough backwoodsman." Jackson was an earnest advocate of the Democratic party. Jefferson was his idol. He admired Bonaparte, loved France and hated England. As Mr. Jackson took his seat. General Washington, whose second term of office was just expiring, delivered his last speech to Congress. A committee drew up a complimentary address in reply. Andrew Jackson did not approve the ad- dress and was one of twelve who voted against it. Tennessee had fitted out an expedition against the Indians, contrary to the policy of the Government. A resolution was intro- duced that the National Government should pay the expenses. Jackson advo- cated it and it was carried. This rendered him very popular in Tennessee. A va- cancy chanced soon after to occur in the Senate, and Andrew Jackson was chosen United States Senator by the State of Ten- nessee. John Adams was then President and Thomas Jefferson, Vice-President. In 1798 Mr. Jackson returned to Tennes- see, and resigned his seat in the Senate. Soon after he was chosen Judge of the Su- preme Court of that State, with a salary of $600. This office he held-six years. It is said that his decisions, though sometimes ungrammatical, were generally right. He did not enjoy his seat upon the bench, and renounced the dignity in 1804. About this time he was chosen Major-General of mihtia, and lost the title of judge in that of General. When he retired from the Senate Cham- ber, he decided to try his fortune through trade. He purchased a stock of goods in Philadelphia and sent them to Nashville, where he opened a store. He lived about thirteen miles from Nashville, on a tract of land of several thousand acres, mostly un- cultivated. He used a small block-house for a store, from a narrow window of which he sold goods to the Indians. As he had an assistant his office as judge did not materially interfere with his business. As to slavery, born in the midst of it. the idea never seemed to enter his mind that it could be wrong. He eventually became an extensive slave owner, but he was one of the most humane and gentle of masters. In 1804 Mr. Jackson withdrew from pol- itics and settled on a plantation which he called the Hermitage, near Nashville. He set up a cotton-gin, formed a partnership and traded in New Orleans, making the voyage on flatboats. Through his hot tem- per he became involved in several quarrels and "affairs of honor," during this period, in one of which he was severely wounded, but had the misfortune to kill his opponent, Charles Dickinson. For a time this affair greatly injured General Jackson's popular- ity. The verdict then was, and continues to be, that General Jackson was outra- geously wrong. If he subsequently felt any remorse he never revealed it to an3-one. In 1805 Aaron Burr had visited Nash- ville and been a guest of Jackson, with whom he corresponded on the subject of a war with Spain, which was anticipated and desired by them, as well as by the people of the Southwest generally. Burr repeated his visit in September, 1806, when he engaged in the celebrated 5° PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. combinations whicii led to his trial for trea- son. He was warmly received by Jackson, at whose instance a public ball was given in his honor at Nashville, and contracted with the latter for boats and provisions. Earlv in 1807, when Burr had been pro- claimed a traitor by President Jefferson, volunteer forces for the Federal service were organized at Nashville under Jack- son's command; but his energy and activ- ity did not shield him from suspicions of connivance in the supposed treason. He was summoned to Richmond as a witness in Burr's trial, but was not called to the stand, probablv because he was out-spoken in his partisanship. On the outbreak of the war with Great Britain in 1812, Jackson tendered his serv- ices, and in January, 181 3, embarked for New Orleans at the head of the Tennessee contingent. In March he received an or- der to disband his forces; but in Septem- ber he again took the field, in the Creek war, and in conjunction with his former partner, Colonel Coffee, inflicted upon the Indians the memorable defeat at Talladega, Emuckfaw and Tallapoosa. In May, 1814, Jackson, who had now ac- quired a national reputation, was appointed a Major-General of the United States army, and commenced a campaign against the British in Florida. He conducted the de- fense at Mobile, September 15, seized upon Pensacola, November 6, and immediately transported the bulk of his troops to New Orleans, then threatened by a powerful naval force. Martial law was declared in Louisiana, the State militia was called to arms, engagements with the British were fought December 23 and 28, and after re-en- forcements had been received on both sides *iie famous victory of January 8, 18 15, -rowned Jackson's fame as a soldier, and made him the typical American hero of the first half of the nineteenth century. In 181 7-' 1 8 Jackson conducted the war against the Seminoles of Florida, during which he seized upon Pensacola and e.\e- cutcd by courtmartial two British subjects, Arbuthnot and Ambrister acts which might easily have involved the United States in war both with Spain and Great Britain. Fortunately the peril was averted by the cession of Florida to the United States; and Jackson, wlio had escajied a trial for the irregularity of his conduct only through a division of opinion in Mon- roe's cabinet, was appointed in 1821 Gov- ernor of the new Territory. Soon after he declined the appointment of minister to Mexico. In 1823 Jackson was elected to the United States Senate, and nominated by the Ten- nessee Legislature for the Presidency. This candidacy, though a matter of surprise, and even merryment, speedily became popular, and in 1824, when the stormy electoral can- vas resulted in the choice of John Quincy Adams bv the House of Representatives, General Jackson received the largest popu- lar vote among the four candidates. In 1828 Jackson was triumphantly elected President over Adams after a campaign of unparalleled bitterness. He was inaugu- rated March 4, 1S29, and at once removed from office all the incumbents belonging to the opposite party — a procedure new to American politics, but which naturall}- be- came a precedent. His first term was characterized b\' quar- rels between the Vice-President, Calhoun, and the Secretary of State, Van Buren, at- tended by a cabinet crisis originating in scandals connected with the name of Mrs. General Eaton, wife of the Secretary of War; b}- the beginning of his war upon the United States Bank, and by his vigorous action against the partisans of Calhoun, who, in South Carolina, threatened to nullify the acts of Congress, establishing a protective tariff. In the Presidential campaign of 1832 ANDREW JACKSON. SI Jackson received 219 out of 288 electoral votes, his competitor being Mr. Clay, while Mr. Wirt, on an Anti-Masonic platform, received the vote of Vermont alone. In 1833 President Jackson removed the Gov- ernment deposits from tlie United States bank, thercb}- incnrring a vote of censure from the Senate, which was, however, ex- punged four vears later. Duringthis second term of office the Cherokees, Choctawsand Creeks were removed, not without diffi- culty, from Georgia, Alabama and Missis- sippi, to the Indian Territory; the National debt was extinguished; Arkansas and Michigan were admitted as States to the Union; the Seminole war was renewed; the anti-slavery agitation first acquired impor- tance; the Mormon delusion, which had organized in 1829, attained considerable proportions in Ohio and Missouri, and the country experienced its greatest pecuniary panic. Railroads with locomotive propulsion were introduced into America during Jack- son's first term, and had become an impor- tant element of national life before the close of his second term. For manv rea- sons, therefore, the administration of Presi- dent Jackson formed an era in American history, political, social and industrial. He succeeded in effecting the election of his friend Van Buren as his successor, re- tired from the Presidency March 4, 1837, and led a tranquil life at the Hermitage until his death, which occurred June 8, 1845. Diiring his closing years he was a pro- fessed Christian and a member ot the Pres- byterian church. No American of this centurv has been the subject of such oppo- site judgments. He was loved and hated with equal vehemence during his life, but at the present distance of time from his career, while opinions still vary as to the merits of his public acts, few of his country- men will question that he was a warm- hearted, brave, patriotic, honest and sincere man. If his distinguishing qualities were not such as constitute statesmanship, in the highest sense, he at least never pretended to other merits than such as were written to his credit on the page of American his- torv — not attempting to disguise the de- merits which were equally legible. The majority of his countrymen accepted and honored him, in spite of all that calumny as well as truth could allege against him. His faults may therefore be truly said to have been those of his time; his magnifi- cent virtues may also, with the same jus- tice, be considered as typical of a state of societ)' which has nearly passed away. 52 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. M ^'1 '^..^-: -C ^ir,;^?^.,r^^.:^^^i?r^^'r. j'HH--'^/:^?^^=^ ^=^-^=VF^^ f^^=^^=^^^ ^^='^^=^£^i=^^^ V:^.?^^: /^^p.f^l^'^OMN TYLER, the ten H- •it.lf/ ■■ Prf>cirlpr>f nf fhf» TTnit/ tfe«ft th President of the United States, was born in Charles City County, V^irginia, March 29, 1790. His father. Judge John Tvler, possessed large landed estates in Virginia, and was one of the most distinguished men of his day, filling the offices of vSpeaker of the House of Delegates, Judge of the Su- preme Court and Governor of the State. At the early age of twelve young John entered William and Mary College, and graduated with honor when but seventeen years old. He then closely applied himself to the study of law, and at nineteen years of age commenced the prac- tice of his profession. When only twenty- one he was elected to a seat in the State Legislature. He acted with the Demo- cratic party and advocated the measures of Jefferson and Madison. For five years he was elected to tiie Legislature, receiving nearly the luianimous vote of his county. When but twenty-six years of age he was elected a member of Congress. He advo- cated a strict construction of the Constitu- tion and the most careful vigilance over State rights. He was soon compelled to resign his seat in Congress, owing to ill health, but afterward took his seat in the State Legislature, where he exerted a powerful influence in promoting public works of great utility. In 1825 Mr. Tyler was chosen Governor of his State — a high honor, for Virginia had many able men as comjietitors for the prize. His administration was signally a successful one. He urged forward inter- nal improvements and strove to remove sectional jealousies. His popularity secured his re-election. In 1827 he was elected L^nited States Senator, and upon taking his seat joined the ranks of the opposition. He opposed the tariff, voted against the bank as unconstitutional, opposed all restrictions upon slavery, resisted all projects of inter- nal improvements by the General Govern- ment, avowed his sympathy with Mr. Cal- houn's views of nullification, and declared that General Jackson, by his opposition to the nullifiers, had abandoned the principles of the Democratic party. Such was Mr. Tyler's record in Congress. This hostilit)' to Jackson caused Mr. Tyler's retirement from the Senate, after his election to a second term. He soon after removed to Williamsburg for the better education of his children, and again took his seat in the Legislature. xj(rhyrc JOHN TVLER. 63 In 1839 he was sent to the National Con- vention at Harrisburg to nominate a Presi- dent. General Harrison received a majority of votes, niuch to the disappointment of the South, who had wished for Henry Cla3-. In order to conciliate the Southern Whigs, John Tyler was nominated for Vice-Presi- dent. Harrison and Tyler were inaugu- rated March 4, 1841. In one short month from that time President Harrison died, and Mr. Tyler, to his own surprise as well as that of the nation, found himself an occupant of the Presidential chair. His position was an exceedingly difficult one, as he was opposed to the main principles of the party which had brought him into power. General Harrison had selected a Whig cabinet. Should he retain tliem, and thus surround himself witli councilors whose views were antagonistic to his own? or should he turn against the party that had elected him, and select a cabinet in harmony with himself? This was his fear- ful dilemma. President Tyler deserves more charity than he has received. He issued an address to the people, which gave general satisfac- tion. He retained the cabinet General Harrison had selected. His veto of a bill chartering a new national bank led to an open quarrel with the party which elected him, and to a resignation of the entire cabinet, except Daniel Webster, Secretarj^ of State. President Tyler attempted to conciliate. He appointed a new cabinet, leaving out all strong party men, but the Whig members of Congress were not satisfied, and they published a manifesto September 13, break- ing off ail political relations. The Demo- crats had a majoritv in the House ; the Whigs in the Senate. Mr. Webster soon found it necessary to resign, being forced out by the pressure of his Whig friends. April 12, 1844, President Tyler concluded, through Mr. Calhoun, a treaty for the an- nexation of Texas, which was rejected by the Senate ; but he effected his object in the closing days of his administration by the passage of the joint resolution of March i 1845. He was nominated for the Presidency b)" an informal Democratic Convention, held at Baltimore in May, 1844, but soon with- drew from the canvass, perceiving that he had not gained the confidence of the Demo- crats at large. Mr. T3-ler's administration was particu- larly unfortunate. No one was satisfied. Whigs and Democrats alike assailed him. Situated as he was, it is more than can be expected of human nature that he should, in all cases, have acted in the wisest manner ; but it will probably be the verdict of all candid men, in a careful review of his career, that John Tyler was placed in a position of such difficulty that he could not pursue an)' course which would not expose him to severe censure and denunciation. In 18 1 3 Mr. Tyler married Letitia Chris- tian, who bore him three sons and three daughters, and died in Washington in 1842. June 26, 1844, he contracted a second mar- riage with Miss Julia Gardner, of New York. He lived in almost complete retire- ment from politics until February, 1861, when he was a member of the abortive " peace convention," held at Washington, and was chosen its President. Soon after he renounced his allegiance to the United States and was elected to the Confederate Congress. He died at Richmond, January 17, 1862, after a short illness. Unfortunately for his memory the name of John Tyler must forever be associated with all the misery of that terrible Re- bellion, whose cause he openly espoused. It is with sorrow that history records that a President of the United States died while defending the flag of rebellion, which was arrayed against the national banner in deadly warfare. 64 PltESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. ^^- --■-'* ^',^^AMES KNOX POLK, ' 'ri; the eleventh President of f#» the United States, 1845- '49, was born in Meck- Icnburj^ County, North CaroHna, November 2, 1795. He was the eldest son of a family of six sons and four daug'hters, and was a grand-nephew of Colonel Thomas Polk, celebrated in connection with the Meck- lenburg Declaration of In- dependence. In 1806 his father, Samuel Polk, emigrated with his fam- ily two or three hundred miles west to the valley of the Duck River. He was a sur- ve\'or as well as farmer, and gradually in- creased in wealtii until he became one of the leading men of the region. In the common schools James rapidly be- came proficient in ail thecouimon brandies of an English education. In 1813 he was sent to Murfreesboro Academy, and in the autumn of 181 5 entered the sophomore class in the University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill, graduating in 1818. After a short season of recreation he went to Nash- ville and entered the law (jffice of Felix \ Grundy. As soon as he had his finished i legal studies and been admitted to the bar, he returned to Columbia, the shire town of Maur}' County, and opened an office. James K. Polk ever adhered to the polit- ical faith of his father, which was that of a Jeffersonian Republican. In 1823 he was elected to the Legislature of Tennessee. As a "strict constructionist," he did not think that the Constitution empowered the Gen- eral Government to carry on a system of internal improvements in the States, but deemed it important that it should have that power, and wished the Constitution amended that it might be conferred. Sub-, sequently, however, he became alarmed lest the General Government become so strong as to undertake to interfere with slavery. He therefore gave all his influence to strengthen the State governments, and to check the growth of the central power. In January, 1824, Mr. Polk married Miss Mary Childress, of Rutherford County, Ten- nessee. Had some one then whispered to him that he was destined to become Presi- dent of the United States, and that he must select for his companion one who would adorn that distinguished station, he could not have made a more fitting choice. She was truly a lady of rare beauty and culture. In the fall of 1825 Mr. Polk was chosen a member of Congress, and was continu- ' f-X'M- JAMES K. POLK. ously re-elected until 1839. He then with- drew, only that he might accept the gfu be material chair of his native State. He was a warm friend of General Jackson, who had been defeated in the electoral contest by John Oiiincy Adams. This latter gentleman had just taken his seat in the Presidential chair when Mr. Polk took his seat in the H(juse of Representatives. He immediately united himself with the opponents of Mr. Adams, and was soon regarded as the leader of the Jackson party in the House. The four years of Mr. Adams' adminis- tration passed away, and General Jackson took tne Presidential chair. INIr. Polk had now become a man of great influence in Congress, and was chairman of its most important committee — that of Wa3's and Means. Eloquently he sustained General Jackson in all his measures — in his hostility to internal improvements, to the banks, and to the tariff. Eight years of General Jack- son's administration passed away, and the powers he had wielded passed into the hands of Martin Van Buren ; and still Mr. Polk remained in the House, the advocate of that type of Democracy which those distinguished men upheld. During five sessions of Congress Mr. Polk was speaker of the House. He per- formed his arduous duties to general satis- faction, and a unanimous vote of thanks to him was passed by the House as he with- drew, March 4, 1839. He was elected Governor by a large majority, and took the oath of office at Nashville, October 14, 1839. He was a candidate for re-election in 1 84 1, but was defeated. In the mean- time a wonderful revolution had swept over the country. W. H. Harrison, the Whig candidate, had been called to the Presiden- tial chair, and in Tennessee the Whig ticket had been carried by over 12,000 majority. Under these circumstances Mr. Polk's suc- cess was hopeless. Still he canvassed the State with his Whig competitor, Mr. Jones, traveling in the most friendly manner to- gether, often in the same carriage, and at one time sleeping in the same bed. Mr. Jones was elected by 3.000 majority. And now the question of the annexation of Texas to our countr}' agitated the whole land. When this question became national Mr. Polk, as the avowed chamjjion of an- nexation, became the Presidential candidate of the pro-slavery wing of the Democratic party, and George M. Dallas their candi- date for the Vice-Presidency. They were elected by a large majority, and were in- augurated March 4, 1845. President Polk formed an able cabinet, consisting of James Buchanan, Robert J. Walker, William L. Marcy, George Ban- croft, Cave Johnson and John Y. Mason. The Oregon boundary' question was settled, the Department of the Interior was created, the low tariff of 1846 was carried, the financial system of the Government was reorganized, the Mexican war was con- ducted, which resulted in the acquisition of California and New Mexico, and had far- reaching C(jnsequences upon the later fort- unes of tiie republic. Peace was made. We had wrested from Mexico territory equal to four times the empire of France, and five times that of Spain. In the prose- cution of this war we expended 20,000 lives and more than $100,000,000. Of this money $15,000,000 were paid to Mexico. Declining to seek a renomination, Mr. Polk retired from the Presidency March 4, 1849, when he was succeeded by General Zachary Ta3dor. He retired to Nashville, and died there June 19, 1849, '" the fift)^- fourth year of his age. His funeral was at- tended the following day, in Nashville, with every demonstration of respect. He left no children. Without being possessed of extraordinary talent, Mr. Polk was a capable administrator of public affairs, and irre- proachable in private life. 68 PRESIDENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. ; P^tigit^l'l^'^t^'Sat: 'gff)^fe'>^^'^%^'^^36o,752, against 1,219,962 for Cass and Butler, and 291,342 for Van Buren and Adams. General Taylor was inaugurated March 4, 1849. The free and slave States being then equal in number, the struggle for supremacy on the part of the leaders in Congress was violent and bitter. In the summer of 1849 California adopted in convention a Consti- tution prohibiting slavery within its borders. Taylor advocated the immediate admission of California with her Constitution, and the postponement of the question as to the other Territories until they could hold conven- tions and decide for themselves whether slavery should exist within their borders. This policy ultimately prevailed through the celebrated " Compromise Measures" of Henr}' Clay; but not during the life of the brave soldier and patricjt statesman. July 5 he was taken suddenly ill with a bilious fever, which proved fatal, his death occur- ring July 9, 1850. One of his daughters married Colonel W. W. S. Bliss, his Adju- tant-General and Chief of Staff in Florida and Mexico, and Private Secretary during his Presidency. Another daughter was married to Jefferson Davis. PRES/DENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. n t ■■ 1 11 n 1 11 1 1 11 1 " " ' I n 1 1 T n 1 1 1 1 n t ' [ " ' I ' M M M I ' 1 n i i M ' m / w I .n I ' It ! ' n I ' IT ' f 1 '^ ) , i " ^Mm^^^ I LLARD FILL- ^ MORE, the thir- ' 1^3; teenth President of the United States, i850-'3, was born in Summer Hill, Cayuga County, New York, Janu- ary 7, i8oo. He was of New England ancestry, and his educational advantages were limited. He early learned the clothiers' trade, but spent all his leisure time in study. At nineteen years of age he was induced b>' Judge Walter Wood to abandon his trade and commence the study of law. Upon learning that the young man was entirely destitute of means, he took him into his own office and loaned him such money as he needed. That he might not be heavily burdened with debt, young Fillm.ore taught school during the winter months, and in various other ways helped himself along. At the age of twenty-three he was ad- mitted to the Court of Common Pleas, and commenced the practice of his profession in the village of Aurora, situated on the eastern bank of the Cayuga Lake. In 1825 he married Miss Abigail Powers, daughter of Rev. Lemuel Powers, a lady of great moral worth. In 1825 he took his seat in the House of Assembly of his native State, as Representative from Erie County, wiiither he had recently moved. Though he had never taken a very active part in politics his vote and his sym- pathies were with the Whig party. The State was then Democratic, but his cour- tesv, ability and integrity won the respect of his associates. In 1832 he was elected to a seat in the United States Congress. At the close of his term he returned to his law practice, and in two years more he was again elected to Congress. He now began to have a national reputa- tion. His labors were very arduous. To draft resolutions in the committee room, and then to defend them against the most skillful opponents on the floor of the House requires readiness of mind, mental resources and skill in debate such as few possess. Weary with these exhausting labors, and pressed bv the claims of his private affairs, Mr. Fillmore wrote a letter to his constitu- ents and declined to be a candidate foi' re- election. Notwithstanding this ccmmuni- 'U. MILLARD FILLMORE. 75 cation his friends met in convention and renominated him b}' acclamation. Though gratified by this proof of their appreciation of his labors he adhered to his resolve and returned to his home. In 1847 ^Ji"- Fillmore was elected to the important office of comptroller of the State. In entering upon the very responsible duties which this situation demanded, it was nec- essary for him to abandon his profession, and he removed to the city of Albany. In this year, also, the Whigs were looking around to find suitable candidates for the President and Vice-President at the ap- proaching election, and the names of Zach- ary Taylor and Millard Fillmore became the rallying cry of the Whigs. On the 4th of March, 1849, General Taylor was inaug- urated President and Millard Fillmore Vice-President of the United States. The great question of slavery had as- sumed enormous proportions, and perme- ated every subject that was brought before Congress. It was evident that the strength of our institutions was to be severely tried. July 9, 1850, President Taylor died, and, by the Constitution, Vice-President Fillmore became President of the United States. The agitated condition of the country brought questions of great delicacy before him. He was bound by his oath of office to execute the laws of the United States. One of these laws was understood to be, that if a slave, escaping from bondage, should reach a free State, the United States was bound to do its utmost to capture him and return him to his master. Most Chris- tian men loathed this law. President Fill- more felt bound by his oath rigidly to see it enforced. Slavery was organizing armies to invade Cuba as it had invaded Texas, and annex it to the United States. Presi- dent Fillmore gave all the influence of his exalted station against the atrocious enter- prise. Mr. Fillmore had serious difficulties to contend with, since the opposition had a majority in both Houses. He did every- thing in his power to conciliate the South, but the pro-slavery party in that section felt the inadequency of all measures of tran- sient conciliation. The population of the free States was so rapidly increasing over that of the slave States, that it was inevita- ble that the power of the Government should soon pass into the hands of the free States. The famous compromise measures were adopted under Mr. Fillmore's admin- istration, and the Japan expedition was sent out. March 4, 1853, having served one term. President Fillmore retired from office. He then took a long tour through the South, where he met with quite an enthusiastic reception. In a speech at Vicksburg, al- luding to the rapid growth of the country, he said: " Canada is knocking for admission, and Mexico would be glad to come in, and without saying whether it would be right or wrong, we stand with open arms to re- ceive them; for it is the manifest destin}' of this Government to embrace the whole North American Continent." In 1855 Mr. Fillmore went to Europe where he was received with those marked attentions which his position and character merited. Returning to this country in 1856 he was nominated for the Presidency by the "Know-Nothing" party. Mr. Bu- chanan, the Democratic candidate was the successful competitor. Mr. Fillmore ever afterward lived in retirement. Dur- ing the conflict of civil war he was mostly silent. It was generally supposed, how- ever, that his sympathy was with the South- ern Confederacy. He kept aloof from the conflict without any words of cheer to the one party or the other. For this reason he was forgotten by both. He died of paralysis, in Buffalo, New York, March 8, 1874. 76 PRESIDENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. P^7T7J7J#?^??? ???P?? ^r7^ ^J'^ltlJ oro-slaver3'' party, with which he had ever been allied. He declined to do anything, either by voice or pen, to strengthen the hands of the National Government. He resided in Concord until his death, which occurixd in October, 1869. He was one t)f the most genial and social of men, generous to a fault, and contributed liberally of his moderate means for the alleviation of suf- fering and want. He was an honored communicant of the Episcopal church. So P/iES/DEXTS OF THE UXITED STATES. T*^^^ f*l'^^'^?*l'^*l'^^^??^'^ " *^^x'^<^<^f^<^C^eSf A\. EERSgrSSITEEl^KE'^^fc^g^g^^^g^iEi^^P^i^i^yrSEg: \ ai^\ i\ ( ii;:?5 IS f rafu\i^r :AVtY>^| AMES BUCHANAN, the fifteenth President of the United States. 1857-61, was born in Franklin C o u n t V, Penns3lvania, April 23, 1791. The ])Iace where his father's c a b i n stood was called -Stony Batter, and it was situated in a wild, romantic spot, in a gorge of mount- ains, with towering sum- mits rising all around. He was of Irish ancestry, his father having emigrated in- 1783, with ver}- little prop- erty, save his own strong arms. James remained in his secluded home for eight years enjoying very few social or intellectual advantages. His parents were industrious, frugal, prosperous and intelli- gent. In 1799 his father removed to Mer- cersburg, where James was placed in school and commenced a course in English, Greek and Latin. His progress was rapid and in 1801 he entered Dickinson College at Carlisle. Here he took his stand among the first scholars in the institution, and was able to master the most abstruse subjects with facilit}'. In 1809 he graduated with the highest honors in his class. He was then eighteen years of age, tall, graceful and in vigorous health, fond of athletic sports, an unerring shot and en- livened with an exuberant flow of animal spirits. He immediately commenced the study of law in the city of Lancaster, and was admitted to the bar in 1812. He rose very rapidly in his profession and at once took undisputed stand with the ablest law- yers of the State. When but twenty-six years of age, unaided by counsel, he suc- cessfully defended before the State Senate one of the Judges of the State, who was tried upon articles of impeachment. At the age of thirty it was generally admitted that he stood at the head of the bar, and there was no lawyer in the State who had a more extensive or lucrative practice. In 181 2, just after Mr. Buchanan had entered upon the practice of the law, our second war with England occurred. With all his powers he sustained the Govern- ment, eloquently urging the rigorous pros- ecution of the war; and even enlisnng as a private soldier to assist in repelling the British, who had sacked Washington and were threatening Baltimore. He was at that time a Federalist, but when the Con- stitution was adopted by both parties, Jefferson truly said, " We are all Federal- ists; we are all Republicans." The opposition of the Federalists to the war with England, and the alien and sedi- ^7ne^ yz^&c^i'^^ yAA/ES BUCHANAN. 8.^ tion laws of John Adams, brought the party into dispute, and the name of Federalist became a reproach. Mr. Buchanan almost immediately upon entering Congress began to incline more and more to the Repub- licans. In the stormy Presidential election of 1824, in which Jackson, Clay, Crawford and John Quincy Adams were candidates, Mr. Buchanan espoused the cause of Gen- eral Jackson and unrelentingly opposed the administration of Mr. Adams. Upon his elevation to the Presidency, General Jackson appointed Mr. Buchanan, minister to Russia. Upon his return in 1833 lie was elected to a seat in tiie United States Senate. He there met as his associates, Webster, Clay, Wright and Calhoun. He advocated the measures proposed by Presi- dent Jackson of making reprisals against France, and defended the course of the Pres- ident in his unprecedented and wholesale removals from office of those who were not the supporters of his administration. Upon this question he was brought mto direct col- lision with Henry Clay. In the discussion of the question respecting the admission of Michigan and Arkansas into the Union, Mr. Buchanan defined his position by saying: " The older I grow, the more I am in- clined to be what is called a State-rights man." M. de Tocqueville, in his renowned work upon " Democracy in America," foresaw the trouble which was inevitable from the doctrine of State sovereignty as held by Calhoun and Buchanan. He was con- vinced that the National Government was losing that strength which was essential to its own existence, and that the States were assuming powers which threatened the perpetuity of the Union. Mr. Buchanan received the book in the Senate and de- clared the fears of De Tocqueville to be groundless, and yet he lived to sit in the Presidential chair and see State after State, in accordance with his own views of State rights, breaking from the Union, thus crumbling our Republic into ruins; while the unhappy old man folded his arms in despair, declaring that the National Consti- tution invested him with no power to arrest the destruction. Upon Mr. Polk's accession to the Presi- dency, Mr. Buchanan became Secretary of State, and as such took his share of the responsibility in the conduct of the Mexi- can war. At the close of Mr. Polk's ad- ministration, Mr. Buchanan retired to pri- vate life; but his intelligence, and his great ability as a statesman, enabled him to exert a powerful influence in National affairs. Mr. Pierce, upon his election to the Presidency, honored Mr. Buchanan with the mission to England. In the year 1856 the National Democratic convention nomi- nated Mr. Buchanan for the Presidency. The political conflict was one of the most severe in which our country has ever en- gaged. On the 4th of March, 1857, Mr. Buchanan was inaugurated President. His cabinet were Lewis Cass, Howell Cobb, J. B. Floyd, Isaac Toucey, Jacob Thomp- son, A. V. Brown and J. S. Black. The disruption of the Democratic party, in consequence of the manner in which the issue of the nationality of slavery was pressed by the Southern wing, occurred at the National convention, held at Charleston in April, i860, for the nomination of Mr. Buchanan's successor, when the majority of Southern delegates withdrew upon the passage of a resolution declaring that the constitutional status of slavery should be determined by the Supreme Court. In the next Presidential canvass Abra- ham Lincoln was nominated by the oppo- nents of Mr. Buchanan's administration. Mr. Buchanan remained in Washington long enough to see his successor installed and then retired to his home in Wheatland. He died June i, 1868, aged seventy-seven years. ^4 PKBS/DENTS OF THE VNITED STATES. B R A H A M LIN- COLN, the sixteenth President o[ the United States, iS6i-'5, ^^rt , was born February ^/TT^I*,^ 12, 1809, in Larue ^•'■' (then Hardin) Countv, Kentucky, in a cabin on Nolan Creei<, three miles west of Iludgensviile. His parents w ere Thomas and Nancy (Hanks) Lincoln. Of his an- cestry and early years the little that is known may best be g^iyen in his own language : " My parents were both born in Virginia, of un- distinguished families — second families, per- haps 1 should say. My mother, who died in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of Hanks, some of whom now remain in Adams, and others in ^Licon County, Illinois. My paterna' grandfather, Abra- ham Lincoln, emigrated from Rockbridge County, Virginia, to Kentucky in 1781 or 1782, where, a year or two later, he was killed by Indians — not in battle, but by stealth, when he was laboring to open a farm in tiic forest. His ancestors, who were Quakers, went to Virginia from Berks County, Pennsylvania. An effort to iden- tify them with the New England family of the same name ended in nothing more defi- nite than a similarity of Christian names in both families, such as Enoch, Levi, Mor- decai, Solomon, Abraham and the like. My father, at the death of his father, was but six years of age, and he grew up, liter- ally, without education. He removed from Kentucky to what is now Spencer County, Indiana, in my eighth year. We reached our new home about the time the State came into the Union. It was a wild region, with bears and other wild animals stiK in the woods. There I grew to manhood. " There were some schools, so called, but no qualification was ever required of a teacher beyond ' readin', writin', and cipher- in' to the rule of three.' If a straggler, sup- posed to understand Latin, happened to sojourn in the neighborhood, he was looked upon as a wizard. There was absolutely nothing to excite ambition for education. Of course, when I came of age I did not know much. Still, somehow, I could read, write and cipher to the rule of three, and that was all. I have not been to school since. The little advance 1 now have upon this store of education 1 liave picked up from time to time under the pressure of necessity. I was raised to farm-work, which -<^t^ £^ g^//^^ ^ c<^-t:^C^ j^BRAHAM LINCOLN. 87 I continued till I was twenty-two. At twenty-one I came to Illinois and passed the first year in Macon County. Then I got to New Salem, at that time in Sangamon, now in Menard County, where I remained a year as a sort of clerk in a store. " Then came the Black Hawk war, and I was elected a Captain of volunteers — ^a suc- cess which gave me more pleasure than any I have had since. I went the campaign, was elated ; ran for the Legislature the same year (1832) and was beaten, the only time I have ever been beaten by the people. The next and three succeeding biennial elections I was elected to the Legislature, and was never a candidate afterward. " During this legislative period I had studied law, and removed to Springfield to practice it. In 1846 I was elected to the Lower House of Congress ; was not a can- didate for re-election. From 1849 to 1854, inclusive, I practiced the law more assid- uously than ever before. Always a Whig in politics, and generally on the Whig elec- toral tickets, making active canvasses, I was losing interest in politics, when the repeal of the Missouri Compromise roused me again. What I have done since is pretty well known." The early residence of Lincoln in Indi- ana was sixteen miles north of the Ohio River, on Little Pigeon Creek, one and a half miles east of Gentryville, within the present township of Carter. Here his mother died October 5, 1818, and the next year his father married Mrs. Sally (Bush) Johnston, of Elizabethtown, Kentucky. She ' was an affectionate foster-parent, to whom Abraham was indebted for his first encour- agement to study. He became an eager reader, and the few books owned in the vicinity were many times perused. He worked frequently for the neighbors as a farm laborer ; was for some time clerk in a store at Gentryville ; and became famous throughout that region for his athletic powers, his fondness for argument, his in- exhaustible fund of humerous anecdote, as well as for mock oratory and the composi- tion of rude satirical verses. In 1828 he made a trading voyage to New Orleans as " bow-hand " on a flatboat ; removed to Illinois in 1830 ; helped his father build a log house and clear a farm on the north fork of Sangamon River, ten miles west of Decatur, and was for some time employed in splitting rails for the fences — a fact which was prominently brought forward for a political purpose thirty years later. In the spring of 185 1 he, with two of his relatives, was hired to build a flatboat on the Sangamon River and navigate it to New Orleans. The boat "stuck" on a mill-dam, and was got off with great labor through an ingenious mechanical device which some years later led to Lincoln's taking out a patent for "an improved method for lifting vessels over shoals." This voyage was memorable for another reason — the sight of slaves chained, mal- treated and flogged at New Orleans was the origin of his deep convictions upon the slavery question. Returning from this voyage he became a resident for several years at New Salem, a recently settled village on the Sangamon, where he was successively a clerk, grocer, surveyor and postmaster, and acted as pilot to the first steamboat that ascended the Sangamon. Here he studied law, inter- ested himself in local politics after his return from the Black Hawk war, and became known as an effective " stump- speaker." The subject of his first political speech was the improvement of the channel of the Sangamon, and the chief ground on which he announced himself (1832) a candi- date for the Legislature was his advocacy of this popular measure, on which subject his practical experience made him the high- est authority. Elected to the Legislature in 1834 as a 88 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. " Henry Clay Whig," he rapidly acquired that command of language and that homely but forcible rhetoric which, added to his intimate knowledge of the people from which he sprang, made him more than a match in debate for his few well-educated opponents. Admitted to the bar in 1837 he soon established himself at Springfield, where the State capital was located in 1839, iargely through his influence; became a successful pleader in the State, Circuit and District Courts; married in 1843 a lady be- longing to a prominent family in Lexington, Kentucky; took an active part in the Pres- idential campaigns of 1840 and 1844 as candidate for elector on the Harrison and Clay tickets, and in 1846 was elected to the United States House of Representatives over the celebrated Peter Cartwright. During his single term in Congress he did not attain any prominence. He voted for the reception of anti-slavery petitions for the abolition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia and for the Wilmot proviso; but was chiefly remem- bered for the stand he took against the Me.xican war. For several vears there- after he took comparatively little interest in politics, but gained a leading position at the Springfield bar. Two or three non- political lectures and an eulogy on Henry Clay (1852) added nothing to his reputation. In 1854 the repeal of the Missouri Compromise by the Kansas-Nebraska act aroused Lincoln from his indifference, and in attacking that measure he had the im- mense advantage of knowing perfectly well the motives and the record of its author, Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, then popu- larly designated as the " Little Giant." The latter came to Springfield in October, 1854, on the occasion of the State Fair, to vindi- cate his policv in the Senate, and the " Anti- Nebraska" Whigs, remembering that Lin- coln had often measured his strength with Douglas in the Illinois Legislature and be- fore the Springfield Courts, engaged him to improvise a reply. This speech, in the opinion of those who heard it, was one of the greatest efforts of Lincoln's life ; cer- tainly the most effective in his whole career. It took the audience by storm, and from that moment it was felt that Douglas had met his match. Lincoln was accordingly selected as the Anti-Nebraska candidate for the United States Senate in place of General Shields, whose term expired March 4, 1855, and led to several ballots; but Trumbull was ultimatel}- chosen. The second conflict on the soil of Kan- sas, which Lincoln had predicted, soon be- gan. The result was the disruption of the Whig and the formation of the Republican party. At the Bloomington State Conven- tion in 1856, where the new partv first assumed form in Illinois, Lincoln made an impressive address, in which for the first time he took distinctive ground against slavery in itself. At the National Republican Convention at Philadelphia, June 17, after the nomi- nation of Fremont, Lincoln was put for- ward by the Illinois delegation for the Vice-Presidency, and received on the first ballot no votes against 259 for William L, Dayton. He took a prominent part in the canvass, being on the electoral ticket. In 1858 Lincoln was unanimously nomi- nated by the Republican State Convention as its candidate for the United States Senate in place of Douglas, and in his speech of acceptance used the celebrated illustration of a "house divided against itself" on the slavery question, which was, perhaps, the cause of his defeat. The great debate car- ried on at all the principal towns of Illinois between Lincoln and Douglas as rival Sena- torial candidates resulted at the time in the election of the latter ; but being widely cir- culated as a campaign document, it fixed the attention of the country upon the ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 89 former, as the clearest and most convinc- ing exponent of Republican doctrine. Early in 1859 lie began to be named in Illinois as a suitable Republican candidate for the Presidential campaign of the ensu- ing year, and a political address delivered at the Cooper Institute, New York, Febru- ary 27, i860, followed by similar speeches at New Haven, Hartford and elsewhere in New England, first made him known to the Eastern States in the light by which he had long been regarded at home. By the Re- publican State Convention, which met at Decatur, Illinois, May 9 and 10, Lincoln was unanimously endorsed for the Presi- dency. It was on this occasion that two rails, said to have been split by his hands thirtv years before, were brought into the convention, and the incident contributed much to his popularity. The National Republican Convention at Chicago, after spirited efforts made in favor of Seward, Chase and Bates, nominated Lincoln for the Presidency, with Hannibal Hamlin for Vice-President, at the same time adopt- ing a vigorous anti-slavery platform. The Democratic party having been dis- organized and presenting two candidates, Douglas and Breckenridge, and the rem- nant of the " American" party having put forward John Bell, of Tennessee, the Re- publican victory was an easy one, Lincoln being elected November 6 by a large plu- rality, comprehending nearly all the North- ern States, but none of the Southern. The secession of South Carolina and the Gulf States was the immediate result, followed a few months later by that of the border slave States and the outbreak of the great civil war. The life of Abraham Lincoln became thenceforth merged in the histor)' of his country. None of the details of the vast conflict which filled the remainder of Lin- coln's life can here be given. Narrowly escaping assassination by avoiding Balti- more on his way to the capital, he reached Washington February 23, and was inaugu- rated President of the United States March 4, 1861. In his inaugural address he said: " I hold, that in contemplation of universal law and the Constitution the Union of these States is perpetual. Perpetuity is implied if not ex- pressed in the fundamental laws of all na- tional governments. It is safe to assert that no government proper ever had a pro- vision in its organic law for its own termi- nation. I therefore consider that in view of the Constitution and the laws, the Union is unbroken, and to the extent of my ability I shall take care, as the Constitution en- joins upon me, that the laws of the United States be extended in all the States. In doing this there need be no bloodshed or vio- lence, and there shall be none unless it be forced upon the national authority. T!ie power conferred to me will be used to hold, occupy and possess the property and places belonging to the Government, and to col- lect the duties and imports, but beyond what may be necessary for these objects there will be no invasion, no using of force against or among the people an3where. In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countr)'- men, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail 3-ou. You can have no conflict without being your- selves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Gov- ernment, while I shall have the most sol- emn one to preserve, protect and defend it." He called to his cabinet his principal rivals for the Presidential nomination — Seward, Chase, Cameron and Bates; se- cured the co-operation of the Union Demo- crats, headed by Douglas ; called out 75,000 militia from the several States upon the first tidings of the bombardment of Fort Sumter, April 15; proclaimed a blockade of the Southern posts April 19; called an extra 9° PliES/DENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. session of Congress for July 4, from which he asked and obtained 400,000 men and $400,000,000 for the war; placed McClellan at the head of the Federal army on General Scott's resignation, October 31; appointed Edwin M. Stanton Secretary of War, Jan- uary 14, 1862, and September 22, 1862, issued a proclamation declaring the free- dom of all slaves in the States and parts of States then in rebellion from and after January i, 1863. This was the crowning act of Lincoln's career — the act by which he will be chiefly known through all future time — and it decided the war. October 16, 1863, President Lincoln called for 300,000 volunteers to replace those whose term of enlistment had expired ; made a celebrated and touching, though brief, address at the dedication of the Gettysburg military cemetery, November ig, 1863; commissioned Ulysses S. Grant Lieutenant-General and Commander-in- Chief of the armies of the United States, March 9, 1864; was re-elected President in November of the same year, by a large majority over General McClellan, with Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, as Vice- President; delivered a very remarkable ad- dress at his second inauguration, March 4, 1865; visited the armv before Richmond the same month; entered the capital of the Con- federacy the day after its fall, and upon the surrender of General Robert E. Lee'c army, April 9, was actively engaged in devising generous plans for the reconstruction of the Union, when, on the evening of Good Fri- day, April 14, he was shot in his box at Ford's Theatre, Washington, byJohnWilkes Booth, a fanatical actor, and expired early on the following morning, April 15. Al- most simultaneously a murderous attack was made upon William H. Seward, Secre- tary of State. At noon on the 15th of April Andrew Johnson assumed the Presidency, and active measures were taken which resulted in the death of Booth and the execution of his principal accomplices. The funeral of President Lincoln was conducted with unexampled solemnity and magnificence. Impressive services were held in Washington, after which the sad procession proceeded over the same route he had traveled four years before, from Springfield to Washington. In Philadel- phia his body lay in state in Independence Hall, in which he had declared before his first inauguration "that I would sooner be assassinated than to give up the principles of the Declaration of Independence." He was buried at Oak Ridge Cemetery, near Springfield, Illinois, on May 4, where a monument emblematic of the emancipation of the slaves and the restoration of the Union mark his resting place. The leaders and citizens of the expiring Confederacy expressed genuine indignation at the murder of a generous political adver- sary. Foreign nations took part in mourn- ing the death of a statesman who had proved himself a true representative of American nationality. The freedmen of the South almost worshiped the memory of their de- liverer; and the general sentiment of the Sfreat Nation he had saved awarded him a place in its affections, second only to that held by Washington. The characteristics of Abraham Lincoln have been familiarly known throughout the civilized world. His tall, gaunt, ungainly figure, homely countenance, and his shrewd mother-wit, shown in his celebrated con- versations overflowing in humorous and pointed anecdote, combined with an accu- rate, intuitive appreciation of the questions of the time, are recognized as forming the best type of a period of American history now rapidly passing away. c ^-^ch^jzx^ ■y t^/^v ANDREW yOHiVSON. 9? s^^^i^^^^-^' U^V^^^^^^ii^^^ '^'.f^-l Mi^DT^Eiii vjdt;)T)'jDT). ^1 s>^ — ^ — -^ _.^ —^ _^ _ ~^^oj^,>^, -. ■ — — — — — ^==^ NDREW JOHNSON, the seventeenth Presi- dent of the United States, i865-'9, was born at Raleigh, North Carolina, De- c em b e r 29, 1808. His father died when he was four years old, and in his eleventh year he was ap- prenticed to a tailor. He nev- er attended school, and did not learn to read until late in his apprenticeship, when he suddenly acquired a passion for obtaining knowledge, and devoted all his spare time to reading. After working two j-ears as a journey- man tailor at Lauren's Court-House, South Carolina, he removed, in 1826, to Green- ville, Tennessee, where he worked at his trade and married. Under his wife's in- structions he made rapid progress in his education, and manifested such an intelli- gent interest in local politics as to be elected as " workingmen's candidate " al- derman, in 1828, and mayor in 1830, being twice re-elected to each office. During this period he cultivated his tal- ents as a public speaker by taking part in a debating societ\-, consisting largel}' of stu- dents of Greenville College. In 1835, and again in 1839, he was chosen to the lower house of the Legislature, as a Democrat. In 1 841 he was elected State Senator, and in 1843, Representative in Congress, being re-elected four successive periods, until 1S53, when he was chosen Governor of Tennessee. In Congress he supported the administrations of Tyler and Polk in their chief measures, especially the annexation of Texas, the adjustment of the Oregon boundary, the Mexican war, and the tariff of 1846. In 1855 Mr. Johnson was re-elected Gov- ernor, and in 1857 entered the United States Senate, where he was conspicuous as an advocate of retrenchment and of the Homestead bill, and as an opponent of the Pacific Railroad. He was supported by the Tennessee delegation to the Democratic convention in i860 for the Presidential nomination, and lent his influence to the Breckenridge wing of that party. When the election of Lincoln had brought about the first attempt at secession in December, i860, Johnson took in the Senate a firm attitude for the Union, and in May, 1861, on returning to Tennessee, he was in imminent peril of suffering from 94 PJtES/DENTS OF THE UN /TED STATES. popular violence for his loyalty to the " old flag." He was the leader of the Loyalists' convention of East Tennessee, and during i the following winter was very active in or- ganizing relief for the destitute loyal refu- gees from that region, his own familv being among those compelled to leave. , By his course in thiscrisis Johnson came prominently before the Northern public, and when in March, 1862, he was appointed by President Lincoln military Governor of Tennessee, with the rank of Brigadier-Gen- eral, he increased in popularity b}' the vig- orous and successful manner in which he labored to restore order, protect Union men and punish marauders. On the ap- proach of the Presidential campaign of 1864, the termination of the war being plainly foreseen, and several Southern States being partially reconstructed, it was felt that the Vice-Presidencv should be given to a vSouth- ern man of conspicuous loyaltv, and Gov- ernor Johnson was elected on the same platform and ticket as President Lincoln; and on the assassination of the latter suc- ceeded to the Presidency, April 15, 1865. In a public speech two daxs later he said: "The American people must be taught, if they do not already feel, that treason is a crime and must be ])unished; that the Gov- ernment will not always bear with its ene- mies; that it is strong, not onl}' to protect, but to punish. In our peaceful history treason has been almost unknown. The people must understand that it is the black- est of crimes, and will be punished." He then added the ominous sentence: " In le- gard to my future course, I make no prom- ises, no pledges." President Johnson re- tained the cabinet of Lincoln, and exhibited considerable severity toward traitors in his earlier acts and speeches, but he soon inaug- urated a policy of reconstruction, proclaim- ing a general amnesty to the late Confeder- ates, and successively establishing provis- ional Governments in the Southern States. These States accordingly claimed represen- tation in Congress in the following Decem- ber, and the momentous question of what should be the policy of the victorious l^nion toward its late armed opponents was forced upon that body. Two considerations impelled the Repub- lican majority to reject the policy of l^resi. dent Johnson: First, an apprehension that the chief magistrate intended to undo the re- sults of the war in regard to slavery; and, sec- ond, the sullen attitude of the South, which seemed to be jilotting to regain the policy which arms had lost. The credentials of the Southern members elect were laid on the table, a civil rights bill and a bill extending the sphere of the Freedmen's Bureau were passed over the executive veto, and the two highest branches of the Government were soon in open antagonism. The action of Congress was characterized bv the Presi- dent as a " new rebellion," In July the cabinet was recotistructed, Messrs. Randall, Stanbur}^ and Browning taking the places of Messrs. Denison, Speed and Harlan, and an unsuccessful attempt was made by means of a general convention in Philadel- phia to form a new party on the basis of the administration policy. In an excursion to Chicago for the pur- pose of laying a corner-stone of the monu- ment to Stephen A. Douglas, President Johnson, accompanied by several members of the cabinet, passed through Philadelphia, New York and Albany, in each of which cities, and in other places along the route, he made speeches justifying and explaining his own polic)', and violently denouncing the action of Congress. August 12, 1867, President Johnson re- moved the Secretary of War, replacing him by General Grant. Secretary Stanton retired under protest, based upon the ten- ure-of-ofifice act which had been passed the preceding March. The President then is- sued a proclamation declaring the insurrec- A NDRE IV yOHNSON. 95 tion at an end, and that " peace, order, tran- quility and civil authorit}' existed in and throughout the United States." Another proclamation enjoined obedience to the Constitution and the laws, and an amnesty was published September 7, relieving nearly all the participants in the late Rebellion from the disabilities thereby incurred, on condition of taking the oath to support the Constitution and the laws. In December Congress refused to confirm the removal of Secretary Stanton, who thereupon resumed the exercise of his of- fice; but February 21, 1868, President Johnson again attempted to remove him, appointing General Lorenzo Thomas in his place. Stanton refused to vacate his post, and was sustained by the Senate. February 24 the House of Representa- tives voted to impeach the President for " high crime and misdemeanors," and March 5 presented eleven articles of impeachment on the ground of his resistance to the exe- cution of the acts of Congress, alleging, in addition to the offense lately committed, his public expressions of contempt for Con- gress, in " certain intemperate, inflamma- tory and scandalous harangues" pronounced in August and September, 1866, and there- after declaring that the Thirty-ninth Con- gress of the United States was not a competent legislative body, and denying its power to propose Constitutional amend- ments. March 23 the impeachment trial began, the President appearing b}' counsel, and resulted in acquittal, the vote lacking one of the two-thirds vote required for conviction. The remainder of President Jcjhnson's term of office was passed without any such conflicts as might have been anticipated. He failed to obtain a nomination for re- election by the Democratic part}', though receiving sixt3--five votes on the first ballot. July 4 and December 25 new proclamations of pardon to the participants in the late Rebellion were issued, but were of little effect. On the accession of General Grant to the Presidency, March 4, 1869, Johnson returned to Greenville, Tennessee. Unsuc- cessful in 1870 and 1872 as a candidate re- spectively for United States Senator and Representative, he was finally elected to the Senate in 1875, and took his seat in the extra session of March, in which his speeches were comparatively temperate. He died July 31, 1875, and was buried at Green- ville. President Johnson's administration was a peculiarly unfortunate one. That he should so soon become involved in bitter feud with the Republican majority in Congress was certainly a surprising and deplorable inci- dent; yet, in reviewing the circumstances after a lapse of so many years, it is easy to find ample room for a charitable judgment of both the parties in the heated contro- versy, since it cannot be doubted that any President, even Lincoln himself, had he lived, must have sacrificed a large portion of his popularity in carrying out any pos- sible scheme of reconstruction. 96 PPESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. I ^w«> *V^ Ml£*^Elf^5?iaa»iNf3!^ -;>t^' .^:.^kC^»^ lA IX IM U XJ 11 1 1_: ^ j^' i ' 'S i ' I ' i ' ' 1 ' i ' ' 8 ' i"a"i' » 'i"l ' ' i"i - ! ■ »" *■■ *' a ' *'^i"v%L°^^'* "»"' ' ' ^"^"* ' » '8 "»"i"5 ' ^''^ '' t ' 8 ' i I ' i I il ' ' 1 , ? tf?:," Ohio. ■^LYSSES SIMPSON GRANT, the eight- eenth President of the United States, iSSg-'jj, was born April 27, 1 822, at Point Pleasant, ,^ Clermont Count\-, His father was of Scotch descent, and a dealer in leather. At the age of seventeen he en- tered the Military Academ}' at West Point, and four years later graduated twenty-first in a class of thirty-nine, receiving the commission of Brevet Second Lieutenant. He was assigned to the Fourth Infantr}- and re- mained in the army eleven years. He was engaged in ever}- battle of the Mexican war except that of Buena Vista, and received two brevets for gallantry. In 1848 Mr. Grant married Julia, daughter of Frederick Dent, a prominent mercliant of St. Louis, and in 1854, having reached the grade of Captain, he resigned his commis- sion in the army. For several years he fol- lowed farming near St. Louis, but unsuc- cessfully ; and in i860 he entered the leather trade with his father at Galena, Illinois. When the civil war broke out in 1861, Grant was thirty-nine years of age, but en- tirely unknown to public men and without any personal acquaintance witli great affairs. President Lincoln's first call for troops was made on the 15th of April, and on the 19th Grant was drilling a company of volunteers at Galena. He also offered his services to the Adjutant-General of the army, but re- ceived no reply. The Governor of Illinois, however, employed him in the organization of volunteer troops, and at the end of five weeks he was appointed Colonel of the Twenty-first Infantry. He took command of his regiment in June, and reported first to General Pope in Missouri. His superior knowledge of military life rather surprised his superior officers, who had never before even heard of him, and they were thus led to place him on the road to rapid advance- ment. August 7 he was commissioned a Brigadier-General of volunteers, the ap- pointment having been made without his knowledge. He had been unanimously reconiinended by the Congressmen from Illinois, not one of whom had been his personal acquaintance. For a few weeks he was occupied in watching the move- ments of partisan forces in Missouri. September i he was placed in command of tlie District of Southeast Missouri, with headquarters at Cairo, and on the 6th, with- out orders, he seized Paducah, at the mouth of the Tennessee River, and commanding the navie-ation both of that stream and 0/ If ™t^ <2>-<-^^ ULrSSES S. GRANT. 99 the Ohio. This stroke secured Kentucky to the Union ; for the State Legislature, which had until then affected to be neutral, at once declared in favor of the Govern- ment. In November following, according to orders, he made a demonstration about eighteen miles below Cairo, preventing the crossing of hostile troops into Missouri ; but in order to accomplish this purpose he had to do some fighting, and that, too, with only 3,000 raw recruits, against 7,000 Con- federates. Grant carried off two pieces of artiller)'^ and 200 prisoners. After repeated applications to General Halleck, his immediate superior, he was allowed, in February, 1862, to move up the Tennessee River against Fort Henry, in conjunction with a naval force. The gun- boats silenced the fort, and Grant immedi- atelv made preparations to attack Fort Donelson, about twelve miles distant, on the Cumberland River. Without waiting for orders he moved his troops there, and with 15,000 men began the siege. The fort, garrisoned with 21,000 men, was a strong one, but after hard fighting on three successive days Grant forced an " Uncon- ditional Surrender" (an alliteration upon the initials of his name). The prize he capt- ured consisted of sixty-five cannon, 17,600 small arms and 14,623 soldiers. About 4,- 000 of the garrison had escaped in the night, and 2,500 were killed or wounded. Grant's entire loss was less than 2,000. This was the first important success won by the national troops during the war, and its strategic re- sults were marked, as the entire States of Kentucky and Tennessee at once fell into the National hands. Our hero was made a Major-General of Volunteers and placed in command of the District of West Ten- nessee. In March, 1862, he was ordered to move up the Tennessee River toward Corinth, where the Confederates were concentrat- ing a large army ; but he was directed not to attack. His forces, now numbering 38,- 000, were accordingly encamped near Shi- loh, or Pittsburg Landing, to await the arrival of General Buell with 40,000 more; but April 6 the Confederates came out from Corinth 50,000 strong and attacked Grant violently, hoping to overwhelm him before Buell could arrive ; 5,0000! his troops were beyond supporting distance, so that he was largely outnumbered and forced back to the river, where, however, he held out until dark, when the head of Buell's column came upon the field. The next day the Confederates were driven back to Corinth, nineteen miles. The loss was heavy on both sides ; Grant, being senior in rank to Buell, commanded on both days. Two days afterward Halleck arrived at the front and assumed command of the army. Grant remaining at the head of the right wing and the reserve. On May 30 Corinth was evacuated by the Confederates. In July Halleck was made General-in-Chief, and Grant succeeded him in command of the Department of the Tennessee. September 19 the battle of luka was fought, where, owing to Rosecrans's fault, only an incom- plete victory was obtained. Next, Grant, with 30,000 men, moved down into Mississippi and threatened Vicks- burg, while Sherman, with 40,000 men, was sent by way of the river to attack that place in front ; but, owing to Colonel Murphy's surrendering Holly Springs to the Con- federates, Grant was so weakened that he had to retire to Corinth, and then Sherman failed to sustain his intended attack. In January, 1863, General Grant took command in person of all the troops in the Mississippi Valley, and spent several months in fruitless attempts to compel the surrender or evacuation of Vicksburg; but July 4, following, the place surrendered, with 31,- 600 men and 172 cannon, and the Mississippi River thus fell permanently into the hands of the Government. Grant was made a l.i PRESIDENTS OF JHH UNITED STATES. Major-Gcneral in the regular army, and in October following he was placed in com- mand of the Division of the Mississippi. The same month he went to Chattanooga and saved the Army of the Cumberland from starvation, and drove Bragg from that part of the country. This victory over- threw the last important hostile force west of the AUeghanies and opened the way for the National armies into Georgia and Sher- man's march to the sea. The remarkable series of successes which Grant had now achieved pointed him out as the appropriate leader of the National armies, and accordingly, in Februar}-, 1864, the rank of Lieutenant-General was created for him by Congress, and on March 17 he assumed command of the armies of the United States. Planning the grand final campaign, he sent Sherman into Georgia, Sigel into the valley of Virginia, and Butler to capture Richmond, while he fought his own way from the Rapidan to the James. The costly but victorious battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna and Cold Harbor were fought, more for the purpose of annihilating Lee than to capture any particular point. In June, 1864, the siege of Richmond was begun. Sherman, meanwhile, was marching and fighting daily in Georgia and steadily advancing toward Atlanta ; but Sigel had been defeated in the valley of Virginia, and was superseded by Hunter. Lee sent Early to threaten the Na- tional capital ; whereupon Grant gathered up a force which he placed under Sheridan, and that commander rapidly drove Early, inasuccessionof battles, through the valley of Virginia and destroyed his army as an organized force. The siege of Richmcind went on, and Grant made numerous attacks, but was only partially successful. The people of the North grew impatient, and even the Government advised him to , abandon the attempt to take Richmond or crush the Confederacy in that way ; but he ; ' never wavered. He resolved to "' fight it out on that line, if it took all summer." By September Sherman had made his way to Atlanta, and Grant then sent him on his famous " march to the sea," a route which the chief had designed six months before. He made Sherman's success possi- ble, not only by holding Lee in front of Richmond, but also by sending reinforce- ments to Thomas, who then drew off and defeated the only army which could have confronted Sherman. Thus the latter was left unopposed, and, with Thomas and Sheri- dan, was used in the furtherance of Grant's plans. Each executed his part in the great design and contributed his share to the re- sult at which Grant was aiming. Sherman finally reached Savannah, Schofield beat the enemy at Franklin, Thomas at Nash- ville, and Sheridan wherever he met him; and all this while General Grant was hold- ing Lee, with the principal Confederate army, near Richmond, as it were chained and helpless. Then Schofield was brought from the West, and Fort Fisher and Wil- mington were captured on the sea-coast, so as to afford him a foothold ; from here he was sent into the interior of North Caro- lina, and Sherman was ordered to move northward to join him. When all this was effected, and Sheridan could find no one else to fight in the Shenandoah Valley, Grant brought the cavalry leader to the front of Richmond, and, making a last effort, drove Lee from his entrenchments and captured Richmond. At the beginning of the final campaign Lee had collected 73,000 fighting men in the lin'es at Richmond, besides the local militia and the gunboat crews, amounting to 5,000 more. Including Sheridan's force Grant had 1 10,000 men in the works before Petersburg and Richmond. Petersburg fell on the 2d of April, and Richmond on tl:e 3d, and Lee fled in the direction of Lynch- burg. Grant pursued with remorseless C/I,rSSES S. Off ANT. energ}-, only stopping to strike fresh blows, and Lee at last found himself not only out- fought but also out-marched and out-gen- eraled. Being completely surrounded, he surrendered on the glh of April, 1865, at Appomattox Court-House, in the open field, with 27,000 men, all that remained of his army. This act virtually ended the war. Thus, in ten days Grant had captured Petersburg and Richmond, fought, by his subordinates, the battles of Five Forks and Sailor's Creek, besides numerous smaller ones, captured 20,000 men in actual battle, and received the surrender of 27,000 more at Appomattox, absolutely annihilating an army of 70,000 soldiers. General Grant returned at once to Wash- ington to superintend the disbandment of the armies, but this pleasurable work was scarcely begun when President Lincoln was assassinated. It had doubtless been in- tended to inflict the same fate upon Grant ; but he, fortunately, on account of leaving Washington early in the evening, declined an invitation to accompany the President to the theater where the murder was com- mitted. This event made Andrew Johnson President, but left Grant by far the most conspicuous figure in the public life of the country. He became the object of an en- thusiasm greater than had ever been known in America. Every possible honor was heaped upon him ; the grade of General was created for him by Congress; houses were presented to him by citizens; towns were illuminated on his entrance into them ; and, to cap the climax, when he made his tour around the world, "all nations did him honor" as they had never before honored a foreigner. The General, as Commander-in-Chief, was placed in an embarrassing position by the opposition of President Johnson to the measures of Congress ; but he directly man- ifested; his characteristic loyalty by obeying Congress rather than the disaffected Presi- dent, although for a short time he had served in his cabinet as Secretary of War. Of course, everybody thought of General Grant as the ne.xt President of the United States, and he was accordingly elected as such in 1868 "by a large majorit)-," and four years later re-elected by a much larger majority — the most overwhelming ever given by the peojile of this country. His first administration was distinguished by a ces- sation of the strifes which sprang from the war, by a large reduction of the National debt, and by a settlement of the difficulties with England which had grown out of the depredations committed by privateers fit- ted out in England during the war. This last settlement was 'made by the famous " Geneva arbitration," which saved to this Government $1 5,000,000, but, more than all, prevented a war with England. " Let us have peace," was Grant's motto. And this is the most appropriate place to remark that above all Presidents whom this Gov- ernment has ever had. General Grant was the most non-partisan. He regarded the Executive office as purely and exclusively executive of the laws of Congress, irrespect- ive of " politics." But every great man has jealous, bitter enemies, a fact Grant was well aware of. After the close of his Presidency, our General made his famous tour around the world, already referred to, and soon after- ward, in company with Ferdinand Ward, of New York City, he engaged in banking and stock brokerage, which business was made disastrous to Grant, as well as to him- self, by his rascality. By this time an in- curable cancer of the tongue developed itself in the person of the afflicted ex- President, which ended his unrequited life July 23, 1885. Thus passed away from earth's turmoils the man, the General, who- was as truly the " father of this regenerated country" as was Washington the father of the infant nation. PRES/DE.V/S OF THE UNITED STATES. iii'li I'lirri'tn nrrTi Ftttti I'ltl'lf t't'lt't'fl'f i ti'itttT i ; ; ■ tVfiTi i' i'l'l V( ifHtHn ^l?^?i'"^E^M^5SS0lSD 1^. if?^^i^s.^ ^^ UTHERFORD BIRCH- ARD HAYES, the nine- teenth President of tiie United States, i877-'8i, was born in ItL Delaware, Ohio, Oc- '^ ^'-^ tober 4, 1822. His ancestry can be traced as far hack as 1280, when Hayes and Rutherford were two Scottish chieftains fighting side by side with Baliol, William Wallace and Robert Bruce. Both fami- lies belonged to the nobility, owned extensive estates and had a large following. The Hayes family had, for a coat of-arms, a shield, barred and surmounted by a flying eagle. There was a circle of stars about the eagle and above the shield, while on a scroll underneath the shield was inscribed the motto, "Recte." Misfortune overtaking the family, George Hayes left Scotland in 1680, and settled in Windsor, Connecticut. He was an industrious worker in wood and iron, having a mechanical genius and a cul- tivated mind. His son George was born in Windsor and remained there during his life. Daniel Hayes, son of the latter, married Sarah Lee, and lived in Simsbury, Con- necticut. Ezekiel, son of Daniel, was born in 1724, and was a manufacturer of scythes at Bradford, Connecticut. Rutherford Hayes, son of Ezekiel and grandfather of President Hayes, was born in New Haven, in August, 1756. He was a famous black- smith and tavern-keeper. He immigrated to Vermont at an unknown date, settling in Brattleboro where he established a hotel. Here his son Rutherford, father of Presi- dent Hayes, was born. In September, 181 3, he married Sophia Birchard, of Wilming- ton, Vermont, whose ancestry on the male side is traced back to 1635, to John Birch- ard, one of the principal founders of Nor- wich. Both of her grandfathers were soldiers in the Revolutionary war. The father of President Haj-es was of a mechanical turn, and could mend a plow, knit a stocking, or do almost anything that he might undertake. He was prosperous in business, a member of the church and active in all the benevolent enterprises of the town. After the close of the war of 1812 he immigrated to Ohio, and purchased a farm near the present town of Delaware. His family then consisted of his wife and two children, and an orphan girl whom he had adopted. It was in 1817 that the family arrived at Delaware. Instead of settling upon his s u/L^i &..^ RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. '05 farm, Mr. Hayes concluded to enter into business in the village. He purchased an interest in a distillery, a business then as re- spectable as it was profitable. His capital and recognized ability assured him the highest social position in the community. He died July 22, 1822, less than three months before the birth of the son that was destined to fill the office of President of the United States. Mrs. Haj'es at this period was very weak, and the subject of this sketch was so feeble at birth that he was not expected to live beyond a month or two at most. As the months went by he grew weaker and weaker so that the neighbors were in the habit of inquiring from time to time " if Mrs. Hayes's baby died last night." On one oc- casion a neighbor, who was on friendly terms with the family, after alluding to the boy's big head and the mother's assiduous care of him, said to her, in a bantering way, "That's right! Stick to him. You have got him along so far, and I shouldn't won- der if he would really come to something yet." " You need not laugh," said Mrs. Hayes, " you wait and see. You can't tell but I shall make him President of the United States yet." The boy lived, in spite of the universal predictions of his speedy death; and when, in 1825, his elder brother was drowned, he became, if possible, still dearer to his mother. He was seven years old before he was placed in school. His education, however, was not neglected. His sports were almost wholly within doors, his playmates being his sister and her associates. These circum- stances tended, no doubt, to foster that gentleness of disposition and that delicate consideration for the feelings of others which are marked traits of his character. At school he was ardently devoted to his studies, obedient to the teacher, and care- ful to avoid the quarrels in which many of his schoolmates were involved. He was always waiting at the school-house door when it opened in the morning, and never late in returning to his seat at recess. His sister Fannie was his constant companion, and their affection for each other excited the admiration of their friends. In 1838 young Hayes entered Kenyon College and graduated in 1842. He then began the study of law in the office of Thomas Sparrow at Columbus. His health was now well established, his figure robust, his mind vigorous and alert. In a short time he determined to enter the law school at Cambridge, Massachusetts, where for two years he pursued his studies with great diligence. In 1845 he was admitted to the bar at Marietta, Ohio, and shortly afterward went into practice as an attorney-at-law with Ralph P. Buckland, of Fremont. Here he remained three years, acquiring but limited practice, and apparently unambitious oi distinction in his profession. His bachelor uncle, Sardis Birchard, who had always manifested great interest in his nephew and rendered him assistance in boyhood, was now a wealthy banker, and it was under- stood that the young man would be his heir. It is possible that this expectation may have made Mr. Hayes more indifferent to the attainment of wealth than he would otherwise have been, but he was led into no extravagance or vices on this account. In 1849 hs removed to Cincinnati where his ambition found new stimulus. Two events occurring at this period had a pow- erful influence upon his subsequent life. One of them was his marriage to Miss Lucy Ware Webb, daughter of Dr. James Webb, of Cincinnati; the other was his introduction to the Cincinnati Literar}- Club, a body embracing such men as Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, General John Pope and Governor Edward F. Noyes. The marriage was a fortunate one as every- body knows. Not one of all the wives of io6 PRESIDENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. our Presidents -.vas more universally ad- mired, reverenced and beloved than is Mrs. Hayes, and no one has done more than she to reflect honor upon American woman- hood. In 1856 JMr. Hayes was nominated to the office of Judije of the Court of Common Pleas, but declined to accept the nomina- tion. Two years later he was chosen to the ■office of City Solicitor. In 1861, when the Rehellion broke out, he was eager to take up arms in the defense •of his countrv. His military life was bright and illustrious. June 7, 1861, he was appointed Major of the Twenty-third Ohio Infantry. In July tiie regiment was sent to Virginia. October 15, 1861, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of his regiment, and in ,\ugust, 1862, was promoted Colonel of the Seventy-ninth Ohio Regiment, but refused to leave his old comrades. He was wounded at the battle of South Mountain, 4ind suffered severely, being unable to enter upon active duty for several weeks. No- vember 30, 1862, he rejoined his regiment as its Colonel, having been promoted Octo- ber 15. December 25, 1862, he was placed in com- mand of the Kanawha division, and for meritorious service in several battles was promoted Brigadier-General. He was also 'brevetted Major-General for distinguished services in 1864. He was wounded four times, and five horses were shot from under him. Mr. Hayes was first a Whig in politics, and was among the first to unite \Ttth the Free-Soil and Republican parties. In 1864 he was elected to Congress from the Sec- ond Ohio District, which had always been Democratic, receiving a majority of 3,098. In 1866 he was renominated for Congress and was a second time elected. In 1867 he was elected Governor over Allen G. Thur- mau, the Democratic candidate, and re- elected in i86g. In 1874 Sardis Birchard died, leaving his large estate to General Hayes. In 1876 he was nominated for the Presi- dency. His- letter of acceptance excited the admiration of the whole country. He resigned the office of Governor and retired to his home in Fremont to await the result of the canvass. After a hard, long contest he was inaugurated March 5, 1877. His Presidency was characterized by compro- mises with all parties, in order to please as man}' as possible. The close of his Presi- dential term in 1881 was the close of his public life, and since then he has remained at his home in Fremont, Ohio, in Jefferso- nian retirement from public notice, in strik- ing contrast with most others of the world's notables. JAMES A. GARFfELD. 109 ,^^t< FgrA-.W^rAAVVaVSa^t^yirTF^S^igEi-Igaiga-^SSESaE f;rhi'jjh'?i^'ff^-5*'' 5^1^(*Tl'l^<^l^l*T^l*^r •?tA-»:\,i-y m irs? ii»'dij>^^^fe^^5^^^^'**' '•''<' '''••'"'^•';'<'<'''j'-'''''*»''"^r77^ f m AMES A. GARFIELD, twentieth President of the United States, 1881, was born November 19, 1 83 1, in the wild woods of Cuyahoga County, Ohio. His parents were Abram and EHza (Ballou) Garfield, who were of New England ancestry. The senior Garfield was an in- dustrious farmer, as the lapid improvements which appeared on his place at- tested. The residence was the familiar pioneer log cabin, and the household comprised the parents and their children — Mehetable, Thomas, Mary and James A. In May, 1833, the father died, and the cai^e of the house- hold consequently devolved upon young Thomas, to whom James was greatly in- debted for the educational and other ad- vantages he enjoyed. He now lives in Michigan, and the two sisters live in Solon, Ohio, near their birthplace. As the subject of our sketch grew up, he, too, was industrious, both in mental and phvsical labor. He worked upon the farm, ; or at carpentering, or chopped wood, or at any other odd job that would aid in support of the family^ and in the meantime made the 1 most of his books. Ever afterward he was never ashamed of his humble origin, nor for- got the friends of his youth. The poorest laborer was sure of his sympathy, and he always exhibited the character of a modest gentleman. Until he was about sixteen years of age, James's highest ambition was to be a lake captain. To this his mother was strongly opposed, but she finally consented to his going to Cleveland to carry out his long- cherished design, with the understanding, however, that he should try to obtain some other kind of employment. He walked all the way to Cleveland, and this was his first visit to the cit}'. After making many ap- plications for work, including labor on board a lake vessel, but all in vain, he finally engaged as a driver for his cousin, Amos Letcher, on the Ohio & Pennsyl- vania Canal. In a short time, however, he quit this and returned home. He then at- tended the seminary at Chester for about three years, and next he entered Hiram In- stitute, a school started in 1850 by the Disciples of Christ, of which church he was a member. In order to pav his way he assumed the duties of janitor, and at tmies taught school. He soon completed the cur- riculum there, and then entered Williams College, at which he graduated in 1856, taking one of the highest honors of his class. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Afterward he returned to Hiram as Presi- dent. In his youthful and therefore zealous piety, he exercised his talents occasionally as a preacher of the Gospel. He was a man of strong moral and religious convic- tions, and as soon as he began to look into politics, he saw innumerable points that could be improved. He also studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. November 11, 1858, Mr. Garfield married Miss Lucretia Rudolph, who ever after- ward proved a worthy consort in all the stages of her husband's career. They had seven children, five of whom are still living. It was in 1859 that Garfield made his first political speeches, in Hiram and the neighboring villages, and three years later he began to speak at county mass-meetings, being received everywhere with popular favor. He was elected to the State Senate this year, taking his scat in January, i860. On the breaking out of tiie war of the Rebellion in 1861, Mr. Garfield resolved to fight as he had talked, and accordingly he enlisted to defend the old flag, receiving his commission as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Forty-second Regiment of the Ohio Volun- teer Infantry, August 14, that year. He was immediately thrown into active service, and before he had ever seen a gun fired in action he was placed in command of four regiments of infantry and eight companies of cavalry, charged with the work of driv- ing the Confederates, headed by Humphrey Marshall, from his native State, Kentucky. This task was speedilj' accomplished, al- though against great odds. On account of his success. President Lincoln commissioned him Brigadier-General, January 11, 1862; and, as he had been the youngest man in the Ohio Senate two years before, so now he was the youngest General in the army. He was with General Buell's army at Shi- loh, also in its operations around Corinth and its march through Alabama. Next, he was detailed as a member of the general court-martial for the trial of General Fitz- John Porter, and then ordered to report to General Rosecians, when he was assigned to the position of Chief of Staff. His mili- tary history closed with his brilliant ser- vices at Chickamauga, where he won the stars of Major-General. In the fall of 1862, without any effort on his part, he was elected as a Representative to Congress, from that section of Ohio which had been represented for sixty years mainly by two men — Elisha Whittlesev and Joshua R. Giddings. Again, he was the youngest member of that body, and con- tinued there by successive re-elections, as Representative or Senator, until he was elected President in 1880. During his life in Congress he compiled and published by his speeches, there and elsewhere, more information on the issues of the day, espe- cially on one side, than any other member. June 8, 1880, at the National Republican Convention held in Chicago, General Gar- field was nominated for the Presidency, in preference to the old war-horses, Blaine and Grant ; and although man)' of the Re- publican party felt sore over the failure of their respective heroes to obtain the nomi- nation. General Garfield was elected by a fair popular majority. He was duly in- augurated, but on Jul)' 2 following, before he had fairly got started in his administra- tion, he was fatally shot by a half-demented assassin. After very painful and protracted suffering, he died September 19, 1881, la- mented by all the American people. Never before in the history of this country had anything occurred which so nearly froze the blood of the Nation, for the moment, as the awful act of Guiteau, the murderer. He was duly tried, convicted and put to death on the gallows. The lamented Garfield was succeeded by the Vice-President, General Arthur, who seemed to endeavor to carry out the policy inaugurated by his predecessor. CHESTER A. ARTHUR. ^m^^m^^^^^^mk 0^ HESTER ALLEN ARTHUR, the twen- ty-first Chief Execu- tive of this growing republic, i88i-'s, was born in FrankHn County, Vermont, October 5, 1830, the eldest of a family of two sons and five daughters. His father. Rev. Dr. William Arthur, a Baptist clergyman, immigrated to this country from County Antrim, Ireland, in his eighteenth year, and died in 1875, in Newton- ville, near Albany, New York, after serving many years as a successful minister. Chester A. was educated at that old, conservative institution. Union Col- lege, at Schenectady, New York, where he excelled in all his studies. He graduated there, with honor, and then struck out in life for himself by teaching school for about two years in his native State. At the expiration of that time young Arthur, with $500 in his purse, went to the city of New York and entered the law office of ex-Judge E. D. Culver as a student. In due time he was admitted to the bar, when he formed a partnership with his intimate friend and old room-mate, Henry D. Gar- diner, with the intention of practicing law at some point in the West ; but after spend- ing about three months in the Western States, in search of an eligible place, they returned to New York City, leased a room, exhibited a sign of their business and al- most immediately enjoyed a paying patron- age. At this stage of his career Mr. Arthur's business prospects were so encouraging that he concluded to take a wife, and ac- cordingly he married the daughter of Lieu- tenant Herndon, of the United States Navv, who had been lost at sea. To the widow of the latter Congress voted a gold medal, in recognition of the Lieutenant's bravery during the occasion in which he lost his life. Mrs. Artnvir died shortly before her husband's nomination to the Vice-Presi- dency, leaving two children. Mr. Arthur obtained considerable celeb- rity as an attorney in the famous Lemmon suit, which was brought to recover posses- sion of eight slaves, who had been declared free by the Superior Court of New York City. The noted Charles O'Conor, who was nominated by the " Straight Demo- crats" in 1872 for the United States Presi- dency, was retained by Jonathan G. Lem- 114 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. mon, of Virginia, to recover the negroes, but he lost the suit. In this case, however, Mr. Arthur was assisted by WiUiam M. Evarts, now United States Senator. Soon afterward, in 1856, a respectable colored wonian was ejected from a street car in New Vorii City. Mr. Arthur sued the car company in her behalf and recovered $500 damages. Immediately afterward all the car companies in the city issued orders to their employes to admit colored persons upon their cars. Mr. Arthur's political doctrines, as well as his practice as a lawyer, raised him to prominence in the party of freedom ; and accordingly he was sent as a delegate to the first National Republican Convention. Soon afterward he was appointed Judge Advocate for the Second Brigade of the State of New York, and then Engineer-in- Chief on Governor Morgan's staff. In 1861, the first year of the war, he was made In- spector-General, and next, Quartermaster- General, in both which offices he rendered great service to the Government. Alter the close of Governor Morgan's term he resumed the practice of law, forming first a partnership with Mr. Ransom, and subse- quently adding Mr. Phelps to the firm. Each of these gentlemen were able lawyers. November 21, 1872, General Arthur was appointed Collector of the Port of New York by President Grant, and he held the office until July 20, 1878. The next event of prominence in General Arthur's career was his nomination to the Vice-Presidency of the United States, under the influence of Roscoe Conkling, at the National Republican Convention held at Chicago in June, 1880, when James A. Gar- field was placed at the head of the ticket. Both the convention and the campaign that followed were noisy and exciting. The friends of Grant, constituting nearl}' half the convention, were exceedingly persist- ent, and were sorely disappomted over their defeat. At the head of the Demo- cratic ticket was placed a very strong and popular man ; yet Garfield and Arthur were elected by a respectable plurality of the popular vote. The 4th of ;»Iarch following, these gentlemen were accordingly inaugu- rated ; but within four months the assassin's bullet made a fatal wound in the person of General Garfield, whose life terminated September 19, 1881, when General Arthur, ex officio, was obliged to take the chief reins of government. Some misgivings were entertained by many in this event, as Mr. Arthur was thought to represent espe cially the Grant and Conkling wing of the Republican party ; but President Arthur had both the ability and the good sense to allay all fears, and he gave the restless, critical American people as good an ad- ministration as they had ever been blessed with. Neither selfishness nor low parti- sanism ever characterized any feature of his public service. He ever maintained a high sense of every individual right as well as of the Nation's honor. Indeed, he stood so high that his successor, President Cleve- land, though of opposing politics, expressed a wish in his inaugural address that he could only satisfy the people with as good an administration. But the day of civil service reform had come in so far, and the corresponding re- action against "third-termism" had en- croached so far even upon "second-term" service, that the Republican party saw fit in 1884 to nominate another man for Presi- dent. Only by this means was General Arthur's tenure of office closed at Wash- ington. On his retirement from the Presi- dency, March, 1885, he engaged in the practice of law at New York City, where he died November 18, 1886. ^ a HOVER CLEVELAND. 117 ^Ifelg ROVER CLEVE- LAND, the twenty- second President of the United States, 1885 — , was born in Caldwell, Essex County, New Jersey, March 18, The house in which he was born, a small two-story wooden building, is still stand- S^Mm'i^ ing. It was the parsonage of " ^ ^ "^ the Presbyterian church, of which his father, Richard Cleveland, at the time was pastor. The family is of New England origin, and for two centuries has contributed to the professions and to busi- ness, men who have reflected honor on the name. Aaron Cleveland, Grover Cleve- land's great-great-grandfather, was born in IVLassachusetts, but subsequently moved to Philadelphia, where he became an intimate friend of Benjamin Franklin, at whose house he died. He left a large family of children, who in time married and settled in different parts of New England. A grandson was one of the small American force that fought the British at Bunker Hill. He served with gallantr}' through- out the Revolution and was honorably dischargfed at its close as a Lieutenant in the Continental army. Another grandson, William Cleveland (a son of a second Aaron Cleveland, who was distinguished as a writer and member of the Connecticut Legislature) was Grover Cleveland's grand- father. William Cleveland became a silver- smith in Norwich, Connecticut. He ac- quired by industry some property and sent his son, Richard Cleveland, the father of Grover Cleveland, to Yale College, where he graduated in 1824. During a year spent in teaching at Baltimore, Maryland, after graduation, he met and fell in love with a Miss Annie Neale, daughter of a wealthy Baltimore book publisher, of Irish birth. He was earning his own way in the world at the time and was unable to marrv; but in three years he completed a course of preparation for the ministry, secured a church in Windham, Connecticut, and married Annie Neale. Subsequently he moved to Portsmouth, Virginia, where he preached for nearly two years, when he was summoned to Caldwell, New Jersey, where was born Grover Cleveland. When he was three years old the family moved to Fayette ville, Onondaga County, New York. Here Grover Cleveland lived until lie was fourteen years old, the rugged, healthful life of a country boy. His frank, generous manner made him a favorite among his companions, and their respect was won by the good qualities in the germ which his manhood developed. He at- tended the district school of the village and ii8 PUBS/DENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. was for a short time at the academy. His lather, however, believed that boys should be taught to labor at an early age, and be- fore he had completed the course of study at the academy he began to work in the village store at $50 for the first year, and the promise of $100 for the second year. His work was well done and the promised in- crease of pay was granted the second year. Meanwhile his father and family had moved to Clinton, the seat of Hamilton College, where his father acted as agent to the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, preaching in the churches of the vicinity. Hither Grover came at his father's request shortly after the beginning of his second year at the Fayetteville store, and resumed his studies at the Clinton Academy. After three years spent in this town, the Rev. Richard Cleveland was called to the vil- lage church of Holland Patent. He had preached here only a month when he was suddenly stricken down and died without an hour's warning. The death of the father left the family in straitened circumstances, as Richard Cleveland had spent all his salary of $1,000 per year, which was not required for the necessary expenses of liv- ing, upon th? education of his children, of whom there were nine, Grover being the fifth. Grover was hoping to enter Hamil- ton College, but the death of his father made it necessary for him to earn his own livelihood. For the first year (i853-'4) he acted as assistant teacher and bookkeeper in the Institution for the Blind in New York City, of which the late Augustus Schell was for many years the patron. In the winter of 1854 he returned to Holland Patent where the generous people of that place, Fayetteville and Clinton, had purchased a home for his mother, and in the following spring, borrowing $25, he set out for the West to earn his living. Reaching Buffalo he paid a hasty visit to an uncle, ' Lewis F. Allen, a well-known stock farmer, living at Black Rock, a few miles distant. He communicated his plans to Mr. Allen, who discouraged the idea of the West, and finally induced the enthusi- astic boy of seventeen to remain with him and help him prepare a catalogue of blooded short-horn cattle, knownas " Allen's Amer- ican Herd Book," a publication familiar to all breeders of cattle. In August, 1855, he entered the law office of Rogers, Bowen & Rogers, at Buffalo, and after serving a few months without pay, was paid $4 a week — an amount barely sufficient to meet the necessary e.xpenses of his board in the family of a fellow-student in Buffalo, with whom he took lodgings. Life at this time with Grover Cleveland was a stern battle with the world. He took his breakfast by candle-light with the drovers, and went at once to the office where the' whole day was spent in work and study. Usually he re- turned again at night to resume reading which had been interrupted by the duties of the day. Gradually his cmplovers came to recognize the ability, trustworthiness and capacity for hard work in their young employe, and by the time he was admitted to the bar (1859) he stood high in their con- fidence. A year later he was made confi- dential and managing clerk, and in the course of three years more his salary had been raised to $1,000. In 1863 he was ap- pointed assistant district attorney of Erie County by the district attorney, the Hon. C. C. Torrance. Since his first vote had been cast in 1858 he had been a staunch Democrat, and until he was chosen Governor he always made it his dut}', rain or shine, to stand at the polls and give out ballots to Democratic voters. During the first year of his term as assistant district attorney, the Democrats desired especially to carr)' the Board of Su- pervisors. The old Second Ward in which he lived was Republican- ordinarily by 250 majority, but at the urgent request of the G ROVER CLEVELAND. 119 party Crrover Cleveland consented to be the Democratic candidate for Supervisor, and came within thirteen votes of an elec- tion. The three years spent in the district attorney's office were devoted to assiduous labor and the extension of his professional attainments. He then formed a law part- nership with the late Isaac V. Vanderpocl, e.x-State Treasurer, under the firm name of Vanderpoel & Cleveland. Here the bulk of the work devolved on Cleveland's shoul- ders, and he soon won a good standing at the bar of Erie County. In 1869 Mr. Cleveland formed a partnership with ex- Senator A. P. Laning and e.\-Assistant United States District Attorney Oscar Fol- som, under the firm name of Laning, Cleve- land & Folsom. During these years he began to earn a moderate professional in- come; but the larger portion of it was sent to his mother and sisters at Holland Patent to whose support he had contributed ever since i860. He served as sheriff of Erie Countv, i870-'4, and then resumed the practice of law, associating himself with the Hon. Lyman K. Bass and Wilson S. Bissell. The firm was strong and popular, and soon commanded a large and lucrative practice. Ill health forced the retirement of Mr. Bass in 1879, ^"d the firm became Cleveland & Bissell. In iBBi Mr. George J. Sicard was added to the firm. In the autumn election of 1881 he was elected mayor of Buffalo by a majority of over 3,500 — the largest majority ever given a candidate for mayor^and the Democratic city ticket was successful, although the Republicans carried Buffalo by over i,ooo majority for their State ticket. Grover Cleveland's administration as mayor fully justified the confidence reposed in him by the people of Buffalo, evidenced by the great vote he received. The Democratic State Convention met at Syracuse, September 22, 1882, and nomi- nated Grover Cleveland for Governor on the third ballot and Cleveland was elected by 192,000 majority. In the fall ot 1 884 he was elected President of the United States by about 1,000 popular majority, in New York State, and he was accordingly inaugurated the 4th of March following. PJiESIDE.VTS OF THE UNITED STATES. ^^^^y^^.. . .|>_i=Sj(a^l'':Sv2==«-«^ ^mh BENJAMIN HAI^r^ISON. | k'^ ?-5 EXJAMIN IIAKRISON, tlie twenty-third Presi- dent of the United States, LS89, was born at North Bend, Hamilton County, Ohio, in tlie house of his grandfather, AVilliam Hen- ry Harrison (wlio was the ninth President of this country), August 20th, 1833. He is a descendant of one of the historical families of this country, as also of England. The head of the family was a Major-General Harrison who was devoted to the cause of Oliver Cromwell. It became the duty of this Har- I'ison to participate in the trial of Charles 1. and afterward to sign the death warrant of the Iving, which subsequently cost him his life. His enemies succeeding to power, he was condemned and executed October 13tli, 1660. His descendants came to America, and the first mention made in history of the Harrison family as representative in ])ublic affairs, is that of Benjamin Harrison, great- grandfather cf our present President, who was a member of the Continental Congress, 1774-5-6, and one of the original signers of the Declaration of Independence, and three times Governor of Virginia. His son, Will- iam Henry Harrison, made a brilliant mili- tary record, was Governor of the Northwest Territory, and tlie ninth President of the United States. The subject of this sketch at an early age became a student at Farmers College, where he remained two years, at the end of which time he entered Miami University, at Ox- ford, Ohio. Upon graduation from said seat of learning he entered, as a student, the of- fice of Stover & Gwyne, a notable law firm at Cincinnati, Ohio, where he applied himself closely to the study of his chosen profession, and here laid the foundation fur the honora- ble and famous career before him. He spent two years with the linn in Cincinnati, at the expiration of which time he received the only inheritance of his life, which was a lot left him by an aunt, which he sold for !i^SOO. This sum he deemed sufficient to justify him in marrying the lady of his choice, and to whom he was then engaged, a daughter of Dr. Scott, then Principal, of a female school at Oxford, Ohio. After marriage he located at Indianapolis, Indiana, where he began the practice of law. Meeting -with slight encouragement he made but little the first year, but applied himself . cJv^ ^jj^rp^-'^^V't^s^i:?^''^^ BENJAMIN HARRISON. '23 closely to his business, and by perseverance, lionorable dealing and an npright life, suc- ceeded in building upan extensive practice and took a leading position in the legal profession. In 1860 he was nominated for the position of Supreme t'onrt lleporter for the State of Indiana, and then began his experience as a stump speaker. He canvassed the State thoroughly and was elected. In 1882 his patriotism caused him to abandon a civil office and to offer his country his services in a military capacity. He or- ganized the Seventieth Indiana Infantry and was chosen its Colonel. Although his regi- ment was composed of raw material, and he practically void of militar^^ schooling, he at once mastered military tactics and drilled his men, so that when he with his i-egiment was assigned to Gen. Sherman's command it was known as one of the best drilled organ- izations of the army. He was especially distinguished for bravery at the battles of Eesacca and Peach Tree Creek. For his bravery and efficiency at the last named bat- tle he was made a Brigadier-General, Gen- eral Hooker speaking of him in the most complimentary terms. While General Harrison was actively en- gaged in the Held the Supreme Court declared the office of Supreme Court Reporter vacant, and another person was elected to fill the position. From the time of leaving Indiana with his regiment for the front, until the fall of 18G4, General Harrison had taken no leave of absence. But having been nominated that year for the same office that he vacated in order to serve his country where he could do the greatest good, he got a thirty-day leave of absence, and during that time canvassed the State and was elected for another term as Supreme Court Reporter. He then started to rejoin his command, then with General Sherman in the South, but was stricken down with fever and after a very trying siege, made his way to the front, and participated in the closing scenes and incidents of the war. In 1868 General Harrison declined a re- election as Reporter, and applied himself to the practice of his profession. He was a candidate for Governor of Indiana on the Republican ticket in 1876. Although de- feated, the brilliant campaign brought him to public notice and gave him a National reputation as an able and formidable debater and he was much sought in the Eastern States as a public speaker. He took an act- ive part in the Presidential campaign of 1880, and was elected to the United States Senate, where he served six years, and was known as one of the strongest debaters, as well as one of the ablest men and best law- yers. When his term expired in the Senate he resumed his law practice at Indianapolis, becoming the head of one of the strongest law firms in the State of Indiana. Sometime prior to the opening of the Presidential campaign of 1888, the two great political parties (Republican and Democratic) drew the line of political battle on the ques- tion of tariff, which became the leading issue and the rallying watchword during the mem- orable campaign. The Republicans appealed to the people for their voice as to a tariff to protect home industries, while the Democrats wanted a tariff for revenue only. The Re- publican convention assembled in Chicago in June and selected Mr. Harrison as their standard bearer on a jjlatform of ];rinciples, among other important clauses being that of protection, which he cordially indorsed in accepting the nomination. November 0, 1888, after a heated canvass, General Harri- son was elected, defeating Grover Cleveland, who was again the nominee of the Demo- cratic party. He was inaugurated and as- sumed the duties of his office March 4, 1889. ii!>> HISTORY -OK- ^MINNESOTA> ffjT) 'STf"*^ CHAPTER II. HISTORY OF MINNESOTxV — FEOM 1000 TO 1887. HE first ex])loration by whites of the territory wJiich now com- prises the State of Minnesota dates back early into the seven- teenth century. It is claimed by good authorit}' that Jean Nicolet (pronounced Nicolay), one of Champlain's interpreters, was the first to spread knowl- edge of the country west of Lake Michigan. As early as 1635 he set foot upon the western shores of Lake Michigan, and ti'aded near Green Baj^, also roaming over various portions of "Wisconsin at about that time. In December of the same year he i-eturned to Canada. It is very doubtful whether Nicolct ever set foot on Minnesota soil, although it is certain that his visit to tlie country west of Lake Michigan was the means of spreading knowledge of this country, and of the aboiigines of Minnesota. It was said of him that he penetrated far distant countries, and in a letter bearing date of 1040, it is stated that "if he had proceeded three days more on a river which flows from that lake (Green Bay), he would have found the sea." The death of this explorer occurred at Three liivers in lO-tO. After Nicolet's visit to Wisconsin, for a quarter of a century history brings no trace of any explorations concerning this region. At the end of this time, in 1000, the first white men of whom there is any reliable record, set foot on Minnesota soil. They were Medard Chouart, called Groselliers, and Pierre d'Esprit, who was known as Sieur Eadisson. Both were Frenchmen wlio had come to Canada when young men to engage in the fur trade. About the middle of that century several important changes had been made in the location of Indian tribes. The Hurons and their allies, the Ottawas, after successive battles, had drifted to the west of Lake Michigan. In former times they had been located in the St. Lawrence region. Finally reaching the Mississippi they found the Iowa River. Later, returning to the Mississippi, they settled upon an island in the river near where the city of Hastings is now^ located ; but becoming involved in battles with the Sioux, we finally find the Hurons located about the headwaters of the Chippeway, and the Ottawas on the shores of Lake Superior, near where Bay- field is now situated. It was to trade with the Indians that the two Frenchmen men- tioned, Groselliers and Radisson, made their trip to this wild region. They passed the winter of 1059-00 among the Sioux villages in th.e Mille Lacs country, and the following spring and summer was sfjcnt in the region of Lake Superior. In August, 1060, they returned to Montreal, and their report of the countr\^ they had visited created much ex- citement. "Within a few weeks an exploring and trading party was formed, and accom- panied by six Frenchmen and two priests, one of whom was the Jesuit, Rene Menard, they again started westward, and on the 15tii of October, 1600, they reached the Ottawa settlement on the shores of Lake Superior. The objects of this party were various, some bent on exploration, others on trading, while Father IMenard went as a missionary. Groselliers (pronounced Gro- say-ya) and Radisson, accompanied by others, 120 HISTORY OF MINNESOTA. pushed on through the country to the northwest of Lake Superior and at length reached Hudson's Bay. They returned to Montreal in May, 1662. The names of all the members of this party have not been preserved. Groselliers and Ilad- isson proceeded to Paris, thence to Lon- don, where they were well received bj' the nobility and scientific men. A vessel was fitted out and placed at their disposal, in the hope of finding a northwest passage to Asia. In June, 1668, they left England and made an extended voyage, reaching a tributary of Hudson's Bay and returning to England, where, in 1670, the famous trading corporation, the " Hudson's Bay Company," was chartered. Now to return to the venerable Father Menard, who had been left among the Ottawa Indians on the shores of Lake Superior in October, 1600. For nearly a year he lived there in a cabin built of fir liranches. In the summer of 1661 he decided to visit the Hurons, who had fled eastward from the Sioux of ^rinnesota and were located among the woods of northern Wisconsin, as stated. He was accompanied by one Frenchman, whose name has been lost in the mist of years. They became separated, and Father Menard was lost, as Perrot says, "in the labyrinth of trees." This was the last ever positively known of him, although his brevi- ary and cassock were said afterward to have been found among the Sioux Indians. Whether this good and venerable man starved or was murdered or captured by the Indians will forever be shrouded in mystery. These were tiie earliest explorations of the Northwest of which any record has Ijcen left, but after that period this region was visited by various parties at long intervals, and many interesting documents have been j)re- served giving accounts of their journeys and discoveries. About the year 1665 several French ti'ad- ere and the Jesuit, Allouez, visited the coun- try ofl' the western shore of Lake Su])erior. Early in 1679 we find Daniel 0. Du Luth west of Lake Michigan, and it is believcil he planted the French aiims on ^Minnesota soil. Ilis records state that " on July 2d. he caused his Majesty's arms to be planted in the great village of the Nadousioux, called Kathio, and at Songaskicous and Ilouctbatons, one hundred and twenty leagues distant from the former." Kev. E. D. Neill in his tliorough work relating to early explorers of Minnesota, locates this as being "one hun- dred and twenty leagues beyond Mille Lacs." Du liUth states that at one point on Minnesota soil he found upon a tree tliis legend: " Arms of the King cut on this tree in the year 1679." He established several posts, carried on trading with the Indians, and was probably the most prominent of the early exploi-ers. Later he was stationed near Lake Erie and died in 1710. His reports furnish much interesting information regarding the early explorations in the Northwest. La Salle was given a commission by the King of France in 1678 to "explore the West," and do limited trading. He visited various parts of the Northwest. His jeal- ousy of Du Luth appears to form a consider- able portion of his oificial reports, but it is stated on good authority that he wrote the first description of the upper Mississipjii Valley, August 22, 16S2, some montiis before the publication of Father Henne])in"s first work, "Description de la Louisiane." He must, however, have obtained his information from one of Hennepin's men. Father Louis Hennepin's explorations and adventures through the Northwest form an interesting chapter in the earlier history of this region. He was a native of Ath, an in- land town of the Netherlands, and had early assumed the robes of ]iriesthood. In 1676 he came to Canada, and two years later was HISTORY OF MINNESOTA. 127 oi-dci'cd to join the La Salle exploring expe- dition. A ship was rigged, and on August 7th, 1679, its sails caught the breezes of Lake Erie — the first European vessel launched on the great lakes. La Salle con- ducted his expedition to Green Bay, thence along the coast of Lake IMichigan, and about, tlie middle of January, 16S0, landed it on an eminence near Lake Peoria, on the Illinois River, where he commenced the erection of Fort Crevecoeur. On the last of February of the same year. Father Hennepin, in company with Michael Accault (Ako) and Angelle, left the fort to ascend the Mississippi River. On the 11th of April, 16S0, after having reached a point north of the Chippewa River, they were met and taken charge of by a )«irty of over a hundred Sioux Indians. They then proceeded with the Indians to their villages, nearly sixty leagues north of St. An- tliony falls. The^^ remained with the Indians ^ome time, being well treated, and on the 25th of July, 1680, they were met Ijy Du Luth, who was accompanied by his interpre- ter, Fafifart, and several French soldiers. They then proceeded to Mille Lacs, arriving, according to Father's Hennepin writings, on the 11th of August, 1680. In the latter part of September they started to return to the French settlement, passing by St. Anthony falls. Father Hennepin published two works relating to his discoveries, the first, " De- scription de la Louisiane," in 1836; the sec- ond, " The New Discovery," in 1697. These works called forth much criticism, as there can be no doubt Hennepin greatly magnified his own importance, and exaggerated his services ami discoveries. For instance, he claims to have descended the Mississippi River to the Gulf of JMexico, before proceed- ing northward, then returned and proceeded on to the St. Anthony falls. This in the face of his own stated facts — leaving Fort Creve- coeur the last of Februarj% he claims to have made this wonderful trip, and arrived two miles south of where the city of St. Paul is now located, late in vVpril, giving the 11th of April as the date of their capture by the Indians. However this may be. Father Hennepin's work was not in vain, and his memory is entitled to the credit for that which he did. His publications hastened and facilitated exploration, and his failing — if such it was — should be treated with charity. La Salle speaks of him highly, but charitably says, " it was his failing to magnify those adventures which concerned him." During lOSl, Nicholas Perrot and Le Sueur visited Lake Pepin, and the following winter the French traded with the Indians on Minnesota soil. Perrot had been ap- pointed by the governor of Canada as the commandant for the West, and was accom- panied by twenty men. Upon his arrival he caused a stockade to be built on the east bank of Lake Pepin, which bore his name for many j'ears. He discovered a number of lead mines, and his name figures conspicu- ously in the history of the early French ex- plorations and frontier woi'k. Perrot re- mained for some time after building the fort, then, in 1686, returned to Green Bay. He passed much time in collecting allies for the expedition against the Iroquois in New York, and in the spring of 16ST, was with DuLuth and Tont}^ with the French and Indian allies in the expedition against the Senecas of the Genesee Valley in New York. The follow- ing year he was sent with a company of Frenchmen to reoccupy the post on Lake Pepin, in Minnesota, and it was in 1689 that Perrot, in the presence of Father Joseph James Marest, a Jesuit, Boisgniblot, a trader on the Wisconsin and Mississippi, and Le Seur, made a formal I'ecord of taking posses- sion of the Sioux country in the name of the King of France. Le Sueur, who accompanied Perrot in his first trip to Lake Pepin in 1684, was inti- mately connected with that explorer's move- I2S niSTOKY OF MIXXHSOTA. ments. In 1092 Le Sueur was sent by Gov. Frontenac, of Canada, to the extremity of Lake Superior to maintain peace between the Indian tribes. Entering the Sioux country, in 1694, he estabhshcd a post upon a prairie island, nine miles below where Hast- ings is now located. He Avas accompanied by Penicaut and others. Here they estab- lislied a fort and storehouse and passed the winter, as game was ver}'^ abundant. On July 15, 1G95, V^c Sueur went back to Mon- treal accompanied Ijy a party of Ojibways, and the first Dakolah brave that ever visited Canada. Le Sueur then visited France, and in 1697 received a license to open certain mines tliat were supposed to exist in Minne- sota. The ship in which he was returning was ca])tured by the English, and he was taken to England; when released he returned to France and secured a new commission, but it was afterward suspended. Fortunately, D Ilberville, a kinsman of Le Sueur, was ap- pointed governor of the new territory of Louisiana, and in December, 1699, Le Sueur arrived from France with thirty workmen to proceed to the mines. During the next year he ascended the Minnesota River with his expedition, and in October, 1700, built a fort on the Blue Earth River, which he named L'lluillier. This was occupied by Le Sueur's men until 1702, when it was abandoned because of the hostility of the Indians. Charlevoix, who visited the val- ley of the icwer Mississippi in 1722, says that " Le Sueur spent at least one winter in his fort on the banks of the Blue Earth, and that in the following April he went up to the mine, almut a mile ahove, and in twenty-two days they obtained more than 30,000 ])ounds of the substance — lead." Le Sueur estimated the Sioux Indians at that time as being four thousand families. In 1703 a little volume was published in France and England by Baron La Ilon- tan, giving an account of his " travels," in Avhich he claimed to have penetrated and pursued explorations through the territory which now *orms Minnesota, farther than any of hi^ predecessors. He states that he found a river tributary to the ^Mississippi, and describes a journey of 500 miles up this stream, which he named Long River. His woniierful stoiy was believed at the time and the river was placed upon the early maps; but in later j'ears it was discredited ami is now by the closest students and ablest historians treated as fabulous. In September, 1727, Fort Beauharnois was erected and a French post established on the shores of Lake Pepin, under the directions of Sieur de la Perriere. An extensive trade was carried on with the Indians here, and it was occupied for a number of years. In 1 728 Veranderie, who had been placed in com- mand of a post on Lake Xepigon, began lay- ing plans for finding a corjmunication with the Pacific Ocean. An expeditiuu was fitted out which left Montreal in 1731, under the management of his sons and a nei)hew, De la Jemeraye, he not joining the party until 1733. A fourth son joined the expedition in 1735. In the autumn of 1731, the party reached Rainy Lake, at the foot of which a post, called Fort St. Pierre, was erected. The next year they I'eached Lake of the Woods, and established Fort St. Charles on its southwest bank. A few miles from Lake AVinnepeg they established a post on the Assinaboine, and a fort was established on the Maurepas ("Winnepeg) River. In June, 173t), while twenty-one of the expedition were encamped on an isle in the Lake of the "Woods, tliev were surprised bv a Ijand of Sioux Indians hostile to the French allies, and all were killed. The island on this ac- count is called Massacre Island. The re- maining portion of the expedition pro- gressed as best they could. October 3, 173S, they built an advanced post called Fort la Reine on the Assinaboine River. IIISTOR Y OF MINNESOTA. Tliey came in sight of the Eocky Mountains on the 1st of January, 1743, and, on the 12tli, ascended them. In 1741, after plant- ing a leaden plate of the arms of France in the upper Missouri country, tliey returned, reaciiing Minnesota soil late in June, and after establishing several posts in the ex- treme northern frontier country they finally returned to Montreal. E.xpeilitions were afterward fitted out, one of which again reached the TJocky Mountains, hut tiie clasli of arms between France and England put an end to the explorations so far as the French were concei'ued. In 1763, by thetreaty of Versailles, France ceded Minnesota east of the Mississippi to England and west of it to Spain. In 17t!»i Ca[)t. Jonatiiau Carver, the first British sub- ject, although a native of Connecticut, visited the Falls of St. Anthony. He spent some three years among the different tribes of Indians in the upper Mississippi country ; found the Indinn nations at war and suc- ceeded in making peace between them. As a reward for his good ollices, it is claimed that two chiefs of the Sioux, acting for their nation, at a council held with Carver at a great cave, now within the corporate limits of St. Paul, deeded to Carver a vast tract of land on the Mississippi Eiver, extending from the Falls of St. Anthony to the foot of Lake Pepin, on the Mississippi, thence east one hundred miles; thence north one hundred and twenty miles; thence west to the place of beginning. This pretended grant, how- ever, was examined by our government and totally ignored. At the begmning of the present century there were no white men in Minnesota, except the few engaged in the fur trade, and the posts were chiefly held by the Northwest Com- ])any, which corporation in 1794 erected a stockade at Sandy Lake. In 1802 we find William Morrison trading at Leech Lake, and two years later at Itasca. In the meantime. in 1796, the laws of the ordinance of 1787 had been extended over the Northwest, and on May 7, 1800, that part of Minnesota east of the Mississippi had become a part of In- diana by the division of Ohio. On the 20th of December, 1803, that part of Minnesota west of the Mississippi, for forty years in the possession of Spain as a part of Louisiana, was ceded to the United States by Napoleon Bonaparte, who had just obtained it fidm Spain. In 1804 Fp])er Louisiana Tei'ritory was constituted. During the following year the United States for the fii'st time sent an officer to Minnesota, in the [)erson of Lieut. Z. M. Pike, who established government re- lations and obtained the Fort Snelling reser- vation from the Dakotahs. He I'emained here for some tiine, but the. war of 1812 coming on postponed the militarv occupa- tion of the upper Mississippi by the United States for several years. Pike aftei'ward fell in battle at York, in Upper Canadii. In 1817 the Earl of Selkirk, a nobleman, visited the Scotch colony on the Ped Piver, established in 1812, and created quite an ex- citement on the part of some of the United States authorities. The same year Mayor Stephen II. Long, of the United States En- gineer Corps, visited Minnesota and made a report recommending the Ijluff' at the jimc- tion of the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers as a site for a fort. In 1819 Minnesota east of the ]\rississi]ipi Piver became a part of Crawford County, Mich. During the same year Fort Snell- ing was established and the site of Mendota was occupied by the United States troops, under Col. Leavenworth. Major Taliaferro was a])pointed Indian agent. During the year 1820 much of interest transpired on Minnesota soil. Early in the spring Jean Baptiste Faribault brought Leavenworth's horses from PrairieduChien. On the .5th of May Col. Leavenworth estab- lished summer quarters at Camp Coldwater, 130 HISTOR y OF MINNESOTA. (Hennepin County). In July Gov. Cass, of Micliigan, visitetl iho camps. In August Col. Joshia Snelling succeeded Leavenworth in conunand, and on tlie 2(>tli of Septeniljcr the conier-stone of Fort Snelling (then Fort St. Anthony) was laid. On the 15th of April t lie superintendent of farming for Earl Sel- kirk left Prairie du Chien, having purchased seed wheat; he ascended the Minnesota Kiver to Dig Stone Lake, where the boats weie placed on rollers, dragged a short dis- tance to LakeTravcr.se, and reached Penibina .lune 3. This j'ear the first marriage in Minnesota occurred, Lieut. Green to a (iiuigiiler of Capt. Gooding. The first birth oS. a white child in the State occurred this year, a daugliter to Col. Snelling; died the following year. In 1S21 Fort St. Anthony (Snelling) was sufficiently completed to be occupied by ti'oops. During this year a sawmill Avas constructed at St. Anthony Falls for the use of tiie garrison under the supervision of Lieut. JMcCabe. Nothing of particular interest transpired during 1822. In 1823, however, the first steamboat, the A^irginia, arrived at the mouth of tiie Minnesota Kiver on the 10th of May, and created consternation among the Indians. I'eltrami, the Italian, during the same year explored the northernmost sources of the Mississippi, and Maj. Long, of the United States army, visited the northern bounsire, because, ever since the outbreak, the public journals of the country, religious and secular, have teemed with editorials by and communications from 'reliable individuals,' politicians, ])liilantin-o- [)ists, philosophers and hii'cd ' penny-a-liners,' mostly mistaken and sometimes willfully and grossly false, giving the cause of the Indian raid." Maj. Galbraith enumei'ates a vaiiety of other exciting causes of the massacre, which our limit will not allow us to insert in this volume. Amonsj other causes. that the United States was itself at war, and that Washington was taken bv the negroes. . . But none of these Avere, in his opini(jn. the cause of the outbreak. The Major then adds: "Grievances such as have been related, and numberless othei's akin to them, were spoken of, I'ecited, and chanted at their councils, dances and feasts, to such an extent that, in their excitenicnt. in .lime, 1SG2, a secret organization known as the 'Soldiers' Lodge' was founded by the young m(>n and soldiers of the lower Sioux, with the object, as far as I was abh^ to learn through spies and informers, of preventing the 'traders' from going to the pay-tables, as had been their custom. Since the outbreak I have become satisfied that the real object of this 'Lodge' was to adopt measures to 'clean out ' all the white people at the end of the payment." Whatever may have been the cause of the fearful and bloody tragedy, it is certain that the manner of the execution of the infernal deed was a deep-laid conspiracy, long cher- ished by Little Crow, taking form under the guise of the " Soldiers' Lodge," and matuiril in secret Indian councils." In all these secret movements Little Crow was tlie moving spirit. Now the o]iportune moment seemed to have come. Only thirty soldiers were sta- tioned at Fort Ridgely. Some thirty were all that Fort Kipley could muster, and at ///S7VA')' Of MIXXESOTA. 137 Fort Abercrombie, one company under Capt. Van Der Ilork was all the whites could depend upon to repel any attack in that quai'tor. The whole effective force for the defense of the entire frontier, fi'oni Pembina to the Towa line, did not exceed 200 men. Tlie annuity money was daily expected, and no troojjs except about one hundred men at Yellow Medicine, had been detailed, as usual, to attend the anticipated ])a3'mcnt. Here was a glittering prize to be paraded before the minds of the excited savages. The wliites \vere weak ; they were engaged in a terrible war among themselves; their atten- tion was now directed toward the great struggle in the South. At such a time, offer- ing so many chances for rapine and plunder, it would be easy to unite at least all the annuity Indians in one common movement. Little Crow knew full well that the Indians could easily be made to believe that now was a favorable time to make a grand attack upon the border settlements. A memorable council convened at Little Crow's village, near tiie lower agency, on Sunday night, August 3, previous to the attack on Fort Ridgely, and precisely two weeks before the massacres at Acton. Little Crow was at this council, and he was not wanting in ability to meet the greatness of the occasion. The proceedings of this council, of course, Avere secret. The council matured the details of the conspiracy It appears that the next day, August 4, a pai'ty of ninety-six Indians in war paint and fully armed, rode up to Foi-t Ridgely and re- quested permission to hold a dance and feast in the fort. The}' were allowed to hold the dance outside the fort, but Sero-eant Jones, with singular foresight, mounted a howitzer charged with shell and canister-shot and guarded the entrance, having it pointed toward the Indians. After finishing the dance the red-skins left without making the attack, which liad undoubted!}' been medi tated. Only thirty soldiers occupied the post at Foi't Ilidgely, and this was deemed amply sufficient for tunes of peace. On the same day a gi-eat many Indians were encamped aliout the Upper Agency. They were afi'aid they would not get their annuity money, which had not arrived as yet. They had been complaining bitterly of starvation, and on this day made an attack on the wareiiouse, carrying off a great deal of flour and other provisions. The matter, however, was finally adjusted, and the agent issued rations, promising to distribute their money as soon as it should arrive. None of the Indians, liowever, were punished for theii" attack on the supply house. We now come to the massacre itself, the first blow of which fell upon the town of Acton, in Meeker County, about thirty-five miles northeast of the Lower Sioux Agency. On Sunday, August 17, 1802, six Sioux In dians bi'utally murdered a man named Jones, with his wife and a daughter, and a man named "Webster and Howard Baker. On the next day, Monday, the massacre at the Lower Agency occurred, where many were killed and fearfully mutilated. A few escaped and made their way to the eastern settlements. The Indians declared it to be their intention to kill or drive off all the whites to the east of the Mississippi Eiver, and to spare none. All that day the work of plunder Avent on at the lower agency, and when the stoi'es and dwellings had been emptied, they were fired. So complete was the surprise and so sudden and unexpected tiie terrible blow that not a single one of the host of savages was slain. In thirty min- utes from the time the first gun was fired not a white person was left alive. All were either weltering in their gore or liad fied in fear and terror from that place of death. It seems that liundreds of the In- dians had gathered here and then dispersed 13S HISTORY or- MIXNESOTA. through the scattered settlements for their murderous work. On tlie same morning — of August 18 — tlie massacre began on the nortli side of the Minnesota Eiver, from Ijii-eii Coolie to Beaver Creek and bevond, and the reo-ion was strewn with the mutilated bodies of the dead and d3nng men, women and children. So Ww tci'ril)le warfare continued, inurder- ing and burning ; none were allowed to es- cape who could possibly be discovered. The outbreak extended over a vast scope of coun- try, and the Indians numbered well up into the tliousands. Tlie entire lengtii of the Minnesota and its tributaries, and out into Dakota, together with all the western part of this State was the scene everywhere of a carnival of blood. The counties affected have ali-eady been named. On the 18th of August the Indians at- tacked New Ulm, and after several battles and skirmishes were defeated. A few days later the whites evacuated the town and moved toward Mankato. On the ISth of August the battle at Lower Agency Ferry was fought. On the 20th, seeing they were foiled in their attack on New Ulm, they made a furious assault on Fort Ridgely. A number of whites were killed and wounded, but the Indians were defeated. The attack was re- newed on the 22d and another severe battle occurred, which was ended by night coming on. Numerous engagements were also fought in the northern part of the State. Throughout all the Minnesota River coun- try many women and children were taken prisoners. In the meantime comjmnies had been raised and were ever3'where following- up the Indiansand guarding the various posts at whicli the settlers had gathered. These various companies had also picked up a great many wounded found on tiie prairies, and also buried the dead. On the 1st of Septeiiber, Compan3' A, Sixth Regiment Minnesota Vol- unteers, under Capt. H. P. Grant, fouglit tiie l)attle of Birch Coolie, a most terribh; and bloody engagement. The noble little band of soldiers were relieved on Septembci- 3, by an advance movement of Col. Sibley's forces at Fort Ridgelv. The signal defeat of Little Crow at this battle, in effect, ended the efforts of the Indians in subduing the whites on the border. After this battle all of the Indian forces under Little Crow be- ^an a retreat up the valley of the Minnesota toward Yellow Medicine; and on Se])teni- ber l('). Col. Sibley, with his whole Cdiunin. moved in pursuit of the fleeing foe, and on the 2:>d they came up with the Indians and defeated them in the battle of Wood Lake. This put an end to the hopes of Little Crow. On thesame day as the battle of Wood Lake, the Wapeton band of Indians surrentlered later and turned over to Col. Sibley all the captives — 107 whites and 102 half-bi'eeds. This place has since been known as " Camp Release." After the disaster at Wood Lake, Little Crow retreated in the direction of Big Stone Lake, with those who remained with him. The chief was never captured, but is said to have been killed at Scattered Lake in 1803. Col. Sibley continued to pursue the deserting Indians, and demanded the surrender of all bands. By the Sth of October, 1802, ])rison- ers had come in and surrendered to the num- ber of 2,000. Scouting parties were sent over various parts of the West, and, until all danger of further depredations was ] ast, soldiers were stationed at all of the frontitr posts and settlements. A military commission was soon after inaugurated to try the })arties charged Avith murder of white persons. On the 5th of November, 1802, 321 Indians and their allies were found guilty, and 303 were recom- mended for capital punishment, and tlie others for imprisonment. They were im- niSTOKY OF MIXXESOTA. 139 mediate]}' removed under a guard of 1,500 men to South Bend, on the Minnesota River, to await further orders from the govern- ment. The final decision of the President was rendered on tlie 17th of December, 1802, ordering that forty of these be imng on Fri- day, Decemljer 2C. One of these died a short time before tlie day set, and one other, a half breed, had his sentence commuted to imprisonment for life just before the fatal da^'. As to the other thirty-eiglit tlie sen- tence was executed at Manlvatoon the day set. On the 16th of February, 1863, the' trea- ties before that time existing between the United States and tliese "annuity Indians" were abrogated and annullcHl, and all lands and rights of occupancy, and all annuities and claims then existing in favor of said Indians, were declared forfeited. Thus ended the saddest chapter of Minnesota's history. CHAPTER IV. TEEPJTORIAL AND STATE OFFICERS. TERRITORIAL OFFICERS. rS HE first governor of the Terri- tory of Minnesota was Alexander Ilamsey, who served from June 1, 1S4!», to T\ray 15, 185:1. Willis A. Gorman succeeded liim, and held the office until April 23) 1857. Samuel Medary was the next territorial governor, and held the office until the State officers were sworn in. May 24-, 1858. The first secretary of the Territory was Charles K. Smith, who served from June 1, 1849, until October 23, 1851, when Alexander Wilkin qualified and held the office until May 15, 1853. Joseph Travis liosser was the next, and served until April 23, 1857. Charles L. Chase, the last territorial sec- retary, (jualified on the date last named and served until succeeded by the newly chosen secretary of state. May 24, 1858. The oilice tif territorial treasurer was first filled by Calvin A. Tuttle, wlio served from November 3, 1849, to July 2, 1853. George W. Pre-scott came next and retained the position until February 24, 1854. Succeed- ing him Charles E. Leonard served until May 7, 1857, when George W. Armstrong was appointed and served until tlie State officei's qualified, May 24, 1858. J. E. ]\[clvusick was the first territorial -auditoi', qualifying November 3, 1849, and serving until November 30, 1852. A. Van Vorhees succeeded him and held the office until the 15th of May, 1853, when Socrates Nelson qualified. January 17, 1854, Julius Georgii took charge of the office and served until succeeded by the State auditor, May 24, 1858. During the existence of the Territory of Minnesota, Lorenzo A. Babcock and then Lafayette Emmett were the only ones to hold the office of attorney general. Tiie first named served from June 1, 1849, until May 15, 1853, and the latter from 1853 until May 24, 1858. In territorial times there were no district judges, but the justices of the supreme court attended to all judicial matters now within the jurisdiction of the district bench. The first chief justice of the territorial supreme court was Aaron Goodrich, who served from June 1, 1849, to November 13, 1851, when Jerome Fuller was a]ipointed and presided until December 16, 1852. Henry Z. Ha\'ner was next appointed, but never presided at a term of court. William II. Welch was aj)- pointed April 7, 1853, and served until ilay 24, 1858. David Cooper and Bradlej^ B. Meeker were the first associate justices, and served from June 1, 1849, until April 7, 1853. Their successors were Andrew G. Chatlield and Moses G. Sherburne, who retained the positions until April, 1857, and were fol- lowed by R. R. Nelson and Charles E. Flandrau, who served until the State officers qualified. The clerks of the territorial supreme court were : James K. Humphrey, Andrew J. Whit- ney and George AV. Prescott, in the order named. The reporters were : William IIol- linshead, Isaac Atwater, John B. Brisbin, M. E. Ames and Harvey Officer. Henry II. Sibley was the first delegate from the Territory to Congress, serving from January 15, 1849, to March 4, 1853. Henry no HISTORY OF MINNESOTA. 141 M. Tiice was the second, serving- from De- cember 5, 1853, to March 4, 1S5T, when he was succeeded by W. W. Kingsbury, who qualified December 7, 1857, and whose term expired May 11, 1S58. STATE OFFICEKS. The governors of the State of Minnesota, in tlieir order have been as follows: Henry II. Sibley, from May 2-i, 1858, to January 2, ISGO ; Alexander Eamsey, to Jidy 10, 1SC3 ; Henry A. Swift, to January 11, 186-1; Stephen Miller, during 1864-5; William E. Marsliall, during 1866-7-8-9 ; Horace Aus- tin, during 1870-1-2-3 ; Cushman K. Davis, during 1874-5 ; John S. Pillsbury, during 1876-7-8-9-80-81 ; Lucius F. Hubbard, dur- ing 1882-3-4-5-6, and A. E. McGill, the present governor, who assumed the duties of the office January 5, 1887. The lieutenant governors since the organ- ization of the State have been as follows : William Ilolcomb, from May 24, 185S, to January 2, 1860 ; Ignatius Donnelly, to March 3, 1863 ; Henry A. Swift, to July 10, 1863 ; Charles D. Sherwood, during 1S64-5 ; Thomas H. Armstrong, during 1866-7-8-9 ; William H. Yale, during 1870-1-2-3; Al- phonzo Barto, during 1874-5 ; James B. Wakefield, during 1876-7-8-9 ; C. A. Gill- man, during 1880-1-2-3-4-5-6, and A. E. Eice, who qualified January 4, 1887. The office of secretary of State has been filled successively by the following gen- tlemen : Francis Baasen, from May 24, 1858, to January 2, 1860 ; James II. Baker, to November 17, 1862; David Blakely, to Janu- aiy 8, 1866; Henry C. Eogers, during the years 1866-7-8-9 ; Hans Mattson, during 1870-1 ; S. P. Jennison, during 1872-3-4-5 ; John S. Irgens, during 1876-7-8-9; Fred. Von Baumbach, during 1880-1-2-3-4-5-6, and Hans Mattson, during 1887-8. The State ti'easurers have been as follows : George W. Armstrong, from May 24, 1858, to January 2, 1860; Charles Scheffer, during 1S60-1-2-3-4-5-6-7 ; Emil Munch, during 1868-9-70-1 ; William Seeger, from January 5, 1872. to February 7, 1873 ; Ed win W. Dyke, to January 7, 1876 ; AVilliani Pfaender, dur- ing 1876-7-8-9 ; Charles Kittelson, during 1S80-1-2-3-4-5-6, and Joseph Bobleter, the present treasurer, who was elected for 1887-8. The auditors of State have been as fol- lows : W. F. Dunbar, from May 24, 1858, to January 1, 1861 ; Charles Mcllrath to January 13, 1873 ; O. P. Whitcomb, to Jan- uary 10, 1882, and AV. W. Brauen, who is the present incumbent of the office. The office of attorne}^ general has been filled as follows : Charles II. Berry, served from May 24, 1858, to January 2, 1860 ; Gor- don E. Cole, served during 18^60-1-2-3-4-5 ; William Colville, during 1866-7; F. E. E. Cornell, during 1808-9-70-1-2-3 ; George P. Wilson, during 1874-5-6-7-8-9 ; Charles M. Start, from January 10, 1880, to March 11, 1881 ; W. J. Hahn, to January 5, 1887, and Moses E. Clapp, the present attorney general. The present board of railroad commission- ers is made up of Horace Austin, John L. Gibbs and George L. Becker. Those who have composed the board in the past were: A. J. Edgerton, W. E. Marshall, J. J. Ean- dall, J. H. Baker and S. S. Murdock. Edward D. Neill was the first superintend- ent of public instruction for Minnesota. He was appointed in March, 1860, and on the 1st of July, 1861, was succeeded by B. F. Crary. From 1862 to 1867 the secretary of State was ex-qfficio superintendent, but on April 1, 1867, M. II. Dunnell was appointed superintendent, and served until August, 1870, when he was succeeded by II. B. Wil- son. April 3, 1875, David Burt was ap- pointed superintendent, and retained the office until succeeded by the present incum- bent, D. L. Kiehl, who was appointed Sep- tember 1, 1881. 142 HISTORY OF MIXNESOTA. The office of insurance commissioner has been held in turn by Tennock I'usey. A. II. McGill and Charles Shandi'ew ; the last named gentleman having been appointed .laiuuu'v t>, 1887, is the present commissioner. The commissioners of statistics have been as follows: J. A. Wheelock, Pennock Pusev, C. F. Solberg, J. B. Phillips, T. M. Metealf, J. P. Jacobson, F. Sneedorff, Oscar Malmros, A. F. Nordin, A'ictor Iljortsberg and Her- man Stockenstrom. The following is a list of the gentlemen who iiave lilled the office of adjutant-gen- eral : Alex. C. Jones, W. II. Acker, John B. Sanborn, Oscar Malmros, John Peller, H. P. Van Cleve, M. D. Flower, II. A. Castle, H. P. Van Cleve, A. C. Ilawley, C. M. McCar- thy and F. "W. Seeley. JUDICIAKY. The first chief justice of the supreme court of the State was Lafayette Emmett, who was sworn in ]\[ay 2-t, 18.58, and served until January 10, 1805. Thomas Wilson suc- ceeded him and served until July 14, ISfiO, when he was succeeded bv James Gilfillan. Christopher G. Kipley was the next, holding the position from January 7, 1870, until April 7, lST-4, when he was followed by S. J. E. McMillan, who served until March 10, 1875. At that time James Giltillan Ijecarae chief justice, and is the present incumbent. The following statements will show the associate justices, together with the date of qualification of each : Charles E. Flandiau antl Isaac Atwater served from May 24, 1858, to July 6, 1864; S. J. E. McMillan from July 6, 1804, to April 7, 1874 ; Thomas Wilson from July 0, 1804. to January 10, 18ti5 ; George B. Young from April 10, 1874, to January 11, 1875 ; F. K. E. Cornell from January 11, 1875, to May 2.3, 1881, and Greenleaf Clark from March 14, 1881, to January 12, 1882. The present associate justices are John M. Berry, who first quali- fied January 10, 1865 ; D. A. Dickinson, since June 27, 1881 ; William Mitchell, since March 14, 1881, and C. E. Van(K'rbui'gh, since January 12, 1882. As to district courts, the State is now divided into thirteen districts. CHAPTER V. REPRESENTATION IN THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS, AND THE CREATION OF COUNTIES. Senators. ThefirstUnitecl States Senatoi's from Minnesota were James Shields and Henry M. Rice, wiio took the oath of office May 11, 1858. The former was suc- ceeded on March 4th, 1800, by Morton S. "Wilkinson, who served the full term. Daniel S. Norton was sworn in to succeed AVilkin- son, March 4, 18r)7, and died while in office, July 14, 1870. O. P. Stearns was appointed, and served out the few weeks left of the term. William Win- dom came next, and retained the office until March 12, 1881, when he was succeeded by A. J. Edgerton, who resigned, however, in October of the same j^ear, and William Win- dom was again chosen, serving until suc- ceeded by one of the present Senators, D. M. Sabin, March 4, 1883. Henry M. Rice, who was mentioned as a colleague of James Shields, served as United States Senator from May 11, 1858, to j\Iarch 4, 1863, when Alexander Ramsey succeeded him, and retained the position until March 4, 1875. S. J. R. McMillan became United States Senator on the day last named, and occupied the position for two full terms — twelve years — being succeeded March 4, 1887, by Cushman K. Davis, one of the present Senators. REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. The territorial delegates have already been spoken of. When the State of IMinnesota Avas organized, it was entitled to two repi'esent- atives in the House of Representatives of the United States. This state of affairs con- tinued until 1871, when a reapportionment was made, and the State was allowed three members of the House. At that time the State was divided into three congressional districts — ^No. 1, embracing the southern, No. 2 the central, and No. 3 the northern portion of the State. In 1881 another ap- portionment was made, by which the State secured five Representatives. This is the present status of the representation. The State is divided into five congressional dis- tricts, as follows : The first district includes Houston, Fillmore, Mower, Freeborn, Steele, Dodge, Olmsted, Winona and Wabasha counties ; the second district includes Fari- bault, Blue Earth, Waseca, Watonwan, Mar- tin, Cottonwood, Jackson, Murra\', Nobles, Rock, Pipestone, Lincoln, Lyon, Redwood, Brown, Nicollet, Yellow Medicine, Lac qui Parle, Sibley and Le Sueur counties ; the third district embraces Goodhue, Rice, Swift, Dakota, Scott, Carver, McLeod, Meeker, Kandij'ohi, Renville and Chippewa counties; the fourth district includes Washington, Ramsej^ Hennepin, Wright, Pine, Kanabec, Anoka, Chisago, Isanti and Sherburne coun- ties, and the fifth district includes Mille Lacs, Benton, Morrison, Stearns, Pope, Douglas, Stevens, Big Stone, Traverse, Grant, Todd, jw '-11 HISTORY OF MIXXESOTA. Crow Win^, Aitkin, Carlton, Wadena, Otter Tail, Wilkin, Cass, Becker, Clay, Polk, Bel- trami, Marshall, Hubbard, Kittson, Itasca, St. Louis, Lake and Cook counties. ^ The follow ing is a list of the various gen- tlemen who have represented Minnesota in the lower house of Congress, with the years during which tliey served. With one or two exceptions, the term of office began and closed March 4th. W. W. riieips, 1858-9 ; J. M. Cavenaugh, 1858; William Windom, 1860-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8; Cyrus Aldrich, lS(iO-l-2; Ignatius Donnelly, lSC.4-5tj-T-8; M. S. Wilkinson, 1869-70; E. ]\I. Wilson, 1869-70 ; John T. Averill, 1871-2- 3-1; M. H. Dunnell, from 1S71 to 1883; II. B. Straight, 187-lr-5-6-7-S ; William S. King, 1876; J. II. Stewart, 1878; Henry Poehler, I87'.i-S(); n. B. Straight, 1881-2-3-1-5-6; W. D. Washburn, 1879-80-1-2-3-1; Milo White, 1883-4-5-6; J. B. Wakefield, 1883-4-5-6; Knute Nelson, I SS.3-4-.5-6-7-S ; J. B. GilfiUan, 18S5-6; TlioiiKis Wilson, 1887-8; John Liud, 1887-8 ; Jolin L. McDonald, 1887-8 ; Edmund Rice, 1887-8. CREATION OF COUNTIES. In this connection we present a list of the counties of Minnesota, together with the date on which they were created by the tei'ri- torial or State Legislatures, viz.: Aitkiu, May 23, 1857, Marshall, February 25, 1879, Anoka, May 23, 1857, Bicker, March 18, 1858, Beltrami, F'bru'ry 28, 1866, Benton, October 27, 184'J, Big Stone. F'br'ry 20, 1862, Blue Earth, March 5, 1853, Brown, February 20, 1855, Carlton, May 23. 1857, Carver, February 20, 1855, Cass, September 1, 1851, Chippewa, F'br'ry 20, 1S(>2, Chisago, Septemberl, 1851, Clay, ."March 2, 1862, Cook, March !), 1874, Cottonwood, May 23, 18.57, Crow Wing, May 23, 18.57, Dakota, October 27, 1849, Dodge, February 20, 1855, Douglas, March 8. 1858, Faribault, F'br'ry 20, 1855, Fillmore, JIarch 5, 1853, Freeborn. F'br'ry, 20, 1855, Goodhue, JIarch 5, 1853, Crant, March 6, 1868, HennepiD, JIarch 6, 1852, Houston, Feb'ry 23, 1854, Hubbard, Fob'y 26, 1883, Isanti, February 13, 1857, Itasca. October 29, 1849, Jackson, May 23, 1857, Kanabec, March 13, 1858, Kandiyohi, March 20, 18.58, Kittson, February 25, 1879, Lac qui Parle, Kov. 3, 1871, Lake, March 1, 1856, Le Sueur, March 5, 1853, Lincoln, March 6,1873, Lyon, November 2, 1869, .UcLeod, March 1, 1856, Martin, May 23, 1857, Meeker, February 23, 1856, Millc Lacs, Jlay 23, 1857, Morrison, Febr'ry 25, 1858, Mower, February 20, 1855, Murray, Jlay 23, 1857, Nicollet, March 5, 18.53, Nobles, May 23, 1857, Norman, Nov'mb'r29, 1881. Olmsted, February 20, 1855. Otter Tail. March 18, 1858, Pine, March 31, 18.56, Pipestone, Jlay 23, 1857, Polk, .Tuly 20, 1858, Pope, February 20, 1863, Ramsey, October 27, 1849,- Redwood, February 6, 18G2, Renville, February 20, 18,55, Rice, March 5, 1853, Rock, JIarch 23, 1857, St. Louis, JIarch 1, 1856, Scott, JIarch 5. 1858, Sherburne, Feb'y 25, 1856 Sibley, JIarch 5, 1853, Stearns, February 20, 1855, Steele, February 20, 1855, Stevens, February 20, 1860, Swift, JIarch 4, 1870, Todd, February 20, 1862, Travcrs, February 20, 1862, Wabasha, October 27, 1849, Wadena, July 11, 18.58, Waseca, February 27, 1857, Washington, Oct. 27, 1849, Watonwan, Nov. 6, 1860, Wilkin, JIarch 6, 1868, Winona, Febrviary 23, 1849, Wright, February 20, 1855, Yellow Jledicine, Novem- bers, 1871. ED -IYER , ,flLLEY AND THE ^flRK Regions ^ ofMinnesota b|E8GRIPTIVE j& I8T0RICAL NTRODUCTORY } I ^^^.^y^j^^^. ^ ^ £rEiHSiiHiiiiliiiai^iHHiiiiiiiij2^^:!f ^- -^^t^ '^^^W^~ ^I^^M%-^^ T IS witli/vondcr und K>l*. jk-fH amazement tliat one contem])lates the re- sults of "Time's" wond er-wo rlc i n g liand. The rapid set- tlement, civilization and development of the North- west, within the memory of our children even, is the marvel of the age. This is especially true of that teri'itory which comes properly within the scope of this work, the renowned " Val- ley of the Red River of the North," and the no less far- famed " Park Regions of Min- nesota." It is, in one sense, scarcely neces- sar}'^ to descrd)e the teri-itory which this appellation covers, as it is, to the present generation, almost as significant and com- pletely descriptive as it would be to name a State; but as this work is compiled more especially for coming generations, our children and children's children, it would doubtless be wise to outline, in general, the area to which this appellation refers in our day.^ It is an established fact that as years roll by, and as decades bury former decades, the i-eputation of localities and the names which they bear ever shift and vary, accord- ing to the temperament or occupation of the people, the success of their undertakings, or as the discovery of new Eldorados bedims or lessens the brilliancy of former greatness. The writer distinctly remembers the time when the Genesee valley of the noble '■ Empire State " was the garden spot of the world, so far as wheat raising was concerned, and was supposed to be the only native home of the cereal ; but, through succeeding decades this has been entirely changed. The center of the wheat belt rapidly moved west- ward, stopping for a time in Ohio, then in Illinois, and finally to-day rests in the famous Valle}- of the Red River of the North and^the Park Regions of Minnesota. And who shall say where it will next land ? The Red River Valley embraces much of the finest country on the continent. It ex- tends from near the center of the Park Regions of Minnesota, west a short distance, and then north to the British possessions. The Park Regions of Minnesota can best be 149 150 RED KIVEK \ALI.i:y A X D described as beginning at tlie Red Iliver and extending east and south to the valleys of the Mississippi and Minnesota rivers. The surface of the Red River Valley is made up almost wholly of rolling prairie land, diversi- fied with many groves, which have been set out by the thrifty agriculturists who have settled here. As you proceed northward the surface is more level and less inclined to be undulating. As a rule the drainage is excel- lent, but in some of the counties on the Min- nesota side artificial drainage is necessary to attain the highest returns from agricultural efforts. Of late years this matter has been agitated considerably, and many of the most prominent citizens in the valley have taken active steps to secure ageneral drainage sys- tem throughout the counties of Marshall, Polk, Norman, Clay and Wilkin in Minnesota. An important convention was held at Crooks- ton during the past 3'ear to take steps in regard to this matter, and this movement will jirove, as time rolls on, one of the most im|)ortant "mile posts in the history "of the country affected. This matter receives full attention in connection with the sketches of the prime movers in the woi'k, so it is un- necessary to refer to it further here. - The soil of the Red River Valley is a rich black loam, well adapted to the raising of all the cereals. Wheat is the banner crop, and the yields of this cereal have excited the wonder and admiration of the world. Other pi'oducts, however, do remarkably well, and, in later years, diversified farming has been ra])idly taking the place of exclusive wheat raising. Stock-raising, too, both native and blooded, is attracting much attention from the intelligent class of farmers who have found homes here. This is a profitable branch of industrj^ all through the West, as the pasturage of rich, nutritious native grasses is unlimited. A said good also deal of what has ah-eady been applies to the Park Regions of Minnesota. There is, however, one material difference. The Park Regions are made np of interspersed prairie and timber land, and are dotted and studded with thousands of beautiful lakes, sheets of pure, limpid water, bordered by sandy beaches, and hemmed in bv magnificent jjroves of native timber. These lakes, almost without excep- tion, abound with fish, while their shores and the adjacent prairie and groves are the re- sorts of game of every description. This portion of Minnesota is the " home of the sportsman and hunter," and each year thousands of pleasure seekers from all parts of the United States visit the fa- mous summer resorts of this region, to fish in the clear depths of the beautiful lakes, to hunt, or for rest and recreation. The cli- mate of the Red River Valley and Park Re- gions is excellent. The clear, dry atmos- phere and pure, fresh air from off the count- less miles of prairie have justly given the Northwest the reputation of being among the most health\' portions of the globe. The very first settlements in the Red River Valley were made many years ago. Indeed, at a very early day the white man had tra- versed this region, hunting and trapping. Trading posts for commerce with the Indians were maintained, and the famous Hudson Bay Fur Company early in the history of the Northwest had planted their outposts throughout various jiortions of Minnesota and North Dakota. These were the fore- runners of civilization, but it is impossible at this late date to give with any degree of accurac}' the names of those who thus planted the seeds of settlement in the great Northwest. Names and dales have alike been lost in the mist of years, the parties themselves not knowing how important a part they were playing in the history of the race. These first pioneers were a hardy set, following a wild life of adventure and dan- ger far from the haunts of civilization. Trap- PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 151 ping, hunting and trading with the abori- gines, they lived nomadic lives; and while they accomplished nothing in the way of material improvement, they early dissemin- ated among the eastern settlements in Can- ada itnd the United States descriptions of the wondrous beauty, fertility and product- iveness of this region. Early in tin; present century a colon}' called the Selkirk settle- ment was established on the Red River, north of the British line, and for a time there was some travel and freighting which traversed the Park Regions and ^'^alley into the United States and to the settlements at Fort Snelling and Prairie du Chien. And one historian of high reputa- tion declares that they ran boats between these points via the Minnesota river and Red River of the North, getting the boats" from one river to the other by means of rollers. hisThe abundance of game which infested this region also drew hunters and trappers to its beautiful lakes, prairie and woodlands; and as one historian truly writes, "The In- dians had for ages made this region a hunt- ing and trapping ground; and coukl they speak each tree could no doubt tell some wild tale of Indian adventure." Wild gan;ie of almost every description, buffalo, bear, elk, deer, etc., abounded in those early times, and many of these animals have only recently be- come a thing of the ]mst. Hunting and trapping was vei\y profitable. Thus it was that for many years before the first actual settlement, the Park Regions of Minnesota and the Red River Valley, both in Dakota and Minnesota, were frequently trod l)y the foot of the white man. During the year 1856 there was a great tide of immigration from the East toward the setting sun, and a great many whites passed through the Park Regions and Red River Valley. A number of pioneers had already found homes in the Park Regions, and all portions of Minnesota were materially benefited, although but few found their way into the northwestern part of that State. The tide of immigration and travel continued until the panic of 1857, when the influx of settlei's almost completely ceased. Times were very hard all through the countr3%but especially was this condition of affairs felt in the Northwest. Following close upon the financial panic, came the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, and in August, 1862, was inaugurated the terrible Sioux Indi.m outbreak, which almost depopulated the whole of the country lying northwest of the capital of Minnesota, " and crimsoned the fair soil with the blood of so many men, women and children. Fiendish atrocity, lilood-curdling cruelty and red-handed murder ran riot, and the growth of the Northwest received a set-back from which it took many years to fully recover. After the beginning of this ter- rible and fiendish warfare, the frontier line receded eastward, and the Red River Valley and Park Regions were again left in the midst of the hostile Indian country, and for many months few, if any, white men trod this soil. After the settlements in the eastern part of Minnesota had partially recovered from the first rude shock of the outbreak, which fell like a thunderbolt from a clear sky, steps were at once taken to defend the exposed settlements, to conquer the redskins and drive them back. At that time the Civil War was in progress, and a majority of the able-bodied settlers were in the South, fighting for the flag and the Union. It therefore required some time to muster ti'oops and place them in advanta- geous positions to cope with the wily red foe, and, in the meantime, the Indians carried on their brutal warfare, murdering men, women and children, and burning as the}' went. After considerable delay, the Indians were driven back ; soldiers were placed all 152 RED RTVER VALLEY AXD tlirongli this northwestern country, and the |)rairies of a good share of the Park Re- gions and Red River Valley were constantly pati-olled by the companies of brave sol- diers who were detailed for this service. In time the redskins were subdued, although for a number of years the settlers on the extreme frontier lived in a constant state of fear and anxiety, not knowing at what time the massacre might break out afresh. Through these causes soldiers were kept on the frontier for some time, and many of the present well-to-do and ])rominent citizens who are mentioned in this Album selected claims while here in the service. When peace was again established on the border, travel between the settknuents and the frontier was again resumed, and the "fron- tier line" moved westward very rapidly. Immediately after the close of the war, all of the Northwest began a very rapid development, and all ])ortions of the Tark Regions and Red River Yallev received set- tlers. Riiilroads began reaching out and in- terlocking through the great Northwest, and this seems to have been the starting point of such an era of rapid development as has been the marvel of the times. It has con- tinued to the present day. The Northern Pacific and the St. Paul & Pacific — now the Manitoba system — both reached the Red River early in the seventies. After that, thousands upon thousands of settlers crowded into this favored region, selected farms and began improvements. Cities and villages have sprung u[) as if by magic, and already, before two decades have passed, all kinds of material improvement will compare favor- ably with any part of the United States. Sui)sta,ntial farms were opened all over the Noi'thwest ; churches and school-houses soon dotted the prairie in all directions, and the waving fields of golden grain bespoke the wonderful prosperity which prevailed. The financial panic of 1S73 caused a slight de- pression here, but, as the settlement was comparatively recent, and the pioneers an excellent class of men, the drawback was not a serious one, and the tide of immigra- tion continued unabated. The yields of crops were enormous, and the prospects in every branch of industry or trade were flat- tering. Nothing has since occurred to seriouslv in- terrupt the growth, development and pros- perity. Like all new countries, there have been years of slight depression, and an oc- casional failure of crops, but they are the ex- ception to what has been the rule in the his- tory of the Northwest. And the native energy and enterprise of the inhabitants soon overcame such obstacles, and as success has always followesi a reverse, the onward march of growth, civilization and develop- ment has been resumeil with more satisfac- torv results tium before. Contemplate the changes that have been made iiere, and one can not but wonder at the marvelous i-esults that have been accom- plished within so short a period of time. Turn back, as it were, the leaves of Time's great book to a period only a quarter of a cen- tury ago, and what a contrast. Then ail was as nature had formed it. The broad and roll- ing prairies were as green then as now; in summer a perfect paradise of verdure, with its variegated hues of flowers and vegetation; in winter a dreary snow mantled desert. Selected as a caui])ing and hunting gi'ound by the Sioux, with that wonderful apprecia- tion of the beautiful which nature has made an instinct in the savage, scarcely a sign of habitation or civilization existed. It was the home of the red man, and the freedom of bird and beast reigned supreme. To-day what a contrast ! Cities and villages, the peer of those which have been centuries building, have sprung up as if by magic ; civ- ilization and progress are apparent on every hand ; comfortable and elegant dwellings are PARK REGIONS OF MINXESOTA. 153 everywhere visible ; schools and churches adorn tlie former bairen prairie ; and the re- sult is a prosperous land, filled with an en- terpi'ising, intelligent and happy peo])le, and the iron horse, swifter than the nimble deer, treads the pathway so recenth' the trail of the red man. The early settlers in this region, as in all other localities in pioneer daj's, experienced many hardships and disadvantages, but. as a rule, they are to-day in comfortable circum- stances, and have been well repaid for their industry, tenacity and enterprise. The ex- cellent class of improvements attest their general prosperity. Some of the most magnificent farms on the continent are found in this region — some devoted to ex- clusive grain raising, others to mixed farm- ing and stock-raising. No portion of the country is better adapted to stock-raising and general farming, and the intelligent class of farmers who have located here de- vote much of their attention to these lines, although wheat raising as ^-et is the leading- occupation of the husbandmen. It has been the endeavor in this volume to gather and place in enduring form a history of the lives of those Avho have aided in the growth and development of the Park Regions of Minnesota and the Yallev of the iled River of the North; to preserve the lives of the old settlers and their recollection of pioneer days, together with biographies of the pi-ominent 'and representative citizens who are to-day or have in the past been identified \\ith business interests or the growth and develojuuent of the various localities. Years roll by so rapidly tiuit time is already fast thinning the ranks of those who were the forerunners of civiliza- tion in the Northwest, and it will be but few years until our children and our children's children will succeed the present generation, and take the places of those who are now the leading factors. It is for the purpose of gathering the history of the life work of the present citizens before it is too late, and placing it in an enduring form, that this Album has been compiled, as an heirloom to posterity ; so that when, in years to come, some futui'e historian takes up the pen to write of the Northwest and its past, he will not have to depend upon the uncertainty of tradition, but will have in authentic and enduring form a review of the lives of those who took part and aided in the early prog- ress and development of the Yallev or the Red Rivee of the Noeth and the Paek Regions of Minnesota. ^~W^2\ ^^. A^ ^-^^^ri:^^^^-"^^ # "^^. rBroGRAPerGAti! '^^^^^^^^ ^^ BIO G- 1? p rn IC pii «=^^ ON. SOLOMON G. COMSTOCK. It is doubtful wiietlier, in llie 'amous Rod Iliver Valley, there is a more worthy or distmguishecl subject for the pen of tlie biographer than the gentle- man whose name heads our ])resent article. The present representative in congress from the Fifth District, and a man who has for years I)een prominent in State affairs, besides having, since pioneer days, been closely iden- titied with the growth and development i)f the Tied River Yalley, his name is indissolubly associated with the history of that ])ortion of Minnesota of which this vol- ume ti'eats. A man who is adverse to detail- ing his ]iei'sonal history or the part which ho has taken in public affairs, it is but just to say that the writer has depended almost wholly upon what is pul)lic knowledge and record for the facts incor]iorated in the pres- ent sketch. Mr. Comstock was born in Penobscot county, Maine, on the 9th of May, lS-i2, and is a son of Hon. James M. and Louisa M. (Gill- man) Comstock, who were natives, respect- ively of Penobscot and Waldo counties, in the same State, and resided in the town of Passadunikeag. The father, James M. Com- stock, was a prominent man in the locality in which he lived ; represented his district in the legislature, was chairman of the board of selectmen, and otherwise took a leading- part in the affairs of his home county. He was a man of even temperament, and a large man physically. Among his neighbors he wielded a large influence, and his advice and counsel were widely i'es])ected. He was a republican in political matters, from the formation of that pai'ty until his death, which occurred June 3, 1S85. His widow still lives in her native State. James M. Comstock and wife became the parents of four children, as follows: Solomon G., William G., Edgar F. and Ada L., now Mrs. J. W. Smart. The grandparents of Solomon G. Com- stock on his father's side were Solomon Comstock, a native of Smithfield, llhode Island, and his wife Rebecca (Robinson) Comstock, who was born at St. George, Maine. To carry the genealogy back one de'-i'ce farther, the father of Solomon Com- stock was Israel Comstock. who was raised in Rhode Island, and who was a federalist 157 158 JiED KIVER VALLEY AND aiul an officer during the Revolutionary War. On tlie maternal side the lineage of ISolo- mon Ct. Comstock runs back to the old and famous Gillman family of New Hampshire. His mother's j)arents were Jficholas and Ruth (Coombs) Gillman, who were natives of Gillmanton, New Hampshire, and Isles- borough, Maine, respectively. Solomon G. Comstock, who is our present subject, was raised upon the home farm, and taught to do his full share of the manual labor connected with carrying on the farm, and also aided his father in the lumber busi- ness. He remained at home until he was twenty-one years of age, attending the com- mon schools in the meantime. He then attended the Wesleyan Seminary and the Hampden and Corinth Academies. In 1S68 he came West, and took a course in the law department of the Michigan University at Ann Arbor. Previous to this, before leaving his native State, he had studied law in the office of Judge Humphrey, at Bangor, Maine. In 1869 he was admitted to the bar at Omaha, Nebraska, and practiced there for a short time. He then went to Minneapolis, where, for a few months, he studied law in the office of D. A. Secombe. About this time the settlement of the Red River Yalley was beginning to set in, and he joined the throng. He arrived in Moorhead in the fall of 1871, and that place has since been his home. He was jioor, but full of vigor, hope and talents. He opened a law office, and was shortly appointed by the board of countv commissioners county attorney, which office he held, and performed its exacting duties with great ability, honesty and success for six years. He dropped out of active practice of law in 1881, his real estate business and legislative duties taking up his entire time. In 1880 he formed a partnership with A. A. White, Esq., to deal in real estate and town sites, and the firm has met with unqualified success. He also car- ries on fanning operations (juite extensively. Mr. Comstock's legislative service com- menced in 1ST5, he having been returned by the people to the lower house of the Minne- sota legislature, and he has been elected to the liouse or senate at every election since except in 1878, when he declined to run. He served in the house until 1883, when he was promoted to the senate, in which body he served three sessions, viz.: 1883, 1885 and 1887, and had the session of 1889 before him when elected to conjiress. He earlv took a leading position in the house, and was invariablv connected with prominent committees, and, as a matter of course, i)i'om- inently identified with the most vital legis- lative questions and enactments of the day. At the session of 1887 he was chairman of the judiciary committee of the senate — the leading committee. He was also chairman of the temperance committee, and was a member of the railroad, normal school and public school committees. He assisted largel}' in forming the railroad bill that wixs passed in 1885. In 1882 he was made by his friends a candidate for attorney -general, and only lacked three votes of nomination. In 1884 he was made a candidate for lieuten- ant-governoi', but made no active canvass for the place; he has frequently been men- tioned for governor. In the fall of 1888 he was elected member of congress from the Fifth District of Minnesota, and at present fills that position. His majority in the dis- trict was 7,519. Mr. Comstock has always taken an active and leading part in all public affairs of the locality in which he lives, and every move or enterprise calculated to benefit his town or region has always received his active sup- port and cooperation. A warm friend of education, it was he who introduced the bill locating the normal school at Moorhead and securing lai'ge appropriations for carrying PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 159 on the work, and lie donated six acres of valuable city property for the site. In fact, everything in the way of developing the re- sources of Clay and adjoining counties — such projects as building churches, schools, or securing factories and railroads — every worthy project, has always been aided by his enterprise and liberality. Mr. Comstock was mai-ried in May, 1874, to Miss Sarah Ball, of Minneapolis, and they are the parents of three children — Ada L., Jessie M. and George M. Mrs. Corn- stock is a daughter of Joseph and Sarah (Haylet) Ball, of Wright county, Minnesota. J^KON. HALVER STEENERSON, one of JL''^ the most prominent members of the bar of Polk county, Minnesota, ^f ON. FRED VON BAUMBACH, ex-sec- JL'^^IlL retary of state of ]\Iinnesota, is the present auditor of Douglas county, Minne- sota. He is a native of Ilessen-Cassel, Ger- many, and was born August 30, 1838. His parents were I-ewis and Minnie (Schenck)jY()n Baumbach. and were natives of the same ])lace. The father was a very prominent man in Germany, l)eing a mem- ber of the German parliament in 1848, and in the revolution of 1848 was so prominent that he was forced to abandon his home for the time being. He was one of the wealth}', pi'ominent men of Germany. In 1849 he came to America, settling in Ohio, where he remained five years. Here he turned his attention to farming. In 1854 he came to Milwaukee, wliere ho held the office of Ger- man consul until 188:2. He died in Milwau- kee in 1884; tlie mother died in 1870. This family numbers six children : Earnest, now PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. i6i a capitalist of Milwaulcee, Wisconsin ; Moritz, a meniber of the Merchants' Exchange Bank of the same city ; William, also a capitalist ; Charles, a wholesale druggist of Milwaukee ; Fred, and Klotilde, now Mrs. Von Kalten- born, of Milwaukee. The subject of this sketch spent his younger days in school, while his parents resided in Ohio. When the family removed to Milwaukee he was employed for a time as a clerk in a retail house. He then was appointed deputy city treasurer, which office he held for three years. At the end of this period he took a trip to Texas. This Avas in 1860, and he returned in 1861. On the breaking out of the Rebellion he served in the Fifth Wisconsin Regiment, Com]mn\' C, as a private. He rose to the rank of second lieutenant in 1862, and later in the same year received acomnnssion as first lieutenant, which office he held until 1863, when he was commissioned captain of Company K, of the Thirty-Fifth Wisconsin Regiment. He I'eceived a major's commission in September, 1865, and in March, 1866, was mustered out under that title. Mr. Von Baumbach saw much severe service during the Rebellion. He was in the following engagements : Battle of Yorktown, AVilliamsburg, seven day's battle at Richmond, second battle of Bull Run, Antietam, the battle of Fi'edericks- burg, the siege of Mobile, and in many smaller battles and skirmishes. After be- ing mustered out of service, he returned to Wisconsin and settled in Fond du Lac, where he engaged in the drug business. In 1867 he was burned out, and at this time he moved to Douglas county, Minnesota. Hefirst settled near Brandon, where he took a home- stead of 160 acres. Soon after, he purchased 160 acres more adjoining his homestead, all of which land he improved, living thereon until March, 1873, when he was elected , county auditor. In 1879 he qualified as secretary of state of the State of Minnesota, which office he held for seven years. Then, on account of the sickness of the county auditor of Douglas county, after he returned to Douglas county, he took charge of that office. In the fall of 1888 he was elected county auditor, which ])osition he now holds. Mr. Von Baumljacli has held numerous important positions in the government of the respective towns in which he has lived and also in the State. He was town clerk at Brandon, and is now a member of the board of education of the city of Alexandria, Minnesota. In 1875 Mr. Von Baumbach purchased a farm adjoining the city of Alex- andria, which he has been conducting since that date. He is also interested in the drug business at Alexandria, under the firm name of Von Baumbach A: Morisse. He is a stock- holder in the First National Bank, and also owns stock in the furniture manufacturine: company of Alexandria. Mr. Von Baumbach entered the state of matrimony in 1863, in which year he was married to Miss Sarah Decker, of Oconomo- woc, Wisconsin, daughter of Talman Decker. Mr. and Mrs. Von Baumbach have two adopted children — Minnie and Jacob. Mr. Von Baumbach is a stanch repub- lican in politics, and while he has resided in Minnesota has been thoroughly identified with the principles of the republican party, and has at all times been one of the leaders in its councils. He is a member of the Masonic and I. O. 0. F. fraternities, as well as the Grand Army of the Republic and the Loyal Legion of Ilonoi'. He is one of the solid business men of Alexandria, and is prominent in all matters that pertain to the financial welfare of this city. ^^DMLIND M. WALSH. Prominent Xi^^ among the first pioneers of Crookston, Minnesota, and representative citizens of Polk county is the present clerk of court, Mr. 1 62 RED RIVER VALLE Y AND Walsh. In June, 1872, he came to this phice, and being favorably impressed by its lofution and evident ])roiiiise, embarked in business, opening a tinsmith's shop. At that ])eriod Crookston was as yet in embryo, the business of the place being represented by the I'ailroad contractors' store, two saloons and a boarding-house, all of which, like those of early days in California, were kept in tents. Mr. Walsh priicui'ing some lumber at (ii'and Forks, hauled it to Crookston with the aid of an ox-team. With this material he put up a fair edifice, one of the first permanent struct- ures in the j)lace, some two or three others being erected about the same time. Mr. Walsh remained in the tinner's busi- ness until the spring of 1873, when, forming a copartnership with William Iloss, and purchasing the general merchandise stock and building of Bruns »fe Finkie, put the two store buildings together, and opened up in the general merchandise, hardware and tin business. Although the track was laid to the town during the summer, trains were not run much before the frosts of early winter came, and when the ice king had bound up the river in his frigid chain, and boats could no longer ply upon it, business being but light, all traffic over the line was susjiended for the winter. The merchants of Crookston were then com]ieiled to get their freight from Glvndon the best way tliey could. Early in the winter they fitted up a, Hat car witli mast and sail, witii wiiicii tliey ran over the road and with which they could curry their o-oods from tiie teiiuination of tiie road to Crookston. When tiie snow came, sledges drawn l>y oxen oi' dogs replaced tiieir car- vacht. The merchants of the i)lace laijored under these disadvantages every winter un- til 1875, when the railioad was operated more regularly. The subject of our sketch was engaged in Inisiness with Mr. lioss until 1880, and then purchased the interest of the latter, who re- tired, lie carried on the store until 1884r, when lie sold out, since which time he has de- voted his entire attention to his official duties and the management of his ])ersonal estate. Mr. Walsh, who is one of the most popular men in the community, has l)een trusted for j many years by the people in one of the pub- lic offices. He was the first ])ostmaster in I the village of Crookston, having been ap- pointed to that i)osition in 1872, and held it for twelve consecutive years. When the county then embracing all the territory now known as Polk and Xornian counties was ! organized in the fall of 1872. Mr. Walsh be- I came auditor, and filled that responsible ])Ost i foi- thi-ee years. In 188G he was elected by the people of the county to the office of clerk of the district court, and is the re- spected incumbent of that office. When Crookston was incorporated, in 187S, Mr. AValsh was chosen one of the lii'st council, and in 1SS5 was elected mayor. The subject of this memoir was born in Essex count}', New York, March 2, 1851, and is the son of Thomas and Eleanor Walsh. In 1857, when he was but six years of age, his parents removed to Minnesota and located at Flenderson, Sibley county. His father ; remained in that town, quietly pursuing his ci'aft, until the breaking out of the Civil War, when "the tramp of marching millions echoed through the land, '"when, imhuetl with a strong s|)irit of patriotism, lie enlisted and served some four years. After tlie close of hostilities he returned to Henderson and en- tei'etl into the mei'cantile trade, and was ap pointed postmaster. In thespringof ISTohe removed to (Trand Forks, where he j>ut up and oi)erated a saw mill andastoi'e, which he sold out to tiie Hudson I!ay Company in 1875 He served as register of deeds of Ci-and j Forks county for five years, and still lives there, enjoying, in his declinitig years, the fruits of a life spent in industry and honor- able labor. PARK' REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 163 Edmund M. Walsh grew to manliood in Siblev county, enjoying tiie usual facilities for education, and remained with his ])arents until the date of the latter's removal to Grand Forks. lietookchargeofand wounduj) liis father's business in Henderson, and then started out in life for himself. His only capital at the time was about ^30, twenty of which he paid for railroad fare to where the track was then laid in Grant county, from which point he walked to Grand Forks. After a week's sojourn there, he went to Winnipeg, Manitoba, where he was employed at his trade, which was that of a tinsmith, until the following spring, •when he came to Crookston, as above related. Since his advent here Mr. Walsh has been noted as one of the most successful business men of the place, owing entirely to his dili- gence, energy and tact. Starting in life there with comparatively nothing, he has, by his own exertions, succeeded in accumula- ting a comfortable competence. He is the owner, at present, of some 1,00( t acres of good, arable farm land, 400 of which is under cul- tivation, besides real estate in the city to the value of !?1U,UOO. He is one of the promi- nent members of the Masonic fraternity, be- ing in good standing in Crookston lodge, No. 141, A. F. it A. M.; Pierson Chapter, No. 40, R. A. M.; and Crookston Commandery, No. 20, K. T., in all of which he has office. Mr. Walsh was married in November, 1874, to ]\[iss Emma Barrett, of Crookston, and they are the parents of five children, namely — William M., George H., Ella M., Edward and Clifford. -*•- «^- LOF J. SWENSON, of Plerman, Grant count}', Minnesota, is a dealer in gen- eral merchandise, and one of the success- ful and prominent Inisiness men of the Park Regions, and as such well deserves notice in this Album. Born in Sweden, he comes of that sturdy nationality which has fur- nished Minnesota and Dakota with so many of its most successful and valuable citizens, a nation proverbial for their industry, frugality and integrity. He first saw the light on the 12th of January, 1851, in Vermland, a province or county of his native kingdom. Plis parents, Nils and Johanna (Olson) Swenson, came with their family to the United States in 1868, and settled in Douglas county, Minne- sota, where the mother died. The father died in the Black Hills. Nils Swenson and wife were the parents of eight children, one of whom died when ten years of age. Their names were — Olof J., Maria, Johanna, Ililnia, Swen, So])hia, Anna and Nils. Olof J. Swenson was reared amid the picturesque hills and vallevs of his fatherland, imbibing- those principles of integrity which charac- terize the race from which he springs. Re- ceiving a common education up to the time he was seventeen, he then, until he was twenty-one, assisted his father in carrying on the home farm, and came to the United States with the family in 1868. After farm- ing for several years in Douglas county, Min- nesota, he then went to tiie Black Hills. Dakota Territory, where he was employed at prospecting and various kinds of labor for thirteen months. At the expiration of that time he returned to Douglas countv, Minnesota, and in 1S71> went to Herman, in Grant county, where he has since remained. For several years he clerked in the store of J. K. Van Doren, and then established a bilhard'halland fruit and confectionery store, which he conducted for about two 3'ears. He next embarked in the general mercantile trade, in companv with Gustof Rudberg and P. F. Nordbv, but two vears later he bou2:ht out theinterestof his associates and has since conducted the business alone. He carries a large and well assorted stock of goods, and 1 64 RED RIl-J-.K VALLEY A AD his genial and honorable manner of doing business iiave earned him a steady and ever increasing trade. He has always taken an active interest in. all matters of a public nature, has held various local offices, and every enterprise of a public nature calculated to benefit either his town or county always receives his active support and coopera- tion. Mr. Swenson was married in June, 1882, to Miss Kose Brown, a native of New York, and their union lias been blessed by the birth of two children— Cleveland A¥. and Eugene W. In political matters our subject affiliates witii the republican party. -^^ -«-: ^3# ILLIAM P. LONG, a i^'oniinont IfePaiif and successful merchant of the Park Eegions, is a resident of the village of Osakis, Douglas county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in the general merchandising business, in partnership with II. Flore, the linn name being Long & Flore. Mr. Long is a native of Illinois, born in Pike county, on the 23d day of February, 1842, and is the son of William and Mary (Gose) Long, natives of the State of Virginia. The\' were married in that State and moved to Pike county, Illinois, in about 1S3S. The father of the present subject was a farmer through life, and died in the State of Illinois in 1847. The Hujther of our subject was again mar- ried, in lS5(t, to Mr. Toner, and they are residing on the old homestead in Pike county. The mother of jMr. Long was blessed with one child, William P., by her first husband, and the fruits of her second marriatie were the following named chil- dren — Joseph, Louisa, Jessie and Ellen. Ml". Long, of whom this memoir treats, remained in his native State until he was twenty-one years old. During that time he attended the excellent common schools of Pike county, and in the summers assisted his father operate the home farm. In 1SG3, he removed to Minnesota and settled in Stearns county, where he remained two years, during which time he was on the road considerable, back to his old home, to Chicago, Illinois, etc. From Stearns county he removed to Devil's Lake, Dakota Terri- tory, where he secured a clerkship in the general merchandising store of C. A. Ruffee. He remained with him for one 3'ear, and then paid a visit to his old home, and, after remaining there some time, went to Osakis, Douglas county, Minnesota. He secured a l)osition in D. Stevenson's store. Mr. Long remained in that ca))acity for three years, and at the expiration of that time was offered a position as clerk in the store of j J. B. Johnson. He accepted, and remained with Mr. Johnson foi' ten years. In 1882 Mr. Long then entei'ed into the general merchandising business in partnership with Mr. Lyons, the firm name being L^'ons, Long & Co. At the expiration of two years the firm sold out, and our subject formed a partnership, in the same business, with H. Flore. They have since followed the busi- ness in the village and are doing a large and increasing trade. They carry a full line of goods, and are one of the heaviest firms in the county. Mr. Long was united in nuirriage, Octo- ber 30, 1871, to Miss Sarah E. Tannehill, and this union has been blessed with the following-named cliildron — May, Effie and Clyde. Mr. Long is one of the prominent business citizens in the village and county, and has held various offices, such as presi- dent of the village, etc. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and a re|)ublican in politics. He is one of Osakis' representa- tive men, and an active participant in all local matters. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. lbs iptUGH THOMPSON, tlie well-known rti banker, and the oldest settler in the village of Fialier, Polk county, llinnesota, is a native of Canada. He was liorn in Ilem- mingford, East Canada, on the 4th day of July, 1S50, and is the son of John and Mary ((rraham) Tlionipsoii, natives of Canada. The family consisted of the following named children — Thomas, James, Adam, Eliza, Mary and Diana. Mr. Thompson, the suhject of this bio- graphical sketch, lived on the home farm, attending the common schools of his native country until he had attained the age of sixteen years. In 1866 he removed to St. Croix county, Wisconsin, where he secured a position in the general merchandise store of Thompson Bros., as clerk, and remained in that position for four years. At the ex- piration of that time he went to Menomonee, Wisconsin, where he clerked for the firm of Knapp, Stout ct Com])any, for four years, and then removed to Crookston, Minnesota, where he went into the employ of A. O. Eailey, and took charge of a store for him. In 1875 he moved to Fisher, Polk county, Minnesota, being the first settler in that place. He at once opened a general mer- chandise store, and for ten years was en- gaged in that business. He then sold his store and engaged in the milling and bank- ing business, in which he has since been occupied. He owns a large steam mill, and is doing an extensive milling business in that locality. He heats his mill with steam, and it is, without doubt, one of the best mills in that region. When Mr. Thompson first set- tled in Fisher, he experienced very hard times. The trains ran on that route only in the sununer. and during the winters the jirovisions, clothing, etc., had to be brought overland from Moorhead, a distance of seventy-five miles. There was a trading post on the Red Lake Indian reservation and Mr. Thompson made a great many trips with a dog team over the snow-covered jirairies, in his intercourse with the Indians. Sometimes during the long, tedious winters food became very scarce, and our subject relates that he many a time had only a mess of fish for breakfast, fully realizing the old saying of " Catfish or no breakfast." While in Crookston Mr. TlifJinpson participated in the first educational movement in that place. There wei'e no schools of any kind at that time, and in 1874 the citizens decided to form a school. Mr. Jocobus and ]\Ir. Porger were appointed as a committee to raise the necessary funds for a teacher. After con- siderable effort he succeeded in raising $75, and at once sent to St. Paul, Minnesota, to secure a teacher. Accordingly a Miss Luella Thompson soon accepted the ]iosition, and at once assumed her duties. Mr. Thompson was united in marriage on the 15th day of December, 1875, to Miss Luella Thompson, a native of St. Paul, Minnesota, and the daughter of Samuel and Phoebe Thompson. The fruit of this union has been one child, Luella May. Mrs. Thompson passed away on the 10th of July, 1888, sincerely mourned by all. She was an accomplished lady and a natural artist. Many of her paintings have been on exhibition in Minneapolis and St. Paul and received high ])raise from good critics. Mr. Thompson owns the town site, and is one of the substantial businessmen of the vil- lage. He has held the following offices — President of the village council, county com- missioner, and surveyor-general of the logs and lumber in the Seventh district. He, wnth his family, belong to the Presbyterian church. He is a member of the Independ- ent Order of Odd Fellows, Fisher Lodge, No. 87. He was the first jiostmaster in Fisher village. He has one of the finest residences in the ]ilace. A man of the ut- most honor and integrity, his word is as good as a bond. Enterprising and i)ublic- 1 66 RED RIVER VALLEY AND spirited, every enterprise calculated to betie- lit either liis town or counl\' receives his active support and encouragement. -»-! .-^^ \ IMON LARSON, of Ashbv, Grant coun- ty, Minnesota, is a dealer in general merchandise and is one of the successful and well-known business men of the Park Reg- ions, and as such well deserves notice in this Alium. Born in Norway, he comes of that sturdy nationality whicii has fui'nished Dakota and Minnesota witii so many of their most successful and valual)le citizens — a nation proverbial for their industry, frugal- ity and integrity. Mr. Larson was born amid tiu^ ])icturesque hills of his native land on the 8tii day of April, ISIJ-i, and was the youngest child of Lars and "S\av\ (.Tacobson) Hanson, natives of the same kingdom. Up to the age of fourteen years, Simon attended the common schools of his fathorlatul, early imbibing those principles whicli so distinguish the nationality from which he springs. The family consisted of six children, whose names were Hans, Jacob, Carrie and Simon, the subject of this article, and Mary and Simon, who died. From the age of fourteen until he was twenty-one, Simon worked at various em- ployments, including farming, mining, rail- roading, steamboat Avork, etc. In the year lS('i3 I\[r. Larson decided to seek a live- lihood in a free countiy, and accordingly embarked on a sailing vessel lor the United States. After a voyage of twelve days he landed in Quebec, Canada, going from there to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he remained for a few days, viewing the busy life and activity of a western city. From St. Paul he went to Rice county, Minnesota, where he workeil at the stone mason's trade for five years. Still desirous of viewing the different localities, he went to Northfield, working at the stone mason's tiade for five years, then removing to Grant county, of the same State. In 1873 he homesteaded a farm on section 3, Pelican Lake township, and has since successfully operated this tract of land. In 1882 he opened a dry goods and grocery store in Ashby. and has since run the same in connection with his farm. His farm com- prises 900 acres of well cultivated land, and he carries a full line of dry goods and gro- ceries in the store. Mr. Larson was united in marriage in 1866 to Miss Carrie Peterson, and this union has been blessed with eight children, two of whom are deceased, as follows — Peter, Maiy, Lena, Julia, Sophia and Clara living. Lewis died when but six weeks old, and one named j\Iary died when eight months old. !Mr. Larson with his family belong to the Lu- theran church. He has held the office of village treasurer for one year. In ])olitical matters he affiliates with the republican jiartv and takes an active interest in that ]>arty's campaigns. iB)OBERT BERNON MUMFORD, the '^V agent for the Northern Pacific rail road lines, and a resident of Glyndon village. Clay county, Minnesota, is a native of Con- necticut. He was born in New London, Con- necticut, in 1S42, and is a son of James and Clarissa (Kenyon ) M umfoi-d, natives of Rliotie Island, where the father was an extensive farmer and stock-raiser. They had a family of seven chiklreii, thi-ee of whom are now liv- ings — Elizabeth, now l\frs. William Smith, of Connecticut; James A., now engaged in the real estate business in Minneapolis, Min- nesota, and Robert Bernon, the subject of this article. The father died in 1870, and the mother passed away in 1870, both dying in Connecticut. James Mumford, Sr., was. the son of Nathaniel ]\[uniford, a native of PARK REGIONS OF MIXXESOTA. 167 Eliode Island and an extensive land owner and fannei'. lie was a soldier in the Revolu- tionary War and was of English descent. Clarissa (Kenyon I Miunford was the daugh- ter of Gi'eeu Ken3'on, a native of Rhode Island, and of Irish descent. The subject of this article was reared to farm life, and received a common school edu- cation, remaining at home until he was sixteen years of age. lie then secured the position of clerk in a- general store in N^orwich, Con- necticut, and remained at that occupation until 1862. lie then enlisted in Company B, Twent\'-sixth Connecticut Infantry, as first sergeant. lie enlisted for nine months, but served twelve. He participated in a number of hard engagements ; was at Port Hudson, and was under tire for forty -two days. After the war he returned to his home and bought 200 acres of land about three miles from Norwich City, Connecticut, where he re- mained three years. In 187 of heavv ami shelf hardware,and eai'rieson a successful business. Mr. Ualilheim was united in mai'riage in 1869 to Miss Charlotte Gustava, a native of Sweden, and by whom four children have been born — Gustof, died March 18, 1884; Robert, died Octobei: 27, 1872 ; Alma, died August .5, 1875, and Agnes, who died July 17, 1878. Mr. Dahlheim is an active and representative man of his township, and has held the following offices : school director, village councilman, and president of that body for two terms; constable, assessor, etc. He was a director of the Evansville Farm- ers' A.ssociation and treasurer of the cream- ery of that i)lace. Mr. Dahlheim is a demo- crat in his political belief, and has been a mend)er of various social organizations, such as Swedish Hrothei's' Association and Druids, and belonged to the G. A. R. in St. Paid and Reynold's Post, No. 51. at Ale.\andi'ia. Minn. -«"f^^--^- E. KENASTON.a baidcer of iirecken- W^ ridge, is one of the leading and most prominent citizens in the Red Puver Valley, ile is a native of the Province of Quebec, where he was born on the 14th of Novem- ber, 1853, and is the only son of Joseph P. and Jane W. (Eno) Xenaston. Joseph Kenaston, the father of our sub- ject, with his wife, settled in ( )liio, where the wife died in 1854, and two yeai's later, in 1856, he came to the then Territory of Minnesota, and settled in Etna township, Fillmore county, where he was accidentallj' killed the same fall while chop]iing wood. Josepii Kenaston's parents wei'e Nathaniel and Sarah (Snow) Kenaston, the former ijeing a native of New Hampshire. At an early day they settled in Canada, where they remained until their death. The maternal grandparents of F. E. Kenaston were Almond P. and Charlotte (Bowen) Eno, natives of Coniu^cticut and New Ham]«hii'e, respectively, and of pure New England ancestry. The subject of our present article, F. E. Kenaston, was taken to Ohio by iiis parents when a year old, and two years later was brought to Minnesota l)V his father. He received an excellent education, finishing his course at the Cedar Valley Seminary, at Osage, Iowa, in the spring of 1870. After this he was employed as a book-kee])er, at Osage, for three years, and at the expira- tion of that time, went to Northwood, Iowa, where he engaged in business on his own account, as a dealer in agricultural imple- ments, remaining there from 1874 until 1881. Dui'ing this time he also dealt ex- tensively in real estate. In 1881 lie removed to ]\finneapolis, and became general agent I'oi' I). JI. Osborne & Co., manufacturers of farm machinery. In 1885 he went to Breck- enridge, and in Septemijer of that year, in company with E. G. Valentine, estab- ished a private bank, which he has since conducted. He is largely interested in other banking institutions in that part of the State, and is ])resident of the bank at Barnes- viUe. He is extensivelv interested in farm- PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA I6g ing lands in his own and adjdinini,^ conntips, as well as in Iowa, and also in villaue pi-op- ertv. Mr. Kenaston is a man of tiic liighest integritv. and stands liigli in the coninninity in Avhich he lives. A cai-et'nl and t'.iordugh business man, iiis public s])ii'it and enter- ])riso have closely identifieil him witii the later development and progress of the locality in which he resides. Mr. Kenaston was married, in 1S74, to IVIiss Julia E. Smith, a native of Vermont, and they are the parents of one son — Burt. In political matters Mr. Kenaston is a republican. Socially, he is a member of both the Masonic and Odd Fellows fraternities. ^M^ NDREW HOLES, who is an extensive M^^^. real estate dealer, doing business at Moorhead, Alexandria and Grand Forks is the person forming the subject of this sketch. He is a native of Tom))kins county, New York, and was born near Ithaca, February 10, 1836. His parents were James and Mary (Hibbert) Holes, natives of England, where they were engaged at farming. They came to America in 1834, and settled in Bradford county, Pennsylvania, where they purchased land and went to farming. After- ward they removed to Tioga county, New York, after having first looked over the State of Indiana and not finding what they wanted. James' father's name was Samuel, who was also an English farmer. His wife'.s name before marriage was Amy Clay. The father was a soldier, having served under Wellington, and was at the famous battle of Waterloo, where he was wounded in his foot. The son James (the father of our subject) had a family of six children, four of whom are now living. One, a daughter, Sarah, died in England at the age of two years. Samuel died, aged fifty-one years, at St. Cloud. Minnesota. The four now living are Georoe. Andrew, William and James. Our subject, Andi-ew, was reared on his father's farm in PiMinsylvania and New York, and gained an education at tlie com- mon school and an academy, leaving school when he was seventeen years old and going to La Porte, Indiana,, in 18.53, where he taught school twelve miles fronj the city, during a four months' winter term. He s])ent the next summer at home, but returned to Indi- ana in the fall. Tlie summer following, 1855, he spent at home, and was in the East all the time until 1857, when he again came West, stopping at St. Cloud. Minnesota, where he engaged in making marl lime, the first summer, and in the winter he went to Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, taking up a claim of 160 acres of land, which he im- ]iroved by building a hewn block-house, l)reaking land, etc. He proved up on this land, and lived thereon some time. Among other experiences in business avlventures he had, was the going in witii another gentle- man who bought potatoes and tried to ship them down Crow River on a fiat boat. The whole cargo was made up of ])otatoes, hides and tallow. They started from Nest Lake, and had gone two-thirds the length of the river, when the boat swamped in ;i rap- ids, causing a loss of the whole lot of prod- uce and its occupants to swim ashore. He went to New York in 1859. and s])ent his time on a farm, and in the winter of 1859-00 he took a contract to build one mile of stump fence. In the autumn of 186(1 he went to Michigan, in company with his brother, William, and another young man named Samuel Shirley. They engaged in trapping })ine niiirtin for their fur, and, beine; successful, continued the same for seven months. They sold in Detroit and re- turned to New York. The same company spent the following winter at the same busi- ness and in the same i)lace as trappers. I70 RED RIVER VALLEY AXD After this trapping experience, our subject came to Jfinnesota a second time, tool; tlio stage from St. Paul to Georgetown, fifteen miles north of ]Moorhead. He took passage on the first steamer," International," for Fort Garry, and, on their way down the river, were threatened by the Indians, from whom they hourly expected an attack. The In- dians claimed they frightened the fish from the stream, so a guard of seven men had to be kept to protect the boat. This wild and romantic exploit was during the month of May, 1862. Upon reaching Fort Garry, our subject, in company with 170 men, fitted out an expedition to start for Carriboo, British Columbia, for the purpose of exploring for gold. In their journey they had what was known as Ked River carts, drawn by oxen and horses. They were six months in mak- ing their trip to the Pacific slope. In com- pany with two others, Mr. Holes bought a claim, which proved to be a paying invest- ment. They employed sixty to seventy men, paying them %1 per day, each receiv- ino' his crold on Sunilav morninij;, weig-hed out and properly labeled for each miner. Our subject returned in December, 1865, via Portland, San Francisco and Panama, to j^ew York Cit}*. He took the gold dust he had cleared to the Philadelphia mint, where he had it made into coin. His partner, Daniel McAlpine, returned with him, and they both exchanged their gold coins in New York City for government bonds, get- ting twenty-sev^en cents premium. The " seven-thirt}'" bonds our sul)ject kept several years, drawing his semi-annual gold interest, but finally sold for a premium. In 1S66 he returned to Minnesota a third time, stopping at St. Cloud, with two younger brothers and his mother. He there engaged in the real estate lousiness, spending two winters at Bryant ct Stratton's Business College at St. Paul, gniduiiting in 1868. lie remained at St. Cloud until 1871, then moved to Moorhead, where he has since lived. At that date the ))lace consisted of only an old stage station, then abandoned by the stage com])anyand occupied by a settler named Job Smith, who came in the spring of 1871, and sold to our subject, in t,he sum- mer of that year, his place of 173 acres, where now stands the city of Moorhead. He had taken land in this beautiful and rich valley in 1869-70. The place bought from Job Smith he sold to the Lake Superior and Puget Sound Land Company, which com- pany platted the city. Our subject, how- ever, retained twent3--four acres, on which he erected a fine house and planted an excel- lent orchard. He also eno;aged for two \'ears in selling fiour by the car load, and also built the first ice house in Moorhead. He now deals in both farm and city real estate, at which he has been very successful. He has aided various enterprises in the city, ffivinij' .sl,,")00 toward the Moorhead Mills and putting s(),700 into the foundry of that city. He also aided the Red River Manu- facturing Ccjmpany to the extent of si, 000, to the Broadway hotel, now Ilojie Academ}^ SI, 000, and afterward §100, besides giv- ing various smaller amounts to other enter- prises. He was united in mari'iiige in 1870 to his present wife. In politics Mr. Holes is a republican, and has been a very active citizen in helping to develo]i the Xorthwest, especially Moor- head and Clay county. He was the first county commissioner to be appointed by the governor of the State, and has held the office of county commissioner, chairman of the board of supervisors and school trustee at various times since. He is one of the solid and always reliable men of the country in which he lives and so ably represents, and no num has done more to aid in the growth and development of the county in whit-h he lives than has he. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. i7r /^DWARD A. ZIEBARTH, a farmer of \^^ Logan township, Grant count}', Min- nesota, and a resident of section 14:, is a native of the Kingdom of Pmissia. He was born in Posen, on the 3d of July, 1840, and is the son of William and Rosena (Spangler) Ziebarth, natives of that king- dom. Tiie parents of the present subject were Ijorn in Prussia. In 1855 the}"^ emi- grated to the United States, and, after land- ing on America's shores, settled in Chicago, Illinois. They remained in tluit city during the winter, and in the spring of 1856, after the father's deatli, the remainder of the fam- ily went to Wi'ight county, Minnesota. They took a claim of 160 acres, and there lived until 1872. The mother died in Wright county in April, 1877. The parents were faithful members of the Lutheran Evan- gelical church. The\^ were blessed with nine children, seven of whom are living, namely — Matilda, Rosena, Paulena, William, Edward, Bertha and Minerva. . Mr. Ziebarth spent his younger days in his native land, attending the excellent com- mon schools of that country, and at the age of fourteen years came, with his parents, to the American continent. William took charge of the home farm m Wright county, and still operates it. Edward remained with his brother until 1861. He then, on the 30th of September, 1861, enlisted in the Fourth ]\[innesota Infantry, and served until the 15th of March, 1865, when he was honorably discharged at St. Paul, Minnesota. He served under Captain Ed- son, now a resident of Glencoe and now judge of that district. Mr. Ziebarth par- ticipated in the battle of luka, Septem- ber I'J, 1862, in which he was wounded in the leg, and was confined in the hospitals for three months. He then returned to his regiment, and took part in the engagements at Holly Spi-ings, Raymond. Jackson, Cham- pion Hill and siege of Yicksburg. He was taken ))risoner on the 13th of Dec- ember, lS(i4, and was held for three months and ten days, at Florence, South Carolina. He then returned to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he received his honorable discharge. After his discharge he returned to AYright county, Minnesota, where he remained, engaged in farming, until 1866. In 1866 he went to Minneapolis, Minne- sota, near which place he rented a farm and engaged in farming for a jieriod of three years. He then moved to Grant county, and took a soldier's homestead, on which he lived, engaged in agricultural pur- suits, for eighteen months. At the expira- tion of this time Mr. Ziebarth returned to Wright county, and, after a three-years' sojourn in that region, returned to Grant county. Upon his settling here the second time, he occupied the same homestead, on section 14, Logan township, where he has since lived, devoting his attention, exclu- sively, to general farming and stock-i'aising. He has 160 acres, well imjjroved and under a high state of cultivation. Mr. Ziebarth was married on the 22d of September, 1866, to Miss Mary Kniible, and the fruits of this union have been eleven children, named Emma, Ida, August, Lydia, Herman, Clara, Mary, Anna, .Her- bert, Anna M. and Pearly. Anna and Pearly are deceaseil. Mrs. Ziebarth is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Sullivan county on the 18th of July, 1844. The sub- ject of this article has taken a prominent part in all moves calculated to lienefit the locality in which he lives, and is a highly esteemed and exemplary citizen of Grant county. He has hcki the office of sheriff of the county, member of the board of county commissioners, supervisor of the township and justice of the peace. He is an active member of the Lutheran church, and in political nuitters affiliates with the repub- lican party. No man has been more prom- RED RIVER VALLEY AND inently identified with the official hist<)ry of Grant count v. «"J^j^-^*- WILLIAM E. CHIDESTER is a real estate agent in Alexamli'ia, Doug- las county. Minnesota, lie lias a host of private lands on his lists for sale, is agent for lands of the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Mani- toba Railroad Company, and is also agent for Florida lands. His agency is one of the most Hourisiiing and liigidy recommended in the city ;ind county. L;ind owners will do well to list their lands with his agency. ^[r. Chidester is a native of Massachusetts, and was born August 1, lS4fi. lie is the son of Dr. Williiun M. and Sylvia (Bancroft) Chidester, who were natives, resi)ectivcly, of Connecticut and Massachusetts. Dr. William Chidester's father was Hezekiah Chidester, a native of Williamstown. Massuchusetts. The hitter's father was William Chidester, a native of Wales He came to America about 1750, settling at Williamstown, Massa- chusetts. Dr. William M. Chidester came to what is now the State of Ohio in 1802. His family settled first at Canfield, Mahoning county, from whence he removed to Lorain county, where he lived until his death in 1856. He married Sylvia Bancroft, by whom he had four children, three of whom are now liv- ing — Buel, William E., and Anne. The early history of this family and the tracings of its genealogical recoi'd are very interesting. The hardships to all families in the latter part of the last century and early years of this jiresent one were severe and cruel, but to this family came hardships the most cruel. William, the great-grandfather of the sul)ject of our sketch, was killed in an attem])t to rescue some friends who had been captured by the Indians. His son served al)out five vears in the Itevolutionarv War, and was in the sanguinary battles of Brandywine aiul Monuu)uth. He was one of the pioneei- settlers of Ohio, and died February "2(1, 1818. William E. Chidester, whose name appeal's at the head of this sketch, passed his early life in Ohio attending school at Oberlin. On the o|)ening of the Civil War. possessed of the spirit of patriotism that had burned in the breasts of his fathers, lie was ready to serve his c(juntry at the front. In 1862, at fifteen years of age, he enlisted as private in Company D, Eighty-seventh Regiment Ohio A'olunteers, in the three months" serv- ice. He saw service soon after his enlist- ment at Harper's Ferry, September 14tli, where he was captured by the rebels and held jirisoner for two days, when he was ])aroled. In January. 186.3. he re-enlisted in Company K, Tenth Regiment Ohio Cavalry, rising in a year from the private ranks to that of corjioral. While scouting between the battles of Averysboro and Bentonville, North Carolina, on the IStli of March, 1865, he was again taken pi-isoner. From that time till the 2nd of April he was kept in con- finement in that vilest of all vile places,Libby ])rison, and was among the last of the inmates of that ])rison who were liberated. His was not a silk-stocking sei-vice by any means. His sufferings in prison were in- tense, as his shattered constitution and impaired health attest. He also saw severe service in fighting the enemy, being in the battles of Tunnel Hill, Resaca, Kingston, siege of Atlanta, battle of Jouesboro, Love- joy, Macon, siege of Savannah, and many smaller l)attles and skirmishes. At the cessation of hostilities he was honorably discharged, and returned to Ohio a much altered man. He was sun struck in Au- gust, 1863, and this, with his sufferings in prison and rough life in camp and on the field of battle, had broken down his health so that he was but a wreck' of what PARK K EC IONS OF MINNESOTA. 173 he was and promised to be on entering tiie service. Indeed, the effects of his war experience have never left him, and never since his discharge has he been a thorougiily well man. He returned to Oberlin, Oliio, after his discharge, and com- menced a course of study in the college at that place. But his poor hoidth forced him to give up study, and he went to Wyoming Territory, wiiere he was employed as agent for the Union Pacific Railroad Company from 186S till 1871. From thence he came to Alexandria, Douglas county, Minnesota, re- maining but a short time and going there- from to St. Anthony, where for a \'ear and a half he was agent for the Northern Pacific Railroad Company. Poor health forced him out of this employment, and tliinking to find some I'elief, he came back to Alexandria, where lie has remained ever since. He has held a number of positions of trust in the county, and in every case has proven his efficiency and trustworthiness. He has served as de])ut\' count}' treasurer, deputy register of deeds and deputy judge of ])robate, and for one term held the office of clei'k of tiie dis- trict court. For several terms he has been town clerk. Mr. Chidester was married in 1870 to Miss Mary E. Tenney. of Baldwinsville, New York. She died in December, 1871. Mr. Chidester was married tlie second time in 1873, to Miss Elizabeth A. Stoneman, of St. Anthony, Minnesota. Five children have blessed this union — Orvill T., Ruth S., Bes- sie B., Ellen A. and William E. In 1882 Mr. Chidester opened up his present business, which he has conducted ever since. He purchased 200 acres on Lake Geneva, about a mile and one-half fi'om Alexandria, where he has a beautiful iiome, called the Sylvan Home. He has since sold 140 acres of said land. On tiiis original tract is the well known " Hotel Alexandria," one of the best known summer resorts in the Northwest. Mr. Chidester platted thirty acres of his land and has been sellinga num- ber of lots. Politically he affiliates with the republican party, is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity and the G. A. R. He and his wife are members of the Congregational church, in which society he holds the posi- tion of deacon. Mr. Chidester is one of Alexandria's most progressive and represen- tative citizens, and enjoys the esteem and confidence of his fellow townsmen. -«" ^-^^ ^ ME NDERS B. PEDERSEN. No man in Jp*~-JL the famous Park Regions is more deservino" of credible mention than the jjen- tleman whose name heads tiiis article. He is the postmaster, and also the leading mer- chant at Rothsay, a thriving village located in the northeastern part of Wilkin ccnmty, Minnesota. Born in Norway, he comes of the same sturdy nationality which has fur- nislied Minnesota with so many of its most enterprising and tiirifty citizens, and a race proverbial for tiieir integrity, frugality and industr}'. Mr. Pedersen was born at Sigdal, near Christiania, the capital of Norwav, on the 2Sth of October, 1838. His parents were Peder and Berthe Erickson, who were farm- ers in their native land. Anders B. Pedersen auule his home with his parents until he was twenty-five years of ae:e. During this time he received the same training and education that is common to the youth of that land, and in addition to this he learned tlie tailor's trade, and when about eighteen years of age he enlisted in the military service, as artillerist, in tlie city of Christiania. After coming home from there, at the age of twenty-five, he jnirchased a farm, which he carried on in connection witli his trade. Thus matters continued until 1870. when he came to the United 174 RED Kni:K I'Al.I.EY AXD States, making his way directly to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he secured work at his trade. In November, 1S7!\ he removetl to Rothsay, and lias since made that ids liome. He was among the very first settlers there, and, in fact, was the first man to haul lumber to the site of the viilaiie, luiiitjinii- it from Manston, ten miles distant, the railroad not being compiel(Hl to Rotlisay as yet. He at once got in iiis goods antl erected iiis build- ing and got it enclo.sed. but not finished, wlien winter set in. That iiappened to be the coldest winter on recoi'd since tiie State was settled, and he had difficult work soiue of the time to kee]) from freezing. At one time he had to stay in liis store for three days and nights withont anything but crack- ers to eat, as the storm was so severe he could not get to his l)oarding house, only a few I'ods distant. Undaunted, how- ever by sucii difficulties, he has continued in business at this point ever since, and iuis built uj) an extensive trade. He is in excel- lent circumstances financially, and it is all the result of his own industry and persever- ance, as he is a self-made man in the fullest sense of that term. He owns a fine farm of ItJO acres, five miles from Rothsay, and eiglity acres adjoining the village, upon which he has a good residence and otiier vahiiible improvements. Mr. Tedersen l-as always taken an active interest in all matters of a public nature. At the present writing he is president of the villiage council and has been a member of that body ever since the village was incor- porated. He has also been village treasurer as well as treasurer of the ci'eamery com- ])any, and he is recognized as one of the most snl)stantial and capable business men in the I'ark Regions. An affable and genial gen- tleman, he has made many warm friends and his honorable methods of doing business have made his word as good as a bond. Mr. Pedeisen is also the inventor of a patented razor sharpener which has a great deal of merit and promises to be jirofitable. By it a child can sharpen a razor better than nine- tenths of the barbers. A com})any called the Scandia Razor Sharpener Company has lat(>ly been iiu-orporated at Fergus Falls to handle the invention. Our subject was married in September, 1872, to Miss .Torgiiu^ Watnoss. and liy this marriage thej' became the jiarents of the following named children — Reder Georg, Rei'the Seline, Oscar Edward. Petra Olivia and Ida Alice. The following are deceased — PederG., Petra and Oscar — while the remain- ing two are still at home with their parents. Mrs. Pedersen is a daughter of Ole G. and and Sigri Watnoss. -^^ tVER iVERSON, the principal grain dealer 3^ at Norcross and manager of the elevator at that place, is one of the most capable and efficient j'oung businessmen in Grant county, lie was born in the city of Christian in, the cap- ital of Norway, on the 28th of February, ISCd. and is a son of Jorgens Iverson. The father was a railway engineer, and was one of the first men to run a locomotive in Nor- wav, liavino- followed that business since 1855. Jorgens Iverson and wife were the parents of five children — ^ Iver, Samuel, Jen- nie, Andrew and Charles. Iver Iverson, whose name heads this arti- cle, received his education m Norway, the land of his birth. He attended school from the time he was six until he was fifteen ears of age, and then took up a seafaring life. After following a sailor's fortunes for a year he then was employed for a year in the railway shops. At the expiration of that time lie '' fired " for his father for two years on the railroad. When he had reached the age of eighteen — in 1878 — he sailed for tiie Uniteil States, and after a vovage of PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 175 twenty -one days, landed in Castle Garden, New York. He made his way directly to Morris. Minnesota, wiiere he began working in an elevator. After two years of this woi-Jc he started on an extended trip ^vhich lasted six months, and upon his return to Morris he resumed his former position. Six months later lie was given charge of the elevator at Norcross, where he has i-emained ever since. Mr. Iverson was marrietl in November, 1884, to Miss Bertha Sherstad, who is also a native of Norway. In political matters Mi-. Iverson is a re- liulilicaii. He lias always taken an active and prominent part in all matters of a public nature, and is regarded as one of tlie leading citizens of the locality in which he lives. At various times he has iield local offices, .such as school clerk and treasurer, justice of the peace, etc., and every enterprise calcu- lated to benefit his town or county has always received liis support and coopera- tion. v^^ ^^MEL LARSEN, one of the most promi- Vt^ nent merchants at Brandon, and one of the most successful and enterprising busi- ness men in Douglas county, Minnesota, was born at Edsberg, Smaalenderne, Norway, on tiie 16th of November, 18-1:9, and is a son of Lars Evenson, wlio also lives in Brandon. Our subject was one of a family of eigiit ciiildren, as follows — Julian, Sophia, Carl, Johanna, Emel, IMartin, Anton and Tea. Sophia is still in Norway, while Carl and Julian are both farmers in Moe township, Douglas county, ^Minnesota. Martin is a farmer in Norman county, Minnesota. Emel Larsen, whose name heads our pres- ent article, received his etiucation near the capital of his native land, attending school until he was about fourteen years of age, and from that time until he was twent\'-one he was employed principally in wholesale houses. In 1871 he sailed for the United States, and after a voyage of about thirteen days he landed at Castle Garden, New Yoi-k. From there ho went to Chicago, and a shoi't time later to Michigan, and then to Wiscon- sin, where he worked in saw mills, and also in the pineries. In 1872 he came to Douglas county, Minnesota, and engaged in farming in Moe township. There he took considerable interest in public affairs and held various local offices. In 1879 he removed to Bran- don, where he has since lived. He built and ran the first hotel started in the vilhige, and afterwaid in company with others engaged in the genei'al merchandise business under the firm name of Larsen, Peterson & Co. He has since continued in this line, and the firm now carry the heaviest stock of goods in the place, and they are rated as one of the most substantial business houses in the county. Mr. Larsen has always taken a prominent part in all enterprises calculated to aid in the growth and development of the village or surrounding country. In 1887 he aided in organizing a company which erected the Brandon flouring mills, and is now one of the directors of the corporation. He has also taken an active interest in public mat- ters, and for a num.ber of years has been president of the village council, and liolds that office at the present writing. He is a republican in political matters, and an honored member of the Masonic frater- nity. Our subject was married, in 1882, to Miss Menda Larson, and they are the parents of four living children — Lars G., Ovida A., Emil A. and Ella S. One child. Ella M., died when six months of age. The family are exemplary members of the Lutheran church. Mrs. Larsen was born in Norway, and came to the United States in 1873. 176 RED RIVER VALLEY AND JOHN CHRISTENSON, wlio is engaged in the general merchandise and drug business in Elbow Lake, Grant county, Min- nesota, is a native of Sweden, lie was born in the southern part of that country, October 30, 1842, and is a son of Christian and Anna (Ciiristenson) Nelson, natives also of the kingdom of Sweden. The father and mother of the subject of this article were the ])arents of five children, as follows — Anna, Geoi'ge, Christian, Peter and John. John, the subject of our present sketch, remained on the home farm in his native land and attended school until he was sixteen years of age. He then entered as an appren- tice to the watch-maker's trade, at which he was engaged until he was twent^'-one^'ears of age. After learning the trade, he worked at it until 1867, when he settled in Germany, where he followed his trade for four years. Mr. Christenson then started for the United States, landing in New York City after a passage on tlie ocean of nineteen da^'S. From New York he went to Chicago, Illinois, where he was engaged in the jewelry business for two years. He then went to Cresco, Iowa, and after one year's work at his trade went to Leroy, Minnesota, I'emaining in that place for three yeai's, occupied in the jewelry and drug business. On leaving Leroy, Mr. Christenson removed to Herman, Grant county, Minnesota, settling there in 1878. He engageil in the jewelry and drug business, and four years later added general merchan- dise. In the spring of 1887 he sold his busi- ness interests in Herman and moved to Elbow Lake, in the same county. On settling in Elbow Lake, he opened his present store of general merchandise and drugs, and Mr. Christenson is now one of the most prom- inent and influential business men of Grant count}'. Mr. Christenson was united in maiTiage December 27, 1878, to Miss Belle Yaa, and this union has been blessed by two children. Albert and Julius. Mrs. Christenson was born if. the kingdom of Norway, and was brought to the United States when she was but one j^ear old, by her parents, who settled in Fillmore county, where she was reared and educated. Mr. Christenson, with his family, belongs to the Lutheran chuich, of which organization they are acceptable mem- bers. The subject of this article is an adher- ent to the principles of the republican party, and takes an active interest in any enterjirise whereby his town or county may be benefited, lie held the oflice of village trustee while in Herman, and since his resi- dence in Elbow Lake has held the position on the school Ijoard and now holds the oflice of trustee. "]^ NUD D. ERICKSON, the efficient and _l^(^ accommodating jiostmaster at the village of Aastad, Otter Tail county, Minne- sota, is a thrifty representative of the Nor- wegian race, that nationality so distinguished for their energy, frugality and economy. Mr. Erickson is a native of Norway, born on the 15th of June, 18ri.3. and is the son of Erick and Ingrid (Hanson) Knutson, natives also of Norway. The parents of the present subject emigrated to the United States in lSGl,and settled in Decorah, Iowa, where they remained five years, then removing to Winnebago count\', Iowa, and after a six years' sojourn in that place, engaged in farm- ing, the}^ removed to Otter Tail county, jMinnesota. The father homesteaded a tract of land on section 34, Aastad township, where he hassince lived, engaged in farming. In addition to his farm labors, he is engaged in the mercantile business in the A'illage of Aastad, and is one of the most prominent and influential men of the village. The father and mother of our subject were the- parents of the following children — Knud PAJiK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 177 and Isabella, who died at the age of twenty- one years, in 1SS3. Mr. Erickson, tlie subject of this article, emigrated with iiis parents to the United States in 1861, and after a voyage of six weeks on a sailing vessel, landed at Quebec, Canada. After landing they removed to Iowa, settling at Decorah. At the expira- tion of five years, they again removed, this time settling in Winnebago county, Iowa. It was in tiiis county wliere our subject re- ceived the greater par't of his schooling, securing a practical business education. Six yeai's latei' tliey came to Otter Tail count}', Minnesota. Here Knud Erickson studied under George W. McComber. of Tumeli, Otter Tail county, and thus received a thorough education. Mr. Erickson was married in September, 1883, to Miss Torena T. Bergseid, a native of Norway, who came to the United States when in her fourteenth year. Mr. and Mrs. Erickson are the parents of one child, Edward T. Mr. Erickson with liis family belongs to the Lutheran church. He has held the following offices in his township — postmaster, since April 13, ISSO, chairman of the board of supervisors, and justice of the peace since 1882. He is a stanch repub- lican in ids political belief, and one of the active participants in all movements of a local nature, in wiiich the town or county mav derive benefit. Ji^ENRY M. HUNTING, one of the old- Jlj^^ est residents of the village of Ada, and the present justice of the peace of that l)lace, is one of the " brave boys in blue" that flew to the defense of their native land in the hour of its direst need in the Civil War of 18G1-6.J, and a history of his life is .possessed of many points of interest. Mr. Hunting was i^orn June 21, 1837, at Henderson, Jefferson county, New York, and is the son of Jabez and Caroline (Kemp) Hunting. His earlier boyhood was spent in the sciiools of that portion of the " Empire State," but in 1851 he was brought bj'his parents to Wisconsin. The familj' settled in Columbia county, on a farm purchased by the father, where our suljject grew to man- hood, and there finished his elementary edu- cation. While the pulse of the nation beat witli feverish intensity in the spring of IStU, on the receipt of the news of the attack upon Fort Sumter, and the subsetpient call to ai'uis, with the fires of patriotism glowing in, his breast, our subject left the parental roof and enrolled iiimself among the brave defenders of our country's honor and flag. Enlisting in Company A, Second Wisconsin Infantry, he was mustered into the United States service at Madison, June 11, 1861, and with the command was at once for- warded to Washington, then threatened by the rebels. On the 21st of July, of that year, he participated in the first battle of Bull Run, that so much misunderstood con- test, where our arms suffered their first re- pulse. In September, following, the regi- ment was taken from the brigade of CTcneral Slierman, wiiei'e it had been since joining the Army of tlie Potomac, and placed under General King, of Milwaukee, who wanted Western men. The Second, Sixth and Sev- enth Wisconsin and Nineteenth Indiana formed his command, afterward so widely and jvistly celebrated as the " Iron Brigade." They lay in camp, on the Maryland side of the river, until November, and then were transferred to the south shore, on the " sacred soil of Vii-ginia," and were in camp, near Arlington Heights, all winter. In the spi'ing of 1862 the brigade moved with the column under General Irwin iVIcDowell, to Cedar Mountain, but did not reach that l)oint in time to participate in the battle 178 RED KIVEK VALLEY AND that had been fought there. On their re- turn inai'ch, at Gainesvalle, they int't a large body of i-ebcls. and, in the encounter tiiat ensued, the brit;a(ie suffered a loss of some iive hundred men, and the Secoiui Wiscon- sin their colonel. ( )n the 2'.tth and 30th of August, 1862, ^Ir. Hunting with his regi- ment took part in the second battle of Bull Run, and on the repulse at that point marched for South Mountain, Maryland, where he participated in the engagement of September 14th, where the brigade won for itself immortal renown and the sohrlquet that is so widely known. On the 17th of the same month, in the hot and devastating fire on Antietam's blood}' field, he followed the colors of his i-egiment, a day to be re- membered, and where twenty-si.\ heroes of his com]«inv were killed or wounded. ]\[i'. Hunting served as hospital steward at the field hospital until that w;is broken up. in the spring of lSr>3, after which he icjoined ! the regiment, then at Fredericksburg, and with it participat(Ml in the carnage at Chan- cellorsville. May."., ISOS; the decisive and sanguinar}' battle at Gettysburg, July 1.2' and 3 ; Mine Run, November 29, of the same year; the murderous and extended i battle of the Wilderness, May 5 and 6, 1S64 ; i Spottsylvania, May 8, and all the othei' bat- I ties and skirmishes of the campaign niulcr Grant that took place that year. In November, 18(!;3, Mr. Hunting returned to Wisconsin, where he was engaged in re- i cruiting until May 1, 1804, returning just in time to pai'ticipate in the spring canipaign. He was promoted to the I'ank of third ser- geant, after Gettysbui';:-, and served in that capacity untd his discharge. JJesides the battles enunicnited iibove. ^\v. Hunting took a part in tlu^ engagements at Orange court house, July, 1862; Beaver Dam, or Gaines I Mill, August 5 to 8, 1862; Eappa ban nock Staticm, August 2,1862; Sulphur Springs, \ August 26, 1862 ; Fit/ Hugh's Crossing, ! April 29, 1863; Kelley's Ford, July 9, 1863 ; and Ilaccoon h'ord, June .'") and 6, 1864. On the 18th of June, 1864, their term of service having expired, the company of which !Mr. Hunting was a member arrived in ]\[adison for discharge, having onlv two sergeants, two corjiorals and eighteen pri- vates left of the 102 who had left the State in its ranks. In February, 1865, our subject enlisted in Company C, Ninth Regiment of the P'irst Veteran Reserve Corps, under Gen- eral W. S. Hancock, and was made first sergeant of the company. He remained at Washington for a time, whence he was sent to Indianapolis to perform guard duty, and from thei'c to Davenpoi't, Iowa, toguaiil the Sioux Indian prisoners there, and I'e- inained in the latter place until February 14, 1S66, when he was tinally discharged. Mr. Hunting returned to his home in Wis- consin, where he stayed until April 1, isTt!, when he removed to Sauk Center, Minnesota, where he rented a farm and entered upon its tillage. In the fall of the same year he came to the Red River N'alley, and took up a claim one mile and a half northeast of where Ada now stands, the village then consisting of one small, portable house, used as a station, one board shanty, and a small building used for a warehouse. He returned to Sauk Center, where his family were, and s]ient the winter. In the sjiring he returned to his claim, anti broke some twenty acres of itand erected a sod stal)le, l)ut returned to Sauk Center for his family, whom he brought here in September of that yeai'. He put up a house ami cairied on the farm until 1881. While there he took an active part in all town matters, ami served as chairman of the town boaril and as school director, as well as in other ollices. In the spring of 1882 he I'enioveil into the village of Ada, havinjj jireviouslr purchased six lots on Atlantic avenue, and in a house erected there, lived PARK AEG/CNS OF MINNESOTA. 179 for two years and then removed to liis pres- ent I'esidence. In 1884 Mr. Hunting put in a stoeiv of farm machinery, and followed the sale of that line of goods for two years. In the spring of 18S3 he was elected to the positions of botli town and village justice, and has been reelected his own successor ever since. The same year he was chosen president of the village board, and held that office for a year. The subject of this memoir was married November 28, 1864, to Miss Alice Taylor, of Fall Tliver, Columbia county, Wisconsin, who died in January, 1865. On tiie 14th of December,. 1867, he was united in marriage with Mrs. Nancy Hunting, nee Silsbee, the widow of his brother, who had died from exposure shortly after his discharge fi-om the United States service, where he ha^tON. DANIEL W. HIXSON, State sena- -L"^^ tor anil a citizen of Grant county, Mianesota, is a resident of section 23, Dela- ware township. He was born in Burlington, Iowa, December 23, 1843, and is a son of John and Mary (Burnett) Hixson. who were natives of Ohio. Daniel W. remained on the home farm, attending school, until he was seventeen years of age, at which time he enlisted in Com])any C, Thirtieth Iowa Infantry (Fifteenth Army Corps), on Au- gust 4, 1802. He participated in many bat- tles, including Yicksbiirg, Champion Hills, etc., receiving his discharge for a wound received May 22d, at A'icksburg. After his discharge he returned to his old home, and remained there until March 7, 1805, M'hen he was married to Miss Helen Orr, daughter of J. W. and Jane (Baines) Orr. After his marriage he lived on the fai'm in Des Moines county, Iowa, where they re- mained until 1883. In 1883 they removed to Grant county, Minnesota, and D. W. Hixson purchased 480 acres of land in sec- tion 23, Delaware township, where they have since lived. Mr. Hixson has a residence in Herman village, where he with his family spend the rigorous winters. Mr. Hixson has made a specialty more of stock-raising than grain farming, both in Iowa and since com- ing to Minnesota. Mr. Ilixson has been prominently identi- fied with the official histor\' of Grant count}'. In the fall of 1886 he was elected to repre- sent his district in the State senate, and still holds that office. The record he has made reflects credit upon himself as well as the district, and has given him a State reputation as one of the leading members of the " upper house," while in Iowa. Mr. Ilixson was prominently identified with the Grangeorder, being secretary for twenty-seven lodges of that order. It was he who introduced the freedom of traffic bill in the State senate. He was nominated for tliat position by the Farmers' Alliance and endorsed by the re- publican party. By their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Hixson have become the parents of the following children — Edwin S., Elma C. and Capitola. -«-f^^-4- ;iOHN MARTH. Of the many " brave bovs in blue" who found iiomes in the famous Red River Valley and I'ark Regions, perhaps none deserve better mention than the gen- tleman whose name heads this biogi-a|)hical sketch, a popular and prosperous merchant of the village of Barnesville, Claj' county, Minnesota. He is a native of Germany, born in 183T, and is a son of George and Sophia (Hohman) Marth, natives also of the kingdom of Germany. Mr. Marth, of whom this article treats, spent his school days in his native land, where he remained until in his nineteenth year. In 18.57 he immigrated to the United States, and settled in the State of Virginia, where he remained for three months. At the expira- tion of the time, in October. 1S57, he moved to Crow river, Wright county. ]\Iinnesota, where the village of Delano now is located. He was one of the first settlors iti that sec- tion of country, and remaineil there until the fall of 1801. In the fall of that year he en- listed in the First Miimesota Battery, and served three years and nine months. He enlisted on the 4th of October, 1861, at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. The month of Kovember, 1801, was spent at La Crosse, and from that place the battery went to St. Louis, Missouri ; then on to I'ittsburo- O Landing, taking ]iart in tliat engagement. Our subject was in many important engage- ments and sieges, including the following : Siege of Corinth, battle of Corinth ; then fol- lowed the rebel general. Price, through Ten- nessee, and from Memphis moved on to Vicksburg, iluring the winter of 1862-63. PARK KEGJOXS OF MINNESOTA. l8i In the spring of 1SG3 the battery moved to the rear of Vicksburg, ])articipating in the siege and surrender of that place. After the surrender, the battery remained there as guard, and on Christmas of 1863 Mr. Marth's time expii-ed. He re-enlisted, how- ever, and obtained a forty-day furlongh, in which he returned to Minnesota, and re- mained until the furlough expired. He then I'eturned to active service. He went to Cairo, Illinois, whei-e he met his old battery, and they moved up the Tennessee river, going to lluntsville, Alabama. They joined Sherman's army at Big Shanty, before Kene- saw Mountain, and took part in that battle. Mr. Marth was with Sherman in his famous "march to the sea," and took part in all those heavy battles and weary marches. He then went to Washington, District of Co- lumliia. by way of Petersburg, Richmond and Alexandria. He participated in the grand review, and then went with his battery to Fort Snelling, Minnesota, where he was hon- orably discluxrge on the 1st day of June, 1865. He was in ten separate and distinct battles, and received no disabling wound nor was made prisoner. After his discharge he went to AVabasha, Minnesota, where he remainetl until the spring of 1866. He then engaged in farming near Delano, Wright county, Minnesota, where he remained eight vears, engaged in agridult- ural jmrsuits. In 187i he removed into the village of Delano and erected a building, where he engaged in the general mercantile business for three years. In October, 1877, Mr. Marth removed to Barnesville, Clay county, Minnesota, and took a claim about a mile from the village. After he secureti his claim he returned to Delano, where he re- mained until 1878. In the spring of that year he returned to Barnesville and built a store, in which he ])laced a full line of gen- eral merchandise. He has since been en- gaged in the liusiness; has a stock worth iB30,000, and is one of the most successful business men of that region. In 1885, when the town was organized, he removed liis store to the new town, and lias since cai'ried on business there. In addition to his busi- ness interests, he owns a fine farm of 960 acres, 800 acres beingundercuitivation, and it is under liis own supervision. He is a promi- nent man of his village, and has held the offices of scliool director and chairman of the town board. He is a member of the E. M. Ken Held Post, No. 145, Grand Army of the Tiepublic. lie is a member of the German Luthei'an churcii. A man of the strictest integrity, he stands high in the community in which lielives, both as a business man and an exemplary citizen. Mr. jNIarth was married June 21-, 1867, to Miss WiJliamina Ivlement, and they are the pai-ents of six children namely — Matilda, Sophia, Amanda, John, Rosa and Alvina. Mrs. Marth's father was a soldier in the Fourth Missouri Cavalry. He was taken prisoner and died in Libby prison. In political affairs Mr. Marth is a repub- lican. ^.^►^ \OH. BERNHARD SAMPSON, one of the enterprising and influential citizens of Crookston. is one of the earliest settlers in the Red River Valley, taking his claim here on the 12th of June, 1872, since which time he has been largely identified with the growth and develojnnent of this portion of the State of Minnesota. Mr. Sam{)son was born in the kingdom of Sweden, October 26, 1840, and is the son of Bernhard and Olena Sampson. In Ids native land he received his education, and amid familiar surroundings grew to manliood. Perceiving the improbability, if not iinjios- sibilitv, of a man raising himself, in the land l82 RED RIVER VALLEY AX D ol his birth, above the condition in which he ] was born, in 1867 he crossetl the ocean to the free shores of the Great Republic in search of a competency and a home. For two years after liis arrival in the United States he was emj)Ioyed on I'ailroads in Ohio and Michigan, but in 1869 he came west to Minnesota. Finding employment on the construction of the Northern Pacific railroad, he woi'kod west from Eraincrd to tlie Chey- enne river, Dakota, and in 1870 took up a claim on the banks of tiiat stream, witii tlie intention of making a farm, tlie grand ambi- tion of his life, lie put up a log cabin, and sowed some eighty acres of land he bad brolcen with wheat, and made his home upon it, sometimes working there and sometimes on the railroad for eighteen months, but, the grassho])pers devouring every part of his crop, in the spring of 1872 he left that i)art of the country and returned to Minnesota. Here, in company with some other parties, he took several contracts for grading on the Manitoba railroad, then in process of con- struction, north of Glyndoii. The first time ho came to Red Lake river was in May, 1872, when he brought up, with his team, several surveyors to the point where the i-oad was supposed to cross the stream, about two miles east of the present site of Crookston. His next trip was on the same errand, shortly after, and lie found that nearly all the land in that vicinity was taken possession of by settlers, and, it being heavy and wet, he came down the river a couple of miles and took up ii claim where he now lives. This was the 12th of June, 1872. A few days later the survey of the road was changed to its pres- ent location, and made his place the most eligible of the neighborhood. He erected a log cabin on his claim, which was one of the first, if not the first, in this part of the val- ley, and, after the gi-ading contracts were finished, located on his claim. Here, for years, he devoteil his energies to its im- provement and cultivation. His original ])iece of ground contained some 149 acres, to wliicii he added forty acres i)ought of the State, being school land, and seventy- three of the railroad, making in all 262 acres, all of wiiich is excellent arable land. In 1882 Mr. Sampson ])latted some eighty- four acres of his place under the name of Sampson's addition to (h-ookston, and the same year South CrooUston was laid out on his original claim. In addition to this property he has a fine farm of 16".' acres of land (me mile southwest of the city, and 160 acres of excellent hay land in the town of Russia, giving him superior advantages in stock-raising, in which he takes the greatest pride. He devotes considerable attention to the rearing of horses, and has sold off of his farm, in the spring of 1888, a matched span of colts for $600 to a St. Paul ])arty. But it is in his public life that Mr. Samp- son is most widely known. His first public office of any moment was that of clei'k of the district court of Polk county, to which he was elected in 1878. At the explication of his term of service, in 1880, he was elected a member of the State legislature, and rep- resented this district in the twenty-second session of the house of I'epresentatives. The district then embraced the twelve counties of Clay, I'ecker, Wadena. Todd, Otter Tail, AVilkin, Beltrami, Norman, Mar- shall, Kittson, Hubbard and Polk, in all of which Mr. Sampson received handsome majorities, except in Todd. On the organization of tlu^ (Jrookston Improvement Company, the subject of this sketch was chosen its first president, in recog- nition of his services in behalf of the com- munity. The following year, in conijiany with F. J. Wilcken and Julius Bjornstad, of St. Paul, he put up the Crookston roller Hour- ing mill, at an expense of $.50,000, his share of which exceeded S13,000. The mill, which PARK KF.GIOXS OF MIXNESOTA. 1S3 was one of the best in tlie valley, had a daily capacity of '^50 barrels of Hour, and used both steam and water ])ower. It was operated until June 4, ISST when it was destroyed by lire. Mr. Sampson, however, had disjjosed of his interest ))revious to its tlestruction. In the fall of 188(1 the gentleman of whom we write was elected by a handsome majority to represent this district in the State senate, the position which he so admirably fills at jiresent. He has ever been one Y)f the most active and public-spirited men in the com- munity; and takes great interest in the growth and improvement of both Crookston and the country in general. He was a mem- ber of the l)oard of education of the city when the present tine school buililing was erected, and takes great interest in all educa- tional matters. Mr. Sam])son was nnited in marriage June 17, 1871, with Miss Petra Bjornstad, who has become the mother of eight chil- dren — Lena, who was born September 1-i, 1872, is, as far as now known, the first white child born in this part of the lied River Valley ; Selma, Ivickard, Olga, Gustave (deceased), Ilulda, Bernhard and Hagabart. Mr. Sampson, who saw a great deal of frontier life here in early days, says it was no uncommon thing while teaming through here, |)iMor to the erection of bridges, to unhitch his oxen from the wagon, drive them to the edge of the water, jump on one of them and swim them across the stream, holding in one hand the end of a I'ope, with which he was always provided, which was attached to his wagon, and after getting the animals on the other side, he would fasten the line to the yoke of the cattle and haul the wagon over, lie hauled the first load of flour into Moorhead, bringing it from Alexandria to that village in the fall of 1870, for the firm of Eruns & Finkle. With him at the time was one Ole Strand- void. >^HRlSTOPHER C. SHEDD, a retired ^y agriculturist of Douglas county, Minnesota, is a resident of the village of Osakis, where he is an employe in a general merchandise store, with his son. lie is a native of New Hampshire, born in Sullivan county, on the 20th of February, 1827, and is the son of Nathaniel and Cyntlia (An- drews) Shedd, natives of Massachusetts. They were married in New Hampshire in 1826, and settled in that State, remaining there until their death. They were farmers in Sullivan county, where the father died in February, 1878. The mother died in 1848, when our subject was twenty-one years old. They were devoted members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and respected citizens in the locality in which they lived. After the mother's death the father married a Miss Sallv Winter, who is now living in New Hampshire. The father and mother of oiir subject were the parents of the following named children — Christopher C, Betsie A., Cyntha J., AVilliam W. and John G. All the children are deceased except Christopher C. and Betsie A. Mr. Shedd, the subject of the present article, received his education in his native State, and finished his schooling in Kimball Union Academy, in Meriden, New Hamp- shire. He received a good, practical busi- ness education, and, after leaving the acad- emy, worked during the summers on his father's farm. In the winters he taught school, and for a number of years he fol- lowed that profession. He then farmed foi' several years, and in ISO-t engaged in the milling business. After eighteen months he was burned out, and then engaged in the tanning industry. After the short period of six months he was again burned out, but rebuilt and continued in the tanner's busi- ness for six years. Mr. Shedd then sold out and emigrated into the great West, crossing the Mississippi river on the morning of his i84 RED laVER VALLEY AND forty-sixth birthday. In 1873 he settled in Sibley county, Minnesota, where lie remained for one year, and then went to Rice onuiity. Minnesota, whei'e he engaged in the milling business. At the ex[)iration of four years ]\Ir. Shedd moved to Osakis, Douglas county, Minnesota, and purchased a fine farm on sec- tions 2.5 and 26. lie has one of the most de- sirable pieces of property in the county, and was one of the substantial members of the farming- community in that locality. For five years he remained upon tlu; farm, but then finding old age approaching, i-endeiing him unable to perfoi-m hard lalioi', he moved into the village, and was em])l()yed by his son, as above stated. The son had in 1883 openeil a store, and continues to ojierate the same. ^[r. Shedd, the subject of this sketch, was united in marriage on the 2(Uh of March, 1851, to Miss Melita Met calf, a luUive of New Hampshire, and the daughter of Hora- tio and Phebe i^Haven) Metcalf, natives of New Hampshire. Mr. and Mrs. Shedd's union has been blessed with one child — Herbert A., who married Miss Emma Wood- worth, Januar}^ 10, 1878. They have a family of three children — Harry, Frank and Mabel. .■^^ v^^^ BR. WILLIAM R. HAND, who is engaged in the practice of medicine in the village of Herman, Grant county, IMinnesota, is a na- tive of Pennsylvania, l)orn inAYayne county, on the 14th of September, 1854. He is the son of Nathan G., and Leah C. (Crone) Hand, both natives of Pennsylvania. The father died in 1863 in the hospital at Philadelphia from a disease contracted in the army. He enlisted in the Pennsylvania Ileserve Infantrv, One Hundred and Forty-third Regiment, and after a few months of service, was taken sick with chronic diarrhoea, which caused his death. He was a lumberman through life and spent the active part of his life in Wayne county, Pennsylvania. The father and mother of our subject were the parents of the follow- ing named children — Anna M., Lydia C, William It. and Susie, deceased. The latter passed away at the age of four years, of scar- let fever. The two girls are now living in Pennsylvania; one is a school teacher and the other is a milliner. The mother of our subject is now living in Ilawley, Pennsylva- nia. Mr. Hand, the subject of this biographical sketch, spent his boyhooil days in attending school in Ilawley, Pennsylvania, also at- tended the Soldier's Or])han Home School at Montrose, Pennsylvania, from which he graduated in 187(1. !!(> then entered a ma- chine shoji and iron factoiy, and engageil in general iron work for five years. At the expiration of that time he entered the office of a Dr. G. B. Curtiss, of Ilawley, Wayne county. Pennsylvania, antl remained with him six months, at which time his health gave out, and he was forced to abandon work for a period of five months. He then en- gaged in the study of medicine with Dr. Stephen Maxon, of Cuba, Allegany coun- ty, New York. At that time this doctor was one of the most prominent and noted men, and his decision and judgment as in- fluential as any in the East. Dr. Hand re- mained with this noted man for two years, and at the expiration of that time entered the Ohio ^Medical College at Cincinnati, and graduated from the full college course with high honors in 1877. No sooner had he fin- ished college than he at once entered into his life's work, opening an olHce at Scrubgrass, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, and after remaining there one year, removed to Brad- ford, Mclvean county, Pennsylvania, where he was engaged in his profession for a period of three \'ears. The doctor then removed to Scranton, where he remained for two years, PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA 185 and from this place again removed, settling at Herman, Grant county, Minnesota. In January, 1883, he opened an office in Herman, and at once began liis professional life in this Western town. He has since been entraged in his medical work, ami now commands a large and increasing practice. He is rec ognized as one of the leading medical prac- titioners in that I'egion of the State, and is a man of cai'eful judgment and honest decision. Dr. Hand was united in marriage on the 30th of March, 1885, to Miss Jennie Hugunin, a native of Minnesota, and now the mother of one clnld, Lillia May. Mrs. Hand is a graduate of the excellent high school at Owatonna, Steele county, Minnesota, and prior to her marriage was a school teacher by profession. Dr. Hand is one of the promi- nent citizens of Grant county, and takes an active interest in all local and ]uiblic affairs. He is a republican in his political belief and has held the offices of recorder, deputy coroner, health officer, etc. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and one of the leading and influential men of Herman vil- lage. MORMAN A. BASSETT, a prominent and })rosperous farmer of section 35, Moland township. Clay county, Minne- sota, is a native of Pennsylvania. He was born in Bradford county, ilairh 10, 1820, and is a son of John and Clar- issa (Kellogg) Bassett. natives of Khode Islantl and Vermont, respective! \'. The father was a farmer, tanner and boot and shoe manufacturer. He settled in Penn- sylvania in an early day and was married there. His death occurred June 27, 18-12, and his wife died in 1881 at the advanced age of ninety -si.x years. There were nine ciiildren in the family — John W., Charles E., Orville P., Saraii A. (now Mrs. Aldrich), Chauncy, Susan (the wife of IMr. Todd), Norman A. (our suljject), antl Julia ('. (mar- I'ied to Mr. Cogshell). Two of the family are deceased. Norman, the subject of this memoir, spent his early cliildhood on a farm. When he was eight years of age the family removed to East Smithfield, Pennsylvania, where he attended the common school until he was sixteen years of age. He then entered his brother's wagon shop, and after remaining as an apprentice to that trade for some eighteen months, he entei'ed in the milling business with his father. He was engaged in this until 1813, when he moved into nortiiei-n Hlinois, and from there went to Lee county, Iowa, remaining with his l)rother, Samuel, during the winter. He then returiu'd to Illinois, settling in Carthage, Hancocic county, where he remained six months. He next settled in Boone county? Illinois, where he followed his trade until 1851. While in Carthage, Illinois, Mr. Bassett was a witness to the death of Joseph Smith, the Mormon, and at that time he (Mr. Bassett) was a member of the Carthage Guards, and doubtless he is the only person now living who witnessed the killing of that notorious personage. In 1851 Mr. Bassett removed to Independence, Iowa, and pur- chased ninety acres of land near that place. He then eno-aged in general farming, and also worked at his trade, until he moved to Chatluun, Iowa, where he remained ;ibout five years. He next removed to Clay county, ]\Iinnesota, and settled on the land which composes his present residence, and where he has lived ever since. He was one of the earliest settlers in his townshi|i, and has done a great deal to promote all public and educa- tional interests. Mr. Bassett was united in marriage, in ISiO, to Miss Keziah Hale, who was born in East Sinithtiekl, Pennsylvania, and is a daughter of Mason and Almira (King) Hale. 1 86 KED KIVEH VALLEY AXD They came west in 1S42, and settled near Belvidere, Boone county, Illinois, Avhere the father was engaged in farniin"; for a number of years. They next removed to Waterloo, Iowa, where the mother died in 1870, and the father in 1883. Mr. and Mrs. Bassett are the parents of the following children — Ilorence 11. (now Mr.s. Spragg;, Clara O., N. Arthur, John M., Franklin II., Charles A., C. Howard, Bertha M. (tlie wife of Mr. William Osborn), and Julia M. Franklin is teaching in Japan, imd Florence, Clara and Bertiia were all school teacliers. Mr. Bassett formei-ly sup|)orted the repub- lican party, and was one of the delegates to the first I'cpubJican convention held in the State of Iowa. At present he is an advocate of the principles of the prohibition part};, and it was Mr. Bassett who cast the first and oidy vote for St. John for president in Mo- land township. Clay county. He has held various offices in the different localities in which he has resided, and was the firet town clerk in three tliiferent townships, in three different States. He holds the office of justice of the peace in his resident township, and has lielped organize tlirec townships, one ill Illinois, one in Iowa, and one in Minnesota. J\Ir. and Mrs. Bassett are members of the Methodist church, of which organization he is recording secretary. ^■^^ «»- /^ DWIN C. SCHOW, the efficient post- Vi^ master at Ashby, Grant county, Min- nesota, is also engaged in the jewelr}' busi- ness in that j>lace. He is a native of Nor- way, born in \'aral, on the ith day of Sep- tember, 1837, and is a son of E. C. and Guline (Johnson) Scliow, natives of that .same kingdom. The father of our subject immigrated to the United States in 1855 and settled in Waupnn, Wisconsin, where he died in LSSf). He was a farmer throiigli life. The mother came to this country in 1857 and died in 1861. They were the parents of thirteen children, four of whom are now living. Andrew and Christian were killed in the late Civil War. The names of the remainder are — Gilbert, ]\[rs. Olson, ilrs. Baulson and our subject. Mr. Schow, the sul)ject of this biograj)h- ical review, spent his school days in Christ- iania, iiaving gone there when he was four- teen yeais of age. While there he learned the w.itcliinakeFs trade. He then followed his trade for six years and in 1857 came to the United States, and after a vovage of ten weeks landed in Quebec, Canada. He then went to AVaupim, Wisconsin, where he re- mained until the time of his enlistment. In August, 1861, he enlisted in the Fifteenth Wisconsin Infantry and served until the time of his honorable discharge in October, 18()2. He entered as a private and was discharged as orderly sergeant. Mr. Schow served in the following battles — Island Number 10 and Union City, Tennessee. He was in many minor engagements and skirmishes, and was confined to the field hospital at Camp Ran- dall, Wisconsin, for some time with measles. After his discharge, he returned to Waupun, AVisconsin, where he remained a sliort time, and then went to Bochester, Alinnesota. In the year 1882 he closed out his business and removed to Grant county, Minnesota, settling at Ashby, wliere he has since re- mained. As soon as he settled there he opened a grocery and jewelry store, and lias since carrieil on those lines of trade. Mr. Schow was married in 1863, to Miss Mattie Olson, and this union has been blessed with the following named children — Charles E., Manton, Emma, AUred, Amanda and Nora. Charles is married and lives in Fer- gus Falls, Minnesota, engaged in the cloth- ing business. Our subject is a democrat in his political affiliations, and takes an active interest in all public matters. He, with his PARK REGIOXS OF .MINNESOTA. 1S7 family-, are devoted members of the Lutlieran chiu'cli. lie has held various offices in the township and village, including the follow- ing — councilman, ]iresident of the village council, village treasurer and postmaster of the village since Julv, 1888. ►^- John H. ALSTEAD, a iirominent busi- ^ ness man of Evansville, Douglas county, Minnesota, engaged in the real estate antl insurance business in tiiat place, is a native of Norway. He was born inKoraasin 1849, and is the son of Tver and Ingeborg (Ode- gaard) Alstead, natives of that kingdom. The father came to the United States in 1S5G, and is now living in Douglas county, Minnesota. John IT. Alstead remained in his native land until about nineteen years of age, when he came to the United States. Up to the age of fourteen years he attended school, and then secured a position as clerk, which he held until he left his native land. In 1869 he embarked in a steamer bound for the United States, and after a voyage of eleven days landed in Quebec, Canada. From there he went to Detroit, Michigan, then to Prairie du Chien. Wisconsin, and from there to lied Wing, Minnesota, by the Mississippi river. During the ne.xt fall he hired out to a farmer, and in the winter attended school, also clerking a few months for a Mr. Men son. Mr. Alstead then went to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he hired out as clerk to a manufacturing company'. Eeinaining in their employ until 1877, he went to Douglas county, Minnesota, and located at Evansville, and for six months was on a farm with his fathei'. He then established himself- in the j)unip business in Evansville, afterward adding fiour, farm ini|)lements, buggies, cutters, etc. In 1879 he opened the lirst real estate and insurance office in that place, in which business he has since been engaged. Mr. Alstead was united in marriage, in 1873, toMiss Anna C.Johnson, a native of Sweden. By this union two children have been born — Henry E. and Victor H. Mr. Alstead, with his family, belongs to the Lutheran church. lie is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and is an adherent to the principles of the demo- ci'atic party. He is a man highly honored and esteemed bv all who know him, and has held the offices of justice of the peace for six years and township clerk for four years. He is also notary public. /^HARLES C. KNAPPEN is the enter- vSV prising editor and proprietor of The Bulletin, of Fisher. He is the son of James G. and Elizabeth (Hulburt) Knappen, natives of New York. He was born in Columbia county, Wisconsin, February 15, ISfil, where he remained with his parents until he was seven years old, at which time they moved to Iowa, where they remained one year and a half, and then removed to Minnesota and settled in Albert Lea. Here Charles remained with his ]iarents about six years, when he com- menced learning the trade of printer with Woodard & Foss, editors of the Wells Ad- vocate. After remaining one year with them he went to Albert Lea for a short time, and then to Clear Lake, where he was engaged in the office of the Clear Lake. il//r;"o/". While in Albert Lea he, with Frank Pierce, issued his first paper, called The Will '0 the Wisp. After remaining in the Clear Lake Mirror office one year under instruction, he went to Lake Mills and ran a paper there for a period of six months, then returned to Albert Lea and ran the North Star a shoit time, after which he was engaged for six months in Minneapolis, with Johnson, Smith tV- Ilarri- 1 88 RKD RIVER VALLEY AND son, book publishers. He then went to Em- erson, Manitoba, and worked in the office of the DaUij International for some time, and in 18S1 went to the Rocky mountains as a correspondent for different papers. He was thus engaged for one year, and then, after visiting different j)laces for six months, he went to Fergus Fulls, working in the office of the Daily Telegraph six months ; from there he went to Chippewa Falls. Wisconsin, and was tliere and at Eau Claire engaged in newspaper work for one year and a lialf ; from there he went to Superior and i-an the Inter-Occan one and a half years, at wliicli time he came to Fisher, where he is now en- gaged in the same Imsiness. He has nuide the Bulletin a grand success, its circulation being now about 70U, which speaks well for the business (pialities of its enterprising and popular editor and proprietor. Mr. Knappen was married at Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, September 2d, 1880, to Miss Etta G. Butler, the daughter of Aaron and Adrien (Edwards) Butler, natives of Maine. The subject of this sketch affiliates with the republican party. ^^^ -.^^ I^ZRA G. VALENTINE, a leading and '"^"^ prominent attorney at law in Breck- eni'idge, Wilkin county, Minnesota, is a native of tiie State of New York. He was born on a farm near Attica, Wvomino- county, New York, on the 9th da\' of August, 1847, and is the son of Solomon and Maria (Goodell) A'alentine, natives of Wash- ington aiul Erie counties. New York, respect- ivel}'. The grandparents of our subject on his mother's side were John and Kuth Good- ell, natives of Erie county. New York, and were engaged in the pursuit of farming. They were excellent people, and devoted members of the Baptist church. The other grandparents of Mr. Valentine were Solo- mon and Mary Valentine, natives of Wash- ington county. New York. The father of the subject of this article was a practical mechanic by trade, and carried on tliis indus- ti'v in Ripon, Wisconsin, to whicli place he had removed in 18.57. He was engaged at I flie wagon makers and blacksmith's trades in that place, and remained there until his death, which occuritHl in September. 1870. The moti)er of Mr. Valentine is still living at i Ripon, Wisconsin. They had a family of i the following named children — Cliancy B., I attorney at law in Pai'ker, Dakota Territory ; j Professor William H. II.. of Chicago, Illi- nois, in Bryant A: Stratton's college; Annie, now Mrs. L. B. Everdell, her husband a law- yer of Brecken ridge, Minnesota; Josephine S., the wife of Mr. J. M. Beach, the State agent of W^isconsin for tlie Wheeler tt Wil- son Sewing Machine Company ; E/ra G., the subject of this memoir, and Ella M., who married Mr. King, a conductor on the I'ail- road, and a resident of Oshkosh, AVisconsin. The entire family consisted of fourteen chil- dren, five of whom died in infancy, and one at the age of five years. A seventh one died at the age of twelve yeai's. The rest grew to num and wonumliood, ar.d the above named are those now living. Mr. Valentine, of whom this sketch treats, was ])laced in tiie school-room at the early age of four 3'ears. He first attendetl the schools at Varysburg, near Attica, New York, and at the age of ten years removed witii his parents to Ripon, Wisconsin, where he attended the graded schools, and later entered Ripon College. He then attended Beloit College, in Wisconsin, and, after taking a tiioroiigh classical course, was graduated in 1869. After his graduation he was em- ])loyed in the State School of Wisconsin for the Deaf and Dumb, as teacher, for four years, and a portion of this time was in charo-e of the institution. Later he was PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. I89 engaged as instructor in tiie Indiana School for tiae Deaf and Dumb, located at Indian- apolis, and was connected with that school for three years. During the seven years he was employed in the two institutions he studied law, and the last year of teaching read under General Harrison, President of the United States. Leaving Indiiinaj)olis, lie removed to Chicago, Illinois, and entered the law office of Bonfield, Swezey & Smith, and was admitted to the bar in 1877. Dur- ing the same j'^ear he opened an office on his own account in Chicago, and remained tliere until December, 18S2, when he removed to Breckenridge, Minnesota, and entered into partnership with L. B. Everdell. This firm continued until May 1, 1884, when the partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Val- entine opened an office on his own ac- count. On the 1st of September, 1885, he, with F. E. Kenaston and J. A. Nelson, started a ■bank in Breckenridge, under the name of Wilkin County Bank. In June, 1888, he and others established the Barnesville State Bank, •of which institution he is now one of the direct- ors. Mr. Kenaston has charge of the Wil- kin County Bank, and J. A. Nelson is cashier of the Barnesville bank. Both of these gen- tlemen are noticed at length elsewhere in this Album. Mr. Valentine is the attorney for both of these banks, and has a large and increasing practice. He is an able and suc- cessful lawyer and a careful business man. He owns a good deal of landed pi-operty in Wilkin county, Minnesota, and also in Da- kota, and is vice-president of the Wah])eton Telephone Company, of which he isalsocor- jioration attorney. He also attends to a great deal of legal business for a number of corjiorations. He is the chairman of the permanent committee of fifteen, who were chosen at a convention held at Crookston, Minnesota, to devise a system of drainage for .the Red River Valley counties in Minnesota, including the counties of Marshall, Polk, Norman, Clay and Wilkin Our .subject was married on the 4th of June, 1879, at Chicago, Illinois, to Miss Ber- tha M. Alden, and their union has been blessed by the advent of three children — James Alden and Blanche M., both now living, and JMaude Jose])liine Valentine, who died in infancy. Mrs. Valentine was born at Wilmington, Illinois, and is a daughter of James F. Alden, formerly a merchant of Boston, Massachusetts, and afterward mana- ger of the credit dei)artment for A. T. Stew- art, the dry goods king of Chicago and New York City. In conclusion, it is but just to say that Mr. Valentine is one of the most prominent and substantial citizens of Breckenridge. He is the president of the village council, has also held the office of school clerk for a number of years and filled various other local posi- tions. Every enterprise calculated to benefit his town or county has always received his heiirty support and cooperation, and no man has been more pr(jminently identified with the growth and (levelopment of Breck- enridge than has he. -— <^- -«►► >HtON. IRA B. MILLS, judge of the J!?t!L Fourteenth judicial district, embrac- ing Becker, Clay, Norman, Polk, Marshall, Kittson and Beltrami counties, is a native of Orange county, New York, born January 14, 1851. His parents were William and Julia (Houston) Mills, who were natives of Scotch- town, Orange county, New York. William's father was Samuel, who married Esther Still, and they were both born in Orange county. Julia Houston's father was John G., and her mother Susan fBronson) Hous- ton, of the same county in New York above named. The father was a thrifty farmer, and he served in the War of 1812. These I go RED Kn'KR VALLEY AND families wei'e all possessed of good fortunes, and stood among tiie best of New York families. William Jlills had a lainily of tiiree cliil- dren, two of whom arc now living — Judge Ira 13. and his sister, Susan E. Tiie father and his wife went to retersburgii, Virginia, and settled, living retired until his death. Our subject, Ira B., was reared on his parents' farm, until he was fourteen years of aire. He was a graduate of Walikill Acad- emy, Orange county, New York, in 1867. After leaving the school-room he clerked in a large grocery and feed store for a jieriod of one year, after which he studied law with A. V. is'. Powelson. Later on he attended the Albany law school, and was admitted to the bar in May, 1872. He practiced in Port Jarvis, Orange county. New York, until 1881, when lie saw broader and more promis- ing fields in tiie gnjwing AVest, and came to Minneapolis. ^Minnesota, where he lived six months, ami in ISSi' removed to Moorhead. Here he practiced law with much success until ISSC, when the ])eople of his district elected him to the office of district judge, wiiich place he still holds to the greatest satisfaction of all. Previous to his election he was a law i>artner of the firm of liurn- ham, Mills cfe Tillotson. In the East he had served as city attorney for two years, and otiierwise taken a prominent part in ])ublic affairs. He was married September 17, 1874, to Miss Isadore I>ackus, of Ashford, Connecti- cut, the daughter of S. S. Backus. Mr. and Mrs. Mills have one son — Ernest B. Politicall}', our worthy subject is a repub- lican, yet it may lie said tliat lie lias made law his tlieme, more than jiolities, hence his success in his ciiosen ]m)fession. He belongs to tlie order of Odd Fellows and also tiie Knights (if Pytliias. In the legal jirofession no man in all the great Northwest stands higher than Judge Mills. JOHN PETERSON LEE, one of tlie prom- inent and respected members of the farming community of Grant county, Min- nesota, is the subject of this biogi-ai)liical sketch, a resident of section 7, Sanford . townshi]). wiiere he is engaged in a general farming and stock-raising business. He is a native of Norway, born in the year 1836, and is a son of Peter Ilermanson and Sarah (Leej Ilermanson, natives also of Norway'. The parents emigrated to the United States at an early day and settled in Dane county, Wisconsin. They were farmers and tlie parents of the following named cliildren — Herman, Nels, Isabelleand John. John Petei'son Lee, the subject of this sketcli. spent hisscliool days in Dane county,' Wisconsin, where he had settled in infaTicy. He left scliool at the age of eighteen years. After leaving school he worked at general fai-ming in Wisconsin mid ^linm-sota until he enlisted. Special mention should here be matle of tlie war record of the jiresent sul)- ject. He enlisted at Goodhue county. ^lin- nesota, in IStW, in tlie Tenth Minnesota In- fantry, Company D, under Captain Phelps, and was with General Sibley's expedition, which started out from Fort Snelling. going up the Minnesota river, then to Devil's Lake along tlie Missouri river and i)ack to St. Paul. He then went to New York City, and in 1863 enlisted in the navy and served one year. After his ilischarge he returned to Wisconsin, and remained there about one 3'ear. He next went to Goodhue county, Minnesota, where he spent another yeai'. Then he came to Stillwater, where lie was employed for two years in rafting on the Mississippi river. He then went to Minneap- olis, Minnesota, where hi' remained one year, working in a lumber yartl. He then I'e- iiioved to Alexandria, Douglas county, Minnesota, where he was married and re- mained one year. Then he settled on his present farm in Sanford townsliip. Grant. PARK REGIOXS OF MINNESOTA. igl count3', Minnesota. He was the first set- tler of his township, and did the first break- ing- of the prairie soil. For si.x niontlis he was teaming between St. Cloud and Ft. Abercrorabie, and then settled at farming, at which he has been en- gaged ever since. He is one of the jiromi- nent farmers of the town and connty, highly esteemed by all who bear his acquaintance. Mr. Lee was united in marriage in Octo- ber, 1S6S, to Miss Bergitha M. Holnig, a na- tive of Norwa\' and now the mother of one child — Sophia. Mr. Lee, with his family, belongs to the Lutheran chui'ch, and is one of the most favorably known families in the township. Mr. Peterson Lee is a republican in his polit- ical affiliations, and takes an active j)art in all |)ul)lic and local affairs. v-^^ -«« WILLIAM S. MOLES is a leading real estate dealer in Alexandria, Doug- las county, Minnesota. His careful, honor- able and energetic business qualities have earned for him an excellent reputation in the place where he resides. He was born in Cumberland, in the north of Englard, in the year LS34r, and his ]iai'ents were John and Elizabeth (Stephenson) Moles, his father being a native of Dumfries, Scot- hmd, and his mother being born in Cumber- land, Englantl. His father was an expert machinist, and was foreman of a large manu- factor}' in England for a number of \'ears. Li the year 1837 the family left old England to seek homes in the United States. After a very tempestuous voyage of thirteen weeks on the Atlantic, they reached Mobile, Ala- l)ama, where they resided for one year. They then removed to the State of Hlinois, locating in Peoria count}', some twenty-five miles west of Peoria city, where the father built the first grist mill that was erected in that part of the country. After carrying on the milling business and farming for some four years the father sold out and removed to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, whence he returned to Peoria, Illinois, in 1845. He died at the latter place in 1847. The mother died in Marshall county, Illinois, in 1872. They had a family of six children, three of whom died in infancy ; those living are William S.; Elizabeth, now Mrs. Herder, of Fergus Falls, Minnesota, and Samuel T. Moles, of Duluth, Minnesota. The subject of our sketch was raised on a farm, receiving but a, limited school educa- tion, lie has, however, su|)plemented that by careful and systematic study in later years, and is well read on all general sui)jects. At the age of sixteen years he liecame a clerk in what is kin)wn as a general store, where he remained till he was twenty-two years old. after whicli he opened a mercan- tile business for himself in Marshall county, Illinois, continuing the business until 1860. He sold out and engaged in the real estate ami insurance business, wherein he was very successful until 1870, at which time he sold out the business and good-will thereof. In 1872 he removetl to Alexandria, Doug- las county, Minnesota, where he took the position of book-keeper and general business manager forthe Hon. William E. Hicks, now deceased, who was the owner of a laro-e amount of real estate, including the Alexan- dria town site, Alexandria steam mills and other valuable business jn-opertv. In 1856 Mr. Moles was married to Miss Margaret J. Kunnells, who was born in Dear- born county, Indiana. They have three children living — John K., Samuel D. and William H., the first two named being at present engaged in the mercantile business in Alexandria, under the firm name of Moles Bros. In 1871 the mother died. In 1873 Mr. Moles was again married, to Miss Martha Snetting, of Alexandria, the issue of this 192 RED RIVER VALLE Y AND marriage being two chiUli-en, living — Martha E. and Edward S., tlie latter being now at the age of ten years. Mr. Moles has always taken an active l)art and keen interest in the upbuilding of the town and count}' in which he lives, and to his untiring energy and well directed efforts, in connection with otlier intelligent men of the same class, Alexandria and Douglas count}" is taking the front rank as one of the most desirable and justly favored spots for I'esidence in all i[innesota's Park Region. Mr. J\[oles controls a large amount of choice property in Alexandria and vicin- ity. He and Mrs. Hicks (^widow of the late Hon. AV. E. Hicks) ai-e owners of a large amount of very choice timber farming lands, choice lakeside i)roj>erty and town lots in Alexandria and vicinity, which they offer at such prices anil on such terms to purchasers and home seekers as can not fail to attract universal attention of all who ilesire to chano'e their residence or make handsome returns on safe investments. •«--fS^"» JTOHN S. KOTSCHEVAR, of the firm of ^ M. Kotsclievar ct Son. general mer- chants in Brandon, is one of the leading busi- ness men of tiie ])lace, being also engaged in the agricultui'al implement business and in buying wheat for O. N. Ostrom. of Min- neapolis. Mr. Kotsclievar was born in Aus- tria, on the lUth of January, lSfi2, and is a son of Matliias Kotschevar. John S. came to the United States with his mother and one brother in 1869. After lauding at Cas- tle Garden. New York, they came to Stearns county. Minnesota, aiid lived for one year at St. Martin. They then settled at Elizabeth- town, in Otter Tail count}', where they re- mained for two years. iEillerville, in Doug- las county, was their next place of residence. John S. Kotschevar received his education principally in Douglas county, but finished his schooling with a course at St. John's Col- lege, in Stearns county, leaving that institu- tion in 1886. On the 2d of Kovember, 1887, he, wit!) his father, established their general store at Brandon, and John S. has since made that place his home. M. Kotsch- evar also has a general store at Millerville, and also deals extensively in stock. The firm carries on a heavy business, and are rated among the most substantial business iirms in Douglas county. John S. Kotschevar was married on the ISth of October, 1887, to Miss Anna Movern. She wasl)()rn at Cold Springs, Stearns county, Minnesota, but was reareil and educated at Milleiwille, Douglas county. Our subject is independent of party lines in his political action. He has always taken an active and prominent part in public and political affairs, and in 1886 was the candi- date for sheriff of Douglas county on the people's ticket, but was defeated by a small majority, as the county is overwhelmingly republican. He is the present village re- coi'der of Brandon, and is one of the leading citizens of the place. The family are exem- plary members of the Catliolic church. -.^^-- ^'"■^^HRISTIAN P. STAVE, a prominent and respected citizen of Otter Tail county. Minnesota, is engaged in the general mer- chandising business in the village of Aastad. He is a native of Norway, born on the .".rd day of March, 18-18, and is the son of Paul and Gurena C. (Vigvskoen) Stave, natives also of the kingdom of Norway. The mother died when the subject of this sketch was three years of age, and the father passed away in 1883. He was a farmer through life, and died at his home in Norway. They are the parents of the following named children — Torkel, Andreas, Pauleua, Serena, PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 193 Cliristian and John. John, Paulena and our subject are the only cliildren who are in America. Christian P. Stave, of whom tliis article treats, received iiis earlier education in tlie land of ills birth, but also attended school considerable after coming to the United States. At the age of fifteen years he left sciiool and remained at home, helping on the home farm. At the age of twenty -two years he emigrated to the United States, and in the 3'ear 1870 landed at Quebec, Canada. From the port of landing he removed to within about twentj' miles of LaCrosse, Wis- consin, where he remained for one month. At the expiration of that time he moved to Goodhue county, Minnesota, and after a six years' sojourn in that locality went to Ot- ter Tail county, Minnesota. While in Good- hue county he was engaged extensively in a general farming and stock business. After coming to Otter Tail county, he settled on section 12, Aastad townshij), where he fol- lowed agricultural pursuits until 1882. His Ijeautiful farm comjirised 120 acres of well im])roved land, and was one of the most de- sirable tracts in the township. In 1882 Mr. Stave opened a general store in Parkdale, Otter Tail count}', and continued in the busi- ness for two years. In ISSi he removed from Parkdale and settled at Aastad, where he opened a general merchandise store, and has since been enoaged in that business. He carries a full line of goods and is one of the most prominent and successful citizens in the cuunty. Mr. Stave was mari'ied in 1884 to Miss Carrie Knutson, a native of Norway, who emigrated to the United States in 1867. Mr. and Mrs. Stave are the parents of the following children — Gurena, Clara P., Ida C, Carete M., Ingebor, deceased, and Pasvig, who died at the age of four months. While our subject was in Parkdale he was post- master. He has always taken a i)i'orainent part in jjublic affairs and has held a great niany local offices, such as justice of the peace, chairman of the board of supervisoi's, school clerk, etc. He is one of the repre- sentative men of his town and county, highly esteemed and respected by all. He is a man of the utmost honor and integrity', and his word is recognized as being as good as a bond. -.«" ««►► lNDREW l.UND, a prominent and suc- cessful merchant of the village of Norcross, Grant county, Minnesota, is a na- tive of Norway. He was born in Bergen Stiff, on the 1st of January, 185-4, and is the son of Andrew and Anna (Olson) Taralact, natives also of the kingdom of Norway. The father and mother of our subject are still residing in their native land, and are en- ffaffed in the vocation of farmino'. Thev ai'e the parents of the following named chil- dren — Gunilda, Anna, Ole, Peter, Breta, Andrew, Martin, Lena and Pagnilde. Andrew Lund attended the excellent com- mon schools of his native land from eight years of age until he was sixteen, at which period in life he began an apprenticeship to the carpenter's trade. After learning his trade he followed the same in the Old World until 1874. In 1874 he emigrated to the United States, and, after landing, went to Minneapolis, Minnesota. He followed his trade in that city for seven years, and, at the expiration of that time, removed to Nor- cross, Grant county, Minnesota. In ISSl he opened up his present business of general merchandising, and has continued to operate the same with increasing success. In addi- tion to his store, he holds a quarter interest in a general store in the village of Wheaton, Traverse county, Minnesota, and owns a fine farm in Logan township. Grant county, Min- nesota. In 1884 Mr. Lund was elected to 194 RED RIVER VALLE V AND the office of postmaster, and he has since held the position witli credit to iiiniself and tlie parties who selected iiini. Mr. I.nnd was united in marriage on the 16tii day (.1' Ain-il, 1882, to Miss Malena Everson. wlio was born in Norway on the 2 2d of February, ISCO. Tiieir marriage lias 1)een blessed witli tiie following children — Anna, Alfred, Iver and Ellen. The family are exemplary members of the Norwegian Lutheran church. Mr. Lund is a representa- tive man of his town and county, always taking an active interest in all public and educational matters. He has held the offices of school treasurer of district No. 31, town treasurer, etc. He is a i-epublican in his political affiliations, and is a man of the best business qualifications. He is highly esteemed bv all wiio know him as a man of the strictest honor and integrity, and his word is recognized as being as good as a bonil. -^- -^^ ^^t^ C. LIGHTBOURN, theeditor and pro- prietor of the Norman Couufy Jnde.c, the leading journal of the county, and an important factor in the growth aiul develoji- ment of the village of Ada, Minnesota, was born in 8t. Paul, Minnesota, January 30, 1858, and is the son of Edward S. and Susan H. (Murray) Lightbourn. His father is a native of the Bermuda Islands, and of English ancestry, while his mother is a descendant of the Norman family, who settled in Carolina at an early day. The maternal grandfather of our subject, U. C. Murray, settled at St. Paul in its infancy, being one of its pioneer citizens. The father and mother of the subject <;if this memoir were married in New Orleans, and settled in St. Paul in 1857, where he was born. Receiving his education in the schools of that city, Mr. Lightbourn, at the age of eleven vears, having a natural bent toward the newspaper business, commenced work in the office of the St. Paul Pioneer, working mornings and evenings, going to school in the interval. He was advanced from one post in the office to another, and at the age of seventeen began in earnest his apprentice ship to the "art jn'eservativeof all arts," and finished his trade in that office. Four suc- ceeding years he spent as journeyman printei' in the employ of the daily papers of St. Paul, but in 1881 removeil to Winnipeg, Manitoba, and there remainetl for ai)out eighteen months, following his trade. From there he went to Grand Forks, where he was the genei'al manager of the daily J'hu'n- dealer for about si.\ months. Having a natural desire to have a paper of his own, he looked around for a suitable locality, and in the spring of 1883, in company with C. AV. Foote, came to Ada and pui'cluised the Alert, a paper established by Fi'ed Puhler, in 1880, and ciianging its name to that of the Norman Counti/ ImJew, entered upon its management. Three years later, in 1880, Mr. Lightbourn puicliased the interest of his co-partner, and since that time has had sole control of the business. He has made the journal over which he presides the most active and prominent supporter of repub- lican principles in this section of country, and is himself an energetic worker in the interests of that Jiarty, both with pen and tongue. He wields a trenchant jien, which, while shar]) ami keen, is \'et temj)ered witiia courtesy that never fails to win the admira- tion of even his opponents. His writings are sharp and clear, and show him to be a man of keen conceptions, and a stanch an«l strong friend or foe. The jjaper thus ably edited is highly popular and is the largest and best circulated in the northwestei'n part of the State, and has a record of which ]\fr. Lightbourn can well feel proud. In his }K)litical views, as has been said. Mr. Lightbourn affiliates with the republican PARK REGiONS OF MINNESOTA. 195 ])arty, and lias lieen an active and ])rnininont member of many of thecounty and State con- ventions of that organization, and his voice and vote have always been in supjiort of the purest measures and tlie best men. Tlie interests of tiie principles crystallized in the platforms of his party are his creed, and of tiie.se lie is a most ardent advocate, both fi'om the editorial tripod and the rostrum. In iiis ]irivate life he is a most social and "genial companion, and enjoys in tiie highest (lejjiee the esteem and reg-ard of tiie wliole community. Mr. Lightbourn was united in marriasie September 27, 1SS7, with Miss Emily Gins- ])erg, of Ada, but formerly of Mantorville, Dodge county, this State. -«--S^^-4- /pCHARLES H. SHALER was born in \^=S^ Kalamazoo county, Michigan, Sep- temlier 15, 1840, a son of Thomas and Adelia (Burdeck) Shaler, natives of Con- necticut and New York, respectively. The father was born March 20, 181-1, the mother March 20, 1822; went with their parents to IMiciiigan, where they were married. The father engaged in farming until the spring of 1850, when he went overland to Cali- fornia, and engaged in farming just below Sacramento City, on the banks of the Sacramento. He sent for his family, wliom lie iiad left behind in Michigan in IS.")!*. Tlie iiKJtlier died in Sacramento City, tiie father still lives there. Their children W(!re iMary T., deceased, Almeda, and Charles 11. , sub- ject of this sketch. The father took an active interest in jniblic affairs, was formerly a whig, and voted for "William Henry Harrison in 18'10; has been a stanch repub- lican since its organization, and voted for iJenjamin Harrison in 1888. Our subject went with tlie family to California, besides iiclpingon the farm; sjient one suiiiiiicr, 1860, in the mines of Nevada, then Utah Terri- tory. He enlisted in Company M, First California Cavalry, March 14, 1863, at Sacramento City; went with his company to Arizona Territory and New Mexico, where .they were engaged in scouting dut^-; par- ticipated in an engagement against the Kiawas and Camoncha Indians on the Canadian river, Indian Territory, November 24, 1864, Kit Carson commanding. He received an honorable discharge Mai'ch 15, 1866, at Fort Selden, New Mexico; went to Green Lake county, Wisconsin, and in the spring of 1868 settled in Blue Earth county, Minnesota. He came to Todd county in the fall of 1888. His home is in section 24, Stone Prairie township. He is a republican in ]^olitics, a membei- of Mankato Lodge, No. 15, 1. O. O. F., and of Alexander Wilken Post, G. A. P., at Mankato, Minnesota. Our subject was married December 8, 1868, to Julia J. French, born in Columbia county, Wisconsin, July 30, 1848. Their children are Myila F., born September 10, 1869; Bertha F.', born August 2, 1871; Charles L., born August 12, 1874, died September 21, 1878; Koy H., born February 17, 1877; Willie IL, born July 5, 1879, died Mai-ch, 1880; Gaylord T., born June 23, 1885, and Bernice A., born June 3. 1888. PETER E. THOMPSON. The subject of this biographical memoir is one of the prominent and esteemed menibers of the business fraternity of Clay county, Minne- sota, being engaged in carrying on a general merchandising business in the village of Barnesville. He is a native of Wisconsin, born in Dane county, on the 16th day of November, 1852, and is tiie son of Ingrebret and Mary (Ilaugen) Thompson, natives of Norway. Mr. Thompson, the subject of this article. Ig6 KED RIVER VALLEY AND spent liis early cliildliood in liis native State, ilis lather (lied in Dane county, "Wisconsin. In 1864 he removed witli tlie family to (Tood- hue county, ifinnesola, and remained there five years, attending school. At the expira- tion of that time he commenced in life for himself and removed to Northfieid, Minne- sota, where he secured a clerkship in a store. He remained in that place engaged in clerk- ing for two years and a half. He then moved, with his mother and brothers, to Otter Tail county, Minnesota. They made the journe\' overland, and after a long, tedious trip, they arrived at their destina- tion — Pelican Kapids. They were among the very first who settled in that locality, and they took a tract of land about two miles from the village. Times were hard and circimistances seemed coupled togetiier to oppress them. Their nearest market was at Alexandria, seventy-live miles distant, and the trip had to lie made overland. The sulj- ject of this sketch remained there two years, and then removed into the village of Pelican Rapids, where he secured a clerkship in the store of Mr. Plyberg, and i-emained with him about two years. He rented the farm and in 1875 went into the employ of G. S. Barnes (after whom Barnesville is named), and remained with him until the fall of 1S80, at Barnesville, Clay county, Minnesota. In the fall of 1877, when the branch known as the '"cut-off" was built between Barnesville and Moorhead, Mr. Thompson located at Barnesville, as nianager for G. S. Barnes, and later built a store and engaged in the general merchandising ijusiness for himself, which ho has since followed. At the time Mr. Thomjjson pui-chased the stock of goods from Ml'. Keene, the new town was organized and Mr. Thompson removed his store building and stock to the latter place. In 1884, he again removed to the last incorporated Barnesville, where he has since i-esided. In 1878 he filed on two Government lots, com- prising seventy-two acres, and the new town site includes his land, which is now platted into city lots. ilr. Thompson was mari-ied in 1879 to Miss II. C Olson, of Evansville, Grant county, and they are the parents of three children — George E., Alma M. and Julian S. Mr. Thompson is an active and prominent busi- ness man of liis county, and one who bears the respect of all. He has held the office of justice of the peace and postmaster foi' eight years, and is a I'cpresentative man of the Red River Valley. He was elected county commissioner in 1886, and re-elected in 1888 He is a prominent member of the I. O. O. F., and an adherent to the principles of the' repuiilican party. /^HRISTIAN MADSON. The subject of ^^y this biographical memoir is aresidentof East (irrand Forks, Polk county, j\[innesota, where he is engaged in the genei-al mei-chaii- DO O dising business. He is a nativeof Denmark, born in Orenholt on the 11th day of October, 1841), and is the son of Mads and Anna Elsie Maria Jensen, also natives of Denmark. Mr. ]\radson. of whom this sketch treats, remained in the excellent common schools of his native land until he was fifteen years of age. He then engaged in the weaver's trade, and followed that industry in Denmark un- til h(^ was fifteen years old. He then operated a store on his own account and continued in the merchant's business for tlii'ee or four years. At the age of twenty, in 1870, he emigrated to the United States and at once went to, and settled at St. Paul, IVlinnesota. He secured work with a gardener who lived near St. Paul, and remained with him until the following July. He then secured work in the harvest field, and worked that season at harvesting and stacking, and in the fall found Work' on a gravel train and continued PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 197 in tliat work until tlie following' spring. He then went to L)\v;i, where lie worked at rail- I'oading until harvest. Again he went into the lield and worked for various farmers un- til winter set in. During that winter he drove a carriage for Judge Underwood,' of St. Paul, Minnesota. In the spring he re- turned to railroading and in the fall worked in the harvest field and the next winter re- sumed his place with the judge. In the spring of 1874 he went to Minneapolis, Min- nesota, and worked in the woolen mills for one year. At the expiration of that time, he secured a position with Tom King similar to theone he held with tlie judge. In Sep- tember, ISTt), he went into the grocery busi- ness, in pai'tnersliip with P. II. Johnson. The firm name stood Madson & Johnson, and for the first year they rented rooms, but in ISTT erected a substantial buililing. They also erected another building, now used as a drug store. In August, 18S1, Mr. Madson sold his stock of groceries to ^Ir. Hink and until the following spring led a retired life. Ill the spring of 1S82 he settled at East Grand Forks, Minnesota, where he built the first busi- ness building in the city, and engaged in the grocery trade. He has since remainetl there, engaged in the same business. He carries a complete and first-class line of goods and is doing a successful business. On the 1st day of May, 1888, Mr. Madson took as a jiartner in the lousiness. P. A. Ilotvedt, and they have since continued the business in ])artnersliip. Mr. Madson was married April IT, 18T8, to ^[iss Lottie Johnson, daughtei- of Swan Johnson, a resident of Minneapolis. Mr. and Mrs. Madson are the parents of the following named children — Albert C, Mails E., Henry C, Anna E. and Lotta M. Mr. l[adson is one of the prominent citizens of East Grand Forks and has held the otHces of townshi]i treasurer for four years, and city treasurer ever since its organization. While in Minneapolis he was one of the organizers of the Danie Societ}', a Danish benefit organ- ization. They have one of the finest halls in the city of Minneajiolis and the order is very popular among the Danish people. «^- •HARLES S. SPENDLEY, city justice of Crookston, and a leading citizen of that place, is one of the pioneers of Minnesota, having come to the North Star State in 1856. He is a native of Binghamton, Broome county, JSTew York, and the son of AVilliam and Susan (Anderson) Spendley. While still a small boy he was bereft by death of his father, and his wid(jwed mother gave him the advantages of an excellent edu- cation at what was then known as John J. Millan's academy, a private educational in- stitution of that pai-t of the Empire State. After attending at that establishment some three years, the subject of this sketch, at the age of sixteen years, engaged in the hotel business with two elder brothers, and remained with them some nine years. This was followed by a few years of farming in that locality, but in 1856, having about made up his mind to seek a new home in the West, one day came across a paper published at St. Paul, Minnesota, wherein were set forth in glowing colors all the advantages accruing to settlers in the neighboi'hood of that incip- ient city, and determined to proceed thither. On the -Ith of Se])tember he left his home and started on his long journey. On arriv- ing at Buffalo, New York, he found a captain of one of the lake craft, who agreed to land him and several others in Chicago, Illinois, in four days, for eight dollars each. Board- ing the vessel, after a rough and stormy pas- sage, in nine days' time he was enabled to step ashore at his point of destination. From that city he procectled by rail to Dunlieth, now East Dul)uque, which was as far as the iron horse tlicn went, and crossing the mighty 1 98 RED KIVEK VALLEY AND Mississippi to Duljiiqiie. tlierotookpassapoon theohi steaiucr, '• (ialeiia,"" iiftci'ward liiiineil at Red Wing. While oti tiie voyago up the pictm-es(pie river he becainoacniuainted with a gentleman from Red Wing, who spoke to him about the superior advantages that tiie country back of tluit village offered to new- comers. Deciding to see for himself, he left the boat at Red Wing and went to thenortii branch of the Zumbro river and took up a claim about a mile from the present site of the village of Zumbrota. Engaging in agri- cultural pursuits, he made his home there until 1864. When tlie Civil War broke out in 1861, Mr. Spendley offered his services in the defense of his native land, but was rejected at tiie time. In 1864, he, however, enlisted in Compau}^ E, P^irst Minnesota Heavy Ar- tillery, in which regiment he served until October, 1865, when he received his dis- charge and returned to his home. The fol- lowing year he went back to the Empire State, where he remained some four years, at the end of which he returned to this State. May 1, 1872, tiie subject of tiiis memoii- started bv train for Mooriiead, from St. Paul. At that time the road was new and in l)Ut indifferent condition, so much .so that trains could not be run at niglit. The first day's journey ended at Minnesota Junction, it snowing almost all day. The next day they found much snow on the track between that place and Ri-ainerd, which they reached at nightfall. On the morning of tiie 3rd the train left the latter place, and on the way passengers often were comjielled to get out of the coaclies and hold them up, so that they iiiiglit not tip over. Airiving within si.\ miles of Mooriiead, while waiting until the track was made ready for the train, ^NIi'. Spendley observed that there was no snow, and that the ])rairies were clothed in emerald green and dotted over with early tlowers. Beiii": informed bv a brother-in-law of Governor Austin that tiie Manitoba railroad would be built that year, and that a town would be laid out at the ci'ossing of the river, he started the ne.xt day by way of Grand Forks, to find where the survey striulc Ued Lake river, and mi reaching that point found several settlers who had staked out claims — an examjile which he fol- lowed. Thecountry had been surveyed into towns, hut the section lines had not been run, so that he soon found that his claim was one of the odd numbered sections belonyino; to the railroad companv. and two years later removed to within two and a half miles of the jiresent site of Crookston, where he took another claim and owns the farm which he made out of it. On the organization of the county, which then embraced, besides its present territory, all of Norman and the south tier of town- ships of Marsliall county, Wv. Spendley was chosen judge of the probate court and one of the judges of the first election. Only 117 votes were cast at that time in the county, and every one was for our subject for the office mentioned. This office he retained some two years. During the hard times of 1874 he went to Becker county, and was em])loyed on the large farm of the Minnesota Land Company for two months, and went from there to Grand Forks. In the latter place and on the river he was em])loyed until fall. While there he was induced by his friends to run as an independent candidate for register of deeds, and, although absent from the county dur- ing the entire canvass, was elected witli a large majority. .lanuary 1, 1S7.">, he took charge of the office and filled it most satis- factoi'ilv for ten consecutive vears. Durin"; the same time he was deputy clerk of court one year, and town clerk the same length of time. His health ])eiiig somewhat impaired by close application to business, from Janu- ary, 1885. to the spring of 1887, he was not PAKK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. '99 ongagecl in any active eiii]iloynient, except su])ervising the work of his farm. At the date hist mentioned, lie was elected to tiie office of city justice, a position \\liich he graces at tlje present time (ISSSj. By his energy, tact, industry and economy, Mr. S])endley has succeeded in accumulating a fair share of this world's yooils, huvin"', be- sides his beautiful farm, a handsome resi- dence in Crookston, and several hundred acres of other land. He is a j^rominent member of Cobham Post, No. 90, G. A. E. ; of Crookston Lodge, jS^o. 191, A. F. & A.M. ; and of Pierson Chapter, No. 4, K. A. M. Mr. Spendley was united in marriage, February 17, 1883, with Miss Elsie H. JNew- ton. Thev have one daughter, Marv Rnth. -«- ^vjLLlVER WILLIAMS, a prominent and successful farmer antl stock-raiser, who resides on section 22, Pomme de Terre township, is one of the most higiily respected old settlers in Grant county, Minnesota. His ])arents, who were Jacob and Lydia (Grinnell) Williams, were natives of Penn- sylvania, where they were among the early settlers. The father died there in about 1850, while the mother died aijout ten years later. They were the parents of nine children — Olliver. Sarah, Laura, Olive, Harriet, Lydia, Agnes, Joseph and Victoria. Olliver Williams, who is the subject of this article, was born in Mercer county, Pennsyl- vania, on the 12th of Februai-y, 1830. Owing to the adverse circumstances of his parents, he was favored with but little in the way of educational advantages, so that all the educa- tion he secured was through his own exertions, and at odd times. When he was about fif- teen years okl he began working out, and (luring the first winter he worked in the pineries. The next was i)ut in at work on a farm in Ohio. He then shifted about a jrood deal, and engaged in coal mining, which he followed in Pennsj'lvania and Illinois for about thirty years. He was one of the earli- est settlers in Pock Island. Illinois, havino- located there in 1818. He continued to fol- low the business of a coal miner until 18C9, when he came to Grant county, Minnesota, where he has since lived. He took a home- stead on sections 22 and 23, Pomme de Teri'e township, which he impi'oved, and now has a well cultivated and valuable farm. The country was very new at that time and they were among the earliest settlers in the northern part of Grant county. j\[r. AVilliains has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Isabelle Towner, who was a native of Kentucky. This mai'riage was blessed with seven children, onl}^ two of whom are now living — Olliver and Celena. \\\ 1869 Mr. Williams was again married, his present wife being formerly Miss Mary Butler. Mrs. Williams was born in Pennsylvania. When she was only three days old her mother died, and owing to the hard times and cir- cumstances of her people she was early thrown upon her own resources and industry. She went to Pittsburgh when eighteen years of age and lived there for ten years, then went to Ohio. A year later she went to Ileniw county, Illinois, where she met and married Mr. Williams. Mr. Williams is a gentleman of sterling worth and integrity, and both he and his wife are held in the highest esteem by all who know them. --*•- ^^> ALPHEUS WELLS, of the firm of Wells Brothers, engaged in the gen- eral merchandise business, in Herman, Grant county, Minnesota, is a native of Canada. He was born in Upper (Canada, at L'Orig- nal, on the 12th of August, 1839, and is the KED KIVER VALLEY AND son of Abel and Hannah fCassl "Wells, na- tives of New Voile and Canada, respect- ively. The father of our subject died in 1870. at Jordan. Minnesota, wiiere he had resided tliree years. lie was engaged in farming, and in his eai'liei' life was devoted to tlie mercantile business. The inotiier of the present subject is living in ]\lorris, Ste- vens couutv, Minnesota, at the advanced age of eighty years. They are the parents of the following named children — Josejiii P., Polly, Ann, Rufns, A. W., Azelia, A. ar.d II. II. Joseph was killed at the battle of Yicks- biirg, and was in the Fourteenth Wisconsin Infantry, Company C. Azelia died at Mor- ris, May 10, 1873, and was the wife of Mr. Wolff, who was engaged in the general mer- chandise business. She was a sympathizer with the Methodist church, and an excellent lady, highly estemeed by all who knew her. Mr. Wells, the subject of this article, spent his younger days in Canada and attended the public schools of tliat land until he had readied the age of sixteen years. Until he had reached the age of twenty years, he was engaged in farming in Canada, and at the age of twenty j'earshe removed to Minnesota, settling at Jordan, where he remained eight years, engaged in the milling business with his brother Itufus. At the ex])ii"ation of the time mentioned he removed to Grant county, ]\Iinnesota, by way of Morris, Min- nesota, where he stopped one month. He settled in Herman in 1878, and bought out Mr. Stone, who was engaged in the mercan- tile business. He was assistant cashier in the bank in Herman for two years. He is now one of the stockholders of the bank, and holds an interest in the Stevens County Bank at Morris; also in a store at AVheaton, Min- nesota. He was married in April, ISSO, to Miss Lotta Davidson, the daughter of John David- son, and they are the parents of three chil- dren — Edith, Arthur aiul Stella. He is are- publican in politics and takes an active inter- est in all local affairs. lie has been the presi- dent of the village council, and is one of the most prominent and highly esteemed citizens of (Trant county. He has been chairman of the village board, and held various local offices. He is a memljer of the ]\Iasonic fra- ternitv, and is a man of the strictest honor and integrity. ^^.^ EORGE L. FRY is a resident of the ^>2^ vdlage of Osakis. Douglas county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in the gen- eral merchandise trade, handling all kinds of boots, shoes, dry goods, groceries, etc. He is a native of Indiana, born in Bartholomew county, on the 14th of Xovendjer, 1851, and is the son of Peter and Alartha (Snow) Fry, natives of North Carolina. The father and mother of our subject were united in mar- riage in Indiana, and. after marriage, settled down in that State, which they made their home for the most part of the remainder of their lives. The father died in Arkansas. He was a miller by trade, but, during the latter part of his life, he followed the mer- chant's business and farming. They u^ere the parents of the following named children — Pleates, Emma, Tina, Lenora, George, Her- man and Charles. George L. Fry, the subject of this bio- graphical sketch, received his education in the village of Hope, Indiana, and at the age of seventeen years left the school-room and removed to Minnesota. He settled at the village of Osakis, Douglas county, where he engaged in the carpenter's trade, at which he worked until 1883. In 1877 he went to the Black Hills, Dakota Territory, whei-e he remained some time, directing the erection of some government buildings in that region. He is one of the eai'liest settlers in Douglas countv, having located there in 1868. At PARK REGIONS OF MINXESOTA. that time tliere were only six or seven set- tlers in the county, among whom were Messrs. Johnson, Adley and Stone. In 1883 Mr. Fry engaged in his ])resent business, general merchandising, which he has since followed. He carries one of the heaviest stocks in the village, and is doing a success- ful and increasing business. . Mr. Fry was united in marriage on the 25tli of January, 1875, to Miss Innie McAlip, a native of Bartholomew county, Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Fry have been blessed with the following named children ^ Claud, Le- verne, Myrthe, Ray, Cole and Violet. Mr. Fry is a republican in politics, and is a highly respected citizen of Osakis village. He has held the office of school clerk since ISSG, and is actively interested in all local matters. Liberal and enterprising, every enterprise calculated to aid in the growth and develop- ment of his locality receives his hearty aid and encouragement. He was interested lai'gely in the firm which negotiated the establishment of a creamer}' at Osakis. The creamery has a capacity of from three to four thousand pounds of butter })er daj', and is one of the most beneficial and impor- tant industries in Douiilas countv. ^-^^ — ^.§.- m^ RANK HAMILTON. Prominent among vJ^ the business men of Folk county, Minnesota, is the subject of this article, a successful hardware dealer' in the village of Fisher. He is a native of Canada, born in Ontario, on the 14th of April, 1858, and is the son of Frank and Christena (Mclnnis) Hamilton, also a native of that dominion. The father and mother of our subject wei'e the parents of the following named children — Donald, William, George, Robert, Kate, Jennie, Flora, Christena and Frank. P^rank Hamilton, the subject of this article, remained at home, attending the excellent common schools of his native county until he had attained the age of fourteen years. At that period in life, he entered an apprentice- ship to the wagon maker's trade at Cromarty, Canada. He followed his trade for two years in that place, and then removed to Listowell, Canada, where he worked at his trade for one year and then returned to Cromarty, where he engaged at wagon mak- ino-. After one year's work, Mr. Hamilton went to Stratford, where he remained twelve months and then moved to Minnesota. He settled in Fisher, Polk county, where he worked at the carpenter's trade for four years. At the expiration of that time, he opened a furniture store, and after two years put in a full line of heavy and shelf hard- ware. He still oj)erates the two stores, and is doing a heavy business. His store is on the cornerof Third street and Thomiison avenue, and is well stocked with all kinds of hardware and furniture. He carries a stock that would do justice to a much larger place, and has a large and increasing business. He is a genial and affable gentleman, and stands high in the community in which he lives. Mr. Hamilton was united in marriage in Stratford, Canada, on the 14th day of July, 1886, to Miss Cressie Rankin, the daughter of James and Margery (McNaughton) Ran- kin, natives of Ireland and Scotland, re- spectively. Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton have been blessed with one child — Errol Clifford. In political matters Mr. Hamilton is an adher- ent to the pi'inciples of the republican party. ►ETER LIER. Among the prominent and influential juerchants of the Park Res'ions is the jrentleman whose name heads this article, a hardware and furniture dealer of the village of Ashby, Grant county, Minne- sota. He is a native of Norway, born on the 20th day of November, 1853, and is the son of RED KIIKK VALLEY AND ErickandMaren (Knutson) Peterson, natives, also of Norway. The jiarents of our suliject, who were farmers, came to the United States in 1877, and settled in Dakota, where they have since lived; The}^ are engaged in farming on a tract of land about twelve miles from Fargo. ^Dakota Territory. Tiiey ed to organize the INfoorhead & Noi'th- ern, Moorhead cV: Barnsville and Afoorhead & Southeastern railroads. Mr. Burnham was married January 17, 1873, to Miss Harriett F. Laughton. This union has been blessed with three children — Bessie A., James H. and Frank H. In politics Mr. Burnham is a republican, ever taking an active part in everything con- cerning local and State politics. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity, and is also a mem- ber of the Grand Army of the Republic. Notwithstanding our subject is deeplv wrapped up in the business affairs of life, yet he is a firm believer and professor of the Christian religion, ami is a member of the First Presb3'terian chui-ch of Moorhead. -«" ^.^- f^SPER N. SANFORD, a prosperous and highly esteemed member of the farm- ing communitv in the famous Red River and Park Regions of Minnesota, is a resident of section 2-4, Elbow Lake township. Grant county. He is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Crawford county, on the 14th day of Jul\', 1854, and is the son of Ebenezer and Lorena (Beardsley) Sanford, natives of New York State. The father and mother of our subject were married in Pennsylvania on the 3rd of April, 1844, and the father of our sub- ject died at an early day in Illinois. He was engaged in the stoneware and queens- ware business, and in the latter part of his life followed farming. They were the par- ents of the following nametl children — . Francisco, Newman, Sylvia, Senath, Susan- nah, Jasper N. and James. James, Newma n and Susannah are deceased. Jasper Sanford received his education in Pennsylvania and at the age of sixteen re- moved with his parents to Michigan, where 206 KED KHEK lALLEY A XD he remained until 1871. At tiie time men- tioned. Jasper removed witii his motlicr :iiul one sister to Minnesota, settling in Grant county. The motiier homesteaded a tract of land in Elbow Lake townshij), on section 1\, wliere tlie_y have since remained. The sul)ject of this memoir, at tiie time of set- tiino; in Grant county, took charge of the new home farm, and lias since continued to operate the same. Mr. Sanford was married Xov('mi)er l.">, 1888, to Miss Melva Delamater, and this union has been blessed with the following- named children — Paul and Newman. Mrs. Sanford is a native of Lorain county, ()iii(j, born in March, 1858. She is the daughtei- of Thonuis anil Amy (Peasley) Uelamater, natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio, respect- ively. The father was a Presbyterian min- istei-. The father and motiier of Mrs. San- ford wei-e the parents of the following named children — JVIelva, Floi'ena, Herman, Martha and Eruce. Mr. Sanford is a prohibitionist in political matters, and with his family belongs to the Presbyterian church. He has held the offi- ces of supervisor, school treasurer and school clerk. He is a representative man of his township, and takes an active interest in all local matters. -^— «^;^^- < »• • - ILLIAM MOSES is a member of tlie firm of Moses & Wylie, deal- ers in diy goods, groceries and boots and shoes at Alexandria, Douglas county. Min- nesota. This firm is one of the most sub- stantial, Hnancially, anil handles the lai'gest trade of any iinii in Douglas county. 15oth meml)ei"s of the linn are well and favoi-ably known, far and near, as men of unimpeach- able character and lousiness integrity. Mr. Moses is a native of eastern Canada, and was born in 18i2. His parents were William and Euphenia (Barr) Moses, who were natives of Canada and Scotland. His grandparents were James and Dorothy (Kowell) Moses, who were natives of New York State. James Moses was by occupa- tion a farmer, and followed that business in New York and in Canaila, wlience he went from the States. In 1830 he moved to Ohio. He died at Elmira, in that State, leaving a large family that grew to man and woman- hood. He served in the home guards dur- ing the War of 1812. The father of the subject of our sketch, William Moses, was a iilacksmith by trade, and followed tliat business throughout his life, beccMiiing an expert in ailits liranclies, especiallv in edgeil tools. In connection with this business he also ran a farm. In the father's family there are now live grown-up children — Ellen, now ifrs. Mooney, James; Amanda, now Mrs. Roble ; William, of whom we write, and Sarah, now Mrs. Jones. The mother of this family was Euphenia (IJarr) Moses, whose father was James Earr, a native of Paisley, Scotland. He was a farmer by occupaticm. In 1821 he came to Canada and settled in Granby, where he lived until his death. He was the father of a large family of wliich si.x members grew to man and womanhood. William Moses spent his younger days on the farm and in the blacksmith shop, attend- ing school in the district in which lie lived at times when he could be spared from work at home. At the age of nineteen he engaged in teaching and for several years followed that profession in Canada. At twenty-one he took cliarge of the home fai'ui (his father having died a short time beforej, and con- tinued its management until 1868. He then came West, leaving his mother in Canada, where she still lives on the old iiome farm. Mr. Moses came to Minnesota, settling in Owatonna, where he with two other gentle- men built a windmill and mill. This busi- PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA 207 ness was continued for eighteen months. At this time ]\Ir. Moses went to Chippewa Falls, Pope county, Minnesota, where he built a water powei- mill on the east brancli of the t'hippewa river. He continued in control of this property for a number of 3'ears. It is now owned i)y Moses tt Petei'son, the latter having;' charge of the business. Mr. Moses moved to Alexandria, Douglas county, in ISS;]. although for five years pre- viously he had been connected with his pres- ent business under the same partnership. This firm also owns a store at Drayton, Da- kota,where they are doing a remai'kably large business. Mr. Moses was first nuu'ried in 1805, to iliss Martha Ralston, who died in the spring of 1872. Ilis second marriage was to Miss Mary Morrison, by whom he has liad three ciiildren — William, Charles and Clara. Mr. Moses is identified in many business interests at Alexandria and in other places. He is a stockholder and director in the Doug- las County Bank and is also vice-president of that institution. He is also a stockholder in the First National Bank of Drayton, Dakota. In politics Mr. ]Moses is a prohibitionist. In business and social circles he stands above reproach, and is esteemed and respected by all his fellow-townsmen. ]\Ir. Moses is one of the most lil)eral men in the commonwealth. He never turns a good cause away empty- handed, but is always ready to encourage, by words and money, that which to him seems to aim toward doing good. He is a loyal nu'inber of the Methodist Episcopal church of Alexandria, of which foi" years he has been the main suppoi'ter and a leading member. He lias given hundreds of dollars to encoui'age the work of his church. In the recent building of a new church edifice he has been a ruling spirit, giving $700 toward its construction. He has been honored with nearly, if not quite, all of the offices in the church to which he belongs. He is at pres- ent a steward and suj^erintendent of the Sunday school. In every way he has proven a warm-hearted friend and a liberal supporter of churches and schools. He is one of tiie solid financial men of Alexandria, is clear- headed and cautious, and is a trustworthy adviser in a business way. He has held numerous civil offices, and while at Chippewa Falls was jjostmaster. -«•- J^RANK TORSTEIN, one of the best j^ known and one of the most prominent citizens of Grant county, Minnesota, is engaged in farming and stock-raising on section 4, Gorton township. Mr. Torstein was born in the centi'al part of Sweden, on the Sth of Februarv, 1828, anil is a son of Nils and Maria (Troberg) Torstein. His father was a merchant and hotel keeper in his native land and a man of prominence. The parents had a family of five childi-en — (iustof, Frederick, Oscar. Frank, ami one that died in infancy. The parents both died in Swetlen. Fi'ank Torstein, who is the pi'inci|)al sub- ject of this article, spent his school days in the land of his birth, attending school until he was fifteen years of age. After this he clerked in an iron factory until he was twenty -one years old, and then engaged in farming and buying wheat. This he con- tinued until 1858, when he came to the United States. After landing at Boston he came dii'ect to Miiuu'sota and took a farm in Carver county. He carried on his agricidt- ural laboi's there until after the Civil War broke out, when, in July, 1861, he enlisted in the Second Minnesota Infantry and was mustered into the service. After the expira- tion of his original term of service he veter- ani/.tul — re-enlisting in the same comjiany in December, 1863, at Chattanooga, Tennessee. 208 RED RIVER VALLE V AND He saw severe duty, and spent some time in the hospital at Corinth, ^Mississipjti. He was finally honorably clischari;e(l at J.ouisville, Kentucky, in July, 1865. After being mus- tered out he went South, but soon afterward went back to New York State, where he remained for about ten years, lie then returned to Minnesota and for a short time was eni^aged in farming in Douglas county. In IST'.i he came to (4 rant county and took a homestead (jn section 4. (iorton township. where he now lives Mr. Torstein has always taken an active and pi'ominent part in all matters of a public nature. He was register of deeds of Grant county for five years, closing with ISStJ, and m&de one of the best officials the county has ever liad. In addition to this he has held a great many local offices, such as school clerk, township clerk, assessor, justice of the peace, etc. He is a mnn of the highest char- acter, and is esteemed by all as a valuetl neio-hbor and an exemplarv citizen. In 1852 our suliject was married to Miss Matilda Erebin, who died in 1874, leaving one child named Francisco, who is now living in Sweden. In October, 1885, Mr. Torstein w IS married to his present wife, who was lornierly Miss Gina Retling. This mar- rias^e has been blessed with two children, nauietlJoseph E. and Frank A. «^^ 'OHN M. MARTIN, a leading attorney of the village of Ada, is a native of Ocean Springs. Jacksctn county, ^lississippi, and is the son of Warrick anti liachel ( Ilai'- bough) Martin. The date of his birth was August 25, 1S51. The father of the subject of this sketch was a native of Chester, Delaware county, Penn- sylvania, and of English Quaker ancestry; his mother was a native of Columbiana county, Ohio, and the descendant of Carl Springer, one of the original Swedish settlers in Delaware, who located tiiere in ir.58. Mr. Martin lived in the South with his parents until the brealdng out of the late Civil War, at wiiich time the family re- moved to Beloit, Wisconsin. His father, who was engaged in the banking business in the South, had previous to this located a tract of land in Wisconsin, to which he came on leaving the sunny South. After living at Eeloit a few years the family removed to Wau- kegan, Illinois, where the\' resided three years. His father established national banks at Beloit and Kenosha, Wisconsin, and was intimately connected in business with Frank Davis, the brother of Senator (.'. K. Davis. In 1867 he went to Washington, and there practiced law. and was the author of several authoritative works on linancial matters, among others the widely known " Monev of Nations " and " Coins and Coinage f)f the United States," the former of which was written while on a visit to London, England, in 1879. This man of mark died in Wash- ington, in December, 1883. His admirei's induced the celebrated sculptor, Clark Mills, to make a bronze bust of him, full life size, which was forwarded to his son. John M. Martin, who has it in his possession. The subject of this memoir received the elements of an excellent rudimentary educa- tion, previous to 1865, in various schools, but in the latter year entered Douglas Universitj^ at Chicago, 111., where he remained some two years. In 1S67, his father having failed in business, after leaving his alma mater he went to Crown Point, Indiana, where he en- gaged in farm labor, at S2i> per month ior a season, and after that in rowing boats on the lakes at $3 per day. While engaged in this latter business he was, for two weeks, in the employ of Joseph Jefferson, the actor, who has won such celebrity as the delineator of Hip Van Winkle. He next, in December, 1867, went to PARK JiEGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 209 Omaha, Nebraska, and was emploved in tlie ottice of J. II. Congdon, tlie general master mechanic of the Union Pacific railroad, with whom lie remained about a year, and in ISfiO he commenced to learn the machinist's trade in the shops of that road, and while there, in October, 1871, went to Chicago, at the time of the great fire, with John Galligan, the present chief of the Omaha fii'e department, and while there did excellent service as a fire- man. In 1872 he left that city and went to California, and founti employment at his trade at Sacramento antl other points. While there he formed the acquaintance of William C. lialston, the multi-millionaire and l)anker of San Francisco, who furnished him with money, and was sent to the silver mines iu'lonjiinji' to that gentleman and Senator Sharon, in the mountains to put in some machinery necessary to the reduction of the ore. Mr. Martin spent some four years on the Pacific slope, mostly engaged in the ma- chinist's trade, or connected with the mining interests. In 1876 he met with an accident which laid him up in a hospital for a consid- erable time, and in the summer of 1877 he turned his face once more eastward, going to Washington, District of Columbia, where he matriculated in the law department of ('oluml)ian University and devoted his whole attention to the study of law, and to so much purpose as to be graduated with honors in the class of " '80," and was admitted to the l)ai' before the Supreme Court of the Disti'ict of Columbia, in the sin-iug of ISSl. lie immediately started for the West, and locating in the rising village of Ada, opened a law office, where he has remained in prac- tice ever since. The first year of his residence here, Mr. Martin took an active part in the division of- the county and the organization of the county of Xorman, and served as the first judge of the jirobate court from the fall of 1881 until January, 1883. His efforts for the advancement of the communit}'^ have been un- ceasing and have borne a welcome fruition. He was the representative of Ada at the Red River Valley Drainage Convention, held at Crookston in December, 1886. An energetic and active member of the democratic party, he has been chosen chairman of most of the local committees of that organization, and has invariably taken a livel}' interest in all political campaigns. He has, by his ex- cellent judgment, well based law studies and fine forensic eloquence, built up for himself one of the finest criminal practices in the Valley, and has acquired considerable real estate as the reward of his efforts. Besides his property in the city, he is the owner of a fine farm of 240 acres of land, of excel- lent quality. II is law librarj', which is valued at $],5n0, is one of the finest in this part of the State, and ^vhen he can look upon his present pleasant competence and think that when he came to Ada he had a cash capital of $1.50, it must prove highly gratifying to him. His success, according to his fellow- citizens, has onh'^ been commensurate with his merits and abilities. Mr. Martin was united in marriage in 1880 with Miss Fannie Greer, a native of Wash- ington, District of Columbia, and daughter of Cornelius Greer, of AVashington, District of Columbia, and by this union there has been one son, Dennis. Our subject is a member of the A. O. U. W., the K. P. and K. of H. fraternities, and is active in all good work. /^^LE L. LUNDBERG, a prominent hard- >^/ ware mei'chant of Elbow Lake, Grant county, Minnesota, is a native of Sweden. He was born in the northern part of that " Land of the Midnight Sun " April 6, 1855, and is the son of Ole and Carrie (Xelson) Jonson. The father was a farmer, and died in his native land in May, 1868. The father RED RIVER VALLEY AXD and mother were the parents of three chil- dren, as follows — John, Kels and Ole. Ole Lnndberg remained in the land of his birth until he was thirteen years old. He attended the common schools in his native land until lie, with iiis mother and two brothers, emigrated to the United States. After a voyage of eleven days the lamily landed in Quebec, Canada, and went dii'cct to yiierbunie county, Minnesota. Tiie mother horaesteaded eighty acres of land in that county, where she lived for four or live years. Our subject, after remaining in that county for some time, located in Isanti county, Minnesota, wiiere he was engaged in agricultural jnirsuits for two j-ears. In 1879 he moved to Grant county, Minnesota, home- steading eighty acres of land in Delaware township, where he lived for five years, engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Leaving the occupation of farming, Mr. Lundberg removed to Ashby, in Grant county, and engaged in the lumber business in that place. In 1887, or four years after his settlement in Asliby, he opened his pres- ent business in Elbow Lake, Grant county, lie is extensively engaged in the iiardware, furniture and lumber Inisiness, and is one of the enterprising business men of the village of Elbow Lake. Mr. Lundberg was married, December 3, 1875, to Miss Betsie llelsine, and this union has been blessed with the following children — Alma, Lilley, Alben, Iva, Nancy, Laura and Arthur. Mrs. Lundberg was born in Sweden, and emigrated to the United States in 1869, settling in Isanti county, Minnesota. She was married in St. Paul, Minnesota. The subject of this memoir is an active republican in politics, and has held various local offices. He aided in the organization of Delaware township, and was the first town clerk. Wliile there he was chairman of the board of supervisors, and while in Ashby l)resident of the village council. fDHN O. SCHJAASTAD, one of the lead- iuiT business men at Ijrandon, Doufrlas county, Minnesota, was born at Throndhjem, Xorwaj', on the 9th of ilav, 1843, and is a son of OttoandOlava(Schevlaas) Schjaastad. The father was a farmer, and died in his native land about ISSo. The mother still lives in Norway. The parents had a family of four children — Ever, Guriiia, John ( )., and Bena. John O. Schjaastad, the subject of this articl(% spent his boyhood days and received his education in the land of his birth, attend- ing school until he was fifteen years of age. From that time he helped his father in the labors attendant u]ion carrying on the home farm' until he had attained tlieageof twentj' years. At that time, in 1803, he decided to come to the New World in search of the competency which seemed .so hard to acquire in Norway, and accoi-dingh'^ set sail, and, after a voyage of some seven weeks, landed at Quebec, Canada. lie then came to Good- hue county, Minnesota, where he worked at various occupations. Three years later, he removetl to Jackson county, Minnesota, took a homestead of eighty acres in Christiana townshii), and there enoaoed in fainiini"'. While living there he took a ])romiii('nt part in ])ui)lic affairsand held various local offices, such as township assessor, supei'visor, school clerk, etc. After living in .lackson county for fourteen or fifteen years, in 1882 he came to Douglas count}', Minnesota, and in company with another party bought 100 acres of land in Brandon townshij). He lived there for six months, when he sold out and moved into the village of Brandon, where he has since lived. He carries on a lucrative business, running a meat market, and also dealing mail Icintls of furniture and tlour and feed. Mr. Schjaastad was married in Jackson county, Minnesota, in 1879, to Miss Betsie jMonson. and they are the parents of four PAKK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. children — Ole, Seinaii, Lena and Bena. Tlie family are exeniphuy membei's of tlie Lutheran church. Li political affairs our suljject is a repul)lican. ■•v' *\ ful druggist and grocery dealer in the city of East Grand Forks, Polk county, Minnesota, is a native of the State of Mar^^- land. lie was born in the city of Baltimore, Maryland, on the 6th -of January, 1S64, and is a son of Theophilusand Theresa (Zilmore) Geisert, natives of Am(>rica. The father was a druggist through life, and resided in Baltimore, to where he had moved at an early day. The father and mother of our subject were the parents of the following named children — Cynthia, .losephene, Vir- ginia, Estella and Theophilus, our subject. Mr. Geisert, the subject of this memoir, remained at the city of his birth until he was twenty years of age. During that time he attended the excellent schools of Balti- more, and clerked in his father's drug store. At the age of twenty years, in 1884. he removed to Chicago, Illinois, where he secured a position as clerk in a drug store of that city, and remained thereabout one year. At the expiration of that time he went to Coal Creek, Fremont county, Colorado, and clerked in a drug store for one year. In 1S8.5 he returned to the city of Chicago, Illinois, and entered the College of Pharmacj'^ in that city. He I'emained in school for one year, and in 188*! graduated with high honors. Soon after graduating, Mr. Geisert settled at East Grand Forks, Polk county, Minnesota, where he established a drug store, lie has since remained in East Grand Foi'ks, and in July, 1888, he added his present stock of groceries. Mr. Geisert has a full line of drugs, and is ])repared to do anything in the prescription line. He also carries a com- plete stock of groceries, and is doing a success- ful business both in drugs and groceries. He is one of the active businessmen of the city, and is actively intereste;t. when he removed to Dakota county, JliiHicsota, settling in Waterford, a small village; near Xorthtield. For the next eleven years his attention was taken up with fai'm- ing and the dairy business. In ISSO he sold out his business interests, and soon after- ward took u[)liis i-esidence in Grant county, Minnesota. lie filed on a homestead of IfiO acres on section 20, Delaware township. He has since added 160 acres as a tree claim. It was Mr. Prescott who first introduced full-blooded Jersey cattle into the State. Mr. Prescott was married January 12, 1847, to Miss Rozilla M. Haley, the daughter of Daniel N. and Nancy (Morrison) Hale}'. By this union ]\Ir. and Mrs. Prescott have been blessed with the following children — Nancy, now Mrs. C. W. Lynde, n^siding in Dakota ; Faustina, the wife of P. II. Clague, a druffirist of Herman villat;e; Herbert, married to Miss Lizzie Shellenl)arger, and residing on section 20, Delawai-e township; John ; David, married to Miss Betzworth, of Iowa, now living in Spokane Falls, Wash- ington Territorv ; Fred, married to Miss Lottie Quilliam, aTid a resident of S]>okane F'alls, Washington Territory ; Frank (de- ceased), and Nathan C. The family are devoted members of the Methodist church. Mr. Prescott is a prohibitionist, both in precept and jiractice, and has held various offices of his township, including township treasurer, assessor, and member of school board while in St. Anthony Falls. He is a member of Prescott Lodge, No. 162, A. F. & A. M., at Herman. -^^ ^^l.LERY C.DAVIS. AVhile the current ^^^ of some men's lives runs peacefully along in shady nooks and quiet reaches of the river of life, others are full of the riffles and rapids and seem born t(j action in wider spheres. Of this latter class is that of Mr. Davis, the subject of our present memoir, who has always filled a prominent pai't in the history of the country. Ellery C. Davis, now a leading man of the city of Crookston, Minnesota, ex-mayor of that place and foruiei'ly an extensive railroad contractor, was born in Washington, Sullivan county, New Hampshire, January 24, 1832, and is the son of 'David L. and Olive 214 j:ei> kivkr valley and (Shackley) Davis. "When but a few months of ago liis parents moved from the " ( )l(l Granite State'' to IIylaces. Tlie subject of this biographical sketch is a native of Norway, born near Christiania on the 21rth day of June, 185-1:, and is a son of Ole and Annie (Olementson) Winger, also natives of Norway. ]\Ir. Winger the subject of this article, spent his younger days in attending school at the city of Christiania, and in 1872 emi- grated to the United States. Aftei- landing at Castle Garden, New York, he went to Graiiii Uapids, Wisconsin, where he remained two vears attending the high school at that place. One year he had charge of a hotel at Grand liajiids, and after leaving there, engaged on the river and in tiie ])iiierii's. After traveling through Iowa, Illinois and Wisconsin, he settled in (^rant county, Minnesota, where he homesteaded 16(1 acres in Delaware townslii|), on section 4, where he liv«5d, engaged in a general farming and stock-raising business until 1881, when he removed to Herman village, where he secured a clerkshi}) with Wells- Brothers, and after working six months for that firm, went to Jloi'ris, Minnesota. He there was PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 2l^ ciiiploved as a c](!fk for four months, and at the expii'ation of that time lie returned to Herman, where he took charge of a general mercliandising store for John Cl.ristenson, foi- ulioiu tlie subject of tliis article worked until the spring of 1887. Mr. Winger then engaged in i)nsiness for himself, opening a general merchantlise store, and has been en- gaged in the same since that time. He cai'- ries a full line of goods, and is one of tlie most prominent merchants of Herman village. Mr. "Winger was unitetl in marriage in Fergus Falls on the loth day of September, 1883, to Miss Amelia Anrland. a, native of Xorway. ]\Ir. "Winger is now secretary of the board of education. He is. a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity and is secretary of that l>ody. He is a man of the strictest honoi' and integrity, highly esteemed by all who know him. In political matters Mr. Winger is a pro- hibitionist, and his wife is the county jiresi- dent of the W. C. T. U., and both are prom- inent workers in the temperance cause. frS£i\ARTlN JOHNSON, who is engaged E^At'^ in the tlry goods business in Glyn- don village, is a native of Norway, born in 1844, and is a son of John and Jennie (Lar- son) Johnsim, also natives of that kingdom. There were three children in the famih' — Martin (our subject), Louis and Joiianna. Martin received iiis education from the com- mon schools, and remained at home until he was ten years of age, when he commenced life for himself by learning the boot and shoe trade. After working some five years, he set up a shop for himself, and was thus engaged until he emigrated to the United States. In 18t>u he} came to tliis country and settled in Lansing, Iowa, where he worked at his ti'ade for ten years. He next moved to Red Wing, IMinnesota, where he worked at the boot and shoe trade for twelve months, when he removed to Clay county, Minnesota. He located fii'stat (ilyndon, where he erected a building and engaged in his old occupation, employing a number of workmen, and carry- ing a full line of stock. In about three j'ears and a half he engaged in the mercantile business, still retaining the former establish- ment. In 1879 he took a tree claim in Morken township, but soon sold out and ]5ur- chased the building in which the ])resent business of the firm of Johnson & Hanson is carried on. During the same year Mr. Johnson built his present residence on Pleas- ant street. Mr. Johnson is an active and representative business man of his village, and at pi-esent holds the office of town and village treasurer. Mr. Johnson was united in marriage, in 1872, to Miss Mar}' Hanson, the daughter of Hans and Catharine Hanson. By this union Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have been blessed with the following children — Joseph, Oscar, Herman and Edith. The family are exem- plary members of the Methodist church. Mr. Johnson is a prohibitionist, both in ])re- cept and ])ractice. -«" ^^~ »!M^ENRY B. HERRICK, the postmaster 1/jL of the village of Fisher, Polk ccmnty, Minnesota, isa nativeof the " Empire State." He was born in the town of Jerusalem, Tates county, New York, September 23, 1827, and is the son of Jacob and Uoxa (Bradley) Herrick, also natives of the State of New York. The mother died when our subject was thirteen years old, and the father removed to Lake Grove, Wisconsin, and took government land, upon which he has since lived. The father and mother of our sub- ject were the parents of the following named children — Gilbert, Polly, Julia A., Adalme, 2lS KKD A'irE/C fALLEV JXD Jason A.. ITenrv B.. Phehe M., Uarriette and Miles N.. four of whoni are deceased. The father of tin- present subject was mar- ried, the second time, in 1848, to Miss Sarah Rouse. II. P). Ilerrick. the subject of this biograph- ical memoir, i-eniaincd at his fatiier's liome in "Wisconsin until he had attained tiie aye of twenty-eight years. At tliat period in life he went to Viro(|na, Vernon county, Wis- consin, where lie remained two .md one-lialf years. The first year and a half he was enjracred in the hotel business, and tbe last year he was employed as a stage agent. He then went to Winona, Minnesota, where he remained eight years, engaged in the stage business. At the expiration of that time Mr. Ilerrick engag(!d in the mercantile busi- ness, and soon afterward went to Eyota, ]\rinnesota, and was engaged in the wheat business for seven or eight years. In Octo- ber. 1879. he removed to Polk County, Min- nesota, and settled in the village of Fisher, where he took charge of an elevator, which he still runs. He is also postmaster, having been appointed in 188.5. He owns a fine residence in the village, and is a respected and prominent citizen. Mr. Ilerrick was united in marriage on the 29th day of Januaiy, 1852, to Miss Eveline Armstrong, the daughter of Samuel and Carrie (Van Allen) Armstrong. Mr. and Mrs. Ilerrick have been blessed with the fol- lowing named children — Fred, deceased; Eva, deceased ; Harry, who married Miss Lillie Lake, and is now the efficient station agent at Owatonna, Steele county, Minne- sota ; Hellen ^laiid. the wife of Mr. Bain, a ])rosperous farmer of Polk county, Minne- sota; and Edith, who is now living with her pai'ents and is deputy postmaster. Mr. Her- rick, the suliject of this article, is an adher- ent to the principles of the democratic party, and always evinces an active interest in that party's campaigns. MORACE G. URIE. the efficient editor of the Evansville . A'nterprhe, in Evansville, Dcniglas county, Minnesota, is a native of Wisconsin. He was born at [ Stoughton, Wisconsin, xv'ovember 29, 1859, I and is a son of Joseph and Anna (Iverson) Urie, natives of Tennessee and Norway, re- spectively. There were three children in the family — Joseph, Horace and Cora. Horace Urie spent his school days in Stoujihton. and at the age of seventeen finished his education in Milton College. After leaving school he was employed as a clerk in Edgerton, Wisconsin, which position he held for two years. He then ojiened a ])iinting office in Oregon, Wisconsin, and. after successfully operating the same for one year, he s(jld out and moved to Douglas county, Minnesota. In the fall of 1SS2 he opened liis present olfice, which he has since I continued to run. In addition to his editorial I occupation he handles organs and scnving \ machines. Mr. Urie was joined in marriage on the IGth day of November, 1885, to Miss Betty !' M. Matliisen, and this union has been blessed with two children, twins, Horace and Joseph. Mrs. (Matliisen) Urie was born, reared and educated in Madison, Wisconsin. Mr. Urie is one of the substantial men of his county, highly esteemed and honored by all who know him. In political matters he is an adherent to the principles of the repulilican ])arty, and always takes an active interest in that party's campaigns. ^^^ I IfeOUlS GEWALT, a prominent hardware ^ merchant of Breekenridge, "Wilkin county, Minnesota, is a native of (■lerman3\ He was born in the State of Sachsen-Coburg- Gotha, Germany, on the 20th of March, 1857, and is the son of Henry and Wilhelmine (Herzog) Gewalt, natives also of that duke- PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 7.\. and was one of the leading- men in tiie locality in which he lived. He with his family belonged to the Lutheran church, and he was trustee of that organization for a great many years through life. They were the parents of the following named children —■ Herman, Ed- mund, Caroline, Rudolph, Louis, Natalie and Huldreich. Louis Gewalt, the person of whom this sketch treats, received his etkication in his native land, and attended the excellent com- mon schools of that country until he had reached the age of fourteen years. On the 1st of May, 1S71, he entered an apprentice- ship to the tinner's trade, anil completed his trath' on the first da}' of Ma}', 1874. He remained at the same place for one year as a journeyman, and then traveled through the different States of Germany, France and Switzerland, in order that he might reach greater proficienc\' in that line. In 1882 Mr. Gewalt emigrated to the United States, and on the 21st of August, 1882, landed at Hoboken. He at once went to Breckenridge, Minnesota, and worked for a time with a tinsmith, O. P. Todd, and in April, 188-1, purchased his stock of hardware and has since carried on the business alone. In 1887 he built his present Imilding on Fifth street, and he carries a large and conijilete stock of heavy and shelf hardwan;, also handling stoves, tinware, cutler}', etc. In addition to his hardware store, he owns a fine, well cultivatetl farm of 152 acres in Sargent county, Dakota Territory. He is one of the prominent and representative citizens of Breckenridge, and has held the offices of township treasurer for three years, and village treasurer for two years. He is a democrat in political affiliations, and takes an active interest in all local nuitters. extend- ing hearty encouragement to every enter- prise calculated to and in the growth and development of the town or county. 4« -.^>-^ PATRICK H. LAMB, mayor of Moor- head, and one of the firm of Lamb Ri'os., is a native of tiie County Tyrone, Ireland ; born March 17, 1847, ho was the son of Owen and Elizabeth Lamb, also natives of Ireland, By trade the father was a butcher, which he followed in his native land. He came to America with liis family in 1819, settling in New Hampshire, where he remained three years, engageil in farming; from there he went to Connecticut, engaging in the same occui)ation ; thence he went to Missouri, where he again went to farming, raising^ ii-rain and stock, remaining until 1880. He then moved five miles north of Moorhead, Clay county, Minnesota, where he jjurchased a farm and where he died two mouths after his settlement. He had a family of eight children, seven now living — John. Patrick, Michael, William, Owen, Peter Jind Mary. Our subject was educated in the common schools of Connecticut, and when a young man he first worked in a cotton factory at Baltic, that State. He then again engaged in farming and brick-making for seven years, in ilissouri, and in 1872 lie came to Moor- head, Minnesota, where he first engaged in railroading and helped consti'uct the North- ern Pacific to Bismark, in Dakota, after which he engaged in freighting from Moor- head to AVinnipeg and Afanitoba, in which he continued two years, having a number of teams there with him : then, with his brother, they started a feed and sah- stable in 'Moor- head, which they still continue; also carried on the manufacturing of brick since 1874, in which they employ a number of hands, and still are engaged in farming and stock-rais- ins. He has 400 heatl of native and blooded RED KtVEK VALLEY AND stock.includinoa finelotof Polled Aiifrns cat- tle, ile farms in all l..")!)!) acres in ^rimiesota. He is also engaged in tlii^ fuel Ixisincss, wood and coal, having liis business house i>n the corner of Fifth and Main streets, Moorhcad. The La ml I iJlock he rents for stores and offices. Mr. Lamb was mai'ried in 18S2 to Miss Catharine Ilerrick, the daughter of Michael Ilerrick, of Moorhead. In politics Mr. Lamb is a democrat, and has held many offices of trust, and has al- ways taken an active part in Imilding up the city and surrounding county. He has held the office of trustee, also alderman of the Second Ward, and been mayoi- of the city since 1886. He has built the Lamb Block and otiier business houses, and in many other wavs has done his full shaiv in aiding: in the growth and development of the local- ity in which he lives. Liberal and enter- prising, W) man stands liigher in the esteem of those who know iiim, and his uniform integrity in business matters lias made his ■wdrd as good as a bond. -«-; John L. OLSON, a highly respected and esteemed husbandman of Grant county, Minnesota, resides on section 8, Sanford townsiiii), where he is enoased in farmino: — tilling the soil, raising grain and cattle, and performing all tasks i-e(]uisite to successful agriculture. He is a native of Norway, born on the 14th day of October, 1849, and is a son of Ole ami Mary Anderson, natives, also, of the "Land of the Midnight Sun." They were farmers in the Old World, and were the parents of the following named chil- dren — Martlia, Maria and John. John Olson, the person of wiiom this article treats, spent the first fifteen years of his life in Ills native land attending the common schools in that counti'v. In 1804 he emi- grated to tiie ['nited States, and after a voy- age of four weeks, landed at Quebec, Canada. He went from this ])lace to Dane county, AVisconsin, where lie remained a few years, working at various occujiations. He next removed to Michigan, where he remained five years, chop])ing cord-wood. At the expiration of that time, in 1S(!9, he removed to Minnesota, and after looking the country over, retui'ued to Wisconsin. After spending the winter there, he returned in the follow ing spring, settled in Grant county, Minne- sota, and took a 160-acre homestead on section 8, Sanford township, where he has since lived, devotino- his time to fai'minromi- nent and inthiential citizens of the Red Iliver Valley, is a resident of section 1, East Grand Forks township, Polk county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in a general farming and stock-raising busines.s. He is a native of Pennsylvania, born in New Castle, on the 1st day of June. 1833, and is the son of Ephraim and Louisa (Warnei'j Nash, natives of New York State. William Nash spent his younger days in the common schools of his native State and Michigan, where he attended school for three years. After completing his common- school education, he decich'd to pui-sue the study of medicine, and was planningto attend the medical (le|)artment at Ann Ari)or, Michigan. His eyes caused him so much troul)le that he was obliged to give up his intendetl course in medicine. He then re- moved to Kentucky, where he remained a few years, engaged in the mei'cantile busi- ness, and in 1862 removed to St. Paul. Min- nesota. He remained in the capital of Min- nesota for one year, heing there foi' his health. In 1863 he went to Pembina, Da- kota Territory, and from there to what was Fort Gary, now Winnipeg, Manitoba, and remained some time, recuperating. The fol- lowing summer he spent in Milwaukee, AVis- consin, anil Chicago, Illinois, and in the sjiringof 186-4 went to Fort Abercrombie, where he was einjdoyed as sutler and (tov- ernment contractor. He remained there five or six years, and during that time had the contract to furnish wood and hav for PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA 225 tlie fort. lie also hekl the contract to snj)- ])ly tlie brick to build Fort Pembina and also the contract to carry tiie mail between Fort Abercrombie and "Winnipeg. There was a trackless stretch of country to pass through and the Indians in that region were a source of constant danger, and it was next to impossible to secure a driver. l\Ir. Nash uu\ile the trip with dog teams, and many were the dangers which he encountered dur- ing those early daj^s. At one time when there were but two making the trip they were attacked by Indians, and barely escapetl with their lives. After that Mr. Nash could secure no one to make the journey with him, exce])t a young stranger, and they made the trip in safety. Indians were not the only cause of danger. Many times the drivers would be so badly frozen that Mr. Nash would have to make the trip himself. He remained in this ca]iacity until 1809, when he removed to what is now East Grand Forks, Polk county, Minnesota, and located on section 1, East Grand Forks township, where he has since remained. Through his iuHuence with Senator Ramsey, the post- office of Nashville was establi'shed and also the appointment of the postmaster. He also was the means of the postal route being es- tablished between Crookston and East Grand Forks. When the village of East Grand Foi'ks had attained a moderate size, through ]\Ir. Nash's influence the name was changed to East Gi'and Forks, and principally through him it receiveil its city charter. He is oneof till? substantial and well-to-do farmers of the county, and without doubt one of the most influential agriculturists in Polk county, lie is extensively engaged in general farm- ing operations and has a well cultivated farm of 700 acres, lying upon the banks of the lied Lake I'iver. One hundred acres of his beautiful farm is timber land, and he has a line and commodious residence just in the suburbs of the citv. Mr. Nash was united in marriage in St. Peter, Minnesota, on the 19th day of Janu- ary, 1869, to Miss Ida V. Slaugter, the daughter of Robert and Mary (Clark) Slaugter, natives of Virginia and Ohio, re- spectively. The grandfather of Mrs. Nash studied law with Henry Clay, and was an influential citizen in the locality in which he lived. Mr. and Mrs. Nash are the parents of the following named children — Lois, Mary I., Nellie K., William C, Jr., Dudley L., Robert F. and Harold S. Mr. Nash has held all of the school offices in his district, including school director, treasurer, etc. He is a member of the A. F. and A. M., of the Grand Forks lodge and chapter. In ])olitical matters he affiliates with the dem- ocratic party, and is a man of more than ordinary education and ability. He is actively interested in all movements calcu- lated to benefit either town or county, and is highly esteemed and respected by all who know him. JT PETERSON, JR., joint proprietor of ^ Peterson's book and fruit store, Barnes- ville, Clay county, Minnesota, is one of the earliest settlers in that section, having made Moorhead his home in 1872. He was born in the province of Wermeland, Sweden, on the 7th day of April, 1855, and when but a child emigrated with his parents to the United States, living in different lo- calities, mostly in Minnes(jta, and in 1869 removed to Meeker county, Minnesota, where his father, who had considerable means, bought improved land. Two years later young Peterson was allowed to go with some friends to Minneapolis. Once there he did not mean to return home quite so soon as had been expected, but sought and found such emjiloyment as he could get, and was always bus\-, asserting that he "did not have •2 26 RED KIVER VALLEY A.\'D time to go hack liome to be laughed atby liis ste])iii<)tlier." At this time, while work- ing in a shingle mill (Crocker Bros, iz Lam- ereaux), lie came within an incli of having his young life cut short hy an accident. One cold evening in the fall he fell through a sluice hole in the great platfonn by the mills into tiie pitch dark ice and water twenty feet l)elow. The strong curi-ent and lie- nunibing cold, together with the complete darkness, seenu3(l about to finish the work the tall had failed to accomplish, when, at the critical moment, there appeared a glim- mer of light from some one's lantern at the lower mill door, which enabled him to see and grasp tlie last post at the end of the shingle track, crawl up on the track and make for the mill. There tiiey were dumb- founded by this sudden apparition, while " Joiinny," however, never stopped moving his legs till he reached his boarding place (Cataract House), when the icy stiffness of his sleeves prevented his knocking or open- ing the door. lie could still kick (and can yet) and was let in, <|uickly put to bed and given a warm drink by good "Mother Lamereaux," and the next morning was at his post again, nothing the worse for the cold bath. This was not his first lesson in swim- ming. While living with his parents at Stillwater, Minnesota, he jumped from a raft which had Ijeen detached about 100 feet from low water. When his head popped up above the surface, another urchin who had come up yelled out, " Keep up your head, Johnny!" He did and padtUed to shore, having often since had occasion to remem- ber and act upon the simple but safe advice of his young friend. One year later he struck out for the West, antl experienced considerable hardship, working in the pineries, etc., and finally i)rought up at Detroit, Minnesota, where he worked and attended school. In the fall of 1ST;> he removed to Moorhead, Minnesota, where he found employment as carpenter, clerk, maciiine agent, etc., for a couple of 3'ears. and in the winter time attended school. Then times wei-e flush, and Mr. Peterson relates that lie often nuide as high as §5 ])er i\\\\ lathing, other wages being coi'respondingly high. In the next early spring he worke(i(». Mr. Peterson has always taken an active and important part in ])olitical and local affairs, having been meinlier of the repub- lican town committee, of which he is now chaii'Hian, all the time since moving to Ijarnesville; has held the office of justice of the peace almost continuously since he was old enough to vote, and has also been mem- ber of the village council of Earnesville and village recorder. He is correspondent for the St. Paul Pioneer Press and other ])apers, and is, all in all, an old timer, though yet young and full of further and more striking ])ossibilities. Mr. Peterson was married, in 1882, to Miss Pertha M. Ishong, who was born in Minnesota, her parents being of Norwegian nationality. Out of four, children born to them — Johan Ferdinand, -lames Garnet, Miranda Emelia and Julian Maurice, one, their little gii'l, Emelia, died at the age of two years, which sad fact is the only thing to cloud the brightness of t heir otherwise happy home. |[>^AGE JOHNSON, a prominent merchant iS^ and the efficient postmaster at Pomme de Terre village. Grant county, Minnesota, is a native of Norway, and springs from a race distinguished for their thrift, industry and integrit\\ He was bi>rn on the 1st day of Januar\% 1831, and is the son of John P. Johnson, a native of the same kingdom. The; father of our subject was a tarmei' in the Old World, and is now deceased. The father and mother of our subject were the parents of the following named children — Ei-ick, Peter, Andrew, Lage, John and Ole. Lage Johnson, the subject of this bio- graphical review, jiassed the first twenty-one years of his life in the land of his birth, instilling into his mind the principles of right, honest}' and economy. After he left the school-room he entered an apprenticeship to the shoemaker's trade, and he followed that occupation until 1852. In 1852 he emi- grated to the United States, and, after a voy- age of seven weeks, landed at Quebec, Can- ada. After landing, he went to Iowa coun- ty, Wisconsin, where he remained about four years, engaged in farming. At the expira- tion of that time he removed to Fillmore countj% Minnesota, and pre-empted a tract of land on which he lived for lyneteen years. In 1875 he moved to Grant county, Minne- sota, and located in Pomme de Terre town- ship on section 21. Soon after locating in Grant county, he built a store in Pomme de Terre village, and has since Ijeen engaged in the general merchandising business in con- nection with his farming interests. He car- ries a full line of goods, and is doing a large and increasing business. He owns a large, well cultivated tract of land, com]irising 240 acres, and with neat and comfortable build- ing improvements. He was appointed ]iost- master in 1877, and has held the same ever since with the exception of three years. Mr. Johnson was married on the 16th day of August, 1851, to Miss Pettronele Estensen, a native of Norway, and now the mother of the following named children — Anna M., (jea, Emilia, .Iose])heni, Olena, Henry (>., Peter L., Tilla ()., William N., Julia I), and Evelena S. Mr. Johnson has held the offices of postmaster, school treasurer, etc. He, with his family, behMigs to the Lutheran church. In political matters he affiliates with the re- publican party, and lakes an active interest in 228 KliD KJVKJi VALLEY AXD all public and eclucational matters. He is a representalive man of liis township and resi- dence village, and is a citizen of the strictest honor and integrity, liiglily esteemed by all who icnow him. '«<-; «^- _ ARK D. JUDKINS. Of the many ^^^Xi^ "brave boys in bUu!" wlio found homes in tlie famous ParicEegionsof Minne- sota, none better deserve mention than the irentleman whose name heads tliis article, who is engaged in the foundrv and macliine business in the village of Osakis, Douglas county, Minnesota. He is a native of Maine, born in Fayette, March 13, 1837, and is the son of David and Emeline (Swift) Judkins, also natives of ]\Iaine. The fiither of our subject passed away from the scenes of earth on the 24th of September, 1S87, and the mother is still living at the advanced age of seventy-four years. They were the parents of six children, three boys and tliree girls, named as follows — Mark I).. Mariali, Melisse, IJaley I)., Jessie and Tolly. Mark D. Judkins, the subject of this biographical sketch, received a ))ractical business education in his native State, and when nineteen years old he left the school- room and removed to Pennsylvania, with his parents. He remained in Pennsylvania from 1857 until 1861, during which time he was ene-aji'ed in the lumbering- business. On tiie 20th of October, 1861, he enlisted in Com- pany II, Fifty-Eighth Pennsylvania Infantry, and served thirteen months. He then re- enlisted ill I'.attery D, Fourth United States Artillery, and served until February 18, 180 days dur- ing the war. The following is a list of tlie engagements he jiarticipated in — Franklin, \'irginia, Deserteil House. January 30,1868; siege of Sulb)lk, s])ring of 1863, lasting twenty-two days; with Butlei' in the Army of the James, dui-ing the s))i'ing of 1S63; AValtliall Juncti(.)n, s])ring of 1864; Fort Darling, May 11, 1861; Druries Pluff, May 12, 1864; in the siege of Petersburg from June 16 to August 29,1864; then made Hank movement on Tlichmond, A'irginia, on the 29th of August, 1S64, and cai)tured seven lines of breastworks; battle of Oak Hill, September 7, 1864, and siege of liichmond, from August 29, ls64. to A])ril 3. 1865. Mr. Judkins then made a trip to Texas, and from there went to AVashington. District of Cohuui)ia, where he remained dui'ing the spring of 1866, and received an honorable discharge Febniaiy 18, 1867. After he was mustered out, he I'eturned to Pennsylvania, where he remained five oi' six months and then went to Adams county, AVisconsin. There he engaged in the hop business, and after some little time moved to Minnesota. He settled in Pojie county. ^Minnesota, in Decemliei', lS(i9, and engaj:ed in farming and remained until 1S7.".. Mr. Judkins then went to Osakis and engaged in the patent right business, and has since devoted a great deal of ids tinu> to it. He is now engaged extensivelv in the foimdiv and inachinerjf business, and is doing a heavy trade. Special mention shouhl be nuule of Mr. Judkins' inventive powers, being a natural born mechanic. He was the lirst inventor of tlie three-wheeh'd riding plow, having |)atented the same in 1873. As tliis impkuuent of husbandry is in general use, its merits and character need not be dis- cussed, it being sufficicMit to add that it is made by all the large manul'actoi-ies in the I'nited States. He is also the inveiitoi- of PARK KF.GIOXS OF MIX.VF.SOTA 229 tlie selfsackint;' and o-rain scparatoi', on which lie made SS,(iflti in tlii'eo niouUis. He is also the patentee of sevei-al different riding- ])lo\vs, and it will be seen at a o-lance that he is a i)enefactor to the coniinunity at lai'ge. Mr. .ludkins was married on the 18th of Octolx'r, 1870, to jNIiss Tlarriettc JlcCollum and this union has been blessed with two children. U. S. Grant and Mary, both of wiiom are now at home. Mrs. Judkins is a native of Indiana and received lier education in Minnesota. JMr. Judkins is a republican in politics and one of the active businessmen of the village. lie is a member of the National Lodge, No. 12, Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons, Washington, District of Columbia, and John Kennedy Post, No. 141, de[)artmcnt of IMinnesota, Grand Arnw of the Republic. j\Ir. Judkins is also the patentee of the best double-acting force pum]) in the country, and patentee of the adjustable fireback for cook- ing stoves. He manufactures artesian well rigs and tools, well auger rigs and tools, sells all kinds of pumps, pipes and fittings, windmills, feed mills ; all kinds of castings and horse powers, heating stoves, etc., and, in fact, he can sell you almost anything you want. -«— JUDGE ROBERT J. MONTAGUE, alead- ing attorney of Ci'ookston, and one of its most po[)ulai' ami influential citizens, was born in Boston, ]\fassacliusetts. ]\Iarcli 3, 18411, and is the son of Robert and Ellen ^[ontague, who were natives of the Emerald Isle. In 18.")(ithe family came to ]VIinnesota aiul set- tled in Olmsted county, where the father took up a claim and foundeil a farm, where still live the parents, a sister and a brother of oar subject. Their home is on the south- east quarter of section 2, in the town of Salem, Olmsted countv. In his early years. Judge Montague endured all the hardships aiul jirivations common to all of Minnesota's early settlers, and, there ijeing a gi'eat lack of educational facilities in that locality at that date, ami those that there were being of but inferior graile, under his mother's direction young Montague obtained the most of his |(rimary education at home. He was reared upon the home- stead, and early inui'ed to hai'd woi'k. Years spent in the rough toil upon the farm has won for him the reputation in that almost native county as a hard-working farmer. Pie remained beneath the parental roof until 1875, teaching school during the winter months the last ten years, and heli)ing carry on the farm in summers. After his mai'riage, in 1875, he, like so many other farmers' boys, had higher aims, and burned to take a more prominent ])art in the world than was com- ])atible with his agricultural labors, and he turned to the study of law. Having to depend upon his own exertions for the main- tenance of himself antl wife, he had no time to enter the office of some legal himiiiai'V, but, still cari-ymg on his hard and laborious work, found time, at odd moments, to master the principles and practice of the profession he had chosen. This earnest scholar, who thus toiled on unaided, with untiring effort, with unfaltering fidelity to his task, suc- ceeded at last in passing the ordeal of an examination most triumphantly, and was admitted to practice at the bai-, at Rochester, Minnesota, December 11, 1880. The reward for his labors and self-denial was yet to come. In the newer settlements of the great West he felt there was a bettei' Held for his efforts, so in May, 1881, he came to the city of ("rookston, and there opened his present office, ami engaged in the ])ractice of law. The peo])le soon appreciated the merits of the new attorney, whose ability and success were of a high character, and he soon possessed a fair numl)(M' of clients. In 23° KKD A'/ r /■:/,' VALLEY A.VD 1882 he was chosen judge of tlie probate court of Polk county, and filled that office successfully and satisfactorily for four years. Since taking uj) his home in Crookston he has devoted a liberal share of his time and talent to the welfare of the place, which has borne recognition by his fellow-townsmen, they electing him to the mayoralty in Api-il, 1885, which position he held for one year. As a lawyer Mr. Montague I'anks very high, while his unimpeachable integrity, kind and affable manners, and excellent com- mon siiiisc, have I'endei'ed him both popular and respected. As an orator he is able and fervid, iind is rapidly taking a prominent place anicjug the popular leaders of the day in this section. Mr. Montague was united in marriage in 1874, with ]\riss Elizabeth Finnigan, a, native of New York. Tliev have six children. • .«« 4^ UFUS P. WELLS, one of the most JSlV I'l'oininent and best known citizens and business men of Grant county. Min- nesota, is engaged in a general banking business in the village of Herman. He is a native of Canaila, born at L'Orignal on the 27th day of A|)ril, ISS-i, and is a son of Abel and Hannah (Cass) Wells, natives, also, of Canada. liufus, the subject of this biographical sketch, spent his younger days in attending school at L'Orignal, Canada. At the age of twenty-one years he left the school-room and engaged for sometime in the lumbering busi- ness at that place. He, at the expiration of a few vears, removed to Omro, Winneliago county, AVisconsin, where he remained two years, engaged in lumbering and farming. He then removed to Belle Plaine, Scott county, Minnesota, where he was eiigaged in milling and carpentering for a period of two vears. On the 2nd dav of October. 1861, he enlisted in the Fourth Minnesota Infantry, Company A. He was under Cap- tain Baxter until he was ])romoted to the rank of major, and then thecimipany passed under the hands of (.aptaiii Young. During the service the captaincy changed twice more, first to Captain liussel and next to Ca])tain Douglass. Our subject entered as a private and was discharged as captain. He was honorably discharged July lit, 1S05, at Louisville. Kentucky. He ]iartici|)ated in the battles of luka, Corinth, Raymond, Jack- son. Champion Hill, Yicksburg and many skirmishes, lie was promoted to the ranks of cor|>()ral. first sergeant, first lieutenant and finally to the rank of acajjtain of Company C. Aftei" his discharge he returned to Jor- dan, where he remained until he removed to (irant county in IS.'^o. In the fall of that vear he settled at Hei'man and eno-ao-ed in the banking business under the incoi'])orated name of Grant County Bank, organized as a State bank. He has since enoaged in this occupation, and is one of the most successful and prominent business men of Grant county. Mr. \Yells was united in marriage on the 4th of March, ISf.'.i, to Miss Mary Cass- well, and they are the parents of the follow- ing children — Mai'ion, George W., A. "Waters, Josepii B., Azelia E., Betsie L., and James P., all of whom ai-e single and at home, except the two oldest, who arc attending the high school at Minneapolis, ^Minnesota. AIis. Wells is a native of ]S^ew York State, born January 15. 1847, ;>ud the daughter of G. W. Casswell, afainierof the Empire State. She is one of two children — Charles Jl. and ]\rary E. The subject of this article is one of the rep- resentative men of his residence village, and has held the offices of member of the village school board and ])resident of the same for a number of years. He is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity and also of the Ancient Order of United AVorkmen. He is a republican in PAA'h- A-K(;/0.y.S OF MliVNESOTA. 231 l]is))olitical;ilfiliati()ns, and takes a ]irominent pai't ill all local affairs. Mr. Wells is a stockholder of the Stevens County Bank, located at >[orris, and is also engaged in tlie merchandising business at that place. In addition to his hanking interests in Herman, he cai'ries on a general merchandising busi- ness and deals to some extent in real estate. He is one of the most enterprising and capable businessmen in the village. A man of the utmost honor and integrity, he is highl}' esteemed by all who know him. ..i^ ILLIAM WIDENHOEFER, the efficient and accommodating hotel proprietor of the Fisher Hotel, Polk county, Minnesota, is a native of Germany. He was born in Wurtemberg, on the l-tth ilay of September, 1S54-, and is the son of Jacob and Katharine Widenhoefer, also natives of Germany. The father and mother of our subject were the ])arents of the following named children — Carl, Ciiristian, Jacob, Bar- bara, Mary, Minnie and William. William Widenhoefer, the subject of this bi- ographical memoir, remained at homeattend- ingthe common schools of his native land un- til he had reached the age of fourteen years. He then commenced in life for himself by entering an apprenticeship to the potter's trade. After leai'ning his trade he followed the same for over five years for one lirm. In Noveml)ei', 1873. he emigi'ated to the United States, and, after a voyage of seven- teen days, landed in New York. He at once went to lieavei' Bay, Minnesota, wliere he secured employment in a saw mill and in a lumber cam]). After working at this oc- cupation for about two yeai's, he went to Michigan. There he secured employment in the copper mines of Superior, and, for about i'oui'teen months, tended bar for his uncle. He then worked foi' seven months in the Quincy copper mines, and then secured em- plo\'ment of Adolph Ithul, in the saloon busi- ness, for whom he worketl two years and nine months. On the 5th day of May, ISSO, Mr. Widenhoefer removed to Minnesota, and located in Polk county. During tliat sum- mer he worked on a farm, and, in the fall,, moved to the village of P'isher, Polk countv, Minnesota, where he purchased the hotel he now oijcrates. He has since been engaced in the hotel business, and is highly esteemed by the traveling public. Mr. Widenhoefer was united in marriage, on September 3, 1883, to Miss Amelia Jantz, the daughter of John and Augusta Jantz. The subject of this sketch is a dem- ocrat in politics, and one of the jn-ominent business men of the village. He is a mem- ber of the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows, Lodge No. 87, of Fisher. ||l^R. CHARLES F. FALLEY, physician, attorney and counselor at law, and also judge of probate of Wilkin county, Min- nesota, is a resident of Breckeni'idge, where he is extensively engaged at his profession. He is a native of Ohio, born at Granville, Licking county, on the -ith of April, 1815, and is the son of Samuel and Ruth (Root) Falley, natives of New Hampshire and Mas- sachusetts, respectively. The father was, in early life, engaged in the mercantile busi- ness, and in 1814 engaged in farming at Granville, Ohio, and previous to this was a merchant in Franklin, Ohio, from 1802 to 1811. At that date he returned to New Hampshire, where he remained until 1814. AVhen he returned to Ohio it was with the (iranville colony, and he remained there the rest of his life. He held the position of cap- tain in the State militia, and in early days 232 RED RIVER VALLEY AND was a Jeffersonian. Later he became a whig, then an abolitionist, and at last a repub- lican. He died at the m<;'<' of ninetv-tiiree years, and the motlier died when she was seventy-two years old. They were the par- ents of the following- named children — Ma- tilda, Clarissa. Richard, Dr. Charles F., Lewis A., Francis C, Edmund R., Ruth M., Eunice (now Mrs. Segar), Linus A. and Charlotte C. Richard liveil to be ahout sixty eight years old, and his son is Charles F., the present jiroprietor and editor (with George Fritz) of the Dalioia Glohe, published at Wahpcton, Dakota Territory. The subject of this biographical sketch was raised on the home farm, at Cranville, Ohio, anil attended the i)al)lic schools in that locality. He attended the college at Gam- bier, Ohio, for two years, and then returned to Gran vi lie and studied medicine with Dr. William AV. Banci'ol't for four years. Dur- ing this time he attended four courses of lectures, one at Worthington, Ohio, and the other three at AVilloughby Ilniversitj^ in Ohio, from which he graduated in 1838. "While attending Kenyon College, at Gam- bier, he read law, and was admitted to the bar in LS3(!. The following spring, after his graduation from the medical college, he engaged in the practice of medicine in York, Clark county, Illinois, where he remained three years. At the expiration of that time he removed to Ewington, Effingham count}', Illinois, and practiced medicine until 1860. In ISGo he went to Olney, Richland count}', Illinois, and for the next two yeai's was engaged in clinical work at that place. He then entered the army as hospital steward, and served as assistant to the l)rigade sur- geon for two years, and after his tlischarge went to Bloomington, Grant co\inty, "Wis- consin. There he engaged in pnjfessional woi'k U>¥ two years, and at the expiration of that time moved to Mt. IIo]H', in the same count}', and remained there for two years, occupied with clinical work. At the end of the two years Dr. Falley again moved, this time settling in Lancaster, the county seat of Grant county, "Wisconsin. After twelve years devoted to. the sick and suffering in that locality, the doctor removed to Afinne- sota, and in IST'.t located in IJreckenridge, "Wilkin county, where he has since been en- ffa^ed in medical work. In ISS-f he was elected to the oiKce of judge of probate of "W^ilkin county, and has since creditably dis- chai'ii'ed the official duties devolving:- on that office. Judge Falley was united in niai'riage, in 1843, to Miss Annie C. Brackett, a native of Lancaster, New IIarn|)sliii(', and now the — mother of the following lunned children Charles B., an attorney-at-law, who ilied in ISSO; he was a graduate of the law department at Ann Arbor, Michigan ; he s(>rved in the Civil AVar, having enlisted when he was six- teen years old, and was in the service three years; he was hospital steward for two years, and was discharged in 1865 ; he was cotmty auditoi' of "Wilkin comity at the time of his death, aiul had held the office for six years. Lou A., now Mrs. F. J. Howard, her husband being a member of the firm of Hon-ard, AA^alters ife Co., of Breckenridge ; she is a graduate of the normal school at Platt\'ille, AVisconsin. Dr. Richard L. is a jun- ior of Beloit College, AVisconsin, a graduate of the St. Paul Medical College, and a success- ful practitionei' of Twin \'alley, Jlinncsota. The remaining children died in infancy. Dr. Falley, with his family, belongs to the Episcopal church. He is a republican in politics, and takes an active interest in all local matters. He belong:s to the social orjran- izations. Odd Fellows and Masonic frater- nities. He is also a mend:;er of Sumner Post, Grand Army of the Re|)ul(lic, at AVahpeton, Dakota Territory. In addition to his medical i)i"ictice the doctor deals extensively in I'eal estate, furnishes abstracts, PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 233 investigates titles, makes collections, paj's taxes for non-resident parties, and devotes special attention to all matters connected witii ])ublic lands, lie is one of tlie repre- sentative business men of AVilicin county and vicinit}', and commands a lai'ge and increasing practice, both in law and medi- cine, wiiicli extends thi-ougliout Western Minnesota and Eastei'n Dakota. ELS H. HANSON, a member of the firm of Johnson Ar Hanson, dry got)ds merciiants in Glyndon village, Clay county, Minnesota, is a native of Norway. He was born September 7, 1854, and is a son of Hans and Catharena (Johnson) Hanson, who wei'e natives of that kingdom. The father, who was a tailor and farmer by trade, came to tlie Unitetl States in 1865, and settled in Allamakee covinty, Iowa. He remained there engaged in tailoring and farming until 1870, when he came to Clay county, Minnesota, and settled in Glyndon, where he died in February, 1880. Mrs. Catharena Hanson, who is still living in Glyndon, is the mother of nine children, four of whom are living — Maiy (now Mrs. Johns(m), Anna (the wife of E. A. Erick- son), Hertlia (married to Joseph Hansman), and Nels H., the subject of this article. The parents were members of the IMethodist church, and the father was one of the prom- inent business men in the locality in which lie lived. Nels' early life was spent on the home farm, where he received a common- school education. At the age of twenty- one he left the old home, and started out in life for himself, by working for farnu^rs. After working a year for a farmer in Iowa lie went to Lansing, Iowa, where he learned the trade of a cooper. As soon as that was 0-acre homestead, and at once began to make improvements, building a substantial house and barn and cultivating over a hundred acres of land. Mr. Hanson remained on his t:irni for six years, at the expiration of which time he sold out and moved to Chiy county, Minnesota, settling in Glyndon. April 4, 1885. He at once entered into partnership with Johnson «& Erickson, ami after continuing in business until January, 1887, the firm name was changed from Johnson, Erickson & Co. to Johnson & Hanson, by the purchase of Mr. Erickson's interest by Messrs. Johnson and Hanson. Mr. Hanson is one of the substan- tial and esteemed business men of Glyndon village. He is a member of the village board, and, while in Chippewa county, held the office of constal)le. In political matters he is a republican. Mr. Hanson was married, in 1877, to Miss IMary Bertleson, the daughter of Bertie Anderson, a native of Norway. He came to the United States and settled in Lansing, Iowa, where he was engaged in the cooper's trade until the time of his death. Mrs. Hanson is one of a family of seven children. Mr. and Mrs. Hanson are the parents of the following children — Louise, Amanda, Nellie (deceased), Minnie and Ada. •H^; ^^^ JpEoRACE DE CAMP, who held the M^ office of register of deeds for Clay county, Minnesota, from 1876 to 1889, is a highly respected citizen of Moorhead, and justlv merits a place in this connection. He was born at Sing Sing, New York, May 10, 1827, and is a son of Ralph and ]\[a'ry (Lee) De Camp, natives of New Jersey. The father was a master mason and a fine mechanic. It was he who built the prison 234 RED KIVER VALLEY AND at Aiihiirn, Now York, in ISlfi. and tlie one at lSiii<;' Sin"' in 182*!, also erected the line county buildin<;s at Anhuin, and other splendid struetni-es in the Eastern States, inchiding city halls, chnreh edifices, etc. lie followed this caliino- for forty-live years of his life, employing at one time over 50(t men. He lived a retired life at Aureliiis, New York, until ninety-three years of age. His wife died at the age of seventv-seven. They had a family of nine children, only two of whom are now living — William, of Cresco, Iowa, and our subject, Horace. Horace was educated at Auburn, New York, and received an academic course, leav- ing school when seventeen years oki. He then clerked for two years. He engaged to do office work for a railroad, with whom he was employed for eight years, after whicli time he went to Texas. This was in 18-Ht, and he clerked on a steamboat l)etween Galves- ton and Houston for a year and a half. From the boat clei'kship lie went to selling goods at Galveston, continuing for three years, but on account of ill health he came North and settled in "Wyoming county. New York, on a farm ; but, possessed by an ambition which saw better openings West, be came to Wisconsin, settling five miles from Milwaukee, where he again entered farm life, continuing for five years. In 1S71 he came to Clay county, Minnesota, and in the spring of 1872 moved his family to Moorheatl, where he has since remained. It was he who built the first frame house erected in that city. In it lieke]>t hotel, the same being styled " Tlie AVestern Hotel." Around this pioneer building much of earl}'- day history centers. Here the first Protest- ant chui'ch services were held, and that, too, before the building was fairly enclosed. The Ilev. O. II. Elmer, a Presbyterian min- ister, who was holding meetings in tents, was the one who conducted this meetins'. Politicall}', Mr. De Camp is a I'epublican, and has been honored, as well as burdened, with various local offices, includini;- rejiistcr of deeds and justice of the peace, etc. He was elected in 187fi to the former office, and still fills the ])lace, acceptably to all con- cerned, at this writing (188S). He was maii'ied to ^fiss E. C. Pierson, of Jacksonville, Illinois, in 1886. He was, Ikjw- evei', nuirried before, and by that union has a son named Ralph E., now an artist in Montana Territory. Our subject has been a great traveler in his day. He passed all through ifexico, as early as 1855 and 1856, and has seen much of every State in the Union. He is a well posted and highly intelligent man, who well represents the culture found in the famous lied River Valley. "^^NUD O. LAASTUEN, one of the J^i^uX^ prominent and respected membei's of the farming community of the Red River and Park Regions, is a resident of section 9, San- ford township, Grant county, Minnesota, where he is extensivelv engaged in agricult- ural 2)ursuits. He is a native of Norway, l)orn on the 17th of July, 1843, and is a son of Ole Laas- tuen, a native also of that kingdom. The father of the present subject emigrated to the United States in 1861, and settled in Fill- more county, ^Minnesota, where he is still liv- ing at the advanced age of ninety years. The mother of Knud died in 1882. They were the parents of the following named children — Halvor, Ole, Carrie and Knud. Knud Laastuen spent eigiiteen years of his life in the laiul of his birth. Uj) to the age of fifteen he attended the common schools, and frf)ni that ])eriod in life until he was eighteen he reniaineil at home and took care of his parents. At the age of eighteen he came to the T'nited States with his parents, PARK KRGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 235 aiul, iiftei- a voyage of twelve weeks, landed at Quebec. Canada. PVom tliis port of land- ing the party removed to Fillmore county, Minnesota, wiiere tlie parents have since re- sided. Mr. Laastn(Mi remained in Filimoi-e county until 1872, when he went to Gi'ant county, Minnesota, and liought a ti'act of land, comprising loo acres, on sections 8 and 9, Sanl'oi'd towiisiiip. Heat once began im- provements, and lie now lias one of the best and most highly cultivated farms in the county. He owns 500 acres lying on sections 8, y and 16, and is engaged extensively in general farming and stock-raising. He was one of the first settlers in the county, and took an active part in the organ- ization of his township. When he settled liere the town of Elbow Lake was an Indian camp, containing about four thousand Indians. They gradually retreated as the advancing line of civilization jiressed onward and westward. Mr. L.aastuen was united in marriage .Jan- uary 28, 1804-, to Miss IVIary Knudson, anil thev have been blessed with the f(>llowination, and, in ls.5r), thinking to better his condition in the West, came to the State of Iowa, and two years later to Minnesota. He located on some school land near North- field, this State, where he remained until his death. He was the father of ten children, seven of whom are now living — William, Aaron, Ann, Sarah, Joseph, David V. (the subject of our sketch) and Mary (now the wife of B. F. Nelson). Mr. Fredenburg spent his boyhood days on the farm, remaining until his fifteenth 3^ear. He ilid not take kindly to education, and often received a whipping for playing truant. After leaving home, he went into a saw mill at Floyd Centre, Floyd county, Iowa, where he remained one year. He then went to Kansas, where he worked for three years, thence coming to JSIinnesota. 236 RED niVEK WILLEY AND On coming to this State, he turned his atten- tion to farming, settling on eighty acres of school land near Xorthlicld. On this land he built a farm house 14x20 feet, and made other valuable ini|)rovements. In IStlT Mr. Fredenburg thought he could do better, financially, in some other locality, so he sold his farm near XortliKeld, and came to Alex- andria. Douglas county, this State. Here he started the first livci-y stable, aiul built one of the first dwelling houses in tlie place. This latter property he trailed for a farm in Lake ]\Iary township, which lie kept for ten years. During tiiis time Mr. Fredenburg was on the road a great deal, traveling at least 10,000 miles to and from Alexandria. Mr. Fredenburg was not intended for a farmer, however, and did not make a success in that business, so, finally, he sold his farm and came back to Alexandria, where he engaged in the manufacture of bob-sleds. He built a shop for this work near the site of his pres- ent mill, and, though he employed six men constantly, could not sup])ly the demand. In 188-i he |)urchased a feed mill in Batavia, Illinois, and sliipped it to Alexandria, think- ing that there milling would be a ]irofitable business. This he ran in connection with his factory until iss.S, when lie built the Crown Holler ilill, wiiich has a capacity of sixt}'- barrels of wheat flour and forty barrels of buckwheat flour ])er day. In this mill he keei)s three men employed at the heavy work, attending to the general management personally. He is doing an extensive and flourisliing business. In 1873 Mr. Fredenburg was married to Miss Mary M. Ti'uax, of Lake Mary, daughter of Absolom Truax. This union has been blessed with four children — Van, Ida, "Walter and George. In politics J[r. Fredenbui'g is an independ- ent. In all public matters he is api'ominent factor. He is actively interested in and lib- erally disposed toward all things thai per- tain to the financial and business welfare of the city. Mr. Fredenburg is known to be a leading and representative citizen of Alex- andria -«" ^.^►. PROSPER SEIDLINGER, dealer in harness, saddlery and leather goods, is one of the leading business men at Brandon, Douglas county, Minnesota. He was liorn in Loraine, now a province of Germany, but in former years a portion of France, on the 2d da}' of May, 1860, and is a son of George and Kate (Sherman) Seidlinger. The father was a farmer, and renuiined in his native land until 1869, when he came to tiie United States and settled in Wisconsin, where he still lives. Prosper Seidlinger, whose name heads our article, was the ninth in a family of ten chil- dren. He was only nine years of age when he came with his father to the United States. He received his education in Dodge county, Wisconsin, attending school until he was eighteen vears of age. From that time until he \vas twenty, he aided his fatiier on the farm. lie then learned the iiai-ness-maker's trade at Columbus, Wisconsin, and has fol- lowed that business ever since. In 1886 he came to Douglas county, ilinnesota, and opened a harness sho]) at Brandon village, which he still conducts. He is a successful business num, an excellent workman, and his straightforward dealing has won him a lucra- five trade. He is a democrat in politics. He has taken an active interest in all matters of a ])ublic nature, and is now a member of the village council of Brandon. Mr. Seidlinger was married on the 17th of February. 1884, to Miss Fannie Good.sell, and tiiey are the parents of twochildren — Emily and George. The family attend the Catho- lic church. PARK A-ECIOXS OF MI.WVESOTA. 237 [OHN A. MUNDIGEL, one of the pro- |)i'ietorsot'the East Grand Forks Brewing Company, is a- resident of East Grand Forks, Folk county, Minnesota, wliere he is engaged in the itnsiness indicated. He is a native of Germany, born in Ilessen-Darmstadt, on the 2lst of Novemi>er, 1S54, and is the son of Joim A. and Anna M. (Lammer) Mundigel, natives also of the kingdom of Germany. J[r. ]\[undigel was thrown ii]ion his own resources when he was at the earlv age of nine years, and from that period in life until he was fourteen years old he attended the excellent common schools in his native land. At the age of fonrteen years he emigrated to the United States and after landing- settled in Menomonee, Wisconsin, where he remained nine years, clerking in a store. At the expiration of the nine years Mr. Mundigel removed to Grand Forks, Dakota, where he eniiaged in a hrewiny factorv as clerk. He remained with that establishment until tlie spring of ISSJ, when he went to East Grand Forks, Polk county, Minnesota, where he entered the brewing business with Messrs. Zengel and IToffman. The firm name stanils, JMundigel, Zengel A: (^^ompaiiy, and the brewery has a capacit}' of 10,000 barrels ])er year. They are doing an extensive busi- ness and have $10,000 worth of stock on hand, and are one of the heaviest firms in the I'ted River Valley. Mr. Mundigel was united in marriage in Grand Forks, Dakota, to Miss Mary "Wingen (the daughtei' of Peter and Catharina Win- gen), on the 30th of December, 1881. Mrs. Wingen died in 1882. Mr. Mundigel was married the second time on the 21st of .January, 1885. to Miss Anna Ri|)pel, the daughter of Paul and Anna IJi|)pel. This marriage has been lilessed witli the folhjwing cliildren — George W. (deceased), AVilliam A. and Mamie L. Mr. Mundigel is one (jf the active citizens of the city, and is a stanch denidcrat in |iol- itics. Liberal and enterprising, every move- ment calculated to benefit his city or county receives his active support and encourage- ment, and he has been prominently identified with the growth and develojiment of the western portion of Polk county in late years. »-^^ /M.UGUST P. GEORGE. In all coun- tries, and especially in this rejiublic, with its free institutions, tiie man who has bestowed upon him the gift of jniblic office is, indeed, a representative citizen of the community who have thus elevated him. Mr. George, the deservedly popular auditor of Norman county, Minnesota, is one of these, and is counted one of Ada's most thorough- going, energetic business men. lie was born in Hanover, Germany, January 31, 1857, and is the son of August anil Christiane (Ilolzap- fel) George. Receiving, in his native land, the elements of an excellent education, he remained beneath the ])arental roof until he had attained his sixteenth year, when, with a laudable ambition of carving out a better fortune for liimself than was possible among the vine clad hills of his fatherland, he left his home and friends and started for the New AVorld. Landing in New Yoi'k City in the winter of 1873-71, thefriendless boy found employment in the metropolis, in a grocerv store, and by close attention to business and the prudential economy so characteristic of his race, ac- ci;mulated some little capital. lie remained in that city until 1879, when, his heart yearti- ing for his relatives and friends in the land of his birth, he recrossed the wide Atlantic on a visit to the scenes of his youth. In February. 1880, he came back to the United States, and. on the vessel in which he made the voyage, received from a gentleman from Minneapolis, who was also a passenger, a very favorable idea of the gi'cat and growing 238 RED KIVER ]■ ALLEY AND Northwest, and formed a determination of visitinj;- that [lortion of the counlrv at some future (lav. On his I'cturn to New Vork he hoimlit a small business stand, hut the idea of going West having gained possession of him, in a few months, having found a pur- chaser, he sold out and came directly to Ada, then an cuiln yo village. Tiiis was in July, 18S0. lie was favorably impressed, anil determined to cast in his lot with the peo])le of tiiatphice, and purchased a lot on which he erected the second two-story building in the village. In the following autumn he j)ut in a stock of furniture and gents' furnishing ffoods. and lemained in that Hue of trade until the fall of 1885, when he closed out to assume the duties of auditor of the ccmnty. Mr. (reoi'ge has more or less been associ- ated with the public life of Norman count}'^ ever since his arrival here. In the fall of 1881 he took an active part in the organiza- tion of the county, and was the lirsl treas- urer thereof, being appointed to that office in the spring of 1882. This office he held until Januai'v, 18S,S, but without neglecting his mercantile ])ursuits; but when, in the fall of 1885, he was a])pointed to the office of county auditor, he sold out his business to devote his entire attention to the ])osition ■committed to his charge. In the fall of 188fi he Avas elected to lill the same office, and in 1888 reelected his own successor. He has also served as treasurer of both town and village, and is looked upon as a model officer. Orderly and methodical, he has at- tended to the l)usiness of the county in a most efficacious manner, infusing his own energy and activity into the administration of its affairs as far as called upon to do by his olli(-e, and has won for himself hosts of friends and warm suppoi'ters thi'oUi^hout the country. In his tinancial affairs Mr. George has been emiueutly successful, owning a magnificent farm of 800 acres of most e-xcellent arable land, which he is rapidly improving and bringing uiuler a high state 'of tilth. His satisfaction with the Red Kiver Valley and its pre-eminent ailvanta<;es for the po(jr man is e.xpi'essed by him in the jilainost manner. Mr. Geoige was united in marriage Au- gust 19. 1881. with Miss Hilda :\Ioeckel, of Ci'ookston, .Minnesota, and daughter of Ernest and liertha (Meyer) Moeckel, of Crookston. They have one child, Irma, aged si.x veai's. .-^- OLE JOHNSON, a thrifty representa- tive of the sturdy Norwegian race, distinguished above all other nationalities for their economy, energy and industiw, is a resident of section 3, Pomme de Terre town- ship, Grant county. Minnesota, lie is a. native of Noi'way, boi'n on the loth day ol' April. 18-18, and is the son of .loliannes and Hattie (Olson) Johnson, natives also of tiie kingdom of Xoi-\vay. The ])arents of our subject, with their family, emigi'ated to the United States, July -1, 18^53, and after a voyage of seven weeks and four days landed at New York City, New Yoi'k. From their port of landing they removed to AVis- consin, settling in Winnebago county, where the parents are still living. The subject of this biographical memoir received his education in his native land, and at the age of fifteen years emigrated to the United States with his parents, as above state he entered the Columbia Law Col- lege, and in ISTl was graduated from that institution with high honors. After the day of his graduation, heengag'^din jirofessional life in Brooklyn and for seven years devoted the energies of body and mind upor. his life's work. In 1SS4 he decided to seek new fields for his labors and wider scope for his taleni, and accordingly made a visit to the compara- tively new Xortlnvest. Sto]iping at the beautiful and i)us_y village of Barnesville, Mr. Caiialey was particularly ])leased with the business pi-ospects ami pleasant surround- ings of this western town, and decidetl to make it his future home. In that same year and shortly after his visit, he opened an office for the practice of his profession and has since been actively engaged in a general law business, paying also special attention to real estate matters and insuiance. He is a prominent man of the village and county. In political matters he is a democrat, and he was chairman of the county committee, a delegate to both the county and state con- ventions in 1888, and always takes an active interest in the party's campaigns. He is a thorough business man and his name is pi'oniinently associated with all movements calculated to benefit either the village or county. He is highly esteemed ami honored by all who know him. lie possesses one of the most complete ami valuable law libraries in the county, comprising 400 volumes. James K. van DOREN. Prominent among the successful business men of tiie famous Park Regions is the gentleman whose name heads this article, a merchant of Herman, (4rant county, Minnesota. Mr. Van Doren was born in Steuben county, New York, September 8, 18-44, and is a son of Isaac O. and Sarah Maria (Bush) Van Doren. The parents were both na- tives of New York State. They settled in Wisconsin in 1854, where the mother died in 1873, and there the father is still livinij. The parents had a family of nine children, five bovs and four girls, all of whom grew to man and womanhood — Adelaide, J. K., J. H., Alfreda, Ella, Wheeler O., Frank L., Charles L. and May. The sub'ect of our present sketch, J. K. Van Doren, as above indicated, spent his eai-]y boyhood days in his native State, and when al)out ten years of age. removed with his j)arents to Wisconsin, where he grew to manliood. He received a thorough practical education, and then took a commercial course at Milwaukee, finishing bis education and graduating when twenty-two years of age. He then went into the hotel business at Oshkosh, Wisconsin, for two years, with his father, and at the expii-ation of that time secured a position as book-keeper for a lumber firm at Butte des Morts, Wisconsin, remaining with them for four years. Clos- ing his engagement with them, in 1872 he embarked in the mercantile business at Win- neconne, Wisconsin, in ])artnersliip with George Lefaver, but, five months later, bought out the interest of his associate, and continued the business alone until 1879, when he came to Grant county, Minnesota, and engaged in the mercantile business at Herman, opening a complete stock of dry goods and general merchandise. He has since carried on the business at that point, and his upright business methods and strict integrity have won him an extensive trade, and placed him among the most prominent and reliable business men of the county in which he lives. He has extensive pro]ierty interests in his region, owning several farms in Grant and adjoining counties. Liberal 242 KED KIl'EK VALLEY AXD and enterprising, he lias been prominently identified with tiie growth and tlevelopment of the locality in which he lives. ]\[r. Tan Doren is an ex-Union soldier. He enlisted in September. 1861, in the First Wisconsin Cavaliy, and sei'ved until Febru- ai'v, ISfi."), when he was honoralily discharged at Madison, Wisc-oiisin. He saw ver\' active and severe service, and lew veterans have a mf)re creditable " war record." Pie partici- ))ated in a number of important engage- ments, besides many skirmishes, and spent over eight months in the famous Anderson- viUe and other rebel prison pens of the South. Our subject was married in 1877 to Miss Eessie I. Simmons, and they are the parents of five living children — Edward M., Earl J., Le Roy, Ward Keynolds, and Jennie M. Two are dead, Miles W., who died in 1879, aged one year, and J. K., who died in 188-1, at the age of seven months. Mrs. "\'an Doren is a native of Bangor, Maine, and a (iauohter of James Simmons, a lumberman of tiie Pine Tree State. Mr. Van Doren is an honored member of the Ui'and Army of the Republic. He has always taken an active interest in public af- fairs, and has held various local ]iositions in the conuiumitv in which he resides. -»-!^^"^- HARLES RIDLEY, the editor and pro- prietor of the Osakis Ohserver, in Douglas county, Minnesota, is a native of Minnesota, lie was born in Wright county, on the 29th of April, 18C8, and is the son of Alvali and IMary Elizabeth (Dayj Ridley, natives of Maine iind New York, respect- ively. After their marriage, the ])arents of our subject settled in Wi-iglit county, Minne- sota, wliert' tlicy have since lived. They arc llie parents of the following named I children — Charlie, Elfie, Willie. Georgia, Bertie, Vernon, Nellie, Ehie and Gracie. Charles Ridley, the subject of this article, received his education in his native State, and, when fifteen years of age, entered the excellent schools in Clearwater, Wright county, Minnesota. He com))leted his edu- cation from that school in 1888. During ! his school attendance in Clearwatei- he leariu'd the ju'inter's trade in the vacations and odd hours of his school-days. Onthe;Jlst of October, 1888, Mr. Ridley removed to the village of Osakis, Douglas county, Minne- sota, and leased the C)sakis Ohserver, from H. Cossairt. Mr. Ridley has since operated the paper, and has materially improved it, l)oth in appearance and contents. It is a ' bi'ight, newsy ]ieriodical, a six-column paper, and is non-partisan. It has a large circula- tion, and is a representative newspajioi' of thecDunty. Mr. Ridley is a pi'(iliil)itionist in his ])olitical affiliations, and takes an active in- tei'est in all local affairs. Although a late set- tler in the county, he is rapidly growing into ])r<)miiu'nce, both as an editor and an exem- jilarv citizen. He is highly esteemed by those who know him, and is one of the ris- ing voung men of the count v. — ■^- M. WEBSTER, the projH-i- etor of tiie livery, feetl and sale stable in the village of Fisher, Polk county, Minnesota, is a native of Illinois. He was born in Rock Island, Illinois, on the 21st day of May, 18()3, and is the son of Calno and Mary (Carothers) Webster, natives of Mas- sachusetts and Pennsylvania, respective!}'. As a sketch of the parents of the present sub- ject will be found in another tlepaitnu'iit of this Album, their history need not be spoken of in this connection. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 243 Harvey M. AVebster, tlie subject of this biography, remained in his native State until 18t>5, when he removed to Wisconsin, and settled on Jfaxvelle Prairie. He remained at that phice until 1875, wiien he went to Hudson Prairie, Wisconsin, where he re- mained two years, and then journeyed west- ward. He landed at St. Paul, Minnesota, ■A\\rownlee. Mr. Webster is a republican in his political affiliations, and evinces an active interest in all matters cal- culated to Ijenefit either town or county. ^^EORGE N. LAMPHERE, editor and ^^y pro])rietor of the Moorhead News, is one of the most ])rominent newspaper men in the lied River A'alley. He was born at Mystic, New London count\', Connecticut, on August 23, 1815; father's name, David; moth(>r's, Mary Ann, oldest daughter of Dr. John B. Houche : father descended from the Scotch, mother from the French. The subject of this sketch received his education fi'om the common schools. He resideil on a farm until his sixteenth year, when he en- tered the office of the Hartford (Connec- ticut) Post, which was published by ids uncle, James M. Scofield, but before completing his trade, he enlisted for the war, joining the Sixteenth Regiment, Connecticut Volun- teers, he being at the date of his enlistment one montii short of seventeen years of age. He shared the fortunes of that regiment in its every march, siege and battle, losing Ti(,t a day's service or a dutj^ until April 20, 18()-±, when he was wounded at Plymouth, North Cai'olina, and taken prisoner. His left arm was amputated while in the hands of the enemy. May 22, 1864. He remained a pris- oner of war six months, having been con- fined in Raleigh (North Carolina), in hospi- tal, Libbv]irison, Salisbury (North Carolina), and Columbia (South Carolina). He sur- vived the loss of his arm and all the priva- tions of prison life, and was exchanged, somewhat broken in health, in November, 1864. In the following February he was hon- orably dischai'ged fi-om the military service at Paltimore, Maryland. After his discharge he went to Washington, and was at once appointed a shipping clerk in the office of Captain E. S. Allen, assistant quartermaster at the wharves, foot of Sixth and Seventh streets, with a compensation of $75 per month. He was afterward transferred and promoted a clerk of Class 1, with compen- sation at the rate of $1,200 per annum, in the office of the quartermaster-general of the army, where he remained for several years and then resigned. He was a clerk also in the United States census office 1871-72. In June, 1872, he participated in the first competitive examination held under the celebrated civil service rules, and was one of four of a class of forty who received a])pointments as clerks of Class 1. in the treasury department, July 1, of that year, he being assigned to 244 RED RIVEK \-ALIJ-:y AXD duty In the appointment division of the office oT tlie secretary of tiie treasury In less than one year tiiereafter he was pro- moted from Class 1 to Class 3, at si, 600 a 3^ear, on a competitive examination, and to Class 4, at §1,800 a year, in January. 1875. In August, 1875, lie was promoted to the position of assistant chief of the appoint- ment division, with a compensation of 82,400 a year. lie served faithfully in this capacity until April, 1879, when he was elevated to the position of chief, wherein he served until January, 1882, when he resigned; a change of adnunistration, by the death of the great and good Garfield, the retirement of lion. AVilliam Windomas secretary of the treas- ury, and the accession of Hon. Charles S. Folger ill ills placi', making it agreeable for Mr. Laiiiplu'i'i; to vacate his position. Ml'. Lamphere has read law, and has foi' many years been a contributor of articles for the press. lie is the author of a book entitleil "The United States Government," which was liighly commended by distinguished au- thority as the most complete and valuable book of its kinil wliich had ever been issued at the time it was published, in 1880. Three editions were sold, and it is now out of press. In IMarcli, 1882, Mr. Lamphere removed with his fainily from "Washington to Moor- head, Minnesota, where he has since resided. His first liusiness after reaching the West was real estate and lire insurance, in which he gained moderate success. In A]iril, 1SS3, at the solicitation of lead- ing liusiness men, he purchased the daily and weekly XetcK, of Moorhead, the daily edition having been just previously suspended, and took charge thereof as publisher and editor, reviving the daily and publishing both daily and weekly editions. He has continued in tliat employment ever since. In April, 1868, George N. Lamphere was united in marriage to ]\fiss Sarah C. Jones, of riiiladel|)hia. They have had born to them eleven children, nine of whom survive, namely — Charles S., aged nineteen; George X., Jr., aged sixteen ; Nellie R., aged fifteen ; Gertrude C, aged thirteen ; Ralph Leo, aged ten; Joseph Sherman, aged nine; Eugenie ^L, agetl seven; Addie, aged five; and Allie, aged three. Charles, the oldest, is now foreman of the job department of the office of the Daily Chronicle, Spokane Falls, "Wash- ington Territory. All the others are at home. WILLIE N. BRONSON, a member of the firm of Bronson ife Dalil, dry goods merchants in Evaiisville, Douglas county. Minnesota, is a native of Iowa. He was born in "Wyoming, Jones county, Iowa, August 26, 185!», and is the son of Saiiiuel M.and Anna (Nicholson) Bronson, who were natives of Connecticut and Pennsylvania, respectively. The father, wlio was a Con- gregational minister, receivetl his education in New York State at Fayette University, where he was employed as a minister aiul teacher. He came to Douglas county, Min- nesota, in 1878, locating at .Mcxandiia, where he was employed as a local preacher for two years. He then removed to Evans- ville, Minnesota, where he remained for some time, and then settled in Dassel, Minnesota. In the spring of 1887 he returned to Evans- ville, where he died Januaiy 27, 1888. Mrs. Anna (Nicholson) Bronson is still living, and is the mother of six children, as follows — "Willie (our subject), Nellie, Stella, Gertrude, Clement II. and Oscar. Mr. Bronson, the sul)ject of this article, spent his school-days in Floyd, Iowa, and at the a<;'e of eiiihteen vears 'iradiiated from the high school at that place. After teach- ing school for one year he moved to Alexan- dria, Minnesota, and for the next seven or eight years was emploN'ed as a school-teacher PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 245 in various localities. In May, 1886, he en- gatj^eil in bis present business in the village of Evansviile in partnership with Mi". Dahl. The firm is one of the strongest and best known in the village, and cari'v a full stock of drj' goods and general merchandise. Mr. Bronson has held the office of village recorder since 1887, and is one of the enterprising and esteemed citizens of Evansviile. In political matters he affiliates with the repub- lican party. Enterprising and public spirited, he takes an active part in every move calcu- lated to aid in the growth and development of the locality in which he liv^es, and his business capaiiilities, as well as his character and integrity, are unquestioned. «^- J ^fOHN WYVELL. Among the promi- nent and successful lousiness men of the famous Eed River and Park Regions is the gentleman of wliom this memoir treats, a furnitui'e dealer in Breckenridge, Wilkin county, Minnesota. He is a native of Eng- gland, born on the 14th of October, 1838, and is the son of John and Rebecca (Mathews) Wyvell, natives also of tl)at kingdom. The father, in his j^ounger days, was a soldier in the Royal ]\Iarines, of England, and in later days followed the business of contracting, lie died in 1859, and the mother of our subject passed away in 1868. They were the parents of the following named children — Mary, Elizabeth, Rebecca, Ann, John and Thomas. The family consisted of foui'teen children, the above named being those who are now living. Mr. Wyvell, the subjfect of this article, at- tended school in his native land up to the age of ten years.- At that period in life he entered a lead, copper and silver mine, and was employed there until 1859, when he emigrated to the United States, and settled at Portage Lake, Houghton county, Michi- igan. He engaged at mining, and remained eighteen months. At the expiration of that time he removed to Eagle Harbor and Eagle River, where he located and devoted his time to mining, clerking and contracting. In 1870 he removed to Duluth, Minnesota, and engaged at the stone mason's trade, employ- ing fourteen men anil furnishing stone on contracts. He had charge of the R. G. Coburn warehouse in Sujierior City, and remained in that place two years and a half. He then went to Wadena, Minne- sota, and followed carpentering. He helped build the first residence which was erected in that place, and did a great deal of work for the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, building the station house at that place. A few mouths after settling there he homesteaded 120 acres, two miles west of Wadena, in Otter Tail county, and also purchased forty acres of the railroad company. He built a house, barn, granary and other out-buildings, and made general improvements on the place. He continued to reside there for nine years, engaged exten- sively' and successfully in general farming and stock-raising. In 1880 Mr. Wyvell re- moved to the village of Battle Lake, built a store and house, and engaged in the mercan- tile business, following it for six years. On the 5th day of February, 1884, his house and stoi'B were totally destro\'ed by fire, causing a loss of §2,000. Not to- be discouraged by misfortune, he rebuilt and engaged in the same business for two years. In March, 1886, he sold out, and removed bis goods to Breckenridge, AVilkin county, IMinnesota; purchased two lots on Fifth avenue, and erected a substantial store, 44x50 feet in size, two stories in height, and in which he has since continued to do business. He carries a full stock of furniture, and a complete line of sewing machines, pianos, organs, etc. Mr. Wyvell was married in 1859 to Miss Jane Peardon, a native of England, and the 246 RED RIVER VALLE Y AND (laiiglitcr of William and Jane Peardon. l^Cr. and Mrs. Wy veil are the parents of the fol- lowing named children — John, who married Miss Bertha Torgerson ; James, married to Miss Belle Cammeron ; Mary J., Henry G., Al- bert E., liiciiard C. and Gilbert F. The sub- ject of thissketcn, with his family, belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he is recording secretary. He is the Sunday- school superintendent, and one of the first members of the church. He is a representa- tive man of his town and county, highly esteemed by all who know him. He has held the office of clerk of tlie school district, and is a man of the strictest honor and integrity. Mr. Wyvell was formerly a republican in jiolitics. but has left that jiarty and enlisted in the ranks of the prohibition party, being a sincere temperance advocate l)otli in practice and precept. ILLIAM H. BARROWS, a prominent and highly esteemed farmer of Grant county Minnesota, is a resident of section 36, Logan township, where he is ex- tensively engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He is a native of Maine, born on the 12th of March, 1857, and is the son of William and A'ancy (P\irnell) Barrows, na- tives also of the Pine Tree State. The father and mother of our subject were mar- ried in Maine, and shortly after their mar- riage moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where thev have continued to resiile. The father is a member of the lumbering firm of Merriam & Barrows Brothers, of Minne- apolis. The father and mother are symjja- thizers of the Methodist Episcopal church, and are the parents of the following children —William H., Melvin P., Jessie, Lydia F. and Eddie. William H. Barrows, the subject of this biography, spent his school-days in Minne- apolis, and at the age of eighteen he left school and was employed by his father in surveying timber lands. After three years in this employment he was engaged as fore- man of the shipment and receiving ofiice of the same firm with which his father was con- nected, and served in that capacity for three years. He then removed to Grant county, and in the spring of 1881 settled on section 31, Maxwell township, where he lived four j'ears. At the expiration of the time mentioned, he located on his present place in Logan town- ship, section 36, where he has since been en- gaged in general farming and stock-i-aising. He owns an extensive fai'm of -foO acres, and the imi)rovements make it f)ne of the most desirable tracts of land in the township or county. He has two large barns, 44xl0n feet in size, granary, two-story house, anil a 132- foot tubular well of the purest and best of water. Mr. Barrows was united in niai-riage <.n the 3d of iVcember, 1877, to ]\Iiss Christena Dolberg, a native of Sweden, and this union has been blessed with three children — !Melvin P., A'"era F. and Ever. The subject of this article is a republican in his ])olitical affilia- tions, and takes a deep interest in all that party's campaigns. He is one of the repre- sentative men of his township, and while in Maxwell township held the otlice of chair- man of the board of supervisoi's. He is a man of the strictest honor and integrity, and is highly esteemed by ail wlio know him. l|uARS J. HAUGE, the efficient clerk of llM^v court of (rirant county, ^finnesota, is a native of Norway, born in Bergen, July 20, 1859. The parents, Jens and Ingeborg (Raae) Hauge, are natives of Xorway, where they are now living, engaged in agriculture. They were the parents of twelve children, as follows — Anders, Lars, Anders, Olnv, Carrie, PARA- A'/-:G/0XS Of MIXXESGTA. 247 Anna. Jens, Tver, David, Hans, Ilagnhild anil Tlionias. Mr. Lars Hauge spent his early life in tlie scliool-rooms of his native land, and after completing his education at the age of twenty years, he engaged in the profession of school teaching, which he followed for two yeai's. In 18S1 he emigrated to tiie United States, and after landing at New York City went to Herman, Grant county, Minnesota. Dur- ing tile summer of 1S81 he worked out on a farm, and the following winter attended scliool. During the next few years Mr. Hauge alternately worked at farm labor and attended school in the summers and winters. He then taught school for a 3'ear or two, after which he secured work on a farm and soon after returned to the vocation of a teacher. This occupation he followed until he was elected to his present office, clerk of j court, in ISSO, taking charge of the office in the winter of 1887. In political matters the subject of this article is an adherent to the principles of the prohibition party. In the discharge of his official duties Mr. Hauge has not only cred- itably acquitted himself, but has given sat- isfaction to all, and he is recognized as one of the most honorable citizens of the local- ity in which he lives. A man of the strict- est integrity, he is highl}" esteemed by all who bear Ins iic(piaintance. -«« ^ REDBRICK PUHLER, the present pop- L^ ular postmaster of Ada-, Minnesota, is among the oldest, as well as one of its most enterprising citizens, having been closely ..lentitied with it and its interests since December, 1879. Born in the beautiful land of Hesse-Darm- stadt. Germany. March 8, 1855, and the son of Gabriel and Elizabeth (Knobe) Puhler, our subject was not reared amid the vine- clad hills of his native country, beside the placiil waters of the classic river Rhine, but was brought to the United States when he was scarcely two years old. The family settled in Waukesha county, Wisconsin, where the parents still reside. When our subject was some ten years of age, with the natural independence which is so character- istic of him still, he left home and went to work on his own account in northeastern Iowa. While engaged in farm labor and going to school, for he was determined to procure an education, he experienced religion, and was converted to the religion of Christ at a camp-meeting, and was shortly after- ward taken up by the Methodists of Cedar Falls, and sent to Northwestern Biblical Institute at Evanston, Illinois, to be educated for the ministry. After some two months' experience in that college, he came to the conclusion that he had missed his calling, and that he was not htted by nature or in- clination for the pulpit, and lieing now a young man, left tiiere and went to Chicago. He entered the employ of the Chicago Trib- une as marine reporter, and remained with that o-reat journal for nearlv two vears. His talents and readiness gaining him friends, he was presented by the manager of that paper with a scholarship in Clavorack Col- lege, near Albany, New York, on the Hudson river. Entering that institution, he there devoted some four years to untiring study, and, on graduation, took the special course of journalism at Cornell College, which called for thi'ee years more of toil in the pursuit of knowledge. Knowing that there is no royal road to that which Solomon declares to be " more precious than rubies," he strove man- fully to attain his ends, supporting himself during all that time by his pen. Original sketches, stories or tales, translations from the German, and other work of a like char- acter, supplied liim, sparingly, with means, and at last he found his reward, being grad- 248 KEP Jx'/r /■:/,• lAi.i.EV Axn uated from the last mentioned institution in the spring of 1875. From there the youn^ man went to New York City, and iiis talents were soon employed on the ^un, tlie great democratic sheet of the country, witli whicli iiei'(>maincd about a year, Going to tiie 'World in the spring of 1876, in the fall of that year he was sent by that great metropolitan journal to Louisiana with the congressional commit- tee who were investigating the election returns. He acted in tiie caj)acity of re- porter for tiie ])a])er until the spring of 1877, when, taking thol'lack Kills fever, he took a trip to that wonderland, and in Deadwood started a daily paper in company with Charles Collins, to whicii they gave the luime of the Champion. He presided over tliat sheet until September following, wIhmi he sold out the business and made a trip with a government surveying party through Idaho, as far as Walla Walla, Washington Territory. From the latter phice he went to San Francisco, and IVcim there back to Bismarck, making the most of the trip on horseback. Going to Minneapolis,Mr. Puhlcr found em- ployment with the Pioneer Press, in tlie fall of 1877, and remained in that city, on that journal and the Tribune until December, 1879, when he paid a visit to Ada. Liking the outlook of the place, he returned here, permanently to settle, in February. iSSiJ, and established a weekly paper, to which he gave the name of The Norman Counttj Alert, the first issue being dated April 5. The ques- tion of the division of Polk county, and the organization of the southern half as a new county was commenced that season by Mr. Puhler, although both of the representatives from the disti'ict in the Icgislatui'e were op- posed to the movement. In the winter of 1880-81 Mr. Puhler ami J. Y. Campbell were sent to St. Paul as a committee to press the matter through the legislature, and, after eight weeks' hard work in the lobby, suc- ceeded in having an act j)assed submitting the question to tlie qualilied electors of the county. Throwing himself into the contest with his usual vigor, and supported Ijy the leading citizens of the lower half of the county, after a hard and bitter fight he at- tained the end he aimed for, and the divis- ion carried. A convention was held in the fall of 1881 to nominate for appointment by the governor the men to form the board of commissioners to organize the county, but the choice of that convention not meeting the views of those who had been instrumental in the division of the county, Mr. Puhler was sent to St. Paul to interview the governor on the part of these infiiiential citizens, and suc- ceeded in having others ai)])ointed to those offices. At the election of^the fall of ISSl oui' suliject was chosen clerk of the court, and filled that office for one year. During nearh' all that time, until the spring of 1SS3, he con- tinued his paper, which he finally sold to Lightbourn & Foote. In the fall of 1880 he drew up the articles of incorporation for the village of Ada, which were j)assed by the legislature at the same time as the act of division of the count v, and on the organiza- tion of the same was appointed its first recorder, an oifice Avhich he occujiied for three years. In the fall of 1882, at the time of the contest between Kindred and Nelson in their political campaign. .Mr. Puhler espoused the cause of the formei-, and l>y his activity and success gained from his oppon- ents the title of the " Notorious I'uhler." In the spi'ingof 1883 our subject went to Ih'ainei'd and purchased the J)!spi(ich. but eight months later sold that journal and established a democratic paper in Duluth. which he ran for about a vear. At the ex- piration of that time he returned to Ada, and there instituted the Journal, a democratic newspaper, and occupied the editorial chair until June, 1887. This was the first paper PARK KECIOXS OF sMlNXF.SOTA'. 249 of tlie deinocratio persuasion in tliis pai't of tlie State, that political ])arty being niiicli in the minority, hut soon had a good circulation and advertising list. In June, 1SS7, Mr. Puhler disposed of the good-will of the Journal to the Index, and removed the ma- terial to Fertile, where he now publishes a paper of the same political complexion. Mr. Puhler was appointed postmaster at Ada in Xovemlier, ISSG, and now fills that important jiosition, and is highly popular and efficient in the discharge of his tluties. Mr. Puhler was married April 15, 1878, at Minneapolis, to Miss Emma J. Brown, and thev have one daughter, Grace, aged seven years. "4—— -*«: ^S OPHUS N. MILLER is one of the repre- '^^' sentative citizens of Alexandria, Doug- las county, Minnesota, and has an extensive business in real estate, loans and insurance. Mr. Miller is a native of Norway, born in 1843, and a son of Prosper P. and Sophia (Bent) Miller. His parents were natives of Germany, but while yet in early life they re- moved to Norway, where the father worked at the coo]ier's trade. In 1855 he came to America, but remained only a shoi't time, re- turning to Norway, where he remained until his death, which occurred in 1860; the moth- er died in 1854. They had a familv of five children, four of whom are now living — Fredericli, Dinah, Torval and Sophus N., whose name appears at the head of this sketch. The educational advantages in the part of Norway where the subject of our sketch spent his early years were of such excellent character that he received a fine schooling. At fourteen years of age a restless disposi- tion seized him, and he took ship and went on the ocean as a sailor, continuino- at this dui'- ing the larger part of one year. He then returned to terra finna^ixwA engaged as clerk in a hardware store, in which line he con- tinued for four years. In 1 8(53 lie migrated to America, settling in Cami)ridge,Wisconsin, where he followed railroading for some five months, after which he engaged in steam- boating on the Mississippi river for a short time. Next he went to Janesville, Wisconsin, Avhere for about four years he was clerk in a drug store; thence he went to North- lield, Minnesota. In 1808 he settled in Alexandria, Douglas county, this State, and engaged in the mercantile business, which he conducted until in 1870, when he sold out and opened his present prosperous agency. On coming to this county he took a home- stead in Urness township. He has ])urchased other lands until he has a fine farm of 300 acres under good cultivation and with ex- cellent improvements. Ml'. Miller was married in 186() to Julia E. Thompson, a native of Norway. This union has been blessed with three children — Minnie E., Carrie S. and Charles E. In 1877 death invaded the sacred ]irecincts of the family and carried awaj' the beloved wife and mother. She died at her home in Alex- andria. She was a member of the Lutheran church. Mr. Millers business and social relations in Alexandria are of the highest character. He has always been interested in the growth and prosperity of the city and county, and has held many positions of trust. In 1875 he was a]ipointed ]iostniaster of the city, which position he held for nine years. He has been clerk of the school ijoard for nine years. In politics he is a sujiporter of the republican party ; is a member of the Ma- sonic and Odd Fellows fraternities, and is also a member of the Lutheran church. lie built the first good dwelling in the city, and now lives in a fine residence just outside the citv limits, on the banks of Lake Winona. 250 RED RIVER VALLEY A.VD Mr. Miller is the local representative of companies of gigantic capital, and by his careful and judicious uianageuicnt has built up for them and for himself a business of large proportions. He is agent for the following companies: The Amer- ican Freehold Land and Mortgage Company, of London, England, capital, Sii.OOO.OOO ; the Scottish American Mortgage Company, of Edinburgh, Scotland ; and the Land, Mortgage and Investment Agency Com- pany, of America, headquarters at London, England, capital, !?5.000.00rt. For these companies he is the sole agent for what is poiMilarly known its the Park Regions of ^linnesota. For the })ast fifteen years he has been agent for the('orl)in Banking Com- pany of Xew York City, and during this time has done for them a business of si. .500,- 000. So careful and conservative lias he been in the management of this company's business that they do not own one foot of land taken tiirough his agency. -«- JTOHN HANSON, wheat buyer and also a jbJ Miember of the firm of Larsen, Peterson & Co., the heaviest dealers in general mer- chandise at Brandon, Douglas county, Min- nesota, is a good representative of the best class of business men in the Park Kegions. He was born in Norway, and therefore comes of the same nationality which forms such a heavy })roportion of Minnesota's citi- zens, and a race proverljial for their thrift, enterjirise and economy. John Hanson was born in "Wardal, ChristianiaStift, Norway, on the IStli of November, 1835. and is a son of Hans and Maria Peterson. The father was a farmer. He lived and died in his native land. The parents had a family of four children — Peter, John, Anna and Petro. John Hanson spent his boyhood days and received his education in the place of his birth, attending school until he was sixteen years of age. Then for two years he helped his father on the farm, and at the expiration of that time was emjiloyed by a clergyman to care for his horses, etc., and retained this position for three years. He then decided to come to the New World, and accordingly, on April 20, 18.t7, he sailed from Christiania for the United States, arriving on the 2i)th of the following May. He made his way to La Crosse, and for six or seven years worked upon a farm during the summer months and in the pineries during the winters. At the expiration of that time he rented a farm, which he carried on for a few years. In 1866 he came to Douglas county, Minnesota, and bought a homestead right on land in Moe township, and there resumed his farm- ing operations. He secured 280 acres, where he devoted liis time to general farminir for o fry about seventeen }'ears. In ISSl. while still on the farm, he bought an interest in the general merchandise business, which is still carried on under the tirm name of Larsen, Peterson ic Co., and he still owns a one- third interest in the business. In 1887 he commenced buying Avheat for the Minneap- olis ik Northern Elevator Company at Bran- don, and still continues in that line. He has also taken a ])roininont ]iart in various jmblic enterj)rises. He holds an interest in the mill company, and lor one year was treasurer of the corporation. He was also treasurer of Brandon village for one year. Mr. Hanson was married in 1862 to Miss Matilda Peterson. The family are active and exemplary members of the Lutheran church. jl^jiOUiS FONTAINE, the senior member ¥^^ of the firm of Fontaine «k Angine, general dealers in dry goods, groceries, boots, shoes, hats, caps, ready-made clothing, car- pets, etc., in the city of Crookston, Minne- sota, is one of the oldest, as well as one of the PAH/ir REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 251 most prominent and influential mercliants in the city, having established liimself there in the summer of 1878. His excellent business abilities, his energy of character and the sterling integrity of his personal character have won him his high place in the regard of the people of the communitv, and he is looked upon b\^ ail as one of the truly repre- sentative men of the place. Mr. Fontaine was born at St. Hyacinthe, in the province of Quebec, Canada, January 11, 1840, and is the son of Louis and Juistine (Martei) Fontaine. At the age of fourteen he left home and came to the United States to commence tiie l)attle of life on his own ac- count, and settled near St. Paul, Minnesota, lie labored on a farm in that vinicity until 1858, wlien lie removed to McLeod county, then just being settled, where he took up a claim and commenced agricultural pursuits for himself. He remained there until No- vember, 1801, when, the hand of ruthless traitors daring to assail the flag and govern- ment of his adopted country, and the tocsin of war pealing over the land, he enlisted in Company E, Fourth Minnesota Infantry. He was mustered in at Ft. Snelling, and with the regiment forwarded to the front, " where deetls of eternal fame were done," and gallantly ])erformed his jiart in all the " stricken lields '" where the '' Fourth" carried the victorious banner. At lukn, September 19, 1862; Corinth, October .3 and 4, 186.^; Jackson, June. 18C3; Fort Pember- ton, March, 1863; Champion Hill, May 1.5, 1863 ; in the charge on Duval's Bluff, the siege of Vicksburg, in 1863; Mission Kidge, November 2.5, 1863; Altoona, October 5, 1864, and throughout the grand march to the sea, under that matchless leader, AV. T. Sherman, he followed his colors undauntedly. On the expiration of his term of service he re-enlisted, oi', as it was termed, veteranized, and continued in the ranks until the close of hostilities, and participated in the grand re- view at "Washington, which terminated the services of the gallant armies of the Union. Discharged in Jul}', 1865, Mr. Fontaine returned to ]\rinnesota, arriving in St. Paul one morning at nine o'clock, and be- fore noon he had purchased the stock, fix- tures and good-will of a restaurant and saloon, and before nightfall had commenced business. He remained in that line of trade for three years with excellent financial re- sults, but at the end of that time sold out and entered into the general merchandise trade in that city, in whicli he continued some ten years. In the meantime he went to Mapleton, Cass county, Dakota, and there took up his soldier's homestead, which one year later he sold. In 1874, while on one of his trips to that place, he came to Crookston, by way of Grand Forks, and, from there over the country. Having been favorably impressed with the location and evident future prosperity of the village, Mr. Fontaine, in the summer of 1878 in company with William Angine, came to this point and purchased the stock and busi- ness of W. D. Bailey, a dealer in general merchandise. Leaving his ])ai'tner in charge, Mr. Fontaine hurried back to St. Paul to close u]) his business there, and returned to Crookston in the following September, since which time he has been closely connected with the interests of the city. The store which they at first occupied was a rough log one, but it was on a par with the two others, there being only three in the place. Not a street was cut out of the timber that then covered the site of the town, nor any improvements, to speak of, made. For two years business was carried on in their primitive store, at the enil of which tiiey erected the brick building now occupied as their grocery department. Since then they have added two more rooms to their establishment, thus having three fronts. Each of their departments is filled with a 252 /■/;/) KIl-KR VALLEY A XV varied and full stock of goods in their par- ticular lino, the wliole stock invoicing in the neighboriiood of §i75,000, and the firm, such is their business, are compelled to have the assistance of ten clerks to attend to their numerous customers. In 1882 the firm put in a large stock of farm machinery, hut the extent of their otlier business being too great to give it tlie attention necessary, that branch was aljandoned. Tiiey have, how- ever, a lialf interest in a general merchan- dise store at Argyle, Marshall county, which is doing an extensive trade. Mr. Fontaine is a consistent Christian gen- tleman, a member of the church and presi- dent of St. John's Baptist society, and no one is more highly spoken of either in busi- ness or social circles. He was united in mar- riage, September 12, 1865, with Miss Rosie Troml)ley, a native of Kankakee, Illinois, and daughter of Mitciieile Troinbley. By this union their home has been gladdened by the birth of six children, of which the fol- lowing are the names — George, Armen, Yic- toi'. Alijert, Blanche and Aimer. fDHN A. NELSON, tlie cashier of the Barnesviile State Bank, is a native of Sweden, and springs from a race proverbial foi' tiieir thi'ift, industry and economy. lie was boin in 1850, and remained in. his native land, attending the schools of that country until in ills sixteenth year, wlien, in 187:2, he emigrated to tlie United States, and after landing settled near Litchfield, Minnesota, wliere he worked in a general store and at- tended school. After four years, or in 1876, he commenced to learn telegraphy, and shortly thereafter went into the employ of the D. M. Oslforne Machine Com])any, and remained with them for eleven years, work- ing his way up from telegraph operator to assistant general numagcr. Durinu- live years of that period Mr. Nelson had his headtpiarters in Chicago, Illinois, and the remaining six in Minneapolis, Minnesota. During his employment with this comjiany, Mr. Nelson had Ijecn investing his money in the Northwest, in mortgages, loans, etc.. and in the summer of 1885 he. in company with Messrs. F. E. Kenaston and E. (i. A'alentinc, established the Wilkin County Bank, in Breckenridge, Wilkin county. IMinnesota, and in May, 1888, removed to Barnesviile and opened up the Barnesviile State Bank, with a capital of $25,000. The officers of the bank are F. E. Kenaston, of Breckenridge, Minnesota, president; Howard De Mott, of Minneapolis, Minnesota, vice-president, and Mr. Nelson, the subject of this article, cashier. Mr. Nelson holds a good share of the stock in the Wilkin County Bank, as well as in the bank at Barnesviile, besides mort- gages and real estate at different places in Dakota. The Barnesviile State Bank is in- coi'])orated under the State laws, and trans- acts a general banking business. They buy and sell school and municipal bonds, domes- tic and foreign exchange and commercial paper. They pay special attention in nego- tiating first mortgage farm loans, and act as agents for non-residents in buying, selling or renting lands. The directors of the bank are Messrs. Kenaston, Nelson, De Mott, Modi- sette and A'alentine. ]\Ii'. Nelson is a re])ub- lican in political matters, a member of the Knights of Pythias, and an active par- ticipant in iill movements of a local nature. i^ARL THRONSEN, a prominent and ^^y thrifty agriculturist of the famous Red River and Park Regions, resides on his beautiful farm home on section 13. Erdahl township, Grant county, Minnesota, lie is a native bf Norway, boiMi on the 17th of June, 18-12, aiul is the son (jf Tliron and In- PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 253 ger (Halverson) Thronsen, n.atives of Nor- way. Tlie\' were farmers in tlie Old World, and both died in their native land. They were tiie i>arents of tlie following named children — Peter, Ilalvor, Thron and Carl. Carl Thronsen. of whom this biography treats, received his education in his native land and attended scliool until he had reached the age of fourteen years. At that period in life he entered an apjirenticeshi]) to the shoemaker's trade, and, after learning his trade, followed that occupation until he emigrated to the United States. In 1S6S he started tor the United States, and after a voy- age of seven weeks, landed at Quebec, Canada. From this point he went to Hudson, St. Croix county, Wisconsin, where lie remained one year, engaged in fanning. He then re- moved to Douglas county, Minnesota, where he spent the winter, and in the following year went to Grant county, Minnesota. As soon as he entered the county, he home- steaded 1<''0 acres of land in Erdahl town- ship, on section 13, where he has since re- mained, engaged in a general farming ami stock business. He now owns over ;3()t> acres of well im])i'oved land, and has one of the most desirable farms in that section of the country. Mr. Thronsen was married ifay S, 1S67, to Miss Anna Thorsen, and this union lias been blesseil with the followinij named chil- dren — Thron, Inguil, Chrislian, Otto, Emil, Alma, Thora, Hans, Cari'ie and Anna (twins) and Hjalmar. i^Irs. Thronsen is a native of Norway, born on the 23d of August, 18il. Mr. Thronsen and family belong to the Lutheran church, of which he has been trustee. He has held the following offices in the townshij) : assessor, supervisor, school treasurer, also school clerk. He is a repre- sentative man of the county, and is highly esteemed by all who l^ear his acquaintance. He is a republican in ])olitics, and takes an active part in all pul)lic movements. ^M UGUST SVANSON, a prominent car- ^i'SlL riage manufacturer and blacksmith of tlie village of Herman, Grant county, Minne- sota, is a native of Sweden, l)orn June 1, 1848. He is a son of Israel and Anna (Ilak- ason) Svanson,also natives of that kingdom. The father of our subject, who was a farmer, died in 1886, and the mother is still living. They are the parents of the following named children — John. August. Peter, Otto, Tilda, Helena and Edith. The parents were de- voted members of the Luthei'an church. John died in Wisconsin. Pie emigrated to the United States in 1863, and lirst settled in lied Wing, Minnesota, and from there went to Wisconsin. Mr. Svanson, the subject of this article, spent his school-days in the land of his birth, leaving the school-room at the age of twelve years. At the age of fifteen he entered an apprenticeship to the carpenter's trade, and completed his trade at the age of twenty. He then commenced the wagon-maker's trade, and followed the same for one year. At the expiration of that time, in 1871, he emi- grated to the United States, and in July, after a voyage of twelve days, landed at New York (^ity. He then went to IJed Wing, Minnesota, where he engaged in wagon- making for seven years. Mr. Svanson then went to Pierce county, Wisconsin, where he remained a vear or two engaged in farmino: and stock-raising. He then sold his faim and moved to Grant county, Minnesota, and engaged in cai-]ientering. Soon afterward he homesteaded 16(i acres in the township of Monson, where lie lived five years, engaged in farming. He then rented his farm and removed to Herman village, where he en- gaged in the carriage-making trade and blacksniithing, which he has since followed. He is one of the best carriage makers in the county, and his handiwork compares favor- ably with any in the State. His is the only establishment in the village, and he is doing 254 RED RIVER VALLEY AKD a big business. He is a republican in his political aHiliations. and tako.s an active in- terest in all local matters. He is a represen- tative man of liis i-esidence village, and one of the most enterprising business men. He is a man of jionor and integrity, and is highly esteemed ijy all who know him. He is a sympathizer with the doctrines of the Lutheran oliiii'cii. ••*^?^fe""*-- John M. WESTBERG, of the firm of f^ Lisher ct Westi)erg, proprietors of the meat market in East Grand Forks, Polk countv, Minnesota, is a native of Sweden. He was born in Malen on the 16th dav of September, 1863, and is the son of Martin and Ellen (Paulson) Westberg, natives also of the kingdom of Sweden. Mr. Westberg, the subject of this sketch, remained at the home fai'inand attended the common schools of his native land until he lia ■ •S^f^-'»— 11^ EINERT AANENSON, a successful and Jj-OV' enlei'prisiug- farmer of the town of Evansville, Douglas county, Minnesota, is a resident of section 3. He is a native of Korway, born October 7, 1827, and is a son of Aanenson Jestsen, a native of that king- dom. The father and motiier, who are still living, are the parents of twelve children. The suliject of this article received his education in his native land, and came to this country in ISoo, landing in (Quebec. Can- ada, alter a voyage of seven weeks. From Quebec he wcjit to Manitowoc, "Wisconsin, remaining there on a farm tor two years, lie then sold the farm which he had pur- chased when he first settled there, and mctvcd to Ivansas. Mr. Aanenson was there en- ijaged in the real estate business for two years. He tluMi went to California, via Pike's Peak. For the next eight years he was engaged in mining in that State, and at the exjiiration of that time paid a visit to his native land, Norway, remaining there for five years. On ins return to the United States he stayed in Chicago for one month, and, after traveling through Iowa and Min- nesota, settled in Douglas county, Minne- sota, on his present place of residence. At the time of his settlement, in 18<1'.». he paid $1,200 for a homestead right, and has since improvetl and cultivated the ])lace. Mr. Aanenson was united in marriage in 18f)9, to Miss Amanda Tolexson, who died in 18(1'.'. Mr. Aanenson was marri(>d to his second wife, Miss Synneve,in 1871. and they have been blessed with four cliildren — Amanda, Otto, Theodore and Fridthjuf. Our subject and his family are members of the Lutheran church, of which organization he is a ti'ustee. ifr. Aanenson has held the following offices in his town : Supervisor, three years; school director, three years; roadniaster', etc. lie is '.ne of the solid and substantial farmers of Douglas county, a representative man of his township, and takes an active interest in all ]iulilicand etlu- cational matters. W^i is an adherent to the principles of the democratic party. JOSEPH GUNN. Prominent among the ^ editors and publishers in the famous lied Iliver and Park Ilegions is the gentle- man whose name heads this article, the pro- prietor of the Wilkbi County GazeiU. pub- lished at Preckenridge, AVilkin county. Min- nesota. Mr. (Tiiiin is also engaged in the drug business and fanning, and has I'esided at that place since 18s,". He is a native of Canada, hoin on the 14th day of August, 1857, at Ernestown. in the county of Len- nox and Addington, Province of Ontario, and is the son of Samuel E. and Lucinda (Rea) (■iunn, natives, also, of Canada. The father of the present subject was engaged in agri- cultural ])ursuits in his native country, and passed away in 1881. The mother is now living in Chicago, Illinois, to where she re- moved in 1882. They were the parents of the following named children — Samuel A., Rhoda, now Mrs. Frank Fitch ; Anna, the wife of W. II. Collins; Elizabeth, who is married to ^fi'. J. E. Donahue; Joseph, and Emma, who was united in marriage to C.N. Smith. The parents were devoted members of the Episcopal church, and highly esteemed in the locality in which they lived. Joseph (iunn, of whom this articl(> treats, spent his younger days in his nati\(' land, at- tending the common schocjls and assisting on the home farm dunny the summers. He re- PA A' A- A'EG/O.VS OF MhVNESOTA. 257 ceived a practical high school education, and, at tiie age of sixteen years, left the school- room, and engaged in the telegraphy busi- ness, and continued in tiiat vocation until 1884-. During tliis time lie was employed in the Dominion and in tiie States, and, at the time mentioned, opened uji his present busi- ness, in partnersiiip with George F. Cook, now connected witli the Ereckenridge Echo. They continued in business for two years, and, at the expiration of that time, our sub- ject purchased Mr. Cook's interest, and has since operated the paper. In 1887 he opened liis ilrug store, with Dr. W. E. Truax, whose sketcli will be found in another part of this Album. On the 1st day of September, 1888, Ml', (xunn bought out the interest of Dr. Truax, and has since conducted the business alone. He carries a full line of goods, and is doing a successful business. He controls considerai)le real estate in the way of farm lanils and town lots, is one of the most prom- inent linsiness men in the place, and conducts one of the ablest and best edited jmpers in that section of tlie State. Mr. Gunn was married on the 4th day of August, 1888, to Miss Mamie Aunian, the daughter of W. H, Auman, of Eeading, Pennsylvania. Mr. Gunn is one of the rep- resentative citizens of AVilkin county, and takes an active interest in all matters per- taining to the growth and advancement of the county or State. In jiolitical matters he is a stanch republican, and took an active part in the general election of 1888. The Red liiver Vallev would be ji'reatlv benetited if it had a larger number of citizens like Mr. Gunn. -«— t^\ VEN JORGENSON. Among the prom- \1^ inent and influential members of the tinning community of the Red River and Park Regions of Minnesota, is the gentleman whose name heads this article, a resident of section 0, Sanford township. Grant county. He is a native of Norway and springs from a race proverbial for their industry, thrift, and frugality. He was born on the 17th of November, 1841, and is a son of Jorgen and Aaste (Joi-genson) Olson, natives of Norway. The parents sjient their entire lives in the land of their birth and were en- gaged in agricultural pursuits. They were the parents of eight children, six bo3's and two girls, all of whom grew to manhood and womanhood. Mr. Jorgenson, the subject of this bio- graphical sketch, spent his sciiooldays in the land of his birth and attended the ' excellent common schools of his native land until he had reached the age of fifteen years. He then helped his father operate the home farm until he had reached the age of twenty- one years. In the month of May, 1865, he emigrated to the United States, and after a voyage of six weeks, landed at (,^)uebee, Can- ada, and soon after landing went to Winona county. Minnesota. From there he went to Fillmore county, Minnesota, and after re- maining there one year, removed to Dunn county, Wisconsin. He remained in that locality for two years, engaged in the pin- eries and in a saw mill. Mr. Joi'genson then returned to Minnesota, remaining in Good- hue county for several years, engaged in farming. He then went to Grant county, Minnesota, and settled in Pomme de Terre township, homesteading 160 acres of land, and resided thei'e three \'ears, engaged in agricultural pursuits, also handling considera- l)le stock. He then removed to Sanford town- ship, of the same county, and settled on sec- tion t>, where he bought 160 acres of land and there engaged extensively in general farm- ing and stock-raising operations. He was one of the first settlers in the county and is held in high esteem. In the fall of 1888 Mr. Jor- genson removed to the village of Elbow Lake, where he carries on a general livery business and is also village marshal. 258 ]arty. His family are devoted memlters of the Ea])tist church. Mr. Ears- ley is a member of tiie Masonic fraternity. ^LLIAM H. CROWE, a prominent and respected citizen of the village of Osakis, Douglas county, Minnesota, is en- gaged in the machinery business at that place. He is a native of Ohio, born in Columbus on the 15th of April, 1836, and is the son of William and Elizabeth (Loche) Crowe, natives of Virginia, both born near Richmond. The father of our subject was a miller b}' trade, and lived for many years in Ohio. He then removed to the State of Indiana. In 1857 he went to Dakota county, ]\Iinnesota, where he lived tlie re- mainder of his life. He died in 1858 at the age of fifty-eight years. The mother of our subject passed away in 1874 at the age of seventy-one years. They were devoted members of the Methodist Episcopal church, of wliich the father was class leader for over twenty-live 3'ears. The_y were the parents of the following named children — Elnore, Lewis, Henreitte, liebecca, Edwin, William, Olliver, John and Elmer. Mr. Crowe, the subject of this article, re- ceived his education principally in Indiana, and finished in Dakota county, Minnesota. He acquired his knowledge more ])y his own efforts than anything else, and his school attendance'summeil up but little. June 3, 1855, he landeil at Minnetonka, Minnesota. In 1857 he took a trip overland with an ox team to the Red River, for the purpose of lay- ingout a town site. He started from Hastings and went as far as the mouth of the Wild Rice river. In 1859 he returned to Indiana, where he remained one 3'ear. In the fall of 18fiO he returned to Minnesota and worked in the pineries until June, 1861. On the 20th of December, 1863, he enlisted in the Second Minnesota Cavalry, and served until December 4, 1865, wlien he jvas honorably discharged at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. After his discliarge Mr. Crowe went to Osakis, Douglas county, Minnesota, settled, and has since made it his home. He was one of the first settlers in the village, and in 1867 he took a homestead in Gorden, now Leslie township, and continued to reside upon his fai'm for six years. After leaving the farm he removed to the village of Osakis and engaged in the wagon-making trade, which he has since followed. Mr. Crowe was married June 29, 1873, to Miss Oliva M. Haskines, a native of New York, and the daugliter of H. B. Haskines. She removed to Minnesota when three years old, and has since resided in that State. Mr. and Mrs. Ci'owe are the parents of the following nameil children — Alta L., Mabel E. and Byron L. Mr. Crowe held the offices of town clerk, surveyor, recoi-der of the village (twelve years), and director of the school district. He is a republican in poli- tics, and is at present one of the county commissioners of Douglas county. He is a member of the Masonic order, and is Master of the lodge at Osakis. He is one of tlie prominent citizens of the count\', and a man highly esteemed by all who know him. 266 KED Kn'ER VALLEY AND /^LARENCE J. FISHER, the subject '^y of tliis biograpliical sketch, is the efficient and accommodating station agent at Brcclcenridge, AVilkin county. Minnesota, and is also tlie agent tor the American Ex- press Company at that place. He is a na- tive of A'ermont, born in Kuthmd. TJutland county, on the 3d day of June, 184'J, and is tlie son of James W. and Susan A. (Sliippee) Fisiier, natives of Vermont. Tiie father is now in the l)nikiing inspector's office in St. Paul, Minnesota, and in his early days was a merchant in Rutland, Vermont. In 1856 he removed to Illinois, and settled in Lawrence. McIIenry county. He there en- gaged in general merchandising, and in 1866 or 1867 rt'inoved to Minnesota, setth'ng at St. Paul, lie was engaged in purchasing- fur for the fur house of Adolph Bostowich, ofCiiicago, New York and London. He later bought fur in tiie Xorthwestern Teri'i- tory, and was located at Fort Qu' Api)elle, doing an extensive trade with the Indians. Tlie father and mother of our subject were the parents of the following named children — Edward AY., telegraph operator at Wahpe- ton, Dakota Territory; Jessie, and Clarence, the subject of this article. Clarence Fisher spent his boyhood in his native State, and early in life removed with his parents to Illinois, where he attended the academy at Lawrence. lie then attended E.astman's College for a time, and then en- tered the Byrant & Stratton Business Col- lege. In 1867 he graduated with high hon- ors from this institution. Prior to this he had tak(Mi a trip from Lawrence, Illinois, overland to Denver, Colorado. At Fre- mont. Nebraska, he met a. great many jieo- ple returning, and deciiled to do so liimseU'. He was on the road fi-om the '22il of May, 166.^, until the .">th of June of the same year, and went as far as Black Llawk, Colorado, and there remained with his father, who was en- gaged in different branches of business. After remaining there a short time, he returned to the States and settled in Illinois, attend- ing the business college. After his gradua- tion he took a course in telegrajihy at the same college in Chicago, Illinois. He hn- ished his course at Oak Park, twelve miles from Chicago, on the Chicago A; North west- eiMi liailroad, remaining there three months. j He was sent to Nevada, Iowa, at the expira- tion of the time mentioned, where he was- employed as night opei'ator. He remained but a short time in that place, and was then [ employed as extra operator on the Wiscon- sin division of the Northwestern road, and worked at the following places : Juneau, Wisconsin; Minnesota Jimction, AYisconsin; A]i]Jeton, Wisconsin; Ci-ystal Lake, Illinois; Palestine, Illinois: and Bari'ington. Illinois. In 1S6U he movetl to St. Paul, Alinnesota, and took a rest of a month to regain his health, and was then enii)loved bv the Pacific it Atlantic Telegraph Company, and took charge of the Merchant's Hotel tele- graph office in St. Paul, anil held the position one month. At the expiration of that time he removed to Smith Lake, on the old St. Paul ct Pacific Railroail, and remained si.x months as agent ami operator. At the expi- ration of the time mentioned he removed to Delano, Minnesota, where he was assistant agent and operator for a short time. Mr. i Fisher next went to Dassel, where he re- mained six weeks. In 1S70 he settled at Benson, ^Minnesota, where he remained un- til August, and then went to Alorris, remain- ing several years as agent. On the first day of October. 1882, he went to ISreck-enridge, Wilkin county. ^linnesota, and has since re- sided there, employed as station agent. He is also the agent for the American Express Company. Air. Fisher was united in marriage on the 11th day of January, 1888, to ]\Ii.ss Flora Ilorton, a native of Gilbertsville, New York, and the daughter of C. II. Ilorton, a prom- PARK KF.GIOXS OF MINNESOTA. 267 inent merchant of tliat place. Mrs. Fisher is a woman of more than ordinary ability and education, and is possessed of a tine mnsical talent. Slie was engaged as a teacher of music foi' ii number of years, and is a lady liiglilv esteemeil by all who know her. Mr. Fisher owns property in the village of Mor- ris, and has sixteen men under his eonti'ol in Breckeni'idge, Minnesota. While in Morris he held the office of town clerk for three years, also county surveyor for two years, and ])resident of the village council two years. While in Breckenridge he has held the office of a member of the village coun- cil. He is are]iublican and a member of the United Workmen, also chief of the Good •Templars lodge located at tliat ])lace. He is a representative man of the village, and, although not an old settler, holds the i-espect and esteem of all his acquaintances, and is recognized as one of the most capable and thorough business men in the western part of the State. -*"S^^"» P^^CHRISTIAN WIDENHOEFER, a success- '^y ful business man of Polk county, Minnesota, is engaged in the jewelry busi- ness in the village of Fisher. He is a native of Germany, l)orn in Wurtemberg, on the 26th day of December, ISGO, and is the son of Jacob and Catharine (Burr) Widenhoefer, also natives of that kingdom. In 1873 the parents emigrated to the United States and located in Beaver Bay, Minnesota, where they remained five years. In 1S78 they re- moved to Polk county, Minnesota, where they took a homestead in the fall of 1879. They have since resided in Polk county, and are among the successful farmers in the township in which they live. They are the parents of the following named children — liarbara, Carl, William, Mary, (Christian, Willielmine and Jacoi). Christian Widenhoefer, the subject of this biographical review, remained in his native land, attending the excellent common schools of that country until he had attained the age of thirteen years. At that period in life he emigrated to the United States with his parents, and after landing removed to the State of Minnesota. The parents settled in Beaver Bay, Minnesota, and our subject removed to the State of Michigan, where he entered an apprenticeship to the jeweler's trade. After learning his trade, Mr. Widenhoefer removed to Minnesota, and located in Polk county. He settled on his father's farm, and for one year assisted his father. In 1881 the subject of this article removed to the village of Fisher, Polk county, Minnesota, where he located and established his present jewelry store. He carries a full line of goods, watches, clocks, jewelry, etc., and has the most complete stock of goods in the village. He is doing a good business, both in repairing and sale, and is prepared to do all lines of woi'k in the trade promptly and satisfactorily. Mr. Widenhoefer was united in marriage on the lf>th day of April, 1SS5, in the village of Fisher, to Miss Minnie Kadi, the daughter of Frederick and Anna Radi, natives of northern Germany. In political matters the subject of this article is a stanch re- ])ublican, and takes an active interest in all local matters. He is one of the esteemed business men of the village, and is ]iromi- nentlv identified with all movements calcu- lated to benefit either town or county. ^IaMUEL TORGERSON, the superin- '^O tendent of public schools for Clay county, Minnesota, deserves special mention as one of the county officials. He is a native of AVisconsin, born June IS, 1856, in St. Lawrence township, Waupaca county, of 268 KED A'/VEA- I ALLEY A. YD that State. II is parents were Samuel and Martha (Ilennanson) Torgerson, both na- tives of Norway. They came to America in 1850 and settled in Waupaca county, where they prei'mptcd ]2ti acres of land. During the war for tlie laiion the father enlisted in Company I of the Forty-fourth Wisconsin A'olunteers. He served about a year, was taken sick and tlnaily lionorably disciiargod. lie came iionie and died within tiiree weeks, leaving a wife and four children — Samuel, llei'inan, Emma and Gunder. The mother still remains upon the old homestead in Wisconsin. Our subject, Samuel. si)ent his younger days in school in Wisconsin. At the age of sixteen years he engaged as a clerk in a country store, where he remained for a year and a half and then spent a winter in the high schools of Waupaca. Upon leav- ing there he taught in the schools at Xew Hope, Portage county, AYisconsin, for a year. He next entered the normal .school at Oshkosh, Wisconsin, taking a year's course. From the normal he spent another year at teaching, and then, as if endowed with a new ambition and tliirst for knowl- edge, he entered the Stale I' ni versify of Wisconsin, where he renuiined for two years; he then put in another year at teaching, in order to meet expenses, and at the same time develo[) his mind in a symmetrical manner. He then went into the normal school, and after a short time graduated from the ele- mentary course. His next work was that of principal of the North Side high .schools at New London, Wisconsin, which position he filled until the autumn of 1SS2, when he came to Ada, Norman county, Minnesota. He spent some time in looking over the ter- ritory before selecting a location, but finally drop])ed into Mooi-head. where he accepted a place in the law ofhce of (). ilosness. He read law here for a few months and then taught school a vear at Kraaties. Clav couiitv. The same year, 1 8S4-, he was elected to liis present honorable position. which he has filled with unusual satisfaction to his constituents. Our subject was married, in 1887, to Miss Jannie E. Anderson, daughter of James An- derson, of Fullerton, Ontario, Canada. Politically he affiliates with the demo- cratic party, and believes in tariH' re- form. Socially no one stands higher than our subject. Heisa worthy memlier of the Kniglits of Pythias, and l)oth himself and wife are exemplary members of the Presby- terian church. As one reviews th(> early life and careful training, both in and out of school, that their worthy official had, one can readily understand how it has come about that he is so well suited for the office he has so long and fitlv lield. «»>. >^LeNRY WILLIAM BARKER, tlie propri- -IrdL etor of the Barker House, in Elbow Lake, and also enffajred in the driii;' busi- ness in that village in Grant county, ^linne- sota, is a native of Wisconsin. He was born at Leon, Monroe county, Wisconsin, March IS, 1860, and is the son of Pobertand Emily (Kamseyj Parkei-, natives of England. The parents came to the United States in about 1853, and settled in Janesville, Wisconsin, where they remained for a short time, going from there to Leon, Wisconsin, where they resided for about thirteen years. The father \vas a cabinet-maker b}' trade, and followed his trade while in Janesville, but in Leon he followed farming for about thirteen years, and then went to Sparta and engaged in farming at Big Creek, Monroe county. He then moved to West Salem, La Crosse county, Wisconsin, where he followed farming for eight years. He next removed to Pai'kers Prairie, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, in isSl, where he also farmed. Tw(j vears PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 269 later, in 1SS3. he was accidentally sliot by a companion wiiile out Imnting. This sad event took place on the fitii of September, 1883. Tiie mother is still living at the age of si.xty-Hve years. Tliey are members in good standing of the Methodist Episcopal church, and were the parents of nine children, eight of whom are now living — John R., Peter li., Eobert, Louisa R., Emily R., Florence (deceased), Henry W., Frederick A., and Francis C. Mr. Barker, the subject of this biographi- cal sketch, spent his school da^'s principally in AVest Salem. La Crosse county, Wiscon- sin, and after attending scliool until he was twenty years of age, receiving a practical business education, went to Parker's Prairie, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. He there en^aired in school teaching for a short time. He then engaged as a civil engineer, and assisted in surveying the Fergus Falls & Black Hills Railroad, from Wadena west- ward to Wahpeton, Dakota Territory. After this Mr. Barker followed railroad con- tractinu- on the Fargo & Southwestern for one season. Fie then returned home on a visit, intending to return to Dakota. But owing: to the sickness and death of Mr. Henrv Aslen, a prominent merchant and a land- mark of Parker's Prairie, Minnesota, he was induced to take charge of his (Mr. Aslen's") general mei'chandise. He also succeeded ilr. Aslen as postmaster of Parker's Prairie. He remained in charge until the estate of Mr. Aslen was pi'obated and the administratrix was appointed. Mr. Barker then entered the profession of medicine, under Dr. A. E. Henderson, a graduate of the Chicago College of Homoeopathy. After remaining with l^r. Henderson for two or- three years Mr. Barker started in the drug business for himself at Osakis, Douglas county, Minne- sota, but in a few months was burned out. In February. 1887, he removed to Elbow Lake, (irant countv, Minnesota, and estab- lished his present di'ug lousiness. On the 1-tth of May, ISSS, Air. P>arker opened the hotel which bears his name, and which he has since successfullv operated. Mr. Barker was married in November, 18S4-, to Frances M. AIcMahan. She. by a former marriage, was the mother of one child. Pearl. Mrs. Barker is a native of Wisconsin, and is the daughter of a promi- nent merchant in Parker's Prairie. Minnesota. Mr. Barker is one of the representative men of his town and county, highly esteemed by all who know him, and a man of the utmost integrity and honor. He takes an active interest in all public and educational matters, anil is an adherent to the pi'inciples of the I'ejniblican party. #EORGE L. TREAT, attorney and counselor-at-law, resides in Alexan- dria, Minnesota. He is a native of Rock county, Wisconsin, born at Janesville on November 1-1, 1S59. He is the son of Hiram F. and Pamelia (Sims) Treat, who were natives of New York. His father was for many years engaged in the clothing busi- ness in Boonville, New York, coming to Wisconsin in 1857 or 18.58. He remained in that city until 18G1, when he came to the old town of St. Anthony, Minnesota. He died October 2. 1876. The mother is now a resiacon and su])erin- tendent of the Congregational Sabbath- school. Ml'. Treat is one of the rising law- yers of the Northwest, and stands at the head of his profession in Douglas county. ^^- jlaOREN L. BREWSTER, one of the J^Msi most prominent and influential mem- bers of the farminji' communitv of the fa- mous Park Regions of Minnesota, is a resident of section 8, Elbow Lake township, Grant countv. lie is a native of Maine, born in Franklin county, on the 25th day of Septem- ber, 184-1-. and is the son of Stephen and Mai-y flilanchard) Prewster, natives of Maine. They came "West in 1857, and set- tled in Wisconsin, where they remained three years, engaged in farming. They then, in ISfiO, removed to Winona county, ]\Iinne- sota, where they have since i-emained. They are the pai-ents of the following named chil- dren — Lonm, Nancy. Maria, James, Morris. Malissa, Stephen, Mary, Myrtha, Eugene and Delia. Loren L. Prewster, the subject of this biograi)liical sketch, received his eai'lier edu- cation in Maine and Wisconsin, and [inished in Minnesota. He remained in his native State until thirteen years okl. at which period in life he removed to Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin, with his jiarents, anil remained in that county until he was sixteen years of age, and then came with the family to Winona county, Minnesota, where he com- pleted his schooling. After completing his schooling he engaged in farming, and re- mained in that vocation for thirteen 3'ears. In 1878 Mr. Prewster moved from Winona county to Grant county, ^[innesota. Ikjuic- steaded a tract of land and at once began improvenu^nts, building a house, barn and other oiit-i)uililings, breaking the soil and generally improving the place. In about nine montlis he moved his I'aiuily to the new home, and has since resided there. He now owns a well-improved farm of 540 acres, and it is one of the most valuable farms in the county. He is an extensive farmer and stock-raiser, handling all grades of cattle, devoting a great deal of his attention to Short-horn cattle anil Norman and Prussian horses. Mr. Prewster was married on the 4th of July, 1865, to Miss Mary Cram, and this union has been blessed with the following named children — Byron, La Porset, Ellion, Horace, ilabel, Herbert ami Effie E. The PARK KEGIOXS OF MIXNESOTA. 271 wife of our subject is a native of New JIaini)siiire and was educated in Afinnesota, to where slie moved with hei" parents in 1S56. Her fatiier was ;i fanner, and died in 1872. Iler mother resides in Wasliington Territory. Mr. Brewster is a republican in his ]M)litical affiliations, and takes an active interest in all local and ])ul)lic affairs. lie has held tlie office of school treasurer, and. while in Winona county, supervisor, constable, school director, etc. He, with his family, belongs to the Methodist church, and he holds the office of steward of that organization. He is a man of the strictest honor and integrity, hiut their happy home was soon broken up, the death angel summoning away the beloved wife June 1, 1885, leaving one child, Luther J., but eighteen months old at the time, to a bereaved father's care. RISON T. ADAMS, assistant in the hardware store of Wells Brothers, in Herman, Grant count}', Minnesota, is a na- tive of Iowa, born in Manchester, on the 6th day of February, 1865, and is a son of Ira and Grace (Esterbrook) Adams, natives of Vermont and New York, respect- ively. The father and mother of our sub- ject were married in Dubuque, Iowa, and after their marriage located at Manchester, Iowa, where he (the father) engaged in the hardware business. He was educated af Rochester, New York. They are the par- ents of the following named children — Clara, Alfred, Orison. Elmer, Mary, Sarah, Grace and Bessie. Clara is the wife of a Mr. Fer- guson, located at Watei-loo, Iowa. The subject of this biographical review passed his younger days in his native State, attending the excellent common schools of the region in which he lived. He com]ileted his education at Cornell College at Mount A'ernon, Iowa, in the winter of 1882 and 1883. After com])leting his education, he secured a clerkship in a grocery store in Manchester. In two or three months he went to Minneapolis, Minnesota, and for the next eighteen months clerked in the hard- ware store of Miller Brothers. He then secured employment in a cornice shop, and after working a short time returned to Man- chester and Avas employed on the Manches- ter Democrat as book-keeper and local writer. In a few months he went to Elma, Iowa, and found employment in a tin shop. He remained in the tinner's trade for about three months and then removed to St. Paul, Minnesota. He there engaged as news agent on the Milwaukee railroad and soon after- ward entered a cornice shop, where he worked for several months. At the expira- tion of this time he went on the road for C. H. Shaffer, as news agent, and after some few months at this occupation went to Grant county, Minnesota. He located at 276 JiED A'/l'ER VALLEY AXD Herman, where he engaged in the hardware and t'urniture business. He then engaged as clerk in tlio hardware store of Wells Brothers, wliifh ])osition he has since tilled. Mr. Adams was united in marriage on the 17th of September. 1S88, to Miss Addie Dexter. The parents of ^Irs. Adams had the following namtni children — Addie, Ger- tie, Carrie, Ernest, Fred. Grace, May and Harry. Mrs. Adams is a native of Maine and was educated iu Nova Scotia. Slie went to Minneapolis with her parents in 188-i-. Her father is foreman of a saw mill in Minneapolis. Mr. Adams is one of the risine: men of his residence village and is highly esteemed by all who bear his ac- quaintance. He is an active member of Herman Lodge, No. 3, Independent Order of (lOod Tem])lars. . COOK, the efficient postmaster at Breckenridge, AVilkin county, Minnesota, anil editor and proprie- tor of the Breckenridge Echo, is also an attorney-at law. He was born in the beauti- ful city of Boston, Massachusetts, on the 3d day of Novembei', 185fi, and is a son of Major W. W. and Frances A. (Walker) Cook, also natives of that city. The father was in excellent circumstances, and lived a retired life iu his native State. He was promi- nently connected with the democratic party of Massachusetts, and in 1868 was a candi- date for State senator, and, although he ran ahead of his ticket, was defeated. He was an able and popular man, and received a commission of major in the Fifth New Hampshire Regiment. He enlisted at the commencement of the war, and was wounded at the battle of Fair Oaks, on account of which he was dischai'ged foi' disability. His father's gi'andfatlier was Isaac Cook, a manufacturer of the celebrated Isaac Cook ale, at Roxbury, Massachusetts. They were of English descent. The parents of our subject's mother were Samuel A. and Cecelia (Thayerj Walker, natives of Boston, Massa- chusetts. Samuel Walker was a real estate merchant at that place, and a strong temper- ance man, both in ]irinci|il(^ and pi'actice. They were of English descent. George F. Cook, the subjecit of this bio- graphical review, spent his younger days attenditi"- the academv at Derrv, New IIam])shii'e, and in 1869 attended the public school in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1873 he commenced attending the Allen lioarding School in West Newton, Massachusetts, and in 187;") started in at Harvard College, from which he graduated in 187i). For the next two years he attended the Boston Law School, and in 1881 paid a visit to the Old World, where he remained two years, visit- ing all places of note or interest on the Con- tinent and in England. During his sojourn in the Old World he attended the Universi- ties at Leipsic and llei(leli)erg, Gern)any. Mr. Cook retui-ned to the Fnited States m 1SS3, and at once removed to l\finuca])olis, iMimu'sota, where he remained a siiort time, and then went to Breckenridge, Wilkin county, Minnesota, where he has since re- sided. During the winter of 188-1 he tauglit school, and in the month of August of that year started the WUliin County (lazeite. In 1885 he was appointed postmaster, and at once sold his ])aper and devoted himself to his duties as such. In the following year 1886, he I'e-purchased his old paper, anti, after two years, again sold out and estab- lished his present paper, the Echo. During the fall of 1888 he was candidate for the office of county auditor, and went down with all the other candidates on the demo- cratic ticket. Mr. Cook was united in marriage in Dres- den, Germany, in 1883, to Miss Bertha Kum- mei", a Russian ladv, and the daughter of PARK A'EG/OXS OF AffJV.VF.SOTA. 277 General Julius Kuuimer, the general super- intendent of the musical director}' at St. Petersburg. He also held the rank of gen- eral in the Russian arm\^ Mrs. Cook is a graduate of the high schools in her native land, and a lady of wide learning and intel- ligence. Mr. Cook is a man of extensive travel, and is one of the representative and prominent citizens of tlie Red River Valley. He is a tiemocrat in politics, and has held the offices of school director, justice of the peace, etc. A man of intelligence and distinction, he deserves the credit and esteem whicli he receives. He is recognized as one of the most able and trenchant editorial writers in the western part of the State. — •«— OBERT NISBET. Prominent among IL'qV the most successful and thrifty farm- ers in tlie western part of Polk county, Minnesota, is Robert Nisbet, whose name heads tliis article, a resident of section 80, Nisbet township. He is one of the old set- tlers, and as he has always taken an active ])art in all matters of a public nature, his name is jtrominently identitied with the his- tory of the growth and development of this region. Mr. Xisbet was bora in Lanark county, Canada, on the 19th of August, 1853, and is a son of William and Christina (Lindsay) Nisbet. The jiarents, who were natives of Scotland, settled in Canada at an early day and were pioneers there, enduring many hardships and privations during pioneer times. Robert Nisbet spent his boyhood and received his education in Canada. He re- mained on the farm with his parents until the spring of 1870, when he learned the blacksmith's trade and followetl that voca- tion for six months. At the exj)ii"ition of that time, not liking the business, he (piit it and went to Winona countv, Minnesota. For three N'ears he worked for fai'mers in the summer, and in the winters worketl at lum- bering in the woods of Wisconsin. Then, in the spring of 187-1, he came to Polk county, Minnesota, and bought " half-breed script," with which he purchased his land, therebj' savins: SI 00. He has since made this his home and now owns 300 acres of excellent land, a good share of which is under a high state of cultivation; 130 acres of the land is located on section 30, Nisbet township, and the balance on section 25, Iluntsville. He has one of the finest residences in tlie west- ern part of Polk county, and, as a whole, his building improvements are a credit to the locality in which they are situated. Mr. Nisbet carries on farming extensively, and also, during the proper season, runs a steam thresher. At other seasons of the year he uses his engine to grind feed for himself and neighbors. Mr. Nisbet was married lirst on the 8th of May, 1878, in Canada, to Margaret Furger- son, a daughter of Duncan and Violet (Mc- Dougalj Furgerson. The marriage was blessed with one child, named Robert D., and the mother died when the child was about two weeks old. Mr. Nisbet sent the child to its grandparents in Canada, where it still remains. Mr. Nisbet's second marriage occurred March 12, 1888, when he was wedded to Miss Christina Geddes, a daughter of Daniel and Agnes (Furgerson) Gedtles. -.^^ JM^ALVOR RASMUSSON, who will J^X form the subject of the following sketch, is the present clerk of court for Clay county, Minnesota, and is one of the most |)rominent citizens of Moorhead. He was born September 20, 1841, in Nor- way ; his parents were Pasmus and Annie (Ilalverson) Rasmusson, iti>th natives of Nor- 278 RED KIVER VALLEY Ai\D way. They left the home of their nativity in 1866 and sailed for America, landing at Quebec, Canada, and from that section came to Winona, Minnesota, where they engaged in farnjing until 1874. This family liad six children — Halvor, Signe (Mrs. Kice), Annie (Mrs. Dr. K. IIoegh\ and Kriste (Mrs. (). 0. Hals). The parents were devoted and exemplary members of the common church of all who come to this country from Norway, the Lutheran. Halvor, our suliject, was reared to farm labor and received a good common school training in his native country. He came to America in 1861, witii the view of making this land his future home. lie settled in Kilbourric City, Wisconsin, where he engaged in teacliing for a year and then entered the general store of J. E. Dixon »k Son, where he remained two years, which Ijrought him to 1863. lie then went to Winona, Minne- sota, and there engaged in buying grain for Charles Millei'. He remaineil there ami in the adjoining counties for ten years, buying grain botii for iiimself and others. In 1876 he commenced operating a hotel at Winona. He followed that for two years, and, in 1878, came to Moorhead and ran a] hotel, called " Winona," for two 3'ears more. He was then elected city clerk, holding that office for two j^ears, at which time he resigned to fill the office of clerk of court, to which he had been elected in the fall of 1884. lie was re- elected for tiu; foui- years" term in the fall of 1888, so that he still holds that position. As other evidence that he has been looked upon by pnl)lic o])inion as ;i man in every jiartic- ular qualified for business duties, it may be noted that he has been a member of the board of education for the past five years, as he was a member of the school board when in Houston, Minnesota, also president of the council of thiit j)lace for a term of two years. He has identified himself with everv enter- prise calculated to benefit either the city or surrounding country, and may justly be termed one of the leading citizens of the locality in which he lives. Mr. Rasmusson was married in his native land, March 24, 1861, to Miss Live Johnson, daughter of John Hanson. \\y this union the husband and wife have been blessed by the advent of six intelligent children, three sons and three daughters — John K., Annie M., Julia P., liutlolpii T., Frederick C. P. and Nora H. The ]iarents and all theii- children belong to the i^utheran church, to which they not only subscribe, but also practice the faith as set fortii Ijy that I'eligious denomination. Politically Mr. Rasmusson is a democrat, and belongs to the oi'der of ( )ild-Fellows and Druids. ^^^ Man; irJL farr S P. HANSON, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser, who lives on section 24, Elbow i^ake township, is one of the leading citizens of Grant county. Minne- sota. He is an old settler, and as he has al- ways taken an active and prominent part in all matters of a public nature, and held a number of the most important county offices, his name is indissolubly connected with the official histoi'v of his county. Mr. ilans(jn was born in Di'animen. Nor- way, on the 16th of September, 1844. and is a son of Torger Hanson. His fathei' was a farmer, wiio came to the United States in 1851, and settled in Adams county, Wiscon- sin, where he still lives. Toi'ger Hanson ;ind wife were the jjarents of four ciiililren, who are still living — Anna D., Helena, Henrietta and Hans P. I When Hans P. Hanson was seven years of age he came to the United States with his father. As a consequence he received his education in Adams county, Wisconsin, PARK KEGiOATS OF MINNESOTA. 279 where his father settled. He attended school until he was fifteen or sixteen years of age and then beji'an the realities of life on his own account. During the mnter seasons he worked in tlie woods, and in the summer months was employed on the river. In the meantime the Civil War had broken out, and, on the 11th day of March, 1S65, our subject enlisted in Company D, Fifty-second AVis- consin Volunteer Infantrj^. It should be stated that he enlisted under the name of Peter Hanson, as he was known by tliat name at that time. His service was princi- pally in scouting and skirmishing with the bushwhackers, and he was finally honorably discharged on the 28th of July, 1865, at Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas. After his discharge he at once returned to Wis- consin, and was again eraploj'ed in the pineries and on the river. In 1871 he came to Grant county, Minnesota, and took a homestead on section 24, Elbow Lake town- ship, where he now lives. He was one of the earliest settlers in the township, and he at once became recognized as one of the leading citizens in that portion of the county. He has held a great many local offices, such as school treasurer, school clerk, etc.. be- sides many of the more important positions. He has been a inemljer of the board of county commissioners ever since the county was organized, except six years, and for a number of years was chairman of that body. He also for four years held the office of sheriff of Grant county, and in every official position in which he has been placed he has always discharged the duties with credit to himself and satisfaction to all concerned. He was also the first postmaster in Elbow Lake township, and held the office for four or five years, and when the United States census was taken in ISSO, he was the enumerator for the north half of the county. It will tinis be seen that he has figured very prominently in the official history of the locality in which he lives. A man of the strictest integrity, he is held in the highest esteem, both as a neighbor and an exemplary citizen. Mr. Hanson was married on the Sth of October, 1871, to Miss Tinney Johnson, a native of Norwaj', who came to the United States in 186G. Their marriage has been blessed with the following children — Emma B., Josephena, Thomas R., Henrietta, Henry, Frank and Stena. Besides these, one child died in infancy. The family are exemplary members of the Lutheran church. In political matters Mr. Hanson is a re- publican. He is an honored member of the Grand Army of the Republic, holding a membership in the Herman Post. ^^EORGE F. MORISSE is a member of ^^T the firm of Baumbach & Morisse, druffffists, of Alexandria, Minnesota. He is a native of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he was born on the 25th of November, 1851, and is the son of Frederick and Gesina(Alft) Morisse, who were natives of Oldenburg, Germany. His father came to America in 1849, settling in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In that city for a number of years he was engaged in the grocery business, from which he has now retired. In the father's family there were six children — George F., Herman D., Mary, now Mrs. Jensen ; Charles, Edward and Emil. George F., the subject of our sketch, re- ceived his education in the city of Mil- waukee, Wisconsin. He was also a clerk in his father's store. After a time, iiowever, he chano-ed his business and turned his atten- tion to clerking in a drug store. In 1878 he came to Douglas county, Minnesota, where he clerked for Lewis \S: Ball in the drug business. He was with this firm for a num- 28o Ri-.n Rni:R VAi.i.i-.y Axn ber of years. In 1881 he engaged in the drug business with C. Hanson, under the firm name of Hanson it Morisse. Tliis business partnership was continued for eighteen montlis, at which time Mr. Eaum- bach bought out Mr. Hanson's part of the business, since which time the firm has been Baumbacii it lyforisse. Mr. Morisse is one of the ohlest druggists in Alexandria. He has interested himself thoroughly in the advancement of the business interests of his adopted city and has proven himself worth}' of tlie respect of his fellow-townsmen. In politics Mr. Morisse is a rei)ublican; he is also a member of the I. O. (). F.and Knights of Honor, and is one of the leading citizens in the place. In 1S77 he was married to Miss Etta Schoyan, of Columbus, Wisconsin, daugiiter of (leorge Schoyan. They have had four sons — Carl, Raymond, Frederick and George. -«- -^^ NRY F. SANFORD. Prominent imong the rejiresentative men of the famous Park Regions of Minnesota is tiie gentleman whose name heatls this biogra])h- ical memoir, a farmer ant! also the county auditor of Grant county, Minnesota. He resides on section 17, San ford t(nviiship. Mr. Sanford is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Pleasantville, June "J, 184."), and is a son of Ebenezer C. and I.urana (Beai'dsley) Sanford, natives of Nenv York State. They were married in Pennsylvania. They settled at Pleasantville soon after their marriage and resided there until 1S.")1. They then sold their home and moved to Crawford county, Pennsylvania, where they settled on a farm, remaining seven years. In 1858 they removed to Mercer county. Illinois, liv- ing there until the father's death in 1862. The father was a farmer through life with the exception of the time of their i-esidence in Pleasantville, Pennsylvania, where his attention was taken up with tiie stoneware trade. The mother is still living with her son Jasper in Grant county, Minnesota, and is at the advanced age of seventy years. There were the following children in the family — Sylvia, now Mrs. Delamater, of Pennsylvania: Asenath, the wife of Mr. Eaton, of Herman, Grant county, Minne- sota ; Jasper N., a farmer of Grant county, Minnesota; and Henry F. The family are members of the Methodist church. Mr. Sanford, the subject of this article, spent his youngei' days in the school-rooms of his native State and at the age of thirteen years moved with his parents to Illinois, where he left school at the age of si.xteen. After leaving the school-room he came to St. Paul, Minnesota, in September, 1863, and eidisted in "Hatches' Battalion," serving until June, 1866, when he was honorably discharged at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. After his dischai'ge he came to Grant county, Minnesota, and worked by the month until 1868, when he returned to Illi- nois and worked in the Rock Island Arsenal for two months. Keturning to Minnesota, Mr. Sand ford homesteaded a tract of land on section 17, Sanford township. Grant county, Minnesota, where he has since c(m- tinued to operate, carrying on general farm- in"- anil stiick-raisinfj. He was the first settler in SanfortI townshi]), and took an active part in the organization of the town- ship. Tli(> township derived its name from Mr. Sanfoid. and he has always i)een an enthusiastic participant in all movements wherebv tiie "-enci-al welfai'c niav be en- hanced. Mr. Sanford was united in niairiage No- vember 11, 1877, to Miss Cordelia ('. Cald- well, and this union has been blessed with one child — Sylvia. Mrs. Sanford is a native of Ohio, and was reared and educated in Wisconsin. "Mr. Sanford is a republican in PAKK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA 281 his political affiliations. lie is a member of the Graml Ai-my of tlie Republic, Andrew J. Hubbard Post, No. 115, at Herman. He is one of the representative citizens of bis townshiji and county and has held various local otlices, including assessor, town clerk, justice of the peace for ten years, first presi- dent of tlie village council of Elbow Lake. He was elected to the ottice of count}' aud- itor in 1873, serving until March, 1878, and was again elected to tlie office in the fall of 1886, and re-elected in November, 1888. He has discharged the duties devolving upon that res])onsil)le jtosilion with satisfaction to all parties concerned, and is justly regarded as one of the most efficient and capable offi- cials in the western part of the State. I^HARLES A. BROWN, the present in- x^>^ cuTiibent of the office of deputy siieriff of Polk county, Minnesota, is a resident of the city of East Grand Forks. He is a native of the State of New York, born in Clinton county, May 13, 1844, and is the son of William and Jane (Gray) Brown, natives of Scotland and France, respectively. The father of our subject was a Scottish peer, but wiio latei- emigrated to the United States. The parents had a famil^y of nine children. Charles A. Brown, of whom this sketch treats, I'emained in his native county until 1853, when he removed with his parents to St. Croix county, Wisconsin, where his father took a farm. Our sul)jeot attended school and worked on the farm until the 19th of April, lSt)4. At tliat time he enlisted in the Thirty-seventh Regiment, Wisconsin Infantry ((Company F), First Brigade, First Division, Ninth Corps. lie was honorably (liscliargetl in Washington, D. C, on tlie 27th of July, 18(15. He was in a number of battles and skirmishes, including Harrison's Creek, Virginia, June 17 and 18, 1864; Petersburg and explosion of mine, July 30, 1864; Yellow House Station, Virginia, Au- gust 19 and 21, 1864; Weldon railroad, Au- gust 25, 1864; Pegram Farm, September 30 and October 2, 1864; Hatches' Run, October 27, 1864; Fort Stedman, Virginia, March 25, 1865; and capture of Petersburg (Fort Mahone), Virginia, April 2, 1865. After he was mustered out, he re- turned iiome and soon moved to St. Paul, whei'e he attended the Commercial C'ollege and again returned home. In the fall of 1866 he went to New York and spent that wiiiter traveling in different parts of the State. The next summer he returned home, and in the summer of 1868 went to Irving, Marshall county, Kansas, where he was engaged in the grocery business for one year. In 1869 he again returned home and for the next ten years was traveling in dif- ferent parts of the world. In 1879 or 1880 he removed to Minnesota and settled in East Grand Forks, Polk county, where he filed on a soldier's claim of 160 acres on section 12, Sullivan township. He remained upon his farm for seven years, imjn-oving it both in cultivation and buildings. During that time he lived in the city in the winters and in the summers remained upon his farm. He was also engaged in the contracting and building business, and was one of the sub- stantial farmers of the township. In 1886 he was appointed deputy sheriff, and at once removed to the city, where he gave his un- divided attention to his official duties. Mr Brown was mariied on the 19th day of October, 1877, to Miss Minnie Aldrich, the daughter of Pascal and Martha (Hans- berger) Aldrich, natives of Ohio and Ken- tucky, respectively. i\Ir. Brown is one of the esteemed and pi'oniineiit citizens of East Grand Forks, and is a man of extensive travel. In political matters he is a repub- lican. 282 RED RIVER VALLEY AND M NTON L. STUDLIEN, an enterprising Af-"^ and respected fanner of Land town- sliip, (ifant county. Minnesota, is one of tlie oldest settlers of his townslii]). He is a na- tive of Norway, born in Christian Stift, June 8, 1850, and is tiie son of Lavs (). and Anna (Olson) Studlien, natives also of the king- dom of Norway. They came to Quebec, Canada, in 1S(>7, and moved from there to Dane county, Wisconsin, where they engaged in farming for four years. In 1871 they moved to Grant county, Minnesota. The father died in 18S-t. The mother is living in Lar.d townshi]) with iierdaughter. There was a family of nine children, all of whom are still living — Ole M., John O., Martin, Anton L.. IMartha, Mary, Olora C, Ole and Lewis. Anton L. Studlien, tiie suljject of this biogi'apiiical sketch, spent his early boyhood days in the excellent common schools of his native land, early imbibing tliose principles of thrift, industiy and frugality which so distinguish the nationality from which he springs. Leaving school at the age of seven- teen he came to the United States with his parents, and when he was twentj'-one came with his ])arentsto Grant county, Minnesota. At that time, in 1871, he took a homestead on section 12, Land township, but sold the claim before proving up. About two years later he bought 160 acres on section 22 of the same townsiiip, to which he has since added 120 acres, so that his ])resent farm consists of 280 acres. He has since lived there, making good building im[)rovements and developing a valuable farm. Mr. Studlien was maiTied January 24, 1883, to Miss Caroline Peterson, and tiiis union has been blessed with three children — Adolph, Leonai'd and Victoria, who died at the age of eight months, ilrs. Studlien is a native of Sweden, educated in Iowa and Minnesota. Her father is still living, but the mother is dead. The subject of this article is one of the representative men of the county and has held various offices in his town, including those of school treasurer for twelve years, town clerk for two j'ears, super- visor for a number of years, township treas- urer for ten years, etc. In political matters he affiliates with the republican party. He, with his family, belongs to the Norwegian Lutheran church, of which organization he is a deacon. Being one of the oldest settlers, he has been prominently identified with the growth and development of the locality, and his name is indissolubly associated with the official history of his townshipand county. J^ L. NORIN, M. D., one of the leading jtP^ physicians of the village of Ada, and the official doctor of Norman county, was born in the kingdom of Sweden, August 16, 1858, and is the son of J. Norin and ^Nfi-s. A. Norin. He was reared in the land of his bii'th and there received the elements of a good education. At the age of seventeen he crossed the ocean to the New World and located at Council Bluffs, Iowa, where, for the first six months, he attended school to learn the English language. At the expira- tion of that time he took charge of the gas works of the State Deaf and Dumb Asylum, located in that city, where he remained some two or three years. Tiie succeeding two years were spent in attendance upon the high school of the same city, in j)ui-swit of etlucation, and at the end of that tiuic went to New York City and entered Bellevue Hos- pital Medical College, and comjjleted a course of study. During his vacation, not to be idle, and foi' the futherance of his knowl- edge of the healiu"' art. entered as an assist- ant the Brooklyn Small-pox Hospital, where he remained some three months. Finishing his second course in the fii'st mention(!d col- lege, he went to Tainora, Nebraska, where PARK REGIONS OF MJXNESOTA. 283 he was with his brother in the mercantile trade for a year and a half, at the end of which he opened a drug store for himself. After eighteen months Dr. Norin sold out there and removed to 8t. Paul, where he entered the medical college from which he was graduated in the spring of 18S6. He opened an office for the practice of his profes- sion in St. Paul, and remained there until the following September, when became to Ada, since which time he has been a i-esident of that village, and in the enjoyment of a most excellent and increasing practice. His suc- cess in baffling disease and death has made him a marked man in the profession, and he is rapidly taking a front rank among his medical confreres. His popularity in social circles is (iuly second to the interest he excites in the sick-room, and he is recognized as one of the leading citizens of the village. In 1887 he was appointed county ph3'sician and holds that official appointment at present (1888). Tlie doctor makes a sj)ecialty of treating chronic nasal catarrh, and he is prob- ably the most successful physician in this line in the Northwest. He gained profi- ciency in this specialty as a student of the noted Prof. Frank H. Bosworth, of New York City, N. Y., the professor of nose and throat diseases in Bellevue Hospital Medical College. Dr. Norin was married December 31, 1888, to Miss Helen C. Schriver, of La Crosse, Wisconsin. She was an instrumental music teacher of that place, and a sister of Mrs. Peter llamstad. of Ada. •«--S^{^-^- l^RANK H. PETERSON, a prominent JP^ attorney-at-law in the famous Ked River and Park Pegions, is engaged in the practice of his jirofession in the thriving vil- lage of Barnesville, in Clay county, Minne- sota. He is a native of the State of Marv- land, born in Baltimore on the 16th day of Aufj'ust, 1859, and is the son of John and Alice Peterson, natives of Maryland and Pennsylvania, respectively. Mr. Peterson, who is the subject of this article, remained in his native city and at- tended the common schools until he was thirteen years of age. He then entered the Western Maryland College at Westminster, ]\[aryland, where he attended for five years and from which he was graduated with high honors in 1878. At the expiration of his collegiate course he entered Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore and took a special course in history and political economy, and after this entered the law department of the University of Maryland and graduated after two years, taking the degree of LL. B. The same year he took the academic degree of M. A. In May, 1881, he was admitted to the bar of his native State and for some time thereafter made teaching his profession, in the suburbs of Baltimore. In the month of July, 1884, Mr. Peterson left his native State and traveled all through the West and North west, and finally located at Fergus Falls, Minnesota, where he was associated with Colonel Bax- ter, now Judge Baxter, of that place, and of whom a sketch will be found in another de- ]xirtment of this Album, and remained with him until the latter went on the bench in 1885. A short time after that Mr. Peterson formed a partnership with H. W. Childs, and in the spring of 1885 they opened a law and real estate office in Barnesville, Clay county, Minnesota. In January, 1887, Mr. Childs was appointed assistant attorney-general and removed to St. Paul, Minnesota. Mr. Peter- son has since carried on the business alone, and is one of the most successful and well- known attorneys in the Red River Valley. Mr. Peterson was united in marriage, in 1887, to Miss Mamie E. Baseman, a native of Baltimore, Maryland, and the daughter of John and A. E. Baseman. Mr. 2S4 Kin KHER lALLKY A XI) Peterson is engaged in a general law busi- ness, lie is well and favorably known in tlie Park Region and is a prominent nieniher of the legal fraternity in tiiat region. He is an adherent to tiie principles of the republican party and is an active participant in all niovenionts of a local nature. •■*"S^^"^- M^E^ Mir ^ENRY T. BROWN, wlio is engaged in the manufacture and sale of cigars in the city of Crookston, TVIinnesota, is one of the largest wholesale and retail ilealers in those articles ami tobacco in this portion of the Valley. Jle is a native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, born October SO, 1854, and is the son of Ciiarles and Augusta (Hanna) Brown. He received ids primary education in the excellent schools of his native city, than whicii there are none better, and at the age of twelve years came to Minnesota and settletl with his parents at Tied Wing, Good- hue county. While there he learned the trade of cigar-making and followed it as journeyman in different places until 188 1, when he embarked in that line of business for himself in the city of Stillwater, this State. He remained there but a short time, and in 1SS2 removed to AUiert Lea, where for nearly a year lie was employed as fore- man in the cigar factory of Thomas Warrick. Having by that time formed some liusiness acquaintances, in cojnpany with M. Lewis, under the firm name and style of Lewis it Brown, he o])ened a manufactory of cig.ars of their (iwn in that seat of justice of Freeborn county. This not i)roving u financial success, Mr. Brown left that city and sought emplov- ment at his trade wherever it offered. In this manner passed the time until August, 1884, when became to the Red Kiver Val- ley, settled inCrookston, and established his present business. At that time he had but a capital of $82, but he had ambition. ener"v. and business tact, and possessed a thorough knowledge of his trade. He therefore rented a building, and, purchasing a small stock of leaf tobacco, set to work alone to build uj) a trade and make a living. The strict integrity that has niarke«l his business life in this community, the excel- lence of his goods and his accommodating and affable manner of conducting his busi- ness have rapidly In'ought him tin; reward of such virtues. His ti'ade has .so increased that now he gives em))loyment to si.x or seven hands besides his own, and in addition cari'ies a large stock of foi'eii;n and domestic goods of other manufacturers, chewing and smoking tobacco and smokers' sui)])lies. His customers are scattered over a wide expanse of territory, and the extent of iiis transac- tions increase with each year. He has done well since coming to this place and is already the owner of his neat residence. Being endowed with many social qualities, Mr. Brown is an honored niem!)er of both the Independent Order of OddFellows and the Sons of Hermann, and a prominent in- strumentalist in the Crookston cornet band. He was united in marriage. January 2<), 1888, with Miss Augusta X'oelkcM', of Ci'ookston, a native of Canada, and daughter of John Voelker. -«" l^^. ■HARLES M. BREUER is the propri- etoi- of the Fergus (^ity Iron Woi'ks, Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. He is the proprietor of the only first-class foundry and machine siiop in the city, and articles of his manufacture are steam en- gines, shapers, saw arbors, pulleys, hangers, shaftings, iron columns, balance wheels, sleigh shoes, sash weights, sinks, bridge- washers, circular saw mills, and, in fact, all kinds of articles that are made in first-class foundries and machine shops. He also manu- PA A' A' A'EGfOXS OF MI.V.VESOTA 285 factures all kinds of boiler work, and makes a specialty of engines and mill repairing. His business house is located at Nos. 119, 121 and 123 Wiiitford street, Fei'gus Falls, Minnesota. Mr. Breuer is a native of Prus- sia, and was born in the year 1842. He is tiie son of Henry and Theresia (Von Ems) Breuer. The parents were born in the city of Cologne, Prussia, and the father was a practical maciiinist. which business he car- I'ied on in his nativeland. The parents came to America in 1851 and settled at Chicago, Illinois, where the father workedathis trade until his ileath, which occurred in 1862. The mother is still living in the city of Chi- caiTo. In the father's familv there were fourteen children, four of whom died in Prussia and one in Anderson ville prison, where he was starved to death. Nine of the children are stdl living — Ann;i, Elizabeth, Charles M., Jacob, Adam, Theressia, Charles A., Elizabeth and Bertha. The subject of our sketch spent his younger days attending school in his native land, and after coming to America attended the educational institutions of Chicago for some time. Later he commenced work in the McCormick machine shops at Ciiicago, Illinois, and renuiined in these shoi)s until seventeen years of age. He completed his apprenticeshij) at this business in New York City, in 186-1. After this he worked as a journeyman machinist in different cities in the East and West until 1880, in which year lie came to Fergus Falls. Prior to his com- ing to Fergus Falls he had charge of a seeder factory in Horicon, Wisconsin, for two years. He completed his present large shops in Fergus Falls in 1881, having first built a smaller one on Lincoln avenue in isso. His first slio]) proving inadequate for iiis purpose and business, he sold it out and l)uilt the large one which he now occupies. He has done a very large business, employing duiMng a great part of the time twelve men. At present he has two men employed in his shop. He is indeed a master machinist, un- derstands his trade thoroughly, and can manufacture all kinds of machinery. Mr. Breuer was married in 1879 to Miss Augusta Kostman, a native of Prussia. They have had three adopted children — Annie, now Mrs. Ludwig ; Hattie, wiio died at ten years of age, and Emma. Mr. Breuer is a stanch republican, and is a .member of the Masonic fraternity, and is re- spected and confided in by his fellow towns- men. He has held several positions of trust in the city, and Avas for two terms alderman of the Second Ward. He lives in a line residence on Lakeside drive, a beautiful home, fitted up with all modern improve- ments. Mr. Breuer i.s one of the substan- tial and re))resentative men of p'ergus Falls. -*"S^^--4- E)HIL1P H. CLAGUE, druggist, and one Aj^ of the ))rominent business men of Her- man, Gi'ant county, Minnesota, was born on the Isle ol ]\ran. July 9, 18-19. His parents were William ami Mar\^ (Campbell) Clague, who were also natives of the Isle of Man. William Clague and his first wife became the parents of the following children — John J., Mary A., Margaret E., Eliza, Philip, George W., Charlotte and Alfi'ed, who are now living, and William and Edward, who died ill infancy. Mary Camjibell Clague, the first wife, died in 1856 at the age of forty years. Soon after her death the father came with the children to the United States. In 1859 he returned to his native isle and married Miss Isabella Corrin, who still survives him. By this second marriage one child was born — Katharine S., who is now Mrs. Berlin, of Herman. William Clague was a blacksmith by trade originally, but during the latter part of his life was a local preacher, and for forty years a member 286 Kl-.n RIVER VAJ.LKV AND of the Methodist Episcopal church. Upon coming to the United States he first settled at Ilastrngs, "Minnesota, hnt later removed to Castle Ttock. Minnesota, where he re- mained until the time of his death, which occurred December 23, 1884. he heing in iiis seventy-ninth j'ear. Philip II. C'lague, the subject of this l)io- graphical sketch, spent his earlier school- days at Castle Rock, Minnesota, and, in 1870, at the age of nineteen years, linishcd his course at Carlton College, Northfield, Minnesota. After leaving college Mr. Clague engaged in the railroad business at Benson, Minnesota, where he was employed as clerk- in the office at that place. At the expiration of two years he was employed as agent at Kirkoven, Minnesota, which posi- tion he filleil for two vears. Mr. Clatrue then removed to II(!i-nian, Grant count}', Minnesota, where he was employed as agent for seven yeai's. At the expiration of that time he engaged in the hai'dware business, and at the end of three years sold out to Mr. Earsley, and then secured the post- mastership for four years. In the year 1887 Mr. Clague engaged in the di'iig busi- ness, which he has since followed. In addi- tion to his drug trade he is a member of the machinery firm of Clague ife Prescott. lie carries a comjilete line of goods in his drug store, and the agricultural im])lement firm handles all manner of farm mac-hinery and implements of husbandry. Mr. Clague was united in mai'riage on tlie 12th day of October, 187(!, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Miss Faustina E. Prescott, and this union has been blessed with two chil- dren — Winifred and Florence, both of wiiom ai'e now at home. Mrs. Clague is a native of Lowell, Massachusetts, and was educated in Minnesota. IShe is a dau of the leading citir.ens and attorneys in the northwestern pari of the State. He is a member (,f the Grand Army of the lie- pulilic, Sumner Post, .\o. -fO. He stands high in the couimunity in whicii he lives, both as an exemplary citizen lawyer. and an aiile H^lR. LEWIS C. DAVENPORT, dental surgeon, of Moorhead, Minnesota, is a man wIkj staiuls high in his chosen ])rofes- sion and carries with him the respect of the entire community in which lie lives. He is a native of Conneautville, Pennsyl- vania, born October lit, 1858. His parents are George and Hannah (Rhodes) Davenport, natives of New York and Pennsylvania, re- spectively. The father is a farmer and lives on thesame farm he went on with his parents fifty years ago. His father was Cornelius and his mother Caroline (Snyder) Davenport, natives of Painted T'ost, New York. He was also a farmer and folhjwed it durinir his life. Hannah Rhodes' ])arents were Lewis and Eli/.ebeth (Fettei'mani Rhodes, natives of Mercer county, Pennsylvania, wiiere thev were engaged at rariuing. They had a large family. The father was a democrat, strong in his ])olitical life, and held many local offices. His father's name was Thom;is, a native of Westmoreland county, Pennsyl- vania, who followed farm life throughout his days. It should here be stated that the Davenport family were Methodists and the Rhodes family, generally speaking, Pi-esby- terians. George Davenport had a family of three sons, two of whom are now living. They were i-eare removed to Lake Park, Pecker county, ]\Iinnesota, where he was employeil in the village school. He continued "to teach the young iilea how to shoot "in that locality until August, 1880, at which date he came to Polk county, and took a homestead in the town of Garfield, then just set off and organized as a civil township. In the fall of that year he also engaged in the wheat ti'ade at Peltrami, but made his home upon his farm, where he remained until 1882, serving as county com- missioner from that district, cliairman of the town l)oard, and assessor. Entering the ein})loy ^ ^iljI^HOMAS B. GILLESBY, one of the yly ])rominent members of tlie farming- community of the Park Regions of Minne- sota, is a resident of seel ion 30, Logan town- ship. Grant county, ilinnesota. lie is a na- tive of Canada, born in Wentworth county on tlie 8th of Februaiw, 1847, and is the son of Bernard and Agnes (Hutchinson) Giilesby, natives of England. Tlie parents of our sub- ject came to this country at an early day and settled in Canada. They were the parents of the following ciiiidren — Thomas E., George, John, Margret, Robert, Mary Agnes, William Bernard, Albert Andrew, and Sarah A. King. Robert was drowned at the age of twenty-six years. The subject of this biographical sketch spent his school-days in his native land, and at the age of nineteen years left the school- room and for the next four years helped his father on the home farm. He then went to ' Michigan, where he remained ten months and then settled in Wisconsin, wliere he en- j gaged in farming for one month, ^[r. ' Giilesby then removed to Minneapolis, , Minnesota, where lie remained for three 1 or four years. He then entered the em- ' ploy of the Northern Tacific Survey Com- pany, and during the suinuicr of 1872 crossed the plains and the succeeding summer surveyed on the boundary line, returning to Minneapolis. After remaining in Minnea]iolis for a short time he returned to his native laud, remaining there for some ' little time visiting the scenes of his child- hood. Soon he returned to the Fnited States and again settled in Minneapolis, where he lived until 187!). In 1879 he went to Grant county, Minnesota, where he settled on his ]iresent place on section 30, Logan township. He at once commenced imjirove- ments, breaking the soil and putting up sub- stantial building improvements. He has since devoted his attention exclusively to general farming and stock-raising. Our subject is one of the representative men of his township, and takes an active intei'est in all public and educational matters lie lias held the offices of supervisor of his township and also I'oudmaster. He is a member of the Masonic order, and .stands hitrh in the communitv in which he lives, both as a neighbor and an exemplary citizen. Mr. Giilesby was married June 2."), 1874, to Miss Catharine McLaien, and tlieii' union has been blessed with six children, as follows — Emma, born March 17, 1875, died Septem- ber 19, 1878; Agnes E. and Maggie E. (twins), born April 28, 1877, died in August, 1877; Robbie A., still living; Kate B., born February 9, 1886, died June 16, 1888; and AVilliam R., living. Mr. and Mrs. Giilesby are regular attendants of the Methodist church. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 291 John M. RUGGLES, register of deeds in ^ ami for Ilichlaiid county, Nortli I)ai;ota, is one of tiie leading citizens of Walipeton. His biith took place in Orleans county. New Voi'lc, on the 15th day of March, 1847. Mr. Ruggles' parents were Darwin D. and Annie (Vallance) Ruggles, natives of New York State and England, respectively. In his younger days at Holley, Orleans county, New York, the father was engaged in the business of wagon-making and later in life became a pattern-maker. He made the first patterns of the Curtis iron beam plow at Albion, New York. He was of an inventive turn of mind and was one of the inventors of the gang and iron ])lows. In 1807 he removed to Michigan, where he is now en- gaged in the firm of Smith Brothers & liUi^iiies, (ietilers in earriaoces, wagons, sleighs and cutters. Darwin Ruggles' parents were Martin ami xVnnie (Janes) Ruggles, natives of Connecticut, the father being a millwright by trade. Martin's father was Timothy Ruggles, also a millwright, the latter being a son of Rev. Edward Ruggles. The family is of Englisli tlescent. The mother of the subject of our sketch was the daughter of John and Lucy (Lan- grage) Vallance, natives of England. They came to America in 1832 and settled at Hol- ley, Orleans county, New York, where Mr. \'allance followed the milling business. Darwin D. Ruggles had a family of two children — John il.. whose name appears at at the head of this sketch, and Edward J., a I'armei' in Richland county, North Dakota. The mother died at Hillsdale, Michigan, Janiuiry Ki, 1867. Tlu! subject of our sketch attended school in Orleans county. New York, and also in Noble and Elkhart counties, Indiana. His spare time out of school was occupied in work in his father's factory. "When but seventeen years of age, May 10, 1864, he en- listcil in Company B, One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Regiment, Indiana Volunteers. He enlisted for one hundred days, but re- mained for seven months, doing service on guard duty between Chattanooga and Nashville. After his service in the Union Army was completed he returned to his parents' home in Indiana, where he re- mained until he was twent}' years old. He then engaged as foreman for R. M. & W. S. Lockhart, of Waterloo city, in the lumber business, with his head- quarters at Ligonier, Noble county, Indiana. He continued with this company for three years, during which time he traveled exten- sively over the State, looking for and buying lumber and having under his constant super- vision a large force of men. July -f, 1873, Mr. Ruiigles came to Richland countv, North Dakota, being among the very first settlers in that region. He at once located on a quarter section of land two miles west of where the city of Wahpeton now stands. For live years he remained on the farm and gave his time and attention assiduously to its cultivation and improvement, in the meantime adding eighty acres more thereto. Ml'. Ruggles was wedded on June 14, 1868, to Miss Rosa A. Arnold, a daughter of John P. and Martha B. Arnold, natives of Ohio. One daughter, Leora, blessed this union. Mrs. Ruifgles died in 1880. Mr. Ruggles' second marriage was to Miss Mary K. Mulvey, of Minneapolis, Minnesota, by whom he has had one child, Darwin Wahpe- ton, the first male baby born in the town of Walipeton. Mr. Ruggles is a leading citizen of his town and county and the confidence placed in him by liis friends and fellow-citizens has been signally manifested in various wa3's. He has been honored by being placed in many positions of trust, and in every case ' has proven a capable and trustworthy officer. In 1876 he was elected register of deeds for Richland county, which position he now 292 RED Rn'KK WII.LEY AND holds. In 1881 he was elected clerk of the courts iitul for two 3'ears attended to the dnties of that otfico. For four years 1k> held acceptably the position of county superin- tendent of schools. He is a loyal republican and is a member of the ]\Iasonic fraternity and the G. A. K. lie iieli>cd in the organi- zation of the county and has at all times since been a warm supporter of everythin<>- that tended towai-d its prosperity and finan- cial develoimient. He lives in one of the best I'esidences in the city. ^''^^HARLES A. DALEY is a dealer m boots and shoes and gents' furnishing goods in Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. He is also president of the Ot- ter Tail flouring mills at Fergus Falls, and is oiu! of the dii'ectors of the Fergus Falls National 15anl<. His l)usiness house is located at No. 227 Lincoln avenue east. Ml'. Daley is a native; of Cortland county. New York, and was born on the 2d day of June, 1849 He is the son of Charles L. and Jane(Spence) Daley, the former a native of Connecticut and the latter of Vermont. The father was a miller by trade. He came to Sauk county, Wisconsin, in 1855, and there followed the mercantile business until 1870. He has e.vtensive landed property, and is now in the business of maUing loans, and since 187i' be lias also been in the agricultural im- j)lemenl business. In the father's family there were two sons — Chai'les A., thesubject of our sketch, and Thomas R., now an ex- tensive stock-farmer in Wisconsin. Thefani- ilv have all been successful in business, anil have acquired considerable fortune. The subject of our sketch s])ent hisyounger days under the parental roof, and al lifteiMi years of age engaged in the mercantile busi- ness. He first started in this line in Sauk county, Wisconsin, where he remained in active business for ten years. In the years 1867, '68 and '69, he was in Milwaukee, and from 1873 to 1880 was in business in Madison. In 1881 he came to Fergus Falls, ^liiincsota.and having considerable means, he at once engaiied in business, building a large brick block twenty-five by ninety feet, where he opened his jiresent establishment and where he has since continued. He has one of the most extensive trades in Fergus Falls. Soon after coming to this city hi' built a fine dwelling on the corner of Uroadway and Lincoln avenues, in which he put all motlern improvements. This to-day is indeed a beautiful home. He has extensive landed interests in this county besides the cajjital he has invested in other business. He was one of the organizers of the Otter Tail County Mills, which were established in 1886. This mill lias the largest capacity of any in the city. ]\Ir. Daley was married in 1877 to Miss Jennie i\l. Phelps, the daughter of D. II. Phelps, of Sauk county, Wisconsin. Mr. Daley is acknowledged to lie (me of most jn'ogressive citizens of Fergus Falls. In all matters tending to the financial im- provement of the city in the way of estab- lishing new lines of business or iin])roving city property he has certainly no peer. He has been one of the most liljeral siqiporters in the way of helping to l)uild up |)ul>lic insti- tutions that is to be found in Otter Tail county. He has always contriiiuted largely toward the support of schools and churches. He became associated with the Bank of Fergus Falls in 1884. In politics Mr. Daley is a republican, and is now alderman of the Third Ward of Fergus Falls. He is a promi- nent incmberof the Masonic fraternity, and is a ineml)er of the Congregational society. In his mercantile business Mr. Daley has made an excellent success, carries an exten- sive stock of gootls, employing two clerks, and does a large and increasing business. PARK RF.a/ONS OF MINNESOTA. 293 ^g^ENERAL HORATIO JENKINS, ^^PT county attorney of Douglas county, Minnesota, is one of the leading- lawyers of Alexandria. He is a native of the city of Boston, Massachusetts, and was born ]\rarch 3, is:',7. He is the son of Horatio and Mary Sv (Sims) Jenkins, both of whom were na tives of Massachusetts. IVfr Jenkins, senior, was engaged in tiie ship-chandlery l)usiness until ISfiS, when he turned his face west- ward, coming to ^Minnesota. He settled in Wasioja, Dodge county, where he purchased land and engaged in farming for two years, after which time he came to Douglas county and settled in Alexandria, where he engaged in tlie hardware business with George C. Sims. He continued in this business until his death, which occurred in June, 1878. Mrs. Jenkins, the mother of the subject of this sketch, is still living in Alexandria. There were three children in this family, two of whom are now living — Charles E., of Dayton, Washington Territory, engagetl in fanning, and Horatio, our suliject. Atloi'ney Jenkins received his education in Massachusetts. He attended Yale College for two vears and then went to the Harvard Law School, where he remained one year, wliile at the same time he read law in an office in Boston. He enlisted in the Union service in April, 1861, as a private in Com- pany I, Fifth Regiment, Massachusetts In- fantry. This was on the call for three months' service, it being the first call lor volunteers that the president issued. Mr. Jenkins was in the lirst battle of Bull Hun. This was at the close of his enlistment. After this he helped to raise Com])any (t, Fourth Massachusetts Infantry, and took the office of first lieutenant, and remained in the service until December, 1865. His sei'vices during the war were exceedingly meritorious and his conduct was such as to receive the comniondation of his superior officers. In 1862 he was appointed captain, in ISO-l was commissioned a major, and received a lieu- tenant-colonel's commission the same year. Under the request of the governor of Massa- chusetts he was honorably discharged from the infantry service that he might accept the commission of lieutenant colonel of the I''ourth Massachusetts Cavalry, by order of the secretary of war. He had conferred on him bv Andrew Johnson, the president, by and with the advise and consent of the sen- ate, the rank of colonel, on the 6th of April, 1865, foi- special gallantry at High Bridge, Virginia. On the 28rd of April. I86.1, he re- ceived his commission from John A. Andrew, governor of Massachusetts, which made him colonel of the Fourth Massachusetts Cavalry. He received the title of brigadier general on the l?.th of March, 1865, for his gallant con- duct ami efficient services, on the recom- mendation of General Grant. It will be seen that General Jenkins received many honors for his efficient service while in the Union ai'uiy, but it was not all honor that he received; he saw much hard service. On the 6th of April, 1865. at High Bridge, he received a severe woiiiul and was taken pris- oner, but the next morning a rescuing ]iarty from General Sheridan's commaiul rescued him and put his captors to flight. In May, 1864, he was captured by the enemy and confined in prison for four months. He spent some time in Libljy ])rison, also in Ma- con, Charleston and Columbia. After four months, however, he contrived to escape and found his way back to the Union lines. After the war Mr. Jenkins stopped a short time in Massachusetts. In 1880 he came to Alexan- dria, and on arriving here, opened a law office and engaged in the practice of law. He was elected county attorney in 1884, which i)osi- tion he has hekl ever since. General Jenkins was married in 1862 to ]\riss Sarah L. Jameson, who was the daughter of Hugh Jameson, of Nashua. Xew Hamp- shire. Three children have bles-sed this 294 KED RIVER VALLEY .4 A E) union — GertnitJe, Joannio, and Ilofatio. junior. General Jenkins is one of the leaxling at- tornevs west of St. Paul and Minneapolis, lie enjoys a large jn'actice, is respected and esteenietl by his I'cllnw-townsnicii, and is known to be one of the most entci-prising citizens of Alexandria. He is, in })()litics. a repul)lican. and on many occasions has l>y no uncertain sound given the peo])le of Alex- andria and vicinity to know what his prin- ciples were. He is a mciniicr of the Masonic and Odth of Mai'ch, IS.oT), and is a son of Helga and Tilda (Tiiompson) Myi'an. natives of Norway. The jiai'cnts came to tiie United States in about 1847 and settled in Muskego, Wisconsin, where they lived for ten years. Removing from Wisconsin, the family settled in Iowa, six miles from Decoi'ah, where the parents have since lived. The father was a farmer. He died in December, 1887. The mother is still living in Iowa. They were the jiavents of nine children — Nels, John, Helga, Tor- ger, Caroline, Anna, Isabelle, Tilda and Eertha. Nels, the subject of this ai'ticle, spent his school-days in Iowa, attending the district schools in Madison township, Winnesheik county, until he was seventeen years of age, when be entered the Decoiah Institute, re- mainino- there a siiort time. He then learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed un- til 1880 in Winneshiek and various other counties in Iowa. He next rem<>v(,'(i to Ridgeway, Winneshiek county, Iowa, where he secui'ed the position of clerk for (4ali)y cV' Aakei- of that place. Aftei- working for this firm for foui' oi- live years he removed to Minnesota, settling in Elbow Lake, (irant county, in 1884-. Soon after taking up his residence in this place, he established a gen- eral merchandise store, putting u|j a building in which he now has the postoffice. Mr. My ran \vas married in 1887 to Miss Carrie Ronning, and this union has been blessed with one child. ()iir subject has held various local offices in his town, as township clerk, constable for two years, and was appointed deputy sheriff of Grant county in 1885, which position he has lilled with credit to himself and universal satis- faction." He and his family are con- stant attendants of the Lutheran church. In political affairs he takes an active interest in all the movements of the democratic ])artv and is one of th(> representative men of the count V. -«- PI'eLS KJELDSON, who is engaged in _S^^Jl the real estate, loan and insurance business in the village of Ada. Minnesota, and who is one of the most public-spirited and ])roniinent citizens of that place, came to that section of j\linnesota in June, 1879, and at that time purchaseil a farm some twenty miles northeast of Ada. That .sum- mer he spent in its tillage and improvement, but in the fall returned to Granite Falls, Yellow Medicine count », Alinnesota, where he i-emained the following winter. In the spring of 1880 he returned to this county with the intention of nudving a permanent settlement, and cominenced in earnest the cultivation of his farm. PARK REGIONS OF MrNNESOTA. 295 On tlieoi-ganization of Norma n count\% in the fall of ISSl. Mr Kjeklson was appointed register of deeds, and at the fall election in tiie year 1S82 was chosen his own successoi'. His strict attention to the duties of his office, and his faithfulness in X\w discharge of them, hrouglit its own reward, foi' the people of tiie county, appreciating liis efforts, in the autumn of 1SS4 again re-elected him to the same office, and thus he served the people in that I'esponsihle office for full five years. At the exph'ation of that term he established his ])resent l)usiness, he having during the last two or three years in office had some experience in I'eal estate transactions, giving some attention to that branch of business in the intervals of his duties. Mr. Kjeldson is the owner of some 1,200 acres of land in various portions of the countv, a part of wlncii is improved and under cultivation. To one farm of 280 acres, some eleven miles northwest of Ada, of which 150 acres are under tillage, he gives his personal attention, carrying on farming there in connection with his busi- ness. Besides this large amount of land ho is the owner of his place of business and a neat and tasty residence in the village, and is ranked among the prosperous and go-ahead busmess men of Atla. He was appointed notai'v ]iublic by the governor of Minnesota, in Januaiy, 1SS7, and is one of tlie justices of the ])('ace of the village and a member of the school board. The subject of this sketch is a native of the city of Chicago, Illinois, born June 15, lSi5. While he was still but a lad his par- ents removed to Columbia county, "Wiscon- sin, and settlwl on a farm. There he was reared and given all the facilities to avail himself of the educational advantages offered by the common schools of that district, and finished with a course in the Lutheran Col- lege at Decorah, Winneshiek county, Iowa. After spending two yeai's in the latter widely celebrated and most highly extolled institu- tion of learning, he removed to Watonwan county, Minnesota, in 187(i, and was there employed for the next foui- or five years in various kinds of work, among the chief of which were farming and school-teaching. In 1875 Mr. Kjeldson removed to Yellow Medicine county and there followed farming and teaching, varied with some clerical labor in the stores of Granite Falls, but in 1879 came to Norman county, as already men- tioned above. Since coming to this part of the State he has been highly successful in his life's work and has grown into the confi- dence and i-espect of the whole community. He is a zealous and consistent member of the Evangelical Lutheran comnninion, and is quite active in all I'eligious work. In his business I'elations he is known as a shrewd, honest and straightforward gentleman, and has built up by his own etfoits a large and lucrative business. JTaMES E. SULLIVAN, a prosiierous and ^ enterjM'ising farmer of East Grand Forks township, Polk county, Minnesota, is a resi- dent of section 1, where he is engaged in gen- eral farming operations. He is a native of Canada, born in Renfrew county, Ontario, May 9, 1840, and is the son of Andrew and Ellen (Enrioht) Sullivan, natives of Ireland. Mr. Sullivan, the subject, of this biograph- ical sketch, remained in his native land, at- tending school until he was fourteen years of affe. Durins: his schooldavshe wouhl work on the home farm in the summers and in odd hours, and after leaving the school-room he at once went to work on his father's farm and continued to assist his father in farming until October, 1875. He then determined to find a suitable place «to locate and jour- ne3'ed to Polk county, Minnesota. He 296 KKD RIVI-.K VALI.IiY A.XD traveled from place to place aiul from Polk county went to Manitoba. Xot liking- tlie surronndiiigs up there, ho returned to East Grand Forks and made a verl)al contract for a farm. lie tlien returned to Ontario and sold the farm he iiad inherited frf)m his father, and ai^aiii returned to East Grand Forks. In iht^ spring of 1876 lie moved his family and took a deed of tiie farm where he now lives, lie iias a line. large farm comprising I.2(i0 acres, all well under cultivation. He has imiircjved the surroundings, erected a fine l)ricl< dwelling- house, also a large barn and otlier buildings. He is engaged in a general fai'niing and stock- raising business, and is one of tlu^ largest farmers in the county. Mr. Sullivan was united in maniage on the 22(1 day of February. ISSl, to Miss Bridget IIogan,tlie daughtei'of Patrick and Sarah (Moran) Hogan, natives of Ii'eland. Mr. and Mrs. Sullivan have been blessed with the following children — Leslie, Jose- phine, Clara and Laura. Mr. Sullivan, with his family, belongs to the Catholic church. In political mattei's he is a democrat. He is an excellent business man ; a man of the strictest honor and integrity, and is highly esteemed both as a neighbor and an exemplary citizen. He is justly rated as oneof the most solid and substantial citizens in Polk countv. -^^ WAN AUSLUND. In examining the s^/ biographies of the ])r'ominent mem- bers of the faiining community in the notetl Red River \'alley and Park Ilegioiis of Min- nesota, it will be noticed, that the Scandi- navian race furnishes many of the most thrifty, frugal and creditable citizens of that retrion of the countrv. The suljjeet of this memoir is a successful aiul highlv esteemed I agriculturist of Land township.Grant county, ^linnesota. He is a native of Sweden, born in the northern part of that kingdom on the 17th of October, 1:?49, and is the .son of Samuel and Anna (Norstrom) Olson, natives of tiie same kingdom. They were farmers and lived and tlied 111 their native land. They were the parents of the following chil- dren^ — Olaf, Lars, Samuel, Johan, Andrew, .Vmelia. Elizebeth, Margret and Swan, the subject of this article. Swan Auslund spent his boyhood days in his native land, attending the excellent common schools of that land until he had attained the age of twenty years. In 1870 he decided to seek his fortune in a new er land, and accordingly set sail for the "land of thefree." After landing on American soil he settled in West Dayton, Iowa, where he remained one year, and then removed to (4rant county, Minnesota. In the fall of 1871 he settled on a homestead of Ifio acres I of land on section 22, Land township, where he hassincecoiitinued to reside, carry- ing on a successful fariningand stock-raising Inisiness. He has one of the most desir- able tracts of land in the county, and is rated as one of the most substantial and ' intelligent farmers in the conntv. Mr. Auslund was united in marriage to Miss Matilda Peterson, A])ril S, 1876, and this union luis i)een blessed with six chil- dren, four of whom are living — Sven J., William L., Anna C. and Amelia, ()., and John F. and Oscar S., deceased. Mr. Auslund is a stanch adherent to the principles of the republican ]KH'ty, and ever takes an active interest in all that i)arty's campaigns. He has held various local offi- ces in his township, including school clerk, justice of the peace, town clerk, and was elected county commissioner in the fall of 1888. He and his family are miMiibers of the Lutheran cliun-h. of which organization he is secretarv. P.IKK REGIONS OF MIXNESOTA. 297 /i^ DWARD FAY, the efficient and pop- Vl^ ukir [xjstmaster at T\[ooi'liead, Minne- sota, among otiier enterprising men of Moor- liead and surrounding conntiy, is entitled to a place in this connection, as he is closely identified witii the people and has taken a prominent part in all public matters. He is a native of Irelantl, born in 1S3S. II is parents were Tiiomas and Bridget (Devlin) Fay, Tiie ])arents were engaged in farming in Ireland, where the father died in 1842. Seven years later, 1849, the widowed mother and our subject came to America, first settling in Kenosha county, Wisconsin, where they remained until 1852. They removed from Wisconsin to Pleasant Valley, Winona county, Minnesota, where they lived until 185r) and then moved to Waseca count}', of the same State. The mother died there in 1884. Our subject remained with his muthei', until 1863, on the farm, which he ojierated until he went into tlie employ of the old Minne- sota Stage Company, acting as their agent at Winona, St. Paul, New Uim, St. Peter and other points. He remained in this capacity until 1874, then came to Moorhead and was in the employ of the American Ex- press Company until 1886. At this date he received the appointment from President Grover Cleveland as postmaster at Moorhead, wiiich place he still holds. After his removal to this cit\^ he pnrciiased city property and built a handsome residence on Thii-d street. Mr. Fay was united in marriage to Miss- Annie Fitzgibbon, a native of Cincinnati, Ohio. Siic is tile daughter of Patrick Fitz gibbon. This union has been blessed by six children— Thomas F., AVilliam P. (twins), Edward, ilaiy, Annie and James. In politics Mr. Fay is a democrat, always having taken a leading and active part in all matters of public interest. Both' he and his estimable wife are members of the Roman Catholic chui'cli. ^^lyTARRY H. SNELL. Prominent among IKL the editoi's and publishei's of the Red River Valley and Park Regions is the gentle- man whose name heads tins biogra])hical sketch, the editor of the Barnesville Iter'aw, published at Barnesville, Clay county, Minne- sota. He is a native of Canada, born in Ontario in 1860. He remained in his native land, attending the excellent common schools until he was eighteen years of age. He tiien commenced in life for himself, and for the next eight years was in different localities and engaged in various occupations. In 1886 he removed to Breckenridge, Wilkin county, Minnesota, and with Mr. Gunn purchased the Mercury, a weekly pa[)er published at Wah- peton, Dakota Territory-. They moved the office to the villao'e of Breckenridge and Mr. Snell remained there operating the ]iaper until September, 1888. He then bought the Revieio and has since opei-ated this paper at Barnesville. The paper was established in 1883, and, at the time Mr. Snell purchased it, was a democratic oi-gan. He changed the political creed of the paper, making it more of an independent or republican publication. He has materially improved the ]ia])ei-, both in appearance and editorially, and it lias an extensive circulation. It has a circulation of ovei'five hundred copies, and the publisher is rapidly adding to his patronage. The office does a good job and advertising busi- ness, and the paper is recognized as one of the best journals in C'lay count}'. «^^ aON. LUTHER L. BAXTER is judge of the district comprising the coun- ties of Otter Tail, Douglas, Todd. Pope, Stearns, Morrison. Benton, Slierburne and Mille Lacs. He is a native of Cornwall, Vermont, born in 1832, and is the son of Channcey and Plulena (Peet) Baxter, both of whom were natives of the State of Vermont. 298 RED K] I KK I ALU: ) ' . / XD The subject of our sketcli was reared on tlie home farm, receiving a common school education until lie was fifteen years of age. At tliat age he attended tlie Castieton Semi- nary at Castieton, \'ermont, for one year, after which for a ])eriod of two years he was a student at Norwich LTniversity in that State. At the close of this two years' course he commenced reading law at MiddJebury, Vermont, and most of Iiis studies wei'e prose- cuted under theiiislruction of Juilge Horatio Seymom-. He continued his studies for tliree years, and in 1S54 was admitted to tlie bar in the supreme court at Ottawa. Ilhnois. After his graduation lie went to Geneva, Wisconsin, tliis lieing in May, 1854, where lie engaged in the practice of law. i'emaining until 18.57. In tiiis year he came into tiie 8tate of ilinnesota, settUng at Cliaska, Carver county, where lie cnigaged in the practice of his profession until the breaking out of tlie war. He enlisted in Company A, Fourth Ilegiment, Minnesota Volunteers, receiving a commission as captain. In April, 1862, he was promoted to the rank of major. In the fall of ISOii he resigned his commissi(jn and returned to Minnesota, settling in Shakojiee. Here he continued in the practice of law until 186-1-, when he accepted the position of majorin thcMinnesota Heavy Artillery. Later he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant- colonel, and continued in the service until the close of tlie war. He saw service in the sieae of Corinth, in 1802, and was in the ixittle of Corinth in the same fall with the Fourth Minnesota. In his last service he participated in the liattle of Nashville At the close of the war he returned to Shakopee, where he again commenced the practice of law, in which he continued until 1868. At this time lie removed to Cliaska, continuine: in the practice of his professic^n until 1882, when lie removed to Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. In 1858-9 hewasjutige of [irobate in Carver county, Minnesota. and was appointed by Governor Sibley as prose- cuting attorney of the Fourth Judicial dis- trict. In 1863 and part of 186-1 he was prosecuting attorney of Scott count\', ilin- nesota. In 1878-9 he was county attorney of Carver county. In 186-4 he was elected sen- ator from Scntt county and held that office until iscit. From 1869 to 1883, with the exception of the three j'ears, 1876, '77 and '78. he was a member of the house or senate from Carver county, holding continuous office in the upper oi- lower branch of the legislature during that entire time. In .March, ISS."). he was a])|)()iiite(l to his present judi- cial otlice, and in the fall of Isst; waselected thereto. On the luth ilay of Seiiteinber, I8r>6, Judge Baxter was married to Miss Emma Ward, of Geneva, Wisconsin, liv whom he has one liv- ing child, Chauncey L., an attorney, located at Perham, Minnesota. Mrs. Baxter died on the 4th of June, 1872. His second marriage was to Miss Barbara Duchs, of Cliaska, Min- nesota, by whom he has one living child. Bertha. His third marriage was to Miss Emma Child, of Glencoe, Minnesota. Judge Baxter is a democrat in politics, is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the (t. a. li. He has considerable money invested in Fergus Falls, owning a line resi- dence in which he lives, besides other houses which he has rented. The judge is a man of marked legal ability, gen ial.warni-liearled and social as a man, before whom all attorneys in tlie district like to ]iractice, feeling that at all times their cases ami themselves will receive just and proper consideration at his hands. In all his adjudications of cases that are brought before him he has been fair and impartial, and is without doubt one of the ablest of the judiciary of the State of Min- nesota. Although a democrat politically, he is not an offensive partisan, as will be seen by the fact that, although a democrat, he was elected to his office bv the franchises of PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 299 many republicans. Asa man he is lionored and esteemed in liis home, and as a judge is respected throughout tiie district. ,«« ,M^SA H. SNOW, retired, is a resident of 'I^^ Wahpeton, liiciihind county. North Dakota, lie is a native of Pomfret, Wind- sor county, Vermont, wiiei-e he was horn July 2G. 182.3. Mr. Snow's parents were JIartin and Lydia (Hayes) Snow, the I'oi'mer a native of Pom- fret, and tlie latter of AVindsor county, Ver- mont. Martin's parents wei-e Samuel and Betsey (Perkins) Snow, natives of Bridge- water, Massachusetts, and farmei's by occu- pation. Samuel's parents were Jonathan and Sarah Snow, the former being the son of William antl Rebecca Snow. William Snow was born in England, in about 162-i, and came to America in 1637, settling at West Bridgewater, Massachusetts. He was one of the pioneers of the United States, and no doubt the en tire Snow family in Aniericacame from this stock. Lydia Hayes, the mother of the sul)ject of our sketch, was the daugh- ter of Philemon Hayes, a native of Sharon, Vermont, and of Englisli descent. He was a farmer by occupation, as were most of the ancestors of the Snow family. Martin and Lydia Snow had a family of four children, two of whom ai'e now living — Eliza, now Mrs. Hewett, and Asa II., whose name ap- pears at the head of this sketch. The subject of our sketch remained at home during his early life and was given e.xcelient educational advantages. At four- teen he went to tlie military academy at Nor- wich, \'ermont, from Avliich institution he graduated in 1842. He then went to Mary- land and taught school for tiiree years, removing at the end of that time to Boston, where he engaged in clerking off and on for ten years. Tiiree years <;f tliis time, how- ever, was spent more or less in gold mining in California. Fi-om Boston he went to Man- chester, where he engaged principally in clerking for two years. He then returned to A^ermont, where he remained some three years. In June, 1862, he enlistedasa private in Company D, Ninth Kegiment, Vermont Volunteer Infantry, and remained in the ser- vice for three years. He was engaged in a num- ber of severe battles and was taken prisoner at Harper's Ferry, but was soon released. ilay 24, 1863, he was commissioned second lieutenant of his company, and for some time was provost marshal on detached duty in North Carolina. After the close of the war he returned to Vei'mont, locating soon after in Claremont, New Hampshire, wliere he engaged in the lumber business for ten years. From thence he went to Ilion, New York, where he remained in the employ of the Remingtons for eighteen months. He then removed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he engaged in clerking for four years. In 1880 he came to Wahpeton, North Da- kota, where he has i-esided ever since. For two years he clerked in the register of deeds' office, and then for five years worked in the treasurei''s office, since wliicli he has lived a retireii life. He built his jiresent residence on the corner of Pembina avenue and Fifth street. He was town clerk one year and has held other minor positions. Mr. Snow is a man of wide travel and extensive reading and is held in high esteem by his fellow- townsmen. In 188-J Mr. Snow was united in marriage to Mrs. Ciuxrlotte Cummings. daughter of Eben II. and Mercy (Brewer) Russell, na- tives of Wintlsor. Vermont. Her father was engaged extensivelv in farming. Her parents had a family of twelve children, four (if whom are now living — Mrs. Snow, Ellen, now Airs. Taylor; Melissa, now Mrs. Downer, and Belle, now Mrs. BiUmgs. Mr. Snow has one son, Clai'ence A., who niai'- 300 RED RIVEK I'ALI.I-.y AXD ried Jennie Dickerson. Mrs. Snow liad two chiklren l)y her lornioi' husband — Fi'ank E., nnirried to Miss Flora Taylor, and IIi'rl)ert A. Mrs. Sni)\v is one of the leading ladies of the city and is a consistent member of the (^ontrieiiational churcli. She is also a mov- ing spirit in the Lailies' Aid Society. Mr. Snow has been thrifty aiul economi- cal throuD'hont his career and has laid bv a good competency, and has now retired from active business to enjoy the blessings of a well-spent and useful life. K. OLSON, one of the prominent and leading citizens of (hookston, Min- nesota, is cnyaiied iti the sale of wa^clies, clocks, jewelry, silvei'ware, etc., in that citj'. lie is one of the pioneers of this portion of the Red Eiver Valley, having located on a farm in this county in May, 1S73. Mr. Olson is a native of Xoi'way, born in 1S36. lieceiving his education in his youth in the excellent schools of his native land, he made his home in that land until he had attained the age of twenty -two years. Although the country of his birth has nunx' liberty than an\' other in Europe, still the chances for the amelioration of his condition were far from satisfactory to him, and he determined, in 1S5S, that in the New World he would seek that fortune that seemed so difficult to overtake in his native land. Em- barkino' he crossed the wide ocean, with nniny other adventurous emigrants, and upon landing u|)on the shores of the (ireat Ilepuhlic, started at once for Minnesota. Locating in Fillmore county, he there found einployiiient upon various farms, and resided there until 1804, when, in response! to a call for more men to hel|) sui>i)ress the unlioly rebellion wajjed against "the best govern- ment the sun ever shone on," in June he enlisted in Company B, Fourth Minnesota Infantry, and after being duly mustered into the service of the United States, was forwai-ded, as a reci-uit, to the regiment in the field, which was then at Allatoona Pass, Georgia. With the gallant l)ody of men of whicii he was a member, lie participateil in the un])aralleled march through (ieorgia and the Carolinas, to the sea, under that matchlcps leader, W. T. Sherman, and played a valiant part in the various engagements of that glorious campaign. After taking part in the grand review at the National Capital, in 1865, at the close of the hostili- ties between the two sections of the coun- try, ill'. Olson was sent with the leginient to Louisville, Kentucky, and after waiting there for seven weeks, was transfei-red to Fort Snelling, Minnesota, at which ])lace he was honorably dischargeil from the service, July 10, 1S<;5. On returning to the duties of peace, he located in Houston county, i\finnesota, where he purchased a farm and settled down to agricultural ])ursuits. Thei'e he remained until ISYl, when he sold his property and removed to Hush ford. Fillmore county. In the latter village he made his home until 1S73, when, hearing of the fertile soil and excellent advantages of the far-famed lied River Valley, he came hither in search of a new home. On his arrival in this vicinity, the subject of this sketch settled in the neighborhood of Crookston, where he remained some eigh- teen months, after which he removed to Fisher, and there ke])t the boarding place for the men in the employ of E. Sampson, the railroad contractor for grading at that ])oint. Several years was he thus employed, but in IST'.t he settled on a claim \vliich he had taken in 1874, about four and a half miles west of the village of Carman, Minne- sota, where he again resumed the cultivation of the soil. In 18S2 he ai>andoned his agri- cultural labors and removed to the city of PARK REGIONS OF MIXXESOTA. 301 Crookston and established his pi-esent jew- elry establishment, and lias continued in that business ever since. Ml'. Olson is a respected and honored niend)er of C'obhani Post, No. 90, G. A. U., and one of the ofHcers of that organization. -"J-f^^*-^ /^■EORGE M. FABER, retired nieivhant, x^T IS a resident of Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. He is a native of Lebanon county, Pennsylvania, and was born December 14, 182T. Mr. Faber is the son of George and Eliza- beth (Reinoehl) Faber. His parents were natives of Lebanon county, Pennsylvania, the father being- a boot and shoe-maker by trade, liut during the latter jiart of his life turned liis attention to farming, in which occupation he continued until at si.\ty-tive vears of age, when he moverac'tically out of food, having only a few ])<>()r onions ami a snuill qiumtity of milk from one cow. About this time the buffaki tish began I'unning in the sti'eanis up towards the lakes, and the membei's of the familv succeeded in catching some of these fish. Having this meat from the Inififalo fish they were able to make what was facetiously called buffalo soup, which was a conglomera- tion of onions, milk and iiuffalo fish nu-at. Although this would seem to some to be a very unsavory mess, yet at the same time it was heartily enjoyed and joyously a])pre- ciated by th(> families of that place, ilrs. Faber states that the reality is not a])|>re- ciated by peo])le who know nothing of pioneer life. None but those who have pei-- sonally been through these scenes and ex- periences can know what they are. She has seen the bodies of two jiersons who were frozen to ileath. and has witnessed many other harrowing scenes. She with her hiis band had left a beautiful home in the East, a home with all the comforts that heart could wish, surrounded with warm, lovinir frieiuls, and then to come to this new coun- try and experience all the privations that necessarily sui'round the ]iioneer life, seemed for a time nu)re than she ciiuld l)ear. But after all these iiardshijis had jiassed and had become part of the iiyoone, she can say, as she looks i)ack upon it, that, aftei' all, there has been moi-e or less ]ileasui'e, and the sting of these hard trials and hard times is re- moved when she sees that now she is sur- rounded with kind friends, has a beautiful home, and is in a prosperous city which has been built upon the ruin of these pioneer da vs. ^^^ ^^ — J@)OBERT BAIN, one of the represent- Jl:^:^ ative and sui)stantial farmers of the Red River valley, is a resident of section '.•, Fisher townshiji, Polk county, Minnesota, liorn in the suburbs of (ilasgow, Scotland, he comes of that sturdy, determined Scotch race which has made the best citizens in the population of the Northwest, a race pro- PARK A'ECJO.VS OF MINNESOTA. 303 vei'hiiil for their industry, integrity, economy and geniid, hospitable temperament, for it is an old and true saying that "no man goes hunarv from a Scotchman's door." The (late of Robert Bain's birth was IVIay 20, 1818. His parents were John and Isabella (McDonald) Bain, who were also natives of Scotland. The father was a carpenter. Jjoth parents are long since deceased. Robert Bain, whose name heads this arti- cle, spent his childhood in Scotland, and in 1S27 came to America with his parents, who settled about seventy miles from Ottawa, Canada, where they were among tlie first settlers. The country was very new and the ))ioneers had to endure many hardships and jierils. It was a heavily timbered country and a great deal of hard labor was necessary liefore a farm was cleared larjje enough in extent to support the family. Robert Bain was engaged chiefly at farming in Canada, although he also followed coopering to some extent. He was married in Canada in 1842 and i-emained until 1849 in the neighborhood where his parents had located. He then removed to Perth county, ami located on the banks of the river Thames. Tliere he lived until ISfiS. when he came to Minne- sota and settled in Fremont, Winona coufity. For ten years he lived on a rented fai'm and then iionght a farm in an Irish settlement near Winona. He finally, in 1S78, sold out and came to Polk county, Minnesota, where he jiurchased all of section 12, in Lowell township. There he lived foi' two years, although the first land he worked belonged to Judge Stearns. At the expiration of that time he purchased 240 acres where he now lives, on section 9, Fisher townshiji, and now owns 510 acres in all, a good share of which is under a high state of cultivation. He has comfortable and tasty building im- provements, and the farm is one of the most valuable in the vicinity^ as it includes both prairie and timber land. The marriage of Mr. Bain occurred August 3, 1842, in Lanark county, Canada, when he wedded Barbara Furgerson, a na- tive of Scotland, and a daughter of Duncan and Barbara (Currie) Furgerson. Mr. and Mrs. Bain are the parents of the followino- children — John, Barbara, Duncan, Robert, Isabella G., James and Donald. John is engaged in farming in W^inona county, Min- nesota. Barbara lives in Mai lory. Duncan is a farmer near Mallory. Robert lives in Fisher, where he is engaged in the lumber business in company with C. P. Mallorv. Isabella lives in Winona countv, Minne- sota. James is a farmer and lives in Fisher. Donald is the only son who is still at home. ^^EORGE KETCHAM. In glancing \^^r over the biographies of the many in- cumbents of the county otiices in the differ- ent counties comprised in the famous Park Regions of Minnesota, it will be seen that American-born citizens furnish a large part of the persons who fill their responsible j)osi- tions with satisfaction to all parties con- cerned. The subject of this article is the present incumbent of the office of countv at- torney of Grant county, Minnesota, to which position he was elected in 1884, and re-elected in 1886 and 1888. He is a native of Mich- igan, born in Cass county on the 9lh day of January, 1850, and is the son of Samuel and Abigail (Pullman) Ketchum, natives of New York State. The fatlier of our subject was a Baptist preacher, and is now living at the advanced age of eighty -one years. The mother of the present subject died in Feb- ruary, 1888, at the age of seventy -five years. They were the parents of the following named children — Franklin, Lewis, George, antl Elizabeth. The two first named are deceased, having died in infancy. 304 RED A'/rj-:k- \-ALLEy AND Mr. Ketcliam attended school in bis native State and graduated from the Hillsdale Col- lege in 1873. He then decided to enter the profession of law, and accordingly studied two years under Judge Coolidge and was admitted to the bar. He then commenced the ])ractice of his profession at Cassopolis. Cass county, Michigan, and devoted iiis en- tire time to it for seven years. In 1882 he reniov(>d to C4i'ant county, Minnesota, and on settling there at once engaged in tiie law business. Mr. Ketcham was married un the lOtluhiy of ()(!toher, 1877, to MissMinnic Wetliey. and this union has l)een blessed with one child, Ko\l:i, born Sojitember 11, 1SS4. Mrs. Ketcham is a native of New York State, and received her education in Michigan, at the high schiK)l at Cassopolis, where she was married. She is a daughter of A. Wethey, a farmer of Grant county, Minnesota. The subject of this sketch is a republican in his. politic;il belief and takes an active interest in all public and local affairs. "While in Micli- ijran he was elected to the office of Circuit Court Commissioner, which position he held for six years. He is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity and one of the most popular and highly esteemed citizens of the county. He is a man of the strictest honor and in- tecritv and stands liiLi'li in the coinmiinitv in wliicli he lives. -«- -C^- WALTER E. TRLIAX, M. D. Among the successful and leading medical practitioners at Breckeniidge. Wilken county, Minnesota, is the gentleman whose name heads this article. Dr. Truax is a native of Wisconsin, born in Eacine county, June 10, 18-18, and is a son of AYalter D. and Sarah F. (Gibbons) Truax, natives of Vermont and England, respectively. The grandfather of our subject (John Truax) was a native of Vermont and of German descent. He was a manufacturer and moved to Canada in 1820. where lie engaged in the manufacture of scytlies and axes until the latter part of his life, when he returned to ids native State, remaining there until his death in 1840. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, and was a sturdy re]n'esentative f)f the ])ioneers of his day. The jjarents of \\'alter E. Trujix's mother (Sarah Truax) were John and IMarv (Harding) Gibbons, natives of England. Tiiey came to this country in lS3n, and set- tled in State City, New '^'ork. wlicrc John Gibbons carried on tlie occupation of boot and shoe manufactui'ing. They moved to Wisconsin in 1845 and settled at Watei-ford, Racine county, where they i-einained until 1870. They then removed to Floyd county, Iowa, where the father remained until his death in 1SS2. He was a republican in po- litical matters. He, with his wife, who died in 1881, belonged to the Methodist church. The father of our subject moved to Floyd county, Iowa, in 18(13, wjiere he lived until his death in 1886, at the age of sixty-eight yeai's. The mother of Dr. Truax is now liv- ing in Floyd county, Iowa, and she is the mother of ten children, seven of whom are living — Amanda, now Mrs. Knapp ; John H., Dr. Walter E.. Laura E., the wife of Mr. Hunt ; Nellie, Clara (married to a Mr. Eob- erts) and Charles. The parentsaiid children are iiRMubers of the Baptist chui'ch. Dr. Walter Truax, the subject of this liio- graphical sketcli, I'diiaiiictl at home attend- ing school until he was lifteen years of age. In 1803 he enlisted in the Foily-eighth Iowa Battalion (Infantry) and served one liundi'ed days. After his lionorable discharge he re- enlisted in Company B, Sixth Iowa Cavalry, and was in the service sixteen mouths. He was at Mem])his, and later participated in several engagements with the Indians on the plains of Dakota and Nebraska. After his return from the war he commenced the study of telegraphy at Marshalltown, Iowa, PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 305 and remained one year working in the train dispatciier's office. Until ISTO he was on- gaged as an operator for the Chicago, Rock Island ct Pacific Tlailroad, also the Burlington, Cedar Ra])ids & Nortliern Railroad. During this time lie woi'ked in the commerical offices for these companies in Omaha, Cliicago and St. Louis. He then received an appointment on the Nortliern Pacific and remained with tliom for thirteen years. He was the second station agent appointed at Moorhead, Minne- sota, and iield tiiat position for five years. Prior to this he studied medicine, attending tlie Minnesota University, and was admitted in 1S83. He commenced^ tiie practice of medicine in Todd county, where he remained one year and then settled in Battle Lake, Otter Tail county, JNIinnesota, where he remained engasred in clinical work for two years. In 1SS5 he moved to Breckenridge, Wilkin county, Minnesota, where he has since heen actively engaged in his profession. Dr. Truax was married in 1869 to Miss Alice A. Judd. This union has been blessed witli five children, as follows — Percy E., Sadie A., William E., Lotta E. and Walter D. Mrs. Truax is a native of Illinois and tlie daughterofWilham and Elizabeth Judd. Dr. Truax has traveled extensively and is a man of thorough and versatile knowledge. He has written two works on drauglits, one while a resident of Chicago and the other while in Breckenridge. lie is a democrat in liis polit- ical beUeC and is a member in good standing oC the Grand Army of the Republic, Masonic fraternity and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. ^^EORGE E. PERLEY, a successful >S£>^ attorney at Moorhead, of the firm of Wellcome & Perley, forms the subject of this biographical sketch. iMr. Perley is a native of Lempster, New Ilanipshiro, born August 19, 1853. His par- ents were Ashury F. and Sai'ali J. (Dodge) Perley, natives of tlie same State and county. The father is engaged at farming, which has been his life-long occupation. The mother died in 1883. Our subject's grandfather Perley was named Edmund, and his wife was formerly Sarah Bailey. They were natives of Salem, Massachusetts, and were the par- ents of a large family of children — ten in number. Our subject's ancestors are of Welch descent, coming to America and settling at Ipswich, Massachusetts, in 1634:. Sarah Dodge's parents were John and Rebecca (Gould) Dodge, natives of Lempster, New Hampshire, and Westminster, Vermont, re- spectively. The father was engaged in farming and milling. His father was John, a descendant of the Saxons. ( )ur subject's grandfather Edmund, was a strong Methodist churchman, as was his son Asbury, alwa3's taking an active part in church matters. Our subject is a graduate of Kimball's Union Academy of Meriden, New Hamp- shire, also of Dartmouth College, leaving the latter famous place of learning in 1878, after which he taught in the high schools of his State for over two years. He then studied law at Claremont, New Hampshire, in the office of Hon. Ira Colby, graduating at the New Hampshire bar in 1883, being admitted the same year at Boston, Massachusetts, where he practiced his chosen profession until he came to Moorhead, in 1884. Here he has practiced law and attended to loans and real estate business,' forming a partner- ship with J. B. Wellcome, and they are now among the leading law firms of Moorhead. They are the local attorneys for the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba llailway. Our sub- ject also carries on a farm of over four hun- dred acres, in Clay county. Mr. Perlej' Avas married in 1884 to Miss M. E. Jones, of Windsor, Vermont ; she is the daughter of Asa and Clara Jones, of the same place in Vermont. Tiiey have one child 3o6 KED KIVF.K VALLEY AXD — Grace. Mr. Perley is a radical republi- can in politics. He belongs to the First Presbyterian church of Moorhead, and stands very high, liotli among those of his profes- sion and with tlie cilizens of Clay county. li/HOMAS C. SHAPLEIGH, whoisone (jf tlic justices of the city of Crooks- ton, Minnesota, has occupied quite a promi- nent position in the history of the territory and State of Minnesota, where he settled as early as 1855. He was born in York county, Maine, July 7, 1824. He received the rudi- ments of an excellent education in the schools of his native county, and while yet a young man commenced an apprenticeship to the trade or craft of ship carpenter in the nav}' yard at Kittery, not far from the place of his nativity. Three years he served and then followed the trade as journeyman until the spring of 1855. Then he determined to seek anew home in the West, and with tliat intent, in April of that year, came to Minne- sota, among the earliest pioneers of this region, and for a time located at St. An- thony. In June following he went to Monti- cello, Wi'ight county, where he assisted in building the lirst steam saw-mill west of St. Anthony. After the mill was completed he took charge and operated it until the fol- lowing February, when he returned to St. Anthony. There he took charge of a saw- mill, and from that time until 18Gi he had charge of saw-mills in Anoka, Mendota, and Wacouta. Then he returned to Monticello and engaged in farming. But the quiet life of a farmer was not to his taste, and in 1867 he accepted the appointment of assistant United States revenue assessor, under Gen- eral McLaren, which position he held two years. In 1872 he went to the point where the Northern Pacific Railroatl was to cross the Missouri river, near where Bismarck, Dakota Territorv, now stands, and there had charire of the businessof Burleigh & Keith, who had acontract for the const met ion of (ifty miles of the road. He remaineil in that cn])acity until the work was completed. In the month of j\larch, 1874, he received tiie ai)poinliiieiit of register of the United States land ollicc at Detroit, Minnesota, and took possession of the olHce in that capacity. In 1879 the office was removed to Crookston, whither he came. He remained in that responsible and onerous office until December, 1881. Dur- ing the following year Mr. Shapleigh actetl as land agent for the St. Paul, Minneapolis «fc ]\Ianitoba railroad, but in the fall of that year received the nomination and election to the office of the clerk of the court of Polk county, and served in that capacity for the succeeding four years, enjoying the confi- dence of the jieople of Crookston ; on the ex- piration of his term of service he was offered and accepted the position of city justice, a jiost which he is worthily and satisfactorily filling the current year (1888). The subject of this sketch is one of the prominent and le!ading citizens of thecounty, identified with its growth and development l)y a thousantl ties. Besides his handsome resi- tlence in the city, he is the ownei' of consid- erable real estate in the county in the shape of ffood farmino; land. An active, energetic business iium, of sterling integrity and hon- esty of purpose, he holds a high place in the opinions of the people of thecommunitx', and is deservedly one of the most ])opulai' men in Ci'ookston. He is an active mendjer of the Masonic fraternity, having been made a Ma- son in St. Andrew's Lodge, No. 5G, at Ports- mouth, New Hampshire, in 1852, but is now connected with Crookston Lodge, No. 141, and has held the office of D. G. M. for the northwestern part of the State. He is also a prominent member of Pierson Chapter, No. 40, R. A. M., of wdiich he is past most eminent PARfC REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 307 high priest, and is the present eminent com- niiuuler of Gonstiintine Commanderv, No. 20, K. T., of Crookston. Mr. Shapleigh has been married, but his wife is deceased. He has a family of four i-hildren. /g|klCHAEL B. SHEPPARD. The Jr^lia^ subject of this Ijiographical sketch is a prominent and. esteemed member of the farming community' of the Park Regions, and is a resident of section 20, Logan town- shij). Grant county, Minnesota. lie is a na- tive of Ohio, born in Montgomery county, on the 18th day of June, 18.51, and is the son of Joseph and Mary (Lyon) Sheppard, natives of Maryland and Ohio, res])ectively. The father and mother of our subject were married in Ohio, and after remaining there for eight or ten years, removed co Iowa. Tiicy settled at Cascade, where they lived for six years, then removing to Delaware county, Iowa, where they have since contin- ued to reside. The father is engaged in agricultural jnirsuits and is one of the rep- resentative men of Delaware county, Iowa. They are the parents of nine children, whose names are — Johnson, Michael, Mary, Will- iam, Maggie, Richard, David, George and Joseph. Even and one ciiild (who died in infancy) are deceased. Michael B. Sheppard, the subject of this biographical sketch, spent his younger days in attending school in Delaware county, Iowa. Leaving school at the age of seven- teen he remained at home, helping his father on tiie farm for one yeai-. He then engaged in lif(! for himself by di'ivingtlie stage from .Manchester to ]\farion, and to Elkadei', Clay- ton county, Iowa, for a period of two years, ilr. vSlie])pard removed from Clayton county, Iowa, in the spring of 1878, to his old home, where he remained for a short time, and in the same year went to Grant county, Minne- sota. Upon his arrival there he homesteaded a tract of land in Logan township, on sec- tion 20. Prior to his settling on his present place he took a pre-emption right from a Mr. Belding, who went to drrant count}^ at the same time as our subject. Since that time Mr. Sheppard has lived on his present place on section 20, where he has been en- gaged in general farming and stock-raising. Mr. Sheppard was united in marriage to Miss Mar^^ Harrison on the 22d of April, 1881, and this union has been blessed with two children, named — Roy E. and Edna G. jMrs. Sheppard is a native of Iowa and the daughter of John Harrison, a farmer of Iowa. The mother is still living. The father died when Mrs. Shejjpard was a small child. She is one of five children— Geortre, William, John, Martha and Mar}'. Mr. Sheppard is one of the prominent and repre- sentative citizens of his township, ever tak- ing an active interest in all public matters. He has held the offices of assessor and su- pervisor and is a member of the Tariff Re- form Club in Herman. He is a man of the utmost honor and integrity, highly esteemed by all who know him, and his word is con- sidered as good as his bond. Mr. Sheppard is independent in ])olitical matters. «^^ ^'"•^UPTAIN JOHN deputy county W. GREGG is the auditor of Richland county, North Dakota, and lives at Wahpe- ton, the county seat of that county. He is a native of Rock Island, Illinois, where he was born, September 1, 1841. Mr. Gregg's parents were Dr. P. and Sarah L. (Wheelock) Gregg, the former born in Ireland and the latter a native of New Hampshire. The father was a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, and came to Amer- ica in 1831, settling first in Philadelphia, 3o8 KED RfVER )'AI.I.EY AA'D Penns\'lvania, where lie attended a course of lectures at J efl'erson College. In 1840 lie removed to Rock Island, Illinois, where he was niarriod and was for years the leading pliysician and surgeon. He lias a family of seven living children — Jolin W., Mary, now Mrs. A. C. Dart; Joseph K.. Sarali, Carrie, Spencer and Fannie. Tiie suliject of our sketch was given cx- ceiieut ('(lucational advantages in his youth and was surrounded witli the iiilluences of a refined home. He took a thorough course at tlic higli school in Kock Island, and at its couniielion clerked in a stoi'e for one year, lie then read law for one 3'ear in the office of Messi'S. Wilkinson & Pleasants, leading attorneys of IJock Island. On the breaking out of the late war, he gave up his legal studies, and enlisted as a private in Company D, Twelfth Regiment, Illinois In- fantry, and served with that company for live montiis. He was then transferred, for promotion, to (!ompanv K, Fifty -eighth Regiment, Illinois Infantry, of which he was ma.de second lieutenant. He held this com- mission for one year, tluring which time, on the (itli of Ajiril, at the battle of Siiiloli, he was taken prisoner by the confederates and kept in pi'ison until October 12, when he was i-eleased. During most of this time he was kept in the confederate prison at Madison, Geors-ia. In the winter of 1802 ho was commissioned lirst lieutenant, which rank he held until the latter part of 1863, when he was made captain of his company. He was on the stair of GeneralJolm McArthur from April, 18(1."), until the close of the war. Cajitain Gregg saw service in the following enffiiijemi^nts — Fort Donaldson. Shiloh, Abides- burgh, .lackson, the campaign of Atlanta, Nashville, and many minor battles and skirmishes. After the close of the war (^a])- tain (iregg went to Chicago, Illinois, where lor one \'ear he engaged in the commission business. He then acted as clerk of the board of public works of that citj' for a period of six years, after which for six years he worked in the postoffice department. He then traveled extensively over the AVestern States, prospecting, and in December, 1881, located at Fargo, Dakota Territory. Here he found em])loymcnt as advertising clerk on the Fai'go Ari/us\ and worked in that line for one year. Then for two years he was itgent for the Fargo ifc Southern Railway Company, at Wahpeton, Dakotii, where he has since resided. Resigning that position, he engaged as book-keejier for the Wali]ieton Elevator Company for one year. For two years thereafter he was book-keejier for the L'lr/i/(i)id Coi/tifi/ (lazetie, during which time he held the ollice of justice of theiieace. He was then apjiointed deput}' auditor of Rich- land count}^ November 15, 1888. In December, 18G5, Captain Gregg was mai'ried to Miss Margaret McArthur, of Chicago, Illinois, a sister of (leneral .lolm McArthur, and adaughterof.Iohn McArthur, of (Miiciigo, Illinois. Her father was a naiive of Scotland. (^a])tain (Tr(\gg is a stanch republican in politics, is a iiKMiiberof the 1. O. O. l'\, (i. A. R., and the Knights of Rythias. He is one of Wahpeton's leading citizens and is esteemed by all who know him. -♦- .-^. — RANK KENT is engMged in the 0111- W^ nibus and dray business in Alexan- dria, Minnesota. J\Ir. Kent is a native of Penobscot county, Maine, and was born on the 23d of March, 1831. His father, William Kent, was a native of New Hampshire. His mother's name was Nancy (Stewart) Kent, and she also was a native of New Hampshire. The father was a cooper by trade, and fol- lowed that business in IMaine during his resi- dence there, until, in l.s;]4, he came west to Illinois to prosjiect, and while there was PARK A'/iCi/OiVS O/-' MINIVESOTA. 309 taken sick and died. TTis" mother, "Nancy (Stewai't) Xent, died in New Ilainpsliire in .lanuary, 1864, leaving only one child, the suiijiict ol'this sketch. The Kent family are of iliiglisii ancestry, and on the Stewai't sule of Scotch ancestry. Frank Kent, the subject of our sketch, afler liis father's deatii was bound out to a farmer and raised 011 a, farm until he was fourteen years old. He tiicn went into a saw-mill to work, and remained eight years, and during tlie last tliree years had charge of the null wliere twenty men were employed. In 18r)5 Mr. Kent came to Minnesota, and lirst went into the pineries at St. Croix. Here his capability for management was recognized by his employers, and he was niven fiiarge of a large driviu'*- crow and later of a I'afting crew. lie remained at work in the pineries on the St. Croix river until .luly, 185*!. \\q then came to St. An- tiiony, now East Minu('a])()lis. Again he went into tin; milling business and was"-iven charge of one of the saws in a large steam saw-mill. He continued steadily at this for Mve months. At the end of this time, he, together with (ieorge Forbes, fitted out a ijatteau (a boat), and sup[)lying it with pro- visions and tools for work started for Perke- ganny Camp up the Mississippi river. This was on the 7tli day of November, 1856. They started on their cruise and succeeded in rcaciiingan island in the Mississip])i river some six miles up tlie river, at which j)lace they were frozen in for three days, then wai'm weather came on and tiiey went on to clear water, llei'c they abandoned the enter- pris(! and then struck across the country, fourteen miles, to Cold Spring City, where (ieorge Forbes took a contract to build a saw- mill, and Mr. Kent took a contract to get out tlie tind)er for the same. The following sjjriiig Ml-. Kent started the mill and worked in that business during the entire summer, tills being the summer of 1857. That fall he rented the mill, and ran it under his own |)roprietorsliip until 1859, emjiloying until this time, two men. In 1859 he quit the mill business and gave his attiMition more directly to farming, for, prior to this (lat(% he had taken a claim for 160 acres of land near Mimic. His ])artner, at the same time, had taken 160 acres of land near Mr. Kent's claim. Later they selected a town site of 320 acres on the Sauk river. On this town site they built a house and made other im- provements, but finding this to be a bad in- vestment they gave it up, and in the spring of 1860 sold their claim for a small compen- sation. ]\Ir. Kent then went to Colorado, and engaged in the mining business for two seasons, but was not very successful in finding gold. lie succeeded in reaching lionK; two years later with but very little tf) show for his two s(;asonss])ent in the gold regions. He then came to St. Cloud, Minnesota, tliisbc- ingin November, 1861. While in Colorado, for a ])art of the time he had engaged in the transporting business, and had four nudes and one pony, which he brought to St. Cloud with him. In the winter of 1861-62 he engaged in the freighting business, driving from St. Cloud to St. Paul for ,1. C. and II. C. Eurbank & Co. In the fall of 1862 he (|uit this business, purchased goods, and with his team drove to Georgetown, selling the goods on his way. Eeaching George- town, he received news of the Indian out- break, anil tlien drove to Ft. Abercrombie, where he enlisteil with the settlers to fight the Indians. The Indians made a dash upon the fort and made their way to the stables, where Mr. Kent and E. M. Wright shot two of the Indians and captured a double-barrel gun, which Mr. Kent still has in his posses- sion. Mr. AVright is now a resident of Fergus Falls, Minnesota. An incident occurred here at the fort which shows how nearly Mr. Kent came to losing his life. Before entering the fort the Indians 3IO RED RIVER VALLEY AND might readily have killed liim, but they were slow in making their attack, and, by watch- ing his opportunity, he gained entrance into the fort before their attack upon him was made. While here he was sent with another man as a messenger from the fort, having to go to Georgetown to bring the families of tlie liolders of the foi-t to that place. A body of troops escorted them for a short dis- tance through the timber, and then the_v started alone with their horses. They had gone but a short distance when they heard firing, and looking back saw tiie soldiers and Indians fighting, so they thought there would Ije no chance to get the fami- lies fi'om Geoi'getown to the fort, and he struck out for Crow Wing, going thence to St. Cloud. The fort was re-inforced within a day or two afterward and all the citizens and their families came to St. Cloud- Mr. Kent spent three weeks in the fort prior to his leaving for St. Cloud. After remain- ing a short time in government employ in St. Cloud, he went up the Sauk river to pur- chase grain for Capt. T. D. Smith, of St. Paul. During this winter he was engaged in hauling Government supplies from St. Cloud to Ft. Abercrombie. In the spring he commenced freighting for himself and othei's, making several trips to AViiinipeg. lie followed this Inisiness from 1802 to 1866. In 1866 he Ixmglit a farm of 320 acres at St. ]\rartin, and enoajieii in the farming liusiness for two years. At this time he sold the farm and went to IVfelrose, ^linnesota, and pre empted KiO acres, and lived hei'e upon this farm fur a period of seven years. Dur- ing this time he did considerable freighting, making some money. In 1875 he sold the farm and moved into the village of Melrose. He then engaged in the freighting business between this point and Alexandria, Minne- sota, keeping a number of teams continually for three years. In 187S he moved to Alex- andria, which place has since been his home. The subject of this sketch was married in 1862 to Miss Elvira M. Fadden, of St. Cloud, Minnesota, daughter of Joseph Fadden, of that place. Six children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Kent, their names being Charles F., Le Kona, George II., Eugene F., Lewis S. and Harry B. Mr. Kent is one of the prominent business men of Alexandria, an industrious, intelli- gent, enterprising citizen. On coming to Alexandria he made several valualile invest- ments and purchased a valuable piece of proj)- ert\' opposite what is known as the Letson House block. Since coming to Alexandria he has been engaged in the omnibus ami dray business, keeps thi'ee men eni])loyed continually, and has practically a monoiwly on the 'bus business in the village of Alex- andria. In politics Mr. Kent is a rei)ub- lican. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and also of the Congregational society of Alexandi-ia. In all matters per- taining to the best interests of the city, Mr. Kent has shown himself to be one of the most enterjirising and most liberal of her citizens. JpiMES F. COWIE, attorncy-at-law, of fs^ Fergus Falls, Minnesota, is a native of the State of Maryland, where he was boi-n in 1854. His parents were of Scotcli de- scent, and at an early age Mr. Cowie removed with them to western Wisconsin. The Cowies were in that j)ortion of Wisconsin which was but scantily settled, and conse- quently Mr. Cowie's early life was s))ent as a farmer's son, in daj's when schools, like I'ail- I'oads, were not very numerous in that por- tion of the country'. He received a common school education, and, at the age of seven- teen, began teaching in the public schools during the winter, working on his father's farm" durinir the summei'. In this wav he PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 311 saved enough money to take a college course, wliic'h he did, oraduatino: from a colles'e in I, a Crosse in 1876. Mr. Cowie first came AYest in 1881, enter- ing tlie einjiloy of tlio L. C. Porter Milling Company, at Goodwin, Dakota Territory, and afterward of Nicollet, Minnesota. In August, 1SS2, Ml'. Cowie cauie to Fei-gus Falls. lie began the study of law while in college and was admitted to the bar in this city in 18S;], and was for two years a mem- ber of the firm of Clapp, "Woodard & Cowie, but on the election of Mr. Cla])p to the olHce of attorney-general, Mr. Cowie opened an office for himself, and has since been a successful and ])ainstaking attorney. Tie was elected alderman in what is fa- miliarly known as the " Fighting Third " Ward of the citj'^, and has made an excellent officer. He has at all times been a fearless defender of what he deemed tiie right, and has served the city in an able and efficient manner. Plis nomination for the legislature in the fall of 1888 was given him without solicitation on his part and reluctantly ac- ce[)ted by him, but having accej>ted the nomi- nation, he at once set out to make an asftres- sive and honorable campaign in the face of a large republican majority. He was unsuc- cessful, however, being defeated at the polls. Mr. Cowie's parents were Hon. George and Margaret (Faulds) Cowie, natives of (ilasgow, Scotland. The parents came to America in 18-15, settling in Nova Scotia. Tiie father was by occupation a miner, and engaged in work in the coal, iron and gold mines indiff'erentpartsof America. In 1811> he crossed the plains to California, remain- ing in the gold fields until 1853, at which time he I'eturned to the East, settlino' in Washington county, Maryland, where he followed his old business of mining until 1850. At this time he removed to Buffalo county, Wisconsin, where he turned his at- tention to fanning, and where he still lives. At present he is engaged extensively in farming and also in stock-raising. He is one of the wealthy and successful farmers of that county. He was chosen to represent the people of his county in the State legis- lature of the State of Wisconsin in 1872. He has been chairman of the town board and chairman of the board of county supervisors. In local politics he is a man of much in- fluence, and is respected by all who know him. He had a family of eleven childi'cn, seven of whom are now living — James F., George M., Allen J., Albert E., Eobert, Frank and Mag-gie. Those that died were Annie, Nettie, who was Mrs. M. J. Shan- nessy, and David. ]\trs. Shannessy left two children, twins — Maude and Mabel. Mr. Cowie was married in .1877 to Miss Jennie Bert, who had been a school-mate during his school-days and a former pupil. Mrs. Cowie was the daughter of Roijert and Jennie Bert, natives of Scotland. Iler ])ar- ents came to America in about 1845, settling in Pennsylvania. They now' live in Buffalo county, Wisconsin, at Glencoe, to which [)lace they moved in 1857. He is now engaged extensively in farming and stock- raising, ami is one of the prominent and wealthy men of that county. Mr. and Mrs. Cowie liave a family of three children — Lewis, Elsie and Robert. Mr. Cowie has attained to considerable prominence in local politics, and has for some time, in fact since 1886, been a member of the city council. In politics he affiliates with the democratic part}', and is a leading member of theMasor.ic fraternity. He lives in a fine residence on Vine street. |(^REDERICK T. KOYLE, M. D., one of the prominent physicians of the village of Ada, and the county coroner of Norman county, Minnesota, is one of the oldest residents of Ada, having located there 312 RED KU'ER \ ALLEY AXn in the summer of 1882. He at once opened an office for tlie practice of his profession, and liiis continued in the discliarge of his duties therein ever since. In the fall of the same year he, beginning to be appreciated at his true worth, was appointed deputy coroner, and in the fall of 1883 was duly chosen by the qualified electors of the county to fill the office of coroner, and has been continued in that position to the present, lie has also served on the village board of health for several years. Dr. Koyle first saw the light January 12, 1859, in Ijrockvilie, Ontario, Canada, and is the son of Turner and Lydia E. (l^nrvis) Koyle. Receiving his primary education in the common schools of his native town and pursuing his more advanced studies in the Collegiate Institute at Col)urg, Ontario, he spent his time in the school-room until he was about seventeen years of age. In 187Y he matriculated at the medical department of Queen's College, Kingston, Ontario, Can- ada, from which institution of learning he was graduated with honors in the spring of 1882. From there he went to Montreal, where he spent a few months in the hospital for the purpose of enlarging his studies, and from that city started for Grand Forks, Dakota. On his way thither he came up to see the new village of Ada, of wjiicii he had heard most favorable reports, and l)eing im- pressed with its jiromise determined to cast, in his lot witii tiio peo]ile of that village, and lias remained evei' since. When the doctor ari-ived in \(\\\ lie iiad only $10, but by close attention to the duties of his profession, with his excellent judgment and eminent achievements in all branches of medical science, he has succeeded in placing himself in a most favorable condition finan- cia!l\\ He occupies a high rank in the frater- nity of physicians of the county, and has one of the largest and best practices in the village. His genial, whole-souled manner makes him a favorite in the sick room, and he is, socially speaking, one of the most ])oi)ular men in the community. Dr. Ko3'le was united in marriage July 29, 1884, with Mrs. E. E. Hardy tiee Jenkins, a native of Glens Fulls. New York, and the daughter of Chauncy and Sadie (^ Davis) Jenkins. Our subject is a prominent and active member of the Masonic fraternity, having been made a Mason in Norman Lodge, No. i54, A. F. & A. M., in 1883, and now occu- pies the high position of worshipful master of the hidge, anil takes great interest in all the workings of the order. -^> ^MTEPHEN H. PARKHURST, a jn'om- "^i^^^ inent attorney -at-law in the famous Ked River Valley of Minnesota, is a resident of the city of East Grand Forks, Polk county, Minnesota, where he is enaaged in an exten- sive law and collection business. He is a native of Vermont, born in Stockbridge on the 17th of September, 1825, and is a son of Stephen and Kesiah (Nanson) Parkhurst, natives of Vermont. The grandfather of the present subject was one of the earliest set- tlers in the village of Royalton, Vermont, and was residing there when the Indians destroyed the town l)y fire. He had always been on friendly terms with the '" red men " of that locality, and on this account they spared his house from the l)i-and. The father anil mother of oui- subject were the parents of the following named children — Harriet, Benjamin, Phebe, Daniel, George, Eunice, Juliana and Stephen II. Stephen II. Parkhurst, of whom this sketch treats, remained in Stockbridge until four years old, at which time he removed with his parents to Brandon, Rutland county, Ver- mont, where he remained for sixteen years. Durinn- that time he attended the common PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 313 schools until March, IS-H, when he secured a position as clerk in tiie postoffice and re- mained ill that capacity until the postmas- ter was I'einoved by the President. In 1842 or 1843 he was einplo\'ed in the cjuarter- master's department, under General Clark. His duty was to overhaul and examine the arms in the arsenals. As these duties occu- pied his attention only in the summer, he taught school in tiie winter, and in October, 184ssed this union — Jessie L. Mrs. Orcutt is a lady of refinement and finely educated, and is one of the moving spirits in the society of Wahpeton. Mr. Orcutt is a democrat in ]H)litics, is an Odd-Fellow and a member of the G. A. R. lie has been county commissioner and city treasurer for several years, and is now tiie city assessor. Mr. Orcutt is a man possessed of broad ideas, progressive in his thought, and e.Kerts an extensive influence among his fellow-citizens, l)y whom he is universally respected. «" -»► ^^HARLES E. SAWYER, the efficient ^^y cashiei- of the First National Bank of Crookston, Minnesota, is one of the rising \'oung business men of that city and real estate owners of the county. The subject of this sketch was born at AVaukesha, Waukesiia county, Wisconsin, Sejjtember 26, 1857, and is the son of Silas S, Sawyer, of that city. He renniined at home with his parents until he had attained the age of sixteen 3'ears, drawing his educa- tion from the excellent schools of the city of his birtli. In 1874 he entered the emplo}" of the Waukesha National Bank and remained witli that institution for a period of seven years. In Octoljcr, 1881, lie went to Chicago, Illinois, where, for a few months, lie was employed in the First National Bank. At tiie expiration of that time he removed to Ilacine, Wisconsin, and was employed by the widely-known J. I. Case Threshing Maciiine Com^iany in the responsible position of cashier from January, 1882, until January, 1885. At the latter date he came to Crook- ston to assume the duties of cashier of the First National Bank of that place, a ]X)sition which he still holds. The First National Bank of Crookston was established in October, 1881, by the individual members of the J. 1. Case Thresh- ing Machine Comjiany, and incor])orated with a ca])ital stock of $50,000. In January, 1884, the capital slock was increased to $100,000, and the i)ank is to-day the most important monetary institution in the city. ]\Iembers of the J. I. Case Company are still large stockholders in the bank, as is Mr. Sawyer. The latter, as one of the board of directors and as cashier, has materially helped in bringing the business to its high state of efticiencv and financial standing in the community, and has prospered in his own investments to a satisfactory degree. He has real estate interests in the city of Crookston and a consideral)le amount of improved and unimproved fai'm lands thi'oughout tlie county. One farm of lOo acres, in the en- virons of the city, he cari'ies on under in's own supervision. A man of sterling integrity, affable man- ners, and ])ublic-spirite(l and lii)eral, he is an honor to tlie community in wliich he I'esides, and is held in the highest appreciation by the citizens of Crookston and the sui'round- ing countr}'. He is a member of Crookston Lodge, No. 141, A. F. and A. M., and of Pierson Chapter, No. 40, E. A. M. Mr. Saw- yer is a member of the First Baptist church PARK REGIONS oF MINNESOTA. 319 of the city and one of the trustees of that congregation. Mucli of liis spare time is jriven to religious worlc and the advancement of the cause of Christ, and he endeavors in all things to square his life by the teachings of the Christian religion. On the 24th of January, 1888, Mr. Sawyer was united in matrimonial bonds with Miss Elsie Jennings, a native of Wisconsin and the daughter of I. U. Jennings, of Crookston. -«" ►^^ ^^RICK FRANKBERG, tiie city police ^P- justice of Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, ]\rinnesota, is a native of Sweden, born on the yth day of August, 1850. His parents were Andrew and Britta O. D. (Johnson) Berg, both of whom were natives of Sweden. The father was born in 1805. The father's father was Magnus Berg, and the mother's father was Oloff Johnson. They were all well-to-do-farmers, and were prominent in the affairs of their native country. Magnus Berg was in the war of 1808-9, and served about three 3'ears. He had a large family, of whom four sons anil one daughter lived to manhood and womanhood. Oloff Johnson had only two daughters, one of whom died at twenty-two, and the other, tlie mother of the subject of our sketch, lived until 1877, when she died in her native land. She was born in 1815. Andrew Berg, the father of the subject of our sketch, was a carpenter and builder by trade, and also a pattern-maker. He fol- lowed these lines until 1871, when he re- tired from active business life. Previous to this, however, he had engaged extensively in farming, and ran a large farm in connec- tion with his other business, but in 1856 gave his farm into other hands. From 1871 untd his death in 1880 he lived a retired life, lie aiul his wife wei'o loyal and ])rom- inent members of the Lntheran church, in which he held a leading office for many years. He was a, liberal-hearted man, and was always ready to hel]) the poor. He was respected and loved b}' all in life and la- mented in death. His wife was a lady of generous qualities, nmch given to alms- giving, and belonged to various organiza- tions for the promotion of social purity and for the good of her people. They had a familfy of six children — Oloff, now dead ; Magnus, Anna, now Mrs. Johnson ; Ei'ick, Andreas, and Jonas, now dead. Three of these children came to America. Oloff set- tled in Chicago, where he was engaged in building and contracting. He came to America in 18(17 with his sister, Mrs. John- son. He lived in Chicago until his death, which occurred in 1875. The rest of the children remained in Sweden with the ex- ce])tion of tlie subject of our sketch. Mr. Frankberg, whose name appears at the head of this sketch, reached Chicago, Hlinois, on the 12th of August, 1871, having left Guttenburg, in his native land, Jidy 21st, of the same year. His childhood-days were spent in school in liis native land. Until thirteen years of age he attended the public schools, and at that age he had passed all the grades taught in those institutions. At this time he was sent to his uncle Mair- nus, where for one year he attended a select school. After this he was sent to the city of lludicksvall, where he continued his studies in the high school for one year, at which time he was confirmed in the Luthei'an church of that city. He was then engaged as clerk by the proprietor of the jirincipal hotel of .that place, in which employment he remained for one ^ear. His father now insisted that he learn the trade of carjien- ter and builder, and the son engaged in this line for two and one-half years. Then for one year longer he served with H. Shavon, in the city of Hernosand, Nor- 320 JiEn a'/j'/:k vaij.ky Axn land, finisliing his apprenticeship to that trade. At this time lie returned home, and, wiicn twenty j'ears of age. in obedience to the Swedish law extant at that time, he attended a military school, being promoted for the third time to the office of vice-corpo- ral. After remaining for one month he visited his father's family for some three weeks, and then migrated to America, com- ing to Cliicago in 1871. In Chicago he turned his attention to working at his trade, and, togetlier witli liis oldest brother, took and fulfilled a great many contracts for building. On the 9tii of October of that year came tiie terrible Chicago fire. At this time tlie Ijrotliers were just completing a new buikling. Tliis, together with a great many valuables that he had brought from Sweden, was burned and utterly destroyed. His loss directly from the fire was over $1,200, and in a siioit time he lost $292 more that had been deposited in a bank ; the bank failed, and he was out of money. After the fire he worked at his trade; and was very successful.. He overworked, how- ever, and was taken sick with a fever, being laid up for nine weeks, and was, during the most of this time, paying $5 a week for board and $1 \>av day for doctors sei'vices. This sickness ate up all of his hard earnings. On his recovei'y he again turned Jiis atten- tion to worla'ng at his trade, and was again successful in gathering together considei'able money. During the winter in 1872 he went to a private school for tlie i)urpose of learning the English language and the business cus- toms of our country. Again he turned his attention to the carpenter's trade, continuing in this business until 1875, when he went to Pierce county, Wisconsin, where he was en- gaged in contracting and building until 1880. During this time he served as constable for two 3'ears and studied law some. J)Ut he longed to come further west, and on the 2d day of October landed at Fergus Falls, Minnesota, where he went to work for Erwin Gage at the carj)enter's trade. Here he had charge of the building of the school-house that was destroyed bv fire in 1887. He fol- lowed the inisiness of building and contract- ing until 1884, when he engaged in other lines, and turned his attention to real estate business pi'incipally. He followed this until 1885, when he was appointed city justice to fill out the unexpired term of Soren Listoe. In the spring of 1887 he was elected to that office without opposition and has held that position since. He has held nu- merous other positions of trust, being atone time appointed superintendent of tlie con- struction of the high-school building. Dur- ing the 3'ear 1872, when in the citv of Chi- cago, he made his declaration of citizenship and took out his first ])apers in the spring of 1877, then being in Pierce county, Wiscon- sin. His application was made before Judge Eundy from whom he received his luitural- ization papers. On the 24th day of November, 1887, Mr. Frankberg was married to Miss Louise Johnson, of Pepin county, Wisconsin. She was a native of Sweden and came to America when twelve years of age. She was born October 23, 1850. Two sons have blessed this union — Albei't P., bom February 4, 1881 ; and George W., born December 20, 1 882. Mr. Frankberg owns a comfoi-tablc home on Summit avenue, which he built in 1882. In politics he is a standi republican, and with his wife and famil}' attentls the Luth- eran church. He is a leading member of the Odd-Fellows fraternity, being deputy grand master of this district. He became a member of the Odd-Fellows lodge Decem- ber 25, 1870. In politics Mr. Frankberg takes a ])rominent jilace. In 1880 he was appointed secretary of the republican county committee, and in 1888, during the entire campaign, was chaii'inan of the republican PARK KEGIOXS OF MINNESOTA. yi\ committee of Otter Tail count}'. He li.is proven iiimself an earnest, enthusiastic worker in political matters, and at all times a wise counselor. Ilis parents' name was llerg, but on attending the millitar\' school in Sweden lie was given the name of Frank, so that ilis name became Frankl)erg. li'HOMAS D. MULLIN, one of the prominent business men of the famous Park Regions of ^Minnesota, is at the present writin"- engaged in the collection business in tlie thriving village of Herman, Grcint fonntv, ^Minnesota. He is a native of New Brunswick. Ijorn on the ISth of Februaiw, 18.5;^., and is the son of Joseph and Rachel (Davis) MuUin, natives of Ireland and Wales, respectively. The grandfather of our subject on his mother's side was John Davis, a far- mer and a native of Wales. The grandfather of the subject of this sketch on his father's side was John Arthur Mullin, a native of Ireland, and at one time a merchant in that country. The father of our subject died in April, 1867, and was by occupation a school-teacher. He was also engaged at manufacturing boots imd sho(>s in the citj^ of Fredricton, New Bmnswiek, for a good man}' years. He with his family belonged to the Free Baptist cimi'ch. Tliey had a family of the following- named children — John A., Amelia, JosepJi II., Eldon, Sarah A., George L., Thomas D., Melijurn S., Barnett M. and William II. George was drowned at the age of eleven years, in the St. John river. New Brunswick. John died in a Florida hospital three months before the close of the Civil War. He en- listed in a Maine Cavalry Kegiment. Joseph (bed in June, 1886, in the land of his birth. New Brunswick, being forty years old. He was head salesman in a large dry goods firm at the city of Fredricton, New Brunswick. Mr. Mullin, the suliject of this ijiograph- ical sketch, spent hissciiool-daysin his native land, and at the age of seventeen years quit his sciiool-life and commenced an ajipren- ticeship in a carriage-shop, continuing at his trade until 1882. Prior to this, in 1879, he had I'emoved to Herman, Grant county, Minnesota, and engaged at his trade until the tune mentioned. After quitting his trade he engaged in the hotel business, and during that summer successfully operated the Commercial House in Herman. He then eng-aged in the same class of business, in ^vhich he is now engaged. He traveled as a collector for the AValter A. Wood Ilarv ester Works, and in Jime, 1888, resigned his position with that company and commenced his present collection business on his own ac- count. He is extensively engaged in this line of work and is considered to be one of the best men in his line. He cari'ies all lines of collections, and, as he is a man of the utmost honor and integrity, he commands a large aiul growing business, and is one of Grant county's most prominent business men-. Mr. Mullin was jnarried November 23, ISSl, to Miss Abbie S. Cater, who was born at Lawrence, Massachusetts, in 1856. She is the daughter of Andrew J. (^ater, a farmer and lumberman, who with his family came to Minnesota, in lS6tt, and settled at Princeton, Minnesota. She is one of six children, and was educated in Minnea])olis, Minnesota. Mr. and Mrs. Mullin are the parents of one child, Genevive, born August 15, 1882. Mr. Mullin was engaged three years M'ith C. M. Stevens in the collection business, and after leaving that gentleman engaged with the Harvester Works. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity — a member of Pres- cott Lodge, No. 162, A. F. & A. M. Eldon^ the brother of our subject, is principal of the Provincial Normal School, in Fredricton, New Brunswick, and is considei-ed to be the most highly educated man in tiie jjrovince. In 322 HEn laVER VALLEY AXD 1886 he was appointed as commissioner of education at the Indian Colonial Exhibition, atLimdon, England. Earnett.anotlier brother of Mr. J\[iillin, is a principal ol' a school in St. Mary's, New Brunswick ; and Melbourn was a partner of our subject's in the carriage business in the village of ITavlock, Tsew 15runswiclc, but since the fall of 1879 he has been in the employ of the Government Kailway Works in the city of Moncton, New Jjrunswick. SWEET, a farmer of , ^Minnesota, is a son of Henry and Jane (Dandley) Sweet, natives of New York and Connecticut, respectively, lie was born in the province of Ontario, May 22, 1S4S. He nuide ids home with his parents until h(' was twenty -five years of age. He followed the business of farming in On- tario till the spring of 1881, when he re- moved to the United States, coming directly to Fisher, Minnesota, where, the first year, he bought IGO acres of land, and the next year purchased eighty acres more, making him a tine farm of 240 acres, besides a piece of timber land on the banks of the Red river. He is an exemplary citizen and a suc- cessful farmer. He resides, at this writing, in Fislier village. Ephraim A. Sweet was mari'ied May 2t», 1ST3. to Miss Agnes E. As- selstine, daugiiter of Benjamin and Chai'- lotte (Huffman) Asselstine, natives of Ontario. The fruits of this mari'iage were the follow- ing cliildrcn — Mabel O., Arthur G., Cyrus J., George 11., Edna May, and Harry B., all of whom are living, except George 11., who died the fall after they came to this country. Ephraim's parents, who both died in Ontario, have six children, who still survive them at this date — Mulford J., James, George W., Esther M., Orison D. and the subject of this sketch. The parents of Mrs. Sweet also died in Ontario, and she has eight brothere and • sisters now living — Wesley, Cyrus, Nicholas, j Coleman, Charlotte, Mai'v, Olivia, and Effie. ISIr. Sweet and his family are members of tiie _■ ]\ret]iodist Episcopal church. He has served I as township clerk, supervisor, anti sciiool ^ clerk, also as steward of his ciiui-ch. ©EXTER E. BRONSON, the affable and accommodating ))roprietor of the sale and livery stable in Breckenridge, Min- nesota, is a native of New York. He was born in Chautauqua county, New York, in 183S, and is a son of George A. and IMary (Barnes) Bronson, natives of the "Empire State." The father was a blacksmith by trade, and remained in his native State until 1859, when he went to California, where he died September 20, 186(i, and the mother died March 4, 1861. They had four children who are now living — Dexter E., Phoebe E.. now Mrs. Cyrus Underwood; Alice A., now Mrs. Ferrin, and Georgia, the wife of Mr. Hale. Tlie subject of this sketch remained at home attending school until he was twenty years of age, at which time he commenced in life for himself. He opened a hotel in Bradford, Iowa, where he had settled in 1S53 with his parents, lie enlisted, October 2, 1862, in Comjiany B, Sixth Iowa Cavalry, and was in the service three years. He was promoted to llrst lieutenant and afterward to ca]itain. He served in the Indian war in Dakota, and, after his lionorable discharge, moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he remained for several years engaged in the contracting business. In 1879 he moved to Pope countv, Minnesota, and settled on a farm near Han- cock, where he remained engaged in agri- cultural pursuits for three years. In 1881 he removetl to Wilkin county, Miniu'sota, and settled in Breckenridge, still operating PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA 323 his farm in Pope county for one j'ear. On settling in Breckenriclge, he engaged in tlie hotel business, which he followed for three years. lie then started in his present busi- ness, at which he has since been engaged. Mr. Bronson was united in marriage in ISGU to Miss Yira Foster, and this union has been blessed with two children — George A. and Fi-ank D. Mrs. Bronson is a native of Maine, and is a daughter of Dr. E. 11. Foster. i\Ir. Bronson is one of the most prominent men of his village. He held the othce of city marshal for one year, and takes an active interest in all public matters. He is an adherent to the principles of the repub- lican part}'. R. BRIGGS. The bar of the Eed L-H^- liiver Yallev includes many of the most able lawyers in the State, and the gen- tleman whose name heads this article may justly ha rated as one of the most prominent among them. E. E. Briggs was born at Lake Mills, Jeffer- son county, Wisconsin, April 20, 1851, and is the son of Silas II. and Sarah A. (Eeed) Briggs. The father was born in Steuben county, New York, and the mother was a native of Waupaca, Wisconsin. Silas H. came to Wisconsin when a young man, en- gaging at both farming and mercantile busi- ness, lie left that section in 1865 and went to Filhnoi'e county, Minnesota, and farmed for two years ; from there he moved to Wi- nona, where he ran a boarding-house. His wife died at that place in 180S. He remained a few months, and moved to Martin county, Minnesota, again engaii'ing in farming, fol- lowing the same until 1885, when he died. His people were of English origin, and he was a man of mucli ])rominence in AViscon- sin. Sarah II. Eeed's father was a native of New York, but came to Wisconsin in an early da}'. He spent his last days at St. Charles, Minnesota, where he died in 1885. He was also of English origin. Our subject, E. E. Briggs, lived with his parents until fourteen j'ears of age, at Wyocena, Wisconsin, where he attended the common schools with the now celebrated Dr. N. E. Wood, of Brooklyn, New York. Our subject then went to Fillmore count}', Min- nesota, to assist his father in farm work, also accompanied them to Winona, where he did all kinds of manual labor, jiaying for his own schooling at the Winona High School, from which he graduated, in 18T1, with high honors in the first class which graduated from that school. He made his home for one year with Mrs. Mary C. Nind, who is corresponding secretary of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal church. Prior to his graduation he taught school six months in Wisconsin, one term at Mt. Yernon, Minnesota, and one terra at Pickwick. After he had graduated, he was tendered the professorship of the Eed Wing Institute, then under the presidenc}^ of W. P. Hood, He refused this, howevei', and entered the law Urm of Simpon i*»: AVilson, at AA'^inona, under the tutorship of Judge Abner Lewis, a former member of Congress from New York. After being a student for three years, he was admitted to the bar in 1873, and at once began practice at Winona, where he remained until 1878, when he came to Moor- head. His (office is now in the Grand Pa- cific hotel. He is said to possess the most complete private lil)rary in the Nortliwest, much larger than found in an}' of the public libraries. He values this choice library and his law library at $10,000 dollars. His pi'ac- tice is a large one antl is still increasino-. No man of Moorhead has accomplished more or put forth more effort to buikl up the city and county than has our subject. He was interested in the various raili-oads 324 nED RIVER VALLEY AND diverging from the place. lie aided the Mooriiead foundry and machine shop, also was ]iroininont in the !Moorlicad Publishing Company (Moorhead Evening NnoH),i\\\iS. has also been a successful ojierator in farm in- dustry. His residence, which is one of Mooi'iioad's best, is situated on Eighth and Gai'i'Dwa}' streets, n))on a beautiful plat of nine lots. Mr. Briggs was mai'i'ied July 4, 1875, to Miss Lizzie IJascomb, of Wisconsin. She was a student at the Northwestern Univer- sity at Evnnston, Tliinois, and a pupil of the celebrated Miss Frances Willard. She also followed teaching in Minnesota some, prior to her marriage. Sheis nowtliemotherof three children — Florence E., Earl E., and Edith. Mrs. Briggs is a faithful Christian worker and is vice-president of the W. C. T. U. of Minnesota, and president of her district for the same society. Both parents and children belong to the Methodist Episcopal churcii. The father has been superintendent of a Sun- day -S(;hool for ten years, and has for a long ])eriod taught a class of young ladies. In 188i lie re])resented the Methodist EjMscojial eliurcli delpliia, as a lay lie holds the oflice of menibei'of the oiticial board of the Moorheatl church. He is a strong advocate of temperance principles and temperance laws, and is a thorough repub- lican in politics. Such is the life stor}' in brief of one of the most higldy esteemed gentlemen and one of the leadfng attornej's of Moorhead. at the general conference at Thila- delegate from Minnesota. -«- ^tf^ ©LE H. LUCKEN, the ])oi)ular and well-known treasurer of Polk county, Minnesota, is one of the "brave boys in l)lue "' to wlumi this nation is so much in- debted I'oi' their sei'vices during the late Civil War, and is the jiresent commander of Cob- ham Post, No. 90, G. A. R., of Crookston, of which city he is an influential and es- teemed citizen. It being within the scoi)eof tliis volume to give a short sketch of the lives of the jirom- inent and i-epresentative peo])le of this local- ity, it devolves upon us to place in i)roper order the narrative of the characteristics and events which constitute ^Mr. Lucken's biog- ra|)]iy. Ii<^ was i)orn in Norway, that cradle of so many dominant i-aces, on the 22d of September, ls;57, and is the son of Hans and Maria Luclcen. Beared amid his native hills, he there drank in that spirit of liberty and ind(>pendence that is so chai-actei-istic of the iiiMU. and there received the elements of an ('(hication, the birthright of every native of that favored kingilom. In 1S.")7, ijeing then some twenty years of age, he bade adieu to his Noi-thland liome, and, crossing the se.as, landed in Eastern Canada, where he made his home until September, 1801, when ho immigrated into the United States. Scarce had he reachcHl his post of destination, Madison, Wisconsin, when, on the 20th of September, he enlisted in Company H, Fif- teenth Wisconsin Infantry, and remained a member of that gallant band of heroic men until the spring of 186;"). He bore a con- spicuous })art in the capture of Island No. 10, in the battles of Perry ville and Stone Biver, and bore the Hag of his I'egiment, so oft the oi'iflamme of victory, thi'oughout the awful carnage of Chickamauga's bloody day and the perilous assault and cai)ture of the con- federate lines on Mission Bidge. At Chicka- mauga a minie-ball from an enemy's musket grazed his head, knocking him helpless and insensible with a wound upon his scalp. His comrades seeing him fall, left him on the Held for dead, but within an hour he was in his old place in the lines of the regiment, with his head tied up in a handkerchief and the beloved ensign of his adopted country waving; above him. The command luiving been assiiined to the column (ien. AV. T. PARK KEG JONS Ol- MINNESOTA 3-is Sherman, our suhjoct participated in all of the excitint^ scenes that heralded the fall of Atlanta, and in the battle of • Joncsboro. When Sherman piisiied out his columns to the sea, the Fifteenth Wisconsin was assigned for duty to the railroad between Nashville and Chattanooga, where our subject re- mained until Fel)ruary 18, 1865, when he was mustered out of the service. lieturniiig to Madison, Wisconsin, he was commissioned as first lieutenant of CduipanyE, Fifty-third Wis- consin Infantry, and did gallant service in Missouri until October 10, 18C5, when he was again mustered out and finally dis- ci larged. Immediately on leaving the service Mr. Lucken removed to the State of Iowa, and, putting up a woolen mill at Decorah, the seat of justice of Winneshiek county, con- tinued its o]ieration tiiere for about nine years. In 1874, dis[)osing of his property there, he removed to Lyle, Mower county, Minnesota, at which ]ioint he was engaged in the general merclumdise trade until the centennial year, ISTG, when, once more sell- ing out, he opened a general store at Bloom- ing Prairie, Steele county, this State, l)ut in 1878 disposed of it and came to Polk county. Here he took up a claim in the town of Rus- sia, but shoi'tly after was appointed receiver of the estate of T. II. Ergens, and remained tiiere until April, 1879, at which date he came to Crookston, where he has resided ever since. During that summer, a vacancy having occurred in the oiJice of the county treasurer, Mr. Lucken was apjiointed to that position. At the election in the succeeding fall he was chosen I>y the qualilied voters of the count}' to fill tiie same post, and has been continued therein by a discriminating and adiiiiriiii;- constitiieiicv, he lieino- elected his own successor ever since, lie has always been identified closel\' with the republican pai'ty,and stands liigii in the local councils of that organization. Tlie subject of this memoir is a leading and active memi)er of the Masonic frater- nity; was made a Mason in Great Light Lodge, No. 81, of Decorah, Iowa, in 1866, but is now a member of Crookston Lodge, No. 141, A. F. & A. M.; of Pierson Chapter, No. 40, K. A. M., and of Constantine Com- mandery, No. 20, K. T. Mr. Lucken was uniteil in marriage on the 27th of May, 1867, at Decorah, Iowa, with Miss Elizabeth Wilson, a native of Norway, and the daughter of Andrew and Elizabeth Wilson. By this union there has been born two children — Horace and Leonartl. ^4— «^^^ WINSLOW HOLASEK. Among the thrifty and frugal citizens of Grant county, Minnesota, is the gentleman whose name heads this biographical sketch. His beautiful farm, comprising 160 acres of well cultivated land lies in Logan township on section 22, where he carries on, success- full\% a general farming and stock-raising i)usiness. Mr. Holasek is a native of Minne- sota, born in Eden Prairie, Hennepin county, and is the son of Joseph and Mary (Charstic) Holasek, natives of Bohemia, a subdivision of the Austrian Empire. The father and mother of our subject emigrated to the Unit- ed States, and settled in Ilennejiin county, where they still remain. The father is a farmer, and is one of the representative citi- zens of the localitjr in which he resides. They are the parents of thirteen living chil- dren, named in the following order — Anna, ]\fary,AVinslow, Joseph, John, Julia, Stephen, Jennie, Frank, Fred, Eosa, Christena and Amiel. Winslow Holasek spent his school days in Hennepin county, attending for some time in Minneapolis, but principally in the district schools. At the age of nineteen years he left the school-room, and until he had reached 326 RED KIVER VALLE Y AND the age of twentv-ono. Avorkod for S. W. Fiirnliaiii, in Minneapolis. After remaining with this gentleman for about eighteen months, ^fr. Ilohisek moved to Grant county, j\Iinnesota, setthng, in ISSO, on his present tract of land in Logan township on section 22. On this jjlacc he has since remained, and is one of the prominent and influential farm- ers of that regicm. ~Wv. llolasek was united in the holy bonds of matrimony on the ISth day of February, 1882, to Miss Mary Souba, a native of Wis- consin. This union has lieen blessed witli two chiklren — Joseph W. and Rosa M. Mr. llolasek is a Catholic in religious belief. He is a man of the sti'ictest honor and integrity, highly esteemed by all his acquaintances. He holds the office of treasurer of Logan township and is also poundmaster. He affiliates with the democratic party and takes an active interest in that oi-ganiza- tion's campaigns. — — *-J€i^-'«— - rUDGE FOLSOM DOW is one of the landmarks of Richland county, North Dakota, having been the second settler in the village of Wahpeton. He has therefore been identifieil closely with all the interests of that place since its foundation. He is of EngHsh descent, and traces his ancestry back to Benjamin Dow, his great grand- father, who came to America from England, in about 1740, settling at Seabrook, New PLampshire. Benjamin Dow's son Winthrop was the grandfather of the subject of our sketch. Judge Dow was born in New Hampshire, August 5, 1838, his ]iarents being Samuel and Mary (Pease) Dow, natives of the same State. The mother was a daughtei' of Win- throp Pease, who was the son of Enoch Pease, a native of England, and who, on coming to this country, settled in Deerfield, New Hampshire, where he followed the busi- ness of farming. Samuel Dow was a farmer by occupation, and also dealt largely in cattle, buying and driving to Massachusetts, where he sold many head. He died in the place of his nativity January 19, ISOT. The mother died February 17, 1870. They had a family of three children, two of wlioni are now liv- ing — Louisa M., now Mrs. JUake. and Fol- som, whose name appears at the head of this sketch. Judge Dow spent his younger days on the home farm attending the district school. At fourteen he commenced a course in the Phillips Academy, where he attended every winter until he was seventeen years old. At that age he began the study of law with James McMurphy, Esq., in E]))iing. Rock- ingham county, New Ham])shire. He con- tinueil prosecuting his legal studios in the winter, and working on the farm during the summer, until lS6-t. In that year he was admitted to practice by the supreme court of New Hampshire. He then opened a law office in his native town, and engaged in active practice there until 1870. Durmg this time he had made his home on his mother's farm, Init after his mother's death, which occurred February 17th, in that year, he settled up the estate and started for the West, traveling in search of a location. For two months he traveled over the Northwest, " viewingtlie landscape o'er," and then settled for a short time in Yankton, Noilli Dakota. While on his prospecting tour he canu^ to North Dakota on a, Governnu'iit surveying corps. lie followed the lino Iruni LJrecken- ridge across the Boid Sioux river into T^akota, and when he passed over what is now the site of the county seat of Ricldand county, so struck was he with the beauty and lay of the country, that he concluded to mark it for his own. So, taking a stake, with his name carved upon it, he drove it into the ground as a land- r.lRK REGIOXS OF MINNESOTA. 327 mark. His prophecy has been verified in the fact that now tliat land lies within the lim- its of tiie city of Wahpeton. The same year he returned and built a house on this land, becoming the second settler in the place, where he has since resided. He com- menced operations on the farm by having forty acres broken and put under cultiva- tion. However, he had no idea of relin- quisiiing his hold on his ])rofession, so he openetl an otRce in his house and gave his at- tention to what business there was in the legal line. He was the first regularly ad- mitted lawyer in the county, and has con- tinued in active practice since coming to this county. The settlers organized a school board in 1ST3, andhe became one of its mem- bers, which position he held until 18S7, when he refused to serve longer. He was the first justice in the count}', being elected in 1S73, and married the first couple who were m.arried in the county. This couple, after their mari-iage, camped on the river bank, turning their oxen loose to graze on the prairie, and themselves sleeping in their covered wagon. In the morning they bought a few goods and then started for their home on the Cheyenne river, far to the northwest. Judge Dow has officiated at more marriages than any three men in the county, and seems to be in active demand by those desirous of laimching on the matrimonial sea. He has held tlie office of justice during most of the time since 1S73, when he was first elected. He has held other positions of trust and responsiliility, among them that of county superintendent of schools, county treasurer, and ilistrict attorney. He enjoys a large and lucrative practice, and is held in high esteem l)y his fellow-citizens. He buys and sells real estate ami makes collections. He has invested largely in lands throughout the county, and owns some village property. In January, 1882, Judge Dow was mar- ried to Miss Josephine M. Losinger, of Eoch- ester, Minnesota, daughter of Frederick and Harriett (Eaton) Losinger, natives of Penn- sylvania and Connecticut, resj^ectively. This marriage has been blessed with two children — Mary and Clarence S. Judge Dow is a supporter of the ]n'inci- ples of the I'epublican party, and is an ac- knowledged leader in its local affairs. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and attends the Congregational church, of which he is a trustee, and of which he was one of the lo- cal founders. The judge is a man of strong, decided opinions, is careful and conservative in all things, and by his integrity and fear- less defense of the right has endeared him- self to the hearts of all who know him. -*-: IP,.^ EWELL N. HARDY is the junior W^ member of the firm of Kortsch &c Hardy, of Alexandria, Minnesota. He was born in Rock count}', Wisconsin, on March 20, 1S43, and is the son of Samuel B. and Mary (Carlton) Hardy, natives of IVIassaehu- setts. His father was engaged during most of his life in the boot and shoe business, and, coming to "Wisconsin in about 1841, settled in Rock county, where he took Government land and engaged thereafter in farming. He remained in this county until 1853, when he sold out and came to Minnesota, settling on Spring creek, near Red Wing. At this place he also took Government land.and improved the same until ISG-l. At this time he moved into the city of Red Wing, where he engaged in the man- ufacture of boots and shoes. Later he went to Diamond IMuff, Wisconsin, where he eno-asred in the g-i-ocerv business. He re- niained in this ]ilace until his death, which occurred in 1SS4, in the month of May. The mother died in November, 1887. They were both members of the Methodist Episco])al church, the father having been prominent in the churches of which he had been a member, 328 HEI^ RIlEk VAII.EY JXJ) having held the position of ciass-leatler and otiiei" offices for many years. They liad a family of thirteen children, six of whom are now living — Charles C, Ebenezer, Xewell N., Albert H., Matilda A. and Julia A. Mr. Hardy, the subject of this sketch, spent his younger days on the farm, and received his education in the common schools of the State of Minnesota. In 1862 he enlisted in Company H, Eighth Ilegiment Minnesota A'ohmteers, and was in tiie service for three years and nine days. He was in four lieavy Indian l)alt](;s in Minnesota and on the l)lains of Dakota, saw service in seven battles of the South beside many skirmishes, witness- ing the severest service in the battles of Murfreesboro and ISTashville, where he saw the annihilation of Hood's army. From Nashville he went around l)y the coast where his regiment joinetl the corps of General Sherman. They remained one month with General Sherman's command, during a por- tion of his '• march to the sea." At Charles- ton, North Carolina, the regiment was dis- banded, and ilischarged at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. On receiving his discbarge from tile service he went to Pine Island, Minne- sota, where he eno-affed in farmin-:iged in the general '^P line of hrokeraye business in Fergus Falls, Minnesota. lie handles real estate and insurance, anil is general Ijusiness agent for what is known as the South Side Real Estate Headquarters. He collects rents, notes and accounts, and pays taxes for non-residents. His office is located in the Clement and Wriglit block, corner of Bismarck and Cas- cade streets. Mr. Clement is a native of Hopkinton, Merrimac county, ]^e\v Hampshire. He was born on the 8th day of December, 1824, and is the son of Caleb and Lydia (Gyle) Clement, natives of New Hampshire. The father was by occupation a farmer, and died in 1S2G. Caleb's father, Peltiaii, was a farmer by occupation and a native of Xew Hampshire. Lydia (Gyle) Clement's father was David GNde, also a native of New Hamp- shire, and a farmer. Caleb Clement had a family of three children — Sarah A., now Mrs. Chase ; Mehitable, now Mrs. McGoom ; and C. (!., the subject of our sketch. C.C.Clement remained beneath the par- ental I'oof until he was well along in years. When nine years of age his parents' moved to Lowell, Massachusetts, where he received a good public school education. At sixteen years of age he was a]iprenticed to learn the carpenter's trade, and served in this line until he was nineteen years old, at which time he coninienced work as a journeyman carjienter. doing some contracting in Lowell and \ iciruty. After completing his apprentic('slii[) he attended the academy at Fembi'ook, New Hampshire, for one year, and in 1850 went to California by way of the Isthmus of Panama. He remaineed in his trade, and in ISSl removed to East (irand Forks, Polk county, Minnesota, opened a siiop, and has since remained tiiere follow- ing his trade. He is prepared to do all kinds of smitliingand fancy shoeing, and gives the best of satisfaction to all his customers. He owns a substantial shop and a neat and commodious dweliing-house. Wv. Robinson was united in marriage on the 2Gth day of December, 1880, in East Grand Forks, to Miss Margaret !Mullally, the daughter of James and Phema (^lay) Mul- lally, natives of Ireland and Scotland, respect- ively. Mr. and JMrs. Robinson have been blessed with the following-named children — Gertrude, Jane, Mav and Andi'ew. Mr. Robinson is an active particinant in all local movements, and is an adherent to the principles of the republican ])arty. He is a worthy member of the Inde|)eiulent Order of Odd-Fellows at Graiul Forks, having joined the organization in Grand Forks in 1879. ■«— 1^^"»- »ETER F. McCOl.LOR is one of tlir Is'" many "brave boys in blue" who have found homes in the fertile I'ark Regions of jMinnesota, and it will fully re- pay the readiM- to carefully examine the sketches of such men as the suljject of this memoir, who have ])assed thi-ough life's many changes and vicissitutles, iiiudly set- tling down to (piiet lives in the fertile ]>rai- ries of Northwestern Minnesota. Mr. McCollor is a native of the Pine Tre<^ State, born in Somerset county, Maine, July 2, 1833, and is a son of Patrick and Jb'idget (Brennin) McCollor, natives of Ireland. Mrs. (Brennin) McCollor was the daughter of Barney Brennin, a farmer of Ireland. Pat- rick ^fcCollor was the son of Edward ]\rc- Collor, also a farnu^r of Irelaiul. The par- ents of oui- subject eniigi'ated tothel'nited States in 1812, settling in jVfaine, where they lived the remainder of theirlives. They had a family of twelve children, nanu-d in the following order — Bernard, Nancy, ,Ianies, John, Catharina, Patrick, Edward, David, Peter, Michael, Phineas and Thomas. Ber- PARK KEClONS OF MINNESOTA, 333 nard was in the Mexican War, and died in New York City from a disease contracted in tiie service. James, who was engageil in tiie bakeiw Inisiness in Chicago, Illinois, died there in ]ST<'>. IMichael was accidentally killed in the woods near Moosehead lake in 1880, leaving a wife and chikl to mourn his loss. Peter ^FcColloi', the subject of this me- moir, attended the excellent common schools of Anson, Maine, until he was twelve years old, when he removed with his parents to Lower Canada. He attended school until he was seventeen years old, at which time he returned to Maine witli his brothers, where he was engaged in the lum- bei'ing business until 1856. In 1S50 Mr. McCollor went to California, where he i'einainerop- ert}' was taken by the confederates in the Civil War and he was taken prisoner. His brother and friends have been able to find no trace of him since his captm'e. He either died in prison or was killed by the enemy. Another member of the family, James, is now living in Dakota. He is the son of Mrs. McKay by a second marriage. John A., the subject of our sketch, spent his early life on a farm. At sixteen years of age he went to work upon the river Clyde and also spent some time on the river Grand, in Canada, tlien later came to the State of Wisconsin, wlierc he worked in the river trade on the AVi How and Apple rivers. He followed this means of obtaining a liveli- hood for about eleven 3'ears. In 1870 he came to Douglas coimty, Minnesota, took a homestead within the city limits of the city of Alexandria and bad a log house built upon it, in which he lived for some five years. He then built a nice house and a fine barn. Mr. McKay has seen hard times since coming to this country, and has known what it is to be without money. On coming to Alexandria the only cash he had was twenty-five cents in paper money. He had to pawn his wedding coat for board over night and the next day. From these small beginnings Mr. McKay has risen to be one of the solid, prosperous citizens of Alexandria. \\(\ is the only brick maker in or around the city, manufactui'ing all the brick used here on his farm. He has done an extensive business in this line for the last ten years, employing continually from ten to twelve men. Besides this he engaged in farming and in running a busi- ness in the village. He owns a good place of business on Sixth avenue and a buildinor on Main street, two doors south of Walker's brick block. Mr. McKay's business ventures have been many and of various kinds. In 1877 he engaged in the furniture business, following the same with good success for eight or nine years. The winters of 1885, '86 and "'87 he spent in California specu- lating in land, in which business he made considerable money. His present business was started the 25th of September, 1888. Mr. McKay was married in 1869 to Miss Anna Hainor, of Pennsylvania. They have eleven children — William W., ilaud 11., John S., R03' C, Mabel, Florence, Ronald, Andrew H., Henry J. B., Sherman 15. and Annie B. Mr. McKay is a republican in j)olitics, and is also a member of the I. O. O. F. In jjolit- ical and business cii'cles he is prominent. He was trustee for the Ba))tist chui-ch for a number of years. He is acknowledged to be one of the most indefatigable workei-s in any line that will benefit Alexantlria, and is at the front in every effort to improve the city. He has held the office of justice of the peace for several years, and, in fact, has always taken an active and prominent part in all public affairs. WALLACE B. DOUGLAS. The subject of the present article is the county attorney for Clay count}', INlinnesotn, and is one of the most able and prominent members of thebar in the Red River Valley. He was born September 21, 1852, in Lewis county, New York. His parents were Asahel M. and Alma E. (Miller) Douglas, natives of PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 345 tlie same county and State, as our subject. Tlic father was an extensive farmer and sold out in the spring of 1867, coming west to Illinois, settling at Monience, Kankakee county of that State, where he renuiined until his death in 1869. The mother died in 1886. Asahel's father was Israel, who traced his forefatliers back to 1660, when they came from Scotland and made a home in Massa- chusetts. He became a very popular and influential man of his day and State. Isreal was a soldier in the Tlevolutionary War and followed farm life in times of peace. Asahel ^I. had a famih^ of tliree children, two of whom are yet living ; thej' were twins — our subject, Wallace B., and William A. The latter is now foreman in the large wliolesale house of Barrett & Barrett, Chicago, Illinois. Our subject was reared on the farm until he was fourteen years of age, receiving a fair education. He accompanied his parents to Illinois, where he took a jwsition with the C. E. it I. Railway Company, which he held a year. He then returned to the East and attended school at Cazenovia Seminary for a year, then returned to Illinois, accepting a position in the banking house of J. B. Dur- ham it Brother at ]\[omence. After a year in the liank. he commenced the study of law at Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he graduated in 1875, locating at Chicago, Illinois, in June, 1875. He , followed his chosen profession until 1883, when he thought he saw better things in store in the West, hence came to Moorhead. It should be here stated that one reason for coming to the last-named city was iiis failing health. In January, 1884, lie was apj)ointed city attorney, holding the same until May, 1888, when he declined a re-appointment. He was elected in 1886 and re-elected in 1888 county attorney for Clay count}', which office he still holds. Mr. Douglas was married in 1881 to Miss Ella M. Smith, a native of Channahon, Illinois, and a daughter of C. Smith. By this union there have been two children — Harold and Leila L. In political matters Mr. Douglas is a stanch republican. He is a member of both the Odd-Fellows and Masonic fraternities and stands high both as a lawyer and a citizen in the locality in which he lives. He has devoted his attention exclusively to legiti- mate law practice, and has won a high posi- tion at the bar. *-5-«S^{^-^- OHN H. STAAL is one of the leading citi- zens of Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. He was a native of Denmark, where he was born in 1835. His father Avas Hans Staal who was a miller b\' trade, and had charge of extensive milling interests in his native land. Mr. Staal remained in his native land until 1865, when he emigrated to this country, settling in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he engaged in boot and shoe making, to which trade he had served an apprenticeship of five years in Denmark. He remained in Minneapolis for fourteen years, part of the time engaged in the mercantile business and part of the time in running a saloon. He then came to Otter Tail county, Minnesota, where he purchased a fine farm. This was in 1878, and after running the farm for three \'ears, he sold out ami moved to Fergus Falls, tlie county seat of that county. He pur- chased forty acres of land adjoining the city on the south, where he put up his present residence, and wiiere he lives a retired life. Mr. Staal has traveled extensively in the United States, liaving visited California, and many other localities in the West and East. In 18()6 he made an extensive trip through the Park Eegion of the Northwest, in the fur business. There were no settlers in this region at that time, and his operations were confined to the half-breeds who were 346 JiED A'/l/Ck' I- ALLEY AND scattered here and there over this country. He purchased $iOO worth of furs, which he carried by wagon to St. Paul. lie made three trips, and was successful each time. In 1863 Mr. Staal was united in marriage to Miss Christena Nelson, a native of Den- mark, where they Avere married. Politically, Mr. Staal affiliates with the democratic party. He is a careful, conserva- tive man, and out of his numerous invest- ments has acquii'cd a considerable fortune. He is well known, as a moral, upright citi- zen, and is universall\' respected. An interesting point in John Staal's his- tory, is the fact that he served in the regu- lar army of Denmark. He enlisted in 1863 and served until August 12, 1864. He par- ticipated in eleven battles against the Ger- man army and was taken prisoner April IS, 1861. -«•- *V^ORA W. GIFFORD, a prominent member of the farming community of Grant county, Minnesota, is a resident of section 21, Roseville township, where he successfidly operates a well-tilled tract of land comprising 160 acres. He is a native of New York State, born in Cayuga county, on the 17th of November, 1838, and is the son of Stephen and Mary (Bragg) Gifford, natives of New York State also. They were the parents of twelve children, the sub- ject of this memoir being the sixth. Coral Gifford spent his school days prin- cipally in Ohio and Wisconsin. He left school at the age of seventeen, and from that time until he was twent^'-one he helped his father operate the home farm. In Sep- tember, 1862, he enlisted in the Seventeenth Wisconsin Infantry, Seventeenth Army Corps. Going in as a private and being pro- moted to the rank of a corporal while in the service, he served until June, 1866, when he was honorably discharged at Madison, Wis- consin. He was in many engagements and skirmishes, including the battles of Corinth, luka, Vicksburg, Atlanta, with Sherman in the famous " march to the sea," and the bat- tle of Jonesburg. He was wounded in the left side in the battle of Corinth, and was confined to the St. Louis Hospital for some time. After his discharge Mr. Gifford remained in Wisconsin for a few years, engaged in farming. In 1870 he removed to Mitchell county, Iowa, whore he remained for seven years. In the year 1877 he set- tled in Grant county, Minnesota, engaging in farming on section 21, Koseville town- shij), where he has since lived. He is en- gaged in general fai-ming and stock raising, and is rated as one of the most successful and substantial farmers in the county. Mr. Gifford was married in the month of November, 1859, to Miss Margaret E. KUne, a native of Pennsylvania. They are the parents of the following named children — Mary A., Myran S., Coral E., Frank A., Harry A., Carrie M., Jacob E., Burt, Ira, Grace and Ethel. Ethel died when about one and a half years old. ]\Iary is tiie wife of Mr. Sheai'er, of Charles city, Iowa. Mr. Gifford is one of the representative citizens of his township, and has held the offices of treasurer and justice of the ]ie.ace for a number of years. He is a meml)er of the Grand Army of the Republic, and is one of the pioneers of the township. A man of the utmost honor and integrity, he deserves the esteem and respect in which he is held. -♦- -^^ /gp^nWARn R. HYSER, the proprietor v^^ of the Ilyser House at Breckenridge, Minnesota, is a native of Massachusetts. He was born in l!ristol county, in IS.jS, and is tiie son of Solomon and Barbara (Hess) Ilyser, who weie natives of Germany. The parents PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 347 came to this country at an early day and settled in Bristol, Massachusetts, where the father worked as a day laborer until 1868, when he moved to Minnesota. He settled on a homestead in Wright county, Minnesota, where he remained until his death, in 1870. The mother died in 1858 in Massachusetts, leaving three children — Eobert, who died in 1870; George, who is married to Miss Alice Bowen, by whom two children have been Iwrn — Maud and George. Mrs. Alice (Bowen) liyser is the daughter of Timothy Bowen, and is living in Minneapolis, Minne- sota, where George Ilyser is engaged in the hotel business. And the third child, Edward R., the subject of the present ai'ticle. Edward H\'ser attended the common schools in his native State until he was iifteen years of age, when he came, with his parents, to Minnesota. He, with his brothers, opened a hotel in Wright county, keeping pace with the railroad which at that time was being built through that section of the State. They carried on business in this manner, boarding, princi]KiIly, the employes of the railroad) until 1871. In the fall of 1871 the three brothers opened a hotel in Breckenridge, which they continued to ojierate until the death of Robert in 1876, after which sad event the surviving brothers, George and Edward, remained in partnership until 1881. In 1881 George removed from Breckenridge, and our subject continued in the same busi- ness until 1883, when the old hotel was torn down and his present one, opposite the Mani- toba Railroad depot, was erected. In 1873 Mr. Ilyser purchased a farm of 320 acres, about two miles from the village, which he continues to operate, and, in connection Avith his farming interests, runs a dairy. Mr. Ilyser was married in 1881 to Miss Susan Abendschien, and this union has been blessed with thi'ee children — Louise E., Alice C, and llattie P. Mrs. Ilyser is the daugh- ter of George and Christina (Rathgeber) Abendschien, natives of Germany. They came to this country in 1878 and settled in Breckenridge, Minnesota, where the father died in 1879. The mother is now living with her daughter, Mrs. Hyser. Hr. Hyser, the subject of this article, takes an active interest in all matters pertaining to county or State, and is one of the solid business men of Wilkin county. In political matters he affiliates with the republican party. He and his familj^ are members of the Con- gregational church. -«" .LEXANDER RUNNING, of the village of Ada, is one of the early settlers of Norman county, Minnesota, having located in this portion of the Red River Valley on the 13th of June, 1878, and has since then been closely identified with its interests, both officially and as a private citizen. Mr. Running, of whom this sketch is writ- ten, was born in Racine county, Wisconsin, in November, 1816, and is the son of Ole A. and Bergeta (Thompson) Running. When he was but four j^ears old the family removed to Vernon county, in the same State, and were among the pioneers of that I'egion, the first settler having preceded them about five years. The father of our subject took up a claim in the thick and heavy timber that then covered all that part of the Badger State, and having by hard work hewed himself out a farm, made that his home until 1862. During that year a moi-e northward course was taken b}' the family, who settled in Dunn county, in what is now known as Run- ning Valley, named after them, they being the first settlers in that section of the county. There they suffered the hardships and incon- veniences always attendant upon frontier life and the general isolation of the settlers. Their nearest neighbor was some four miles distant. On the farm that he had founded 348 JiED RIVEK J'ALLEV A.VD the second time in the wilderness the elder Mr. Running made his home for three years and was then called away to a brighter land beyond the grave, and a j'ear later he was followed by his beloved wife. The subject of our sketch received his primary education in such schools as the early date of the settlements afforded, and assisted liis fatlier in carrying on the farm. By assiduous study he soon made up for the ])aucity of seliools in that region, aiul soon acquired a fair store of knowledge, which he has since much inci'eased by judicious read- ing. On the dcutii of his father, he being the eldest of nine children, Alexander took charge of the homestead and became the head of the family. He remained on the farm until 1873, when he removed to the village of Colfax, in the same county, and there entered into the agricultural implement business. When the township of Colfax was organized in 1867 his ability was recog- nized, and, although but twenty years old, he was elected its first town clerk. He was afterwards elected to the position of chair- man of the board of supervisors, and remained in that position until leaving that part of tlie county. He was bj^ this a mem- ber of the county board, and took an active interest in the business of the county. In the summer of 1878 Mr. Running came to the Red River Yalley and filed on a claim some ten miles west of Ada and commenced to open a farm. In the fall of 1879 he was chosen one of the l)oard of commissioners of Polk county, of which this then formed a part, and served as such until the setting off of Norman county and its subsequent organi- zation. Before the latter event, however, Mr. Running, after two years' residence in his homestead, removed to the village of Ada and went into the wheat trade. Tiie agitation for tiie division of Polk county found in our subject a warm sup- porter and an energetic worker, and on the success of that measure — a success in which he was one of the most active agents — and the organization of Norman county, in the fall of 1881, Mr. R. was appointed first audi- tor of the count}-. He was re-elected his own successor in the autumn of 1882, and held that responsible position until January, 1885. On the expiration of his official duties he took charge of the books of the well- known firm of Larson & Lystad, and has continued in their employ ever since. All this time he has, however, carried on his farm, which now embi'aces some 240 acres, all of which is under cultivation and uiuler his own management and supervision. Mr. Pkunning is an anient supporter of the principles of the prohibition movement, and takes a great interest in the suppression of the liquor traffic, and has helped, materially, in driving it out of Ada. He is a member of the present board of education of the village and manifests great devotion to the cause of the schools. Mr. Running was united in marriage on the 27th of March, 1869, with Miss Christine Salverson, and by this union tliey have liad a family of six children — Henrv- O., Bertha, Clara, Edwin A., Arthur and Clarence. Both he and his wife are meml)(M's of the Evan- gelical Lutheran church, and are active workers in the cause of religion. -■»- ^.u^ OHN S. IRISH, a retired merchant of Moorhead, Minnesota, deserves special mention in this connection. He was born in Cumberland county, Ifaine, at the town of Bridgton, January 7, 1831. He is the son of Dean and Mehitable (Small) Irish, also natives of Maine. The father followed lumbering all his lifetime. They had a family of seven children: Frank- lin and Albert were in the army, and both died. The remainder are also deceased, PARK REGIONS OF MINNF.SO TA. 349 except John S. and Susan, now Mrs. Putnam Our subject's grandfather, on the father's side, was Obediah, a native of England. He was also a lumberman, and liad the lionor of being a Eevolutionary soldier. Our subject was brought up on a I'arm, and was somewhat familiar Avith lumbering. He followed this sort of life until he reached the age of twenty-one years, he then went to Pennsylvania, remained a year, and then went to "Wisconsin in lS5-i, engaging in lumbering business on the Saint Croix River ; he also fol- lowed steamboating in that section. In all he lived there ten years. In 1867 he came to Minnesota, stop])ing at Ta^'lor's Falls. Her6 he engaged at steamboat building for II. C. Folsom. He worked there until 1875, then went to Grand Forks, Dakota Terri- torj'^, whei'e he acted as foreman for N. "W". Kittson & Co., builders of steamboats. He remained there two years, and then came to Moorhead, Minnesota, following the same branch of business until 1883. At tliis time he engaged in the grocery business, first in Fargo then in Moorhead. He continued in trade until the autumn of 1887, when he quit business. He now lives a retired life. He purchased a fine home on Kennedy and Sec- ond streets, which he still occupies. He also owns a fine store building on Fourth street, which he now rents. In 1858 he was married to Miss Emma J. Abbott, a native of Oneida county, New York. She is the daughter of J. F. Abbott, now a resident of Moorhead and aged eightj'- one years. lie was formerly engaged in the hotel business in Polk county, Wisconsin. Mr. and IMrs. Irish are the parents of three sons — Frank E., Fred and Hersey. In political matters our subject is a repub- lican. He has nearl}' all of his life had control of a number of workmen, doing con- tract work and ship building. One marked feature of his eventful life is that he has ever been benevolent in times of need and distress, and by reason of this viitue has won a large circle of warm, true friends, who revere his name. y^^ATHIAS P. PHILLIPPI, one of the ^\ir^prominent furniture dealers of the Eed River Valley, is a resident of the village ■ of Barnesville, Clay count}', Minnesota, where he handles all kinds of house furni- ture and also carries a full line of undertak- er's goods. He is a native of Germany, born in 1852, and is the son of John and Kate PhiUippi, natives, also, of the kingdom of German}'. Mr. Phillippi,the subject of this biograph- ical sketch, remained in his native land attending the common schools of his birth- place until he was eleven years of age. At that period in life he emigrated to the United States, with his parents, and settled in P>uffalo county, Wisconsin, Avhere he remained until he was sixteen \'ears of age. At that time (1868) he learned the carpen- ter's trade, being three years apprenticed to that work. After learning his trade he worked in different parts of AVisconsin, and continued as a journeyman for twelve years. In 1881 he removed to Minnesota, and, in July of that year, settled in Barnesville, where he has since remained. When he lirst located there he engaged in contracting and building, which he continued for three years. In 1884 he erected his present business build- ing and put in a stock of furniture, being at that time the first and only store of tlie kind in Barnesville. In 1885, when the new town was incorporated, Mr. Phillippi moved his building and goods over to the new town site and has since been located there. He does an extensive business, having almost all of the trade of the two villages. In addition to his furniture business he handles ail kinds of farm machinery, McCorniick I 350 RED RTYF.K V A 1. 1. FY AXD binders, plows, fanning mills and everything needed by the farming community. He is a leading citizen and l)usinoss man of the vil- lage of Earnesville, and has held the offices of deputy sheriff for four years and town clerk for one term. He is a representative and esteemed resident of Clay county, and is a stanch repuljlican in his political views. Mr. Phillippi was married November 15, 1873, to Miss Lizzie Kirschmer, of Buffalo county, Wisconsin. Her father was a farmer of that vicinity. Mr. and Mrs. Phillippi have been the [)arents of four children, only one of whom, however, is now living, named Mathias. -«« • * ^ *- W^- WILLIAM '^'''l member T. DUNCAN is junior of the firm of McLean & Duncan, practicing physicians and surgeons of Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minne- sota. He is a native of Canada, and was born January 6, 1856. The Doctor's parents were John and Caro- line (Holden) Duncan, the former a native of Glasgow, Scothind, and the latter a native of New York State. The father, during a great many years of his life, engaged in the daily business, but has now retired and is living at Granby, Canada. John Duncan's ]);irents were William and Margaret (Smith) Duncan, both of whom were natives of Glas- gow, Scotland. They came to Canada in 1821 and there engaged extensively in farming. Dr. Duncan's mother's father was Orson Holden, a native of the State of New York, and a farmer by occui)ation. John Duncan, the fatlier of the subject of our sketch, has a family of five children: George H., Margaret L., now Mrs. P. W. Taber ; John C, Dr. William T., and James. Mr. Duncan was a prominent citizen of tiie place of his residence and held various offices of trust. For some years he was mayor of the town of Granby, Canada, and was also town assessor, occupying other positions of honor at different times. He was one of the leading men of tliat section. His son, John C, now holds the office of mayor of Granby. Mr. Duncan had three brothers in the service of tlie United States during the war of the rebellion ; one of these brothere died in the service. The family have been great church people, and have been warm supporters of all projects in an educational line. The grandparents on the father's side, througli several "enerations, have all been members of the Conjirerationa] church. The subject of this sketcli was reared on the home farm, receivinji iiis eailv training in the district schools until nineteen years of age. He was then sent to the Granby grammer school in Granby, Canada, and later attended the Braeside Academy at Montreal. He completed his course in that school and later attended the McGill College, and later the McGill Medical College, gradu- ating therefrom in 1882. After this, for one J^ear, he was house physician at the Mon- treal General Hospital. Al)Out one year after his graduation he came to Fergus Falls, and, in company witli Dr. T. H. McLean, com- menced the practice of his profession. He bought a neat residence on Cascade street, in which he now lives. Dr. Duncan was mari'ied in 1880 to i\[iss Eva G. llerrick, tlie daughter of Jolin and Ann (Chalmers) Herrick, of Canada. One child has blessed this union — John K. Dr. Duncan has become one of the lead- ing citizens of Fergus Falls. He is a mem- ber of the city council, and is president of the board of examining surgeons for pen- sions in this district. He also belongs to the State ]\Iedical Society. For some time he has held the a)i})ointment of surgeon of the St. Paul, Minneapolis A: Manitoba llailroail Company. Politically he believes in the principles of the democratic party. He is a PARK A'ECIOXS OF M IXA'ESOTA. 351 leading- Knight of P3'tliias, and in all mat- ters wliicli tend to the improvement of the educational, social and business interests of Falls, he is a leading- factor. This Fergus lartnership lias built up an extensive practice. «»^^ ON. J. H. MILLER is the present sheriff of Kichland county, North Dakota. He was born on the 25tli day of August, 1844, in Oneida county, New York. The jiarents of the subject of our sketch were Asher and Catherine (Mowers) "Miller, of New York. The father belonged to a sturdy family of English descent, and during most of his life followed the occupation of faruiino- for a livelihood. In 1850 he came westward, settling in the State of Illinois, where, in Winnebag-o county, he became one of the early pioneers. In 1SC7 he removed to Grundy county, Iowa, where he lived until his death, which occurred in 1S()8. The mother is still living in Iowa. The father served as a soldier in the War oi 1812, and saw iiiucli hard service, being once severely wounded. He had a family of three children, two of whom are now living — J. II. and Julia II., twins, the latter now Mrs. Willson. The grandfather of the subject of our sketch was Luther Miller, a native of Con- necticut, and b\' occupation a farmer and luiiiberman. In early life became to Oneida county, New York, where he lived until his death. He was of English descent, the lirst of the familj^ having come to this country in the sixteenth century, settling in Connecti- cut. Luther was a soldier in the War of 1776. Catherine Mowers, the mother of the sub- ject of our sketch, was the daughter of John Mowers, a native of New York, and a fartnei- by occu])ation. He served as a soldier in the Uevolutionary War. His ancestors came fi'oni German}'. The subject of our sketch was reared on the home farm, receiving a good education in the district schools of his neighborhood. In 1862, when eighteen years of age, he enlisted in Company C, Seventy-fourth Illinois In- fantry. For two and one-half years he remained in active service, and was wounded several times. He was twice wounded at Missionarj'^ Kidge, and at the battle of Kene- saw Mountain was shot in the left shoulder, sustaining such a severe injury that he was unable to do any work for about one year. He was honorably discharged from the army in February, 186.5. His soldier-life was a life at the front and was full of the hard fortune that usualh' comes with such service. He was in the following battles : Perr3'ville, Stone Kiver, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Pleasant Hill, and many other engagements of minor im- portance. In 1867 became to Iowa, settling in Grund}' county, where he purchased a farm of 160 acres and turned his attention to farming. He also engaged for some years in teaching school. In 1878 he removed to Wahpeton, North Dakota, where, until 1882, he had charge of the T. L. French farm, for whom also he sold agricultural implements. In 1882 he was a]i])ointed to the office of clerk of the courts, which position he held until 1886, when he was elected sheriff of Eichland count\'. In the fall of 1881 he was elected to represent iiis county in the Territorial legislature, serv- ing one term. Mr. Miller was married in 1879 to Miss Laura Poadman, of Grundy county, Iowa. She was the daughter of William and Polly J. (McConnica) Roadman, natives of Pennsyl- vania. Her father came to Iowa in 1874, where for a number of years he was engaged in farming. He is now retired from active business and is living a retired life in Cedar Falls, Iowa. ilr. and Mrs. Miller have two riiildren — Annie and Ida. 352 JiED RIVER VAILEY AXD In i)olitics Mr. Miller is a stanch republi- can and since coming to Wahpeton has been one of tiie leaders in tlie affairs of tiiat part}'. He has at all times enjoyed the con- lidence of his i)()litical friends, bv whom he has been highly honored many times. For one year under President Arthur's adminis- tration he held the position of postmaster, and ill 1885 and 1S8G was mayor of the city. Mr. i\[iller has engaged somewhat in buyino- and selling land, and at present owns a' tine farm of IGO acres, lie also owns two fine residences in the city. Mr. ]\filler has l)een an earnest supporter of all matters pertain- ing to the welfare of his adopted town, and has, with pride, watched the village of twenty-five inhabitants grow to the propor- tions and importance of a city. Mr. Miller is a prominent member of the I. O. (). F and tiie G. A. E. -«« i. BARNES, the senior partner in the firm of Barnes & Slocum, grocery and provision dealers, of Crookston, Minne- sota, was born in Charles City, Floyd conntv, Iowa, and is the son of Harrison and Eliza (Coles) Barnes, lie lived with his parents from the day of his birth, A])ril ;20, 1868, until 1885, receiving his education in the superior schools of his native city. At the age of thirteen years he entered a large grocery establishment in the same place, where he remained until August 11, 1887, fully preparing himself, by acquiring a thoi'ough knowledge of the business, for his life's work. On the last mentioned date he removed to Fai-go, Dakota, whei-e he was engaged in clerical work until June 24, 1888, when he came to Crookston, Minnesota. In company with W. E. Siocum, he bought out the stock of the bankrupt firm of Horton & liurlburt, and embarked in business. Both of these young men are but new comers in the city, but, by close attention to the wants of their customers, and activity and energy in catering to the tastes of the community, are fast bmlding up for them- selves a large and p<)|)ular trade. E. SLOCUM, the junior partner of the fii-m above mentioned, is also a native of Charles City, Iowa, ami was born January 2, 1867. He is the son of C. A. and E. L. (Wilbur) Siocum. residents of that part of the Hawkeye State. Receiving his educa- tion in the high-grade schools of the city of his birth, at the age of sixteen years he entered the postotfice of that place as a clerk, where he remained until the spring of 1887. With a natural desire to see more of the country and stai-t out in life for liimself, he then made a trip to Kansas, but after spending the summer there returned to Chai-les City and entered a large dry goods establishment as clerk and salesman. There he remained until June, 1888, when became to Crookston and joined his friend O. J. Barnes in the present business. The firm carry full lines of staple and fancy groceries, provisions, Hour, crockery, glass- ware, wooden-ware, etc., their stock, which is one of the largest in their line in the city, invoicing some $4,500. --^f^J^--»- WILLIAM H. SUTHERLAND, one of the leading business men of Grant county, Minnesota, has charge of the local grain business of the Northwestern Elevator Company, and conducts their elevator at Herman. Mr. Sutherland was born in Whitehall, Washington county. New York, April 28, II PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 353 1857, and is a son of Itoljert and Elizabeth (Thaiiie) Sutherland. The parents were natives of i*^e\v Brunswick, where they were married, and shortly afterward settled in Washington county, New York. Robert Sutlierland died in that county in the spring of 1875, at the age of fifty-eight years. He was a farmer and lumberman through life, a member of the Baptist church, and a man of exemplary character. The mother is now living witii her son in Herman, and is sev- enty-two years of age. Bobert Sutherland and wife were the parents of seven children, tln-ee Ikjvs and four girls, as follows — J. C, George, Clara, Sarah, Katie, Maj' and W. II. George and Clara are deceased. George was a ship carpenter and died in New York City. Clara became the wife of Samuel liarrett, and died in New York State, leav- ing a family of three children. Our present subject, W. H. Sutherland, spent his school days in his native county in the Empire State. At an early age he was thrown upon his own resources, and wiien thirteen years of age left school. From that time until he was twenty-one he was employed at boating between New York City and Canadian ports, and, upon attain- ing his majority, he removed to Indiana. There he was engaged in farming: and also learned the milling business. After a sojourn of two years in the Iloosier State he went to Dallas county, Texas, where he farmed and at the same time carried on the milling business. In July, 1878, Mr. Suth- erland came to Minnesota and jocated at Herman, in Grant county. Since that time lie has devoted his attention mostly to the milling and elevator business, and has moved about considerably. For one year he was engaged in the mercantile business at Oscar Lake, Douglas county, Minnesota ; was then engaged in the milling business in ]\Iar.sliall county, Dakota, for one year, when he was inirned out. We next find him in a mill at Alexandria, Minnesota, where he spent one year, and, at the exjjiration of that time, in 1887, he returned to Herman, where he has since remained in charge of the elevator belonging to the Northwestern Elevator Company. He is a thorough and reliable business man, and is recognized as one of the leading citizens of the locality in which he lives. In political matters Mr. Sutherland is a democrat. -«-; «^. MtON. CHARLES D. WRIGHT is the Jt?^ president of the First National Bank of Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minne- sota. Mr. Wright is a native of Addison countj^ Vermont, where he was born in 1850. He is the son of Ethan M. and Eliza (Bottum) Wright, both of whom were natives of Ver- mont. The father, during the most of his life, has followed the mercantile business, in which he has been eminently successful, and out of which has accrued to him a consid- erable fortune. He is a man of large ideas and refinement, and is social and charitable in all ways. His father was Brigham Wright, who was one of the substantial farmers of the Eastern States. Ethan M. W^ right had a family of three sons — William B., a banker in Vermont and associated with other prom- inent banks in the East and West ; Charles D. and George M., an attorney in New York City. The subject of our sketch spent his early days beneath the parental roof, attending the Highland Military School of Worcester, Massachusetts, and the Eensselaer Bolvtech- nic Institute of Troy, New York. In 1869 he turned his steps westward and came to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he was asso- ciated with his uncle, George B. Wright, in surveying \vork for the Government. In the 354 RED RIVER VALLEY AND fall of 1870 he was appointed to the office of chief draughtsman in the United States sur- veyor-general's office at St. Paul, whicli ])osi- tion he retained for a period of eight years. While connected with the Government sur- vey, in 1869, and the early part of 1870, he traveled over a considerable portion of the Northwestern territor}'. He was in com- pany with Andrew Holes, now of Moor- head, and George G. Beardsley, of Fargo, Dakota. They had much opj)ortunity to examine the lands in the Northwest, and located a great deal of land. In 1878 he came to Fergus Falls, and was elected to the position of vice-president of the First National Bank of that city. At that time the bank was located in Martin's block, with Henry G. Page as president. Mr. "Wright continued in the office of vice-presi- dent for five years, and in 1883 was elected to the presidency of that institution. In 1881 the stockliolders of the bank built a block for their own use on the corner of Lincoln and Cascade avenues, where they continued in the banking business for three years. On January 1, 1884, they moved into their new bank building on the northeast corner of Lincoln avenue and Mill street. Tiiis is a large and imposing structure, finely built, of large pniportions, it being 50x142 feet in size. In this building there are at present tiiree stores, besides the banking offices and the United States land office, and offices in the second story. This building cost $35,000. ]\[r. Wright has done much to improve and beautify tlie city of Fergus Falls. He built his present line residence in 1879, on corner of Court and Vernon avenues, and has intei'ested himself largeh* in the lands of this and other counties in the West. In 1878 Mr. Wright was united in mar- riage to Miss Lucy S. Barney, of Maiden, Massachusetts, the daughter of George T. Barney. Two children have blessed their union — George B. and Murray S. Mr. Wright is one of the prominent citi- zens of Fergus Falls. His business connec- tions and financial interests run in many dif- ferent lines, in all of which he has been eminently successful. He is treasurer of the Fergus Falls Water Com])any, of whicli he was one of the organizers. He is also treas- urer of the gas and mill company, and holds the same position in tiie Fergus Falls Water Power Company. Fie held the office of city mayor in 1S85 and 188G, antl was city treas- urer for several terms. In ]>olitics he is a stanch defender of the principles of the re])ul)lican party, ilr. Wright's name is a synonym of all that means success in busi- ness and prominence in the social cii'cles of Fergus Falls. ..^« ,»?^. EORGE COULTER, our present sketch The subject of is a resident of section 16, Iluntsville township, Polkcount\', Minnesota, and is one of the most prominent and substantial citizens of the locality in which he lives. He was born in Canada on the 31st of January, 1856, and is a son of Cliristopher and Elizabeth (Lee) Coulter, who were natives of Scotland. The parents, who were from that sturdy and determined Scotch race, were among the early settlers of Canada, where, in pioneer times, they endured much privation and liardship. George, our subject, spent his childhood days in the Province of his birth, and when he was ten j'ears old removed with his parents to Winona county, Minnesota, where he renuiined at home, most of the time aid- ing in the labors attendant uj)on carrying on the home farm, until he was twenty-one years old. When he had attained his majority he came to Polk county, Minnesota, and took a homestead on section 22, Ilunts- ville township. He lived upon that farm until 1885, when he sold out and purchased PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 355 480 acres on section 16, whei'e he now lives. It is two miles west of the village of Mallory. lie has seventy acres of timber on the place, has good building improvements and is in excellent circumstances. W\\ Coulter was married at Grand Forks, on till' sth of May, 1SS2, to Miss Agnes Brown, a daughter of Aaron and Ellen (Ileuery) Brown. Their marringe has been blessed with two children — Margaret and George. ^2;DWARD GRUSSENDORF, retired \^^ clergyman of the Lutheran church, is a resident of Fergus Falls, Minnesota. He is a native of German_y, and was born on theinth of July, 1823." The early days of the subject of our sketch were spent in receiving an excellent educa- tion. He graduated from tlie lianover and Gotlengen universities in 1S51, after which he turned his attention to teaching school, and also preaching the gospel until in 1857, when he came to America, and attended a German college at Fort Wayne, Indiana, from which he graduated in 1860. At this time he was ordained to preach the gospel, and commenced his ministry in Chicago, Illinois, in that year. He remained in Chicago for two antl one-half years, and then received a call to become pastor of the Red Wing Congre- gation, in Minnesota. His pastoral labors in that place extended through a period of three years, and then he removed to Min- neiska, where he continued his pastoral labors for two years. At the end of this time he purcliased a farm of 160 acres of Government land, and remained on this until 1860, wlien he moved to Fergus Falls, Minnesota. His was the third family that settled in Fergus Falls. The other two families were Mrs. Grussendorf's brother and his brother-in-law, Henry Yon Haenigsen, they having settled in this place in June, 1868. Mr. Grussendorf took 160 acres of land on the south side of the river, all of which is now inside of the city limits of Fergus Falls. Here he broke considerable of the land and built a house, and in 1878 laid out a tract of twent}' acres in city lots, it being the first addition to Fergus Falls. He has also laid out another addition of foi'ty acres on the north side of the river. In 1870 he turned his attention to other pursuits and engaged in the mercantile business. He opened the first storb in the city, which he run for two years. In 1883, in company with his son Gustavus A., he opened again in the mercantile business, and continued the same for four j'ears, at which time he sold out and has since retired from active busi- ness life. Mr. Grussendorf was the first jus- tice of the peace for the townshi)), being elected to that place in 1870. He was one of the organizers of Busetown, in 1871. In 1882 he purchased land in Polk count}', at Red Lake Falls, and laid out an addition to that city. He also bought several farms along the river near to that place. lie has always taken a deep interest in the growth and prosperity of Fergus Falls and vicinit}', and has always been a hearty su})porter of all projects that tended to the financial growth of this locality. Mr. Grussendorf was married, March 24, 1862, to Miss Fieda Buse, of Germanj'^, and daughter of Carl and Liessete (Ohn) Buse Her parents came to America in 1856 and settled at Buffalo, New York, where the father engaged in the clothing business. In 1861 they came westward, settling in Red Wing, Minnesota, where he engaged in farming. There the family remaineil until the death of the father, which occurred in 1869. The mother died at Fergus Falls in 1872. Mr. and Mrs. Grussendorf have only one son, Gustavus A. Mr. Grussendorf has for many years affili. ated with the republican party, and he and 356 la-.D h'lVFR VAL/.f.y AXD his wife and son are members of the Lutheran church. He has two dwening-houses in the south part of the cit}', and owns one, in which he lives, on the north side. Mr. Grussendorf is one of tlie leading citizens of Fergus Falls, and has been a warm and ready su[)poi'ter of all church enterprises and in the improve- ment of schools. He has not onl\' encour- aged these movements by his words, but has aided materially in a financial way. He enjoys the esteem and conlidence of his fel- low-citizens. W. FREEMAN, who is a member of the Moorhead Merchant Tailoring Company, was born in Sweden, November 12, 1854. His parents were John and Jo- hanna (Swanson) Freeman, of Sweden. They were farmers and emigrated to America in 1872, settling in Goodhue county, Minnesota, and from there moved to Rockford, Hlinois. The next change was a move to Meeker county, Minnesota, at a point six miles from Dassel. Here they farmed again. They had a family of whom the following are living — S. August, Elizabeth, John A., Cleas W., Andrew G. and Hannah N. The parents both belong to the Lutheran church, and the father is a republican in his political views. Our subject, like most fai-mers' sons, did farm labor and attended school, getting a good common school education. He left home, however, at the age of twelve years, when he commenced to work at the tailor- ing business, serving five years as an appren. tice, and then worked for wages in Sweden for three years. In 1874 he crossed the ocean to America, settling at Itockford, Hli- nois, where he remained until 1S82, then came to Moorhead, where he engaged in business for himself and took as his partner C. A.Allen. They continued as a lirm until May 28, 1888, when the Moorhead Tailoring Company was formed, with Mr. Freeman as its president. They carry a full line of merciiant tailoring goods and employ four men to assist them. Mr. Freeman was united in marriage in 1877 to Miss Annie ]\[. Blomqnist, of Jiock- ford, Hlinois. Thev have si.x children — J. H., C. W., A. M., "m. L. E., D. E. IL and E. J. M. Politicall}' our subject is a re])ul)lican. Both he and his wife are members of the Luthei'an church, of which he is a trustee. i^HARLES E. DAMPIER, M. U., one of V^y the leading practicing physicians and surgeons of the flourishing city of Ci'ookston, Minnesota, is a native of Waterloo, Canada, born June 5, 185-1, and is the son of Edward and Charlotte (Parmelee) Dampier. Li 1856 the family came to the United States, locat- ing in the town of Lemond, Steele county, Minnesota, where the father took \\\> a pre- emption claim and engaged in the tillage of the soil. One yeai' later they removed to Meriden township, in the same county, where the family resided until ISfio. Li the latter year Mr. L)ann)ier, the elder, in search of a more eligible location, removed to ' Dakota county, wliei'e he found that which he was in search of, in that beautiful portion of the State, " Where harvest mantles, fringed with prairie lilooms. Trail in the sunset." There the family found a home and there they were living when the necessities of the country's defense called for so many of the men from the Northland, whereupon the father of our subject enlisted in Hatch's Independent Battalion of Minnesota Cav- alry, and served until the close of the war, the latter portion of the time as first-lieut- enant of Company F, he having been pro- PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 357 moted to that position for gallant conduct in tlio iield. On receivin';- his discharge Mr. Dainpier returned to his family in the county of Dakota, where, like Cincinnatus, he returnctl to his agricultui'al and bucolic jnir- suits. He made his home in that locality, on a farm which he ]iurchased about the time of his return near Castle Eock, until IS 74, when he removed to Northfield, Rice county, and there engaged in the hotel lousi- ness. After pursuing the calling of landlord for some years, in 18S0, he came west again, and is now living in Fergus Falls. Charles E. Dampier was reared upon his father's farm, and drew his primary educa- tion from the district schools of the neio'h- borhood, which was sup])lemented by a term at the schools of Elgin, Illinois, whither he went for the ])urpose, and one term at Carl- ton College. In the spring of 1S75 he en- tered a drug store in Northfield, as clerk, at the same time taking up the study of medi- cine, he liaving a natural aptitude and liking for that i)rofession. For eighteen months he continued in that place, steadily applying his leisure time to the books that were to lay the foundation of his future success, but, in the fall of 1876, matriculated at the med- ical department of the Michigan State Uni- versity, at Ann Arbor, from which cele- bi-ated and noble institution of learning he was graduated in the Class of 'Y8. On receiving his diploma, Dr. Dampier at once went to Dell Rapids, Dakota, where he entered upon the duties of his profession, and remained there in full practice until the following spring, when, with an admirable foresight, he removed to Crookston, Minne- sota, then a small village of no more than 500 inhabitants, but in which his sagacity had discovered the germ of its future size and thrift. The doctor at once opened an office in the place, and has grown with its growth until he now has a large and lucra- tive practice. This worthy disciple of Hip- pocrates and Galen, while attending strictly to the duties of his chosen profession, has not been able to shift entirely from his shoulders his share of the public burden. For some six years he was compelled to act as health officer of the city, but no longer occupies that position. He is the United States medical examiner for pensions, for this district, and the local surgeon of the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railroad Company, the latter office having been filled by him for the past nine years. He is also the surgeon for the Crookston fire depart- ment. The Doctor is a member of the State Med- ical Society, and of the Masonic fraternit}-. He was made a Mason in Crookston Lodge, 141, A. F. & A. M. in 1879, his being one of the three names presented on the night of the organization of that botl3\ He is a charter member of Pierson Chapter, No. 40, R. A. M., he having been exalted in the chapter at Fergus Falls, and is now the treasurer of the chapter. The Doctor is the owner of a fine farm of 240 acres in Polk county, which he leases to a tenant. Dr. C. E. Dampier was united in mar- riage August 4, 1880, with Miss Estelle E. Carruth, a native of the State of New York. -«- -•»► >IpLENRY O. JOHNSON, a respected E farmer of Grant county, Minnesota, is a resident of Pomme de Terre township, section 36, where he is engaged in agi'icult- ural pursuits. He is a native of Minnesota, born in Fillmore countj^, on the 8th of April, 1866, and a son of Lage and Nellie (Eastenson) Johnson, of whom a sketch will be found in another part of this Album. They are the parents of the following-named children — Anna M., Gea, Emelia, Josephine, Olena, Henry O., Peter L., Tilda O., Wil- helm N., Julia D. and Sophia E. 358 KED KTVER VALLEY AKD Henr}' O. Johnson spent his boyhood-days in Fillmore county, Minnesota. In 1875 he came with his parents to Grant county, Minnesota, where lie attended the district sciiool in Pomme de Teri-e village for some ' time. In the fall of 1879 he entered the normal school at St. Cloud, where he re- mained for about two years. After complet- ing his education, he returned to Grant county, and lias since made it his home. For some time lie remained with his parents, helping his father in tlie store and on the farm, and later engaged in farming on his own account. Mr. Johnson was raai-ried February 27, 1886, to Miss Hattie Johnson. She was a native of "Winneliago county, Wisconsin, but came to Grant county, Minnesota, with her parents when about one year old. There she grew to womaniiood, and attended school, completing her education in St. Cloud, Min- nesota. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are the parents of two childi-en, named as follows — Dora and Alma T. Mr. Johnson has a well im- proved farm of 160 acres in Ponmie de Terre township and is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He holds the office of supervisor of the township, and is assistant postmaster at Pomme de Terre ])()stoffice. Mr. Jolmson is a man of indus- try, hoiiest\' and integi'itv : his word is recog- nized as good as his bond. He is one of the most liiglily esteemed citizens of Pomme de Terre and a representative man of tiie county. •«-! ,,^,^OTT T. STEVENS is engaged in the :'- A^ general hardware l)usiness in Wah- peton, Richland county, North Dakota, where he carries a large stock of stoves, tinware, iron and steel, steam fittings, pumps, jiipes, etc. Mr. Stevens was horn in Auburn, New York, March 31, 1837. and is a son of Tiiomas and Eleanor (Davis) Stevens, natives of New York. The father was engaged in the man- ufacture of hoes, forks, corn knives and loco- motive forgings, and had a large factory located two miles east of Auburn city, New York. He was a man of wide influence in his native town, and held many offices of importance, being a justice of the j)eace and county commissioner. In politics he was a democrat and was a memljci- of the Univer- salistcliurch. He died in lsT6;his wifediedin 1888. They had a family of seven children, five of whom are now living— Sarah A., now Mrs. Doty ; Augusta, now Mrs. Brown ; Celia, now Mrs. Putnam ; Mott T. and George W- The mother's j)arents Avci'c Quaker people and were natives of New York State. Thomas Stevens' father was Eoswell Stevens, a native of New York and of English descent. He Avas a manufacturer and owned a large blast furnace. He was a soldier in the "War of 1812. The subject of our sketch remained at home in his native State until he was well along in yeai's. He received good educational train- inir and atteiuled the Fort Edward Seminarv» on the Hudson river, until twenty years of aee. From that time until he was twentv-six he worked in his fatlier's factory. Tlicn in 1862 he turned ]iisstei)S westward, locating in Lakecity, Minnesota, where,forabout fourteen years, he engaged in steamljoating and mill- ing. Thence he went to Minneapolis, en- ffaoins: in the real estate business, at which he continued one j'ear, when he removed to Wahpeton, Dakota, where he has since lived. He at once opened a hardware store, which business he has conducted ever since. He purchased his fine business place on Dakota avenue, and also a fine residence on Fifth street, where he now lives. In 1885 he had the contract for plumbing from the water works, mains to the offices, stores, and resi- dences in Wahpeton. He owns a large pow- der magazine adjoining the city limits, PARK REGIONS OF MINJVESO TA. 359 where he does an extensive wholesale busi- ness in powder. Mr. Stevens was married in 1863 to Miss Laura Ciiadderdon, a native of Weedsport, New York, and a daugiiter of Nathan and Phwbe J. (Rood)Chadderdon. natives of the same place. This union has been blessed witii two children — Maria E. and Fred. T. Mr Stevens has invested largely in real estate, and owns a number of residence lots on Si.xtli street. In politics he affiliates with tlie democratic party, and is a leading- member of the Masonic Order and of the Knights of Pythias and Knights of Honor. Himself anil wife are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal church, of which ciuirch he is a leading trustee. Mr. Stevens has been successful in business, and is one of the solid and prominent men of the city and county. • ■' >- n^HN p. HANSEN, another man of high standing and prominence in the city of Mooi'head, is the person of whom this sketch will treat. He is of the firm of Hansen Bros. butchers and stock dealers. Mr. Hansen is a native of Germany, born November 13, 1852. His parents were Erich and Ciiristena ( Suvei'krubb ) Hansen, also Germans by birth. His father was an exten- sive l)rewer, and also followed farming to some extent. He now leads a retired life. Atone time he was induced to join the police force and kept on serving, until twenty-five years liad rolled away. His father's name was Joiin J., who was also a farmer and followed brewing throughout his life . Erich, our subject's father, had a family of eleven ciiiidren, all of whom he finely educated. Tiieir names are — John, Erich C. F., Peter, ^lagretha, Christena, Ever, Doris, Juliane, Fritz, Carl and Heinrich. John P., of whom we are now to speak biographically, was raised in the cit\' of Schleswig, German}^ where he had good school advantages and availed himself of them. "When about sixteen years old he entered a general store, where he learned the art of book-keeping. He remained four years and a half, and all but the last six months was expended in mastering the profession. The first four years he received his board, but had to get his own clothing and laundry work. The last six months he received $50, with board. After this training he left the home of his childhood and came to American soil, first settling in Duluth, where he found emjiloyment in a flour and feed store, for a short time. From that he went into a grocery store, remaining for fifteen montiis. He then took a trip to the copper mines of Michigan with his brotlier. He only stopped there a month or so and came back to Duluth, where he did wood chopping by the cord for two months, building a log hut in the big woods, in which he and his three companions boarded themselves and chopped for a living. After this laborious means of getting on in the world a mer- chant of Superior City, Wisconsin, engaged him to clerk in a general store during the winter. From that ])lace he again strayed back to Duluth, antl worked in a wholesale liquor house for a year or more. He did other work for another year and then eneasred in grocerv trade himself in Duluth, l)Ht shortly thereafter he went to Willmar, Minnesota, Avherc he worked in a meat mar- ket. He went to Fargo \\\ 1ST6, looking for work, but failing, he went to Pted Wing, where he got work in the Turner 0])era House for two years. Then he went to Moorhead, and in the fall of 1878, with his brother, Erich, formed a partnership, which still exists, dealing in meat and cattle. Mr. Hansen was married on the ith of May, 1884, to Miss Caroline Kruegel, daughter of Wilhelm and Caroline Kruegel, natives of German v. IMrs. Hansen was born 36o KED RIVER VALLEY AND in the State of Wisconsin. Their family consists of two children— Earl J. and Her- bert P.. Mr. Hansen piii'chased a fine Jiome on Barlow and Fourth streets, in Moorhead, where he still lives. In ]iolitieal matters onrsul)ject is indejiend- ent, believing in the ix>st man for the office, regai'dless of strict party lines. He and his family attend the First Presbyterian churcli of Moorhead. -«" 'HRISTIAN JOHNSON, deputy sheriff of Otter Tail county, Minnesota, is a native of Norway, and was born June 2, 1851. His parents were Zacharius and Carry (Johanson) Johnson, both of whom were natives of Norway. The father while in Norway was a laboi'er in the city of Stenkjer. They came to America in 1SC7 and settled in Kushford, Fillmore county, Minnesota, where they remained for four years. They then came to Otter Tail county and settled in the township of Tordenskjold ami took a homestead of 1(50 acres. On this farm he built the first log house, 16x24 feet. In 1877 he sold out and purchased a farm of IGO acres in Leaf Mountain township. He continued to improve this farm until in 1881, when he moved to the vicinity of Fergus Falls, where he now lives. They had only one son — Christian. The subject of our sketch remained at home in his native country and received a common school education. After coining to America with his parents, he went at work on tlie railroads, grading on some of the principal lines in this Western country. He continued at this occupation foi- tliree years, after which he became a clerk in a general store at Fountain, Fillmore county, Minne- sota, where he remained one year. In 1871 he moved to Otter Tail county, where he took a pre-emption of 120 acres in the town of Tordenskjold. He improved this farm thoroughly, built a log house 8x10, liv- ing in tiie same for one yeai-. Then until 1874: he worke Samuel, the father of the subject of our sketch, is still living and is a resident of Alex- andria. He is now with his son at the Let- son House. He has followed various lines of business, in New York engaging in farming. On leaving New York he came to Wisconsin, and for the last thirteen years has been a resident of Minnesota. James H., the subject of this sketch, was reared in the State of New York until he was ten years of age. At that age his parents went to Canada, where they remained for three years, at the end of which time he came west to Michigan. At fourteen years of age . he left the parental roof and went upon the lakes, holding various positions on the steam- ers that plied from point to point. He fol- lowed this business until 1868, assisting in the large hotels during some of the winter months. In 1S6S he came to Minnesota and settled in Minneapolis. Here he was em- ployed in the Nicollet and Windsor Hotels for about six years. He then ran the Ex- celsior House at Minnetonka for five 3'ears as a tourist's hotel. In 1880 he came to Alex- andria on a hunting expedition and, being struck by the beauty of the country, he con- cluded to tarry with this ]ieople, and as there was no first-class hotel he conceived the idea of building such an institution and running it himself. The city people gave him three lots, and he built the hotel at an expense to himself of several thousand dollars. For the last six years he has run the Hotel Alex- andria at Geneva Beach, caring for some three hundred peoj)le from the South and East during each season. Mr. Letson was married in 1875 to Miss Mattie Waite, who was the daughter of W. W. Waite, of Minnetonka. Mr. and Mrs. Letson have only one child living, Alta, who is now a student at St. Paul. Mrs. Letson's parents were William W. and Harriet (Fairchild) Waite. They were natives of Albany, New York. He was a manufacturer of cigars and tobacco in Chi- cago for some time, and was interested in mills, and was a wholesale merchant in Indianapolis, Indiana. He came to Minnesota for his health and died at Excelsior in 1873. Mrs. Letson's mother is still living at Minne- a])olis. They had a large family, of which six children are now living — Mrs. J. H. Letson; Lucretia, now Mrs. Bliss; Grace, now Mrs. McCarthy; Eliza, now ^Irs. Dicker- son; Wallace and Leon. The father of this family was a stanch, true republican in politics and was a loyal member of the Bap- tist church. The mother was amemberof the Methodist Episcopal church. The Waite famil}'^ are of English descent, and their gen- erations have been traced back to 1075. Wdliam the Conqueror gave the earldom, city and castle of Norwich in England to Rolf de Waite, who was a son of Rolf, an Englishman by a AVelsh mothei'. Rolf de Waite married Emma, sister of Roger, earl of Hereford, who was a cousin of the Con- queror. The genealogical tree shows that Waite, of the county of Warwick, in A. I). 1350, was escheatorof the counties of Wilks, Oxford, Berkshire, Bedford and Bucks. Thomas Waite was a mcnd)er of Parliament, and one of the judges who signed the war- I'ant in 1649 for the execution of Charles I. Of this remarkable line of ancestry comes the Hon. Jonathon Waite, who was born in York, Livingston count}^ New York, 1811, and who is a brother of Mrs. Letson's father. Mr. Letson is an ideal hotel-keeper. He is always alive to the interests and welfare of his guests, providing the best of accommo- 3f)2 .K/:n KIVEK VALI.E Y AND flations, .and setting one of the best tables to be found in any hotel west of Minneajiolis or St. Paul. As a business man ISfr. Letson stands among the foremost of Alo.xandria. lie lias assisted financially in many enter- })rises that have been fortlie improvement of his adopted town. Tn politics he is a demo- crat. He is also a iiicinber of the Masonic fraternity, and, with his wife, is a member of the Congregational clnii'ch. Mr. Letson has always enjoyed the esteem and regard of his fellow-townsmen wherever he has resided. -•*- «^^ IMiT RANK HOPPE, who is engaged in the liquor business in Breckenridge, "Wil- kin county, Minnesota, is a native of Ger- many. He was born in tiiat kingdom in 1S49 and is a son of Godfred and Florenten (Schlieker) Iloppe, natives of Germany. The father Avas a farmer and followed that occu- pation until his death in 1858. The mother died irt JSOH. Tliey were the i)arents of twelve children. They were devoted mem- bers of the fierm.m Catholic church. Fi'ank lloppe, the suljject of thisljiograph- ical sketch, received his education in his na- tive land, and spent his early childhood on iiis father's farm. After his parents' death he secured work on a large farm, at which he worked for three years. He then secured the position of foreman of the same farm; after holding that place for four years he emigrated to the United States. He left his native land in October, 1872, and, after reaching America's shores, settled in St. Louis, Missouri. Although part of his time there was spent in a grocery store, the greater portion of the three years' sojourn in that cit}' was taken up witli the liquor busi- ness. Mr. Hoppe next removed to Lake City, ]\[innesota, where he worked on a farm for one year and then engaged in tlie same kind of business, which now occu]iies his time. In three years he had the misfortune to be burned out; then came to Breck- enridge, Minnesota, where lie engaged in the saloon business. Soon after settling in tliis place lie built a brewery just across the river, in Wahpeton, Dakota Territory. He sold this in about one year and then gave his attenticm exclusively to his business in Breckenridge. In addition to his liquor interests, he owns a farm of 310 acres, one mile and a lialf from the town, wliicli lie has rented since 1885. IMr. Hoppe was united in marriage in 1879 to Miss Emma Stalimann, l)y whom three children have been born — Francisca, Fred and Clara. Mrs. lIo])])c is the daugiiter of Fritz and Mary (Anding) 'Stahmann, and was born in Lake City, Minnesota. Her parents Avere natives of Germany, and, on coming to this coimtry, settled in Lake City, where the father engaged in farming. Mr. Hoppe, the subject of this article, is one of the substantial business men of Breckenridge. lie has held various local offices, and has always taken an active inter- est in everything calculated to benefit the locality in which he lives. In ])oliLical mat- ters he is an adherent to the principles of the democratic party. -.^j^-. -^^ ^'"•^HARLES H. BROWN, of Ada, Minne- sota, who is engaged in carrying on the principal harness-making establishment in that village, is one of the early settlers of the count\', and has been quite prominently identified with several of the institutions of the county seat ever since. Mr. Brown was born in the city and county of i'liiladclphia, Pennsylvania, April 9, 1851, and is the son of Charles and Agusta (Ilaney) Brown, natives of Germany. In 1854 he was l)rougIit by his parents to Fond du Lac countv, Wisconsin, and for some PARK REGIOyS OF MINNESOTA. 363 twelve years was reared u]ion a farm in the environs of the cit\' of Waupun, and tliere laid the foundation of his education. In 1 S66 the family removed to Kedwing, Good- Ime founty, jNIinnesota, and there, in June, ISCT, our subject, commenced an apprentice- shij) at tlie hai'ness-malcing trade witii E. P. Watson, of that city. After remaining with tiiat gentleman for some two years and a lialf he worked as a journeyman at the trade in various parts of the State, until 1S70, when lie came to what is now Norman county, and purchased a farm of the railroad com]iany, within three miles of Ada. Entering upon agricultural pursuits, he there made his home until January, 18S2, when he removed to Ada and established his present business, harness-making. Here he has continued ever since, and is to-day the leading manu- facturer and dealer in that class of ware in tlie county, but still carries on his farm in the same connection. Since his residence in Ada Mr. Brown has taken considerable interest in village matters, and has been a prominent member of the council for several years. "While upon the farm, jirior to moving into the village, he was the chairman of the town board, and in the fall of 1886 was elected chairman of the board of county commissioners for four years, and is the present incumbent of the latter responsible and onei'ous office, and ful- lills the duties of the position to the satisfac- tion of the majority of the rpialified electors of the county. The subject of this sketch was one of the ciiai'ter members and helped organize, in the fall of 1SS2, Norman Lodge, No. 154, A. F. i<, A. M., he having been made a JVIason in Ilei-man Lodge, No. 41, of Zumbrota. Min- nesota, in 187'.*. He has always numifested an active interest in the workings of the order, and has held some office in the lodge since the date of its organization, lie was also one of the originators of the Ada fire department, organized in 1883, and has iieen its chief since that time, and discharged his duties in that capacity with ability and praiseworthy energy. He also helped organ- ize the Ada Cornet Band, in 1885, which is one of the institutions of that village. Since he was eleven years old Mr. Brow^n has depended, to a great degree, upon the result of his own efforts, although he made his home with his parents until 1875, and is the sole architect of his (;wn fortune. Act- ive, energetic and ambit inus, he devoted his entire efforts to rise in the workl, and while he has gained the respect and esteem of his fellow-citizens, he has accumulated a hand- some nucleus of a fortune. Mr. Brown was united in marriage Decem- ber 4, 1879, with Miss Lucy Pfund, who died July 23, 1883. -^^ LBERT BOERNER, one of the respected ^ivj^ and industrious farmers of Grant county, IMinnesota, is a resident of section 30, Koseville township. He is a native of Prus- sia, and comes from a race ])roverbial for their thrift and econtmiy and integrity. He was born in that kingdom on the 28th of January, 1851, and is the son of Fi'ed and Christena Boerner, natives also of that grand division of Germany. The parents came to the United States in 1803, and, after remain- ing in Chicago, Illinois, for three months, moved to Wright county, Minnesota, where they lived until 1878. In 1878 they removed to Grant county, Minnesota, where they are still living. They have a family of eight chil- dren, named as follows — Fred, Caroline, So- phia, Henry, William, Albert, Herman and Julius. Albert Boerner, the subject of this bio- graphical sketch, spent his school days in his native land, and in 18t'.:'. came with his parents totheL'nited States. He remained with his 364 RED RIl'EK ]■ ALLEY AND parents until he was twenty-one j'ears old, when he commenced in hfe for liimself by engfaoino: in farm labor. He now owns a most desirable and iiighly cultivated tract of hind, comprising 320 acres on sections 20 and 30, IJoseville townsliip. He is extensively en- gaged in general farming and stoclc-raising, and is one of tiie prominent citizens of Grant county. Mr. I'oerncr was married on the 25th of January, 1872, to Miss Mary Dickow, a na- tive of Minnesota, and they are the parents of five cliildren, named as foihjws — Julia, Edwin, Frank, Alfi'cd and Eniil. Mr. Boerner, witii liis family, belongs to the Lu- theran ciiiircli. He is a man of tlic utmost jioiior and integrity, liigldv esteemed b}' all who bear his acquaintance. He has held various olfices of his townshi]?, including supervisor, school treasurer, etc. In polit- ical matters he affiliates with the republican party, and takes an active interest in all pub- lic and eilucationai affairs. ^«« .-^^ EV. THOMAS E. DICKEY, a min- i^<^^ ister of the gospel, will form the subject of this sketch. He, like every other man, lias had an experience that would fill a volume, of this size, if given in detail, but duty devolves upon the writer to herewith record only the chief facts concerning this man's birth, parentage and relation in life with men. He is a native of Nova Scotia, born April 2, 183(1. His parents were Ephraim and ^lary (Tiipper) Dickey, natives of the same country. The father was a lumljerman and followed the business of lumbering until his death. He was a major of the militia and a justice of the peace. Our subject's grandfather was William and his grand- mother Hannah (Howard) Dickey. Han- nah's father was a colonel in the Revolu- tionary War and a native of England. Mary Tupjier's parents wei-e Eddy and Annie Tupi)er, natives of England and Nova Scotia, respectively. Ephraim Dickey had a family of nine children, seven of whom are now living — Eddy, Hannah (now Mrs. L. C. Munson, of Minneapolis), William, Elijah, Eliza, Benjamin, and Mary (now Mrs. Will- iam Holesworth). Until he was fourteen years old, our sub- ject attended school in Nova Scotia, and then embarked in the lumbering business at the age of eighteen years. He came to Minneapolis, Minnesota, doing the same business until he was twenty-one years old. He then attended the high school of Minne- apolis a year and went to the Jubilee College, in the town of Tlobbin's Nest, Illinois, another year, then came to Faribault, Min- nesota, where he finished his classical studies, also graduated from the seminary, in 1807, having the degree of B. D. conferred upon him. He then took charge of the Episcopal parish at Le Sueur, Minnesota, for three years. His next charge was at Austin, Mower county, Minnesota, where he remained two years, then went to Olympia, Washington Territory, remained one year and next spent a year in California. From that State he .went to Silver City, Idaho, where he remained a year. The next three years were spent in Bozeman, Montana Terri- tory. From there he came to Moorhead, Minnesota, in 1877, taking charge of the mission on the Northern I'acific extension from Lake Detroit to Bismarck, making two trips per month for a year. He was then made president of the Nebraska ('ollege, at Nebraska City, iiolding that office four years, and then returned to ^roorhead and became rector of that parish. He built the Bishop Whipple School, in 1882, soutli of Moorhead. The buildings and grounds cost not far from thirtv thousand dollars. PA A' A' REGIOXS OF M/A'.VESOTA . 365 The date of our subject's marriage was 1870. His wife was Miss Helen Wright, a native of Veniioiit. Her father was Kent Wriirht. Their children are — Henrv W., Charles K., Ellis S. and Edward. The first named is now a teacher in Dakota. Politically J\[r. Dickey is a democrat. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity and is now nun^bered among Moorhead"s most promi- nent men. JISlCKEL M DUNN, the respected and .M"JJ%^ successful blacksmith in tiie village of Barnesville, Clay county, Minnesota, is a native of Pennsylvania. He was born in Cambria county, within eight miles of the Allegheny Mountains, on the 2d of April, 1S45, and is the son of Patrick and Mary (O'Donald) McDunu, natives of Ireland. The subject of this article spent the first seventeen years of his life in his native State, attending school in the winter and working on the home farm in the summer. In his seventeenth year he removed to the village of Wetmore, and worked two years and a half as an apprentice to the blacksmith's trade. In 18G5 he removed to Davenport, Iowa, where he worked on the farm for two months, but not liking the locality he returned to his native home in Pennsylvania. Shortly after his return he went down the Ohio river and stopped at Jefferson, Indiana, where he remained six months, working at his trade. At the ex]iiration of the time mentionetl, or in the fall of the same year, he again returned to his old home, and in the spring of 1866 emigrated to the far West, and settled near Hastings, Minnesota, locating on a farm with his brother. After remaining there for three years he returned to the old home in Pennsylvania and remained with his parents for two years. In 1871 Mr. MoDunn returned to Minnesota and settled at Hastings on the farm. He I'emained there, engaged in agricultural pursuits, until the spring of 1879, at which time he went to the village of Barnesville, Cla\^ county, Minnesota, where he has since resided, engaged in blacksmithing. Mr. McDunn was married, in 1872, to Miss Mary Gavin, a native of Hastings, Minne- sota. They have been blessed witii the fol- lowing-named children — Mary, Katie, Eliza- beth, AVilliara, Thomas and Michael. Mr. McDunn is one of the prominent and success- ful men of Clay county, and is a man of honor and integrity, highly esteemed by all who know him. He is one of the earliest settlers of Barnesville, having located here when there were only al)out half a dozen houses. — — .<5« g|klCHAEL J. GLENNON is the pro- -tr^ prietor of the Fergus Falls Bot- tling AVorks, and puts up artificial and natural mineral waters. He does a large busi- ness, and is located in Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. The place of Mr. Glennon's nativity was in the county of Westmeath, Ireland, where he Avas bom in 1855. He is the son of ]\Iichael and Bridget (Macken) Glennon, both of whom were natives of Ireland. The fathei' was by occupation a farmer. He died in the fall of 185-1; the mother still lives in her native land. They had a family of two children — Mary, now ]VIrs. Tynan ; and INI. J., the suliject of our sketch. Etlucational advantages being of a good character in his native land, the subject of our sketch received a very good schooling. When fourteen years of age he left Ireland and came to America, first stopping at New York City. There he put his hands to work, at whatever turned up ; in other words, he worked at whatever he could find to do, continuing at this general business for three 366 RED A'/l'/JC rAIJ./-:y AXD years, at the end of which time lie removed to Pennsylvania, where he worked out for three years. Tlionce he went to Iowa, stop[)ing at McGregor, and thence to St. I'aul, ]\[innesota, returning to McGregor, where liestojiped a short time. He remained in St. Paul for tliree years. In ISSl he came to Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minne- sota, and engaged in work for tlie Manitoba liailroad Company as wareliouse-man for two years. In 18S4- he longed for a business of his own, and, after casting about, bought his present establishment. In 1885 he estab- lished a branch business at Wahpeton, Da- kota, where lie built up a fine business, and, after running it for one year, sold out. In 1881 Mr. Glennon was united in tiie bonds of wedlock to Miss Bridget English, a native of Ireland, by whom he has two liv- ing children — Francis M. and Theresia. Since coming to Fergus Falls Mr. Glennon has been deeply intei-estod in tlie growth and welfare of the cit\\ He has built up a large and increasing business, and lives in a beau- tiful home just south of his bottling works, on Whetford street. In politics he has be- come quite pi'ominent in the democratic l)arty ; has been a delegate to the demo- cratic congressional convention, and has a number of times been delegate to the demo- cratic county conventions, lie and his wife and children are members of the Catholic church of Ferous Falls. ^.^> BR. GEORGE D. SWAINE, physician and surgeon, is the present ma\'or of Wahpeton, Kicldand county, North Dakota. He is a native of Marquette county, Wis- consin, wiiere he was born February' 18,1850. Dr. Swaine is a son of Asa M. ami Cath- arine (Cross) Swaine, the former a native of Vermont, and the latter a native of Ohio. The grandparents were William and Mercy (Fish) Swaine, the nativity of the former being the country of Denmark, and of the latter, the State of Ohio. The grandfather came to this country, with his parents, wiien quite J'oung and settled with them in the East. Asa I>. Swaine, the father of tlie subject of oursketcii, was reared on a farm and, ill an (Nirly day came to Wisconsin, settling at N'erona, in Dane county. Here he engaged in farming for several j'ears and then moved to Marquette county, where he engaged in tlie hotel business; thence he went to Waushara count\', where he held the position of county auditor for some years before the war. On the breaking out of the liebellion his heart was lired Avitli patriotic zeal, and, in 1802, he entered tlie service as Captain of Company G, of the Thirtieth Regiment Wisconsin Volunteers. He I'emained in the service of the Tnion for two and one-half 3'ears. On receiving his discharge he moved to Elysian, J.e Suciir county, Minnesota, where he is now engaged in farming. He has been very successful in his business affairs and has accumulated con- siderable means. Being an intelligent, ])ro- gressive citizen, he and his family are held in high esteem in the town in which they live. In the family there were eight children, four of whom are now living — Dr. George D.; Edith, now Mrs. AVestlake, of Kasota, Minnesota ; Blanche, now ]\Irs. Rev. George Hixon, of Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Florence, now Mrs. George Loudon, of Min- neapolis. The Doctor spent his younger daA'S on the farm and at twelve years of age attended the high school at AVhitewater, Wisconsin. He came with his parents to JMinnesota, and until he was eighteen yeai's old he worked on the farm during the summers and in the winter months attended the district school. On reaching eighteen years of age he put in practice a long-cherished idea and com- menced the studv of medicine at odd hours PARK KEGIOXS OF MIXNESOTA. 367 and on rainy days, otherwise doing work on the farm. He continued his studies under these circumstances until he came of age, and then he entered tiic Tlusli ]\[edical College of Chicago, Illinois, from which institution he irruduatetl in Feljruary, 1873. After his graduation he commenced the practice of his profession at Elysian, Le Sueur county, Min- nesota, remaining there until, as he says, he got a start; tlience he went to Negaunee, a place of C,()()0 inhabitants, in Northern Michigan. But eighteen months were spent in Negaunee. It was too cold in the winter? and the Doctor again returned to Minne- sota, settling in Le Sueur, Le Sueur county. Here he was engaged in active practice for eight years, antl at the end of that period removed to "\Vah])eton, Xorth Dakota, where he has since resided. While at Le Sueur he was also engaged in the drug business in connection with the [)ractice of his profession. Since coming to Wahpeton he has held many prominent positions of trust and responsibilit}', having been a member of the city council and being the present mayor of the city. Beside these ])ositions he has been the honored president of an insurance com- pany; is now the pi'esident of the Wahpeton Telephone Com|)any, and is treasurer of the Northern Light Electric Company. He is a leading member of the Minnesota Yalley Med- ical Association and is supei-intendent of the territorial board of health. The Doctor affil- iates with the ileniocratic party in politics, and is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, the l.O. O. F. and K. of P., of which latter he is the grand vice-chancellor. Dr. Swaine was married in 1882, on the 25th of December, to Mrs. Ilattie Conroy, of Le Sueur, Minnesota. They are both members of the E])iscopal church. The Doctor has built two fine residences since coming to Wahpeton, in one of which he now lives. The Doctor is well up in his l)rofession, and his attainments both in a lit- erary and professional sense are of a high oi'der. He stanils at the head of his pro- fession in this county. jM^ UGUST WENTZEL, one of the well- JI^jL known pro])i-ietors of the North- western Marble Works of Crookston, Minne- sota, was born in the kingdom of Prussia, Germany, April 1, 1843, and is the son of John and Rosla (Trojan) Wentzel. His father was a farmer in that country, and our subject was raised to the business of tilling the soil. In his 3'outh he received the edu- cation to which every German child is entitled by the law of tlie land, and at the age of twenty, bidding ailieu to the Father- land, crossed the seas to the New World to seek his fortune in tlie freer countries this side of the broad Atlantic. Landing at Quebec, Canada, on the lUth of June, 1803, he went from there to Stratford, in Upper Canada, where he remained about a year on a farm. At the expiration of that time he came to Detroit, Michigan, and in the vicin- ity of that city found employment in build- ing a Government fort. He remained in that city until the fall of 1867, when he removed to Manitowoc county, Wisconsin, and made his home in that locality for some three years. In September, 1870, Mr. Wentzel moved to Woodbury county, Iowa, to the neighborhood of Sioux C^ity, and was there engaged in farming for a period covering about six years. On the 1st of May, 1876, he arrived in Crookston, then an insignifi- cant village, a mere outpost of civilization. Some four families and a few single men, mere lookers-up of land, were the only inhabitants, who dwelt in some eight or ten log cabins or shanties. Wliere now stands the busy city the land was covered with primeval timber and underbrush. Mr. Wentzel, fully persuaded of the growth of this beautiful section of the State, pur- 368 NED KIVKK ]-AI.I.EY AXD chased a farm within some seven miles of Crookston, and settling Hi)on it engaged in agricultural labor. There he lived until ISSI, wlien he moved into the village and entered into tiic liquor iiusiness. This latter he .continued until June, 18SS, when he gave it up, and with a partner opened the North- western Marble Works. This institution, which is the largest in this portion of the State, is prepared to execnte, in a handsome and tasty manner, all orders for monuments, scul])ture or ornamental liuilding stone, of an\' or all kinds of material, and carries a large stock of granite, marble, etc., on hand constantly. Mr. "Wentzel is still the owner of his fine farm of 209 acres of land, but prefers to lease it to a tenant, as he can not devote his atten- tion to it, and since his location in the city it has been rented. In audition to this he is the proprietor of some valuaijle real estate in Red Lake Falls. Socially Mr. "Wentzel is one of tlie most p()))ular men in the city. He is an honored and esteemed member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, Select Knights and of the Independent Order of Odd-Fellows, and closely connected with the local lodges of those organizations. On the 1st of April, 1870, ]\Ir. Wentzel was united in marriage with Miss Augusta M. Janz, a native of Prussia, Gei-many, and the daughter of Daniel and Mrs. Janz. ^^EORGE B. WRIGHT, deceased, was X^sJ a resident of J\Iiniieai)olis, Minnesota. lie was a native of AVilliston, Yei'mont, and was horn in the year 1836. He received an academic education in his native State, and was by profession a surveyor or civil engi- neer. He engaged in this line until 1869, all this time in the State of Minnesota. He located 160 acres of land where the city of Fergus Falls, Minnesota, now stands, on the north side of the river, in 1867. This was in company with W. J. Mendonhall, of Min- neapolis. These gentlemen formed a j)art- nership and sent a crew of men to their place undei- the charge of Henry Dow, who arrived on the site of Fergus Falls on the 19th of August, 1870. They at once commenced the construction of a dam across the Red river, the location of this dam being now known as the Bee- hive Power. They also commenced the erection of a saw-mill, and the next spring built an addition thereto and put in one run of stone for the manufacture of floui-. Thpy platted 200 acres of land on the north side of the river, ]\Ir. Wright having secured forty acres in addition to his former 160. On the south side of the river they ]ilatted 160 acres, and commenced building and improving Fergus Falls. In 1870 and 1871 they sent a crew of men into the ])ine tim- ber, in what is now the town of Corliss, and in the spring of 1871 they rafted the logs down the river and had them cut at their saw-mill in Fergus Falls. Mr. Wright became sole owner of the unsold interest of Mr. Mendenhall in 1879, and after this devoted his entire time and all the money he could command to the building up and improving of his town. In 1881 he built what is known as the Bee-hive for a manu- factory, at present occupied by the Fergus Falls Wagon Company. He was a man of much vim and energy, just such a man as was needed for the trying times of the early settlement of Fergus Falls and vicinity. He was long-headed, clear, and his conclusions as to the outcome of things were seldom known to be erroneous. He believed that the town, in whose interests he was working in those earlj^ daj's, would sometime Ijecome an important city, but he was destined not to see the outcome of his labors. He was cut down by death on the 29th of April, PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 369 1882, ill the prime of life, being but forty- six 3'ears of age. He was a man universally loved and respected by all who made his acquaintance. To him is due tiie honor of making Fergus Falls what it is today. To liini is due tiie honor of opening up the pos- sihilities for prosperity and rapid growth whic'li liavo come to this city. He indeed made Fergus Fails wliat it is to-day. He was an uncle of C. D. Wright, the president uf tlie First National bank of Fergus Falls. [OHN A. STONEBURG, a well-known and ^ iiighly respected business man of Grant county, Minnesota, is proprietor of a livery, feed and sale stable at Herman. Mr. Stoneburg was born in Sweden, on tiie 9fh of October, 1859, and is a son of John and Johanna (Anderson) Stoneburg. The raniily came to the United States in about 1S(')8, landing in IS'ew York City, and settled shoi'tly afterward near Lake City, in Wabasha county, Minnesota. There they remained for ten or twelve years, and then the family removed to Stevens county, and the father took a liomestead in what is now Eldorado township, where he still lives. Our subject, John A., is one of a family of four that grew to manhood — Andrew, John A., Ciiarles M. and Alfred. John A. Stoneburg was only nine j^ears of age when the family came to the United States and to Minnesota. He received his education principally at Lake City. After finishing his schooling he aided his father in liie lai)ors attendant upon carrying on the iionie farm, continuing thus until he was twenty-one years olil, tlie famih' removing meanwiiile to Stevens county. When John A. had attained his majority he engaged in the inacliinery business at Fergus Falls for Captain Cole, but five months later went to Herman, where he clerked for N. B. Ufford in a general merchandise store for about one year. He tJien sold machinery for AVashburn & Weljster, of Herman, for two summers, traveling a good share of the time, after which he embarked in the busi- ness on his own account for one year. AVe next find him clerking in the hardware store of Wells Bros, for a few montiis, and at tiie expiration of that engagement he establislied a confectionery store which he conducted for two years. In the spring of 1887 he estab- lished himself in the livery business, in which he has since been engaged. He also runs a line of stages between Herman and Elbow- Lake. * Mr. Stoneburg was married, October 27, 1883, to Miss Anna Wistene. (^AMUEL S. DAVIDSON, the leading ■^^^ merchant at the village of Mallory, in Polk county, Minnesota, is one of the most capable business men in tlie western portion of tlie State, and well deserves creditable mention in a work devoted to the represen- tative business men of the Red River Yalley. Mr. Davidson was born in Ontario, Canada, on the 21st of August, 1846, and is a son of Ralph and Margaret (Swan) Davidson, who were natives respectively of England and Ontario. His father was a farmer and a carpenter, and was a man who was well and favorably known throughout the region in which he lived. Samuel S. Davidson, whose name heads this article, received his education. and grew to manhood in the Province of his liirth. He did carpenter work and aided his father in the labors attendant upon carrying on the home farm, and remained at home until lie had attained the age of twentj^-seven years. He then began teaching school, and followed that profession for seven years in Canada. Plis reason for beginning teaching was 370 RKD KIVER VALLEY A A- D because he had been seriously hurt in falling from a building sciifl'old. Tlie next impor- tant event of his life was his marriage, in 1877, and in February, 1880, he came to Polk count}', ]\rinnesota. For about one year he stopped at Fisher, where he was engaged in clerking for C. P. Mallory. His next move was to tlie present site of the village of ilallory, wiiere for a few months he worked at liis trath^and did other kinds of laljor. Tn October, ISSl, he purchased the store build- ing of Mallory & Spafford, and opened a ijeneral mei'chandise store. He lias since carried on this estal)lishment, and liis honor- able business methods and straightforward dealings have won him an extensive trade. When Mr. Davidson purchased his building, which was the first on the site of the village, it was only 16x30 feet in size. He has since made material improvements. He has enlarged so that he now has a store room 16x32 feet in size, with additions for dwell- ing 14x16 feet and 11x34 feet, with 16-foot ])osts. Mr. Davidson was one of the pioneers of this locality. When he came here the railroad had just been completed, although there was as yet no side track at IMallor}-. The date of Mr. Davidson's marriage was January 3, 1877. His wife was formerly Elizabeth Kichmond, a daughter of John and Beatrice (Armour) Eichmond. Mrs. David- son was born in Lanark county, Ontario, Canada, but her parents were natives of Scotland. ■■V' 'i lENJAMIN P. BROWN, agent for the George 13. Wright estate, has his head- quarters at Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. Mr. Prown is a native of Mil- ford Penobscot county, Maine, and was born June'J, 1853. His parents were True G. and Jorintha (Guliver) Prown, natives of Ban- gor, Maine. The father carries on the lumber and mill- wright business, at which he has been engaged for a number of years in his native State. His father was Isaiah Prown, also a native of Maine, and by occupation a farmer. In Isaiah Prown's family there were six children. The mother's father wns Benja- min Guliver, a native of Pangor Maine. He was a sea-faring man and was foi- years master of a sailing vessel. He reared a famih' of nine children, and three of his sons were captains of vessels on the ocean. The father's family are of English descent, and on the mother s side are descended from the French. Mr. Prown's father had a family of three children, all sons — Penjamin F., the subject of our sketch, George W. and Oscar T. The younger days of the subject of our sketch were spent at home attending the public schools. After closing his high-.sehool course he for some time attended a commer- cial college, but prior to this he was for some time book-keeper in a store at Mil ford, Maine. After taking his commercial course he went to Oldtown, across the river fi'om Milford, and there engaged in clei'king and took charge of the book-keeping department. He then returned to his home in Milff)rd, where he engaged in the mercantile business for some three years. He then sold out and went to Pangor, where he became book- keeper for Fuller i.\: Stanford, wholesale deal- ers in groceries, corn and flour. After remain- ing in the emplo}' of this company for about one year he came West. In 1880 he located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and engaged as clerk in the dry goods department of Good- fellow & Eastman's establishment, by whom he was employed for six months. Thence he removed to Fargo, Dakota, where for six months he was employed as book-keeper for P. G. Tozier. In August, 1881, he came to Fergus Falls, and entered the employ of G. P. Wright as book-keeper. At this time Mr. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA 371 Clement was agent for Mr. Wright, but, after tlie latter's death in 1882, Mr. Clement resigned his position and Mr. Brown was appointed agent. He has attended to this estate since that date. His office is on Cas- cade street, opposite the Cable Flour Mill. His dwelling adjoins the office. In the year 18S0 INIr. T.rown was united in the bonds of matrimony to Miss Esther I. Newbegin, a native of Milford, Maine, and daughter of Ed ward (t. and Catharine (Marsh) Newbegin, natives of Maine. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have two children — Edward T. and Herbert F. Mr. Brown is engaged in raising Holstein cattle, and has a fine herd mostly of this breed, which stock he obtained from Roch- ester, Minnesota. He keeps thirty-five cows for dairy purposes and disposes of the milk to city consumers. He employs a man on his farm near town to attend to his farm inter- ests. He has held many ])ositions of trust and has at ail times enjoyed the confidence of his fellow citizens. While residing in the East he was town clerk and town treasurer for a period of two years. He Avas also a sur- veyor and worked during a portion of the time at surveying. In politics Mr. Brown is a stanch republican, having affiliated with that party for many years. He is a leading Mason and is a ])rominent Imsiness man of Fergus Falls. ►^^ JMLaRVEY E. COOKE, editor of the JP3i_ PoJ'k Couniy Journal, of Crookston, Minnesota, was born in Northampton, Mas- sachusetts April 27, 1849, and is the son of Aaron and Harriett (Clark) Cooke. AVhile he was yet a boy his pai'ents I'emoved to Steuben county, New York, where he was reared and received his primary education. In the latter part of the summer of 18G2, while the land re-echoed with the tocsin of war waged hy I'ecreant citizens on our Gov- ernment, his 3'oung heart beating high with patriotism, although but thirteen years old, he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Sixty-first New York Infantry. The young volunteer, perhaps one of the young- est to shoulder a musket, knowing that the law prohibited the enlistment of boj^s under the age of eighteen, cut out of an old newspaper two pieces upon which were printed the figures 18, and when asked his age, replied promptly, "I am over eighteen," for he had placed one in each stocking under each heel. His name was enrolled in that gallant regiment, but he never served with it. After being mustered into the United States service at Elmira he was taken sick with the typhoitl fever, before the company was fully recruited, and sent home. Before his thorough restoration his ambition and courage led him to endeavor to reach the regiment, which occasioned a relapse. He was sent to the hospital at New York City, where he remained until the following Feb- ruary, when he was enabled to reach his home. Under the kind ministration of a mother's care he soon recovered, and in May, 1803, went to Rochester and enlisted in Company F, First New York Veteran Cavalry, then being recruited up to standard strength, and was mustered into the United States service at Geneva, New York. He was at once sent as recruiting officer to Steuben county in search of recruits, and returned in two weeks' time to thecompan}' with the requisite number of men. Being for- warded to Washington, District of Columbia, the regiment spent I'oui- weeks at Camp Stone- man, on the Maryland side of the Potomac river, in drilling, at the end of which time they were attached to the noble Sixth Corps, " The Followers of the Cross," then under command of General John M. Sedgwick, and our subject received his " baptism of fire" at Snicker's Gap, Loudoun county, Yir- 372 RED RIVKR VALLE V AND ginia, liaving joined the corps at Harper's Ferry. After their engagement at that place with Mosby's guerrillas, he, in com- mon with tiie heroic members of that noble regiment, participated in all of the hardships, sufferings and sanguinary coiillicts tiiat have made tlie armies of tiie I'otoinac and tiie Slienandoah so famous. Looking bade on the blood-stained fields of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, l\'tersbui-g, and many others, and viewing tlie hardsiiips, sufferings, and death of that fratricidal strife from a civilian's point of view, it is a wonder that our young hero could survive to tell the tale. He had three horses shot uiuler liim and many others used uj) with fatigue. He served throughout until tlie close of hostilities, and was mustered out on Saturday, July 22, 1865, at Camp Piatt, West A^irginia. On again returning, lilvc Cincinnatus, to the paths of peace, Mr. Cooke gave his strict- est attention to finishing his education, and as soon as able tauglit a term or two of school to obtain means to go on with. It was while thus striving to fit himself for life, that he learned the rudiments of tiie "art preservative of all arts," printing. During his vacations he went to work in a printing-office in Bath, Steuben county, New York, and soon became proficient in the mechanical branch of tiie business. This he followed from time to time in the inter- val between his studies for some years. In 1869, Mr. Cooke went to Helena, Arkan- sas, and, until the spring of 1872, was em- plo^'ed as teacher among the freednien, but liis health becoming- impaired by close application he was then compelled to give up instruction, and came to the neighborhood of Glyndon, Minnesota, where he took up a claim. In the fall lie returned to Helena, and taught school during the winter montlis, but in the fall of 1873 returned to the Ked River Valley and settled on his jilace, where he was engaged in agricultural ])ursuits until the faU of 1875. Tlie total destruction of his two crops by the grasshoppers had totally impoverished liim, all his previous savings having disap- peared, until lie liad not money enoiigii to get out of the country. Discouraged but not dislieartened, Mr. Cooke, after muuer- ous efforts to obtain emjiloyment of any character, found work on a wood train, and after that in chopping wood in the timber, which "kept the wolf from the door" lor a time. In the spring of 1876 he found em- ployment in the office of the Journal at Audubon, Becker county, Minnesota, and soon took charge of the publication of that paper. In the spring of 1877 he established the Polk Counly Journal, at Crookston, printing the paper at Audubon, and in the spring of 1878 discontinued tlie former pa]ier, purchased a press and outfit and removed to the village of Ci'ooksti)n, and commenced the printing of the Journal at home. This was the first newspaper north of the Northern Pacific Railroad, in the State of Minnesota. Since that day he has never missed a publication, and devotes his atten. tion to the interests of Polk county. He is a member of the republican party, and a member of the State Central Re])ul)lican Committee. Since establishing the Journal, Mr. Cooke has been very successful from a monetary ]ioint of view, now owning, besides his well e(juippeil office, one grain farm of 480 acres four miles east of Carman, and a stock farm of 320 acres two miles north of Crookston. Mr. Cooke is a member of the Masonic fraternit\', and of the Cobham Post, No. 90, G. A. R." Mr. Cooke was married October 1, 1877, I to ]\Iiss Mary E. Hopkins of Vermontville, i Eaton county, Michigan. Her father was one of the pioneers of Michigan and fol- lowed farming during his active life. PARK A'KG/OA'S OF MINNESOTA. 373 T^yENRY P. GILL. A volume devoted J^ '^ to a review of the life work of prominent business men of the Red River Valley would be deficient indeed were it to omit an appropriate mention of the gentle- man whose name heads this article. He is a member of the fii'm of Gill & Forriston, jiroprietors of the Moorhead Roller Mills. Mr. Gill is a native of Germany, born in 1844. He is the son of Philip and Margret (Gill) Gill, natives of Germany. The father was engaged in milling in his native land, as was also his father, Hon. Peter Gill, who was a senator in his native land for two terms. By careful tracing up, it is found that the ai't of Hour making has run back in this family for over one hundred and fifty years. The father of Peter was Anton, who, with liis brother Lewis, ran the same mill that the son Peter operated. Philip came to America in 1872, and settled m the mill- ing business in Kansas Cit}^ where he died two years later. The mother is now in Mexico. They had onlv two sons — Henry P. and Philip H^^ Our subject, Henry P., was reared, from his early youth up, in and around his father's mill. In 18t).") he came to America, settling at Chicago, I Hindis, where he engaged in milling for about two j'ears. From there he went to Kansas City, engaging in the same occupation until 1874, at which date he went to Colorado and went into the commission business, continuing for three years. He then went to California, where he again engaged in milling and remained there until 1884, when he went to Fargo, Dakota Terri- tory, engaging in tlie roller mill of that city. A year later he came to Moorhead and worked in the mill for a time, but finally, on the 1st of April, 1888, the partnership was formed of Gill & Forriston. The date of Mr. Gill's nuirriage was 1872, his wife's maiden name being Eliza Knoche, a native of Missouri. Her father was Philip Knoche, of Kansas City. They have five children — Emmie, Pauline, Edward, Heni'i- etta and Harry. Our subject is independent in his political views. He is a member of the Odd-Fellows Order and a popular nnm wherever known. He was an alderman at one time, when he lived in Colorado, and held various other local offices. Both he and his wife attend the Methodist Episcopal church. The mill thej^ now operate does a large business, shipping to the seaboard and sup- plying home demand as well. ^m^HEODi W Falls, JJ -«•- DORE JOHNSON, of Fergus Minnesota, is the proprietor of a meat market located at No. 321 Bismarck avenue, on the south side of the Red river. He is an extensive dealer in fresh and salted meats, poultry and fish. Mr. Johnson is a native of Norway, born on the 17th day of November, 1847. His parents, John and Guru (Ilalvorsdatter) Johnson, were both natives of Norway. The father was by trade a tailor, which line of business he followed thi'oughout his life. He had a family of nine children, seven of whom now live — Anne, Bereth, Oleanna, Guru- anna, Julianna, Theodore anil Charles H. The subject of our sketch remained at home attending school until he was sixteen years of age. At that age he went upon the ocean, serving as a sailor and also as a fisherman. He followed these occujtations most of the time until coming to America in the year 1870. On coming to this coun- try, he went directly to Wisconsin, where he worked for a lumber company in the city of Eau Claire for five years. Thence he went to Fergus Falls, Minnesota, and began work- ing at the carpenter's trade, which business he followed for some three years. He then opened a butcher shop on Lincoln avenue on 374 RED KIVER VALLEY AND the north side of the river, wiiich business he continued for about live years. When he first came to Fergus Falls he purchased the lot on which his present business building now stands. He built a good substantial shop and house, and now lives in the second story of his ])usiness building. Mr. Johnson was marrietl in 1ST2 to Miss Martha Jensen, a native of Norwa}' and daughter of Jens and Carrcn (Hansdatter) Evanson. Mr. Evanson was a native of Nor- way, in which country he lost his wife by death. He came to America in 1871, and is at present living with j\Ir. Johnson, his son- in-law. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have two living children. Four children have died, by name Toi'val and Tora ; two died before they were named. The names of those liv- ing are Gilmar and Konrad. Mr. Johnson affiliates with the republican party, ami both himself and his wife and children are members of the Lutheran church. He has made several fortunate business investments in the city and has made considerable monej'. He owns a laun- dry I)uilding on Whiteford street, which building he put up in ISSl. He is a first- class citizen, and is one of the respected and respectable men of Fergus Falls. .«- IMOTHY HEALD, one of the most prominent and influential citizens of Grant county, Minnesota, is a resident of section 23, Pomme de Terre town- ship, where he is extensively engaged in a general farming and stock-raising busi- ness. He is a native of Maine, born in Penobscot county on the 3d day of Sep- tember, 181C, and is the son of Jonas and Hannah (McKinncy) Heald, natives of IVfaine, where they remained during their entire lives. They were devoted to the farming industry. The mother passed away in | 1823, the father dying in 1857. Th'ey were the parents of the following-named children — Peoples, James, Jonas, Timothy, Sally, Betsie and Mary Ann. Mr. Heald, the subject of this article, spent his younger days in the county of his birth, Penobscot. Maine, and attended school in that locality until he had reached the age of fifteen years. He then decided to become a sailor, and accordingly took up a sea- faring life and followed this vocation for three years. At the expiration of that time he returned to Penobscot county, where he remained for seven years engaged in the pineries in the winter and on the river in the summer. In 1841 he engaged'in farming in his native State and followed the same for nine years. In the year 185-1- he went to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he worked on the river and operated a farm for ifr. "Wales for one year. He then bought a tract of land on Basset creek, Hennepin county, Minnesota, on which he remained for thir- teen years engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1868 Mr. Heald removed to Grant county, Minnesota, settling in Pomme De Terre township, where he purchased a piece of land comprising 180 acres on section 23, where he has since remained, devoting his time to farming. For a number of years he operated a hotel at his farm home for tlie accbmmodation of the traveling public. Mr. Heald was one of the earliest settlers in the county, as the early date of his settlement will testify. He participated in the organi- zation of his residence to\vnshi]i, and is one of the most successful farmei's in the countv. Mr. Heald was married on the 7th dav of April, 1838, to Miss Elizabeth Martin, a native of Maine, and now the mother of the following-named children— Yelgora, Samuel W., Ezra M., Aaron, Loantha. Francis H., Hannah A. and Jonas P. All the children are married, except Samuel, who was killed in the late war. He was twentv-one vears PARK RHGIOXS OF MIXNESOTA. 375 of age at the time of his death and belonged to the Third Minnesota Infantry. Mr. Heakl has held the offices of assessor and various offices of the school district, including school clerk, treasurer, etc. In political matters he is a republican, and evinces deep interest in all local affairs. He is one of the most prominent and highly esteemed citizens of the township, and a man of the strictest iionor and integrity, his word bein"' considered as aood as a bond. -»— ^ UDGE WILLIAM S. LAUDER is the present district attoi'ney of llichland count3', North Dakota, and resides at AVah- peton, the county seat of said county. Judge Lauder is a native of Orleans county. New York, where he was born February 9, 18.56. ■ The parents of the subject of our sketch were Thomas and Mary (Scott) Lauder, natives of Wigtonshire, Scotland. They came to America in 184-i and settled in Orleans county. New York, where they remained until 18.57. The father was l)v occupation a farmer, and is now living in River Falls, Wisconsin, where he holds a high place in the esteem of his fellow-men. He held the ])osition of county commissioner for many years in Pierce county, "Wisconsin. In his family were eight children — Samuel, Isabeile, Thomas, "William S., Gavan, Mary J., John and James. The mother died Jan- uary 1, 1880. The subject of our sketch was reared on the home farm, receiving the advantages of a common school education until he was eighteen j'ears of age. He attended tiie St. Croix Collegiate Institute, from which he graduated in 1871:. After his graduation he turned his attention to teachinjr and taught school for five terms in Pierce and St. Croix counties, "Wisconsin. Of sturdy Scotch descent and having had the advantage of a rugged early training he turned part of his time meanwhile to work in the pineries and on the " drive " in "Wisconsin. After this he began the study of law in the office of Hon. "Wellington Vannatta, at Eiver Falls, Wis- consin, with whom he remained for three years. In 1879 he was admitted to the practice of law in that State, and soon after he opened an office in Prescott, Pierce county. Remaining there until 1881 he turned his course westward and located in Richland county. North Dakota, where he has since been activ^ely engaged in the prac- tice of his profession. In 1882 he was elected judge of probate, which office he held for two j'ears, at the end of which time he was elected district attorney, and being- re-elected in 1888, is the present incumbent of tliat office. In politics he affiliates with the republican party and is a leading mem- ber of the Order of Knights of Pythias. He has made numerous profitable investments in real estate, and at present owns a fine farm near Wahpeton. Judge Lauder is a man of excellent literary and legal attainments, and has built up a large practice that extends over several counties in Dakota and Minne- sota. He is an able district attorney, and is one of the leading lawyers of his town and county. He is unmarried and makes his home at the Headquarters Hotel, where he has domiciled during his residence in Wahpeton. ♦J^J^-^- llaYMAN H. SUTTON is a member of the i^ firm of Sutton & Kj'ed, of Alexandria, Minnesota. They are manufacturers of and dealers in harness and horse furnishing goods. They have also a repair shop in connection in which repairs are promptly made, and satisfaction guaranteed. ]Mr. Sutton is a native of Cattaraugus county, New York, and was born in 1849. He is the sou of Lvman C. and Jane A. 376 RED RIVER VALLEY AND (Brooks) Sutton, who were natives of New York. Mr. Sutton's father was engaged in boot and shoo manufacture until in 1855, wiien lie came to loua. One year later he came to Minnesota, settling in Fillmore county, whence he came to Alexandria in 1871. At this time he turned his attention to farming, locating on a farm two miles noi'th of Alexandria. lie is now livino: on the same farm of 120 acres. He had a family of three children — Charles "W., Lucretia D. (now Mrs. McQuillan), and Lyman H. The subject of our sketcli, until twenty years of age, remained at home attending school. He learned his present trade in Iowa and Minnesota, and after coming to Alexandria in 1872 he purchased a farm of eighty acres two miles from town. Here he engaged in mixed farming for eight years. At the end of this time he went to Parker s Prairie, where he opened a harness shop, which he kept for one year. He then went to Ashb}', Grant county, Minnesota. At this latter place he opened a harness shop, and continued in the harness l)usiness for three and a half years. He then concluded to change his business operations and came to Alexandi'ia; tliere he o]iened a harness shop, which he has continued ever since. He pur- chased a house and lot on Seventh avenue and () street, where he now lives. He also owns a farm in Hudson township, where he became interested in 1887. Mr. Sutton is independ- ent' in politics, and is a member of the I. O. O. F. He is one of the leading business men of the village and count}', and takes an active interest in all thino-s tliat pertain to the interest of Alexandria and vicinity. He was married in 1869, in June, to Miss Louise C. Ibberson, the daughtei- of Abra- iiam Ibberson, of Mower county, JMinnesota. Seven children have blessed tliis union — Lizzie J., Nora J., Mary A., Etta J., Ernest \"., Minnie, and Luvern L. [AMES H. BARNARD, one of Moorhead's most energetic and successful business men, is the proprietor of the Key City Dray Line. He is a native of Madison county, New York, where he was born, June 1,1837. His father was Ashabel A. and his mother, Abigal (Stowell) Barnai'd, natives of Madi- son county, also. They were thrifty New York State farmers and lived in that county until 1839. They then removed to Cat- taraugus count}', where the mother still remains on the old homestead worked by her husbanil, who died in 1886. He had held man}' town offices. Politically he was a firm believer in democratic ideas. Both he and his wife attended the Baptist ciiurch. They had six cliiidren — James H., Mary E. (now Mrs. C. Bull), Wellington (who died at Andersonville prison, having been there three months — it is said he literally starved to death ! ), Ann (now Mrs. L. Bull), Edgar, and Emmie (now "Mrs. Crook.) Our subject, the oldest of his father's children, was reared on the farm, receiving a good common school education. He lived at home until he was nineteen years of age. then went to Olean, New York, working on a farm a few weeks, for which he received $15. He then accepted a place in a hotel of that city and remained for seven years, five years of this period he worked con- stantly, not being off duty for a single day. Mr. Barnard married Miss Mary E. Morris daugliter of Neeley and Elizebeth (Itaub) Morris. After his nuiri'ias'e he enffas'ed in farming in Cattaraugus county. New York, continuing there and in Allegany county of the same State, until 1880, when he moved to Moorhead, Minnesota. He first pre- empted a quarter section of land in Ransom county, Dakota, built a house and lived on the same a year. He moved into Moorhead in the fall of 1881, The first year he worked on the Grand Pacific Hotel, and the same winter he purchasetl a team anil commenced PAKK A-EG70XS OF MIXNESOTA. ZTi draying, which business he has since fol- lowed ; lie now owns several teams and is the leading drayman of the city of Moor- head. To be more specific regarding Mrs. Barnard's people, it will be in place to here state that her father was engaged in farming in Cattaraugus county, New York, in the town of Ischua. He went on this farm when only nineteen years old and remained there until his death, when he was sixty -six 3'eai's of age. Their family had six children, four of whom are now living^ — Cordelia (now Mrs. Learn), Eli, "William and Mrs. Barnard. Two died^ — Melvin and John. Mrs. Barnard's grandfather, on her father's side, was Thomas Morris, who was the first judge of Cattaraugus county, New York, as well as the first merchant doing business in Frank- linville, of that county. Her parents on the mother's side trace themselves back to German origin, while on the father's side they were from England. In his political lielief Mr. Barnard is a democrat. Both he and his wife belong to the Baptist church. Mrs. Barnard is an active worker in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and also does noble service in the Ladies' Benevolent and Aid Societ}'. Mr. and Mrs. Barnard have been tiie parents of four children — Melvin W., Bertha C, Neeley (deceased), and Earl. II^OUIS HINTZE, the local agent for the v^' il loan, real estate, insurance and collec- tion firm of A. D. Stephens, came to Ada, Minnesota, where he now resides, on the 14rth of January, 1881, when that place only contained some four or five business houses and twice that many residences, and has made this his home ever since. Mr. Hintze is a .native of Hanover, Ger- many, born September 18, 1855, and is the son of C. L. and Louise (Ohland) Hintze. He was reared in the land of his birth and received an excellent education, both in the schools of that country and under private instruction, from his sixth year upwards. At the age of fifteen he commenced life as a clerk in a grocery store in his native land, but six montiis later determined to seek his fortune in the New World. Having no cap- ital beyond a stout heart and a pair of will- ing hands, he was compelled to work his way across the Atlantic. After landino' at Ni3W York he crossed over to Brooklyn, where he spent some five years in cleri- cal labor with one party. At the expiration of that period a longing to see his parents caused him to relinquish his position, and he paid a visit to the home of his boyhood. After remaining there a year he returned to Brooklyn, New York, and there, re-entering the employ of the gentleman with whom he had been before, made his home until 1881, when he came to Ada. For the first two years here IVIr. Hintze was employed in the furniture store of A. F. George, after which, for eighteen months, he was the clerk of the Ada House. Eeturn- ing once more to see his parents, where all his family, except his brother William, re- side, he spent six months, and on returning to Ada engaged in his present business. He is recognized as a shrewd business man, and enjoys the entire confidence of his em- ployer and the fullest respect of the com- munity. He has been (piite successful since coming to this point, and, although witlmut money when he started in life, has accumu- lated a substantial capital, which he has well invested in loans and in real estate. Mr. Hintze is an active member of Nor- man Lodge, No. 151, of which he was one of the charter members and the first tyler, and of which he has been secretary for five 378 Kliiy RIl-ER VALl.hlY AXD years. He was made a Mason in Allemania Lodge, Ko. 741, of Erookl^-n, New York, in 1879. Wiiliaiu Ilintze, tJie brother of Louis llint/.e, also a resident of Ada, was born in Hanover, Germany, April 1 , ISfil. At the age of seventeen he, too, came to the United States, and spent five years as a cleric in the city of Brooklyn. In 1883 he came to Ada, where his brother was located, and was in tlu! employ of Tlioi'pe Bros, ife Co., liaving the charge of their branch store at Gary, Minnesota for a year. From there be went to Minot, Dakota, for the same firm, and at the end of a year came to Ada, and has had charge of their books ever since. He is a young man of more than the average ability, shrewd, straightforward and upright, and possessed of the entire confidence of his employers. Although he was entirely with- out means wlien he landed on these shores, and in debt for his })assage monej', by dili- gence and economy he has accumulated a nice little ca[)ital, which is well invested. He is also a member of Norman Lodge, No. 154, A. F. it A. M., of Ada, and an active worker in the order. fDHN UTTERBERG, engaged in the liquor business in the city of Barnesville, Cla\' county, Minnesota, is one of the j^rominent business men of that locality. He is a native of Sweden, born on the 9th of July, 1852, and is the son of J. V. and Mary (Peterson) Utterberg, also natives of that kingdom. The subject of this article remained in his native land until he had attained the age of twenty years. During that time he attended the common schools in his native place and received a fair education. He also learned tlie blacksmith's trade, and at the time men tioned, 1872, emigrated to the United States. After landing he went to Minnesota and settled in Wright county, where he remained, engaged in various occupations, until 1878. In the spring of 1878 he removed to Clay county in company with Mr. Marth and Mr. Mackenroth, and in May of the same year Mr. Utterberg secured a clerkship in the general merchandising store of Mr. Martli, whose biogi'aphy appears in another part of this work. Our subject remained in this position for three 3'ears,and at tiie ex- piration of that time engaged in the saloon business and continued in that vocation two j'ears. He then sokl out and openeil a gen- eral merchandising store in partnership with Mr. Colby, under the firm name of Colby & Utterberg. After continuing in the mer- chandising industrj' for about eighteen months Mr. Utterberg sold his interest in the business to his partner, :\nd then estab- lished himself in the liquor business. He has since been engaged in tlie business, and carries a full line of goods, fine liquors, all kinds of wines and whiskies and impoi'ted cigars. He has one of the finest bai'-i'ooms in the county and is popular and well liked by all. In 1880 he took a farm of 137 acres, which he still operates, in connection with his liquor interests. His fai'm is under good cultivation and has good building improve- ments. He is a prominent citizen of his vil- lage and has held the oliices of assessor of both villages, village treasurer and deputy sherifiF. AVhile he was h(jlding the latter official position, in attempting to arrest a criminal about two miles from tlie village of Barnesville, the criminal fired upon Mr. Uttei'berg and dangerously wounded him. By the best of medical treatment he recov- ered and now carries tiie bullet which so nearly ended his life, as a watch charm. Mr. Utterberg owns considerable propert}' in the village, botii houses and lots, and is one of the leading men of the county. lie is a member of the German Lutheran church ; a member of the Indej)endent Order of r.lRK KEOIONS OF .U/A-.VESOr.-l. 379 Odd-Fellows, Colfax Lodge, No. 107, and also a member of the Order of Druids, of wliicli he is deputy grand master. Mr. Utterberg was married September 18, 1880, to Miss C-arrie Iloglund, of Buffalo, "Wright county,Minnesota. Iler parents were farmers of that locality. Mr. and Mrs. Utterberg iiave been the parents of four chil- dren — Maria Christena, deceased ; Mathilda Josephena and John Ludvig, living, and Alis Isadora, deceased. In political mattei's our subject is a democrat. f3HN O. SACKETT. Among the leading and prosperous agriculturists of the town of Maxsville, Grant county, Minnesota, is the gentleman whose name heads this article. Mr. Sackett is a native of C^onnecticut, born in Syracuse, June 12, 1848, and is a son of Charles and Sarah (Dolph) Sackett, who were natives of the same State. The father of the present subject was a millwright by trade, also a wrestler of no little note. Charles Sackett located the first railroad through Iowa, traveling through the State on foot. He operated the first pile- driver, which was used in the process of bridge-construction in that State, and for many years owned and operated a lum- ber mill in Fulton, Iowa. He died when John, our subject, was but nine years of age. John remained at home until he was about ten years of age, at which time he went to •work for farmers in the surrounding neigh- borhood. At the age of fourteen lie went to Rockford, Illinois, where he attended school for a period of two years. Leaving school he went to Iowa, and for the next four months he was employed in an office. lie next found work as traveling agent for a pump factory, and after being employed by them for two vears he went to Yernon county, "Wisconsin. He there remained, engaged in stock-raising and farming, for twelve years. In 1880 he removed to Grant county, Minnesota, and after spend- ing a year or two in looking over the coun- try, in 1882 he settled on 160 acres of land on section -1, IMaxsville township, where he has since lived, engaged in general furming and stock-raising. He now owns some 200 acres of well-improved land, with neat, com- fortable building improvements. Mr. Sackett was married to Miss Ida "White, daughter of Andrew and Jane AVliite. By this union Mr. and Mrs. Sackett have been blessed with the following chil- dren — Charles, Edison, Emma and Earle. Edison and Emma are deceased. Mr. Sack- ett is one of the prominent men of his town- ship and has held the following offices: Assessor, treasurer, and chairman of the board of supervisors. He takes an active interest in all public matters and is a repub- lican in his political affihations. -«- EV. J. O. CAVALLIN, who is the highly respected clergyman of the Swedish Lutheran church, of ]Nroorhead, Minnesota, claims attention in this connection. He is a native of the southern part of Sweden, and was born November 25, lS4i. His parents' given names were Ola and Annie, who followed farming throughout their lives, as did tlieir foreparents. The father died in ISGl. In 18()3 the motiier and only child came to America, settling at St. Peter, Minnesota, where tiie son bought a piece of land. Tlie fall in which they came the son entered the Anscari school at Carver, Minnesota, where he remained for three years. From there he went to Augustana College at Paxton, Illinois, remained there four years, and graduated m 1870. He was ordained and accepted a call from the Swed- 3So REP Ki I 'EK I '.•; / /,/• y .1 xr> ish Lutheran cliurchat Spring Garden, Good- hue count}^ Minnesota, where he served faith Tuliy until 1880. He then accepted a call fi-oni the cluirch at Moorhead. When he arrived at this charge there were only eleven members of a church, which now num- bers 140. The church edifice is situated on the corner of Sixth and William streets. Our subject has just openeil the Hope Academy of Moorliead, of which he is the president. Tliis institutit)n is under the control of the Swedish Lutheran Benevolent Society of the lied River Yalley, of whicli our subject is also jiresident. Tiie al)ovo academy is built on modern {)lans ; is steam heated, and cost about !?15,000. Our subject was mairied to Miss Sarah Paulson, of Carver, Minnesota, in 1866, she being the daughter of Hans and Bertha Paulson. IMrs. Cavallin was a teacher at Carver, Minnesota, prior to her marriage. The}' have a family of nine children — Mary L., Heyno E., Spener A., Herman L., Esther D. T., Martin Ph., Eugene F., Lillie M. and Nina L. In his political belief our subject is a repub- lican, anti is also a sti'ong advocate of tem- perance. He is a ripe scholar, an able preac-hei', and is esteemed by all as a sincere Ciiristiaii gentlenum. To his efforts more than to any other influence the city owes the establishment of the academy at Moorhead, and his untiring zeal and efforts are fully appreciated by all. -"&" y^'LLlAM HOEFLING is one of the \paL most prominent business men in Fergus Falls, Minnesota. He is engaged in the agricultural implement business, and is located on the coiner of Cascade and Michi- gan avenues. Mr. Hoefling stands at the head of the business men of i)is adopted town. He is a native of Germany, and was born in 1845. He is the son of John H. and Eosina (Reuss) Hoefling, both of whom were natives of Germany. The father was a man of considerable prominence in liis native land, and for many years, during the latter part of his life, followed the business of taking Government contracts. He was veiy successful in bis business ventures and obtained a large fortune. He served one year as a volunteer in the German army. His family numbers five living ciiilili-en — Ann M., John C, "William.. Tulia and .Tosejih, all of whom, e.xcoj)t Julia, came to America. WiUiam Hoefling, tiie subject of this sketch, received a fine education in his native land, and graduated from the gymnasium at Fuhla. In 1862 he came to America, and settled in Manitowoc county, Wisconsin, where he engaged in general work. On the breaking out of the war he was inspired with a feeling of patriotism for the land of his adoption, and enlisted in Company F, Twenty-sixth Regiment of Wisconsin Vol- unteers. He remained in the service until the close of the war. lie was a tiiorough soldier, loyal in all respects, and saw much severe service in the leading battles of the war. He was eno-aoed in the fdliowino- battles: Fredericksburg, Chancellorsviile, at which place he was severely wounded, being shot through the left leg and tlie right shoulder. So severely' wounded was he that his life was despaired of, and he lay in Lin- coln hospital, Washington, for eigiiteen months. Finally gangrene set in and he came very near losing his limb. As the result of his severe wound he has never been a sound man to this day. At Bentonville, North Carolina, his horse was killed under him, and he narrowly escaped severe injury, if not death. On the close of the war he returned to Wisconsin and took a com- mercial course in the Bryant & Stratton Business College, in Milwaukee, graduating PARK RF.CTONS OF MINNESOTA. 3Sr therefrom in 1865. Tlien for one 3'ear he engcaged as clerk in Dane count\', Wisconsin, thence he went to Chicago, where he ac- cepted a position as book-keeper in a hirge wholesale iiouse, continuing in this employ- ment until 1869. At this time thoughts of his native land took possession of his mind, and he concluded to take a trip to Germany. He carried out this plan and made a visit to his friends in that country, and in the fall returned again to America, settling in Wisconsin, and turn- ing his attention to teaching school. For three winters he taught in Buffalo county of that State and engaged in the buying and selling of grain during the summers. After these three years spent in teaching and buy- ing grain, alternately, he engaged in the wheat business for himself at Alma, Buffalo county, and also did some commission busi- ness, continuing in this line until 1883. At this time he came to Minnesota and settled in Fergus Falls, where he opened his present business. Mr. Iloetiing has given himself indefatigabl}' to the improvement and enlargement of his business, in which he possesses to-day the largest trade in this whole Northwestern countr3^ He constantly keeps on hand a complete line of agi'icultural implements. In 187-t Mr. Hoefling was married to Miss Ida Saltman of Buffalo city, Wisconsin, a daughter of Emil Saltman. Five children have blessed this union, all daughters — Elfa, Orma, JSTeoma, Wilma and Laura. In politics Mr. Hoefling has always affili- ated with the republican party, believes in its principles, and has at all times supported its mandates. He is a prominent member of the Order of United Workmen, and is a lead- ing member of the Grand Army of the Re- public. Mr. Hoefling manages his large business personally, to which is due its ex- tensive increase, and he employes from tiiree to six men contiiuuilh'. In all matters of public interest Mr. Hoefling has always proven himself worth}' of the confidence of the people, and in every way has performed his part in building up the financial and social interests of Fergus Falls and vicinity His capacity for detail and for the manage- ment of affairs is acknowledged to be par excellence. During the war, for some time — in fact from the fall of 1864 until the cessa- tion of hostilities — he occupied a position on General Slocum's staff. At that time and ever since Mr. Hoefling has been a man of prominence in a business sense, and in evei-y way and in all places in which he has lived. ..4^ JOHN C. PYATT, attorney -at- one of the leading members of his profession in Wahpeton, Richland county. North Dakota. He was born at Flemington, New Jersey, July 31, 1857, and is the son of King and Elizabeth (Laing) Pyatt. The ])arents were natives of New Jersey, and were engaged in farming in Hunterdon county, that State. King Pyatt's parents were Dr. James and Elizabeth (King) Pyatt, natives of the same State. Elizabeth King's ancestors came from Scotland to America on the Mayflower and settled at Amboy, New Jersey. King Pyatt was a man of extensive influence and was prominent in the councils of the republican party, with which he afliliated. He held the office of county collector for many 3'ears in New Jerse}^ He had a fainily of seven children, five of whom are now living — Ellen, Emma, Sarah, Albert and J. C. The subject of our sketch remained at home on the farm and at ten years of age was sent to the academy at Flemington, which school he attended until he was seven- teen, lie thencommencetl to reatl law with II. S. Kuhl, in Flemington, remaining in 382 RED RIVER VALLEY AND tliat gentlcinairs office for four years, when he Avas admit tod to the bar before the supreme court. For one year thereafter he engaged in tlio pi'actice of his profession, and at the end of that time lie strut-k out for the Great West. He engaged witli a survey- ing corps, and worlccd foreiglit moiitiis on the survey of the'Northern Tacilic Ilaih'oad frcMii Bismarck, Dakota Territory, to Helena, Mon- tana Territory. May 1, 1872, he landed in Wahpeton, Dakota, where he engaged in the law business, being the first practicing lawyer in the ]ilace. He also opened a branch office in Breckenridge, Minnesota. In 1S80 he was appointed deputy district attorney, and in 1881 clerk of the lower house of the Territorial legislature. The same year he was appointed county attorney. In 1882 lie was elected to the T^i'i'itorial legislature, serving two years. He was president of the city council during 1884-5, and at present holds the office of city attorney. In 1883 Mr. Pyatt was wedded to Miss Sarah A. Kich, of Wahpeton, and daughter of Morgan T. and Elizabeth (Fredericks) Rich. Mr. Pyatt has been a careful investor and has purchased several farms in Richland and Wilkin counties, the latter in Minnesota. In politics Mr. Pyatt is a republican and a warm defender of the principles upon which that part}' is founded. He is a man of excellent lee-al abilities and staiuls at the head of his profession in his town and county. (JASPER SAND, the well known pas- senger conductor c^n the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railroad, is one of the most active and public-spirited citizens of Crookston, and a short sketch of his career is necessary in this connection. Mr. Sand is a native of Norway, born June 30, 1851, and is the son of Hans and Olia (Anderson) Sand. He remained in the land of his birth, attending school until he had reached the age of sixteen years, when his parents brought their family to the United States with the laudable ambition of better- ing their lot in this world. The old folks, with their fourbo\^s,on landing on the shores of this I'epublic, came at once to the great and growing Northwest and settled at La Crosse, Wisconsin. Here the subject of our sketch, with iiis brothers, hired out their services to farmers in that vicinity. FuKilling their duties while in that spliere, in the fall of 1869, bv clubbing their savings, they were enabled to purchase a yoke of oxen and a wagon, and b\' the help of these came to Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, where their father had come the year ])revious and set- tled at Eagle Lake. The two elder boys took up claims close to their fathers, but Casjier was at that time too young. The country was then comparatively new, and as the boA's could find no emjiloyment they were compelled to mortgage their oxen and wagon to find money to buy their winter's bread. Early the next spring the subject of this sketch engaged the employ of the St. Paul & Pacific, now the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railroad Company, as a section hand, and remained in that capacity for about three years. In 1873 he was promoted to the position of brakeman on the Brecken- ridge division of the same road. He remained on that jiart of the Manitoba system until the raili'oad was completed to Glyndon and Fisher's Landing, when he was transferred to this ]iart of the line, and after a month or six weeks spent as brakeman here was mven charge of the train as con- ductor. At that time the train was only run every other day, spending the alternate days at the Landing. He continued to have charge of the train until the winter closed the river, when traffic was suspended. Mr. PARK RECTO KS OF M/.Y.VKS0T.4. 383 Sand then returned to the main line and resumed his old position as brakeman, in which he continued until the opening of navigation the following spring, when he a^ sentative of the homeopathic school of medicine in the city of Crookston, Min- nesota, located in that place in 1882, since which time he has been closely identified with its interests, and steadily continued in the practice of his chosen profession. As a man and a citizen he ranks high in the respect and esteem of th^ peo])le of the com- munity, and his skill and success in baffling the demons of disease and death have won him an enviable position and a large and daily growing practice. Dr. Just was born in the county of Dodge, in the State of Wisconsin, November 23, 1851, and is the son of Carl and Helen Just, natives of German}-. His boyhood and youth were passed upon the farm of his father, and the foundation of his education was laid in the common schools of the district, " those I'ough cradles of learning, to whose halcyon walls the memory of so many of our eminent men revert in fond remem- brance." At the age of seventeen he entered the State Normal School, at Mankato, Min- 388 RED Rn'ER VALLEY A XD nesota, his parents having removed to Blue Eartl) county iintl settled on a farm. Several years woi'e passed in attention to iiis stndies in tliat noljJe institution of tliis State. At the expiration of wiiicli. not having, as yet, decided njion bis future course in life, he went to Milwaulcee, Wisconsin, where he devoted some time to a course in one of the noted commercial colleges of tliat city. "VVliile tiiere, as by an inspiration, came tlie desire to become a physician, and on reflec- tion adopted tbe hoineopiithic school by conviction. Entering the Hahnemann Med- ical College, one of the noblest institutions of tiie kind in tlie country and one which confeis distinction upon its graduates, he devoted tiie sti'ictest attention to tlie studies of its curriciihini. Anatomy, sui'gery, tiier- apeutics and materia niedica, with the Organum of Hahnemann, the founder of that school of jiractice, received from the young studentatliouglitful and conscientious investigation. His graduation witli a high class diploma from that institution in 1881, after a most vigorous examination, attests his industry in study and devotion to the principles of his profession which his after- life has not contradicted. Ileturning to Blue Earth county, Minne- sota, at the conclusion of his education, and locating at Good Tiiunder, he assumed tlie charge of tiie medical practice of Dr. A. C. Weilicke. of tiiat place, and continued in his ciiosen profession there until June. 1882, when, with admirable foresight, lie came to Crookston, and opened an ottice. V'oltairc lias truly said tlia*^ a piiysician is the most iiiifortuiiate of men. as lie is expectcnl to cure men, and keep them well, when tliey violate tiie very laws of their existence every day. This is as true to-day as it was of the time he wrote, as any prac- titioner can testify, undoing the medical ])ro- fession no sinecure. J'ut witli a concientious regard for his mission. Dr. Just has bravely battled with this weakness of his fellow-man and met with great success in curing the ailments of his numerous patients. Pleas- antly affable in the sick-room, with a con- scious knowledge of the depths of his research and ability, Ik; has won for him- self a large place in the hearts of the citi- zens of Crookston and the contiguous country, and his merited success in the treat- ment of disease has bi'ought him already a lucrative i-eward for his labors, as well as a satisfaction in the rectitude of his choice of a ]irofession. Steadily devoting his entire energies to the duties of his practice, the doctor has had no time to devote to any outside business or to]K)litical preferment, but pursues the ''even tenor of his way" in the |)atli he has chosen with admirable assiduitv. i^ARRIS K. HARRISON. The subject of /'tiL this biograiihical sketch is a resident of section 25, romme De Terre township, Grant count}', Minnesota, where he ' is engaged in a general farnnng and stock- raising business. He is a native of Wisconsin, i)orn in Winchester, Winnebago county, on the 2iHhday of November, 1855, and is a son of Kittle and Helga (Langrud) Harrison, natives of Xorway. The father of our subject emigrated to the United States in 1850 and the mother in 1851. They settled in AVisconsin, where they are still residing, engaoed in farmino-. Tliev are the parents of the following-named children — Kacliel, Samuel, Ole. Kittle. Henry L., John and Harris K. The subject of this sketch received his education in Winchester, Winnebago count}-, and attended school until he was sixteen j'earsof age. From that ])eiiod until he was twenty-one he remained at home and assisted his father on the home farm. He remained PARK REGIONS OF MTNNESO TA. 389 [AWSON BELL is the proprietor of the Headquarters Hotel, Wahpeton, Ricliland county, Xortli DaUota. He is a native of West Virginia, where he was bora September 25, 1829. Mr. Ik'lTs parents were James and Mar- garet (Vasbinder) Bell, natives of New Jer- sey. The fatlier was a miller, and owned a large mill in Stark county, Ohio, where he died in 1838. Some time after the father's death the mother moved to De Kalb county, in Wisconsin inilil 1883, and on March 25th of that y(?ar left for Minnesota, settling in Grant county, \vhere he bought land on section 2."), and where he lias since made his home. His farm lies at the head of the beautiful sheet of water Lake Pomme I)e Teri'e, and comprises one hundred and si.xty acres of well cultivated land, with good building improvements. He is engaged in a general farming and stock-i'aising business and is one of the most successful farmers in the township. In addition he is engaged in the carpentering trade, stone mason's work,' etc., being a natural mechanic. In November, 187(i, Mr. Harrison was married to Miss Cornelia Johnson, and this union has been blessed with the following- named children — Hellena T., Carl J., Ilenrj^ G. and Emma A. Mrs. Harrison is a native ■ of Norwa}^ and came to the United States in 1869. Mr. Harrison has been supervisor of his townsiiip, also justice of the peace, school clerk, etc. He is one n. In pnlitics Air. Bell is a loyal republican, aiul was fornicrly an old line whig. He is a jMason and an Odd-Fellow, and is one of the leading citizens of Wahjieton. Mr. Bell is a model hotel ])roprietoi'. Every convenience of modern invention finds him a ready purchaser, if, by it, he can minister to the comforts of his numerous guests. His hotel is always full of travelers, who find a genial i landlord, a bright, cheerful hotel, and a table I loaded with the best viands the markets afford. Mr. Bell has interested himself somewhat in real estate here, and also at Fergus Falls. -•^►^ J^RED H. LAKE does an extensive busi- \P~ ness in real estate, loans and insurance at Fergus Falls, Minnesota. He is a native of North Easton, Massachusetts, anil was born in the year 1855. Mr. Lake's parents were Jeremy and Charity (Gleason) Lake, the foruu;r a native of the town of Jay, Maine, and the latter of Massachusetts. The father lived in Massa- chusetts for some time before his mari'iage, and for some years cariied on a blacksmitli- ing business, but has now retired, having accumulated a competency during his earlier years. They had a family of four children, two of whom are now living — Jennie, now Mrs. L. AV. Clniicli. of Great Bend, I'ennsvl- PARK kEGiCNS Of MINNESOTA. 391 vania and Fred H. The mother died in 1S60. The father was (iiiite a genius in iiis way, and was the inveiitoi' of a number of patents. lie is still living- at a iiale old age. Ill politics he is a republican. Jeremy's father was John Lake, and liis mother was Betsey (Johnson) Lake. Botli of these were natives of Maine. Tlie father was b\'^ occu- pation a farmer. They had a large family, nuinl)ering in all twelve children, of whom five are now living — John, Josiah, Jeren^y, Arthur, and Lizie A. The subject of our sketch remained beneath tiie parental roof, attending school until he was fifteen years of age, at which time he commenced to learn the silver[)]at- ing trade at Taunton, Massachusetts. In 1877 lie came westward, settling in Aurora, Illinois, where he worked for some time at his trade ; thence he' removed to llacine, Wisconsin, continuing to work at his trade, and remained until 1880. In this year he came to Fergus Falls, Minnesota, and ac- cepted a jiosition in the United States land office, as clerk, where he remained for eighteen months. At the end of this time, having, by his business qualifications, formed many acquaintances and opened the way for personal business relations, he established his present office, in which he has since con- tinued. He is the agent for the Minnesota Loan and Trust Company and other large loan- ing companies for this part of the State, and loans a large amount of mone\^ annually for these companies and for private parties residing in the Eastern States. He has been a careful, conservative pur- chaser of lands in this and other counties, and is at present successfully carrying on the business of several farms in Otter Tail and adjoining counties. On these farms he is eiii;aged laim'lv in raisin": wheat. Ilis busi- ness investments in the city have resulted cpiite favorably to his financial interest. He owns a number of tenement houses, and has a fine cottage on Union avenue, in which he now resides. In 1883 Mr. Lake was united in the holy bonds of matrimony to Miss Seba Brig-g's, of Alcove, New York, daughter of "William S. Briggs. Mrs. Lake is a graduate of Fort Edward Institute, Fort Edward, Kew York. They have one daughter, now four years of age, whose name is Linnfred Eusebia. In politics Mr. Lake affiliates with the republican party and takes an active inter- est in all things that pertain to its local wel- fare. He is a leading member of the Order of Knights of Pythias. Mr. Lake, in his business relations, has proven himself to be a careful, conservative man, and has gained the confidence of those with whom he has had business transactions. ^■1^-^ JOHN KYED is a member of the firm of ^ Sutton & Kyed, harness makers and manufacturers of horse furnishing goods, Alexandria. Minnesota. Mr. Kyed is a native of Denmark, and was born in 1840. His parents, John and Johanna (Back) Kyed, were natives of Denmark. The father is still living in Denmark, but the mother died in 1875. They had three children— John, Cath- erina, now Mrs. Marcusen. and Simon. The first, John, is the oiih' one of the family who lives in America. The father was a soldier in the war between Schleswig and Holstein in the j'ear 1848,1849 and 1850. He was ca{)tured by the enemy at one time and held prisoner for twenty-four hours, but was then exchanged and returned to his own army. He performed valuable service during these three years of war. The father and mother belong to the Lutheran church. John K^'ed, the subject of this sketch, lived at home serving his parents until twenty-three years of age, when he was 392 JiED KIVKK VALLEY A. \'D drafted into the regular army of Denmark under tlio administration of Frederick VII. Tiie next .year, 1864, war was declared by Prussia and Austria ngainst Denmark, and j the subject of our sketch was in the first bat- , tie fouglit at JVfesonde in Schieswig. The | army of Denmark was victoi'ious. ]\[r. Kyed was in Company !Six Heavy Artih-ry, and hekl 'the rank of corporal. On the IStii of April, 1804, ho was taken prisoner and lield in dur- . aiice foi- four montiis. This war ended in 18r>4. and during its continuance llr. K\'ed saw much severe service, being engaged in five of tlie severest l)attles. Ti-evious to ins ca])ture, of wliich we have made mention, he was undei'lieavy Ijomljardment from tlie 28th of Marcii until tiie IStli of April, wlien tlie whole fortification was captured and all the occupants, 4,000 in number, taken jirison- ers and kept in ])rison for a, period of four months. Jlr. Kyed received seven years' schooling before he entered tlie service, and at four- teen years of age commenced worlcing out for farmers, at which business he was en- gaged lietween the times of his active service in the regular army. After his service in the army he continued at farm labor until twenty -eight years of age, and in 1808 he left his native land and came to America, coming dii-ectly t(j Alexandria, Minnesota, where he commenced work for a farmer,with whom he continued for two years. In 1870 lie took a homestead in the township of Alexandria, Douglas county. This was five miles from the village of Alexandria, and the farm contained eighty acres. On this land he iiuilt a log house, 12x10 feet, did consid(!rable breaking, and continued improving it, living thereon until 18T5. He then moved into Alexandria, and woi'ked at anything lie found to do for five years. In 1880 he started a dray business with (me team of horses, following tiiis line of work for eight years, dui-ing a portion of which time he ran two teams and employed one man. The 1st of Xovember, 1888, he pur- chased a part interest in the harness business of Mr. Sutton, witli whom he formed a part- nershi]), and witli whom lie has l)een in busi- ness ever since. He owns his j)i'esent neat residence on E street. Ml'. Kyed was married in 1871 to ]\[iss Annie Matson, of Denmark, who was the daughter of Xelson ilatson. Two children have blessed this union — Jolin and Carolina. ilr. Kyed is a rejjresentative citizen and is thoroughly interested in the financial wel- fare of Alexandria. He owns an interest in the Alexandria ^Manufacturing Company. has Ijeen a member of the village council for three years, and shows an increased activity in all matters pertaining to the growth of the business interests of his' adopted town. In politics Mr. Kyed is a democrat. He i.s also a member of the I. O. (). F. and the Knights of Honor. lie ami his wife and family are members of the Lutheran church. =■''<•'''' O L. WARREN O N A N, a highly esteemed citizen of iloorhead. ^Minne- sota, who now lives a retired life, is a native of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, born .Inly 20, 1818. His parents were James ;ind Mary (Collins) Onan, natives of Ireland and Wil- mington, Delaware, resiiectivelv. The father was a boot and shoe manufacturer the first fift}' \'ears of his life, when he turned his attention to farming in Cattaraugus county. New York, where he died in IS.jS. The mother died in 1868. They had a family of eight children, four of whom are now living — Charles, John, Marcus H. and our subject, Warren, who was the eldest of the children. James, the father, served for three years in the British navy, having been ]n'essed into such service while on his way to America. He left home when he was twenty-one years old, purposing to seek a new liome for his PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 393 father's family. Jaines' father was Alex- ander, and after his son was pressed into the English ai-mv he came, with his familj', to America. He settled at Dryden. Tompkins county, Is^ew York, where lie bought a large tract of land and engaged in e.xtensive farm- inir; he srave to each of his children a large farm. His children's names were — Samuel, Alexander, Charles, John, James, Elizebeth, Marv and Sarah. James tinally deserted the army at Kio Janeiro, going back into the mountains from where his ship lay anchored, and after hiding for three months took ship for America, stopped at Key West, Florida, about a yeai", then joined his father in Tompkins count}', '^aw York, where he remained a short time, then went to Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania, where he married, when, as before stated, he engaged in boot and shoe manufacturing ; he also lived some time at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, then moved to Tompkins county, New York. Our subject, Warren Onan, was reared to farm life and attended school until he was twenty-one years of age and then began farming foi- himself in the county in which his father lived. He continued seven years upon the place he bought when eighteen 3' ears old. He then sold out and went into the lumber business on the Alleghany river, which calhnghe followed untilisoo. He then lielped raise a company of 104 men. who were taken to Washington, District of Col- umbia, and made one of the ten companies which constituted the One Hundred and Fifty- fourth New York Infantry Volunteers. After going to Washington, District of Columbia, he desig-ned returninffhome, but he found it was expected of him to remain and help "fight it out on that line." He consequently accepted the office of second-lieutenant. His regiment was taken into the Eleventh Army Corps, and after arriving at the citv of Washington our subject was detailed as brigade cpiarter- master for the? Second Division of said corps. He held this place a year, and was promoted to chief of ambulance and quartermaster of the Second Division, Eleventh Army Corps. After one year in this position, in September 1SG4, at Atlanta, Georgia, he was detailed as quartermaster and commissary of the Twen- tieth Corps hospital, which gave him the rank of colonel, which beheld until the close of the rebellion. He was wounded in Georgia and had a severe attack of typhoid fever. He saw many hard-fought fields, participating in the historic battles of Chancellorsville, Get- tj'sburg,Wauliatchie, Chattanooga, Ringgold, Dalton, Kenesaw Mountain, and tlie l)attles fought en route to Atlanta, Georgia, lie ac» companied Sherman on his famous •' march to the sea," and his — the Second Division — received the surrender at Savannah. After the war ended he came to Allegany, New York, and engaged in the oil business some three years, and was associate judge of Cat- taraugus county, New York, for four years, and justice of the peace twelve years, coroner six years, besides many offices of a local nature. While he lived in Allegany, New York, he ^rved ;on & Co., gen- eral merchants of th.at city, made him an offer of ^IT) per n)ontli salary and his board, for a yeai', and having really a desire to continue in that line of business, he a,ccepted it, and entered their store as clei'k. For six years h(> fultilled all his duties there, being gradually jiromoted from one place of honor and trust to anothei', until linally, in 1877, he was placed in charge of a branch store, which they owned at Plymouth Kock, in the same county. Six months later, having accu- mulated some capital by his industry and economy, he purchased tiie stock where he was, and entered upon a mercantile career for himself. The business being too limited in that locality, in the spring of 1880 Mr. (Tilbertson sold out and moved to Ada, a new village in Norman county, Minnnesota. but witii full ]iromise of future growth and import- ance. On his arrival in that place he ])ur- eliased a lot and ]mt up a suitable building in wliicli to carry on business, which now forms part of his present store, and |)lacing PARK REGION.^ OF MINNESOTA. 395 therein a new stock, opened business. Ilei'e lie lias been ever since, and the only mer- chant of that time still resident in the place. He carries a full line of dry goods, ready- made clothino-, boots, shoes, groceries and all the various articles that go to make up what is known as a general stock, and is doing the largest trade in that line in Ada. Coming to America with no capital but a stout heart, a jKiir (jf willing hands and a strong determination to succeed in life, Mr. Gilbei-tson can feel justly proud of the result of his own efforts, which have raised him from ])overt3' ^*^ comparative aflluence, and a ])osition among the heaviest merchants of Ada. While devoted to his business Mr. Gilbert- .son has not neglected his duties as a citizen, or failed to take an interest in public affairs. In the fall of 1881 he took a prominent part in the division of Polk county, and in the organization of Norman county, although having no aspirations. When the village was incorporated in February of the same year, he was elected one of the first council. In his religious views he is a Lutheran, as most of his counti-ymen are, and was one of the original members that organized the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran church of Ada. Mr. Gilbertson was united in marriage January 7. 1882, with Miss Alice H. Aaker, a native of Norway, anil the daughter of Hans O. and Rachael Aakei-, of AVinneshiek county. Iowa. -«"i »-^» [OHN OHLSSON, ii prominent member of the farming community of the famous Park Kegions of Minnesota, is a resident of section 18, Maxsville township, Grant county Minnesota. lie is a native of Sweden, born in Lund on the loth day of March, 1833, and is a son of Oluf :iiul Kjerstin (Anders Datter) Jonson, natives also of Sweden. The father and mother of our subject spent their lives in their native land, the father dying in the city of Lund in 1851. They were the parents of three children whose names were — Andrew. Elne, and John, the subject of this biographical sketch. John Ohlsson attended scliool in the city of his bii'th until he was eleven years of age. From this j)erio(l of his life until he had reached twenty-one he was in attendance at the excellent schools of Malmo, in his native kingdom. While there he studied navigation for two years, and upon his leav- ino- school he followed a sea-faring life. In 1862 he took charge of an inland steamboat in the northern part of Sweden, and after eight years of this employment emigrated to the United States. After landing on Amer- ica's shores he went to Minneapolis, Min- nesota, where he remained fourteen months, in charge of a boarding-house. In 1871 he moved to Grant county, Minnesota, and located in Maxsville township, where he homesteaded 16U acres of land on section 18. He at once commenced to make iiiqirove- ments u]>on his place, setting out trees and cultivating his land. Since that time Mr. Ohlsson has added to his place until he now owns 270 acres of well-tilled land with the best of building improvements. He tievotes his attention to general farming and stock- raising. In connection with his farm he operates a flouring- mi 11 by wind power, and the two industries have placed him in the most desirable circumstances. Mr. Ohlsson was united in marriage August 2, 1859, to Miss Johanna Hall, a native of Southern Sweden, and now the mother of three children— Olaf, Gustaf W. and Christena. Olaf is fireman on the St. Paul Division of the Manitoba Eailroad. Mr, Ohlsson has held many offices in his town and county. He has held numy local positions, such as justice of the peace, 396 RIP KIVKR VALLEY AND assessor, etc., and was register of deeds for two years, and county auditor tor a period of six 3'ears. In ])olitical matters he affiliates with the republican party. He is one of tiie representative men of his town and county, ever taking a deep interest in all public and educational matters. Mr. Ohls.son is a citizen of the utmost lionor and integrity, higiih' esteemed by all who bear liis ac(|Uaintance. Fames B. BLANCHARD, who now lives a retired life at .Mooriiead. ^[innesoia, forms tlie subject of this jiersonal sketch. His birthi>lace was Dexter. ]V[ain(;, and the date of tiiat event was February ">, 1821. His parents w'ere James and Susan (John- ston) Tiianchard, natives of ^faine, also. The father was a farmer, f and his family pushed on toward the goal, laboring on his farm, gradually raising themselves in the world and sur- rounding themselves with comforts imtil Januaiy. 1887. when he removed to Crooks- ton. His original farm, which by industry and hard work he has increased to 360 acres, and upon which he has a neat and tasty modern residence and comfortable outbuild- ings, he still retains and carries on. Mr. Paulsrud has been identified with the official life of the county to a gratifying de- gree since coming here. In 1875 he was first elected treasurer of the town of Hubbard, and held that ])osition for three years. At the ex])ii'atK)n of that period he was elected chairman of the town board, the township then embracing all tiie territory now known as Hubbard and N'ineland, and when the lat- ter was set off and organized, in 1882, still re- tained that office in the former, which he did until 18S5, when he was honored with the postion of justice of the peace in and for that town. In tiie fall of 1886, having met with the favor of tlie ])eople f)f the county, who adniii'ing his uprigiit inde|)endence of spii'it, so characteristic of his race, he was elected to the ])()st of sheriff of tiie countv, and was nominatetl and electeil his own suc- cessor in 1888. Always identified with the republican party, Mr. Paulsrud has always been a consistent supporter of the principles of that organization, and in the discharge of the duties devolving upon him in his office has tempered justice with lenitmcy and mercy. As a man and a citizen he stands de- servedly high in the estimation of the peo])le of the county, and is regarded as one of the leading men in the community. Mr. Paulsrud was united in marriage, in Norway, January 10. 1868, witii Miss Petsey Amundson, a native of that kingdom, and is the parent of the following children — • Olaf Albert, Ennna C. Gina Bertha, John AiTit, Edwin Jidius and Xiciiohiv I'eriuird. «^^ examining the ^IVEN JORGENS. In '^^' biographies of many of the jn-omi- nent memijers of the farming community of Grant county, Minnesota, it will be noticed that the ?sorwegian race furnishes many of the most industrious, thrifty and frugal citizens of this section of the State. The subject of this biographical memoir is a native of Norway, born on the 18th of March, 1858, and is a son of Jorgen Svenson and Aslong (Thovsen), whose biography a]i]iears in another jiart of this Alhum. Mr. .lorgens spent his younger days in the land of his birth in attending the common schools of that land. At the age of twelve years became with his parents to the United States, and. after landing, moved at once to Red Wing, Goodhue county. PARK REG [OX S OF MlXh'ESOTA. 407 Minnesota, and attended school for anumber of yeai's. lie then removed to Grant county, Minnesota, whei'e he completed his education at the age of twenty-one years. During tin's time he had worked out a good deal and nuxde his own way and depended largely on his own efforts. lie now owns a beautiful farm of 2-10 ucres in Pomme I)e Terre township, on section 31, where he is engaged in general faruiingand stock-raising. He has a well-improved farm with neat and commodious buildings. He is one of the successful and ]ir()minent farmers of Pomme De Terre township and is highly esteemed by all who bear his acquaintance. Mr. Jorgens was united in marriage in 1880 to Mrs. Olson, a native of Norway and the widow of Kittle Olson. Her former name was Miss Eashild Amundson and she was married to her first husl)and in 1878. They came to the United States and settled in Becker county, Minnesota, where he died. After his death she removed to Grant county, Minnesota, met our subject and was soon after married to him. She ]mssed away from the scenes of earth and to her reward March 5, 1887, leaving a large circle of friends, her bereaved husband and the following-named children to mourn her loss — Samuel, Alice, Clara, Jorgen and Eashild. Our subject, with his family, belongs to the Lutheran church and is an active sympa- thizer of the same. He is a member of the republican club in Elbow Lake, Grant county, and takes an active interest in all local affairs. NTON MIKSCHE is one of the leading j£-^S^ business men of AVahpeton, Richland county, North Dakota, and has a large trade in the genera! merciiandise line. He is a native of Austi-ia. where he was born July 10, 1839. Mr. Miksche's parents were Anton and Mary (Penjen) Miksche, both natives of Aus- tria. The father was a leather merchant and contractor for Government bridges through- out the province in which he lived. The father died in 1860 ; the mother is still living and a resident of Austria. The}' had a famil \' of live children, three of wliom are now liv- ing — Anton, Mary and Leo. The subject of our sketch spent his younger days in school in his native country, and when seventeen commenced to learn the leatlier business, remaining away from home for a period of three years. At the end of that time he engaged in the manufacture of leather, in which business he continued until 1867, when he emigrated to America, settling- first in Chicago, Illinois. He went to work for the Chicago & Northwestern Railway Company, at $1.75 per day, and followed this emploj'ment for several months, until he had saved $150. He then purchased an out- fit of Yankee notions, and peddled them through Illinois until 1868, when he came to St. Paul, Minnesota, and continued peddling untilJanuai-y 1, 1869. He then purchased a house and forty acres of land at St. Martin, Stearns countv, Minnesota, and eno-aged in the mercantile business, starting in with a capital of $200. He ran this business for about eighteen months and then sold out,real- izingabout $2,000. At this time he removed to Elizabeth, Otter Tail count}', Minnesota, where he purchased a store and stock of goods for $3,000. Within a few days after this trade was consummated the grasshoppers came in swarms and settled all over the country. Hard times came apace and in three years Mr. Miksche had lost all his hard-earned means and was in debt over $5,000. He continued the business, however, and better times came at last, and those he had helped during the grasshopper raids returned the favors and he got on his feet ag;iin. In 1877 he opened a branch store at Manson, Min- 4o8 RED KIVKK VALLEY . I XD nesota. but this was not a success, so he returned to Wahpeton, North Dakota, in 187S, and liis partner's son conducted tlie business. In 1S82 Mr. ^liksclie moved his family to the last named town where he has since resided. Again ill fortune ciinie uj)on him in the shape of the loss of a young .son, Anton, two years old — the child was drowned in a bari'cl of water. During the ne.xt year he lost three children by diphtheria — Marcus, Sophia and Matilda, and three other children were dangerously sick. In lSS4his daughter Annie died under painful circumstances. His daughter Mary was to be married and the wedding day dawned. The invited guests arrived and everything went merry as a marriage bell, when, suddenly, the daughter Annie was taken sick and died the same night. There was a funeral instead of a marriage, and the wedding tlid jiot take place till a month later. The lines, in this regard, have fallen in many bitter places for Mr. Miksche. On moving to "Wahpeton Mr. Miksche at once took charge of his business, and has met with unbounded success. He built the second store in the village, and has built sev- eral other buildings. He is a large land- holder and owns thirteen hundred acres of land in the count}'. He has improved his land with good houses and barns, and has two farms, on each of which there are five acres of timber, planted by his own hands. He is an extensive horse and cattle grower and has some fine blooded stock — Hamble- tonian and Ked Clvde horses, and Durham and Jersey cattle. In his business lines he has been very successful, and some years has taken in as high as ^40,000. In 1S61 Ml'. Miksche was married to Miss Mary Foks, of Au.stria. Three liv- ing children are in the family — Frank, Leo and Mary. Frank was married in 18S4 to Paulina Mai'sh, by whom he has one son — Anton. ]\Iary mariied Matheias Kre- ker by whom she has had two children — Matheias and Marcus. Leo is with his father as his l)ook-keeper and buyer. Mr. Mdische is one of the foremost citi- zens and has always been one of the moving s|)irits in town and county matters. Being eminently successful in the management of his own finances, his advice and counsel is sought by his friends, who have honored him with many positions of trust and responsi- bility. In Minnesota he was postmaster for twelve years ; has been a member of the citv' council since its organization and was elected president of the same in 18SS, besides holding many other minor offices. He has been president of the St. John's Society. In politics Jfr. ]\[iksche is a democrat and, with his wife and children, belongs to the Catholic church. He is at the head of the mercantile business at Wahpeton and as a progressive citizen has no peer. -«•- ««►► /^HARLES L. LEWIS is at present the ^^^y* county attorney of Otter Tail county, Minnesota, with headquarters at Fergus Falls, the county seat of said county. ]\[r. Lewis is a native of Ottawa, Illinois, and was born on the 8th of March, 1852. He is the son of Hon. Samuel K. and Ann (Har- ley) Lewis who were natives of Pennsyl- vania. Samuel K. Lewis came to Illinois when fourteen years of age with his parents, who were Jehu and Rachel Lewis, both of whom were natives of Pennsylvania. He was a farmer by occupation, and on coming to Ill- inois settled in Putnam county. He had a family of three children — Joseph, Elizabeth and Samuel R. Jehu Lewis, the grandfather of the subject of our sketch, died in Putnam county, Illinois. The grandmother died in Ottawa, La Salle county, of that State. The Lewis family is of Welsh and Englisii PAKK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 409 descent. Hon. Samuel R. Lewis was reared on a farm in his early life, and has followed that occupation ever since. He is now located at Ottawa, Illinois. He is an extensive farmer, and deals largely in blooded stocli, principally horses. From 1856 to 1860 he held the office of treasurer of La Salle county, and from 1879 to 1883 was State senator. He had four sons — William II., a farmer living in La Salle county, Illinois; Edward C, early in life a lawyer, but for the last ten years engaged in raising blooded stock, horses and cattle ; Charles L. and Samuel ]\[., a farmer who runs the home farm. The father's family being in good circumstances, the children were all well educated. The father is still living, is a republican in politics, and is one of the prom- inent men in that party in the State of Illi- nois. Charles L. Lewis, the subject of our sketch, remained under the parental I'oof until he was eighteen years of age. Up to this time he hatl attended school during the wintei'sand worked upon the farm during the summer months. On reaching the age of eighteen he attended the high school at Ottawa, Illi- nois, for one year, after which he spent four years in the University of Chicago, then two yeare at Oberlin College in Ohio, from which institution he graduated in 1876. He then spent one year at home on the farm, after which he read law in the office of Judge Charles B. Lawrence, of Chicago, continuing his reading through the years 1878 and 1879. In 1879 he was admitted to the bar in Chicago, and in the fall of that year moved to Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, where he tried his first case in a justice's court. During the year 1882 he was associated with M. R. Tyler. This partnership was dissolved in 1883. Mr. Lewis has followed his j)rofession with good results throughout his entire career in Fer- gus Fails. In 1880 he was elected clerk of the school board, which position he held for three years. He was elected county attorney in 188-1 and re-elected in 1886,beingtliepresent incumbent of that office. He is one of the stockholders and a director in the Otter Tail Flouring Mill; is president of the Fergus Falls Electric Light and Power Company. He has made numerous investments in real estate in the city and county, owning several valuable farms and considerable village property. Mr. Lewis has always been a stanch republican, was a delegate to the Chicago (ionvention in 1888, aniu'ed the practice of his profession on Lake Super- ior, in Ontonagon county and soon after- wai'd removed to Keweenaw county where he remained until 1869. During this time he held the position of mining surgeon for several copper mines. In 1869 he came to Doufdas countv. Minnesota, settlintj at Alex- andria, where he has since been engaged in active practice. Tiie Doctor belongs to the Minnesota State Medical Society and is also a member of the American Meilical Associa- tion. In the government of the county he has held several positions of trust. He was coroner and county physician for some ten years, anil in the first few years of his resi- dence here was overseer of the poor ; and for fifteen or sixteen years was United States examining surgeon for pensions. He was also employed by the Manitoba liailroad C()m])any as theii- physician and surgeon, having held that position while the road was liuilding and ever since. Di'.A'ivian is known all over Douglas and the adjacent counties, and his professional trips have extended for a radius of over fifty miles from Alexandria. This applies more especially to an early day when such trips were generally difficult ami sometimes dangerous. He has purcliased land and improved it, and set out the first ami only vineyard in this vicinity. He built and owns his office ojiposite the Letson House, and also a modest residence on Eighth avenue and D street. Dr. Vivian was nuirrietl in 1861 to Miss Clara E. Merry weather, of Lake Superior, Michigan. They have five children living — the eldest Frederick G., being one of the editors of tlie Alexandria Pasf ,■ ]\[arguer- ite C, Mary C, Ellen A. and Clara A. Dr. Vivian holds the office of ])ostmaster of Alexandria, and is a memi)or of the Min- nesota State board of coirections and chari- ties. He was first appointed to the latter position by Governor Hubbard and re-aj)- pointed by Governor Mc(Till. lie is a mem- ber of the Episcopal church. PARK REGION'S OF MIiVNESOTA. 411 Tn politics the Doctor has been and is now a democrat, liberal in all things and free from partisan bigotiy. He has many friends among the republicans, as shown by the "rami test — votes — liaviny obtained laroe majorities in towns almost entirely T'epulj- lican. -«" WILLIAM W. CAMPBELL. A good citizen is not only he that is obedi- ent to the laws, discharges his elective fran- ciiise and adds to his own material fortune, but rather he that helps build up the com- munity in which he lives, seeking the welfare of his fellow-men, and ever ready with purse or personal endeavor to advance the interest of the town or village, where he makes his home. In this sense of the word, perhaps, there is no one in the village of xVda that has earned tiie title of one of its best citizens, more than has the gentleman whose name heads this memoir. Mr. Campbell is a native of Cattaraugus county. New York, born February 22, 1S.32, and is the son of James and Maria (Jacpies) Campbell. At tiie early age of thirteen he was left an or]ihan. Three years later, in company with his brotiiei', James V., the two being the only ones left of a family of eight children, he started for Wisconsin, and on reaching tliat State, took up claims in Port- age county. That section of country, then a part of the vast wilderness of the North- west, had been but a short time before an Indian reservation, but had been bought by the Government. The land liad not been ojiened for settlers, and but a small part of it was. as yet, surveyed. On the piece of land (in which ho had settled, Mr Campbell opened up a farm, and there made his home until ^^(A■ember, LSt!!, when, tired with a hoi}' patriotism and a lofty desire to defend the principals of the republican form of govern- ment, he left his wife and family and all the ties of home, to enroll himself among the heroic " boys in blue " that sprang to the defense of country and flag. Enlisting in Company E, Eighteenth Wisconsin Infanti'v,' he was mustered into the United States ser- vice in the early part of 18f)2, at IMilwaukee, and remained with tiie regiment in that city until March 30, when tiie command was ordered to St. Louis, wiiere they expected to go into camp and tli'ill in the manual of arms, they having, as yet, no experience in that respect. On their arrival in that city, how- ever, their officers, being afraid that the reg- iment would not receive their share of the glories of the war, reported the command as ready for duty, and they wei'e at once for- warded to the front, arriving at Pittsburg Landing on the afternoon of April 4th. After unloading their equipage they moved a few miles from the Tennessee river and went into camp, having no suspicion of an attack from the enemv. Durino- the nig-ht the rebels formed their line of I>attie in front of the unsuspecting federals, and before day- break, attacked the sleeping cam])s. Then followed the sanguinary conflict, known to histor}' as that of Shiloh or Pittsburg Land- ing, the annals of which have been most fully written. During that direful and bloody day, Mr. Campbell, who Avas color bearer, and in the first charge of the rebels the entire color-guard, eight men, were shot down except himself, so starting with the colors to the rear he soon found himself sur- rounded by his comrades, who had been compelled to fall back. The regiment passed through that awful baptism of fire, being in the battle all day, and as night was about falling, after having lost their colonel and most of the field staflf and line officers, in one fierce charge tlie rebels swept off some 2,200 prisoners, among whom were about 250 of the Eighteenth Wisconsin. Mr. Campbell was one of the 412 KEIi klVKR VALLEY AND unluck}' ones, and with his fellow prisoners was inarched to the rear of tlie rebel lines, and were camped that night in a pl(.)wed iii'ld, with notiiing to eat. Just a week since they had left tiie (piiet North. The follow- ing morning they wei'e marched through the mud and rain to Corinth, and there loaded into ho.x cars so thick that they could scarcely move, and could not sit down, and taken to Memphis. On their arrival in that ])lace, on the 8th, they were ])laced in an old stone warehouse, but were not given any- thing to eat, notwithstanding the fact that they had been without food since the 5th. On the next morning, after being furnished with some crackers and raw corn meal they they were again placed on the cars and taken to Mobile, and from that point to Tuscaloosa, on barges, arriving at the latter jilace on the 16th. There some 400 j)risonei-s were put into close confinement in an old paper mill, without blankets and with notiiing to eat e.\ce])t corn bread and putrid mule meat- They were under the charge of the afterward notorious Captain Wirz, who was tried and hung at the close of the war for cruelty to prisoners at Andersonville, and who gave orders to the guards to shoot any prisoner who put his head out of the window. Here the unhappy men were compelled to stay for six weeks, enduring many hardships and privations, under which many of them sunk into untimely graves. The\' were then sent to Montgomery, Alabama, but three weeks later were taken to IMacon, Georgia, where Mr. Campbell was kept in confinement until October 9th. While there he employed his time in making rings and trinkets from bones, Avhich, finding a ready sale among their guards, procured provisions of a better (jualily, and delicacies for his sick comrades. During their incarceration in that place some 250 of their number died, succumbing to the heartless treatmentof their inhuman captors. After suffering untold hardships, on the 17th of October Mr. Cami>bell was taken to Rich- mond. Virginia, and exchanged, and on his arrival in Washington was forwarded to St. Louis in the latter ])art of December. Pro- curing a furlough of thirty days, he went home to recuperate, antl on tiie expiration of his leave rejoined his regiment at Lake I'rovidence. Louisiana. He remained in that locality until :\[arch31, 18G3, and from then until the middle of May the command was on the move up and down the river in the neighborhood of Yicksburg. (doming on the rebel forces near tlie city of Jackson, they chased them through the streets of that place, capturing some artillery and small arms, and went into camp in tliat city. On the 15th of ]\Iarch he par- ticipated in the battle of Champion Hill, where some twenty-five of his regiment bit the dust, but took a number of guns and 1,500 prisoners. The command to which our subject belonged lay for forty-eight days in front of A^icksburg, so close to the rebel works that their sharpshooters could hit the gunners when the latter attempted to load their pieces. On the 4th of J iily he took part in the ceremonies attending the surrender of A^icksburg, being one of those on duty that day, guarding prisoners, etc. Eeing a prey to rheumatism, our subject remained at Vicksburg until September 27tli, when, with the regiment, he went to Memphis and.tiiere went into camp. On the 17th of October they were again ))iit on the march and continued in active duty until winter. During this time he participated in the battle of Mission Ridge and Lookout Mountain. His regiment led the charge, crossing the Tennessee on pontoon boats, and in the charge on Mission Ridge. During the winter ilr. Campbell served as one of the provost guard at Huntsville, I Alabama. In the spring of 1864, he vet- ; eranized and marched with Sherman throughout the campaign that ended at PARK- REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 413 Altoona Pass, Georgia, participating iu all the engagements that marked its course. Three companies — D, E and F — were left to guard the railroad bridges, but while here Mr. Campbell, with the whole attachment, Avas again captured b}'^ the rebels, under Hood, and sent to the prison-pen at Ander- sonville. On his arrival at that point, in company with some of the Andersonville prisoners and all of the new ones, he was taken to Millen, Geoi-gia, and there incar- cerated for sevei'al months. As some of the sick pi'isoners were about to Ije paroled, the examining physician informed Mr. Campl)ell that he would ]iass several others as nui'ses if they would ])ay him $50 apiece, and, hav- ing secreted his money, he paid it over cheerfully and was transported to Annapolis, Maryland, under parole. After a furlough of thirty days the subject of this sketch joined his regiment at Gains- boro, South Carolina, on the 3d of April, 1865, being the only representative of Com- pany E in the regiment. At the close of the war, and after participating in the grand review at Washington, Mr. Campbell was honorably discharged in August, 1865, and went to Brown county, Illinois, where his family were then living, and with them returned to his old home. Purchasing some property in the village of Plovei', he lived there for a few years, and then exchanged for a farm, where lie carried on agi'iculture until 1874, where his wife died, after whicli, after spending a year in the village, at tiie soUcitation of friemis, he returned to the Empire State, Avhere he made his home until 1878. AVhile there hisj eldest tlaughter was married, and leaving his other cliildren with her he started for the West, coming to Ada, Minnesota, where he settled. He had im- paired his health in the service and during his double imprisonment, and being much incapacitated for work for some time, he was. financially, in bad shape. Arriving in Ada, February, 1879, he soon took up a claim within two miles of the village, put up •a log cai)in, and made such improvements as he could, and then hired out in the town at whatever work he could find to do. That fall he started a small restaurant, with a capital of $27.50, which he had borrowed, on the site of Thompson's billiard hall. This venture proved an amazing success, and by Christmas he returned to New York and brought on his children. He continued in the restaurant business until the fall of 1881, when he was appointed agent for the St. Paul I't Pacific liailroad Company's lands, and devoted his attention to them for the next four years. He invested quite largely in village property, putting up good, service- able buildings to rent to such as could not bu}', in which to do business, drawing a number of merchants to this place, and selling lots at a low figure to induce settlers. He has ever striven to increase tiie town's advantages, and takes a front rank among its active and public-spirited citizens. He has met with but one serious loss, a livery barn and his own three horses, but has generally succeeded well in a monetary point of view, and is ranked among the well- to-do members of tlie community. Mr. Campbell was marrietl in 1854, to Miss Mary Squire, of Frankenfield, Catta- raugus county. New York, who died, leaving three children. Our subject is an active and ]ironiinent memljer of the Grand Army of the Republic, of Ada. BANIEL W. KREIDLER. Among the prosperous a rul intluential members of the farming community of the Park Regions is the gentleman whose name heads this article, a resident of section 12, Maxsville township. Grant county, Minnesota. He is a native of Pennsylvania, 414 KF.li KTTF.k VAl LEY A X D born in Butler county, December 25, 1842. and is tiie son of Daniel and Susannali (Mc- Colloug'li) Kreidler, also iiativ(!S of Pennsyl- vania. The mother died in that State in 1854, and in 1850 the father moved to Wis- consin where he remained one year, then removing to Stillwater, Washington county, Minnesota. In 1858 he settled in llockford townshij), Wright county, Minnesota. The father died in August, 1873. They w6re in Wright county all through the terrible Indian outbreak of 18t)2-()3. Twice they were driven off the fai-m by the Indians. Once the father took the family to Minne- apolis, and at another time to llockford, leavin": everything until the scare w.as over. Tiie parents had a family of the following childi-en — John, Maria, Samuel, Mary A., Daniel W., (ieorge, David C, and Joseph. Anna, John and Maria are dead. Daniel W. Kreidler, the subject of this l)iography, spent his school days ])rincipally in Stillwater, leaving the school-room at the age of seventeen. From this period until he hail reached the age of twenty-one he helped his father on the home farm. On the 22d of August, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, Eighth Minnesota Infantrv, Twentv-eiffhth Army Corps, serving until July, 18(55, when ho was honorably discharged at St. Paul, Minnesota. He was under Captain lleartly and afterward under the command of Captain Brookings. He was with General Sully on his expedition across the plains, battling with Indians. He was in the battle of Cedai', which lasted sixteen or eighteen days, and in various battles and skirmishes in North Carolina. After his discharge Mr. Kreid !er settled in Wi'ight county, Minnesota, where he engaged in farming until 1880, when he moved to Grant county, Minnesota. He pre-empted a tract of land comprising IGO acres, on section 12, Maxsville township, and has since resided upon it, engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Mr. Kreidler was married on the 21st of August, 1807, to Mrs. Bounds, fornieily the wife of Jerome Bounds, deceased. By her first husbaiul Mrs. Kreidler had two children — Charles and Anna. The fruits of the sec- ] ond marriage have been the following-named children — Frank, Luna B., Adelbert, David D., Iva W., Delia I., and Kittle M. ]\[r. Kreidler is one of the I'epi'esentative men of his townsliip and is an active worker in all public enterprises, whereby his town or coun- ty may receive benefit. He is a man of the utmost honor and integrity and his word is as good as a bond. In political matters he allil- iates with the republican ]mrty and takes an active part in all that ])arty's campaigns. jLE E. FLATEN, one of the nio.-it ■'"-' prominent business men, and the lead- ing photogra])her at IMoorhead, IVfinnesota, is a native of Norway, born Novendjcr 0, 1854. His parents were Erick and Mary (Gilbertson)Oleson. also natives of Norway. The father was a farmer and still i-esides in the old country. Their family had ten chil- dren, nine of whom are still living. Eight of the number are in America — Jannie, Ole E., Gilbert, Erick, George, Ove, Ole B. and Annie. The other two children are named Mary and John. The i)arents are devout members of the Lutheran church, and edu- cated the children in a fair manner in Norway. Our subject, Ole E., was rearetl to farm labor in Norway, remaining at honu' until fifteen years of age. The next three years he worked for himself away from home on a farm. When the three years Avere u]) he came to America, settling first in Goodhue county, Minnesota, arriving in 1872. The next six years of his life were spent oil and on at farm work in that county. He went to Northtield to learn the art of photograph- PARK h'PAUONS OF Mj.MVASOTA, 415 ing, and in 1878 went to Minneapolis to finish ills study in tliat profession. He remained there for ten montlis, and in 1879 came to Moorhead, Minnesota, in the interest of his preceptor, John Oleson, and started a photographic gallery, wliere he is now located. He operated the business on per- centage for seven montiis, then formed a partnership with J. L. Skrevseth and ])ur- chased John Oleson's interest in the lousiness. This firm lasted about two years, and tlien the business all came into the hands of our subject. The art gallery is on the corner of Fourth and Front sti'eets, and is 30x70 feet, two stories high, equipped with all the latest modern improvements for doing first-class work in all branches. He has a large busi- ness, many coming over from the city of Fargo to get work executed at this gallery. He has made a financial success of his busi- ness, as is evinced by the property he now owns. He built a fine residence on lots adjoining his gallery in 1881. Mr. Flaten was married in 1885 to Miss Clara Schow, a native of Norway and the daughter of Martin Schow. This union has been blessed by two children — Emil L. and Mamie D. In politics oni- sul)ject is a democrat. He belongs to tiieOdd-Fellows Order, and is one of Moorhead's most popular, thorough-going men. Mr. Packard remained at home attendine: school until he was fifteen vears of a^-e. At that period in life, he was thrown upon his own resources, and for tliree vears worked out among the farmei's during the summer and attended school in the winter. He then secured a position in a general store as clei'k and worked at that until 1883. In the spring of 1883 he removed to the lied t River Eegion and located at Fargo, Dakota Territory, wiiere he made threshing his busi- ness until 1884. In 1884 he took charge of the elevator at Larimore, Dakota Territory, where lie remained one year. In 1885 Mr. Packard removed to Barnesville, Clay county, Minnesota, where he has since remained in the employ of the, Minnesota and jSTorthern Elevator Company. In addi- tion to his business in the elevator, he deals in wood and coal, owning the only "coal market" in the villaee. Mr. Packard was married on the 29th of December, 1886, to Miss Maggie Clone, a native of New York, and the ilaugliter of John and Kate Clone. Mr. Packard, since his residence here, has taken an active intei'- est in all matters of a local nature, and is an active business man of the village. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity of Barnes- ville, having joined the Pierson Lodge A. F. & A. M., in 1885. Mr. Packard affiliates with the repul)lican party and is one of the rising young business men of Clay county. F. PACKARD. Prominent among the business men of the Red River Valley and Park Regions of Minnesota, is the gentleman whose name heads this arti- cle,the agent for the Minneapolis and North- ern Elevator Company, at Barnesville, Clay county, Minnesota. He is a native of Iowa, born in Frankville, Winnesheik county, on the 1st of February, 1860, and is the son of Lafayette and Amelia (Doty) Packard, natives of New York. -«- ^-»- j^. NUTE O. HARRIS is the manager and P.2L treasurer of the Otter Tail Flour Mills, located at Fergus Falls, Minnesota. He is a native of Norway, and was born June 15, 1836. Mr. Harris is the son of Ole L. and Caro- line (Thompson) Harris, natives of Norway. Throughout his life the father engaged in farming, leaving the old country in 1850, lie 4i6 JiF.n KIVER VALLEY AXh came to America and settled in Dane county, Wisconsin. In 1854 he removed to Adams county, in the same State, where he settled upon eighty acres of Government land. He died in 1860; the motlier died in 1862. They had a family of ten children, five sons and live daughters; only four of the children are now living —Thcmas O., now in lied wood county, ]\Iinnesota; Esther, now Mrs. AVilliam Oleson. of Red AVing, Minnesota ; Martlui, now Mrs. Lee, of Colum- bia county, Wisconsin ; and Knute O., whose name appears at the head of this article. The subject of our sketch was i-eared on the home farm, receiving a comi)aratively good education in his native county, Nor. wav. He came with his parents to Amei"- ica' in 1850, and the tirst employment he eno-aged at here was to work with a thresh- ino- machine crew at 25 cents a day. He continued to work at farming for about seven years, after whicii he went to work in the pineries on the Wisconsin riverj which lines he followed for four years. During this time he had laid up consider- able money and he now purchased an inter- est in a flouring mill at Arkdale, Wiscon- sin. After remaining four years in this busi- ness he sold out and turned his attention to speculating in beef, pork and other articles, and in 1871 came to Fergus Falls, Minne- sota. Here he opened a flour and feed busi- ness, and m connection therewith ])urc]iased furs and hides. Afterward, with George E. Hammer as partner, he engaged in the hard- ware business for a period of eight years. He then sold his interest in the hardware business and engaged in handling machinery, principally for the Piano ^Machinery Com- pany. He continued in this line until 1886, and in 1887 accepted his present position. He has been very fortunate in his real estate investments in the town and vicinity; owns some land, and is engaged in raising horses. He owns several fine houses and lots in the city of Fergus Falls. Mr. Harris was married in 1863, on tiie 23d of November, to Miss J5erta Johnson, a native of Norway, [daughter of John and Susanna (Peterson) Johnson. This union has been blessed with seven children — Ole J.. Charles S., Selena S., Alfred, who died in Wisconsin; Alfred, Eugeiu' and Pertrani. Ml'. Harris is a man of business qualities, and has been honored in vai'iousways by bis fellow townsmen. He has been a member of the city council, and is at present receiver of the United States land office at Fergus Falls. He built a line residence on Union avenue in 1SS3, in which he has placed all modern improvements, fitting up his grounds with ornamental trees, making a beautiful and commodious home. In politics he affil- iates with the democratic pai'ty. He with his wife and children are members of the Lutheran cliurch. Mr. Harris is connected in a business way with many financial enter- prises in Fergus Falls, and in everj' way has pi'oven himself a valuable and im]iortant factor in the business improvement of Fergus Falls and vicinitv. -^fS^-«&- IbSEPH W. BLANDING, county surveyor ^ of Richland county, North Dakota, is also an attornej'-at-law, with headquarters at Wahjieton, the county seat. He is a native of Susquehanna count}-, Pennsylvania, where he was born March 10, 1819. ' His parents were Joseph and Elizabeth (Moxley) Pland- ing. The ])arents were natives of Connecticut, where the father was engaged in tilling the soil. He died when about thirty yeais old. His father was Jose])li Blanding, a native of Massachusetts and a farmer by occupation. He was a soldier in the Eevolutionary War and was of French descent. The parents of PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 417 our subject had but two children, himself and James, now dead. The mother was the daii<;liter of Jonathan Moxley, a native of Connecticut. He was a ship carpenter by trade and served in the Revolutionary War. He was a member of wliat is sometimes called the Ilard-Sliell Baptist church. The subject of our sketch was reared on the home farm and received his education at the Franldin Institute at Hartford, Pennsyl- vania. When seventeen years of age he commenced teaching school and made that his chief occupation for ten 3'ears. He then came West and settled in Lancaster, Grant county, Wisconsin, where he was a sur- veyor for several years for the Gov- ernment, anil for ten years held the office of clerk of the court. He occu- pied a prominent j'lfice in the affairs of that town and county, and held the posi- tion of justice of the peace for some time, as well as being president of the village council for several years. He was also county surveyor, and was engaged somewhat in land speculation. In May, 1872, Mr. Blanding came to Ilicliland county, Dakota, and at that time there were but three or four persons living in the vicinity of where Wahpeton now stands. He purchased 800 acres of land of theNortliern Pacific Railway Company, now joining the city limits. He at once commenced making improvements on his farm, built a house tlie same year, and broke up fifty acres of land. He has now between 300 and 400 acres under cultivation, and has good, comfortable buildings. Mr. Blanding has been a leader in the affairs of the county. He was tlie first county attor- ney, being also one of the first commission- ers at the organization of the county, in 1873, and having been the first and only county surveyor, being the present incumbent of that office. He has surveyed all the addi- tions to Wahpeton, save the first one, and has also laid out and platted eight other towns, two of which are in Wilkin count}', Minnesota. Mr. Blanding is a stanch de- fender of the principles of the republican party, and had the honor of casting his first presidential vote for William Henry Harrison. He is a leading member of the Masonic frater- nity. He has been identified with the best interests, of Richland county since its first settlement, and in every way he has been the friend of improvement and prosperity, and while his official record is without stain, so his private life and business connections have been of such a high character as to make him one of the most highly respected men in the town and countv. ►H^^ ?.TANHOPE L. COLLINS, who is engaged in carrying on the livery and sale stable at Crookston, Minnesota, as well as the sale of mowing machines, self- binding reapers and tlireshing machines, is one of the early settlers of Polk count}^ and a leading business man in the community in which he lives. The subject of this sketch was born in Bellevue, Jackson county, June 9, 1858, and is the son of Myron and Elizabeth (Miller) Collins, of that village. His early youth was spent in attendance upon the schools of his native town, in which he received the ele- ments of an excellent education. In the fall of 1876 he entered Bayles' Business or Commercial College, at Dubuque, Iowa, where, following the full course, he acquired a thorough knowledge of book-keeping and all business forms and transactions. The following spring he accepted the position of book-keeper and cashier in a large farm implement establishment in the town of liis birth, in which he remained until the sum- mer of 1879. In the latter year he came to Polk county and took up a homestead claim of 160 acres of land in the town of Euclid, 4i8 KEP JkIvek valley ax n and, liaving a cash capital of $450, hired some eiglity acres of tlic prairie sod broken, and put up liis claim shanty. In the fall of that year ho returned to liis lioine in Iowa, and during' the winter, by close a])plication and prudential economy, acquired ^■,utHcient money with wliich he purchased a team, wliicli liis father,wiio wasengaged inshipping horses to tliis part of tlie country, brouglit here for him. Early in the spring of ISSO our subject came here and settled on his farm, and putting in a crop of wheat on tiie eighty acres of land he had had broken the previous year, commenced breaking the bal- ance of the land, and when that was finished, taking contracts for breaking for other parties. By industry and energy, wiiich are iniierent in his nature, he found that from the proceeds of the sale of his crop in the fall and the result of his labors that he had cleared some $1,200 in cash. lie renuiined, engaged in agricultural pursuits, n})on his farm until the fall of 1881, when selling out li(> removed to the village of Crookston, antl in company with D. C. Terry, he j)ut in a livery stable. His father was engaged in the purchase of horses in Iowa and shipping them to this jiart of the country for sale, and in 1883 put up theliv- erj'' barn now occui)ied by Mr. Collins as a place in which to put his own stock as well as to accommodate his son and his partner, and into this building the latter moved their stock as soon as it was comjileted. In 1886 the subject of our memoir purchased the interest of his partner and ran the business until the spring of 1887, when he formed a co-partnership with George II. Tunell, but in the following fidl, again bought out that gentleman, since which time he has been alone in the management of the business, and is doing an extensive trade. In 1882 Mr. (Collins purchased and |ilaced in his stable a handsome hearse, the first and only one in this portion of the lied Tliver Valley, and isthusenabled to properly attend to all funerals. His stock is valued at some $4,500, all of which has been accumulated entirely by his (;wn energy, industry and at- tention t(j his business, and he occupies a prominent place in the business circles of the city. In addition to his livery he devotes considerable attention to the sale of agricult- ural machinci-y in the way of mowers, reaj)- ers, self-binders and threshers, and has met with a merited success in this direction. A man of sterling integrity, excellent business tact and indomitable energy, his success in lite is already insured, and he merits and receives the fullest esteem and respect of the whole community in which he lives. Mr. Collins was united in marriage, December 7, 1886, with Miss Minnie Jlentzel. of Polk county, and this was the first cere- mony of that character in Fanny township, of this conntv. They have two childien. J^EaRTSON F. WOODARD is a member JL-^ of the law firm of Clapp & Woodard , with offices at Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. i\Ir. Woodard is a native of Caiuula antl was born in 1847. Mr. Woodard's paients were Captain Uriin and Eliza M. (Thompson) "Woodard, the former a native of Canada and the latter of Massachusetts. The father was engaged extensively in farming and also in stock-rais- ing and the dairy business. II is father was Samuel Woodard, a native of Canada and of English descent, b}' occupation a fai'mer. Samuel Woodard was a soldier in the Canada militia and served in the War of ISl'J; and ( )rlin, the father of the subject of our sketch, was a soldier in the Canada militia in 1837. Eliza j\I. Thompson's father was Franklin Thompson, a native of Massachusetts. He was engaged extensively in farming, and in earlv life moved to Xorthern Vermont, where I- ARK KLGIONS OF MIXNESOTA. 419 he remained until he died. He reared a hirge family of children and held many positions of trust in the county in wliieli he lived. lie was one of tlie prominent men of tiiat place and was of Scotch and English ilescent. Samuel Woodard reared a large family of children, and was one of the early settlers of the province of Quebec, Canada. Orlin, his son, reared a family of seven children, six of whom are now living, one having died in infancy. The names of these chiklren are as follows — Louise E., now Mrs. J. I. Kimball; Orlando H., a merchant in Boston, Massa- chusetts ; Oscar B., a merchant at St. Albans, Vermont ; Susan M., now Mrs. G. W. Miller, of Otter Tail county, Minnesota; Harriet E., now Mrs. G. G. Clement, of the same county, and H. F. The subject of our sketcli spent his younger days at home, attending school, receiving an academic education. He was admitted to the bar in Franklin county, Ver- mont, at twent\'-one years of age, and remained in the practice of his profession in that county for five years. Leaving that place he removed to St. Croix county, Wisconsin, where, for eight and one-half years he engaged actively' in the practice of his profes- sion. In February, 1882, he came to Fergus Falls, Minnesota, and formed a partnership with M. E. Clap}), now the attorney general of Minnesota. This partnership iias con- tinued until the present time. Wiiile living in St. Croix count}', Wisconsin, Mr. Woodard was prosecuting attorney for three years, and while living in Fergus Falls has been the attorney for the Fergus Falls National Bank. Mr. Woodard was united in marriage in 1871 to Miss Eunice E. Whitney, of Frank- lin county, Vermont, daughter of Alloway Whitney, and extensive farmer of that State. Mr. and Mrs. Woodard have been blessed with one child, a girl, whose name is May A. Attorney Woodard has been eminently successful in the practice of law since resid- ing in this place. In all ways he has proven himself a careful, painstaking lawyer, an expei-t triei- of cases, and a man whose sound judgment has made \\m\ man}' business friends. He has been a life-long republican, and has at all times been a stanch supporter of tlie principles promulgated by that party. For the last live years he has held the office of chief of the Fergus Falls fire department. He purchased a fine residence in which he now lives on Junius avenue, Fergus Falls — a beautiful home, fitted with all modern im- provements. Mr. Woodard is one of the lead- ing citizens of Fergus Falls and vicinity, and has a large and increasing practice. JOSEPH WARD REYNOLDS, attorney- >fa/ at-law, and also editor and proprietor of the Herman Enterjmse, is one of the most prominent citizens in the western part of the State. He was born, June 2U, 1859, near Millbrook, Canada, his parents being farmers. He lived on the farm until ten years old, when he removed with his parents to Battle Creek, Michigan. He received his education there, and resided there until 1878, when, having finished the preparatory course for the Michigan University in the Battle Creek high school, and received diploma as a grad- uate in the classical course, he came to Min- nesota, and taught school at Minneapolis for one year. In 1879 he came to Norris, was examined by a duly appointed committee, and admitted to the bar June 20, ISSO, upon the day of majoritj'. Since then he has practiced law at Her- man. He was count}' attorney of Arrant county from 1881 to 1883, since when he has never been a candidate for any office, and holds no official position now except as attorney for the State and certain settlers in respect to railroad land grants ; has farmed 420 .RED KIVEK VALLEY AND continually since residing at Herman, most of the time on a very extensive scale, and now owns and cultivates several improved farms. His next older brother is a ]ihysician at Battle Creek. Another brotiier is a mer- chant at Dallas, Texas. The third, a lawyer at Elkhart, Indiana. Tiie motlier is now living at Dallas, Texas. One sister is resid- ing at Battle Creek. Mr. Reynolds is the present proprietor and editor of Herman Enterprise. His law prac- tice extends over the State, and frequently takes him to Dakota, and he is recognized as one of the most successful lawyers in the western part of the State. JOHN COULTER, a farmer residing on section 27, Huntsville township, is one of the oldest settlers and one of the most prominent and highly respected citizens of Polk county. Minnesota. He has taken an active part in ail pul)lic and educational affairs, and is recognized as one of the lead- ins' and most substantial citizens of the local- ity in wliich he lives. A man of the strictest integrity, untiring energy and enterprise, he stands 4iigh both as a neighbor and an ex- emplary citizen. Mr. Coulter was born in Ontario, Canada, on the 15th of April, 18-47, and is a son of Christopher and Elizabeth (Lee) Coulter, who were natives of Scotland. John Coulter was raised and educated in the Province of his birth. He began a life of hard work, when he was quite young, but did not leave home for good until he was about twenty- six years of age. In the fall of 1S66 he came to Winona county, Minnesota, and remained for about one year working on a farm for a man named James Robinson. He then went to Eau Claire, Wisconsin, where he engaged in the lumber business and remained until the spring of 1872. During the summer of that year, 1872, he came to Polk county, Minnesotn, and secured work with McCormick. (^riggs and Walsh, at log- "■injT on Red Lake river. The same fall he returned to Canada, and in the following- January again went to Wisconsin to follow lumbering. On tiie 4tii of J illy, 1S73, he made another move and on tiiat day he landed at Grand Forks. He came at once to Huntsville townshi]), and i'oi- ii^l.") he pur- chased a squattei''s rigiil for a j)iece of land and entered it as a pre-emption. The railroad company " beat'' liim out of that j)laco, and he then purchased land where he now lives. He now owns one of the most valuable farms in the county, couq)rising in ail t520 acres. For 120 acres of this he \ym<\ $23.2() per acre, and for the balance $15 per acre. His build- ings and other improvements are a credit to the township, ami are located in a large oak grove on the banks of Red Lake river. Mr. Coulter was married at Grand Forks on the 23d of July, 1873, to Miss Catharine McVeety, a daughter of James and Jessie (McLane) McVeety. Mr. and Mrs. Coulter are the parents of the following-named children — Jennette E., Christopher C, Jauu^s A., Elizabeth, John L., Cora E., Mabel M. and William Alfred. •«-S^^"^- ^^LMER ADAMS, editor of the Fergus ^^^ Falls Journal^ is one of the best known newspaper men in the Park Regions. He is a native of AVaterbury, Vermont, born Decem- ber 31, 1861, and is a son of Daniel K. and Annie (Hale) Adams. The parents were also natives of Vermont. The father, who was originally an iron manufacturer, came to Minneapolis in 1879, and engaged in con- tracting and building, and still makes that city his home. The parents had a family of four children,"who are now living — Dayton, Elmer, Wilbur AV. and Alice. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 421 Elmer Adams, whose name heads this article, finished his education at the Minne- sota State University, graduating from that institution in the Class of 1884. He came to Fergus Falls on the ITtli of February, 1884-, and became the editor of the Fergus Falls Daihj Telegram. In March, 1885, the Tele- gram was consolidated witli tiie^o(«7(a(^and Mr. Adams became editor of that paper, and has since retained that position. Tiie weekly has a circulation of 2,300, and the daily prietor of the i''armers' Hotel, sit- uated on tlio corner of James and Broadway streets, Moorhead, Minnesota, will form tlie subject of the biographical sketch herewith subjoined. ifr. llolbcck is a native of Denmark, born February 14, 1845. His jiarents were Nels and Karn (Oleson) Holbeck, natives of Den- mark, also. The}' emigrated to America in 1870, settling in Otter Tail county, Minnesota, where they took a homestead of forty acres. The mother died in 1873, and the father in 1887. Tlieyhad a family of four children — Chris, Kastena, Jens P. and Nels. Chris, who is the person specially to be treated of in this connection, was reared on his father's farm, and obtained a good com- mon school education. When eleven years of age he went out to work on a farm and herd cattle, for which he received his board and clothes. He remained there for seven long years, and then went into a city, where he worked at whatever his hands could find to do. He followed this for six years. The first two years he received but |50 per year, and during the third and fourth years his wages amounted to $100 i)er year, while the last two of the six years' service he received $212 per year. Having seen a pretty hard time in his native land, he thought well to come to Amei-ica, so in the spring of iSfiS he left his native land and crossed the ocean. He came to Winona, Minnesota, and went to work on the Southern Minnesota Kaihvav. He then spent some time in Wisconsin and Iowa, working at haying and harvesting during the summer and fall of 18G8. He then purchased a claim of IGO acres in Otter Tail county, Minnesota, which he improved, and while doing so worked out and remained on the same until 1S75, raising grain, cattle and horses. He then exchanged his farm for another, two miles distant; this he kept two years, when he sold in 1878 and came to Clay county and took a pre-emption in Worken township; this he improved and remained on seven years, and then traded the farm for the hotel he now operates in !\roorhead, together with a store building adjoining. , Politically, he is an independent voter. He was treasurer of Worken townshi)i when he lived in that precinct, and was elected alderman from the third ward in the city of ]\loorhead in 1888. He was married in l>i70 to Miss Karn U. Jensen, daughter of Jens Larson, natives of Denmark. The father was enj^'at'ed in butchering in that country until 1883, when he came to America, remained one year and returned to his native place, and there died in 1884. The mother died in ^linnesota in 1887. Mr. and Mrs. Holbeck belong to the Lutheran church. Their family consists of five children — Herman, Agnes, Walter, Dag- mer and William. Mr. Holbeck is an upright man, a good citizen, and has the respect of all who know him. ^' ^^EORGE G. HENAULT, the leading ^^X dentist of Northwestern Minnesota, and the adjoining portion of Dakota, is a resident of the city of Ci'ookston, born in Canada, October 31, 1853. Ho is the son of George H. and Ruth llenault, and is of French extraction. In early youth he received his education in the schools of his native land, and a the age of thirteen entered the dental office of his uncle. Dr. L. Clem- ents, at Kingston, Canada, where he served an apprenticeshi}) at the profession for a period of three years. When sixteen years of age, abandoning, for a time, the practice of dentistry, he engaged as a salesman in a large dr}' goods emporium in the same city, and followed that line of l)usincss as a clerk ]\iRh' RECrOXS OF M/X/V ESOT.I . 423 or salasmen until he had attained tiie age of twenty. Having come to the determination to pursue the study of dentistry, he again resumed his ]ilace with his uncle and devoted some four years to the mysteries and science of tiiat difficult profession. After full}' con- (jueriiig all its intricacies, for a ))eriod coyer- ine: some si.x: vears tiie Doctoi' was not en- gaged in anv permanent employment, but in 1882 came to Faribault, ^linnesota, where anotlier uncle, S. T. Clements, was located in the pursuit of dental surgery, and entered into partnership with that gentleman. He remained in that cit}' making many friends, and acquiring a more tliorough knowledge of his business until May 1885, when, appre- ciating the wide tield for his future efforts that lay in the great and growing North- west, he came to the Ked River Valley in search of a promising point. On looking the country over he located in Crookston and opened liis rooms, rightlj^ foreseeing its future prosperity and growth. Here he has rapidly won golilen opinions for himself and attained a high position, botii as a professional man and as a citizen. The aljsolute rectitude of his life, the integrit}'^ of his motives, and the energy and public-spirited ness of his charac- ter has exalted him in the opinions of his fellow-citizens, while his thorough knowl- edge of his profession and liis eas\' and affable manners have brought him alargeand lucrative business, wliich is extending exery dav. -«- -«►► lACOB OLSON. Among the most tiirifty and industrious farmers of tlie famous Red River and Park Regions is the gentleman whose name iieads this article, a prominent agriculturist of Grant county, Minnesota, i-esiding on section 5, Erdahl township. He is a native of Norway, born on the r2th of July, 182!), and is a son of Ole Nelson and Marit (Jacobs Datter) Nel- son, natives of Norway. The father of ou suijject devoted his life to farming, and died in his native land. The father and mother of Jacob were the parents of the following named children - — Nels, Ole, Jacob, Carrie, Julia, Mary (deceased) and Mary. Nels, Jacob and Mary are still living. Jacob Olson, the jierson of Avhom this article treats, spent his boyhood days in the land of his birth, and left the sch ol-room at the age of sixteen years. Ke then leai-ned the shoemaker's trade and followed the same until 185(3. In 185G he emigrated to the United States, and in June landed on xVmer- ica's shores. After landing he went to Decorah, Iowa, ami remained there until 1859, working a farm on shares. He then went to Fillmore county, Minnesota, where lie remained until 1868, engaged in farming. In 18(18 IMr. Olson removed to Grant county, Minnesota, and settled on his farm in Erdahl township, section 5, which he had liomesteaded in 186(3. He has since resided there, engao-ed extensiveiv and successfullv TOO »- ^ in general farming and stock-raising. He is one of the most successful farmers in the county, and was the first settler in the town- ship of Erdahl. Mr. Olson was united in marriage July 24, 1856,to Miss Anna Anders Datter, a native of Norway. Their marriage has been blessed with eight children — Betsie, Anna,Christena, Isabelle, Ole, Andrew, Jacob and Joini. Betsie is now Mrs. Johnson. Anna is mar- ried to Mr. Holt and the remainder are single. Mary, who was the wife of Mr. Anton Holt, died at the age of twenty-eight years. Air. Olson, with his family, belong- to the Lutheran church, and has iield the offices of trustee and ti'casurerof that organ- ization. He has held the offices of school director, scho(jl treasurer, chairman of the board of supervisors, etc. In political mat- ters he is an adherent to the principals of the republican party. He is one of the repre- 4 24 RED KIVEK VALLEY J. YD sentative men of the countj% and is highly esteemed by all who know him. Mr. Olson ■was one of the three appraisers who appraised or fixed the values on tlie State and school lands in Grant countv. '«- ^»^ R. J. E. METCALF, dentist and doctor of dental surgery, is located at Fergus Falls. Olter Tail county. Minnesota. He is one of the leading dentists of this place, and has built up an extensive practice. The Doctor is a native of Orleans county, Ver- mont, where he was l)orn on tiie ITtii of Auf'ust. lSr)(t. lie is the son of Johnathan and Didania (Bickford) Metcaif. The father was a miller l)y occupation and owned a large mill in the State of Vermont. He came AVest in 1S65 and settled in St. Charles, "Winona county, Minnesota. Later he removed to Clairmont. Dodge county, and thence went to Fergus Falls, where he remained until his death, which occurred in 1884. The mother died on the 14th of December, 1887. They had a family of ten ciiildren, three of whom are now living — Orpha P., now Mrs. Randall; Eugenia, and the subject of our sketch. Tiie Doctor spent his younger days on tjje farm, attemling the district school until eighteen years of a£?e. At that time he commenced tlie study of dentistry at St. Paul, in the office of Dr. Connance. In ISSl lie removed to Fergus Falls and con- tinued his study under the direction of Dr. Pholen, of that city. In October, 1883. he commenced to practice his profession at Detroit, Becker county, Minnesota, where he remained in active work for about one year. At the end of this period he returned to Fergus Falls, where he has since remained, doing an excellent business. Dr. Metcaif was united in marriage in 1884 to Miss Carrie Ford, the daughter of Patrick Ford, of Conneautville, Pennsyl- vania. Two children iiave blessed this union— Paymond F. and William C. Mrs. Metcalf's parents were Patrick and Mar}' (Ward) Ford, the former a native of Ireland, and the latter of England. Her father's occupation was that of a molder, and later in life he became an extensive farmer in Pennsylvania. He came to Amer- ica in 1849, and settled in Conneautville, Crawford county. Pennsylvania, where he purchased a fai'm of IfiO acres. Here he engaged in farming, ami continued his resi- dence until hisdeath, which occurred in 1880. The mother is still living, and resides on tlie liome farm in Pennsylvania. They have a family of ten living children — Mary, now Mrs. William Dorathy ; Margaret, now Mrs. P. 15. Ilenretta ; Rosa and Anna, twins (Rosa now being Mrs. William llaggarty, and Anna, now Mrs. Moses Crapes) ; Lizzie, now Mrs. Boatman ; Thomas C, John W., Mrs. Metcaif; Ella, who lives with Mrs. Dr. Met- caif; and Sarah, now Mrs. William Steele. Mrs. Metcalf's father was one of the wealthy prominent men of the county in which he lived. He was a democrat in politics, and for some years held the office of mayor of j Conneautville, and also held the office of justice of the peace. After he retired from active business life he held various offices of trust. He was a man who took great ]iride ! in raising fine stock, and owned tlie famed horse called Blazing Star, a race horse which sold for $1,0(10. He had many other very fine specimens of blooded stock. He died at the age of seventy -five years. lie was a man loved and I'cspected by all who knew him. His son Thomas C, is superintendent of the largest salt works in Michigan ; and John W., another son, is at present engaged in manasino- the home farm. While the father was engaged in the foundry business he held the ])osition of foreman in a large foundry at Conneautville. for twenty j'ears. PARK REGIOtV^ OF MINXESOTA. 425 Mrs. Metcalf is a member of the Catholic ciuirch, and is a lady who holds the esteem of a large circle of friends in Fergus Falls. The Doctor's oflRce is located on Lincoln avenue. In politics Dr. Metcalf is a loyal llepublican, having affiliated with that party for many years. OSEPH A. COLBY is engaged in the liv- i ^ ei-y business in Alexandria, Minnesota. He is a native of Erie county, New York, and was born on the 6th of April, 1820. Mr. Colby's parents were Jonathan and Hannah (Cooper) Colby. This family has been noted for its loyalty to the countrj', indeed, every male member in every genera- tion has served his country more or less in the wars which have been inflicted upon this land. Mr. Colby's grandfather, Ezekial was born in New Hampshire, and moved to Ver- mont, whence he came to the State of New York, settling in Erie county in 1S08. He served as a soldier in the Revolutionary War. On coming to Erie count}'. New York, the country was wild, and they were among the very first pioneers who settled in and began the improvement of that county. Jonathan, the father of our subject, served in the War of 1812, and for honorable serv- ice attained the rank of lieutenant and finally received a colonel's commission. Hannah Cooper, the mother of the sub- ject of this sketch, was the daughter of Joseph Cooper, who was born in New Hampshire, and came to Erie county where he settled in 1810. He was a soldier in the Eevolutionary War, and was in the famous battle of Brandywine. He held a captain's commission during the entire service. Jonathan Colby's family numbered eight children, three of whom are now living in Erie county, New York, and two in Douglas county, Minnesota. Joseph A. Colby, of whom we write, received his early training on a farm, I'e- maining in that business until he was seven- teen years of age. At that time he came west, spending a short period in Indiana, whence he went to Chicago. Here he re- mained three years, at the end of which time he returned to Aurora, Erie county, New York. Desiring to l)etter prepare him- self for life's duties, he comraeivced a course at the Aurora academy, where he studied for two years. He then engaged in the study of law, entering the law office of his brother-in-law, P. M. Yosburgh. Tlien he engaged in the mercantile business, forming a partnership with C. J. Hamlin, running for a time what was known as the citj' store. His firm had three branch stores, also, and did a large business for a number of years. Mr. Colby continued in this line from 1844 to 1856, at which time he sold out and came west, settling in Hastings, Minnesota. Here he eneaffed in farming- and also in the wheat business. Still later he engaged in the gro- cery trade, until the breaking out of the war in 1861. At this time he turned his atten- tion to raising volunteers to enter the union army. He helped to recruit a company of troops with Marshall, of St. Paul, and this company" was finally consolidated and called Company K, Eighth Eegiment Minnesota Volunteers. This company came west to Alexandria, Douglas county, ami built a stockade, where they remained in the service until 1863. In this year the company was disbanded, part of them going with General Sibley's command and part with General Sully. During this time Mr. Colby was on duty at St. Paul, purchasing for the Government different supplies. He bought horses with saddles and bridles and necessary trappings He was in the service of the Government for four years. In 18.56 Mr. Colby came to Alexandria, settling on a farm five miles 426 KKD mVER VALLE Y AND south of the village on the shores of Lake Mary. He took about 400 acres, and engaged in farming until 1882. However, ])rior to this time, in 1875, he moved his family into Alexandria, where he engaged in the hvery business, also running a stage line to Morris, Parker's Prairie and Pomme de Terre. During this time he worked up (|uite a business, employing, continually, four or five men. The stage line business was kejit u]i by him until he was vii-tu;illy frozen out l)y the advent of the railroads. Ho has made consi(leral)l(> uinnev in buying and selling horses. He bougiit the livery build- ing, which he now occn]ues. in 1880, keeps twenty horses, atul su])plies tourists with teams during the siiniincr nu)ntlis. He owns a good residence on H street, where he now lives. Mr. Colby was married in the year 1848 to Miss Cyrena H. McKillips, of Erie count}', New York. They have now three living children — Frank, Eosa and Fred. Frank Colby was married in 1865 to Lizzie Thom- son, b}' whom he has had three daughters — Rosa, Lena and Abbie. Frank enlisted in the Third Minnesota Regiment of Volun- teers in 1S(>1 as a ])rivate. rising to the rank of corporal. He served in the war until its close, losing his health from exposure and hard service. He is now a resident of Alex- andria. Rosa, now Mrs. Truax, formerly Mrs. Stone, was first married to Mi-. Stone, by M'hom she had one child — Archie. In 1870 she married Mr. Truax, by wlmni she has had two children — Joseph aiul 'J'hura. Fi'etl married Miss Anna Siples in 18o7, by ■whom he has had one child — Ailluu-. Fred Colby is a resident of Hastings, ^Minnesota, and is agent for the St. Paul and Milwaukee Railroad Comi)any. Joseph A. Colby has been identified with the interests of Douglas county for many years, coming here in an early day, and becoming one of its lirst citizens. He helped to organize the county in 18(56, and for years held the office of justice of the peace in Lake Mary township. He also held the office of town clerk foi' three years, and was con- nected with the board of school directors. Mr. Colby affiliates with the republican jwrty in ])olitics, and with his wife and fam- ily l)elongs to the Episcopal church of Alex- aiulria. -«-J€^*-<^- ^X#1LL1AM L. COE, who has charge of JpW the elevator at Ada, belonging to the Red River Valley Elevator Company, is | one of the most ])opular citizens of that vil- lage. He is a native of Durham county, or shire, England, the son of Joseph and Ann (Grice) Coe, and was born Xovemiier •!', 1844. In the year 1854, when he was about ten years of age, he crossed the wide Atlan- tic with his parents and for about a year re- sided in Virginia. From there the family .removed to Michigan and two years later to Wisconsin. While a resident of the latter State the Civil War broke out and the gov- erniuent was threatened with subversion. A mong ottiers, August 27, 1861, the subject of this sketch enlisted in the First Wisconsin Pattery of Light Artillery, and was mustered into the service of the United States at Racine, Sejitember 16th, following. Aftei' waitinu' about two weeks the command was ordered to (^umlierland (iap, Tennessee, where it was attached to thecorpsof General A. J. Smith. Acting to the north and rear of Vicksburg, the battery helped open the blockade to that ])lace, and participated thi'oughout the entire siege of that forti- fied cit\-, losing some three men. This small loss is surprising, as the battery was close up to the rebel works, and the section of which Mr. Coe was a mem- ber, not more than eighty j'ards from PARK REGIONS OF MI.VNESOrA. 427 the line of their entrencliraents, from May 18th, until the surrender of the place, July 4th. From that place Mr. Coe went with the command to Jackson, Mississippi, to force the position held hy General Joe Johnston, and after the latter had evacuated that city proceeded with the corps to which tiie l)attery was attached, up the Tied river to reinforce Genei-al K. P. Banks. Mr. Coe participated for five weeks in tiiat ill-judged expedition, which, but for the assistance car- ried him by General Smith, would have resulted in the entire destruction of General Banks' army. On returning to the Missis- sippi river Mr. Coe was sent with the battery to New Orleans, where he was stationed until the fall of 18G-t, when, his time having expired, he was discharged and returned to his home. From the latter he came the same fall to Winona, and in 186."> engaged in the wheat business in wiiich he has been ever since. The last six years previous to his coming here was spent in Minneapolis, four years in the employ of the ]\[illers" Association of that city and two years in that of the Red Eiver Valley Elevator Company. In 1886 he came to Ada in the interest of the latter company and has been a resident here ever since. Mr. Coe takes an active interest in all G. A. II. matters and is the present com- mander of William Ketchum Post, No. 62, of Ada, and is a menibci' of the I. O. O. F. fraternity. He is, socially, one of the most popular citizens of the village, and one of its most active ;\nd public-spirited business men. He, stands high in the estimation of his fellow- citizens as a straightfoi-ward business man, en- joying a high degree of I'cspect and esteem. Mr. Coe was married September 10, 1875, to Miss Pose Durkee. Her father was a speculator and farmer. "Mr. and Mrs. Coe are the parents of three children, as follows- — Clarence Hector, Harry Victor and Ella Belle. HARLES B. KLOOS, a respected and i^^ industrious husbandman of Grant county, ilinnesota, is a resident of section 24, Maxsville township. He is a native of Ger- man}', born in Maintzler, in the town of Grossiierzogtluim Ilesser on the 2Uth day of February, 1848, and is the son of Henry and I'horatea (Keliei) Kloos, natives of the same kingdom. The i'iither came to the United States in 1859 and settled in Carver county, Minnesota, where he died March 27, 1881. His occupation through active life was farming. There was a family of seven children, named as follows— Catharine, Henry, Ludwig, Elizabeth, Charles, John andT3aniel. Daniel died in Carver county, Minnesota, in his sixteenth year. Ludwig died in the late war. He was taken prisoner and confined in Andersonville prison, where he died from cruel treatment and starvation. Charles B. Kloos, the subject of this bio- graphical review spent the younger days of his life in attending school in his native land, and at about twelve yeai's of age came with his parents to America's shores. After a vovage of forty -two days the family landed in New York City, from which place they went to St. Paul, Minnesota. After remain- ing there for six weeks they moved to the farm which the father had purchased in Carver county. Charles, our subject, at- tended the high school in St. Paul, and after completing his course there, attended a com- mercial college. During the interim which separated his high school attendance and his course at the commercial college, he was em- ployed in a steamboat office, to which position he was I'einstated after leaving the business college. This position he held for twelve years and after leaving he removed to Grant county, Minnesota, where lie bought 640 acres— all of section 2.3, Dela'vare township. After improving 250 acres of tiie farm, building a good house and barn, he sold the entire tract of land, in lsS2. Mr. Kloos -)2S KED RIVER VALLEY AND then hoiiglit his present place on section 24: in Maxsville township. He bought 80 acres, honiesteaded 80 acres and took a tree chiiin of IfiO acres. Since then lie has ailded to his property until he now owns one of tlie most desirable farms in the county, com]irising 050 acres, all well improved. He is engaged in general fanning anil stock- raising and has the best of building im- provements. ]\Ir. Kloos was married July 29, 1875, to IMiss J[argrette Eichmitter, and they have been blessed with the following-named chil- dren — Anna, Lewis, Willie (deceased), Ora and Cora (twins), Prettyman and Mabel. Mrs. Kloos is a native of Minnesota, born in Carver county January 4, 1856, and educated there. Mr. Kloos is one of the representa- tive men of the town of Maxsville, and has held the offices of justice of the peace, school clerk, etc. lie, with his family, belong to the Lutheran church. He is a man of the utmost honor and integrity, and is highly esteemed by all, l)oth as a neighbor and an exemplary citizen. -*«; D. FRANCIS, the photo- graphic artist of Crookston, Minne- sota, and one of its prominent business men, is a native of Enfield, Penobscot county, Maine, where he first saw the light on the Ittth of April, 1861. When three or four years old his parents, Elias R. and Mary Francis, moved to Lincoln, whei'e he en- joyed tiie advantages of the excellent educa- tional institutions of that town until he iiad reached his eighteenth year. At that time lie attended Eastman's Commercial College, Poughkeepsie, Kew York. On completing the course of that institution he went to the "Centennial State," Colorado, whither his parents had gone while he was in college. About one vear after arriving in Silver Clitf, Colorado, he entered the photograph gallery of Charles E. Emery, where he learned the mysteries of the photographic art. He closely pursued this business in that jilace until Issir, when he removed to JMiller, Dakota, and there established a gallery of his own. In the spring of the following year, however, he removed to Crookston, and followed his profession for a year or so in the establishment of H. J. Kertson. After a visit to his Colorado home, which extended over a period of six months, on returning to Crookston, Mr. Francis ])urchased the busi- ness and outfit of his former emjiloyer, and has conducted the establishment ever since. Mr. Francis is a thorough master of his art, and the work turned out at his gallerv is the equal to the best in any of the larger cities, and the finish superior to many. In addition to the mechanical jiart of his busi- ness he carries in stock a full and complete line of picture-frame molding, and is pre- pared to furnish frames in any (piaiitity. He makes a specialty of enlarging and reprint- ing old and faded photographs, making them as good and fresh as new. The subject of this sketch was united in marriage, at Crookston, Minnesota, with Miss Ella Adams, of Miller, Dakota, on the 9th of September, 1885. ,ENRY F. EDWARDS, who is jiroprie- tor of the City Dair^' at Moorhead, Minnesota, finds place in this work for a biographical sketch, which, from the best data possible to collect, the writer has been able to formulate the following bit of ])er- sonal history, concerning a highly respected business man and citizen. He is a native of St. Lawrence county, Xew York, born in 1853. His parents were George and Charlotte (Mears) Edwards, natives of England and Veriiiont,respectively. PAKK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 429 The father came to America in 1840, set- tlin<; in New York State, where he engajjed at boot and shoe making, continuing the same until his deatli, which took place. in 1S78. He had a family of eight children, five of whom are now living — Henry F., Sarah J., Agnes E., Charles H. and Lillie C. The father Avas a republican in his politics. He had l)een a British soldier for seven years, being drafted in for life, but made his escape after seven years. Our subject, Henry F. Edwards, remained at home until twelve years of age, up to which time he attended the common schools. At that age he engaged at work on a farm, attending school winters, and followed this for twenty years. He followed farm life in the East until he was twenty-nine years of age, having bought him a good farm when he was twenty-five years old — the place be- ing in his native county. In 1882, he sold the farm and came to Fargo, Dakota, where he purchased a dairy and continued to oper- ate the same for a j'ear where it was, and then moved the plant to Moorhead, Minne- sota, where he is still situated. His brother, Charles H., was his partner until 1888, when he purchased his interest. Mr. Edwards was married in 1888 to Miss Annie E.Chase, from Michigan. Her people were L. G. and Sarah (Menzies) Chase. The father was born in London, England, and the mother at Detroit, Michigan. The father came to America when he was eighteen years of age, follow- ing farming and fruit growing. He now resides at Manistee, Michigan. They had a family of eleven children, six of whom are now living — Edgar, Louisa, now Mrs. Thomas Solley; James, Charles, Annie E., now Mrs. H. F. Edwards, and Edwin. The father is a republican and a man who is full of public spirit. The mother belongs to the Church of England. Our subject believes in the principles of the prohibition party, and is an upright man who deals square with everyone. His place of business is on the east side of the Mani- toba railway track and south of the North- ern Pacific line. He keeps fifty cows and sells his product at wholesale, to parties in both Fargo and Moorhead. j^V SOLEM, the subject of our present -ts^^%^ article, is the editor and publisher of the Fergus Falls Ugehlad, the only Scandi- navian journal published in the Park Regions. Mr. Solem was born near Trond- hjem, Norway, on the 27th of April, 1850. His parents were EUef and Inger (Lerine) Solem, farmers, who still live where our subject was born, although the}' were natives of other parts of that kingdom. A. Solem was the oldest in a family of two sons and four daughters. When our subject was a boy — from seven to eleven years of age — he was sick a good deal, having an ailment in one of his legs which confined him to the bed for months at a time every year. He therefore could not go to school very much, but was a great reader and studied all the books he could borrow. In 1868 he secured a loan of $100 and attended a seminary for teachers not far from his native town, and graduated from this institution with honors, receiving an excellent testimonial. While attending school, during the first year, he was sick for several weeks Avith rheumatic fever, which proved a serious set back to him. Early in 1871 he went to the northern part of Norway, near Tromso, and began teaching the children in a family, which vocation he followed for five years. Besides that he secured a position much like a count}' treasurer m this country, but his salary was very small as compared with the salary for such an office here. He had paid his debt and commenced to think of going to school again. He got another loan — $500 — and 43C Ki-n KivKK r,iL/./:y AW went to a school for engineers and architects in Troiuliijeiii. The course \v;is tiirce j'ears, and when that time was up he cauie to America in September, 1879. He iiad rela- tives here at several places, hut did not iviiow wjiere, except tliat some iiveil in ( »ttertail county, Minnesota, and there he came early in October. He was well received l)y his relatives, but had a liard time getting- some thing to do. To work in some office with- drawing and the like was what he wanted, but could get nothing of the kind. He tlien worked at anytliing he could get — on the farm, in the school (Norwegian), in the store, and as carpenter, but felt he was not in the rightplace, and was rather low spirited. He was not a very great hand on tliis kind of work either. After having been here nearly a vear every tiling seemed to go right against I'im, and lie had a iiard time of it. J'ut late in tlie spring 1H81 there came a change all througli. In the spring of, 1880 his betrotiied came over from Norway, and tiiey werenuir- ried in the fall of the same year. In tjie spring of 1881 tiiey luoved to Fergus Falls. Minne- sota, and he offered to take any kind of work, but could get nothing until he finally was offered a plnce setting type in a newspaper office which had just been opened. It was something entirely new to him, l)ut he thought, "it must be steadv work, if he could learn." This was a Norwegian [)aper, but it was rather hard to get what little money he earned, and therefore, after about half a year, he went to the Fergus Falls Journal and got a job there. He asked the })rivilege of setting by the 1,000 (ems) as with the other paper, and that was granted. This was in January or February, 1882. He was a rather poor hand at the type case yet, and his English was jnst as ]ioor. He made small waees but gi'aduallv came to realize that h(^ was outgrowing his former ideas of being an architect, and that some sort of a j)rinter loomed up in its itlace. It was (juite a change. About five years of hard school work seemed almost lost, and he had started on something entirely new. He worked in the JoudkiJ office till alter Xew Years' Day, 1883. when the ])roprietor of the ■hnirnal bought the Norwegian paper he iiad worked on before, and which had now been suspended. Being a little modest, he refused to be its editor, but !Mr. Underwood, the owner of both papers, would not listen to this, and Mr. Solem finally had to yield. For- tunately, however, at about this time another man offered his services, and glad was ]\[r. Solem to be relieved of the responsibility. After this our subject worked as foreman on the paper, and. in fact, for some time did everything that belonged to the mechanical department. But the paper did not pay, and was then sold to a stoclc company, Mr. Under- wood, however, I'etaining a controlling inter- est. Still it did not prove a financial success, and Mr. Solem concluded that could he get full control of the paj)er, edit it himself and reduce the expenses, the enterprise could be made a success. Accordingly he secured a loan, and in July, 1884, jnirchased the office, and is now editor and sole proprietor. He is meeting with merited success and the paper has now an extensive circulation. OHN WEST is the popular landlord of the hotel which bears his well-known name in the busy and active village of Barnesville, Clay county, Minnesota. He is a native of England, born in "Warickshire, on the 7th day of October, 1847, and is the son of Richard and Mary West, natives of Eng- land. The parents of our subject emigrated to the United States in 1854, and settled in Michigan, where thev have since remained. They are the parents of the following named children — Thomas, Sarah, Caroline, Annie, Ilobert, George, William and John, our sub- ject. PARK Rl-.GIOXS Ol- .}f / XXF.SOT.I . 431 John West, the subject of this biographical | sketcli, remained in his native land until he was seven years of age, and at that period he \ came to tiie United States witii his parents. After landing he settled in Michigan at tiie village of Stiirges. He remained there, attending the common schools of that )ilace, until he was about fifteen years old. In lSti'2 he entered the employ of the Great Western Railroad Company, and remained , with them for over twenty-three years. Eighteen years of that time he was an engineer, and on the 1st day of Novembei-. 18S3, he removed to the State of Minnesota and settled at St. Paul. There he secured a position as engineer on the St. Paul, Minne- apolis 6c Manitoba line, and made; a regular run from St. Paul to St. Cloud and to Will- mar. This route jtassed through St. Cloud, and while sto})ping there on the 14th of April, 1SS6, a day of horror, never to be for- gotten by those who were there and passed through the danger of that cyclone, which spread desolation and I'uin over that fair city. Our subject barely escaped with his life. He was in i>ed and hearing the approaching storm, got u]i, ]iar- tially dressed, and just stepped through the door leading to another room, when the , house was caught up in the vorte.K of the ' whirlwind and completely demolished. Mr. West was hurled through the air, and although carried over fifty feet, received no serious injury. The laily of the house was 1 whirled up into the aii", carried a short dis- tance, and Wiis slightly injured, while the ; lady and her sei'vant, with whom ^Ii'. AYest was boarding, were instantly killed. Mr. \ West received severe wounds and bruises on account of which he was unable to do any work for six weeks. He then took his old position as engineer on the road, but found himself too much disabled to do service in his old line, engineering. He therefore removed to Barnesville, Clay county, Minne- sota, where he purchased his present prop- erty and engaged in the hotel business. He has since resided there engaged in the busi- ness, and is one of the most popular and highly esteemed hotel men in the Red Eiver Valley. Mr. AVest was united in marriage in Jul}', 1868, to Miss Rachel Penman, a native of the State of New York. This union has been blessed with the following named child- ren — William R. and Bert W., who are liv- ing, and three others deceased. Mr. West takes an active interest in all mat- ters of a local nature, pertaining to town or county. In political matters he affiliates with the democratic part}'. He is one of the repre- sentative citizens of the county ; a man of the highest honor and integrity; his word is considered as g-ood as his bond. '^^'^' T^lON. WILLIAM E. PURCELL is a JL'^-jL leading attorney of Wahpeton, Rich- land county, North Dakota. He is a native of Hunterdon county, New Jersey, where he was born August ;!. 1858. The parents of the subject of our sketch were Joseph and Johannah (Dugan) Purcell, natives of Ireland. They came to America in 1863 and settled at Fleming-ton, New Jersey, where the father engaged in farming. The younger days of the subject of this sketch were spent at work on the farm. He received a good common school education, and in 1870 commenced the study of law in the office of Hon. John N. Voorhees, of Fleniington. New Jersey, continuing his studies until 1880, when he was admitted to the bar, and in the same year removed to AVahpeton, Richland county. North Dakota, where he has since been engaged in the prac- tice of his profession. In 188-1: he was elected county attorney, and in ISSfi entered upon the duties of city attorney of AVahpe- 432 KED A'/r/:A' VALrj-.y AXD ton. In 1888 he was appointed United States district attorney by President Cleve- land, his field of duties taking in the entire Territory. There are eight districts in Dakota, and Mr. Purcell, as district attorney, must visit tliem all to attend to the legal duties of his office. This necessitates a vast amount of ti-avei and absence from home. He is a memlier of the hoard of education and a member of the agricultural board of North Dakota. In politics Mr. Purcell affili- ates with the democratic Jiarty, in defense of whose ))rincii)ies he often takes the stump. He has been successful in a financial way, and owns a tiiousand acres of land and con- siderable city propert}^ in Wahpeton. Mr. Purcell is a lawyer of excellent legal attain- ments, and is highly respected h\ his fellow- townsmen. Having thoroughly prepared him- self for his profession, he has risen to be the leading attorney in the county. His brother, Kicliard 11., who has been studying law with him for some time, was admitted to the bar in 1888, and is still in his office attending to legal matters during his absence on district business. ^M^NDREW GUNDERSON, one of the Jp^^ enterprising farmers of Clay county, Minnesota, has. through hard labor and fru- gality, situated himself in the midst of a fine comfortable home at Moorhead. He was born in Norway, March IG, 1821. His father was Gunder Christofferson, a farmer, who had four children — Chris- tofifer, Jeris, Andrew and Annie. Tiie par- ents were faitliful Lutlierans, and died in the land of their birth. Our subject, Andrew, was raised at home to farm life and 'duties, but when sixteen years old he went to work on a farm with his brother, where he remained for eighteen years. Then he was married, and worked five years on what is known as the Soldier's Home. He then came to America, in 1872, stopping in Cass county, Dakota, where he ' worked on the railroad six months, after I whicli lie came to Moorhead, which at that I time only presented some four or five liouses, ' the balance of tiie places of inhabitation ) being mere shanties. He found work in the , round house, across the river from ^loor- head in Fargo, for six months. lie then put in several months at any kind of labor tliat ■ he could lintl to do — not beinortance of the then flourishing village of Crookston, he settled in that place. Open- ing an office for the practice of the profession to which he had devoted his attention, and hanging "his banner on the outward walls," tha.t all might know that he was a disciple of Galen and master of the healing art, com- menced practice. By strictly attending to the duties devolving upon him, a conscien- tious discharge of the obligations laid upon him by his profession, and his close study of the cases submitted to his care, he has built up a most excellent, extended, and lucrative practice. Although the youngest member of the medical fraternity in the city, Dr. Dunlap already occupies a prominent posi- tion therein, and is regarded in an estimable light by his coadjutors in the profession. The Doctor is an active and zealous mem- mer of the Masonic fraternity, having been made a Mason in Crookston Lodge, ]Sfo. 141, A. F. & A. M., with which he still continues to be connected. He is also a member of Hiram Lodge, No. 78, A. O. U. W., of Crookston. Dr. Dunlap is as yet a single man, not hav- ing assumed the yoke matrimonial. #1LBERT OLSON, one of Grant countv's most liighly respected citi- zens, is residing on section 22, Erdahl town- ship, where he is carrying on an extensive farminij and stock-raisino: business. He is a native of Norway, born on the 28th of July, 1836, and is a son of Ole Munson and Guri (Gilbertson) Munson, natives also of the king- dom of Norway. The father, who was a farmer, died at the advanced age of ninety- two years. The mother died in 1885, at the age of sevent}' years. They were the parents of the following named children — Anton, Gilbert, John, Ole, Ingebar, and one who died in infancy. Gilbert Olson, the subject of this memior, spent his early days in attending the excel- lent common schools of his native land. When he Avas fifteen years old, he left the school-room and learned the shoemaker's trade. In 185-1, or when he was eighteen years of age, he emigrated to the United States, and after a voyage of seven weeks, landed at Quebec, Canada, where he was forced to remain for some time on account of sickness. As soon as health permitted, he removed to AVisconsin, between Waupon and Fond du Lac, where he was again assailed by sickness and confined for six months. As soon as he had recovered his health, he engaffed work of a farmer in that localitv, and remained with him for two years. At the expiration of that time he removed to Madison, Wisconsin, where he remained about six months, then going to Whitewater, Wal- worth county, Wisconsin. He remained there until the outbreak of the Civil War, and in 1862 enlisted in the Twenty-eighth Wisconsin Infantry, entering as a private and being discharged as corporal. He was under Capt. E. S. Redington for three years and participated in the following battles : Helena, Arkansas ; Vicksburg, Lit- tle Rock, Spanish Fort, Mobile and Pine Bluff, besides a great many skirmishes 434 RED K/r/:A' VALLEY AND and scouting expeditions. He was lionor- abl}' discharged at Brownsville, Texas, August 2."), isr.5. After liis discbarge, Mr. Olson returned to Madison, Wisconsin, where he was jiaid oif. He then went to Iowa, where he remained for one winter, and then left for Menominee, "Wisconsin, where he worked in a saw mill for three years. At the expiration of that time he removed to Grant county, Minnesota. In 1870 he homesteaded a tract of land on section 22, Erdahl township, where he has since continued to reside, engaged extens- ively and successfully in general fai-ming operations. Ilis well-improved farm now comprises .■!2o acres of excellent land, and Mr. Olson is one of tlie oldest settlers and most highly esteemed citizens in Grant county. Mr. Olson was married April 1>>, 1871, to Miss Anna Johnson, a native of Norway. Their mari'iage has been blessed with nine children — Gena, Oden (deceased), Malinda, Adolph, Josephine, Odena, Oden, Freeman and Axel. Mr. Olson has been supervisor of his townshi]), sclioul director, and lielil other ofHces of a local nature. ^Ir. Olson, with his family, belongs to the Lutheran chui-ch. In political niatters he attiliates with the repub- lican party. He is an honored member of the Grand Army of the Republic, holding a membership in Ilcynolds Post No. 51, of Alexandi'ia, Minnesota. ,,E)UDOLPH C. BURKHARDT, the gen- JPIV eral landlord at the Cleveland House, at Crookstim. ^linnesota, came to that city in .lannary, ISSO, and since that time has been identified with the growth and pros- peri t}' of the place. The subject of this ])ersonal narrative was born at Marine, Madison count}', Illinois, December 27, 1857, and is the son of Hon. Henry and Elizabeth (Burgher) Burkhardt. Ilis father was a man of energy, industry and excellent business talents, and in 1850, with a view to the betterment of his for- tune, removed to Wabasha, "Wabasha county, Minnesota, where he end)arked in business, carrying on a meat )narket, wiiich he still continues. In the public life of that ])ortion of the State he has been an important fac- tor, having served for live years as sheriff of the county, and was elected, in 1880, to rep- resent the district in the State senate. In 1878 he came to Crookston and ]nircliased the lots and laid the fountlation and plans for the ))resent brewery, operated by Burk- hardt k. Co., but returned to "Wabasha, where he makes his home. Rudolph C. Burkhardt received from his parents full facilities for availing himself of the excellent ediicati(jnal ad vantagesatforded by the place of their residence, and remained with them until 1880, assisting his father somewhat in his business. In the last named year he went to La Crosse, Wiscon- sin, and spent one term in the Commercial College, after which he came to Crookston, and had charge of the books of the brewer\'. In this employment he remained live years, at the expiration of which he inirchased the Cleveland House and end)ai-ketl in his pres- ent business. The hotel is a neat and con- venient one of some eighteen rooms, and has a handsome bar-room and saloon in connec- tion. Beside this property Mr. Burkhardt has considerable real estate in the city, and is one of the solid men of the city in a finan- cial sense. Mr. Burkhardt is an active meml>er of Crookston Lodge, No. 7it. I. O. O. F., and is the district deputv grand master of the order in this place. He was united in mar- riage, June 22, 1882, with Miss I'.ertlia Hoel- ker, of Mazeppa, Wabasha county, this State, and a native of Canada. Tliey have two children — LeRoy and Raymonil. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 435 ^LONZO BRANDENBURG is the pres- 1®^ ent sheriff of Otter Tail county, Minne- sota. He is a native of the city of Dayton, Ohio, and was born on the 1st of November, 1849. His parents were Alpheus M. and Catha- rine Brandenburg, who were both natives of Dayton, Ohio. Tiie father moved to Musca- tine, Iowa, and while there was engaged in the mercantile business and followed the same until in 1S58, when he went to Trem- paleau, Wisconsin. Here he engaged in the mercantile business, in which line he con- tinued for a number of years. He has now retired from active business and is still living at Trempaleau. The mother died in 1881. They had a family of six children, the fol- lowing of whom are now living — Esther, now Mrs. Grover; Maria, now Mrs. Elkins; Mary, Alonzo and Oscar. The younger days of the subject of our sketch were spent in attending school in Wisconsin. After com])leting his scholastic course, he then, for some time, clerked in a general store at Trempaleau. After continu- ing in this line for four years he went to Ivansas where he remained six months. In 1870 he came nortinvard, stopping at Troy, Winona county, Minnesota, where he clerked in a hotel for some time. In the spring of 1871 he came to Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, and at once turned his attention to the manufacture of lime. He burned the lii'st lime at Fergus Falls, and followed that business for one year. He then learned the trade of plastering, in which business he continued for four years, taking a great many contracts for that kind of work, and employing continually from four to six men. He then engaged in selling agricult- viral machinery, and followed that business for eight years, and in 1881 was elected sher- iff of Otter Tail countv. His first term was under the old law and lasted three j'ears. Since that date, every succeeding two years, he has been re-elected to the office of sheriff. Mr. Brandenburg has been a man of consid- erable prominence in local politics, and has been honored in many ways by his fellow citizens. He was the first marshal of the cit\', holding that office for two years, and for some years was alderman of the third ward. In the business improvements of Fergus Falls he has proven himself to be a progress- ive citizen. He has built four dwelling: houses besides his own residence on Cavour avenue. He is one of the directors of the Citizens' National Bank, and is a stock-holder in the Otter Tail flouring mill. In politics he is a loyal republican, having affiliated with that party for many years. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and is one of the solid and substantial men of the city and county. Mr. Brandenburg was married in 1874 to Miss Alice Faber, of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Brandenburg is the daughter of George M. Faber. .^^ «4^^^ M ^ARRY M. WHEELOCK, the local editor of the Fergus Falls Journal, was born at Fredonia, New York, on the 14th of June, 1859. His parents, Theodore and Eva (Jennings) Wheelock, were natives, respectively, of Massachusetts and Con- necticut. The father is now a resident of St. Paul. The mother died at Duluth in 1880. The parents had a familv of two sons — Harry M. and Leland L. Harry M. Wheelock, our present subject, received his education in the Normal School at Fredonia, New York, and at an early age began learning the printer's trade — " the art preservative of all arts." After finishing his apprenticeship he worked at his ti'ade in various portions of the East and West. In 1882 he came to Fergus Falls, Minnesota, and aided in the establishment of the Daily Telegram. For two years he was connected 436 REI) KIl'EK VALLEY AXJ) with that paper, and then in company with Capt. J. D. "Wood established the Democrat. A few months later he became connected with the Fergus Falls Journal, and is now local and associate editor on that paper. From his many j'ears exjierience in active news])aper work he understands the business thoroughly, and is rated as one of the best newspaper men in the Park Regions. Mr. Wheelock was married, in 1882, to Miss .Josephine A. Buck, of St. Paul. [bSEPH B. HODGSON, who is engage^ in the collection and agricultural imple- ment business, at Ilerman, Grant county, Minnesota, is one of the most intelligent and ])est posted citizens of his locality. A genial, well informed and courteous gentleman, he has made many warm friends, and is highly regarded both as a business man and an exemplary citizen. Mr. Hodgson is a native of Minnesota, boi'n in Dakota county, on the 5th of April, 1857, and a son of Thomas [and Charlotte Lenora (Corran) Hodgson. His ])arents were natives of England. They were married in the land of their birth, and at an early day came to the United States, locating at Galena, Hlinois. From there they removed to Dakota county, Minnesota, in lS5-i, and there the father died in 187i. He was a member of the Methodist church, and man of high christian character. The widow has lived in St. Paul since 1882, being now about 74 years of age. Thomas Hodgson and wife were the parents of seven children — five boys and two girls — all of whom grew to manhooil and womanhood — Kate, Susan, Edward J.,Thomas C, "William, James,and Joseph B. Kate became the wife of B. H. Phinney, and died in 1887. Susan is the Avife of C. H. Phinney, one of Grant county's ■leading farmers. Edward J. married Miss Maiy Staples, and is now a lawyer in St. Paul. Thomas C, is a resident of Delaware township. Grant county. He held the office of county superintendent of Grant county for many years, and is now one of the State gi'ain inspectors. "William is an attorney at Hast- ings, Minnesota. James is a lawyer at Ben- son, Minnesota. Joseph B. Hodgson, whose name heads this article, grew to manhood in his native county. He received a good practical education, and supplemented this witii a tlior'ough course at the St. Paul Business College, finishing his studies in ISSl. After leaving: colloije he clerked in his brother's law office for two years and then came to Herman, Grant county, Minnesota, and since that time has devoted his attention to the machine business, and also to collecting. Mr. Hodgson is a capable and careful busi- ness man, anil a gentleman of wide general information. During his residence inSt.Paul, for nearly a year, he was a reporter on the Minneapolis Evenimtj Journal, being con- nected witii the St.Paul department. In politi- cal matters he is a republican, and has always been an active and zealous worker for the suc- cess of that organization. OHN A. HANNAH, a well-to-do and suc- ^'^ cessful farmer residing on section 28, Nisbet township, Polk county, Minnesota, is one of the leading citizens of the locality in which he lives. He was born in Ontario, Canada, on the 11th of April, 1851, and was a son of "William and Charlotte (McDonald) Hannah, who were also natives of the same Province. Both of the parents are now deceased. They had a family of thirteen children, eight boys and five girls — John A., "William, Maggie, Isabella, Dan (deceased), Eose Ann (deceased), Charles Albert, James, Ellen Alice, Henry, Lottie, Allan (deceased), and Andrew Ernest. AVilliam married PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 437 Isabella M. Brownlee (deceased), and is living in Nisbet township with Anch'ew anil Ernest, their sister Ellen Alice keeping house for tliein. Maggie inaniod Alexander Kelley. and thev are livino- in Michi^ian. Isabella mai-ried John liilfer, and tliey are still resi- a\'ing two cliildi'en — Bertie, a girl, and William. The girl lives with James Hannah and the boy is with an aunt of his mother's. John A. Hannah, the principal subject of our present sketch, was reared and educated in the Province of his birth, receiving the same training as to industry and integrity which is characteristic of the race from which he springs. At an early age he began work, and while still living at home for about eight years he worketl in the lumber camps and on the river. In 1877 he was married, and remained in his native land until the following iVIarch (of 1878), when he came to Polk county, Minnesota, and selected a home neai- the village of Fisher, where he has since lived. He took 80 acres as a pre-emption, and a tree claim of 160 acres, so that he has a good-sized farm. His improvements are comfortable and tasty, and the farm is under a good state of culti- vation. Mr. Hannah is rated as one of the most substantial citizens of the locality in which he lives ; he is a man (jf the strictest integrity and is highly esteemed, both as a neighbor and an exemplary citizen. The date of Mr. IlannaiTs marriage was March 23, 1877, and he and his wife are the parents of the following-named children — William J., Mary It., Lottie M., Robert L. and Nettie E. Mrs. Hannah was formei'ly Miss Jennette Brownlee, a daughter of Robeit aiui Mary (Dunlap) Brownlee. She Avas born in Ontario, but iier parents were natives of Scotland. Ig) OBERT J. McNElL is one of the j^J^ leading harness makers of Alexandria, Minnesota. He is a native of Canada, and was born February 8, 1857. Mr. McNeil is the son of Robert C. and Mary (McCallum) McNeil, the former a native of New York, and the latter a native of Canada. Robei't C. IVIcNeil was a harness- maker by trade, and followed this business through most of his life in Canada and in Elk River, Minnesota, to which ])lace he came in 1867. He remained in Elk River for two years, and in 186it canve to Alexan- dria, settled on lands within the village limits and lived there until his death in 1874. Mrs. McNeil, the mother of the sub- ject of our sketch, died in 1875. Mr. McNeil opened the tirst harness shop in Alexandria. His establishment was known from Alexan- dria to Fort Gerry, and for many miles around in the vicinity of these places. People came from tiie fort and from long distances to buy harness of Mr. McNeil, in whom tiiey had much conlldence. JNfr. McNeil continued in the harness business until his death. He enjoyed the (>steem and con- lldence of his fellow townsmen, was road supervisor for some years, and helped to lay out the road running to Hudson township. The father had a family of nine children, six of whom are now living — Robert J., Elizabeth, now Mrs. C. T. Robards; Walter, William, Frank and Cora, the last adopted by Mr. Sims, a leading hardware merchant of Alexandria. Mary died at the age of eighteen and two others, Ijoys, died in child- hood. The subject of our sketch received his education in Alexandria, and after leaving school he worked at the ])rintiiig business for nineteen months for W. E. Hicks, who then owned and edited the Alexandria Pud. He then learned the harness business oC his father and uncle, W. L. McCalhnn, and opened a shop of his own in 1878. He located 438 RED RIVER VALLEY AND his sliop on Main street, from Avhich place he has not removed, but has continued business in the old stand from the first. He purcliased his present business building in 1881. lie has tiie pioneer shop of the vil- lage, his fatlier having established the busi- ness in 1809. Mr. McNeil keeps from two to four men emjiloyed all tiie time, and lias a large business, and also carries a large stock of horse fui'iiishing goods. Mr. ]\[cNoil was married in 1879 to Miss Alice E. Hill, daughter of Lewis Hill, of Alexandria. Four children have blessed this union — Walter H., Edwin C, Edna and Nina. Mr. McNeil is one of the enterprising business men of the village and county, is interested as a stockholder in the Douglas County Bank and Alexandria Manufactur- ing Company, owns over 400 acres of land, and is otherwise financially interested in the welfare of city and county. He is independent in politics, is an Odd-Fellow, and is also a member of the Knights of Honor fraternitv. AMES D. PARK, who follows black- smithing at Moorhead, INIinnesota, is the subject of the following sketch : He is a Canadian by birth ; was born August 24, 184-t, and is the son of William and Ann (Dinwoodie) Piirk, natives of Eng- land and Scotland, respectively. The father was reared at Carlisle and the mother near Glasgow. The father was a farmer anil he came to Canada in 1842, engaging in farm- ing, until his death, which took place in 1870 ; he left a wife and nine children. The mother still lives in Canada, near Chatam, with her son Henry, who is one of the seven children. They are named — Jane, afterward j\Irs. Sutherland, deceased ; Andrew, now in Idaho Territory ; Elizabeth, Mrs. Taylor : Agnes, Mrs. Tiiddell ; Isabella, deceased ; James D. and Henry and John, twins. The father was a drummer boy at the battle of Water- loo. He belono:ed to the Englisli chuich. while his jrood wife belontjed to tli<' Pi-esbv- terian church. Oai- subject Avas raised on a farm, receiv- ing a common-school education. When he was thirteen years of age he went to learn till' trade of a blacksmith, but only worked at it a year with the first man, and then went to Ogdensburgh, State of New York, in 1858, serving full three years. He then worked from that time on until 18r>3, when he retui'ned to Canada, working there until 1866. After spending a short time in New York State he again went back to Canada, remained a while, but in 1808 went to San Francisco, California, where he remained for three years and a half. After his trip to the Pacific coast he returned to Canada, but shortly came to Fargo, Dakota Territory, arriving in 1879, and took a claim of 160 acres. He im))rove(l and resided on this land for two years, then came to Moor- head, where he pui'chased a shop and home residence. He was married, in 1865, to Miss Derretta Weston, a native of Canada, and the daughter of John Weston. Mr. and ^Mrs. Park have a famil}' of eight children, six of whom are now living — Rebecca, Ida E., William, John W. (deceased), James D., Andrew T. and Edward D. Mi's. Park's parents were John and Esther Ann (Pitt) Weston, natives of England and Canada, respectively. The father came to Canada when a young man. When he was married he was doing an extensive business, raising hoi'ses, cattle and grain. He remained there until his death, January 17, 18(;9. The mother died August 3, 1877. They had a family of thirteen chiklren, ten daughters and three sons — Mary, Mrs. Ilutchcroft; Sarah, Mrs. Ilutchcroft ; Elizabeth Mrs. Purnside; Caroline, Mrs. Riddell ; Jane, ^Irs. PARK REGIONS OF MINXESOTA. 439 Kiddell ; Esther A., Mrs. Ranns ; Adeline' Mrs. Froom ; John ; Derretta, Mrs. Park, and Rebecca, Mrs. Hutchcroft. Those deceased are Richard, George and Alice A. The father and mother were members of the church of England and wavo, wealthy, influ- ential ])eoiile, who gave tlieir children a lib- eral education. Our subject is a democrat in his political belief. He belongs to the Odd Fellows, Knights of Labor and Druids, lie is coni- fortably situated, having a fine house on Third street, wliich cost upward of $3,000, and is said to be the best residence on that street. •UCKLEY D. CATLIN, contractor in brick, stone and general building, has his headquarters at Fergus Fails, Minnesota. He is a native of Tioga count}', Pennsylvania, where he was born January 20, 1835. His parents were AVilliam and Sophia (Kelley) X^atlin, the former a native of Connecticut and the latter of Vermont. His parents were pioneer settlers in Catlin Hollow, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. They were large farmers and stock-raisers, and the father lived to the ripe old age of ninety- -four years. The mother is still living in her eighty-eighth year. The father was a democrat in politics. The grandfather was Jesse Catlin, a native of Connecticut, and by occupation a farmer. He lived to be one hundred and four years old, and his wife, Betsey (Ratlin, lived to the age of eighty-four years. Sophia (^Kelley) Catlin was the daughter of Thomas Kelley, a native of Ver- mont and a soldier in the War of 1812. William Catlin, the father of tiie subject of our sketch, had a family of nine sons and four daughters, all of whom lived to mature age. Nine of these children are now living — Wells G., Wright B., AVilliam L., Buckley D., Merrit M., Robert W., Elmira M., Sophia and Menerva H. The subject of our sketch remained at home, attending school during the winter months until thirteen years of age. At this early age he engaged in the lumber business, continuing in that line until twenty-eight years old, tluring a poi-tion of this time being a jobber in the lumber business in Cameron county, Pennsylvania. August 18, 1SC2, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers, in -\vhat was then known as the "buck-tail" regi- ment. He enlisted as a private, and was dis- charged as fourth serjjeant at the close of the war. He saw much hard service, and was engaged in the following battles : Hooker's first battle, Gettysburg and all of the battles before Petersburg. He was in the Third Division. Warren's Fifth Corps, and Bragg's Third Brigade. After leaving the service he came to New York State and en- gaged in farming, which business he con- tinued for four years. Then, in 1869, became to Iowa, stopping at Clear Lake, where he remained eleven years engaged in dairying. In that city he built the Clear Lake cheese factory, of which he was sole proprietor. He built up an e.vtensive business in that line, the factory being supplied by 300 cows, and after carrying on this business for three years he sold out. He purchased village property in Clear Lake and remained there until 1882, at which time he sold out and came to Fergus Falls, Minnesota, in which place he has continued to reside ever since. He has been engaged very extensively in contracting and building, and has run at times as many as forty men and sixteen teams. Mr. Catlin was married February 8, lSfi3, to Miss Diana A. Cook, of McKean county, Pennsylvania, by whom he has three living children — Ella E., Albertus W. and Edward L. Ella E. is now ilrs. J. J. Ken- 440 RED RIVEK VALLE V AND dull, of Winona county, Minnesota. Ilcr husband is engaged in tlie wholesale drug business. She has two sons — John C. and Guy. Albertus W. is now a United States naval cadet at Annapolis, JFaryland, where he lias been for three years. Edwani L. is a student. The mother died in 1S72 in Clear Lake, Iowa. Mr. Catlin's second wife was Laura M. Wells, a native of Fairfield, Ver- mont. Tiiis marriage took place in ISTi, and the wife died ten j'ears later in Fergus Falls, Minnesota. In 1888 Mr. Catlin was married to Rachel A. J'ei'rv, of tiie city of Home, Oneida county, New York. The subject of our sketch is a loyal su])- porter of the I'epublican party, and belongs to the G. A. II., being a charter member of Stanton post, No. 73, Department of Minne- sota, lie built his line residence, Ko. Hi Beach street, in 1884. Mr. Catlin is one of the ])rosperous, progressive citizens of Fergus Falls. J^ETER RAMSTAD, the present register -IL"*' of deeds of Norman county, Minne- sota, is one of the first of Ada's citizens, as well as one of the most popular men in tiiat place, lie made his appearance in the vil- lage in the spring of ISSO, and commenced life there as a clerk in the store of G. S. Barnes & Co., of which his brother was man- aging ])artner. The following year, in com- ])any with his brother, L. L., he put up a store building, and in partnership with him entered into the general merchandise trade, under the firm name of L. L. Ramstad k, Co. They continued tt) carry on the busi- ness until the death of the brother in 1883, after which, the estate being settled up, our subject opei-ated the store under the name of Peter llamstad & Co. In 1885 he gave up business entirely to attend to other duties. During the winter of 1880-81, while the subject of the division and organization of the county was in agitation before the legis- lature, word came to Ada from the commit- tee sent on there to look after their interests, that the name of Wheat was chosen for the new county. This ajipellation not being in consonance with the views of the leading spirits of the village, a few of them gathered together in the stoi-e of G. S. Barnes & Co., and tiie name of Norman was suggested by Anthony Scheir as a more suitable sul)sti- tute. Thisseemed to strike the t;iste of those assembled and it was at once adopted, and the following day a ])etition to that effect was (li'awn uj) and circulated in their store, and l)V niyht had some two hundred sijrna- tures. It was sent to the committee at St. Paul, and the chosen name given the new county, which was ordered to be organized. At the first election tiie subject of thissketch was chosen chairman of the first board of county commissioners, and held that office forthe year. After the death of his brother, Mr. liamstad was ap})ointed ))ostmaster in his stead, and fulfilled the duties of that responsible position until the fall of 188G. Ever active in all that rehated to the home of his adoption he was elected a member of the village council, and at onetime was the chairman of the board of supervisors of the town of McDonaldsville. In tin- autumn of 1880 Mr. Paiustad was nominated and elected to the office of register of deeds, of the county, and entered upon the discharge of the duties, thereof, in January, 1887. Tiie gentleman of whom this memoir is written is a native of Norway, born January 24, 18.")1, and is the son of Lars and Carrie (Wauge) llamstad. His earlier education was obtained in the land of his birth, but at the age of twelve years ^iie left his native home with his ])arents and came to the United States. The family settled in Vernon county, Wisconsin, where Peter remained, working on the farm and ])erfecting his education, until 1870, when, having a strong PARK' KEGIOXS OF MINNESOTA. 441 bias toward a mercantile life, and feeling, intuitively, liis talents in that direction, he coniinonced life as a clerk in a store in Eau Claire. Wisconsin, but, after a year or so spent in that eniploynient, in 1872 returned to the paternal farm and contented himself there until ISSO. "While assistint^ in the agricul- tural ])ursuits there, he took an active and intelligent interest in political niatt(U's, as far as the town's interest was concisrncd, and served as treasurer of the townsiiip and clerk of the school board until lie left tiiere in ISSO. when he came to Ada. ill', lianistad was united in marriage, July 3. ISS-i, with Miss Christine Schriver, a native of Norway, and daughter of Nich- olay and Netta (Iteutz) Schi'iver. Mr. and Mrs. Eamstad are the pai'ents of two chil- dren — Ibsen L. and Carrie Y. Both Mr. and Mrs. Hamstad are commu- nicant members of the Evangelical Lutheran church, and takes an active interest in all religions work. He is one of the present board of trustees of the society of that dcnoniiiiation in Ada. Mr. llamstad is. also a cliarter member of the Knights of Pythias Lodge which was organized in that village in 1SS2. and was connected with the A. O. V . AV. when it had an organization in the place, fie is the owner of a line farm of 520 acres of land, about 350 acres of which is under cultivation, to which he gives his personal attention, besides another farm of 200 acres, all lying near the village. -«-J^^i ^'tSm'-.^-^' jI.E J. QUALLEY, cashier of the First *vU^ National Bank of Moorhead, is one of the most prominent business men in the lied Kiver Valley, and isa self-made man in evei-y sense of that term. He is a native of Wiiniesheik county, Iowa, born May 31, 1852. His parents are Ole O. and Marken Qualley, natives of Nor- way. They came to America in 1847 and settled on Jefferson Prairie, Wisconsin, re- maining for two years and then removed to Iowa, and there engaged in farming until 1881. At this date they moved to Grant county, Minnesota, where the father farmed two years and moved to "Washington Terri- tory, where he is still engaged in farming. The mother died in "Winnesheik county, Iowa, in 1857. Our subject is the only child by that marriage. He spent his early days at home, working on the farm and attending school. He attended the I:i)per Iowa Uni- versity six months; then lie taught school and farmed for a while, after which he at- tended school at Marshall. Dane county, "Wisconsin, for a term of thi'ee months. He also attended the Northwestern Business College at Madison, "Wisconsin, for a year, graduating in 1873. In 187-4 he taught in the college for three months and then returned home, accepting a position as book- keeper at Ossian, in a dry goods house, where he remained till coming to Moorhead, Minne- sota, in 1877. Here he commenced book- keeping for John Erickson, dry goods dealer, rennuning there fifteen months, then accepted a place in the First National Bank of Fargo, Dakota Teriitory, which idace he held for two years and a half, wlien he accepted a position as book-keeper in the law firm of Benton & Darling, attorneys-at-law in Fargo. After ten months with them he accepted a position in the First National Bank of Moorhead as assistant cashier. He served as such one year. The bank had no regular cashier, however, and he did the business of that office. The next year he was duly elected as cashier of the institution, and is still in that position of honor and responsibility. He is also one of the stock- holders of this l)aiddng house. Politically h" says he is a " born repub- lican," but also a strong prohibitionist. He was married :n 1877 to Miss Florence Glat- 442 KKD KIVER ]- ALLEY AND hart, daughter of Mary (Long) Glathart, of Ohio. They are the parents of three chil- dren — Florence M., Mary E. and Earnest D. This worthy couple are members of the First Presbyterian church of Mooriiead. Our subject has bougiit antl traded for land until he now owns 4S0 acres; also has city lots upon which he has built. It is with much pleasure that one looks upon a successful business, moi-e especially if he is a self-made man, as is the case of our subject. He is held in the highest esteem by all, both as an exemplary citizen and as a business man. T^EV. E. J. LAWLOR, the able pastor JP%- of St. Mary's Catholic church, at Crookston, Minnesota, is but a late comer in that |)art of the State, but has already marked, with ids individuality and energy, a portion of the community. The large and handsome church over which he presides, which has a capacity of seating some eight hundred people, was erected through iiis instrumentality and efficient labor. Fatii(>r Lawlor, who is of Celtic descent, was born at Ontonagon, Michigan, April 2, 18.59. At the age of ten j'ears he removed Avith ins parents to Duluth, Minnesota. In 1875 he entered St. Joseph's College, at Ottawa, Canada, where he remained for about three years, but in 1878 matriculated at St. John's University, Collegeville, Min- nesota, from wiiich institution of learning he was graduated in 1881. Feeling called to the ])riestl)ood of his church, he pursued a three years' course in the philosophical and theological departments of his alma mater, and upon the completion of that period was ordained priest, on the '29th of June, 1884. Upon joining the diocese of Northern Minnesota the subject of our sketch was given charge of St. Francis church, at Fisher's Landing:, with the recommendation of his superioT-s toestablish a new congrega- tion aiui ciuirch in the "-rowinif town of Crookston. The con0. Mr. Walters, who is a much esteemed member of Cobham Post, No. 06. G. A. R., of the city, is also connected with the A. O. V. W. and the I. O. O. K. •«--!^i^"^ /^ RIK O. WOLD, a prosperous and \!^ esteemed citizen of Grant county, Minnesota, is a resident of section 12, Erdahl township, where he is carrying on an exten- sive farming and stock-raising business. lie is a native of Norway, born on the 20th day of January. 1830, and is a son of ()le Gun- dersonand Olia (Erikson) Wold, The father, in his early manhood learned the black- smith's trade and devoted a good share of his life to that avocation. The family came to the United States about the year 1862, Wisconsin was the State of their choice and they remained tiiere for the jieriod of about six years, where the father was engaged mostly at his trade. At the expiration of that time, in 1809. they came to Grant county, Minnesota, and located in Pelican Lake townshi]). The father d'ed there on the 12th of January. ISSS, being eighty-two years of age. The mothei- died in April, 1866, In the family of the parents there were seven children — Gander, Erik ()„Mary, Betsy. Ole. and two others (twins) who died in infancy, Erik O, Wold, whose name heads this article, spent his earlier boyhood days and received his education in the land of liis birth, attending school until he was aiiout fifteen years of age. He remained at home with his parents until he had grown to man- hood, learning in the meantime the trade of a blacksmith, which he followed, in connec- tion with his father for a number of years. In 1866 he came to the United States, and for about five years was engaged at l)la(k- smithingin Rock county, Wisconsin. At the ex])iration of that time he came to Grant II PARK- REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 451 €ounty, Minnesota, and located in Erdalil townsiiip. During the following year, 1872, he homesteaded a portion of his present place on section 12 of that township. He now owns 280 acres in tiiat vicinity, has good improvements, one of the largest barns in the township, and is rated as one of the leading aiul most reliable and substantial farmers in Grant county. He also owns some timber land in Douglas county. His presentcomfortable circumstances are entirely - MEYER, resident priest of the Koman Catholic church at Moorhead, Minnesota, is a native of Germany, born in 1853. He was a student in Germany and a graduate from a Prussian gymnasium, in 1873. He came to America in 1874, and at once entered the St. John's University as a theological student, graduating in 1876. He then took a position as professor in tlie university, holding the same two years ; he was then stationed as cha})lain at St. Josepli, Stearns county, Min- nesota, for a term of three years. He was then made resident priest at New Munich, of the same count\', remaining there for five years. At the last nanu'd jjlace he built a Sisters' Convent and repairetl the churcii, by building a new steeple, etc. In 1885 he was transferred to Moorhead, where he has built a Sisters' Convent. He has a parochial scliool with an average attendance of si.xty pupils under three teachers. He has three missions outside of the cit\' proper. The building of a new church at Georgetown is due to his efforts, too. Through iiis personal effort the church at Mary, Norman county, has been completed. He has a membersliip of 11'2 families, lilty of these families belong to the city clnn-ch. Tiie church. Sisters' Convent and school are all located on Fourth street, where thev own eifj^iit line lots. Father Augustine is strict in all church matters, kind, but verj' firm and determined in his convictions and actions. No one can say less to so worthy a Christian woi'ker than "godspeed" in all ins labor in trying U\ elevate mankind to a iiiijher moral and Christian mode of living. It matters not where one goes, they will lind the faithful Catholic doino- his work, and none do it l)et- ter than our worthy subject. -«"J^^-4- J^RANK D. BELL is the efficient and JP^ accommodating depot agent for tlie St. Paul, Minneapolis tt Manitoba line at Barnes- ville, Cla}' county, Minnesota. He is a native of New York State, born in Havana, Schuyler county, on the 9th of October. 1852, and is the son of William F. and Martha A. (Dates) Bell, natives of England and New York, respectively. At the age of six years the sub- ject of this article removed with his parents to Ypsilanti, Michigan, where he remained attending school until he was sixteen years of age. At that period in life he was em- ployed by the railroad company at that place as stationary switchman, being j)laced at a crossing to warn the approach of trains. From this he worked his way up, llrst in the warehouse, then office clerk and head clerk. In the fall of 1875, he left Ypsilanti and removed to West Detroit, and secured work as clerk in the Michigan Central offices, and remained in clerical work until April. 1876. PARK REGIONS OF MIXNESOTA. 455 In that month he removed to Hillsdale, Mich- ii^iiii, where he was employeil as station jigent of tlie Detroit, Tlillsdale I't Southwest- ern lino at tliat place. He I'eniiiined at that town for five years, and in ISSO went to (^hicago, Illinois, whoi'e he was offered a ])osition in tiie Union Stock Yards for the Michigan Central Railroad. Later, he Avas ]iroinoted to the position of chief clerk in the freight depot, and in. the •summer of 1881 removed to Fergus Falls, Minnesota. He secured the position of clerk for Superinten- dent Wheeler, at Fergus Falls, the superin- tendent of the Northern Division of the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Ilailroad Com- pany. He was thus employed until Octo- iier of the same year, and he then removed to Barnesvdle, Clay county, Minnesota. The station building at that time was noth- ing more than a small village depot, and there was little or no business. The heavy emigrations of the \'ears 1881, 1882, and 1883, saw a revolution in the transac- tions of the road at Earnesville. "Where the ti'ains had almost been a novelty, they, at that time, increased to as high as thirty-five and forty in one day. Those who understand railroad matters will recognize the vast amount of work and responsibility devolving upon a single agent in sole charge of ticket, freight and other matters. Our subject proved himself equal to the work, and when the new and commodious depot building was erected, he was tendered the full control of the business. He has since filled the ])osition with satisfaction to every one and credit to himself. Mr. Bell was united in mari-iage on the lyth of April, 1881, to Miss Katherine A. Miller, a native of Hillsdale, Michigan. Mr. liell identifies himself with all matters of a local nature pertaining to the benefit and welfare of his village or county, and has held the office of president of the village board for two years, and took a prominent part in the matter of gaining a charter for a new village, also of creating a new and inde- pendent school district. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Pierson Lodge, No. 169, A. F. Ar A. M. He is a respected and jirominent citizen, a man of the strictest integrity, and is highly esteemed both as a citizen and a business man. In political matters Mr. Bell is a repub- lican. -•«►- -«- tvlDREW HAUGEN. The subject of our present article, although a young man in years, is one of the leading and rep- resentative farmers of Grant county, Minne- sota, having a fine farm on section 10, Elbow Lake township. He carries on general farm- ing and stock-raising (juite extensively', and the general condition of the farm improve- ments speak well for the industry and enter- prise of the family. Our subject was born in the southern part of Norway, on the 20th of Jul}', 1859, and is a son of Iver and Ingebar Haugen. The family came to the United States in 1869, and came direct to Minnesota, settling on a farm in Houston county. About three years later, in 1872, they came to Grant county, and took a homestead on section 10, Elbow Lake township, where they still live. The parents are now living a retired life, but make their home with their son. The par- ents had a family of six children — Halvor, Klemet, Jennie, Bertha, Andrew and Anna. Halvor was a farmer near the old homestead, and died in 1886, leaving a family consisting of a wife and three children, named Gina B., Ida C. and Henrietta I. The last-named died in 1887. Andrew Haugen, whose name heads this article, received his education mostly in Houston county, Minnesota, attending school there until about thirteen years of age, when he came with his parents to Grant count}'. 456 RED KIVER VALLEY AND lie finished his education by taking a course of study at Decoi-ali, Iowa, closing in 1878. He tlien came bade to tlie family iioniestead in Grant county, and lias since made this his homo. The f;irm consists of 360 acres, whicli is well adapted to grain and stock- raising, and a good share of it is under a high state of cultivation. Mr. Ilaugen has taken an active interest in all matters of a public natui-e, and is one of the leading voung farm- ers in the county. He was elected town clerk of Elbow Lake township in 1882, which office he still holds, and has otherwise been closely identified with official matters. -«"J^}^"«- WILLIAM KiSTENMACHER. Among the early settlers of this portion of the far-famed Eed River Valley there are per- ha])s none who occupy a more prominent place than tiie gentlenum, whose name heads this sketch. He is a native of Prussia, Ger- many, born July 2, 1834, and is the son of "William and Bertha (Hoeber) Kistenmacher. He received his education in the Fatherland, and there made his home until reaching his twenty-first year when he determined to seek his fortune in the great repul)lic of tiie West, ■where his efforts towards independence would not be crushed beneath tlie iron heel of a military despotism. Crossing the wild and stormy Atlantic, on landing he came at once to Minnesota, and woi-ked around in various places in the soulhci'ii part of Minne- sota until 1861. The hands of unscrupulous jilotters being lifted against the Government of his adopted country, oui' subject, in the summer of that yeai', enrolled himself among its brave defenders, in Company F, Third Minnesota Infantry. That fall, with the regiment to wliicii he belonged, lie was trans])orted to Kentucky and from there to Tennessee. In 1862 he Avas discharged, for disabilitj', at Nashville, and returned to Minnesota. "When the unfortunate Third liegiment, who had been taken prisonei-siu Murfreesboro's bloody field, were returned to this State on parole, and ordered against the Indians, then en- gaged in massacring the whites, our subject rejoined them and participated in the whole campaign, and was jiresent with them at the battle of "Wood Lake. On his return to St. Paul, his former disability being removed, he went with the regiment, now exciianged, to tiie front in the South. He endured the hardsliips and e.xposure, the perils of the field ;iihI the bullets of the enemy until late in the summer of 1864, when, being seized with the swamp fever, he was iirought to Fort Snelling where he remained until dis- charged in July, 1865. In the spring of 1866, on going to Minneapolis, he there en- listed in the Ignited States Itegular Infan- try and was sent to Newpot't, Kentucky. From there the}' were removed to Rich- mond, Virginia, where thej^ were assigned to Company E, Second Battalion United States Infantry, and while there that city was swept by that dread scourge, cholera. In the spring of 1867 the regiment was re-organized as the Twentieth United States Infantry, and ordered to Xew Orleans; from there to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and served there until April, 186!). At that time the regiment, of which he was a member, was transferred to Fort Snelling ami thei'e he was discharged. Entering the emiiloy of the Lake SuiJcrior Railroad, then in the courseuf construction, he remained with that corporation until its completion, in the fall of 1870, when he went to work on the railroad between White Bear and Stillwater, and w;is employed there until it was finished, about the close of the year. After working on the Northern racitic Railroad as far as (41yndon, he located in the latter place and j)ut up a hotel or boarding PARK REClOXS OF MINNESOTA, 457 house, which he ran for a time. In the summer of 1ST3 lie operated the boarding car for the carpenters and bridge builders on that road until work stop]ied in the fall. In the spring of 1874 Mr. Kistenuiacher was given charge of Sand Hill secti<»n oti the St. Paul ife Pacific Pailroad, and continued in that employment until the fail of 1878. As the trains only ran during the suiiunei' months, he engaged in trajiping in the winters, and traded with the Iiulians. llis cabin was the only one between the then small village of Crookston and AVild river station. Indians by the score would come to his house, and in his absence his wife would trade with the redskins without any fear or damage. In May, 1S7S, Mr. Kisten- maclier purchased a lot in Crookston and, erecting a building, entered into the business of saloon keeping. In December, 1879, his property was entirely destroyed by tire, but with the enei'gy characteristic of the man, he opened in another building before noon the next day, and rebuilt his old stand the follow- ing spring. On account of failing health, caused by exposure while a soldier, in 1886 Mr. Kistenuiacher was compelled to give up business, and is now living a quiet and retired life on the interest oC the little he accumulated throughout an active and bus}' life. He is one of the few men who have passed many of their years upon the frontier, and was through this part of the country previousto the Rebellion. He is an honored member of Cobham Post, No. 90, G. A. R., and a respected citizen of the community. Mr. Kistenmacher was married in ]8()9 to Miss Brigjtta Gallagher, but lias no children. JOHN PETERS. Among the successful and enterprising business men of the famous Park Ilegions of Minnesota is the gentleman whose name heads this article, a lifjUDr dealer of Herman, Grant county, Min- nesota. Mr. Peters is a native of Germany, born on the 15th of July, 1853, and a son of John and So])hia ("Weiher) Peters, both natives of Germany. Tlie fatherand mother of our subject caun; to the United States at an early day, and settled in AVright county, Minnesota, where they have since continued to reside. They are the jiarents of the fol- lowing-named children — Rebecca, John and Liz/.ie. The sulijectof this biographical sketch sjient his 3'ounger da^'s in New York State, where he had been taken when he was one year old. He attended scliool in Chautaucjua count}'. New York, until he was sixteen years old, also taking a course at the college in P>uifalo, New York. After leaving the school-room, he was employed on the I'ailroad for a period of six years. In 1871 he went to "Wright county, Minnesota, with his jiarents. He there engaged in farming on his own account, and after six years removed to Delano, Wright county, and engaged in manufactur- ing pop at that place for two years. In 1884 Ml-. Peters removed to Grant county, Minnesota, where he engaged in the furni- ture business for two years, when he sold out to Wells Brothers. During this time he was also engaged in his present lousiness, and since that time has devoted his attention to the liquor trade, handling all grades of fine liquors and cigars. He has one of the finest equipped establishments in the village of Herman, and is classed as one of the promi- nent business men of Grant county. Mr. Peters was united in marriage on the 14th day of November, 1873, to Miss Anna Loppnow, a native of Germany, and now the mother of the following children — Frank, Lucy, Lydia and Ernest, ilr. Peters is an active participant in all public and local matters anil is an adherent to the ])rinciples of the republican party. While in Wright county, he served two years as the town clerk. 45S /iV;/) icn-l:k' VAIJ.I-.Y AXD JTaMES McVEETY, who resides on section' f^ 12, Iluntsville township, is one of tlie most substantial and successful farmers in the western part of Polk county, Minnesota. He comes of a nationality tliat has furnished Minnesota with many of the most thrift}' and enterprisintr citizens of which it boasts. He was born in Upper Canada on the 2Sth of December, 1821, and is a son of Tliomas and Catliai'ine McVeety. who were natives of Ireland. His parents were among the first settlers in Upper Canada having left their native land while the}' were still young. In their new home they encountere.)- church. He had a family of eight children. The father of tiie subject of our sUetcii is a republican in politics and has become a ])roniiiiont citizen of the town and county in which he lives. He has a family of four sons — Fred W., Charles E., Frank U. and Tri. The subject of our sketch spent his younger days on the farm, receiving a good common school education. He was a grad- uate of the high school of Bangor, Maine, and at seventeen \'ears of age left home and went to Delaware county, New York. In this place he obtained employment as book-keeper and paymaster for a railroad contracting company', in whose employ he continued for eighteen months. Later he went to New York City and con- tinued with the same emploj'ers for another eighteen moths. After this period he was engaged in the general offices of the North- ern Pacific Railroad Com])any, holding a position as clerk in the treasury department. After six months spent in the employ of the Northern Pacific he came West to Minnesota, landing m Minneapolis in 1874. After remaining in that city during the summer he then taught school on the Lake Superior Tvoad durinfT the winter. He turned his attention after this to speculating in Minne- aj)olis and in 1875 came to Fergus Falls, Min- nesota, where the first permanent business was as clerk in the First National Bank. After some months he accepted a position as liook-keeper and cashier for George B. Wright, in whose office he continued for three years. After severing his connection with_ the business of Mr. AV' right he was employed by Henry G. Page as book-keeper and secretary for two years. After this for two years he held the postion of deputy county auditor, this being from 1880 to 1882. In the latter year he was elected to that office and liekl the same for one term. After the close of his official duties he was emploj'ed b^' the Scotch Syndicate in loaning money and buy- ing and selling real estate, which l)usiness connection he still retains. He handles- money for non-residents in different counties in the West. He has held the olfice of city clerk for several terms, and holds a commis- sion as captain in the State militia. He is a vice-president of the Fergus Falls Water Com- pany, and for some years has held the office of general manager of the Fergus Falls Gas and Mill Compan}". In 1877 Mr. Burnham was united in mar- riage to Miss Fannie S. Jordan of Bangor, Maine, the daughter of Joshua Joi'dan. This union has been blessed with two children — Edith M. and Ralph J. Mr. Burnham affiliates with the republican party, and is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity. He is one of the solid business men of the city and county. -««: ^ *-*&■- ^IH'^MOTHY BEACH. In reviewing the Ml lives of many of the prominent mem- bers of the farming community in the famous Park Regions of Minnesota, none deserve better mention than the gentleman whose name heads this article. Mr. Beach is a resi- dent of section 15, Lein township. Grant county, Minnesota, where he has carried on agricultural operations for eight years. He is a native of Missouri, born in Scotland county, on the 2d day of April, 1859, and is- a son of Amos and Susanna (Milligan) Beach, natives of Ohio and New York, respectively. They wei'e of Welsh and Scotch descent, and after their marriage settled in Decatur, Illi- nois, whei'e they lived ten years, engaged in farminii-. Fi'om there they moved to Walnut Grove, Iowa, ami after living there one year moved to Scotland county, Missouri, remain- ing in that locality from 1858 until 1865, engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1861 Amos Beach enlisted in the Second Missouri 460 RED Kn'EK fALLEV AXD Infantry, and at the expiration of six months entered the Twenty-second Missouri Cavalry and participated in active service until the fall of 1864, when he was honorably dis- charged at St. Louis, ilissouri. lie partici- pated in many engagements and skirmishes, includingthe battlesof Kirksville and Pierce's !Mill. The C'onfedei'ute soldiers of that region were very much incensed against Mr. Beach for enlisting in the Union ranks and many times tried to amhusii him ami take his life, and even entlangered the life of Mrs. Beach. While her husband was at the front she was taking care of tlie farm, and while going out one morning to cultivate corn was intercepted by the rebels. She was riding a horse and was commanded to dismount, after which the rebel soldiers removed the saddle, remarking as they secured the horse : '' There, you JOSEPH HANSMAN, leading contractor and builder of Moorhead, Minnesota, will form the subject of the following biogi'aph- ical sketch. He is a German by birth, born August 24, 1852, the son of Mathias and Margret (Kendler) Hansman. The father was a farmer and emigrated to this county, with his family in 1854, settling near the city of Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he took up a pre-emption of 160 acres of land, upon which he moved and there remained until his death. Jidy 27. 1SS7. The mother is now living with our sul)ject, her son Joseph. The family had four sons — Joseiih. Matiiias A., Edward and Michael. The father was a democrat and was a irpi'esentative man of his count}' and frequently held local offices. He was a Roman Catholic in his religious belief and church membership. Our subject, Josej)li, remained at home until he reached the age of seventeen years, receiving a common school education. After he Jeft school he learned the trade of harness- maker, serving for three years, after which he worked as a journeyman for about five 3'ears. He abandoneil that trade and took up carpentering, going West to Bismarck and from there to the Black Llills, where he labored both at carpentering and harness- FAKK KEGJOXS OF MIXNESOTA. 461 making. He followed this for three years and in 1879 went to Glyndon and opened a hardwarestore, which heoperated six months, since which time he has engaoed in con- tracting and building. He built the court liouse and jail at Moorhead, also a large school house and a fine church at Hawley, besides a church edifice at Moland. At this writing (1888) he has just completed the normal school building at Moorhead. He employs all the way from live to thirty-five men, and may well be classed as one of the most prominent contracters and builders in the Red River ValIe\^ He took a home- stead in 1884, upon which he has made good imjirovcments. He has other property, both in Moorhead and Gl3'ndon. He was married in 1879 to Miss Bertha Hanson, daughter of Hans and Annie C. (Johnson) Hanson, who had nine children, four of whom are now living — Mary, now Mrs. Johnson ; Nels H.; Annie, now Mrs. E. Erickson, and Bertha, now Mrs. Hansman. The parents came to America in 1864, set- tling in Allamakee county, Iowa, where they were engaged at farming until they removed to CTl3'mlon, Minnesota, where the father died in 1879. The mother still resides at that place. The father was a republican in his political belief and held various local offices while in Iowa. Both he and his wife were devout Methodists. Our subject and his wife are blessed with three children — Joseph H., Peter E. and Mathias B. In political belief he is an inde- pendent, yet has ever been very active in public matters. ^^LLSWORTH D. CHILDS is a mem- ^S ber of the firm of E. D. Childs & Co., who are the largest and most extensive farmers in Polk county, Minnesota, also general merchants, real estate dealers and grain buyers, at Crookston. He is one of the most honored and respected citizens of that city. He is a native of "Westborough, Worcester county, Massachusetts, and first saw the light, April 7, 1843, in the home of his parents, Ellsworth and Eliza (Marshall) Chiids. He received the rudiments of his education in the schools of the " Old Bay State," but at the age of thirteen was re- moved by his parents to the new countrv of the Northwest. The family settled at Pres- cott, Pierce county, Wisconsin, where thev were numbered among the pioneers who first ])enetrated into that region. On his father's farm our subject passed the intervening 3'ears, until " the boy was sprung to manhood." and was early inducted into a knowledije of the art of agriculture. About the time of attaining his majority, he lost his father bv an accidental death, but he still remained with the balance of the family in that part of the country until about 1873, when he embarked in the agricultural implement busi- ness both in Prescott and in Hainmond, and continued in that trade until the fall of 1877. In the previous spring, in company with James Hill, of Roberts, St. Croix county, Wisconsin, he purchased of the St. Paul & Pacific Railroad Company some 10,000 acres of land, all located in the county of Polk, Minnesota, and returning to his home, sent up teams and men to break up some 300 acres of the land, which were as yet in their primitive condition. At that time the village of Crookston had hardly a population of 100 people, and but very little of the land was as yet taken up in the county. In the spring of 1878, with the return of the season for planting and sowing, Mr. Chiids came in person to look after his magnificent farm, and with him brought all the necessary means of carrying it on prop- erly. His first work was the erection of a house, 26x30 feet in area, one and a half stories high, and a barn with accommodation a62 KI-.D RH'ER VALLEY AND for sixteen horses, and at the same time commenced seeding and otlier work. In the succeedinii' fall he erected two otiier separate sets of farm buildings on tlie place, and, as one of the lirm of E. D. Cliilds& Co., erected a part of what is now the lied liiver Elevator, the lirst one north of Glyndon. In 1880 3[r. Childs laid out tiie village of Carman, on land belonging to the company, and erected several store buildings to rent to parties desirous of doing business in the ])lace, and has always taken a great interest in the welfare of that thriving and enter])ris- ing hamlet. By active business energy Mr. Childs has brought- some 4,500 acres of their large farm in subjection to the uses of civilization, a portion of which is rented out to tenant farmers, and a portion of which is devoted to tame grass. The balance is as yet in pasture. Messrs. Childs & Co.'s share of the grain raised on the place during the year 1887 was 30,000 bushels. During the harvest season they find it necessary to operate some thirteen self-binders and two threshing machines, the latter driven by steam. On their immense place they have, also, 160 head of thorough-bred and high- grade cattle ; 200 head of line sheep, and seventy -five head of horses, most of which are of excellent strains, ^even sets of farm buildings adorn the ])lace in different locali- ties, and on these and their other structures, in various places, the iirm carry about $25,- ■oOO insurance alone. Politically, Mr. Childs has always been a warm advocate of the principles formulated in tlie platforms of the I'epublican i)arty, and has taken an active part in all local cam- paigns. He lias an active, enterprising spirit and one that has stamped his individuality and character to a marked degree upon this ■community. But little desire for office has lie had, still he has been induced to act as member of the council of Crookston. He is also one of the board of directors of the Duluth and "Winnipeg Railroad. ilr. Childs has been twice married, the first time in 18*)"), when he wedded iliss Esther Hamblin, but who was carried awaj!- by the death angel in ISGfi. Appreciating the Divine injunction that "man should not live alone," July 7, 1873, he was united in marriage with Miss Eliza JfcLorinan, a native of Dublin, Ireland, and daughter of T. J. and Sarah McLorinan. By this union they have had four children, of whom three are living — Jesse C, Italiih D. and Iluth E. .^^ «4^^ JTOSEPH GILPIN, of Alexandria, is tiie ' ^ editor and proprietor of the Douglas county Neios^ one of the leading republican newspapers in the northern jiart of the State. Mr. Gilpin is a native of Lockport, j New York, born October -1, 1 842, and a son of Thomas and Elisabeth (Featherston) Gil- pin, who were natives of Ireland. Early in life the father learned the stone-cutter's trade and followed that avocation for many years. At an early day he removed to Canada and became a foreman on the work of constructing the Welland Canal. He died in the spring of 1888 and his widow • still lives in Canada. Thomas Gilpin and wife were the parents of five children — Sarah A., Joseph, Mary J., Eliza and Hannah. Joseph Gilpin, whose name heads this article, received his education in IS'ew York State. He began learning the printing busi- ness at between thirteen and fourteen years of age, and finished his aj)prenticeship at Buffalo, New York. In 1864 he enlisted in ■ Company E, Sixtieth Massachusetts Infantry, and remained in the service for six months, doing provost duty most of the time. In July, 1867, he came to Douglas county, Min- nesota, and took a homestead in Alexandria PARK KEGIOXS OF MIXNESOTA. 463 township. He began improvements and remained there for a time, and then, in ISTC, he traded the place to William E. Hicks, proprietor of the Alexandria town site, for the Alexandria Pod. For iive years he con- tinued the .publication of this paper, when he sold out. On the 1st of August, 1878, he established the Douglas count}' News^ and has since conducted that journal. Mr. Gilpin has built up ;i lucrative business. Tiie ])aper has an extensive circulation and is regarded as one of the most influential republican j(^urnals in the Park Regions. Mr. Gilpin was married in 1869 to Miss Sarah Walker, a daughter of Daniel Walker, of Alexandria. Their marriage has been blessed with three children — William S., Mary T. and Nellie B. Mr. Gilpin has always taken an active interest in all public afl'airs and ever}' enter- prise calculated to benefit either his town or county receives his earnest support and encouragement. He is an honored member of the i\[asonic fraternity and also of the Grand Army of the Republic. ^.^^ /^^"^^LIVER H. PHILLIPS, the editor and V^ix proprietor of the Norman county Herald, came to the Red River Valley in April, 1888, and located at Ada, Minnesota, where he established his paper. He was born in Rochester, Monroe county, New York, July 26, lS3-t, and is the son of Israel and Fidelia (Goodale) Phillips, both of whom were natives of the State of Massachusetts. His pai-ents had settled at Rochester in 1811, wlien that city, which now can boast of its 100,000 inhabitants, contained but two houses. His father was a boat builder by trade, and followed that business in that locality, where he passed the rest of his days, for manv vears. Oliver H. was the youngest of a family of eleven children born to his parents. He was given the advantages of the schools common to that district in its early day, and so fitted himself, that at the age of seventeen he com- menced teaching in the country schools. During the time tliat he was devoting his attention to the instruction of the rising- generation, he did not neglect his self-educa- tion, but giving up his leisure moments to study, recited to the professors of the Rochester University, and during one winter attended the Chirksou Academy. In 1855, having attained his majority, he came to Minnesota, and, settling in the neighborhood of Wasioja. Dodge county, he there took a claim and opened a farm. He remained, engaged in agricultural pursuits in that place, until the railroad passing through the county, the village of Dodge Center was instituted, when he removed thither. He entered into the sale of farm- ing implements, and for some time was the county agent for the "Grange," or Patrons of Husbandry, for the purchase and sale of that machinery. He continued in that line of business until 1876, at which time he bought the journal known as the Dodge Center Precg, of which he was the editor and ])roprietor for three years, developing a natural tact and fitness for the busi- ness, surprising in one having no ]n'evious training. In 1879 Mr. Phillij)s removed to Goodwin, Deuel county, Dakota, in the neighborhood of which he took up a claim, and entei'ed into the meicantile trade in the village. Tills lalter he continued for about a year, the balance of the time he devoted to his farm until 1883, when he returned to Dodge county. On his arrival there he ]iurchased the Dodge Center Indix, and once more occupied the editorial chaii-. After two years' editing and publishing that independ- ent sheet, he consolidated it with the 464 KED lilVER VALLEY AND Kasson Vindicator, and clianged the name to that of Dodge County Record. Tn tlio spring of 18S8 our subject disposed of his journahstic business at that jwint, and in search of a more ehgible site for business, came to Alia witli liis material and estab- lislied the Herald, an active supporter of democratic principles — especially tariff reform. During his residence in Dodge count}', ]V[r. Phillips was cpiite active in behalf of educa- tional interests, and took a prominent part in local politics. lie filled the office of justice of the peace during his residence in Dodge Center. On coming to Ada he bought the building where he transacts, busi- ness, and besides his property in Dodge Center, owns some 500 acres of excellent arable land in the neighborhood of Water- town, Dakota, which is partially improved. Mr. Phillips is a member of the Masonic fraternity, having been made a Mason in Washington Lodge, No. 38, of Wasioja, Dodge county, was made a Eoyal Arch Mason in Tabernacle Chaptei-, No. 18, K. A. M., of Kasson, but was afterward one of the charter members of Eelief Lodge, No. 108. In both lodges he was an active worker and served as worshipful master of both. He still holds his connection with the Dodsre county lodges. Is a member, also, of the A. O.'U. W. Besides the office of justice of the peace, Mr. Phillips has filled most of the township offices in Dodge county, and that of assessor in Deuel count\', Dakota, and has been the candidate of a party hopelessly in the minor- ity in Dodge county for most of tlie county offices, legislature and the State senate, and occupied a prominent place in the com- munity. Mr. Philli])s was united in marriage April 9, 1863, with Miss Marietta Walkup, a native of Chautauqua county, New York, and daugh- ter of Thomas and Amarilla (Andrews) Walkup, and by this union they are the parents of five children, four of whom are livinff. The latter are — George, the teller of the First National Bank at Fergus Falls; Fannie, a teacher in the public schools at the same|)lace; Helen a typewriter and sten- ographer in C. L. Lewis" law office in Fergus Falls, Minnesota, and Harry wlio is in business with his father. -«" «4i.> ILLIAM E. WALKER, the proprie- i^-M. tor of the Crookston j)laning mill, sash and door factory, is one of that city's most active and enterprising citizens. He is a native of Toronto, Canada, i)orn June It?, 1862, and is the son of Walter and Elizabeth (Gibson) Walker. The father of our subject came to Crook- ston from Toronto, where he liad l>een engaffed in the buildinir and contractino- line for years, and, in 1882, forming a copartner- ship with W. J. Bailey, purchased the ground and erected the planing mill where his son carries on business. Mr. Bailey retiring about one year later, Joseph Netzer went into partnership with ]\rr. Walker, and the firm name was changed to that of Walker & Netzer. At the expiration of another twelvemonth the latter gentleman retired, and William being taken into partnership, the firm became that of Walker »t Son. It was operated under this name and style for a period of three years, but in the spring of the current year (1888) the father i-etiring, the i)roprietorship of the establishment passed to our subject. About the same time the latter added the building in which he has his office — a frame structure 20x68 feet in size, two stories high, the lower one used as a Avarehouse as well as office, the second story as a carpenter shop. About the same time was added a dry kiln in the rear of the mill, some 10x30 feet in PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 465 area on the ground. The mill proper is a substantial edifice. 30x60 feet in size, two stories in height. In this building is found all the necessary machinery to carry on the business, and all driven by a thirty- horse-power engine. The institution, which is one of the leading industrial establishments of Crookston, and this part of the Red River Valle}', makes a specialty of sash, doors, molding, general building material, etc., and gives employment to from sixteen to twenty men and boys. Mr. Walker does a general contracting and building business, also, and the firm of which he has been a member, and is tlit3 successor, has put up l)y contract a large number of the better class of buildings in the city, both public and private. In addi- tion to the mill business Mr. AValker is engaged quite extensively in the sale of cedar posts, telegrajih and telephone poles, and tim- ber of a like nature. The subject of this personal memoir is one of the most active, stirring young business men of Crookston, and is rapidly winning his way to a prominent place in the community. Energy, industry and business tact are, in his case, accomplishing what they always have done in this world, and are elevating him to a recognized place, both in trade ;ind social circles. LE MOSNESS, one of the most able and finely-educated attorneys located at Moorhead, Minnesota, forms the subject of this sketch. He was born in Norway in 1843. His parents are Ole and Malinda (Chrestesen) Mosness, who were also natives of Norway. The father is a very extensive farmer in Norway. The mother died in 18S1. They had a family of eleven children, live of whom came to America — Christen, Ole, Caroline, John and Olive. Those remain- ing in Norway are — Malinda, Martha and Peter. Our subject spent his younger days in Norway on his father's farm, and then three years in mercantile business. Wlien he attained the age of twenty-one years he sailed for America, settling at Leland, La Salle count}', Illinois. When there came a call for one year's troops to aid in ])utting down the Rebellion our subject enlisted in the Sixth Illinois Light Artillery, or Han- shaw's Battery. He was in the service eleven months, till the end of the wai-, and was in the battle at Nashville, between Generals Hood and Thomas. In this engagement they were used as infantry. From there they went to London, Tennesee, where they guarded a fort. Our subject was jjromoted to the office of sergeant toward the close of his service. At the expiration of his army service he returned to Illinois, where he engaged at farming, continuing for four years. He then went to Calhoun county, Iowa, where he purchased a farm and remained for two years. After disposing of his farm at that point he moved to Fort Dodge, Iowa, and read law with W. H. John- ston, and afterward graduated from the Chicago Law School, in 1872, and was admitted to practice by the Supreme Court of Illinois in September of that year. He at once commenced practice in the city of Chicago, where he remained for some years. In all, he practiced his profession in Chicago seven j'ears. From that cit}^ he went to Albert Lea, Minnesota, arriving there in 1878. There he practiced for three years, then had his office in Minneapolis for three months. In September, 1881, he came to Moorhead, where he has been since engaged at law practice, and where he has won the reputation of being one of the ablest crimi- nal lawyers in the State. He is also an extensive farmer, having a farm of 800 acres within thirteen miles of Moorhead devoted 466 RED RIVER }-ALLI:Y AND to stock-raising — principally Hereford cattle. The farm contains two large barns, resi- dence and numerous out-buiklings. Our subject has expended several thousand dol- lars in builhe also does blacksmithing of all kintls. Mr. Elg is a native of Sweden and was born February 8, 1859. His parents, Gustaf and Mary (Bork) Elg, were both natives of Sweden. The father is a machinist by trade, in which line he has been engaged ever since he was twelve years old. He is now fore- man in a rolling mill in Sweden. At twelve years of age he commenced work in this line and continued it throughout his life until the present time. The works in which he is now engaged as foi'eman employ between live and six hundred men. In the father's family tiiereai'e twelve living children ; four sons ai'e now in America — Charles, Aaron, John and Adolf. The subject ol' our sketch received his education in his native land, and at twelve years of age, when out of school would work at the blacksmithing business. He continued attending school and working at odd times, until he was fifteen years old, when he went into the iron works where he was emj^lo^'ed as an apprentice. At seventeen years of age he commenced work in an establishment where steam hammers were repaired, con- tinuing in that line of business for three years. He improved his time, and on leav- ing his native land had become a skilled mechanic. On coming to this country he stopped at Worcester, Massachusetts, where he worked in the machine shop owned by Washburn Moen, remaining in their emplo}-^ for eight months. At the end of this time he went to Pennsylvania, engaged in a steel roller mill at Braddock's Field. At this time lie went to Garrett, Indiana, and for six months worked in the V>. & O. Railroad machine shops as machinist. He next went to Elkhart, Indiana, wiiere he worketl as a machinest in the L. S. & M. S. Railrcjad shops for three months, after which he went to Chicago where he remained but a, short time. Next he went to Council Bluffs, Iowa, where he engaged for a month at work in a foundry and machine shop. Thence he removed to Omaha, and after working in the Union Pacific Railroad shops for a short time returned to Elkhai't, Iiuliana, where he found em])lo3'ment in the same establishment where he had worked before. His next move was to Fort Worth, Texas, where he remained a siiort time, and from there to the Southern pai-t of Kansas, where for two months he was employed in the M. K. & T. Railway shops, lie then went to Topeka, and worked as a machinest, in the Santa Fs- shops. His next move was to Creston, Iowa, where he remained a year in the C. B. ix. Q. Railway shops. At the expiration of that time he went to S])ring- field, Illinois, where for three months he worked in the W. St. L. it P. Railway shops, and then he came North and found work in the OuKiha Railway shops for two months. He then found employment in the Manitoba railroad shops at Fergus Falls, and later at Barnesville. His experience in working at PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 467 his trade had by tliis time given him the proficiency necessary for him to proceed alone in this kind of work. So he hired his present phice of bnsiness, whicli was in the year ISSG, and put men to work therein, wliile he continued in the employ of the Manitoba shops until 1887. Since that time he lias given his whole attention to his present business. Mr. Eig was married in 1884 to Miss Jennie Johnson, of Fergus Falls, a native of Norwa\" and daughter of John Johnson. Two children have blessed this union — ^Emma and Oscar. Mr. Elg is a republican in politics, and is rajiidly becoming one of the substantial and leading men of Fergus Falls. He with his ■wife and family, belong to the Lutheran church. He has a fine residence on Vernon jivenue, Xo. 41fi. F. FISK, of the firm of E. Smith & Co. general merchants in the village of Car- man, Minnesota, came to the Red River Val- ley in the fall of 1884, and located in that place, and is one of the most active and enei'getic citizens of that thriving little *' burg."' Mr. Fisk was born in Springfield, llamp- •den county, Massachusetts, December 17, 1850, and is the son of Howard and Emily (Upton) Fisk. At the age of fourteen he left the home of his father, and having, like so many of the boys of New England, a liking for the sea, he entered upon a seafaring life. From that time until the spring of 1877, a period covering some seven years, he followed the "raging main," and as boy, ordinary and able seaman, was ever found at his post. Gi'owing weary at last of the " bounding billow and the springing deck," he bade adieu to that mode of life, and sought upon terra firma the means of exist- ence. For the succeeding seven years, and until September, 1884, he was engaged in mining, chiefly in Northern New York and in Michigan, and while thus employed, by excellent business management and pru- dential economy, he laid the real foundation of his present fortune. On his first appearance in the village of Carman, Mr. Fisk ojiened a hardware store and carried on that business alone, until the summer of 1885. when he added groceries to his stock in trade. In January', 1887, the present firm was formed, and now carry full and assorted lines of the various kinds of goods that go to make up what is called the stock of a general merchandise store. The business is managed and controlled entirely by Mr. Fisk, his partner being engaged in operating the elevator. In July, 1888, Mr. Fisk received the ap- pointment of deputy or assistant postmaster of Carman, his partner, Mr. Smith having been chosen postmaster, and our subject car- ries on the business of the ofiice. This, to- gether with his attention to the extensive trade enjoyed by this popular and esteemed firm, fills up all his time, he having but little leisure to devote to local politics. His ster- ling integrity and native nobility of character have already won him a higli place in the minds of his fellow-citizens and those with whom he comes in contact in the affairs of life. A self-made man, in the truest sense of the word, Mr. Fisk has been the sole archi- tect of his own fortune. Dark have been some portions of it, with hard life and harder fare, but with the rugged daring, born of his New England parentage and training, he has never despaired, and can now look back from his present vantage ground with natural pride. The subject of this memoir was united in marriage. May 8, 1885, with Miss Annie Cairns, a native of the Province of Quebec, Canada, daughter of James and Mary (ifoore) Cairns, of Orinstown in that Dominion. 468 RED JilVER VALLEY AND SJ'fJ^HARLES p. MALLORY. Among the most liighly esteemed and successful lumber merchants of the famous Red Iliver and Park Regions of INIinncsota is the gentle- man whose name heads this ailicle, a resi- dent of the village of Fisher, Polk county, Minnesota, where he is extensively engaged in the lumber business. He is a native of the province of Quebec, Canada, born March 7, 1844, and is tiie son of Caleb P. ancl Maria (Farwell) Mallory, also natives of the Prov- ince of Quebec. The father owned and operated a saw mill, grist mill and farm in his native land, and was one of the prominent citizens in the locality in which he lived. The father and mother of our subject Avere the parents of the following named children — Charles P., Maria A., John C, William N., Albert E. and Edward O. Mallory. Charles P. ]\Iallory, of whom this memior treats, remained in his native land attending the common schools of that region until he was seventeen years of age. At that period in life he removed to Massachusetts, where he remained for about six months, but not find- ing work which suited him, returned to his fathers farm. There he remained, assisting his father on the farm and in the mills for a number of years. In 1803 Mr. Mallory went to Bryan, Williams county, Ohio, and clerked in a dry goods store for one year. During tliat time he had slight attacks of the fever and ague and decided that a more healthy place would be more desirable to himself, so he moved to his old home and helped his father for one year. He then removed to Coaticook, Canada, where he opened a restaurant and operated it until the spring of 1871. He then went to Minneap- olis, Minnesota. He was in ill health when he went to Minneapolis, and for some time could secure no work. At last he secured work in a planing mill, but he found the woi-k too hard for him, anil was obliged to quit after the second day. He had but very little monev and was obliired to pawn his watcli, and with' the proceeds bought a few things and set up a stand at the first State fair held in Minneapolis. With the gains from this venture he redeemed his wiitcli, and tiien remained there seeking for woik. He had paid almost all of his money for Ijoard, and was one morning debating what he could do, w lien the night engineer of a mill told him that the foreman of the; bag factory had just been discharged. Witiiout stopping to eat his breakfast Mr. Mallory made an applica- tion for the position, and much to his sur- prise he got it. lie knew nothing of the duties devolving upon the position, but he ' succeeded in filling the place with more than satisfaction to tiie ein]ilovers. He was promoted from one position to another, and finally reached the highest jiosition in the business. He remaineii with the firm as long as they were engaged in business in Minne- apolis, and when the firm moved he secured work as book-keeper for Witbeck, Potter it Co.'s sash and door factory. He received $40 per month and hired out for one year at that salary. After about two months' work the foreman was drawn for jury service, and did not know where to find a man com- petent to fill the position during his absence. Mr. Mallory volunteered his services, and after talking it over they told him to try it. When the workmen saw a foreman pro tem- pore they decided to have an easy day of it, and accordingly allowed several of the planes to clog and stop, or burn the cylinders out. Mr. Mallory at once stojiped the machinery and discharged two of the men and went out on the street and hired others to fill their places. When the proprietors returiKnl and heard of it from some of the men, they called Mr. Mallory into the office. He expected his discharge, but was surprised when they tokl him that they were pleased with one who would take such an interest in their work PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 469 and business, and that they desired him to remain with them at a salary of $60 per inontli. And when his year was up tiiey hired him for another year at $80 per month. The company' then took a partner in tlie building business, and owing to the bad management they failed, and our subject was again out of work. About that time he received an offer to return to Canada and take charge of a store at a good salary. He decided to accept the position and moved his goods, but after arriving there decided not to take the place, and, after visiting old friends for some time, returned to Minne- apolis. Mr. Mallory then went to a sash and door factory and told them that he would work one month for nothing, and after Avorking that time was hired for one year. At the expiration of that time he was given the position of traveling agent, and Avas on the road until the spring of 1878. He was then sent to Winnipeg, but not liking the idea of staging^ it from P'isher to Winni- peg, settled at Fisher, where he engaged in the lumber business, in which he has since been engaged. During his fii-st settlement there they had a terrible time with the small-pox, it having been brought there by a lady from "Winnipeg. A number of the rail- road men were taken with it, and Mr. and Mrs. Mallory were also afflicted, but by the best of medical aid from Minneapolis recov- ered. In those days Mr. Mallory ran a hotel, and being the onl}' one there made money. He is one of the most popular men in the county, and carries on an extensive business. He has several yards in Dakota, and has a very large one in Fisher. Mr. Mallory was married in April, 1867, to Miss Eva Aldrich, a native of Canada, and the daughter of Asael and Eva (Libby) Aldrich. Mrs. Mallory passed away from the scenes of earth to her final reward in 1871. She was an excellent lady, and left a large circle of friends to mourn her loss. Mr. Mallory was united in marriage, the second time, to Miss Anna Whiteman on the 21st of September, 187-1, and this union has been blessed with four children, three of whom are now dead. Charles is the onl}'- one liv- ing. Mrs. Anna (Whiteman) Mallory is a daughter of R. and Mary (Cheever) White- man, and was a resident of Anoka, Minne- sota. Mr. Mallory and his family belong to the Universalist church. He is a member of Ascott Lodge, No. 45, A. F. & A. M., and Knights of Pythias. In political matters he affiliates with the republican party. W ALTER D. BAILEY, one of the most enter])i'ising, thoroughgoing and energetic business men of Crookston, Minnesota, was one of the early settlers at that point, locating there in 1874, and enter- ing its mercantile circles, and has since been identified with its interests. He was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, December 1, 1835, and is the son of Roderick and Charlotte (Peabody) Bailej^ who were of Puritan stock. Lie received his education in the "old Bay State," and in 1859 removed to Dunn county, Wisconsin, where he was engaged in lum- bering until 1863. During that year, in response to the call of the President for more men to fill up the depleted ranks of the regiments engaged in the suppression of the rebellion, he enlisted in Company H, of the Sixteenth Wisconsin Infantry, and, joining the command, participated in all the suffer- ings, hardships and sanguinary conflicts that marked the campaigns under Sherman. Chattanooga, Mission Ridge, Jackson, all the battles around Atlanta, the seige of that cit}', the grand march to the sea under that matchless leader — W. T. Sherman — all were a portion of his military career, of which he may well be proud. On the ce.ssation of hostilities, in 1865, Mr. Bailey received his 470 RED RTVF.R VALLEY AND discliai'ge from tlie service, and returned to Eau (ialla, "Wisconsin, and there entering into trade, began his successful career as a merchant. The subject of our sketch remained in the last named village for two years, at the end of which time lie closed out his stock, and purchasing a farm near Ellsworth, the county seat of Pierce county, Wisconsin, for two years he was employed in agriculture. Eemoviug to Rush Eiver, in the same sub- division of the State, he there bought a saw- mill and operated the same for some five years, but im]xiir('(l health, caused by expos- ure and hai(lslii])s during his army life, necessitated his relinquishment of the busi- ness. Selling out the jilant, he engaged in traveling and buying furs and ginseng, pass- ing, in the course of his journeys throughout the entire Nortinvest, to AVinnipeg, Rat Por- tage, etc. "While on his way tiirough the Red River Valley he came to Crookston, in the fall of 1874, and found but a small village, but which had bright prospects. There were but two stores there at the time, one of them kept b}' L. Larivere, and that was soon purchased b}^ Mr. Bailey. Again entering into trade he carried it on, in con- nection with his fur business, until 1881. He had also established trading posts located at Thief River, Lake of the AVoods, and at Turtle Mountain from 1874 until 1877, but these he gave up during the latter year, and in 1878 purciiased the farm where he now resides, adjoining the city limits. This place, which contains some 180 acres of excellent land, is under a high state of culture, and is carried on under his con- trol, in connection witii his other business. In the winter of 1881-82 Mr. Bailey again entered into lumbering operations, ten miles south of Northei'n Pacific Junction, on Black Hoof Creek, where he carried on business for two years. During the winter of 1884-85 he commenced contracting for lumber with the Red River Lumber C'om])any. and remained with that corporation for three sea- sons. In the fall of 1887 he entered into a contract with the Duluth I't Iron Range Rail- road Company, to cut off the timljer from their right of way and to get out and place on the ground the ties, telegraph ])oles, etc., on their road between Uulutli and Vermilion Lake, and is at present engaged in that undertaking. He is also the owner of an inter- est in a promising iron mine at Tower, on the Duluth ct Iron Range Railroad, and the owner of a second farm of 320 acres of land within three miles of the city of Crookston. Since coming to to this section of country, Mr. Bailey has been one of the most prompt and ready citizens in all efforts of jiuijlic spiritedness, and ever willing to enter into anything to enhance the interests of the town and county. lie has served as one of the board of county commissioners, and filled that office for two years. He also served as justice of the peace for some time, and in both positions, as well as in several minor ones, reflected honor upon those who had placed him there, as well as gained credit for himself. Mr. Bailey was married June 16, 1856, to Miss Lucy E. Elliott, of Bruce, McComb county. Michigan. They have been the par- ents of eight children — Delmore and Walter D., deceased ; and Charlotte A., Cluvrles D., Benton R., Edwin R., Fay W.. and R. I). -««; -^^ [ens p. JENSEN, one of Moorhead's most prominent and ''busy business"' men, forms the subject of our sketch. He is a general dealer in ground feed, cord-wood at wholesale and retail, and is agent for several excellent lines of farm implements, including the celebrated Mandt wagons and bob-sleds. His place of business is on James street. Mr. Jensen is a native of Denmark, liorn PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 471 February 11, 1852. Ilis parents are Anton and Annie M. Jensen, also natives of Den- mark. Tliey were united in marriage in 1849. Tlie fatlier was a soldier in 184S, under the Danish Government, holding the otKce of corporal. He remained in the service for five years, coming to Amei'ica in 1853, mak- ing the vo^'age on a sailing vessel, being nine weeks en route. He landed at New York harbor and traveled extensively through different States, for the purpose of finding a. good and suitable location. After seven years he returned to Denmark and there remained until 1870, when he went to Quebec, Canada, and from there he went to St. Paul, Minnesota. Here he purchased an ox team and wagon, provided a good emi- grant outfit and started for the Red River Valley country, finally settling in Clay count}', Minnesota, at Buffalo River in the town of Moland. He there took advan- tage of the liberality of the homestead and tree claim acts, securing himself 2-10 acres of land, on which he settled, building and improving the same. He now has come to be one of Clay county's best farmers and stands high in the estimation of his people, who have elected him as one of the supervisors. Politically he is a republican, and, with his Avife, belongs to the Lutheran church. The father of our subject's mother was Jorgen and her mother Marie Catharine Christenson, natives of Denmark. They were the parents of a large family of children. The mother still lives, aged eighty-nine years. The father died in 1853. Their remaining children are Jens 1^. and Jorgen. Our subject, Jens P.Jensen, was reared to farm li fe until ten years old, when he attended high school until sixteen years of age. He then left the school-room and leai-ned the trade of blacksmithing. After two years or so at this, he came, in company with his parents, to America, assisting on the farm, in Clay county, Minnesota, for ten years ; he then procured 400 acres of land, including tree claim and homestead, and set about making im})rovements — built a good house, barn and granary — cai-rying ou a general farming and stock-raising business until 1887. He was one of the very best farmers in that county. In politics our subject is independent in thought and vote. He held the office of justice of the peace four years ; assessor four years, and school treasurer six years. He was married to Miss AlvinaG. Stener, a native of Norway and the daughter of P. J. Stener, who is now the mother of five children — Anton M. H., JMaria M., Henry L., Rodolph and Mabel E. In their religious belief, both Mr. and Mrs. Jensen subscribe to the faith held by the Lutheran church, to which thev belong. «.-; ^^AM OLSON is prominently connected ^^^) with the growth and progress of the farming community of Grant county, Minne- sota. He is one of the thrifty and frugal farmers in Elk Lake township, and resides on s6Jction 26. He is a native of Wisconsin, born in Dane county, on the 14th of January, 1847, and is the son of Ole and Ragnes (Sampson) Olson, natives of Norway. The father and mother of our subject emigrated to the United States in 1845. and settled in Wisconsin, where they lived for six or seven years. They then removed to Winneshiek county, Iowa, and remained there about one year, when they removed t(j Houston county, Minnesota. In 18(j9, they came to Grant county, Minnesota, where they have resided ever since. The father was a farmer through active life, but is retired now. The parents had familv consistint'- of the followins: named children — Ole, Sam, llans, James, Mary, Herman, William, Olena and Johanna. Sam Olson, the subject of this article, 472 RED Kn'ER VALLEY AXD spent his younger da3's in Houston county, Minnesota, and attended the excellent com- mon schools of that State until he had reached the a^e of twentv-one years. He then removed to Grant county, Minnesota, and in 1868 settled on a homestead of IfiO acres, in Elk Lake township, on section 2(1. Since that time he has, from time to time, added to his jiroperty. until now lie is the owner of 320 acres of well-tilled land, and is engaged extensively in general farming and stock-raising. Mr. Olson was united in marriage on the 7th day of December, 1873, to Miss Eliza Thompson, and this union has been blessed with the following named children — Olaus, Ida, Emil, Amanda, Helmer and Freeman. The subject of this sketch is one of the promi- nent men of his township, and he is always an active worker for the welfare of his town, county or State. He is a zealous partisan, and is an adherent to the principles of the republican party. lie has held numerous offices in his township, among which are the following — town clerk, school director, etc. He and his family are members of the Lutheran church, and he is a trustee in that organization. JAMES MOTT is a member of the firm of Evans & Mott, collectors and real estate dealers of Alexandria, Minnesota. Mr. Mott is a native of Dutchess county. New York, and was born December, 18-14. He is a son of Thomas and Caroline (Ilorton) Mott, both of whom are natives of New York. Mr. Mott's father followed the busi- ness of farming in New York State, and in 1856 came to Wisconsin. On reaching Wis- consin he purchased land in Columbia county where he remained, giving his attention entirely to fanning until 1862. He then came to Ohnstcad county, Minnesota, and spent two years there. Since that time he has been in various parts of the State. In 1886 he came to Dcjuglas county, Minnesota, and is now living with his son James Mott. Tiie mother of the subject of our sketch passed from this life in 1874. She died in Dodge county, Minnesota. Thomas and Caroline Mott had three children — Elizabeth, now Mrs. Seward, of Columbia county, Wisconsin ; James, the subject of our sketch ; and a younger brother, George. James Mott received his early training on a farm, and so well did he love his early home that he did not break therefrom until twenty- three years of age, since which time he has been continually traveling. He has been engaged principally in the collection busi- ness m Iowa and Minnesota. In 1876 he located in Swift county, this State, where he enoaged in the collection business. Here he was deputy sheriff for a period of two 3'ears, and was deputy county collector. In 1881 he went to Glenwood, where he remained two years. Here he followed the business of makiu'^ collections and selling agricultural implements. He was the con- stable for the village of Glenwood for two years. In 1883 Mr. Mott came to Alexan- dria, and during the first four months of his residence here sold machinery. He was then appointed deputy sheriff for the county of Douglas, and held that office for five months. Since that time he has been engaged in the collection business. Mr. Mott is the owner of considei'aljle property in the village of •Alexandria, and has a fine residence on Sixth avenue between I and J streets, and owns one-half interest in his office on Main street. Mr. Mott was wedded in 1867 to Miss Abbie Evartts. One child blessed this union, the name of which was William. Mr. Mott was married the second time to j\liss Emma Trank in 1879. They have an adopted child, Annie E. Mr. Mott is a stanch democrat. He has always adhered PARK REGIOXS OF MINNESOTA. 473 to the principles of that party. He is not, iiowever, known as an offensive partisan, but is known as one of the liberal-minded ))oliticians, the number of which is so small. Mr. Mott is one of the leading business men, and one of the ])voMiinent citizens of Alexandria. As was said in the beginning of this sketch, Mr. Mott is a member of the firm of Evans & Mott. At their office is the headquarters of the Northwestern Collection Agency. They have competent and experienced men constantly on the road making their collec- tions, do a general collection agency, and can furnish the best of references. /^^Ll B. LARSON, than whom perhaps \^^ tiiereisno more popular and esteemed member of the legal fraternity in the Red River Valley, is engaged in the practice of law at Ada, Norman county, Minnesota, where he located on the 9th of July, 1886, and has followed the duties of his profession ever since. Mr. Larson first saw the light on the 9th of November, 1860, in Fillmore county, Minnesota, and is the son of Barney and Ingbor (Warren) Larson, natives of Nor- way. He was reared beneath the parental roof, and acquired in youth the rudiments of a good common school education, and which he much enriched by liberal reading and adequate reflection. At the age of seven- teen he commenced teaching school, and for' several winters succeeding he was thus engaged in training the minds of the young, while the summer months were spent in arduous labor on the farm. In 1879, with a natural and laudable ambition to fit himself properly for a higher position in the world, and to acquire the knowledge which the sage has declared to be " more precious than rubies, yea, than fine gold," he entered the State University, at Minneapolis. There the j'oung student bent his mind to study, maste^-ing the classics as well as other advanced branches. After a rigid examina- tion, he was finally graduated by that Alma Mater in the spring of 1884. In search of a profession to which he could concentrate his energies and devote a life of busy activ- ity, he decided for that one so honored in our own country bv the names of Webster, Clay, Daviess, ciioate, Wirt, Douglas, Taney, Lincoln, Marshall and others— the law. With the purpose of fully fitting himself for his chosen life-duties, he entered the law department of the Washington University of St. Louis, Missouri, from which he was graduated in the spring of 1886, and, on being admitted to the bar, came at once to Ada, Minnesota, and established himself in practice. In the autumn of the same year he was chosen to the office of court-commis- sioner of Norman county. He takes an active interest in the prohibition movement, and was nominated by that party for the office of county attorney. Like many others he can not help but see the evils of the rum traffic, and would fain suppress it by the strong arm of the law and the Government. In his religious views Mr. Larson is quite liberal, and attends the Congregational church, feeling that " there are many roads that lead to Rome, and why not to Heaven," as so beautifully said by Montaigne. Socially, Mr. Larson is esteemed in the highest degree, and merits and receives the respect of young and old in tiie community. .-^^ lOHN G. PETERSON, the prosperous ^ and enterprising proprietor of the Lake View House of Barrett village, is a native of Sweden, born at Koisoni, 5s'ovember 15, 1845, and is a son of John and Mary Ann (Mongenson) Peterson, natives of the same 474 jRED RrrEK VAIJ.EY A.\D kingdom. John remained at home, attend- ing school, until he was sixteen years old. He then started in life for himself by work- ing in the pineries and on his fatiier's farm for several years. In the meantime, how- ever, when he was but six years of ago. in 1851, his ])arents came with their family to the United States, first settling in Washing- ton county, iliunosota, where they have since remained, and where the mother now lives, the father having died in 1863. Joiin bought his father's farm in 1867, and con- tinued to resitle there until 1870, when he sold out and removed to Otter Tail county, and " squatted " on a tract of unsurveyed land, anti which proved to be railroad land. He then moved to (irant county and liied on a homestead of 160 acres, on section 4, Lein townsliip, wiiere he remained until 1887, when he built his hotel and o])ened his pres- ent business, still retaining his homestead. Mr. Peterson was joined in mati-imony with Miss Martha Johnson, Jul}' 2, 1867. She is the daughter of John O. and Catharine Peterson, natives of the kingdom of Sweden. Mr. and Mrs. Peterson are the parents of the following children — Reta, Gharles, Axel, Oscar, Anna, Bennie and John, all of whom are living and at home with the parents. Mr. Peterson is a man of integrity, and is highh' esteemed by all who know him. He has held the offices of town treasurer, chair- man of board of supervisors, and also the important position of county commissioner for seven years. -■*-: -»• JOSEPH BEAUDETTE, the pioneer settler of the town of Gentilly, Polk county, Minnesota, and a prominent member of the business circle of Crookston, is a native of the province of Quebec, Canada, and was born May lo, 18i'9. He is the son of Ama- ble and ilary Louise (Turcot) Beaudette, and is of French ancestry. At the age of eighteen he started out in life for himself, going to St. Jolinsbury, N'crmont, where he was employed for some eighteen months at wagonmaking. On returning to his native home he was united in mai-riatre Aujrust 4. 1851, with Miss Ida Chandonnais, anil two months later started for Australia, going to Boston, from which port he sailed on Christ- mas day of that 3-ear in a sailing vessel named the Fanny Hill. After a tedious voy- age, which lasted some four months and ten days, he reached that island continent and proceeding "up-country" engaged in gold diggings for ten months. At the end of that time, in copipany with twenty -eight others, he went to Peru, South America, but, twenty of their number succumbino' to the vellow fever in that country, ^[r. Beaudette started for Panama, on the isthmus. Arriving at that point one day too late for the steamer which had sailed for San Francisco, California, he had to content himself there for two weeks. At the end of that time he went to California, and after spending three weeks at Oakland, across the bay from San Fran- cisco, he went to Grass Valley, on the north fork of the American river. For five or six weeks he was engaged in building flumes, after which he went to work in a quartz-mill and remained in the latter about eight months. Taking a pick and shovel, he next was engaged in mining on French creek, Avhere he met with very fair success in his search for the auriferous dust. Fifteen months later lie returned to his native home by way of San Francisco, arriving in the place of his nativity November 1, 1S54. He was fully occupied from that time on. in that locality, in farming, lumbering and in mer- cantile life for some fifteen years, but in the fall of 1870 came to the United States and settled at Grand Ilapids,. Michigan. Em- plo3'ed in lumbei-ing he remained thei'e until June of the following year, when he removed FARK RECIOXS OF MIXNESOFA. 475- to La Crosse, Wisconsin, where he followed the trade of stone mason until the fall of 1872, at which time he went to St Paid, Minnesota. In the latter cit}' he rented a stone quarrv and was employed in getting out stone for four years. In the spring of 1876 Mr. Beaudette came to the Eed River Valley with some fifteen others, driving a team from St. Paul to Red Lake Falls, Minne- sota. He took a claim of 16 KIl-EK VALLEY AND at Perth, in the province of Ontario, and is the son of Roderick and Ann (Kirkland) Smith. He received his education in tiie land of his birth, and in early manhood learned the trade of carriage making. Quitting the paternal roofat the age of fifteen, hecontinued at that line of business for about eight yea.rs, at the expiration of wliicli time, having made up his mind tiiat in the great Northwest he could have a better chance to push his for- tunes, and coming to the " States," he settled in Wabasha county, Minnesota, where for a time he was employed in tlie district schools. This work proving too tame and monoto- nous for his energetic, active spirit, he finally of sixteen he entered the col- lege at Georgetown, District Columbia, where he remained about a year. The next two 3' ears were spent under private tuition at his home, giving his attention chiefly to civil engineer- ing and drawing. In 1852 he came to Min- nesota, arriving in St. Paul on the 1st of May, when but a little over nineteen years of aee. At that time there wei"e but few settlers in the Territory, and the capital was but a mere village. From there he went to Long Prairie, then the agency for the Winnebago Indians, where he was employed as clerk for some two years. On his trip out to this part of the country he came by rail some ten miles west of Chicago, as far as the cars then ran, and from there per- formed the rest of the wav bv stage. Dur- 480 RED RI'.'ER VALLEY AXD ing the winter of 1853 Mr. Mix paid a visit to his iiiitive land, staging from St. Paul to Prairie du Chion, Wisconsin, and from tiiere bv rail, the track having readied that point. In the aiitiMiin of 1854 Mr. Mix was a]i]iointed secretary to Willis A. Gorman, then governor of the Territory, and removed to St. Paul. In the spring of the following year he was sent to transfer the Indians at Long Prairie to the new agency in Blue Earth county, and in 1856 established him- self as an Indian trader at that point ; but in 1858 received the appointment of Gov- ernment agent at that agency. He con- tinued to hold tliat office untillSBl, at which time he engaged in the chiim business, set- tlino- Government claims, etc. While in this line of business the horrible u])i'ising of the Sioux Indians, that deluged this fair Territory in tiie blood of its de- fenseless settlers and swept away their homes with fire, broke out in August, 1S()2. The country stood aghast at the terrible sight but soon recovering themselves, the people sought means to put down the uprising and take vengeance upon the red fiends. Among others Mr. Mix enlisted in company A, First Independent Battalion Minnesota Volunteer Cavalry, and was commissioned as first- lieutenant. In November of that year he started with the command for the North and West, toward Pembina. At that time the outpost of civilization ■was at Georgetown on the Red Iliver, anii. and SO acres as a homestead. He at once began improve- ments and I'emained on his farm untd 1878, when he purchased a house and five lots in the village of Glyndon, where he re- mained until 1888, when he settled at Ada. Mr. Farmer was among tiie very first actual settlers in Clay county, Minnesota, and it is thought he is the oldest American settler still living in Clay count}'. This was then a vast prairie, with scarcely a sign of improve- ment or civilization within the limits of Clay county. The settlers used to go seventeen miles for mail and provisions, and Mr. Far- mer has several times returned from the postoffice cari-ying a fifty-])ound sack of flour on his back. From the verv first he took an active and prominent part in all matters PARK' REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 485 of a jniblic nature. lie aided in the organ- ization of that county, and was one of tlie three county commissioners, iioiding tlie office for tliree years under ap|)ointnient of the Governor. In other matters lie also took a leading ]mrt. He was appointed president of the Clay County Agricultural Society at the time of its organization in 1872. He taught the first singing school in Clay county at Glyndon and Moorhead. In 1845 Mr. Farmer was married to Miss Martha Locke, a native of Rye, New IIam]i- siiire, and their union has been blessetl with four children, two of whom are now living — Mary W. and Charles R. Mary is now Mrs. C. K. Andrews, of Ada, and is the mother of three children — Wallace F., Herbert T. and Charles li., Jr. Mrs. Farmer's parents were Jeremiah and Mehitable (Rand) Locke. Her father was an extensive farmer. In the family of her parents there were six children, four of whom are now living — Mrs. Aphia Shapleigh, Mrs. Hannah D. Dearborn, Jeremiah and Mrs. Martha Farmer. Mr. Farmer is a republican. The family are members of the Union church at Glvndon. .«« ^^^ JIOSEPH LABLANC, the popular and enter. ^ prising proprietor of one of the meat markets of Crookston, Minnesota, is among the oldest settlers of that city, having made his appearance there in 18T7, when it was but an insig-nificant villao-e with but few inhabitants. Mr. LaBlanc was born in the village of St. Dominique, Canaila, September 25, 1859, and is the son of Charles and Julie (Jodoin) LaBlanc, and is of French ancestry. When he was but two months old his father started for California, and remained in that modern El Dorado for some nineteen years. The subject of our sketcii remained at home with his mother, who raised him, and in 1873 went with her to Rhode Island, where they made their home for some four years. In 1877 the father sent for his family, he having settled in Crookston the previous year, and upon their arrival here, Joseph purchased eighty acres of railroad land near the town site at a cost of $8 per acre. At that time the pop- ulation of the town was less than two hun- dred, and where the main business portion of the city now is was covered with heavy tim- ber. The few stores that the village boasted then fronted the railroad, and there was not a foot of sidewalk in the place or a street cut out or graded. The farm which he bought adjoined what is now Jerome's Addition. The father purchased lOd acres of land near by, and with the family oui' subject remained, assisting his father in cultivating the soil until he was about twenty two years of age. At that time, January 30, 1880, Joseph was united in marriage with Miss Anais Faille, of Clifton, Canada, and, also, of Gallic blood, and commenced farming on his own account. In 1883, in company with Edward Barrette, he established a saloon in the city of Crookston, which they carried on in partnership for about a year, when Mr. LaBlanc disposed of his interest to his partner, and removed to Washington Terri- tory. There, for nine months, he was engaged in the same line of business, after which he rented a hotel and acted the ]iart of '• mine host " to perfection. Not feeling sat- isfied with the country nor his financial pros- pects, he returned to Crookston, and a short time thereafter, in company with J. E. Epton, purchased the meat market of D. Ladner, on Broadway, and embarked in his present business, which under the manage- ment of our subject is rapidly growing into great favor with a discriminating public. The subject of this sketcli is one of the wide-awake, energetic and public spirited business men of Crookston, who have estab- 486 RED RIVER VALLEY A XD lished such a reputation for their town and country. Beside his hicrative and increas- ing business, lie still owns the eightj'-acre farm adjoining the town site, a very valuable piece of ])roperty, ami liis present prosperous condition is entirely due to his own energy, industry and natural business tact. Mr. and Mrs. LaBlanc are the parents of three children — Eegina, George and Artliur. — — «-JSt^-«^ TgrON. HENRY G. PAGE, the president Ja"^ of the Fergus Falls National Bank, at Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minne- sota, is a native of New Hampshire, anil was born in the year 1832. His parents were Hon. George and Elizabeth (Ethridge)Page, natives of Rochester, New Hampshire. His grandfather was David C. and his grand- mother Sallie Page. David C.'s early days ■were spent on a farm in New Hampshire, and later in life he retired from active work, giving himself up to the care of his proper- ties. He held various State offices and posi- tions of trust in the government of his native town and county. Political!}' he was a whig. He reared a family of six children. The latter's father was Joseph Page, a native of New Hampshire. Elizabeth ( Ethridge) Page, the mother of the subject of our sketch, was the daughter of Josiah Ethridge, who was a native of New Hampshire and a prominent man — by occupation a farmer. He reared a large family, and was a respected citizen in the town in which he lived. George Page, the father of the subject of our sketch, had a famdy of two children, of which the Hon. Henry G. is the only one surviving. The parents came to Illinois in the spring of 1855, settling in Carroll county, ■where tliej'^ lived until the fathers death in 1867. The mother died in 1865. He was respected and esteemed by all his country- men, and was honored by them in being placed in numerous positions of trust. He was a representative in the New Hampshire legislature for two terms; was a man of large influence, and was respected in life and lamented in death. We and ids wife were members of the Methodist Epis- copal chuivh, and ilr. Page at all times held im])ortant church offices. Hon. Henry G. Page spent his younger da\'s working hard on the farin, and attendinjj school at such times as he could be spared from the farm work. He attended an acad- emy in his own county and the North field Seminary in Merrimack county. New Hamp- shire. He returned to the farm and later came West with his father, renniining on the farm for some time after his fatlier's death. After his father's decease he commenced in the banking business in Lanark, Hlinois, in which business he was associated with his brother-in-law, Mr. Tan ^'echter. This busi- ness was continued until 1S70, when Mr. Page's health became })oor, and he withdrew from the banking inisiness, coming to Minne- ajiolis, Minnesota, where he spent two years. At the end of tliis period he came to Fergus Falls, Minnesota, and orgiinized the First National Bank of that place, of which he was made president, and Mr. Compton was elected cashier. He continued his connec- tion with this bank until 1883, at which time he formed a stock company and built what is known as the Page Flouring Mills, two miles up the I'iver from Fergus Falls on a i)ranch of the Northern Pacific Railroad. Prior to this date he had, in 1872, built the first flouring mill in Fergus Falls, with R. H. Scott as a part- ner. The surrounding countr\' was supplied with the commodity made at this mdl, and calls for Hour came from exceedingly long distances, much of it being carried tlown the Retl river on flat boats to Winnipeg. In 1881 he was one of the stock company that built the Fergus Flour Mills. In 1883 PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 487 he jnirchased a controlling interest in the Fergus Falls Bank. He has interestetl him- self to a considerable extent in tiie lands of this Western country, and at this writing owns over 1,500 acres near the city. lie raises a large number of cattle and horses and has some good specimens of Ilolstein, yiiort-horn, and Polled-Angus cattle and Hambletonian horses. Mr. Page was married in 1867 to Miss Alice Humphre\', a native of New York. She was the daughter of Horace and Johanna Humphrey. Mr. and Mrs. Page have had one child — Henry G. Mr. Page has held many important posi- tions in the government of his town and county, and has also been honored b}' offices of trust in the government of the State. He has held the office of ma^'or of the city of Fergus Falls for three years; has been treasurer of the independent school board and a member of the same since 1873. From lS7-f to 1879 lie served in the senate of the legislature of Minnesota. In politics he has alwaj's been a warm republican, and, in all the counsels of that party in his county, and in the State as well, has proven himself to be an intelligent and liberal su])porter. He holds the position of treasurer of the Fergus Flour Mills, and also of the Page Flour Mills, and is president of the Page Milling Com- pany. In every way he has been interested in the growth of the city, and has at all times been willing and able to push her interests to the front. Mr. Page enjoys the esteem, respect and confidence of all his townsmen. •♦-f^^*-*- ^gg,. EORGE C. WILDE, who is engaged x[^ in the insurance business i^i tlievillao^e of Carman, is one of the most active business men of Polk county, Minnesota. He was born in the Province of Ontario, Canada, December 7, 18-12, and is the son of Andrew and Catharine (Carscallen ) Wilde. His boy- hood, youth and early manhood were spent upon the farm, and he received a most excel- lent education, laying its foundation in the common schools of his native land, and in the grammar school, and finishing with a full course at a commercial college. He remained, engaged in agricultural pursuits, upon the paternal acres until he was some twenty-six years of age, when he entered a clothing store, and there, for a year, filled the position of clerk. At the end of that time he was employed by a wholesale con- fectionery house as their traveling salesman, and carried their samples throughout his native Province. In 187-1 he abandoned the " oi^'P)" '''"^'i coming to Manitoba, took up a farm near Morris, and during the succeeding twelve years made agriculture his chief busi- ness. During the exciting daA's of the boom in Manitoba Mr. Wilde, in company with a Mr. Nugent, went to Emerson, in that Province, and purchased two farms adjoining that town. By the first of the following year they had their land surveyed and platted into city lots and placed on the market. During the months of January and February their sale of lots amounted to $30,000, and they closed out the balance at a later date, for $45,000 more. This was while he was still on his farm. He remained on the latter until 1886, when he rented his ])lace, and removed to Devil's Lake, Dakota, and there, first, engaged in the insurance business, making that his headquarters until the fall of 1SS7. On the latter date he came to Carman, and now lias charge of this district as special agent of the Minnesota Fire Insurance Association. He is a most active and honorable business man, and thoroughly understands his calling, having given the subject much study, and in the work in which he is engaged is giving infi- nite satisfaction to the company and his 4SS KED RIVER VALLEY AND patrons as Avell as being prolitable to him- self, lie still holds his farm of 320 acres near ^Morris, and retains an interest in 400 lots in tiie town of Emei'son, on which the new Red River Valley Railroad has just built its depot. Mr. Wilde is a member of the ilasoiiic fraternity, having been made a Mason in Iliram Lodge, A. F. and A. M.,of Kildonan, Canada, but is now a member of King Solo- mon Lodge, of Morris. Mr. Wilde was first married in April, 1878, to Miss Eliza J. McLeod, an English lady, and a daughter of James and Grace McLeod, of Canada. She died in 1880, leaving one child • — Lome. Mr. Wilde was again married September 27, 1883, to Miss Ida G. Smith, a native of Forest, Ontario, Canada, and the daughter of Thomas and Hannah (Adams) Smith. By this marriage they are the parents of three children — Thomas E., Edna and Karl J. ^«« -^- T^ EV. SAMUEL H. KING, the pastor of tlie J^^ Presbyterian church at Fisher, Polk county, Minnnesota, is one of tlie ablest pul- ]nt orators in the famous Red River Valley. He is a native of Indiana, born at Fort Wayne, Indiana, on the 28th day of April 1861, and is the son of George E. and Eliza M. (Kraft) King, natives of the State of Ohio. The father was a railroad engineer and set- tled in Fort Wayne, in 1860. The father and mother of our sul)ject were the parents of the following-named children — Samuel H. King, George E. King, Fi-anklin Gorham King, Ida C. King, Edward King and Chailes King. Mr. King, the gentleman of wliom this sketch treats, lived with his parents and attended the excellent public schools in the city of iiis birth until he had attained tlie age of twenty years. In 1881 he entered the Blackburn University at Carlinville, Illinois, and from whicii lie graduated with hig-h honors, takino- tlie dejrree 'of A. B. After leaving tlie college at Carlinville, Mr. King entered the Presbyterian Seminary at Chi- cago, Illinois, and in A])ril, 18S6. graduated from the same. In the fall of the same year he removed to the village of Fisher. Polk county, Minnesota, wliere he took charge of the Presbyterian church. He also iias charge of the Presbyterian church at Marias. On the 30th of May, 1887, Reverend King was installed and ordained by the Red River Presbvterv, and has since had charge of the congregation in Fisher. Reverend King was united in marriage on the 19th of April, 1886 to Miss Gertrude Dorn, the daughter of B. O. Dorn and Lizzie (Riggs) Dorn, natives of Ohio. Mr. Dorn is a com- mission merchant in Chicago, Illinois, to which city he removed in 1882. Reverend King is a man of extensive learnincr and excel- lent abilitj". He is one of the most forcible speakers in the northwestern part of the State, and is universally esteemed and appre- ciated by his acquaintances. He has a large circle of warm friends both in and out of tlie church, and is popular with all. In political matters he is an adherent to the principles of the prohibition })arty. He is actively engaged in the work of the I. O. O. F. of this village, and a memlier of the Sons of Temperance. .«^ ►^^ WDRBERT BARRETT, of the city of Crookston, ]\Iinnesota. is one of the earliest settlers of that place, having located in that vicinity in 1876. A native of the Dominion of Canada, he was born in the city of Quebec in 1853, and until 1870 made his home in the land of his birth, where he availed himself of the excellent educational advantages offered to the vouth of that PARK REGIONS OF MINNESO TA. 489 countrv. At the age of seventeen he emi- jrrateil to the United States and after about a montli passed in Duluth, located at St. Paul. Being entirely dependent upon his own energy and ability for his maintenance and success in life he adopted the trade of shoeniaking, which he followed closel}' for some six j'ears in that city. His devotion to business and commendable industry brought Its accustomed reward and he slowly accum- ulated the nucleus of his ]}resent fortune. In the centennial year, 1870, in company with his father-in-law, Joseph Beaudette, and a part}' consisting of some tliirteen or four- teen otiiers, with over twenty teams, horses and cattle,- -be came to Polk county, Minne- sota, and shortly after their arrival, made a homestead claim in what is now the town of Gentilly, in which subdivision of the county he put up one of the first cabins between Crookston and Red Lake. His wife join- ing him here shortly after he made his home upon his claim until the autumn of the same year, when he removed to the tiien infant village of Crookston, and having pur- chased a lot which fronted upon Roberts street, and erected the necessary building, opened the pioneer shoemaking establish- ment of the place. In tlie spring of 1877 he returned to his farm and devoted his attention to agricultural pursuits with his accustomed energy. Bringing to his busi- ness an ability and tact superior to the ordi- nary farmer, by the exercise of these and the close adherence to the rules of prudence and economy he soon acquired a sufficient competence for all his wants. He is the present owner of a fine store building in the business portion of the city, two fine resi- dences, all of wiiicli are let to good tenants. In 1882 he disposed of liis farm and removed to Crookston. where he has since made his residence, although not actively engaged in the business circles of tlie place. A man of sterling character and impeach- able integrity', Mr. Bari-ett occupies a high place in the esteem and regard of his fellow- citizens, and Avith his family enjoys the respect of all. While a resident of St. Paul the subject of this sketch was united in marriage with Miss Josephine Beaudette, the daughter of Joseph Beaudette, formerly of that city but later of Polk county, Minnesota. By this union there has been born a family of nine children, only four of whom are now living* — Stephen, Jeannette, Arthur and Margaret, all of whom still reside with their parents. ^^. JOHN G. BERGQUIST is an enterpris- ing citizen of Moorhead, Minnesota, and a successful fai-mer and brick manufacturer. He has the honor of being the second one to locate in Moorhead. He is a native of Sweden, born January 11, 1849. His parents are Magnus and Carrie (Peterson) Bergcjuist, of Sweden. The father was a farmer and also worked at carpentering. He died in 1887. The mother still lives in the land of her birth. They were the parents of seven children — Johan- nah, Maea, Mary, Sarah L., John G., Peter J. and Emmie C. John G. and Peter J. are the only children in America, the last men- tioned is a merchant at Fargo, Dakota Ter- ritqry. The parents were prominent people in their country and lived faithful lives, according to the Lutheran faith. Our subject remained at home with his parents until eighteen years of age attending- school and helping his father. He came to America in 1868, settling at Janesville, Wis- consin, where he only remained for a short time and then came to Goodhue county, Minnesota, working on a farm until 1870, when he took a homestead, where the court house and jail now stands, in Moorhead, comprising 146 acres. He made improve- 49° KED Kli'I-.K VAL/.F.Y A.VD ments, including the erection of a log house. He afterward purchased fifty acres adjoin- ing this homestead. He lived there until 1885, when he bought his present place, upon which he built a frame house, filling the walls with brick, thus well providing iigainst the cold wintry blasts of this latitude. He also built a good {iranarv and barn. He started his brick yard in Comstock Place, where he purchased two blocks, in 1S81, and operated the same for two years. In 1883 he started a brick yard on his own place of eighty acres. He makes a fine grade of cream-colored brick and does an extensive and paying business, usually working' eighteen men in his yard. He is a single man, and in his political views is a republican, and takes much interest in all things connected with the count}' and State ill which he lives. As has been stated in the first lines of this sketch, Mr. Berg- quist was the second man to settle at Moor- head. He first stopped with Job Smith, in the old Stage House. He was in Smith's employ at $1 ])er day, and used his oxen to draw logs with which he built his house upon his homestead, above spoken of, giving the same price per day- for the use of the ox teams, which he received from Smith as wages. He has seen the then wild romantic scenes of Moorhead and the great Red River Valley of tiie North changed to a perfect gartlen spot and grain field. Mr. Bergquist has been jirominently iden- tified with the progress and development of Moorhead and vicinity. In 1882 he erected the bank ijlock at Moorhead, and in company witii others erected the building now occujiied by the Cavallin College. The bank block cost about $40,000, and is four stories high — 75x90 feet in size. He also erected a store building north of the bank block, which is now used as a harness shop. He has also built a dwelling-house near the t)avallin College. 'ELIX FOURNET, a wholesale dealer in IL'^ wines and liquors at Crookston, Polk county, Minnesota, came to that place in 1878, and openeil a saloon. This he oper- ated' until the following year when he rented the Central House and became its landlord. In 1880 he purchased the projierty and at once reljuilt it, enlarging and improving it considerably. He carried on the hotel until 1885, when he sold and removed the build- ing, and on its site erected the edifice known as Fournet's Block. This is a handsome brick structure 50x75 feet in ai-ea, three stories high with a basement beneath. Upon the first or ground fioor are two fine store rooms; on the second are oHices, and the third is occupied as the Masonic lodge room. This property was put up at an expense of §15,000, and is one of the finest in the city. For about two years Mr. Fournet was not engaffed in business, but in 1887 he initiated his present establishment in a building which he also owns besides his residence. When our subject came here the population of Crookston consisted of but about three hundred people, and where the block named after him stands was occupied by staniling timber. He has been a witness of the rapid growth of the city, and the settling up. of the surrounding country, and has here found the fortune that he enjoys at the present. He came to this part of the State with but little capital, and his handsome competence is the result of his labors in the community in which he lives. Mr. Fournet is a native of France, born in 1853. He remained in the land of his birth, learning the trade of liricklayer and mason in his youth, until the close of the war be- tween the empire of Germany and France in 1870, when he left his home and sought within the United States a new home. Landing in the City of New York, he there commenced work at his trade and followed it there and in other localities until 1878, PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 4ql when he came to Cniokston and settled as related above, and has been a resident here ever since. The subject of our sketcli and Miss Fiorina Ijertliiaume were united in marriage, in Jan- uary, 1881. lAMES E. O'BRIEN, the senior of the firm of J. E. O'Brien & Co., hardware dealers of the cit\' of Crookston Minnesota, is among the leading and influential members of the business circles of that community. He is a native of Belvidere. I'oone county, Illinois, born May 10, 1860. At the age of sixteen years he commenced to learn the trade of tinsmith, in Belvidere, and remaineti in that place, following that avocation, both as apprentice and as journevman until the spring of 1883. At that time, being impressed with the necessity of a 3'oung man's going West if he would succeed in life, he came to Crookston and engaged at his trade while looking around for a suitable location, where his chances would be good of starting an establishment of his own. In this way passed tlie fall and winter of that yeai' and the spring of 1884, but the follow- ing summer he and D. S. Bi'ay formed a coparUiership, and u ruler the firm name and style of Bray tfe O'Brien put in a stock of hardware, in Crookston. P'or about eigh- teen months they carried on this business, when the subject of this sketch purchased the interest of his partner and the present firm was formed. Tliey carry a large and well-assorted stock of heavy and shelf hard- ware and its usual concomitants, that will invoice from $12,000 to $15,000, and are doing an extensive business over a wide expanse of country. The known integrity of the firm, their painstaking and obliging manner together with the quality and prices of their goods have built up for tliem a lucrative connection, and they enjoy the esteem and respect of all with whom they come in contact, either in business or social circles. Mr. O'Brien is more or less interested in city real estate, and in whatever promises to increase the prosperity and welfare of the people of the community as well as himself. He has been an active and zealous member of the fire department ever since its organiza- tion, and was the chief engineer for one year. -♦- »-^. iJjI^HOMAS A. THOMPSON. Among the ylU most enterprising and respected mem- bers of the farming community of the famous Ked Eiver Valley and Park liegions of Min- nesota is the gentleman, whose name heads this biographical sketch. He is a resident of section 7, Elk Lake township. Grant county, Minnesota, and is a native of the State of Minnesota. He was born in Winona county, on the 7th of December, 1855, and is the son of 01^ and Sophia (Weak) Hinge. They were the parents of eight children, named in the following order — Thomas, Martin E., Alfred, Maggie, Martha, Olavos, Oiiarley, Mann and Beroy (deceased.) The subject of the present article received his education and grew to manhood in Min- nesota. He attended school until he had reached the age of twenty -one years. He then remained at home for two or three years and in about 1878, bought a farm on section 7 in Elk Lake township. Grant county, Minnesota. He has smce remained on this place engaged, extensively ami suc- cessfully, in a general farming and stock- raising business. He is one of the influen- tial and prominent farmers of that section and has one of the most desirable farms in Grant county. He has the best of building- improvements and his farm is supplied with a dense growth of heavy and light timber, 492 KED RIVER VALLEY AND besides tlie beautiful grove which surrounds his buildings. lie has a large barn and a coniiiKKbous residence. His farm (■oni])rises 165 aci'es of good rich land, about eighty cacres of which is under cultivation. Mr. Thompson was united in marriage on the 29th of December. 1S7S, to Miss Caroline Teterson and tiiis union has been blessed with six children — Martha, Clara, Oscar, Josephine. John and Maggie. Mrs. Thompson is a native of Sweden and emi- grated to the United States with her parents in ISCS. They are residing in Grant county, engaged in farming in Elk Lake township. Mr. Thompson is a republican in his political affiliations and takes an active interest in all public and educational matters. He has held the office of justice of the peace for two years, also supervisor for two or three years. He and iiis family are exemplary members of tlie Lutheran church, of which organiza- tion he is a deacon. l^UDOLF WEGENER is the proprietor M^y^ of the Alexandria Steam Brewery. He resides and has his business located in Alexandria, Minnesota. He is a native of Germany, and was born in the year 1844. Mr. Wegener is the son of Frederick and Augusta (Otto) Wegener. Her father was the owner of Frederick Huh in Germany, and was one of the very wealthy men of that country'. Frederick was in the employ of the Government throughout his life. He had a family of sixteen cliildren, ten of wliom are now living — Doretta, Louise. Fredericka, Otto, Rudolf, Carl, Gustaf, Beate, Ilichard and JMargarite. Tliree sisters, with our sub- ject, came to America — Doretta, Fredericka and Margarite. all of whom are in the West. Ml". AVegoner spent liis early life at home, attending school until he was seventeen years of age. Before this time he was apprenticed to learn the brewery business and worked in that line for two and a half years. He then enlisted as a soldier, and spent tliree years in the German army, and was in tiie war between Prussia and Austria. He held the position of corporal. Later he remained at home with his parents for one and a ha If years, ami in 1870 came to America, landing in New York City. From thence he came to AVisconsin, where he worked at his trade in Milwaukee, and for a part of the time in Chicago. In 1876 he came to Minnesota and located at Alexandria, where he built his tine stone brewerv. which isoneof tlielare:est buildings in the city. It covers an area of over 160x75 feet, with numerous additions to this main building. His bottling estab- lishment is 20x21 feet. He owns a fine dwelling near the brewery, where he now resides. He owns much other city property, having j)urcliased two other dwell- ing houses. He also owns a business house at Evansville. He is one of the l)usiest men in Alexandria.and constantly keeps employed eight men in his brewer\', besides others to attend to other lines. He is a stockli<:)lder in the manufacturing companx' of Alexandria, which does a furniture business, and is a partner in the city drug store with Baurn- bach and Morisse, and is at present county commissioner. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and Knights of Honor and of the Order of Druids. He affiliates with the dem- ocratic party, and has for years been prom- inent in the councils of that party. He has often been a delegate to county conventions, and is looked upon as being one of the stanchest democratic politicians in tiie county. He is thoroughly identified with everything that ])ertains to the financial wel- fare of Alexandria. Mr. Wegener was mar- ried in 1873 to ;Mis5 Alartha Ilaysen. of Chilton, Wisconsin, daugliter of Cap. A. G. Haysen. Three children have blesseil this union — Mary, John aixl AVilliani. P.4KA' KF.C/O.VS OF AT/XXESOTA. 493 /^?\\SCAR L. HAMERY, the citj' engineer \i^ of Crookston, Minnesota, came totliat place on tlic 5tli of June, 1879. and lias been identified with its interests and development ever since. In Bergen. Norway, he was born, Novem- ber 19, 1850, and there resided until nine years of age. When but three j'ears old liis father died, and his mother in 1860 came to the United States with five of her seven children, the subject of this .sketch among them, and settled in Rice county, Minne- sota, near Northfield, where they arrived July 4, a sister of the subject of this sketch having married and settled there. Oscar at once found employment on a farm, receiving but a pair of overalls and a blouse for thi-ee or four months' work, and in the fall went to a brotliei-in-law of his sister's. Eeing told to go to school he found the school-house too far off, so made his home with various friends of the family that winter and attended the school. The next spring he went to work for a man who, at the end of the month, paid him half a dollar, the first money he had ever earned, and the first time he had ever owned so much money. He keeps that coin as a relic of those days. P^or a year or two ho worked around amoncr the farmers, and then went to Koi'thiield aiul entered the employ of Dr. Coon. At the e.xpiration of that engagement he went to Waseca county, and \iorked on a farm all summer. In the fall of 18t>4 he went to school in Fai'ibault, and in spite of hardship, poverty and incessant labor acquired considerable information. In the following summer he went to work in a store in Northfield, and l)etueen the time passed there, in the har- vest Held and at school, filled out the time until January, 1807. Having acquired some knowledge of book-keeping, he was then taken into the office of the firm with whom he was employed, and remained with them until they closed out, a year later. From that time until the winter of 1871-72 he was variously ejnploj'ed, and then went to Min- neapolis, and was there and in St. Paul engaged in clerical work for five years, and in the sewing-machine i)usiness. Having, by industry and vital energy, conquered a good education, in the fall of 1877 he com- menced practical surveying and the study of civil engineering, following that profession for two years steadily under a thorough instructor. May 17, 1S79, he left Faribault with a horse and buggy containing, besides his wife and child, a complete surveying outfit, and came to Ada, with a cash capital of $4.50. When he started, on his arrival in the lat- ter place he liad but 50 cents. He started to look upa claim, he found it in the town of Gar- field, now inside of thelimitsof the villao-e of Fertile, and settled there, one of the first families in that part of the country. On the organization of the town in 1S80, Mr. Ham- ery was chosen town clerk, and held that office and that of justice of the peace as long as he remained a resident of the town. In the fall of 1881 he was a])pointed deputy county surveyor, and has since that time followed civil engineering as a mode of live- lihood. In 1883 he removed to Crookston, and that fall was appointed- deputy United States surveyor for the district of Minne- sota, and held that position for nearly four years. In the fall of 1882 he was elected to the office of count}' surve3'or, and held that office for two years. In April, 1887, Mr. Ilamery received his appointment to his present position and was re-appointed to the same in the spring of 1888 Mr. Hamery was married September 12, 1875, to Miss Joanna C. Johnson, a native of Dane county, Wisconsin, and daughter of Thomas Johnson, the first settler in the town of Garfield. By this union there have been three children, as follows — Marv Matilda. 494 RED KIVEK VALLEY J Xr born April 10, 1877; George Thomas, whose birth took place April 6, 1881 ; and Stella Miranda, born March 23, 1887. _^VERY W. HIXSON, who is engaged in ^^ general farming and stock-raising on section 19, Lein township, Grant county, Minnesota, is a native of Iowa, i)orn at Bur- lington, January 10, 1846, and a son of John and Mary (Burnett) Ilixson, natives of Ohio. Our subject remained at home until he was twenty-one years of age, at which period in his life he engaged in fai'ming on his own account for a few years. He then purchased a saw-mill, whicii he continued to operate for about eight year.s, and which he has since retained. In 1883 he removed to Grant county, Minnesota, and bought 320 acres of land on section 10, Lein townshi]), where he has since remained. Mr. Ilixson was united in marriage Sep- tember 17, 1868, to Miss Martha B. Long, daughter of Kendall and Macury (Clarkson) Long. Mr. and Mrs. Ilixson have been blessed with three children — Almont, Eobert B. and Bertha. Mr. Hixson has been a mem- ber of tiie town board for several years, also school director. In political matters he affiliates with the republican party, and is a member of the Farmers' Alliance. He is a gentleman of the strictest honor and integrity, a capable and intelligent business man, and is highly esteemed both as a neighbor and an exemplary citizen. --^ .^. 2TOHN H. GRASS is a member of the firm ^ of Grass, Morrison & Grant, dealers in dry goods, clothing, carpets, boots and shoes, hats and caps, and all those articles usually kept in a retail dry goods store, and is located at Fergus Falls, Otter Tail count}', Minnesota. Mr. Grass is a native of "Walworth county, Wisconsin, and was born on March 1, 1850. He is the son of Antliony and Catherine (Noblet) Grass, both of whom were natives of Alsace, Germany. Anthony's parents were Joseph and Barbara Grass, who came to America when he was twelve years old antl located in Detroit, Michigan, where the father engaged in the manufacturing of boots and shoes. Later he sold out his boot and shoe business and engatjed in farmins: in Micliisiiin, and the faniilv remained on the farm until 1S44, when they removed to "Wis- consin, settling at Spring Prairie, "Walworth county, where they engaged in the occujia- tion of farming throughout their lives. Jo- seph Grass was one of the prominent farmers of the county in which he lived. Both he and his wife lived to a ripe old age and died, the one at the age of eighty-six, and the other at eighty-one \'ears of age. Tiiey were both members of the German Catholic church. He was a supporter of the demo- cratic party. In their family there were four children — Anthony (the father of the subject of our sketch), Barbara, Abbie and Eosabelle. Anthony was reared on the home farm and remained on the homestead until 1860. At this time he sold out and removed to Eacine county, "Wisconsin, where he purchased some two hundred acres of land, and where he is still living, en- gaged extensively in farming. He has a fine farm, and has made a marked success in that line of business. He has many head of fine cattle and is engaged extensively in dairying, selling milk and cream to the creameries. He had a family of nine children. One daughter, Elizabeth, was drowned in a lake when eighteen years of age by the capsizing of a boat. She, with another young lady, was taking a pleasure ride on the lake on the home farm. The living chil- dren are Nicholas. Abbie, Catherine, John II., Joseph, Frank, Annie, Julia and Edward G. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 495 The subject of our sketch was reared on the home farm, receiving his education in the Rocliester Academy, of Rochester, "Wis- consin, and also at the Burlington high school. When eighteen years of age he commenced clerUing in Burlington, Wis- consin, remaining employed in this line for four years. After the end of this time be removed to Elkhorn, Walworth county, Wis- consin, where he had charge of a store for his former emplo3'er, Joseph Cram, in whose employ' he continued for three years. Then, in company with B. C. Drake, he purchased a stock of goods and ran a Ijusiness for one and a half years, and then sold out to his partner. In 1879 he came to Fergus Falls, Minnesota, and commenced business with 0. C. Chase & Co. Finally Chase sold his interest to Mr. Gi'antand the firm became Grass, Morrison A: Grant. The business has been continued under that firm name. In 1S7C Mr. Grass was married to Miss Adella Silvernail, of Waukesha county, Wis- consin, daughter of Peter Silvernail. One child has blessed this union — Charles F. Mr. Grass affiliates with the republican party and is a prominent member of the Odd-Fellows fraternity. He has built up an exceedinglv large business in the line of staple dry goods, and has also made several other fortunate investments of capital in Fergus Falls and vicinity. He is extensively engaged in farming in Otter Tail county, and has made an excellent success in the breeding of blooded stock. In his stables are to be found Holstein cattle of fine grade and form, and on his fields Shropshire sheep and Jersey red swine. In the stock business he is associated with his youngest brother, Edward G., who is at present attending to the management of this business. They have an extensive farm located on the Red river between Fergus Falls and Brecken- ridge. Mr. Grass has been eminently suc- cessful in all his business ventures in Fergus Falls, and has to-day become one of the wealthiest and most substantial citizens of the town and county. He is a thorough- going, energetic business man, and inspires confidence in all those with whom he has business relations. 1^ EV. C. SAUGSTAD, tiie pastor of the J^^/ enterprising merchant in the village of Barrett, Grant county, Minnesota, is a native of Norway, born April 7, 1817, and is a ;5on of Ole Stefanus and Barbara M. Olson, who were also natives of that kingdom. The RED KIVF.K VAIJ.EY AXn father died in 1855 and the mother died in 1856. "When Ole W. was but seventeen years of age lie coininenced tiie struggle of life for himself by securing a position as clerk for a prominent judge in his native land, which position Ole held for ten years. In 1844 he emigrated to the United States, first settling in Dane county, "Wisconsin, where he bought a farm and engaged inagricult- ur;il pursuits for five years, when he sold out and bought 120 acres of land, about eighteen miles from his former place. He remained on this land for a period of five years, engaged in farming but he again sold out, moving to Houston county, Minnesota, whcrt! he ])re-emptied IfiO acres. He re- uiained there for fifteen years during which time li(! had accumulated 280 acres of choice land. After a fifteen years' sojourn on that ])iace he presented his son Ole S. with 140 acres, sold the remainder for $2,500 and removed to Grant county, Minnesota, where he filed on a homestead of 160 acres on sections IT and 20, Elk Lake township, also buying seventy-eight acres additional. He resided on the homestead uhtil 1887, when he purchased 160 acres on section 21 for $900, and 183 acres on section 8 for $1,000. At this time he sold 180 acres to his son Herman for $600, and 160 acres to his son "Williain for $600. Mr. Olson now owns 47r> acres of excellent land, all well under cultivation, witii good, tasty, commo- dious buildings and necessary implements of lnisl)an(lry. In IMarch, 1887, in partnership with E. T. .l(jiinsoii, he opened a store of general merchandising in Barrett, which they have since carried on. Mr. Olson was married July 15, 1844, to Miss Regnal S. Sampsonson, b}^ whom the following children have been Ijorn — Ole S., Samuel, Hans, Herman, "William, Jens, Anna, Barbara, Hannah and Lena. Ole is married to Anna Ingebretson, and lives in Houston county, Minnesota; Anna,formerly Mrs. Ben- son, now Mrs. Hans Helland, living in Elk Lake township. Grant county, Minnesota; Samuel married ]\fiss Eliza Tlioni))son. and lives in (irant county; Jens married Miss Julia Hel- land, who was killed by lightning, and he has since married Miss Bertha Remstad. and lives in Grant county; Hans married Miss Nellie Peterson, now living in Barrett village ; Barbara married Anton Hubred, who lives in Elk Lake townshi]), (4rant count}'. Mr. Olson has been a |)rominent man of his town and county, always taking an active interest in all local affaii's, and h.as held vari- ous offices, including county treasurer, town- ship treasurer, etc. He is rated as one of the most j-eliable and substantial citizens of Grant county, for no man stands higher in the estimation of his neigiibors and the citizens generally. His business methods as well as his official record have been charac- terized by the strictest honor and integrit}'. -*-: ►^. ^^NDREW J. GILSETH, the present effi- p>|[_ cient deputy sheriff of Bolk county and a leading citizen of Crookston, was born in the kingdom of Norway. INFarch 17, 1852, and is the son of Jorgen and Maria i^llanson) Gilseth. "When he was but five years of age ' his parents left their Scandinavian home and brought their family to the United States. Coming directly "West they settled in "Win- neshiek county, Iowa, where the father of our subject died the same year. Andrew remained with his mother iijiou the farm, she having married again, until he had attained his twentieth year, when he startetl out in the world for himself, to battle in life for himself. He found employment in the pineries of Northern Wisconsin and upon farms in Iowa until the s})riiig of 1878, when, with a team, he started from North- eastern Iowa for (Tfand Fork's, Dakota. Meeting with no diihculty or serious mishap, PARK REGIONS OF MINNESO TA. 499 in tliree weeks' time he reached his point of (lestination,and June 8th settled upon a home- stead some fifteen miles from the village of Grand Forks, then a place of no importance. Engaging in agricultural pursuits, Mr. Gil- seth remained upon his farm until 1882, when he sold out and removed to Bellmont, Traill count3', Dakota, where he opened a saloon. This latter business he followed for about a year and then sold out and came to Crookston, witb the intention of purchasing a farm. Not finding anything to suit him, he rented a place which he cropped one year. In the spring of 1886 he rented the farm of Siieriif N. O. Palsrud, but, after farming there a year, came to Crookston and received tlie appointment of deputy sherifl", an office he has held ever since. Mr. (rilseth was united in marriage Feb- ruary 1, 1883, with Miss Eliza Hanson, but wlio was carried away in the arms of death November 10, 1886, leaving him alone and desolate. He is a very popular and efficient officer and enjoys the highest esteem and rcgaril of every one in the community, and takes great interest in the welfare and development of the city and county. ^.^^ JpL ANS P. NELSON, who is a knight of IL-"^^ the forge and anvil, is one of Moor- luiad's i^rosperous blacksmiths, and among the men, who go to make up the bone and sinew of Moorhead and surrounding country, is justly entitled to a place among the biographical sketches of this volume. He was born in Dennuirk, Jul}' 1!), 1856, the son of Nels and Kate (Anderson) Hansen, who were also natives of Denmark. Tiie father is still living in his native land, and working at the blacksmith trade. Their family had seven children — Andrew, Hans, Lars A., Martinus, Nels, Emma and Mary. Tlie father was drafted in 1848 into the war between Germany and Denmark. He also was in the military service during another \var between those countries. Upon the last named occasion he hired out, serving four- teen weeks, for which he was paid $1,000. In that war he received a gold medal for bravery on the field. After that strife was ended he settled on a farm. Both he and his wife were firm believers in the faith taught by the Lutheran church. Our sub- ject's grandfather, on the father's side, was Hans Hansen, and his wife was Mary Peter- son. The husband was a farmer; he served under Napoleon in the Hussian war, lasting eight years. Kate Anderson, our subject's mother, was the daughter of Gens and Mattie Anderson, who were farmers. Our subject spent his younger days at home, helping his father in the blacksmith shop and attended school eight years. At the age of sixteen years he left home and native land, coming to America and first settled at Clifton and Sebanse, Illinois, where he engag-ed at farm labor for six months. He next went into a shop and followed his chosen trade, getting the first year $70 and his board. In 1879 he went to Indiana, and, in compau}' Avith his brother Andrew, opened a blacksmith shop in Benton County. They continued there for eighteen months, when his health failed and he came to Albert Lea, Minnesota, where he again resumed his blacksmithing trade. In 1881 he came to Clay county, Minnesota, locating at Moor- head. He also worked for four years in Fargo. Finally he purchased a blacksmith's shop on Broadway, in Moorhead, and upon the same lot built him a good I'esidence, in which he now lives. He is doing a thriving business and employs several mechanics to assist him. He was married in 1879 to Miss Anna Anderson, daughter of Andrew and Chris- tena (Peterson) Andei'son, natives of Den- mark, who came to America in 1871 and 500 RED Kn'KR \-Al.I.EY AA-D located two miles from Albert Lea, Min- nesota, where they pui'chased a farm, upon which they still live. They are the parents of ten children now living — Peter, Annie, Fred, Hans, Lena, Andrew, Carrie, Mary, Lars and Martin. The parents were both e.xemplary Christians and identified with tiie Lutheran cliurch. Cur subject and iiis wife are the parents of two children — Emma M. and Ida C. The father is, in politics, a sociid democrat, and his religion is that of morality and honesty. -«"! ^RS. P. J. LASCHAPELLE (born ^ti%_ Annie (Jolter), now a resident of the city of Crookston, Minnesota, is one of the earliest settlers in the state of Minne- sota, and was the first white woman known to have crossed the Ked Lake river, or settled in this portion of the Red River Valley. She was born in the north of Ireland, April 20, 1829, and is the daughter of Wil- liam and Mary (Graham) Colter, both of whom were natives of Scotland. Her grand- parents were the recipientsof agrant of land in Ireland as a reward for services during the Rebellion of '38, when they espoused the cause of the Government. After her parents were married sevei-al years and were the parents of three children, they removed to the north of Ireland. "When our subject was about ten years of age she was deprived by death of her father, and a year or so later her mother with her little family crossed the broad Atlantic, and settled in New Bruns- wick, where her two eldest sons had estab- lished tliemselves in business. The faniilv remained in the latte^- ])lace untd some three years had elapsed, wtB|n tiiey removed'to Boston, Massachusetts, but aftera few months' delay came west, and located at Chicago. That metropolis of the West was then in its infancy, and contained in its trade circles but two grocery stores, one for the sale of dry goods and one for the sale of clothing. Three years in that place were passed by the family, when from there they came by stage to Galena, Illinois, and from the latter to St. Paul by boat, arriving in the State capital, then but a small village, in the month of July, 18.50. On the 21st of November, 1851, the subject of this sketch was united in marriage with Dr. Charles L. Vischar, who had been a surgeon in tiie army during the Mexican War, with wiiom siie lived happily for some three years, when he was snatched away 1)y death, leaving her considerable property. She manifested her ability to battle witii the woi'hl at this period, attending to all her own business, buying and speculating in real estate, putting up houses for rent, and doing quite a trade of that character. On the 4th of March, 1870, the witlow Vischar was united in marriage with Pascal Laschapelle, and in the fall of the same year removed to Otter Tail Lake, then a new point on the Northern Pacific Railroad. Putting up a building, she ])ut in a stock of groceries and liquors, which herhusljand ran for her. Indians at that time were quite plentiful in that neighborhood, and one night, in the following Januaiy, while alone in the house, which was in the rear of the store, ])reparing to retire for the night, as it was eleven o'clock, the rear door was broken open and five drunken Indians })re- sented themselves. Not feeling any fear of them, she grabbed a hatchet, that was used for spHtting kindling wood that lay handy, and faced them. She soon found that they wanted to go thi-ough to the store, which, of course, she would not permit. The three elder savages stood awhile brandishing their knives and tomahawks, giving her to under- stand that it was at her peril that she con- fronted them. The two younger ones slipped to the front of the others, and, in their own PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 501 liiniiuao'e, induced them to retire, at tlie same time sliowiiii;- frieiidly feelings for tlie brave woman, wiio so courageously stood in defense of lier property. It seems that these latter redsldns were the sons of an old Indian woman that Mrs. Laschapelle had befriended and they, knowing her, were not backwai'd in her defense. Everything being quieted down, she got lier shawl to go with the Indians to anotiier place about a block and a half distant, where sJie hoped to find her husljand. On lier arrival at the outside of the latter saloon, slie found herself in the presence of a riot or row among a lot of drunken Frenchmen, who were belaboring one another. Bottles were flvin''' throuirli the air and out througii the \vindows,and not feeling inclined to venture in such a place, she preferred to face drunken Indians alone. After standing in tlie snow, with tiie Indians, to see if tiie row would terminate, for more than iialf an liour, she sorrowfully turned away and returned to her own house, accompanied by her copper-colored escort. She went inside, alone, and, closing the door, prepared to watch throuo-h the night. About half an hour had elapsed when she heard a terrible crash and found the front door of the store broken in by the three savages who had made the first attack. Seizing an ax she placed her- self at the doorway, bravely holding the Indians in check. Her dauntless behavior plainly awed them, and after keeping her tiiere in the intense cold foi' an hour and a half or more, quietly stole away. It was reported to the Indian trader by the two younger savages that their companions would have killed her but for their repre- sentation and defense. ilrs. Lascliapelle remained in that village until the following spring, that of 1871, when she opened a hotel at Buffalo River, but the next autumn removed to Fargo and embarked ill the same business, with some 180 boarders, being well acquainted with the railway officials. In June, 1872, she, witii hei' hus- band and niece, came to Crookston with the surveyors of this line of railroad, and, crossing tiie Ked Lake river on a raft, looked the country over. Liking the location she came back shortly after with eleven loads of goods and opened a hotel in the place. This was the principal hostelry in the place for years, but when the road to Fisher's Landing was finished she removed to that ])lace where she again engaged in hotel-keeping. Tiiree years later she returned to Crookston and built another hotel, which she presided over for two years and then gave it up. She is the owner of a block and a quarter in the cit}', five Iiouses, besides tlie one she resides in, Avhich she rents, and two farms of 160 acres each in the country, one of them her original claim made in 1872. For a woman of her age she is one of the most active and well preserved, and attends to all her own business with marked abilit}'^. CHRISTIAN ABERLE is the proprietor S^ of the Northwestern Brewery in Alex- andria, Douglas county, Minnesota. He was born at Wurteinburg, Germany, in 1S40. His parents, George and ]\[ary (Lehman) Aberle, were both natives of Germany. The fatlier was an extensive farmer in his native country. The mother died at her home in Germany in 1864. In 1878 the father came to America and is now living with his daughter in Wisconsin. They had a family of seven children, six of whom are now liv- ing — George, Andrew, Fred, Christina, Mar}^ and Ciiristian. Christian Aberle was reared on the home farm in Germany, and attended school until he was sixteen years old. At this time he commenced a five years' service in the brewerv trade. At the end of these five 502 RED KTTBR VA IJ.EY A XD years he served as a soldier for three years. In 1874 he migrated to America, finding a location in Pierce county, "Wisconsin, wliere he worked at his trade one year. At the end of this time he came to Alexandria, Minne- sota, and opened a grocery store, in Avhich business he continued for five years. At this time he built his present brewery, which is a building of the following dimensions: 28x70, 28x80, 38x42, 18x40, and 24x24 feet, all in one building, finely finished and painted. He does an extensive business, keeps four men in his employ, and ships beer of his manufacture East, West, Korth and South. Mr. Aberle has other interests in which lie is en^affed. He owns a saloon building and has other valuable property' in the city. He owns and runs 360 acres of farming land. In politics Mr. Aberle is a democrat and belongs to the order of Druids. He is one of the solid, substantial business men of the city and county. He was mar- ried in 1877 to Miss Dora Wasner, of Ger- many, by whom he has had five children — Fred A., Paulina, Caroline, Millie and Clara. /^^MERY D. NORTH, until recently en- >te^ gaged in farming at Glyndon village, Clay county, Minnesota, but now a resident of Moorhead, is a native of New York. He was born in Milford, Otsego county, New York, April 10. 183G, and is a son of Germain North. His parents were natives of the Empire State. The father, who was (iiigaged in farming, came to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he remained until tiie time of his death in 1867. The mother died in 1841 ; she was the mother of three boys and three girls — Daniel, Rebecca, William, Maiy, Hannah and Emery. The father of Germain North was Daniel North, one of the earliest settlers of Clarksvilie, Otsego county. New York. Pie was a dealer in horses, and he would drive them from Otsego county to New York City, the horse market at that time. The subject of this biographical sketch remained on the home farm, attending the common schools until he was twenty years of age. In 1856 he came to St. Paul, Min- nesota, where he worked on a farm until the outbreak of the Civil War. He enlisted in Company K, Eighth Minnesota Infantrv, and served three years, .wiien he was honorably discharged. During the three years he never lost a day, and although in many brisk engagements he received no wounii. He was with General Sully, in tiie expedition in Montana, through the Bad Lands, two years in the Indian War, tlien in the fall of 1864 in the South at Nashville, Murfreesboro, etc. After his discharge he returned to t St. Paul. Minnesota, and again eno-aj^ed m farming, remaining there until 1868. In 1868 he was employed by the Government to take charge of a Government farm at Red Cleft Agency, which position he occupied for two 3'ears. In 1870 he came to Clay county, Minnesota, where he took a homestead of 160 acres in Morland township and at once began improvements. He soon S(jld this farm, and in 1875 took another liomestead of 160 acres and also a tree claim of a like number of acres. He resided in Glyndon village but carried on liis farm. In 1888 he removed to Moorhead where lie still lives. He is engaged in the dairy or milk business. Mr. North has held the numerous offices while at Glyndon village, including super- visor, and at one time chairman of tiiat Ijody. assessor, and is the superintendent of the stock department of tlie Cla\' County Fair Association. Mr. North was united in marriage in 1863 to Miss Isalielle ^IcKinlev, a native of Balti- more, Maryland, and tlie daughter of George and Margarette (McDonald) McKinley, natives of Scotland, who emigrated to this countr}' m 1848 and settled in Baltimore. PARK KF.GIOyS OF Af/X.VKSO'J.I. 503 In 1856 they came to Minnesota and settled in Goodhue county, where the father took a lioniostead. on wliicli the parents remained until the time of tlieir death, the mother dying in 1868 and the father in 1887. There were eleven children in Mrs. North's family. Mr. and Mrs. North are the parents of three ciiildren — Walter S., George C. and "Will- iam M., all living at home with their parents exce])t George, who is now a reporter on the Chicago 'Times, but formerly of the St. Paul Glohe. The family are exemplary members of the Union church. Mr. North is i-epub- lican in his political views, and is one of the active and prominent men of Clay county'. He is a member of the Grand Army of the liepublic. BELOS JACOBUS, the efficient presi- dent and general manager of the Crookston Water Works and Light Com- pany, is probably one of the best and most widely known citizens in this part of the Eed River Valley. Since the con- struction of the telegraph lines in 1872, of which work he had the charge and superin- tendence, he has been connected with the valley and its public interests, in some capacity or other. A slight sketch of this gentleman is within the scope of this work, and is hereby given. Mr. Jacobus is a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, and was born April 20, 1850. When he was about four or live years of age his parents, Henry A. and Margaret (Jennor) Jacobus, removed to Crawford count}', Wis- consin, which was then close to the frontier, and among the rugged hills and bluffs of that portion of the Badger State, took up a claim and commenced farming. There the subject of this memoir passed his early youth and received the elements of his education in the district schools of the county. The War of the Rebellion broke out, and the boj'ish mind of our subject became filled with patriotism and zeal for his native country. The high and honorable feelings that animated him grew with him as -the war was lengthened out, and finally, in the winter of 18G4, being then but little over fourteen years of age, he decided to enlist among the brave defenders of the countrJ^ Truly appreciating the fact of his parents objecting to his " going to the front," he took " French leave " of home, and buckling on his skates, sped on "Hying steel" to Prairie du Chien, the seat of justice of Crawford county, on the frozen bosom of the mighty Mississippi river. On his arrival in that town he enlisted as a volunteer in Company D, Forty-eighth Wisconsin Infantry. His age and size not being up to the standard he was mustered into the service as drummer. All this time his parents knew not what had become of him, until he sent them the mone}' he had receiveii as bount}^ and a photograph of himself in uniform. His father at once started to Milwaukee, where the regiment then lay, to have his son re- leased, but arrived too late to effect any- thing, and a short time thereafter himself enlisted in the same regiment and was assigned as sergeant in Company I. The subject of this sketch served with the regi- ment in the States of Missouri and Arkansas, and participated in all the hardships and perils of the fratricidal strife that brought sorrow to so many households throughout our own fair land. On the expiration of the hostilities between the two sections of the country, Delos, with the regiment, was trans- ferred to the frontier and remained in the service until Februar\', 1866, when he was discharged and returned to his boyhood's home. In the fall of 1866 he entered the employ of the Mississippi Valley Tele- graph Company, and served for some 504 RED RIVER VALLEY AND 3'ears as lineman, constructor or operator. In the capacity of constructor of the tele- grai)h line he first visited the Ked Eiver Valley in 1872, and the following year was in fhe employ of the Northern Pacific Rail- road Company and located at Bismarck. In September, 1873, J. P. Farley, the receiver of the St. Paul and Pacific Hailroad, employed him to take charge of the repairing of that road from Glyndon north. Mr. Jacobus had, for his accommodation and as a telegraph office, a cabin on a fiat car, but on reaching Croolcston had the house taken off, and, with two others like it, set up in the village, in whicli he resided some five years. He took charge of the raili'oad company's busin(>ss at this point and acted in the capacity of agent here for some years. On account of the heavy snou's no trains were then run' during the winter months, so the citizens of Crook- ston, procuring the trucks from a disabled flat car further up the track, fitted them up with a platform and, rigging it with sails, would run down the road as far as Glyndon whenever necessary. They nlso I'igged a handcar in the same manner, and made many flying trips with it for freight and passengers. These sail cars were also continued every Avinter until 1877. Mr. Jacobus, during the winter of 1873-74, got out 1,750 cords of wood for the railroad com}mny and delivered on the track. In August, 1S75, the railroad company havingde- cided to construct the road to Fisher's Land- ing on the river, he was sent to Winnipeg for men. Forty-five days later tiie first train was run over the track. IMr. Jacobus remained with the railroad company until the spring of 1879, when he entered into the lumber busi- ness. Previous to this, however, in the spring of 1874 he was appointed deputy United States marshal, and was the firm o]iponent to the sale of liquor to Indians as required by law. He was the first to engage in the sale of lum- ber, flour and feed and farm machinery in the county, and was a member of the first school board and first village conned. In the spring of 1880 he was appointed appraiser of school, internal impi'ovement and university'- lands, which office he held for two years. In the fail of 1882 he was a])pointed to fill the position of postmaster of Crookston, and served the jieople in that capacity until the spring of 1885. In the early part of 1882 ]\Ir. Jacobus put in tlie telephone system in the city, commencing Avith some fi ft \'two instru- ments, and in the fall of 1883 extended the line to lied Laki; Falls. He put in tlie elec- tric light system in the latter part of 1884. He, with Iv. D. Chase, who owned the watei' power, formed a stock company, which pui-- cliased the city water works and materially improved the latter, putting in the Holly sys- tem, and operates it in connection witii the electric lights. Of this comj)any Mr. Jaco- bus now owns the controlling interest. Mr. Jacobus was married August 0, 1877, to Miss Margaret Poss, who had come to Crookston from Edinburgh, Scotland, a year or so previous. Three children have blessed their union. -<5«- —<►► p^,EORGE ARNESON, who is engaged ^^A in business at Barrett, Grant county, Minnesota, was born in Norway, Mai-cii 8, 1851. He renuiined at home with his ])ar- ents, Jens and Cecelia (Gjertson) Arneson, attendiu"' school until he was old enouage in manual ialior. He secured a' clerkship in his father's store, at which he worked until about twenty years of age. At that age he engaged in the mercantde business for himself in Bergen, Norway, and continued in that until 1882, wiien he sokl out and emigrated to the United States. He settled in Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, where he worked out for some few months. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA, 505 then secured tlie position of boolv-kee])ei' for Joimson Ar Dalii, liardwai'e merchants, in Fergus Falls, Minnesota. In about six niontlis he went to Rothsay, Minnesota, and for the next eighteen months was employed as booli-keeper for Stordock & Peterson. He next moved to Esby, and was occupied in a similar employment for S. C. England. He worked for him about nineteen months, and at the expiration of tliat time he came to iJarrett, and put in a full stock of general merclumdise for himself. Mr. Arneson was united in marriage June 13, 1871, to Miss Olivia Johanneson, and this union has been blessed witli the follow- ing childi-en — James, Stephen, Oscar, Marga- ret, Gerhard L.^ Alexander and Carl J. Mr. Arneson has held the office of post- master since 1886. He is a careful and cap- able business man, and his upright dealing and honorable business methods have won him an extensive trade. -«- -^^ H. LOCKEN, the senior member of the general merchandise firm of J. H. & A- Locken, of the citj' of Crookston, Minne- sota, came to the Red River Valley during the summer of 1879, and purchased a farm. He, however, did not make a permanent settlement here until the foUowingyear, since which time he has made this county his home. Viw Locken was i>orn in the kingdom of Norway in 1S.54-, and is the son of Haagen and Maiit Locken. He received in his native land the education that all in that land are aflforded, for it is the boast of that far away country that her schools are the l)eer of any in Europe, and that nearly all of its people can read and write. At the age of nineteen he determined to leave the land of his l)irth, and seek in the New "World the Fortune denied in the home of iiis fore- fathers. Crossing the tempestuous Atlantic, he landed in the United States, and coming direct to Reed's LandingyMinnesota, was a resident of that part of the State until 1879, when he came to Polk county, and, liking the country, purchased a farm in Eoome township. On returning heie in 1880 he settled on his place and carried on agricult- ural pursuits for about two years. In tlie summer of 1882 he removed to the rising vil- lage of Crookston, and there engaged in the general merchandise trade with his brother under the present firm name and style. They carry a large and well assorted stock of dry goods, groceries, boots, shoes, crockery, and all the various lines that usually go to make u]i an establishment of this character, which will invoice in tlie neighborhood of $12,000, and are' doing a large and ever increasing business. The firm is widely Icnown as one of the most enterjirising, upriglit and finan- cially sound in the city, and is one of the pillars of mercantile circles of the place. When the Scandia Bank was organized, in 1887, the subject of this sketch was one of the original stockholders and directors, and still holds those positions in that monetary institution. He is the owner of considerable real estate in the city, and about 1,000 acres of farm land in the town of Roome, 600 acres of which are under a high state of cultivation, and 320 aci-es in the town of Andover. Over 200 acres of the latter place are improved. Mr. Locken, in addition to his mercantile business, carries on, quite extensively, farming and general stock- raising, giving his personal supervision and management to evei'ything. Mr. Locken has been identified with the official life of the county to some extent, bavins: filled the offices of town clerk and secretary of the school board in Roome town- ship, and was one of the leading and influen- tial citizens of that jiortion of the county durini!' his residence thei'C. Since his 5o6 KED KIVKR r.l/././:y A.VD removal to Crookston he has taken a deep and zealous interest in city affairs. In 1S85 he was elected one of tlie city council, and two years later was called upon by a niajority of the citizens to fill the position of city treasurer, to wliich he was re-elected in the spring of 1S8S, and is the jiresent incumbent of that office. Mr. Locken is a consistent, zealous and active member of the Norwegian Lutheran church. Mr. Locken was married in 1882 to Miss Julia Wennevold, and they have been the parents of four children, only two of whom, howevei', are now living, named Mabel and Gea. ^^RS. MARTHA DODGE is the widow ^-^*r.\_ of Albert Dodge, Esq., and is a resident of Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. Mr. Dodge was a native of Canada, where he was born July 12, 1835. His parents were Jacob and Phebe Dodge, natives of Vermont and of English descent. Mr. Dodge's parents left Canada when he was nine months olil and settled in New York State, where they engaged in farming for nine years. Eemoving thence they located in Illinois, where the father died three years later. The mother then moved the family to Wisconsin. Albert Dodge was reared on the farm of his parents, and remained with them until he became of age. On attaining his major- ity he engaged in farming in AVisconsin for several years. In 1864 he came to Dodge county, Minnesota, where for tliirreen years he engaged in agricultui'al pursuits, and then removing therefrom he found a location in Steele county, Minnesota. After three years in the latter county, in 1880 he came to Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minne- sota, where he engaged in loaning money. He purchased lots on Channing avenue, where he built a fine residence. He died April 3, 1888, and was buried in the beautiful Mount Faith cemetery. In politics Mr. Dodge was a rei)ublican, and was one of the leading citizens of Fergus Falls. He was an upright, honorable man, and was respected by all who knew him. Mr. Dodge was mari'ied January 1, 18ti2, to Jliss Martha Pearson, a native of the United States and of English descent. Her parents were Lealious and Harriet (Scott) Pearson, natives of England and farmers by occupation. The father came to America in 1813, and one year later sent for his wife and six children. Thev settled in Michigan, where the father ])urchnsed Government land. After eight montlis spent in j\Iichigan, they removed to the State of Wisconsin, where the father lived until his death. He owned a fine farm of •!{}{) acres ami was engaged in genei'al farming. He was aman of excellent character, and was universally respected. He had a family of twelve children, seven of whom are now living — Emma, now Mrs. Rew, with four children (Henry, Caroline, John and Joseph); Samuel, who married MissSeana Hopkins; Mitchell, married to Miss Emma Ingersoll, bj' whom he has three daughters (Lillie, Laura and Helen); John, married to Eliza Field, by whom he has three childi'en (John, Josephine and George) ; Martha, now Mrs. Dodge ; Jane M., now Mrs. Battle, with two children (Harriet M. and Lealious); and Edwin, married to Miss Emily Smith, by whom he has had two children (Percival and Lewis S.). The mother now lives with her daughter, Mi's. Martha Dodge, in her pleasant home in Fergus Falls, Minnesota. -^^ MLeRMAN W. OLSEN. Among the farm- JL'^'SL ing community of the famous and picturesque Paik Pegions of Minnesota there is no better or more favorably known repre- FAA'/C J^ECWNS OF .VIiVNFSOTA. 507 sentative citizen than the gentleman whose name lieads tliis biograpliical memoir, a resi- dent of Ellc Lake township, Grant county. Mr. Olsen first saw the light in Houston county, Minnesota, on the 8th of November, 1854, and is the son of Ole W. andRachael (Samson) Olsen. The father is a resident of Barrett village, Grant county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in tlie mercantile busi- ness. Tlie family consisted of the following cliildren — Ole, Samuel, Hans, James, Ilei'- man, William, Anna, Mary, Hannah and Lena. Herman "VV. Olsen, the subject of this sketch, spent his school days in Houston county, Minnesota, and at the age of twelve years came to Grant county, where he remained, attending school, nntil about nine- teen j'ears of age. At the age of twenty- one he commenced life for himself by engag- insj- in farm labor. In 1SS5 lie settled on his present place, on section 8, Elk Lake town- sliip, where he has since remained, engaged in a general farmino; and stock-raisino- busi- ness. He has a well cultivated tract of land of 182 acres, and is considered as one of the representative agriculturists of his residence township. Mr. Olson takes an active inter- est in all public as well as educational matters, and is a stanch republican in his political affiliations. He is a man of the utmost integrity and honor, and is highlj' esteemed by all who bear his acquaintance. -«-! ATHAN C.CASWELL. Lying on the extreme southeastern edge of the famous "Park Regions" of IVIinnesota is Meeker county, one of the most wealthy and prosperous counties in the State and one of tlie most interesting in historic mattei'S, and it is of one of the most prominent old set- tlers of that county that the present article will treat. No class of men, nor family, have done more to aid in the settlement and material development of that region, nor figured more prominently in its history than the Caswells. Nathan C. Caswell, the most prominent and best known of those bearing that name, is a resident of section 31, Man- annah township. Meeker county, Minnesota. He personall}' examined the land in 1855 ; settled upon it in 1856, and his many years of residence here have caused him to be widely known; while the active part which he has taken in all political and public affairs has indissolubly associated his name with the history of the locality in which he lives. A man of the strictest integrity, his word is recognized as being as good as a bond, and he is highly esteemed both as a man, a neigh- bor and an exemplar}' citizen. Nathan C. Caswell was born in Brampton township, Sherbrooke county, Lower Canada, on the 2Sth of August, 1835. His father, Carlos Caswell, was born at Guildhall, Ver- mont, March 11, 1798. His grandfather, Nathan Caswell, was also born in Vermont, and was a soldier in the Continental Army in the lievolutionary War. Nathan C. Caswell, whose name heads our present article, lived in the township of his nativity until 1855, when he emigrated to Minnesota with his father, arriving at Mon- ticello, Wright county, on the 30th of May. The mother died there June 23, 1855. The father, Carlos Caswell, died August 31, 1871. Our subject, Nathan C. Caswell, remained at work near Monticello through the sum- mer of 1855. On the 7th of October, 1855, he and his brother, Ziba Caswell, together witli Clirist()])lier Davis and Green Sykes, left Monticello in search of a town site and farming lands, on which they intended to settle. They started into the big timber on foot, without road or guide, and struck a little south of west, carrying a small amount of provisions with them. On the afternoon 5oS KED kiVKR VALLE Y AND of the third day the partj' not having found prairie as they expected, and provisions nearly gone, they stopped to determine what was best to do. N. C. Caswell climbed a tree, and, from the top, oif to the west could see a large lake, and beyond that the rolling prairie. Tlicy resumed their journey along tlie north shore of the lake, which was over three miles long-. At the west end they crossed a narrow strip of timber land, then passed another sniiiil lake, beyond which la\' beautiful prairie land. The large lake now l)ears the name of " AVasliington," and the small one "Stella." After camping over niglit the ne.xt morning our party struck the Crow Kiver, just al)ove the present site of Forest City. Down the river a short dis- tance the\' found an excellent mill site, with timber to the north, and prairie south of the stream. Here the party determined to locate, so timber was cut and a shanty was erected. This was undoubtedly the first claim shanty built within what is now Meeker connty, Minnesota. On one end of the cabin was plainly written the following: " Makion City : Claimed and located by IV. C. Canvell, Ziha Caswell, Chris Davis, and Green SyTi.es. Dated — October 10, 18.55." Al>nut three days after leaving Marion City the party arrived at the house of Mr. Mitchell, on Monticello prairie, where they were kindly treated and given a good meal — the first eaten for nearly four days. No white man nor sign of any was seen on this trip, but they found traces of the Indians. Late in November, or early in December, 185.5, N. C. Caswell and Ziba Caswell started upon another exploring expedition to IVlarion City and beyond. Striking the Crow River near the east line of ileeker connty, they followed the stream up to the site selected for i\birion City, and continued on u)> the river until tlicv came to a creek which joins the river from the southwest. Here they found a wagon which had been stuck in the creek, with the tongue broken. In the wagon were provisions of various kinds, but neither team nor men were to be seen. The Caswell boys followed the ti'ail of the horses across the river, into the tim- ber, and about foity rods further tiiey found a tent pitched and a i)air of horses hitched to a tree. No persons were seen aiiout the ])lace, but the same evening, when the Cas- welis r(>turne(l to the tent, they found there three men, who gave them a warm welcome.' They were — Thomas H. Skinner, D. M. Hanson, and another whose name has been forgotten. They said they were hunting and trapping. This tent was located on what is now section.13, township 120, range 31. After stopi)ing over night with this party of frontiersmen, the Caswell boys con- tinued on up the river until the}' came to section 31, township 121, range 31. '' Here," N. C. Caswell remarked to his brother, "is the place I will locate should ^Marion City fail to be built up." They proceeded a short distance farther u[) the river and then returned to ilonticello, via the " Skinner tent" referred to heretofore. No whites were seen on this trip nor signs of any, ex- cept the three men mentioned. The compau}' that was to furnish the ca]iital to build a mill at "^Marion City" failed to do so, and in the summer of 1856 N. C. Caswell, Ziba Caswell, Silas Caswell, A. JI. Caswell and James Nelson took a ti'ip to what is now Manannah township, Meeker county, Minnesota. N. C. Caswell took the claim he had expressed a desire to take the fall before, on section 31, township 121, range 31, on which he now I'esules. James Nelson selected a claim on section 30, and A. IM. Caswell had previously taken a claim in the same township. These were the first taken in what is now Manannah township. In the fall of 1850 there arrived in what is now that P.IKA- RF.G10XS OF MIXXESCTA. 509 township, Carlos Caswell, Albert J. Caswell, Edward Brawn, Jolm Tower, A. D. Pierce, Andi'ow Hamilton, Moody iiailey and J. W. Walker. These were the pioneers in that region. During those early days the pioneers encountered many disadvantages and difiicul- ties. Far from markets, they lived sparingly, and their trips to and from their " base of supplies" were tedious and wearisome on account of the absence of bridges, roads, etc. The Sioux Indians were frequently seen here in the fall of 18.56. They had a 'fight with Ciiippewa braves, in which one of tlie latter was wounded and then both sides fled. In December, 1856, Ziba Caswell and J. W. Walker selected land on section 30, town- ship 121, I'ange ?.l, for a town and mill site. A name was wanted for the future village, and "Manannah" was selected b}' N. C. Caswell, Ziba Caswell, Albert J. Caswell and J. W. AValker, and the site was surveyed and platted. On the -Ith of March, 1857, N. C. Caswell. Ziba Caswell and A. J. Caswell erected the first building on the town site — a hewn log cabin, 18x26 feet in size, to be used as a hotel. Durino: the following- sum- mer a dam and saw-mill was built, also a store and other structures. In April N. C. and A. J. Caswell shot and killed a large elk neai- the t(jwii site, which fact will show how new the country was. But gradualh' civilization and organization developed, and on the 27th of April, 1^57, N. C. Caswell was appointetl road supervisor for Manannah precinct, and highways began to intersect the primeval forest, although but slowl}'. The first prairie was broken May 4, 1857. During this year a postoffice was established at Manannah with Jonathan Kimball as postmaster. The grasshoppers destroyed the crops in this I'egion, in 1857. Another item of historical interest for this N'ear Avas the fact that the settlers from this vicinity spent their Fourth of July at Lake Koronis. In September, 1857, the first caucus ever held in the precinct of Manannah selected N^. C. Caswell as one of the delegates to the first republican convention ever held in Meeker county, Minnesota. On October 13, 1857, the first election washekl in Manannah, at which our subject was chosen county assessor and precinct constable. In the spring of 1858 N. C. and Ziba Caswell and J. AV.'Walker bought seventy- five bushels of wheat at Hastings, Minnesota, paying 75 cts. per bushel, and hired it hauled to Manannah for $3 per hisJicl. It was used for seed. K". C. Caswell sowed eighteen bushels, but a hail storm came the following- August and destroyed the whole crop. On the 11th of May, 1858, the first election for township officers was held at the hotel in jManannah, when Ziba Caswell was elected chairman of the board of supervisors, and N. C. Caswell was elected constable, and was also a]ipointed special constable for the day. In May, 1858, N. C. Caswell went to St. Paul with two yoke of oxen and wagon for a load of flour. During the same spring he was ap])ointed assistant postmaster and took chai-ge of the olflce. In November, 1858, the Sioux Indians pitched their tepees (about twenty-five in number) on the town site at Manannah. The}' killeil a large number of elk, bear, deer and other game. The sheriff came up from Foi'est Cit_y and ordered them away, but after he was gone they set up a straw man and riddled it with bullets, calling the straw man "Jewett." N. C. Caswell was a wit- ness to this singular proceeding. During these early days our subject had done a good deal of trapping. In the winter of 1857-58 he and his brother Ziba caught twentj^-seven fishers, beside a lot of otter, mink, wolves, etc. On the 23(1 of February, 1859, N. C.,Ziba, A. M. and A. G. Caswell started from Manannah with an ox team for the 5IO Jil-.n RIVER VALLEY A iVD newly-discovered gold lields near Pike's Peak. They crossed the Missouri river at, Platts- inouth. Nfbi'aska, followed up tlic l^iatto river on the south side, about 250 miles fi'oui i'iatts- raoutli and beyond Fort Kearney. Hearing such uiifavuraltle news from tiic mines, they determined topai't company, Ziba and Albert to go on with the team to California, and A. M. and Nathan C. to return to the Missouri river to get work. But before they parted they decided to have a buffalo hunt; so. the following morning, May 10, 1859, they left their team, crossed the Platte, and traveled all day. They saw plenty of buffalo and succeeded in killing several, and tiiat night camped near the Loup Fork. The next morning they took some buffalo meat and returned to their camp on the Platte. Then Nathan C. and A. M. Caswell started on foot to retui-n. with $2.40 in money and ten pounds of Hour, a. two-quai't tin p;iil and two tin plates. The\' ti'aveled at night to keep warm, and slept when the sun shone. To satisfy their hunger they mixed their flour witii water, and cooked or " bi-owned " it as best tliQV could, and wlien tliey could find no wood they held their tin pans over fires built of prairie grass. After a week's hardship they arrived at Plattsmouth, where they worked a few days and then crossed the Missoui'i river. In a short time they went to White Cloud, Kansas, and there hired to Kussell, Majors and "Waddell, under a Mr. Kendall as wagon-nuistei', to drive teams in hauling Government sup])liesaci'oss the ])Iains — their pay to l)o $3.5 ])er nu)nth. The ti'ain consisted of twenty-six wagons and thirty uu'u; each wagon was loaded with fifty-l'oui' huiuli'ed-weight of corn and drawn i)y six yok(! of wild Texas steers, driven by one teamstei'. For the first few days they made l)ut little progress. At Fort Kearney they unloaded their corn and returned to Nebraska City. There every teamstei' was required to sign an oath not to drink whisky, fight or swear while in the company's employ. At Nebraska City the wagons were again loaded with corn for Fort Kearney. They got back late in Octo- ber, 1859, and N. C. and A. M. Caswell returned to Manannah, Minnesota. In November, iSo'J, N. C. Caswell, our subject, started for New Orleans, Louisiana, and arrived there aliout the middle of Deceuiber. He went from there to Mobile, Alabama, then returned to New Orleans, December 31st, and the fol- lowing day hired as fireman on the steam- boat " Chateau,'" kjaded with sugar and bound for St. Louis. A Cairo, Illinois, he was paid off, as the boat could go no farther on account of ice in the river. The next day he hired as firem;in on the steamer " Dianna," a steandjoat plying between New Orleans ami Louisville, Kentucky, and remained until the following May. Mr. Caswell was in New Orleans at the unveil- ing of the famous statue of Henry Clay, on Canal street, April 12, 1860, and left the fol- lowing morning for Louisville. On the wa}' up the river the cylinder-head of one of the engines blew out and killed two men and knocked our subject overboard. He drifted down about one mile and was picked up b^' the steamboat's yawl. The boat continued on its way to Louisville, where it was laid u]5 for repairs. Mr. Caswell was there paid ofl^ at the rate of $45 per month. He then became afflicted with the ague, and started for Manannah, Minnesota, arriving May 15, 1860. After his return from the South ]\fr. Caswell worked on his farm, which mean- while had been rented to Chancy Wilson. In the fall of 1860, N. C. Caswell, James Nelson and Elias Everett were hunting and trapping on the Chijjpewa river and killed three elk and caught a large number of otter, fox, mink and other fur. They sold the lot for $384. The following year, July 27, 1861, Mr. PAR Is RF.GIOXS OF MIXMESOTA 5" Caswell was married to Miss Mary A. "Welch, a native of New Brunswick, and tliey went to liousekeeping on tiio land claimed by him in 1856, on whicli they now live and have lived ever since they were married, excepting a short time during the Indian outlareak. Another item of interest for 1801 was the fact that in December Mr. Caswell sold good wiieat for twenty cents per bushel. The following \ear, 1862, is one of the most memorable in the history of the State, made so by the famous Siou.v Indian outbreak. A detailed account of all of Mr. Caswell's experiences during those trying days would be too long for insertion in this work, and we can therefore only refer briefly to some of the most important movements in which he participated. On the 17th day of August, 1862, the Indians killed the Baker family and others at Acton, eleven miles south of Manannah. The next moi'ning, August IS, 1862, IST. C. Cas- well was cutting grain in his field when eight Sioux Indians rode ]iast on ponies, in plain sight, and only a few rods away. They did not offer to molest him. That night quite a number of the neighboring families gathered at the house of' Carlos and N. C. Caswell for greater protection. This continued for sev- eral nights, when all went to Forest City, where they staid one night. Then N. C. Caswell, with several others, returned to Manannah, and staid over night at his place. The next morning a man came to the house and said the Indians were killing everv one they could find and warned them to leave, which they did, returning to Forest City. On tlie 26th of August, 1862, the follow- ing-named men went from Forest City to Manannah to try to save some of their propei'ty — N. C. Caswell, Chancy Wilson, Moody Caswell, James Nelson, Linus Howe, Joseph Page, P. H. Deck, D. B. Hoar, Wil- iiiot Maybee, R. D. C. Cressy and Thomas liyckman. They went to the house of N. C. Caswell but saw no Indians. There they left an ox team, and went about two miles farther to the farms of Silas Caswell and James Nelson. They loaded goods on the wagons of Maybee and Deck and returned to N. C. Caswell's house to pass the night. Mayl)ee and Page were on one wagon and Deck and Howe on the other, while the balance of the party was scattered behind. When the wagons drove into Caswell's yard they were fired upon by the Indians. Page was killed and fell from the wagon ; Howe and Deck ran about twenty-five rods and were killed. Maybee ran about eighty rods down on the meadow, where he was killed. Wilson and Ryckman witnessed all of this from a distance of about sixty rods. After securing the teams the Indians started west and jiassed within about thirty rods of N. C. Caswell and James Nelson. There were ten or twelve Indians in the wagons. Mr. Caswell and Nelson then went to the scene of the shooting, and found Page lying dead in a path near the house. It was then nearly dark and what was left of the party returned to Forest City that night. On the 28th of August a party went to Manannah and buried Howe, Deck and Page in the Manannah cemetery. Maybee's body could not be found at that time, but was found several months later and buried in the same cemetei-y by N. C. and Moody Caswell and Chancy Wilson. In November, 1862, Carlos Caswell and N. C. Caswell and wife returned to their homes at Manannah, as in the meantime soldiers had arrived and peace was again partially restored on the liorder. During the winter of 1862-63 our subject spent his time in hunting and trapping. Early in JSovember, 1863, N. C. Caswell, Ziba Caswell, and James Nelson went upon a trapping expedition and located their cabin near the present site of Gilchrist, in Pope county, Minnesota. At the end of five 512 RED RTVF.R VALLEY AND weeks they had caught 123 mink, twelve otter, tliirt}' foxes aiul other game. They sold the lot for 8T4ving to Summei'side, in the same Island, o])ened a foundry aiul machine shop of his own. Carrvincr on the business in that localitv for some nine j'ears, he then sold out and came to the United States and for about a year and a half made his home in New York City, employed at his trade. In 1879, with a view to establishing PARA- A'f.G/O.VS OF MIiYNESOTA. 513 liimself in business he then came to Will- mar, ^[innesota, and there opened a founilrv and machine shop, and for two years and a lialf did a thriving business. At tlie end of that time he solil his buildings in Miat ))]ace, and forming a copartnership witii his brother Thomas S., removed liis machinery to Crookston, and pui'chasing some lots near the court house, on which they erected tiie necessary buildings, com- menced operations. In the fall of 1883, their operations being confined for want of room, they purchased the site of their present establishment and put up larger and more extensive works. They do a general foundry and machine business, manufacturing horse ])owers for elevator work, shafting, pulleys, door hang- ers, house work of all kinds, and furnishing all kinds of mill machiner}'. AVithin the last \'ear they have fitted up two ttoui' mills, which from the character of their products shows the proficiencv of the mechanics in this respect. They make a specialty of threshing machine engines and boiler repair work and steam fitting. The works give employment to from eight to twelve hands and is one of the institutions of the city, and is one of the largest and best fitted up in the State west of the large cities. Mr. Morrisey holds the highest grade of stationery engineer's license in this State, and his ability is recognized bv all with whom he comes in contact in this respect. He has frequently been called to St. Paul and Minneapolis and other parts of the State as an expert or assessor of damage by fire, etc. In the spring of 1887 he was appointed to the [Kjsition of deputy inspector of boilers and engines for this district and holds that office at the present time. Mr. Morrisey was united in marriage while a resident of Prince Edward Island, November 27, 1872, with Miss Elizabeth Curran,and is the parent of three children — Eddie I., Francis Henry and Charles A. JNIorrisey. In fall of 1888 our subject bought out Thomas S. Morrisey's interest, and now is running the business alone. During the winter of 1888-89 this foundry has cast about twenty tons of castings for the large steam saw-mill building at Grand Forks, Dakota Territory, beside a large quantity of joljbing work. ^^^ IgjaTON. JAMES COMPTON is the presi- J^^ dent of the Citizens' National Bank of Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minne- sota. The place of his nativity was in Craw- ford county, Pennsylvania, where he was born January 14, 1840. The subject of our sketch was reared on the home farm, where he remained until the breaking out of the war. His home life was spent in work on the farm, and in acquiring a line education, he iiaving attended Mead- ville Academy and Allegheny College, in the same place. In April, 18G1, in answer to the first call for volunteers, he enlisted in the three months' service in what was known as the Company of Meadville Volunteers. He served the required three months and was discharged. On the 2d of November, 1861, he re-enlisted in Company C, Fifty-sec- ond Pegiment, Illinois Volunteers, as a pri- vate, this being for the three years' service. After this the corps to which he belonged was sent to the front, and Mr. Compton had opportunity to see much severe service. For efficient conduct at tne battle of Fort Don- aldson he was promoted from private to the rank of lirst-lieutenant. In April, 18(!2, at the battle of Shiloh Capt. E. M. Knapp was killed, and Mr. Compton was promoted to the captaincy, in which rank he served the company until July, 1864. At this time he was detailetl as assistant inspector- 514 RED RIVER VALLEY AND general of tlie Second Brigade, Second Division, Sixteenth Annv Corps, commanded by General R. W. Adams, who is now the synodical missionary of the Presbyterian church of iMiiiiiesota. This position Mr. Compton retained until December 18, 1864, wlien he was discliarged at Savannah, (ieorgia. At tliis time lie returned to the North and engaged as dork and book-keeper in the Bank of Petroleum Centre, Venango county, Pennsylvania, where he remained two years. At the end of this period he came westward and settled in Liinark. Cur- roll county, Illinois, at which place he took charge of a banking institution. In 1872 he removed to Minnesota, settling in Fergus Falls, where, in company with Mr. 11. G. Page, he organized the first National bank north and west of St. Paul. For some time this institution was run with Mr. Page as ju-esident and Mr. Compton as cashier, Avliicli position the latter occupied until 1883, when Mr. Compton, with other gentlemen, organized tiie Citizens' National Bank, of which the latter became president. Mr. Comjiton was wedded in ISfiO to Miss Louise Gould, of Pennsylvania, daughter of Nathan Gould. By this marriage there have been three cliildren— Mary L., Margaret G. and William G. Mr. Com])ton is one of the leading citizens of Otter Tail county, in fact of the State. He has occupied many positions of trust, not onlv in his county, but in the State as well. He is a prominent republican, a member of the Masonic and Odd-Fellows fraternities, and is senior vice-commander of the Grand Army of the Republic of the State of Minne- sota. He is a member of the State Senate in 1882 and re-elected in 1886. He is a member of the State Board of Equali- zation for the Sevcntli Judicial District of Minnesota, in whicii capacity he has worked since 1876. He occupies the position of secretary of the Page Flouring Mills, of which company he is vice-president and a large stockliolder. He and his wife and children are members of the First Presbj'- terian church of Fergus Falls, of which society he is an elder. lie lives in a beauti- ful home, fitted with all modern improve- ments, on Union avenue. His grounds al)out his residence are covered with fine orna- mental and shade trees, and are the most beautiful for location and adornment in the cit}". Fiiumcially Mr. Cumpton occuj)ies a leading position among the business men in Fergus Falls and vicinity. He is able, wise and generous, and in all tilings that liave to do with the growth and prosperity of the city lie takes a deep interest, backing up tliose financial projects, not only with his counsels and words of encouragement, but also with his means. He enjoys the respect and esteem of all liis fellow-townsmen. ^^. ^^LISHA K. MORRILL is the editor and ^^il proprietor of the Richland County Gazette, the leading newspaper in Waliiieton, North Dakota. His native State was New Hampshire, and was born July 6, 1825, in Springfield, Sullivan county.- His parents were Stephen and Susan (Dean) Morrill, natives of New Hampshire. Stephen Morrill was the son of John Mor- rill, a native of tlie same State and of English descent. Stephen was a farmer, as was his father before him, and lived and died in New Hampshire; his death came in 1852. The mother of our subject was born in Graf- ton, New Hampshire, February 9, 1801, and died in Charles City, Iowa, January 6, 1873. They had five sons, two of whom are living — Rev. William S., and the subject of our sketch. Susan (Dean) Morrill was a daughter of Isaac Dean, a native of Connecticut, a farmer by occupation, and probably of Dan- ish descent. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 515 The subject of our sketch remained beneath the ))arental roof until lie was t\vent\'-one years of age. He received an excellent practical education at the New Ilanipshii-e Conference Seniinar_v, a Meth- odist school located at Tilton, that State. He tauy-ht some fifteen terms of school in his native State, and then, in 1862, came west to Iowa, settling in ChicUasaw county, where he purciiased land and commenced farming. He improved his land and lived thereon for about ten years. He was held in high esteem by the citizens of Chickasaw county and iield several important offices. He was ajipuinted one of the county commissioners, and at the two following-elections was elected to that office, holding the same for five years. He was also secretary of the school board and township clerk eight or nine years, and taught school for two terms. In 1872 he removed to Floyd county, Iowa, locating in Charles City, where he resided for over seven years. While there he was the first pro- hibition candidate for the office of council- man to receive suft'rage in that city, lacking but five votes of being elected. He then went to ISTorthfield, Minnesota, where he ])urchased a ]irinting office outfit and started a newspaper, wliieh he ran for a few months. Then he removed his material to Wahpe- ton, North Dakota, where he purcliased the tirst and only paper in the county, the Rich- land County Gazette, which he has since published, and which has ever been the lead- ing newspaper in the county. He has purchased several pieces of city property and built a large printing office on the ])rincipal avenue and a good residence on Third street south, where he now lives. Mr. Morrill was married June 2, 1858, to !^[iss Susan R. Barney, daughter of Otis IJarney, of Canaan, New IIam[ishire. Three sons have blessed this union — Myron H., Milo T. and Ilarhm J. The two younger sons are now attending school, one at Carlton College and the other at Hamline University. The oldest, Myron H., was married August 25, 1882, to Miss Ida M. Anderson, by whom he has two living children — Ralph B. and a babe unnamed. Myron H. is employed as foreman in his father's printing office. Mr. Morrill is a thorough republican in politics and is one of the most influential and highly respected men in the county. GENEALOGY. The subject of this sketch is of the eighth generation from Abraham Morrill, who came from England about 1632, and finally settled in Salisbur}^, Massachusetts, where his pos- terity Ijecame very numerous, and are now dispersed throughout the country, and some have gone to other countries. Abraham's son, Isaac, was born in Salis- bury, Massachusetts, May 10, 1046 ; died October 17, 1713. Isaac's son, Jacol), was born in Salisl)ury, Massachusetts, May 25, 1677. Jacob's son, Abraham, was born in Salis- bury, Massachusetts, December 22, 1703 ; died December 16, 1780. Abraham's son, Jabez, was born February 15, 1745 ; died August 26, 1800. Jabez settled in Weare, New Hampshire, where his son John was born June 29, 1770. He was the second child but the oldest son ; he located in Springfield, New Hampshire, where he died April 30, 18G2. John's son, Stephen, was born in Spring- field, New Hampshire, May 22, 1798, and died in Canaan, Newampshire, January 27, 1852. Stephen's son, Elisha Knowles, was born in Springfield, New Hampshire, July 6,1825. Nearly all the ancestors in the direct line had large families — Abraham had nine chil- dren ; Isaac had ten ; Jacob had eleven ; Abraham, five; Jabez, eight; John, five; Stephen, five; and Elisha K., four children. A few items concerning E. K. Morrill's ancestry, on the mother's side, will be of interest : 516 RED RIVER VALLE Y AND Walter Dean, the supposed ancestor of the Dean family, was born at Chard, England, in a valley called Taunton Dean, on the river Tone. He is supposed to have been born some time l)etween tiie years 1015 and 1020. Walter and his eider brother, -loiin Dean, emigrated to America, and were among the earliest English settlers at Cohanet, that was soon called Taunton, in Massachusetts. Walter was a tanner by tmde. (His wife was Elanoi', a daughter of Richard Strong, of Taunton, England, and she was a sister of Elder John Strong, who came with her to America in the siiip " Mary and John " in 1630.") Walter and John Dean took up farms on the west bank of Taunton great river, about a mile fi'om the Green. They o)iened a street through their lands, which has been known as Dean street to this day. Jonathan Dean's son, Isaac, was born in Taunton, Massachusetts, ]\Iay 31, 1744, and died July 1, 1S19. His second wife, Eunice Backus, was born October 23, 1755. They were married October 13. 1795. She died September 10, 1814. They were blessed with two daughters ; the youngest was born Feb- ruary 9, 1801. Stepiien Morrill and Susan Dean were married November 11, 1819, and Elisha K. was their second son. Samuel Backus was the second son of Joseph Backus ; he was born January 0, 1093, and died November 24, 1740. His wife, Elizabeth Tracy, was the daughter of John Tracy, who was the son of John Tracy of Norwich. She was born April 0, 1098, and died January 20, 1709. They were married January 18, 1710. Of their eleven ciiiidren, Isaac, the fourth, was born January 9, 1724, died November 20, 1800. Isaac Backus was married to Susan Mason, November 29, 1749. She was l><)in in Eeho- botli, Massachusetts, Janiuiry 4, 1725. Tiiey had nine ciiiidren, Eunice, who married Isaac Dean, being the fourth. I^HARLES CAVILEER, the "father of S^y Pembina," Pembina county. North Dakota, is the oldest living settler of tliat locality, and has been prominently identilied with the local I)usiness, political and official interests of the Nortiiern II(mI Iliver A'aiic^' since 1851. His name has been indissolul)ly connected with the prosperity and [jrogress of Pembina, one of the most thriving and vigorous cities in the Northwest, and to him belongs the honor of laj'ing the original town plat, supplementing it with an exten- sive addition as soon as the railroad commu- nications, in 1878, decided the future ])ros- l)erity of the embryo city. Mr. Cavileer is a native of tlie State of Ohio, born in Springfield on the> Gth day of March, 1818, and is tiie son of Charles and Rachel (Trease) Cavileer, natives of Maine and Pennsylvania, respectively. Our sub- ject's boyhood days were spent in iiis native city, with the usual educational advantages of the common schools, until he had attained his seventeenth year, wlien he removed to Mount Carmel, Illinois, wiiere he served an apprenticeship to the saddler's trade, until he was twenty-one. Then, until 1841, he served as a journeyman, and at the ex j)i ra- tion of that time went to Red Rock, six miles below St. Paul, Minnesota, where lie remained a short time, and the succeeding year traveled round about Duluth and Lake Superior, and then again returned to Red Rock, across the country, with no trail and only the sun as a guide. He then worked about one year on a farm near Red Rock, and in 1845 went to St. Paul, and opened tiie first harness shop in the State. In 1S47 he sold out, and in the following year, in company witii Dr. Dewey, established tiie first drug store in St. Paul and in Minnesota. Thev remained together for two years, when our subject sold out to the Doctoi', and was appointed by Governor Ramsey as first Ter- ritorial librarian, which position he held until PARK REGIO.XS OF MIXXESOTA. 517 1851. "We then reach the period from which our subject has been connected with the his- tory of the Reil River Valley. In that 3'ear he was appointed United States revenue col- lector of the customs, and the duties of that office in those days, although not necessitat- ing very close application of the incumbent, wore, nevertheless, of a rather varied nature. Besides being collector of customs he had to manage the postofRce arrangements, give some attention to signal service business, and, in fact, was representative of every branch of the United States civil service. These various duties Mr. Cavileer performed for four yeai's, and at the expiration of that time he moved westward to St. Jo and engaged in fur trading, and afterward he moved to Fort Garry (now Winnij)eg), where he was engaged in quite an extensive general mer- chantlise business. In ISGi Mr. Cavileer returned to Pembina, and a regular postoflBce being then established there, he received the appointmentof postmaster, which he retained until ISSi, when he resigned in favor of his son, who is the present postmaster. In 1853, in addition to his official duties, he engaged in the I'ur trade in jiartnership with Com- modore Kittson and W. II. Forbes, with whom he remained three years. At the expiration of that time, Forbes having drawn out, Kittson antl Cavileer formed a partner- ship with the following gentlemen included in the firm, viz.: Kittson, Culver, Farrington, Sargeant and Cavileer. This continued for two years. In 1863 Mr. Cavileer engaged in haymaking for the Government, emplo}'- ing tifteen men and two machines. Mr. Cavileer was united in marriage on the 13th of Marcii, 1857, to Miss Isabell Murry, the daughter of Donald and Jane (lieron) Murry, and this union has been blessed with the following children — Edmuntl K., the jtresent jwstmaster ; William M., Albert D., Lula, Belle, and the oldest child, Sarah, who died at the age of four years. AVilliam married Jennie Bradshaw, and resides in Pembina. Edmund and William were at Kildnan, then Prince Rupert's Land, at the time of the Reil Insurrection, and helped Scott run bullets some time previous to his murder. In the early days of his settlement in Pembina he was a regular correspondent to the Smithsonian Institute, Washington, District of Columbia. From his first settle- ment Mr. Cavileer has taken a deep interest in the progress of the district, and since the formation of the village no man has done more for the building up of the same. He is a public-spirited citizen, and one who is highly esteemed and respected by all who know him. Mr. Cavileer is a stanch republican in politics. He voted for General Harrison in 18iO, and now that North Dakota will soon become a State he may possibly live to vote for the grandson of the old General for a sec- ond term. It would be a strange coincidence if tiie only two votes he ever cast for President should be cast for the two General Harrisons. OHN WILLIAM SCHAFER is the pro- [M-ietorof the Decorah Hotel in Stephen, Marshall county, Minnesota. He was born in Rathshausen, Spaichingen, Wittenberg, German}', July 30, 1858. Mr. Schafer is a son of Joseph and Eliza- beth (Riede) Schafer, natives of Wittenberg, Germany. They came to the United States in the fall of 1872, and spent their first winter in AVilliamsport, Pennsylvania, whence they went to Zundjrota, Goodhue county, Min- nesota, settling on a farm in that vicinity. The parents lived there until their death. The father died March 23, 1882, and the mother January 21, 1887. They had a family of nine children — Paulina, Isidore, Constant, Antoinette, John W., Sabina, Gustaf, Leo and Barn hart. 5i8 RED RIVER VALLEY AXD The subject of our sketch remained at home with his pai'ents in Germany and received a good common school education, attending school for seven consecutive years. He came witii Jiis ])arents to the United States in tlie fall of 1ST2, and the following spring came with tliem fi'om Williamsport, Pennsylvania, to Goodhue county, Minne- sota, lie lived with them, but worked for neighboring farmers until 1878, when he went to Swift county, making headquarters in Benson. lie pre-empted a quarter section of land in Lac-qui-parle count}^ and proved up in 1879, and then worked in the Aldridge House till in the summer of 1881, when he went to Kerkhoven, Swift county, Minnesota, and opened a saloon, which he ran for six months. He then started on a trip, in search of a location, through Montana, Idaho, Washington and Dakota Territories, being gone about two months. He then returned to Minnesota and stopped in Crookston until the spring of 1882, working in the Com- mercial Hotel. That summer he came to Stephen, Ijought a lot and liuilt a house, also o|)ening up a saloon business, which he is still running. In the spring of 1888 he pur- chased the Decoi'ah House, and is now run- ning a first-class hotel. Mr. Schafer was married in Stephen, May 20, lSS-1, to Miss Sarah Hanson, daughter of Ole and Anna (Alma) Hanson, natives of Norway. She was born in Alma, Buffalo county, Wisconsin, and is a sister of Hans O. Hanson, a leading hardware merchant of Ste})hen. J\Ir. and Mrs. Scliafer have two children — William Ilowai'd and j\Iabel Sabina. Mr. Schafer is one of the prominent and representative citizens of the town in which he lives. He is a man of broad ideas and wide experience, and his success in business has proven him a careful and thrifty man- ager, lie owns a fine farm of 2(!0 acres of kuul in Tamarac township, beside two other buildings in the town. Mr. Schafer was one of the organizers and chai-ter members of Stephen Lodge, Xo. 120, Independent Order of Odd-Fellows, in which he has risen to the highest honoi's, having passed all the chairs and l)eing now P. G. He lias also held the position of D. D. G. M. In many ways has Mr. Schafer been honored by his fellow-townsmen and in ever}' case has he proven his eminent fitness for positions of trust and responsibility. He has been village constable two terms, town clerk two terms, deputy county sheriff one term, besides hav- ing held several positions of minor import- ance. Mr. Schafer holds the respect and confidence of his fellow citizens, and is looked upon as a leading and enterprising business man. He has an excellent hotel, and in every way strives to please and retain his guests, to whom he furnishes the best the market supplies. PETER BROBERG is a member of the firm of Swenson A: Broberg, of New London, Minnesota, one of the most exten- sive, solid and substantial Inisiness houses in Kandiyohi county. They carry a heavy stock of general merchandise, and are also engaged in the milling, lumber and machinery business. Mr. Broberg, of whom our present article will treat, is one of the pioneers of this part of Minnesota and is one of tiie sur- vivors of the terrible Sioux Indian outbreak of 18()2. A detailed history of all his experi- ences, adventures and hardships during pio- neer days and Indian times would almost fill a volume of itself, and would be too long for insertion in this work, but we have gathered the most prominent facts in Mr. Broi)erg"s histor}', and give the most imj)ortant move- ments in which he has participated. ISIr. Brobei'g was born near Yargarda, in Sweden, on the 17th of Decend)er, ISSi, anil . i PARK HECIOXS OF MIXXESOTA. 5i'J is a son of Daniel P. and Aunastina Broberg, who were also natives of Sweden. The parents had a famii\' of three children — Peter, Alfred and Albert. On the 28th of April, 1861, the whole familj" left their native land and sailed for the New World, landing at Quebec, Canada, on the 19th of June. They at once came to Minnesota, hmding at Carver, in Carver county, on the 1st day of July. A few days later they started for what was known as the New Sweden settlement in Swift county, Minne- sota, arriving there July 15, 1861. The father, D. P. Broberg, and liis brother, Andrew, bougiit soldiers' sci'ij)t and each located on a quarter section of land. Here they at once erected cabins, began improve nients and engaged in farming. Everything moved along in a prosperous and unevent- ful manner until August, 18('>2, when tlie Sioux Indians began their outbreak, killing defenseless men, w'omen and children, and Inu'ning and destroying as they went. The little settlement at New Sweden consisted of thirty souls and little did the}' dream of the danger so near at hand. On the fatal 20th day of August, 1862, tlie Broberg fam- ilies (D. P. Ih'oberg and wife and three children, and Andrew B. Broberg and wife and four children), together with the Lund- berg family and others, had gone to a neigh- bor's, two and a half milesjdistant, to attend a religious meeting. Our subject, Peter Broberg,and iiis two brothers and two cousins remained at home to care for the stock, etc. About noon twenty-five or tiiirty Indians, in war paint, surrounded the cabin. They entered the house, and the children, as usual, treated tliem to bread and provisions. Peter Broberg escaped fi-om the house and ran to the meetino:, where he gave the alarm. The services were at once adjourned, and the settlers started for home. The Broberg party, together with Lars Lundl)erg, started for lionie with their ox team. Thev met the Indians, and when near the house they gave the preconcerted signal and the horrible butchery began. Mr. Lundberg was in the rear with a gun, and he escaped and rescued a child. Those killetl were D. P. Bro- berg and wife and two children ; Andrew B. Broberg, his wife and three children. Our subject, Peter Broberg, jumped from the wagon at the first attack and escaped, running down a hill and disap- ' pcaring in the tall grass of a slough. He con- tinued his flight until he came to the house of a neighbor, where he took refuge. Tiie Indians continued their murderous work and began plundering and burning and finally made an attack on the neighbor's house. The family and Peter Broberg hid in the cellar, their hiding place being concealed by a neatly fitting trap door. The Indians de- stro^'ed the furniture and then left. About midnight the fugitives escaped from the house and spent the remainder of the night in a thicket. Finally Even Railson, now a ju'ominent farmer of Norwaj' Lake township Kandiyohi county, assisted them, and the}' were conducted to a place of safety. Lund- berg said he was fired at fifteen times but escaped unhurt. The general history of the outbreak will be found in another department of this Album, so it is unnecessary to refer to it further in this connection. The Indians were finally subdued and peace was again restored on the border. Mainly through the efforts of our subject, Peter Broberg, an appropria- tion was made at the last session of the legislature for the purpose of ei-ecting a mon- ument to the memory of the victims of the New Sweden massacre, so that their martyr- dom will be commemorated in a fitting manner. In 1877 Peter Broberg located at the vil- lage of New London, Minnesota, where he has since remained. He is one of the leading business men of that locality, and stands high 520 RED KIVEK VALLEY A. VD as an exemplaiy citizen. He served for some time as town clerk, and has always taken an active part in matters affecting the welfare of that locality. lie is a republican in polit- ical mattei-s. and a membei'of the Lutheran church. Mr. Broberg ^vas married December 31, 1878, to Cliristine Larson, and tliey are the parents of three children ^ — Ella, Martha and Elmer P. — — -^-S^f^- < *■ ■ - OTTFRIED MIGGE, the popular butclicr and dealer in fresh and cured meats, m the village of Wadena, Wadena county, Minnesota, is a native of the kingdom of Germany. He was born in Mai-genweider on the 23d of September, 1847, and is the son of August and Augusta Migge, also natives of German}'. The father and mother of our subject \vere the parents of the follow- ing-named children — Gottfried, Gustaff^ Rinold, Wielhmemien, Paulina, Augusta and Lauria Migge. M!r. Migge, the subject of this article, remained in his native land until lie had attained the age of twenty-live yeai-s. Dur- ing his yoimger daj^s he had attended the com- mon sciioolsof tliat country, and after leavini;' the school-room had entered an apprentice- ship at the butcher's trade. After serving his ai)]irenticeslii]), and in the year 1867, Mr. Migge entered the Prussian army in Seventh Companj', Forty-fourth Regiment, and served four years; served under Commander Prince Carl in the war between Pi'ussia and France from June 16, 1870, to September 20, 1871, and took part in the principal battles during the period of this service. After the war, and in 1873, he emigrated to the United 8tates> and after a voyage of fifteen da3's, landed at Quebec. He at once removed to Fillmore county, Minnesota, where he followed his trade until 187t», with the exception of a few months' work in a ^lankato(Minn.)l)rewerv. In 1879 Mr. Migge removed to Wadena, count}', Minnesota, and took up a Govern- ment claim on section 2, Leaf River town- ship, which he sold in September. lS7'.t. In August, 1879, he removed into the village of Wadena, and for six months was employed as butcher in the meat market of Mr. Cooper. In March, 1880, he, in company with Charles Batcher, bought the meat market and oper- ated it until August, 1880, when ifr. Cooper purchased the interest of IVIr. Batcher and he, in partnership with our subject, operated the shop for four years. Our subject then bought the interest of Mr. Coojier and has since continued alone in the business. In addition to his business interests he owns a tine i-esidence and eighty aci-es of land in the corporate limits of the village of Wadena, He is a very successful business man, and is highh' esteemed for his integrity and fair- ness in business transactions. Mr. Migge was united in marriage in August, 1881, v^'ith Miss Anna Stienboch, and this union has been l)lessed with the follow- ing-named children — Laura Migge, .Gott- fried August Mia'ge, Elizabeth Miga'e and William Grover Migge. In political matters the suijject of this article affiliates with the lUMnocratic pai'ty. ^^^ -^^ OHN KIVEL, the efficient and well known "' sheriff of Marshall county, Minnesota, is a resident of the village of Warren, where he is enjraged in his official duties. He is a native of the State of Vernumt, born in lUirlington, on the Stli day of February, 1843, and is the son of Michael and Catharine (Hughs) Kivel, natives of the kingdom of Ireland. The father and mother of our sub- ject wei-e married in Vermont, and the father was a farmer by occujiation. They were the parents of the following-named children — Alary, Nancy, iJartlett, Catln'rine. John and Michael. PARK RF.CIOXS OF MIXNESOTA. 521 Mr. Kivel, of whom this article treats, remained at home, attciuiiiig school, until lie was ten years of age, at which period in life he commenced for himself, lie secured work ill a livery stable and was employed in driv- ing stage for six or seven years. In 1860 he went to the lumber woods and worked there until October, ISGl. On the 27th of that nil inth he enlisted in the Twelfth AYis- consin Infantry, Company B, and served until July, 1S6-1:, when he was honorabh' discharged at Madison, Wisconsin. He par- ticipated in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth, siege of Yicksburg, Tallahatchee, Jackson- ville, Champion Hill, besides many skir- mishes. He was wounded at Atlanta, Georgia, and was confined at Marietta, Home, Xashville and Louisville, then at the bar- racks at St. Louis, Missouri. He then went to Madison, "Wisconsin, where he was honor- aiily dischai'ged on the 22d of July, ISfi-l. After his discharge he went to Reedsburg, Wisconsin, where he remained a short time, then removed to Eau Claire, Wisconsin. There he engaged in the lumber business for two years, and at the expiration of that time, removed to Buffalo county, Wisconsin. There he had charge of the Beef Slough drive, for seven j^ears. In 1878 he went to Crookston, Minnesota, and engaged in locat- ing land. After working at that for about three years he moved to Argyle, Minnesota, where he followed the same business. In Maj', 1887, he moved to the village of War- ren, Marshall countv, Minnesota, where he has since remained. In 188t> he was elected to the office of county sheriff and was re-elected in 18SS. Previous to this he had been deputy sheriff for three years. IJe has since discharged his duties as sheriff and is one of the most popular men in the north- ern part of the Red River Yallev. Mr. Kivel was married on the 21st of Feb ruary, 1872, to Mrs. Hattie Wassen, she having two children bv her first husband. This union has been blessed with three chil- dren, named as follows — Bartkjtt, Fredei'ick and Charles. Mr. Kivel was married the second time, to Miss Rosa Lasarge, in June, 1883. The subject of this article, is a mem- ber of the A. F. & A. M., Crookston Lodge, also belongs to the Independent Order of Odd-Fellows. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, Crookston Post. He is a rejiublican in political mattei's and any home enterprise, calculated to benefit the town or county, receives his hearty support. EUBEN CLARK, who is the proprietor li^'-H.y of the leading hotel in the village of New York Mills, is an old settler in Otter Tail county. He is a business man of wide experience, genial and accommodating, and in his hotel he is doing a successful business and is making many friends. Reuben Clark was born in Herkimer county, New York, June 6, 1852, and is a son of Reuben and Mary (Rice) Clark, who were both natives of New York State. The father was a mechanic and followed blacksmithing, brick making and farming at different periods of life. About 1854 the faniil\^ removed to Randolph county, Illinois, and his father died in that State, and his mother died in Hancock county, Iowa. In the family of the iiaVents there were ten childi-en, eight of whom grew up, as follows — George, Ira, Carrie, Fannie, Lula, ]\Iary, Kate and Reuben. Reuben Clark, whose name heads this article, grew to manhood and received his education in Randolph county, Illinois. He attended school until si.Kteen years of age, when he engaged in the brick business. When he was twenty-one years old he went to Hancock county, Iowa, and engaged in I'ai'uiing, remaing there for five years and a 522 JiED RIVEK VALI.E V AXO half. While there he took an active and prominent part in public affairs and lield various local offices. In 1877 he came to Otter Tail county, Minnesota, and settled in Leaf Lake township, where he secured a farm of nearly 300 acres. He engaged in gen- eral farming and stock-raising, and at that time was the most extensive farmer in the eastern ])a,i-t of the county. He took a pi'oiiiiiient ]KU't in ollicial and political mat- ters, and iicid a iuniil)er of township offices. In 1SS3 he I'cnted his farm and for some time was engaged as an expert in the machinery business, and also followed collecting for a number of montiis. In 1S88 he sold his farm, and on the 28tli of March, 1888, located in tiie village of New York Mills. April 18, 1888, he moved into and took charge of the hotel, which he has since conducted. Mr. Clark was married September 29, 1872, to Miss Susan Persons, a native of New York. They liave tiiree ciiildren — Ira, Ida and George. In ]U)litical matters IVfr. Clark is a repub- lican, and lie may justly lie classed as one of tile leading citizens of Otter Tail county. -•4- -«- ERTON W. SPERRY, of the firm of liii' Sperry Brothers, dealers in stock) me;it, and agricultural implements, in Will- nuir, Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, is one of the most prominent and respected citizens of tiie city. He- is a native of Michigan, born in Amboy, Hillschile county, on tiie I'.tth da\' of August, 1843, and is tlie son of Jeremiah 7 wagons, and went across the plains, and set- tled in Jefferson A'alley, Madison county, Montana, wliere our subject engaged in min- ing and stock-raising, at which he was mod- erately successful. In 1876 lie returned on a visit, and again went back to Montana, PARK KF.GIO.VS OF MINNESOTA. 523 where he remained until 1S80. Then he went to Hamilton county, Iowa, where he was united in marriage to Miss Ada A. W\'deck, the daughter of Il\'le Wydeck, and then removed to Willmar, Kandiyohi count}', Minnesota, where he purchased an interest witli iiis brother in their present business. The^'are among the prominent and successful merchants of tiie city and are doing a heavy business. Mr. and Mrs. Sperry have been blessed witli thi'cc children — Ernest, Nellie and Mason. (_)ur subject is now assistant chief of tiie fire department, which position he lias held for two years. He has been presi- dent of the school Ijoai'd for tlie past four yeai's, and is a democrat in his political affil- iations. He is a man of the strictest intefir- rit\' and honor, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. He is a business man of sterling qualification and is actively inter- ested in all local matters, whereby the city or county, may derive benefit. He is a member of the Masonic fraternitv, holding membership with Sharon Lodge, No. llM, and has filled all the principal offices in the lodge. — «"S^{^'-«^- IsiLON. JOHN A. JOHNSON, ex-mayor, a JL"^ merchant and also a dealer in agricult- ural im])lements in Fargo, is one of the most prominent business men of North Dakota. He has been actively identified with the his- tory of Fargo, has servetl as mavor of the city ; and filled various offices pertaining to tiie government of the city, sucli as member of tiie city council, board of education, etc. A man of wide experience and excellent busi- ness ability ; and his straight-forward business methods and strict integrity have made liis word as good as a bond. John A. Johnson was boi'n near Wexio, in Sweden, on the 24th of April, 1842, and is a son of John and Elizabeth (Lone) Johnson. Our subject lived on a farm with his parents until he was twelve years old, and then the family came to the United States. The mother and two of his sisters died with cholera immediately after landing, and owing to this the family was bi'oken up and our subject was thrown upon his own resources. He came at once to Stillwater, Minnesota, and there secured work in a hotel where he learned the English language. He remained in the hotel about fifteen months, and then for four years attended school, working out during vacations. At the expiration of tliat time he went to Texas intending to engage in the cattle busi- ness, but the breaking out of the war changed his plans and he returned North- ward to Seymour, Indiana, where he went to work in the railroad shops. He became ;i jtractical engineer and soon took charge of a railway engine, which he ran in the South for the Government. In 1S66, his health failing, he quit railroading, came to Minnesota and engaged in farming and lumbering. In 1873 he was elected slierifi' of Washington count}', Minnesota, and moved into Stillwater. He held the office for six years, being twice re-elected and each time he received evern vote cast in the county. In March, 1880, he came to Fargo, North Dakota, and engaged in the agricultural implement business, which he has followed ever since. He also carries on the grocery business, having bought out Knowles *.t Company in 1887. His genial, whole-souled manners and fair dealing have built him a large business, and he is ranked among the most solid and substantial citizens of the city. He is a member of the Masonif fraternity, both of Chapter and Commandery and also a member of the Odd-Feiunvs Order. He has held various offices in all 01 these organizations. He has always taken a prominent and active [)ait in all matters of a 524 RED KIVKR VALLEY .4 jVD public nature, and every enterprise calculated to benefit his town or county receives his lioarty aid and encourai,aMnent. As lias been stated lie has served as mayor of Fargo, having been elected in 1885, and has also served as a member of the governor's staff. While a resident of Stillwater, Mr. John- son was admitted to the bar, and has also been admitted to practice in all the courts of Dakota, but he does not practice an}', e.x'cept to .attend to his own law matters. Mr. Johnson was married at St. Louis, August 27, 1865, to Miss Agnes A. Coler, a native of Switzerland, and a daugiiter of Joiin and Anna (Meyer) Coler. Their union has l)een blessed with tlie following ciiildren — Alice Elizabeth, John diester, Clarence Franklin, Laura Agnes and Law- rence Edwin. .-^^ f^COB FISHER, a prmninent and repre- sentative citizen of Todd county, Min- nesota, is a resident of the villatre of Loner Prairie, where he is engaged in the banking business. He is a native of New Jersey, born in Ilightstown, on the 25th of April, 1848, and is the son of Jacob and Rebecca (D3'e) Fislier. The father of our subject died in about 1850. The father and mother of the present suijject were the parents of tiie following children — Alfred, Mary, Abi- jali, Anna and Jacob. After the father's death the mother was married to Alfred Conover, and this uiiiun was blessed with four children, iiauieti as follows— Amanila., Aileliiie, Susan and Alice. The mother died in 1886. She was a devoted member of the Baptist church at Ilightstown. Jacob Fisher, of whom this memoir treats, received his education in Ilightstown, New Jersey, where he attended the New Jersey Classical and Scientific Institute until he was eighteen )'ears of age. At that period in life he removed to jMinnesota and settled at Sauk Center in 1867. Ilejnirchased land in Todd county in partnership witli J. D. Jones. The farm was situated near Fairy Lake in the township of Kandoto, and after residing upon it for some time Mr. Fisher removed to tiie village of Sauk Center, where he formed a partnership with S. P. Chandler in the Hour and feed business. Tn the fall of 1868 Mr. Fisher removed to tlie village of Long Prairie, Todd county, Min- nesota, where he and S. P. Chandler entered into the flour and feed business, also deal- ing in dry goods, groceries, etc. Ciiandler ife Fisher erected the first frame building for business purposes in the village. A fter ;i few years they formed a partnershi)) with John Wait in the general merchandise business, and a few years later Mi". Fisher sold his interest to Mr. Wait. He established the bank in July, 1888. For fifteen years Mr. Fisher has been enffaired in the wheat business in addi- tion to his banking interests, and is one of the prominent business men of tliis jiortion of the State. In 1884 Mr. Fisher ])nrciiased the old mill building at Long Prairie, and fitted it up for a grain elevator, ami has since continued to operate the same. Mr. Fislier was united in marriage in 1870 to Miss Malissa Chandler, and they have been blessed with one child — Leroy. Mr. Fisher is a republican in politics, and takes an active interest in all local matters. He and his family belong to the Baptist church, of which organization he is deacon. He is superintendent of the Sunday-school, and is an active worker in all church matters. In 1881 he was elected clerk of court of Todd county, and he has held that responsible ])osition ever since, lie is a man of unim- peachable integrity; and he stands high wherever he is known, both as an honorable and capable business man and an exciii)ilaiT citizen. PARK REGIONS OF MIXNESOTA. 525 TS^OUIS BORCHERS, the well-known pro- 11^ ' prietor of the brewing establishment in the village of Red Lake Falls, Polk count}', Minnesota, is a native of Gernian\\ lie was born in the province of Hanover, on the 19th (lay of -March, 1859, and is the son of Henry and Louisa (Dipke) Borchers, natives also of Gerinuny. The father is engaged in railroad business in the Old World. Mr. Borchers, the subject of this biograph- ical sketch, remained at home, in his native land, attending school until he had attained tiie age of fourteen years. At that period in life he commenced for himself, and secured a position in a store as clerk. Until he was seventeen he retained his position, and in November, 1870, he emigrated to' tiie United States. After a voyage of fourteen days he landed at New York, and from there went direct to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he secured a clerkship in a grocery store. At the expiration of two years he removed to lied Wing, Minnesota, and worked in the Hotel de Batlo for one year. In 1879 he went to Crookston, Minnesota, and entered an apprenticeship to the brewer's trade with August Walter, with whom he remained five years. In 1884 he went to Grand Forks, North Dakota, and worked in a brewery for eleven months. At the expi- ration of that time he went to Mil- waukee, Wisconsin, where he worked in Miller's Ijrewery for six months. From the city of Milwaukee our subject went to East Grand Forks, Minnesota, and obtained a position in a l)rewing establishment, where he remained eleven months. He then removed to Red Lake Falls, Polk county, Minnesota, where he took charge of the brewery at that place, becoming manager, and also took an interest in the establish- ment. He has since been engaged in the business at that place and has a large trade. He has a fine brewery, with a capacity of 6,()UU bai-rels per year. Tiiey now have on hand a stock of 600 barrels. Our sidiject is one of the thorough business men of the village, and is actively interested in all local movements. He is a meml)er of tlie In- dependent Order of Odd-Fellows, and is a num of the strictest honor and integrity. -«« James WHITFORD, a resident of Motley ^ and deputy sheriff of Morrison county, Minnesota, is a pioneer of Minnesota — a thorough frontiersman, having come to Minnesota while the State was as yet a Ter- ritory, in 18.5G. About all of his life has been spent on tiie frontier, and he has been a pioneer in the fullest sense of that term. Few men in the northei'n jiart of Minnesota are more Avideh' known, tVtr in earh' times his operations in different ways and at different times extended all the way from Duluth to Fargo. Mr. Whitford was born in Huntington county, Canada East, November 30, 1827, and is of Scotch extraction, both of liis parents having been born in Scotland. When our subject was thirteen years of age his parents removed to Lampton, Canada West. James emained there for a year or so. and then started in life for himself, and foi' some time was engaged in ''cruising ai'ound promiscu. ously." In 1856 became to St. Anthon}', in the then Territory of Minnesota. This is now known as Minneapolis, although at that time Minneapolis was unknown. After spending a week or so at that ])lace our sub- ject hired to a company hunting pine timber. They "staged it" up to Elk river, and there took canoes and followed up the Missis- sippi river ' to where it is joined by the Crow Wing river, and followed the latter stream up to Long Prairie river. At that time there were but very few settlers in Nortliern Minnesota, although a few were located at Sauk Rapids, Little Falls and 526 KKD KIVER VALLEY Ai\'D Swan Eiver. They explored the country all along the streams mentioned, and on their way back were " froze up " at the mouth of the Long Prairie. From there they " packed " their stuff down to the old Crow Wing trad- ing post, and from there took stages to St. Cloud and St. Anthony, ari'iving at the latter place about tiie middle of February. A day oi' two later our subject returned to the Nortliern part (jf Stearns county. IMinnesota, and spent the wintei' with his brother Jose})!). In the s])ring of 1857 the brothers engaged in freighting fronj St. Paul to Fort Abercronibie and Fort Gary. They used ox teams and the round trip consumed from thirty to thirty-five da_ys. The\' would take supplies out, and on the return would bring furs for the Hudson Ea}' Company. They followed this for four seasons. James Whit- ford's brother Joseph, with whom he was then in company, was a well-known man in pioneer times. Joseph located the original town site of Fergus Falls, and one of the streets of that city still bears his name. Joseph was afterward killed by tlu^ Indians in what was known as the "Detroit woods." After the expiration of the four years spent in freighting, James Whitford returned to his father's home in Canada, aiul I'emained about a year. In the fall of 18C2 he em- ployed himself ;it himbering — in tiie woods and on the "drive."' When the building of the Northern Pacific Railroad was com- menced, in the spring or summer of 1870, he commenced putting in camps along tliat line of road between Duluth and Brainei'd ; and during the winter of 1870-71 he was en- gaged in grading on the I'ailroad east of Brainerd. In the spr'ing of 1871 he went to where W^adena is now located, then known as Uniim Creek, and graded two miles of track there. He then eno'ao-ed with the con- strnction company and i'emained witii them until the road was completed to Fargo. In March, 1872, he took charge of a woi'k \ train and continued in this until the summer of 1875. lie was then laid up with the rheumatism and spent the following winter at the hot springs. Petnrning in the fall of 1876. for a time he had a half-interest in a threshing machine in Goodhue county, Minnesota, and durinir the followine: winter and spring followed lumbering. In the fall of 1877 he returned to Motley, and this lias been his head(juai'ters ever since, lie has been engaged in getting out wood, ties, etc., and still does a good deal of "cruisino:," or timber hunting, and he is about as well posted on Northern Minnesota pine lands as any man in the Northwest. lie has also taken an active and prominent part in local matters, and was one of the judges at the first election held in that locality, in the fall of 1876. He has held a great many local offices, has been a member of the village board for the past six years, \vas village marshal for several years, and has been de])uty sheriff for the past five years. He is a j)rominent member of the Masonic, and also of the Odd-Fellows fraternities, and stands high in the community in which he lives as an exemi)lary citizen. Our subject was married May 16, 1877, to Ellen Johnson, whose parents were the fii-st settlers at Motley. They have been the parents of five children, thi-ee of whom are livinof. ^■i^ .-^. ^'"•'^ALVIN L.SPAULDING, cashier of the Lumbermen's Exchange Pank, in Brainerd, Crow" Wing county, Minnesota, is one of the most prominent business men of that locality. He is also engaged in the real estate and insurance business, and holds an interest in the bank. Mr. Spaulding is a native of the State of Vermont, born in Burlington, Vermont, on the 16th of May, 18-12, and is the son of Roswald and Calista PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 527 (Farinswortli) Spaiilding, also natives of Vermont. Mr. Spaulding, of whom this article treats, remained at home attending school until he liad attained the age of sixteen years. From tliat period in life nntil he was twenty he worked in a nursery a part of the time and then went to Chicago, Illinois, where he attended commercial college for some time and then clerketl 111 a general store for one year. On the 25th day of Jul^', 1802, he enlisted in Company G, Eighteenth Michigan Infantry, and was appointed orderly sergeant. In Fehruary, 1803, he was promoted to second lieutenant of Company II. He was trans- ferred to Company C of the same regiment, and was promoted to first-lieutenant, and commanded the company, acting as captain for fourteen months. He was taken pris- oner September 23, 1804, at Athens, Ala- bama, and was confined two months at Enterprise, Mississippi, then removed to Memphis, Tennessee, where he was paroled. He then went to Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, and after five weeks joined his com- pany in January, 1805, at Decatur, Alabama. The regiment was shortly after stationed at Hunt's Hill, Alabanui, where they remained until they were mustered out in June, 1805, not disbanding, however, until July 4, 1805, at Jackson, Michigan. After our subject received his honorable discharge he went to Jonesville, Micliigan, where he secured a position as book-keeper in a general store, where he remained for nine years. In 187 4rhew as admitted as a i)artner, the firm being Sibbald, Spaulding & Co., and until 1879 was actively engaged in a general merchandising business at that place. During a part of that time, from 1807 until 1874, he held the office of post- master. In 1879 he removed to Minnesota, settling in Minneapolis, where he was em- ployed as book-keeper, in the First National Bank. In the fall of 1881 he was advanced to the responsible position of head book- keeper, which position he held until 1883. In May, 1883, he removed toBrainerd, Crow "VViiig county, Minnesota, and, in partnership with Hantly Brothers, engaged in the real estate business. In 1885 the Lumbermen's Exchange Bank was established, and since tluxt time Mr. Spaulding has held the posi- tion of cashier. He also has an interest in the bank, find is engaged in the real estate and insurance business. He is one of the prominent business men of the city and is actively interested in all local matters. Mr. Spaulding was united in marriage on the 7th day of April, 18 WILLIAM J. MORROW, the present efficient county auditor of Becker count}'^, Minnesota, is a resident of the village of Detroit, where he is engaged in his official duties. He is a native of Canada born in Ottawa, on the 20th day of May, 1848, and is the son of AVilliam and Cath- erine (Barrie) Morrow, natives of Canada. The father was engaged in the lumber busi- ness in Canada, and died in 1853. The father and mother of our subject were the parents of two children — William J. Morrow and John Morrow (deceased). 528 KEP RH'ER VALLEY AND W. J. Morrow, the subject of tliis biogra- phy, received his education in his native land and attended the liiut the mother still resides on the farm. There were nine in the family, besides the one whose name heads this sketch. Mr. . Suntlet was married in Moorhead Minnesota, July 28, 1875, to Miss Annie Anderson, a daughter of Andreas and Julia (Johnson) Anderson, natives of Norway. PARK REGION'S OF MINNESOTA. 529 She was born in Whol, Rengerige, Norway, March 19, 1852. They are the parents of four children — Jnlis Obert, Adolph, Thomas aiul Jennie Matilda. Mr. and Mrs. Sundet are members of the Norwegian Lutheran cliurcli. ^1)'. Siindi't has built uj) an extensive and lucrative business, by iiis honorable business niethoils, and is rateii as one of the most reli- able and sul)stantial business men of the count \- in which he lives. -^^ #JDGE ARBA K. MAYNARD, attorney at law and justice of the peace of Atwater, is one of the leading and representative men of Kandiyohi county, Minnesota. He is a native of New York State, born in Madison county, New York, on the 25th day of April, IS03, and is the son of Moses and Annie (Lincoln) Maynard. Our subject's parents were of English descent, and tlie following- narrative will be interesting in the history of his ancestry'. Macaulay, in his History of England, relates that when William IIL invaded England and re-established the laws which James IL had subverted, he marched in trium|)h into London and was met by the different classes of citizens with addresses of welcome. The members of the legal fra- ternity of London marched in front to wel- come the king, Sergeant Maynard at their head, then ninety- three years old and the acknowledged leader of the London bar. After he had presented the address of wel- come, in the name of his brethren, King Will- iam said to liim: " Sergeant, you must have ontlived all thelawyersof yonrtime." " Yes, sire," replied tlie sergeant. " and but for your majesty \v(nild have outlived the laws." A coat-of-arms is another thing upon which the ancestry of our subject base their claims to aristocracy : the device being a hand with three hearts in the palm. The parents of our subject both died in New York State. They were the parents of four childen, named as follows — Dr. Edward, of Washington City, District of Columbia; Butler, of New York City ; our subject, and one sister, who is now living; with her grandchildren in Michigan. Mr. Maynard, of whom this article treats, renuiined at home, working on the farm, also working in a hotel at night. He received a good education, attending the district schools and when sixteen years of age became a school teacher. When he was twenty-one he began the study of law and classics under Judge Rogers. In 1832 he was admitted to the bar as an attorney, in New York City, and during the following- year was admitted as a solicitor in chancery at Albany, New York. In 1835 he was admitted as counsellor, and in 1837 was admitted to practice in the United States supreme court, at Washington, District of Columbia. Immediately after his first admis- sion to the bar he opened an office in Norwich, Chenango county, New York, where he took a high place at the bar and rennxined for a number of years. He next went to New York City, where he opened an office and remained there in active prac- tice man}' years. In 1855 or 1856 he was elected judge of the marine court, an exclu- sively civil court, and held this important position for nearly ten years. In 1861:, with the intention of making a farmer of his son, he came to Minnesota and settled in Le Sueur county. He became largely inter- ested in land and bought out a numlier of valuable claims, including prairie and timber lands, bordering upon the beautiful lakes of that vicinity. The son did not take to farm- ing, and soon opened a country store in Le Sueur county. Later liis son came to Atwater and opened a store, while our sul)ject sold his interests in Le Sueur county, and removed to St. Paul. In 1881 the Judge bought considerable tax title land in the vicinity of Atwater, and has since made this his home. 53° RED RIVER VALLEY AND Judge Maynard is a democrat in political matters, ami is one of tiie lead- ing members of tliat party in the central ])art of the State. He represented Le Sueur county in the Minnesota legislature during the sessions of 1806-67, and in the fall of 1867 was the nominee of his party for the office of lieutenant-governor, on the same ticket with Judge Fiandreau, the latter being the nominee for governor, lie has always taken a prominent part in ])ublic afl'airs and has held a great many local offices, having been justice of the peace nearly all the time since lie came to Minnesota. A man of excellent legal and literary attainments, lie is lieitl in higii esteem, botii jn-ofessionally and as an exeniphiry citizen, lie is a member of the Masonic and Odd-Fellows fraternities, and is an active ])articipant in all matters aft'ect- ing the public welfare. Jiulge Maynard was married in 1833 to Miss JNlinerva Gates, a sister-in-law of Judge Purdy. They became the parents of tJie fol- lowing chilch'en — Minerva and Graydon. -«— ^ARTIN HALVORSON, of the firm of ^~LXf'^ Ilalvorson & Eoe, general mer- chants of Belgi'ade village, Stearns county Minnesota, is a native of Norway. He was born on the 18th of September, 1856, and is the son of llalvor and liannie (Gunderson) Petterson, also natives of Norway. Mr. Ilalvorson, of whom this article treats, remained at home in his native land, attend- ing scliool until he was eleven years old. In lSf>7 he eniigi'ated to the United States, with his father and brother, Hans, and after landing in New York City came direct to Minnesota, and settled in Kandiyohi count}'. There the father took a quarter-section of land, and at once commenced farming opera- tions. Our subject remained with his father until he was nineteen 3'ears of age, when he commenced in life for himself. For the first three years he engaged in farming on his own account, and at the expiration of tiiat time Sold out and removed up into the Red liiver Valley, where he remained three years engaged in various occui)ations. In 1880 he went to Belgrade village, Stearns county, Minnesota, and in partnei'ship with Mr. Roe engaged in the general merchandising busi- ness. Tiiey are doing a first-class business and carry a stock of about §5,000. They are the leading merchants of the village and their trade is gradually increasing. ]\Ir. Ilalvorson was nuii'ried on the 23d of September, 1884 to Miss Tina Petei'son, and tliis union has been blessed with two chil- dren — Harmon and i'eter. Oui-subjcct now holds the office of township and scliool treasurer. In political matters he is an adherent to the principles of tiie I'epublican part^^ He is a citizen of zealous public spirit and an}' home enterpise receives his hearty support. ■''^ARL G. THVSELL, a prominent liard- ^y ware and furniture dealer of the vil- lage of Hawle}', Clay county, Minnesota, settled there in 1873, on a farm three miles from the village, where he lived until 1887, when he removed into the village and estab- lished his ])resent business. Previous to this, in 1882, he had o])ened his furniture shop, and, in lSS-1, took in as a partner II. A. ]\Iyron. The}' have since remained in busi- ness, and are now among the leading hard- ware men in the village. They liandleafull line of goods, including agricultural im])le- ments, wagons, stoves, tinware, sleds, cutlery, harness, building paper, guns, etc., and are doing a large and increasing business. Our subject is a native of the kingdom of Sweden, born in 18-19. Mr. Thy sell, of whom this article treats, remainetl in his native land and attended II PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 531 school until he was eighteen years of age, wiien he emigrated to the United States, and removed at once to Minnesota, locat- ing in Meelcer coiintv. wiiere lie remained two years, wuriving in a furniture store. For the fii'st summer, however, lie worked on a farm, and tlien entered the furniture busi- ness, lie then removed to Cla}' county, Minnesota, and, as before stated, toolc a farm and engaged in farming. Wliile residing tiiere he toolc a ti-ip to Fort liipley, where he remained some time, and then returned to to his place, where he remained until remov- ing into the village. He still retains his farm, wiiich he rents. It now comprises 560 acres, under good cultivation, and with excellent building improvements. Mr. Tliysell was united in marriage on the 25th day of December, 1878, to Miss An- geline Burges, and this union lias been blessed witJi the following-named children — Herbert Bartlett, born June 27, 1880; Carl John, born June 20, 188i; and Albion K. P. l)orn January 1, 1886. Our subject and his family belong to the Lutheran church. Mr. Thysell is an honored member of the Odd- Fellows fraternity and is a republican in politics. He is an active and capable busi- ness man antl is loyal to all tlie best interests of village or county. ^^USTAVE DEMARS, M. D., is the lead- ^^pr ing pliysician and surgeon of the town of Ila]locl<, Kittson county, Minnesota. lie was born in tlie Province of Namur, lielgium, December 2, 1835. His parents were J. B. and Victoria (Mathew) fJemars, natives of Belgium. The subject of our sketch lived with liis parents until he attained his majority and was given the highest advantages for obtain- ing a thoi'ough education. At the age of twenty -one 3'ears he turned his attention to teaching school and one year was spent in this line in his native land. He then came to the United States, stopping first at Ciiicago, Illinois, where he studied medicine for some time with Dr. Brainard. Fi'om Chicago he removed to Kankakee, same State, where he practiced medicine until 186'J, returning in that year to Chicago, where he engaged in the practice of his profession and taught in the high school for two years. He was also appointed justice of the peace in 1879, and attended to the legal requirements of that office, beside the duties of his other professional work. He made his home in Chicago until 1883, wiien lie removed to Fargo, Dakota Terri- tory, and after a stay of two months went to Hallock, Kittson county, Minnesota. On going to Hallock he resumed the active practice of his profession, which he has con- tinued ever since. In politics he was always a republican, and was instrumental in organ- izing political clul)S tlirough Illinois and "Wisconsin from 1864 to 1880. The Doctor was married at Kankakee, Illinois, August 28, 1863, to Miss Eliza Reeves, daugliter of Narcissus and Sophia (Brunell) Eeeves, natives of Canada. This marriage has been blessed with eight chil- dren — Lizzie Hayes, Stella, Gustave and Italpli. Those deceased were named Arthur, Nellie, Leida and Edwin. Dr. Demars has occupied a prominent position socially', and in a business sense ever since liis coming to Hallock. He is a man of strcjug individuality, and exerts a strong influence among his fellows. He is thor- oughly^ educated, highly proficient in his profession, genial and sociable, and has built up a large practice, which covers a territory including Crookston on the south and Winni- peg on the extreme north. He makes a specialty of female diseases, and has per- formed many difficult operations, besides bringing about man}' remarkable cures. 532 JiED RIVER VALLEY A. yj) While in Kankakee, Illinois, he held the position of postmaster, and was one of the supervisors of the county in whicii he lived. In Chicago he was a justice of the peace, and, since coming to liallock has been presi- dent of the village council, and also county coroner. He owns a fine residence in the village. /^HARLES A. SMITH, a successful and N^y prominent merchant of Todd county, Minnesota, is engaged in the general mer- chandise business in liie village of lUirhain- vilie. He is a native of Wisconsin, i)()rn in Winnebago county on the 2'2d day of Jan- uary, 1850, and is the son of Kingsley and Francis (Libby) Smith, natives of New York and Maine, respectively. The father of our subject died on the 6th of July, 1880, and the mother is still living in Todd county. After the marriage of the father and mother of our subject tiiey settled in Sherburne county, Minnesota, where they remained a few years,, engaged in farming, and then went to Mille Lacs county, Minnesota, where thej'- farmed seven years. At the expiration of that time they went to Stearns county, Minnesota, and then to Anoka county, where they remained five years. They then moved to Todd county, in 1868, and settled in Eurhamville township, where the widowed mother still resides. Mr. Smith, the subject of this sketch, received his education principallj' in the Anoka high school, aiul at tiie age of eigh- teen years removed with his pai'ents to Todd county, Minnesota. After settling in Todd county our subject remained on his father's farm assisting in the operation of the same, and in 1874 engaged in farming on his own account. After live years devoted to agi'i- cultural ])ursuits he opened his present store in the village of Eurhamville, Todd county, Minnesota, where he has since remained carrying on the business. He carries a full line of goods and is the leading merchant in the village. He does an extensive business amonji: the farming communitv throus-hout the county, and has always given the best of satisfaction to all his customei-s. Mr. Smith wasmari'ied in Decend)er, 1874, to ^fiss Eliza Shannon, a native of Anoka county, Minnesota, and the daughter of Daniel Shannon, a jjrosperous farmer of Anoka count3\ Mrs. Smith passed away on the 14th of December, 1888, and was interred in th(> Long Prairie Catholic Cemeterj'. Mr. and Mi-s. Smith were always devoted mem- l)ers of the Catholic cluu-ci:. ]\Ir. Smith is one of tiie pi'ominent and representative l)usiness men of the village of Eurhamville, and has held the offices of postmaster for three years, and school directoi' for live vears. He is a stanch democi'at in his political affiliations, and always' evinces -a lively interest in all matters of a local nature; -«-! AURICE GREEN, a prominent farmer ^.SJjf^^ and stock-raiser residing on section 4, GraceviUe township, Eig Stone county, Minnesota, is the oldest settler in that vicinity. The village of GraceviUe was founded under the ausjiices of the Catholic Colonization Society in the spring of 1877. Our subject, ]\Iaurice Green, arrived here in ]\iarrli, IST^, three days in advance of any of the other settlers. Colonel King (the agent), D. Fahey and William Nash came in rapid succession and were the second, third and fourth settlers, respectively. After this the settlement was very rapid and the settlers crowdetl in and took claims and began improvements. Mr. Green was born between Clonmell and Cashell, near Clerihan, in county Tip- perary, Ireland, in 1842, and, is a son of Thomas and Margaret Green, who were also natives of li'eland. He was reared and edu- PARK REGIONS OF MINNESO TA. 533 cated in the land of liis birth, and in January, 1S<')2, he crossed the Atlantic and settled in Newfoundland. After live years' residence there he went to Marlboro, Massachu- setts, where he seciirod an imiiortant and responsible position, having charge of the ])rineipal department of a large shoe factorjr. He remained there until 187S, when he came west and located witiiin half a mile of the present site of Graceviile, as has already been stated. Pie homesteaded 160 acres of land Aviiere he has since lived. About 120 acres arc under a higli state of cultivation, and he lias convenient and comfortable building improvements. lie devotes his attention to gener'ai farming and stock-raising, and has about forty heatl of cattle, together with some good specimens of graded stock. Mr. Green was married in 18G4 to Miss Margaret Flynn, and they have five children — Thomas, Mary, Edward, John and William. Thomas is running two elevators in Mur- dock, Minnesota. Marv is a sister of the Order of St. Jose})li, and is in a convent at St. Paul. Mr. Green has taken an active interest in all matters of a public nature, and has been prominent in all moves affecting the welfare of this locality. ITe has held various local offices, and is at present a member of the board of supervisors. In political matters lie is a democrat, and is a member of tiie Catholic church. ©LOF S. ERICKSON, senior partner of the fii-m of Erickson & Larson, gen- eral merchants of the village of Warren, Marshall count}', Minnesota, is a native of the kingdom of Sweden. He was born in Sunne on the 23d day of June, 1863, and is the son of P^rick and T\a jsa Sjoquist, natives of the kingdom of Sweden. Mr. Erickson, the subject of this article, remained in his native land attending school until he was fifteen years old. He then secured work with a lumber company in his native land, with whom he worked eight years. In 1882 he emigrated to the United States, and after a voj'age of fourteen days landed in New York. He stopped in Pepin county, Wisconsin, for three months, working on a farm, and then went to Marshall county, Minnesota, settling in the village of Warren. He worked for farmers for eighteen months, and then gained a position as clerk in the store of R. H. Fohvell, and after working for him fifteen months clerked in the general store of K. J. Taralseth for five months. He then attended the G. W. College, at St. Peter, Minnesota, for four months, and after returning and w'orking in the store of his last employer, Mr. Taralseth, for eiglit months, entered a course of study in Min- neapolis Northwestern College of Com- merce. After attending two months he returned to Warren, and was employed as assistant postmaster for seven months. He then entered into partnership with Mr. Larson in general merchandising. They have since carried on the business under the firm name of Erickson & Larson. They carr}^ a heavy and complete stock of goods and are liavinij' ;i (rood tra.de. They are well known tiiroughout tlu; county and com- mand the patronage of the general public. Mr. Erickson was mari-ied on the 20th day of November, 1887, to Miss Mary J. Ilalvor- son, the daughter of Jorgen and Ingaborg llalvorson, natives of Norway. Mr. and Mrs. Erickson have been blessed with one child — Arthur William. Our subject and family belong to the Lutheran church. He, Mr. Erickson, has been notary public for two years, and in political nuitters affiliates with the repui)lican party. He is a man of the strictest honor and integrity, highly esteemed bv all who know him. 5 34 RED KIVEK VALLEY AND lOMAS J. BENNETT. Prominent among the popular landlords in the Red River Valley and Park Regions of Minnesota, is the subject of this article, the pro]irietor of the Grand Hotel, at Pelican Rapids, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. He is a native of Wisconsin, born on the 30th of ]\Iay, 1S4S, and is the son of Charles and Mary (Cox) liennett, natives of England. Mr. Bennett, the subject of this biograph- ical memoir, remained at home and attended school until he had attaineil the age of eiffht- een years. In 1860 he went to Atchison, Kansas, where he worked for the Government at freighting and in 1866 went to Leaven- worth. Kansas, where he hauled lumber for Fort Ellsworth. He then returned to Atchi- son, and from there went to Central City, Colorado, where he remained during the winter, and m the spring went to Chej'enne Pass, where he worked one spring for the Union Pacific Railroad Company, getting out ties. In the summer of 1867 he was engaged in the freight business froiii Denver to Sante Fe, and back to Julesburg, Wyoming, and on all that line of railroad. [Jntil the spi'ing of 1869 he was engaged in fi'cightingin various j)oints in the countiy, and tlien I'eturned to Wisconsin, and after remaining about eight- een months on a farm, went to Fort Union, Iowa, looking for land. He then went to Faribault, Minnesota, where he worked at tlie cooper's trade, and ran a saw for the Milwaukee Raili'oad Company, for about one year and a half. At the expiration of that time our suljject went to Minneapolis, Minnesota, and engaged at his trade, and at tlio end of four years again returned to Wisconsin, where he purchased a farm anil for two years was actively en- gaged in general farming operations. He then sold liis farm and returned to Minneapolis, Minnesota, and after working one year at his trade went to tlie northei'n part of the State, In March, 1881, he located in Pelican Rapids. Otter Tail county, J[innesota. and took a homestead, and until 1888 was engaged in general farming and stock-raising. In Sep- tember, 1888, be rented the Grand Hotel, which he has operated ever since. It is a fii"st-class house and lias a liberal sliare of the patronage of the traveling ])ublic. He still owns his farm of 2oO acr<'s, wiiicli he rents. Mr. Bennett was married April 7, ls72, to Miss Nancy King, and this union has been blessed with the following-named cliildren — Pierce, Charles and Roy. In ))olitical mattei-s our subject affiliates with the repub- lican party and is actively interested in all local matters. He is a man of the strictest integrity and honor, and is liighly esteemed by all who know him. pSAAC HAZLETT. Prominent among the IL enterprising and representative business men of Wadena county, ]\Iinnesota, is tlie subject of this article, a resident of the vil- lage of A^erndale, where he is engaged in a general banking business. He is a native of tlie State of Ohio, born in Zanesvilie, on the 18th day of September, lSo-2, and is tiie son of John C. and ]\[argaret Ilaziett, natives of Ohio. The father and mother, with their family, removed to Iowa, in 1853, where they have since remained. They were the jwrents of four cliildren, nametl as follows— ^Matilda E., Harry, Isaac and Ral})ii C. Mr. Ilaziett, of whom this biograpiiical memoir treats, remained in his native State until he was twelve months old, wlien his parents removed to the State of Iowa, settling in Waverly, where our subject remained during his boyhood, attending the public schools of that locality. At the age of thirteen years he .secured a ]iosi- tion as clerk in his fatlier's store. At tlie age of twenty-one he entered into business PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 535 witli his father, undei' the firm name of Hazlett & Son, and remained in bnsiness with liini until 1SS2. lie tlien removed to the northwestern part of Minnesota, and located hi the village of Verndale, Wadena connty. whore he opened a ])rivate bank, in partner- siup wiMi E. S. Case. The bank stood on the oj)pMsite corner from the present building, and at that time had a capital of $10,000. During the summer of 1882 they erected tiieir present building, with all the modern improvements, lire-proof vault, burglar-proof safe with tlie Sargent & Greenleaf time lock, etc. When the bank opened its doors for business on the 1st day of May, 1882, its officers were Isaac Hazlett, ])resident ; E. S. Case, vice-president, and I. II. Bradford, cashier. In the following Jimuary Mr. iJradt'oi'd resigned and was suc- ceeded l)y S. L. Frazier, who had previously acted as book-keeper. In May, 1883, our subject purchased his partner's interest and lias been sole proprietor since that date. The Inisiness of the bank has steadily increased in volume and to-day is such as any man might well feel proud of. The suc- cess of the Wadena County Bank may be attributed largely to the untiring energy and uniform coui'tesy of the management. The individual responsibility of the bank is now 875.0(10. They make hard collections a specialty and devote i)articular attention to lii'e and Hve stock insurance, every loss at tiiat agency l)eing satisfactorily adjusted. Their correspondents are Ciiase National I'ank, New York City ; First National Bank, St. Paul, and National Bank of Commerce. I\[inneii[)olis. In addition to his banking interests here Mr. Hazlett is actively inter- ested in real estate matters and also has a l)ank at Motley, Minnesota, managed by E. K. Nichols, cashier. He is one of the suc- cessful business men, and is highly esteemed and respected by all who know him. In political matters he affiliates with the demo- cratic party and is actively interested in all local movements. A man of the strictest integrity, his word is recognized as being as good as a bond. He is thoroughly wedded to his business and never tires of making a dollar or spinning a yarn. -«- «^» OHN B. WELING is one of the oldest settlers of AYilkin county, IMinne.sota. He is a farmer on section 24, township 134, range 48, in the organized township of Mc- Cauleyville. Mr. Weling was born in Osage county, Missouri.on the 13th day of February, 1849. He is a son of Anton and Elizabeth (Fork) Weling. Both the parents were born in Germany and emigrated to America in about 1844. The father has always been a farmer and now lives with his son. The mother died when Mr. Weling, our sul)ject, was one and one-half years old. They were the pai-ents of five children, two of whom still live- Louisa, and John B., our subject. Bouisa is now the wife of Mr. Beneckey and they reside in Missouri. Mr. Weling was educated in. the common schools of i\fiss(niri and Minnesota. In- 1859 the father, son and daughter left Missouri coming to Steai-ns county, Min- nesota. Here the father engaged in farming, which he continued until about 1869; the son remained at home assisting on the farm until ISf'.r.; then he came to McCauleyville, Wilkin county, Minnesota, where he clerked in the store of David ]\IcCauley. after whom the village is named. Mr. Weling continued with his employer about two years; then he engaged in the freighting bnsiness, as every commodity used in the vicinity then had to be freighted from St. Cloud, mostly with ox- teams. He also found general employment in connection with his freighting business. This he followed for about one year, when he 536 RED RIVER VALLE V AND came on the farm which lie now occupies. In 1869 the father liomesteatled 160 acres oil the east bank of the Red River of the North, about three miles south of the little hamlet of McCauleyville. On account of his minority the son was then imable to file on a claim. Here the father and son have resided and farmed ever since. They are the owners of three-quarters of a section or 4S0 acres of land. It is all under cultivation, except fifty acres of pastur- age. The father is now i-etired from the active duties of the farm, but the son carries on general fai'ming, with the neces- sar}^ amount of stock, owning about fifty head of cattle and a number of horses. Mr. Weling was married March 1, 1S7.5, to Miss Anna Robbers, of St. Cloud, Minne- sota. She is a daughter of Ludvig Robbers, a farmer and saloon-keeper of that place. Mr. and Mrs. Weling are the parents of seven children — Mary, Lizzie, Louisa, Louis, Anna, Nora and John. • Mr. AVeling affiliates with the democratic part}^, yet he is liberal in his views and frequently supports the best man, irrespect- ive of party affiliations. He has served his county in the capacity of county commis- sioner for three j'ears, and has held the usual town and school offices. He is not only among the earliest settlers of the Red River Valley, but is also among the most sub- stantial and solid farmersof this famed valley. ^'"•^ HRISTIAN J. KNUTSON. The gentle- man whose name heads this biography is a resident of Kensington village, Douglas county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in a successful general merchandising business, under the firm name of C. J. Ivnutson & Co. He is a native of Sweden, born on the 2Tth of September, 1856, and is the son of John and Anna (Nilson) Knutson, also natives of that kinnts, attending school until he had attained the age of thirteen years, when he entered the high school at Osliawa, from which he graduated at the age of sixteen. He then went to Whitty, and attended the institute at that place, graduating with high Iionors in the fall of 1882. He then engaged in the [)rofession of school-teaching, at which he was employed a little over two years, (luring which time he also studied medicine. At the age of twenty years he entered the medical department of the Iowa State University, at Iowa City, and on the 7th of March, ISSS, graduated with high honors and received the degree of M. D. He then went to Grafton, North Dakota, to visit his brother Frank, who was practicing medicine there, and from tiiere to Ilillsboro and eneaged in his profession until May, 1888, when he received word of his brothei's illness and at once went to Grafton to care for him. On the ;!d (^f June, 1888, his brother died, and after removing the remains to Ontario, our subject returned to Grafton and opened an office for the practice of his profession. During the first month he made only $20, but since that time his practice has rapidly inci'eased until now he is one of the leading l)hysicians in the city. He is a man of int(^grity and honor and is highly esteemed, both as a pliysician and a citizen. He is actively engaged in his profession and has a good class of ]iatronage. Dr. Glaspel was united in nuirriage on the 2d of December, 1885, to Miss Eva Whit- lock, a native of Ontario, (Canada, and the daughter of Reverend J. and Mary (Metlierill) AVliitlock, natives of Prince Edward Island. ]\[r. and Mrs. Glaspel have been blessed with one ciiild — Muriel. Our subject is actively interested in all matters of a local nature, and is an adherent to the principles of the republican part3^ He is the surgeon of the Grafton National Guard, and also examining surgeon for United States pensions. /|^HARLES G. RAPP, who is engaged in V^^ the general merchandising business in the village of St. Hilaire, Polk county, Min- nesota, is a native of the kingdom of Sweden. He was born in Grerma, Sweden, on the ISth day of Jul}', 1856, and is the son of John and Mary (Anderson) Rapp, also natives of that kingdom. The father died in 1863, and the mother re-married. Through life the father was engaged in agricultural pursuits. Mr. Rapp, the subject of this biographical sketch, remained at home in his native land until he was eleven years of age, when he commenced in life for himself. Durino' the time he remained at home he attended school, and earh' in life had instilled into his mind the principles of integrity, industry and fru- jjalitv, which so distinguish the nationalitv he represents. After leaving home he secured work on a farm, and until 1873 was engaged in farming. In 1873 he emigrated to the United States, and after landing located in Red Wing, Goodhue county, Minnesota, where he remained about eight years, attend- ing school in the winters, and working out among the farmers tluring the summer. Six months of that time had been spent in Chi- cago, Illinois, where he clerked for Field. Leiter & Co. In December, 1881, he removed to Polk county, IMinnesota, where he took a pre-emption claim, on which he proved up in the spring of 1882. At that time he removed into the village of St. Hilaire, where he secured a position as clerk for Crocker A: Cundy, in the general merchandise store. In January, 1SS4, he opened a general merchan- dise store, on his own account, and at that time was appointed j)()stmaster. He now 540 FED fiJVEK VALLEY AND carries a fine stock of goods and is doing a good business. lie is a steady and coni[)etent businessman, and is iiighly esteemed by all who know iiini, as a man of the utmost integrity. Mr. Rapp was married in Spring Garden, Goodiiue county, Minnesota, on the 31st day of December, 1885, to Miss Jennie Holmes, the daughter of Gustaf and Anna (Felt) Holmes, natives of Sweden. Our subject is a rcpul)lican in his political alfiliations, and is a member of the village council. -■*-J^^^-4>- "^■^R. T. H. BLY. The subject of this i)iographical ai'ticle is a resident of the village of Paynesville, Minnesota, where he is engaged in the medieval })rofession, also running a drug store in the village. He is a niitive of the State of New York, born in Chautauqua county, New York, on the 16th day of July, 1852, and is the son of Henry, and Julia (Stoneman) Bl}^, also natives of New Y'ork State. The father died in 1879. The mother passed away in 1878. Dr. Bh', of whom this article treats, renuiined on the farm at home, attendine: school and assisting about the place, until he had attained the age of twenty -one years, when he entered tlie medical department of the college at Cincinnati, Ohio, where he attended one \'ear, then going to Boston, where he attended the iledical Universit}' and graduated with liigh honors. In 1870 he went to Charleston, West Virginia, wh(>re he remained for four years. He then returned to New York State, and from tliei'e removed westward, settling in Grove city, Minnesota, and after remaining a short time removed to Paynesville village, where he remained two years engaged in his profession. At the expiration of that time, he went to St. Cloud, Minnesota, and engaged in the drug business, remaining there two velars. He then returned to Paynesville. where he has since remained. He estaljlished his ]ireseiit drug store, which he runs in addition to his medical woi'k. He has a large and rapidly increasing practice aiul is doing a good drug business. He is one of the most successful physicians in the village and is well and favc^rably known throughout the county. He carries a full line of drussists' goods and is doing as heavy a business as any in the village. Dr. Bl}' was united in marriage on the 18th day of August, 1880, and this union has been blessed with one child — Eoyal. Oar subject is actively interested in all local matters. He is oneol the jjromincnt profes- sional men of the village and is highly esteemed by all who know him. M JiiLoN. JOHN C. BENNEWITZ. Promi- nent among the business men of Mai shall county, Minnesota, is the gentleman whose names heads this biographical memoir, a resident of the village of Argyle, where he is enaaged in the lumber busin(>ss. He is a native of Germany, boi'n in Andisleben Erfurt, Prussia, on the 8(1 day of June, 1826, and is the son (jf William Henry and Eliza- beth (Kieger) Bennewitz, natives also of that kingdom. Mr. Bennewitz remained at home, assisting his father on the farm until he was twenty years old, and attending school until he was fourteen years okl. In 1847 he was con- scripted in the Prussian army, and after the service of one year was promoted to a corporal. His pa}' was 7^ cents and 1 \ pounds of coarse bread per da3\ He received 4^ cents cash and 3J cents in warm soup, three dinners per week without meat, and meat the other four meals. He fought against General Sigel dui'ing the Civil War in Baden, Germany. Sigel was a general in PARK' KKCIONS OF MrNNESOTA. 541 our late Civil War. Mr. Bennewitz was engaged in several battles about Heidelberg and Rastadt. Tiie latter fortress he besieged for over three weeks. In one of these eniraffements he received a canister-shot in ids ivnapsack. He turned at the moment and escaped without injury. He still retains the jiicce of knapsack as a keepsake, as it shows I lie liolc made b\' the ball. Mr. Bennewitz now lias a medal of lionor, which was presented to liini by the Gland Duke of Baden. InlS.52our subject emigrated tc> tlie United States and first settled in Waukesha couiit}^, Wisconsin, wiiere he purchased a farm of eight}' acres, and for live years remained there engaged in a general farming and stock-raising busi- ness. In 1853, in casting his first vote, he was elected constable in the town of Ottawa, Wisconsin. In 1857 he sold out and removed to Goodhue county, Minnesota, where he followed agricultural pursuits from 1857 to 1S72. In 1872 he sold his farm of 280 acres for $30 an acre, and in that year was elected to the State legislature, and from 1870 to 1876 was county commissioner. In 1873 he took a trip to his native land, where he again visited the scenes of his childhood. In 1874 he returned to the United States and for liv(! months taught school in Frontenac, Minnesota. In 1S7(J he removed to Red Wing, Minnesota, and for five years was engaged in the wheat business. In 1881 he moved to Marshall county and settled in Ar- gyle, where he engaged in the machinery business for a period of two years ; also be- ing one of the first grain dealers. In 1883 he ojiened his present lumber 3'ard, which he has operated since that time. He handles all grades of lumber, saslies, doors, shingles, laths, etc. He is the owner of 5()0 acres of land near Argyle. which he has rented. Mr. P)ennewit/, was married in Wisconsin on the 2t)th day of March, 1853, to Mrs. Mary (Iluegelman) Menzel, the widow of Conrad Menzel ami the daughter of Zach- arias and Mary (Palterman) Huegelraan. By her first marriage Mrs. Bennewitz had five children — "Reinhold, Carl, Williuiii, Amelia and Loisa. Mr. and Mrs. Bennewitz have been blessed with two children, named Theodore and Henry. Theodore married Miss Estella Bayrell and lives in Argyle, where he is engaged in the hardware and machinery business. Henry married Miss Louisa Startz and lives in Warren, IMinnesota, where he runs a harness shoj) and is iloing a good business. Mrs. Bennewitz died in Argyle, Minnesota, on the 2d day of August, 1887, and was interred in the Red Wing Lutheran Cemetery. Our subject held the office of ]>resident of the village council for three years. In polit- ical matters he affiliates with the democratic party. He is a man of the strictest integrity and honor, and is actively interested in all local movements. Mr. Bennewitz in 1802 received a commission as captain in the Tenth Regiment, State militia, ant! in fact has held many other offices of trust and honor, to which not every foreign born citi- zen has the honor of being chosen to fill. jtjLE THARALDSON, who is engaged tM^ in the general merchandising business in the village of Fertile, Polk county, Min- nesota, is a native of the State of Iowa. He was born in Winneshiek county, Iowa, on the 7th day of March, 1867, and is the son of Tharald Gunderson and BergitRyssestad, natives of Norway. The father and mother of our subject emigrated to the United States in 1861. They settled in Winneshiek county, Iowa, where they remained until 1867, when they moved to Minnesota and settled in Pope county, where they have since remained. They are the parents of the following-named children — Osmund. Ilal- vor, Ole, Evind, Ole (deceased), Joranil and Anna. 542 KED XIVER VALLEY AND Mr. Tharaldson, the subject of tiiis bio- graphical article, removed at tiie age of three weeks, with his parents, to Pope county, Minnesota, where our subject attended school until lie was sixteen years of age. He then attended the Will mar high school for two terms, and in 1SS3 went to Grand Foi'ks, Dakota Teri'itor}'. Tiiere he secured a position m tlie county treasurei'"s office, wliere he worked for two yoarsand a iialf. In 1887 he and his brother Osmund ])aid a visit to Xorway, and, after remaining in that kingdom from April until August, the}' returned to Minnesota. They went to their home in Poi)e county, Minne- sota, and after remaining with their father a short time removed to Polk county Minne- sota. Our subject opened a general merchan- dise store, in ])artnershi]) with O. S. Kleven, in the village of Fertile. They are still engaged in the same business, and have an extensive trade. They carry a full line of goods and have a lucrative business. They are prominent merchants in tiie village, and are highly esteemed for their straightforward business methods. Mr. Tharaldson was united in marriage on the 11th day of September. 1SS7, to Jfiss Ingebor Gundeiksdatter I'oe, a native of Nor- way. Her mothei' is still living, but her father died in the old country. The suliject of this sketch is a reiniblican in politics, and takes an active interest in all local matters. ITe is highly esteemed by all who know him, and is a pleasant, genial gentlenum. -*" ^^^ ENRY MASON WHEELER, M. D., the ounty superintendent of the board of health of Grand Forks county, Xorth Dakota, will form the subject of this sketch. He is a resident of the city of Grand Forks, North Dalcota, whiM'e he is engaged in an extensive and successful medical practice, in partnership with Dr. Logan, whose biograph- ical memior will be found in another depart- ment of this Album. The Doctor is a native of the State of New Hampshire, born in North Newport, on the 23d of June, 1854, ' and is the son of Mason and Hulda W. ' Wheeler, natives of Vermont and New Hamshire, respectively. Di'. Wheeler attended common schools until he was sixteen years of age, when he entered Carlton College, at Northfield, Min- • nesota, where he had removed with his parents in \%'A. From Carlton College he , went to Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he I entered the medical ilepartment, from which he graduated, with high honors, in March, , 1877. He then went to Chicago, Illinois, where he took a special course and private lee- • tures on the eye and ear, in the Cook County Hospital. He then returned to Northlield, Minnesota, where he engaged in the practice of his profession until 1879. lie then went to New York City, wliere he took an addi- tional degree in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, graduating in i[arch, 1880. He again returneil to Noi-thheld where he remained until July, ISSl. While there, in 187^), he participated in the movements brought about by the famous raid of the Younger and James brothers. He was in front of his father's drug store, and saw three men ride up on horseback, dismount, tie their horses, talk a few minutes and then enter the bank. Our subject supposed them to be stockmen, from their general api)earance, but his suspicions were aroused by a farmer, who, as he i)assed by, made the remark that there was too man}' saddle horses in town and that he thought something was wrong. In a few moments Dr. Wheeler saw two other men come down the street on liorses, stop, dismount, and while one was carelessly adjusting his saddle girth, the other a])proached the bank door and api)eared satislieil with what was trans- PARA' A'/-:G/0XS of MINNESOTA 543 piring within. Then the suspicions of the Doctor were con/irmed, for as Mr. Allen, a proiiiineiit hardware merclumt, attempted to enter t lie l)ank, he was caught b\' the shoul- der, anil with the persuasive force of a revol- ver was induced to alter his intentions. At that moment Dr. AVheeler and a man named Harry Riddle stepped into the street and iiallooed, "robbers," and at once the two desperadoes ordered the street cleared, and discharged their revolvers over their heads. Apparently this was a preconcerted signal, for three others, mounted, firing revolvers, and shouting, dasheil up to the bank square. Our subject, who had tlivined the purpose of the noted James and Younger band, for it pi'oved to be tliem, at once started for the residence of C. A. Wheaton, for the purpose of secui'ing a gun and ammunition, and as he reached tiie alley in tiie rear of tiie store, remembered that there were two guns in the hotel, which stands on the corner opjiosite the bank. He iiastened there, secured ammuni- tion and the gun from the clerk, and took his position in the corner room, which has ^iince become noted as a witness to this terrible tragedy. He at once opened fire on the robl)ers, and, before he was discovered, suc- ceeded in killing one and wounding another. The i-etreat was-tiien divined by some of the noted "gang," and at once the window was riddled with l)ullets from the weapons of the band. The one killed proved to be Clell Miller, a desperado of the worst type, and the wounded one was Bob Younger, who is now in state's prison, sen- tenced for life. Meanwhile a fearful scene was l)einij enacted inside the bank buildiu"', where the noble cashier sacrificed his life in defense of the interests he had in charge. As the details are familiar to all they need not be spoken of here further than tiie fact that our .sul)ject joined in the pursuit for one week. The trail was lost near Lake Elysian, and our subject returned to Northfield. In 1881 Dr. "Wheeler removed to Grand Forks, North Dakota, where he engaged in the medical profession in partnership with Dr. Collins, with whom he remained until November, 1884. They then dissolved and our suijject practiced alone until August, 1887, where he entered into partnership with Dr. Logan and they have since remained together. They are among the leading and most successful practitioners in the city and have a large practice. Dr. Wheeler was united in marriage October 9, 1878, to Miss Adeline Murray, who died at Northfield June 17, 1881, and our subject was married then to Miss Jose- phine Connelle on the 23d of January, 1883. Our subject is a member of the A. F. and A. M., both Blue Lodge and Cha})ter. He also belongs to the Independent (Ji-der of Odd- Fellows. He is one of the public-spirited citizens and affiliates with the republican party. J. DALY, of the firm of Baxter & Daly, attorne3's-at-law, is one of the leading and most prominent lawj'ers in the village of Perham, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. He is a native of Minnesota, born in the cit}' of St. Paul on the 13th day of March, 1861, and is the son of M. F. and Mary (Marky) Daly, natives of Ireland. The father, who was educated in the city of Cork, emigrated to the United States when he was twenty-one years of age and settled in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he remained for a period of fifteen years. He was engaged in book-keeping foi' Berkley, of St. Paul, and also Eddy k. Arch}', of that city. He is now a resident of Carver county, Minnesota, where he is extensively engaged in a general stock- I'aising business. Mr. Daly, the subject of this i)iographical review, received his education in the public schools of Minneapolis, where he attended 544 RED RIVER VALLE Y AN^r school until 1881. He then went to Iowa, Avhere he entered the law department of the Iowa State University, at Iowa City. In two years, after graduating witli high honors, the sul)ject of tliis article removed to Minne- sota and located in the city of Fei-gus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, where he opened an office for the practice of his pro- fession. After remaining a short time in Fergus Falls he removed to the village of Perham, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, wiiere he opened a law office in partnership with Mr. Baxter, of whom a sketch will be found in another department of this work. They have since been actively engaged in an exten- sive and rapidly increasing law business, and are among the prominent and influential lawyers of the northern part of the State. Our subject is actively interested in ail local matters and affiliates with the democratic part}'. He is asym])athizer of the doctrines of the Catholic church. He is one of the rising and independent young business men in tiie village and is highly esteemed l)y all who know him. -«— «"^^{^- <" ■ • i-UClUS L. MATTERSON, postmaster, and who is engaged in the mercantile business in the village of Eound Prairie, Todd county, Minnesota, is a native of Penn- sylvania. He was born in Erie county, on the 29th of June, 1845, and is the son of Olliver and Lydia (Edmunds) Matterson, natives of New York State. The father came to Minnesota in 1855, and has since remained. Mr. Matterson, the subject of this bio- graphical memoir, received his education, priiu-ipally in New Yoi'k, altlumgh he also attended school a good deal in Minnesota. At ten years of age he removed with his parents to Minnesota, and located at St. Paul, Minnesota, where he remained one year. Until he had attained the age of twenty- three years he resided in various places in Minnesota.and in ISfiO moved to Todd county, Minnesota, and June 1st homesteaded a tract of land in Berchdale township, where he followed farming until 1886. He then ojieneil his present store in the village of Round Prairie, where he has since remained. ' He carries a full line of general merchandise, dry goods, boots and shoes, hats, caps and . groceries, and is doing a good business. ) Since he has resided in the county he has been prominently identified with its history ' and progress. A man who takes an active / interest in all local matters, he is highly esteemed by all who know him. He helped to organize the township in which his farm lies and was always a leading citizen of the " same. Mr. Matterson was married on the 21st day i of October, 1807, to Miss Abbie Draper, and thisunion has been blessed with five childr<'n named as follows — Merton, Maud, Lora, Eva and Minna. Mr. Matterson is a prohibi- tionist, both in precept and practice. In addition to his business interests he is engaged in the real estate business and owns between 300 and 400 acres of land, besides his original farm. He is one of the sub- stantial business citizens of the count}'^ and is a man of honor and integrity. He has been postmaster at Round Prairie for the past two 3'ears and a half. j^LBERT SW ANSON. The subject of Jtr'Sx. this biographical sketch is a resident of the village of Auduijon, Pecker county, Minnesota, where he is entensively engaged in a general merchandising business. He is a native of Norway', born in Dovre Gud- bransdalen, Norway, on the 12th da}' of August, 1859, andis the son of Swend Olson and Anna Thorson, also nativesof that king- dom. The parents of our subject were PARK REGIONS OF MIXKESOTA. 545 engaged in farming pursuits in their native land where they still remain. They are the parents of the following-named children — Ole, Thor, Gunild and Albert. Mr. Swanson, the subject of this article, remained in his native land until lie was twenty -one years old. Until he. had attained his sixteenth 3'ear he attended the excellent common schools of that country, and after comjiluting his education, assisted his father to operate the home farm. He then emigrated to the United States, and, after a voyage of ten days, landed at Baltimore. He at once went to ilontevideo, Chippewa county, Min- nesota, where he remained a short time and then removed to Becker county, Minnesota, where he has since remained. For the first t'vo years he engaged in farming, and at the expiration of that time settled in the village of Aububon, where he clerked for foui' years. Jle then opened a general merchandise store on his own account, and since then has been one of the leading and successful bus- iness men of the village. lie carries a full line of goods and has a large share of the general }iatronage throughout that part of the county. He is a careful and shrewd business man and is highly esteemed l)y all for his u])right and fair transactions. In 1S80 he was elected to the office of village recorder, and is one of the solid representa- tive business men of the place. Mr. Swanson was united in marriage on the 27th day of January, 1887, to Miss Emma Simien, a native of Wisconsin, where slie was educated. Mr. Swanson and his estinialjle wife belong to the Lutheran church. In political matters he affiliates with the republican party and is actively interested in that party's campaigns. ^pHARLES HOLLlNGER,a thrifty repre- ^£y sentative of the farming community in the Red Iliver Yalle\', is a resident of section 3, Huntsville township, Polk county, Minne- sota. He is a native of Canada, born in Lanark county on the 13th of January, 1817, and is the* son of John and Sarah M. (Mooi'e) Hollinger, natives also of that Dominion. Mr. Hollinger, the subject of this article, remained at home and attended school until 1861. He then commenced in life for him- self, and entered an apprenticeship to the wagon maker's trade. Aftfer completing his trade he continued work in Eenfrew for five and one-half years. At the expiration of that time he went to Chicago, Illinois, where he remained a short time, and then removed to Dixon, Illinois, where he remained, engaged in the wagon making business, from September, 1867, until September, 1872. He then moved to Sterling, and engaged in his trade, working by the da}', for a short time. He then opened a shop of his own, and from July, 1876, until May, 18S2, he was engaged in his trade on his own account. In May of that j'ear he left his family in Sterling, and went to Chicago, Illinois, where he secured employment in an omnibus shop, and in which he worked until the following September. He then returned to his familj', and soon afterward removed to Minnesota. He settled in Polk county and o]iened a wagon shop, and then returned for his family. On the 3d of Januar}', 1883, they arrived, and Mr. Hollinger engaged at his trade. In April, 1887, he moved onto his homestead, which he had previously filed upon and which he proved up on January 4, 1887. He has since resided there, engaged in general farming and stock- raising. Mr. Hollinger was married on the 9th of January, 1869, to Miss Mary Ann O'Brien, a native of Ireland. Her parents dieil when she was a small child, and she was sent to her sister in New York. She remained with her until she died, and then removed to her other sister in Canada. She then removed to Illinois, where she met and married ]\Ir. Hollinger. Mr. and Mrs. Hoi- 546 RED KIVER VALLEY ^A'D linger have been blessed with the following children — John H., Margret E., Cliarles J., Frederick W., Leo M. and Sarah M., all of whom are living and at home. Mr. Ilollinger with his family belongs to the Catholic church. He is one of the esteemed citizens of the county, and has held the office of the justice of tlie peace. He has a fine farm, under good cultivation, and with the best of budding improvements. JLS F. SCHROEDER, president of the viUage council of Wheaton, Traverse county, Minnesota, is one of tlie prominent and esteemed citizens, of tliat place. He is a native of the kingdom of Sweden, born in Wermland Province, Middle Sweden, on the 18tli day of July, 1852, and is the son of Ole and Christina Sciiroedcr, also natives of that kingdom. The father died in 1870, and the mother is living with our subject. They were the parents of six children, named as follows — Jacob, Nils, John, Caroline, Mary and Ciiristina. Mr. Schroeder, of whom this sketch treats, receieved his education in his native land, where he renuiined until he was twenty years old. In 1872 he emigrated to the United States, and after landing removed to Minnesota, settling in Scott county, and after remaining a short time went to Minne- apolis. From tliat city Mr. Schroeiler went to the village of Herman, G)'ant county, Minnesota, where he was among the earliest settlers. He was tiie first postnuisterin that place, and was one of the prominent citizens. He engaged in the general merchandising business, and from 1884 until 1889 did an extensive and successful trade. He then removed to the village of Wheaton, Trav- erse count}', Minnesota, where he has since remained. In theiate election at that place he was elected president of the village. wliich ])osition he has since occupied. He is one of tlie prominent and representative citi- zens, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. Mr. Schroeder was united in mari-iage to Miss Peterson, and this union has been blessed with the following-named cliiidren — Alfred W. and Carl. Mrs. Schroeder ]iassed away on the 4tii day of February, 1889, and was mourned by all who knew her. She was an estimable lad}-, and was esteemed for her many virtues. Mr. Schroe- der, of whom tliis article treats, is an adher- ent to the principles of the republican party, and is actively interested in all local matters. A man of the strictest integi'ity, he stands high in the community as a business man and an exemplarv citizen. • • ^ •^^^►^^ ^^DWARD A. ARMSTRONG is the \l^ present probate judge of Pembina county, Dakota. He was born in West])ort, county Mayo, Ireland, February 8, 1820. His parents, John W. and Susan (Lundy) Armstrong, were both natives of Ireland. The mother was a sister of the noted Cap- tain Lundy, of Ireland. The parents of the subject of our sketch died when he was quite young, and Edward was taken into the family of George Law- rence, an uncle, witii whoin he remained until 1840. January 1, 1842, Mr. Armstrong was mar- ried at Sligo, Ireland, to Miss Margeret Henry, daughter of James and Fanny (AVaiker) Henry, the former a native of Ire- land and the latter a native of England. The names of tlie children that iiave l^lessed this union are as follows — Ellen Susan, Fanny J., Henrietta A., Katharine Margaret, Edward William Henry. The last-named is cashier in the receiver's office in Winnipeg, in which capacity he has labored for seven PARK REGIONS OF MLVXF.SOT.-I. 547 yeai-s. Fanny J. married John Angus, reg- ister of deeds in Emerson, Manitoba. Hen- rietta A. married diaries Constantine and resides in liegina, Manitoba, where iier hus- band is ehief of the mounted police. Kath- arine M. married Major Nash, an employe in tlie register's office in Winnipeg. After liis marriage Mr. Armstrong re- mained in Ireland for about two years, at the end of which time he came to Canada, residing in Montreal for about a year. He tiien removed to the city of Ottawa, where for ten years he held the position of deputy shei'iflf. In 1860 he was appointed quarter- master of a brigade of garrison artillery, and saw service througli all the Fenian raids in counties Ottawa, Cornwall and Prescott. Retaining his position in Ottawa until 1870, he tiien resigned, and May 1st, that year, joined thcKed Kiver expedition, as quartermaster of tiie Ontario Rifles. This small army was sent out under the command of Sir Garnet Woolsley for the suppression of the Riel and ( )'l)()n;ighue Rebellion. On tlie breaking up of this expedition Captain Armstrong held the office of sherilT of Manitoba for five years, and in 1881 he moved liis location to tiie southern side of the boundary line, within the jurisdiction of the United States. His residence in Pembina was but brief, until the citizens, recognizing his ability, placed him in theoificeof justiceof the peace, which position he has occupied ever since, with credit to him- self and advantage to the community in which \w. lives. His office is now somewhat complex, as lie holds three judicial offices at one and the same time, these being that of city justice, township justice, and judge of proliate. His long experience, and conipreiiensive knowledge of the wants of tiie Northwest make him a person of public value, and he is now looked upon by the younger members of society as a kind of father in the Red River Valley. He is a man of extensive knowledge of men and affairs. and throughout his life has exhibited rare executive abilities. To show the relations which he sustained to his superior officers, while in the employ of the British Govern- ment, it is only necessary to state that he was given entire charge of fitting up the second Red River expedition out into the Red River Yalley, for the suppression of the Riel RebeUion. He had entire charge of that portion of the expedition. He came up here in 1870 as quartermaster under the pres- ent General Woolsley, and in the summer of 1871 returned to Ottawa, with a detach- ment of the first. And in October of that year had the charge of fitting out the second expedition, which was under the command of the then Captain, now Colonel Scott, of Win- nipeg. Captain Armstrong is a leading member of the [. 0. O. F. fraternity, and was initi- ated in the American order in 1846. In 1856 in Ottawa, Canada, he became a mem- ber of the A. F. & A. M., and is now the oldest Mason in the town in which he lives. «^- ^'"•^HARLES H. CONKLIN, one of the prominent and successful business men of the village of Wadena, AVadena county, Minnesota, is engaged in the hardware busi- ness in that place, handling all kinds of heavy and shelf hardware, tinware, tools of all kinds, farm machinery, etc. He'] is a native of the State of Illinois, born in Peoria on the 23d day of January, 1857, and is the son of George W. and Mar}' A. Conklin, natives of New York. In about 1862 the parents of our subject removed to Minnesota and settled in Hastings, where the}' have since remained. The father and mother of the present sul)jcct were the parents of the following-named cliiklren — George P., Charles H., DeWitt C, Willie W. and Lucv A. Conklin. 548 RED RIVF.K VALLEY AND Mr. Conklin, the subject of this biograph- ical memoir, remained in his native State until he was about five years old, when he removed with his parents to JNIinnesota, and settled in Hastings. Up to the age of twen- t^'-one years he remained at home and attended the common schools', in the odd hours engaging in clerical work. At the age of twenty-one Mr. Conklin removed to Bird Island, Kenville county, ]\Iinnesota, wiiere he opened a hardware store, and for four years engaged in that business. In 18S3 he moved his stock of goods to Erain- erd, Minnesota, jnirchased another stock there, and opened up in tiie business. In 1887 he sold out his interest in Braineid and in c()ni})any with his father bought the Pio- neer Hardware Store, of Wadena, Wadena county, Minnesota. They have since contin- ued in the business, and have a large and increasing trade. They carr}' one of the most complete stocks in the count}', and value their goods at $5,000. Mr. Conklin, the subject of this article, was imited in marriage on the 23d &Ay of May, 1881, to Miss Estella Stone, a native of Bird Island, Minnesota. In political mat- ters Mr. Conklin affiliates with the republi- can part3^ He takes an active interest in all lociil movements and is alwaj'S ready to help any enterjM'ise whereby the town or count}' mav be bencHtcd. -««; "»- 'A^ PETERSON & SON, the heaviest dealei's in general merchandise in the village of New London, ^linnesota, are rated as one of the most solid and substantial iii'uis in i\andiyohi county. They are men of high personal character and of the strictest integ- rity, and their straightforward and honor- able methods of doing business have built for them a lar":e ami increasing' trade. Daniel Peterson, the senior member of this firm, was born on the 17th of December, 1822, at Vexio. Province of Smoland, in the southern part of Sweden, and is a son of Peter and Stina Peterson, wlio were also natives of tlie same kingdom. Both of his parents died in his native land, the father in 1840 and the mother in 1852. Daniel Peter- son grew to manhood in the land of his birth, receiving the same training as to integrity, frugalit\' and industry that so characterizes his nationality. He never attended school, but studied under the direc- tion of his mother. In 1853 he came to the United States, landing in New York, and proceeded at once to Centre City, Chisago county, Minnesota. Thei'e lie bought 160 acres of land and engaged in larining, remaining there for eighteen yeai's. In 1871 lie removed to Ci'ow Lake, Stearns county, Minnesota, where he also followed agricul- tural pursuits. In 1883 he sold iiis land, and in conjpany with his son, John G., formed the present firm, and they purchased the general mercantile business of J. II. Neer, at New London, which they have smce suc- cessfully conducted. Daniel Peterson was married September 5, 1816, to Anna Stina Johnson, a native of Sweden and a daughter of John Anderson. Mr. and Mrs. Peterson have a family of six children — Louise, born in Sweden December 29, 1S47; Christine, born in Minnesota March 29, 1855 ; Charlotte S., born August 27, 1857; John G., born October 21, 1800; Mary 11., boi-n July 12, 1862, and Nancy M., born March 1, 1865. Daniel Peterson has always taken a prominent piii't in all public matters and is one of the leading men of the locality in which he has lived. He has held various official petitions, including assessor, supervisor, postmaster, census enumerator m 1880, besides others. He and his family are members of the Lutheran chui'ch, in which organization he is a deacon. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA, 540 John G. Peterson, the junior member of the firm of D. Peterson & Son, was born in Centre City, Chisago county, Minnesota, October 21, 1860, and is a son of Daniel Peterson, whose sketch lias just been given. He received his education in Chisago and Stearns counties, Minnesota, attending the district schools, and completed his education at the Cogan Academy, Pope county, Minne- sota, spending one 3'ear in that institution. He then clerked in a store at Melrose for a time, after which he came to New London, Minnesota, and for eight months kept books for Johnson Bros. In 1S83, as has been stated, the present firm was formed, and since that time they have carried on busi- ness. They carry a full line of clothing, dry goods and groceries, and do an extensive business. John G. Peterson has taken an active part in every move calculated to benefit his town or county, and has held various offices — he was justice of the peace, chairman of the board of supervisors, and is the present township clerk. ELS M. LARSON. Prominent among the merchants of the village of War- ren, Marshall county, Minnesota, is the gen- tleman whose name heads this article, who is engaged in the general merchandising business in that village. He is a native of Sweden, born in Sunne, on the ISth daj"- of August, lSfi2. and is the son of Lars and Ingeborg (Johnson) Larson, natives of the kingdom of Sweden. Mr. Larson, the subject of this biographi- cal review, remained in his native countiy until he had attained the age of twenty years. During that time he had attended school and worked on the home farm for his fatiier. In 1882 he emigrated to the United States, and, after a voyage of three weeks, landed in New York. He removed to the State of Wiscon- sin, where he settled in Pepin county, where he remained six months. In the spring of 18S3 he removed to Minnesota, and settled in Marshall county, where he worked on a farm and attended school in the village of Warren during the winter. He then secured a clerkship in the store of K. J. Taralseth, with whom he remained one and one-half years. At the expiration of that time, he went to the college at St. Peter, IMinnesota, and after attending four months, again returned to Warren. He resumed his old position as clerk, and after continuing in that capacity for about fifteen months, opened a general store, in partnership with O. S. Erickson. The firm name stands Erickson & Larson, and they are doing a good business. They cany a full line of goods and give the best of satisfaction in all their business trans- actions. Mr. Larson was married in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, on the 10th day of August, 1888, to Miss Tillie Sjoquist, the daughter of Erick and Kajsa Sjoquist, natives of Sweden. Mr. and Mi's. Larson ai-e exem]Jary members of the Lutheran church. Mr. Larson is a repub- lican in political matters. lie is a man who takes an active interest in an}^ local enter- prise, and is highly esteemed as a citizen and as a business man. W: HEODORE D. AUSTIN, an old settler of Otter Tail county, Minnesota, is now living a retired life in New York Mills, and well deserves appropriate mention in a volume devoted to the pioneers of Northern Minne- sota. Mr. Austin was born in Stanfoi'd, Dutcliess county. New York, July 27, 1813. To trace back his genealogy, in Scri]itural form it would read about as follows : Theo- dore a son of Morris, a son of Amos, a son of Jonathan, and he the son of James Austin. 550 RED RIVER VALLEY AND Morris Austin, the father of our subject, was a farmer. He was born in Providence, Rhode Island, but settled in New York State wlien 3<)ung and died in Xortiiumberland county Pennsylvania in 1824. He served through the War of 1812. The mother of Theodore was born and raised in Dutchess county. New York, and died there in 1826. The paternal grandfather of our subject, Amos Austin, was a native of Rhode Island and was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. Theo- dore's grandfather, on his mother's side, was .lohn Sherwood, who was horn on the Ber- muda Islands and died at Poughkeepsie, Xew Yoi'k, in 1838, at tlie age of ninety-eight years. He was also a soldier in the Revolu- tionary War, and was one of the " Green Mountain Boys " under the famous Ethan Allen. Theodore's [)arents, Morris and Calista (Sherwood) Austin were married before 1812, and had a family of five children — John, Edwin, Theodore D., Loraine and Lovina. Theodore D. Austin, whose name heads our present article, spent his bo3'hood days in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania. Schooling was very limited in those days, and he only attended some six months. Ijeing taught how to spell by Samuel Kirkham. While a young man he was a hostler in Northumberland, Penns\'lvania, and was back and forth between there and New York working at farming and various occu- [)iitions. At the age of eighteen he began an ajiprenticesliip in a cabinet shop and worked at it for twenty months, when the master dying set him free, then spent some time at farming. He then worked at the carpenters' trade, receiving $60 for eight months woi'k. He then hired out at the fanning mill business for six months at $10 [)er month; after which he continued six months longer at $15 per month. His next business venture was to contract to make fifty fanning mills for $4 apiece, finishing in five months, and made $200 clear. He then went to Selin's Grove, Pennsylvania, and followed the farming business, in con- nection with a small foundry, for eleven years in Pennsylvania, and at the end of that time removed to Indiana. For two years he was unable to do anything on account of ill health. He remained in Indiana for twenty- one years, following the fanning mill busi- ness and carpentering. He then followed various occupations in Illinois for six . years. In 1878 he came to Otter Tail county, Min- nesota, and settled in Newton township, where he took a homestead and remained for five and a half years. He was one of the first settlers in that township, and was one of the leading citizens there, holding a number of offices during the time he lived there, including those of su))ervisor, assessor, town clerk, etc. At the time he settled in that town there was not a furrow broken between him and Otter Tail City, and tiiere are now thirty-seven farms on the road in fourteen niiles. In 1884 he retired from his farm and settled in the village of New York Mills, where he still lives. He is a gentleman of the strictest integ- ritv and is helil in higli esteem. In political matters he is a rejiublican, and in religious affairs a member of the Presbyterinn church. He has led a life of probity and tcinjiei'anco, and has never touched licpior nor tobacco, a thing which few men of his age can boast. Mr Austin was married March :!!, lS3i1, to Susan Keely, a native of Afontgomery county, Pennsylvania. They had a family of live children — Theron L., deceased; Grace S.-, now Mrs. Groves; Henry M., Jerome S. and Otho A. Grace S. is a widow and lives in Miss6uri. Theron died in 187fi. Henry M. is a merchant in Vermilion county, Illinois; Jerome S. is a carpenter in AVashington Ter- ritory; Otho is a book-keeper in Pary's store at New York Mills. PARK' KEGIOXS OF MINNESOTA. 551 Theron L. Austin -went out on the first call for soldiers, under Col. Lew AVallace, Elev- enth Indiana Zouaves. Henry M. Austin and Jerome S. Austin went out next, in the One Hundred and I'iiirty-lil'tli Indiana Volunteer Infantry, under "Pap" Thomas; they served till the end of the war and were honorably disciiarged. ^«« «^^ MANS O. HANSON is a leading- citizen of the village of Stephen, Marshall county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in carrying on a large hardware and furniture business. He lias a complete line of tliebest of goods, and, by integrity and careful atten- tion to the wants of his customers, has built up a large and increasing trade. Mr. Hanson was born in Dane county, Wisconsin, January 16, 1853, his parents being Ole and Anna (Alma) Hanson, natives of Norway. His parents were well-to-do farmers, and came to this country some 3'ears before the son's birth. They settled in Dane county, Wisconsin, and lived there until Hans was four years old, when they moved to Buffalo county, same State, where they located on Government land, and were among the first settlers. Mr. Hanson lived with his parents on the fai'in and attended district school until he was twenty-two years of age. At that age he went to Grant county, Minnesota, and took up Government land, on wiiicli he lived some six or seven years. He was one of tlie first settlers intlietown of Iloseville,Grantcounty, Minnesota. He then sold out and returned to his parents' home on a short visit. Thence he went on a kind of )n'os})ecting trip tiirougli California, Oregon and Washington Territory, after which he i-eturned to his parents with whom he remained a few months. April 1, 1883, he went to Stephen, where he built a store building and dwelling, and put in a stock of hardware, and later built a store building in connection and jmtin a stock of furniture. He also purchased 160 aciresof huid on section 19, Sinnott townshi]), Marshall county, Minnesota. He has con- tinued his residence in Stephen ever since, and still owns and runs his farm. Mr. Hanson was married at Morris, Ste- vens county, Minnesota, in 1880, to Miss Anna Kroke, daughter of Hans and Mollie Kroke, natives of Norway. This union has been blessed with two childi-en, botii living — Oliver II. and Martin A. Mr. Hanson is one of the most public- spirited citizens of the village and lias done more than his share in the improvement of his adopted town. He is intelligent, charit- able, and of extensive travel and experience, and is well fitted for an}' ])lace of trust to which he may be called. For three terms he was president of the village council in Stephen, and, while a resident of Grant county, was chairuKin of tiie board of super- visors for five years. He is a leading mem- ber of the Norwegian Lutheran church. -«- ^M NDREW LARSON, among the leading -/^""JL and pi'ominent business men of Will- mar, Kandi\'ohi county, ]\Iinnesota, is the gentleman whose name heads this article, who is engaged in the mercantile business in that place. He is one of the oldest mer- chants of the city, having located there on the 15th day of May, 1870, and engaged in the business which he has since carried on. He is a native of the kingdom of Norway, born on the 15th day of August, 1842, and is the son of Lars and Gena (Johnson) Ellefson, also natives of that kingdom. The parents emigrated to the United States, and located in Pierce count}', Wisconsin, in 1852, and renuiined there until tlieir death. The father died in 1882, at tne age of ninety^onr, and 552 RED RIVER VALLE Y AND the mother one year previous, at the age of eighty-one. Tliey were the parents of the following-named children, who are now living — John, of Becker county, Minnesota, engaged in extensive farming operations; Andries, of Pierce county, "Wisconsin, and Andrew, of whom this article treats. Mr. Larson, the subjectof this biographical review, remained on the home farm in his native land, attending school until he was ten years old, when he emigrated to the United States with his parents. He received his education in the district schools of Pierce county, Wisconsin, and remained at home until 1862. He then enlisted in Company D, Thirtieth Wisconsin Infantry, and, in Louis- ville, Kentucky, was on Major-General John M. Palmer's staff for one year, doing provost duty most of the time. He was in the service about three years and a half, and after his honorable discharge returned to Stanton, Wisconsin, where he engaged in mei'cantile business. After following that occupation for two years he removed to ISIinnesota, settling in St. Cloud, engaging in the mercantile business, where he remained for about five years. He then removed to Willmar, Kandiyohi county, Minnesota,and opened his present business. In 1876 he erected his [jresent fine store building, one of the best in the city. He is also presi- dent of the Kandiyohi Count}' Bank, estab- lislie JUDGE AUGUSTUS ROBERTS, who has for a number of years been judge of the probate court of Cass county, North Dakota, is one of the leading and most promi- nent citizens of Fargo. A good lawyer, and a man of the strictest integrity, he has given excellent satisfaction in the position which he fills ; and stands high in city and county both as an official and an oxemplarv citizen. Judge Roberts was born in IJvermore, Maine, on the 15th of April, 1S5-2. and is the son of Ahira and Mary Ann (I)urgin) Rob- erts, both of whom were natives of the same State. When our subject was two and a half years old his mother died, and about eighteen months later he went to Me.xico, Maine, to make his home with Aaron Luf- kin. There he was reared on a farm and remained until he was sixteen years of age. He then made his home with Dr. Y. ^r. Abbott, in Mexico, Maine, remaining until 1874. While living with the Doctor he received excellent educational advantages, attending high school, and during the last three winters before he left he taught school. In 1874 he come to Fargo to visit his brother, and remained until fall, when he returned to Maine. In the following spring he went to Berlin, New Hampshire, and was engaged in the lumber mills until the spring of 1876. when he went to Rockford. ]Minn('sota. After teaching school during the fall and winter, in the spring of 1877 he went to the Black Hills on a prospecting trij). While there he was accidentally wounded by the discharge of his ])istol, and he was brought to his brother's, S. G. Roberts, in Fargo. p. IKK JiKGJO.yS OF M/XXESOTA. 553 He has since made Fargo his home, and has become one of the most highl}' respected citizens of the city. In 1S79 he began the practice of hiw, and in the fall of 1880 was elected probate judge, and has held the office ever since. He also served for four j'ears as city justice. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias. Judge Roberts was married in Fargo, December 1, 1879, to Miss Florence May Chambers, a daughter of E. B. and Harriet (Waite) Chambers, and they are the parents of one son named Edwin A. J^TaNNIN F.CANFIELD, the prominent -M^Js%^ and popular druggist and post- master in the thrivinjj village of Lono: Prairie, Todd county, Minnesota, is a native of the State of New York. He was born in Rochester, Monroe county, on the lith of April, 184-5, and is the son of Abraham and Caroline (Vandlinder) Canfield, natives also of the Empire State. The father of the present subject was a prominent medical practitioner in his native State, and removed to Minnesota in 1853. He settled in Hast- ings, Dakota county, Minnesota, where he practiced medicine for six years and then removed to Eureka, Dakota county, Minne- sota, remaining there about seven years. At the expiration of that time Mr. Canfield, the father of the subject of this article, went to Sauk Centre, Minnesota, where he has since remained extensively engaged in his clinical work. The father and mother were the parents of the following-named chil- dren — Henry, Phebe, Monroe, Dillon, Louisa, Florence, Rosa, Hattie, Rhoda, Charles and William. Rhoda, Rosa and Charles are deceased. Mr. Canfield, the subject of this biograph- ical review, received his education princi- pally in Minnesota, where he had removed with his parents when at the age of eight years. He completed his education in Hast- ings, Dakota countv, Minnesota, where he attended the excellent schools of that place until he was twenty-three years old, with the exception of the period fi-om February 4, 1865, until October 23, 1865. On the 4th of February, 1865 he enlisted in the First Minnesota Heavy Artillery. He was stationed at Chattanooga, Tennes- see. He received an honorable dischai'ge in St. Paul, Minnesota, on the 23d of October, 1865. After his discliarge he located at Fai'mington, Dakota count}', Minnesota, where he engaged in the drug business for two years. He then removed to Sauk Centre, Minnesota, where he followed the same business for two years. Mr. Canfield then decided to seek a newfield for operations, and accordinglv took a trip west, and in 1882 settled in Long Prairie, Todd county, Minnesota, where he has since remained, ensaeed in the di'uo- business. On the 10th of ()ctober, 1885, the postniastership was consigned to Mr. Canfield. and lie has since held the position with satisfaction to all ]iarties. Mr. Canfield was married on the 31st of October, 1878, to Miss Hariette A. Jones, and this union has been blessed with three children — Carrie R., Myrtle V. and Ray M. Mrs. Canfield is a native of Springfield, Massachusetts, and received her education in Minnesota, where she removed with her parents when at an early. age. Mr. Canfield is one of the prominent business men and citizens of Long Prairie and vicinity, and has held the offices of village recorder two terms, and school trustee foi' two terms. He is a member of the Masonic and Odd- Fellows fraternities of Long Prairie, and also belongs to the Grand Army of the Republic, Post No. 100. He is a democrat in his political affiliations and is highly esteemed by all who know him. 554 RED KIVER VALLE Y AND 2T J. HOWE, the suhject of this biograph- ^ ical memoir, is a resident of tlie city of Braincrd, Crow "Wing county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in the himhcring busi- ness, employing a large number of men and having hciivy interests in nuun' different lum- ber yai'ds. He is an Irishnum, born on the 3d of August, 1841, and is the son of P. H. and Ellen (Collins) Howe, natives of Ireland. The parents emigrated to the United States and located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The father died in 1841. Tiie mother passed away in 1851. Mr. Howe, of wlium this sketch treats, finding himself an oipiian at the age of ten years, was compelled to begin the battle of life for himself. He secui-ed work in a saw- mill whei'e he worked for five years, and at the expiration of that time moved to Minne- sota, settling in ]\[endota, where for two or three summers he was emplo^^ed in a saw- mill. From Mendota he went to Minne- apolis, Minnesota, and for several years worked at logging in the winters and in the summers engaged in saw-mill work, and was general superintendent of lumber business. In 1882 he went into tiie lumber business in partnership with Farnham & Lovejoy, con- tinuing with them for five years. In 1882 Mr. Howe moved to the northern part of the State and settled in Hrainerd, Crow Wing county, Minnesota, where he bought an interest in a saw-mill. He has since remained in the citv, graduallv enlai'yinir his interests in the lumber Inisiness, until now his name is svnononious with the leadinf lunil)ering interests of the State. He is one of tiie representative and jirominent lumber- men of the Noi'lh west, and is a man of ster- ling business cpialitications. Mr. Howe was united in marriage in 1866 to Miss Mary Grady, and this union has been blessed with the following-named chil- dren — Joseph J., Frank M., F. W., Nellie, Eva, Grace, Blanch and C. S. Howe. Mr. Howe is a republican in his jiolitical affiliations, and is actively interested in all local mattei's. He is a public-spirited citizen, and any laudable home enterprise receives his hearty sup])oi-t and encouragement. -«- -^^ J^yOYSE BRAY, the pojnilar and _^^t^r^ accommodating jiroprietor of the West Hotel, in Itod Lake Falls, Folk county, Minnesota, is a native of the Douiiiiion of Canada. He was born on the 23d of August, 1824, and is the son of Simon and Eliza- beth (Mauntrial) Bray, natives also of Can- ada. The father died in 1835, and the niothei' is also deceased. Mr. Bray, the subject of this biographical sketch, remained at home until he was twenty years of age. During that time lie attended school, and in l!^44 secured a posi- tion as a boatman on a steam vessel on the St. Lawerence river. P^rom that position he rapiilly advanced, and in two years secured the captaincy of a steamer. For thirty- seven years he followed that vocation on the St. Lawrence river, Ottawa river. Lakes Ontario and Champlain. In 1882 he emi- gi'ated to the States and located in Polk countv, Minnesota. There he took a farm "P^KON. MICHAEL J. McDONNELL, who jLtSL is a justice of the peace, notary public and surveyor, and is also engaged in the real estate business at Graceville, Minne- sota, is one of the most pi-ominent citizens of that locality. He is one of the oldest settlers tliere, and, having been prominently ider.titied witli tiie growth and development of the village and vicinitv, he well deserves s]iace in a volume devoteii to the representa- tive men of Northern Minnesota. Mr. McDonnell was born in county Kil- kenny, Ireland, September 1, 18i3, and is a son of William and Margaret McDonnell. For generations past the McDonnells have been natives of the " Emerald Isle." The mother died when our subject was only six months old. Michael J. was the youngest of tiie family ; he has one sister, who is now Mrs. Ella Kenney, of Traverse count}', Min- nesota. In 1848 the family came to the United States and settled in tiie State of New York, where the\' i-einained two years, and in 1850 removed to Dubuque, Iowa, where they remained nine years. At the expiration of that time, in 18.59, they settled at St. Louis, Missouri, and in Jul}', 1861, came to Minne- sota and located in Houston county. Our subject attended school during all these years and completed his education at St. Louis. Shortly after tlie war broke out he offered hissei'vices in defense of the flag and tried to enlist, but was rejected as he was too young. He remained at home dur- ing the summer montlis and aided in carry- ing on the home farm, and during the win- ters taught school. During the last seven 3'ears spent in Houston county he also fol- lowed surveying. He took an active interest in public affairs, and as a stanch democrat he became one of the most prominent men in public affairs in that part of the State. He was honored with a number of local offices, and for four successive terms, from 1874 to 1877, inclusive, he represented Houston county in the lower house of the Minnesota legislature. In May, 1878, the village of Graceville, Minnesota, was started as a coion\' b}' Bishop Ireland, of St. Paul, and in the fall of this year our subject removed thereto, and has since made it his home. He has always been foremost in every move calcu- latetl to benefit that locality, and is one of the leading and most highl}' respected citizens of the place. He was the first president of the village council, and held the office for four successive years, when he was elected justice of the peace, which office he still holds. He is an honored member of the Catholic church, and also of the Knights of Labor and Ancient Order of Hibernians. Mr. McDonnell was married to Miss Mary Sullivan, an estimable lady of Houston county, Minnesota, and a daughter of John and Ellen Sullivan. Mr. and Mrs. McDon- nell are the jmrents of seven children — Wilham J., M. E. Grace, Maggie T., John J., Kose M., Athenius H. and Catharine. The second named, M. E. Grace, was the first child born in Graceville, hence the name. ►^^ l^NUD J. TARALSETH, a prominent J[i<\^ and successful merchant of Marshall county, Minnesota, is a resilient of the village of Warren, where he is engaged in the gen- eral merchandising business. He is a native of Norway, born in Ilornindal Bergen Stift, on the 2d day of November, 1848, and is the son of Ole and Olena Taralsetli, also 562 tiED KIVEK VALLE V A.Mr. natives of that kingdom. The father and mother of our suljject wei'e the parents of the following-named children^two lirothers and two sisters — Peder, Ilarald, Magnhiid and Brita, of whom the two 3'oungest chil- dren, his sister Brita and iiimself, emigrated to this coimtry. Mr. Taraiscth, the sul)ject of tliis i)i()- graphical sketch, commenced in life for him- self at tlie early age of oigiit years. And for eight years, until lie was si.xteen, he was em- ployed as a cattle-boy amid the hills of his native country. In 1804 he entered an apprenticeship to the cai'j)enter's traile, and for live years he worked at the trade during the summers and em])ioye(i his winter time in fishing. By the time he was twenty-four years old he had saved enough to bring him to the United States, and in 1872 he emi- grated for America. After a voyage of twelve days he landed in (Quebec, and at once removed to Tied Wing, Minnesota, whei'e he secured work on the railroad. lie could only get $1.25 per day, and out of this had to board himself. After working one year at this employment he went to Minnea]iolis, Minnesota, where he worked at the carpen- ter's trade until 1875. He then returned to Norway and remained five months, visiting old familiar scenes. In May, 1875, lie again landed on America's shores and after woik- ing in Minneapolis, ]\rinnesota, at his trade for three years, lie removed to Douglas county, Minnesota. In 1878 he located in Osakis, where he ])urchased a half interest in a small store, and until 1882 was engaged in that business. He then sold his interest and removed to the village of Warren, Mai-shall county, Minnesota, where he bought a small building and put in a stock of general 2ner- chandise. In the summer of 18SS he erected the large brick block he is now in. and Octo- ber 1, 1888, removed to his new quartei's. He has since been engaged in the general mer- chandising business and carries a heavy and complete stock of goods. He has a very extensive patronage and is doing the heaviest business of any firm in the villajre. JSIr. Taralsetii was married on tlie 18tli day of April, 1875, to Miss Kanghild Satren, the daughterof Ole and Brita Satren, natives of Norway. Mr. and Mrs. Taralseth have been blessed with the following-named chil- dren — Lena, Henrv and Ualpli. Our subject and his family belong to tlie Norwegian Luthei-an cliurch. Mr. Taralseth has been a member of tlu! village council for six years, village treasurer for two years, etc. He is a member of the Warren Lodge, No. 150, A. F. and A. M. In jwlitical matters he affiliates with the republican ])arty. and has taken an active ])art in county and State politics. ^^►^ l^EUBEN F. TATE, of Pelican Eapids, J&hV Otter Tail county, Minnesota, was born in Hancock county, Illinois, May 10, 1846. He is the son of Milton A. Tate, of Virginia, and Martha Ann (Broaddus") Tate, of the State of Kentucky. The parents set- tled in Illinois in 1832, and were married at Macomb, Illinois, in 1835. They afterward settled on a farm near Augusta in Ilanmck county, where they resided when the subject of this sketch was born. In 1847 the family removed to ILusliville, Scliuyler county, Illinois, where the early life of our subject was ])assed and his education was acquired. In February, 1805, he enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Fift3'-first Regiment . Illinois Infantry, and served in the war until P"'ebruary, 1866, when he was honorably discharged. He then returned to his home in Ilushville where he worked sevei'al years at tiie carpenter's trade. In 1869 he went to Fort Scott, Kansas, where he worked at his trade for five years. For two years after that lie was engag-ed in the construction of PARK REGIONS OP MINNESOTA. 563 l)ri(lges and depots on tlie M. K. & T. Kinlroad then Ituilding through Missouri, Kansas, Indian Territory and Texas. He then I'eturned to Illinois and settled at Ivnox- vilie, where he engaged in carpentering and the lumber business. In 1882 he I'omoved to Pelican Ilapids, Minnesota, where he still resides, engaged in the re- tail lumber business, as a member of the firm of E. F. Tate & Co. May 10, 1877, Ml'. Tate was married at Aledo, Illinois, to Miss Catharine A. Eitts, a native of the State of Pennsylvania, and this marriage has been blessed with five children, one of which died in infancy. The other four are still living. Our subject and his family Ijelong to the Methodist Episcopal church. He is a mem- ber of the Ancient Order of United Work- men, and Seward Post, No. 91, Grand Army of the Republic. He belonged to the Inde- pendent Order of Odd-Fellows in Fort Scott, Kansas. He has held the office of member of the village council and is one of the representative and respected citizens of the village. In political matters he affiliates with the re]iul>lican part}', and is actively interested in local matters. -.^ LBERT S. McMillan, editor and pro- prietor of the Verndale Journal, is one of Wadena county's oldest settlers, hav- ing located there in the fall of 1879. He is a native of Ohio, born in Cleveland, on the 19th day of February, 1853, and is the only son of Thomas and Mary (Smith) McMillan, natives of New York. The parents of our subject removed to Iowa in 1862. They were the parents of the following-named children— Eva L. McMillan, Albert S. McMil- lan and Clara E. McMillan, all of whom are residents of Verndale. Mr. McMillan, of whom this article treats, remained in his native State until he was nine years of age, when he removed to Iowa with his parents, and settled in Waverl}', Bremer county. He remained there attend- ing school until he was seventeen years of age. At that period in life he entered the olfice of the Waverl}' ReinMican, and remained with that paper until 187-1, when he entered Cornell University, New York, where he remained one year. In 1876 he again went to Waverly, Iowa, and entered the office of the Bremer county hidependent. He remained in that office as foreman and local editor until the spring of 1879, when he resigned his position and shortly after started for the Northwest, in search of a location. He decided to start a paper in the village of Verndale and returned to Iowa, and from there went to Chicago, Illinois, where he purchased an outfit. He then returned to Verndale, Wadena county, Minnesota, where he established the Verndale Journal, which he has since continued to publish. He now has a steam power press, and one of the most completely equipped offices in Northern Minnesota, and is doing an extensive business in job work. The paper has a large circula- tion throughout Wadena and adjoining- counties, and is one of the standard and representative periodicals of that section of the State. In political matters the paper is I'epublican, and is classed as one of the lead- ing political journals of the Park Eegion. In April, 1883, Mr. McMillan was appointed postmaster, and held that jiosition until June, 1885. During that time he opened a general book store, which he has since continued to carry on in addition to his paper. He is one of the popular and esteemed citizens of the county, and any laudible home enterprise receives bis hearty support. In the fall of 1881 he was elected county superintendent of schools, and held the position two years, during which time several new districts were oi'ganized, and he did much toward raisinjr the standard of the schools. 564 RED KIVEK VALLEY AND In July, 1887, lie established a branch office at Motley, Morrison county, and began the publication of the Motley Register, a local republican newsjiaper, of which John T. Drawz, foi- eight years connected with the Verndale JoMrnai, is local editor and manager. Mr. Mc^Iillan was united in marriage on the 25th day of May, 1882, to Miss Eliza J. Dougherty, a native of Pennsylvania, and the daughter ot David B. and Eliza (Crail) Dougherty, natives of Ohio and Pennsyl- vania, respectively. Our subject isanexem- plarj' citizen, and is a man of the strictest lionor and integrity, and was one of tlie charter m-> I^ANIEL PATTERSON, i)roprietorof the J^x American House, in the village of St. Hilaire, Polk county, Minnesota, is a native of Scotland. He was born in Iverness shire, Scotland, on the 14th of April, 1849, and is the son of Daniel and Anna (McCay) Patter- son, also natives of Scotland. BR. J. J. STONE, one of the leading and successful practitioners of the Red River Valley, is a resident of the village of Argyle, Marshall county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in his professional duties. He is a native of Vermont, born in Arlington, Bennington count\', Vermont, on the 17th day of August, 1827, and is the son of Ethan and Agnes (Rule) Stone, natives of New England and Scotland. Mr. Stone remained at home, and attended the common schools and seminaiv until lie PARK RF.arONS OF MINNESOTA. 571 was twenty-two years of age, when he com- inenccd in life for himself. He took a con- tract on the railroad, at wliich he worked for two or three years, when the comjjany failed and he lost about all he had. In 1853 he went to Tiffin, Ohio, and after remaining there a shoi-t time, removed to Goshen, Elk- hai't county, Indiana, whei'e he was engaged in the drutr business and various things for some time. He then removed to Wabasha, Minnesota, where he pre-empted a claim and engaged in farming for some little time. He then secured a position in a drug store in which he worlved from 1857 until 1866. In 1864 he enlisted in Battery G, Minnesota Heav\' Artillery, and went South. He was detailed as hospital steward and soon after- ward commissioned as assistant surgeon. He received his honorable discharge in No- vember, 1865, at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. He then returned to Wabasha, purchased a drug store and, in partnership with Mr. Whitmore, continued in business one year. He then bought Whitraore's interest, and until 1880 continued alone in the business. He was then burned out and lost $20,000. Mr. Stone then entered the medical profes- sion with Dr. Milligan, with whom he remained until 1882. In 1882 he removed to Marshall county, Minnesota, and settled in Argjde, wliere he built a store and engaged in the drug business. His equal partner was Mr. Whitlock, who died in 1882, and his interest was purchased by Louis Troutman. In 1882 our subject purchased his jiartner's interest, and in 188i sold the stock to Hazel and Gillx'rtson. Our subject owns over 1,50(1 acres of land in the county antl a claim f)f 280 acres in Oregon. He also owned one and one-half sections in Nebraslca, which he lias recently sold, and owns two in Iowa and one and one-half sections in Kansas, also several lots in Grant's Pass, Oregon. He is extensively engaged in farming and is one of the leading pliysicians in the county. He owns a drug store in Grant's Pass, Oregon, wliere his wife is managing the business. Dr. Stone was married in Troy, New York, October 18, 1852, to Miss Catharine M. Squier. He has held the office of countj-^ physician and is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Chapter and Command ry, A. F. and A. M. In political matters the Doctor affiliates with the republican party. He is well known throughout tliis region, and com- mands a large and increasing practice. The Doctor has also practiced medicine in California. He went in 1872 to San Diearo, California, but was obliged to return on account of the dishonesty of the party to whom the drug store in Wabasha was sold. He sold his property in San Diego in 1870, and returned to Minnesota. ED. DAVISON, proprietor and editor of the Balletin, a democratic period- ical published in the village of Perhara, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, is one of the well-known and successful men in the north- ern part of the State. He is a native of the State of New York," born in Bufifalo, Erie county, New York, on the 21st day of August, 1851, and is the son of George and Hannah (Fisher) Davison, natives of Penn- sylvania. Mr. Davison, of whom this biographical sketch treats, went to Hamilton, Ontario, after his mother's death in 1853, and as his father had removed to East Saginaw, Mich- igan, our subject renuiined with his uncle, until he hatl attained the age of nine years. He then commenced his career as a printer and entered an office in East Saginaw, Mich- igan, on the 12th day of July, 1860, where he remained nine years, working first as an apprentice and then as a journeyman. In 1869 he went to Detroit, Michigan, where he took charge of the ])ress-room on the 572 RED A' /TEA' VALLEY AXV Detroit Daily Free Press. In 1870 he removed to Grand Rapids. Micliigan, and established a job office in connection witii the Gr^nd Kapids Times. After remaining there about two years, in May, 1872, he sold out, and until the following October took a trip in searcii of a good location. lie finally readied Minneapolis, where he secured the position as foreman of the Tribune job department. He was tiien placed on the road, and until 1875 was thus employed. In 1875 he went to Detroit, Becker county, Minnesota, and pureliasod tlie Detroit Record, whicli he o[)erated for one year. He then returned to Minneapolis and established a job oHiee, and in November, 1880, sold out, and in 1882 went to Valley City, Dakota, where he, in connection with Mr. Baxter, established the Barnes County Record, but he purchased Mr. Baxter's interest the same year. He remained in that place until April, 1887, when he sold out and removed to T'erham, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, purchasing the Perham Bulletin of E. H. Love, and has since carried on the business. The ])a])er is one of the best local ])apers in the county, and its circulation extends tlirough that and sui'rounding counties. Mr. Davison was married in December. 187u, to Miss Caroline Morse, and this union has been blessed with one child — Edna, born IVlay 2, 1877. Our subject is a democrat in his political affiliations, and is a member of the Independent Order of Odd-Fellows. He is the present justice of the peace of Perham, and is one of the prominent citizens of this portion of tiie State. John rannie logan, m. d., c. m., m. >P R. C. S. ENC, is one of the leading and most successful medical practitioners in the northern part of the lied River Valley. He is a resident of the citv of Grand Forks. North Dakota, where he is engaged in his profession. He is a native of the Dominion of Canada, born in Cartwi'ight, county Dur- ham, Dominion of Canada, on the 3d day of June, 18G5, and is the son of the Rev. Will- iam and Margaret (Rannie) Logan, natives of Aberdeen, Scotland. At the age of three years ilr. Logan removed, with his parents, to Fenelon Falls, Canada, where he received jirivate tutoi-sliip until he had attained the age of twelve years. He then entered Trinixy College, in Port Hope, Ontario, where lie remained three years, and then entered the medical depart- ment of that college, from which he gradu- ated with the highest honor — the Universit\' gold medal — in 1885. He treated a small-pox epidemic, for the Canadian Government, in Hungerford, county Hastings, Canada, in 1884. There were about 250 cases, and as they were mostly composed of the French or Irish classes, he had hard work to vaccinate them all, as they were ignorant and super- stitious to an unusual degi'ee. After his graduation he went to London, Enghmd. and for eighteen months attended the London Hospital, graduating before the Royal Col- lege of Surgeons. He remained in the hos- pital until the following spring, when he made a trip tlirough Scotland and Ireland, and then went to New York City, where he spent a couple of montiis in visiting the dif- ferent hospitals, and studying the ditferent stages of diseases. In 1886 he went to Seattle, "Washington Territory, and after vis- iting various towns and lumber camps in Washington Territory and California, re- turned to Dakota, settling in Ardock in August, 1886, w'here he remained, in part- nership with Dr. Montgomery, engaged in medical work, until October, 1887, when he removed to Grand Forks, North Dakota, whore he resumed his jirofession, in piirtner- ship with H. M. Wheeler, JI. 1)., with whom ' he has since remained. Thev are among the PARK RF.GIOXS OF M/XXESOTA. 573 leading and prominent practitioners in the county, and are widely known throughout that !)art of the State. Tiie Doctor was married in Ardock, on the 2d day of May, 1888, to Miss Lillian Jacobi, daugliter of E. R. and Ellen (Stevenson) Jacobi, natives of Germany and Ireland, respectivel}'. In January, 1889, Dr. Logan was appointed county physician, in the duties of which he is actively engaged in connection with his other practice. He is a man of the strictest integrity and honor, and is highly esteemed l)y ail who know him, both profes- sionally and as an exemplary citizen. -«- /^^^LIVER PETTIER, a prominent farmer \^ii/ and stock-raiser of Kound Prairie township, Todd county, Minnesota, is a resi- dent of section 20. He is a native of Canada, born in Montreal, on the 8th day of Septem- ber, 1827, and is the son of Peter and Ange- line (Manger) Pettier, also natives of the Dominion of Canada. The father and mother of our subject, who were farmers in Canada, are now dead. They were the parents of the following-named children — Peter, Sarah, Eobert, Oliver, Euphena, Micheal, Moses, Mary, Phileman, Alice, Margi'et and Alice. Mr. Pettier, the subject of this biographical sketch, is what may be termed a self-made man. There being no educational facilities in his native neighborhood, his education was drawn from practical life. When young he entered an apprenticeshij) to the stone- inason's trade, and continued at this until 1840. In that year he came to the United States, and located in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he worked at his trade for two or three years and then removed to Scott county, Minnesota. He remained there seven years, working on his farm. At the expiration of that time he removed to Sibley county, where he was engaged in farming. In 1878 he came to Todd county, and settled in Round Prairie township, on section 20, where he has since remained. He is one of the most extensive farmers in thecountj' and devotes a large share of his time to stock- raising. He has a fine well-cultivated farm of one hundred and sixty acres, with good building improvements. Mr. Pettier was united in marriage on the 16th day of July, 1862, to Miss Herriette Henrioranet, and this union has been blessed with two children, named as follows — Walter and Oliver. Mrs. Pettier passed away from the scenes of earth to her final reward in 1867. She was an estimable lady and her loss was deeply regretted by all who knew her. Walter is teaching school in Todd county, and is having the best of success with his school. Oliver is attending the normal school at Lebanon, Ohio. Mr. Pettier is an independent in politics, reserving the right to vote for the best man regardless of party lines. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Long Prairie Lodge, No. 1.59. He is an esteemed citizen and a man of in- tegrity and honor, his word being as good as his bond. •«- «4>. JTOHN 1. PLACE, attorney and cojinseloi-- ^ at-law, in the village of Wheaton, is one of the prominent lawyers of Traverse count}', Minnesota. He is a native of Illinois, born in Lena, Stevenson county, Illinois, on the 10th day of February, 1851, and is the son of Joseph and Harriett (Colyer) Place, natives of Vermont and New York, respect- ively. The fathei' died in 1860, and the mother is living with our subject, at the age of seventy-six years. They were the parents of the following-named chiklren — Mary S., Wm. H., John L, Christina and Sarah C. Mr. Place, the subject of this biographical review, received his education in Broadhead, 57t RF.I^ KD'ER WlI.LF.Y AiVD Wisconsin, and in 1875 removed to Minne- sota, and in 1876 settled in Red Wing, where he remained until 18S SG. ROBERTSON, a prosperous and influential member of the farming community of the l^arlc llegions of Minne- sota, is a resident of section 21. Wa(k'na township, Wadena county, Minnesota. He is a native of Tennessee, born in Fentress county, on the 31st day of March 1828, and is the son of Isaac E. and Sarah (Helm) Eobertson, natives of Tennessee. The father and mother of our subject were the parents of the following-named children — Joiin 11.. Lewis C, Stokely G., Solomon, Moses, Julia, Adam, Jonatiian and Sarah. Ml'. Kobertson, the subject of this memoir, remained in his native State but a few years, and at an early age removed with his parents to Lafayette county, Wisconsin, where our subject remained thirteen or fourteen years, attending the common schools of tiiat Slate. During his odil hours lie worked at the mechanic's trade, and after comjiietiiig his apprenticeship he worked at his trade for a number of years in the State of Wisconsin. \ In 18C2 he removed to Minnesota, and settled in Blue Eai-th county, where he worked at iiis trade until the spring of 1871. He then decided to seek new fields for his efforts, and accordingly started overland for tln^ North- west. He drove through to Douglas county, Minnesota, where lie took a claim and erected alo"!' sliaiitv, witli sod roof, livinrr there and enduring the hardsiiips and privations of jiioneer life for about six years. In 1877 he sold his farm and moved to Wisconsin, and settled in Hursey, where he engaged in the lumber business for a number of years. In tlie montli of July, 1880, he returned to Minnesota and located in Wadena county, where he took his present faiMii. He has since resided uj)on his place, engaged in gen- eral farming and stock-raising operations. He is one of the most successful farmers in the county, ami beai's the respect of all wlio know him. His youngest son, Stephen A., has become a partner in the business. Mr. liobertson was mai'ried on the 11th day of April, 18.50, to Miss Lavina liima, a native of Oiiio. This union has been blessed witii tiie following-named children — Euphe- mia, wife of J. H. Brady ; Spencer, Sarah, wife of G. Fires ; Stokely G., Jr., and Stej^hen A. All are living near by, except Spencer, who is in Montana. Mr. Robertson is an adherent to the principles of the " best men party." He has a fine farm of 160 acres under good cultivation and with good build- ing improvements. He is a hard woiker, ami has been and is closely identified with all local improvements. «^^ .«« E)EV. LOUIS G. ALMEN, of New Lon- JL'^^ don, Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, is pastor of the Swedish Lutheran Nest Lalce church. He came here in 1879, and has since remained, accomplishing much good in Park regions of Minnesota. 577 the cause. During the first eight years here lie also served the Mainrelunds Swedish Lutheran church. His present congregation consists of 2;W conmiunicants and about 450 members in alL Tiie society owns a church edifice and ten acres platted into town lots. Tills congregation was organized in 1858 under the name of the Swedish Lutheran Nest Lake Congregation. It was dissolved at the time of the Indian outbreak, but was soon reorganized, and has been maintained ever since. Reverend Almen has been closely identified with the growth and development of this organization ; and its present pros- perous anubuc[ue county, Iowa, where they remained Until 1868, then removing to Nebraska. They were the parents of six children, our subject being tlie youngest. The Doctor received his common education in the- district schools of his native State, where he attended school until he was sixteen j'ears old, and during tiie summers of that time assisted on the home farm. In 1S68 he removed witii his parents to Nebraska, and for four years attended the ifount Pleasant (Iowa) University. He then went to St. Louis, Missouri, where he studied medi- cine for one year; at the expiration of that time he removed to Omaha, where he studied one year, graduating with liigli honors. After receiving his (li]>loma lie was elected demonstrator of anatomy of the college, and until 1882 remained in that capacity. In September, 1882, he removed to Minnesota, settling at Brainerd, Crow Wing county, and for six 3'^ears was surgeon of the Northern Pacific Sanitarium. In September, 1888, he resigned his position and at once opened an office for the general practice of his profes- sion. He has since been engaged in clinical work, and is one of the leading physicians and surgeons in the LTpper Mississippi Valley. In March, 1888, he was elected mayor of the city, being the first democratic mayor ever elected in that ]ihice. He lias also ijeen alderman t»f the til'tii ward, being elected \x\ 1885 for a term of twt) years. lie is a pub- lic-spirited citizen and is prominently i(i(>nti- fied with all local matters. He is a man of the strictest integrity and honor, highly esteemed by all who know iiim, l)oth in iiis profession and as an official, as well as an exemplary citizen. JED ENJAMIN C. TAYLOR, the well-known W^) veterinary surgeon of Ilillsboro, North Dakota, was born in Xassagaweya township, Ilalton county, Canada, K\w\\ 14, 1853, and is a son of Thomas M. and ]\Iary PARK REGIONS OF MINNESO T.I. 583 (Anderson) Taylor, who are natives of Eng- land anil Ireland, respectively. Until he was seventeen years of age Ben- jamin lived with his parents, attending the district school winters, and working on the farm during the summer months. lie then went to Clifford and learned the l)lacksmith trade. After remaining in one shop for three years he went to Guelph where he worked as journeyman for one year in a carriage factory, then returning to Nassa- gaweya township, where he started a shop for himself and remained in that business two years, then moved to Brock way Centre, Michigan, and worked in a foundry one year. He then went to Smith Creek, Mich- igan, and carried on a general blacksmith and wagon-making business for six years; then rented his place for one year and came to Caledonia, Traill county, Dakota Terri- t(nT, to look for a location. He staid here six months, then returned to Michigan, sold out and went to Toronto, attending a veter- inar}' college one winter. He then came to Hillsboro in the spring of 1886 and has made his home hei'e ever since, returning to college every w inter. He graduated Decem- ber 25, 1887. Doctor Taylor has a very fine veterinary hospital ; it is 80x-Jr6 feet in size and contains all the modern improvements. He and his family occupy the front upper part, which is finished off in good comfortable style. Beside his profession he is a breeder of fine blooded dogs, as the St. Bernard, Newfound- land and imported Englisli (ireyhound. He has one pure white hound, a species seldom seen, as they are very i-are. Doctor Taylor was married in Bi-ockway Center, Michigan, JSTovember 12, 1870, to Miss Maggie Wilhams, who was born in Brampton, Canada, July 27, 1859, daughter of Charles and Kate (Mclsaac) Williams, who are natives of England and Scotland, respectively. Doctor Taylor holds the office of county inspector of deceased stock and is consid- ered one of the most successful veterinary surgeons of the Northwest. He is a genial, pleasant gentleman, a man of strict integrity and is highly esteemetl both as a business man and an exemplary citizen. »-.*► Rather JOSEPH H. MARCIL, rector if^ of the St. Joseph parish in Red Lake Falls, Polk count\% Minnesota, is one of the most powerful pul])it orators to be found in the Catholic society in the Red River Valley. He is a native of Canada, born in the county of Rouville on the 30th day of March, 1853, and is the son of Joseph and Julian (San- rette) Marcil, natives of Lower Canada. The father and mother of our subject were the parents of the following-named children — Arzelie, Amanda, Louis, Dorila, Rose, Albina, Aloysia and Josephine. Arzelie married A. Sanretteand lives in Manitoba. Dorila mar- ried Donat Lambert, of Polk county, Min- nesota. Rose is the wife of Rock Jourdain, of Canada. Albina is now Mrs. Rivard, liv- ing in Dakota. Aloysia was united in mar- riage to Paul Peloquin, of Ontario, Canada. Josephine is now Mrs. Norbert Forest, of Manitoba. Louis is married and lives in Red Lake Falls. Father Marcil, the subject of this bio- graphical sketch, remained with his parents until he had olitained a collegiate education, classical and theological. In June, 1876, he graduated with high honors from the semi- nary at St. Ilyacinthe, county of St. Hya- cinthe, Canada, and from the theological department in August, 1879. He was then ordained as priest, and went to Winnipeg and took charge of the church at that place. Remaining four years and a half he removed to Minnesota. In December, 1884, he located in the village of Red Lake Falls, Polk county. 5S4 HEP KIVKK VALLEY AND Minnesota, where he took charge of the St. Joseph parisli. He has since remained there, and is highly esteemed and respected by all who ivnow him. lie is a man of wide read- ing and extensive education. He is one of the most powerful pulpit orators in that region and a forcible writer. He is a man of much more than ordinary ability, and is a rejiresentative and exciiiphu-y citizen. His parents are still living with him, the father now being sixty -six years old and the mother sixty-two. ^ ICHARD D. RYERSON, photographer, and engaged in the notion business, handling musical instruments, picture frames, l(laiil< books, tablets, albums, scrap-books, line confectionery, nuts, fi'uits, toys, etc., in T)etroit City, P.ecker county, Minne- sota, is a native of Maine. He was boi-n in Paris, T\raine, on the 22d day of January, IS-ti*, and is the son of Joiin U. and Elmii'a (Dunham) Ryerson, natives also of Maine. The father was engaged in the boot and shoe business in Maine for man^' j'ears. He was a member of Company C, Seventeenth Maine Infanti-y, and was in the service three years, participating in the battles of Fredericks- burg and Chancellorsville. Our subject's father and mother were of Scotch and Ger- man descent. The father and mother were the parents of six children, named in the following order — Richard, Angie, Hattie, Annie, Cora and Myrtia. Mr. Ryerson, of whom this sketch treats, spent liis youngcu' days in Maine, where he attended school until he was sixteen years old. He then entered his fatiier's manufac- tor\% wher(! he learned the boot and shoe- maker's trade, working at that avocation for foui' years. AV^hen he was twenty years old he went to Dexter, Maine, and engaged in the l)oot and shoe business. For twelve succeeding yeai'S he was employed at his trade in various localities in Maine. In 1880 he went to Castean, a summer resort on the Penobscot Pay, where he learned the artist's trade. He then I'eturned to Dexter, Maine, purchased an outfit and traveled through Maine. In 18S1 he purchased a ])ortable photographic outfit, and until 1SS3 traveled through the different towns in his native State, eniraered in his business. In 1883 he moved to the West and located at Detroit City, where he opened a gallery and con- tinued in business until 18SG, when he built his present building. In addition to his art he carries a full line of confectioneries and notions, having the finest establishment of the kind in the place. Mr. Ryerson is a musician of more than ordinary talent and has always taken an active interest in any musical organization in the locality. He organized the band contest in 188-1, in which nine bands jiai'ticipated ; the three prizes being won, respectively, by the Prain- erd, Wahpeton aiul Perham banils. He is now president of the village band, and for a number of months was treasurer of that organization. He has the reputation of being the best solo drummer in the Northwest and is familiar with almost every instrument known to band men. In 1877 Mr. Ryerson was married to Adell Lancaster, anativeof Maine, and the daughter of Pela and Louisa (Turner) Lancaster, natives of the same State. Our subject is a stanch republican and any home enterprise receives his hearty suppoi't. He is a pi'ouiinent citi- zen and is highly esteemed by all who know him. The Ryerson family have invented a num- ber of useful patents. Our subject, Mr. Ryerson invented an adjustable stove leg, which was patented in Canada and in the United States July 3, 1878. The father, John R. Ryerson, invented the metallic book heel and sokl his patent for .S]2,U00. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 585 John COSTAIN, who is engaged in the f^ general merchandising business in the village of Hawley, is one of the oldest set- tlers in Clay county, Minnesota,' having locateil tliere in 1ST3 and opened a general store in partnei'ship with Mr. Pryor. He sold his intei-est to Mr. Pryor, his partner, in Mai'ch, ISSO, and formed a partnership in the following September with his present partner, Walter Tamer, the firm name being AV. Tamer »It Co. The subject of this sketch is a native of the Isle of Man, born on the 2(1 day of March, 184-5, and is the son of John and Jane (Clague) Costain, also natives of the Isle of Man. Tlie father was a sailor through life, and is still residing on his native island. The father and mother of our sub- ject were the parents of the following-named children — Kichard, John, Edward, Elizabeth, Thomas and Jane. John Costain, the subject of this l^iograph- ical review, received his education on the Isle of Man, where he attended school until he had attained the age of twenty -four years. At that period in life he emigrated to the United States, and after landing in Boston, Massachusetts, went to San Francisco, Cal- ifornia, where he remained eighteen months, working at various occupations. At the expii-ation of that time he removed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, M'here he worked 'on the Washburn "A" Mill as mason. He then went to Dakota county, IMinnesota, where he worked for two years as a stone mason on vaiious mills throughout that county. After leaving there he returned to Minneapolis, where he remained one year employed as a mason, and then in 1873 removed to the village of Hawley, Clay county, Minnesota, where he has since remained. As stated above, he entered the general merchandising business in partnership with Mr. Pryor, and afterward engaged with his present partner, Mr. Tamer. They have since carried on an extensive business, and are now the leading general merchants in the village. They carry a full line of goods, and are doing a heavj' business. Our subject has done more to promote the general welfare and interests of the villatj-e and county than, perhaps, any other one man. He has held man\' of the responsible positions in the county and village, includ- ing county commissioner, county auditor, recorder, justice of the peace and clerk. He is one of the leading and prominent citizens, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. Mr. Costain was married September 28, 18Y3, to Miss Eliza J. Pryor, and this union has been blessed with three children — Arthur, Ell)ert and Wilfred. Our subject is a republican in his political affiliations. He and his family belong to the Congrega- tional church, of which he is treasurer, and also superintendent of the Sunday-school. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd-Fellows, of which he is one of the officers, in Hawley. He is actively inter- ested in all local matters, and any home enterprise receives his hearty support. aANS MICKLESON, who is the mana- ger of the Pelican Papids Roller Mills, and is also engaged in the hardware Imsiness in the village of Pelican Rajjids, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, is a native of Norway. He was born on the lid day of April, 1854, and is the son of Mickle and Mary (Anderson) Mickleson, also natives of that kingdom. They removed to America in 1868, and first located in Wisconsin, where they engaged in farming. In 1871 they re- moved to Clitherall, Otter Tail county, Min- nesota, where they took a homestead and are now residing. Mr. Mickleson, the subject of this sketch, remained in his native land until Ik; had 586 KEl) RIl^ER I'ALLEY AND attained the age of fourteen years, during wliicL time, he atlcnded school and assisted on the home farm. In 18G8 he emigrated to the United. States with his parents, and after landing, removed to Wisconsin, settling in St. Croix county, Wisconsin, wiiere our subject I'omained at home with Ids parents, at.tendino: scliool and assislinile Bentl, where thev continued in business for two years. Our subject then oj)ened his presiMit hardware store in tiie village. He has since been engaged in the business, and now carries a full [line of goods, and is PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA 587 having a large trade throughout the entire county. Mr. Abbott was united in marriage on the ISth day of February, 1888, to Miss Mary Ii'eland, a native of Massachusetts. She was educated in Otter Tail county, Minnesota, where she had moved with her parents in 1 870. The subject of this article is an adher- ent to the principles of the democratic party and is actively interested in all movements wiit'i'eby the town or county may derive l>enetiL. J^EV.SVEN GUSTAF SWENSON is the jKf^y, present superintendent of schools of Kittson county, Minnesota. He was born in Iljortsberga, Smaland, Sweden, June 10, 1850. Mr. Swenson's parents were Magnus and Lisa (Johnson) Swenson, both natives of Sweden. The father was a farmer by occu- pation, and continued in the same business after he came to the United States in 1875. Tliey settled in Sparta township, Kent county, Michigan, where the father and mother are still living. Tile subject of our sketch was about six- teen years of age when his parents came to America, and he had had up to this time the best of educational advantages in the common schools of his native land. At nineteen \'ears of age he entered the Augus- tana College and Theological Seminary at Mock Island, Illinois, and graduated in both college and seminary. He graduated from the college in lSS-1, and from the seminary in 188(5. Being thus thoroughly ecjuipj^ed for the preaching of the divine word, he was ordained as a minister of the Swedish Evan- gelical Lutheran Augustana Synod. He then Minnesota, and came to Kittson countv took charge of three congreoations- -Red River, Saron and Enimaus — continuing in this relation for two and one-half years. In 1887 he organized a church in Hallock, which, with the church at Saron, comprises his whole church work. In November, 1888, Mr. Swenson was elected superintendent of schools of Kittson county, a position he is well prepared to till. Eev. Mr. Swenson is a power of influence among the people with whom he labors, and his intellectual and theological training make him a powerful defender of the 'tenets of his religious faith. He is a man of broad and tender symjiathies, and is held in high esteem by all who know him. ^> JMLaNS a. LARSON, the present iiicum- ^'*2L bent of the office of register of deeds of Marshall county, Minnesota, is a resident of the village of Warren, where he is engaged in his official duties. He is a native of Nor- way, born in Eidsvold, on the 27th da}' of May, 1854, and is the son of Martin and Catharine (Olson) Larson, also natives of the kingdom of Norway. The parents of our subject emigrated to the United States in 1864 and settled in Eed Wing, Goodhue county, Minnesota, whence they removed in 1876 to Ellsworth, Pierce count}', Wiscon- sin, where they have since remained. They are the parents of the following-named chil- dren — Hans A., Charles L., Christine M., Marie M. and Nicholas A. Mr. Larson, the sul>ject of this biograph- ical sketch, remained in his native land until he was ten years old. During that time, he attended the common schools of Eidsvold. and in 1864 emigrated to the United States with his parents. After reaching America they located in Eed Wing, Goodhue county, Minnesota, where our subject attended school until he was twent^'-one. He then commenced in life for himself, and for the next four 3'ears he worked out among the neio'hborins' farmers. In 1879 he went to Marshall count V.Minnesota, and homesteaded 588 KED RIVER VALLEY AA'D 160 acres of land on section 24, Big Woods townsliip, where he lived until December 15, ISSS. lie tiien removed to the village of Warren, where he has since lived. Previous to this, while he was on the farm, he clerked for three j^ears in a store in Argyle. In November, 1888, he was elected to the office of register of deeds, and commenced his official duties Januaiy 7, 1889, and has since filled the position with credit to himself and satisfaction to all concerned. Mr. Larson was united in marriage on the 23d day of December, 1884, in Graml Forks, Dakota Territory, to Miss Betsy Swanson, the daughter of Mathias and Agnetta (Han- son) Swanson, residents of the town of Big- Woods, and tliis union has been blessed with the following-named children — Martin M., Alpliia C. and Charles S. Our subject is a republican in his jiolitical affiliations, and is actively interested in all local matters. He has held the position of town clerk for three years. He is a man of excellent business ability, and is highly esteemed by all who know iiim. T^UCAS W. SMITH, one of the oldest set- 1'^; ' tiers in W;ulena count\', Minnesota, is living a retired life in the village of Vern- (lulc. He is a native of the State of Ver- mont, born in Sutton township, Caledonia county, on the 15th day of September, 1816, and is the son of Jal)ez IT. and Anna Smith, natives of Vermont and Connecticut, resi)ec- tively. In 1825 the parents of our subject removed to New York State, which was then comparatively a new Territory. In 1834 they went to Ohio, where they remained until 1839; then they removed to Walworth county, Wisconsin, where they died. They were the parents of the following-named children — xilbertina A., Eugene A. and Marial C. Smith. Mr. Smith, the subject of this biograph- ical article, renuuiied in his native State, attending scJiool until he was nine years old, when he removed with his jjarents to St. Lawrence county. New Yoi-k. There he attended school, and in 1834 went with his parents to Lorain county, Ohio. lifter remaining at home for three years, he com- menced in life for himself, and in 1857 went to Green Bay, Wisconsin, which at that time was a large Indian trading post. After remaining in the northern part of Wisconsin for a year or two Mr. Smith returned to his home in Ohio, where he remained, assist- ing his father operate the home farm for some time. In 1839 he started, with a team, as a peddler, and was tii rough Ohio and else- where, finally locating in Walworth county, Wisconsin. Tiiere he took Government land and engaged in farming until 1852. He then went to the State of Iowa, where he engaged in farming for several years. In 1877 he started from Charles City, Floyd county, Iowa, in company with Washington Young and T. Tinklei)augh, for the Northwest, in search of a location. Reaching AVadena county, Minnesota, they decided to settle, and each took farms in the county. Our subject took a tract of land near tiie village of Vern- dale, which at that time was not even begun. By the 10th of Julj^, 1877, our subject had sixty acres under cultivation, and after filing u])on forty acres more, returned to Iowa. After returning from Iowa he entered his land in St. Cloud, ]\rinnesota, and established a town site, giving it the present name — Verndale. Vern, from the name of his grand-daughter, and dale, from the beautiful location of tiie village. He erected the first dwelling in the village, and in 1878 engaged in the general merchandise business, in which he continued until 1882. He was appointed postmaster, and held the position for several years. He has since been prominently identified with the history and progress of tiie town and PARK kEGIONS OF Mj.VNESOTA. 589 county, and is well known and highly esteemed in that section of the State. He still retains his fine farm on section 19, adjoin- ing the village, although he is not actively engaged in any Ijusiness. Mr. Smith was married in 1844: to Miss May Maison. and this union has been blessed with three children. ]\Ir. Smith and his family s\mipathize with the doctrines of the Universalist church. He is a stanch repub- lican in his political affiliations. He has held the offices of justice of the peace and judge of probate for a number of years. He is a man of the strictest honor ami integrity, and is actively interested in all local movements. -«-; -.»► f\MES NOLAN is engaged in the general mercantile business in McCauleyville, Wilkin county, Minnesota, and is a member of the firm of Nolan & Stevenson. Mr. Nolan, our subject, was born in Orange county, New York, on the Sth day of Octo- ber, 1839. He is a son of Joseph and Bar- bara (Stevenson) Nolan. The father was a cabinet-maker, and the family lived near the village of Montgomery. The parents were natives of New York, and they had a family of six children — George H., Catharine, Mary, Harriet, James and Elizabeth. The education which our sul)ject received in the Montgomeiy village school was supple- mented by a course of study in Kingston Academy, at Kingston, Pennsylvania. He graduated from that institution in 1858. For the suceeding three years Mr. Nolan peddled tin from a cart in both New York and Pennsylvania. AVhile on a trip selling his wares, April 19, 1S(>1, found him in Mauch (Jhunk in the latter State. This was just five days after the firing on Fort Sumter. Here he enlisted in Com]>an3' E, Si.\th Regi- ment Pennsylvania Three Months' Volun- teers. He was given a furlough in which to return his cart to Binghamton, New York. Then he rejoined his company, served the three months and was discharged at Harris- burg, Pennsylvania. He returned to his native State, where, in August, 18(!2, he re-enlisted in Company G, Sixty -fourth Kegi- ment. New York Volunteers, and served till the close of the war. He saw war in all its phases under General McClellan in the Peninsular campaign, in the second battle of Bull Bun, at Antietam, Gett^'sburg, Chan- cellorsville, Fredricksburg andthe Wilderness. He was through Grant's campaign to Peters- burg and Appomattox. On the 7th of May, 1805, he was discharged at Washington, District of Columbia. Mr. Nolan now spent a little time at home in New York, revisited Washington and from there came to St. Cloud, Minnesota. From this place he assisted in driving a herd of cattle to Fort Abercombie. Eeturning to St. Cloud, he clerked in the Central House. Then he was employed as messenger for the Northwestern Stage and Express Company between St. Cloud and Crow Wing. Janu- ary 14, 1869, the company put him in charge of the Fort Abercrombie end of the route. He has since been a citizen, and has also been engaged in the hotel business and farming. In 1878 and 1880 Mr. Nolan took land of 143 and 160 acres, respectively under the ]ire- eni])tion and homestead acts, which he still owns. Tne land is under a high state of cul- tivation, with good building improvements. On 1886 Mr. Nolan closed his hotel busi- ness, spent the following winter in California and returned. In the fall of 1887 he, in com- pany with Mr. Stevenson, engaged in the general merchandise business. Our subject was married in 1867, at St. Cloud, Minnesota, to Miss Jane Stevenson who is a native of Canada. They have no children. Mr. Nolan affiliates with the republican party. He was one of the first county commissioners of Wilkin county, 590 KF.n KIVKR \-ALLF.Y AND 1 being appointed to the office b}' Governor Ilubbord. He lias also been sheriff of the county for one term of two years. lie is a member of the Good Templars. — «-- ■.^. — O^ILLIAM O. BERGERSON. The sub- W^ ject of this ai'ticle is a resident of the village of Lake Park, Becker county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in the photog- rapher's art. lie is a native of the State of Iowa, born in Decorah, Winneshiek county, on the 22d day of December, 1855, and is the son of Jacob and Annie Bergerson, natives of Norway. They emigrated to the United States in 1845, and settled in Decorah, Iowa. The grandfathei' of our subject was Berger Bergerson, a native of Norway, and a farmer by occupation. He came to America and settled in Decorah, and removed from there to Freeborn count}', Minnesota, where he remained twelve j'ears. He then went to Polk county, Minnesota, where he died in 1884. The father of our subject was a miller by occupation, and in 18G-4 removed from Iowa to Albert Lea, Minnesota, where he engaged in his trade for thirteen 3'ears. He now is eno-ajjed in farming seven miles north of Albert Lea, and has a fine well-cultivated farm of 200 acres. The father and mother of our subject were the pai'entsof the follow- ing-named childi-en — Bernhart, Sojihia, (ius- tena, William, Josephena, Kudolj)!!, Harry, Louisa and Ludwig. William O. Bergerson. tin; subject of this article, remained in Decoi'ah, Iowa, until he was nine years of age, during which time he attended the common schools of that city. At the age of nine years he I'emoved with his parents to Freel)orn county, Minnesota, wiiere he attended school until he was six- teen years old. He then went to Albert Lea, where he entered the high school, graduating from that institution with high honors, at the age of twenty yeai-s. He then learned the photographer's art, and in 1875 went to Chi- cago, Illinois, where the sjK'ut one year ))er- fecting his trade. He then returned to Albert Lea, where he engaged at his trade for three years. In 1879 he removed to the village of Lake Park, Becker county, Minne- sota, where he opened the first permanent gallery in the village. He erected a l>uild- ing and has all the modern improvements in a])paratus and fixtures. He has a large class of customers and turns out some of the best work to be secured in th.at part of the State. Mr. Bergerson was married in 1881 to Miss Nettie Clawson, a native of Albert Lea, Minnesota, and the daughter of Peter and Anna Clawson.. Mr. and ]\Irs. iiergei'son have been blessed with two cliildi'eii — Amelia and Jessie. Mr. Bergerson is inde- pendent in jiolitical matters, reserving the right to vote U\v the best man regardless of party lines. He has held tlie offices of jus- tice of the peace, town clerk, and has been a member of the village council. Mr. Berger- son is a man of the strictest honor and integrity and is highly esteemed by all who know him. He is one of the substantial business men of the village and is actively interested in all local matters. - • ■♦ > -!-^^- < »■ • - PETER ALDRIN. The biographical sub- ject of this article is a resident of the village of Kensington, Douglas county, Min- nesota, where he is engageil in the genei'al merchandising business in partnership with Charles Lilyquist, whose biography will be found in another department of this Ai.hum. He is a native of Sweden, born on the 19th day of November, 1853, and is the son of Carl and Catharine (Peterson) Aldrin, natives of Sweden. Mr. Aldrin, of whom this memoir treats, remained in his native country, attending PARK REG IDA'S OF MIAWESOTA. 591 school, until he was seventeen years old. In 1870 he and his father emigrated to the United States, and, after landing in New York, proceeded to oMinnesota and settled in Minneapolis, in June of tiiat year. Our sub- ject's niotiier and three sisters emigrated to the United States in 1874. After locating in Minneajwlis our subject entered a brickyard, where he worked until the 25th of October, 1870, when he secured work on the raili'oad, between Stillwater and White Bear. On the l.'itli of December, 1S70, he went to Scott county, Minnesota, and during that winter and the foUowiu"' surinj;- worked for Fred Erickson. He then returned to Minneapolis, in June, and until the following August worked on the St. Louis Railroad. He then secured work in a saw-mill for Pettit, Rob- inson I'c Co., and after working for them until the fall of 1871, returned to work for his old employer, Fred Erickson, on the Man- itoba line. In March, 1872, Mr. Aldrin returned to his farm in Scott county, where he renuiined through seeding, then returning to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he went to work again for Pettit, Robinson & Co. On the 15th of November, 1872, he went to Urness, Douglas county, Minnesota, wiiere he I'eniained with his father during the winter, and in the following spring resumed work in Minneapolis with ills old eniployei's. After working for them until October 22, 1873, he returned to his father's home in Douglas county, and in the spring returned to Minneapolis and went to work for Morrison Brothers in a saw-mill. In November, 1874, when his mother and sisters emigrated to the United States, he went with them to their father's and hus- band's home, where our subject remained until May, 1875, when he again went to Minneapolis aiul worked for Morrison Broth- ers until July. On tlie 20th of that month he returned to take care of his mother and sisters, his fatliei- having died April 3, 1875. He built a house and took charge of the place until 1882. In 1879 he had purchased a farm of eighty acres, on which he moved in the spring of 1882. This farm is in Erdahl township. Grant countv, Minnesota. He engaged in farming and general stock- raising, and gradualh^ improved and added to the land. On the ] ith of February, ] 887, he removed to Kensington, Douglass county, Minnesota, and in the following April engaged in the general merchandising busi- ness, in partnership with Lilyquist Brothers. When they dissolved, our subject and Cliarles Lilyquist took up the business, which they have since carried on. Mr. Aldrin was united in marriage to Miss Christie Anderson on the 23d of November, 1879, and this union has been blessed with the following-named children — Carl V., Clara A., Allvilda C. and Alma M. Our subject is a reiniblican in his political affilia- tions, and while in Grant county was on the board of supervisors for two years and chairman of that body for one year. Since coming to Kensington he has been promi- nently and actively interested in all local movements, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. -**- OHN O. KOLSTAD is a prominent W resident of Underwood, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. He has lived a Kfe full of busi- ness activities and lias now retired to enjoy the competency accunuilated during his busi- ness life. He was born in Norway on the 6th day of August, 1824. Mr. Kolstad was a son of Ole and Gun- hilde (Anderson) Erickson. botii natives of Norway. The}' were farmers by occupa- tion, were well-to-do, and occuj)ied j)rominent places in the social relations of their native land. 592 RED mVF.R VALLEY AND The subject of our sketch remained at home in his native country until wi;!! along in years. He received excellent intellectual advantages and was given a thorough clas- sical education. In 18(59 he determined to visit America, and with that in viewtook pas- sao-e on an ocean steamer and started for the much-heard-of free country. Landing in New York he continued his journe}' to Wis- consin, stopping for two months in Mil- waukee. Thence he went to Rushford, Fillmore county, Minnesota, where he taught a Norwegian school for one year. He then removed to the town of Sverdrup, Otter Tail county, same State, and settled on Govern- ment land. This was in 1870, and he con- tinued to I'un his farm for some time. He then concluded to launch out into mercan- tile pursuits. So, removing to Undei'wood, same county, he formed a partnership with a Mr. Sether and built the store building now occupied by Bjorge and Sjordal. where they opened a general merciiandise business. Tills business was steadily continued until 1886, when it was sold to A. H. Brockamp, and Mr. Kolstad returned to the farm. He contunied on the farm until the fall of 1888, when he put it into the hands of a renter, and himself moved to Underwood. He has an excellent farm of ItiO acres all under a high state of cultivation. Mr. Kolstad was marri(>d December 28, 184:5, to Anna Johnson, a luitive of Norwa\'. She was a daughter of John Olsen and was born in Norway on the 21st of June 182.3. Mr. Kolstad is a man of nmch influence in the affairs of his community, and is held in hi'di esteem bv all who know him. He has held the office of supervisor for two terms, and by virtue of his good business qualities and early and thorough education is well (|ualified to hold any position of trust within the gift, of the republican party, of which he is a zealous supporter. Mr. Kolstad is a member of the Unitarian church. J©URRE E. BURKEE, the present post- -LU master in the village of St. Hilaire, Polk county, Minnesota, and also engaged in thegeneral merchandising business, is a native of tlie kingdom of Norway. He was born in Bui-kee, Norwa\', on the 21st da}' of No- vember, 1857, and is the son of Erick and Syverine (Bergoust) Burkee, natives also of that kingdom. The father died in 18fi9 and the mother in 187-1. !Mr. Burkee, the subject of this article, remained at home until the death of iiis parents. During that time he attended the common schools of his native land, and, at the age of twenty, fell heir to the old home- stead. Upon the advice of a lirotlier, who had returned on a visit from the United States, he sold the old homestead and emigrated to this • counti-y. In 1882 he located at Montevidecj, Minnesota, where he attended school two winters, and in tiie summers engaged in the merchiindising busi- ness in the village of St. Hilaire, I'olk county, Minnesota, with his brother John. After attending school two winters, at his uncle's, he removed to St. Hilaire, where he has since remained. Tiiey have a fine stock of goods, and are doing a good business. Mr. Burkee, the subject of this biograjJiy, was united in marriage on the IStli daj' of June, 1888, to Miss f/'aroline Larson, a native of Manitowoc county, "Wisconsin, and the daughter of Ole and ifaria (Kjara) Larson, who were natives of Norway. Our subject and his estimable wife i)elong to the Norwegian Lutheran church, and are exem- plary citizens. Our subject is village treas- urer, and is also the present efficient post- master. Mr. Burkee is a man of the strictest integrity and honor, and is highly esteemed by all who bear his acquaintance. He is one of the leading business men of that portion of the countr}', and takes an active interest in all matters affecting the welfare of his town. PARK KECrONS OF M / jV.V E SO T.-l . 593 [AMES H. BOYLAN, the present post- master at Paynesville, a thrifty repre- sentative of the farming community of Stearns county, Minnesota, is a resident of section l-t, town 122, range 32, where he is eno^affeci in extensive and successful fai'minof and stock-i'aising. He is a native of JS^ew York State, born on tlie 1 3tli day of May, 1834, and is tlie son of Fiman and Laura (Flulburt) IJoyhm, natives of New Jersey and Massa- chusetts, respectively. Mr. Boy]an,of whom this biography treats, remained at home, attending school and assisting on the home farm until he was tvvent\'-one years old. He tiien left home and, in November, 1855, re- moved to Illinois, settling at Morris, where he worked for two and a half years in a liardware store. At the expiration of that time he went to Anoka, Minnesota, and in tiie spring of 1858 engaged in teaming, wliicii he followed until October, 1858, when he removed to Stearns county, Minnesota, and took a claim on section 16, Pa\'nesvilletown- siiip. where he engaged in logging for some time, then returned to Anoka, Minnesota, where he remained until 1859. In January, 1850, he returned to Paynesville, and the fol- lowing summer managed the farm of William Bennett. In 18()1 he returned to Allegany county. New Y'ork, where he worked at agri- cultural pursuits for a year and a half. Then he. in partnership with his brother, bougiit out the general merchandise firm of Lemond Brothei's, and until the spring of 1866 tliejf followed that business. Our subject then sold out and engaged in the liardware business until the spring of 1869, when he sold out and returned to Paynesville and l)ought a farm on section 14, town 122, range 32, which he has since occujiied. He now owns a fine, well-cultivated farm of 760 acies, and is engaged in an extensive farming OCT O and stock-raising business. He has held the offices of postmaster, chairman of the board of supervisors and assessor. He is one of the prominent farmers of the county and is highly esteemed by all who k'now him. Mr. Boylan was united in marriage on the 1st day of December, 1859, to Miss Canrissia A. Richardson, and this union has been blessed with eight children. In political mat- ters our subject is an adherent to the principles of the democratic ])arty, and is actively interested in all local matters. He was appointed ])ostmaster under Buchanan in the spring of 1859, also under Cleveland in February, 1888. -«-J^{^-^' [AMES SCOTT is a resident of Argyle village, Marshall county, Minnesota, and is engaged in the wheat business, being agent for the Red River Valley Elevator Com- pany. He is a native of Scotland, born on the 13th of September, 1861, and is the son of Michael and Jane (Smith) Scott, natives of Scotland and England, res])ectively. The father, who was a farmer and miller, died in 1868, and tlie mother passed away in 1883. Mr. Scott, of whom tliis article treats, remained at home opei'ating the home farm and attending school until 1883. After the father's death in 1868 our subject, with his bi'other Andrew, carried on the business until about 1876, when they closed the mill and carried on farming until 1883. Our subject then went to England, where he joined his brother who had removed nine years pre- vious. Mr. Scott again returned to his native land and engaged in the wholesale potato business during tlie winter of 1883 and 1884. In June, 1884, he returned home and remained witii his uncle in Cupar, Fife, Scotland, until the s])ring of 1885. On the 15th of April, 1885, he set sail for the United States, and after landing located in Euclid, Minnesota, where he I'emained one month on the farm of a Mr. Fairweather. He then removed to Argyle village, Marsiiall county, 594 KKD RIVEK l-A/./.F.y .-t.VD Minnesota, and engaged in buying wheat for Mr. Fairweallier. During the next fall he removed to Warren, Minnesota, whei-ehe was the agent for the Red Eiver Elevator Coni])any, and again came to Argyle, where lie has since remained employed b}' that company, lie is well known throughout the county, and devotes iiis lime exclusive!}' to his business. lie is popular and esteemed by all who know him, and is one of the active business citizens of the place. In politics he is an adherent to the prin- ci])les of the republican party, and is activel}' interested in all local movements. lie has taken an active part in Ijuilding iqi and maintaining the Presbyterian church, and is in every way a valued and exemplarv citizen. Jp)ROF. JAMES T. McCULLOCH, prin- jiP cipal of the high school in the village of Perhani, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, is one of the prominent and representative cit- izens of the county in which he lives. He is a native of Pennsylvania, i)orn in Westmore- land county, on the 2Sth day of December, 1858, and is the son of Joseph and Harriet (Hudson) McCulloch, natives, also, of Penn- sylvania. The parents were of Scotch and English descent. The father died in 188G. He had devoted his life to the jmrsuit of various callings — owning a farm, dealing in stock, and for a number of years ran a hotel and livery in Salem, Pennsylvania. They were blessed with a famil}' of the following- named children — Porter H., Samual L., James T., Welty J., Etta S. and Charles B. Professor McCulloch, the subject of this bio- graphical review, spent his school-ti;iys [)riii- ci pally at Delniont Academy, Delmont, Penn- svlvania, and at Westminster College, New Wibniiigton, Pennsylvania, where he attend- ed school up to the age of twenty-one years. He then secured a position as teacher in the Leechburg Academy, where he remained for one 3'ear. At the expiration of tiiat time he entered the law office of Crosbv & Crosby, Leechburg, Pennsylvania, where he remained one year. In ISS-t he removed to Minnesota and took charge of tiie schools at New York Mills,OtterTaiI county, Minnesota, remaining three years in that ])osition. He then removed to Perham, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, and accepted the principalship.of the liigh school at that p!ac(?. He has since tilled the posi- tion with credit to himself and satisfaction to all. He is a man of versatile and excel- lent attainments, and bears the respect and esteem of all who know him. He was the democratic candidate for county superinten- dent of schools in Otter Tail county in 18S8, but was defeated by a less majority than any other nominee on the ticket. Professor McCulloch was united in marriage, on the 2Sth day of August, 1887, to ]\Iiss HattieCarnahan, the daughter of Adam and Ester (Long) Carnahan, natives of Pennsyl- vania. Our subject and his estimable wife sympathize with the Presbyterian churcli. In political matters he affiliates with the democratic party, anil is actively interested in all local matters. He has always taken a lively interest in politics, and made forty- three speeches in the Gartield-IIancock cam- j)aign of 1880, speaking from the same plat- form with such men as S. M. Clark, Jacoi) Zeigler, Hon. James Mosgrove and Senator Laird. ^ M NDREW OPHEIM, who is engaged in Jcr^^>^ the drug business in the village of Fertile, Polk county, Minnesota, is a native of the kingdom of Norway. He was born in Yass, Norway, on the 14th day of Novem- ber, 1844, and is the son of Stark K. and Anna G. Opheim, also natives of that king- dom. The father was a farmer and black- PARX REGIONS OF MINUESO TA. 595 smith l)v occupation, and died in 1846. The f.-iliier and inotlier of our sul)jeet are the imrents of tiie following-nanied children — Anna, Carrie, Godskalk, Knot, Anna, Jr., and Andrew, tlie suljject of this slcetch. Mr. Opheiui, tiie suljject of this biograph- ical sketch, remained at home and attended common school, and afterward entered a high school in Vossevangen. and graduated from there after a two years' course of stud}', when eighteen years of age. He then com- menced in life for himself by securing a ])osition as school-teacher, which profession lie followed for eight years. In May, 1871, he decided to seek a livelihood in the New AVorld, and accord ingly emigrated to America. After a voyage of about fourteen days he landed in Quebec, and at once removed to Wisconsin, where he settled in Spring Prai- rie, Columbia (or Walworth) county. Until tlie fall of 1S72 he secured work among different farmers, and in the month of October, of that year, he went to Chicago, Illinois. There he secured work on the Pan Handle Eailroad, transferring cars, at which he worked for nine months. He then went to Dodge county, Minnesota, where he worked for farmers for two years, and then removed to Freeborn county, Minnesota. He remained there until 1880, during which time he taught school in the winters and worked out in the harvest field in the sum- mers. In ISSn he paid a visit to the Old World and remained eleven months, review- ing the scenes of his boyhood -days. In 1881 he returned to the United States and to Min- nesota, again locating in Dodge county. During that summer he worked on a farm, and in February, 1882, he moved to Aldal, Polk county, Minnesota, where he entered the drug business in ])artnership with Dr. A. Nelson. They remained in business in that place until 1887, when they moved their goods and buildmg to the village of Fertile, where thev have since remained. In 1885, however, they put in a general stock of mer- chandise and also a dry -goods store. They are now running the two stores and are doing a heavy business. Our subject is a member of the village council and has held the office of constable. In 1881 he pre-empted a claim on section 28, town 1-17, range 39, Columbia township, Polk county, Minnesota, on which he lived seven months. He has since proved up on the land and has a fine farm. He is a member of the Lutiieran church. In jiolitical matters he affiliates with the republican partv. LI WOODMAN, a prosperous farmer of Todd county, Minnesota, is exten- sivelv enffag-ed in general farming and stock- raising on his fine farm home on section 7, Grey Eagle township. He is a native of the Dominion of Canada, born in Canada West on the 10th day of December, 181,5, and is the son of Lorenza and Charlotte (Barry) Woodman, natives of New York State. They were married September 1, 1843, in New York. In 1855 they settled in Wis- consin, where the father died in 1858. The mother passed away in 1886. They were devoted members of the Methodist Episcopal church, the father being a class-leader for many years. He was a farmer by occupa- tion. They were the parents of the follow- ing-named children — Abagail, Eli, Jeremiah, Esther, Jane, Harriet E., George and Lor- enzo. George and William are deceased. Eli Woodman received his education in New York State, where he remained until nine years of age, when he removed with his parents to Wisconsin. He attended school there until he had attained tiie age of eighteen yeai's, at which period in life he enlisted in the Eleventh Wisconsin Infantry, Companj' D. This was in February, 1864, and he served until September 29, 1865, when he received an honorable discharge at 596 RED KIVER VALLEY AX D Madison, Wisconsin. He was in the siege of Mobile from Miircli 20th to April 9, 1865, besides many skirmishes. After his discharge lie settled in Riclibind county, Wisconsin, wiiere he remained fourteen years. In 1879 he I'emoved to Minnesota and settled in Todd county, ^finnesota, where he has since lived, lie bought land on section 7, Gre}' Eagle townsiiij), which lias since been his home. He erected tlie first house in the villag'e of Grey Eagle and lias donated several town lots for cluii'cii and other public buildings. He is one of tlie leadiii"' bnsiiu!.ss men in the township and one of the jirominent and suc- cessful farmers of the county. Mr. Woodman was married in December, 1867, to IMiss Emily Gravatte, who died in 1877. On January 11, 1880, Mr. Woodman wa.s mari'ied to Miss Ella Amerg. Mr. and Mrs. Woodman have been blessed with two children— Gertrude and Roscoe. Mr. Wood- man is a republican in politics. He and his family belong to the United Brethren church, lie lielongs to the Grand Arm\' of the liepublic and is pi'ominently identified in all movements of a local nature. — — «— S'"'i'HARLES H. COLYER, who is engaged in the law, loan, insurance and col- lection business in the village of Wheaton, Traverse county, Minnesota, is a native of the State of Wisconsin. He was born in Waukesha county, Wisconsin, on the 3d of November, 184!), and is the son of Lambert and Martha Colyer, natives of New Yoi-k State. The\' removed to Wisconsin in about 184:0, where tlie fatiier is still living. The mother died in 1879. They were the parents of the following-named children — Francis (deceased), William, Mary, Charles, Christa (now dead), Algetlia, Martha and Delia. Mr. Colyer, the subject of this biograph- ical niemoii-, received his education in the district schools of his native county, and attended one term at the Carroll College, in Waukesha. lie then returned home, and until he had attained the age of twenty -one years' assisted his fatiicr operate the home farm. At the age of majority he commenced in life for himself, an JOHN M. SPICER. The .subject of the pres- ^ ent article, president of the Wiilmar & Sioux Falls Railway, is one of the most prom- inent men in Central Minnesota. No man has done more than has he to aid in the growth and development of the State, and woxw have been more prominently identified with the history of its progress. A man of large ideas, intelligent, enterprising and lib- PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 597 eral, he has been foremost in every project to advance the interests of the State and countv of his home. Mr. Spicer was born in Chambersbnrg, Pennsylvania, December 9, IS-il, and is a son of John and ]\rary (Maguire") Spicer, who wore natives of Switzerhmd and Washington, District of Cohimbia, respectively. The father was broiiglit to America by his par- ents when he was an infant, and they settled at Cliambersbui'g, Pennsylvania, where he grew to manhood, and subsequently en- gaged in tiie mercantile business. In 1852 lie came West with his family and located at Polo, Illinois, where he lived a practically retired life until his death, which occurred in 1-867. The mother died in 1886. The parents had a family of nine children, eight of whom are still living. John M. Spicer, whose name heads our pi'esent article, grew to manhood and received his education in Illinois. In 1860 lie went to St. Paul, Minnesota, whei'e for ten years lie was employed at clerking. At the e.^cpiration of that time he went to Belle Plaine, Scott countv, Minnesota, where he engaged in the mercantile busi- ness antl remained two years. In 1871 he removed to Willmar, Kandiyohi county, ^Minnesota, which place has since been his iiome. He has been engaged in the mercantile and banking business, and in fact nearly all important lines of mercantile busi- ness, as well as every important project, have felt the influence of his energy, perseverance and enterprise. He has prominently identi- fi(Ml himself with county and State matters, purciiasing a vast amount of property, including interests in St. Paul, ilinneapolis, Siou.x Falls and other cities and towns. He erected the bank Ijuilding on the corner of Fifth street and Pacific avenue; a brick store building on Si.xtli and Pacific avenue, as well as the brick block where he has his office in AVillraar. His residence on Nelson avenue is one of the .finest in the cit}', and the grounds, which include some six acres, are beautifiedby shade and ornamental trees. He has at all times been closely identified with real estate matters, and has probably done more to aid in the settlement and development of Kandiyohi count}' than any other man. Mr. Spicer was the originator of the St. Cloud & Willmar Eailroad, and the pre- liminary work as to its organization and con- struction fell upon him. lie served as its president for some time. He was also the founder of the Willmar and Sioux Falls Hail way, and has been president of that corporation ever since its organiza- tion. He was also the founder and is the president of the Willmar & Sioux Falls Townsite Compan}'. The capital stock of this corporation is $150,000, all of which is paid in. They own town sites all the way from Willmar to Sioux Falls, including val- uable quarries and other- important plants. It may be of interest to state that one of these towns was named after Mr. Spicer. It is locatetl on the banks of Green lake, on the line of the St. Cloud it Willmar Eailway. In political matters Mr. Sjiicer is a demo- crat and one of the most prominent mem- bers of that party in the State. He was a delegate from Minnesota to the National Convention at. Chicago in 188i, and also to the St. Louis Convention in 1888. He has always taken an active interest in local and educational affairs, and has served as presi- dent of the city council, president of the board of education, etc. He is an honored member of the Masonic fraternity. Ml'. Spicer is a self-made man in every sense of the word. His j)ossessions, which are estimated at from $300,000 to $400,000, are all the results of his own efforts, as he began life a poor boy. He is a man of iron determination and he recognizes no such sgS KED KIVEK VALLE Y AND thin<^ as defeat when once he undertakes an enterprise. The successful consuuiinationof the gigantic projects wiiich he has inaugu- rated demonstrate the cliaractei-istics of the man. We would have been pleased to have given a detailed account of the building and organization of the railroads witli which he has been so intimateh' associated, but as he is a man who is loth to talk of his own undertakings, the writer has been confined almost wliolly to those facts which are ]nib- lic knowledge. Mr. Spicer was married in 1869 to Miss Francis Deming, and they are the parents of seven children — Agnes, Amy M., Mason W., Russell P., Jessie L, Ruth and Raymond. The tliree oklest have been attending St. Mar\''s Hall and Shattuck School, Episcopal institutions at Faribault, for the past three veai's. •S€5^"»- _^ 'RANCIS A. HART, the efficient deputy W^ sheriff of Pembina county. North Dakota, and jailer Pembina, is one of the best known officers in that locality. He is a native of the Dominion of Canada, born in Williamstown on the 12th day of May, 1854, and is the son of Andrew and Amelia (Obi- champ) Hart, natives of Ireland and Canada, respectively. The father died when our subject was a small child, leaving him to look for his living as best he could. He remained at home until he was twelve years old, when he engaged at work out amon"- the farmers, working in the summers and attending school in the winters. When he was abont seventeen, he learned the steam engineering trade, and for a number of years followed that vocation on the St. John's river. In 1806 his father tried to have him learn the blacksmith's trade, but the coal gas was too severe on the lungs and he was compelled to abandon it. In 1874 he went to North Lake Superior, and worked around in the woods on a surveying party, for the Canadian Government, and in tiie following spring went to Winnipeg, but only I'cmainod a short time, then removing to Whiteside county, Illinois, where he herded stock for some time and then paid a visit to his native land. After remaining all winter he engaged in engineering- again, and in the following: winters worked in a saw-mill. In the spring of 1876 Mr. Hart went to Port Arthur and ran a locomotive for the Canadian Pacific Railroad Company, until fall. He then returned to Illinois and secured work on a farm, and in 1877 went to St. I'aul, Minne- sota, and secured work on a railroad fi-om Pi'eckenridge to Glyndon, until October. He then built nine Hat boats, loaded tiiem with merchandise, and started down the Red river for Winnipeg. When they got below Grand Forks they would load their freight on four boats, and on the others place lumber. In this manner they got the lumber, of whicli the boats were budt, free of duty to Win- nipeg. The}' made several such trips, anil in 1878 he secured a position in a hardware store in Winnipeg, with J. H. Ashdown (fc Co., with whom he i-emained until 1882. He then moved onto his farm, nine miles southwest of Pembina, North Dakota, where he remained, engaged in an e.xtensive farming and stock-raising business, until January, 1887. He then nu)ved into tlie village of Pembina, having been ajjpointed deputy sheriff and jailor, and has since remained there, actively engaged in his official iluti(!s. He has been assessor foi' two years, and when on the other side of the boundary line was constable. Mr. Hart was married May 29, 1879, to Miss Sarah Jane Henderson, the daughter of William and Sarah Henderson. This union has been blessed with the following-named children — William, Alexander, Harry and May. Our subject, is a meinber of tlie PARK /CEG/OA'S OF MINNESO TA. 599 M.asonic fraternity, Bathgate Lodge No. 80, A. F. & A. ]\r., and of the Independent Order of Odd-Felh)\vs, Gateway City Lodge No. 4. In political matters he is an adherent to the principles of tlie democratic party, and is one of the representative citizens of the place. A man of integrity and honor, highly esteemed bv all who know him. «»► (^HERMAN GARDNER. Prominent ■^^^ among the many " l)ra\'e bo\?s in blue " wlio found liomes in tiie fertile regions of Northern Minnesota and the Ked River Valley, is the gentleman whose name heads tiiis article, a resident of the southwest quar- ter of section 8, township 134:, range 3.5, Wadena county, Minnesota. He is a native of the State of New York, born in Jefferson county, on the 20th day of May, 1843, and is tlie son of Teleg and Julia Gardner, natives of Jeffei'son county, New York. Mr. Gardner, of whom the present article treats, remained in his native iiome until he had attained majority. During his younger days he attended the common schools in his native State, and in the spring of 1801 he enlisted in Comjiany A, Thirt^^-fifth New York Infantry, and was mustered in on the 14th day of ' October, 1861. That fall the regiment was ordered to Arlington Heights, where they remained during the winter of 1861-G2. In the spring of 1862 Mr. Gardner participated in the Second Battle of Bull Run, and was in active service ail that summer. lie was in the battles of Antietam and South Mountain, in which he was slightly wounded. He served through Virginia and was at Fredericksburg. On the 5th of .lime, 1863, he received an honorable dis- charge and then returned to Jefferson county, New York, where he remained until 1872. In 1872 be left his native State and migrated, with his brother, to the new Northwest. Upon reaching Minnesota they took the railroad as far as St. Cloud, where the\' remaineil a day or two looking over land in that section of the country. While there they met an old friend from New York State, who advised them to settle in Wadena. Accordingly they went overland to Wadena county, Minnesota, and there found but few settlers, several oul " lean to's " in the village, and that was all. After looking over the country they decided to settle, and the subject took a tract of land on section 8, where he has since remained. He is carry- ing on successfully a general farming and stock-raising business, and is one of the sub- stantial agriculturists in the township. Mr. Gardner, the subject of this biograph- ical article, was united in marriage on the 26th day of March, 1873. to Miss Sarah Allen, a native of the same county as our suliiect. Mr. and Mrs. Gardner have l)een blessed with five children, named as follows — Julia Etta Gardner, Benjamin Gardner, Ida Gardner, Mora May Gardner and Luanna Gardner. Mr. Gardner is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, Post No. 101. He is actively interested in all local move- ments, and is higldy esteemed by all who know him. .^.. ILLIAM BECKER, the proprietor of ^«M. the pop factory in the village of Wadena, Wadeiui county, Minnesota, is one of the successful and esteemed business men of that region. He is a native of Germany, born in the Province of Hessen, on the 24th day of August, 1848, and is the .son of Jacob and Katreina Becker, also natives of that kingdom. The. father and mother of our subject remained in their native land all their lives, and the father of our subject was engaged at the carpenter's trade in that land. They were the parents of the follow- 6oo KED A-/VEA- VALLEY AND ingiiaiiicd children — "William Becker, John Becker and Martin Becker. Mr. Becker, the subject of this biograph- ical article, I'emained in his native land until he was fourteen years of age. During that time he had attended the excellent common schools of that country, early instilling into his mind the principles of integrity, honor and frugality, which so distinguish the nationality from which he sjn-ings. At the age of fourteen years he commenced in life for himself b\' learning the skate maker's trade in llemscheid, Reinland, Westfahlen, kingdom of Prussia, and after completing liis apprenticeship he worked at his trade in Bemscheid for eleven years. In 1874 he emi- grated to the United States, and after a voy- age of eleven days landed at New York. He at once removed to Minnesota and located at Red "Wing, wiiere lie secured woi'k in a carriage-uuiking establishment, and after being employed at that vocation for the win- ter he went to Chicago, Illinois. He remained there some little time and then removed to Pekin, Illinois, where he gained a position in a plow factor}', and worked there for about two years. He then went to Rock Island, Illinois, and after working for some time in a plow factory there, returned to Red "Wing, Minnesota. In 1879 he removed to "Wadena, "Wadena county, Minnesota, and was employed with his brother John in the mercantile and litpior business. They remained in the business for three months and then removed to Minne- apolis, Minnesota, where our subject was in the emplo\' of the Harvester AVorks for three years. At the expiration of that time he returned to "Wadena, "Wadena county, Minnesota, M'here he was in business with his brother until October, 18S<). Our sub- ject then l)ought the bottling works at Detroit and moved them to the village of "Wadena, where he has since carried on the business. It is the onlv establishnu'Ut of the kind between Brainerd and Fergus Falls, and it commands all tlie trade of the regions in which it is located. He has a good local trade in addition to the heavy shi])ments anil is doing an active business. Mr. Becker, of whom tiiis ai-ticle treats, was united in marriage on the 31st of December, 1881, to Miss Mar\' Kalluskv, who was l)Oi-n in the kingdom of Germany, near Berlin, ilr. I'ecker is an in .««: |OHN E. OSTROM, who is engaged in the real estate, loan and insurance business in tlie village of AVari'en, Marshall county, Minnesota, is a native of the kingdom of Sweden. He was born in Kolback parish, Westmanland, Sweden, on the 31st day of •luly, 1S.JS, and is the son of John and Maria (Johnson) Ostrom, also natives of the kingdom of Sweden. The father of our sub- ject was a prosperous farmer in the Old World. The father and mother of the pres- ent subject were the parents of the following named-children — Catharina Carolina, John E., Anders Gustaf, Sophia Maximiiiana, Per August, Ida Josephinaand Amalia Charlotta. Jlr. Ostrom, the subject of this l^iograph- ical memoir, remaineil in his native land* until lie had attained the age of twenty-one years. During that time he attended the e-xcellent common schools of his birthplace and also assisted his father operate the home farm. In 1S79 he emigrated to tlie United States, and after a voyage of twenty days landed in New York. Tie at once removed to the State of Illinois, where he settled in j Henry county, and engaged in farming ' among the neighboring farmers. After ] working at various occupations in different places in Illinois, for one year and a half, our subject went to Michigan, where he .secured work in the mines. On the 25th of June, 1 SSI, he removed to ^Minnesota and settled in Marshall county. He tiled on a homestead on section 18, township 15-1, range 48, and after remaining upon the farm for some time sold out, and in 1883 settled in "Warren, Marshall county , Minnesota, where he clerked in a store for three months. He then secured the position of assistant postmaster and worked in that capacity for three years. At the expiration of that time he engaged in his present business, real estate, insurance, loans, etc. He is doing an active business. He owns over 1,000 acres of farming lands and is one of tiie prominent business men of the village. Mr. Ostrom was united in marriage on the 7th day of May, 1887, to Miss Matilda Lund- gren, and this union has been blessed with one child — Arthur William. Mrs. Ostrom is a native of Sweden, and the daughter of Swan Lundgren. The subject of this sketch is an adherent to the principles of the demo- cratic party and is actively interested in all local matters. He is a man of the strictest honor and integrity and bears the esteem of all who know him. 13)OBERT BROOKE BLAKEMORE, real Jj-i^, estate dealer, loans and general col- lections, of Fargo, although quite a young man, is one of the prominent, public-spirited and enterprising business men of that city. He is the only son of George B. and Clara A. (Gist) Blakemore. His father, the oldest son of Thomas and Betsy (Brooke) Blake- more, was born in Clarke county, A^irginia, and passed his youth with his rekitions in the Old Dominion, and subsequently was I'oi' many years engaged in mercantile ])ursuits in the city of Baltimore, Maryland, where he met his wife. Soon after their marriage thev removed to Kentucky, first settling at Oak Grove, in Christian county, and soon after- ward removed to Ho]ikinsville, the county seat, where Mr. Blakemore prosperouslv engaged in the dry-goods business untd 1861, when he laid aside his ledger and al)andoned PARK REGIONS OF MINXESOTA. 603 liis business to take up bis sword as a repre- sentative of his country in a vain strug<^le for independence, leaving his wife with the family of James M. Glass, in Hopkins- ville, at whose house the subject of this sketch, Robert Brooke, was born on the 14th of September, 1866. His father at the close of the war in 1865 eno-ag'ed in business in New Orleans, establishing the commercial house of Elakeraore, Wooklridge & Co., of which he was the senior partner, and which under his leadership commanded such a high commercial standing until his death from yellow fever, on the 10th of June, 1868. Robert's mother had remained at Mr. Glass', where slie died two years later, leav- ing Robert an orphan at four j'ears, with her friend and companion of thirteen years, Mrs. James M. Glass, to whose kind and motherly hands he owes his bringing up. He attended private school in Ilopkinsville until the age of eleven, and then entered the military school of Major Ferril at that place, where he remained until thirteen years old, when he was taken to live with his mother's sister, then Mrs. John E. Stewart, who lived in Anne Arundel county, Maryland. He entered St. John's College, at Anna]iolis, where he remained four years, and after |)assing his Sophomore 3'ear decided to earn his livelihood in the West, consequently he started direct to Fargo, where he arrived July 14, 1883, and soon entered the leading liardware house of Judd & Ward in this city, with the position of cashier. 'In the winter of the same year he returned to Maryland to pursue a course of study in ISryant ife Stratton's Business College at IJaltimore. Upon receiving his diploma at this institution at the end of six months, he immediately returned to Fargo, entering the employ of E. H. Dickson, attorney, loans and collections, with whom he remained until the fall of 1887, when he returned to Annapolis, Maryland, to be married Feb- ruary 13, 1888, to Miss Clara Cornelia Ta^^lor, daughter of George M., Jr., and Alice (Irving) Taylor, natives of Maryland. Mr. Blakemore returned to Fargo with his wife, where they have a beautiful home. Mr. Blakemore, as successor to Mr. E. 11. Dickson, who removed to Texas, has estab- lished a business of which he may well feel proud, being connected with some of the largest corporations in both the United States and Europe, and annually collects and loans for them many thousands of dollars. He is a firm advocate and believer in the future greatness and prosperity of INorth Dakota, and is always identified with an\' public-spirited enterprise as one of its leaders, and may be counted upon to become one of her leading men at a not far future. Mr. Blakemore. although identified on the side of democracy, is not so biased as to overlook the interests of his local govern- ment, and is democratic in the broadest sense of the term, and an unflinching fol- lower in his opinions of right and justice. He is a member of the Episcojjal church, and a faithful member, as is also his wife, •who is a most beloved and estimable lady — being both domestic and sociable, she is eagerly sought in the society of Fargo. — <►► ^^WAN P. THORNQUIST, a prominent "^^J and respected business man of the vil- lage of Long Prairie, Todd county, Minnesota, is a native of the kingdom of Sweden. He was born near Soderham, on the 12th day of June, 1843, and is the son of Peter and Greta S. (Hammarlund) Olson, also natives of Swe- den. The father of the present subject was born in 1816 and the mother in 1822. The father emigrated to the United States in 1865, and located in Watertown, (^arver county, Minnesota, where he engaged in farming. He is now living in Tacoma, Washington Terri- 604 KED KiVER V ALLEY AND \ toiy, where he removed in 1888. The father and mother of our subject are the pai'cnts of the following-named chiklren — Swan P., the subject of this biograpiiical article; Anna,now the wife of Joiui J.ind, of Chicago, Illinois ; Erick, who is engaged in general farming opci'ations in the townsliip of Little Sauk, Todd county, Minnesota ; Hertha, wlio mar- ried N. G. Peterson, of Minneapolis, Min- nesota; Carrie, now INfi's. Andrew Brink, of Taconia, Washington Territory; and John, who married Miss Emma Olson, and is en- tratred in the drv-soods business in St. Paub Minnesota. Mr. Thorncjuist, the subject of thisinemoir, remained at home in his native land, attend- ing the excellent common schools of that country until he had attained the age of sixteen years. During that period in life be had assisted his father operate the home farm, and at the time mentioned he started in life for himself. He went to the city of Soderhaui, Sweden, where he learned the tailor's trade, and when he had attained the age of twenty-one years he emigrated to the United States. After a voyage of thirteen da^'s he landed in New York City, and at once went to Watertown,°Carver county, Minnesota, where he worked out on a farm until the fall of ISGi. He then removed to the city of Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he engaged in his trade for six years. He then removed to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he followed the tailor's trade for one year- At the expiration of the twelve months he removed to Watertown, Carver county, Minnesota, and purchased fifty-five acres of land and engaged in farming. Ixv 1872 he sold his farm and removed to Todd county, Minnesota, and homesteadeil 100 acres of land on section 2, Little Sauk township. After living on his farm, engaged in general farming and stock-raising operations, four- teen years, until October 1, 1886. Mr. Thorn- quist removed to the village of Long Prairie, Todd county, Minnesota, where he has since remained, engaged in the sewing-machine business. He handles a full line of the Davis sewing machines, and is doing a large and increasing business. Mr. Thoi'nquist was united in marriage on the 25th day of June, 1867, to Miss Betsie Peterson, and this union was blessed with two children^Emma, who married W. W. Chandler, of Long Prairie; and Ceorge, who died at the age of six yeai's. Mi-s. Thornquist passed away from the scenes of earth to her final reward on the 12th day of April, 1870. The subject of this article was united in mar- riage the second time to Miss Christina Peterson, July 15, 1870, and they have been blessed with the following named children — Amanda, Erick (who died at the age of two years and three months, and is buried in the Lutheran cemetery at Little Sauk), Carrie, Bertha, Leonard and Swan Clinton. Mr. Thornquist and his family belongs to the Lutheran chui'ch. He has always been a republican in politics until 1SS8, when he classilied himself with the interests of the democratic party. He is a nieml)er of the Masonic fraternity, and one of the rejiresent- ative citizens of the village of Long J'rairie. ►^^ J^REDRICK KRUEGER, the popular pro- JE^ prietor of the Northwestern Hotel, and livery and feed stables in the village of Red Lake Falls, Polk county, Minnesota, is a native of Germany.' He was born in that kingdom on the 1st day of July, 1840, and is the son of John and Keaka (Lawrence) Krue- ger, also natives of German^^ In 1853 the father and mother of our subject emigrated to the Ignited States and settled in Wiscon- sin, where they have since remained. ^Ir. Krueger, the sultject of this biograph- ical memoir, remained in his native land until he was thirteen vears old. when he emi- PAJiK JaiG/OXS OF M/XNESO TA. 605 grated with his parents to the United States. He at once removed to Wisconsin, where he settled in Manitowoc county with his parents, lie remained at liome, attending school and helping on the home farm until he was twenty-one. He then commenced in life for himself, by working in the pineries. After working at this employment for six years he returned home and bought a farm. He erected buildings and commenced to improve the farm. He renuiined there, engaged in general farming- and stock-raising for fifteen years. In 1882 he sold out and went to Minnesota, where he settled at Red Lake Falls, Polk county. He put up a large hotel building in Kretzshmar's addition and con- tinued to operate the hotel until the spring of 1888. He then removed his buildings to Holme's railroad addition, where he has since remained. He runs a first-class house, and commands a good share of the patronage of the traveling public. He is highly esteemed both as a citizen and business man. Mr. Krueger was united in marriage in Manitowoc county, Wisconsin, on the 5th day of January, 1869, to Miss Augusta Krousa, a native of Germany, -and the daughter of Frederick and Augusta Krousa, also natives of Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Krueger have been blessed with the follow- ing-named children — Herman, Clara, Edith, August, William, Albert, Charles and Elvina, all of whom are living and at home. Mr. Krueger and his family belong to the Lutheran church. He has held the offices of school director, a member of the village council, etc., and is an active participant in all local movements. JTOHN P. SELBY, a prominent attorney of Hdlsboro, North Dakota, whore he is engaged in an extensive law practice, is a native of the State of Pennsylvania. He was born in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, on the 24th day of December, 1849, and is the son of John F. and Jane (Rogers) Selby, natives of Ohio. In 1855 the family removed to Ilayfield, Crawford count}', Pennsylvania, where the mother died in 1882. The father was a soldier in an Ohio regiment, and died in the army hospital at Chattanooga, Ten- nesee. Thej' were the parents of the follow- ing-named children — William A., Mary L., Eva P. and John F. John F. Selby, the subject of this article, attended the common schools and the normal school at Edinborough, Pennsylvania, until he was about twentv 3'ears old. During that time, and after his father's death, he had helped support the famil}', and in 1SG5. after his brother William had returned froni the army, they engaged in the oil business in Venango and Clarion counties, Penns}!- vania, until 1874, when they both registei'ed as students at law under C. W. GillfiUan, their immediate preceptor being R. G. Lam- berton, of Fi'anklin, A'enango county. They were admitted to the bar on the 12th day of May, 1876, and then removed to Edenburg, Clarion county, Pennsylvania, where they were engaged in their profession until March, 1880. William then removed West and set- tled in Traill county, Dakota, locating at Caledonia. Our subject remained in Penn- sylvania until the 1st of April, 1881, when he removed to Hillsboro, North Dakota, where he opened an office for the practice of his profession, and has since remained. He is one of the leading attorneys, and his practice is rapidly increasing. In November, 1884, he was elected county attorney, ami previous to that had been attorney for the board of county commissioners. He has been admitted before the supreme court of Pennsylvania and also of Dakota Teri'itory, and is one of the most prominent and highly esteemed lawj^ers in the county. Mr. Selby was united in marriage on the rith day of August, 1875, in Franklin, Pcnn- 6o6 KED A-/f/:R VAI.I.FY AXD sykania, to Miss J[artha J. McCaughtry, the daughter of Jolin and Catharine (Grove) McCaiigiitry, natives of IMercer county, Pennsylvania. Mr. and ilrs. Selby have been blessed with one child — Mary L., born in Emlenton, Venango county, Pennsyl- vania. Our subject is a member of the Masonic fratei-nity, Hillsboro Lodge, No. 32, A. F. and A. M., and also belongs to the Royal. Arch Chapter in Grand Forks, lie is a hard student, a safe counsel and an able adv(jcate. APT. WILLIAM C. ROBERTS. The ■ subject of this iMogrnphical sketch is en- yao'ed in the meat-market business in the vil- lage of Detroit, Becker county, Min nesota. He is a native of Massachusetts, boni in the city of Boston, on the 12th day of May, JS35, and is the son of William and Paith (Bowker) Tloberts, natives of Massacliusetts. The father was engaged in farming in active life, and in his younger days worked at the boot and shoemaker's trade. He is now living in Weston, Massachusetts. The mother died in 1840. They were the parents of two children— Harriet and William. The ances- try of our subject were of English descent. Ca|)tain Uoljerts, of whom this article treats, received his education in Boston, where he attended school until he was sixteen years of age. After comjileting his education, he engaged in the provision and fruit Imsiness in Boston and Cambridge, until the outbreak of the Civil War. In 1802 he enlisted in the Forty-fourth Massachusetts Infantry, and after serving nine months as a private was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant, for bravery at the Battle of Bawles IVIills, North Carolina. He was assigned to the Fifty-lifth Massachusetts Colored Infantry, and remained in that regiment from 18G3 until Sejitember 18C5. He was promoted to lirst lieutenant in June, 1804, and later to the rank of captain, and at the close of the w'ar was presented with a l)revet commission by the President, lie participated in the fol- lowing battles — Siege of Little Wasiiington, Kingston, White Hall, Goldsborro, James Island, Olustee, North Carolina; besides Hone}' Hill and many skirmishes. The Fifty-fifth was the lirst regiment to enter Charleston at the evacuation. In front of Charleston, on Fally Island he received a sunstroke and contracted malarial fever. At that time he was on the staff of General Alfred S. Hartwell. He was detached from his regiment and sent to Branchville, South Carolina, with his company in June, 1805, where he had charge of the contracts between the planters and negroes. He was mustered out with his regiment in September, 1865. at Charleston, South Carolina. The same fall he returned to Boston, Massachusetts, and engaged in the meat and provision business, running three stores in the city. He remained there in business until 1871, and during that time was a member of the Boston City Govern- ment. He was connected with live different military organizations in the city and was one of the committee on building the army and navy monument on Boston common. He was also agent and treasurer for the New ICngland Emigiution Society and was active in all local movements. In 1871 he removed witii a colony of soldiers to ]\[innes(jta and settled in Becker county, Minnesota, where they took claims. Captain Hoberts took a farm of 100 acres, to which he has since added 160 acres. He erected the first hotel in the village of Detroit, known as the New England House, afterward known as the American House, which he operated until 1887. He laid out the original town ()lat, and in the fall of 1871 located the Northern Pacific Railroad depot. In 1887 he opened his present ineat market and has since been engajjed in that business. PARK' REGlOh'S OF MINNESOTA. 607 Captain Roberts was married on the 7th (lay of ilay, 186G, to Miss Mary F. Bowker, and this union has been blessed with the fol- lowino-.named children — "Willie Montgomerv (deceased), Harriet Enmiu, Euth Mabel, Alice Cary, Daisy Burnside, May Lucretia, Harry Wheelwright, Lillian Louise (de- ceased), Grace Hartwell, Florence Mildred (deceased), Eva Maud, Geneveive, Lin- coln, C)live SafFord and Allen Loriniei'. Captain Roberts is a republican in political matters. He and his family belong to the Baptist ciiureli. He is a man of the strictest integrity and is highly esteemed by all who know iiim. He is a prominent iiiember of the Grand Army of the Republic and is the present commander of the Park Regions Encampment Association. He made applica- tion for arrears of pension in 1880, but it has not I'eached a settlement as vet. J©ERT H. PETTIT, who is engaged in tiie JMi' grain business for the Northern Pacific Elevator Company, is a resident of the village of Vernilale, Wadena county, Minnesota. He is a native of tiie State of Iowa, born in Charles City on the 8th ilay of March, 1858, and is the son of Henry and Jane (Kellogg) Pettit, natives of Ohio. The father of our subject removed from Indiana to Iowa in 185.5, and engaged in the boot and shoe busi- ness and farming. The father and mother of Hertare the parents of the following-named children— A. K Pettit, J. C. F. Pettit, A. R. Pettit, AYm. Pettit, D. J. Pettit, W. M. Pet- tit, McH. Pettit and B. H. Pettit. Mr. Pettit, the subject of tiiis biographical article, received liis education in Ciiarles City, Iowa, wliere he attended school until lie iuid attained the age of eighteen years. In 187G he removed with his parents to Osage, Iowa, where his father and brother, A. N. Pettit, went into tiie mercantile busi- ness. They remained there for four years, and in 1880 our subject, in compau}^ with his father antl Ijrother, removed to Wadena county, Minnesota. Our subject, with his father and brother, opened a general mer- chandising store in the fall of 1882. AVhen the Northern Pacific Elevator Company put up an elevator, Mr. Pettit, of wliom this sketch treats, commenced buying wheat for them. He lias since been in their emplov, and is well and favorably known throughout the farming class in the county. In addition to his wheat business, Mr. Pettit is the owner of considerable real estate in the village, Pettit's addition being owned by him. He also owns a fine farm of 100 acres near the village and two commodious residences in the village. Mr. Pettit was married in Osage, Iowa, on the 22d day of September, 1880, to Miss Blanch Brown, of Osage. Mr. Pettit is a mem- ber of the Independent Order of Odd-Fellows, Yerndale Lodge, No. 12-1. In jiolitical mat- ters he affihates with the re[)ul)lican jiarty. He is a representative citizen of the village, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. He has always taken an active inter- est in all matters of a local nature, and is at present a member of the village council. —«<-*; «4k^ /5'a\LAF A. HOLTHER is the present clerk >Si3' of the district court of Kittson county, Minnesota. He was born in Christiania, Norway, December 20, 1858. Mr. Holther's parents were Martin A. and Mathea J. Holther, both of whom were natives of Norway. In 1870 the parents came to the United States and located in Minneapolis, where the father became a rail- road contractor. They remained in Minne- apolis until 1881. They are still living. The subject of our sketch rem-aineil at liome with his parents until he was fourteen 6o8 RED KIVER VALLE Y AND years of ag-e, when he went southward into the State of Iowa, with the purpose of attend- in"- Liitlier Colleo-e at Decorali. He remained in tliat institution for four years, then return- ino- to Minneapolis remained with his ])arents about two years. He then went to Stephen, Marshall county, where he remained a short time, thence removing to Hallock in the year 1880. He was variously em[)loyed after com- ing to Hallock until 1886 — wasin tiie employ of Peter Daly for three months, then in the employ of C. J. McCoUom in his general niei'chandise and drug store. In the fall of 1886 he removed to Fargo, and remained throuo-h the winter witii a relative who lived in that city. In March, 1887, he returned to Minneapolis, and on Api'il 20th was united in marriage to Mrs. Josephine Hanscombe, the widow of O. JIanscombe, and the daughter of Albrecht Rasch, of Christiania, Norway. Mr. and Mrs. Ilolther have been blessed with one child — Carl Oscar Albrecht, who was born in Hallock. April 6. 1888. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Ilolther started on a bridal trip to Norway, and while gone visited Glasgow and Edinlnirgh, Scot- land, and other places of note and of interest to tourists. Their toui' was quite extensive, and they returned to Minneapolis in Septem- ber the same year. Remaining in Minneap- olis but a short time, they then went to Hal- lock. where Mr. Ilolter engaged in clerking for McCdIlom it SulTel, with whom he con- tinued until January 1, 1889. On that date he took charge of his present position, having been elected cloi-k of the district court, on the ])eople's ticket in November. 1888. Mr. Holther [has also been town clerk for some years in the village of Hallock. Both him- self and wife are leading members of the Norwegian Lutheran church. Mr. Holther is an efficient and obliging county officer, and is well qualitieil for the duties of his repsonsilde position. He is a careful and painstaking business man and administers the duties of his oIKce with the utmost pre- cision and dis])atch; givinge.xcellent satisfac tion to all. %• < >' — OUIS HENRY, a ])ros]ierous farmer of Little Sauk township, Todd county, is a resident of section 23, and is engageii in clerking in the village of Little Sauk. He is a native of Fi-ance, born in the eastern part of thatcountry on the 21st day of September, 1834, and is the son of Joseph and Magrette (Roch) Henry, natives also of France. • The father was engaged in the oil business, and died in 1852. The mother diehn, William and David, all of wliom are living, except Catharine, Peter and Mary. Mr. Keenan, the subject of this biogra- phy, lived on the home farm with his parents and attended school until he was fom-teen years of age. At that period in life he started out for himself, and until he was twenty-one he worked out among the farmers and in a saw-mill, and in the pineries. He made his home with his parents, and on the llth of August, 1862, he enlisted in Com- pany G, Twentieth Wisconsin Infantry, and served until September, 1865, when he was honorably discharged. He ])articipated in the following battles — Prairie Grove, Vicks- burg, Yazoo Oity, Port Hudson, Atchathala Piver and with Bank's expedition in Texas. The company to which our subject belonged left Grant at New Orleans and joined Banks. LTnder him they participated in a severe engagement while at Brownsville, Texas, and then our subject was detailed as provost guartl, and they captured Fort Morgan, Ala- bama. At Mobile he Avas taken sick and was confined to the hospitals at Fort Gains and New Orleans for two months. He then secured a sick furlough and returned to Roch- ester, Minnesota, and at the expiration of his furlough had it extended. At the expiration of the extended time, he repr>rted at Madison, where he had it renewed, and returned to Rochester, Minnesota. In September he again went to Madison, Wisconsin, where lie was honorably discharged. After his dis- charge he returned to Rochester and for one year was employed as bartender. Until 1882 he was otherwise employed in threshing and farming, in Olmsted and Fillmore counties, Minnesota, residing in Wykoflf, Fillmore county, Minnesota. While in Fillmore county he held the office of assessor two years. In 1882 he removed to A rgyle, Mar- shall county, Minnesota, where he rented a farm and also homesteaded 160 acres on section 8, Blooms township, where he lived for about two years engaged in general farming. In November, 1886, he sold his farm and removed to the village of Warren, Marshall county, Minnesota, and until A])ril. 6io RED RIVER r.llLEY AND 18S8, was engaged in various occupations. On the 14tii of April, 1888, he took charge of the Lj'on House, which he has since con- tinued to operate. He lias a good class of patronage and runs a good house. He is l)o]nilai' and esteemed liotli as a landlord and a citizen by all with whom he has dealings, and lie takes a great interest in the cause of temperanc'c. Mr. Kecnian was niari'ied June '.», 1867, to Mrs. Lottie (Howard) Lew^s, the widow of Janes Lewis, by whom she had one child — Charles. Mr. and Mrs. Keenan have been blessed with the following-named children- — William Howard, Lottie, Lettie, Luttie and Nellie. IMr. Keenan held the office of con- stable while in Olmsted county, and has always taken an active interest in public affairs. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and is a republican in pol- itics. He is actively interested in all local movements, and all home enterprises receive his hearty sui)port. BRITTS, jiroprietor of the Vern- dale Flour Mills, is one of the earliest settlers of Wadena county, Minnesota. He was born in Botetourt count\% Virginia, on the 27th of June, 1832. When he was three or four years of age his parents settled in Indiana, and in 1848 they removed, by team, to Madison, Wisconsin. At that time there was not a mile of railroad west of Chicago. Our subject remained with bis parents until he was twenty-one years of age, when he started in life for himself. He rented a Hour mill at Moscow, Wisconsin, and was thei'e engaged in milting for a few years. He then built a mill at Primrose, Dane county, Wis- consin, which he ran for two \'ears. In 18C0 he removed to Dodge county, Minnesota, and erected a flour mill, which he operated for three or four years. At the expiration of that time he sold out and bought a flour and saw-mill at Money Creek, Houston county, Minnesota. He refitted and im- proved the ])roperty, and remained there a few years. From this time until 187-1 he was ensa"ed in the Hour, saw-mill and mercan- tile business at various places in Southern Minnesota. In 187-1 he went to Osage, Iowa, and was there enoag-ed in runnin"' a flourini^ mill until 1880, when he decided to find a new country in which to devote his enei'- gies. In the spring of that year he decided upon his present location, a mile and a half from Verndale village, on Crow Wingriver^ where he has am]ile water power. During the summer of 1880 he erected his mill, and was ready for business the same fail. He put in five sets of buhrs, giving it a capacity of 125 barrels per day. It cost at the time 811,000, as " the country was new, and both lalior and material wei'e very high." In 1885 Mr. Britts remod- eletl the mill and changed to the roller system, so that it now contains ten sets of improved rollers and one set of buhrs, and has a capacity for seventj'-five barrels ]ier day. The mill does a very extensive busi- ness anil there is a local demand, including a heavy " lumber camp trade," for all they can manufacture. An alnindance of wheat is I'aised here, although during the first j'ear Mr. Britt could not get one third enough wheat to run, as the country was so new, but since that time there has been a large sur- plus. Mr. Britt owns a farm of eighty acres inside the village limits where he lives. He also has extensive projierty interests in Dulutli. He has taken a prominent and active jiart in all ])ublic moves, and during early times was one of the most active and earnest workers in securing emigration. Ever since the village was organized he lias been a member of the council, exce])t in the present year, and in 1887 was president of Park regions of Minnesota. 6il tliat body. lie lias also taken a prominent part in all moves to advance educational interests. Liberal and enterprising, every move calculated to l)enefit the village and sui'rounding country lias always received his aid and encouragement ; a man of the strictest integritvjie stands hiyh in the com- inunity, both as a business man and as an exemjilar}^ citizen. In political matters he is a prohibitionist, and in 1SS8 his friends placed him on the ticket for the legislature, although, as is well known, the district is overwhelm ingl}^ repuljliean. Our suiiject was mai-ried to Miss Rlioda L. Corbin, of Argyle, Wisconsin, in 1856. They have a family of seven children, as hjllows— Charles A., Mary A^., William H., (Uara A., Alice 0., Bruce F. and Fred T. liritts. -«-; BAVID McCAULEY, the present county superintendent of schools of Wilkin county, Minnesota, is one of the oldest settlers of the lied liiver Valley. He was i)orn on the 27th day of July, 1825, in Mer- rimack, Hillsborough county, New Hamp- shire. His parents were Daniel G. and Mary (Noyes) McCauley. His ancestors for several generations were natives of the Granite State. The father was a carpenter by trade but followed farming. The parents had a family of two girls and four bo\'S — Mrs. Mary A. Bennett and David, of McCau- leyville, Wilkin county, Minnesota, are the only ones now surviving. Our subject supplemented his study in JNashua, with a partial course in the Literary Institute of Hancock, Hillsborough county. New Hampshire. He left the institute before graduating, at the age of twenty. How- ever, during the years 1838 to 1841, inclus- ive, he had served an apprenticeship as a machinist. In 1846 Mr. McCauley went to Boston, where he remained about four years and then I'enioved to Manchester, New IIam})shire, where he kept a stationery store. In the fall of 1858 he came West, and, in accordance with the primitive mode of travel, staged it from LaCrosse, Wisconsin, to St. Paul. Here he found employment as distributing clerk in the postoffice. In July, 1861, he came to Fort Abercrombie, being appointed by Edwin M. Stanton, then secretary of war, post sutler, and postmaster at that fort. He was also the agent of the North- west Express Company. Transportation in thosedayswas by stage, which usualh' traveled with a militar}' escort up to as late as 1866. He was connected with the fort untill 1864. Then he crossed the Hed river to the Minne- sota side opposite the fort and engaged in mercantile business as well as farming. The village which now sprung up was named, in honor of hiin, McCauley ville. He purchased 666 acres of land on Indian script and took quit-claim deeds, but on account of defective title he lost the whole of it. He now has a farm of 160 acres, beside his residence in the village. In 1867 he built a saw-mill at a cost of $12,000. He cut over five million feet of lumber, which sold at $40 per thousand, and which found a market in Pembina, Totten and Garry. He would annually, on Govern- ment contract, furnish the fort with from 800 to 3,000 tons of hay. Mr. McCauley married for his first wife Miss Anna Trott, of Bath, Maine. On the 5th day of October, 1879, he was married the second time to Miss Carrie W. Whitman, of Boston, Massachusetts. She is a daughter of John N. and Milissa D.(Wolcott) Whitman. Her father was a native of New York, being born in Batavia, that State. His ancestors were Ilollaml Dutch, who emigrated to 6l2 XED RIVER VALLEY AND America in colonial times. He served his country as a soldier, enlisting in September, 1861, in Company D, Fourth Eegiment, Ver- mont Volunteers. He was discharged from the service on account of wounds received in the battle of Antietam. The mother. Milissa D. Wolcott, is a daugiiter of Emers(jn Wol- cott and his wife Hannah (Adams) Wolcott, a lineal descendent of John Adams. Mrs. McCauley's father came West permanently in 1874, and engaged in farming in the town of St. Olof, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. He and his family are now living at Thief Itiver Falls, Polk county, tliis State, where he is interested in stock-raising. Mr. and Mrs. McCauley are the parents of one child — Ethel Xoyes. Mr. McCauley has served his county as superintendent of schools for the last thirteen years, and was re-elected to that office again in the fall of 1888. He is also ])ostmaster at McCaule3'ville. And betook ]iart in organ- izing AVilkin county, as well as in organizing the town whicii l)ears iiis name. He has also held the usual (piota of town offices, and is one of the best-known men in theEed River Valley. -«" -^^ j^EORGE WASHBURN, the present effi- vl^ cient ))ostmaster of the village of Pelican liapids, Otter Tail count}', Minne- sota, is a native of the State of Vermont. He was born in Orleans county, Vermont, on the 15th day of March, 1838, and is the son of Louis T. and Harriett (Longley) Wash- bui'n, natives of JVIassachusetts and Vei'mont, respectively. The father of our subject was a soldier in the War of 1812, and in 1813 set- tled in Vermont, where he was a pi'ominent farmer and stock-raiser. The fatlier died in 1876 in New York State. The mother died in 1845. Mr. Washburn, the subject of this article, remained at home attending school until he was thirteen years old, when he removed to New York State, where he remained with his brother until the war broke out. He worked at the carpenter's and joiner's trade until the 10th of September, 1861, wnen he enlisted in Company E, Si.xteenth New York Infantry, and served until July 19, 1864, when he received an honorable dis- charge. He was wounded in the battle of Gettj'sburg, and from July until October was in the field hosj)ital. He was then removed to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he received his discharge. After being mustered out of the service, he returned to New York, and settled in Bangor, Franklin county. New York, where he was appointed postmaster and in connection run a grocery store. lie remained there until 1873, when he removed westward, and in September, 1873,' located in Otter Tail count}', Minnesota, where he took a homestead, and until 1883 was engaged in general agricultural operations. He then removed to the village of Pelican I{a[)ids, where he has since remained. He was appointed postmaster in 188'J, and has since held that position. He still retains the farm, which is under good cultivation and comprises 240 acres of fine land. He is one of the prominent men of the village, and is highl}' esteemed by all who know him. Mr. Washburn was united in mai'riage on the 1st day of January, 1868, to Miss Louisa Hoadley, and this union has been blessed with the four following-named children — Bernice L W., Bayard H. W., i\lamie and Daisy Washburn. Our subject and his fam- ily are exemplai-y membei's of the Congre- gational church. In political matters he affiliates with the republican party, and is actively interested in that party's campaigns. He is a public-spiritetl citizen, and any home enterprise always receives his hearty support and encouragement. PAkK REGICNS OF MINNESOTA. 613 /^HARLES LILYQUIST, of the firm of V^y Alili'in & Lilyquist, general merchants of the village of Kensington, Douglas county, Minnesota, is a native of the State of Illinois. He was born in Knox county, Illinois, on the 5th of September, 1857, and is the son of Nils anil Hannah Lilyquist, natives of Sweden. They emigrated to the United States and settled in Knox county, Illinois, in 1S54. In 1858 they removed to Minnesota, settling in Nicollet county, where the father took a homestead and remained until 1SG8. He tiien sold out and removed to Osh- awa township, Nicollet county, Minnesota, where he followed farming until 1876, then settling in St. Peter, Minnesota, where he remained until 1885. He then went to Win- throp, Sibley county, Minnesota, where he remained until the time of his death on March 14, 1887. Mr. Lilyquist, the subject of this sketch, received his education in Minnesota, where he had removed with his parents at the age of one year. He remained with his parents, assisting at home on the farm and attending school until 1880. He then removed toEvansville, Minnesota, where he secured a ])osition as clerk for the firm of A. Lilyquist & Co. After three years and a half he went to Pelican Eapids, Minne- sota, and after working in a store for two years he returned to Evansville and went into liusiness in partnership with his brother, under the firm name of Lilj^quist Brothers. In the summer of 1887 they closed up the l)usiness, and our subject removed to the vil- lage of Kensington, Douglas county, Minne- sota, and opened the general merchandise store he now runs. He has since been engaged in a general and increasing business and is carrying a stock of aliout §2,500. He is one of the most successful anil prominent merchants of the village, and has a liberal share of the general patronage of the town and vicinitv. Mr. Lilyquist was united in marriage on the 16th day of August, 1885, to Miss Emma Peterson, and this union has been blessed with one child — Luella. In political mattei'S Mr. Lilyquist is a stanch republican and is actively interested in the campaigns of that party. He is a capa- ble business man and an exemplary citizen, and is highh' esteemed by all who know him. ^^LZEAR G. MERCHANT, the present x^^ etficient and pojudar nuinager of the Lake Park Hotel, in the village of Lake Park, Becker county, Minnesota, is a native of Minnesota. He was born in Minnea])olis, Minnesota, on the 31st day of December, 1858, and is the son of Samuel and Adel (Begin) Merchant, natives of Canada. In Ids younger days the father of our subject followed the life of an engineer on the St. Lawrence I'iver, and in 1850 removed to Michigan, where he followed lumbering for four years. At the expu-ation of that time, in 1854, he removed to Stillwater, Minnesota, and from there to ]\rinnea[)()lis, Minnesota, where he settled on a farm al)Out nine miles from the city. He has since remained there, actively engaged in general farming opera- tions. He is a representative citizen of that locality and aftiliates with the republican part^'. The father and mother of our sub- ject were the parents of the following-named children — Virginia, Elzear, Joseph, Edward, Leah, Eleanor, Lewis, Mitchel, Mary, LiUie and Laura. Mr. Merchant, of whom this article treats, remained on the home farm, attending school, until he was twenty-one years old. Prior to this, however, he had spent two years in the pineries, and at the age of twenty -one he commenced in life for him- self, and for the first year was emjiloj^eil in the pineries as a wood sawyer. In 1881 he f)l4 RED RIVER VALLE V AND removed to Eecker county, IVfinnesota, where he secured work for Tliomas II. Ciinfield. After working eight months at farm work for Ills employer, our suhject liired out to his old emulo^'erfor nineteen months more. In A])rii, 1883, Mr. Merchant ))urchased a relinquish- ment of 114 acres, and made it a homestead. In Kovember, 18S3, our subject hii-ed out to IIenr\' Smith, the proprietor of the Lake Park Hotel. When IMr. Bunnell took charge of the hotel our subject was employed as clerk and lield that jjosition for eighteen months. Since the KUhof November, 1885, lie has been emplo^'ed by Mr. Canfield to operate the house. He is popular with the traveling public and bears the esteem of all who know him. The hotel is the only first- class house in the village, and its reputation is due to the untiring efforts of our subject to bring the hotel up the highest standard. Mr. Merchant was married on the lOth day of June, 1887, to Miss Emma Anderson, the daughter of Gustaf and Johanna (Lai'.son) Anderson, natives of Sweden. Our subject affihates with the democratic party, and is actively intei-ested in all public matters. He is a man of the strictest honor and integrity and bears the esteem of all who know him. /^^ VEN S. EVENSON is a member of the ^^^ firm of Sivertson & Evenson, dealers in general merchandise, located in the town of Underwood, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. This firm has a large trade, and is constantly athling to their business. Wv. Evenson was born in Norway, September 25, 1861, and was tlie son of Sivert and Kjirsti (I.odinson) Evenson. The parents were both natives of Norway, where they engaged principally in farming. The family came to America in l8iiT, landing at Quebec, whence they came to "Wisconsin, settling in Menomonie City, where they remained one year. They then removed to St. Croi.x county, Wisconsin, where the father and mother still live. Mr. Evenson spent his younger days beneath the jiarental roof. He helped his father on the farm, and attended the district school at times when farm work was not pressing. In 18S5 he left his home and removed to Underwood, Otter Tail ccninty. Minnesota, where he took charge of the store while his partner returned to Norway. This store was started by Messrs. Sivertson and Evenson in 1882, and up to 1885 was conducted mainly by the senior partner. December 8, 1888, Mr. Evenson was united in the holy bonds of [matriniony to Miss Anna Gunderson. In politics Mr. Evenson is an independent and supports no particular party, believing that the duty of the voter is to vote for the man best fitted for the office in dispute. In business Mr. Evenson has been eminently successful, and has built up a large trade by strict attention to business. By strict integ- rity and uprightness he has drawn to him a large circle of friends. The partnership carries about $3,000 worth of stock and do a very extensive business. -^f.- ^^- JACOB MARTIN HANSON. One of the most capable business men, as well as prominent citizens of St. Ililaire, Minnesota, is the subject of our present sketch, a justice of the peace, and merchant. Mr. Hanson was born in ifihvaukee, "Wis- consin, May 27, 1858, and is a son of Martin and Caroline (Christianson) Jacobson, who were natives of Norway. AVhen our sui)ject was a small child his parents removed to Eau Claii-e, Wisconsin, and took Government land. Our subject renniined at home until he was ten or twelve years old, when he began woi'k- ! ing for farmers. "When he was fourteen his ( PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 615 father died, and he had to go home and work tlie farm, aided by his younger brother, (yhi'istian. Two years later his mother mar- ried again. Jacob then went to Eau Claire and beg-an workino- in a lumber mill. AVhen lie was between twenty-one and twenty-two years of age he met witii a sad misfortune in tlio death of a friend, and he then began traveiin''- tlirouo-Jiout the Northwest. For n o some time he roamed about from place to ])laee in Dakota, and finally went Lac-qui- parle county, ^Minnesota, and there picked out a claim. He at once wrote his stepfather to come, and on his arrival J. M. Hanson gave him the claim. We will here make a brief explanation of Mr. Hanson's family matters. His father, Martin Jacobson, was very industrious and soon iiad developed acom- foitable place, through his energy, fi'ugality and labor. He did all his own work by hand : cutting all his grain and hav bv liand, and had good buildings ]iut up. On liis death he left his family in very comfortable circumstances. When the mother married again, her second husband, the stepfather of our subject, did not succeed very well, nor (lid he like to work so hard as the father had (lone. He invested in horses and machinery and soon spent all tlie money and propertj' his predecessor had saved. He got in debt, the place ran down, and eighty acres were too small to support expenses of that sort. Our subject, J. M. Hanson, had to help him with money and help him get started again. This was the cause of their removal to Lac-qui-parle county. Our subject aided him on account of his love for liis mother, brotlier and sisters. After getting them started again in Lac-qui-parle county they got along verv well, and are now inde- pendent. After seeing them comfortal)ly settled our subject went to work for farmers. Shoi'tly afterward C. Y. Lang (Mr. McKins- try being the agent) wanted a man to run a lumber yard in "Watson, Cliippewa county, Minnesota, and as a friend highly recom- mended our subject, he secured the place and took charge of the lumber yard and grain elevator. He remained with that firm for four years, then came to St. Hilaire. He ]mrchased property and opened a millinery store. He purchased goods in Chicago and was doing well, liaving accumulated several hundred dollars' worth of goods, and his lia- bilities only amounted to about $150. Al)oiit tins time a lawyer tried to beat his stock tiirough this indebtedness. Our subject stood suit, however, ami came out victorious. Mr. Hanson now carries on a restaurant, and a confectionery and notion store, and is doing well. Our subject has always taken an active interest in public matters, and has held a number of the local offices. He was tlie second marshal of the village, the first only serving about one month. He has been street commissioner for some time, and it was through his management that the crossings were put in, bridges built and sidewalks laid in St. Hilaire. He also served for several years as village recorder, and is now filling the office of justice of the peace. A capable, accommodating and painstaking official, he has always given excellent satis- faction in every ])osition in wliich he has been jilaced. Duiing Mr. Hanson's service with C. V. Lang, he became acquainted with Christine M. Waldum, an estimable young lady, and daughter of Ole E. Waldum, a farmer liv- ing near Watson. After two years of sin- cere courtship they were married on the 28th day of March, ISS'i, that day being the eighteenth birthday of the bride. Mr. and Mrs. Hanson ai'e the parents of two children — Minnie Caroline and Anton Oscar. The family are exemplary members of the Lutheran church. Mr. Hanson Norwegian is a member ternity. of the Knights of Honor fra- 6i6 KED KIVER VALLEY AND ^^^ARON H. CARLISLE, well-known niaiiaiiei the ])opular and of the old Man- sard House, now known as the Carlisle Ilonso, is a resident of the village of Paynes- ville, Minnesota, where he has charge of the hotel which bears his name. He is a native of the State of Illinois, born in Plymouth, Hancock county, Illinois, on the 25th day of December, 1S61, and is the son of James and Mai'v (Thoxel) Carlisle, natives of Kentuck\' and Pennsj'lvania, respectively. Tiie father died on the 4th day of January, 1871, and the mother is still living. They were the parents of the following-named children — Hattie, P>elle, Edward, William, Aaron, George, Clara, Debbie and Lettie. Mr. Carlisle, of whom this sketch treats, remained at home until he was eleven years old, when he went to Alma City, Waseca county, Minnesota, where he attended school for one yeai' and then returned to his home in McLeod county, Minnesota, where he remained, assisting his father on the home farm and attending school, until he was six- teen 3'ears old. He then secured a position in the shoe shop of J. N. Albright, and he remained in that position until his employer vrent out of business. Our subject then secuiT'd a i^osition as clerk in the Merchant's Hotel at Glencoe, ami, after working about one year, went back to school for two terms. After leaving school he clerked in the Wind- sor House at Howard City for two 3'ears, and then went to Graceville and took charjre of the Emerson House for Al. Stewart. He remained with Mr. Stewart for ten months, and then removed to Litchfield, Minnesota, and clerked in the Howard House for Frank Minton for about three years. At the expii-ation of that time he removed to Paynes- ville, Minnesota, and took charge of what was the old Mansard House, and which has been remodeled and is now known as the Carlisle House. It is a first-class house and has one of the most popular and most highly esteemed landlords on this line of road. In political matters our subject affiliates with the republican ]>arty and is activel}' interested in all local matters. A genial and affable gentleman, he is meeting w-ith well-deserved success. -♦► BELCOURT, M. D., of /r^\ EDMOND xt^ Ai'gyle, Marshall county, Minnesota, is one of the most prominent members of the medical fraternity in the Red River Valley. No member of the profession deserves better mention in a work of this character, and none stands higher in the com- munity where he lives than does he. A thorough scholar and an exjjerienced prac- titioner, he has met with merited success and has attained a prominent position in the respected profession of which he is a member. Dr. Belcourt was born in La Bale du Febvre, district of Trois Rivieres, Canada, December 15, 1852. His parents were Esdras and Josephte (Precourt) Belcourt, who were also natives of Canada. Gursuljject remained at home and attended school until he was twelve years old, wlien he entered the famous Nicolet College. After a thorough course, lasting eight \'ears, he was graduated with high honors. He then, from 1871 to 1876, clerked in a general store for M. Beauj)re, in St. Michel d'Yamaska. At the termination of that engagement he began the study of medicine and entered Victoria University, Montreal, from which he was graduated and received the degree of M. D. in 1880. He opened an office at Hoh'oke, Massa- chusetts, and si.K months later removed to Three Rivers, jMassacluisetts, where he remained for two years. At the expiration of that time he came to Argyle, Minnesota, where he has since remained, engaged in a lucrative practice. He is an affable, pleasant gentleman, and is PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 617 thoroughly posted in all that pertains to his profession. He has al\va\'s taken an active interest in public matters, and has served in various official positions. Has been county |ihysician for five years, county coroner for a like period, and president of the board of iiealth for the past four years, and still holds these ])ositions. "We can not close the article on Dr.Belcourt witliout making a brief mention of one of liis relatives that has ])la3'ed an important part in the histor}' of the Northwest — his uncle, Rev. G. A. Belcourt, who was a missionary among the Manitoba Indians for about thirty-five years. He was a talented and educated man, and a scholar in the Indian language. He wrote a grammar and dictionary of the Indian tongue, the latter of which contained some 30,720 pages in hand- writing on foolscap paper. He was a mis- sionary apostholig and. vicar-general of Bishop Cretin, of St. Paul, in 1S53. He was well and favorabh' known all through the Northwest, and was beloved by both the Indians and whites; and many Indians to this day almost worship his memor\', as his name is still a familiar one among them. This great and good man went to Manitoba in 1831, and died in Memramcook, lies de la Medelaine, Canada, in 1874. -*- John BASSETT, a retired farmer and ^ stock-raiser of section 9, Hartford town- ship, Todd county, Minnesota, is a native of New Hampshire. He was born in the town of Wo]fl)ury on the 3d of January, 1812, and is the son of Daniel and Abagail (Bean) Bassett, natives of Massachusetts. John Bassett, the subject of this memoir, received his education in New Hampshire, where he attended school at Wolfbui'v until he was twenty years old. He then worked on the home farm for two years, and in 1834 removed to Illinois, settling in Peoria coun- ty, where he remained eighteen months. He then went to the Red Mines, Galena, Illinois, where he remained until 1837. In 1837 he moved to "Wisconsin, remaining there for three years. In 1840 he went to St. Louis, Missouri, and later went to Indiana. He there secured a position as stage driver, and in 1842 returned to Galena, where he remained six years, employed as stage driver. In 1848 he went to Minnesota, being one of the earliest settlers in the State. In 1865 he moved to Todd county, Minne- sota, and took a tract of land on section 9, Hartford township, where he engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He is an old and respected citizen of the county, and bears the I'espect of all who know him. Mr. Bassett was married in January, 1845, to Miss Amelia McCornice, and this union has been blessed with ten children — only five of whom are now living — John, Mary, Thomas, Herford, Abbie and Lora, twins. Mrs. Bassett is a native of Canada. OHN S. LA DUE, a prominent and suc- cessful merchant of Polk county, Min- nesota, is a resident of the village of Fertile, where he is engaged in the general merchan- dising business. He is a native of Wiscon- sin, born at AVilmot, in Kenosha county on the 24th day of February, 1834, and is the son of Rev.' S. P. and Sarah M. (AV right) La Due, natives of New York State. The father was a Congregational minister, and in 1855 removed to Iowa, in which State he has been engaged in clerical work ever since. Mr. La Due, the subject of this biograph- ical article, removed, when about one year old, with his parents to Anamosa, Iowa, where he remained two years. At the expir- ation of that time they Avent to Mitchell, Iowa, and, after remaining there one year, 6i8 RED RJVER VALLEY AND moved to "Rockford. Towa, wliere he remained seven years. It was at that place he first attended school, and in 1866 he wont to Irving, Tama county, where he entered the Baptist Academy. After remain- ing there two years he went to Plymoutli, Iowa,' and commenced scliool teacliing. He was only fifteen years of age, but met with the best of success in the profession. After teaching seven years he engaged in agricult- ural pursuits, wliich he followed for five years. In 18S0 he went to Polk county, Minnesota, and located in the village of Fertile. In the fall of ISSl he engaged in general merciiandising, and lias since been employed in tliat line. He organized the postofRce, und was postmaster until Cleveland's administration, during which he was removed from office on party princi- ples. He carries a full line of goods, and a greater variety than will be found in most of the places of that size. Mr. La Due was married in Plymouth, Iowa, to Miss Sarah A. Kinney, on the 23d day of September, 187^1. Mrs. La Due is a native of New Jersey, and the daughter of Reuben and Judith (Spangenberg) Kin- ney, natives of New Jersey. Mr. La Duels a republican in pohtics and is a zealous party worker. He is a good citizen, a man of sii'ict l)usiness integrity, and is recognized as one of the most capable business men in the countv in which he lives. M lBERT H. SPERRY, the subject of J^sJl this article, is a resident of the city of Willmai', Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in the machinery busi- ness, also dealing in live stock, in partner- ship with his brother Berton AV., whose l)iogra])hical memoir will be found in another department of this Album. Mr. Sperry is one of the pioneers of the county, having settled there in 18.tR, coming from Le Sueur to Ilai'rison township, Kandi3'ohi county, where he took 160 acres of land and engaged in farming. He has been a resident of Will- mar since 1880, when he removed from liis farm into the city, where he has since remained, engaged in business in partner- ship with his brother. He is a native of New York State, born in Livingston county. New York, on the 1-lth day of December, 1840, and is the son of Jeremiah and Jerushia (Osborn) Speriy, natives of New Haven and Hartford, Connecticut, respectively. The father removed to Michigan in 1840 and to Minnesota in 1857, locating in Kandiyohi county. He remained there until the Indian outbreak in 1802. when he, with other set- tlers, had to flee for their lives. The father was in two engagements, in Meeker county, with the In>♦' -«-; I^RANK JERRUE is a, prominent nu'r- JP' chant of Warren, INfarshall CDunty, Minnesota, where he carries on the furniture and undertaker's business. He was born in St. Constan Parish, district of Montreal, Canada, March 4, 1852, and is a son of Anthony and Bridget (Fadden) Jerrue, the father a native of the same place as the son, and the mother a native of Ireland. The grandparents on the father's side were born in Paris, France. Anthony Jerrue was a veteran of the late war, enlisting in 1801, and serving in the Union army until the close of hostilities. He was badly wounded and was granted a pension of twelve dollars pel- (juarter. He (Anthony Jei'rue) removeil to St. Joseph county, Michigan, in 1858, and his wife followed the next year. The wife died in Fulton, Michigan, July 21, 1801. They were the parents of the following-named 622 /^/■:0 laVI-.R VALLEY AXD children — Mary, Francis, Antlion}', Nora, Daniel, Maggie and Tillie, all of whom are living except Nora and Anthon}'. Nora died in Michigan in 1874, and Anthony died in Kansas August 10, 1887. The latter left a family of four children. Frank Jei'rue, the jiresent suljject received his education in his native land, and at the age of nine years was bound out to a man named Orcutt for twelve years, or until lie had attained majoi'ity. How^ever, he only remained with him eighteen months, for, when his father r'eturned from the army, a neighbor complained to him about the cruel treatment Frank was receiving at the hands of Orcutt. Our sul)ject then remained with his father one 3'ear, when he was bound out to Mr. Kidd, with the agreement that Frank was to liave a fair education, and at the age of twenty-one was to receive two hundred dollars. He remained with him until he was eighteen years old, when Mrs. Ividd died, and two years later Mr. Kidd passed away. There being nine in the family and riot much property, the prospects for the two hundred dollai'S were meager. Frank then decided to shift for himself and hired out to a farmer foi' lifteen dollars a month. After working a short time, his father heard of the where- abouts of his son, and, after making satis- factory arrangements with Frank's employer, they removed to Benton Harbor, Michigan, where he i-emained one summer. He then went to Leonidas, Michigan, and attended school for one winter, doing chores for his boarcL In the spring of 1870 he engaged work with a farmer, and after remaining on the farm for nine months went to the Michi- gan pineries, where he worked in a saw-mill (luring the winter. In the spring he went back to the farmer with whom he had previ- ously worked, renuvining with him through harvest, lie then I'emoved to Constant ine, Michigan, and worked in a flouring-mill until late in the fall. He was then taken sick and, upon his recovery, moved to North Grand Ila])ids, Michigan, securing work in a saw- mill. In the spring he went to driving logs on the Muskegon river and shortly after was forced, on account of ill-health, to quit work. He returnetl to Leonidas, where he was sick almost all summer. On the 22d of Sei)tem- ber, 1873, he started, with a team, for Kan- sas, and on arriving there took a pre-emption claim, upon which he lived one year. He then abandoned his farm and worked during the winter in a grist-mill in Roseville, Kan- sas. In the spring he engaged in farming for a man by the name of Thayer and proved uj) on his original claim. After operating his farm for three years he rented it, and for a short time lived with his brother Anthony. In the spring of 1878 he removed to rhilli})s county, Kansas, where his pre-emption was, and lived there until the spring of 1884, then moved to Mai'shall county, Minnesota, where he built a house and entraffed in the milling business. In 1885 he traded his farm in Kan- sas for one in Marshall county, Minnesota, which he now rents. In November, 1887, he engaged in the furniture and undertaking- business and now has one of the finest stocks in the village. He does a general repairing trade and has a good business. He still holds his interest in the mill and is one of the act- ive business men of the town. Mr. Jerrue was married August 18, 1877, to Miss Elizabeth Davis, the daughter of William and Harriett Davis. Her father was a Union soldier and served all through the Civil AVar, coming out without an injur}'. Her mother died August 22, 1857. Mr. and Mrs. Jerrue have been blessed with the fol- lowing-named children — Emma M., Otis F., Eeulah E., Cora E., Ernest C. and Clarence W. Our subject was elected justice of the peace in 1888. He is a member of the Methodist church, with his family. He belongs to the Knights of Phythias and is a republican in politics. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 623 /^^^fc\\LE B. GLARUM, t.lie])opular ])n)pri(3tor xJ^ of the GliU'um Hotel, on Third street, Willmar, Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, has l)ecn a resident since IST'2. when he settled in the village anil opened a boot and shoe store, which business he carried on until 18S(), when he purciiased IGO acres of land one-half mile south of the city and engaged in farming. He lias been identified with liotel interests in the city since 1876, when he erected his present fine building, which he has since run. He is a native of Norway, horn in 1844, and is the son of Bendik and Maret (Oleson) Glaruni, also natives of that kingdom. The parents, who are farmers, still reside in their native land. They are the parents of six children, named in the fol- lowing order — Die, Lars, Ole E., John, liag- nild and Ragnild. The parents are devoted m(,'ml)ers of the Lutheran church. ]\Ir. Glarum, the subject of this article, spent his younger days in attending school in his native land, living at home until he was fourteen years old. He then engaged in slicep and cattle herding, and after three years entered an apprenticesliip to the boot and slioe trade. After serving two years learning his trade he worked at it as a jour- neyman until 1870. Then he emigrated to the United States, and went direct to Will- mar, Kandiyohi county, JMinnesota, where he remained two weelvs. He then went to Min- neapolis, Minnesota, and after remaining two years working at his trade returned to Willmar and opened a boot and shoe store, as before stated. Since taking his farm he has added 155 acres to it and has fine build- ing improvements, and is engaged in an ex- tensive and successful fai'ming and stock raising. He has always lived in the village since his settlement in the county, antl is well and favorabl}' known to the general travel- ing public. Mr. Glarum wa^u^nited in marriage in 1867 to Miss Johannah Christianson, the daughter of Christian and Gaala (Rasbak) Oleson, farmers of JSTorway. Mr. and Mrs. Glaruni have been blessed with eleven children, five of whom have died, as follows — IJastian (deceased), Maret (deceased), C. Basten (tleceased), Christiana (deceased) and Bendik Johan (deceased). Those living are — Mary, Bertha, Olena, John, Christian and Anna Louise. Mr. Glarum and his family belong- to the Lutheran church. He is one of the solid and substantial business men of the place, and is a republican in his political affiliations. He is well known as a hotel man and has the reputation of running one of the best hotels in the county. He is an exem j^lary citizen, and is highly esteemed bv all who know him. -^^ GEORGE S. WHITE. J'rominent the leading and csninent clergymen of the Northwest is the gentle- man whose name heads this article, a resi- dent of the city of Fargo, North Dakota, where he is pastor of the Methodist Epis- copal church. He is a native of the State of New York, born in Pomjiey, Onondaga county. New York, on the 7th of October, 1832, and is tiie son of John and Clarinda (Safford) White, natives of Massachusetts and New York, respectively. Our subject's boyhood-days were spent on his father's fai'in with the usual advantages of a tlistrict school, with an occasional term at some academy near by, of which there were several. Before he was sixteen he was engaged to teach the district school at Mathew's Mills for the winter, boardina- around after the custom of the time. Hav- ing a desire for higher scholastic attain- ments, our subject's father consented to " give him his time," if he thought he could do better than to work on the farm. By savin"' his earnings he was enabled to pros- 624 RED RIVER VALLEY AND ecute his studies at De Euyter and Manlius academies and Cazenovia Seminary. His school terms were considerabl}- prolonged by (H-onomy in boarding- himself, sometimes alone and at others with fellow students in clubs. For three consecutive winter terms he was employed as teacher (jf the Peck Hill school, the trustees so apjjreciating his serv- ices as to advance his salary each succeeding term. Receiving the ajipoiutment from the assembly district in wliicli he lived to the State Normal School at Albany, New York, he entered, on examination, the sub-senior class, and prosecuted his studies there. To I'eplenish his purse, he then served as book- kee|)er for a company of railroad contractors in Western New York, for the summer follow- ing, and then engaged as jirincipal of the Union School at Manlius village, which ])osition he held for two years. While thus eini)love(l, he married Miss A. Louisa Fox, the daughter of Rev. Wesley Fox, of the Oneida conference. His health l)eing much imjiaired by the continement and labor of school life, he resigned his position, and for the two following years was a member of a cari-iage factory firm in Marathon, New York. At the age of twenty years, while in school in Cazenovia Seminary, he was converted, but had no thoughts of the ministry until three or four years later. While in school he pur- sued a mathematical and scientific course, for which he had a special taste, and think- ing also to prepare himself for civil engineer- ing. But before engaging in that occupation he felt himself called of God to the ministry, and taking his recommend from the Caze- novia quarterly conference, where he was then residing, was received into the Oneida conference, at its memorable first spring- session in 1857, at Cazenovia. His pastoral ciuu'ffes have been the foUowin"-: North Pitcher, Cincinnatus, Greene, Butternuts, New York Mills, Chittenango, Seneca Falls, Skaneateles, Syracuse, Weedsport, Canastota, Lodi, Phelps, and Fargo, where he is at the present time meeting with well-mei'ited success. In 1868 Rev. White was appointed pre- siding elder of the Cortland District, in New York, in wiiich office he served four years, and at the end of the term was ajipointed to the Utica Disti'ict. Near tlie close of the first year he was prostrated by acute bron- chitis, and Iji'oiio-ht near death's door. The preachers of the tlistrict kindly persisted in asking for his reappointment to the district, with a vacation of three months to recuper- ate, which request was granted, but the severity of the climate and the excessive ' duties of the office proved to be too great a tax on his debilitated constitution, and at the end of the second year, being invited by the church at Seneca Falls to become its pastor, he resigned the office of presiding elder, and received a transfer to the Central New York conference and an appointment to that church. The charges u])on which he has served have almost invariably been vis- ited with revivals of religion and an increase of general prosi)erity. Concerning his min- isterial abilities one of his parishioners writes : " As a speaker his clear and distinct enunci- ation is noticeable. His bearing indicates natural energy of character and large reserve force, his perceptions are keen and readily take hold of truth in its great outlines. Terse and vigorous in his style, direct and forcible in his application of truth, his words do not fail, under the Divine blessing, to reach the human heart. A man of strong convictions, and feeling his accountability to God for the fidelity with which he expounds the Divine Word, tliere is nostojipingto inquire whether the truth which he preaches will be palatable to his hearers. He has manifested outside of his pulpit more than ordinary talent as an organizer and administrator, and his social qualities invite and secure the confidence of all who know him."' PARK REGTON^S OF M/NA'ESOTA. 625 Rev. and Mrs. White in tiieir union liavo l)een blessed witli the following-named children — Elbert F., who married ]\[iss Fannie Moore, of Minneapolis, Minnesota; George A. married Miss JCertie Guliclc, of Lodi, New York; Cora M., the wife of Frank Yan blew, of Lodi, New York ; and Clarence E., now living at home and attending the high school. Our subject is a member of the Adelphi Council of the Royal Arcanum. In the summer of 1SS2 Mr. White, in company with two other gentlemen from New York, visited Dakota and located a colony of about forty New Yorkers on unsurveyed public lands in Dickey county, at a place which they named Yorktown,now on the "Soo" line of railroad, which resulted in the organization of a corporate " Yorktown Land Company," of which ]\rr. AVhite has since been treasurer and for a time secretarv also. .In L884 he spent the summer with his family in Yorktown, Dakota, for the improve- ment of his health, resuming his ministerial work in the East in the fall, and continuing it until the failing health of his wife led him to seek a change of climate for her benefit, and to accept an ajipointment to Fargo which was proffered him. [^ON. CHARLES W. MORGAN, the jn-esent efficient postmaster of the city of Ilillsljoro, North Dakota, is also engaged in an extensive liver\' lousiness. He is a nativeof the State of Maine, born in Guil- ford, ilaine, on the 13th day of September, 1848, and the son of Samuel and Emily (LIow- ard) Moi-gan, also natives of that State. Our sid)ject, Mr. Morgan, remained at home on the farm, attending school until he was eighteen years old, when he enlisted in Company H, Tiiirtieth United States Infan- try, at Newport, Kentucky, September 10, 18G6. He went with his company to Fort Russel, Wj'oming Territory .where Cheyenne City now stands, and was all through Wyoming Territory, LTtah and Colorado. In 1868 the regiment was consolidated with the Fourth United States Infantry, and our subject served until his time expired, in September, 1869. While in the service he was in the following eno;ii2(!ments- — Fort Phil Kearne\', North Park, South Pass Creek, Rolling Springs, and a number of skirmishes. He was wounded at the battle of Rolling Springs, on account of which he was confined to the hospital for six weeks. After being mustered out he returned to his native State, and after visiting for a short time went to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he took charge of a crew of men in the woods and on the river for Bray, Wilder & French. In July, 1872, he removed to the Red river and went into the employ of the Hudson Bay Company, as clerk in a store at Goose River which is now Caledonia. He remained there two years, and then, with his brother, purchased the store, which they ran until liis brother died in January, 1880. Our subject then took as a partner A. H. Hanson, and they remained together until 1885, when they closed out the business. In the fall of that year our subject was elected to the Territorial legis- lature, from the Eighteenth district. He then returned to Goose River, and from there went to Hillsboro, where he established the livery stable he has since run. He keeps a first-class stable, and has sixteen horses. In July, 1888, he was appointed postmaster by President Cleveland, which position he has since filled. In September, 1888. the post- office was robbed, the safe blown open, and between §600 nnd $700 secured. No trace has ever been obtained of the I'obbers. Mr. Morgan was united in marriage on the 1st day of April, 1877, to Miss Carrie Gor- don, the daughter of H. L. and Carrie (Han- son) Gordon, natives of Norwav. Mr. and 626 Mr.n RIVER VALLEY AND Mrs. Morgan have beeii blessed with the fol- lowing-named children — Alice E., Laura C. and ]Manley M. Our subject is one of the ])rominent and well-known citizens of the city. He is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity, Ilillsboi'o Lodge, Ko. 3^, A. F. «fe A. M., and Casselton Chapter, No. 8. In jwiitical matters he attiliates with the demo- cratic party, and is actively interested in all local niiitters. He is a man of the strictest hunoi-and integrity, and every laudable home enterprise receives his heart}' support. -«- «^^ ^ M, LVIN M. CROWELL is a prominent W^ attoincy-at-knv in the village of Long Prairie, Todd county, Minnesota. He is a native of New York State, l)orn in Steuben county, and is the son of Alvin and Maliuda (Covey) Crowell, natives also of the State of New York. The father and mother of our subject removed to the State of Michigan in 1849 or 1850, where he remained until 1856, when he removed to the State of Iowa, later to Minnesota, and settled in Wrigiit county in 1880, where he is still living. The mother of our subject died in 1887. They are members of the Methodist Epis- copal church. They are the parents of the following-named children — Chancey, Hiram, John. Clarissa. Alvin, Melvin. Almira, Ira, Aaron, Howard, George, aiul Alice ami Almond (twins). Mr. Crowell, the subject of this ai'ticle, received his education in the States of Miciii- gan, Iowa and Illinois, finishing his educa- tion at Lowell, ]\Iichigan, in 18C8. He commenced in life for himself at the age of fifteen years, and at first worked out as a laborer, then engaged in teaching in the State of Michigan for several years. He then removed to Minnesota and settleil in Todd county, Minnesota, in 1870, locating in Ijirchdale and Grey Eagle townships, where he homesteaded land and continued to reside for three years. He taught school for sev- eral terms whih; holding his homestead. In 1883 he was marrieil to Sarah A. Thinney ; in 1871 he removed to Sauk Centre, Minne- sota, where he commenced the study of law with Charles Walker, with whom he re- mained one year. He was admitted to the bar in June, 1874, liy Juilge McKelvy of St. Cloud, Minnesota. Mr. th'owcll then removed to the village of Long Prairie, Todd county, Minnesota, in August, 1874, whei-e he commenced the law business and has since continued in that profession. He tried "the first jur}' case that was ever tried in the district court of Todd county," in Decemljci', 1874. He was admitteil to practice in the LTnited States District Court at St. Paul, ^linnesota, in 1884, and is prominently known all over the State. While on his farm he held the office of clerk of the township for thi'ee terms, and also held the office of count}' attorne\' "of said county" for three terms. Mr. Crowell is a member of the Masonic fraternity ; is a republican in ))olitics and one of the most substantial and highly esteemed-citizen of Todd county. He is now forty years old. -*-!€{^- [UDGE W. W. ROOSMAN, attorney-at- law and city justice in J)etrt)it ('ity, Becker county, Minnesota, is one of the oki- est settlers in the locality in wliieh lie lives. He is a native of the State of New Yoi-k, born in Clinton county New York, on the 12th day of August, 1829, and is the son of Fred- erick and Celia (Iledding) Poosman, natives of New York. The father of our subject was engaged in the manufacture of woolen goods through active life, and is still living in New York at the advanced age of ninety years. The mother died in 1878. She was a sister of Bishop Hedding, of the Methodist Episco- pal ciiurch. The father and mother of our PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 627 subject were tlie parents of thirteen children, our subject l)eing tiie oldest. Judge lloosuian, the subject of this article, I'emained witli iiis parents, working in his father's mill and attending school until he was twent}' one 3'ears old. lie then learned tlie millwright's trade, and followed that industry for thirteen years. In 1853 he i-euioved to "Wisconsin, where he remained three years, and early in 1857 removed to Min- nesota, locating in Glencoe, McLeod count\', Minnesota, where he remained until 1862. He particii)ated in tlie Indian outbreak, serving in the home guards. He sent his family to Indiana, and enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Fifty-third Indiana Infantr\', and served seven months as a private, but on account of poor h.ealth received an honorable discharge. He then returned to Ulencoe, and in 1870 removed to Detroit, Becker county, Minnesota, where he was the first settler. He took a Government claim of 160 acres, and has since platted almost all of it. He improved forty acres of the land and erected a fine residence. He assisted in the buihling of many of the edifices in the vil- lage, and has held the office of justice of the peace since 1871. He held the office of deputy register of deeds for two 3'ears, and is now a member of the board of education. He has been road overseer, assessor, and has alwa3's taken an active interest in all local matters. Judge Roosman was married at Glencoe, Minnesota, in 1858, to Miss Mar}' Jane Mc- Clelland, of Glencoe. This union has been Itlessed with Four children — Frank, Charlotte, Ida B. and Helen A. The last named, Helen A., was the first white child born in Detroit, Minnesota. Our subject is an adherent to the princijiles of the democratic party, and is one of the prominent and representative citizens of the village. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and belongs to the Grand Army of the liepublic. ^^DWIN H. LOVE is the editor and i)ro- x^^ prietor of the weekly newspaper called tlie Kittson Coxmty Enterprise^ the leading weekly published in Kittson countv, Minnesota. Mr. Love was born in Wj'oming, Iowa county, "Wisconsin, December 28, 1856. His parents were Samuel M. and Eliza N. (Nick- erson) Love, the former a native of Scotland, and the latter a native of New York, The parents were well-to-do farmers in "Wisconsin, and in 1877 his father was elected as super- intendent of the American Sunday-School Union of that State, and continued in that work until the time of his death, April 20, 1882. The widow survives him, and renuuns at the old home in Baraboo, "Wisconsin. Edwin H. remained on the home farm until he was fourteen \'ears of age, when he was apprenticed to learn the printing trade in Baraboo, "Wisconsin. Fof two years he followed this business steadil}', and then, feel- ing his need of a thorough education, con- cluded to take a course at the State Univer- sity. This determination was faithfully carried out, although in the face of many difficulties. For two and a half years he pui'sued his course, doing light work, sawing wood and the like to pay his way through. He then went to Chicago, and worked at his old trade for six months in the employ of Beach, Barnartl & Co., after which he again went to the university, from which he grad- uated with honor in 1875. Returning to Chicago, he entered the employ of the Chicago Irihune as shorthand reporter. He continued with the Tribune for three years, during which time he attended the Centennial Exposition in the interest of his employers. He then became their traveling correspondent, and spent one 3'ear roaming in and writing about California. Entering the employ of the St. Paul Globe, he then traveled extensively through the "West on a reporting tour. He 628 KED KIVER I'ALLE V AND lias continued in their employ ever since on a salarj'. He lias, however, given somewhat of his attention to other business, and, in Auirust, 1S.S2, founded the Perliam Bulle- tin., at rerliam. Otter Tail county. Minne- sota. He coiitiiiiied proprietor of tiiis paper until the spring of ISSfi, when he sokl out, and, with his invalid wife, started for Ten- nessee. The wife, however, was taken fatally sick on the way, and died atEiiimets- iiurg, Iowa, May 23, 1S8G. Mr. Love then started back to Minnesota with his little orphan boy, and hearing that the Enter- prise office at llaiiock was for sale, he extended his trij) to that place and purchased the paper. He has resided here ever since, conducting the business of the Enterprise. Mr. Love was man-ied in Algona, Iowa, June 29, 1879, to Miss May D. Sterner, daughter of J. D. Sterner. ]')V this union there were two children — Frank Garfield and ><'ina. The latter died in the winter of 1885-86. Mi's. Love died May 20, 1886, in Emmets- burg, Iowa, si.\ years after her marriage. Mr. Love's second marriage occurred June 5, ls88, when he was wedded to Miss Anna 0. Thompson, daughter of George and Anna C- (Gibbs) Thompson. Her father is one of the leading merchants of the town of Hallock. Mr. Love is an able journalist, and has brought to his business in Hallock an extended and valuable experience in news- paper work, having for some years been con- nected reportorially with the best journal in America. Added to this experience is a thorough intellectual training and a love for his profession. Combining these (pialitiesin the editorial management of the Enterprise, it is no wonder that it has become the lead- ing newspaper in Northern Minnesota. The paper is independent in politics and has about eleven hundred subscribers, being also the legal pa]ier of Kittson county, which dis- tinction it has enjoyed for six years past. In 1880 Mr. Love was nominated as representa- tive in the legislature, and in the election ran 700 votes ahead of his ticket. On account of sickness in the family he was forced to refuse to accept tliis honorable position. Mr. Love is a member of the A. F. i^' A. M., of Allison. Towa. and of the I. O. O. F., of Freeport, IlUinois. Besides his news- paper ijusiness, ilr. Love has been turning his attention somewhat to raising blooded horses, and has some excellent thoroughbi-od stock. — •♦ > -;^^- < *- • ^m^USAW LALONE, the present efficient X!1L. proprietor of the Central House, in the village of Verndale, "Wadena county, Minnesota, is one of the old pioneers of the county, having located there in 1879. Mr. Lalone received his education in his native country, where he attended school until he was twenty years of age. At that ))eiiod in life he commenced for himself, and for a few vears was engaged in the lumber- ing business. In the summer of isr).5 he moved to Hamilton, Ohio, where he took a contract to put up a lot oi cord wood. He remained for a year or two, and, in 1867, went to the State of Missouri, where he worked for two \'ears in the brick-manufact- uring business, in Hannibal. In IStiS he removed to Milwaukee, AVisconsin, and in the fall of 1870 removed to Chickasaw county, Iowa, and engaged in farming. In 1879 he started overland for Wadena county, Minnesota, and, on the 17th of November, settled in Yerndale. He at once opened a retail liquor establishment, which he operated until 1884. He then went to Aldrich, Minnesota, purchased the hotel, and, after running it for one year, sold out and returned to Yerndale, \vhere he purchased his present hotel, then kncnvn as the Verndale House. After operating the house for one year he rented the building and engaged in the licpior business with his bi'other. In the PARK REGIONS OF MINNESO T.I. 629 spring of 1888 he remodeled the hotel, and lias since continued in business. He is a popu- lar citizen and lanillord, and bears the respect of all who know him. His hotel is in good running order, and has the general patronage of the traveling ])ublic. Mr. Lalone was married on the 28th of Sep- tember, 1868, to Miss Emily IToule, a native of Canada. Mr. and Mrs. Lalone have been blessed with the following-named children — Mary (now deceased), Margret, Frank, Geoi'ge, Racheal, Myrtie, Roy and Trac^'. Mr. Lalone is a man of the utmost integrity and honor, and is an exemplary citizen. -«- ANASSES SARFF, the subject of "^y^^^.. this biographical memoir is a resi- dent of section 13, "Wykeliam township, Todd county, Minnesota, where he is en- gaged in general farming ami stock-raising. He IS a native of Pennsylvania, born in York county on the IGth day of October, 1832, and is the son of John and Saloma (Hoke) Sarff, natives also of Pennsylvania. The father and mother removed to the State of Ohio in the year 1831:, thence to the State of Indiana in 1838. They both passed away in IstJS. The father was a farmer through life, but followed weaving to some extent in Pennsylvania. The father and mother were the parents of the following- named children — Isaac, Jonas, Catharine, John, Jacob, Seth, Manasses, Peter, Josuah, Joseph and William. Selh and Peter are deceased. Mr. Sarff, of whom this article treats, remained in his native State until he was six years old, when he removed with his })arents to the State of liuliaua, where he settled in Randolph county. He remained there until he had attiiined tiie age of twenty-six 3'ears, durinji' whicii time he attended the common He also engaged in schools of that region. farming after he had attained his major- ity. At the age mentioned (twenty-six) he went to Adams county, Indiana, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits for ten years. In 1870 he started for Todd countv, Minnesota, and on the 8tli of June homesteaded a tract of land in what is now "Ward townshi}) on section 29. He remained on his farm for ten years and then removed to Wykeham township, in the same county, and settled on section 13, where he has since resided, engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He has a well-cultivated tract of land comprising eighty acres. Mr. Sarff was married October 10, 1853, in Indiana,to Miss Sarah Shelly, and this union has been blessed with the following-named children — Jacob F., Saloma M., John W., William J., Joseph H., Mary A., Eliza L., Peter M., Luciuda F., Arthur K., Manasses E., Christian E. and Ervin L. Joseph, William, Eliza, Peter and Lucinda are married ; Saloma M. and Arthur K. are dead. The rest are single and at home. Mr. Sarff and his family belong to the United Brethren church. Since 1876 he has been collecting agent for the Minnesota Mercantile Agency. He has held the office of c(ninty commis- sioner since 1886. He is a democrat in poli- tics and takes an active interest in all local matters. He has held various offices, includ- ing town clerk, county commissioner, school clei'k, justice of the peace, assessor, etc. He is a representative citizen of the town in which he lives, and bears the esteem of all who know him. ^^EORGE C. WINCHESTER, the sub- \^A ject of this biographical memoir, is engaged in the general merchandising busi- ness in the village of Warren, Mai'shall county, Minnesota. He is a native of Kew York State, born in Madrid, St. Lawrence 630 KED KIVEK VALLE Y AND county, New York, on the 31st day of Janu- ary, 1851, anil is the son of "William and Jane(Kesey) Winchester, also natives of the Eiiipii-e State. The parents of our sub- ject removed to Wisconsin in 1855. They had a family of three children, named as follows — Justin W. Winchester, G. C. Win- chester and Katy Jane AVinchester. The last-named drowned when four years old, at Ri ver Falls. The fi I'st is proprietor and owner of the Winchester House at Pembina, North Dakota. Mr. Winchester, of whom this sketch treats, remaineil in his native State until he was four years old, when he removed with his parents to Wisconsin and settled at River Falls. There he atteiuled school until he had attained the age of thii-teen 3'ears,when he secured a position in a drug store re- maining as clerk for three years. He then secured a position in a general merchandis- ing establishment, and for the next nine years was emplo3^ed in this store and othei's. For three years of that time he was in the Junction Mills, as cashier and book-keeper, and in 1878 he went to Polk county, Minne- sota, and took a pre-emption claim, upon which he remained four years. In 1882 he moved to Warren, Marshall county, Minne- sota, and erected a large store building, in which he put a full line of general merchan- dise. He also established a similar store in Angus, in company with Jerry Flint and A. D. Andrews. Mr. Flint retiring in 188(5, he took in as a special partner Miss Celista Andrews, the sister of A. JJ). Andrews, who died in 188-1. They have since continued in business and have one of the finest stores in the village. Mr. Wincliester was married in Portland, Maine, on the 6th day of April, 1874, to Miss Mary Andrews, the daughter of Abraham and Lydia Andrews. This union has been blessed with two children, Walter and Mildred — the latter died in infancv. Mrs. Winchester passed away in Ma}', 1878, in San "Rafael, California, where she had gone for her health. Mr. Winchester was married the second time, September 10, 1888, to ^fiss Annie White, the daughter of Charles S. and llhocardas White, natives of Vermont. Our subject belongs to the following social organ- izations — A. F. & A. M., Lodge No. 150 ; Pierson Lodge, No. 41, R. A. C. ; and No. 20 Commandery, K. T. He is a republican in politics, and an active participant in all local movements. — '«"?^{^-^'— pVER C. OLSON, is a resident of Will- IL mar, Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in the fui'niture lousiness, cai'ry- ing a full line of furniture and undertakei'"s goods. He settled in that county in 1871, working a farm one mile from the village, in Willmar township, where he carried on general farming for one year, then settled in the village and followed house building for nine 3'ears, employing from two to eight men. He then engaged in his present busi- ness, purchasing his present place on the corner of Third street, in 1880. He is a native of the kingdom of Norway, boi-n in 1848, and is the son of Ingebrit and Sarah (Jacobson) Olson, natives also of that king- dom. The father was a prominent farmer, and remained in his native land until his death in 1883. The mother is still living in Norway. They were the parents of but one child, Iver, our subject. Mr. Olson, the subject of this article, remained on the home farm, in his native land, attending school until he was fourteen yeai's old. At that ])eriod in life he entered an apprenticeship to the carpenter's trade, which he followed for a number of yeai's. In 1871 he emigrated to the United States, and, after landing, i-emoved atonce to Minne- sota, settling in Kandiyohi county, where he worked on a farm as before stated. He has PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 631 built a number of houses in tiie village, including his fine residence, which is located on the corner of First street and Litchfield avenue. Mr. Olson was united in marriage in 1871, to Miss Annetta T. Berg, the daughter of John T. Berg. This union has blessed Mr. and Mrs. Olson with four children, named as follows — Samuel, Ole, Conrad and Inga. Our subject and his family belong to the Lutheran church. He is a stanch repub- lican in his political affiliations, and all local matters, whereby the town or county may derive benefit, receive his hearty support. He is a public-spirited citizen, and is one of the prominent representative business men of the city. [AMES P. WALLACE, cashier and man- iger of. the Bank of Pelican Eai)ids, I'clicau Rapids, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, is one of the prominent business men of the Pelican Yalley. He is a native of the State of Michigan, born in Washtenaw count}', on the 6th day of January, 1844, and is the son of Daniel and Laura (Ripley) Wallace, natives of Vermont and New York, respectively. His parents removed to Michigan in the j'ear 1830, and settled in Washtenaw county, where James was born. His father died there October 20, 1875, and his mother is still living there. His father was a miller and con- tractor, and was one of the representative men of Washtenaw county. Mr. AVallace, the subject of this biography, remained at home, attending school until his fifteenth year, when he entered the Detroit Commercial College, and after completing a course of study at that institution he removed to Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he remained three years employed as book-keeper for a large general store. In 1862 he went to Detroit, Michigan, as l)ook-keeper in a bank, remaining for two years, and then for four years with Willard, Parker & Co., provision dealers and packers. Then he removed to Chicago, Illinois, and for the two succeeding years was cashier of a leading wholesale hat and fur house. At this time the LTnion Trust Company Bank, of Chicago, was organized, and Mr. Wallace entered that institution as book-keeper and teller, remaining five 3'ears, when he returned to the wholesale house above referred to as credit and general office manager, where he remained until 1882, when he removed to Pelican Rapids, Min- nesota, bi'inging with him letters and testi- monials of the highest character from Chi- cago bankers and wholesale dealers, and established the Bank of Pelican Rapids, of which he is cashier and manager. He is president of the village council, having held that jiosition for three years. He is a man of marked executive ability, and one of the representative and prominent men of the village and county, who takes an active interest in everything which will help to further the best interests of his adopted home and county. He is a man of integrity and honor, and his word is considered as good as a bond. Mr. Wallace was united in mai'riage Jan- uary 30, 1869, to Miss Jennie Scott, and they have been blessed with one child — Ray A. Politically, oui' subject has always been a democrat, a firm believer in the ])rinciplesof equal and exact justice to all men, of what- soever state or persuasion, religious or ))olit- ical, and absolute acquiescence in the decis- ions of the majority. j^^ONALD McDonald, a resident of Verndale, Wadena count\^, Minnesota, has been intimately identified and connected with the growth of that region since the fii'st sign of civilization. He first went to that locality in June, 1870, as the general superin- 632 RED RIVER VALLE Y AND temlent of track department and rail-laying of tlie Northern Pacific Railroad from Diiluth to Fargo. He reached the Crow Wing river with the track about April 1, 1S71, and from that time until August was engaged in surfacing the track and getting it in better running condition between Duluth and Brainerd. About the last of August he again began track-laying, and they reached Fargo Christmas eve, 1871. At that time tiiere were but few settlers along the lino, but once in a while they would see a settler or a trapper in a log shant}' or tent. At Brainerd the onlj' house was the chief engineer's headquarters. At Gull river there was an Indian agency, and near where Motley is now located there was one settler named JakeWilber, better known in later years as " Lying Jake." Near the present site of Detroit there were two small log houses, and from there to Fargo there was nothing save a barren waste of prairie. It \vas the home of the trapper, and the country was full of Indians and wild game. All of that region is now well settled. Cities and villages have spi'ung up as if by magic, and schools, churches, well improved farms, with comfortable and often elegant dwell- ings ^^ representative citizen of B(?cker county, Minnesota, is a resident of tlie village of Lake Park, where he is engaged in the wheat business for the Northern Pacific Elevator Company. He is a native of Nor- way, born on the 26th day of April, 184-1, and is the son of Stengrin and Guuild (Sev- ertson) Jellum, also natives of that kingdom. The father was a farmer in the Old World, and emigrated to the United States in 1851, settling in Rock county, Wisconsin, where he remained about four yeai's. In 1855 he went to Minnesota, and settled in Freeborn county, where ho followed farming until 1869. At that time he went to I'ecker county, Minnesota, whei'e he has since remained. The mother of our subject died in 18-1:9, and the father was married to his second wife. The fiist marriage was blessed by one child, EUef Nilson, the subject of this article. Mr. Jellum, the subject of this biograph- ical review, remained in his native country until he was seven years of age, when he emigrated to America with his father, in 1851. After a voyage of seven weeks on a sailing vessel, they landed at Quebec, Canada, and from there went direct to Rock county, Wisconsin. There our subject attended the excellent common schools of that locality for four years, and in 1855 removed with his parents to Freeborn county, Minnesota. Until 1859 the subject of this sketch remained in that county, during which time he com- pleted his education and assisted on the home farm. In 1859 he went to Iowa and visited his half brother, Ole, with whom he remained for about two years. In Septemlxir, 1861, he enlisted in the Sixteenth United States Infantry, Company A, as a private soldier, and served two terms of three years each. During the greater part of the time he was in General Thomas' corps, and was in many battles and skirmishes, including the fol- # 631 ];i:d ktveu i alley .ixn lowing — Shiloh (at which battle he was wouiuled), Stone Itiver, Ciiiokaraauga, Chat- tanooga, Nashville, etc. After his honorable (iiscliarge as sergeant, Company A, Six- teentii United States Infantry, he returned to Iowa and located in Clayton county, where he purchased 120 aei-es of land and engaged in farming, following that industry for live years. He then rented his farm and engaged in the machinery business in Farm- ersburg, Iowa, where he remained three years. At the expiration of that time, he went to Becker county, Minnesota, and took a soldiers homestead an section -4, Hamden township, and engaged in farming pursuits. x\fter following farming for five years, he took charge of the Con i meed and Lake Park fai'ms, owned by T. H. Canfield, employing from twenty to forty men, lie held this position during 1881 and 1882, and then went into the hardwai'e business in partner- ship with Ole Nygaard. At the end of two years our subject sold his interest and enousjed in the freneral merchandisini!- busi- ne.ss in partnei-ship with W. .f. Herring, remaining in that business for a jiei'iod of eighteen months. Our subject then sold his interest in the business, and was employed by the Northern Pacific Elevator Company, with whom he has since remained. He still owns his farm, and it now comprises 640 acres of well improved and desirable land. Mr. Jeilum was married May 22, 1868, to Miss Mary Larson, the daughter of Peter and Bertha (Hulverson) Larson, natives of Nor- way. They emigrated to the States in 1849, and settled in Clayton county, Iowa, where the fathei' die. Sjur H., the father of Hans S., our subject, received a fine education in his native land and Wis- consin. He still remains on the old home- stead of his parents, and is actively engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He is one of the representative citizens of that county, and for the past thirty years has constantly held various town and count}' offices. He is a piominent factor in church and school matters. He is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran synod. Tlie fatiier and mother of our subject were the parents of the following-named children — Prof. Hans S., Ole S., Herman (who died in 1887), Joiin, Anna Tl. (deceased), Anna R., Peter, Gertrude, Inger and Sarah. Professor llilleboe, tlie subject of this biograpiiicai memoir, spent liis younger days in sciiool and at home, and at the age of six- teen years taught his first term of school. He then attended Luther College, at Decorah, Iowa, from which he graduated in 1881. While attending college he taught one year and after gi'aduation returned to his native county, where he engaged in the profession of school teaching, for one year. The next two years were spent in study and si)ecial preparation for teaching at the seminary and institute, which institution he had helped to establish in 1883. During the iirst three years Prof. A. M. Hove had charge of the seminary, but resigned on account of sickness, and since that time Professor llilleboe has had full charge. The seminary has an attendance of some three hundred students annually, the students coming fi'om all parts of Minnesota and Dakota, and some also from Iowa, Michigan, Illinois and Wisconsin. Professor llilleboe was united in marriage in 1887, to Miss Antonilla Ytterboe, of Cal- mar, Iowa. Professor and Mrs. Hilleboe have been blessed with one child — Gertrude M. Our subject and his family belong to the Lutheran church, and are actively identified \\\\.\\ all church matters. Our subject has devoted his attention exclusively to education, and has taken very little part in politics, local or national. Mrs. Hilleboe is a daughter of Even and Mary Ytterboe. Her father was one of the pioneer settlers of Winneshiek county, Iowa. He has been a very prominent lay member in the Lutheran synod for over twenty years, a trustee of the synod and also of Luther College, and has fi'equently held positions of trust in church affairs. |ki)HlLO STONE. Prominent among the 1^ hotel proprietors in the lied River Valley is the subject of the present article, a resident of the village of Argyle, ]\Larsiiall count}', Minnesota, where he is operating the hotel, Stone's House. He is a native of 638 KED KIVEK VALLEY A XD Vermont, born in Sheldon, Franklin county, Yorniont, on the SOth da\' of February, 1818, and is the son of James and Anna (Wlialoy) Stone, natives of Vermont. The parents of our subject were prominent farm- ers in their native State. Mr. Stone, tlie subject of tliis l)iogra])hical memoir, remained on tlie iionu! farm, attend- ing scho()l in t)ie winters and assisting his fatlier on tiie farm in the summers, until lie was fourteen years of age. At tliat period in life he removed to Cattaraugus county, New Yorlv, where lie remained two years, on a log run on the Alleghany riv^er. At tlie expiration of that time he removed to Illinois river, to Hennepin, and from there to Ilock Island, Illinois. In 1832 lie went to Quincy, Illinois, whei'e he remained one wintei', during the Black Hawk War. In 1833 he removed to New Orleans, in cliolera times, and during the ten days lie was there he received $5 a day for l)Ui'ying tiie dead. They used no coHins, but dumjied tiiem into holes in the ground and covered them over Avith dirt. Ho ne.xt removed to Port Byron. Illinois, where he and his l)rother took a contract to cut 2,n00 cords of wood at %\.M a coi'd. They filled the contract, and then went to Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, and put in a lime-kiln and took a contract to furnish lime. They remained there one year, doing a good business, and in 1836 went to Chippewa pinery, on the Ogalla river, where they remained several \'ears, getting out square timbers and shingles. They then went to the Eau Claire river, built a mill, and remainetl there seven \-ears in that business. In 18^3 he went to Wabasha, Minnesota, and, in company witii General Sibley, Shields and others, laid out the town site. Our subject was cheated out of about .$75,000 worth of land, and he only obtained 1C>0 acres, for which he had to i)ay §10 ;in acre. He sold the farm of 160 acres for $1,300, and took a homestead in Middle River township, which he has since retained. In 1885 he removed to Argyie, Marshall county, Minnesota, where he opened a res- taurant, and has since remodeled it into his present hotel. He runs a good house, anil has a good share of the general patronsige. Mr. Stone was married in IS-IS to Miss Adeline Campbell, who died in 1S69, leaving the following children to mourn her loss — x\nna, Elizabeth, Addie, Susan and Macia. Our subject was married the second time to Mrs. Marion Runnel and this union has been blessed with two childi-en — Roy and Beulah. He is actively' interesteil in all local move- ments, and is a man of strict integrity. -^-.4^ «^. ^^AMUEL N. HORNECK, the popular '^^3' and eiiicient postmaster, also engaged in the general merchandise business in Detroit Cit}-, Becker county, Minnesota, is a native of Ireland. He was born in Old Ross, County of Wexford, Ireland, on the 13tli day of November, 1830, and is the son of John and Sarah (Boyce) llorneck, natives of Ireland. The father was one of the wealthy and prominent farmers in the county of Wexford, where he remained until his death in 1839. The mother died in 1803 in AVis- consin, where she had emigrated in 1847, being one of the earliest settlers in Winne- bago county. The father and mother of our subject were the parents of ten chil- dren, six of whom died in infancy, and of the remaining four only Samuel and John survive. Mr. Horneck, the subject of this sketch, received his education in his native lantl, where he attended school until the age of thirteen years; at that pei'iod in life hesecured a position as clerk, and after working two years was forced to give it up on account of ill-health. He then returned to school, and when sixteen again engaged in the mercan- PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 639 tile business as clerk. In 1849 he emigrated to the United States and after a voyage of six weeks landed at New York. He proceeded at once to Buffalo, New York, where he engacred in the mercantile business. After continuing in the business fornineteen years in EiifTalo he went to the city of Franklin, Venango county, Pennsylvania, where he opened up in business. In 1873 he removed westward and located at Detroit Citj% Becker county, Minnesota, where he has since remained, being one of the oldest merchants in the county. He carries the largest stock of any in the count\^ and is doing an exten. sive business. In 1885 he was appointed postmaster by President Cleveland, and lias JK^ld the position since that time, lie has interested himself in land and city property, and has always been actively working for the best interests of the county or State. ]\Ir. Ilorneck was united in marriage on the 12th day of December, 1854, to Miss Annie E. Mooney, the daughter of G. V. and Eliza A. (Shaw) Mooney, of Buffalo, New York. This union has been blessed with one son — Phillip, who is now engaged in the mer- cantile business with his father. Our subject is a stanch democrat in his political affilia- tions and is actively interested in that party's cam])aigns. He is a member of tiie Masonic fraternit^r and one of the prominent and esteemed business men of the county. ^1 YLVESTER N. THOMPSON, the sub. '^S' ject of this biographical memoir, is a resident of the village of Grey Eagle, Todd county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in the general merchandising business. He is a native of Vermont, born in Lamoille county, on the 16th day of June, 1846, and is the son of John L. and Lucy (Madison) Thompson, natives of Vermont and TVlassachusetts, respectively. The father dietl in ISSO, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and the mother in 1858, at Sauk Eapids, Minnesota. They were the parents of the following-named children — Sarah, now Mrs. Green, of Vermont; Lucy, who married Mr. Spear, of Minneajiolis, Minnesota; Laura, the wife of a Mr. Smith, of Fergus Falls, ifinnesota; W. ()., engaged in farming in Minnesota; John L., who died in 1867: and Sjdvester, the subject of this biography. Mr. Thompson, of whom this article treats, remained in his native State until he had attained the age of eleven years. At that period in life he removed with his ])arents to Minnesota, and settled at St. Cloud, Minnesota, where he remained a short time, then removing to Sauk Rapids, Min- nesota, where he located antl attended school. Up to tiie age of sixteen he had devoted his energies to acquiring a good education, and at the age of sixteen he com- pleted his education at St. Cloud, Minnesota. In the fall of 1862 he enlisted in the First Minnesota Mounted Eangers, and received his honorable discharge in 1863. He re-en- listed in the First Minnesota Heavy Artil- lery and received his honorable discharge in 1865. He was in many Indian battles, and was under Sibley in his expedition across the plains. After his discharge he returned to St. Cloud, Minnesota, and for some time engaged in various occupations. In 1869 he removed to Todd county, Minnesota, and located in Berchdale township, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits for eleven years. He then established his present busi- ness in the village of Grey Eagle, where he has since remained. He is one of the sub- stantial business men of the village and carries a full line of first-class goods. Mr. Thompson was married in Januai'v, 1871, to Miss Mar\' Alishire, a native of Ohio, and educated there. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have been blessed with three children, nametl as follows — Laura, Freddie 640 KED h-rVF.R fAI.r.F.y .-IXD and Clara. Mr. Thompson and his familj'^ belong to the United Brethren church. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Ui'piiblic, Post No. 129. lie is a repub- lican in politics and is at present townsliip treasurer. He has lield the offices of asses- sor, chairman of tlie Ijoard, etc. He is a representative man and bears tiie esteem of all who know l)ini. /^^EORGE H. GREEN, the senior part- V^^ ner of the firm of Green & Weeks, dealers in heavy and shelf hardware, in the village of Wadena, Wadena countv, Minne- sota, is one of the successful and prominent business men of the county in which he lives. He is a native of Wisconsin, born in Princeton, Green Lake county, on the 27th day of July, 1851, and is the son of Hallett T. and Olive il. Green, natives of New York. The father and mother of our subject were the parents of the following-named children — Kate E. Hamar, George H. Green and Myron D. Green. Mr. Green, the subject of this biographical memoir, remained in iiis native State until he had attauied the age of twent\^-one years. During that time he remained at home and attended the excellent common schools of his native county. In the s])ring of 1873 he started out in life for himself, and with %70Q capital and a team started for the West. He passed through Northern Iowa, through Algona, aiul on to South Dakota, where he settled in Union county and took up a Gov- ernnumt claim, lie l)uilt a small frame house and engaged in general farming. He remained thei-e for five years and a half, during which time he lost three of the six crops he had put in by hail and " hoppers." He then removed to Minnesota, and located in Wadena county, where his parents had moved in 187C. He bought a farm, and after erecting a house commenced his farm life again. After the expiration of eight years lie decided to remove to the village of AVadena, and accordingly settled in the vil- lage and went into partnership with Mr. Weeks. They luive since cari'ied on the business, and have one of the finest and Ijest equi})ped hardware stores in the village. They carry a full line of heavy and slielf hardware, and have a large and increasing trade. In addition to his business interests Ml'. Green still owns his farm, and also is the possessor of a fine residence in tiie village. Mr. Green was united in marriage on the 6th day of March, 1872, to Miss Ella Eanta, a native of Green Lake county, Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Green are now the parents of five children, named in the following order — George G., Frank B., Madge, Maud and Orrilla Green. He is one of the active business men of the village, and always evinces an active interest in all local alfairs. lie is a democrat in his political atfiliati(jns. Mr. Green is a inem])er of Wadena Lodge, No. 157, A. F. & A. M., and also belongs to the Ancient Order of United Workmen. .-^^ Joseph H. NEER, real estate dealer and ^ gi'ain buyer at New London, Minnesota, is one of the most prominent business men in Kandi^'ohi county. He has been one of the leading factors in the growth and develop- ment of the locality in which he lives, and his name is prominently identified with the history of the northern half of Kandiyohi county. A man of extensive property inter- ests, enterprising, liberal and energetic, every move calculated to benefit the town or county receives his hearty support and encour- agement. Mr. Neer was born in Springfield, Clarke county, Ohio, in 1S;54. and is a son of Amos and Hannah Neer, who were natives of Vir- PARK REGIONS OF MINNESO TA. 641 ginia. Tlie mother died-wlien ho was three years old, and a few weeks after tlie birth of his sister Hannah. The fathei' married again, and died in IS-tO. Joscpii H. Neer spent his boyliood (hi^'s and i-eceived Ins education in liis native State, attentiing school until he was seven- teen years of age. lie then engaged in clerking and collecting, and while still a boy settled the accounts of four different linns in Ohio. In 1855 he came to Iowa and located at ]\Iuscatine, where he engaged in the hotel business, running the Irving House for a 3'ear. At the expiration of that time he went to St. Paul, Minnesota, and after clerking in a store there for one year, he took a preemption in Carver county, Minne- sota. A sliort time later he engaged as a clerk on .-i steamboat and followed this for nine months, when he again returned to St. Paul and resumed clerking. He remained for some time and served two years as wood inspector. In 1803 he entei'ed the quarter- master's department and accompanied Gen- eral Sibley's expedition across the plains, going as far as Big Bend, near the present site of Bismarck, on the Missouri river. The expedition returned to St. Paul in the fall of 1863, and our subject remained in the quar- termaster's department until the following spring, when he, in company with Zeb. Nash, went South as sutlers with tlie Sixth Minne- sota Infantry. The regiment went into cam]i at Helena, Ai-kaiisas, and Mr. Neer remained with them until fall, when his health failed and he retui-ned to St. Paul, and late in 1864 engaged as clerk in the Merchants' Hotel. After a year's service there, his health still being poorly, his ph^'si- cian advised him to go on a farm. He accordingly went to Stearns county, Minne- sota and assumed charge of Major Cullom's farm. He took there 865 sheep which he cared for, and they increased in numbers so that he re-let the most of them around Sank Center and Holmes City. In 1S6S he removed to Kandiyohi county and bought a farm, where he engaged in farming and teaching school during the winter months. In 1870 he went to the village of New Lon- don, where he has since lived. He engaged at that time in the mercantile business in compan}^ with S. Adams. They remained in partnership about three years, when Mr. Adams sold out and Mr. Neer carried on the business alone until 1883, when he closed out the stock, and has since devoted his atten- tion to real estate matters and buying grain. He has always taken an active part in public affairs, and has been justice of the peace for the past twelve 3'ears. He is one of the most careful and capable business men in the county, and has amassed a fortune through his own foresight and business sagacity, and he stands high in the esteem of all, both as a business man and an exem- plary citizen. Mr. Neer was married December 7, 1871 to Hannah E. Knowles, and they are the parents of two daughters, named Hattie Maj' and Alice Lydia. Mrs. Neer was born near Oswego, New Yoi'k, and is a daughter of Robert and Lydia A. Knowles. The Neer family residence is a neat and comfortalile one, being located on their farm near the depot at New London. JTaMES ASHBURNER, one of the most ^ prominent and influential citizens in the farming community in tlie Red River Valley, is a resident of section 21, Wadena township, "Wadena county, Minnesota. He is a native of England, born in Penny Bridge, Furness, Lancashire, England, and is the son of Thomas and Eleanor (Lishman) Ashburner, also natives of Lancashire, England. The father was a ship carpenter by occupation, and worked in the naval yai'ds of his native county, in Barrow. He is now a n^sident of 642 RED KrVKR VALLEY AND "Wadena county, Minnesota, where he is eno-aged in agricultural j)Ui-suits. The father and mother of our subject were tlie parents of the following-named children — James, ]\rary Agnes, Amra IM. and Stephen. Mr. Ashburner, of whom this biography treats, attended school until he was fourteen years of age, when he learned the ship car- penter's trade at Barrow, being six yeai's an ai)])rentice. lie worked one year' in tiie j'ai'ds as a journeyman, and then took up a sea-faring life as ship carpenter on board a vessel. In 1872 he returned to his home, where he remained one 3'ear. In the fall of 1872 the Furness colon\^ was oi'ganized in England, and held meetings at Barrow, the result being: A committee of five were aj)pointed to emigrate to the United States and inspect the land of the Northern Pacific Railroad Company in Minnesota. In the spring of 1873 our subject, in company with the other four who completed the committee, came to the United States. They at once went to Minnesota and Ma}' 1, 1873, left Brainerd in company with the land commis- sioner and land examiner, Powers and Holmes, res])ectively. After carefully look- ing all the land over in the Northwestern part of the State the committee finallv decided that Wadena county was the most desirable location to be found. They accord- ingly went to St. Paul, Minnesota, whei'e the necessar\' papers were drawn up and the bargain closed. Owing to a failure of the I'ailroad comjiany the title papers have never been handed over to the colonists, and tills fact has caused a great deal of dissatis. faction and trouble to both parties. The subject of this article was one of the earliest settlers in the county. In 1873 he took a Government claim on section 28 of Wadena township. During those early tlays times were hard and the necessities of life could hardly be obtained nearer than Brainerd. He has a line I'aiin of 320 acres under good cultivation and having excellent build- ing improvements upon it. He is one of the substantial farmers and is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Mr. Ashburner has held the offices of supervisor, town clerk, justice of the peace, treasurer of the school district, etc. He is a membei" of the Masonic fraternity, having joined in ids native land. He and his familv belong to the Cone'retjational church. » • •♦ > -^^^'^» #EORGE COOPER, wliolcsale and retail harness dealer of Fargo, was born in Dulwich hamlet, Camberwell jjarish, London, England, December 3, 18-12, and is the son of James and Julia (Morish) Cooper, also natives of England. Our subject lived at home attending school until lie was ten years old, when he went to county Kent and lived with his uncle, William Card, until he was sixteen, when he returned to his parents in London. There he remained until ^laich, 1804, when he come to Ripon, Wisconsin, and enlisted in Company I, Foi-t^'-seventh Regiment Wisconsin \'olunteer Infantry, and served until September, 18(15, when he was mustered out at Nashville, Tennessee, receiving an honorable discharge. IMr. Cooper then returned to his uncle's at Ripon, where he was sick for some time. In the spring of 1866 he went to Markeson and learned the harness trade with William Paddock, with whom he remained until 1867, when he went to Chicago and worked at his trade as journeyman until 1871. After the great fire of that year he worked as overseer for William and Richard Duval, builders and contractors, two 3'ears, and in the summer of that year, 1873, went to Brainerd, Minnesota, remaining but a short time, when lie came to Fargo and worked some six weeks for the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, after which he went to PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 643 work in ;i harness sliop for Mr. Plummer in Farijo, and was with him during: that winter. In the spring of 1874 the quartermaster at Fort Abercombie sent for him, and he hired out to go as saddler witli the Custer expedi- tion to tiie Black Hills, and remained with them until October, when he returned to Fargo and engaged again with Plummer until spring. lie then went to Moorhead and started a harness shop for himself, and the same summer bought the shop of Mr. Plummer at Fargo, and managed both shops for some three or four years, when he sold his shoj> at Moorhead, and has since that time been doing a wholesale and retail busi- ness at Fargo. Mr. Cooper was united in marriage to Miss Elvira Pinkham, December 14, 1876, a daugiiter of William Pinkham. Mr. Cooper is a member of tiie G. A. R., John F. Reynolds Post, No. 44, Fargo, and is also a member of Moorhead Lodge, jVo. 20, A. F. & A. M. In politics Mr. Cooper is a stanch republican. By his honorable busi- ness methods Mr. Cuopei" lias built up an extensive business, and he ranks among the most solid and substantial men of the city. -'-•♦ > -i^^- ■ < »■ • ^^^ARTIN RODMAN, a prominent and J^Js^^^ influential citizen of Todd county, Minnesota, is leading a retired life in the village of Long Prairie. He is a native of the State of New York, born in Schoharie count^^ on the 25th day of May, 1832, and is the son of Asa and Olive (Culver) Rodman, natives of Massachusetts. After tiieir mar- riage the parents of the present sul)ject set- tled in Schoharie county, New York, where they remained the rest of theii- lives, engaged in farming. The father died in 1842, and tiie mother in December, 1880, slie being ninety years of age. The father and mother of our subject were devoted membei's of the Baptist church, and highly esteemed citizens in the locality in which they lived. They were the parents of fifteen children, thirteen of whom grew up, were married and had children. Mr. Rodman, the subject of tliis liiograph- ical review, remained at home until he iiad attained the age of sixteen years. During that time he had attended the excellent com- mon schools of his native State, and at the age mentionetl Martin went to the Schoharie Academ\', where he entered on a course of study, remaining there eighteen months. He then removed to the city of New York, where he stayed one year and a half, engaged in ship building. At the expiration of that time he returned to his home, and the next winter taught scliool in Schoharie county. During the following summer he worked at the carpenter's trade, and in the fall entei'ed the New York Conference Seminary, where he remained one year. He then came West and went to Wisconsin, Iowa and Illinois, teaching school during one winter in Illinois, 1853-54. The .next summer he engaged in the carpenter's trade in Lockport, Illinois, and then secured a position on the Illinois Central Railroad, and this occupa- tion placed his headcpiarters in Chicago. In 1854 Mr. Rodman enlisted in the United States Regular Arm\', and served one enlistment. After his discharge he went to Chicago, Illi- nois, where he remained one winter. In 1859 he went to Wisconsin, where he worked at the carpenter s trade during the summers of 1859 and 1860. Mr. Rodinaii returned to his native State in the winter of 1860, and visited the scenes of his childiiofid. Upon his return to Wisconsin he enlisted in Ajjril, 1861, in tiie Second Wisconsin Infantry, and was honorably discharged at Pliiladel- phia on the 27th of June, 1803. He partici- pated in the First and Second Battles of Bull Run, and sjient a week figiiting along the liajipahannock. Mr. Rodman was wounded at the Second Battle of Bull Run, 644 RED JUV'ER VALLEY AND and tlie result of this was that he was confined in tiie hospital in Washington, District of Columbia, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, foi- ten months. He wer.t to (.^aniac's W(Jods Hospital, and was detailed for pro- vost duty, and received his honorable dis- ehargc in Philadcl]>liia on the 27th of June. 1803. After leaving the service Mr. Hod- man engaged in tiie j)rofession of school teaching during the winter of 1863-64 in tiie State of New York. After the expiration of that time he studied medicine dui'inc: the summer of ISO-t and winter and summer of 1864 and 1865, and in the fall of 1864 (snlisted in the Veteran Reserve Corps, aiul served alxfut fourteen months. In Nov('ml)er, 1865, lie received his discharge, and then took a trip through Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin. In the spring of 1866 Mr. Rodman removed to Minnesota and settled in Goodliue county, where he engaged in farming for nine years. He then went to Red "Wing, Minnesota, where he engaged in the grocery business. In 1881 he sold out and removed to Todd county, Minnesota, and on settling there he bought a home on sec- tions 5 and 8, Renolds township, where he remained for a number of years, engaged successfully in the genei'al farming and stock- raising business. In 1885 he moved to the village of Long Prairie, Todd county-, Min- nesota, where he has since remained, leading a retired life. He is one of the prominent and representative men of the village and countv, and is highly esteemed by all who beai' his acquaintance. Mr. Rodman was united in marriage on the 3d day oC October, 1866, to Miss Pau- line Morris, and this union has been IjJessed with three children, named as follows — Wil- liam, Fred and Pert. Mrs. Rodman is a native of the State of New York and is the daughter of David and Sally (Millington) Mori'is. Mr. Rodman and his family attend the Methodist Episcopal church. The sub- ject of this article has held many offices in his town, including those of assessor, chairman of the l)oard of supervisors and justice of the peace, and is now a mcml)er of the board of health. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity of the village of Long Prairie, and also of the Grand Army of the Republic. -«" ^AUL H. ROISE. The suliject ol' this i?*~ biogr;ii)hical memoir is a resident of the city of Willmar, Kandiyohi county, Minne- sota, where he is engaged in a general merchandising business, in partnership with Hans J. Dale, whose biography will be found in another department of this work. Mr. Roiseis a native of the kingdom of Norway, born on the 21st day of August, 1848. and is thesonof Ilalvorand xVnna M.(Jenson)Roise, also natives of Norway. The father was engaged in the farming, lunibei'ing, and milling business, and was one of Norway's wealthy men. He retired from active life in 1872, and passed away in 1884. The mother is still living. They were the parents of the seven following-named children — David, Gunhild, now Mrs. Davidson of Swift county, Minnesota; John, Paul IL, Ole, Edward and Maren E., now Mrs. Melby of Norway. All are in Norway except our subject and one sister. ]\Ir. Roise, of whom this article treats, remained at home, and attended the excel- lent schools of his native land until he had attained the age of seventeen years. He then emigrated to the United States, and settled in Wisconsin, where he attended the high school at Sparta for some time anil then engaged a position as clerk with O. D. Ran- ' dall, with whom lie remained eight years. At the ex]iiration of that time, in 1874, he removed to Minnesota and located in Will- mar, Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, where he PARK KKGIOA'S OF MIN.SESOTA. 645 entered into partnership with Mr. Dale in the drug and grocer}' business. After con- tinuing that business for ten years they estalihslied theii' present general merchandise business, and have since been engaged in a large and increasing trade. In 1881 they erected their present brick building, one of the finest in the place, in which they have carried on business ever since. They have a large patronage throughout Pope, Swift, Renville, Chipjiewa and Kandiyohi counties and are doing the heaviest business of any fii'ni in the city. Mr. lioise was united in marriage in 1873, to Miss Olena Aniundson, and this union has been blessed with the following-named chil- dren — Ililder A., Tetra O., Mena J. and Edward O. In political matters Mr. Roise is an adherent to the principles of the repub- lican party and is activcl}' interested in that party's compaigns. He is a public-spirited citizen and any laudable home enterprise receives his hearty support. .H^-. Jp)ETER H. KONZEN is one of the lead- J^^ ing attorneys of the village of Hal- lock, Kittson county, Minnesota. lie was boin in Chickasaw county, Iowa, May 27, 18.57. Mr. Konzen's parents were Mathias and Sophia (Conrad) Konzen, both natives of Germany. The parents came to America in 1852, and settled in Chickasaw county, Iowa, where they engaged in farming. The\^ are still living in Iowa. The subject of our sketch lived with his parents on the farm until he was fifteen years of age, and then commenced teaching scliool, following that profession for four years. At nineteen he attended the State ITniversity at Iowa City, where he completed his education. Then, in the summer of 1877, he taught school, and the following winter took a course in Bailey's Commercial College, at Keokuk, Iowa, graduating from that insti- tution in the spring of 1878. That summer he studied law in the office of II. H.Potter, an attorney' of New Hampton, Iowa. In the spring of 1879 he went toWatertown, Dakota, for the purpose of taking Government land, but not being very well pleased with the coun- try, he returned east as far as the town of Sleepy Eye, Minnesota,where he formed a law partnership with L. II. Parker. Here he en- gaged in the active practice of his profession until in October of that year, when, at the ear- nest solicitation of many friends, he returned to Chickasaw count\% Iowa, entering the field as a candidate for the office of county superin- tendent of schools. He made an honorable canvass, ami polled a large vote, but was defeated by a small majority. There were four candidates in the field and defeat by such a small vote was almost victory. ■ At this time he turned his attention to the newspaper business and purchased the office of the Lawler Herald, at Lawler, Iowa, a town on the Chicago, ililwaukee & St. Paul Railroad. For one and a half j'ears he con- tinued the management of this paper, and at the end of that time he concluded to sell out and retui'u to the practice of law. His paper was soon sold and he startetl out to find a good location. He came to the town of Ilallock, and liking the lay of the coun- try, he concluded to renuiin and open a law office. This was in the spring of 1881. Soon after coming to Ilallock he was admitted to practice before the courts of this State, and that fall be was elected to the office of county superintendent of schools of Kitt- son county, which office he held until Jan- uary 1, 1889. Mr. Konzen was married June 10, 1884, to Miss Sarah A. Gillie, a daughter of John and Abigail (McPherson) Gillie, natives of Nova Scotia, also the birth-place of their daughter. Mr. and Mrs. Konzen have been blessed with 646 RED KIVER VALLEY AND two children, tlioir names being Sophia Theodosia and Viva Lenore. Mr. Konzen has been very successful in l)usiness since coniin<;- to Ilallock, and has fapidh' accumulated a considerable amount of property. He owns the finest residence in the village, and also owns two good farms, one of 320 acres, within two miles, and the other consisting of IfiO acres, within four miles of Ilallock. Mr. Konzen has risen rapidly in his profession, and has become the leading lawyer in this part of IVIinnesota. In politics he is a stanch repub- lican, and wields a strong influence among the members of that party, by whom he has been repeatedly elected to office. He is well read and thoroughly equipped for the duties of his profession. As a writer Mr. Konzen wields a trenchant pen, and, notwithstanding his professional duties are onerous and dveep him well employed, he yet finds time to manage the affairs of his farming opera- tions, while some of the ablest articles which grace the local papers are the productions of his pen. At present Mr. Konzen is also the actual, although not the ostensible, editor of the Ilallock Wecldy News, one of the bright- est and most wide-awake local papers in the Red River Valley. John B. KEI.LY, a retired member of the farming community in Wadena county, Minnesota, is a resident of the village of Verndale, where he is engaged in the real (istate business. He is a native of tiie State of Illinois, l)oi'n in Joliet on tiie 2d day of February, 1838, and is the son of Patrick and Mary (Kelly) Kelly, natives of County Ualway, Ireland. The father and mother of our subject removed to "Wisconsin m 1838, where they were among the earliest settlers. They wei'e parents of the following-named children — John B., Thomas B., Henry W., James, Anna, Marie and Delia Kelly. Mr. Kelly, the subject of this article, re- mained in his native city until the .5th of August, 1838, when he removed with his l)arents to ^Milwaukee, "Wisconsin, where he remained about eigliteen years. During that time he attended the excellent common schools in that ])laceand in 18.')6 removed with his family to Madison, Wisconsin, where he remained a few years attending school. He then commenced in life for himself, ami in 1859 removed to Baraboo, Wisconsin, and after remaining there a few yea/rs, engaged in the butchering business, went to Michigan. He settled in Detroit and for fifteen months followed the butcher's trade. At the e.xi)ira- tion of that time he returned to Baraboo, where he worked in tlu; Island Woolen Mills at that place for four or five years, and in 186.5 removed to Iowa. lie settled in Mitchell county and there engaged a position as traveling salesman for the Paragon Woolen Mills. In 1876 he left the road and removed to Minnesota, settling in Akli'ich township, Wadena county. He was among the earliest settleis in the county, and has since been closely identified with t"ne inter- ests of this region. He took a farm two miles south of the village and engaged in general farming and stock-raising. When the town of Vci-ndale was platted our sub- ject, in partnership with a Mr. Raymond, removed into the village aiul opened the first store in Verndale, continuing it foi- a year or two. Since that time Mr. Kelly has devoted his attention to the mercantile busi- ness and farming, and also to the real estate business, in which he is now engaged. lie has extensive property interests in this vicinity, owns a farm of 32() acres in Todd county and a stock farm of 280 acres one mile east of "Verndale. He is one of the most solid and substantial business men of the county. Mr. Kelly was married in Detroit, IMichi- gan, to Miss Sarah Shortt, of Ann Arbor, PARK KEG IONS OF MINNESOTA 647 l\Iichig;in. Mr. and Mrs. Kelly are the parents of one child, now Mrs. Mont Pettit. Mr. Kelly attiliatos with the democratic ])arfy. Any local enterprise receives his hearty sn|)p()rt and he bears the respect and esteem of all who know iiim. He has erected a nnml)er of business houses in the village and has done a great deal to promote the general welfare. ^BEL H. O'DELL, who is engaged ui the general uierchandising l)usiuess in the village of Clarissa, Todd county, ]\Iin- nesota, is one of the leading and representa- tive merchants in the county. He is a native of Ohio, born on the 27th of November, 1834, and is the sou of Jacob G. and Mar- grett O'Dell, natives of Vermont. At the time of our subject's birth his parents were mov- ing to Michigan. Mr. O'Dell, the sulijcct of this biographical sketch, received his education in Wisconsin. When a small boy he had removed from Michigan to Wisconsin. Ilespent thirty-eight yearsof hislifein Wisconsin. Dui'ingthat time he followed .farming principally, although lie was traveling salesman for the Oakfield, Wisconsin, Sash, Door and Blind Factory for eleven years. Up to the age of eighteen years he attended school, and after com- ]ileting his education engaged in farming. In 1S77 he removed to Minnesota and settled in Dodge county, where he followed agri- cuitui'al pursuits for two 3'ears; at the expira- tion of that time he went to Wadena county, Minnesota, and engaged in farming for over two years. In 1881 he went to Todd county, Minnesotii, and located in Clarissa, where he engaged in the general merchandising business, also handling sleighs, cutters, wagons, buggies, wood, etc. He has since followed the business, and now has one of the heaviest stocks in the village. He has a good business, and is one of the successful merchants of the county. Mr. O'Dell was united in marriage on the "Ist of January, 1854, to Miss Malissa Clui})in, wiio died in 1862, leaving three childi'en; Martha being the only one now living. Mr. O'Dell was married to his second wife in Jidy, 1863. She was Miss Mary L. Bucklin, a native of New York. This union has been blessed with two children, the first being- deceased, and Herbei't. Mr. O'Dell is a republican in politics. He is a representa- tive citizen and has held the office of town- ship treasurer. In addition to his store he owns several village lots and a well-cultivated farm of eighty acres on section 20, Eagle Valley township. He is a member of the Odd-Fellows fraternity, and is a citizen highlv esteemed bv all who know him. -•*- /^■^^LE J. BECK, a capitalist, and one who ^^^ has been identified with the hotel business in Wilhnar, Kandiyohi county, Min- nesota, for many years, is a native of the kingdom of Norway. He was born on the liUh of June, 1838, and is the son of John and Engeborg (Engebritson) Beck, natives of Norway. They emigrated to the United States in 1S68, and located in Michigan, where they remained until their death. The father died 1872 and the mother in 1888. They were the parents of eight ciiildren, six now living, named as follows — Caroline, Enge- borg, Ole J., John J., Andrew and Borne, now Mrs. Odin Anderson. Mr. Beck, of whom this article treats, remained in his native land until 1869. His younger days were spent in attending school in his native countr}', and in May, 1869, he emigrated to the United States and located in Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, where he took a tract of Government land of eighty acres, where he remained, engaged in e.vten- 64S RED RIVKR VALLEY AND sive fanning and stock raising operations until 1880. He then moved into the city of Willinar, Kandiyolii county, where he rented tlio Mai'low House for one year, and at the expiration of that time purchased the same, which he has since been identified with. In 1S8G lie erected the IVLcrchants' Hotel, at a cost of 826,000. It is of brick, tiiree stories and basement, steam heated, sample rooms, billiard parlor, barber shop, and all modern improvements. It is one of the best hotels in the Northwest and has the general pat- ronage of the traveling ])ublic. Mr. Eeck is one of the best-known and most prominent business men in the count}^, and has done a great deal to advance the prosperity and welfare of his residence county and city. He is a man of sterling business qualifica- tions and bears the respect and esteem of all who know him. Mr. Beck was niari'ied in 1862 to Miss Lena Hanson, of Norw ay, and a daughter of Hans Hanson, a sailor by occupation. Mrs. Beck passed away on the 5th of December, 1888, and was buried at Willmar. She was an estimable lad}' and was beloved and admired by all for her many virtues. Mr. Beck is a member in the ranks of the prohibition party and was the only person to cast a ballot for St. Joiin in the city. He is one of the soHd and substantial public men of th(> city and is actively interested in all local mattei's. SOMFORT BARNS is engaged in the _ mercantile business in Battle Lake, Otter Tail county. Minnesota. The place of his nativity is Licking county, Oliio, where he was born February 8, 1815. Mr. Barns' parents were Comfort and Cynthia ("Webster) Barns. The mother was a first cousin of the Hon. Daniel Webster, and the father was descended from a noble familv of Irish birth and ancestrv. The father settled in Ohio before the War of 1812, and built the first house in the town of Delaware. The ))ai'ents are both dead. The subject of our sketch remained at home under parental authority until he was thir- teen years of age, and at that time com- menced to work on the Ohio and Erie Canal. He continued at work on tlie canal during that season, and then returned home and bought his time from his father for seven hundred and fifty dollars, after which ho went to the Erie and Hocking Canal, where he began work buildin"- locks. He Iniilt seven large canal locks, and worked in tliis line of business for two years. At the end of this time he concluded to change his busi- ness, and, going to Cohinibus, Ohio. engaged in making brick for a firm l)y the name of Gill & Atchinson. Continuing in this line for two \'ears he then came westward, stop- ping in Burlington, Iowa, where he remained four years, and during which time he was enoaged in building and contracting. He built a large court house and jail in that cit\'. Leaving Burlington he went to Galena, Illinois, where he engaged in mason work and brick-making until the spring of 1840. He then came to St. Paul, Minnesota, by wa\' of a steamer on the Mississip|)i river,and on the same boat were Governor Ilamsey and family. Mr. Barns remained in St. Paul for about four yeai's, and during tliat time put u[) a good many business liuildings. He built the first stone store in St. Paul, for a man by the name of Simpson. Fi-om St. Paul he went to Scott county, to the place where Shakopee is now located. He Imili the court house and jail in that city, and ])ut u}) most of the stone and brick houses there. He was appointed one of the county commission- ers by Governor Kamse\', and was afterward elected by the people. While in Shakopee he ran a large brick yard until the time of the war with the Indians. May 7, 1864, he started with Sully's e.\])edition of 123 wagons PAKK' KKGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 649 to cross the ])liiins to the Rocky mountains. After spending two 3'ears and three months among the mountains, mainly for his health he returned to Shakopee and settled on his farm. In 1880 he removed to Otter Tail county, Minnesota, and purchased a farm on the shores of Otter Tail lake. After seven years of farm life he concluded to move to Battle Lake, to which phice he went and engaged in mercantile business. Mr. Barns was married in 1835 to Mary Decamp, a native of New York. This union was blessed with seven children. Three of tiie sons served their country in the War of the Rebellion, and one of them was killed in the service. One son was drowned in the northern part of the State. One son and two daughters are living at present. Mr. Barns, in spite of his years, is a thrifty, energetic, business man, and occupies a promi- nent j)lace in the esteem of his fellow-towns- men. He is a leading member of the Methodist church, and also belongs to the I. O. O. F. fraternity. He was one of the charter members of the first I. O. O. F. lodge in the State of Minnesota. In politics lie affiliates with the republican party, of whose principles he has always been a stanch defender. Mr. Barns has had a wide experience, extending over a large territory of country, and having contact with many men of many minds, and coming down to this time in life, he now enjoys many lilessings brought by a useful and well- spent career. #EORGE S. WATTAM, M.D., the pres- ent county physician of Marshall county. Minnesota, is a resident of the village of Warren, where he is engaged in a large and rapidly increasing medical practice. He is a native of Canada, born in Prince Edward county, Ontario, Dominion of Canada, on the 10th of July, 185fi, and is the son of William and Mary (Groom) Wattam, natives of England and Canada, respectively. Dr. Wattam, the subject of this article, remained at home, working on the farm and attending public school until January, 1871, when he entered a course of study at Albert College, Bellville, where lie remained one year, when he was compelled to give up collegiate work on account of ill-health. He then returned to the home fai'm, and after assisting his father for a year or two returned to Albert College, where he gradu- ated with the degree of A. B. in four years. After graduation he began the studv of medicine in Toronto, where he attended lectures at the Toi'onto School of Medicine and the Toronto General Hospital. He took his medical examinations at Victoria Uni- versity, from which he graduated with the degree of M. D. and C. M., in May, 188-1. In August, 1884, he emigrated to the States and settled in Warren, Marshall county, Minnesota, where he has since remained, activeh' engaged in clinical work. He is well known and popular throughout the county, and gives the best of satisfaction in his professional duties. He has held the office of county physician for four years, during which time he has had an assistant for three years. In December, 1887, Dr. Wattam was uni- ted in marriage in Polk county, Minnesota, to Miss Emma White, a native of Wisconsin and the daughter of Charles S. and Ricardo (Sherbourne) White, natives of Vermont and Maine, respectively. The doctor and his estimable wife have been iilessed b}' one child — Charles Clinton. Our subject is a member of the Warren Lodge, No. 150, A. F. «fe A. M. In political matters he is an adherent to the principles of the republican party, and is actively interesteil in all local movements. He has a host of friends in Warren and vicinity, and is highly esteemed bv all who know him. 650 RED A'/VF.K VALLEY AXD JOSEPH PREVOST is a well-to-do farmer residing on section 17, township 136, range 48, Roberts townsiiij), "Wilkin count}', Minnesota. Here lie owns 100 acres of land which lie bought in ISTfi for $1,250. Ninety acres are under cultivation. He has good farm buildings and trees of his own plant- ing. Mr. Prevost was born in the Province of Quebec, Canada, on tiie 3(ith day of March, 1812. He is n son of Josei)li and Mary (Cornell) Prevost. The parents are of French descent and natives of Canada. The father died in Canaaired in farming. Her gramlfather was Orasmus Holmes, a native of Massachusetts and a soldier in the Revolution. He enlisted under Col. EtJian Allen, was pi'csent at the taking of Ticonderogaand Crown Point, and was afterward transfei'red to Arnold's regi- ment. He was taken" prisoner in the battle of Quebec, and after his release returned to the States and enlisted under General Put- nam. He was finally honorably disciiarged, and settled in Chautauqua county. New York, in 1804, where, he purchased 3,000 acres of land, including the present site of the village of Fredonia. Afterward he moved to Oil io. This was in 1S15. He died in Millersljui'g, Holmes county, Ohio, in 1828. The lather and mother of our sub- ject were the jmrents of the following PAKA' KF.GIOXS OF M/.V.VESOTA . 655 named cliildren — Mary S., Alvin H., Charles P., Helen S., Lucy, Zetoles and Ilosmer II.. all but one of whom are now living. Ml'. Wilcox, the suljject of tliis bio- grapliical review, remained at home until he had attained the age of twenty-one years. During that time he attended school and assisted his father operate the home farm. At the age of twent\'one he left home and commenced in life for himself. He went to Newark, Oliio, where he worked in a manu- factory for two years. In the fall of 1857 he was appointed county surveyor of Lick- ing county, Oliio, serving eighteen months. In tlie spring of 1859 he obtained the posi- tion of mining engineer of Coshocton county, Ohio, and remained there until the war broke out. In 18G1 he organized a com])any for the Twent\'sixth' Ohio Kegiment, and enlisted himself. They went to Columbus, but were i-ejected- for having too great a nuinber of men at camp. Our subject then went to Chicago, Illinois, where he joined a compan}' of engineers and bridge builders, but they were disbanded shortly after they arrived. Mr. Wilcox then went to Steamboat Rock, Iowa, and engaged in the profession of a school teacher during the winter of 1861 -62. In the spring of 1802 he went to Dakota Territory, and located on the present site of Elk Point. In one week the river overflowed a few miles above him, drowning two settlers, whicli so discouraged him that he took the first steamboat going to Fort Benton. He went up the Missouri river to the Rocky mountains and was beyond any white habitation. When he reached Fort Benton he learned of the gold mines which were being discovered in the West and at once became tired with the idea of prospecting. He, in com]iany with about a dozen others crossed the Rock\' mountains to Gold creek, into Montana, then Washington Territory, where they found seven miners searching for gold. Our subject, with his jiai'tner, Patrick Owens, took the first claims and were among the first ten men who ever mined in Mon- tana. One of the party was Ex-Governor Samuel Ha user, and another Graville Stew- art, afterward first presiilent of the First National Bank at Helena, and now the president of the Montana Cattle Company. The location of their mining efforts was about ten miles from where the golden spike of the Northern Pacific Railroad was driven twenty-one yeai's afterward. Their efforts proved unavailing, for gold was not found in paying quantities, and when their jirovi- sions became scarce foui' of the partj^, our subject included, started for Walla Walla, which was the nearest settlement they knew of, being 450 miles distant. Their provisions soon gave out, and for three or four da3's they lived on fish and June-berries. They finally arrived at the Indian agency, Joco, where they recruited for a day or two. Our subject decided to remain and work on the Government farm, and the others resumed their journey. He remained there until the 13th of October, 1862, and then started for the Milk River country on the east side of the Rocky mount- ains, alone, with three horses. His purpose was to trap during the winter. After trav- eling for four days he met an emigrant train, under Captain Fisk, the first party of emigrants who ever crossed the plains from Minnesota, and three men from this com pany joined our subject ujjon his return. While stopping to hunt a few days, neai where the city of Helena now stands, a Blackfoot Indian stole one of the horses, and, although they shot and wounded him and recaptured the horse, the Indian escaped. On arriving at Fort Benton they learned that the Indian had oi'ganized a war party' to pursue them. On account of the trouble with the Indians they finally decided to give u|) their hunting and trapping jjroject, and went u}) in the Rock}' mountains, on the t 656 KKD KIVER VALLEY AND Prickly Pear river, remaining tiiere all winter. Tiie simple narration of their priva- tions and hardships can not convey to the inind their meaning. They were sixty miles from ii iiuman i)eing and 500 miles fi-om a postoffice. Our subject remained in this out-of-the-way place for two years, during which time he was engaged in mining, and claims the honor of o])ening and operating the first gold mines within one hundred miles of Helena. For (me period oi tive weeks they had notliing Init meat to live on, and our subject went sixty nnles in the dead of winter to secure a little flour, paying thirty cents a pound for it. During that journey he did not see a single house, and his bed was made with a blanket, with the snow for a mattress. In October, 1863, the few miners held a genei'al election in the camp, and a Jiarty came one hundred nnles to inform them that it was election day. While on the way an Indian stole his horse, but he follow(Hl him, shot him, secured his horse, and resumed his journey, but did not arrive until (nening, so they voted bj' candle light, using an old hat for a ballot l)ox. 'I'iiei'e were twelve votes cast, whicli included all the voters east of tiie Pocky mountains, one hundred] miles fi'oin where Helena now stands, and it was the first election ever held in Montana. On the 15th of August, 1864, Mr. Wilcox started back for Ohio, eointr bv way of Salt Lake City, 500 miles in a mule wagon, and thence to Denver, a distance of 000 miles, in a stage in six days and six nights. Mr. W'ilcox says that that stage trij) was the most severe journey he ever made. On arri ving at Denver all travel to the States was sus- pended on account of Indian hostilities. After remaining three weeks in Denver he went to Omaha with a train of returning miners. Just before they arrived in Onuilia they passed the first graders at woi'k on the Union Pacific Railroad, a gang of fifty squaws. This was in October, 1804. Our subject then went across Iowa in a stage, and thence to Ohio, and in the following spring went to Pennsylvania, on account of the oil excitement. There he followed land surveying for six months, and then obtained the position of first assistant engineer for tlie Oil Creek Pailroad Company, work- ing in that capacity' for six montiis, until the com])letion of the road. He then specu- lated in the oil territory, and was unfoi'- tunate in losing all he had. He then worked on the Alleghany river and in the })ine woods for eighteen months. In the s]iring of 1808 he went down that I'iver and the Ohio on a raft of lumber, on his way back to the West. He secured a position as civil engineer on a branch of the Chicago, Pur- lington & Quincy Railroad, and remained until the road was completed. From Chicago he went to St. Louis, Missouri, and obtained the position of deput\' citv engineer, working as such for six months. The climate not agi-eeing with him, in August, 1800, he removed to Minnesota, and in Sei)teml)er landed in St. Paul with only i^-l: in his pocket. From there he went to Still- water, and foi' some time worked in a saw- mill, tlien engaging in the j^rofession of school-teachina'. In the next August he came to the Red River Valley as United States surveyor, and during that summer and the succeeding fall and winter surveyed through Becker, Clay and Wilkin counties. Taking a fancy to Becker county he decided to settle there, and has since been promi- nently identified with the official history of the countv. He has since been encra";cd more or less in surveying, and in 1871 home- steaded 100 acres of land in Detroit town- ship, where he settled and commenced to make improvements. In 1871 he was elected county surveyor, and re-elected in 1873. In 1875 he was elected county treasurer, which position he held six years. He then was elected to the county auditor's office, which PARIC REGIONS OF MINNESO TA 657 lie filled five years. For two years he was chief engineer of the Fargo & Southern Eail- road. He piirchasetl 4-,000 acres of timber land and has since been engaged in the lunilxM' business. He employs fifteen hands and is doing (juite an extensive business. lie owned a mill on the Otter Tail river, but in July, ISSS, it was destroyed by fire. He has always been actively interested in the local interests of the northern part of the State. Mr. Wilcox was united in marriage on the 15th day of February, 1859, to Miss Mary E. Hannahs, a native of Ohio and the daugh- ter of Samuel and Kachael (Paign) Hannahs, natives of Licking county, Ohio. Our sub- ject is a republican in his political affiliations and one of the prominent and representative men of the countv. ;^HARLES H. BOND, a prosperous and ^y successful farmer of Todd county, Minnesota, is a resident of section 13, Wyke- ham township, where he is engaged in a general farming and stock-raising business. He is a native of New York State, born in Ashford, Cattaraugus county, New York, on the 29th of July, 1 839, and is the son of Sul- livan and Maria (Coffrin) Bond, also natives of the Empire State. The parents came to Minnesota in 1855, and settled in Good- hue county, Minnesota, where the father died in 1876. He was a farmer through life. The mother is still living. They were the parents of the followingchildren — Charles H., John, Sarah, Caroline, Andrew, Orlando, Emigene and Elizabeth. Mr. Bond, the subject of this biography, received his educati(in in his native State, attending school until he was sixteen years of age. He remained at home until he was twenty-two years old, and during that time helped on the home farm. In 1855 he removed to Minnesota A;vith his parents, and settled in Goodhue county. He remained there, engaged in farming, imtil about 1865, when he removed to Faribault county, Min- nesota. After a six-years' sojourn in that locality, engaged in farming, he went to Blue Earth county, Minnesota, where he remained seven years. In 1881 he moved to Todd county, Minnesota, and located on section 13, Wykeham township, where he has since remained. He was among the first to settle in the township. He helped lay out the town site of Eagle Bend in the spring of 1882. He is extensively engaged in general farming and stock-raising, and has a well- cultivated farm of 120 acres in Wykeham township and 160 acres in Germania town- ship. In connection with his agricultural pursuits he is actively engaged in the real estate business, also the meat market busi- ness. Mr. Bond was married January' 7, 1860, to Miss Minerva Ridgway, and this union has been blessed with five children, named John S., Frank B., Dora E., Lavinia and Harry (deceased). All are married except Frank. Mr. Bond is a republican in his political affiliations. The family belong to the Seven Day Adventist church. Mr. Bond was supervisor in Faribault county for three years. Special mention should be made of his war record. He enlisted in December, 1865, in the First Minnesota Heavy ArtUlery, and received his honorable discharge at Nashville, Tennessee. He was stationed at Chattanooga, Tennessee. He was under Colonel Baxter, and after his discharge returned to Faribault county, ]\[innesota. He is a representative man of Todd county, and is highlj' esteemed by all who know him. He is a member of the Grand Armj' of the Eepublic, and also of the Odd-Fellows fraternity. He has identified himself with all movements of a local nature, and is a man of the utmost honor and integrity. 658 RED mVER VALLEY AND J^RANK C. FIELD, the present incum- -L'^ bout of the office of county auditor of Wadena county, Minnesota, is a resident of tiie vilhif^e of "Wadena, where he is engaged in his official worlv, also carries on a loan, collection and insurance agency. He is a native of the State of Wisconsin, born in Prescott, on the 26th day of September, 1857, and is the son of Truman and Abbie (Bailey) Field, natives of Vermont and New Ilanipsiiirc. The fatlier of our subject was engaged in the general merchandising busi- ness in Prescott for a number of years and was ]irominent in politics in that section. The fatiier and motiier of our subject are the parents of the following-named children — Jesse S. Field, an attorney, and Maud C. Field, both residing at Prescott, and our subject. Mr. Field, of whom this article treats, grew up to manhood in his native State and received his general education in his native town. During his ''off " hours from sciiool work he worked in his father's store, and afterward was clerk for two large mer- chandise concerns in Prescott. In 1877 he removed to St. Paul, Minnesota, and entered the commercial college of Bryant and Strat- ton, remaining one year. In 1878 he secured a position in the dr}' goods store of Aur- baucli, Finch, Culi)ertson & Co., of St. Paul. .\fter being witli tlicin a short time he was employed by them to dispose of old and bankrupt stocks, and remained with tiiem until May, 1879, his last work being inYcrn- dale, Minnesota, where he took charge of a I)aJikrupt st(jciv. In February, 188U, he removed to AVadena to assume the official position of auditor, having been elected to tluit office in 1879. At one time he luid charge of the books of the Bank of Good- ner & Co., and in 1883 helped to establish the Dower Lake Lumber Company, and remained in connection with them until 1885. lie then formed a partnership with T. F. Ostrander, in the i-eal estate, insurance :ind loan business,which continued until February, 1888. Since then our subject has carried on the business iilone and is having good success, lie still holds his official jjosition and dis- charges the duties devolving upon that office with satisfaction to all jiarties concerned. lie is a member of the Wadena Lodge, A. F. tt A. M., also of the Ancient Order of United Worlcmen. He is one of the representative citizens of the county and is highly esteemed by all who know him. In ))olitical matters he affiliates with the republican ]iarty. «^^ J|^ON. NELS QUAM, the subject of oui X''"^ present ai'ticle, is the rei)i'esentativ€ our pi'esentative from Kandiyohi county in the lower house of the Minnesota legislatui'e, and is a resi- dent of section 30, Lake Andrew townshi|), Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, lie well deserves aiipro[)riate mention in a work devoted to the prominent men of Northern Minnesota, as he is one of the leading repub- licans in the county in which he lives, and is highly esteemed both as aman and exemplary citizen. He is a native of Minnesota, but as his parents were born in Norway he s])rings from the same race which has furnished the Northwest with so manv of its most valuable citizens — a race proverbial for integrity, frugality and economy. The parents of our subject were John Nelson and Anna (^Thomp- son) Quam, who were married in Norway in 1852. They came to America in 1854-, land- ing at Quebec, and proceeding at once to Koskenong, Wisconsin. There they carried on a farm and remained until 1850, when they came to Minnesota, and the father took a pre-emption in Havana township, Steele county, where Nels, our subject, first saw the light. In 1878 the father sold out and removed to Kandiyohi county, Min- nesota, where he purchased a farm in Lake PARK' REGIONS OF MINNESOTA 659 Andrew township, wliere they still reside. The parents had a I'aniih^ of eleven children, only live of whom, however, are now living. Nels Qnam, whose name heads this article, was born February 16, 1859, in Havana, Steele county, Minnesota, as above indicated, lie spent his boyhood there, at work on the home farm, and his educational advantages were limited until after he had attained the age of eighteen years. After that period he attended school for two years in Minne- apolis, and extensive reading has ripened his knowledge so that lie is a well-read and well-posted man on all public questions. He has since lived on the home farm, and had general charge of the business. He has always taken an active and prominent part in all public matters, and is one of the lead- ing citizens in the locality in which he lives. He has held various local positions, and in 1888 was elected to represent Kandiyohi county in the house of representatives, by a large majority', and is now filling that posi- tion with ability. He was the principal factor in organizing the local Farmer's Insur- ance Company at his home and is president of the same. He is also president of the Farmer's Alliance. Nels Quam was married on the 12th of Octol)er, 1879, to Anna Augusta Mankel, and they are the jiareuts of five children as fol- lows — Andrew, William, Edward, Stella and Oscar. Mrs. Quam was born at Northfield, Minnesota, December 2-1, 1863. ♦«- -«»► J. HILL, )ne of the dentists of the lied River Valley, is a resident of Fargo. He is the son of Ephraim and Mary M. (Reed) Hill, natives of New York. He was born in Caton, Steuben county, New York, May 3, 1846, where he remained until he was fifteen years old, when he went to the Corning Free Academv, attending winters and working on the farm at home during summer months. This he continued for two yeai'S, when he enlisted in Compaiiy F, One Hundi-ed and Fort3'-tirst New York Volunteer Infantry, September 14, 1864, and served until June 26, 1865. His regiment was in several engagements, but at that time our subject was on detached duty, and did not partici- pate. After being honorably discharged he returned home and remained one 3'ear, when he resumed his studies and attended school at Bath, New York, for some time, after which he taught one term of school. He afterward went to St. Joseph, Michigan, and ran a stationary engine in a brickyard, and also worked in a saw-mill, and did all kinds of mill work, excejit head sawyer. After being in this work about two years he then went to Ovid, New York, and attended the seminary there one year, when he went to the Genesee "Wesleyan Seminary, at Lima, New York, where he was taken sick. After his recovery he studied medicine for two years at Ovid, and in that time attended two courses of lectures at Cleveland, Ohio, and graduated there from the Homeopathic Hospital College in the S])ring of 1872. He then went to Waterloo, New York, remaining some six months, when he went to Franklin, Pennsylvania, where he practiced for one year and a half; going then to La Mars, Iowa, remaining a shoi-t time, when he went to Cherokee, Iowa, where he practiced several years. Dr. Hill came to Fargo, March 25, 1878, and engaged in dentistry, having studied dentistry when in Iowa. He is president of the Territorial board of dental examiners, and secretary of the Northwestern Dental Association, also treasurer of the Methodist Episcopal church and Sunday-school, and an active worker in all moral and educational matters. He has served as president of the board of education of the city of Fargo for two terms. Mr. Hill was married in Geneva, 66o RED RIVER VALLEY AND New York, February 2. 1872, to Miss Anna Sowies, M. D., daiigliter of Steplien B. and Lurancy (Reynolds) Sowies, natives of Ver- mont. Mrs. Hill studied medicine in Florence, New Jerse}', in Trails llygeo-Tlierapeutic Institute, where she graduated, after which she attended the Homeopathic Hospital Col- lege at Cleveland, Ohio, where she again graduated, and has since graduated at the Hahnemann Medical College in Chicago. Mrs. Hill has only followed her profession at intervals. Their union has been blessed with five children — Alice M., Agnes L., Mary, Edith L. and Ernest S. Mr. and Mrs. Hill are membei's of the Methodist church. He was lay delegate from the North Dakota annual conference, to the general con- ference at Xew York City in May, 18S8, and is one of the leading members of that societ\' at Fargo. He is an active member of the Masonic fraternity, past master of the Blue Lodge, and high priest of the Chapter. He is chaplain of John F. Reynolds Post, G. A. R., No. 44-., of Fargo, Dakota Territory. -<►► I^UCIUS E. STINEHOUR, a prominent 11^^ merchant of Wadena county, Minne- sota, is engaged in the general merchan- dising business in the village of "Wadena. He is a native of Vermont, born in West- ford, on the 12th of Julv, 1852, and is the son of Mr. J. C. and Mrs. D. A. Stinehour, natives of Verinont. The father and mother of our subject were the parents of tlie fol- lowinti-named chiklren — Lucius E., Homer E. and Jesse B. Mr. Stinehour, the subject of this bio- grai)hical article, remained at Westford, Vermont, until three years of age, when his parents moved to Johnson, Vermont. He remained there attending the excellent com- mon schools of that place until he was twentv vears of age. He then removed to Essex Junction, Vermont, where he secured employment in a drug store for aljout seven years. At the expiration of thiit time lie removetl to Minnesota and settled at Wadena, where he lias since remained with the excep- tion of a year's trip in the State of Oregon: In 1879 he settled in Wadena and opened the first drug store in the village. In the last two years the subject of this article has gradually been working out of the drug business, and has devoted the greater part of his time to his general merchandise depart- ment. During the first four or five years there was no other store of that class in the village. He is one of the prominent and successful business men in the village and count}', and Ijcars the respect and good-will of all who know him. He carries a full line of fancy groceries and dry goods and has a large and increasing trade. Mr. Stinehour was united in mai'riage on the 25th of February, 1879, to Miss Kittie Beach, and this union has been Ijlessed with two children — Maud G. and Hugh B. Mrs. Stinehour passed away from the scenes of earth on the 13th of February, 1887, sin- cerely mourned b\' all who knew her. Mr. Stinehour is interested in all of the move- ments of the republican party and is an act- ive participant in all movements of a local natui'e. aMaANS J. DALE, of the firm of Dale *.t -lr3L Roise, leading merchants, of Willmar, Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, settled in that l)lace ill 1874, and commenced business, hand- ling drugs, groceries, dry goods, clothing, carpets, boots, shoes, hats, caps, etc., in part- nership with Paul H. Roise, whose biography will be found in another department of this Album. Mr. Dale was born in Norway, on the 16th of November, 1849, and is the son of Jorgen and Martha (Larson) Dale, also natives of that kingdom. The mother died PAKA- REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 66l in 1853, and the father, who was a farmer, emigrated to the United States in 1860, and settled in Vernon county, Wisconsin, where he engawd in farmino:, owning; a fine tract comprising 360 acres of land. Later he sold this farm to his son Peter J., and is now owner of the well-known Willmar Farm, two miles northeast of the cit}^, compi'ising about 800 acres. He is living witli liis son Peter J. on this farm. The father has always voted the republican ticket. He and his wife belong to the Luthei'an church. Peter .1., tiie bi'other of our subject, while in Wis- consin was a member of the State legisla- ture and held various important offices of his county. The parents of our subject had a family of the following-nanied children — Annie, now Mrs. Peter Goldberg; Peter J., who is living on the Willmar Farm ; and Hans, the subject of this sketch. Hans J. Dale, of whom tiiis article ti'eats, emigrated to this count}' when he was ten years old. Until he was seventeen years old he remained on tlie home farm and attended the district schools of the county. At the age of seventeen years he entered the school in Sjiarta, Wisconsin, where he remained three years, tiien engaging as drug- clerk for O. F. IS'ewton of that place, with whom he remained six years. In 187-1 he removed to Willmar, Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, where he engaged in partnership witii Mr. Poise, in the drug and grocerv business. The}' continued in that business until 1884, when they put in a full line of general goods, as before stated. They are among the leading and successful merchants of the village, and are doing an extensive business. In 1876 he erected his fine resi- dence on LitciiHeld avenue, one of the finest places in the city. He is one of the stock- holders in the Willmar Bank, and is also a directoi' of the same. He also owns an inter- est in the town site of Britton, Marshall county, Dakota Territory. Mr. Dale was united in marriage in 1874, to Miss Adrine Seierstud, who died January 11, 1879. Our subject married, for his second wife. Miss Martha Iverson, the daughter of J. H. Iverson, of Martell, Wisconsin. Mr. Dale is a republican in his political affilia- tions, and is actively interested in all local matters. He is a member of the board of education, and is one of the prominent and representative business men of the county. He is a man of the strictest honor and integ- ritv, and is highly esteemed and respected bv all who know him. -*" ^R. J. FRANK LOCKE. Prominent ^ among the medical practitioners of Todd count}', Minnesota, is the gentleman whose name heads this article, and a resident of the village of Pillsbury, where he is extensively engaged in clinical work. He is a native of the State of New Hampshire, born in Ossipee on the 27th day of April, 1844, and is the son of James and Mary (Townsend) Locke, natives also of the State of New Hampshire. The father of our sub- ject was a nuister builder by trade, and remained in his native State until 1860, when the family removed to Maine. The father died in 1884 and the mother passed away the same j'ear. They were the parents of the following-named children — Jacob T., Simon J., AVilliam P., J. Frank, Arvilla V., Charles A. and Ida B. Dr. Locke, the subject of this biographical article, spent his school-days in New Hamp- shire and Maine, attending school until he had attained the age of seventeen years. He then commenced the studv of medicine in Ilollis, Maine, but, before finishing his medical education, responded to President Lincoln's call for " 300,000 more," and, on the 2d day of June, 1862, enlisted in the Sixteenth Maine Infantry, and served until 662 RED KIVER VALLE Y AND 1864, when lie received an honorable dis- chai'ge, by special act of President Lincoln, who knew that the father and four sons all enlisted in one conipan\', and all were killed or disabled but J. F. He was offered the position of captain, but refused. He served ill the battles of Antietam and Fredericks- liiiry, beside many skii'inislies. Our subject was wounded at the battle of Fredericksburg, anil, ill c()ns('(|iience of which, was con- fined to the hospital of ^laredian, Washing- ton City, District of Cohiiiil)ia, for six months. After liis discharge he returned to his father's, in Maine, where for three years he was an almost liolpless invalid from diseases contracted in the service. After recovering his health he studied theology under private tutors, and then entered the Free Baptist Theological Semi- nary at New Hampton, New Hampshire. His first charge was at Wolfboro, New Hampsliire. He was ordained at South Berwick, Maine, June 15, 1870, where he served two years. He then accepted a call to Amesbury, Massachusetts, where he remained five years as a Free Baptist min- ister. Ho then accepted a call to Laconia, New Haiiiiishire, where he remained one year, and tlicn on account of ill-health was obliged to give up ministerial lalior. He then began to make use of his medical edu- cation, and in 1S78 removed to Minnesota and commenced to practice under the State laws. He is now one of the largest land- owners ill Todd county, ^Minnesota, and for a period of six years was engaged in the mercantile business in the village of Pills- bury in connection with his clinical work. In 1888 he erected the roller mills in the vil- lage, and is now the proprietor of the same. He is extensively engaged in the practice of medicine, and is one of the most successful physicians in this region. Dr. Locke was married in September, 1868, to Miss Etta Ilemick, and this union has been blessed with two children, named as follows — Grace and Allie, the latter now deceased. Mrs. Locke passed away from the scenes of earth to her final reward in 1873. Mr. Locke was married September 23, 1878, the second time, to Miss Annie Pease, a native of Maine, and the daughter of "Winthrop Pease, a contractor of J\[aine. Dr. Locke and his familv belonji' to the Free Baptist ciuirch. The doctor is one of the esteemed citizens of this locality, and has iield tlie offices of president of the village council, member of the board of trustees, etc. He is a member of the Itoyal Arch Masons and also of the Grand Army of the Eepublic. He is one of the most successful ph\'sicians in the county, and commands a large and increasing practice. As a jmblic speaker Dr. Locke takes high rank, and, when in the East, had all the engagements in lyceum courses he could fill, receiving larae pecuniary rewards. A stanch republican in politics, every poUtical campaign finds him at the front. He is also a constant contrib utor to the leading papers and magazines of the countrv, and derives no inconsiderable income from his facile pen. His more noted publications, " Fun in Camp,"' '• Evenings in Camp" and •' A Trip to the Yellowstone" have delighted thousands of readers. -«" J^UON. JOHN WAIT, who is engaged in -Lr3l. the milling business in the village of Long Prairie, Todd county, Minnesota, is a native of Canada. He was born on the 8th day of December, 1841, and is the son of Alexander and Eii]ihenna (Colburn) Wait, natives of Scotlanil. They emigrated to Canada at an early day and settled in county Kent. The father was a ship carpenter by trade and died in 1872. The father and mother of our subject were the parents of two r.lRK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 663 children — John, the present subject, and Anna, who is now Mrs. George Gray, of Dodge county, Minnesota. IMr. Wait, the subject of tliis biograpliical memoir, remained in liis native hind until he had attained the age of twelve years. During th;it time he attended tlie excellent common schools of his native countr\', and at the age mentioned removed to Detroit, Michigan. He remained there two years and then went to the northei'n shore of Lake Huron, where he remained five years, engaged in fishing. In 1862 Mr. Wait removed to Minnesota and settled in Minneapolis. Shortly after settling- there he enlisted in the Sixth Minnesota Infantry and served until lSt35, when in August he received his honorable discharge. Tiie })i'iucipal battle he participated in was Wood Lake, and he was with both of the Sibley expeditions. While in one of these expeditions he was an eye witness of a most singular phenomenon. One of the soldiers vras killed by lightning. On the day on which it transpiretl there was a cloudless sky and no appearance of a storm. He was also in Canby's expedition from N5w Orleans to Mobile, and engaged in the last battle of the war, Blakley, in May, 1865. After the close of tiie war Mr. Wait went to Todd county, Minnesota, and located in the township of Hartford, and took land on which he proved up and resided for five j'ears. At the expira- tion of that time he removed to the village of Long Prairie, and ensaoed in the general mercantile business in partnership with Chandler & Fishei'. After following that business for ten or twelve years, during which time he was also engaged in the wheat business, Mr. Fisher sold his interest and Mr. Wait continued one year in partnership with Mr. ('handler. He then purchased the flouring mill and has since operated it, being sole proprietor. The mill has a cajjacity of fifty barrels per day and is doing an extensive business. Mr. Wait was married October 29, 1871, to Miss Emma Chandler, a native of Indiana and educated in Minnesota. Mr. and Mrs. Wait have been blessed with the following- named children — Melvin S., Florence N., Koscoe C, Pearl, Carlton, Paul and jSTellie. Mr. Wait was elected in 1876, as representa- tive from the fort}' -first senatorial district, and served one term in the State legislature. He is a republican in ])olitics and is a re]>re- sentative man in the locality in which he lives. Is^sFlLLlAM GILGER, the proprietor of the Willmar brewery, Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, settled in that place in 1878, where he erected the brewery on the shores of Foot lake and has since remained. He is a native of tlie kingdom of France in Alsace, which with Lorraine became a part of the German Empire in 1871. He was born in 1850, and is the son of George and Catharine (Keiffer) Gilger, also natives of that locality. The father was engaged in the pottery busi- ness during active life, and a few years before his death, which occurred in 1859, led a retired life. Tlie mother is still living in her native land. The ]iarents of our subject wei'e blessed with the three following-named chil- dren — George, Catharine and William, the subject of this sketch. Ml'. Gilgei", of whom this article treats, received a fine education in his native land, and after leaving school engagetl in the bank- ing business for twoyears. At the expiration of that time he entered the mercantile busi- ness, and for the succeeding seven years had a larc-e retail and wholesale trade. While in his native land he acquired a knowledge of the brewing business, although he did not follow that occupation while tliere. In 1873 he emig-rated to the United States and located in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he followed 664 RED RIVER VALLEY A KfD the brewing business, in partnership with William Constans, for five3'ears. In 1S78 he stjld out antl i-enioved to Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, where he purchased eleven acres of land in Willmar, where he built his resi- dence and brewery at an expense of sl."'),00(>. lie now has one of the largest establishments in that region, employing five men, and is doing- a heav}' business throughout this and adjoining counties. Mr. Gilger was united in marriage in 1876 to Miss Harriette Lambrecht, of St. Paul, Miimnesota, and the daughter of Franz and Henrietta (Schleif) Lambrecht. Mr. and Mrs. Gilger have been blessed with one child — Stella IT. In political matters our subject is indi'iiendent, reservin';: the rioht to vote for the best candidate regardless of party lines. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odil-Fellows, and also the Sous of Herman, of St. Taul. He is one of the prominent and substantial business men of Willmai', and is a man of integrity and honor, his word being considered as "ood as a bond. -«•-; -^^ ^ARVEY E. MUSSEY, the editor and ])roprietor of the Warren (Minne- sota) Sheaf, is one of the best-known news- paper men in the Red River Valley. A trenchant, ready writer, a thorough printer, a capable business man and a hard worker, he is meeting with merited success, and is ali'eady recognized as one of the most forcible editorial writers in the northern part of the State. Mr. Mnssey was born in Romeo, Macondj county, Michigan, March IS, 18-10, and is the son of Hon. Dexter and l.ydia (Russell) ^[ussey. The parents were both natives of Connecticut, and ai-e still living in Armada, Michigan. In October, 1886, thev celebrated their golden wedding, and on this occasion four generations were represented, and. strange to say, not a single death had ever occurred in any of the families rcpie- sented. Harvey K., at the time of the cele- bration, slept in the house where he was born, antl his parents still occupied the room where his birth occurred. Harvey's father, Hon. Dexter Mussey, is a lawyei-, and a man who has been prominently identi- fied with the political and oHicial history of Michigan, having served several terms in the State legislature, and was speaker of the house for several years. He is still actively engaged in practice. Harvey E. Mussey, whose name heads our present article, remained at home attendino: school until he was eighteen, when he commenced learning the printer's trade in the office of the Romeo Ohserver, where he remained for about eighteen months. At the expiration of that time he engaged in various occupations, such as working in the mills and pineries, until 1881. A portion of this time was spent at his trade, but most of it was in "roughing it" in the woods. In August, ISSl, he arrived in Fargo, Dakota Territoi-y, and went to work at farming. On the 10th of November he went to Glyndon, and became foreman in the office of the litil River Valleij Neios, for L. Osborn, where he remained until February, 1882. He then went to Minneapolis and followed his trade until the following A|)i-il.wlienhewentbackto Fargo and engaged on the farm where he li;id previously worked. About the middle (jf November we find him at jMoorhead, where he worked in the J^ews office, and two months later went to the Xcws at Glyndon. ]\\ the s[)ring of 1883 he went to Ransom county, Dakota Territory, ami spent the summer on a claim which he had previously filed upon. He proved \\\^ on the claim, but has since lost it on a tax title. In the fall he went back to Glyndon and worked in the Red River Valley JVeics office again until March, PARK REGJQNS OF MINNESOTA. 665 ISSfi, when he went to Fargo, and was there employed on the Argus nntil tlie office was burned, a few weeks later, after which he worked in vai'ious offices until June 1, 1886, when he went to Warren. He hired to A. J. Clark, ])roprietor of the Warren Sheaf, and tiiis arrangement was continued until September 1st. At that time Mr. Mus- sey and J. P. Mattson bought the War- ren Sheaf and Marshall County Leader, and in the foUowins: December bought the Marshall County Banner, of Argyle. In August, 1888, our subject bought the inter- est of his partner, and in October sold the Banner, so that he now conducts the Warren Sheaf aj\A the Marshall County Leader. The latter is ]mblished at Stephen, Marshall county, Minnesota. Under Mr. Musse3''s maiiagemont the papers have already attained a creditable circulation, and are assuming a prominent place in the newspaper circles of " the Yalley." Mr. Mussey was married November 25, 18S4, to Miss Ella M. Lyon, and they are the parents of one son — Homer Franklin. Mrs. Mussey was horn in High Forest, Olmsted county, Minnesota, and is the daughter of Orson and Sarah (Wood) Lyon, natives of New York. Mr. Mussey is one of the most prominent business men at Warren, an affable, genial gentleman, and one whom it is a pleasure to meet. ^^DMUND A. EVERTS is at present V^^ eno-aoed in dealing in lumber and Hour and feed in Battle Lake, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. lie was born Novem- ber 12, 18-40, in Carroll county, Illinois. Mr. Everts is the son of Ilezin and Saph- ronia (Preston) Everts. The father was a native of Ohio; the mother a native of Massachusetts. The father was a farmer by occupation, and left Ohio at the age of twelve years, going to Indiana in about 1828. He remained in Indiana, engaged in car- penter work until 1837, thence he removed to Illinois, where the subject of our sketch was born. The mother is living in Hamlin, Min- nesota. The father died May 3, 1881, and was buried in the town of Maine, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. Edmund Everts came with his parents to Winona county, Minnesota, in 18.55. He lived with his parents ujjon a farm, and attended district school until about the break- ing out of the war. Early in 1861 he enlisted in Company A, Second Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. He served during the entire war, and was discharged July 11, 1865. being mustered out of the service at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. His father enlisted November 5, 1865, in the First Minnesota Battery, and was discharged July 1, 1805. On his return from the service Edmund rented a farm in Winona county, Minnesota, and for four years followed the occupation of farming. June 1, 1871, he removed to Otter Tail county, Minnesota, and settled on a homestead on which he lived for ten years. At the end of that time he moved into the village of Battle Lake, where he engaged in the business of buying wheat for A. J. Sawyer. Continuing in Mr. Sawyer's employ for one year he then entered into an engagement to work for the Northern Pacific Elevator Company, with whom he continued one year. During this time, however, he carried on his present busi- ness in Battle Lake. Mr. Everts was married August 26, 1866, to Miss Rozilla Hinkston. Miss Hinkston was a native of Hlinois, ami is a daughter of Philo and Emily Hinkston. Mr. and Mrs. Everts have been blessed with three children — Harry S., May and Fred, all living at the present time. Mrs. Everts' parents were natives of Ohio and are now dead, the mother dvino' in Winona, in March, 1867. 666 KED KIVER VALLEY AXD Mr. Everts is a man of considerable promi- nence in the business circles of his adopted town. He has been enffagod in a number of commercial enterprises, and in every instance has met with merited success. In politics he exerts a great influence among the republi- cans of his county, and for many yeai's has been honored in being placed in positions of responsibility and trust. He lias held tiie office of town supervisor for nine 3'ears, and for two tci-ins was town treasurer. He is a leading nieuiber of the Masonic fraternity, and also of the G. A. R., Everts Post, No. 13S. Mr. Everts owns considerable property in this county, seven lots in the village, an excellent dwelling house and l)usiness building, and also 200 acres of land not far distant from tlie village. He is a man of excellent business qualifications, cautious and conservative in his business ventures, and by industry and thrift has gathered unto himself much valuable prop- erty, and has l)uilt up a hirge and extensive ti'ade. OHN L. EDDY, a prosperous and esteemed business man of the village of Verndale, Wadena county, Minnesota, is engaged in tlie livery business in tiiat place. He is a native of the State of Iowa, born in 1843. Ilis parents were among the earliest settlers in Iowa. Mr. Eddy, the subject of tijis article, spent ilis early days in Iowa, where he attended school until the second call for volunteers in the war. He enlisted in Compau}' E, Third Iowa Infantry, and served until he received ilis honorable discharge at Keokuk, Iowa. He served in tiie South and was in several battles and skirmishes. In the spring of 1S(>5 he re-enlisted in the Forty-fourth Towa Infantry, and served as teamster until tiie war. After tiie war lie returned to his native State, and settled in liutler county. Iowa, where he remained until 1877. In the fall of 1877 he started with a team • for the Northwest. He settled in AVadena county, Minnesota, where he took a claim, and in the following sju-ing sold out and took a farm about two miles from where Yerndale is nojv located. lie remained there ten years, engaged in agricultural jiursuits. In lss2 he commenced the luinhcring business on a small scale, having a portalile steam engine. Later he extended the business, and devoted his attention exclusively to that industry until the winter of 1S88. In 1886 he erected a steam mill, twelve miles from Verndale, on the Red Eye river, and he con- tinued until 1888. He then engaged in the livery business and is interested in the Park Rapids Stage Line. They ran a daily stage from Yerndale to Park Rapids, a distance of sixty miles, starting at 7 a. m., and reaching the destination at (5 ]>. jt., chanjiing horses at Shell City and Central House on Cat river. Our subject has a tirst-class livery stable and has the l^est of traveling outfits and rigs. He is doing a good business and is well-known throughout the county. He is a member of the C. C. Parker Post, Xo. 113, Grand Army of the Repulilic. • • ■' > •^^fg^--»— — AMES C. HAINES is a resident of the village of Paynesville, Minnesota, where he is engaged in the hardware business. He is a native of the Dominion of Can- ada, born on the oth of November, 1840, and is the son of William Haines, a native of Canada. Our subject's mother, who was a native of Scotland, died at Paynesville at the age of fifty-two years. Mr. Haines, of whom this article treats, remained at home until he had attained the age of twent^'-three years, tluriiig which time he had attended school and engaged in the lumbering business to some little extent. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 667 In 1862 he removed from Canada to Kankakee county, Illinois, where he engaged in gen- eral farming operations until 1867, when he went to Minnesota and settled in Stearns county, and took land near Paynesville, where he rented a saw-mill and for about three years followed that industry. At the expiration of that time he engaged in the carpenter's trade, and after working a few years at that vocation removed to the vil- lage of Paynesville and opened a general merchandise stoi'e, wliich he carried on for about twelve years. lie was agent for the McOorniick Machine Company, and in 1886 sold out and platted the new village on the Minneapolis & Pacific, or Soo, Railroad. In June, 1888, he purchased his present hard- ware store, which he has since carried on. lie runs a first-class store, carrying a full line of heavy and shelf hardware, and doing a good business. Mr. Haines was married the first time to Mrs. Harriet Starkey, who died in 1882, and was interred in Paynesville. The fruits of this union were five children, all deceased but the two following — Hubert and Clem- ent. Mr. Haines was united in marriage, the second time, in 1883, to Miss Augusta Pein, and they have been blessed with two chil- dren — Alice and Estella. Our subject has held the office of justice of the peace for five years, and has been town treasurer since 1879, also supervisor for one term. In the fall of 1888 he was on the ticket as candi- date for member of the legislature. In political matters he affiliates with the repub- lican party, and is actively interested in all local matters. No man has done more to aid in the development of this locality, and every enterprise calculated to benefit the town or county receives his active and hearty support. A man of the strictest integrity, he is held in the highest regard both as a business num and an exemplar}' citizen. —^AMUEL M. DIANARD, who now has "'^^ charge of the lumber yard for Mallory & Spafford, in the village of St. Hilaire, Polk county, Minnesota, is a native of the Empire State. He was born on the 22d day of Jan- uary, 1862, and is the son of Alfred and Mary Ann Dianard, natives of Canada and America, respectively. Mr. Dianard, the subject of this biograph- ical review, remained at home and attended school until he had attained the age of four- teen years, when he entered an apprenticeship to the lumber business. He has since that time been actively engaged in the business, making it a life work. For many years his work and time was divided between saw-mills, lumber yards, contracting, and in every form and department of the business. He is one of the most competent lumbermen in the North- west, and is familiar with ever}' branch of the business. He was raised in Canada, and in 1876 removed to Michigan. In 18SJ: he removed to Minnesota and located at St. Hilaire, where he ran a circular saw for three months and sawed shingles. For the suc- ceeding two months he took charge of a lum- ber yard for Darling & Welch, and con- tinued in that capacity for one year. Mr. Dianard then took charge of the American House, which he operated for six months, and at the expiration of that time again returned to the lumber business. He was then employed b}' Larson Brothers to saw shingles, and in the spring of 1888 engaged in that business on his own account for a time. He then operated a circular saw for Item & Qualm for one month. At the expiration of that time he started out with a threshing engine and was engaged in that occupation until Sejitember, 1888, when he took charge of i\Ialiorv & Spafi'ord's lumber yard, which he is now running. He is one of the best-known lumbermen in the county, and has the reputation of being master of everv branch of the business. 668 hed river valley and Mr. Dianard was united in marriage in St. Ililaire, on tiie20th day of ilarch, 1885, to Miss Nettie Andei-son, the daughter of Andrew and Anna Anderson, natives of Norway. In this union Mr. and Mrs. Dianard have been blessed with two children — Edna and Lulu. In political matters our subject aiRliates with the republican party, and is actively inter- ested in all local movements. He is one of the prominent business men of the village, and is doing an extensive lumber business tliroughout tiie county. Mr. Dianard was elected president of the village council of St. Ililaire and justice of the ]ieace in 1889. He is a man of the strictest integrity, and his word is considered as good as a bond. ^^STHN I. ROYEM, the county auditor \L:^ of Marshall county, Minnesota, is a resident of the town of AVarren, where he is engaged in his official duties. He is a native of the kingdom of Norway, born in Mera- ger, on the 31st day of April, 1855, and is the son of John and Ingrid (Eisteinsen) Rovem, also natives of tiuit kingdom. Mr. iu)yem,( he subject of this biographical sketch, remained in his native land until he was fifteen \'eai's old. During tliat time he attended the excellent common sciiools of his native land. At the age of fifteen he emigrated to the United States and settled in Calumet, Michigan, where he secured work in a boarding-house. He remained at that work for about fourteen months and then removed to Dakota. During the first two summers he worked with a surveying party and one winter attended school. He then found emplovment in a hardware store in Sioux Falls, with PhilHp Cross, with whom he worked two j^ears. At tiie expiration of tiiat time he secured a position as clerk in the postoffice, and after working four years paid a visit to his native land. He spent one summer amid the picturesque hills of his native country, and in ISSO again crossed the ocean for the United States. He settled in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he found work in Hans O. Peterson's general store, on .AVashington avenue, as clerk. He retained the ]iosition three months and then went to Marshall county, settling in "Warren, wliere he clerked for Johnson, Allen & Co. for one \ year, and then for Gilbert Conson for one and one-half years. In November, 1881. he was elected to the responsible position of county auditor. During the first year he had a de})uty, but has since attended to the office himself. He has been elected four times, and discharges the duties devolving upon that official position witii credit to himself and satisfaction to all parties con- cerned. He is an exeni]ilai-v citizen and is highly esteemed by all who know him. «»► Jp-REDERIC CLAYDON, proprietor of J^ the City Drug Store, in the village of Perham, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, is one of the leading jiharmacists in the north- ern part of tlie State. He is a n;itive of England, born in London, on the 17th day of May, 1841, and is the son of Charles and Mary (Brook) Claydon, also natives of that kingdom. The responsible jiosition of l)ursar to Trinity College, Cambridge, England, was iield by the family for upward of 150 years. Mr. Claydon, the subject of this sketch, received his education in his native countr\', where he attended school until he was fifteen years of age. He then entered a lawyer's office and engaged in the study of law for five years. He then enteretl the commercial business, which he followed for four years, and then established a bank, in which he was employed for ten years. In 1879 he emigrated to the United States, and after PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 669 landing in Ne^^' York City removed to Min- nesota, wliere he settled on a farm in Leaf Lake township, Otter Tail county, where he remained three years. In ISSl he removed to the village of Perham, Otter Tail county, where he assumed the office of secretary' of the Prairie Mills Company, which position Jie held for six years. In 18S7 he bought out Mr. "Wallace's di'ug store and has been en- gaged in that business ever since. He held the office of justice of the peace for three years, and is one of the prominent and respected citizens of the village. Mr. Claydon was united in marriage in 1SC7 to Miss Harriet Anna Aslett, and this union has been blessed with the following- named chiklren — Frederic, Leonanl, Richard, Pei'C}', Isabelle and Edith. Our subject and his family belong to the Episcopal church. In political matters he affiliates with the ilemocratic party, and is one of the active members of the Independent Order of Odd- Fellows. He is a man of the strictest honor and integrity and is highly esteemed by all who know him. and liis honorable business methods have built him an extensive trade. ^M.NDREW O. SATHER, of the firm of J[?^>^ Larson A: Co., general merchants of Willniar, Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, is a native of Norway. He was born in 1848, and is the son of Ole and Johannah (Otter- son) Sather, also natives of that kingdom. The father, who was a blacksmith by trade, emigrated to the United States in 1852, with his familv, and located in Jefferson county, Wisconsin, where he followed his trade until 1854, when he removed to Pierce county, Wisconsin, where he is still residing, engaged in farming. Mr. Sather, of whom this sketch treats, emigrated to the United States with his par- ents in 1852. He remained at home, attend- ing the common schools until he was seventeen years old, when he entered the pub- lic school at Hudson, Wisconsin, and after remaining one term engaged in the profes- sion of a school teacher, which vocation he followed for two years. At the expiration of that time be entered the high school at River Falls, Wisconsin, and after leaving there again engaged in school teaching. h\ 1870 he went to Winona and entered upon a course in the normal school, from which he graduated in 1872. Then, after teaching for two years, he took a business course at the Curtis Business College. in Minneapolis, grad- uating in 1875. In 1877 he was married to Miss Carrie A. Anderson, of Martell, Wis- consin, and removed to Cannon Falls, Min- nesota. After remaining there for six months, engaged in the mercantile business, in 1884 his store was destroyed by fire, and he came to Will mar and became a member of the above-mentioned firm. ^ENRY KEYE, who is agent for the Farmer's Union Elevator Company, is a resident of the village of Argyle, Mar- shall county, Minnesota. He is a native of Minnesota, born in Frontenac, Minnesota, on the 14tli day of October, 1856, and is the son of Andrew and Fredereca (Ouden) KcN'e, natives of the Province of Brunswick, German}^, and the kingdom of Prussia, respectively. Mr. Keye, the subject of this biograpliical sketch, remained at home, attending school and assisting his father operate the home farm, until he had attained the age of twenty-one years. He then engaged in farming on his own account near Frontenac, Minnesota, and after following that occupa- tion for two years removed westward, and in 1881 settled in Argyle, Marshall count}', Minnesota. He rented land of his brother, 670 RED RIVER VALLEY AND and for two years carried on the l)usiness of general farming and stock-i-aising. He then homesteaded IfiO acres on section 10, Argyle township, Marshall county, Minnesota, wiiich he lias since held. It is a desiral)le farm, well-improved and under good cultivation. In 1883 he commenced buying wheat and since that time has been employed by the Farmer's Union Elevator Company. The elevator was built in 18S4-, and prc'vious to that tiie griiin was stored in tem])orar3' ware- houses. His farm now (■oni])rises 240 acres, 230 acres of which are under cultivation. When Mr. Keye commenced in life for him- self he had $600 as a start, and by hard work, energy and economy he has placed himself in the most desirable circumstances. He has a comfortable dwelling in the vil- lage. Mr. Keye was united in marriage on the 25th day of May, 1878, to Miss Sophia Meyer, a native of Galena, Illinois, and the daughter of Frederick and Minnie Meyer, natives of Brunswick and Hamburg, respec- tively. Mr. and Mrs. Keye in this union li;iv(^ l)een bles.sed with the following named children — Minnie, Lydia, Harry and Maud. Our subject in his political faith belongs to the democratic party. He is actively inter- ested in local matters, and any laudable home enterprise receives his hearty suppoi't. ■•V' *! [AMES D. VAN DYKE, one of the leading lawyers at Long Praii'ie, the county seat of Todd county, Minnesota, is a member of the law firm of Davis h Van Dyke, and of the real estate, loan and insurance firm of Bressler, Davis & Van Dyke. The law firm is composed en personnel of R. E. Davis and James D. Van Dyke, and the real estate firm includes these gentlemen and also George N. Bressler. J. 1 ). Van Dyke is a native of Wisconsin, born in Summit, Wau- kesha county, on the 10th of May, 1859, ami is the son of Samuel W. and Annie (Pat- terson) Van Dyke, natives of the State of Pennsylvania. The parents of our subject settled at Summit, Wisconsin, in 1834, where they have since remained. The father is a graduate of Marshall College, in Pennsyl- vania, and was admitted to the bar in 1833. The fatliei' and motherof our subject are the ])arents (jf the following-named children — William J., Harry L., Carroll, James, Nor- niiin E. and Annie D. James D. Van Dyke, the subject of this l)iographical memoir, remained at home attending the excellent common schools of his native State until he had attained the age of fourteen years. At that jieriod in life he entered the Allison Classical Academj' at Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, from which he graduated with high honors in 187-1-. After his graduation he entered the senior class of the pre])aratory department of the Nashotah Episcopal Theological Seminary. He then attended the State University, and graduated in 1881. In 1881 he removed to the State of Minnesota and settled in Ale.xandria, where he taught school for some time. He then entered into the study of law in the office of Barto & Barto, the leading attorneys in Sauk Centre, Minnesota. After studying one year with tliat iii'in he entered the office of Tolmaii & Baldwin, of St. Cloud, Min- nesota, remaining with them some six months. At the expiration of that time Mr. Van Dyke returned to the University of Wisconsin at Madison, and entered the law dejjartment, from which he graduated in June, 1887. In October, 1887, he returned to Minnesota and located at Long Prairie, Todd county, where he has since remained. He was admitted to practice in ail the State courts, and is one of the most able and successful lawyers in Todd county. On the first of June, 1888, Mr. Van Dyke entered into partnershii) with Mr. Davis, and thev have since been PARK RF.GWXS OF MINNESOTA. 671 togetlier, carrying 011 a lucrative law practice, and, in connection with Mr. Brassier, they do an extensive business in real estate, loan and insurance matters. They are one of the most extensive law firms in the county, and are well and favorably known in that localit}'. — -^-S^J^-^— — WILLIAM J. ANDERSON, the present incumbent of the office of county auditor of Grand Forks county, North Dakota, is a resident of the city of Grand Forks, where he is engaged in his official duties. He is a native of the Dominion of Canada, born in Vienna, Elgin count\% Ontario, on the 20th day of May, 1854, and is the son of William and Jane (Plowman) Anderson, natives also of the Dominion. The fatlier died when our subject was a small child, and in 1S5S the mother removed to Le Sueur county, Minnesota. Mr. Anderson, the subject of this article, remained with his mother in Le Sueur county, Minnesota, until 1802. Then on account of the Indian trouble they were forced to leave the country, and removed to St. Paul, Minne- sota, where he attended the public schools until 1868, when he graduated with high honors from the grammar school. He tlien went to Toronto, where he attended a private school for one year, and again went to St. Paul. For the succeeding three j'ears he was cabin boy on steamboats on the Mississippi river, and for the two or three years following was a newsboy on the steamer "Key City," and other steamers. At various times he worked as a farm laborer, quite a period for Pende- gast & Carter in the flax culture. In the spring of 1875 he removed to Grand Forks, North Dakota, where he clerked on a steam- boat foi" one summer, and then was emplo3'ed by the Red River Transportation Company as general and purchasing agent, which position he held for three years, attend- ing to the company's affairs, receiving and paying out all the company's money at Grand Forks. His first public office was that of justice of the peace, to which he was elected in 1870, in Grand Forks. He then formed a partnership with Messrs. Budge and Eshelman, the style of the firm being Budge, Eshelman & Co., in the general merchandising business in Acton, Pembina county, North Dakota. A portion of their trade was with the Indians, north as far as the Turtle mountains and including that tribe. While there Mr. Ander- son received the mail contract from the Government, and his route was from Acton to a place called Sweden, passing through the spot where Grafton now" stands. In 1880 he was appointed receiver of the land office by President Flayes, and on the 2oth of April, 1880, the first papers were filed in the district. He was re-appointed by Pres- ident Arthur and held the office until Sep- tember, 1888, during which time he did an immense amount of business, over $3,500,000 passing through his hands and about 100,000 different entries. In October, 1888, he was nominated by the republicans for county auditor of Grand Forks county, and after one of the hardest political struggles the county ever had was elected by 370 majority, 4,160 votes being polled. He has since held the office, and in the discharge of the duties which devolve upon the position has given satisfaction to all parties. Mr. Anderson was united in marriage in November, 1870, in Grand Forks, to Miss Josephine R. Russell, the daughter of Martin and Belle (Gassman) Russell, nativesof Den- mark and Norway, respectively. The union has been blessed with two children — Vir- ginia Edith and Raymond Gassman. Our subject is a member of the A. F. & A. M., Acasia Lodge, No. 15, and a member of the Conimandery. He has also taken fourteen degrees in Scottish Rite Masonry, and is a 672 nF.iy RTTEK VALI.F. Y A. YD member of the Knights of Pythias. He is one of the most prominent and leading citi- zens in the county as well as in Xort h Dakota, and his name has been prominently identi- tied with the history of tiiis region. Wiiat- ever success he has attained in life is wholly due to his indomitable energy and will, as he was thrown entirely upon his own resour- ces to carve his own way, receiving neither aid nor money from any one. One of the events of liis life lliat lie is particularly proud of, and wiiich he now recalls with jjleasure, is tlie fact that lie was one of the carriers or newsboys for the old St. Paid Press, doing tliis while attending scliool. ilr. Anderson is a republican in political matters and is one of the leading members of that i)arty in the locality in which he lives. A man of the strictest integrity and honor, his word is I'ecognized as being as good as a bond, and he is highl}' esteemed wherever known, both as a business man and an exemplary citizen. Active, enterprising and energetic, he takes an active interest in all matters effecting home interests, and every laudable enterprise receives his support and encouragement. ^^\ ARTIN L. VOUGHT, the editor and ^"^'i^V. proprietor of the Trihune, a weekh' democratic periodical published in in tlie village of AVadena, Wadena county, Minnosota, is a ])oi)ular and esteemed mem- ber of the newspaper fraternity of the Park Rcoions. He is a native of the State of Pennsylvania, born in Montour county, on the 14th of January, 1861, and is tiie only child of Peter S. and Jane C. VougJit, natives of Pennsylvania. In 1874 the par- ents removed to Western Pennsylvania, set- tling at Lionesta, Forest count}'. Mr. Yought, the subject of this biograph- ical article, received his education in his native State. Up to the age of fourteen vears he remained at home on the farm, assisting his fathef operate the same and attending the common schools of that county. At the age of fourteen he entered a doctor's oflice and commenced the study of medicine. After working a few months for the doctor our subject decided that he was not cut out for a physician, and accordingly changed his aj)prenticeship to that of a printer in the office of the doctor, who was also engaged in the printing business. After being engaged in the printer's trade for two 3'earshe helpeil establish \.\\e Cominonicealth, oi Lionesta, a greenback paper. He remained in connec- tion with that pa[)er for three years, and he then caucjht the "Western fever." Not even the proffereil situation of editor and man- ager of the paper could induce him torenuun, and in 1881 he removed to Minnesota. He settled in what is now the Fifth Ward of Crookston, Minnesota, known at that time as Carman. lie at once took charge of the Car- man Courier oi that place, and remained there until June, 1882. In August of that year he started the Ashby Avalanche, in Grant count}', Minnesota, which he published for one year. At that time he moved to Her- man, Minnesota, and assumed charge of the mechanical department of the Herald, which position he retained for two years. At the expiration of that time he moved to the vil- lage of Wadena, Wadena county, Minnesota, where he ]iurchased his present paper. He I'.as since materially impi'oved the paper, and it now has a wide circulation. He is prepared to do all kinds of job and advertis- ing' work at reasonable rates, satisfaction being guaranteed. The paper is strictly democratic in princii)les, and Air. Vought is recognized as one of the most able editorial writers in the northern pai't of the State. Mr. Vought was united in marriage on the Sth of May, 1883, to Miss Alice Z. Ilolman, a native of Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Vought have been blessed with one child — Bertha May, born May 2, 1886. PAkK REGIONS OF MiNK'ESO TA. 673 OHN H.THOMPSON. Prominent among the business citizens of the village of Eagle Bend, Todd county, Minnesota, is the subject of til is biographical memoir, who is engaged in the mercantile business. He is a native of the State of Ohio, born in Colum- biana county, on the IGth of February, 1845, and is the son of John and Ann Jane (John- son) Thompson, natives of Pennsylvania and Ireland, respectively. The father of our subject was a farmer in Ohio, and died in 1881. The mother passed away in 1847, when our subject was eighteen months of age. The\' were the parents of the follow- ing-named children — Hugh, Arthur J., Kosa, Sarah and John. The father was married the second time to Miss Eliza Joince, who died a few years after her marriage. Mr. Thompson, of whom this memoir treats, received his education in Ohio, attend- ing school until sixteen years of age. From that period until he was twenty-one he worked at almost anything he could find to do, and in 1866 removed from Ohio, and in the month of July settled near North field, Minnesota, where he remained from 1866 until 1871. In 1871 he went to Todd county, Minnesota, and in June horaesteaded a farm on section 30, lona township, where he remained twelve years, engaged in general farming and stock-raising. In 1883 he removed to the village of Eagle Bend, Todd county, Minnesota, and opened his present store. He is doing a good mercantile busi- ness and carries a full line of general mer- chandise. Mr. Thompson was married on the 7th day of April, 1869, to Miss Mary H. Bates, a native of New York, and the daughter of Alvan and Sarah (llobinson) Bates. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have been ble«sed with five children, named as follows — Anna B., Rosettie, Elmer, Arthur li. and Sadie. Mr. Thompson and his family belong to the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he is trustee and a local preacher. In political matters he affiliates with the democratic party. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd-Fellows and is noble grand of the lodge. He is a representative citi- zen of the village, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. .^^ I AMES A. COLEHOUR is the proprietor of oneof themost delightful summer resorts in Northern Minnesota. The Prospect House, which he owns, is situated on the banks of Battle Lake, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, and during thesumnier months its rooms are crowded with guests from all parts of the South and East. The Prospect House and its location have become the favorites of many tourists. The lake abounds with vast numbers of the finny tribe, and the woods furnish a field full of game for the sports- man. Mr. Colehour was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, January 28, 1842. He is the son of Henry and Hannah (Richards) Cole- hour. On the mother's side he is descended from the French, and on the father's side is descended from the German. The father was a farmer by occupation and followed that line of business in Pennsylvania. In 1854 they removed to Illinois, and settled in Mount Carroll, where the father died in 1856. The subject of our sketch remained at home, helping his mother on the farm and attend- ing school at eveiy opportunity until 1859. That year he went to Philadelphia and engaged in clerking in a grocery store owned by his brotlier Isaac. At the end of that time he returned to Mount Carroll, Illinois, and on September 4, 1862, he enlisted in Company I, Ninety-second Regiment Illinois .Volunteer Infantry. He saw much severe service, and was in a number of 674 RED RIVER VALLEY A.\'t> hard-foufflit battles. lie was wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, and was in College Hill lIosi)ital, Nashville, for three iiioiitiis. He was again wounded in a battle near Florence, Alabama, and as a result lay in the hosjiital for two months. Tiien he obtained a furl(jiigii and was allowed to return home, wljeie he stayed for two months. He then rejoined his resiiment, and continued with them until the close of the war. He was honorably discharged from the service June 21, 1865. He then went to Chicago, where he worked in the postoifice for fourteen years, and in. March, 1882, came to Battle Lake, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. Finding the beautiful location wliei-e his hotel now stands, he put u^) the building and rented it until the fall of 1888, when he took personal charge of the business. Up to that date he had been engaged in the lumber trade. Mr. Colehour was united in marriage May 1, 1872, to Miss Katie Catlin, a native of Illinois, and daughter of Seth and Ilellen Catlin. This marriage has been blessed with three children — Robert A., James A. and Kathrina H., all of whom are still living. Mr. Colehour has always been numbered among the prominent citizens of this county. From his first settlement here he has taken a deep interest in the ])rogress and improve, ment of his adopted town, and he has never failed to take a lively part in the welfare of all local business interests. He is, therefore, heart and soul with this country, and has proven himself a valuable aid in its upbuild- ing. Mr. Ccilehour is a courteous, kindly gentleman, classically educated, genial and warm hearteii, and makes an ideal hotel keeper. His caravansary is the favorite resort of many Southern tourists. He strives at all times to provide his table with the most popular of delicacies, and by thus doing has won the deserved distinction of keeping one of the best ])laces of resort in Northern Minnesota. He belongs to the A. O. U. W. and to the Everts Post, No. 138, G. A. R., of which he was department commander one year. He was the commander of the First Park Region encampment held at Battle Lake. In ])olitics he affiliates with the repub- lican party, and is a pi'ominent meml)er of the Baptist church. — " — 'v* '^Sj2?5' "C* ' • Pjl^ILLlAM KISSACK, a successful and industrious agriculturist of Wadena county, Minnesota, is a resident of section 28, Wadena township, where he is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He is a native of the kingdom of Great Britain, born on the Isle of Man, on the 31st day of July, 1846, and is the son of Thomas and Eleanor (Gale) Kissack, natives also of the same island. The father was a hat manufacturer by occupation. The father and mother of the present subject were the parents of the fol- lowing-named children — Thomas and Rob- ert, who died in infancy, and Jane, who is now the widow of the late William Relph, attorney -at-law, Barrow-in-Furness, England. Mr. Kissack, of whom this article treats, remained on the island of his birth until he was nineteen years of age, during which time he attended school, early instilling into his mind those principles of thrift, integrity and frugality which so distinguish the nationality from which he springs. In 1861 he became articled as a pupil teacher in the Thomas Street Wesleyan day-school, in Douglas, of that island, where he remained for something over three years employed as a teacher, when by mutual agreement the indentures were cancelled. In 1865 he removed to Barrow- in-Furness, England, where he entered his brother-in-law's law office. He remained with him one year and then paid a visit to the home of his childhood on the Isle of Man, where he secured a position in the gen- Park HEGtOh'S OF MI.VNESOTA. 675 era I postoffice at that place. In 1868 he returned to Barrow and ao^ain entered his brother's office, receiving the position of managing clerk. In 1S73 he joined the Fnrness colony, which is fully described in tlie biograjihical memoir of James Ashburner and others, found in another department of this Album. Tiiey emigrated to the United States in the spring of 1874 and at once removed to the State of Minnesota, where they settled in Wadena county. Our subject took his present claim on section 28, Wadena township, where he has since remained, engaged in a successful farming and stock- raising business. Mr. Kissack was married on the 21st day of May, 1S70, to Miss Mary Agnes Ash- liurner, the daughter of Thomas and Eleanor Ashburner, natives of ]'arrow-in-Furness, England. This union of Mr. and Mrs. Kis- sack has been blessed with nine childi'en, named as follows — Eleanor Lishman, Thomas Ashburner, James Stephen, William Relph, Amelia Anna, Frederick Gale, Ethel Gale, Charles Edward and Mai'ie Isabel. Our sub- ject has been town treasurer for several years, as well as clerk of his own school dis- trict, No. 3, and is one of the active men of the count}'. In political matters he is a strong protectionist, and affiliates with the republican party. — 4— .ry^OUlS LARSON. _£^ man in Kandivohi county Avho is There is probably no man in more worthy of favorable notice in a volume devoted to the pioneers of Minnesota than the subject of our present article, Louis Larson, the proprietor of the mill at New London, Minnesota. He is one of the pio- neers of that locality, having been a resident of that village for over thirty years ; and through his uniform integrity and honorable business methods he is rated as one of the most solid and substantial citizens of the county, and his word is recognized as being as good as a bond. Mr. Larson came here in 1859, and during the first three years was engaged in hunting, farming and trapping. In June, 1862, he commenced building a saw mill, Ijut was soon forced to abandon it on account of the Indian outljreak, which began in August of that year. With the other settlers he was driven away by the Indians, and he went to St. Paul and Minneapolis, where he remained until the spring of 1865. He then returned in company with Samuel Stoner, and in part- nership they completed the saw mill, which was the first mill erected within the present limits of Kandiyohi county. In 1872 Mr. Stoner sold his interest and our subject formed a co-partnership with others, under the name and style of Adams, Larson, Sperry & Wright. This firm owned the saw mill and erected a flouring mill, and tlie}' ran both for a period of ten years, when the saw mill was discontinued. They still continue to operate the flouring mill, which has been greatly improved and remodeled. It is now equipped with eight sets of patent rollers, and has a capacity of 100 barrels of flour per day. They do quite an extensive ship- ping trade and also supply the home market. Mr. Larson, whose name lieads this article, was born in BoUnas, Ilclsingland, Sweden, on the 21th of June, 1836, and is a son of Peter and Christine Larson, who were farmers in Sweden. In 1852 the family came to the United States and located in Waupaca, Wisconsin, Avhere they engaged in farming. Louis Larson came to Minne- sota in 1857, and was followed by the family in 1858. They remained at St. Peter until the spring of 1859, when they came to Kandiyohi county and located at Nest Lake. The father is still living, a resident of New London ; the mother died in April, 1876. The parents had a family which consisted of 676 RED mVER VALLEY AND the following children — Louis, Peter, Erick, Oliver, Martha, Nels, Christine and Erick. The two Ericks are dead, and all the others are still living. Louis Larson was mai-ried January 19, 18(19, to Carrie (Jlson, and they are the parents of two daughters — Mary Christine and Carrie Elizaiieth. Mrs. Larson is a native of Sweden, and tiie daughter of Peter and Martha Olson. Her parents came to the United States in the fall of 1853, and set- tled in Chicago, where h(>r mother died dur- ing the following year. Her father died in Felji'uarv, 1875. Mr. Larson, after tiie Indian outbreak, aided in re-organizing Monongala county, it being the north half of what is now Kan- diyohi county. New London was the county seat. Our subject also took a prominent part in the organization of the township and village of New London. He has always taken an active interest in all public affairs and has held various official positions. He was chairman of the board of supervisors for numy years and also town treasurer. For twelve years he held the position of postmaster, and every move affecting the welfare of his town or county receives his active support and encouragement. He is a stanch republican in jiolitical matters, and a member of the Lutheran church. Mr. Larson has extensive property inter- ests — besides his mill and other pi'operty, he owns a farm of 300 acres under a high state of cultivation, which he rents. -^: :-• 4- ^JII^HOMAS H. STOREY, the leading tax. 3L idermist of the Northwest, and propri- etor of the museum at Fargo, North Dakota, well deserves extended mention in a volume devoted to prominent citizens of the Red River Vallev. The museum, whicii he has been the means of establishing at Fargo, is one in which any city may take a just pride, as it contains one of the finest collections of this line of specimens to be found anywhere in the North. Thomas H. Storey was born at Peterboro, Ontario, Canada, August 14, 1848, and is a son of John and Margaret (Edniison) Storey. The motiier was a native of Tweed, Scot- land, and the father of Cumberland, Eng- land. The grandfather of our subject was one of the celebrated weavers of fine fal)rics of England, and all the Storeys in the United States are descended originally from the same family. One strange peculiarity noticed in some members of the family is the fact that occasionally one of them is found who has two thumbs on one hand, and this same strange feature is found to have cropped out every now and then in their ancestors. On his father's side our subject is a descendant of the Blacks. This family has been engaged in manufacturing spades, ditching tools, etc., for the jiast century, and the business is still carried on under the original name. Nearlv all the spades and shovels found in the North- west on British soil come from the Black factoiy. John Storey was engaged in manufactur- ing edged tools. Our subject, Tlioinas, remained at home attending school and assist- ing in the factory until he was sixteen years of age. He then learned the painter's trade, which he followed for about eight years. At the expiration of that time he removed to Lindsay, Canada, and there engaged in the floi-al business, which he followed success- fully for twelve years. In the spring of 1881 he removed to Pembina county. North Dakota, and settled on section 6 of Lincoln township, taking a homestead, tree claim and pre-emption all on the same section. His family still live on the farm, and he still owns the three claims. In April, 1888, he came to Fargo, and in company with PARK REGIONS OF MINNESO TA. 077 W. H. Williiims eng-acred in the business of taxiilerniy, to wiiicli business he has devoted more or less attention for the past twenty-seven years. Tliey also opened the museum, which they still carry on. It contains many features whicli would merit extended mention, but our space limits us to a few of the most important. They have the lai-gest moose and elk that have ever been placed on exhibition. The moose measures 6 feet 5 inches high at shoulders, and 8 feet 4 inches to top of horns, and is 9 feet 6 inches from tail to nose, girting 7 feet and 2 inches. Its weight was 1,400 pounds, and it must have been at least sixteen years old. It was killed in Jlanitoba in December, 18S7. The elk was killed at about the same time in the Turtle mountains, North Dakota. It is 10 feet high to top of horns, stands 5 feet 6 inches at shoulder, spread of horns 4 feet 10 inches, girts 6 feet 2 inches, measures 9 feet 6 inches from nose to tail, weight was 800 pounds. They have a fine specimen of the mountain lion, measuring 8 feet 4 inches from nose to tip of tail. They not only have a fine display of animals, but also a splendid collection of native birds of the Northwest, and also imported birds. Mr. Storey was married in Canada, Sep- tember 5, 18()0, to Miss Sarah Williams, a daughter of Thomas and Eachel (Trimblet) Williams, \vho were natives of England. They are the parents of the following- named children — Emma, Ida, Charles, ' Lillian, Nellie, Thomas, Mabel, Frank, Lulu and Girtie. Emma married Dr. McFadden, and resides in Emerson, Manitoba. All of the children were born in Canada except Lulu and Girtie. Mr. Storey is a man of the strictest integ- rity, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. He is a memljer of the Masonic fraternity, holding membership with the Shiloh Lodge of Fargo. ©ONALD ROBERTSON, a thorough and successful business citizen of Mar- shall county, Minnesota, is engaged in the drug business in the village of Argyle. He is a native of the Dominion of Canada, born in Hillsburg, Ontario, July 4, 1859, and is the son of C. Robertson and Anna (Ramsey) Robertson, natives of Scotland. Mr. Robertson remained at home until he was nine years of age, attending school in the district schools in his native land. He was then forced to begin life for himself, and until he was sixteen he was engaged in almost ever3'thing he could find to do, and attending school in the spare hours. In 1875 he engaged work on a farm, and worked at that industry until he was twenty-one. During that time he had the opportunity to go to AVinnipeg and engage in farming on a farm, which his uncle would have given him. His uncle sent him $500, which his mother purchased property with. At the age of twenty-one he removed to New York State, but after working for a short time was taken sick and returned home. Upon his recovery he engaged in the meat market business with his father. As this mode of life was not suited to the inclination of our subject, he decided to follow another business. He bought out a small shoe store, pa3'ing one-half down and the other $80 in a short time. Although he had never had any experience in the business, he established the store, and for eighteen months carried on a successful boot and shoe busi- ness. At the expiration of that time he sold out, realizing a profit of about $125. In a short time he started for the new Western States, and spent considerable time in look- ing over the country in the Red River Val- ley. While in Fargo, Dakota Territory, he met a brother Odd-Fellow, who gave him a position at mason work in Stephen, Marshall county, Minnesota. After working for about one year he secured a position in the hotel 678 RED K/VER VALLEY AXD at Warren, Minnesota, whei'e he remained tliree months, then erointj into the mason work and contracting business, removing to the village of Argyle, where he has since remained. Tlie winter Ijefore settling in Argyle he taught school in Polk county, with such success tiiat lie was tendered the principalship of the j)ublic schools in Euclid, Minnesota. Until 1881 he followed histrade, doing an extensive contracting business. In December, 1888, lie purchased his present store, where the postoffice is located. He is doing an excellent business and carries a good stock. In addition to the store he owns 160 acres of fine farming land near the village. He is now a member of the board of health, and has been village mar. shal and justice of the peace. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and joined the Independent Order of Odd-Fellows in Ontario, Canada, in 18S1. He is one of the .popular and prosperous business men in the village, and affiliates with the republican party in his politics. -^^ ^M^ J. BROKER, one of the leading attor- Jp!^^ neys in AYadena county. Minnesota, is a resident of the village of Wadena, where he is extensively engaged in ])rofessional work. He is a native of Prussia, born in that kingdom in August, 1854. His parents emigrated to the United States in 1857, and settled in Wisconsin, where they have since remained. Mr. Broker, the subject of this memoir, remained in his native land until he had attained the age of three years, when he emi- grated to the United States with his])arents, and they settled in Walworth county, Wis- consin, where our subject remained until six- teen years of age. During that time he had attended the common schools of Wal- worth count\', and at that age lie entered the normal school at Whitewater. Wiscon- sin, where he i-emained one year. At the expiration of that time he taught school for one term, and then entered ^Miltcm College, where he remamed for one year. lie then entered the State University of Wisconsin, located at Madison, which he attended for three 3'ears, taking a modern classical course. After leaving the university he taught school for several terms, and in the spring of 1870 entered a law office at Janesville, Wisconsin, where he remained until the spring of 1882. On the 6th of May he was admitted to the circuit court, and on the 10th of the same month was admitted to the supreme court of Wisconsin. In 1882 he removed to the vil lage of Wadena, Wadena countv, Minnesota, where he was in the law office of E. E. Luce as clerk for three months, and then engaged in the law business for himself. In 1883 he was elected as village recorder, and in the fall of 1883 was elected as county attorney, which office he has since filled with satisfac- tion to all parties concerned. He is doing a straight law business, and is one of the lead- ing and prominent attorneys of the village and county. He is a pleasant and genial gentleman, and is highlv esteemed bv all who know him. He is a stanch democrat in his political affiliations, and is a member of the State central democratic committee, and an active worker in the same. He is an hon- ored member of the Masonic fraternitv. --^J^J^-^- WASHINGTON McNElCE, oneof the popular i)usiness men of Todd county, JMinnesota, is engaged in the milling business in the village of Little Sauk. He is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Hunting- ton county, on tlie 10th day of Septomber, 18-11, and is the son of William and Elizaljotli (Stauffer) McISTeice, also natives of Pennsyl- vania. The father was a carder and cloth- PARK REGIOXS OF .trf.V.VFSO TA. 679 dresser. He died in 1864. The mother is still living in Indiana, and is seventy years of age. They are members of the Christian church. The father and mother of our sub- ject are the parents of the following-named children- — Mary, John, Nancy, ]\Iihih A., Nicholas R., Emma and Washington. Mr. McNeice, the suliject of this biograph- ical article, received his education in Indiana, where he removed at an early day. He attended the excellent common schools until he was nineteen years old, and then engaged in carding and cloth-dressing until 1866. He then moved to Minnesota and located in Douglas county, remaining there one j'ear. He then went to Stearns county, Minnesota, and eno-aged in the milling business. He i-emained there for sixteen or seventeen years, and in May, 1883, moved to Todd county, Minnesota, where he has since remained. He has an extensive trade and is doing an increasing business. The mill has a capacity of 100 barrels per day and turns out an excellent brand of flour. Mr. McNeice was married on the 25th day of March, 1 872, to a Miss C. E. Dolson, a native of Indiana, and the daughter of Jesse and Easter Dolson, farmers of Canada. Mr. McNeice, the subject of this article, is a member of the ]\Iasonic fraternitv and for- merly of the Odd-Fellows. He is one of the representative men of the village, and is an active jiarticipant in all local enterprises. In political matters he affiliates with the demo- cratic party. He is highly esteemed by all who know him, and is a man of sterling busi- ness qualifications. JpEENRY KEMPER, the popular and effi- Jr"rl. cient postmaster of the village of Perhara, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, is the oldest settler in that village. He is a native of Ohio, born in C'incinnati, on the 11th day of November, 1845, and is the son of Henry and Clora (Spenthoff) Kemper, natives of Hanover, Gei-many. The parents emigrated to the United States in 1835, and settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, where the father was man- ager of a saw-mill for eighteen years. In 1850 they removed to Mercer county, Ohio, where the father remained until his death in 1S68. They were members of the Catholic church, and were the parents of the following- named children — Mary, Dianah, Henry, Philemena and Bei'nard. Mr. Kemper, the subject of this l)iograph- ical article, remained in the city of his birth until he was five years old, when he removed with his parents to Mercer county, Ohio, wiiere he received his education. He at- tended school in that county until he had attained the age of fifteen years, when he entered an apprenticeship to the carpenter's trade. He remained there, working at his trade, until he was twenty -four years of age, when he removed to Rush Lake, Minnesota, and opened a general store, remaining there about two years. At the expiration of that time he removed into the village of Perham, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, where he was the first person to locate. He built a frame house on thenorth side of the Nortiiern Pacific Railroad track, and in July, 1872, opened a general store and was appointed postmaster. In 1874 our subject, brother and Mr. Drah- mann established the first newspaper in the village, which they afterward sold to S. Burke foi- forty acres of land. In January, 1878, Mr. Kemper, together with his brother and H. Drahmann, erected the first mill in the county, also built a second mill at Toad river, and they were the princi]ial factors in the erection of the Prairie Mills. They then erected a building — a fine business structure — into which our subject moved the postoffice, lock boxes, etc. He has since been engaged in the general merchandising business, and is also emjiloyed in postoffice duties. He owns a fine dwelling house in 68o KF.n RIVEK VALLEY AND tlic village, and is one of tiie oldest settlers in the count}'. Mr. Kemper was united in marriage to Miss Ttegina Steinliach, a native of Ger- many, and this union lias been blessed with five ciiildren — Clara, Cecelia, Antonette, Tlosa and Mary. Our sul)ject is a democrat in his political affiliations. He and his family belong to the Catholic church. He lias held the office of postmaster for twenty years. He is actively interested in all local matters, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. /^LEV O. OTTERNESS, formerly a KSlS^ prosperous and prominent member of the farming communit\' of Kandiyohi county, Ifinnesota, is a I'csident of Willmar, Kandiyohi count}', ]V[innesota, where he is living a retired life. He is a native of the kingdom of Norway, born on the 2d of Feb- ruary, 1821, and is the son of Ole and Anna (Oleson) Elifson, natives of Norway. The pai'cnts emigrated to the United States in 1850, and remained with our subject for fifteen years. Then, until their death, they remained with their other children. They were the parents of five childi-en, four of whom are still living — Ole, of Wisconsin; Elev, our subject; Peter, now deceased; Martlie, now Mrs. A. Oleson, of Wisconsin ; and Bertha, the wife of O. Gunderson, also of Wisconsin. Mr. Otterness, the subject of this biog- I'aphv, remained at home in his native land until he had attained the age of eighteen years, during which time he attended school, early instituting into his mind those princi- ples of industry, integrity ami economy which so distinguish the nationality he rep- resents. He then entered an apprenticeship to the blacksmith's trade, at which he worked for four years. In 1845 he emigrated to the United States and settled in Dane count}', Wisconsin, where he worked out among the farmers for one year, in order to repay the money he had used in his passage to this country. The second year he worked among the farming community, during which time he received fi'om 50 to 75 cents a day for his work. At the expiration of that time he removed to Columbia county, Wisconsin, where he settled on a farm, and for eighteen years devoted his attention to general farming and stock-raising operations. In 1865 Mr. Otter- ness removed to Goodhue county, Minne- sota, and purchased a farm of 1*)0 acres in Wanomego township, and after living there for nine years went to Kandiyohi county, ]\Iinnesota, where he had purchased a farm of 400 acres previously. He remained there three years, and at the expiration of that time went to Dover township, Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, where he bought a farm of 400 acres, where he lived, engaged in a successful farming and stock-raising business, for a period of seven years. In 1884 he removed into Willmar, Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, where he has since remained, leading a retired life. He has a fine resi- dence, surrounded by a beautiful grove of trees, and has two city lots, located in the best portion of the city. He has held many offices in the different localities in which he has lived, including su])ervisor and school trustee while in Wisconsin, and since in Minnesota has been supervisor, county com- missioner, member of the school board, city councilman and supervisor. Mr. Otterness was married in 1847 to Miss .Tohannah Bottelson, the daughter of Cliris- tenson and Eanda (Johnson) Bottelson, natives of Norway. This union has been blessed with the following children — Baut- well, who married Miss Oleson and now has three living children — Elif, Alma and Olena; Annie, now Mrs. Larson, of Otter Tail county. PARK REGIOXS OF MINNESOTA. 681 Minnesota, and tlie mother of seven children — Ellen, Rosa, Josephina, Charles, Leonai'd, Arthur and William ; Petrina, now the wife of L. A. Vile, the assistant cashier of Willmar Bank ; Christian, who married Miss Helmer, and has been blessed with three children — Elanor, Alphia and Eliza ; John ; Martin ; George and liobert. Our subject is a republican in his political affiliations, and is actively interested in all local matters. He and his family belong to the Lutheran church, and he is trustee of the Lutheran Seminary. He is actively inter- ested in all church and educational matters, and has subscribed liberally to all such enter- prises. He is a strong temperance advocate, although he does not accept the principles which govern the third party. He is a citi- zen highly esteemed hy all, and is a man of the strictest integrity and honor, his word being considered as good as a bond. -♦- /^jLIVBR LETOURNEAU, the subject >^!^ of this sketch, is a resident of the village of Argyle, Minnesota, and the pres- ent incumbent of the office of deputy sheriff of Marshall county. He is a native of the Dominion of Canada, born in Montreal on the 9th day of June, 1858, and is the son of Peter and Matilda (Beaudin) Letourneau, also natives of the Dominion. ^[r. Letourneau, of wliom this sketch treats, lived on the home farm and attended school until he was sixteen years old. He then taught school for two years, and worked for farmers in Canada and Minnesota for a number of years. In 1878 he removed to Crookston, and for two years clerked in Mary Kerchmar's store. In 1880 he en- gaged on the railroad as bridge carpenter, which vocation he followed for two years. At the expiration of that time he went to Wisconsin, and for about two years was in the lumber woods of that State, running a cajup as foreman, then returning to Crook- ston, where he remained during one summer. He then went to Brainerd, Minnesota, and after working in the woods in the winter returned in the following spring to Crook- ston. In 1878 he worked on the river as foreman in driving logs, and then went to Argyle, Minnesota, where he put up a build- ing in the fall of 1882, and engaged in the retail liquor business. After following the business for three years he sold out and opened a general farm machinery shop. In 1882 he was ap])ointed deputy sheriff, which position he has since held, still follow- ing the machine business. He also owns 320 acres of land on sections 3 and 5, and has a village lot. He holds the offices of village constable and notary ))ublic. Mr. Letourneau was united in marriage on the 21st day of December, 1887, to Miss Mary Verbunceur the daughter of Adolphus and Julia (Labisoniere) Verbunceur, natives of Canada and Minnesota, respectively. This union has been blessed with one child — Adolphus Oliver. Our subject and his wife belong to the Catholic church. In political matters he affiliates with the repub- lican party, and is a public-spirited citizen, taking- an active interest in all local mattei-s. -^- li^EWIS F. YE AXON, one of the earliest J!^^ settlers in Wadena count\', Minnesota, is a resident of section 18, Wadena township, where he is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He is a native of Maine, born in Washington county, on the 2d day of September, 1840, and is the son of Ethil and Rosanah (Pineo) Yeaton, natives of the State of Maine. Mr. Yeaton, the subject of this biograph- ical sketch, remained in his native State until 1872. In his younger days he attended the 682 RED RIVER VALLE Y AND excellent common schools in liis native county, and after completing his education he engaged in the lumber business. He followed tliat industry for a number of years, and on tlio 2Sth da}' of Sejitember, 1S61, he enlisted in Company H, Ninth Maine Infan- try, lie was mustered into the service in Augusta, ifaine, and from that place went to Washington, District of Columbia. Late tliat fall the regiment joined the Port Royal expedition, and they remained in the Depart- ment of the South for two years. In the summer of 1862 they went to Florida and participated in the following battles and engagements : Fernandina, Jacksonville and St. Augustine. Tiie division, after the cap- ture of tlie above-named places, was sta- tioned at Fort Clincli. Florida, where it remained from April until November, 1862. From Fort Clinch tiiev were ordered to Port Royal, where they remained during the winter of 1862-63. In the spring of 1863 the company to wliich our subject belonged moved to Morris Island, Chelsea Harbor, where tliey participated in that siege and remained until the spring of 186-t. They then joined the Army of the Potomac, and were under General Butler during that sum- mer. They were in the battle of Druiy's Bluff, Cole Harbor, and before Petersburg until the fall of 1864. As the time of enlist- ment had expired, Mr. Yeaton returned to his native State. During his entire three years' service he did not receive a wound, and was off dut}' only a very short time. In 1S72 he removed to Minnesota and .settled in Wadena county, Minnesota, where tie has since remained. He took a tract of land, which now joins the city limits, and on wliicii he has since lived. He has a fine farm of 350 acres, 150 acres of wiiich ai-e under cultivation. He is extensively engaged in the dairy business and supplies the village with uiiik. For a number of years the sub- ject of this article had charge of the mercan- tile establishment belonging to Dan Pineo, but since 1878 Mr. Yeaton has devoted his whole time and energy to his agricultural interests. Mr. Yeaton was united in mai-riage on the 14rth day of June, 1865, to IVIrs. Martha J. Lindsay, a native of the State of Maine. Mr. Yeaton has held many offices in the village, including those of postmaster, member of the board of count}' commissioners and sheriff. He is one of the representative farmers of Wadena county. He is a stanch republican, and highly esteemed by all who know him. -*"fS^*-^* ^^ ARTHUR SCOTT, a resident of the '^^^ village of Long Prairie. Todd county, Minnesota, is a leading real estate, loan, insurance and investment broker. He is a native of Intliana, born in Wells count}' on the 23d day of August, 1864, and is the son of Thomas and Amanda (Chandler) Scott, natives of Indiana. The father and mother of the present subject were married in Olm- sted county, Minnesota, on the 25th day of November, 1863, and settled in Wells county, Indiana, where they still remain. The father is retired from business, being formerly engaged in farming, stock-i'aising and deal- ing in agricultural machinerv, and is an esteemed and prominent citizen of AYells county. Indiana. The father and mother of Arthur are the parents of three children, named in the following order — S. Arthur, Geneva May and Clarence O. The only daughter, Geneva, died on the 8th day of August, 1884, being seventeen years of age. Mr. Scott, of whom this article treats, received his education in Indiana, attending the graded schools at Montpelier, where he afterward served as jirincipal for some time. He attended the Eastern Indiana Normal School, from which he graduated with hon- ors in the spring of 1884. While in atten- PARK REGIONS OF MIXNESOTA. 683 dance there he taught the district school two terms, during vacation. After serving the principalsliip in Montpelier for two yeai's he removed to Todd countj, Minnesota, in Sep- tember, 1SS6. During that fall he worked at the painting trade, which he had acquired in liis younger days in Indiana. Mr. Scott tlien enjiao'ed in the real estate, loan and insurance business. His business ex- tends over Todd and adjoining counties. lie is one of the rising young business men of Long Prairie and Todd county, and is lugiily esteemed by all who know him. Mr. Scott is still a single man, and is identified with the Baptist church of Long Prairie village. The late Edwin M. Stanton, who was war secretarv under President Lincoln, was a first cousin to our subject's father. 5)ETER BRATE, a ])rosperous and indus- trious member of the farming commu- nitv of the famous Park Regions of Minne- sota, is a resident of Wadena county, where he is engaged in agricultural pursuits on section 5, township 134, range 35. He is a native of the State of New York, born in Albany county on the 14th of Marcii, 1841, and is the son of Peter J. and Hannah, Brate, natives of New York State. The father and mother of our present subject were the parents of the following-named children — Catharina, Jacob, William, Maria, Harriet, Charles and Racliel. Peter Brate, the sul)ject of this article, remained in ids native State until 1867. During that time he had attended the excel- lent common schools of Albany countv,New York. In 1867 he removed from his native State to Iowa and settled in Hancock county where he purchased a farm and engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He was among the earliest settlers in that county, and he remained there until 1876, when he decided to seek newer fields for his labors in the Northwest. Accordingly he started out with a covered wagon, his team and house- hold goods, for Wadena county, Minnesota. After a two weeks' journey he arrived at his destination, and on the 6th of June, 1876, secured his present farm, which was railroad land. The town of Wadena at that time con- sisted of only twelve houses, and the county possessed only sixteen voters. Since the gi'owth of the village the farm of our subject is included within its limits, thus placing a greater value on his propei'ty. He now owns a fine, well-cultivated tract of land, comprising 170 acres, 130 acres being improved. He has the best of building im- provements, and withal has one of the most desirable farms in the county. He is exten- sively engaged in general farming and stock-raising, and is one of the successful farmers of this region. Mr. Brate was united in marriage on the 20th of November, 1862, to Miss Margrette Keefer. and this union has been blessed with two children, named as follows — Hattieand Cora. Mr. lirate is one of the representa- tive men of the village, and has held the fol- lowing offices : Chairman of the board of supervisors, sheriff, member of the village council, etc. He belongs to the Ancient Order of United Workmen, being a charter member of the Wadena Lodge. He is a democrat in his political affiliations and an active participant in all local matters. • ^ » -^^^-» [OHN DOWER, the present clerk of the district court of Wadena county, Min- nesota, is a I'esidentof the village of Wadena, where he is engaged in his official duties. He is a native of IMichigan, born in Ontona- gon county, on the 7th day of July, 1864, and is the son of Sampson and Mary Ann (Gilbert) Dower, natives of England. The 684 J, wJien W. S. Ilorr bouglit an equal interest and tliey have since carried on the business. In the spring of 1886 Mr. Hamlin engaged in the liver}' business in partnersiiip witli William Iloif, and they have since carried on tiie livery and sale stables, devot- ing special attention to the sale of imjiorted horses, and doing an extensive business in selling buggies, wagons, cutters etc. Mr. Hamlin was united in marriage on the 8tli day of January, 1873, to Miss Abbie C. Horr, of Lorain county, Ohio. Mr. Hamlin is a stanch republican in his political affiliations, and always takes an active interest in all local matters. He is very successful in his business relations with everyone, and is highly esteemed both as a citizen and business man by all who know him. -*'-: «»^ J^iCHARD HANDY, a prominent raer- Ji^^ chant of Todd county, Minnesota, is a resident of the village of Long Prairie, where he is engaged in the hardware busi- ness. He is a native of England, born in Westbury, Wiltshire, in February, 1842, and is the son of Thomas and Anna (Hill) Handy, also natives of England. The mother died in her native land, and the father re- moved to the United States in 1850, and set- tled in Erie county, Pennsylvania. He was accidentalh' drowned in April, 1866, at Dundas, Rice county, Minnesota. He had charge of the Archibald Mills at that place, where he had moved in 1863. The father and mother of our subject were the parents of the following-named children-^Elizabeth, Richard, Chai'les and John. Mr. Handy, the subject of this article, re- mained in his native land until he was eight years old, at which time he emigrated to the United States, and settled with his father at Erie. He remained there two and a lialf years. In the year 1853 the family removed to Dundas, Canada West. At the age of eleven he left the paternal home to seek his own livelihood, and at the age of fifteen ceased his educational career. For some time he secured work in a hotel, and soon afterward commenced the tinner's trade. In 1866 Mr. Handy removed to Minnesota, and settled in Rice count}', Minnesota, where he remained three months. At the expiration of that time he went to Dodge county, where he worked at the tinner's trade for two years. He next moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he worked at the bench for five or six months, moving from there to Otter Tail county, Minnnesota, and tocjk 160 acres of land, on which he remained two sum- mers engaged in farming. In 1868 he was engaged by Henrj' Keller, of Sauk Centre, as tinsmith, and in the fall returned to Sauk Centre, Minnesota. He staid in Sauk Centre, engaged principally at the tinner's trade,until 1873. In 1873 Mr. Handy went to Long Prairie, Todd county, Minnesota, and estab- lished his present hardware business. He carries one of the largest stocks in the village and handles all kinds of shelf and heav}' hardware. Mr. Handy was united in marriage in March, 1872, to Miss Mary E. Gough, and this union was blessed with six children — Anw, Beatrice, Pauline, Bessie, Ruth and Rolland. Mr. Handy is a republican in his political affiliations, and is one of the sub- stantial and esteemed citizens of the village. He and his famil\' lielong to the Ba])tist church, of which he is a deacon. He has PARK' REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 6gl been president of the village school board and a member of the village council. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd- Fellows and a representative man of the village. — — "^^^^"4- WILLIAM SMITH, a successful mer- chant of Todd county, Minnesota, is a I'esident of the village of Eagle Bend, where he is engaged in the general merchandising business. He is a native of Kentucky, born in Pikesville, Pike county, Kentuckj^ on the 21st day of October, 1844, and is the son of Aaron and Jennie (Justices) Smith, natives of Virginia and Kentucky, respectively. The father is still engaged in farming on the old home in Kentucky'. The mother was educated in her native State, and died there August 28, 1805. They were the pai'ents of three children — William, John and George. John is in Virginia and George is living in Kentucky. Mr. Smith, the suliject of this biographical article, remained in his native village, Pikes- ville, until he was twenty-five years old. Until he had attained tlie age of seventeen years lie attended tlie common schools of his native town, and in 1870 removed to West Virginia, where he remained two years. At the expiration of that time he went to the State of Minnesota, and settled in Meeker county, Minnesota, near Dassel, where he purchased a farm, and engaged in agricult- ural pursuits for about seven years. In 1879 lie removed to Todd count}^ Minnesota, and homesteaded a tract of land on section 2, W\'keham township, wiiere lie remained five years, engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He was one of the earliest settlers in the township and a successful farmer. In 1884 Mr. Smith renujved to the village of Eagle Bend, Todd county, Minne- sota, and engaged in the litpior business for i two years. He then opened his present store and has since been engaged in the business. He carries a complete stock of general merchandise and is doing a good business. Mr. Smith was united in marriage on the 12th day of January, 1865, to Miss Elizabeth Ford, a native of the State of Kentucky, and the daughter of William Ford, a farmer and merchant. She is one of twelve children, being the fourth in order. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are the parents of the following-named children — James, Malinda, Mary, Minnie, Ida, Rosy, Arleiy, Katie and Lizzie. Malinda is the wife of John Goble, a resident of Todd county, and Mary is a Mrs. Burton of Eagle Bend, Todd county, Minnesota. The sul)ject of this article is a democrat in his political affiliations and an active participant in all movements of a local nature. He is one of the leading citizens of the village in whicii he lives and has held various offices, including treasurer, school director, etc. A man of the strictest integrity, he stands hign in the community in which lie lives, both as a business man and an exemplary citizen. ijOHN H. WIGGINS, of the firm of Wil- ^ liams Brothers & Company, prominent millers of Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, is a resident of Willmar, where he is engaged in the milling business with the above-named firm,' being the company of the same. He is a native of Prince Edward Island, born in 1850, and is the son of James and Eleanor (Green) Wiggins, natives of Grand Lake, New Brunswick, Canada, and Prince Edward Island, respectivel}^ Early in life the father was a house carpenter by trade, tiien followed farming and later in life engaged in the lumbering and milling business in Prince Edward Island, in the village of Alber- ton. The mother died in 1883, and the father is now retired from active life. They 692 KKD KH'ER VALLF.Y AKD were the parents of ten children, the follow- ing-named being the onl\" ones now living — Virgenia, the wife of T. F. "Walker ; Sarah, now Mrs. "Wright; Elizabeth, who married J. French; John H. and Samuel 11. Jolin IT. AYiggins, the subject of this article, remained in his native island until he was twent^'-one. Dui'ing that time he had .attended school in the winters and in the summers assisted his father operate the home farm. At the age of majorit}^ he commenced in life for himself, and for the succeeding five years followed agricultural pursuits. At the expiration of that time he entered the milling business in partnership Avith his father and brother, but after three years they were burned out, losing all he had. Oui" subject had to commence at the foot of the ladder once more. He now sjient two years woi-king in a machine shop on his native island, then went to New York City, where he secured a position in a machine shop, where he worked for one year. Then, in ISSU, he removed westward and settled in Kerkhoven, Swift county, Minnesota, where he remained for a period of five years, engaged in elevator work. In 18S5, in part- nership with "Williams Brothei's, he pur- chased a custom mill at "Willmar, Kandiyohi county, Minnesota. After three months the mill was destroyed by fire, and the}' pur- chased several lots and erected their present mill. It is one of the finest in the county, and they are doing a heav}' local and ship- ])ing business. They employ five men, and are among the prominent and leading millers in that part of tiie State. Mr. "Wiggins, of whom this article treats, was united in marriage in 1870 to Miss Sarah D. Williams, a native of Prince Edward Island, and the daughter of "William S. and Chai'lotte (Greene) "Williams, natives of Englantl and Prince Edward Island, respect- ively. Mr. and Mrs. Wiggins in this union have been blessed with one child — William I D. In his political aflBliations Mr. Wiggins is an adherent to the principles of the rejjub- lican party. He is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He has a fine residence on Benson avenue, surrounchnl with beautiful evergreen and sha ''^^-^—^ f^MES. S. L.\ GRO. Prominent among the business men of the village of Paynesville, Stearns county. IMinnesota, is the gentleman whose name heads this article, a dealer in fui'niture. He is a native of the State of Massachusetts, born in Spring- field, Massachusetts,on the 21:th of November, 1851, and is the son of Peter and Mary La Gro, natives of Canada. The grandfather of our subject fought under Napoleon and secured the title of De Ste. Maure. At an early day the La Gro family settled in Kandij'ohi county, Jlinnesota, and in the Indian trouble in 18*12 they lost' every- thing they had except their farm, and llie\' with the rest of the settlers were ilriven to St. Cloud, Minnesota. J. S. La Gro, upon attaining manhood, went to Minneapolis, Minnesota, and for four years was engaged in teaming and gardening. At the expiration of that time he engaged in the furniture business in the city, and continued in business until 1888. In September, 1888, he removed to Paynesville, Minnesota, and engaged in the furniture business there. He has since been engaged in that line, and is having a good trade. He carries a full line of goods, and has one of the best stores in the village. Mr. La Gro was united in marriage on the 23d of December. 1880, to Miss Anna M. PARK REGIONS OF MTNNESOTA. 699 Hanson, and this union has been blessed with three children, named as follows — James (deceased), Etta M. and Pearl (deceased). Our subject is one of the prom- inent and representative business citizens of the village, and is actively interested in all local matters. Enterprising and energetic, any laudable home enterprise receives iiis hearty support. He is a man of the strict- est integrity and honor, highly esteemed by all who know him. ^^►•^ ^«« PSAAC C. SUTTON, the efficient and 'IL accommodating hotel proprietor and storekeeper in the village of Browerville, Todd county, Mmnesota, is a native of Indi- ana. He was born in Jay county on the Sth day of November, 1844, and is the son of Samuel and Nancy (Marin) Sutton, botli natives of Pennsylvania. They removed to Indiana in 1844, where the mother died in 1853. The father is still living in Indiana, and is a well-known farmer and stock-raiser. They were both devoted members of the Methodist Episcoj)al church. They were the parents of the following-named children — Jacob, Pheobe, William, Elizabeth, Platte, Mary, Lydia and Isaac. Mr. Sutton, of whom this sketch treats, received his education in Kandolph count}', Indiana, where he attended school until he was seventeen years old. On the 12th of August, 1861, he enlisted in the Eighth Indiana Infantry, Company G, Thirteenth Corps. He participated in many skirmishes, but was in no ]>itched battle. He received his discharge at St. Louis, Missouri, on account of general disability contracted in the service. After his discharge he went to Union City. Indiana, where he remained until 1870, when lie removed to Minnesota. In the spring of 1870 he settled in Todd county, section 2, Hartford township. He took a homestead and continued to reside there for eleven years, during which time he was actively engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He was one of the first set- tlers in the township, and took a leading part in all local matters. At the expiration of the eleven years he removed to the vil- lage of Old Hartford and engaged as clerk for D. C. Davis & Co. Soon afterward the firm moved to Browerville, and our subject began the erection of a stoi'e building. This was on the 6th of July, 1883, and this building was for a hotel. Our subject took charge of the hotel, but in a short time was obliged to give it up on account of ill-health. He finally sold the hotel property and then erected a dwelling house, in which he lived for two years. During that time he had charge of a lumber yard for Mr. Harrington, and also acted as cook in a logging camp on Eice lake. He then took charge of a saw- mill about nine miles from Browerville, and later returned to the village. He erected another dwelling house, in which he lived until he took charge of the Browerville House, at Browerville, on the 1st of January, 1889. In 1887 he formed a partnership with James Hart in a general store, and they have since carried on the business. Mr. Sutton is highly esteemed by the traveling public and those who know him. He runs a first-cla?s house and is doing a good business. Mr. Sutton was married March 22, 1863, to Miss Lavina Whipple, a native of Indiana, and the daughter of Jason and Eliza Whip- ple, natives of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Mr. and ]\[rs. Sutton have been blessed with the following-named children — Frank, Henry, Daisy and Jason Oak. Mr. Sutton is a republican in politics, and a vnem- ber of the Grand Army of the Eepublic. He is actively interested in all local movements, and any laudable home enterprise receives his hearty support. 700 KF.D KIVEK VALLEY AND /V^HARLES H. HODGE is one of the v^ leading citizens of Motley, Morrison county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in tiic drug business. He is one of the earliest settlers in this region. Iiaving located in the village above mentioned in March, 1879, tlie place then consisting of some fifty people. There were but very few frame buildings in the town, most of them being built of logs, the hotel being nothing but a log shant}^ some 20x30 feet. Mr. Ilodge came to this place to engage in work as a millwright for IT. B. Morrison, who was then putting up the present flouring mill and some dwelling houses. In the fall of 1882 he put in a stock of drugs, which was the first stock in the city and which he has since been conducting. He is also agent for L. P. White's real estate, Mr. White being the original proprietor of the town plat. Mr. Ilodge is a native of Vermont, and was born in Lamoille county, August 17, 1833. He remained with liis parents in the place of his nativit}' until the breaking out of the war, receiving advantages for a good education in the district schooh When the war broke out he was fired with patriotic zeal, and August 14, 1861, enlisted in Company D, Fifth Regiment Vermont Vol- unteer Infantry, being mustered into the service at St. Albans, Vermont. September Kith. His regiment fell to the allotment of the Army of the Potomac, and joined that army preparatory to active service at the front. In December Mr. Hodge was taken sick and sent to the Union lIos))ital at Georgetown, and later was discharged from the Judiciary Hospital, Washington, June 17, lSn2, after a long and sin'ere illness. This termination of his militarv life was to him extremely unsatisfactory, so he determined to at once re-enlist and try again the fortunes of war. June 20th, three days after his dis- charge, he re-enlisted in Company II, Ninth Regiment, Vermont Volunteer Infantrv, as a private. July 9th of the same year he was promoted to the position of sergeant, and January 4, 1863, received his commission as second lieutenant in Com])any H. Sep- tember 15, 1862, he was with his regiment at the surrender of Colonel ]S'iles,at Harper's Ferry, and with them was taken prisoner, but on the following day was paroled and sent to Chicago. January 10, 1863, he was exchanged, but remained in Chicago until April following, when he was ordered to report at Fortress Monroe, remaining in that stronghold until October of that year. Altogether, Mr. Hodge was in some eight or ten of the severest battles of the war. besides seeing service in a number of lighter skirmishes. While in Chi- cago, from January lOtli until April, Mr. Hodge was occupied in guarding rebel pris- oners and was sent with a large company of them into the far South, where a number of them were exchanged. The war experience of Lieutenant Ilodge was a severe one, being full of hanlships and exposure. He went through it all, however, with a bravery worth}' the grandeur of the cause for which he fought, and the honors he received were but just recompense for the courage and valor he exhibited. In the spring of 1866, after the war was closed, j\Ir. Hodge came to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, and after remaining in that place about one year he removed to Green Bay, Brown county, thence going to Chippewa count}'. As we have alread}' stated, in March, 1879, Mr. Hodge settled in Motley, Minnesota, where he has since resided. On coming here he found the town site covered with ])ine trees, not a street cut out or cleared, and indeed a veritable wilder- ness. This state of affairs, however, rapidlj' underwent a change, and Mr. Hodge has witnessed a transformation from that wild wilderness scene into a bright, busy village. Mr. Ilodge has taken an active interest in all PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 701 matters pertaining to the welfare of the township and village, and has served in a nunil)er of official positions. He lias been a member of tlie school board for the last seven years, and has proven a very efficient officer. Mr. Ilodge was united in marriage Octo- ber 25, 1865, to Miss Myra M. Titus, of Maine. Mr. and Mrs. Ilodge have a family of two children. Tlie subject of our sketch "takes an active intei'est in the affairs of the 1. O. O. F. lodge of tills ])lace, of which he Is one of the most Influential members. Ills connection with the G. A. R, Stannard Post, No. 101, is an important item in his record since coming to Motley. The post was organized May 7, 1887, Mr. Hodge being a charter member and commander. He is also junior vice- commander of the Park Eeglons Associa- tion of the G. A. R. Mr. Hodge is a man of wide influence in Morrison county, and is esteemed and respected by all who know him. !APTA1N ALEXANDER GRIGGS, the ^^y present mayor of the city of Grand Forks, will form the subject of our present article. No man in North Dakota has done more to promote the interests of that locality, nor been more prominently identified witli its growtli and progress, and his name is indissolubly associated witii the history of the Red River Yalley as well as the North- west. A man of iron determination, of energy, enterprise and perseverance, he recognizes no such thing as defeat in any project he undertakes, and the man\' gigantic enterprises which he has Inaugurated and carried to successful completion demonstrate the characteristics of the man. Captain Griggs Is a native of the State of Ohio, born In Marietta, on the 27th of Octo- ber,1838, and is the son of William and Esther (McGibbon) Griggs, natives of New York and Ohio, respectively. Alexander remained in his native State until about two years old, when he removed with his parents to Bee- town, Grant county,"Wisconsin, where he lived for five or six yeat-s, and in 1849 removed to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he secured a position as cabin boy on a steamboat. From that position he was promoted rapidly, and at the age of nineteen we see him captain of the steamboat lola. He acted as pilot when he was so small that he had to stanil on a box to manage the wheel. He remained on the Mississippi river and tributaries until 1870, when he removed to Fort Abercrombie, which he made his lieadtjuarters. He was engaged in the transportation business In connection with J. J. Hill, president of the St. Paul, Minnea()olis it Manitoba Railroad, and during 1870 and 1871 had headquarters at that place. In June they removed their liead- quarters to McCauleyvllle and then to Grand Forks, North Dakota. "While at Fort Aber- crombie they built the steamer Selkirk and a number of barges," which run on the Red river. Wiien our subject first located in Grand Forks he took a farm where the heart of the city now Is, and owing to the unsettled condition of the country it was five or six years before he moved upon it. He located there with tlie determination to build up a city, and platted his land, graded the first street and built the first sidewalk. He built a steam saw-mill, and opened a general store, doing a general milling and mer- chandising business with the firm known as Griggs, Walsh & Company. After two j^ears they sold out to the Hudson Bay Company, and our subject then went into the steamboat business, increasing the trade year after year until the\' had seven steamboats and fourteen barges. Since that time the railroad com- petition has about retired tliis line of indus- try, until the business is carried on bv two 702 RED RIVER VALLEY A. \T> steamers and a few barges. The captain followed navigation actively for tliirty years, (luring whicli time lie was captain of the fol- lowing steamers : Humboldt, Little Dorrit, Aerial, Clii])pewa Falls, Favorite, ' Jennie Baldwin, Albany, Otter. Countess, Mankato Otter, St. Antiiony Falls, City of St. Paul, Selldrlc, Cheyenne, Manitoba, International, Alpha, Dakota. Alsop and Pluck. He is without a doubt tiie oldest man in that line in the West, and is widely known. Since settling in Grand Forks he has been closely identified with all the interests of the cit}^, and to-da}' is recognized as the literal "father of Grand Forks." He has done more to advance the prospei'ity of the locality than any other man, and is \^et the most prominent public citizen of the city. He built the first saw-mill, as well as grist mill, and is now the heaviest stockholder in the gas works. He is president of the Sec- ond National Bank and is serving his fourth year as railroad commissioner for Dakota. Since coming to the city he has been con- nected with tlie following lousiness firms : lied River Transportation Company, McCor- inick, Griggs & Company, Griggs & Com- pany, Griggs, Grosvener & Company, Budge, Griggs it Company, Henderson & Griggs, Grio'crs & Son. in liverv business, etc. In 1888 he was elected maj^or of the city, which position he still holds. The cajjtain was united in mari'iage in Le Sueur, Minnesota, on the 27th day of Decem- ber, 180)5, to MissEttie Strong, the daughter of Lucius E. a-iid Ann (Slieppardj Strong, natives of Massachusetts. The Captain and his estimal)le wife have been blessed with the following named children — Lois A. Charles E., Ansel, Mary (who was the first white child born in Dakota), Ettie, Bruce, James and Clifford, all of whom are living except Charles. Ansel is engaged in the liv- ery business in Grand Forks. In political matters our subject affiliates Avith the repub- lican party. He has held a great many local offices, and since the organization of the county has filled various county offices at different times. He is prominently con- nected with the business interests of the city and vicinity, and is a man of the strictest honor and integrity, his word being consid- ered as good as a bond. ♦f€^' ELS S. MUNSON, the head miller and manager of the Warren Roller ]\Iills at Warren, Marshall county, Minnesota, is one of the most highly respected citizens of that locality. He is an old settler in Minne- sota and has been a resident of Warren since 1882. He has had charge of the mill ever since it was erected. It now has aca])acit\' of 150 barrels per day, and is one of the finest mills in the valley. Mr. Munson is a thorough miller and is familiar with every branch of the business. He is a num of the strictest integrity, and is highly esteemed both as a business man and an exemplary citizen. J-^ #AMES E. WILLIAMS, who is engaged in farming in Grant county, Minnesota, is a native of the State of Iowa. He was born in Wyoming, Jones county, Iowa, on tiie 9th day of May, 1854, and is the son of James D. and Margaret A. (White) Williams, natives of Virginia and Ohio, respectively. The father was captain of Company K, Twenty-fourth Iowa Infantry. He is now living in Ackley, Iowa. The father and mother of our subject were tiie parents of the following children — Joseph, Charles, William, Fi-ederick, one daughter (who is now the wife of John Wirt, of Alden, Iowa), and James, the subject of this sketch. All the boys served in the war, and Charles died in the service. All but our subject and William PARK REGIONS OF MIXXF.SOTA. 703 are in Ackley, Iowa. "William is living in Grant county. Mr. Williams, of wliom tiiis article treats, remained at home until 1871, when he left home and for the succeeding three years was conductor on a railroad. In 1874 he took a trip to Fort Gar}^, Dakota Territoi'v, and then went to Minne- apolis, Minnesota, and clerked in the Mer- chants' Hotel for about one year. He then engaged in the wholesale grocery business with Newell & Harrison, remaining with them until the fall of 1877, when he returned to his father's home, remaining during the winter. In March, 1878, he removed to Grant county, Minnesota, purchased a piece of land and took a tree claim, which he (iiially proved up on as a homestead. He has since remained on his farm, situated on the north bank of the beautiful sheet of water. Lake Comorant, which is four and a iialf miles long, two and a half wide, its clear, pure water abounding with many varieties of fish, and a pictur- esque, timbered island nestling in the center. His farm comprises 560 acres, 250 of which are under a high state of cultivation. He is extensively engaged in farming, owns twelve horses and twenty-five head of cattle, good buildings, etc. Mr. Williams was married October 6, 1876, to Miss Mary Peterson, the daughter of John O. and Catharena Petenson. Our subject has been prominently identified with the local progress of Grant county since his residence there. He has held the office of justice of the peace since 1878, when he was appointed to that office and since that time . has been re-elected each term. He has been register of deeds, deputy sheriff, clerk of court, school clerk, and was appointed one of the State land appraisers. Mr. Williams has been a State and senatorial delegate, and has been chairman of the board of county com- missioners several times. He is one of the prominent citizens and highly esteemed by all who know him. " He was instrumental in securing the rigiit of way of the INIinneapolis & Pacific Ilailroad Company, being delegated to confer with them. -«-; ILMIENRY a. BRUNS. Among the earliest JtTJL settlers at Moorhead, Minnesota, was Henry A. Bruns, the proprietor of the Grand Pacific Hotel, and he has taken a leading part in every move or enterprise ever inaugurateil to build up the city or develop the surround- ing country. It is no injustice to, or refiec- tion upon, others to sa}' that he has done more toward making Moorhead what it is to-day than any other resident. Mr. Bruns is a son of Henry and Sophia (Stetnian) Bruns, who were natives of Ger- many. They came to America before their nmrriage, and were married at Sheri'ill's Mount, Dubuque county, Iowa. There the father took a pre-emption claim of 160 acres, and still lives upon it, retired, however, from the active cares of business. His son Edward carries on the farm. Henry Bruns, Sr., and wife were the parents of seven children — Henry A., Rosenna (now Mrs. Hinde), Sophia (now Mrs. Koerner), Edward, Annie, Mary and Otilla. The parents are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In political matters the father is a republican. The parents of Sophia (Stetman) Bruns came to America at an early day and settled in Illinois, the father taking Government land within twelve miles of Chicago. There the parents lived through life, to the ripe old age of eighty-five and eighty-six, respectively. They were the parents of four children.- We now return to the princi})al subject of this sketch, Henry A. Bruns, whose name heads this article. Henry A. Bruns was born April 9, 18-17, at Sherill's Mount, Dubuque county, Iowa, lie attended the 704 RED RIVER VALLEY AND common schools until lifteen years of age, and was graduated from Bailie's Commercial College, at Dubuque, at sixteen. From that time until he was twenty he worked on his father's farm during the summer, and in the stores m Dubuque city, and after that time until 1S71 as clerk, book-kee[)er and traveling salesman in the State of Iowa. In 1871 he traveled four months througli Wisconsin, Minnesota and Dakota. Early in the spring of 1871 Mr. Bruns went from St. Cloud to Brainerd, which was then the end of the jS'orthern Pacific track. From Brainerd he rode to Oak Lake, which was then the engineer's headquarters of the road. Here he met Gen. Tiiomas L. Rosser. The Northern Pacific had sur- veyed its line to the Red river, striking that stream at Elm river, some twenty -eight' miles below Moorhead. Mr. Bruns was prospecting — looking out for chances and opportunities. lie now returned to St. Paul antl bought a load of provisions and ready- made clothing, and took them to Red River. At a point where Mr. Probstfield's house afterward stood he found an encampment of tents, and here were II. CI. Finkle, J. B. Cha])in and John Haggart. This was about June, 1871. Mr. Bruns opened out his troods here in a tent like the rest. Mr. Finkle was prospecting — was waiting for something to turn up. Here Mr. Bruns took Mr. Finkle in as a partner. They re- mained at this point, Oakport, until the last day of Sei)tember, 1871, when, the town of Moorhead having been staked out, they all removed there. They lived in and did business in tents through the following win- ter. In March, 1872, Mr. Bruns went to McCauleyville and bought a lot of lumber, hired teams and " hauled it to Moorhead. Tliev then took the tents off the frame sides of their building,which was on Fourth street, and built u]) a second story and roofed it in. The building was 22x50 feet. The people then thought they were going in too heavily in building so substantial a building, and prophesied that that would go " busted." They dealt in general merchandise, includ- ing almost everything exce])t liquor. This was not the first frame buiUling, as Rev. O. II. Elmer had built a little house, and Knap- pen & Sloggy (Capt. C. P. Sloggy) liad Imilt in the fall of 1871. In 18(51 Dr. Kurtz built a dwelling and also the house where Mr. Storla dieil, which iwo houses were the first plastered liousesever budt here. Bruns •k, Finkle carried on their business in the former store until ls77, when they built the large brick block on tiie corner of Front and Fourth streets, afterward occupied by II. G. Finkle, at a cost of $12,000. Early in 1872 Mr. Bruns purchased 500 bushels of seed wheat, and brought it into the valley by teams over the snow, which wheat he distributed among the farmers of Clay and iS'orman counties, Minnesota, ami Cass and Traill counties, Dakota, thus starting the seeding of wheat. The facilities for raising being poor, and the grasshoppers very de- structive, there was no sur])lus above the amount required for seed until the fall of 1873, and it was then the general opinion that the Red River Valley was a failure as a wheat country. At about this time, or early in 1874, he placed himself at the head of a stock corporation and built the Moorhead Manufacturing Company's fiouiMnginill and saw-mills at an expense of $30,000, antl the Hour-mill soon demonstrated that the wheat raised here was of a superior quality for making strong rtour and excellent bread. The Hour was awarded first premium at the Minneapolis and State fairs two con- secutive seasons. The saw-raill cut timber for the construction of steamboats, the Min- nesota and Manitoba having been built at Moorhead in 1875 by the Merchants' Trans- portation Company, of which James Douglas was president. These were the best boats PARK REGIONS OF MTNNESO TA. 705 ever on the Red river. This helped to open up Manitoba and Northwest Territory mar- kets. Later on tlie Upper Missouri and Bhick Hills countries were secured, and later still the Yellowstone country, for markets for the flour. In 1878, seeing the necessity for more storage for the ra})idly increasing acre- age of wheat, Eruns & Finkle erected a large steam elevator at Moorhead. It was the first steam elevator built in the country, as well as the best and most substantial building of the kind then erected anywhere in the Red River Valley. The country quickly recovered from the effects of the panic of 1873, and the Northern Pacific Company, which was pushing their line through a wild country inhabited by Indians, required a large amount of provis- ions, grain, tools, etc., to supply the con- struction and engineering departments of the road. Mr. Bruns being familiar with the country, was entrusted with the entire business of the railroad people, and for the four years while the road was being built from Mandan to Helena, his supply store teams and depots lined the whole distance along the line of the road between those points. The construction took over $2,000,- 000 worth of goods, which were at all sea- sons delivered upon the work as required to the full satisfaction of the contractors and the railroad company. In 1880 Bruns cVs Kurtz (T. C. Kurtz) built the bank block, which is a two-story solid brick, 100x50 feet, and comprises three stores and the Merchants' Bank in the first story, the opera hall and offices in the second story, and began the banking busi- ness in partnership, which they have ever since carried on. In the same year the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railroad was building north across the Northern Pacific at Moorhead, through Fargo, and on to Winnipeg, which inaugurated a boom in everything here. In 1881 Mr. Bruns built the Grand Pacific Hotel, which was finished and opened on Thanksgiving Day of that year. The hotel is one of the finest in the State and is not equaled anywhere in the Northwest outside of Minneapolis and St. Paul. Its cost, including furnishing, was $150,000. The boom of 1880-82 enabled Mr. Bruns to sell off portions of his town and farm property and to invest liberally in all public improvements, such as Red River Manufact- uring Company's planing and saw mill ; Electric Light Company, Moorhead Foundry, Car and Agricultural Works, Bishop Whip- ple School, etc. The depression coming on, the former laid dormant, but the others have worked themselves through, the foundry having in the meantime been sold to A. Anderson & Sons, formerly of St. Cloud, who have added the manufacturing of wagons, and are now progressing success- fully. Mr. Bruns is the present owner o the Moorhead Flouring Mills. Mr. Bruns has built a large number 01 dwelling houses and other buildings, and owned a half-interst in the row of ten stores east of the Grand Pacific Hotel, which were burned. Mr. Bruns made a great deal of money in Moorhead during the earlj' years and in the boom period from 1880 to 1882, and during the three past years of depres- sion has, doubtless, lost large sums by shrinkage and the unproductiveness of the blocks of property, but he has exhibited an unusual amount of "sand," and we doubt if anybody has ever heard him complain, even though his purse-strings must have been pulled very hard. He has always exhibited much public spirit, encouraged all projects which promised good to the city and county by liberal donations of money. His confi- dence in the ultimate growth of this region has never waned. On the organization of the city of Moor- head Mr. Bruns was elected mayor, and was 7o6 .KED KIVEK VALI.E Y AND twice re elected. During his occupanc}' of this office the city water works were built, extensive sidewalks were laid, and sewer improvements put in, and two iron bridges were built across Red river, thus giving Moorliead closer connection with Fargo. Of otlier offices held were coroner of the county, of which he was tiie fii'st incumbent, when persons used to die witli their boots on. He was also county treasurer for several terms, and used to carry the office and l)ooks, around in his coat pocket. He also iilled tlie office of county commissioner, but never follows ])olitics to the detriment of business. He is a republican in political faith. In 1877 Mr. Bruiis was married to Miss Matilda Sharpe, a native of Winnipeg, whose fatlici", Edwai'd Siiarpo, and family emigrated from England in tiie forties Ijy the Hudson's Bay route, and at the instance of tliat com- pany. Mr. and Mrs. Eruns are the parents of tiiree cliildren — Henry E., Tilley M. and Arthur S. The family attend the Presby- terian church. iJELSON A. MOTT is a prominent liv- ■fjl er^'uian and dealer in horses in Fertile, Polk county, Minnesota. He was born in Can- ton, Wayne county, Miciiigan, October 3, 1856. The parents of tlie subject of our sketch were Joseph G. and Amy C. (Mason) Mott, natives of New York. When Nelson was in his eleventh year his parents came to Minne- sota, settling on a farm near Sauk Centre, Stearns county. Here he remained with the parents, working on the farm and attending school until he was twenty years of age. He then removed to Ada, Norman county, where, in company with his brother, A. W. Mott, he engaged in the general merchandise business. Continuing in this line for two vears. he then sold out to bis brother, and engaged in the farm machiner}' business, running a branch liouse for Messrs. Moser & Moechel for two years. Then, in i)artnership with a Mr. West, he engaged in the same line of busi- ness for two seasons, at the end of which time he purciiased Mr. West's interest and con- tinued the management thereof until 1880. In this year he sold out the entire business and took a trip to New Orleans, going from thence on a visit to his native county in Michigan. After a short time spent in visiting friends in the ])lace of his nativity, he re- tui-ned to Ada, Minnesota, and engaged in the brokerage business until the spring of 1887, when he went to Minot, where he on- gaged in the general mercliandise and lumber business in company with Thorp Brothers. One month after this l)usiness was opened they were burned out, and almost the whole of their stock was destroyed, entailing a loss of about 814,000, with no insurance. In spite of this severe loss, however, the firm at once rebuilt and continued in business until in June, 1888. Mr. Mott then sold his interest to his partnei's and engaged in dealing in horses, buying and shipping, and also run- ning a livery. In July of that year he went to Fertile, Polk county, where he opened in the same kind of Inisiness. He still owns a fine residence in the town of Ada, and also has a livery in Fosston. Mr. ]\Iott was married in Caledonia, Da- kota, to Miss Nora A. Campbell, daughter of James V. and Lydia (Ilarronn) Campliell. Mr. and Mrs. Mott have oneciiild — Isla May. Mr. Mott is of English ancestry, and liis family can be traced back for many years. They were people of wealth and high social position and left large fortunes, which will one day be distributed among the American descendants. Mr. Mott is a wide-awake, energetic business man, and has taken a deej) interest in all public matters since coming to Fertile. He is a genial, warm-hearted, pleas- PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 707 ant gentleman, and is liked and esteemed b}'' all who know him. While residing in Ada he held the office of justice of the peace, and is now constable of the town in which he liv'es. He is a leading member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen of Ada. -.^- ^^UNDER OLSON, the present incum- ^^A bent of tiie office of sheriff of Walsh county, North Dakota, is one of the most prominent and efficient officers in the great Northwest. He is a resident of the city of Grafton, Walsh county, North Dakota, where he is entjajred in his official duties. He is a native of the kingdom of Norway, born in Seljord, Telmarken, Norway, on tiie 8th day of September, 1852, and is the son of Ole and Torbor (Salie) Knutson, also natives of that kingdom. The parents of of our subject emigrated to the United States in about 1852 and located in the State of Iowa, where they still remain. Mr. Olson, of whom this article treats, commenced in life for himself at the age of nine years, when he went and lived with his aunt, doing chores and odd errands for her and attending the common schools until he was ten or twelve years of age. He then engaged in farming, working by the month, at which he engaged until he was about twenty-three years old. He then engaged in the farm mq,chinery business, in Winneshiek and How- ard counties, Iowa, but finding that he could make more money at farming, worked for a Mr. Bean on a farm for eight years. At the expiration of that time he engaged in farming on his own account, and in the spring of 1882 removed to Dakota and set- tled in Walsii county, where betook a liome- stead of IGO acres on section 29, Lampton township. He then sold his farm to his brother Jaines, and after his brother proveil up on it our subject purchased the land and then hired out to Sproot, Orniston & Com- pany, of Grand Forks, to sell farm machinery. After working for that firm for ten months he hired out to A. J. Stacy, with whom he worked for one year. Our subject then, in partnership with John Code and Fred Car- penter, purchased the business, which they carried on together for one year, when he was elected to the office of county sheriff, which position he has since held. He is well known throughout that section of the country, and is highly esteemed for the thoroughness in which he discharges the duties devolving ujwn his position. Mr. Olson was united in mar- riage in Winneshiek county, Iowa, on the 10th of September, 1885, to Miss Ann Thompson, and this union has been blessed with one child — Alletie Gleora. In addition to his official duties he is engaged in the farm machinery business in Park Eiver, where he employs five men and is one of the leading business citizens. In political matters he affiliates with the republican party. Since he has been in the office of sheriff he has had two murderers under his charge; the first one killed his own brotlier and then died in the insane asylum. The other was James Col- lins, who killed Lyman Moore on the ith of July, 1888. After he was captured there were strong demonstrations of lynching him, and our subject telegraphed for the Grafton militia, bringing them here on a special train in time to stop further proceedings. Collins was convicted and was sentenced for life. P^ARL M. IVERSLIE. The gentleman ^^y whose name heads tjjis article is a resident of Belgrade village, Stearns county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in the gen- eral merchandising business in partnership with Mr. Erickson, the firm name being Ei'ickson & Iverslie. He is a native of the State of Wisconsin, born in Waupaca count}'. 7o8 RED RTVER VALLEY AND on the 22d of January, 1804, and is the son of Thomas and Andrea (Torgorson) Iverslie, natives of Norway. Mr. IversHe, the subject of this biograpliy, remained in liis native State but a short time, his parents moving to Minnesota when he was four months old and settling in Kandi\^ohi county, where they took a home- stead and engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Our suljject remained with his parents and attended school until he was nineteen years of age, when he commenced in life for himself. He then went to "Will- mar, and, after attending school for one winter, rented a farm and engaged in farm- ing on his own account until October, 1886. He then removed to the village of Belgrade, Stearns count}^ Minnesota, and in partner- ship with Mr. Erickson established a general merchandise store, which they have since carried on. They are doing a good l)usiness and are carrying about a $5,000 stock. They have a liberal share of the general patronage and are highly esteemed for their fair and upright dealing. Mr. Iverslie was married December 20, 1888, to Miss Lena Berg, of Kandiyohi county. Our subject is a republican in his political affiliations, and now holds the office of village recoi-der. He is a gentleman of integrit}' and honor and is actively inter- ested in all local matters. -*"JS{^"4^> ALTER C. AINSWORTH, a pros- perous and esteemed farmer of Wilkin county, Minnesota, is engaged in agricidturai operations on section 30, town- ship 132, range 45. He is a native of New York, born in Cazenovia, Madison count}'. New York, February 27, 1839, and is a son of Pharmenus Ainsworth, also a native of the same place. Our subject's mother's luinie before her marriage was Miss Keziah Webber. She died in 1848. They were the parents of four children — Lucian, Lucretia, Walter and Harriette. Mr. Ainsworth received his education in Cazenovia, where he attended school until he was fifteen years old. He was then thrown upon his own resources, and for the succeeding five years engaged in the creamery business. He followed tiiat vocation in con- nection with farming until he removed to Minnesota, locating in Wilkin county. In 1861, on May 11, he enlisted in the Thirty- fifth New York Infantrv, and served until June 13, 1863, when he was honoraijjy dis- charged at Elmira, New York. He partici- pated in the battles of Bull Run (second battle), Antietam and Frederickslnirg. A fter his discharge he returned to New York and followed the creamery business until he removed to Minnesota. Since settling in Wilkin county he has been successfulh- engaged in general farming and stock-raising, and is one of the leading farmers in the county. Mr. Ainsworth was married April l.'J. 1S(!1, to Miss Elenora S. Davis, and this union has been blessed with one child — Leurell. Mrs. Ainsworth was educated in her native county, Madison count}'. New York, and is a daughter of Edmund and Ada C. (Curtis) Davis, natives of Connecticut. Her father died in 1855, and the mother in 1885. Our subject is one of the leading and sub- stantial men of the county. He is a stanch democrat in his jjolitical affiliations. He is a man of integrity and honor, anil an exem- plary citizen. ■HAUNCEY L. BAXTER. Prominent among the leading and successful attoi'- neys in the Park Regions of Minnesota is the subject of this article, a resident of the vil- lage of Perham, Otter Tail count}', IMinne- sota, wliere he is en"a^^ citizens of the village of Ada, Minne- sota, who are of Scandinavian birth, and who have done so much for the growtii, develop- ment and public welfare of that community, may be cited the gentleman whose name appears at the head of this article, who is engaged in carrying on the agricidtural implement business in that village. Born in the kingdom of Norway, January IS, 1853, Mr. Myran I'emained in that far northern land with his parents until 1868, when the family, with the natural ambition to better their condition, bade farewell to their native land, and, crossing the wild and stormy Atlantic, landed after a tedious voy- age on the shores of the New World. They for about a year made their home in the State of Illinois, but in 1869 removed to Goodhue county, Minnesota, where our sub- ject was reared to manhood on a farm. His earlier education was obtained in the land of his birth, where the school-house is better appreciated than an\' where else in Europe, and finished in this State. Mr. Myran remained at home Avith his parents, assisting his father in the family nuiintenance until he had attained his majority, and then, with the view of following a mercantile life, entered a store and was there employed as a clerk and salesman for a j'ear or two. At the e.\])iration of that time he removed to the extreme western part of Minnesota, and tak- ing up a claim in Lincoln county, com- menced to open up a farm. For some five or six years he remained there, following agricultural pursuits, but in May, 1881, came to Ada, and foreseeing its future prosperity and promise, decided to locate there. He at once had erected the building known as the Northwestern Hotel, which he had ready by July 1st, and which he opened, as landlord, at that time. He continued at the head of that hostelry until the fall of 1882, when he leased it to another party and devoted his attention to the sale of agricultural machiner}', steam threshing machines and engines, a business which he has followed with excellent success ever since. During his residence here he has erected several business houses, part of which he has sold and a portion rented. Besides 712 RED Kir ER VALLEY AND his ])ropert3' in the village he is the owner of a tine farm of 315 acres of excellent arable land in the county, 100 acres of which are under cultivation. In all movements for the general welfare of the community or the prosperity of the vil- lage, Mr. Myran is ever foremost, and merits and receives the respect and esteem of all with whom he comes in contact. The inde- pendence of his nature, so strongly charac- teristic of the race from which he sprang, has won him many friends, whom he has strongly attached to liimself by his kindly and affable manners. Mr. Myran was united in marriage in 1875 with Miss Mar}' Nelson, who, however, died October 19, 1886, leaving three children. In ISST Mr. Myran married Miss Carrie Nelson, but two months later she was taken a\vay bv death. -*— ; ^^►' ^^EORGE H. CLARK, one of the prom- ^^A inent farmers of Wadena county, Minnesota, lives about two miles south of Yerndale. He was one of the first settlers of that village, having located there in the spring of 1878. In November of the year previous he left Floyd county, Iowa, where he then lived, and came up into the State of Minnesota to prospect and find, if possible, a desirable location. After traveling over considerable territory he finally landed in the southern part of Wadena county, and, being taken with the looks and lay of the country, he concluded that here was the place to locate. So, after a short time, he returned to Iowa, and on the last dav of Ajtril, 1S7S, left his home in that State, and in company with Wash. Young, Eugene Smith, the family of L. W. Smith, and with six teams and a lot of cattle drove across the country, reaching Wadena county, May 19th, of that year. This was a long. tedious trip overland, but was not without its pleasant side. They were twenty days on the waj% and saw much delightful country, coining l>y way of Albert Lea. Waseca, Litchliekl, Sauk Centre and Parker's Prairie. As soon as Mr. Clark arrived he at once commenced operations and broke a portion of the eighty acres of land which he had pur- chased the fall before. He also put up a 2)art of the present Bolton House and called it the Clark House, where he engaged in running a hotel for three j'ears. He then rented the property, but remained as a resi- dent of the village until 1882. In the fall of that year he sold his hotel, and conclud- ing to turn his attention to agricultural pursuits, purch.ased a fai'm one mile south of the village. He broke 100 acres of land on this place and continued his farming opera- tions there for four years. Then, in company with his son, he purchased another farm, which was run for a time as a partnership business. In the fall of 1888 he purchased his present place, two miles south of the village. Mr. Clark is a native of Gallia county. Ohio, where he was born in 1829. Mr. Clark was much attached to his early home and re- mained with his parents, acquiring a good com- mon school education, until he was twenty- one 3'ears of age. He then started out to face life's duties alone, removing to Stark county, Illinois, where he engaged in farming: for two years. Then in the spring of 1852 he started with his wife and two other families to go by team to Chickasaw county, Iowa, where he became one of the first settlers. They settled on Government land witiiiii one- half mile of where Nashua now stands, liuilding a log cabin, he covered it over with bark and laid the floor of "puncheons," and lived in this primitive dwelling for some two years. He then concluded to find some place near what he called civilization, so he sold his farm and removed to Floyd county, PARK' REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 713 where lie turned his attention to speculating in farms until the spring of 1878, at which time he removed to Wadena county, Min- nesota. Wliile in Floyd county, Iowa, he opened up seven new fai'nis, his plan being to purchase unimproved lands, impi'ove them tiioroughly, then sell out and again move upon a new unimproved farm and follow the same plan as before. In this way Mr. Clark accumulated considerable means, and became one of the prominent citizens of Floyd county Mr. Clark was married September 13, ISiS, to Miss N. C. Armstrong, a native of Gallia county, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Clark have a family of seven children — six daughters and one son — all of whom are still living and all but one married. Mr. Clark has lived along life of usefulness which has been at the same time filled with difficulties and embarrassments; but in spite of these hardships, such as are experienced by the pioneer settlers of every country, he has lived through it all to now enjoy the blessings and comforts resulting from a well- spent and honorable career. In his business ventures he has been at all times the recipient of merited success. In all public matters he has proven himself liberal spirited and by his energy and push in public as well as private matters has drawn to himself many warm friends, aJid is respected and esteemed bv all who know him. -.^►^ h5^R. L. B. WOOLSON, who will form the subject of our present article, is the leading physician of At water, Kandi- yolii county, Minnesota. He is an old settler of that place, having been prominently identi- fied with its business interests and his name is indissolubly associated with its historv. A kindly, genial gentleman, a man of high character and integrity, and a skillful piiysi- cian, he is highly esteemed both profession- ally and as an exemplary citizen. Dr. Woolson was born in Plainfield, "Wash- ington county, Vermont, on the 7th of Sep- tember, 1812, and is a son of Charles E. and Susana (Bancroft) Woolson. His mother came from one of the most intellectual and noted families known to American genealogy, being a niece of the historian, George Ban- croft. The father of our subject was drum- major of a regiment during the War of 1812, and participated in the battle of Plattsburg. Charles E. Woolson and wife were the parents of ten children — Preston, Fannie, George (all of whom died in childhood), Ephraim, Moses, Sarah (died April 11, 1888, aged ninety-one), Gardner, Albina, Loina and George. The father moved to A^ernon, Oneida county. New York, in ISK!, where the family was raised and educated. Dr. Woolson, whose name heads our present article, was raised and educated in Syracuse, New York. He received an excel- lent education, attending the common schools and taking a course at the high school in that city. He then took a thorough and practi- cal course of reading in medicine at Favette- ville. New York. In 1856 he came to the then Territory of Minnesota, landing at the village of St. Paul on the 12th of March. He went to Shakopee, where he remained two months and then settled at Belle Plaine, Scott county. Minnesota. There he kept the old Basswood Hotel, and took an active and prominent part in the development of that locality, remaining there until 1871. During that year he came to At water, Kandiyohi count}', where he has since lived. He has practiced medicine continuously since his settlement hei'e, and in 1S76 opened a drug store, which he ran in connection until it was destroyed bj= fire in May, 1888. The doctor is a republican in political matters. He is still hale and hearty, having borne well the brunt of lif(;'s l)attles, and after a ;i4 SED RIVEK VALLEY AND long life of usefulness and uncommon activ- ity is spending iiis declining N'oars, enjoy- ing, in tlie fullest sense, the esteem and regard of all who know liini. Tiie doctor was married on tlie 22d of June, 1835, to Miss Annie Downie, of Esper- ence, New York. Slie died March 31, 1S88, aged seventv-one years. "4- -«" JOHN PETERSON, one of the successful and enterprising farmers of Lund town- sliip, Douglas county, Minnesota, is a native of Sweden. lie was born in Smallen, Sweden, January 13, 1850, and is the son of Swan and Anna (Daniels) Peterson, natives of that king- dom. There was a family of five children — Sopiiia, Matilda, Jenetta, John and Emil. Our subject came to the United States in 1859 with his parents, and settled in Red Wing, Minne- sota. They i-emained there for two years, and then removed to a farm ten miles from Spring Creek, Goodime county, Minnesota. They followed agricultural pursuits on this place for one year, when they settled in the town of Goodhue, in Goodhue county. After remaining in this place for one year and a half they returned to the old farm, and the parents of our subject soon moved to St. Cloud, Minnesota, and from there journeyed to Douglas county. The mother died in lS(i3, and the father is now living in Grant count}', Minnesota. The subject of this biographical sketch received his education in Cannon Falls, Minnesota, and at the early age of fourteen years commenced in life for himself. As soon as he had reached the requisite age he homesteaded 160 acres of land in Lund townsliip, Douglas county, Minnes()ta,where he has since resided. His well-cultivated land lies in sections 27 and 28, and comprises 463 acres. In January, 1865, Mr. Peterson enlisted in the Minnesota Heavy Artillery, entering and leaving as a private. While in the service he went as far south as (yhatta- nooga, Tennessee, and was honoi'ably dis- charged at Fort Snelling, Minnesota, in the fall of 1865. Mr. Peterson was united in nuiri-iage December 26, 1879, to Miss Emma P>ergrin, by whom three children have Ijeen l)orn — Oscar A., Clara J. and Aarnt V. Mrs. Peter- son is a native of Sweden. The family are members of the Luthei'an church, of which organization Mr. Peterson is a deacon. He is one of the substantial and enterprising citizens of his town and county, and takes an active part in all puljlic and educational matters. He holds the office of supervisor of his township, and is school treasurer ; lie is also a member of the Grand Army of tlie lte[)ublic. Ml-. Petei'son is extensively engaged in general farming and stock-raising, dealin '^P^HEODORE FRAZEE, a prominent tlj merchant of the village of Pelican Eapids, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, is engaged in a large and successful general merchandising business. He is a native of the State of Ohio, born in Vinton county, Ohio, on the lUli day of May, 1848, and is a son of Ei)liraim Frazee. The parents removed to Ohio at an early day. In 1859 they removed to Arkansas, and after remaining two 3'ears went to Jonesboro, Illinois; then went back to Ohio. In 1863 they again went to Illinois, where the father died. Mr. Frazee, of whom this sketch treats, remained at home and attended school during hisbovhood days. He went with his parents to Arkansas, Illinois, Ohio, and then back asain to Illinois, where he remained about five years. In 18G8, in company with his two brothers, he removed to Minnesota, and first located in St. Cloud, Minnesota, where thev each took a farm. In December, 1868, our subject purchased one of his brother's farms, and after remaining there for about four years, went to Frazee City, which was named after his brother. Our subject took charge of the saw-mill and lumber yard of his brother's at that i)lace, and later, in partnership with his brother, bought a general merchandise store. In 1877 our sub- ject removed to the village of Pelican Rapids, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, and opened a genoi'al store, which he has since carried on. In 1882 the Bank of Pelican Kapids was established, with our subject as vice-))resident and his brother asjiresident. They are doing a general Ijanking business. Mr. Frazee is one of the most prominent business men of that region, and is doing an extensive general merchaiulise i)usiness throughout that section of the countJ^ Mr. Frazee was united in marriage on the 1st day of July, 1869, to Miss Mai'v Cox, and this union has been blessed with six chihlren, the following-named three now living — Arthur, Eoy and Oliver. In political mat- ters Mr. Frazee is an adherent to the princi- ples of the democratic party. -«" .^^^ fOHN BECKER, a prominent dry goods merchant of the village of Wadena, Wadena county, Minnesota, is a native of the empire of Germany. He was born in 1850. He spent his younger days in the school rooms of his native land, having access to the superior educational advantages of that country. In 1873 he emigrated to the United States and removed to Indiana, where he secured employment at farm labor. In 1874 he moved to Minnesota and settled at Red Wing, where he worked on a faiin for about six months. At the expiration of that time he engaged in the peddler's mer- cantile business and for some time sold his wares through the northern ])art of the PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 723 State. Upon arriving in Wadena he decided that it would be a good place to locate. In July, 1879, he settled in the village, pur- chased a lot and erected a small dwelling- house, lie opened a saloon and also a mer- cantile establishment, which he operated for some time. He then relinquished his mer- cantile business and for a year or two devoted his whole attention to the liquor business. In 1SS3 he erected his present store, and after having rented it for two years, he, in 1885, gave up the liquor trade and put in a full line of dry goods, groceries, gents' furnishing goods, etc., which he has since continued to operate. He is one of the most prominent and extensive merchants in the village and in addition to his present business he owns the postoiRce building, two other stores, his commodious residence, and forty acres of land north of town. Mr. Becker was united in marriage in February, 1883, to Miss Mary Peiter, and this union has been blessed with two chil- dren, named as follows — William J. M. and Adolph. Mr. Becker and his family be- lonof to the Evangelical Lutheran church. He is a representative and esteemed citizen, and is a man of the utmost honor and integ- rity, his word being considered as good as a bond. v^- ^4*- JOHN A. DANIELSON. The subject of this biographical sketch is engaged in the mercantile business in the village of Lake Park, Becker county, Minnesota. He is a native of Sweden, born on the 4th day of July, 1853, and is the son of Daniel and Sarah (Anderson) Danielson, natives also of Sweden. The father, who was a farmer and miller by trade, came to the United States in 1868 and settled in Kansas, where he remained two years. In 1870 the family emigrated to the United States and located in St. Paul, Minnesota, where they i-eraained a few months, and fi-om there they removed to Becker county, Minnesota, where they settled in Lake Park township. The father pre-empted land about three miles from the village, and has since been actively engaged in general farming operations. The father and mother of our subject were the parents of the following children — Caisa, Carl, Olof, John and Edwin. Mr. Danielson, of whom this sketch treats, received his education in his native land, and in 1870 emigi'ated to the United States. After a voyage of eleven days he landed in New York, and went directly to Minnesota, settling in St. Paul. There he secured a position as clerk, and remained in that capa- city for about seven years. In 1876 he pur- chased land in Clay county, and at the expiration of the seven years removed to his farm and commenced farming. He erected a dwelling-house and improved the farm, remaining there for three years. He settled permanently in Lake Park in 1878, and secured a position as clerk in the general merchandising store of R. H. Abraham, with whom he remained three years. Our subject then purchased the stock of his emploj'er and engaged in the same business on his own account. He carries a full line of goods, and is doing an extensive business. In 1885 he built his present elevator on the ISTorthern Pacific Railroad, and is extensively engaged in the wheat business. Mr. Danielson was married on the 15tli day of August, 1886, to Miss Helma Ander- son, a native of Sweden and the daughter of Gustuf and Margaretha Anderson, also natives of that kingdom. Our subject and his wife belong to the Lutheran church, of which organization he is secretary. He aflBl- iates with the republican party, and any laudable home enterprise receives his hearty support. He has been treasurer of the vil- lage, and is one of the leading men of the county. 724 RED RIVER VALLEY AND m UON. E. G. HOLMES is the president of the First National Bank of Detroit, Becker county, ]\Iinnesota, and is one of the solid financial characters of the city. He is at present State senator from the Forty- fourtii senatorial district of Minnesota, and is one of the most influential members of tlie upper liouse of the legislature. Mr. llohnes is a native of Madison count}'. New York, wliere he was born in IS-tl. His parents, Henry and Almira (Denison) Holmes came to Madison county. New York, from the place of their nativity at Stonington, Connecticut, in an early day. The father for many years was a prominent merchant and wealthy man in New York. Some years before his death he had retired from active life, and was living in the enjoy- ment of blessings and comforts resulting from a long, successful career. The grand- parents came to this country from England, and the family, therefore, ti'aces its history back into English ancestry, among which are to be found men ami women of high staniling. The subject of our sketch remained with his parents in the State of New York until he had nearly attained his majority. Dur- ing his early life he lived on a farm, contin- uinii: thereon and attendini^ school at everv opportunity from the age of twelve years to twenty. Then, on the 18th of April, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Twenty-sixth Regiment, New York Yolunteers,enteringthe ranks as a private. He saw service for two long \'ears, and particijiated in the second battle of Bull Run, where he was taken pris- oner b}' the rebels. Shortly after his cap- ture he was paroled and returned to the loyal States. Going to Chicago, Illinois, he entered Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College, from whicii institution he gradu- ated about one year later. From thence he removed to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he engaged in clerking in a mercantile estab- lishment for the period of two j'ears. From thence he removed to Holmes City, Douglas count}', same State, where he engaged in a mercantile career, continuing with good success some two years, at which time he removed to Otter Tail City, opening a store at that place and also one at Detroit in 1871. Moving to Detroit in 1872 he then made his |)erniancnt settlement, erecting the first frame building in the count}', and also becoming first merchant therein. Mr. Holmes engaged in the baidving business in 1S74, becoming cashier of the Bank of Detroit, whicii institution is now known as tiie First National Bank, to which it was changed in 1885, one year after the subject of our sketch became its president. In ]niblic euter]>i'ises and improvements Mr. Holmes has always been a prominent character. He built the Minnesota Hotel, a summer resort for tourists, at Detroit, in 1883. He built the large block on Washington avenue opposite where the First National Bank now stands, containing several stores and an opera house. In July of 1888 this large building was destroyed l)y fire. He has laid out three additions to tiie city of Detroit, besides owning the old Minneapolis fair grounds, consisting of eighty acres of land, now platted into lots, and which, in 1887, cost him s260,(Hi(i. He is a large landholder, owning some 17,000 acres of excellent land in Becker and adjoining counties. In 18(i9 Mr. Holmes was united in mar- riage to Lucy Sherman, of St. Cloud, Min- nesota. The subject of our sketch is one of the most ijrominent re])ublicans in this part of Minnesota, is a leading member of the Masonic fraternity, and one of the most influ- ential of Becker county's wealthy men. His business interests have been many and of varied kinds, and in whatever lines his attention has been occupied he has always met with the highest degree of success. For PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 725 years past lie lias taken large contracts for furnishing lumber and ties for the I^orthern Pacific Railroad Conipan3\ out of which he has realized large sums of money. He owns numerous buildings in Detroit and lives in a beautiful and costly residence in the southern part of the city. A man of the strictest integrity, the word of E. G. Holmes is recog- nized as being- as good as a bond. :-^— EV. ISAAC F. DAVIDSON, the pres- ILJH>' ent jiastor of the Methodist E]iiscopal church in Warren, Marshall county, Min- nesota, is a native of Canada. He was born in Oxford county, Ontario, Canada, on the Gth of March, ISCO, and is the son of Isaac and Christiana (Cameron) Davidson, also natives of Ontario, Canada. The father of our sub- ject was of Irish descent, and the mother was of Scotch extraction. Mr. Davidson, of which this article treats, remained on the home farm, with the usual educational advantages of the comlnon schools until he had attained the age of twenty-three years. He then worked on a farm for one year, and then decided to follow the ministry, feeling called to that profession. His first regular charge was in Pelican Pa])ids, Min- nesota, although he had done considei'able work in this line while in Manitoba. After remaining in Pelican Papidsnine months, in October, 1SS5, he removed to Osakis. Minne- sota, where he had charge of the Methodist congregation for two 3'ears. At the expira- tion of that time he was stationed at Aitkin, Minnesota, and for the succeeding j'ear had charge of the church at that place. During three months of that time, however, on account of sickness, his pulpit was filled l)y a supply. On the IGth of October, 1888, he removed to "WaiTen, Marshall county, Minnesota, where he has since discharged his ministerial duties. He is an able minis- ter, a man of wide reading and information, a true Christian, and is highl}' esteemed by all who know him. Mr. Davidson was united in marriage on the 10th of April, 1883, to Miss Eva A. Holmes, and this union has been blessed with two children — Etta Grace and Francis Willford. Mrs. Davidson was born in Nova Scotia, and is the daughter of Joshua and Naoma (Lockheart) Holmes, also natives of Nova Scotia. Our subject is a member of the Independent Order of Odd-Fellows. He is an exemplary citizen, and a man of more than ordinary al)ility. — -♦- r-» OHN BRENEMAN, a farmer who resides '0 at Caledonia, is one of the most liighly respected as well as solid and substantial citizens of Traill county, North Dakota. He was born in Clarion county, Pennsyl- vania, July 22, 1836, and is a son of John and Mary (Young) Breneman, who were also natives of Pennsylvania. Our subject was brought up on the farm with his parents, attending school until he was about fifteen 3' ears old and then engaged in boat buililing, although he made his home with his parents until he attained his majority, having been given his " time " by his father when nineteen years old. When he was twenty-one years of age, in 1857, our subject went to Houston county, Minnesota, where he was employed at carpenter work for about two years. In 1859 he crossed the plains to Pike's Peak, Colorado, and engaged in gold-mining, his partner being John McDonahugh. His success at mining was not very satisfactory and they went to Kansas City, Missouri, and from there with a Government train to Salt Lake City. They then engaged in hunting and trapping through Colorado and the far Southwest. At this they were very successful, killing as many as 726 RED KIVEK VALLEY AND ninety-six buflfaloes in one clay. They endured many hardships and went through many perilous and exciting adventures. They were among the Indians a good deal, but never had any serious trouble with them until just as tliey were leaving, when tiie redskins fired upon them and tried to stampede their stock. In 1860 they returned to Houston county, Minnesota, but our suliject did not do much of any- tliing until ISGl. On tlie 26th of Sep- temltei, 1861, he enlisted in Compan\' M, Eighth Missouri Volunteer Zouaves, the only regiment with twelve companies in the service. He served for three years, or until the expiration of his term of enlistment, and participated in the following battles : Fort Henry, Fort Hymen, Fort Donaldson, Pitts- burg, Shiloh, Corinth, Haines" Bluif, Vicks- burg, Arkansaw Post, and Jackson, Tennes- see. He then went back to Memphis, where he was appointed wagon-master, and he held that position until he was mustered out of the service. From Memphis he went to Atlanta and participated in the siege; then went to Blue Mountain at the time Sherman was in pursuit of Hood. About this time Sherman ordered the wagon-train cut down to serviceable dimensions. Our subject fol- lowed orders, and secured a man named James Carr to take charge of the train, while he got the balance of his train and effects ready to turn over to the Government at Chattanooga. In the meantime Sherman had commenced his "March to the Sea," and as our subject was too late to join this ex- pedition he returned to iiis home in Min- nesota. He was engaged in clerking during that winter and then went to the Pennsyl- vania oil fields and worked around the oil wells on Walnut Island. In the fall of 1865 he returned home, was married, and engaged in farming in Houston count}^ "While in tlie 'arm\'^ he had contracted a disease of the eves and in 1871 it terminated I in hissroinff totallv blind. He did not recover his siglit until 1874, and renuiined upon his farm until 1875. He then put in one year at grading on a railroad near Big Stone Lake, after which he returned to his farm. The next spring lie sold out and put in another season at railroad work. In the fall of 1877 he came to Traill county, Dakota, and bouglit a farm of 1(')0 acres adjoining the town site of Caledonia. He still owns tliis farm. althougli he lives in tlie village. His farm is one of the most valuable in the county and he also owns a nice residence and a business building in the village. Mr. Breneman has always taken an active interest in public affairs, and every enterprise calculated to benefit this locality receives his hearty aid and encouragement. He is a member of the Odd-Fellows fraternity, and served for four years as deputy sheriff. He is a man of the strictest integrity and his word is considered as good as a bond. Mr. Breneman was married on the 5th of November, 1865, to Miss Mary L. Patten, a daugliter of William and Mary Patten, who were natives of Scotland. Their mar- riage has been blessed with the following children— William, Mabel, Fred, Doi-a, May, Chester, John and Leon. -«-. NDREW T. LUND is one of the most prominent business men of "\'ining. Otter Tail county, Minnesota, where he is enoaired in several lines of business. In partnersliip with Mr. Nyhud he is engaged in the general merchandise trade, ])erson- ally conducts a large lumber and flour and feed business, and also has charge of the Northern Pacific elevator. In all his busi- ness except that of general merchandise he is sole proprietor. Mr. Lund was born in Kolvereid Prestejold, Norway, near the city of Throndhjem, August 10, 1848. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 727 Mr. Lund is tlie son of Targoe B. and Bolatba IVI. (Andrews) Lund, both of whom were natives of Norway. During his whole life-time the father was a sailor and held the position of mate on a sailing vessel. He also farmed to some extent, and was one of the best known persons along the coast of Norway. Andrew T. spent liis early years with his parents in the old country. He attended the common schools and obtained a good education. In June, 1866, he came to America, landing at Quebec, where he remained but one week, and from thence came westwanl to St. Croix county, Wiscon- sin. He worked for farmers in the neigh- borhood until winter came upon them and the ground became so frozen as to stop \vork. He then took his departure and started for Menomonee, fifty miles distant. He started out with but little money, and was forced to walk the entire distance, which he did in one day. Reaching that point, he hired out to Knap, Stout «fc Company, lumbermen, for whom he worked fifteen months. He then returned to St. Croix count}', and the next summer, in company with a man b}"^ the name of Myher, bought six yoke of oxen, and ran a breaking team until the next fall. He then secured work in a saw-mill owned by a man named Bailey, continuing to work for him for §26 per month, but, sad to say, has never received one cent for tliat winter's work. His next move was to New Eichmond, Wisconsin, where he hired out to a man by the name of Jacobs, owner of a large lumber business and a large farm. Mr. Lund continued working in the woods dur- ing tlie winter, and in tlie spring found work on the river, in the summer finding work on the farm. Mr. Lund remained in the emploj^ of Mr. Jacobs for eight years, at the end of which time he went to Hudson, Wisconsin, where lie engaged at car|>entering and paint- ing until 1S70. \\\ tiiat year he went to Otter Tail county, Minnesota, settling on a homestead, where he has continued to live ever since. His land being the town site of Vining, much of the building that has been done in Vining has been done through his instrumentality. He laid the side-track for the railroad company, working about thirty men, and made numer- ous other improvements. He was appointed postmaster during President Garfield's administration and holds the office yet, having also established the postoffice. November 5, 1871, Mr. Lund was united in the bonds of wedlock to Miss Anna K. Ammondson, a native of Norway. Eleven children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Lund, eight of whom are now living — Tiiea A., Melvin B., Charles A., Oscar A., Harry A., Andrew T., Emil A. and Godrund O. Mr. Lund has been closely identified with the business and financial interests of Vining since its foundation, and in every way has he striven to add to its prosperity and rapid growth. Being the earliest settler and the owner of the town site on which the village stands, he is certainly entitled to the right of being called the father of the town. He is a man of broad ideas, thoughtful and in- telligent, and thoroughly posted on the cur- rent events of the day. He is indeed a self- made man, iiaving acquired nearly all of his store knowledge by private study and in- struction. He is a leading member of the Lutheran church, ami also of the L O. O. F. In politics he affiliates with the republican party. He has held numerous offices of trust within the gift of the people, and in every case has proven himself worthy and capable. He has been town clerk, justice of the peace nine years, and a member of the board of school directors. He owns con- siderable valuable property, notably six hundred acres of land adjoining the town site of Vining, and has one of the finest country residences in the Park Regions, 728 RED RIVER VALLE V AND Mr. Lund became most widely known in the years 18S1, 1882 and 1883, when the question of liquor license came up in his town, at whicli time he used all his power and inlhience to keep the same out of his township, which he succeeded in doing, and his town lias been a temperance town ever since. RTHUR W. SHEETS. Most promi- P>A nent among the members of the edi- torial fraternity of the famous Park Regions of Minnesota is the gentleman whose name heads this article, a resident of Long Prairie, Todd county, where he publishes the 7wW Countij Arijus. He is a native of Indiana, born in Randolph county, on the 9th of October, 1851, and is the son of Lewis and Catharine (Sarff) Sheets, natives of Ohio and Pennsylvania, respectively. In 1830 the parents of our subject settled in Indiana, where they remained, engaged in farming, until 1871. They then removed to Todd county, Minnesota, where they have since remained, following agricultural pursuits. The}' are the parents of the following-named children — John II., Arthur W., Sophrona E., William P. and Lew C. Mr. Sheets, of whom this article treats, received his education in Indiana and Minne- sota. Pie attended the common schools and Ridgeville College of his native State until he had attained the age of twenty years, at which time he removed with his parents to Minnesota. lie completed his education in Carlton College, Northfield, Minnesota,where he attended during 1872 and 1873. After leaving school he engaged in the profession of school-teaching for two j^ears, in Todd and Goodhue counties. In April, 1876, lie formed a partnership with his brother, J. II. Sheets, in the newspaper business and this arrangement continued until January 1, 1880. He then became foreman for W. C. Brower, who purchased the Argus, and this arrangement continued until October 8, 1880. At that time Mr. Sheets purchased the ])aper and lias since been actively engaged in its publication, his brother retir- ing from the business in 1888. The paper has an extensive circulation, both in Todd and adjoining counties, and has a great influ- ence in all local matters. Mr. Sheets is a thorough scholar and is reco<;nized as one of the ablest editorial writers in the Park Regions. Mr. Sheets, the subject of this memoir, was united in marriage December 31, 1876, to Miss A. Ella M. Cosson, and this union has been blessed with seven ciiildren, named as follows — Royden L., Joim W., Arthur L., Ralph M., Ivan and Sylvan (twins), and Mer- riam C. Mrs. Slieets is a native of Rice county, Minnesota, and completed her edu- cation in Sauk Centre. For four years after graduation she engaged in school-teaching in Todd county, Minnesota. She is the daughter of Hon. Caleb Cosson. Her fatlier is a farmer. In 1862 he was a repre- sentative in the State legislature. Mr. Sheets is a republican in his political affiliations and is one of the prominent men of the village. He and his familv belono' to the Metiiodist Episcopal church, of which organization he is steward and trustee. From 1883 until 1885 he lieid tiie oflice of ]iost master of Long Prairie. lie is a mem- ijcr of tlie Odd-Fellows fraternitv. -■»- -** WILLIAM BUDGE, wlio is closely identified witli I'eai estate matters at Grand Forks, North Dakota, deserves especial mention in a voliuiie devoted to the prominent men of the Red River Valley. He has been closely connected with the history of tiiis region since its earliest settlement, and, PARK REGIONS OF M/N.VESO TA. 729 associated with Captain Griggs in many important enterprises, lias done a great deal to aitl in tlie growth and development of Grand Forks and vicinity. A man of wide experience, energetic, enterprising and liberal, no man has done more to promote the general welfare, and his name is indissolubly associated with the history of the valley. A man of high character and the strictest integrity, his word is as good as a bond, and he is highly esteemed both as a business man and an exemplary citizen. -♦► WILLIAM D. BATES, editor and pro- prietor of the daily and weekly Herald of Grafton, North Dakota, is one of the leading newspaper men in the Red River Valley and Js^orth Dakota. He is a native of New York State, born in Cherry Valle}', Otsego county, on the 29th day of January, 1S59, and is the son of William and Mary (Gill) Bates, natives of New York and Ire land, respectively. Mr. Bates, the subject of this biograph- ical review, received his education in the district schools of his native State, and at the age of twelve years entered a printing office and served for one j'ear as a " devil." He then removed with his parents to Min- nesota, and located in Hastings, where he entered a three-years' apprenticeship in the Hastings Gazette othce. After serving his time he worked in the office of the Hastings New Era, and after remaining with them one year was forced on account of his health to return to his father's farm in Sibley county, Minnesota, where he remained one year engaged in manual labor. He then went back to Hastings and i-esumed his position, but in the winter of 1879 he removed to St. Cloud, Minnesota, and worked on the Journal Press for about six months. At the expira- tion of that time he removed to Glencoe, Minnesota, and took charge of the Glencoe Enterprise. In the fall of 1880, in partner- ship with A. G. Ansell, he leased the paper and I'an it eighteen months, when Ansell's health failed and he had to leave for a more genial climate. In the spring of 1882 he re- turned, and the}' started a job office, but find- ing: that the business did not vield enough in- come for them both, our subject retii'ed from the business, and in August, 18S2, went to Dakota, and for the succeeding eighteen months was foreman of the mechanical department of the Grand Torks Daili/ Herald. He then removed to Grafton and took charge of the News and Times, which position he occupied until 1884. In the fall of 1884 he jjurchased the Park River Gazette, which he published three years, with the best of suc- cess, increasing the paper from a three col- umn to a nine, and building up the circula- tion from 113 to 2,000 copies. He paid $600 for the office, and after three years sold the good-will and reputation of the paper for $1,000. He then removed his tvpe, press, machinery, etc., to Grafton, and in the fall of 1887 purchased the Grafton Herald, a jiaper which, on account of poor management, had lost its patronage. He at once put in a first-class office, together with a River power press, employed ten men, and rapidly brought the paper from a 300 circulation up to 1,200. On the 1st of March he started the Dally Herald, and now has a good start, and as , long as his pati-ons give him hearty and proper encouragement he will give tliem a first-class paper. Mr. Bates was married in Sauk Rapiils, Minnesota, on the 4th of January, 1881, to Miss Susie May hew, the daughter of Capt. G. B. and Melissa (Smith) Mayhew. Mr. and Mrs. Bates, in this union, have been blessed with two children — George and DeWitt. Our subject is actively interested in all local matters. He is a man of determination and 730 KED RIVER VALLEY AND perseverance, and the excellent judgment, courtes}' and sound common sense wliich have characterized his management of the paper have given him a higii place in news- papei' circles of North Dakota. -«- .-^^ p^DWARD CONNELLY, who was one Vl^ of tiie earliest settlcrsof Wilkin county, Minnesota, is a resident of section IG, tou'n- siiip 133, range 47. where he owns a section of land and is engao'ed in general fai'ming: and stock-raising. He located in AVilkin county in 1859, but went on to Clay count}^, wliere he remained eighteen months, work- ing for the Hudson Bay Company in George- town. He then went to Fort Gary, Manitoba, and for two years worked as a fancy gardener. He then purchased wheat for Farrington & Company, of St. Paul, shij)ping from Fort Gary to Hatche's Battalion in Pembina. He then went to McCauleyville, in 1864, and woi'ked for D, ]\IcCauley for five years, being overseer of an o.x-train from St. Cloud to diffei'ent ])oints in Dakota. In the spring of ISCS he homesteaded his present place on section IG, town 133, range 47, where he has since remained of trees different varieties. He has one hundred head of fine graded stock and is one of the leading farmers of the county. Mr. Connelly is a native of Ireland, born in Enneskillen, county of Fei'menaugh, April 2.5, 1833, and is the son of Terrance and Catliarine (Carlon) Connelly, also natives of Ireland. The father died in 1874 and the mother in 1889. They were the parents of eight children^ — Patrick, James, Edward, John, Hugh, Thomas, Terrance and Anna. Our subject, Mr. Connelly, lived with iiis grand])arents from the age of six niontlis until lie was fifteen years old. He then emi- grated to the United States, and after land- He has an extensive grove having set out 50,000 trees of ing at Philadelphia went to New Jersey, where he I'emained seven years. He started to learn the printer's trade, but as he did not like it and the fact of five years' appren- ticeshi)). he learned gardening and followed the same while he remained there. He then removed to Minnesota, remaining in St. Paul two years, whence he went to the Red River Valley, where he has since remained. Mr. Connelly was married Mai'ch 31, 1868, to Miss Ellen McDonald, a native of Ireland and an employe of Mr. McCauley, for whom our subject woi'ked. They have been blessed with four children — Margret Catharine, Ellen Anna, Edward Terrence and Sophia Gordon. Our subject and his family belong to tlie Catholic church, of which he is a trustee. Me is a democrat in ))olitics and prominent in all local enterprises. He is a county commissioner, having held that position for two terms. He is a man of the highest integrity and honor, and is highly esteemed. iTTO F. STOLTZ, proprietor of the Argyle livery stables, Argyle, Mar- shall county, Minnesota, is a native of Wis- consin. He was born in Jefferson county, Wisconsin, and is the son of Henry and Car- rie (Boclinick) Stoltz, natives of Germany. Our subject remained on the home farm and attended school until he was twenty- two, with the exception of the winter of 1872, when he worked in the AVisconsin pin- eries. When he was nine years okl he removed to Olmsted county, IVIinnesota, with his parents. When he had attained ills twenty -second year he bought a farm, which he worked for one year, then sold out and removed to Marshall county, Minnesota, and located in Argyle, where he followed farming and took teaming contracts for five years. At the expiration of tiiat time he PARK REGIONS OF MINNESO TA. 731 purchased a barn and opened his present livery stal)le, which he lias since run. He now has a first class business, owns sixteen horses, and in addition owns a fine village residence. Mr. Stoltz was married in Olmsted county, Minnesota, on the 13th of Novem- ber, ISSd, to Miss Elizabeth Biers, a native of the State of Ohio. Her parents were of German descent. Mr. and Mr. Stoltz in this union have been blessed with two children — Lovinia and Mj'rtle. Mr. Stoltz has been constable for seven years and still holds that office. He is one of the leading and sub- stantial business men of Argyle, and is actively interested in all local enterprises. He is a man of the strictest honor and integ- rity. • ■<«• — |^Xn5\R. JOSIAH S. RICHARDSON is the leading physician and surgeon of Perhani, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. He was born March 8, 1826, in Lowell, Massa- chusetts. The subject of our sketch is the son of Josiah and Martha (Kimball) Eichardson, natives of Massachusetts. The father was a printer b}'^ occupation and was employed in that kind of work tliroughout the most of his life. The parents are both dead. They liad three children — Josiah S.. Obadiah W., and Harriette. Dr. Richardson lived with his parents during his early life, receiving his education at Lowell, Massachusetts. For three years lie attended Andover University, and then entered Harvard, from which institution he graduated in medicine in 1848, at the age of twenty-two years. After a short time he went to Wisconsin, where he remained for seven j'ears. Being located in one of the new counties in the State, he had but little ]>ractice, so turned his attention somewhat to the real estate business. From "Wisconsin he removed to Howard county, Iowa, where he engaged in the practice of his profession and also in land speculation for five years. Removing thence, for two years he practiced medicine in Forestville, Minnesota, after which, for ten years, from 1861 to 1871, he practiced in Rockford, Wright county. He then removed to Chaska, Carver county, engaging in professional work in that city until 1S79, in which year he came to Perhani, where he has since been located. Dr. Richardson was married November 20, 1854, in Waushara county, Wisconsin, to Miss Sarah Jane Jenks. Miss Jenks was born October 13, 1836, in Erie county, Ohio. She was the daughter of Aimer and Jane (McCumber) Jenks, the father a native of New York and the mother a native of Penn- sylvania. The parents are. both dead. The mother died at the age of sixt3'-five, in Wright county, Minnesota. Mr. and Mrs. Jenks had a family of five children — Sarah Jane, Oliver Augustus, Frances Augusta, Samuel Michael and David McCumber. Aimer Augustus died July 26, 1888, aged forty-seven years. The rest of the children are all living. Mrs. Dr. Richardson was educated in the high schools of Sandusky City, Ohio. Dr. and Mrs. Richardson have six children — A. O., Jennie M., Lilian Fran- ces, Howard M., Florence Lizzie and Nettie. A. O., the oldest, is one of the countv com- missioners of Otter Tail county and resides in the village of Butler. Jennie M. married George Ehrmantroit and now lives in Minneapolis. They have five children — Lily, Josiah, Carl and twins, unnamed, born January 81, 1889. Lilian Frances married Michael Popler. a resident of Butler, and by whom she has had three children. Howard M. is married, has no children, and is a resident of Butler. Florence Lizzie lives in Minneapolis, and JSettie lives with her parents. 732 KED KIVF.R VAIJ.EV AXD Dr. Richardson is a iiuin of age and mature experience. His professional life has been well and successfully spent. He is thor- ouglily qualified for the duties of his profes- sion, and has a large and extended practice. In ]>olitics he affiliates with the democratic party. -■ ■' > ■• LBERT L. HANSON. Among the prom- ir^>il_ inent and esteemed business men of the city of Hillsboro, North Dakota, is the gentleman whose name heads this biograph- ical review. He has been closely identified with tlie banking interests of the place since January, ISSl. He is a native of the State of Iowa, born in Allamakee county, on the 28th daj' of October, 1854, and is the son of H. A. and Maren (Simonson) Hanson, natives of the kingdom of Norway. They emigrated to the United States in 1851 and located in Iowa, where they liave since I'esided. ]Mr. Hanson's boyhood days were spent on the home farm with his parents, receiving the usual advantages of the district schools, and at the time of his majority he entered the State Agricultural College, from which hi! graduated with high honors on the 16th day of November, 1879. Immediately after graduation, he engaged in the banking busi- ness in Belmond, Iowa, with L. B. Clark & Co., and after remaining there, doing a successful business for one year, removed to Hill City, North Dakota, which was the former name of Hillsboro. Upon arriving there, he established the Bank of Hill City, and continued under that name uutjl the name of the city was changed to Hillsboro and was tlien ciianged to Hillsl)oro Bank, and as such continued to do l)usiness until December 7, 1885, when it was succeeded by tlie Hillsboro National Bank, which now has a capital of $50,000 and a surplus of $20,000, and is offi- cered as follows: A. L. Plummer, president; D. Peterson, vice-president ; A. L. Hanson, cashier; J. E. Hyde, assistant cashier. They have since carried on a general banking busi- ness, and are doing an extensive loan and collection business. In addition to his bank- ing interests Mr. Hanson owns eight sec- tions of fine farming lands, and has $25,000 invested in tax titles. He is one of the lead- ing and substantial business men of the place and his name is indissolubly connected with the interests and prosperity of the locality. IMr. Hanson was united in marriage in Cass county, Iowa, on the lltluhiy of April, 1881, to Miss Sylvania Caroline Carter, the daughter of Joseph and R. M. (Pearl) Carter, natives of the State of Ohio. Mrs. Hanson passed away on the 19th day of February, 1882, in Hillsboro. She was a lady of more than ordinary ability and attainments, and her loss was deepW mourned and regretted by a large circle of friends, wiio sincerely sympathize with her husband in his great bereavement. In their union Mr. and Mrs. Hanson were blessed with one child — Caro- line Alberta Leona, born February 11-, 1882, and died April 11, 18S2. Our sul)ject is a man of sterling Inisiness (jualifications antl is liighly esteemed by ail who know him. He is an exempiiUT citizen, activel}' interested in all local enter- prises, and is a strong adherent to the prin- ciples of the republican party. He is a man of the strictest integrity, and the word of A. L. Hanson is everywhere recognized as being as good as a bond. -«- «^^ ^^RANK H. STUART, M.D., the olde.st [P^ resident physician and surgeon of the village of Ada, Minnesota, of the regular or allopathic school, located in that place in Marcii, 1880. He is a native of Savannah, Georgia, born October 5, 1846. His ances- tors were of Scottish and Spanish birth. He PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 733 was reared and acquired his elemental edu- cation in the city of his birth, and in ISG'J, being tlien twenty -three years of age, com- menced the study of medicine with his father, who was also a physician, and form- ei'ly surgeon of the First Georgia Infantry, C. S. A., during the late " conflict between the States." After two j'ears of intense application he went with his father to Marietta, Georgia, were our subject acted as assistant surgeon in a field hospital for two more years. For a couple of years he was with Dr. Samuel Chipman, who was the United States Sui-geon at Atlanta, Georgia, but in 1S7() entered the Cincinnati Medical College, at Cincinnati, Ohio. After attend- ing three course? of lectures, in that institu tion, the following year he was at the Ken- tucky School of Medicine, from which col- lege he was graduated after pursuing his studies for two courses. Travel for about a year next engaged his attention, with the double object of re- cuperating his health and looking up an eligible location for his future work. In 1878 Dr. Stuart received the appointment of assistant surgeon of the Northern Pacific Railroad, with headquarters at Detroit, Min- nesota, and remained in that village attend- ing to his duties and in the practice of his profession for about eighteen months, and then resigned. Notwithstanding his early studies, and his attendance upon two excellent colleges, Dr. Stuart was not satisfied with his knowledge of his profession ; having a high ideal, he crossed the ocean in search of more light, and spent some three months in search of it at the famous college or university at Heidelberg, Germany, whence, on his re- turn to the United States, he came to Ada. He purchased some 1,500 acres of land near Warren, Marshall county, this State, with the intention of stock-raising. He had an idea tiiat the rearing of buffalo, as well as domestic cattle, would be a success, both financially and otherwise, and with this end in view procured a bull and seven buffalo cows, but after carrying on his place for about a year gave it up. From his first advent in this county Dr. Stuart has been steadily in practice, giving the larger share of his attention to surgery, until he is now in the possession of an extensive and increasing practice. His reputation as a professional man is widespread and of excellent char- acter and he practices all up and down the valley, and is often called in, in critical cases, as consulting physician, to many points between this and Washington Territoi'v. His pre-eminent success in his profession has raised him to the front i-ank among his medical brethren, and he is recognized as the leading surgeon and physician of this section of the State. The doctor has, of late years, been some- what interested in real estate, both in this State and in Detroit, Michigan, and is the present owner of the International Hotel in the latter city. He was united in marriage, in 1882, with Miss Julia Martson, of Decorah, Iowa. -«"S^i^--»' PALMER is the owner and pro]irietor of the principal meat market in Yerndale, Wadena county, Minnesota. He is one of the oldest settlers in tiie village, coming to this place from Butler count V, Iowa, April 1, 1879. He had heard a great deal about the State of Minnesota during his residence in Iowa, and concluded to locate therein. So, in company witii his brother Joseph, he started out with a team of four horses and a covered wagon to seek his fortune in the new State. They came directly to Verndale, on their route passing through St. Paul, St. Cloud, and Sauk Centre. On arriving in Verndale 734 JiF.D RIVER VALLEY ANi> he decided to remiiin, for a time at least, and test the advantages wliich ajipeared to him excellent for success in some business enter- ])rise. At this time the village consisted of a population of about one hundred people, the depot had not been built, and there were Ijut few imjirovements. For a time he engaged in team woriv and in hiring out his horses for livery purposes, his teams being tlie only ones in the village that could be obtained for said uses. That summei- lie commenced in the butcher business, opening up under straitened circumstances and being obliged to use a large tree for a slaushter-house. lie did not enter this line of work with an idea of making it perma- nent, but merely for tiie accommodation of the public for the time being. Business grew, however, and he found himself sud- denly engaged in a profitable business. So, in tiie spring of 1880, he built his present shop and commenced business on a perma- nent basis. He has ever since been engaged in tliis trade. In the spring of 18SS he put in another stock on the south siile of the raih'oad track and still runs both markets. During Mr. I'almer's business life here he has found much sharp competition, there having been thirty-seven other men who engaged in the same tratie, but thej' all finally gave up the business because patronage went mostly to the pioneer shop. Mr. Palmer is a native of Green Lake county, Wisconsin, where he was born July 4, 1850, his early life being spent on a farm in his native county. He remained beneath the parental roof until eighteen years of age, when the father's family removed to Butler county, Iowa, where they engaged in farm- ing. Schools were few and far between in those days, but Mr. Palmer by dint of pel-se- verance and hard study acquired a good common school education. At the age of twenty-one 3^ears Ik; left home and com- menced to struffo-le with the world to make his own way to fortune and success. Two years thereafter were spent- in working to some extent on railroad construction and also in farming. In 1879, as we have already stated, Mr. Palmer came to Wadena county, where he has since resided. The parents of the subject of our sketch were Timothy II. and Susan Palmer, tiie former a native of New York and the latter born in Pennsylvania. Timothy Palmer, the father, came to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, when that city consisted of but a few log houses and a handful of people. He was but a boy when he came west, and the earlv part of his life was spent in hunting and trapping in Northern Wisconsin. He settled in Green Lake county when that territory was little better than a wilderness. He removed to Iowa in 1868, where he still lives. The subject of our sketcli was married in Charles City, Iowa, August 29, 1871, to Miss Catherine Clark, a native of Indiana. Her parents were Thomas and Betsy Clai'k, who went to Iowa, locating in Butler county, in 1852, where they settled on Government land. The land on which they located is now the present site of C'larksville, a beauti- ful little city which was named after Mr. Clark. The father is still a resident of that county, where during many years he has been one of the most active and influential men in all public matters. -• ■♦ > -;^^' < '- ■ ^^DWIN M. FAIRFIELD, a respected and Xfe^ successful business man of Douglas county, Minnesota, is a resident of the vil- lage of Osakis, where he is engaged in the hardware business. He is a native of Ver- mont, born in Johnson, on the 27th of June, 18-12, and is the son of Joshua and Sarah (Dodge) Fairfield, natives of New Hamp- shire and Vermont, respectively.' The father and mother of the present subject 1\4RK RECroXS OF Af/XtVESOTA . 735 were united in marriage in the State of Ver- mont, ami afterwanl settled in that State, where thej^ remained many years engaged in agricultural pursuits. They removed to Hennepin count\', Minnesota, and remained there tlii'ee or four years. At the expiration of tliat time tlioy went to Douglas county, Minnesota, where they have since remained. They were among the very first settlers in that county anil were the third to take any land. The mother died in 1S62, and was a devoted member of the Baptist church. The father is still living in Osakis township. He is retired from active life, and in former days was one of the substantial and active citizens of the county. They settled in the county in about 1858. They were the par- ents of the following-named children — George E., Eilwin M., Edward, Lloyd and John W. Mr. Fairfield, the subject of this bio- graphical sketch, received his education in Hennepin county, Minnesota, near Hopkins Station, leaving the school-room at the age of twenty years. Until he had attained the age of twenty-one he remained at home and in 1863 secured a government ])osition as teamster for two years. In 1865 he received the position of wagon master, which he held for two and a half years. During this time he was in an expedition against the Indians. That was in 1863 and 1864. He then removed to Douglas county, Minnesota, and homesteaded and purchased land and remained on his farm, engaged in general farming and stock-raising: until 1882. In 1877 he made a trip to the Black Hills, Dakota Territory, where he was engaged in freighting for some time; he returned the same year, however, and re- engaged in farming. In 1883 he settled in the village of Osakis and engaged in his present business, and has since followed the same. He carries a full line of heavy and shelf hardware and has the largest stock in the village. When he first entered into business he took as a partner J. R. Gallinger, who remained with him eighteen months. Mr. Fairfield then purchased the interest of J. R. Gallinger and has since carried on the business alone. In addition to his hardware business he has a fine farm of 320 acres, under good cultivation and with good build- ing improvements. The farm lies five miles from the village and is one of the most desirable pieces of land in the county. Mr. Fairfield was united in marriage in 1870 to Miss Lizzie Carlisle, and they have been blessed with one child — Nellie A., born in November, 1871. Mrs. Fairfield isa native of Ohio, and received her educa- tion in Minnesota, where she had moved with her parents when quite young. Mr. Fair- field is one of the prominent business citizens of the village. !^M\'SS JULIA O'BRIEN. The subject of our present article is the editor and proprietor of the Press, a weekl}' jour- nal, published at Atwater, Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, and she is the only lady publisher in the central or northern portion of Minne- sota. She has already attained considerable prominence in newsjiajier circles of the State, as she is a lady of excellent literar}^ attain- ments, a ])ungent and capable writer, and an indefatigable worker. Miss O'Brien was born at Rochester, Olm- sted county, Minnesota, and is the daughter of John and Anna (Tierney) O'Brien, both of whom were natives of Ireland. Her father came to America when nineteen years of age, and after stopping a short time in Ottawa, Canada, in 1849 or 1850 went to California. There he was employed in the mines for about ten years, and at the expira- tion of that time settled in Olmsted county, Minnesota, where he was one of the pioneers. 736 RED RIVER VALLE Y AND He enofiiged in farming and remained there until 1808, when he came with his famih' to Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, andsettledon a fai-m on Diamond Lake, Harrison town- siiij), about three miles from the village of Atwater. There he remained engaged in tilling the soil until his death, which occurred in April, 1887. He was a man of high char- acter, and his death was sincerely regretted by a wide circle of friends. The widow and most of the family are still living on the old homestead. Julia O'Brien, whose name heads our pres- ent article, received the most of her educa- tion in the district schools of Kandiyohi county, supplementing this with a course of study in the convent of " Our Lady of Lourdes," at St. JMichael's, twenty miles from Minnea])olis. She also spent one 3'ear in a seminary at Rochester, pursuing the studies of painting ami music. After leaving the convent she returned to Kandiyohi county and enraffed in teachino- during the summer months and visiting home during the winter. This she continued for six or seven years, when, early in 1888, she became the proprie- tor of the Atwater Press and all its appur- tenances, buying out the interest of D. P. R. Strong. The paper is republican in politics. ps^vJHRlSTOPHER L. COULTER, one of '^y the most prominent and highly re- sj)ected citizens of the vicinity of Mallory, in I'olk county, Minnesota, is a resident of section 22, Huntsville township. He is one of the representative farmers of that locality, and is rated as one of the most solid and suljstantial citizens of that count}'. He is a native of Ontario, Canada, born August 31, 1853, and is a son of Christopher and Elizabeth (Lee) Coulter. The parents were natives of Scotland, but were early settlers in Canada. Our subject, Christopher L. Coulter, was reared on a farm, and at an earh'^ age began to earn his own living. He remained in Canada until ISfiG, when he came to Minnesota with his parents and they located on a farm in Winona county. Our subject remained tiiere until the spring of 188 lOHN H. ANDERSON, the register of deeds of Pembina county. North Da- kota, is one of the best known busmess men of that localitj'. He was born in Pecatonica, Winnebago county, Illinois, September 2, 1854, and is a son of Henry and Hilda Anderson, who were both natives of Sweden, but who came to the United States at an early day. Our subject remained at home attending school until he was eighteen years of age, when he began clerking in a general merchandise store at Carver, ilin- nesota. A short time later, in company with G. Sunwall, he engaged in the general mei"- chandise business at Walnut Grove, Retlwood county, Minnesota. Eighteen months later they sold out and our subject afterward PARK RF.GIOXS OF MIXNESOTA. 737 re-engaged in business there in company ■with J. R. Fitch. In 1878 he sold his interest to Fitch and for six months devoted his atten- tion to the study of hiw with attoi'ney David M. Thorp. At the expiration of that time he engaged in the drug business at Wahiut Grove and continued in this until May 19, 1882, also serving as postmaster from August 1, 1878, until May 19, 1882. On the date last mentioned he sold out and removed to the Red River Yalle}', settling at St. Thomas, Pembina county, North Dakota. There for eighteen months he clerked for different merchants, and then went to the Turtle Mountains, where for ten months he lived on a claim which he had pre-empted. At the expiration of that time he "proved up" and returned to St. Thomas. He' engaged in clerking from July 1, 1SS<>, to January 1, 1887, then for several months was idle. On the 17th of April, 1887, he formed a partnership with M. W. Hanson and they opened a gen- eral merchandise store at St. Thomas, which they still carry on. In November, 1888, Mr. Anderson was elected register of deeds of Pembina county on the democratic ticket, and on the 5th of December following he removed to Pembina to take charge of the office. Mr. Anderson is an honored member of the Masonic fraternitJ^ He has taken an active part in public affairs, and any laudable home enterprise i-eceives his aid and encour- agement. He was the first chairman of the supervisors of St. Thomas township, and has been village treasurer of St. Thomas ever since the village was incorporated. Mr. Anderson was married in Walnut Grove, Minnesota, May 4, 1876, to Miss Carrie Button, a daughter of Peter F. and Randi Button, Avho were both natives of Norway. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson are the parents of the following-named children — Frank H., Rodney J., Neil Elmer and Hulda Lenore. B. ERICKSON is the secretary and ^^ general manager of the Farmers' Live Stock Association, which has its head- quarters at Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, Minnesota. His office is over the First National Bank. Mr. Erickson is a native of Sweden, and was born on the 16th of August, 1861. Mr. Erickson's parents were Andrew and Christina (Larson) Erickson, both of whom were natives of Sweden. The father was a dealer in cattle, wood and lumber, and also engaged in loaning money, being one of the prominent men of his native country. They had a family of five children — Axel B., Ellen, Gust, Carl and Oscar. The subject of this sketch is the only member of the father's family who now resides in America. His younger days were spent at home attending school. In 1879 Mr. Erickson migrated to America, coming at once to Fergus Falls, where, for some time, he attentled the high school. Afterward he attended the high school at Stillwater, Min- nesota, and still later commenced work in the insurance business as agent for the United States Mutual Insurance Company ; also was connected for four years with the World's Industrial Insurance Company, after which he turned his attention to live- stock insurance, organizing the company of which he is- the present manager in 1887. Mr. Erickson is a young man, but is thor- oughly alive to the needs of the farmer, and is pushing his company to its utmost limit. He has worked up a first-class business in the immediate vicinity of Fergus Falls, and his agents are at work all over the North- west. The officers and directors of this association are as follows : George W. Shel- den, president; James Compton, treasurer; A. B. Erickson, secretary and general man- ager. The directors are A. B. Erickson, H. Iluhlmann, P. P. Lokher, George W. Shel- den, W. H. Davenport, E. Larson, K. A. 738 RKD RIVER VALLE Y AND Harris, H. P. H. Stevens, F. Kuhlmann, F. Peters, and Nels Bergerson. The company has thirty-tive agents traveh'ng through the Western States working up their business. In politics Mr. Erickson is a democrat, and is indeed one of the rising young busi- ness men of the city and State. Mr. Ei'ickson was married in 1888 to Miss Nettie Johnson, a native of Norway. ^■i^ «^- ILLIAM H. ALLEY, of Hallock, is ^L county attorney and one of the leading members of the bar of Kittson county, Minnesota. He was born at China, near Augusta, Maine, Februar}- 28, 1855, and is a son of Elias H. and Ann H. (Braggs) Alley. When onr subject was between two and three years of age his parents removed to Red Wing, Minnesota, where he was reared to manhood. He received an excellent education, attending the common schools until he was eighteen, when he entered Hood's Seminary, when it was first opened, took a thorough course and graduated from that institution. He then took a course in the St. Paul Business College, after which he kept books in a hub and spoke factory in a AVisconsin town. Ileturning then to Eed Wing, he kept books there until the spring of 1880, wlien lie removed to Kittson county, Minnesota, and opened a grocer}^ store at Hallock. He conducted tliis until 1SS3, when he sold out and has since been engaged in the practice of law. He first began his legal studies while keeping books in Wisconsin and has kept up his study ever since. He is a well-read lawyer, a hard student and a safe counsel. He has met with excellent success at the bar, and stands higli in the community, both pro- fessionally and as an exemplary citizen. He was elected county attorney of Kittson county in the fall of 1888 on the republican ticket, and still holds that office. He has been village attorne}^ village recorder and has held various other local offices. Mr. Alley was married at Durand, Wiscon- sin, June 25, 1875, to Miss Emma Benson, a daughter of Orrin W. and Emma ifary Benson. Their marriage has been blessed with the following children — Arthur H., Archibald and Myrtle. gi DAM SCHMITZ is one of the leading p^\_ business men of Red Lake Falls, Polk county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in the harness trade. He was born in Cal- umet county, Wisconsin, August 18, 1800. Mr. Schmitz' parents were John and Ger- trude (Ott) Schmitz, natives of northern Germany. The ]iarents lived near the river Rhine in their native land, and wei-e engaged in agricultural pursuits. They came to the United States some years before the subject of our sketch was born, and set- tled in Calumet county. Wisconsin, where tliey engaged in farming. The subject of our sketch lived witii liis parents on the farm until he was fourteen }^ears of age. He then went to Ilibert and apprenticed to learn the harnessmaker's trade, at which he served three years. The following four years were spent hy him in work in tiie same shop. He then removed to Green Bay, Brown county, Wisconsin, where he worked at his trade for two years, thence removing to Chilton, Calumet count\', same State. After one j'ear spent in the latter place, in Octoljer, 188-1, he went to Red Lake Falls, Polk county, Minnesota, where he opened up in business for himself. By put- ting in practice his good business ideas and by care and thrift he has built up an extensive trade, and has made many warm friends. He has come to be one of the substantial business men of the village. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 739 Mr. Schmitz was united in marriage in Wooolville, Calumet county, Wisconsin, to Miss Maggie Kees, a daughter of John and Anna (Thiel) Kees, natives of Germany. This marriage lias been blessed with one child — Joseph. Mr. and Mrs. Schmitz are both leading members of the Catholic church. w 'HOMAS W. DUNLAP is one of the leading and most influential business men of Autlubon, Becker county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in the general merchan- dise trade. For several years he also handled lumber, but that was only continued for a short period. His attention is now given e.xclusively to his mercantile business, which has grown to large dimensions. Mr. Dunlap was born in the northern part of Ireland, near Armagh, October 9, 1845. His parents were James and Jane (McMeans) Dunlap, who came to the United States in 1866, settling first in Ohio. They lived for a time in Kentuck}^ and then removed to Illinois, where the father still lives. The mother lives with the subject of our sketch. In the father's family there were thirteen children, nine of whom grew to man and womanhood — Thomas W., Kobert, Alexan- der M., Mary Ann, John G., Eliza J., James, Adam and Margaret M. The subject of our sketch remained with his parents during his early life, and was given the advantage of a good education. He continued his scholastic training until he was twenty j'ears of age, having taught school for one year up to that time. He then engaged in the profession of teaching for one year, when, in 1866, he came with his parents to the United States. For three years he engaged in clerking in Ohio, and from thence removed to Livingston countv, Illinois, where he taught school for one year. His next move was to Carlton county, Min- nesota, where he engaged in clerking in a gen- eral store for about a year. Leaving that place he went to Audubon, Becker county, same State, where he has since resided, and where he has built up a large and increasing business. Mr. Dunlap, in April, 1880, was wedded to Miss Emma L. Rollins, a native of Minnesota, born in Anoka county. This union has been blessed with five children^ — Jennie L., Flor- ence Ada, Winnifred E., Alexander Leonard, and a babe, unnamed. Mr. Dunlap is a man of sterling business qualities, is honest and upright in all his dealings with his fellow men, and enjoj's the esteem and confidence of all who know him. His worth as an official has been tested in many ways and he has been found to be cor- rect and painstaking. He has held the fol- lowing offices : Village treasurer, township treasurer, and was postmaster of Audubon for a term of four years. He is at present township supervisor and chairman of the board of county commissioners of Becker county. In politics he is a stanch republi- can, and is a leading member of the Congre- gational church, of which he is the present treasurer. In his business ventures he has been eminently successful, and besides his general store in the village, owns a one-half interest in 210 acres of land and the stock thereon. yL? tai HOMAS E. YERXA. The most impor- tant mercantile establishment which greets the stranger entering Fargo is the immense wholesale and retail emjiorium of T. E. Yerxa, who deals in dry goods, clothing, boots and shoes and groceries. This is one of the largest, if not the largest, general mercantile house in Dakota, and certainl}^ is one of the best known and most popular, for it was established originally in 1875 by Mr. W. A. Yerxa, brother of the 740 RED RIVER VALLE V AND present proprietor, who was one of Fargo's pioneer citizens, and who was at that time its maj'or. T. E. Yerxa, the pi-esent proprietor, bought his brother's interest in 1884, and has since that time operated on iiis own account, and with marked and increasing success. T. E. Yerxa first came to Fargo in 1878, and lie remained two years in the employ of liis brother, W. A. Yerxa. He then left to go into business in Pembina, Dakota, where he remained four years. He was in the gen- eral merchandising buiness in Pembina and operated branch stores all through the county. He was ver}'^ successful there, and was one of the best-known and most popular men in that section. It was from this point he came in 1884, when he moved to Fargo and engaged in iiis present business; intro- ducing the same wise and correct business methods which prevailed in Pembina, he has built up a large and lucrative Ctisli business. His store is on the same combination plan as Lehmann's famous "Fair," of Chicago, with the single excei)tion that, wliereas Lehmann's establisliment in several departments is con- trolled by others, Mr. Yerxa's is controlled and managed solely by himself. He operates four distinct stores or departments under one roof, namely, dry goods, clothing, boots and shoes and groceries, carrying an aggre- gate stock of §100,000, em))loyingtwenty-live people and doing a business of from §250,000 to $300,000 a year. He has unquestionably the largest stock of dr\' goods in tlie city and is doing the bulk of the business. This in a measure is a brief outline of Mr. Yerxa's business cai'eer, and it is not hard to diagnose a few other reasons, in an .analysis of Mr. Yerxa's successful business career, which have contributed to liis steady advances in business. Mr. Yerxa is a mild and pleasant gentle- man, conservative in his habits, considerate and courteous to his employes and does not live in a fog of business worry. He prefers sunshine to shadow and his pleasant face in any store would make customei's feel at ease. The same sjiirit of common-sense courtesy prevails among the emploj^es, and all work in a sjiirit of harmony for the general result. The writer spent a few pleasant moments in Mr. "Yerxa's company and from him learned many things in reference to tiie ell'ect of prohibition (which has been a question much agitated) on the trade of the city. He said it may stagnate business for a while, but it would have no permanent effect. He said it was absurd to think that money must filter tlirough a saloon before it readies the legiti- mate channels of trade, and thinks the country is a producing country and not dependent on the liquor traific for revenue. From his stand- point business is in a healthy condition and the outlook for Fargo is more promising than at any time since the " boom." Thomas E. Yerxa, whose name heads our present article, was boi'n on the 2-Hh of November, 1851, near Fredericton, New Brunswick, and is a son of Abram and Eliz- abeth (White) Yerxa, who were natives of New Brunswick and Maine, respectively. The parents raised a large family, the fol- lowing being a record of their children — Mary Jane, now Mrs. Jouett, of Boston, Massachusetts ; Catharine, now Mrs. Joiin Cooper, of Niles, Michigan ; Whitfield, mar- ried Miss Lizzie Barber, and lives in Minne- a])olis ; Morilda, now Mrs. Thorne, of St John, New Brunswick ; Woodford A., mar- ried Eva Gould and lives in Minneapolis;. Thomas E., our subject; Annie, single ami living with the parents in Minneajiolis ; Le Baron, married iliss Carrie Potter and lives in Salt Lake Citv ; Ida, now Mrs. Nesmith, of Minneapolis ; Emma Blanch, now Mrs. Miner, of Minneapolis ; Fj'ed P., married Nellie Cabot, of Boston, Massachusetts ; and Nella, now Mrs. Keith, of Alinneapolis. Thomas E. Yerxa's earl}' life was spent at home in attendance upon the common PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA 741 schools. When he was eleven years of age lie commenced clerking in a store at Fred- ericton, in which he I'emained for two j^ears. He then, with the balance of the family, removed to St. John, New Brunswick, where our subject again began clerking, which he fol- lowed there for three years. He then left home and started in life alone, coming to St. Paul, Minnesota, in March, 1869. There he began clerking for Cathcart &Co., dry goods merchants, anil remained with them for seven years, or during the time the}' continued in business. He then clerked for D. W. Ingersoll & Co. in the same line for two years, and at the expiration of that time, in 1878, he came to Fargo, and clerked for Goodman & Yerxa until the spring of 18S0. He then went to Pembina, North Dakota, and bought out the firm of Judson Lamoure & Company. He soon afterward established and purchased branch stores at Cavileer, Hamilton and Eeaulieu, North Dakota. lie ran these, together with his main store, until June, 1884, when he disposed of his interests there and came to Fargo and purchased the stock, building and business of W. A. Yerxa & Comjian}'^, as has already been stated in the foregoing portion of this article. He has since carried on the business, and his success is attested by the fact that he is to-day the heaviest merchant in North Dakota. He is a man of the highest moral character and integrity, and his word is recognized as being as good as a bond. An active member of the Presbyterian church and an earnest and sincere worker in Sunday-school and all other moral matters, no man in the city is more highly esteemed. He is an honored member of the Masonic fraternity. He has always taken a deep interest in all matters calculated to aid in the development of the city, and every laudable enterprise receives Ills (;arnest support and encouragement. He affiliates with the republican party in polit- ical matters. Mr. Yerxa was married at St. Paul to Miss Ida M. Parsons, a daughter of John R. and Sallie P. (Putnam) Parsons. She was born in Augusta, Maine. Mr. and Mrs. Yerxa have been the parents of the following- named children — Alice Maud, who died in St. Paul when nineteen months old ; Thomas F., Herbert Pt., Charles W., Ernest L. B., Mabel M. and Myrtle M. (twins). -i^ ^^EORGE A. WHITNEY is one of the x^^ leading merchants and business men of Wadena, Wadena county, Minnesota. He has been prominently identified with business interests of that locality for a num- ber of years and his name is indissolubly associated with the history of the growth and development of both the village and sur- rounding country. He has taken an active interest in all matters of a public nature, and has held various local offices, ahvaj's doing his full share to aid any public work affect- ing the welfare of his home. Enterprising and liberal, a man of the strictest integrity, he stands high in the esteem of all who know him, and his word is considered as good as a bond. He is an honored member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and is the pre- sent senior vice-commander of the Park Region Encampment Association. ..^^ «^^^ .V A. BOWMAN is one of the members of the firm of S. N. Horneck & Co., dealers in general merchandise, Detroit, Becker county, Minnesota. This gentleman has been located in this village since ISSO, and has taken a prominent and influential place among the business men in the county. He is a native of Buffalo, New York, where he was born in 1840. 742 RED KIVER VALLE Y AND The jiarents of the subject of our sketch were Eli II. and Ahyada (Josh'ii) Bowman, the former a native of New York and the hitter of Vermont. Tiie father, during the mo.st of his life, was engaged in farming, and to some extent in the milling business. Com- ing to Minneapolis in 1S66 he there engaged m the miUing business with considerable suc- cess, and from thence removed to Heron Lake, Jackson county, Minnesota. In the latter place he turned his attention to the lumber business and retained his residence there until his death, which occurred in 1881. The mother is still living with her children. Of the father's family there are now four children living — Melissa (now Mrs. O. B. King, of Minneapolis); Marv (now Mrs. L. Crary, of Webster City, Iowa); Ella (now Mrs. B. Detler, also of "Webster City, Iowa), and the subject of our sketch. The father was a man of much prominence wherever he lived, being a man of excellent qualities, and possessed of a good education. He held the office of justice of the peace, and was also postmaster for some years. The grandfather of the subject of our sketch was Benjamin Bowman, a native of Pennsylvania, who came to New York and settled ten miles east of Buffalo earl}^ in the present century. At that place he laid out a town and named it Bowmansville, it being in Erie county, ISTew York. He was engaged in milling and farming in the county in which he lived until his death. He reared a family of ten children, only one of whom is now living. Palmer S., now a resident of Bowmansville, and aged sixty-Four years. The Bowmans were all men noted for their stability of charactci', their honesty and faithfulness to every duty, and were revered by every one with whom they came in contact. They were men of worth and wealth, and occupied prominent positions wherever they lived. The subject of our sketch spent his child- hood davs in the town which bore the I family name in New York. His time was occupied with work on the farm and in the mill, and also in attending school. This life continued until the breaking out of the war, when he enlisted in Company E, Sevent3'- eighth" Regiment, New York Volunteer Infantry. He was with this regiment in the service eleven months, being promoted to the position of sergeant. He was taken sick at Little Washington, in A^irginia, and was then discharged on account of disabilities. After his discharge he returned to the State of New York, going to Buffalo, where, after recovering his health, he attended Hick's Commercial College. Graduiiting from that institution in 1SG3, he then eno-aged as book- keeper in the drug store of W. II. Peabody, continuing in that employment for two years. Changing his line of business, he was employed in the United States Express office for one year at Buffalo. At the end of this period he commenced a very satis- factory and profitable engagement with Sidney Shepard & Company, jobbers and manufacturers of tinware. He remained with this company as their head book-keeper for fourteen years, and then severed his con- nections with them so that he might come West and engage in business for himself. Then in 1880 he went to Detroit, Minnnesota, where he had been in company with his present partner in the same business since 1873, the partner having had cliarge of their affairs since that date. TIjc liiinojiened the third business house in the village and are now the pioneer mcrciiants of tlie place. Mr. Bowman was married in lS6t) to ]\Iiss Eva L. Mooney, daughter of G. V. and E. Mooney, of Buffalo, New York. One son has blessed this union — Horace W. Mr. Bowman is one of the most influential citizens of the county, and has identified himself with tlie local and state politics of the democratic part3\ He is a member of the G. A. R.,"; P. C. Choat Post, No. (17, PARK REGlOyS OF MINNESOTA 743 and takes a lively interest in all matters of this nature. He was president of the city council in 1SS2, and has held other positions of trust and responsibility with credit to himself and with profit to his constituenc\\ He has purchased largely of city property and lives in a fine residence on Washington -«"! avenue. '%'.:;f'lLLiAM P. CLEVELAND, M. D., Jt'jlL the county physician and surgeon of Traill county, North Dakota, is one of the most prominent and widely -known residents of Caledonia. He is one of the leading ph\'- sicians in the Eed River Valley, and stands high in his profession both as a medical scholar and a practitioner. He was the first regular graduate to locate in Traill county, and the eniinent success which has crowned his efforts is indeed well deserved. Dr. Cleveland was born in Madison, Somer- set county, Maine, August 10, 1848, and is a lineal descendant of the same family from which ex-President Grover Cleveland springs. His father was Hon. Dinsmore Cleveland, who for a number of years was a member of the house and senate of the Maine legisla- ture. Our subject received a thorough classical and medical education in Bowdoin College, Maine, graduating in medicine June -i, 1879, and received the degree of M. D. He spent nine months in the general hospital at Portland, Maine, acquiring an invaluable experience, and he is to-day one of the best educated physicians in Dakota. In Septem- ber, 1879, he came to Caledonia, Traill county. North Dakota, where he has since followed his profession. He iiolds the first license (No. 1) granted to a physician to practice medicine in Dakota. He has been very successful in his practice both in a pro- fessional and a financial sense, and now owns a comfortable propei'ty, besides ]jossessing the most complete set of surgical instruments in North Dakota. He is a prominent factor in all matters which affect the welfare of Caledonia or vicinity. He is an honored member of the Odd-Fellows fi'aternity, was a charter member and was the first noble grand of the Caledonia Lodge, and has filled various otheroffices in that organization. He has been a member and surgeon of the board of health for a number of years, and is a representative man in every sense of the word. Dr. Cleveland was married at Anson, Som- erset countv, Maine, January 5, 1878, to Miss Sarah G. Pinkhani. a daughter of Hon. N. and Nancy (Marsh) Pinkham, who were natives of New Hampshire. Her father was a leatling politician, and represented his county for several terms in the Maine legis- lature. He came to Dakota with our subject and died here. The Dr. and Mrs. Cleveland are the parents of one son — Willie Elmore, born May 8, 1881. Mrs. Cleveland is engaged in raising and breeding Shetland ponies, and has a nice herd of these beautiful little animals. She has one pony which took the second prize at the Chicago State fair, and five of her ponies are registered animals. The doctor is fre- quently seen on the road with a "four-in- hand " team of the little roadsters, and it requires more than an ordinary team to " throw dust in their faces " as the familiar saying goes. It will be of interest to state that Dr. Cleveland is a relative of Prof. Cleveland of the college from which he graduated. _ ■ ^. , , /^^EORGE N. BIRD, the present post. >©r master at Clitherall, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, is one of the most promi- nent business men of that localit\'. He was born in Walworth county, Wisconsin, on the 18th of May, 1854, and is a son of Amos and Maria (Strong) Bird, both of whom were natives of New York State. The father 744 RED RTTTIR VAI.LE Y AND removed to Wisconsin in 1849 and settled in Walwortii county, where he was one of the pioneers and where George was born. When our subject was about thirteen years old the family removed to Hock county, Wisconsin, where the parents still reside. George N. Bird remained at home, helping his father on the farm and attending school until he was about twenty-one years old. At tliat time he learned the millwright trade and also of elevator building. For seven months he worked while he remained at home and then went to Elgin, Illinois, where he followed the same kind of work until the latter part of 1876. lie then went to Winona, Minnesota, and for three years worked in various towns, going as far west as Tracy, Minnesota. He then went to Minneapolis and followed mill- wrighting and elevator work for two j'ears, then came up the Northern Pacific Railway and for two years was emploj'ed \>^ the Northern Pacific Elevator Company. In the spring of 1884, in company with C. B. Wheeler, he bought the building in which the post- office at Clitherall is now located. They improved the building, raised and enlarged it, making it some thirty feet longer and opened a complete hardware store. They continued the business in partnership until ^lay, 1888, when it was dissolved and Mr. Bird carried on the business alone until December, 1888, wlien he traded the stock for a farm, but still owns the building. On the first of December, 1888, he was ap]3ointed post- master by President Cleveland, notwithstand- ing the fact that he is a stanch republican. This will indicate his standing in the com- munity. He is a capable business man and a man of strict integritv. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and takes an active interest in public affairs, being at this writing a member of the school board. Mr. Bird was married February 14, 1885, to Miss Edna Keyes, and they have one child — Clement. l^RANK B. SIMMONS, editor and pro- JPr ])rietor of the Long Pi'airie Leader, is one of the leading citizens of Todd countj% Minnesota, and one of the best-known news- ]iaper men in the northern part of the State. Mr. Simmons was born in Morrison county, Minnesota, January 18, 1859, and is a son of Dr. J. O. Simmons. The latter was born in Westfield, Medina county, Ohio, January 12, 1821, and was the son of Jonathan Simmons. Dr. Simmons came to Little Falls, Mmne- sota, in 1856, being one' of the pioneer set- tlers of that locality. He still lives there. The mother of our subject was Harriette H. (Lee) Siminons, a nafive of Ontario county, New York, and a daughter of Amos Lee. She died in 1869, being at that time forty- seven years of age. Dr. Simmons and wife were the parents of eight childi'on, seven boys and one girl, five of whom are now living, as follows — Mary Jane, who married A. Tanner, a merchant and pioneer of Little Falls, and one of the leading men of that vicinity ; Jonathan, a merchant of Little Falls, where he has been a very jirominent man in j)ublic affairs, having represented his district in the State senate from 1878 to 1882 ; Charles G., formerly of Long Prairie and now a resident of Little Falls ; W. L., of Minneapolis, and our subject. Dr. Sim- mons was also a pioneer of Bismarck, Nortii Dakota, having located there in 1872, but afterwards returned to Little Falls. He still owns a quarter section of land adjoining tlie plat of liisniarck. Frank B. Siminons, whose name lu-ads our present article, received his education princi- pally at Little Falls, Minnesota, coni[)leting it, however, with a ten mon ths' course at the Jeff'erson School. In 1874 he went to Bis- marck, Dakota, and remained for a short time on the home farm with his parents. In tiie spring of 1876 he went to Ontai'io county. New York, where for five years he clerked in a general store at Allen's Hill. In PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 745 July, 1880, he returned to Minnesota and engaged in the printing business at Little Falls as a job printer in the Transcript office. In 1881, with W. M. Fuller, he pur- chased tlie Little Falls Transcript. In June, 1SS3, he sold out his interests there, and in November of the same year came to Long Pi'airie and at once established the Leader, which he has since conducted. The paper has an extensive circulation and has a powerful influence in local affairs. Mr. Simmons is an able writer, and a man of wide reading and excellent business ability. He is an honored member of the Masonic fraternity and is an acJtive participant in all moves calculated to advance the interests of his home. Mr. Simmons was married July 13, 1884, to Miss Emily C. Lee, a native of Swan Eiver, Morrison county, Minnesota, and a daughter of Samuel Lee, one of the pioneers of that locality. «"S^^-^ — - , EORGE E. DOBELL, proprietor of the cigar factory and wholesale and retail tobacco store at Grand Forks, North Dakota, is rapidly attaining an excellent reputation in his line, and has already secured an extensive and lucrative business. Mr. Dobell Avas born in Rock county, Wisconsin, October 27. 1862, and is a son of Thomas C. and Mary (Winegar) Dobell, who were natives, respectively, of England and New York State. When our subject was about eighteen months old his pai'cnts re- moved to Independence, Iowa. There he grew to manhootl and received his education, attending- school until he was about eighteen years old. He then went to Elgin and worked in the woolen mills at that place for about two yeai-s. At the exi)iration of that time he again returned to Inde- pendence, where he learned the cigar- maker's trade and worked for a little over two years. He then went to Marion, Iowa, where he Avas employed at his trade for about six months. We next find him at Vinton, Iowa, where he, in com- pany with his brother, E. L. Dobell, opened a cigar factory and tobacco store, carrying on a wholesale and retail trade. They con- tinued in business together for about three years, Avhen our subject sold his interest to his brother and removed to Grand Forks, arriving there in the fall of 1885. Here he formed a partnership Avith his brother, J. H. Dobell, and they opened a cigar factory. The partnership Avas continued until June, 1887, Avhen George E. bought out his brother's interest and has since been carrying on the business alone. On the 1st of Jan- uary, 1888, he commenced carrying on a a Avholesale and retail tobacco business in connection Avith his factor^', keeping an excellent stock of domestic and imported goods and has met Avith Avell-merited success. He also has an interesting museum in con- nection, such as Indian relics, bows, arrows, pipes, guns, pistols, war clubs, etc., together Avith a large collection of old and odd coins. His Indian collection was secured from the Indians. The factory turns out as fine an article of cigars as can be found in the Northwest, and his home patronage attests the fact that they are apjireciated. ilr. Dobell is a member of the Knights of Pythias of Grand Forks. IISHIEV. FATHER E. KENNY, priest of the Catholic church in Grafton, North Dakota, is a native of Ireland. HeAvasborn in Licketstown, County Kilkenny, on the 21st of May, 1855, and is a son of Richard and Ellen (Delahuntz) Kenn}', also natives of Ireland. 746 RED RIVER VALLE Y AND Rev. Kenny remained on the home farm with his ]iarents, attending school until he was about sixteen years old, when he ^yent to Waterfoid and entered St. John's Semi- naiy, whei'e he remained five years. At the expiration of that time he entered St. John's College, and graduated with high honors in ISSO, and was ordained to the ministry by BisJiop Joiin Power. Tliei'e were sixteen ordained at that time, the largest number ever ordained at one time in that college — all being intended for foreign missions. After receiving his ordination our subject sailed for Adelaide, South Australia, under Deacon Russel. Our subject had charge of Fort Lincoln, where he remained until June, 1884, when he returned to his native land, and after remainingsonie time emigrated with Vicai'-General Ilealy, October 11, 1884, to the United States. They went to Chicopee, Massachusetts, where Father Kenny remained nntilJanuary. 1885. On the 21st of that month Rev. Kenny removed to Yankton, Dakota, ami had only lieen there about one week when lie was aji]iointed to take charge of the church at Grand Forks, North Dakota. Aftei' serving four months at that place he went to Pembina, North Dakota, and after remaining three months removed to Bath- gate, but still liaving charge of Pembina. After remaining at that mission for twelve months Father Kenney settled in Grafton, Nortli Dakota, in June, 1886. He had charge of Grafton, St. Thomas and Stokes- ville missions until September, 1888, and since that time has had charge of the Graf- ton and Drayton churches. He is a man of varied and excellent literary attainments, a true Christian gentleman, and one of the most prominent and iiighlyi-espected clergy- men in the Red River Region. lie is an exemplary citizen, a conscientious and con- sistent Christian worker, and is highly esteemed and respected by all who know him. J^ARREN WOODWORTH WOOD, ^faiL who is buying grain in Argyle, Marshall county, Minnesota, for C. A. Pills- burV, of Minnea]3olis, Minnesota, is also engaged in the lumber business at Warren. He is a native of New York, born in Camillus, Onondaga county, New York, January 1, 1840, and is the son of James and Theodora (Woodworth) Wood, also natives of New York. Mr. AVood, of whom this article treats, remained with his parents until he was sixteen 3' ears old, wlien he removed with them to Battle Creek, Michigan, where they purchased a hotel and remained ten years in that business. Dixring this time our subject attended the graded schools until he was twenty, when he graduated from the Battle Creek Institute. He then entered Byrant, Bell & Stratton's College in Chicago, and after graduating returned to Battle Creek and clerked in his fatiier's hotel. They next removed to Delavan, Wiscon- sin, and after remaining two years went to Durand, Wisconsin, and purchased 900 acres of land, on which they carried on stock-raising and general farming. In 1879 the}' sold out and took the contract to open the Pembina farm in Marshall count}', Min- nesota. The farm comprised nine sections, and after remaining two years he took the contract to open up the Key Stone farms for Charles Lockhart and Michael Grover, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The former is president of the Standard Oil Company of Pittsburgh, and Mr. Grover is a well-known coal king of that region. Our subject and his father bought all necessary farming imple- ments for them, and were two and a half years in fulfilling the contract. The farms comjjrised nineteen sections in Norman and Polk counties. After completing the contract, our suljject was employed by C. A. Pillsbury, of Minneapolis, to buy grain in Argyle, and since that time has been employed by him. PARIC REGIONS OF MINNESO TA. 747 He is also engaged in the lumber business at Warren, and is one of tl'.e leading business men of this localitj'. He owns a fine resi- dence and five lots and is doing a heavy business. Mr. Wood was married February 10, 1865, to Miss Rozetta Woods, and they have been blessed with the following children — Walter, Kate and Itaymond. Mr. Wood is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and has been president of tiie village board at Warren for four or five years. He is an exemplary citi- zen, and a man of integrity and honor, highly esteemed by all who know him. —■ e--j^^-^- — EDWIN MATTSON, a prominent nier and stock-raiser of Wilkin county, Minnesota, residing on section 17, township 132, range 46, is a native of Penn- sylvania. He was born in Delaware county, May 17, 1839, and is a son of Peter W. and Eveline (Hannum) Mattson, also natives of Pennsylvania. The father died in 1880, and tlie mother is still living on tiie old homestead. Mr. Mattson, the subject of this biograph- ical memoir, received his education in Dela- ware county, Pennsylvania, where he at- tended school until he was twenty-one years old, finishing at Crittenden's College, where he took both a banking and commer- cial course. After graduating he enlisted in 1861 in the Second Pennsylvania Cav- alry, and served untU 1864. He was on General Gregg's staff, and was wounded in the battle of Deep Bottom, as a result of which he was confined to the hospital for some time. He was tendered a captain's and also a major's commission, but on account of tiie wound he received was compelled to refuse. In 1879 he removed to Minnesota, locating in Wilkin count}^ on section 17, town 132, range 46, where he has since remained. His well-cultivated farm com- prises 400 acres, and is one of the most desir- able tracts of land in the county. In 1887 he was elected to the State legislature from the Forty-fourth District, and served for two years. He is one of the prominent and repre- sentative men of the county, and has the will and power to advance the prosperity of any locality in which he ma}' reside. Mr. Mattson was united in marriage May 30, 1863, to Miss Hannah R. Gause, and this union has been blessed with six chil- dren — Evalyn, Bernard, Rebecca, Edwin, Frank and Harlan. Mr. Mattson is a repub- lican in his political affiliations, and is one of the best-known public men in Wilkin county. He is a man of excellent business capabilities, highly esteemed by all who know him. .-«&.- li-^OUlS STRUETT came to Perham, Otter i£^ Tail county, Minnesota, in 1872, and opened up in the clothing business, which he made a specialty until the fall of 1888, when he put in a large general stock of goods. He has one of the largest stores in the town, and is doing an extensive and profitable business. Mr. Struett was born in Baden, Germany, August 24, 1847, and is the son of Adolph Struett, a native of German}'. His father was a stone-cutter by trade, and lived and died in the land of his nativity. The subject of our sketch remained in his native land, receiving the advantages of a "•ood eilucation, until he was eighteen vears of age. Then with his mother and three sisters he came to the United States and located at St. Cloud, Minnesota, wliere for three years he worked at his trade, that of tailoring, which he had learned in the Old Country. At the end of this period he removed to Rush Lake, Minnesota, settled on 748 RED KIVER VALLEY AND a homestead of IfiO acres, nnd lived thereon for three years. He then obtained a title to his land and returned to St. Cloud, where he remained during the following winter. Then, in 1872, he came to rerham, and engaged in his present business. He was one among the finst settlers in this village, some of the others being Mr. Kemper, the present post- master; Peter Schroeder and Henr}' Ged- man, all of whom aie still residents of the village. Mr. Struett was married in January, 1876, to Miss Katie Feddema, a native of Holland. This lady came to the United States when she was six years old, and settled with her parents in Minnesota. She was educated in Stearns county. IVIr. and Mi's. Struett have four children- — Amy, Herman, Gracie and Louis. Mr. Struett is a democrat in politics, and is a stanch defender of the principles pro- mulgated by that party. He is a careful, energetic business man, and has built uj) an extensive and profitable trade. ■ ■■*■ ,f ^J7l^^N T- ,^^ , , EV. JENS I. LONNE, pastor of the llillsboro Lutheran circuit, and editor of the Apholds Basunen, a weekly periodical of strong temperance principles, is a resi- dent of llillsboro, North Dakota. He is a native of the kingdom of Norway, born in Bergen Stift, on the 12th of April, 1854, and is the son of Iver and Gjerbrud (Olsen) Lonne, also natives of that kingdom. Rev. Lonne remained on the home farm with his parents, attending school until he he was sixteen years old, when he went on the sea as a sailor, remaining in that voca- tion for two years. At the expiration of that time he entered the Balestrand Semi- nary, at Sogn, Norway, from which he graduated with high honors, and for the suc- ceeding eighteen months engaged in the pro- fession or school-teaching. In the spring of 1876 he emigrated to the United States and settled in Goodhue count\', Minnesota, where he remained during the summer, and in the fall removed to i\[innoa])olis, where he entered the Augsburg Seminary, remaining five \'ears. After graduating, in June, 1881, he went to Grafton as a missionary, and had charge of the Norwegian Lutheran church for about two years. At the expiration of that time he went to Hillsboro, in Novem- ber, 1883, and organized the church at that place, also taking charge of the congrega- tions at Portland, one between Hillsboro and Maysville, another at Peynolds. and one between Hillsboro and Llanchard, and one one west of Buxton. He still has charge of the above churches, except the one at Blanchard. In 1S87 he became editor of the paper mentioned, and is one of the strongest temperance advocates in the Noi'thwest. He is chairman of the Scandinavian Temperance Society of Dakota, and has been a powerful factor in temperance agita- tion in this region. The i)aper is devoted wholly to temperance work, anditsinlluence for good has been very great. Mr. Lonne was married at Neeby, Polk county, Minnesota, on the 26th of Septem- ber, 1883, to Miss Ida Saugstad. and they are the parents of two children — George and Cathrina. Mrs. Lonne was born in Vernon county, Wisconsin, on the 15th of Janiuuy, 1862, and is a daughter of Rev. Chi-istian and Randine (Johnson) Saugstad, who were natives of Norway. Her father is a Lutheran minister, who is located atCrookston, where he is held in high esteem. Mr. Lonne, whose name heads this article, is a man of excellent ability. A thorough newspaper man, and a pungent, able writer, he is recognized already as one of the lead- ing editors of the Red River Valley. A man of high moral character, of strict integ- rity, he is highly esteemed, both profession- ally and as an exemplary citizen. PARK KEGIOXS OF M/XXESOTA. 749 T^L J- ROSS, a well-known lawj^er of JLr^L Pembina, North Dakota, and one of the leading members of the Red River Val- ley bar, will form the subject of our present article. He was born at Ottawa, Canada, on the 2-tth of Jmie, 1839, and is a son of Hon. William A. and Janet (Durie) Ross. His father is judge of the county court and one of the most prominent citizens of that locality. H. J. Ross, whose name heads this sketch, grew to manhood in his native province, receiving his earlier education in the common schools, and supplemented this with a thorough course at a collegiate institute, fin- ishing; his course when about eighteen vears of age. He then devoted about three years to the study of civil engineering and fol- lowed this profession for some time, both in Canada and Dakota. In the spring of 1882 he came to Pembina in the interest of a rail- road company. He followed civil engineer- ing and also studied law in the office of Gaffne}' & Kneeshaw. He was admitted to the bar November 21, 1885, at a term of court presided over by Judge W. B. McConnell. Mr. Ross at once opened an office and has since been actively engaged in practice. He has always taken an active interest in public matters and served as the first city justice after Pembina was incorporated as a city. -*-; ►^^ s,v,-j?LARENCE E. BULLARD, attorney-at- law, is one of the earliest settlers and most active and enterprising business men in Verndale, Wadena county, Minnesota. Pie came to this ])lace in March, 1878, wiien the vilat and section-liouse, one store and one dwelling. They also stopped at Frazee City, Ilawley, Glyndon and Fargo, and spent a day or two in each place, looking over tiie lands in the vicinity of those towns. From Fargo they returned to Glyndon, and then taking a hand-car they went out that line of railroad for a distance of fifty miles, in search of lands best adapted to agricult- ural purposes. After considerable inves- tigation they decided to purchase their lands from the Northern Pacific Kailroad Company in two or three townships adjoin- ing the town of Wadena. When the details of the purchase were completed, ls\\\ Robb took up a farm some three miles from Wad- ena, where he lived for about two years. lie then obtained the title to the land and joined his brother in purchasing farms, outside of colony lands, in Otter Tail county. He made farming his business for a number of years, and became one of the leading men in Otter Tail county, being also one of the original settlers in the townof Campton. He took an active part in public matters and held the office of township clerk for ten successive years. In 1883 the Farmers' Elevator was built in Wadena by a stock company, in which Mr. Robb was a leading spirit. In 1887 the elevator came into his hands, and, in compan\' with Nels Rolan, he engaged in buying wheat. In the fall of that j'ear Mr. Rob!) became the sole owner of the business, and conducted the same until the fall of 1888, '. when he rented it to the party for whom he is now buyer. He still owns his farm of 220 acres, which is rented at ])rosent. In the fall of 1878 Mr. Robb returned to the land of his boyhood, in Scotland, and was there married to Miss Jeniina Gael. The following spring they returned to their Minnesota home. They have a family of six children, all of whom are living. Mr. Robb is an active and ])ublic-spirited man, and is in hearty sympathy witii every- thing that pertains to the welfare of iiis adopted town. He is an active member of Wadena Lodge, ISTo. 156, A. F. & A. M., of Avhich he is secretar}-. He belongs to the Congregational church. Of a family of thirteen, Mr. Robb and a brother James are the onl3^ ones in the United iStates, the others all living in Scotland. -«" >|»ON. J. E. WOOD, of Detroit, Min- J^ ^ nesota, is one of the leading business men of Becker county. He has been closely identified with business interests in that locality for a number of years and his strict integrity and honorable business methods have given him a high place among the most reliable and substantial business men of that portion of the State. — 4« /^jLE T. LANGEN, who has a lumber >^^ yard and is also engaged in the feed business at Battle Lake, Otter Tail count}', Minnesota, will form the subject of our pres- ent biography. He was born in Norway, January 30, 1S44, and is a son of Tron O. and Bertha L. (Larson) Langen, who were also natives of that country. In 1852 the family came to America, landing at Quebec, proceeding. from there by boat to Milwaukee Park regions of Minnesota. 755 and made their wa,\ to Iowa, settling in AVin- neshiek county, wliere the parents still live. They were among the pioneers of that localit}'. Our subject, Ole T. Langen, grew to man- hood there, receiving his education in the district schools, helping his father to carry on the home farm in the meantime. In ISfiS he came to Otter Tail county, Minnesota, and located on a farm, taking a pre-emption near St. Olaf. When the village of Battle Lake was started he engaged in business at that point, being joined bv his family the next j^ear. He has since remained in business there, and his straightforwai'd and honorable business metiiods have built up for him an extensive trade. He has always handled wagons and various other im^ilements in connection with his lumber yard, and does a business of about §10,000 a year. Mr. Langen was married on the .'Id of February, 1870, to Miss Julia Larson, and they have been the parents of six children, four of whom are now living — Bertha, Agnes M., Leonai'd H. and an infant. Mr. Langen and wife are exemplary membei'S of the Lutheran church. He is a prohibitionist in political matters. Patrick KELLY, one of the pioneers W^ of the Xortliwest, is one of the most highly respected citizens of Caledonia, Traill countv, North Dak'ota, where he is engaged in the liver}' business. Having come to the Red River Valley in the days of its first settlement he has since been closely identified with its history, and has seen it in all the the various stages of its development, from pioneer times u]) to the present day. Mr. Kelly was born in Waterford, Racine county, Wisconsin, March 14, 1852, and is a son of Thomas and Anna (McAV^iiliams) Kelly, who were both natives of Belfast, Ireland. Our subject remained witli his parents and attended school at Water- ford until he was fourteen years of age, when he commenced work for the Northwestern Stage Company, and remained in their employ for about fourteen years. In 1871 he came to Moorhead, Minnesota, which was then composed almost wholly of tents, and for about eleven years ran a stage between Moorhead and Winnipeg. He was here at the time of the terrible Indian scare of 187-4, but continued running his stage and many of the fugitives were his passengers. In 1881 he quit the stage business and engaged in farming in Traill countj^, North Dakota, settling upon a homestead of 160 acres on section -4, Caledonia township. He remained there for five years, when he sold out and engaged in the liquor business in Caledonia village. This he continued for a couple of years, when he engaged in the livery business, which he has since followed. He is a genial, affable gentleman, a capable business man, and a man of the strictest integrity. He has always taken an active part in public affairs, has served as town supervisor, and every enterprise affecting the welfare of village or countj'^ receives his hearty aid and encouragement. Mr. Kelly was married in Caledonia to Miss Anna Brown, the adopted daughter of John and Catharine Brown. Their marriage has been blessed with the following children John T., Gertrude E., Robert Eai'l and Anna Josephine. JgNATZ REICHERT, proprietor of the IL Long Prairie House, is one of the leading hotel men in the Park Regions of Min- nesota. He is a native of Germany, born in Byron, on the 8tli of August, 1838, and is the son of John Reichert. The mother of our subject died when he was ten years old, and the father is leading a retired life in 756 KED niVF.K VALLEY AND Fond (111 Liio, Wisconsin. He emiojrated to tlie United States in 1850 and located about thirtv-five miles from Milwaukee, Wiscon- sin, wliere lie farmed for ten years, then settling in Fond du Lac, where he has since remained. Tiie father and mother of our subject were the parents of seven children — Catliarine, Marjraret, Ignatz, Mary. George, Michael and Ilenriette. Mr. Reichert, of whom this memoir treats, received his education in his native land, wliere h.e remained until lie was eleven years old. At tiiat age he emigrated to the United States with his father and located near IMilwaukee, Wisconsin. In 1860 heenjraovd in farming on his own account in Wasliington county, Wisconsin, and after eighteen montlis sold out and engaged in the retail li(|iior business for three months. He then i)ui'chased the Fond du I>ac Hotel, and after running it two months sold out to his brother-in-law. Soon after he built the Wisconsin House, and followed that business until 1868, when he removed to Spring Hill, Stearns county, Minnesota. He bought a farm, but in a short time sold it and went to Sauk Centre, where he ran a hotel for four months, and then removed to Long Prairie, Todil county, Minnesota, and erected the hotel lie now runs. He has also been enoaoed in tiie livcrv. meat market and har- Do •- ness business, but devotes the greater portion of his time to liis hotel. Mr. Reichert was married in 1861 to Miss Elizabeth Tapp, wlio died July 4, 1862. Our subject was married to his second wife in October, 1862, a Miss Regina Jentz, and they have been blessed with nine children — George, John. Mattie, Michael, Anna, Henry, Regina, Frankie and Minnie. Our subject and his family belong to the Catholic church. In his political belief he is an adherent to the principles of the democratic party. He is well known as a hotel man and his house is well patronized by the traveling public. l^RITZ HENNEBOHLE, one of Moor- J^^ head's most prominent German resi- dents, and a man who does a vast amount of business in various directions, jirojirietor of the St. Charles Hotel, manufacturer of brick, and also a farmer, will fonn the subject of the following biographical sketch. He was born in 1843, in Germany, the son of Hon. Theodore Hennebohle, also of German birth. The parents lived and died upon the farm they had worked ever since the\' were married. They had a family of eleven children, four of whom are now living — Adolph, Carls, Frederick and Lizzie. The father, it may be added, was a large farmer and was a representative in his country for two terms. He was also lieutenant in the German army. Our subject was raised on the farm, living at home until he was si.xteen years of age, during which years he had been sent to school, as most boys in that c'ountry are. He learned the machinist's trade and in 1866 came to America, settling in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he worked at his trade. In 1869 he had heard and read of the chances of Duluth being a great money-making place, then just springing up, so he went there, running a repair shop for the Lake Superior k, Mississippi Railroad. He also ran a small wagon shop at Duluth for aliout a year and a half, after which he came to Moorhead, in 1871, running a hotel and store for a time, when the hotel was burned. He continued doing business in the store for about five years. He next bought a farm and commenced to ojierate that, also engaged in making brick. He now owns 400 acres of land. In 1879 he erected his present hotel — the " Saint Charles" — ami has since operated that. He owns other buildings, including a store iniildiiig adjoining his hotel, as well as a tine block l)uilt in 1S88. The whole property', building and lots, is worth $17,000. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 757 He was married in 1870 to Miss Mary Nemier, of Germany, the daugiiter of George and Tlieresa Neinier. Tliey have seven chil- dren — Mary, Fritz, Adolph, Tresha. Lizzie, Annie, and a baliy, nnnamed at iliis writing. Politically our subject is a liberal demo- crat. He has given much toward public benelit in Moorhead and was amont;- the early settlers there. ^IIJI^HOMAS WALSH, of Grand Forks> •jL North Dakota, is one of the oldest pioneers of the lied Elver Valley. He was born in County Louth, Ireland, November 1-t, 1822. He commenced life for himself when about twelve years old by learning the tailor's trade at Montreal, Canada, serving an apprenticeship of four years. Lie then for two years worked as a journeyman at Burlington, Vermont, from where he went to Willsborougii, Essex county. New York, wiiere he opened a tailor shop on his own account. In 1856 he removed to Henderson, Sibley county, Minnesota, where he ojjened a shop and clothing store and served as post- master under President Johnson's adminis- tration. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Com]iany I, Tenth Minnesota Infantry, and participated in all the battles and skirmishes in which his regiment was engaged up to the battle of Nashville. He was wounded in this battle and for three months laid in the hospital at Jeffersonville, Indiana, after whicli he joined his regiment at New Orleans, proceeded to Mobile, and partici- pated in the taking of Spanish Fort. He was mustered out in September, 1865, and returned to Henderson to resume his busi- ness. In April, 1871, he removed to Grand Forks, Nortli Dakota, and engaged in the lumber, milling and mercantile business as a member of the firm of Griggs, Walsli & Co. Four years later they sold out to the Hud- son Bay Company, and since that time he has been engaged in the real estate business. He has held about all the cit}' or countj'^ offices at different times and served for six years as register of deeds. He built the first house in Grand Forks. He has taken a very prominent part in the upbuilding of the city and his name is a familiar one throughout the entire valley. No man has been more prominently identified with the history of this region. Mr. Walsh was married at Montreal, Canada, February 2, 1846, to Miss Eleanor Hanson, and they became the parents of the following family — George H., Carrie, Charles A. and Edmund. Carrie and Charles are dead. George married Laura M., a sister of Capt. Alex. Griggs, and is living on his farm near Grand Forks. Lie is an attorney by profession, and is at present a member of the Territorial council. Edmund is a resident of Crookston, and is clerk of court, and one of the leading citizens of Polk county, Minnesota. Thomas Walsh is an honored mendter of tiie Catholic church, and also of the Grand Army of the Republic. PALMER W. NILES, one of the earliest settlers of Wilkin county," Minnesota, having located therein 1872, is engaged in general farming and stock-raising, on section 4, township 131, range 47. He is a native of New York State, born in Bombay, Franklin county, December 15, 1834, and is a son of Reed and Sarah (Babcock) Niles, natives of Vermont. They were the parents of the following-named children — llittie, Louisa, Louisa, Alzina, Benjamin, Harry, Palmei-, Alzada, Stephen Wallace, Reed, Helen Maria, Ransom, Stephen Wallace and Ransom. Mr. Niles, of whom this article treats, remained at home with his parents until he 758 RED RIVER VALLEY AND was nineteen years old, when he went to Manitowoc county, Wisconsin, where he fol- lowed mill work and carpentering for eleven years. At the expiration of that time he removed to Green Bay, Brown county, Wisconsin, and after working at his trade and blacksmithing for some time removed to Minnesota, locating in Stevens county. After remaining there a short time he went to Meeker county, Minnesota, and erected the first building in Litchfield. In 1872 he removed to Wilkin county, Minnesota, and after working a year at his trade in Breckenridge located on his present farm. He has improved and cultivated his farm since that time, and now has one of the most desirable farms in the county. His farm comprises 200 acres of excellent land, and has good building improvements. In reviewing the life-work of our subject, we find that he enlisted in 1861 in an inde- pendent AV^isconsin infantry, and after his discharge he again enlisted in September. 18(J4, in the Eighth Iowa Cavali'v, receiv- ing his discharge in 18G5. He served in tiie battles of Xashville, Franklin and Col- umbia. After he was mustered out he located in Clinton, Iowa, and after a time returned to New York. From New York he went to Wisconsin, and, as narrated above, from there came to Minnesota. He .is one of the leading farmers of the county, and is highly esteemed by all who know iiini. Mr. Niles was married in 1871 to Miss Juliette Moore, and they have been blessed with five children — Ernest, Benjamin, Her- bert, Helen and Alice. Mr. Niles is a demo- crat in his i)olitical affiliations. He has held the offices of justice of the peace, con- stable, supervisor, etc., and is actively inter- ested in all local matters. He is a member of Sumner Post, No. 57, Grand Army of i!ie Republic. I^ERDINAND D. KEYE, one of the _ll'^ prominent business men of Argyle vil- lage, Marshall county, Minnesota, is engaged in the drug business in that place. He is a native of New York State, born in Niagara, New York, on the 4tli of February, 1853, and is the son of Andrew and Frederica (Ouden) Keye, natives of Germany. The fatlier helped build the .suspension bi'idgc at that place, and later removed to Minnesota, pre-empting a claim of 160 acres in Goodliue county'. Mr. Keye, the subject of this sketch, spent his boyhood-days on the farm, where he remained attendmg school and assisting his father until he was twenty-one. At that age he borrowed money and built a mill in Flor- ence townsliip on Wells creek. He remained there, meeting with the best of success, but the mill was finally destroyed by fire, and as he had a great (piantity of stored wheat the payment of the losses left him without any- thing. He then removed to Argyle, Marshall count}', Minnesota, where he erected the first building, and homesteaded land on the town site. He then put a small stock of goods in his dwelling-house, and a few montlis later, on the ad\ace and witii the assistance of A. J. McCay, of Goodhue county, erected a sub- stantial store building, Mr. McCay furnish- ing the money. He put in a general stock of merchandise, and after following the busi- ness for six years sokl out to Olson A: Ilolen, who are now carrying on the business. After selling out our sul)ject entered into partnership with his present brotiier-in-law, H. O. Gil- bertson, in thedrug business, which the}' have since continued. Mr. Keye also owns 1,000 acres of land, which he rents. He is one of the leading and successful business men of the village, and is a manof excellent business qualifications. Mr. Keye was married in Red Wing, Min- nesota, March 23, 1878, to Miss Elizabeth Terwilleger, the daughter of Gilbert and PARK RECIO.VS OF M/NA'ESOTA. 759 Margaret (Sandt) Terwilleger, natives of New York and Pennsylvania, respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Keye have been blessed with one child— Ralpli, born June 10, 1882, and died January 1, 1889. lie has held tlie following offices : First president of the village council, county com- missioner, town commissioner, etc. Mrs. Keye is a lady of excellent literary attain- ments, and previous to her marriage followed the ]irofession of a school-teacher. She is school director and is a lady who is highly' esteemed by all who know her. For an ex- tended time she was book-keeper for her hus- band and is thoroughly competent in almost Any branch of business. -.<^-, H. WHIPPLE, senior member of the firm of Whipple & Spicer, proprie- tors of the principal livery and sale stable of Detroit, Becker county, Minnesota, is one of the well-to-do and influential citizens of this part of the county. He is a native of Bradford county, Pennsylvania, where he was born in 1845. The parents of Mr. Whijijile were George L. and Martha (Rider) Whipple, both of whom could boast of nativity in the Empire State ; the father was a contractor and builder, and was a man of wealth and in- fluence in the locality in which he lived. The parents moved to Minnesota in 1866, and settled on a farm in Foster township, Faribault countv, where the father lived until hisdeatii, which occurred in 1883. The subject of our sketch was an only child and was given excellent educational advantages in Pennsylvania, his native State. Wh en lie grew up he eneao'ed in selline: notions and jewehy, continuing in this line of business until the spring of 1862. Then, when he was about sixteen years of age, he enlisted as a fifei' in the One Hundred and Thirty - second Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. His enlistment was for the period of nine months, but he remained' in the service for one year, participating in the battles of South Mountain, Antietam, Fred- ericksbui'g and Chancellorsville, being slightly wounded in the hand and ar'm at the battle of Fredericksburg. At the end of this year's service he returned home and soon after enlisted in the Thirty-third Regiment, New York Independent Batter}^ At this time he veteranized, enlisting for three years, or during the war, remaining in the service until the close of hostilities between the North and South. Mr. Whipple was in the expedition against Petersburg, and was with the Union Army when that city was cap- tured. At the close of the war the subject of our sketch went to Fall Brook, Tioga county, Penns\'lvania, where for eighteen months he engaged in driving a delivery wagon. lie then came to Minnesota, where he lived with his parents on the home farm in Faribault county, for about two years, at the end of which time he moved into the town of Wells, where he purchased a livery stable and outfit. Nine months were sufficient to satisfy Mr. Whipple with the livery business in Wells. He then went to Duluth, wiiere he found employment at painting for Lavaque & Foss, who had a contract for painting depots, hotels and emigrant houses along the Northern Pacific Railroad. One year was spent by him at this work and then he came to Detnjit, Beckei- county, where he opened the first ]iaint shoj) in the village. One year later he sold out his busi- ness, and then engaged in running the Wilson Hotel for one year. The following eigiiteen months were spent by Mr. Whipple on a claim in the township of Rich wood. Thence removing to West Richwood he cleared up a farm and remained thereon two years, losing both crops by the destructive grass- 76o RED KIVF.R VALLE Y AND hopper raids. This was a hard loss to bear and Mr. Whipple turned his attention to other business. He purchased a dairv estab- lishment at Lake Eunice, and carried that on for nine years with good success. At the end of this time he moved to Detroit village and leased the Northern Pacific Hotel, which lie conducted fer about eight months, then, in April, 1887, in compan\' with Mr. Spicer, he purchased his present livery outfit. Mr. Whipple was married in 1873 to Miss Mary A. Lee, of Ohio, and a daughter of John Lee. Mrs. Whipple died March 13, 1887. Mr. Whipple is one of the prominent busi- ness men of Detroit, being at all times ready to assist in the furthering of matters of public interest. He has been successful in business, and has gathered to him many warm personal friends. He is a stanch I'cpublican, and is an influential nu'mber of the Masonic and G. A. U. fraternities. -«" -»' arents to Minne- sota and remained with them until lie was seventeen. He then secured work on a farm and after four years went to Michi- gan and engaged in farming for one year, and in the salt works for six months. In 1870 he located on section 5, Burnham- ville township, Todd county, JMinnesota, 'I 762 RED RIVER VALLEY AND where he homesteaded land, and for fifteen 3'ears followed farming, lie held many of the local otfices, including sn[)ervisor, district clerk, school director, etc. In 1S86 he received tiie a|)i)ointmont of i)ostmastcr, and at once removed to tlie village and assumed the duties of that position. IVIi-. Merrell was married on the Ifith of June, 1866, to Miss Sarah J. Adrian, a native of Vermont and the daughter of Eev. Isaac Adrian, a I'a])tist minister. Mr. and Mrs. Merrell have been blessed with the following-named children — James, Ella M., Charles R., Rhodes A. and Jesse G. Mr. Merrell and his family belong to the Method- ist church. In political matters he affiliates with the democratic party. lie is a public- spiritL^ citizen, actively interested in all local matters, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. -'^; -<- J|SlON. KNUTE NELSON, who will form .IL^JL the subject of this biogra])hical article, is the most prominent citizen of Alexandria, Douglas county, Minnesota, and one of the leading men of the State. He is a native of the kingdom of Norway, born on the 2d day of February, 1843, and re- mained in his native land until he was six years old. At that jieriod in life he emi- grated to the United States, settling in "Wis- consin, where he was one of the leading citizens for many years. He attended school, receiving an academic education, and after completing his schooling studied law, was admitted to the bar, and since that time has more or less been actively engaged in the practice of his pi'ofession. He served in the Fourth "Wisconsin Infantry as a }>rivate and iion-commissiontxl officer during three years of the late war. During the session of 1868-69 Mr. Nelson was a member of the assembly in the AViscousin legislature, and in about 1870 removed to Minnesota, settliuii: in Alexandria, where he has since resided. During 1872, 1873 and 1874 he was prosecuting attorney of Douglas county, Minnesota. He was State senator in the Minnesota legislature in 1875, 1876. 1877 and 1878, and was presi- dential elector on the Garfield and Arthur ticket. He was elected from the Fifth Min- nesota District to the P'ortv-eighth Congress of the United States, and being re-elected at each succeeding election, served until the 4th of March, 1889, when he was succeeded by Hon. S. G. Comstock. He is one of the leading men in the State, and has been prom- inently identified with all political matters. A man of the highest integrity and honor, and a man of great abilit}', he has attained a National reputation. - ■ ■' > ' ■^^^•■ < '- • ■ fAMES V. CAMPELL, a prominent mem- ber of the farming community of Nor- man county, is a resident of the village of Ada. He was born in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. In 1829 he moved to New York, and lived there until 1850. During that year he emigrated to I'oi'tage county, Wisconsin, and settled in the town of Plo- ver, where he resuled continuously for twenty-eight years, following the various pursuits of farming, car[)entering and log- ging. In 1861 he enlisted in the Tenth Illi- nois Cavalry, and served one year, being mustered out in 1862 with the rank of sergeant-major. In the year 1878 he made another move to the "West, and settled in Ada, Minnesota, and engaged in the farm machinery business, wliicii business he con- ducted successfully until the fall of 1887, when he withdrew and has since followed facming. He has always been a stanch republican. Since the above was written we leni-n that Mr. Campell has been ai)pointed postmaster at Ada. PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 763 M^ MOS ROSE. The subject of this bio- JpSjL graphical slcetch is a resident of Breclcen ridge township, Willcin count}', Minnesota, where he is engaged in general fanning and stock-raising. He is a native of Canada West, born on the 27th of Octo- ber, 1S45, and is the son of Silas and Mary Ann (Hawldns) Rose. The father died in June, ISSl, and the mother in September of the same year. They were the parents of eight children — William, .Kachel, Hiram, Henry, Mary, Malissa, Amos, and one who died in infancy. Mr. Rose, of whom this article treats, I'emained at home, attending school and assisting liis father on the home farm until he was twenty years of age. In 1SG6 he removed to Kansas, where he foUowetl contracting on the Kansas Pacific Rail- road for five years, also working on the Fort Scott & Baxter Springs Railroad. At the expiration of that time he removed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he took a contract to build a grade on the Northern Pacific fi'om Crow Wing river west to three miles east of Moorhead. He was the first person to Iiaul goods to be lodged in Moor- head for Bruns & Finkle. After finishing the contract Mr. Rose went to St. Cloud, Minnesota, and took the contract to furnish piles for the Manitoba Railroad from St. Cloud to the Northern Pacific Railroad. He then took a conti-act from the same road to grade from four miles east of Sauk Centre to two miles west of Melrose. After filling the contract he engaged in various occupa- tions until 1872, when he located in Brecken- ridge, anil until 1884 was engaged by the Government, furnishing teams for transport- ing soldiers, etc., between different points. He then opened the first livery stable in the village, which business he carried on until he located on his present farm. Mr. Rose was united in marriage April 27, 1872, to Miss Lizzie Murph}^, a native of Wis- consin, and the daughter of Thomas Murphy. Her father worked in the copper mines until she was thirteen years old, when he moved to Dakota, setthng near Wild Rice, where he followed farming until his death, which occurred November 20, 1884. Mr. and Mrs. Rose have been blessed with four children — Dolly, Mertle, Orville and Willie. Our sub- ject is one of the prosperous farmers of Wil- kin coitnty, and has held the office of sur- veyor for three years. He devotes his time exclusively to farming and is prominently identified with all local matters. It will be of interest to state that while contracting on the Kansas Pacific road Mr. Rose served as boss over the original "Buffalo Bill" and became intimately acquainted with that notorious personage. EV. E. S. PEAKE, pastor of the Episco- W^ lial church in Detroit, Becker county, Minnesota, is one of the leading and es- teemed clergyman of the northern part of the State. He is a native of Andrias, Dela- ware county, New York, born January 15, 1830, and is the son of William C.and Anna (Merwin) Pbake, also natives of that county. Our subject's ancestry on his father's side were of English descent, while on the mother's side were of Welsh extraction. The Rev. Mr. Peake, spent his younger days in attending school in his native State, and after passing successfully through the common schools, entered the academy at Kingsboro, New York, and then at Delhi. From the latter place he went to Nashotah, Wisconsin, and entered the Episcopal Theo- logical Seminary, from which he graduated in 1852. He then became a tutor of the college at Nashotah, where he remained three years. At the expiration of tiiat time, and at the request of Jackson Kemper, Bishop of Wisconsin and Minnesota, he 764 RED KIVER VALLEY AND removed to Shukopee, Minnesota. He estab- lished cliarges at Foi-t Eidgely, on tlie Lit- tle Sioux and Winnebago Indian agencies. He was then sent to take charge of an Indian village ten miles north of lirainerd, Minne- sota, where he remained until 185G, when he went to CrowWing, and had chai'ge of the pas- torate at Little Falls for three years. He was then elected cha})lain of the Twenty-eighth Wisconsin Infantry, serving throughout the war, and was niustei'cd out with his regiment. He then returned to Minnesota, and, after spending one year in Austin, accepted a call to San Jose, California, where he remained for four and one-half years. At the expira- tion of that time he accepted a call to San Francisco, and after remaining in that city for seven and a half years returned, in 1878, to Minnesota, and was assigned to the charge at Moorliead, Minnesota. While there he visited Wadena, Valley City, Breckenridge, Croolcston, Gl3'ntlon, Ada and Pembina. After remaining two years in Moorhead he removetl to Detroit, and for two years was pastor at that place. In 1882 he went to Valley City, Dakota Terrirory, and after two years again returned to Detroit, where he lias since remained. He is a man of integrity and honor, a true Christian, con- sistent in his relations to all, and ati excellent pulpit orator. Rev. Peake was married in 1856 to Miss Mary Parker, and this union has been blessed with three children — Amasa, Fannie and Elizabeth. Our subject is chaplain of the Grand Army Post and tlie Park Region Association, G. A. R. i^ HESTER SHOUDY, publisher and pro- \^y ])rietor of the 2[ercury, at Brecken- ridge, Minnesota, is a native of Albany county. New York, l)orn February 19, 1857, and is the son of Hiram and Catharine Shoudy, also natives of New Y'ork State. Mr. Shoudy spent his younger days on the home farm, and attended the common school until he was fifteen years old, when he entered the State Normal School at Cedar Falls, Iowa. He then clerked in a drug store in Campbell, JMinne-sola, where he later purchased a small stock of drugs, and, in l)artnersliip W4th Dr. Heath, j-emained in business until March, 1888, when he re- moved to Breckenridge and purchased an interest in his present ])aper with IT. II. Snell. In 1884 Mr. Shoudy was nuirried to ]\Iiss Hattie Jay. In political matters lie attiliates with the democratic party. ■— fs?jsa— *■- ^ll^HOMAS SIMPSON, the live real estate ■3U agent of Perhara, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, was born in Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, A})ril 21, lSi9. Mr. Simpson is the son of Michael and Ann Isabella (McCoy) Sinipson, the former a native of Prussia, the latter of Philadel- phia, Pennsylvania. The parents settled in Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, in an early day, where the fatJier became a speculator of considerable note. From Pennsylvania the father went to IVIexico, where he engaged in catching wild horses for some lime, going thence to Pike's Peak to engage in digging for gold. He was quite successful in his various enterprises and became very wealthy. Gathering his means together he returned to the East to enjoy the comforts that his money and position would bring to him. Unfortunately, however, while riding in Fort Wayne, Indiana, he was thrown and badly disabled ; he lias since resided in Fort Wayne. The mother died in 1SS7. The subject of our sicetch was the only child in his father's family. He received his education principally in Williamsjiort, I'ennsylvania, where he attended ami giadu- I- ARK REGIOXS OF MIXNESOTA. 765 ated from a commercial college. His early life, however, was one of hard toil, and much of his early education was obtained by study on the old homo farm. He remained at liorae with his parents until he reached the age of eighteen years, when he began to look about for some business in which he could engage. AVhen still a mere bo}', by his mother's advice he first began speculating, after which he became a kind of g-eneral speculator for some years. For sixteen years he held the position of depot agent at SusquehaniKi, in the employ of the Pennsyl- vania liailroad Com])any. During this time he was a member of the school board for sev- eral years and was always identified with some of the public interests of the precinct in which he livetl. He was also superin- tendent of a Sabbath-school and a leader of the choir in the Presbyterian church for sev- eral years. At the conclusion of this ])eriod of sixteen years, he made up his mind to go West, taking the advice of one of America's most eminent men. He started for Wash- ington Territory, going by way of Chi- cago, where he remained three weeks and then went by way of steamer to Duluth, where he was detained a short time. He then struck out on an exploring expedition, and becoming interested in this kind of life he continued for some time in examining lands in northwestern Minnesota. In 1880 he came to Perham, Otter Tail county, Min- nesota, where he has since been engaged actively in the real estate business. In June, 1872, Mr. Simpson was married to Miss Cora Amelia Britton, a native of Lairdsville, Pennsylvania, a lady of excel- lent qualities and highly educated. Mr. and Mrs. Simpson have three children — Maud B., Grace E. and Guv C. Mr. Sim]ison is one of the brightest and most successful business characters in this part of the county, and has become famous as one of the "hustlers" in regard to land matters. He is familiar with every section along the Northern Pacific Railroad east of the western boundary of Minnesota. In politics ]Mr. Simpson is a loyal sup- porter of the ))i-inci])les of the republican party, and by virtue of his characteristics of energy and jnish has attained to con- siderable popularity in local politics. He is a leading member of the I. (). O. F. fraternity. EV. HARLAN G. MENDENHALL, pastor of the First Presl^yterian church in Grand Forks, North Dakota, is also president of the Grand Forks Plain- dealer Company, that paper being owned by a stock company. He is one of the most powerful pulpit orators in the Red River Yalley and a man of excellent literar}' attainments. He is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Chester county of that State on the 12th of April, 1851, and is the son of W. B. and S. A. (Harlan) Mendenhall, natives also of Pennsylvania. Mr. Mendenhall, of whom this article treats, attended the common schools in Ches- ter county until he was ten years old, when he entered the Willis Seminar}', East Hampton, Massachusetts, which he attended for two years. In 1869 he was connected with the Springfield, Massachusetts, Rejnihlican, and later he entered LaFayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, and after one year went to the Western Theological Seminary, Allegheny City, Pennsvlvania, where he remained three years, graduating with high honors in 1874. From 1875 to 1878 he was pastor of the Third Presbyterian church at Fort Wayne, Indiana, and for the succeeding three years had chai'ge of the Sixth Presbyterian church at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. From Pittsburg he was transferred to Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, where he had charge of the pastorate for two years, and in 766 RED RIVKR VALLEY AND November, 1883, was stationed at Lamoure, Dakota Territor}^ where he remained till the following April. In the summer of 1884 lie tooiv charge of the First Presijyterian church at Grand Forks, North Dakota, where he has since remained. ITe is a man of extensive and versatile knowledge, a thorough scholar antl a forcible speaker. He is a ])owerf ul ora- tor, and is jiopular and highly esteemed wherevei' he is known. In February, 1889, he bought an interest in the Grand Forks Plaindealer, of which he is president. The paper is owned by a stock company, and is one of the leading journals in the lied Ttiver Valley. Mr. Mendenhall is a man of the strictest honor and integrity, and is a con- scientious Christian gentleman. Our sul)ject was united in marriage in Mercersl)urg, Pennsylvania, on the 12th day of October, 1882, to Miss Lncretia Brewer, who died in that place, March 18, 1883. She was an estimable lady and highly esteemed by all who knew her for her numy virtues. Our subject is a member of the militar\' order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, and also belongs to the Sons of Vet- erans. In political matters he affiliates with the republican j)arty. fOHN P. LUNDIN is a prominent busi- ness man of the village of Stephen, Marshall county, ^Minnesota. He is engaged in the insurance, loan and real estate busi- ness, and also carries a large stock of general merchandise, besides having a farm of about four hundred acres which he is farming. Mr. Lundin is a native of the land of Sweden, and was born in Limnberga, May 6, 1851. His parents were Ole and Anna C. (Johnson) Peterson, natives of Sweden, and farmers by occupation. His father is deceased and his mother is still living in the old country. He has three brothers — two in the United States and one in Sweden. The subject of our sketch lived at home with his i)arents on the farm until he was twenty years of age, and then, in 1871, emi- grated to tlie United States. The first year of his life in this country was spent in farm work near Paxton, Illinois. He then spent one 3'ear at the carpenter's trade, and then for one year engaged in farming for iiimself. Turning his attention to easier manual pur- suits he clerked in a store for one year, after which, for two years, he became agent . for the Union Pacific Railroad Company selling land. He then engaged in the insurance and fruit tree business, which he ' followed until 1878. He then removed to Chicago, Illinois, where he became gen- eral Scandinavian agent for the P. tfc M. < Eailroad, with his office in the Ashland block. He continued in tliis important position until the spring of 1881, when he made a visit to Sweden, returningtoChicago, May 15th, of the same year. He then engaged as traveling agent for the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railroatl for one year, and in the spring of 1882 removed to Stephen, Marshall county, Minnesota, where he engaged actively in selling lands as agent for that company in the years of 1882 and 1883. In 1884 Mr. Lundin built a large store building and opened a general mer- chandise business, and in connection han- dled insui'ance loans and real estate. He still holds the position of land agent for the railroad company. December 29, 1881, Mr. Lundin was mar- ried at Paxton, Illinois, to Miss Marv E. Fager, daugliter of Charles Fager. Mrs. Lundin was born September 3, 1858, at Attica, Indiana. The fruits of this mar- riage were two children — Arthur John and Linda. Mr. Lundin has held numerous positions of trust since coming to this county, and in PARK REGWKS OF MINNESOTA, 767 every way has proven himself a worthy and efficient officer. He lias been chairman of the town board, village recorder, and is now a member of the board of school directors, and is also town treasurer. He is a leading member of the Congregational church, and in politics affiliates with the republican party. Mr. Lundin has been cai-eful and conserva- tive in business matters, and has been emi- nentlv successful in all lines in which he has engaged. -«- -1^. [OHN KABERNAGLE, county auditor of Pembina county, North Dakota, is one of the most pi-ominent citizens as well as pioneers of the Ked Eiver Valley. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland, January 3, 1853, and is a son of Herman H. and Mary E. (Musterman) Kabernagle, who were natives of Hanover, Germany. Our subject grew to manhood in his native city, receiving his education in private schools, which he attended until about fifteen years of age. He then engaged in clerking in stores, and followed this until twenty-one years old. He then went to Washington, District of Columbia, for instructions preparator}^ to becoming connected with the Government's signal service. He was stationed as assistant at Philadelphia for one year ; then for six months was stationed at Boston. He was then ordered back to Washington, promoted to observer ami given charge of the Balti- more station. One 3'ear later he was trans- ferred to Pittsburg. In 1S7G he came to Pemljina, Dakota, and assumed charge of the signal service station there, and after remain- ing two years was ordered to Arizona. Not liking the country nor climate of that region, he resigned his position and returned to Pembina. In company with the sheriff, Charles J. Brown, he engaged in the mercan- tile business, and this partnership continued until the death of Mr. Brown, in October, 1885. Since that time Mr. Kabernagle has been engaged in fai'ming, and also owns an interest in the brewery. He owns 320 acres of land near Hamilton. Mr. Kabernao'le was elected auditor of Pembina countv in November, 1888, running on an independent ticket, and being endorsed by the republicans. He also served as deputy county treasurer in 1888. He has always taken an active and prominent part in everything calculated to aid in the development of this region, and every laudable enterprise has alwavs received his earnest support. He has held vai'ious local positions, such as supervisor, city clerk, etc. He is a memlier of both the Masonic and Odd-Fellows fraternities. Mr. Kabernagle was married at Pembina, September 5, 1888, to Miss Hannah Eyford. — — «"f^^"€— — fOHN RISTOW, one of the many gallant " boj's in blue" and veterans of the Civil War who live in the Ked River Valley, is engaged in farming on section 18, Fanny township, Polk countv, Minnesota. Few men in the northern part of the State have a more eventful history or a more eventful army record. Mr. Ristow was born in Prussia on the 9th of Februar^^ 181:7, and is a son of Joachim and Mary (Wilk) Ristow, both of whom were natives of the same kingdom. The family came to the United States in 1860 and settled in Buffalo count}'. Wiscon- sin, where the parents died. John Ristow remained at home aiding in carrying on the home farm until he was fourteen j'ears of age. At that time he com- menced life's labors on his own account, working for various farmers in Buffalo county, Wisconsin. On the 15th of August, 1862, he enlisted in Company G, Twenty- fifth Wisconsin Infantrv. and was sent to 768 RED KirilR VALLEY AND Minnesota to aid in defending the settlers of the frontier in the famous Indian out- break of 1862. Six months after his enhst- mcnt he was transferred to the regular service, and assigned to Company C, Eig-hth United States Infantry. For some time lie was on iieadquarters duty for General Hooker, and later for General Mead. In July, 1808, he and his regiment were sent to New York City to quell the riot just after the battle of Gettysburg. He remained with the Eiglith llegulars until a peculiar incident occurred. He went out one night in the city and was detained until morning. In returning he met a member of his company and was tolil that he would be "court-martialed." This made him nervous over results and he quietl}^ joined Company E, Thirty-ninth New York Infantry, enlist- intr under the name of Charles Homan. He served with this regiment until the battle of Spottsylvania Court House, May 12, 1804. At this battle iie lost his left arm and was wounded in the right side and right arm. He was then sent to the hospital at Wash- ington, and two months latei' to the Chris- tian street hospital in Philadelphia, Penn- sylvania. From there he was transferred to the Broad and Cherry streets hosjtital, and was finally honorabl}' discharged. After beintr mustered out of the service Mr. Ristow returned to Wisconsin and enoaofed in farming. He remained there until 1878, when he came to Polk county, Minnesota, and took 100 acres of land as a homestead on section 18, Fanny town- ship, where he now lives. This place has since been his home with the exception of four years, when he was county jailer and lived in Crookston. His farm is under a high state of cultivation and is a valuable one. His building improvements are sul> stantial and comfortable. Mr. Ristow draws a pension of $-15 per month and well deserves it. He is a genial, hospitable and intelligent gentleman, well posted on all public matters, a man of the strictest integrit}' and is highly regarded in the locality in which he lives. He has always taken a part in all matters of a public nature and has filled many of the local offices. ]\Ir. Ristow was married at Alma, Buffalo i county, Wisconsin, to Miss Elizabeth Buehler, a daughter of John and ^[ary (Veraguth) Ruehler. She was born in Fountain City^ Wisconsin, but her parents were natives of I Switzerland. IVfr. and Mrs. Ristow are the parents of the following children — Charles, Mary, Maggie, John, Theodore and Eliza- beth, all of whom ai'e living at home. -^^ J^ENGT JOHNSON, of llallock, Kittson Jtfey county, Minnesota, is county treasurer of his county and is one of the most highly respected and prominent citizens of that locality. He was born in Yirke, Sweden, on the 20th of November, 1854, and is a son of John and Boel (Larson) Swenson, natives also of Sweden. He grew to manhood in his native land, receiving the same training as to integrity, frugality and industry which is so characteristic of his race. He received an excellent education, attending common schools until seventeen and then for six months attended the graded school at Ilvilan. He then worked in a foundry and machine shop for about two years. He then went to a ]n"ivate school for a year, when he entered the college at Malmo, where he took a thorough course of three years and graduated with the highest honors. He then kept books in that town for about one year, and at the expiration of that time, on the 1st of May, 1880, came to the Ignited States. He made his way directl}- to Dakota, worked on a railroad for a time and followed various kinds of labor until the spring of 1881. He then went to Kittson county, Minnesota, and PARJC REGIONS OF MINNESOTA 769 took a ]ire-emption on section 2, Skane town- shi]). Tie improved this and still owns the farm. lie lived upon it until the fall of 1888, when he removed to Hallock, having been elected county treasurer on the " Peo])le's ticket." «« f NICHOLAS NIMESYERN is a resident of Red Lake Falls, Polk county, Minne- sota, where lie has a well-stocked and ]iopular confectionery and notion store. His native place is found in Ozaukee county, Wisconsin, where he was born January 29, 18.57. His parents were John and Maggie (Zinimer) Nimesyern, natives of Germany. The subject of our sketch spent his early life helping his parents with work on the farm, and also working for neighboring farmers and turning over the proceeds of his labor to his father. In those days the advantages for receiving an education were not of the highest order, but he contrived by home study and attending the district schools somewhat to obtain a fair knowl- edge of books. Remaining with his parents until he was twenty-one years old, he then engaged in farm work for himself. After two years spent in that kind of labor, he next turned his attention to carpentering, following that trade for some five years. Being desirous of obtaining a better educa- tion, during these five years he attended school in the '\\anter months, making a par- ticular stmly of architecture and draugiiting, as he then expected to follow the carpenter's trade as a life-long business. He also took a course of instruction in St. John University, in Stearns county ; three years of the time, or a greater part thereof, were spent in Albany, Steai'ns count}'. Removing thence he went to Fergus Falls, Otter Tail county, where he remained for six months working at his trade. Then, in 1882, he came to Red Lake Falls, purchased four lots, and settled down to work at his ti-ade. He made carpenter work his principal business for about two years, then, in company with his brother, Peter, he engaged in the fur- niture trade, continuing the partnership until 1886. In that year he bought out his brother's interest and has since continued in business alone. In 1887 to the furniture goods he added a stock of fruits and con- fectionery and also musical instruments. His stores are both in one building, but he occupies two rooms, one containing his fine stock of furniture and the other his notion store. Mr. IS'imesj'ern has become one of the leading men of Red Lake Falls, and b}' his courteous manners and public spirit has formed many warm friendships. Leaving home when a poor boy, he had no one to look to for support or help and had to make his own way by hard work at any kind of labor he could fine to do. Starting out with nothing, by thrift and careful management he has grown into good circumstances and has built up an extensive trade. He is a lead- ing member of the Catholic church. -«- ^^> RANK J. THOMPSON, one of the P^ leading members of the Red River Valley Bar, a well-known lawyer of Fargo, is also one of the most prominent members of the Masonic fraternity in the Northwest. Mr. Thompson was born at Rockford, Illinois, on the 23d of August, 1854, and is a son of Jared C. and Sarah J. (Mason) Thompson, natives of the State of New York. At the time of his birth his parents were in Illinois on a visit, their home being in Augusta, Michigan. While our subject was still a small child his parents removed to Marshall, Michigan, where he spent the greater jjortion of his l)oyhood-days. He attended the common schools until twelve no RED RIVER VALLEY AND years of age, when lie began life on liis own account. Since tiiat time lie has depended wliolly upon ills own exertions, and is in every sense a sclf-niade man. Thus tlie work of a in;in devolved upon him while he was still a child; hut he succeeded l)y hard work and indefatigable energy in educating iiiuiself, and he is to-day one of the most able and ca]ial)le lawyers in the valley. When he left home he learned the machinist's trade, working for eighteen months as an office boy, and then went into the shops and followed this for four years. lie then sup- ported himself by kee})ing books and look- ing after hotel interests. He then, having a talent for music, finished a musical course, and for two years thereafter taught piano music at Centerville and Three Elvers, Michi- gan. At the oxniration of that time he went to Jackson, Michigan, and for two years attended the college at that place ; then entered the law oHice of Higley 'k. (Jibson, and for eighteen months diligently pursued his legal studies. lie was then admitted to the bar, and opened an olfice in ,Iac-kson, Michigan, continuing in practice there until the sjjring of 1S7S, when he removed to Fariro, North Dakcjta, and has since made that his home and pursued his profession. He has built u]) a lucrative business, as he is a successful practitioner, a safe and cautious counsel, an able speaker aiul a thorough law- yer. During early days here he also found time to devote some of his energies to differ- ent lines, being at one time connected with the United States land office as clerk, and has also devoted some attention to fai-ming interests. As has been stated, Mr. Thompson is an honored member of the ]\tasonic fraternity, a member of Sliilo Lodge, No. S, Faigo, of which he has served as worshipful master for five consecutive years. He is vener.'dile nuis- ter of Perfection Lodge, Scottish Kite Masons. At various times he has served as an officer in the Grand Lodge of Dakota, and is now for the second time serving as reporter on foreign cori'cspcjndencc for the Grand Lodge of Dakota. He is a Royal Arch Mason, Knight Temjjlai', and has received the thirty- third and last degree in Scottish Kites of South Jurisdiction. Our subject was married in Minneapolis, Noveud)er 12, 1882, to Miss Eluiadine IJis- sonette, a daughter of Antoine and I'hila- mene Bissonette. They have one cliilil named Jaredine. ^♦>« ►^- I. UNDERWOOD, deceased, was edi- tor and i)ro])i-ietor of the Fergus Falls Journal, established July, 1873. He was clerk of court, which position he held for many years with credit to himself and satisfaction to all concerned. He was a native of Clymer. New York, and was the son of Aliishaand Mary (Alvord) Underwood, also natives of New York. Mr. Underwood was married to Mi.ss Nancy Folsom in 1857, and this union was blessed with livechildren--Annie, IJenjamin, Judson, May and Elizabeth. Mrs. Under- wood still has an interest in the Jon null, and is a lady of more than ordinary attainments and ability. Mr. Underwood was a I'epuMi- can and an exemplary citizen, hiyldy esteemed and res[)ected by all who knew him. He with his family belonged to the Presbyterian church, of which organization he was deacon for many years. M NDREW PETERSON is the present _2P^^ efficient cashier of the Pank of AVheaton, Traverse county. Minnesota. The bank was incorporated on the IHth day of January, 1889, with the following ollicers : President, David Burton ; vice-])resident, O. R. Lifitt; and cashier, Andrew Peterson, the PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 77t subject of this article. Mr. Peterson is a native of tiie icinndom of Norway, bom in JBergen Stift, in tlie nortiiern part, on the 9th day of February, 1862, and is the son of Peder and Sigre Pederson, also natives of tiiat kingdom. The father and mother, who are still residing in Norway, are the parents of the folio \ving-named children— Peder, David, Anna, Andi'ew and Aone. Of the children all are in Swift county, Minnesota, except Peder, who is still in Norway, and Andrew, our subject. Mr. Peterson the subject of this memoir, receiveil his education in his native hind, where lie rcsmained until 1880. Then he emigrated to the United States, and located in Swift county, Minnesota, where he woi'lced on a farm dui'ing that summer, and in the following wintei' attended school in I'enson. In the spring of 18S1 he secured a position as clerk in the general store of A. N. John- son & Co., with whom he remained for four years. At the expiration of that time he returned to his native land, and after remain- intr one week, amiin emifirated to the United States, bringing lifLy-two emigrants with him, who all settled in Minnesota. Upon his return he located in the village of Wheaton, Traverse county, Minnesota, and opened a general merchandise store, which he carried on, doing a large business until 1888. Then he engaged in the machinery and collecting business until the present Pank of Wheaton was established, when our subject assumed the duties of cashier. Mr. Peterson was united in marriage, in 1885, in Benson, to Miss Randi Jjelgum, and this union has been blessetl with one boy — Albert S. Our subject anil his family belong to the Lutheran church. In political matters he is an adiierent to the principles whicii govern the republican party. He is one of the representative citizens of Wheaton and is pi'ominently identified with all local matters. 'AMES FOREMAN. The subject of this ^ article is a resident of the village of Argyle, Marshall count}^ Minnesota, where he is engaged in blacksmithing. He is a native of Scotland, born in Forfarshire, and is the son of David and Jane (Clyne) Fore- man, iilso natives of that kingdom. Mr. Foreman remained at home attending school until he was sixteen years old, whim he commenced in life for himself by entering an ap|)renticesliii) to the blacksmith's trade. After learning his ti'ade he worked out for one year and again I'eturned to the old shop. After remaining six weeks he again worked for six months in a country shop, then went to a new emplover, with wiiom he remained one year. He then went to Montrose and after working six months again returned to a country shop, where he remained one year. At the expiration of that time he went to Brechin and worked si.x months at his trade. In 1882 he removed to Crookston, Minnesota, and after working one year for McKinin Brothers, removed to Argyle, Marshall county, Minnesota, and purchased his present blacksmith sho]). He also runs a wagon sho]) in I'onnei-tion and is doing a good business. Mr. Foreman was married in Orookston, Minnesota, on the 19th of November, 1884, to Miss Josie Johnson. They are devoted members of tiie i'l'csbyti'rian church. Our subject is a member of the village council. He is a hard woi'ker and is an exemplary citizen, • highly esteemed by all who know him. PIERRE BOTTINEAU, well known as a guide in Sibley's expedition across the plains, and as Government scout, is a resi- dent of the village of Red Lake Falls, where he owns considerable land near the village. He is a native of Dakota, born about twelve miles west of Grand Forks, and is the son of ni RF.n RTVF.K V/ir.LF.V yl.VD Charles and Margaret (Clear Sky) Bottineau. About the time our subject was born Lord Selkirk formed a colony of Swedes and Scotchmen near Fort Gary, and after tlie death of Lord Selkirk they commenced an exodus. Although our subject was a boy, he was well skilled as a guide, and he acted as such to a great many families. Tn a great many early ex]ieditions lie was employed as a scout and •luide bv the Government, and was such in tiio noted Sibley expedition. He is well accjuainted with all Dakota, Min- nesota, Montana, etc., and his services as such were invaluable. In IS-tl he took a claim where St. Paul now stands, but later sold it for a horse and cow. He then bought a claim where St. Anthou}' Falls is located, and by the dishonesty of purchasers lost thousands of dollars. He now owns 200 acres of line land adjoining the village of Eed Lake Falls. Mr. Bottineau was married in Winnipeg to Miss Jennie Larence, and they were blessed with the following-named children — Pierre (dead), John, Pierre (dead), Mary, Danie (dead), Eosalie (deceased), Margarette, Leon and Elsie (twins, deceased). After Mrs. Bottineau's death, our subject married Miss Martha Garvis, and they have been blessed with tlie following-named children — Martha, Charles, Leon, Henrv, William, Emilie, George (deceased), George, Norman, Laura, Jennie (dead), Jenn}', Agnes and Noah. -«>-: %^^ILLIAM H. PATTEE, M. D. a prom- \^md inent and leadino- physician and ph. surgeon, residing in tlie village of Pelican Jlapi(.ls, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, is also engaged in the drug business in connec- tion with his professional work. From the records of a meeting held in May, 1788, tiie orthography of the name Pattee has undergone various changes, such as Petty, Pettee, Patty, Pattee, etc., yet all derived from the same original word. The following is a brief ancesti'al record of our suijject's ancestry. Sir William Pattee was a physician to Cromwell and King Charles of England. He was one of the founders of the Koyal Society and was knighted in 1660. He was a co[)ious and exhaustive writer on political economy, and Macaula\' in his history of England mentiuns this fact. Petei' Pattee, a son of Sir William was born in Lansdowne, England, in KUs. In Kid'.t on account of certain politicial ideas he enter- tained, he found it necessary to take a hasty departure from his native country. He emigi'ated to the United States, and settled in Virginia, and after remaining a few years went to ILaverhill, Massachusetts, where, in November, 1677, he took the oath of alle- giance. He was married at LLiverhill, and became the father of a large family. He founded the corporation at that jilace and established a ferry and mill, which retains his name to this day. Peter Pattee was the grandfather of Captain Asa Pattee, who was born at Haverhill in 1732, and removed to Warner county, Massachusetts, at about the close of the Revolutionary War. He was a captain in the French and Lidian Wars, and was j)resent at the taking of (^uel)ec. On coming to Warner he located where the village now stands and erected the iirst frame house, now known as the Lh: Eaton House, in which he ran a hotel for a. number of years. He was the father of John Pattee, who was the father of Asa, Jesse and Cyrus Pattee, also of Daniel, who settled in Canaan and whose descendants are prominent citizens of Grafton county, Massachusetts. Asa Pattee, the son of John Pattee, the grandson of Capt. Asa Pattee, and the great-great- great-grandson of Sir William, was born in Warner county, Massachusetts, on tiie Hth day of October, 1800, and was educated in the PARK KEGIONS OF MINXESOTA. 773 district scliool on Tory Tlill. In 182Y he was married to Miss 8allio Colby, the daughter of Stephen Colby, one of the Revolutionary soldiers and a prominent man of a century ago. Mr. Tattee was a practical and success- ful farmer through life, and served repeat- edly as a selectman and representative. He was the father of the following- named children — John (deceased), Dr.Luther, Stephen C, Dr. Asa ; and daughters, Mrs. Palmer and Mrs. E. C. Cole. William 11. Pattee, M. D., the subject of this sketch, is a native of Warner county. New llnm[)shire, l)()rn Se])tem])er 7, 1856, and is the son of Stephen and Sally Pattee, also natives of that county. The father was the son of Peter Pattee, who has been men- tioned above. Our subject remained at home attending school until he was twenty-one years old. In June, 1877, he graduated with high honors at Burlington, Vermont, and then for a few months attended medical lec- tures at Boston. He then went to Belmont, where he engaged in his professional work until the spring of 1878. He then went to London Eidge, and until 1881 followed the practice of medicine. In February, 1881, he removed to Minnesota and located at Peli- can Rapids, Otter Tail county, Minnesota, where he engaged in his profession, and in 188G, in partnership with Dr. Rea, established his present drug store. Since that time he has been actively engaged in liis profession and the drug business, and is one of the most prominent and successful practitioners in the county. Dr. Pattee was married on the Slth da}' of September, 188;?, to Miss Antoinetta Scott, and this union has been blessed with the fol- lowing-named children — Stephen and Her- bert. Our sul)jeet is a democrat in his politi- cal affiliations and is actively interested in all local matters. He is a man of the strict- est integrity, and is highly esteemed both professionally' and as an exemplary citizen. M. HIGLEY, a prominent merchant of Lake Park, Becker county, Minne- sota, is engaged in the hardware business, handling a full line of heavy and shelf hard- ware, stoves, tinware, cutlerj', household furnishing goods, etc. He is a native of Potter county, Pennsylvania, born on the 17ih day of December, 1843, and is the soti of Isaac M. and Polly (Felt) lligley, natives of New Vork State. The father removed to Pennsylvania in about 1840 anil in 18.52 to Jo Daviess county, Illinois, whei'c he followed farming for three years. Then in 1856 he settled in Dover township, Olmsted county, Minnesota, where he pre-empted 160 acres, where he is now living, engaged in farming. Mrs. Higley died in 1857. They were the parents of three children, two of whom are now living — our subject and Susan. Mr. Higley, of whom this article treats, remained at home, attending school until he was seventeen years old, when he enlisted in Brackett's Cavalry. They at once went to Benton Barracks, and formed in the Fifth Iowa C!avalry. Our subject was on the skir- mish line in Kentucky and Alabama, and in 1864 re-enlisted and was with Genei'al Sully's expedition across the plains.. In 1866, after receiving his discharge, he I'eturned home and ])urchased a faiMii, on which he remained, engaged in farming until 1870. He then removed to Becker county, Min- nesota, and took a soldier's liomestead five miles south of Lake Park, which he culti- vated and improved, remaining there until 1883. He then traded his farm for his pres- ent property in Lake Park, on the corner of block 10, where he has since carried on the hardware business. He has been piomi- nently identified with the ])rogress of the village, and has held the following offices: member of the school board, village recorder, constable, school treasui'cr, etc. Mr. lligley was mari'ied in 1867 to Mrs. E. M. Bogue, of St. Charles, Minnesota, and 774 KED KJVER VALLEY AND the daiiglitiM- of ]\rorril and Maria Chamber- lin. P.v iiei- first IuisIkukI l^frs. Iligli'V was the mother of two cliildren — William H. and Harriet A. '\\\\ and Mrs. lligloy are the |)afents of four children, named as follows — Miles M., Ella E., Frank B. and Mary E. Our subject is a rcjiublican in his political alliiiations. lie is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and Sons of Temper- ance. He is one of the solid business men of the place. ^M.LBERT P.MclNTYRE, proprietor of the .^^L Windsor House, and also postmaster of Warren, Marshall county, Minnesota, is a native of Wisconsin. lie was born in Kenosha county on the 25th of August, 1845, and is the son of John P. and Margery Mclntyrp. natives of New York. In 1857 his parents I'emoved to Dodge county, Min- nesota, and located on Government land there. Mr. IMclntyre, the subject of this sketch, remained at home until August 21, 1862, when he enlisted in Company B, Tenth Min- nesota Infantry. He expected to receive a twenty-days' furlough to go home and har- vest, but owing to the Indian trouble coming on the company were ordered to the Win- nebago Agency, where they renuiined nine mouths and then joined Sibley's expedition. After til is was finished tliey returned to Fort Snelling, Minnesota, and were ordered to St. Louis, Missouri, where they were sta- tioned for two or throe days in lienton Bar- racks, wiien their colonel, J. H. Baker, was appointetl })rovost marshal, and for nine montlisoui' subject's company served on pro- vost duty in tlie cit}'. Tiiey were then ordered to Cokuubus, Kentucky, and after remaining in camp there for two months went to Mem- phis, where they were for three months. Their brigade, under Colonel Mower, then went up White river to Duvall's Bluff and into Mis- souri to Cai)e Girardeau, and then to St. Louis. From St. Louis they went to Jeffer- son City, and then to the west side of the State in pursuit of General Price. Their brigade nnmliered 3,000, and they suddmdy came upon Price with troops numbering ai)0ut fifteen thousand, whic-ii caused a hast}' but orderly retreat in our subject's bi'igade. Tiiey then went to Jefferson City by boat, and from there to the western pait of the State to intercept Price, but i)efore they got there he had left. They then went to St. Louis, and then to N.ashville, Tennes- see, where they were in battle with Hood. They carried the pursuit to Eastport, where they camped three or four weeks, and then took ])assage to New Orleans. They arrived tiiere in February, 1865, and in a short time took passage to Mobile Bay, and after remaining two weeks took transport to the east side of Spanish Fort, where they were under fire for several days. On the 19th of A[)i'il the fort was evacuated, and wiiile on their way to Montgomery they received word of Lee's surrender. From Montgomery tiiey went to Meridian, Mississippi, where they remained nearly four months, and then returnetl to Minnesota and were mustered out August 21, 1865. After his discharge our subject returned home and engaged in farming until 1878, when he located in Mar- shall county, Minnesota, wiiere he took a homestead and three and one-quarter sec- tions of sciiool land and one-half section of railroad land. In ISSl he l)uilt his home in Warren, where he has since lived. He opened a real estate office, and was appointed agent for raili'oad lands, and served an unex- pired term as sheriff, also county ti'easurer. He has been county commissioner and chairman of that body for tiii'ce years, also chairman of the school iioard. In 1885 he opened the Windsor House, wliich he still runs. In Mav, 1886, he was appointed post- master, which position he still fills. He is one of the solid business men of the place, PARK RKGJOXS OF MINNESOTA. 775 and is higlily esteemed by all who know him. Ml'. Mclntyre was united in marriage December 26, 1869, to Miss Margaret Hunter, the daughter of William and Mar- garet (Furgerson) Hunter, natives of Scot- land. In political matters he affiliates with the ileraocratic party. — — *— S^}^-*— ^ E. REYNOLDS is the editorand manager ^ of the AYadena Pioneer. Mr. Kej'nohls came to Wadena, Wadena county, Min- nesota, in June, 1888, to take charge of the above-named papei', which office he had pur- chased in company with his father. Prof. B. M. Eeynolds, a short time previous. This ])aper is the oldest and most influential republican journal in AVailena county, and when first established by S. S. Gardner, in 1878, it bore the name of Northern Pacific Farmer. There have been numerous changes in the ownersiiip and editorial nmnagement of the paper, but through all the changes it lias adhered to the principles of the repub- lican party. In 1885 the paper was under tiie management of Messrs. Beerman & Will- son, and in tliat year its name was changed to the Pioneer. In 1886 Mr. Beerman became the sole proprietor of the paper and continued in charge untd June 1, 1888, when it was purchased by the present owners, B. M. &c J. E. Reynolds. Since Mr. Re^'nolds took charge of the paper it has im- proved very materially, and it is now one of the briglitest and newsiest journals in the Northwest. Mr. Reynolds also has a large department in his office where he j)rints blanks of ail kinds. He carries a large amount of iidvertising and lias made his paper an eminent success in ;ill of its deiiart- ments. The subject of our sketch is a native of Lockport, New York, wliere he was born I November, 1, 1863. His parents were Prof. Benjamin M. and Mary A. Reynolds. When Joseph E. was but three j'ears of age his par- ents removed to Madison, Wisconsin, where the father was superintendent of the city schools for four years. For two years he was super- intendent of the schools of Monroe county. In 1873 the family removed to La Crosse, Wisconsin, where the father was princijial of the high school foi- four ye;irs. He is now residing in Fergus Falls, Minnesota, where he is superintendent of the city schools. Joseph E., the subject of our sketch, while the family was in La Crosse apprenticed to learn the printing business in the office of the Liberal Democrat, a daily pajier issued by Symes & Usher. This paper is now known as the 31orning Chronicle. After con- tinning some time in the office of the Dem- ocrat lie entered the office of the Repuhlican ami Leader, remaining in these offices two or three years, being for one year foreman in the latter office. At the end of this period he accepted a position in tlie office of the Morning Chronicle, with which he continued some six or seven years, for four years of that time beino- assistant foreman. Leavins: La Crosse he spent two years in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. October 1, 1887, he went to Ashland, same State, where lie accepted a position as foreman of the composing room of the Morning News, a leading daily paper. Remaining eiglit months with this paper, he then removed to Wadena, Wadena county, Minnesota, where he has since resided. Mr. Reynolds is thoroughly qualified both by natural endowments and education, experi- mentali}' and otherwise, to occupy his present position at the head of the leading ])aper of Wadena county. He has had foui-teen years' experience in the newspaper business, and, therefore, understands it in all its details. In politics Mr. Reynolds is a loyal repulilican, believes in the principles of that part\' and always votes a " straight ticket." 776 RED RIVER VALLEY AND J^^ H. NOLEM, who is engaged in the -l.''\- general merchandising business in partnership witli Mr. Tiioni])son, lias been a resident of liarnesville, JMinnesota, since 1882. AVhen he first settled tliere he was employed by the railroad company as bag- gage man, and later had cliarge of the trans- fer. In the spring of 1883 he was employed as cleric, from which he gradually worked up, and f rom Se]itember, 1887, to September, 1888, was agent at Glyndon. Then he returned to Barnesville, where he has since been engaged in his present business. He is a native of Kings county, New IJi-unswick, where he remained until coming to Barnes- ville in 1SS2. He is a leading merchant of that place and is doing a good business. -«« ARVIS A. GRANT is CTigaged in the lumber business and handles farm ma- chinery at Detroit, T'ecker county, Min- nesota. He is also engaged in the manu- facturing of all kinds of furniture, and is conductino- some of the largest business enterprises in this part of the county. The place of his nativity' is in the sea-bound Province of New Brunswick, where he was born in 1831. Mr. Grant is the son of William and Hannah (White) Grant, the former being a native of New Brunswick, the latter boi'n in Maine. The father was engaged for many 3'ears in farming on an extensive scale, and also in conducting a large lumber business in New Brunswick-. At the time of his death, in 1884, he was a resident of the State of Maine. The mother died in 1854. In the farmer's family were fourteen children, four of whom are now living — William, Margaret, (now Mrs. Hovey, of Maine); Jarvis A. (the subject of our sketch), and George F. AVill- iam Grant's father was also named William, and was a native of Ireland. He cam-e to America early in the eighteenth century, settled in the United States, and was a soldier in the Bevolutionary War. Hannah (White) Grant, the mother of the subject of our sketch, was the daughter of William White, a native of Connecticut. In early life he set- tled in the State of Maine, where he lived until his death. Jarvis A. Grant, of whom this sketch treats, remained with his ]iarents, receiving a good common school education in New Brunswick and in the State of Maine. When the gold excitement broke out and the stories came to his ears of the wonderful discoveries and large fortunes found in California, lu'. too, was taken with the fever, and, going by way of the Isthmus, went to the gold ticlds on the Pacific slope. This was in 1851, and so successful was he that he remained until 1853, at which time he returned to the State of Maine and engaged in hotel keeping. He was also interested largely in the lumber business, remaining in the Old Bay State for some fifteen j'ears. At this time he re- moved to New Brunswick, where he was born, and engaged in lumbering and farming, following these occupations for about ten years. He then concluded to remove to the far West and seek a new location \vhere he might "grow up with the country'." So in 1877 he came to Minnesota, locating in (May county, and engaging in th(^ same lines of business that he had pursued in his native province. He was engaged largely in the hunbering business, and his farming opera- tions were carried on on an immense scale in the township of Riverton, where he owned 1,500 acres of land and activelv cultivated 1,000 acres. He engaged largely, also, in raising stock, both horses and cattle, and employed nearly two hundred men. Con- tinuing the personal management of these large interests until 1884, he then removed to Detroit, Becker county, where he has since lived. He had. however, made this PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 777 city his headquarters for shipping supplies to his himber camp in Beltrami county since 1879. Ml'. Grant was married in 1854 to Miss Elizabeth Pennington, of Holton, Maine. She was a daugliter of James and Mary A. (Gallop) Pennington, her father being one of the wealth}^ and prominent farmers of that country. Mr. and Mrs. Grant have a family of five children — J. Byron, Alva A., Ratch- ford, Ella and Hudson. Mr. Grant is a director of the First National Bank of Detroit, of which he was one of the oro-anizers. He has the onlv furniture fac- tory in the town and the only one on the Northern Pacific Eaih'oad west of St. Paul. He owns considerable village property, and resides in an elegant tiveihousand-doUar residence located on Minnesota avenue. Wherever he has lived he has taken an ear- nest and active interest in all public matters, and besides holding many minor offices was justice of the peace while in Maine and also while in Clay county, Minnesota. In politics Mr. Grant affiliates with the republican party. He is a man of sound principles, and when necessary can defend his princi- ples by strong and persuasive ai'gument. Looking at his career from a business stand- point, it can well be said that he has reached the height of merited success. In all respects Mr. Grant is a man who will command the confidence and esteem of all those with whom he comes in contact, by virtue of his excel- lent business qualities and integrity of char- acter. PETER HERBRANDSON, the present deputy postmaster in the village of Caledonia, Traill county, A'orth Dakota, is a native of Norway. He was born near Drammen, on the 0th of August, 1847, and is the son of llerbran and Bergret (Narvesen) Peterson, also natives of that kingdom. Mr. Herbrandson, of whom this article treats, remained at home attending school until he was about fifteen years old. At that age he learned the baker's trade, which he followed for about three years. In 18t!4 he emigrated to the United States, and after landing, located in Clayton count}'^, Iowa, where he worked for farmers for about four years. At the expiration of that time he boughta team and threshing machine, rented a farm and worked at farming and threshing. About that time he l)ought a piece of timber land, and in the winters put in choppers and got out wood and [>osts. He was thus employed until 1874, when he moved to Otter Tail county, Minnesota, with the intention of taking land, but as the country did not suit him and it was just at the time when the grasshoppers were a great pest in that region, he did not settle. In his travels he went up into the Red River Yalley, but soon returned to Otter Tail county, where he had left his family. The}'^ removed to the unsettled portion of tliat county, where he put u]) hay and built a house and stable. While there he was troubled with the Indians, who camped near there every winter. They would l)eg or steal, and although there never was an outbreak, they were a constant worry to the settlers, who did not know what moment there would be an uprising. In the spring of 1875 he removed to Caledonia, Traill county. North Dakota, where he took a preemption claim, which he afterward proved upon as a homestead. He engaged in shijiping and buying cattle, which he followed for two years. He proved up on his claim in August, 1878, and after living upon it fornine months removed to the village, where he has since lived. In January, 1882, he was appointed postmaster of the village, which position he filled until April, 1886, when he was a[)pointed deputy postmaster. In the fall of 1878 he was elected county commissioner, and since that 778 A'/-./) /■/ ; i-.R I -.I //./■: y aa'd time has held that office. He was form- erly interested in the real estate business,and now owns somethinjjover one-half section in Dakota and 200 acres in Minnesota. He owns a fine dwelling house, and is aniongthe prominent business men of Caledonia. Mr. Horbrandson was married in Clayton county, Iowa, in June, 1873, to Miss Carrie Nelson, and they have been blessed with the following-named children — Emma, Anna, Nina and Harry. Our subject and his fam- ily belong to the Norwegian Lutheran church. He is a substantial and careful bus- iness man, and since his residence in Cale- donia lias been prominently identified with the local pi'osperity of the place. Pie is a man of excellent business qualifications, and his uniform straightforward and honorable course in all business transactions has caused him to be rated as one of the most honorable men in the countv. ^^^ /^^•^USTAF A. HOKENSON, the proprietor v^ of the liattle Lake House, at Battle Lake, Otter Tail countv, l\Iinnesota, will form the subject of our present sketch. He was i)orii September 21, 1S47, and is the son of llokcn and Johannah (Anderson) Hoken- son, both of whom were natives of Sweden. They were well-to-do farmers in that coun- try, and lived there until their death. The subject of this sketch remained with his parents in the old country until 1808, when he came to the United States, landing in New York City and going to St. Paul, Minnesota. He obtained work on the Mani- toba Raili-oad during the summer, and that fall returned to St. Paul, remaining there for about one ^^ear tending bar. He next removed to Conner, Minnesota, where he engaged in teaming for two years. Then some six months were spent in tending bar in St. Paul, after which time he went to Otter Tail City, Minnesota, where he engaged in the saloon business. From there he went to Monitor Falls, where he built a dam and commenced the erection of a large mill. After he had got the work on the mill under good headway, a freshet swept the dam away and destroyed all that had been ilone on the mill, and by this disas- trous stroke he lost all he had. Remaining there about one year he then removed to Balmoral, where he starteil a liotel and opened a saloon, and continued in these lines for two years. At the end of this time he turned his attention to agricultural i)ursuitsand rented a farm near the tov.n. Two years of farm life found him ready foi' Ijetter times. He pur- chased a farm and conducted that for two years, when, in 1882, he came to Battle Lake and built the hotel which he now runs, lie still retains his farm. Mr. Hokenson was married December 18, 187*1, to Miss Lucia Larson and they are the parents of two children — Augustine E. and Alma L. In politics Mr. Hokenson affiliates with the re])ublican pai-ty. He is a capable busi- ness man, with that ]ierseveranceanil enei-gy that knows no such tiling as fail in what he undertakes. Although beaten back by ill- fortune several times in his life, and at those times having lost nearly everything he had, he has pursued a steady coui*se and lias regained all and more than he lost in those disastrous days. He runs a first class hotel and he has an excellent class of trade. -«"f^^-*- ^^EORGE W. BARRY. The subject of ^^A this biographical sketch is one of the leading and representative business men of the village of Grey Eagle, Todd county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in a success- ful drug business. He is a native of New Yoi'k, born in Jefferson county, on the 14th ^AkK kEGIONS Of MINNESOTA. 779 of June, 1851, and is the son of James and Sarah (Woodman) Barry, both of whom are natives of New York. They are now pros- pei'ous farmers of Wisconsin, where they settled in 1S04. They are the parents of the following-named children — Albert, James, Cynthia, Sarah, George, William, Samuel, Mary and Robert. George W. Barry received his education in Canada, where he had removed with his par- ents at the age of tiiree years. There they remained eleven years, then removed to Rich- land county, Wisconsin, and he remained at iionic, assisting his father operate the home fai'ni until he was twenty-one years old. At that age he engaged in farming on his own account, and remained in that locality, engaged in general farmingand stock-raising, for eighteen years. He tiien went to Todd count}', Minnesota, and located in tlie village of Grey Eagle, where he has since remained. Mr. Barry was united in marriage to Miss Maggie M. Karnes, a native of Wisconsin, and the daughter of Adam Karnes. In this union our subject and wife have been blessed with the following-named children — Lillian, Burton, Allen, Clark, Jennie, Willie and Nellie. Our subject is a I'epublican in his political affiliations, and is activel}' interested in the campaigns of that ])arty. He is well and favoral)ly known thi'ougliout the county, and is a man of the strictest integrity and honor. --*-J^^-*' J^tON. J. H. VAN DYKE, the present JlrSL incumbent of the office of city justice of Alexandria, Minnesota, is a native of Albany county, New York. He was born April, 20, IS.jCi, and is the son of Aaron and Polly (Hughs) Van Dyke, also natives of New York. Mr. Van Dyke received his education in Pennsylvania, and in the summers assisted his father operate the home farm. In 1857 he located in St. Cloud, IVfinnesota, and engaged in farming for a number of years. He then settled in Alexandria, Minnesota, where has since remained, prominently iden- tilied with the local history and prosperity of that locality. In 1883 he was elected to the State legislature, and has been closely connected with the political history of the north central part of Minnesota. He is a stanch republican in his political aiHliations, and is actively interested in the campaigns of that party. /^^EORGE FRITZ, of the firm of Fritz & \^^ Falley, publishers and proprietors of the DalvUi Glohe, of Wahpeton, Dakota, is one of the leading editors and newspaper men in the Red River Valley. He is a native of Dane county, Wisconsin, born in Bell- ville April 30, 1855, and is the son of John Fritz, a native of Germany, and who emi- grated to the United States and located in Wisconsin. Our subject was raised on the home farm, with the usual educational advantages of the common schools, until he was eighteen years of age. He then entered a j)rinting office in Cresco, Iowa, and after remaining a short time went on the Mississippi riveix where he remained one season. He then went to Lan- caster, Wisconsin, where he com])leted his trade in two years. After learning iiis trade he went to Aurora, Nebraska, and bought 'a half interest in the Telegraph, remaining there until 1879. In Marcli of that year he removed to Keokuk, luwa, and took a course in the mercantile college, when he again returned to Lancaster, Wisconsin, and after working at his trade one year went to Du- buque, Iowa. He then visited the Southern States, and on his return settled in Postville, Iowa, and after remaining one year again went to Wisconsin. After one year's sojourn in Wisconsin he went to Wahpeton, and after 78o KED KIVER VALLEY AND working on the Timcfi one year went into business with P>ed Falley, with whom lie has since remained. In the spring of 1883 he went to INfilnor, Dakota Territory, wliere he remained tiiree years, hohling a half interest in the Sargent County Teller. He tlien sold out and returned to "Walipeton, wiiere lie iuis since remained. He ownscon- siderable property in Sargent and Marshall counties, comprising 480 acres of fine farm- ing land. Mr. Fritz was married in 1883 to Miss Lucy Clubb, the daughter of John Ciubb, of Lancaster, Wisconsin. Our subject is a stanch adherent to the principles of the republican party, and is a member of the Odd- Fellows fraternity. ^ORGER P. HOV, sassistant editor of A/holds Basunen, of Hillsboro, Da- kota, is a son of Frants E. Hovsveen and Mari Torgersdatter, natives of Norwa\', and was born in Oier, Gulbrandsdalen, Norway, December 11, 1861. Up to the age of sixteen he worked on the farm of his pai'ents and attended a common school ; he was then employed in a judge's office for nearly six years, during which time he became well informed as to the prac- tice of law. Besides his office work he studied English, German, mathematics and otlier Ijranclies belonging to a higher educa- tii^n ; got his "Middle-school" graduation, and for some time continued his study at higher schools in Oliristiania. Sickness obliged him to give up his studies, and lie went home. He stayed there six months, then clerked about two 3'ears in a general store, after which he returned home, and on June 0, 1887, he arrived at Hillsboro, Dakota. He worked a short time at the carpenter's trade, and stopped with friends until he was em])loyed by Goodman »fc Shields in their loan and insurance office. After three months with them he accepted the position of assistant editor, which he now holds. Mr. Hov is a member of the Scandinavian Baptist church at Fargo, Dakota. He believes prohibition the one thing needful to this countr\', and is one of the stanch and faithful members of the prohibition party. He is an intelligent, well educated gentle- man, posted on the different public ques- tions, and is an able writer. ..^^ /p^ L. THORPE, one of Ada's most ^^A active and enterprising liusiness men, engaged in the mercantile i)Usinoss, is a native of New Jersey. He was born in Bergen county. New Jersey, in 1812, and in 1855 located in Delphi, Iowa. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Company I, Second Iowa Cavalry, and participated in a great many engagements in the late war. After receiv- ing his discharge in October, 1S(>4, helocated in Earlville, Iowa, and until 18*17 was engaged in business there. He then went to Manchester, Iowa, where he has since held business interests. In 1882 he settled in Ada, where he has since remained. actively engaged in business. He also owns interests in various elevators along different lines of railroads, and has small branch stores established in various towns in the Red River Valley. He is a prominent citi- zen and well known in the northern part of the State, and is highly esteemed b\' all who know him. \'1L) B. TODD, a prominent and suc- cessful agriculturist of Wilkin county, Minnesota, is engaged in general farming and stock-raising on section 2-t, Breckenridge township. He is a native of Indiana, born PARK' RECIUXS OF A/fA'/VESOTA 781 in Jennings county on tlie 17th of Novem- ber, 1835, iiiid is a son of Levi W. and Deniia (Butler) Todd, natives of Ohio. The father settled in Jennings county, Indiana, after his marriage, and served as county treasurer, also paying some attention to real estate matters. Later in life lie was a ph\'- sician, and died in 1887. The mother died in 187n. They were devoted members of the Cliristian church. They were blessed with the following-named children — John, Jane, Eliza, Ovid, Irby, Jerome, William, Levi and Alice. Mr. Todd, of whom this article treats, receivetl his education in Vernon, Jennings county, Wisconsin, and at the age of sixteen years entered an aj)]n-enticeshi]) to the tin- ner's trade. After serving three years he followed the trade one year and then secured a position as clerk in a dry goods store for his brother-in-law, at Franklin, Johnson county, Indiana. In 1858 he returned to his farm, and in the spring of 1859 removed to Meeker county, Minnesota, where he remained one summer. He then returned to Indiana, and after remaining a short time again located in Meeker county. He fol- lowed farming until 18G1, when he went to Forest City, and September 2, 1861, was sent out with a company of forty men to rescue some families on tlie frontier. Our sul)ject's party were surprised by the Indians and driven back to Foi-est City. Our subject was wounded and his father, on learning of his trouble, took him by boat from Clear- water to IMinneapolis, as he was not able to stand the jar of a journey overland. In 1878 our subject located in Brecken- ridge, Minnesota, where he opened a hard- ware store, which business he carried on until he was burned out in 1884. He then removed to his farm, which he had purchased previous to tliis, and where he has since remained. He was town treasurer from 1879 to 1887, and has been |>r()minently identified with all local matters, since his residence in the county. Mr. Todd was united in marriage in Sep- tember, 1870, to Miss Emma Kelly, a native of New York State. She was born in Ontario county on the 7th of Decembei', 185-t, and located in Forest City with her parents in 1867. She is a daughter of Will- iam and Eachael (Haubert) Kelly, also natives of New York. The}' were the par- ents of the following-named children — Nil- son, Emma, Elva, Ella, Eugene, Allen, Min- nie, Jennie and Dolly. Mr. and,Mrs. Totid are the parents of three children — Ovid, Walter and Erma. Our subject is a repub- lican in his political affiliations and is a mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity. — «" kENNIS HANNA is one of the leading citizens of the town of Stephen, Mar- shall county, Minnesota, and is engaged extensively in the general merchandise busi- ness. He has built up a large trade and car- ries a large stock of goods. Mr. Hanna was born May 2, 1847, in New Berlin, Waukesha county, Wisconsin, his jiarents being Dennis and Elizabeth J.(Dugdale) Hanna. The father was a native of Ireland, and the mother of the Isle of Man. The subject of our sketch remained on the home farm, working at farm work and attendingdistrict school until he was twenty- two years of age. He then went to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he worked on a railroad for seven weeks, this being his first experience in shoveling dirt. From St. Paul he went to the vicinity of Hastings, where he turned his attention to farm work during harvest, and then went to Mankato. Blue Eartli county, Minnesota, to attend the normal school at that place. He was determined to obtain an education, and, through the kind- ness of Professor Gage, found a place where 782 KED klVER VALLE Y AND he worked to pay for a part of his board, and, between terms, also worked in tlio liai'vest field to obtain money to carry hiin tlirough his course. lie finally accomplislied his cherished ends and completed his course of training at the normal school, after which, for eight 3'ears, he taugiit school in the vicinity of New Ulm and Man- kato. In 187!> he removed to Marshall count}', Minnesota, settling in the village of Stephen with about $■100 in his pocket. As soon as he arrived he commenced his busi- ness operations and put up a store building and opened the pioneer store. In selecting this location Mr. Ilaiina was fortunate as to a place for business, but, unfortunately, be chose the wrong side of the river for the depot, so in the coui'se of two yeai'S, after the depot had been located on the other side, he built the store he now occupies. By careful attention to business Ilr. Hanna has built up a lai'ge and profitable trade. His §400 continually grew and became several thousands in goods and proj)erty. In the fall of 1876 Mr. Hanna was married to Miss Mary Agnes Lynch, of Marikato, Minnesota, the amiable and Christian daugh- ter of Edward and Mary Lynch. Mrs. Hanna died in the summer of 1878, leaving one child — Julia Agnes. After two years of lonesome wandering, in June, 1880, Mr. Hanna was married to the estimable and accomplished Miss Annie T. Russell, at Man- kato, Minnesota, daughter of Francis and Nancy (Bohan) Russell, natives of Ireland. 1*3' this union there are five children — I'^ran- cis D., Edmund C, Jaines T., I'atrick Leon- ard and Eleanor Mary. Mr. Hanna is a man of extensive travel, and is possessed of a mind of broad ideas and well stored with practical truth. His |)rinciples are of the ))urest kind, and his character has been fashioned on these decided lines. He is a warm frientl and supporter of temperance and is a devoted follower of the teachings of Father Ire- land, tlie great apostle of the temperance movement in Minnesota. Mr. Hanna has observed the success and failure of the men with whom he has come in con- tact, and the ideas he has gathered there- from, together with his own practical ex- perience, lead him to think that success and prosperity are largely the results of the belief and practice of temperance principles. Seeing things in this light he has come to be an ardent supporter in every movement that tends toward sobriety and total abstinence, but he is not a i)rohibitionist. In politics he believes in the princijtles of the democratic party, and with Webster believes tiiat we should have '• freer tr-ade."' In various wa\'s Mr. Hanna has been honored by his fellow-townsmen, having held the offices of postmaster, su|)ervisor, town- ship treasurer, and has been clerk of the school board ever since he came to the vd- lage. Ml'. Hanna is a consistent and promi- nent member of the Catholic church, and is an honorary member of Bishop Ireland's Crusaders. He has had experience, also, in the editorial chair, being editor of the Mar- shall County Leader for one and a half yeai's, being also one of the owners of the same. Mr. Hanna came to Marshall county among its earliest settlers, and he has had excellent opportunity to watch the ups and downs of his fellows. The most of them were poor when they made their settlement, but the}' have been fairly successful, and are most of them better off, as far as this world's goods ai'e concerned, than when they came. Some have done jioorly because of a too avaricious nature anil because of trjnng to do more than was possible for them to do. On the whole, viewing the success of most of his neighbors, and having himself made l)roHtable use of his time and advantages, he firmly believes that the West is the place for park: regions of Minnesota. 7^3 the industfions poor man, principally because it offers the opportunity of a home of one's own. He believes the young men who drift from the legitimate society of women, neg- lecting the duty to build homes, almost neces- sarily become the loafers, tramps, drunkards, thieves, debauchers and murderers of sociei,y He believes that the chastity of the man should be held as sacred as that of woman. He beheves with Dr. Brownson that the constitution of the Catholic church and that of the United States are so identical that we must eventuate in a great catholic people, the freest in tiie worhl. He Ijelieves tliat the teachings of the Catholic church on mar- riage, which it has held in past ages even at the risk of losing whole nations from its fold, to be the only safeguard of the home and of society. He believes the education of the family to belong primarily to the parents, and that the State should not inter- fere, except when the duty is neglected by the parents. He believes in the temjjoral freedom of the Pope, for similar reasons to those whicli promjited our forefathers to pro- cure the District of Columbia for the seat of the general government of the United States. Mr. Hanna does not feel that what little success in life he has had is entirely due to his own wisdom or exertion, but ascribes it rather to the encouragment and faithful co-operation of the two truly Christian women who have been his wives. -♦► -«^1 >^tON. JUDSON LA MOURE, the sub- JL'^^ ject of tliis sketch, is one of Pem- bina's oldest settlers, and he has built up one of tlie best records for usefulness of any man in Nortli Dakota. He is a merchant and vice-president of the First National Bank of Pembina. Mr, La Moure's arrival in Pembina, North Dakota, dates back to October, 1870, and, with the establishment of a United States district court there, we find him the first deputy United States marshal and also an attache of the United States Survey Depart- ment there. He was among the, first to extensively engage in farming, and for three years he was deputy collector of customs, and later was returned for three years as member 'of the Territorial legislature from Pembina county. In 1878 he laid out apart of the town plat and has been activeh'^ interested in the prosperity of that place. About that time he estal)lislied a sreneral store, and as a member of the firm of La Moure, Webb, Traill it Company, he has assisted in building up the cit3''s leading man-, ufacturing institution. Such is in brief the outline of a career of local usefulness which finds no superior, if an equal, in North Dakota. A man of promi- nence and influence, he has the will and power to advance the prosperity and progress of any locality in whicii lie may reside. ^^EORGE BRUNELLE is tlie present ^& chief of police of Bed Lake Falls, Polk county, Minnesota. He was born in Upper Canada, February 2, 1855. He is the son of Joseph Casamire and Calice (Marshal- den) Brunelle, natives of Lower Canada. The subject of our sketch spent his early days on the home farm, and was given the advantao-es for receiving an education such as is furnished by the district schools. At eighteen years of age he took charge of the farm and continued its management until 1S78, when he came to Bed Lake Fails. He purchased a farm and followed the busi- ness of an agi'icultnrist for five years. He tlien S(jld his kind and moved into the city, built a large barn and engaged in the livery 784 RED jaVEIi VALLEY A K'r business for tliree years. He then sold out and opened a meat market, which he con- ducted for ten months, then sold and kept a saloon for nine montlis. In the spring of 1888 he was elected city marshal and ciiief of police, which position he still holds. Mr. Brunolle was married to i^Iiss Eugenie Marshal, daughter of Louie and ]\Iargaret (St. Arnault) Marshal. The fruits of this union arc five childi'en — liebecca, Casamire, Alljert, Clements and Paul. Mr. and Mrs. Erunelle are members of the Catholic church. He is a man of strong convictions, fearless and progressive in his opinions, and as an officer of the law he has proven himself efficient and capable, and has given entire satisfaction to his constituents. JW.ON. MOSES E. CLAPP, attorney-gen- JL-^tlL eral of Minnesota, has been promi- nently identified witii the interests of Fergus Falls, Otter Tail count}', Minnesota, since 1881. IJe is a native of Indiana, born in Deli)]ii, Indiana, May 21, 18.57. and is the son of Henry and .lane (Vandercoot) Clapp, natives of Oiiio and Vermont. They are now residents of Wisconsin. Mr. Clapp sjjent his younger days in school attendance in Wisconsin, where he had re- moved with his parents in 18G3. After com- pleting his education lie studied law at Hud- son, Wisconsin, graduating from a law school in 1873. He then removed to New Richmond, where he engaged in his profession for one 3'ear, and at the expiration of that time removed to Hudson, Wisconsin, and until 1881 was engaged in law practice at that place. Wliile tliere was elected county attorney in 1878, and was one of tlie leading lawyers in tiiat locality. In ISSl he removed to Minnesota, locating in Fergus Falls, where he has since resided. During the years 1883, 1884 and 1885 he held the office of citv attorney, and in 1886 was elected attorney- general of Minnesota, which position he has since held. Mr. Clapp was married in 1S7."j to Miss Hattie Allen, a native of Indiana, and they have been bles,sed with two children — Cath- arine and Harry. Mr. Cla]ip is one of the leading citizens of the Noi-thwest, and his name is indissolubly associated with the prosperity and progress of Fergus Falls. .■i^ «». _^ RANK WEIGEL, one of the proprietors 1^ of the Wadena Eoller Flouring Mills, has been identified with the business inter- ests of Wadena, Wadena county, Minnesota, since March, 1884, when, in company with his brother, he purchased his present plant. On becoming owners of this property they at once commenced improving it, and expended some $3,000 in putting in the new i-ollers\'s- tem and other modern improvements, bring- ing the capacit}' of the mill up to 110 barrels per day. This firm has a large and increas- ing business and manufactures several fine grades of flour, among them being the "Home Comfort" and the "Pride of Wadena," tiie latter being the finest quality of patent make. The firm has a fift^'-six horse-power engine and employs five men. Mr. Weigel is a native of German}', where he was born in 1831. When he was about.eight months old his parents came to this country and settled fii'st in New York, where they lived some years. They then removed to Ohio and made that State their home for five or six years, when the}' started by team to drive to Chicago, Illinois. This was in 1844, before the days of railroads, and in this way they removed all their effects to Chicago, being five or six weeks on the journey. Chicago at that time was a town of about one thousand inhabitants, and projihesied but little of the grand future PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 785 that was before it. The father still lives in tliat city, his residence being on the corner of State and Folk sti'eets. Mr. Weigel was quite a lad when his parents moved to Chicago, and as soon as he reached the age of eighteen . he em- harked in life for himself. He engaged at carpenter work, building up a large pat- ronage in contracting, and continuing suc- cessfidly at that business until 1855. He then went to St. Paul, Minnesota, then a cit\' of 4,000 people, and started a planing mill and sash and door factory. This business he kept up for five years, and then went up the Minnesota river to Louisville, Scott county, where he bought antl ran a tlour mill for one 3'ear. He then went to Dayton, Wright county, where he l^uilt a mill and continued in business in the original Iniilding until 1876. He then built a new merchant mill and carried that on until 1880, when, on account of ill-health, he sold out and engaged in farming. In 1881 he removed to Anoka, where he purchased a larg(! mill and refitted it by putting in the patent roller S3'stem. He continued in Anoka for about two years, when by wheat s|)eculation he lost $10,000, about all he had. He then sold his property in Anoka, and in 1884 came to Wadena. In 1854, in Chicago, Illinois, Mr. AVeigel was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Greibler. They have no children. While in Wright county, this State, Mr. Weigel was one of the most active men in public matters, and was one of the county commissioners for some years. He held that office when the court house was built in tliat county, and was one of the parties who selected and staked out the ground on which tile structure was built. He is an active member of the Catholic church and, since coming to Wadena, has taken a deep inter- est in the welfare and progress of that society. Through his instrumentality this society has been enabled to build the finest church edifice in the city. Mr. Weigel has been very successful in the management of his milling interests, and has built up a large and profitable business. He is a man of high character and, by fair dealing and honest practices, has won the confidence and respect of all who have had business relations with him. ^^f ILLIAM G. DEACON, editor and \miL ])roprietor of the JVtno Era., St. Vincent, Kittson county, Minnesota, is one of the leading editors of the northern part of the State. He is a native of England, and, after coming to the United States, located in St. Vincent, Minnesota, where he was engaged in various occupations for about six years. He then purchased the paper which he now runs, and, by untiring energy, has placed it among the liest local journals in the count_v. He has held the office of justice of the peace, village trustee, county commissioner, and is the present efficient ]iostmaster of the village. He is activelj' interested in all home enterprises, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. -«-: v-^^ BARRETT, an old settler of Polk county, Minnesota, is engaged in fanning near the city of Crookston. He is a native of Canada, and emigrated to the United States, settling near St. Paul, Minnesota, when that city was composed of a few rude shanties. He located in Polk county and settled on his farm, which is now in the city limits of Crookston, where he has since lived, engaged in farming and stock-raising. His farm comprises forty acres of fine farming land. He is an exemplary citizen, and is actively interested in all local matters. yS6 RED KIVER VALLEY AND Joseph p. CLARK. The subject of tins biography is a resident of the village of (•aledonia, Traill county. North Dakota, where he is engaged in the hardware busi- ness. He is a native of Vermont, born in Peacham, on the Sr.th day of May, 1850, and is the son of J. A. and Sarah L. (Prime) Clark, natives of Vermont and New Hampshire, res[)ectively. Mr. CLark, of whom this article treats, remained at home, attending school and working on the farm summers, until he was twenty-two yeai'S old. During three or four years of this time he had worked for neigh- boring farmers, but had spent a great deal of time at home, receiving his education. At the age of twenty-two he went to Con- cord, New Hampshire, where he learned the stone-mason's trade, at which he worked four years and a half, in Concord, New Hampshire, and St. Johnsbury, Vermont. In October, 1877, he removed to North Dakota and located in Caledonia, Traill county, where he engaged in the farm machiner\' business. He followed that business until the fall of 1881, when he engaged in the hardware business, in which he has since been engaged. He has a line building and carries a full line of heavy and shelf hardware. In addition to his store he owns 480 acres of good farming land, and has a comfortable residence in the village. Since his settlement in the village he has been actively interested in all local matters, and has held the offices of town treasurer for three j'ears, and town supervisor for three years. Mr. Clark was married in Caledonia, on the 6th of September, 1881, to Miss Edie Houghton, the daughter of L. E. and Louise (White) Houghton, natives of New York. Mr. and Mrs. Clark in this union have been blessed with one child — Emma June, Mi\ Clark is a man of sterling business qualifica- tions, and any local enterprise receives his hearty support and encouragement. Al- though not in the best of circumstances when he commenced in life for himself, by perseverance and strict attention to business he has placed himself on a good footing, financiallv. .^fy.^ ¥SRAEL LEMIEUX, M. D., is one of the •IL most popular and influential physicians in Polk count}', Minnesota. He I'esides in Red Lake Falls, where his office is hjcated. He was born in St. Urban, Chateauguay county, Province of Quebec, in 1S52. The subject of our sketch resided wilh his parents until he grew to manhood, l)eing given the very best advantages for receiving a thorough classical education. At the age of ten years he was sent to college, whore he took a complete course, after which he attended Bisho))'s Medical College, in Mon- treal, Canada, lie graduated from tlie med- ical institution in 1874, and for six years thereafter practiced his profession in Can- ada. He then went to lied Lake Falls, Minnesota, where he has been engaged in active pi'actice ever since. Dr. Lemieux was marrietl in Montreal, February 2, 1874, to Miss Ezilda Laforce, daughter of Solime and Eleanore (Rousse) Laforce, natives of Canada. This mari'iage has been blessed with the following chil- dren — Archibald, Willferd, Joseph, Fleur- dina, Rosalba, Alberta, Adelard, Albina, Ida, Arthur and Amelia. Archibald, Fleurdina, Rosalba, Alberta and Arthur are now dead. The doctor occupies a prominent position in social and religious circles in thecit}', and, besides being a ])hysician of wide I'epute, is an acknowledgetl authority on musical mat- ters, being the ])resent organist of the Cath- olic church, of which society he is a member. He is president of the St. John the Ijaptist PARK REGrONS OF MINNESOTA. 7S7 society, president of tiie village council, and is also county pli3'sician. The doctor has an extensive and profitalile practice, and has performed many difficult operations and brought about many remarkal)lo cures, for which he has gained an enviable reputation. "• V' '1 -^. JUSTUS K. HINMAN, a highly respected farmer of Todd county, is a resident of tlie village of Grey Eagle. He is a native of New York, born in Cattaraugus county, on the 19th of September, 1835, and is the son of Justus and Rebecca (Ellis) Hinman, natives of the Empire State. The father and mother of our subject were married in 1833 and the mother died in 184-1. The father removed to Jlinnesota in 1884. He has always fol- lowed tlie machinery business. The father and mothei" were the parents of three chil- dren — Ilarrietta, Justus and Ellis. Mr. Ilinman, of whom this article treat.s, remained at home, receiving the usual educa- tional advantages of the common schools until he was fifteen years old. When he had attained the age of seventeen }'ears lie went to Pennsylvania and worked in a mill for two years. In the. fall of 1854 he removed to Minnesota, locating in Hen- nepin county, and the succeeding summer worked in the Minneapolis mills, then engaging in farming near Lake Minnetonka. He then sold out and went to Eockford, Minnesota, and pre-em])ted land, where he remained engaged in farming for one year. At the exjiiration of that time he went to Missouri, and after remaining one year was employed as salesman for Washburn & McFarland, hard ware merchantsof Ottum wa, Iowa. After some time he I'emoved to Rochester, Minnesota, and during the sum- mer was engaged in hauling goods from that place to Lake City. In August, 1SG2, he enlisted in the Ninth Minnesota Infantry and served until August, 1865, when he w-as honorably discharged at Fort Snelling. He particijmted in the battles of Price's Cross Roads, Tupello and Spanish Fort, besides many skirmishes. After his discharge lie followed trapping for a few months and then worked in the mills at Minneapolis. From Minneapolis lie went to Mankato, Minnesota, and after remaining there for four years settled in Todd county, Minne- sota. He located in Grey Eagle township, on section 4, and after remaining for over three years returned to Blue Earth county. At the expiration of another four years he returned to Todd county and located in the village of Grey Eagle, where he engaged in the saw-mill business in partnership witli Jacob Callahan for six years. Mr. Ilinman was married July 4, 18C6, to Miss Cornelia Matterson, and tliis union has been blessed with three children, named as follows — Albert, Alfred and Cora. Mr. Hinman is a republican in his political affilia- tions, and has been prominently identified with the local prosperity of the village since his residence there. He is commander of Post No. 129, Grand Army of the Republic. l^RED FALLEY, the subject of this UP^ biographical review, is in partnership with George Fritz, under the firm name of Fritz & Falley, proprietors and publishers of the Dakota Glohe. Our subject is a native of Illinois, born in York, Clark county, Illinois, Jidy 1, 1S59, and is the son of lion. Richard and Fannie (Scranton) Falley. During life the father of Mr. Fal- ley was engaged in the mercantile business in Clark county, and died in 1S77. The father was a representative citizen foi- many years, and was a member of the Illinois State legislature. 788 RED RTVER VALLE Y AND Mr. Falley spent his younger daj's in school, and received a good academic educa- tion. At the age of eighteen years he com- menced to learn the printer's trade at Lancas- ter, Wisconsin, where he remained two ^-ears and at tiie expii-ation of that time removed to Breckenridge, Minnesota, and worked in tlie Free Pret^s office until 1883. He then est.ii)iished the Sargenf County Teller, with wiiich lie continued until 1887, when he sold (Hit, removed to Walipeton, Dakota Terri- tory, and purcliased tlie Dal-ota Globe, and went into partnership with Mr. Fritz. Tiie paper is tiie olHcial paper of the county, and strongly rei)iiblican in its poHtical pro- clivities. Mr. Faiiey was married in 188.5 to Miss Chira Mitchell, of Lancaster, Wisconsin, and the daughter of S. Mitciiell. This union has been blessed witli one child — Richard. Our sul)ject is a republican in his political belief and is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity. S^ELS E. ACKER, the popular proprietor .L^'^ of the billiard hall at Ilillsboro, Dakota, is a son of Eener A. and Anna L (Aaker) Tofty. He was born February 24, 1850, at Sundalen Noi'more, Norway, where he lived on a farm, going to school until he was fourteen years old, when he commenced for himself liy liecoming a sailor, which he followed until tlie spring of 1869, when he came to the United States. He first stopped in Lanesboro, Fillmore count v, Minnesota, where he worked on dams for the railroatl compaiu' until fall, when he commenced work for the Southern Minnesota Railroad Company, continuing until the spring of 1872. He then went to Glyndon, worked in a railroad yard until the fall of that year, when he went to Brainerd, where he cut cord wood all winter receiving no ]iav, however. He then went to Aitkin. Li the spring of 1873 our subject went to work on a steamboat called Dakota for the Hudson Bay Company, running between Fargo and Winnipeg, where he was emplo^'ed until the freeze-up in the fall of 1873, but still remained in their employ. He was sent to Georgetown, then to Grand Forks, where he worked in the lumber yard for them until the fall of 1875. In January, 1S7-*■- ^ LIVER IVl. HOLMES is the postmaster of Red Lake Falls, Polk county, Min- nesota, and also abh' edits and is tlie propri- etor of the Red Lake Falls Gazette. He was born in St. Paul, April 16, 1861. The parents of the subject of our sketch were J. B. and Caroline F. (Friend) Holmes, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Pennsylvania. They came to Minnesota among the earlj^ settlers, and underwent the trials and hardships usually met with by the pioneers of every new country. The father had a sutler's store at one of the trading posts, but after the Indian troubles were over among others the post where he was sta- tioned was abandoned, and he concluded to remove to Winnipeg. So, packing his goods, he removed with a military escort to what is now the important capital of Manitolja, then but a small trading post with but few houses and a mere handful of peo[)le. The subject of our sketch remained with his parents until he had secured a thorough education and had been prepared to grapple with tlie problem of life alone and single- handed. He was educated at St. John Col- lege, Winnijjeg, and his success as an editor and publisher has proven the value of the excellent training he received at that institu- tion. After leaving home in 1877 he went to Detroit. Minnesota, where he learned the printer's trade, wiiich he has followed ever since. In September, 18S3, he removed to Red Lake Falls and started the Gazette, meeting with merited success from the very start. On his subscription list he has now over a thousand names, and these are being added to everv week. 702 KED RIVER VALI.r.Y Al^D December 27, 1883, in Detroit, Minnesota, Mr. Holmes was married to Miss Virginia Jolinsoii, (latigiitor of Col. Georj^e 11. and Amanda (Jenkins) Johnson. Three children have blessed tiiis union — George B., Oliver M. and Mary A. Oliver M. died July 9, 18S7. -«« ^^^R. D. C. DARROW, who is engaged in the practice of medicine in Moorhead, Clay county, Minnesota, is a native of Win- noi)ago county, Wisconsin, horn in 1S50, and is the son of Daniel C. and Isabella (Murray) Darrow. The doctoi' j)assod his younger days at home on the fai-m, and until he was twenty-one received the usual common school educational advantages. He graduated from Hush "Medical College in 1884 and at once located in Moorhead, where he has since remained, engaged in clinical work. -«« «$-^ /p^nWARD J. SUTTON, a in-osperous v^^ and very successful farmer of Todd county, Minnesota, is a resident of section 33, Ward township, where he is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. lie is a native of Indiana, born in liandol])h county, on the 2-ltli of January, 1845, and is the son of Tlnmias and TMartha (Johnson) Sutton, natives of \'irginia and Ohio, resjiectively. The parents of our subject were married in Ivandol])h county, Indiana, where the}' remained foi'ty-seven yeai's. The father died in Todd county in 1885, at the age of seventy-two years. The mother is still liv- ing at the age of sixty-nine years. They were devoted members of the Christian church, and were blessed with a family of the following-named children — John A. (deceased), John A., Joseph, Caroline (deceased), Edward J., Jacob, Thomas, Noah, W'illiam, Mai-tha, Elizabeth and George. Mr. Sutton received his education in Ran- dolph county, Indiana, and Jacksonville, where he i-emained until seventeen years of age. At the age of twenty lie engaged in farming in Randolph county, and in 1871 removed to Todd county, Minnesota. I'pon locating there he took a homestead of HiO acres on section 28, Hartford township, which has since been named Ward. He remained there eight years, and then removed to section 33, where he has since been actively engaged in tilling the soil. He assisted in the organization of the townshij). and has always been jirominent in local mat- ters, holding the oJKce of chairman of the town board for many years. He has a fine farm of 305 acres, well under cultivation. In 1885 he bought the saw-mill at Rrowersville, in ]iartnership with Jacob Goodwin, and since that time the}' have cai'ried on that industry. Mr. Sutton was married in 1871 to Miss Sarah Smith, and this union has been blessed with the following-named children — Thomas, Francis, Minerva, Daniel, Rosclta, Henr\', Henrietta, Noah and Geijrge. In political matters oursubject isa " free-trader." Mrs. Sutton died in 1887, and was an exeni- plai'y lady, highly respected and beloved l)y all who knew her, and a devoted member of the Christian church. i^£^EORGE P. GARRED lublisher and pi'opriett)r of the Wahpeton Timen, Wahpeton, Dakota Territory, formerly the Ji'ed River I'ress, established 1870, is one of the pi'ominent and successful members of the newspaper fi-aternity in the Noi-thwest. He is a native of Lawrence county. Ken- tuck}', born December 22, 1852, and is the son of Anderson and Elizabeth (Dyer) Garred, also natives of Kentucky. They left their native State in 1802, removinfj to PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 793 Minnesota, and locating in Winona, where they remained a short time, and tlien went to Austin, Minnesota, where the father is now extensively interested in real estate transactions. Mr. Garred remained at home, attending the district schools, until he was ten \'ears old, when he removed to Minnesota, and completed his education in Winona and Austin, lie then entered the Rc(jidcr office in Austin, and remained three years, leai'ning the printer's trade. At the expiration of that time he went to Minneapolis, Minnesota, and after a two-years' sojourn there removed to St. Paul, and workeil one year on the Pioneer Press. At the expiration of one year lie removed to Winnipeg, Manitoba, and had charge of the Standard from A})ril, 1877, to April, 1880. He then removed to Waiipeton, Dakota Territory, and purchased his present paper, wiiich he has since operated with marked success. Mr. Garred was married January 2, 1882, to Miss Lena Trost, the daughter of John and Lena (Casperry) Trost. Our subject is a democrat in ])olitics, and for the past two years has been a member of the city council. He was one of the first aldermen of the city. Charles r. Andrews, of the iii'm of Andrews A: Co., is one of tiie lead- ing lousiness men of the village of Ada, Minnesota. lie is a native' of Ohio, born in Cleveland in Noveml>er, 1852, and at the age of two years removed with his parents to Oberlin. Ohio, where Charles attended the Obei'lin College, receiving a good academic education. In 1875 he removed to Glyndon, Minnesota, whore he spent a 3'ear for his health with his brother. He then went to Minneapolis, and, in jjartnershij) with Major Tenny, engaged in the safe and scale business, following that for three years. At the expiration of that time he returned to Gl3'ndon, and with his brother ojjened a lumberyard and also engaged in the machin- ery business. In 1882 they opened a Ijranch office in Ada, which was under the control of F. L. Ilampson for a year or more, when he was taken in as a partner of the firm. In 1883 a branch oHice was established at Ilal- stad, and in 1884 our subject's brother removed to Fargo, Dakota Territory, and our subject and Mr. Hampson took chai-geof the business at the different places. In 1880 they met with considerable loss b\' fire, and in the fall of that year bought out a general store in Ada, under the firm name of Andrews &, Hampson. Our subject then removed to Ada, where he has since had charge ; Mr. Ilampson looking after the business in Ilalstad and Glyndon. They are doino- a good business, and are the Icadinii- merchants of the place. Mr. Andrews was married in 1879 to Miss Mary Fai'iner, of Glyndon. They are devoted members of the Consrefrational church. Our subject evinces a deep and active interest in temperance and local mat- ters, and is a man of the utmost integrity and honoi", highly esteemed by all who know him. nS) p. BODINE is the able editoi- and -1&^ publisher of the N'ews, at Red Lake Fails, Polk county, Minnesota. Mr. Podine has attained merited success in the profession of joui'nalism, in which he has received a thorough practical training. An orphan, and l)eing thrown upon the mercies of the world at an early age, he had to battle his way alone and single-handed. For 3'ears friends were few and far between, and what- ever of success has been attained by the sub- ject of our sketch has come to him by virtue of ills " gi'it " and eneriiv. lie is of French 794 RED RIVER VALLE Y AND descent, his parents being Paul and Bridget Bodine, natives of France. Mr. Bodine was born in Waupaca county, "Wisconsin, June 24, 1854. Wlien he was quite a small child his ])arcnts l)oth died and left liini to be cared for by strangers until he was fifteen years of ajre. He was then ]>iat'('(l in school and continued his studies until lie was eighteen years of age, when he went to Stillwater, Minnesota, and learned the printing trade in the Me.%^eiiger office. Concluding that he must be better educated in order to be prepared for the duties he liad maj)ped out for himself, he determined to enter the State University of JMinnesota, and if necessary do any kind of labor to furnish the means to pursue a course of study. He succeeded well in his plans, working at different kinds of labor until he completed his course at the university. Leaving that institution he went to ]\rorris, Stevens county, and shortly after arriving in that city purchased an interest in the Morris Trihune. The year 1885 found him on his way to Red Lake Falls, and arriving in that place he at once started the News, which he still successfully runs. Mr. Bodine v/as united in marriage Feb- ruary 14, 1878, in Minneapolis, to Emily Dies. Two children have blessed this union — Elnora and Kay. The subject of our sketch is a meml)er of tiie L O. O. F. fraternity, with which he became associated in Stillwater, Minnesota. He has a well-fitted newspaper office, and is l)repared to fill all orders for advertising or job work in neat, tasty styles. His machin- ery is all run by horse-]iower, and all work can be done expeditiously. /^EORGE EDWARD WESTON, the pop- V^^ ular and esteemed proprietor of the Merchants' Hotel in Hillsboro, North Dakota, has been identified with the hotel interests of that place since 1886, when he located there and rented the Plummer House, and, after operating it for one year, purchased the build- ing, remodeled it, built an addition, and opened the Merchants', which he has since run. He has a first-class house, and is highly esteemed by the traveling public. He is a native of England, born in London on the 20lh day of Xovember, 1832, and is the son of Thomas and Eliza (Gray) Weston, also natives of England. Mr. Weston commenced in life foi' himself, when he was ten years old, by clerking in a grocery store in London for two or three j'ears. He then emigrated to the United States, and after landing in New York City> where he remained a few days, hired out to a merchant in Albany, Xew Yoi'k, with whom he remained three years. At the expiration of that time he went to the city of Buffalo, New York, and remained during the summer, engaged in a wareiiouse as copying clerk. He next removed to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and secured work in a hotel for a few months, then moved to Chicago, Illinois. Aftei- remaining there for a few days he went to Kentucky, settling in Paducah, where he served as overseer on a plantation until 1856, when he went to Minneapolis, Minnesota, and took a homestead near Lake Calhoun, and which he mortgaged. After losing his farm he secured work with a lumber com- pany in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and after working three years went to Sioux City, Iowa, where he had headquarters until the winter of 1866. Dui'ing that time he made several trips to Fort Pierre and F'ort Al)erci'oml)ie, where he remained until the spring of 1806. He then went to Devil's Lake in charge of supplies for a company who were cutting up hay. Our subject li;ul tliii'ty-six wagons of provis- i(ms, and did an extensive trading with the Indians. In the fall of that year he went to 1 Fort'Ransom, ami clerked in a sutler's store PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 795 during the winter, and in March returned to Fort Abercronibie, wlierche built a boat and, after putting in a stock of ]irovisions, ran (h)\\'n tiie lied riA'er to the nioutli of Goose rivei', u here he took a chiim and remained until tlie fall of 1SS(>. He was 'the first set- tler in tiie county, and his nearest neighbors were at a distance of thirty-five miles. Twenty-five miles to the south there was an Indian mission, but the country did not begin to settle up until 1875. "When the county was organized he was the first county clerk and register of deeds, which position he held for five years. During the first summer of his settlement he "ot out log's, and was then emplo^'ed hy the Hudson Ba}' Company to take charge of a store in Georgetown, where he remained from June until the next October. In July, 1S73, he joined a survey- ing party going to Yellowstone Park. This part\' had an escort of 800 soldiers and a bat- tery, and had a number of sharp engagements with the Indians in Sitting Bull's country, through which they p;issed. At one time our subject went up the Missouri and pur- chased 800 buffalo hides, and on his return they were attacked by tiie Indians. They were closely ]uirsued, but were rescued by a party of cavalry. In ISSG he removed to Hillsboro, as before stated, and since that time has been connected with the hotel interests of that place. Mr. Weston was married in 1858 to Miss Hannah llawkes, the daughter of James and Mary Hawkes. James llawkes was a vet- eran of the noted First Minnesota Infantry. Tiiis union has been blessed with three children— Frederick, Edward and AVilliam. Mrs. Weston passed away in Minneapolis in September, 1804:. On the 3d day of January, 1883, our subject was married, the second time, to Miss Elizabeth McDonald, the daugliterof Peter and Catharine (McMullen) McDonald, natives of Scotland. Mr. and Mrs. Weston have been blessed with the following-named children — Walter, Oscar, Thomas and Elizabeth, who died in the summer of 1888. Frederick, who now lives in California, married Rhoda Smith. Mr. Weston takes an active interest in all local matters. He is an exemplary citizen, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. -«- REDERICK JAMES TRIPP, the subject of this biographical memoir, is a resi- dent of the town of Warren, Marshall county, Minnesota, where he is engaged in the livery business. He is a native of Canada, born in Prescott, Ontario, Canada, on the 13th of August, 1849, and is the son of Frederick and INFargaret (McGrall) Tripp, natives of England and Ireland, respectively. When our subject was quite young his father died, and he remained with his motlier on the old homestead until October, 1860, when they removed to the United States and located in Hastings, Minnesota. From there they removed to Dundas, in Eice county, Minnesota, where they remained about twenty years. Mr. Tripp, the subject of this article, secured work in the Dundas Flour Mills when he was fifteen years old. After serv- ing five years as an apprentice he worked six months as a journeyman. At the expiration of that time he learned the coopers trade, and after working for five years at the trade went into the livery busi- ness. After four years he sold out and one year later, in 1881, removed to Marsliall county, Minnesota, where he homeslended 160 acres and took a tree claim of a like number of acres, lie proved up on the homestead and remained five years, engaged in successful farming and stock-raising During this time he had resided in the vil- lage of Warren in the winters, and in 1886 settled there i)ermanently, and in the fall 796 RED RIVER VALLEY AND of 1887 opened a livery stable in partnership with J. W. Harris. They remained together until March, 1888, when Mr. Tripp bought out his partner's interest, and also bought the business of Mr. Bolton, who was also engaged in the livery business in the vil- lage. Since Mai'ch, 1888, our subject has been lunning one (jf the best livery stables in tiie county keeping twelve excellent roadsters. Ml'. Ti'ipp was uiarrictl in Dundas, Decem- ber 26, 1870, to Miss Almeda Empey, and this union has been blessed with the follow- ing-named ciiildren — Robert, Nellie and PhilJij). Our subject and his family belong to the Ejiiscopal church. He is one of the solid and prominent business men of the I)lace, and any laudabla home enterprise re- ceives his hearty support. He is the village constable, and has held other offices in the township, town clerk, etc. He is a man of the strictest integrity. -«- J^LON. LARS. K. AAKER, ceiverof the JKL United States land office at Crookston, Minnesota, is a native of Norway ,born Sep- tember 10, lS2o, and remained in his native land until he was twenty years old. In 1845 he emigrated to the United States and lo- cated in Dane county, Wisconsin, and for the succeeding few years worked for his father. In 1850 he engaged in farming and for seven years was a prominent and repre- sentative citizen of Dane county, Wisconsin. In 1857 he removed to Goodhue county, Minnesota, where he jire-empted a farm in Holden township, and in 1859 was elected to the State legislature, and was re-elected in 1861. Before tiie legislature convened, howevei', he enlisted in defense of his country in Comjiaii}' I), Tiiird Minnesota In- fantry, serving until thespnngof 1802, when, on account of disaljilitv, he resigned. He then returned to his claim and met with the extra session of the legislature. In 1867 he was again elected to the legislature, and re-elected in 1869. In the spring of 1860 he was apiiointed receiver of the land office at Alexandria, in which office he remained until 1875, when he was suspended for jiolitical reasons b^' W. S. King. In 1874, in part- nership with M. L. Johnson, he established a general store in Alexandria, and soon aftei' purchaseil Mr. Johnson's interest, anil in 1879 took in another partner. Our subject still retains his business interests in that place. In 1880 he was elected to the State senate from the Thirty-ninth Senatorial Dis- trict, and served a term of four years. In August, 1884, he was appointed receiver of the land office in Crookston, which })osition , he still holds. Mr. Aaker has always been an active and prominent adherent to the republican party, and in 1856 was a delegate to the first republican convention held in Wisconsin. lie is one of the first and lead- ing citizens in the Noithwest, aiul his name is indissolubly connected witii the political and official historv of the State. IP^ARTHELMY SIVIGNY is a carpenter _lMy and a leading citizen of Eed Lake Falls, Polk county, Minnesota. He was born in Quebec, July 28, 1859, and is a son of Oliva Sivigny, also a native of Quebec. Bartheliny's mother died when he was quiie a small child, and he lived with his grand- father until he was nine years old. He then came to Minnesota with Francis Bedard, who settled near Benson, Swift county, on a large farm. Here he remained until he was twenty-one years of age, when Mr. Bedard gave him a f;iim of 160 acres.* He worked the farm during one season, then rented it and went to Benson to learn the carpenter's trade. He continued at work in Benson PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 797 until tlie spring of 1S88, when he sold his farm and removed to Red Lake Falls. He bought twelve lots, upon one of which is a tvvo-storj' building 20x30 feet and well built. October 22, 1S8S, at Benson, Mr. Sivigny was married to Miss Carrie Cota, a daughter of Francis Cota, who now lives witii her. Her mother died some years since. Mr. Sivigny is one of the most competent mechanics in his line in the city. In all his building work he has proven himself a man of practical ideas and possessed of a thor- ough knowledge of the details of his trade. Himself and wife are members of the Catholic church. ^^^ NDREW WALKER, who is engaged P^>^ in the loan and real estate business in Grafton, North Dakota, is a native of Canada. He was born near Lindsay, On- tario, Canada, January 12, 1832, and is the son of John and Catharine (McDonagh) Walker, natives of Ireland. Mr. Walker remained at home, attending the district schools and assisting his father on the home farm until ho was sixteen years old, when he commenced in life for himself. At the age of twenty-three, after assisting his father from the age of sixteen, he took an adjoining farm, and for the next twenty- three years was engaged in general farming- operations. He tlien removed to Essex county, Ontario, where he farmed for four years, when he emigrated to the United States, and in May, 1882, located in Graf- ton and made arrangements for locating and building. He then returned and brought his family in August, 1882. In the fall of 1882 he engaged in the brick-3'ard business, and in 1885 emba/i^kod in the loan business, in which he lias since; been engaged. In 1886 he took his nephew into partnership and they iiave since remained together. In addi- tion to this business he is actively engaged in the real estate business, owning consider- able land and building projierty in the neighborhood and village. He is highly esteemed by all who know iiim. JOHN GIERIET, proprietor of the Tremont House at Grand Forks, Noi'th Dakota, is one of the most pojiular and best-known hotel men' in the lied TJivei' A'alley. He was born in Tavetsch, Switzerland, February 6, 1829, and is a son of Jacob and Uarljara Cutherina (Berter) Gieriet. His father was a hotel keeper, mayor of the city and sena- tor from the district in which he lived — and in fact he held some city office during most of his life. Our subject remained at home and attended the common schools until nine years of age, when he took a three yeai's' course at Dasatas College. He then for four years was at Chur, State of Graubiinden, Switzerland; then returned home. At this time the rebellion was in progress in Switz- erland, and his father, who was a member of the legislature and a very prominent man, of course made many political cnoinies. Some of these circulated the report that he (our subject's father) was a traitor, and he was tried and fully vindicated and further honored before the legislatui-e. During this rebellion our subject carried dispatches between the armies. It was dangerous and perilous work, as he was required to cross the mountains through a hostile countiy in the night. He went as often as four times a week for three weeks, and received $25 per trip. After remaining at home about two months he went to Lyons, France, by coach. He could not speak French and hired out in a hotel to wash dishes. He soon learned to speak the language and was ])romoted to waiter, then head waiter, and held this position for nine months in Cafe La 798 RED KIVER VALLEY AND \ Perle. He then went into the Hotel Impe- rial as liead waiter, and a short time later lii'fame head clerk and stowai'd. He served ill this rcsponsihle position for seven years, atteiidini^' to all the liiiying, and during the last tliree 3'ears lie had entire charge of the whole house during the summers, the pro- prietor being away. In 1854 he came to the United States, and first stopped in New York Cit}', where, on the second day after his arrival, he secured a position as waiter in tlie Germania Club, in the Bowery, an organiza- tion composed of importing merchants. Nine months later, through the kindness of the president of this club, he was introduced to General Thonuis, and was engaged b\' him to go to AVasliington, District of Columbia, as his steward, remaining with liiiii for thirteen months. The general wanted him to accompany him to France, but he decli ned and General Thomas secured him tlie position of steward in the Wiiite House for President Franklin I'ierce. He remained in the Wliite House until one year after the beginning of Buchanan's ardiiiinistration. Mr. Gieriet then went to Stillwater, Minnesota, and a short time later bought the Minnesota House, which he ran for about three years. He tlien sold out and went to Hastings and bought the Minnesota House there, wliicii lie ran nearly four years, when he sold and returned to Stillwater, re-purchased his old liouse and ran it for two years. At tiie ex[)iration of that time he started the Star Billiard Hall, which he ran for some time. About four years later he went to Minneapolis and for two 3'ears was engaged in the grocery business, losing some $7,000 by tiiis transaction. Selling- out he went to St .Paul and started a saloon, which he ran for eight months, then sold and returned to Stillwater, wiiere he opened a saloon and restaurant, which he ran for seven or eight months. He tlien sold out and went to the Black Hills, prospecting, and opened a saloon at Miles City. After five months he was taken sick and went to Bismarck, where he started a restaurant and remained for seven or eight months. He then sold out and went to Fargo, where he opened the first fruit stand in tiie cit\', it being called "The California Joiin." He also budt the first ice house in Fargo, and remained in business there for about four years. He then took his sick son to the mountains of Colorado prospecting, and while there took several claims and still owns several of them. After remaining there one summer he returned to Fargo and started a saloon and restaurant in the Union block. After two years he sold out and went to Ped Lake Falls, Minnesota, where lie bought ])ropeity and erected, fur- nished and opened a liotel at a cost of $14,- 000. As the business did not pay, eighteen months later he closed his hotel, shipped his furniture to Duhitii, and opened what was known as the Hotel La Perle, which he conducted for about two years. At the expiration of tliis time he returned to ills hotel at Red Lake Falls and eighteen months latei', in December, 1887, shipped his furniture to Grand Foi-ks, Dakota. A few months later he leased tlie Tremont House, and furnished and oj)ened it. He still runs tliis hotel, which is one of tlie best in this region, and has an excellent trade. He still owns the hotel at Red Lake Falls. Mr. Gieriet was married January' 27, 1859, to Miss Mary Genelin, who died in Still- water, October lU, 1876, leaving the follow- ing children — Andrew, Katy and Nellie. Andrew and Katy are deceased. Mr. Gieriet was married a second time in Fargo, June 28, 1881, to Miss Mascalin Burn- ham, a daughter of Gilbert and Melvina (Rubert) Burnham. Her father was a sol- dier for three years in the Union army dur- ing the Rebellion. After he was honorabh' discharged he was poisoned and robbed, but reached home before he died. PARK A'KG/O.VS OF MhVA'FSOTA. 799 JMenry t. M"!. villaire c WALKER is a resident of the of Buffalo, Wriglit county, Minnesota, whei'e he is eno-ao-ed in the mill- ing business. He is a native of Canada, born in Hawksburg, Ontario, on the lith da_y of September, 1S32, and is the son of William and Agnes (Cunningham) Walker. Mr. Walker, the subject of this bio- gra])hical article, received his education in the excellent schools of his native land. After leaving the school-room he learned the miller's and carpenters trade. In 1856 he removed to the United States and located in St. Paul, Minnesota, on the 14th day of Octo- bei-, 1S.56. He removed to Hasting.s, Minne- sota, where he remained until March, 1857, then starting lor Forest City, stopping two weeks at Monticello. On the 8th of March he arrived in Forest City, where he took chai'ge of the steam saw-mill for J. H. Robinsan, and also worked at the carpenter's trade. On the 2Sth of July he went to St. Paul, where he paid a visit and again returned to Forest City, where he remained in charge of the mill imtil the winter. Early in 1S5S he returned to Canada, where he remained five years. At the expiration of that time be returned to Minnesota and located at Monticello, where he worked three years on the construction of the Sioux City Railroad, and then proved up on his homestead in Meeker county. In 1877 he took a saw-mill outfit and crew and went to the Black Hills, and after running it one season returned across the plains, sold out, and removed to Buffalo, Wright county, Minnesota, where he pur- chased an interest in a saw-mill. He also operated a saw-mill for three years and then moved to IMinneapolis, where he lived until the fall of 1888, then returning to Buffalo, where he has since remained. Mr. Walker was married January 1, 1858, to Miss Ann B. Bvrant, and this union has been blessed with eifi'ht children — Asrness, Melissa, Charity and Narcissa (twins), Adelaide, Ambrose, William and Stewart. Our subject and wife are members of the Universalist and JVIethodist church, respec- tively. Politically he affiliates with the democratic party. He is actively interested in local enterprises, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. — «"^^- < '- ■ — *Ip|,ON. C. L. BROWN, of Morris, Min- L'^'SL nesota, is judge of the district coui-t of the Sixteenth Judicial District, and is one of the most prominent citizens of northern Minnesota. He was boi'n in Goshen, New Hampshire, and is a son of Hon. John H. Brown, of Willmar, now judge of the Twelfth Judicial Disti'ict and one of the most alile jurists in the West. Our subject entered his father's office in boyhood, and it may be said has spent his life in legal study and associa- tion. He was admitted to the bar in 1876 and opened an office in Willmar, Minnesota, removing in July, 1878, to Morris. In March, 1887, he was appointed judge of the district. He is a genial, warin-heailed gen- tleman, one of the best read lawyers in the State, a hard student, and his record on the bench has been highly creditable to himself and satisfactorv to all concerned. '«" IjlmR. EVERETT W. FISH, of Glenwood, ji^J editor and proprietor of the Central MiimesoUaii, is one of the most highly edu- cated, intelligent and able men in that part of the State. He is a native of Livine- ston county. New York, born December 2, 1845, and is a son of David B. and Pru- dentia (Pattison) Fish, who were natives, respectively, of New York and Vermont. The father was engaged in the mercantile business for years in New York, and later in 8oo KED KIVEK VALLE Y ANJ) the wholesale tea trade in Detroit, and died in j\richigan in 1880. The mother died in Canada in 1847. They were the parents of two sons— Everett AV. and Charles P. The latter died in New York City. Everett W. lived with liis grandparents, Dr. and Mrs. Pattison, from tlio time lie was four years of age, attending sciiool and receiving an excellent education. He was graduated from the Union Seminary at Ypsilanti in 1803, and prepared for tlie uni- versity at the State Normal. Before finish- ing his university course, however, he took a scientific course in tiie medical and labo- ratory department, spending six years of faithful work and study in this institution. In his youth he learned the printing busi- ness, and when eighteen years old became an editor on the staff of the Detroit Daily Free Press. Subsequentl\' he {)ublished the Cincinnati Medical Advance and Ijocame the professor of chemistry in the Pulte Medical College of Cincinnati. He also ))ublished his text book on (jualitative anal3'sis. After practicing medicine for five or six yeai-s he was called to Chicago to puljlish tiie scien- tific montldy, tlie Ilhistmled Cosmos. Within tiiis time he had brought out the first two editions of his woi-k on the Great Pyramid of Egypt, and translated what is known as the Taurian Myth. For some fifteen years he was an invalid from a surgical disease, and devoted his time to scientific study and to the translation of antiquarian work and in.scriptions, often taking the lecture field for scientific societies. In 1881 he was subjected to a surgical operation at the hands of the celebrated Dr. Gunn, of Chicago, which was successful, and he was restored to active life again. Upon iiis recover}^ he went West to engage in out-door pursuits anil invested in a stock ranch on the Missouri bottoms, in western Iowa. This he followed foi' three 3'ears, but did not meet with finan- cial success. In the winter of 188G-87 he was invited to visit Glen wood. Pope county, Minnesota, to publish a paper, and seeing a fine opening he established the Central 3fin- nesotian in the following May. He is an energetic, enterprising man, a forcible writer and thoroughly conversant with all the details of the newspaper business. lie has met with merited success. Dr. Fish was married in 1871 to Miss Elizabeth A. Patterson, a daughter of Hon. J. C. Patterson, a prominent politician and canal shipper of Brockport, New York, and laterof Michigan. P>oth Mr. and Mrs. Fish are people of high literary attainments, education and refinement,''and are held in iiigh esteem. Dr. Fish is one of the most able and forcil)le writers in the State, anil his paper is as widely known and quoted as an^- journal in the Northwest. ««— ll'HOMAS HAWLEY CANFIELD. No yiL man is more woithy of an extended and creditable notice in a volume devoted to the eminent men of northern Minnesota than Thomas H. Canfield, who will form the subject of our present article. He is a resi- dent of Lake Park, Minnesota, although on account of extensive interests in Burlington, Vermont, much of his time is spent in the East. A history of his life is, to a great extent, a history of the inception and inau- guration of that great enterprise, the North- ern Pacific Railroad, as he \\ as one of the founders, and to him, more than to any other one man, was due its organization and getting it into some practical form and sys- tem in its earl\' days. He has, therefore, been closely identified with the growth and devel- opment of the Northwest, and his name is indissolubly associated with the history of both State and Nation. A man of bi-oad ideas, wonderful vitality and energ}^ incon- querable will and indefatigable perseverance, PARK' REGIONS OF M/jVJVF.SOTA. 80 1 the history of the gigantic enterprises which he has inaugurated and placed in shape for successful consummation demonstrate the characteristics of the man. A man of the strictest integrity, kind and courteous, of extensive reading and observation, together with his keen foresight and executive abili- ties, he has indelibly impressed his individu- ality u))on the history of the great under- takings with which he has been connected. The generation in which we live has scarcely furnished a more worthy subject foi' the pen of the biographer. GENEALOOr. James De Philo, a French Huguenot and citizen of Normandy, France, in the six- teenth century, in reward for meritorious services to the crown of England, received honorable mention, a new cognomen and a grant of land on the river "Cam," county of Yorkshire, England, to which he removed and afterward occupied as a lo\'al subject of the crown. He received the cognomen of "Cam," in distinction of the land grant. Subsequently from "Cam De Philo"' the name was changed in England in the six- teenth century to " Cam-philo," then to " Camphilo," and l)v his descendants in 1G39, in New Haven, Connecticut, to "Cain|ihie!d." Later in Milford, Connecticut, in 1680, to "Camlield," and still later in Milford, in 1720, to "Cantield," which has since been retained by the descendants in the United States. One of his descendants, Thomas Cantield, and Phebe Crane, his wife, came to Milford, Connecticut, in 16-1:6, and he died there August 22, 1689. His son Jeremiah, who was l)orn in 16G0, resided in Milford until 1727, when he removed to New Milford and died in 1739. He had ten children. The ninth son, Zerubtahel, in 1733 married Mary Bostwick, and they became the parents of eight children. Theii- third child, Matliew, was born July 28, 1739, in New Milford, Connecticut, and removed to Arlington, ]»en- nington county, Vermont, in 1768. For his first wife he married, Novendjer 14, 1765, Lois Hard, a daughter of James Hard, by whom he had four children. After her death he married Betsy Burton, by whom he had seven sons and one daughter. Sam- uel, the sixth son, was born in Arlington, July 2, 1792, and died September 28, 181:0. He was the father of the subject of this sketch. Now to trace the genealogy on the mother's side : Joseph Hanley,who was born in Derby- shire, England, in 1603, came to Stratford, Connecticut, and died in 1690. He iiad eight children, five sons and three daughters. His oldest child, Samuel, was born in Strat- ford, Connecticut, in 1617, and married for his first wife. May 20, 1673, IMary Thompson, grand-daughter of Governor Welles of Fai'ui- ington, Connecticut. They had six sons and one daughter. After her death he married a second time, and had four sons and one daughter. He died August 24, 1734. Eph- raim, the oldest child by the second mar- riage, was born in New Milford, Connecticut, in 1690, and married, October 5, 1711, Sarah Curtiss, of Stratf(n'd, Connecticut, and removed to Arlington, Vermont, where he died in 1771, and was buried in the church- yard adjoining the church. They had eight sons and two daughters. Their oldest child, Jehiel, was born in New Milford, Connecti- cut, Februar3^ 14, 1712, and married Sarah Dunning, March 30, 1731, and removed to Arlington, Vermont, about 1764. They had five sons and five daughters. Andrew, their oldest child, was born June 22, 1732, at New- town, now Bridgeport, Connecticut, and married, January 2, 1757, Ann, a daughter of James Hard. He died June 24, 1801. They had ten children — seven sons and three daughters. Eli, their oldest child, was born in New Med ford, Connecticut, November 20, 8o2 RED HIV ER VALLEY AND Vl^l ; removed to Arlington, Vermont, and maiTied, November 4, 1787, Marj' Jeffers of Cli;ileur, Lower Canada, and died at Alton, Illinois, January 19, 1850. They Lad four sons and one daughter, Mary Ann, Avho was born November 6, 1795, in New Carlisle, on bay of Chaleur, Province of Lower Canada, and was married to Samuel Canfield, in Arlington, by the Rev. Abraham Bronson, October 29, 1820, and died July 22, 1825. They had two children, one a daughter, Marion, born .lanuary 2, 1824, in Arlington, and married to the Tlev. Fletcher J. ITawle}^, I). I)., by the Itight liev. Bishop lIo]ikins, in Burlington, Vermont, November 2, 1853, and now residing at Lake Park, Minnesota; the other a son, Tiiomas Ilawley Canfield, the subject of this sketch, who was born at Arlington, Bennington county, Vermont, March 29, 1822. Vermont, especially tiiat part west of the Green mountains, was mostly settled by peo- ple from Connecticut, commencing about 1760, who received the titles to their lands by charter from Benning Wentworth, the colonial governor of New Hampshire. Sev- eral families had come to Arlington to make it their home, among them the Can- fields, Ilawleys, Hards, Aliens and Bakers, the most prominent. The new settlers went on to improve their lands and fix up their new homes, when they were startled, July 20, •1704, by a decision of the crown that the territory was adjudged to be under the juris- diction of New York, su])posing that the great seal of a royal governor was a sufficient guarantee that their titles were valid. Hence ther'e arose at once the great question of the con Hiding claims of New York and New Hampshii'e, and the territory known as Ver- mont, in which each State attempted either to control the whole or at least to divide the territory between them, and thus obliterate Vermont comjiletely as a separate Territor}' and from ever becoming an independent State in the future. This involved a long and bitter controvers}' between New Hamp- shire and New York, which, together with the increasing feeling among the colonies of hostility to England, ])laced the settlers in a very unpleasant, not to sa}' dangerous, situ- ation. Bordering, as Vermont did, upon Canada, subject u])on the slightest provoca- tion to attacks from the British, and with Lake Champlain upon her western bor- der, which was the great route of the English between New York and ■Montreal, her territory became tiie Ijattle- ground between the three contending pai'ties, with England upon the one hand endeavor- ing to prevent her from joining the other colonies in their movement for indejiendence, while New York and New Hampshire de- sired to blot her out entirely. Under such circumstances the situation of a mere hand- ful of settlers was very trying as well as dangerous, and I'equired not onlv great bravery, patriotism and courage but great wisdom, forethought and prudent action in the management of their afifairs, bringing to the front men of the most varied ability and different views. Some turbulent spirits like Gen. Ethan Allen, Remember Baker and Col. Seth Warner were ready to declare oi)en hostility against all the claimants, wiiile others like Chittenden, Hawley and Canfield, of a more mild, conservative and ])i'udent character, were disposed to move more cautiously, awaiting the development of events. Arlington was the gi'eat central point of all operations. Here was the head- quarters of the "Council of Safety," which had unlimited powers for government of the State; here resided Thomas Chittenden, its president, the George Washington of Ver- mont, who was afterward elected governor of the State for twenty years. Here hvcd Gen. Ethan Allen, the hero of Ticonderoga, who, with a handful of Green Mountain boys, demanded its suri-ender in the name of the PARIC REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 803 " Great J eho vail and the Continental Con- gress." Here assembled his companions and associates, Eemember Baker, Col. Seth Warner and others, to concoct their plans to resist the New Yorkers and to teach them that the " gods of the valley's were not the gods of the hills." Capt. Jehiel Hawley and Nathan Canficld, from their well-known sound judgment and common sense, as well as irreproachable ])ri- vate characters and high moral worth, became the leaders, and for some time man- aged and controlled the chaotic people. After all other attempts had failed to satisfy New York of the justice of the title to their possessions from New Hampshire, at a meet- ing held October 21, 1772, Capt. Jehiel Ilawlev and James Breckenridge were sent to England to lay before King George III. the state of affairs, and succeeded in o'etting' an order from the king foi'bidding the governor of New York from interfering with the titles and lands granted by the gov- ernor of New Hampshire. With this decision of the crown in their favor, Hawley and Breckenridge returned, expecting that it would settle all disputes, and the settlers naturally expected to go on in peace and clear up the wilderness. But the order of the king was but little regarded bv the gen- eral assembly of New York, which offered a bountj^ of £50 for the apjirehension of either of the leaders. Up to this time the people of this section were substantially one, a common danger compelling all to unite. But this act of the general assembly of New York aroused to action all classes, and was answered by a series of resolutions of a gen- eral meeting " of the committees of the sev- eral townships on the west side of the Green mountains," held at the house of Jehiel Haw- le}' on the third Wednesday of March, 1774, counseling resistance to all encroachments of New York. To show how determined these people were to maintain their rights against great superiority of numbers, in 1774 Dr. Samuel Adams, holding lands under title from New Hampshii'e, exasperated his neigh- bors by advising tliem to re-purchase their lands from New York. lie was arrested and carried to the Green Mountain Tavern at Ben- nington, where the committee heard his defense and then ordered him to be tied to an armchair and hoisted up to the sign (a cata- mount skin, stuffed, sitting upon the sign-post, twenty-five feet from the ground, with large teeth grinning toward New York), and there hung two hours in sight of the people, as a punishment merited by his enmity to the rights and liberties of the people. January 26, 1 775, Benjamin Hough, of Clarenden, a Baptist minister who had just obtained a commis- sion from New York as justice of the peace, was arrested by (ieneral Ethan Allen and tied to an apple tree in front of his house at Sunderland and whipped, in pursuance of a sentence of the committee of safety. During all this time from 1704, amid all the accessions to this colony from Connecti- cut and elsewhere, there was no minister of any denomination. Captain Jehiel Hawle\' was the acknowledged leader, to whom all, even the most tui'l^ulent spirits, yielded. He built the first frame iiouse in Ai'lington, and, being a man of high moral character and a devoted and exemplary communicant, of the Church of England, to his house, Sun- day after Siinday, tlie people from all ])arts of the surrounding country came for public worship. Captain Hawley read the service of the Church of England and a sermon, the "Protestant Episcojjal Church in the United States" at this early day not having been regularly organized in America. The diffi- culties of the times delaj'ed the building of a church, although the services were kept up regularh' by Captain IIawle3% which formed the nucleus of a congregation, and in 1784 a pans h was organized. Two shillings on a 8o4 XED RIVEK VALLEY AND |)oun(l were levied on the inhabitants to build the church, now St. James church, Arlington — that building now being replaced by a stone one on the same site — which \vas the first E])isco])al church organized in Vermont. In 1787 this j)arish was represented in the convention of the Pro- testant Episcoi)al church, at Stratford, Connecticut, by Nathan Canfield, the first delegate. Notwithstanding the continued aggres- sions of New' York the inhabitants, under the leadershi]) of Captain Hawley, were making i-apid improvements, when a new trouble was approaching in 1775. The trouble between the colonics and Eng-land had cul- minated and the battle of Lexington opened the War of the lievolution. A convention of the people of Vermont was called in 1776 to draft a constitution, which was done, dechiring Vermont an independent State ; but before the constitution could be ratified by the people General Burgoyne, with his splendid army of 10,000 men, had entered Lake Champlain and anchored in Vermont waters. It became necessary, to meet the emergency, to form a provisional govern- ment without an hour's delay, and a "Council of Safety " was appointed, invested with all the powers of government, both civil and militar3\ Its power was unlimited and abso- lute, and, in fact, the urgency was so great that it was necessary to place in the hands of the fourteen men composing the "Council of Safety '' the legislative, executive and judicial powers of the State, and intrust them with tlie life, liberty and ]iro]ierty of every iniiividual. It was a dark hour — no money in the treasury, no time for taxation, no credit to borrow; desperate measures were necessary. A commission of sequestra- tion was appointed, " invested with full authority to seize the goods and chattels of all persons who had or should join the com- mon enemy, sell them at public vendue and the proceeds to be paid over to the treasurer to be appointed by the council." The council of safety as well as com- missioners of sequestration made their head- quarters at Arlington. Thomas Chittenden, aftei'ward governor of the State for twenty years, was its president, and Ira Allen, brother of Gen. Ethan Allen, its secretarv. This sudden change of affairs compelled the people at once to decide what cour.se to pursue, whether to join the revolutionists or i-emain loyal to the crown, whence tliev had received by gift all their lands and possessions. It was a very trying time, especially with the commissioners of sequestration encamjied among them, urged on by such tumultuous spirits as Ethan Allen, Seth Warner and Eomembei- llakcr, to seize, u2)on the slightest shathnv of loyaltv to England, the propertj^ of any one and confiscate it. The town was in a critical position. Most of its inhal)itants, while feeling grateful for all that had been done for them by the crown, felt that it would be better for the colonies to be an indei)endent nation ; but whether the time h.ad come to throw off the 3'oke of the mother country was the question ; and whether, if over- throwing a good government then existing, they would be assured that the Kevolution would succeed and a better one arise out of the wreck, or whether anarchy and chaos would be the result for a long time to come. It was a difficult question to determine, especially after having been several years in conflict with New York, and now, by the order of King George III., sustained in the position they had taken. It was a tiying time — there was no time for delay. Families were divided amons' themselves; nei"hbors arrayed against each other, some joined tiie revolutionists, others remained loyal to the king and left for Canada, while otiiers, " who did not think it right to rebel against a king who had done them no harm," remained at PARK REGIONS OF MmNESOTA. 805 their liomes, submitting to thepowers of the government do facto, believing that colonies so far from the mother country ougiit at some time to be independent, but was tliis the time ? This was sufficient cause in the eyes of the commissionei's of sequestration, backed up by restless spirits, to seize their property and confiscate it. Captain Jehiel Ilawley may be said to have belongeil to this last class. Plis high moral worth, peace- ful manners and kind consideration and friendshi[) for all the settlers for so many years long secured him from molestation. Ilis age was such that there was little dan- ger of his going to the enemy and he could not well be a fighting man. But the exten- sive property which he and his faraih' pos- sessed was a strong temptation to the sequesti'ators. Anonymous letters were sent to him thi'eatening midnight assassination, and there were circumstances that satisfied him that the writers would not shrink from making their worils good. Yielding to an emergency, which he regarded necessary to save his life, he abandoned his entire woi'klly wealth and started for Canada, and died on his way on Lake Champlain, November 2, 1777, and was buried on the shores of the lake in Shelburne, Vermont. It was a sad day to Arlington when Jehiel Hawley left the settlement, mainly of his own planting, to seek safety in Canada. Thus ended the life of this truly great and good man, of whom it ma}' be said his enemies could find no fault. Nathan Canfield remained at Arlington during the war. He was the leading busi- ness spirit of the town, merchant, landlord, justice of the peace and town representative aftei' Vermont became a State. He built a large saw mill aiul furnace for smelting iron ore, the first in the State, organized the first churcii, and at his house the preliminary ai'rangements for the first convention of the Protestant Episcopal churcli in Vermont were made 100 years ago. The house he built is still standing, and in it Samuel Can- field and his son, Thomas Hawley Canfield, were born. At this distant day it is very difficult to understand the difficulties and dangers of those troublesome times, and the fact that two such men as Jehiel Hawley and Nathan Canfield could have passed tlirough them all, retaining the confidence of the whole com- munity, managing the [)ublic business to the satisfaction of all factions, demonstrates that they were men of uncommon, judgment and common sense, as well as extraordinaiy char- acter for integrity and ability. Samuel Canfield inherited many of the prominent traits of his father, Nathan Can- field, and from 1820 to 1840, the time of his death, was the leading man of Arlington, and during the most of that time was sheriff or deputy sheriff of the county of lienning- ton, an office of prominence and distinction in those days. He became one of the most popular men in that portion of the State, practically controlling the politics of the county. He was a m;in of fine presence, cheerful and persuasive manners, a good judge of men, upriglit, relial)le, energetic, the soul of honor, and true as steel to his friends. He died September 20, 1840, being at that time representative-elect to the legis- lature of Vermont from Arlington. His wife, Mary Ann Hawley, great-graiul- daughter of Capt. Jehiel Hawley, above mentioned, possessed many of the traits of her ancestors. A lady of commanding presence, attractive features, charming num- ners and bright intellect, of rare executive ability, universally respected and the acknowledged leader of every society where she was known. She died July 22, 1825, leaving her only son, at three years of age, Thonuis Hawley Canfield. Such were his ancestors and such the try- ins: times in which thev lived. So6 RED KIVKK VALLEY AND THOMAS HAWLEY CANFIELD, whose name heads our present article, was brought up on a farm, rising early and work- ing from morning to night witli the men, taking iiis share in every kind of woi'k until lie became familiar with all the details of farm work, which, with the habits of order, economy and management then formed, have been of great service to him in after years. His early education was obtained mostly in the common schools of his native town, although he soon evinced a strong desire for something more advanced than they afforded. Accordingly, he was placed by his father at IJurr Seminar^-, in ilan- chester, Vermont, at its opening in May, 1S33, under those able professoi'S, the Eev. Dr. Lyman Coleman, the Rev. Dr. John H. Worcester, John Aiken, Esq., and Wm. A. r>urnliain, where he renuvined until he was iltlcd for college at the age of fourteen. Notwithstanding the standai'd of this semi- nary was very high, and he the 3'oungest pupil among 150, all much older than him- self, yet he acquitted himself very creditabl}^ taking the highest rank in all his classes. Having a decided taste for practical matters, and not desiring to enter college at this early age, he returned home to the work of the farm for two years, when he was transferred to the Troy Episcopal Institute with refer- ence to a scientific course of study, which had a very eflicient corps of insti-uctors, among them the present bishop of Vermont. He was particularly fontl of mathematics, and it was while demonstrating a. difficult pi'oblem at a public examination in the city of Troy, New York, that he, although an entire strangei', ai-rested the attention of the late Bishop Alonzo Potter, of Pennsylvania, who was one of the examiners, and then the acting })resident of Union College, Schenec- tady, New York. The principal of the Troy Episcopal Institute subsequently published an arithmetic for schools, based mostly upon problems and exam])les .-which he had pre- pared and which were worked out anil solved for him by young Canfield. President Pot- ter became so interested in the promptness and accuracy with which he ilisposcd of all examples presented to him that he determined to insist upon the young man having a higher and broader education, and finally prevailed upon him to abandon his idea of becoming a civil engineer and to enter the junior class in Union College in the fall of 1S39. It was a very trying ordeal for him to pass through, being by far the young- est in a class of over eighty, who had had all the advantages of the freshman and soph- omore years, but yet, through the same inde- fatigable energy and perseverance which iiad characterized his conduct thus far in life in everything which he had undertaken, he was one of the "wuw/y/iM/rt ten^'' who came out at the head of the class. Soon after the begin- ning of the senior year he was summoned to Vermont by the sudden death of his father, and although strongly urged by Pres- ident Potter, who, during the junior J'ear, had taken great interest in him and offered to assist him to any j)osition he should want after graduation, as well as b\' his own I'cl- atives, to return and complete his college course, he considered the duty he owed to his mother and only sister pai'amount to everything else, and again took up the i)ur- den of the farm, and thus, at the early age of eighteen, his business life began, which has continued constant and uninterrupted to the present day. In adtlition to tiie cai-es and duties of the farm, he was active in all public matters having for their object the im])ro\('nient and well-being of societ}'. He organized a lyceum, established debating societies, and procured prominent lecturers upon various subjects (among them Colonel Crockett), which, during the winter months, called out crowded houses. About this time a new PARK RRGIOXS OF MINNESOTA. 807 element appeared in tlie temperance move- ment, the coining out on the stage of "six reformed drunlcards from Baltimore," who took the platform throughout the country, and were enabled by their own experience to portray more vividly than had ever been done before the terrible consequences which followed in the ti-ail of intemperance. Mr. Cantield org-anized a series of meetings in Arlington and adjoining towns, and secured one of these men to address them as well as himself, and soon had enrolled upon the total abstinence pledge large numbers, tlie result of whicii was a great improvement in the morals of the community. Finding the labor of the farm too severe for his slender constitution, he removed, in 184:4, to Williston, Vermont, where he became a merchant, having in the meantime mar- ried Elizabeth A., only daughter of Eli Chit- tenden, a grandson of Thomas Chittenden, the first governor of Vermont. Slie tlied in 184:8; and he subsequently married Caroline A., the youngest daughter of the Et. Rev. Bishop Hopkins, of Vermont, a chanuing and accomplished lady, who is still living, and by whom he has two sons and three daughters — Emily, John Henry Hopkins, Marion. Flora and Tiiomas H., Jr., all now engaged in completing their education in Burlington, Vermont, at the Diocesan Church Schools and the Universit}' of Vermont. In addition to the ordinary business of mercliaiulise, Mr. Canfield added to it the pur- chase of the products of the counti-y, butter, cheese, wool, starcli, cattle, sheep, horses and everything which the farm raised, thereby carrying out the idea of home protection and creating a home market for their pro- duce. Hei'e he built up and carried on an extensive business under very pleasant cir- cumstances until Api'ii, 1847, when he removed to Burlington, Vermont, where he still resides, to take the place in the firm of FoUett & Bradley, the leading wholesale merchants and forwarders in northei-n Ver- mont, made vacant by the withdrawal of Judge Follett, who had taken the [)residency of the Rutland & Burlington Railroad, then in course of construction. Mr. Canfield for some time resisted this arrano-cment, believing himself too young and inexperi- enced for the impoi'tant ])osition tendered him, but finally was induced to yield to the persistent entreaties of Follett & Bradley, who had recognized in his short business career at Williston the peculiar traits in his character which fitted him particularly for the responsible position which they desired him tooccupv. Their office and headquarters were at the stone store on Water street, Turling- ton, near the steamer wharf and railroad depot. As there were no railroads in Vermont in those days, all of the pro- duce of every kind of the farm, mine or manufactory came to Burlington for ship- ment to market, and the goods for the mer- chants in the country, from Boston and New York, came here in return. To accom- modate and facilitate this business, Bradley & Canfield had extensive wharves and ware- houses, as well as a line of boats to New York and Boston for the transportation or this property both ways, their wharves also being the regular landing place of the passenger steamers and other vessels, result- ing in an extensive business, requiring not only much capital, but also great care and ability to manage this part of it, which devolved principally upon Mr. Canfield. About this time. Professor Morse having brought his telegraph into practical ojiera- tion between the principal cities, Mr. Can- field, in connection with Professor Benedict, the Hon. Ezra Cornell, founder of Cornell University, and Colonel John H. Peck, got up a line between Montreal and Tro}'^, New York. Mr. Canfield visited Vergennes, Orwell, Middlebury, Rutland and many other towns along the line, getting stock- So8 RF.n K1\HR VALLEY AND holders and organizing the comjnmv, and on the 2d day of February, ISiS, the Mrst message passed: From tlm City of Troy to tlic City of Burlington : Wu do sincerely congratulate yon as having be- come, at tliis early day, one of those favored com- munities, united by the life blood of speedy communi- cation, and as sincerely congratulate ourselves on being able to salute, face to face the queen city of Lake Champlain. But the time had come for Vermont to be invaded by railroads from Boston ; one via Concord and Montpelier, and the other via Fitchburg, Bellows Falls and llutland, were being extended across the Green mountains by two different routes to Bur- lington. Ilis firm, Bradlej^ & Canfield, witli two or three other gentlemen, were engaged in building the one from Bellows Falls by the way of llutland, which was completed in December, 1849. At the same time, in con- neeliou with George W. Strong, of Eutland, and Merritt Clark, of Poultney, they built the Butland & Washington Eailroad from Eutland to Eagle Bridge, Xew York, con- necting at that point with a railroad toTro\' and another to Albany, thus opening the first line of railroad to Xew York as well as to Bos- ton from northwestern Vermont. While these were in progress Messrs. Bradle\' & Canfield, in connection with T.F. Strong and Joseph and Selah Chamberlin, built the Ogdensburgh Eaili'oad from Eouse's Point to Ogdensburgh, as well as other railroads in New York and Pennsylvania. Mr. Canfield w^as now fairly enlisted with a fleet of boats in the trans- portation business between Montreal, Ver- mont and New York, as well as in mercantile pursuits and in the building of railroads, which at tluit time but few contractors undertook. In the management of these great interests Mr. Canfield formed an exten- sive ac(|uaintance and gained alcnowledgoof the resources of the country on both sides of Lake Champlain, which gave him an I'xperience in handling and transporting the products of the country that attracted the attention of the directors of the Eutland & Washington Eailroad, and commended him as a fit man to manage its aH"airs, and to open and organize it for business. As soon as completed they selected him for superin- tendent, which he declined. But so man}' of his friends were interested in it, and it being a new departure in the transportation of western A^ermont, he yielded to tiieir appeals and accepted the situation, retaining at the same time the management of his former business at Burlington. ]\Ir. Canfield afterward became pi'esident of the Eutland it Washington Eailroad, and subsequ(nitly took a lease of it and ojierated it on his own account, being probably the first railroad in the country ever leased by a jn'ivate indi- vidual. It was while Mr. Canfield li:id this lease that Jay Gould appeared upon the stage, and endeavoi-ed at an annual meeting of the stockholders by a cotip d'etat to get control of the road, but he found his match in Mr. Canfield, who had antici])ated his plans and completely defeated them. Sub- sequently, after the termination of the lease and surrender by Mr. Canfield of the road to the trustees, Mr. Gould acquired an interest and afterward controled whicli laid the foundation of his subsequent notable and prosperous career. The o]ierating of railroads was then com- paratively in its infancy, and there were few experienced men to be employed. He at once instituted a rigid system of discipline and accountability, in which at first he met with opposition ; but after a time all became impressed with the justice and importance of it, and he received the hearty cooperation of the employes and directors, and thus established an esprit de corps among all con- nected with it which nnide the "Eagle Ijridge Eoute" celebrateil for its promptness, speed and regularity, its accomodation to the traveling and business pul)lic, and its em- PARK REGIONS OF MINNESO TA. 809 ployes as among the best railroad men in the country. Heretofore it requireil two clays for the mails as well as j)assengers to go between Burlington or Montreal and New York. Mr. Canfield first ]iroposed to make a day line between the cities. He went to New York to eidist Governor Morgan, then president of the Hudson River Railroad, in the plan, but he was coldly received by him, for the reason that the governor believed it was simply im]iossible. But after several in- terviews the governor consented to make the trial foi* three months, on condition that Mr. Cantield would guarantee his company from any loss. It is 300 miles from New York to Burlington, and about four hundred to Montreal, which involved an average speed of about forty miles an hour. Accordingly', on the 15th day of May, 1852, at 6 o'clock, A. M., a train left the Chambers' street depot in New York, Mr. French, super- intendent of the Hudson River Railroad, Mr. Johnson, superintendent of the Troy & Boston Railroad, with two or three reporters, being all that would risk their lives upon such a crazy exjieriment. The train arrived at Rutland on time at 1:25 p. m., hav- ing made the run from Eagle Bridge, sixty- two miles, in eighty-five minutes, making five stops, with Nat. Gooken, engineer, anil Amos Story, conductor. Burlington was reached at 3:20 v. m., and Montreal at 7 p. m. But for the fact that it had on board the New York papers of that morning it would have been impossible to have made the public believe that it came from beyond Troy. Tims was settled a question of great imj)or- tance, the establishing of a daily intercourse between Montreal and New York, since which time two daily trains have been kept up most of the time. Burlington, pi'evious to the advent of rail- roads, had been the commercial center of northern A'ermont, ami had been Imilt u[) from the trade arising from its being tiie point of shipment to the New York and Bos- ton markets of the produce of the countiy, and the receipt and distribution of merchan- dise in return. Large numbers of eight and ten-horse teams from Woodstock, Northfield, Bradford, St. Johnsbury, Hyde Park, Derby Line, Montpelier and other places, with their loads of starch, butter, cheese, wool, scales and manufactured goods, kept up a lively business with the interior, bringing to Bur- lington much nu)ney to be exchanged for fiour, salt, iron, steel, nails ami other mer- chandise. In addition to tiiis the lines of boats running to Troy, Albany, New York, Montreal, and all points on the lake, created an active and prosperous business for Bur- lington, and it became a very thriving and beautiful town. When the question came up of connecting by railroad Boston and Burlington, two routes were pi'oposed, one via Montpelier and Concord, and the other via Rutland and Fitchburg. There was much difference of opinion among the citizens which would be most for the interest of Burlington, or in other words, which would injure it the least, or least interfere with its alread}' prosperous business. Public meetings were held, much excitement and feeling prevailed ; one party, headed by the old established house of J. & J. H. Peck & Co., advocating the Vermont Central route via Montpelier, of which Gov- ernor Charles Paine became pi'csident, and the other party, represented by Bradley & Canfield, urging tlie Rutland line, of whicli Judge Follett became president, who main- tained that as Burlington had always derived its business more or less from eastern and northeastern Vermont, and parts of New Hampshire adjacent, that a railroad from Boston, ])cnetrating these sections, would divert the trade direct to Boston, and tliereby injure Burlington correspondingly ; wiiile from the south Burlington had never 8io KED RIVER VALLEY AND had any trade, the connection with market from tiiat portion of Vermont being made direct!}' with tlie different shipping ports on the lake, and hence it was evident that while Burhngton iiad nothing to lose, but every thing to gain by opening a trade with the towns of western and southern Vermont, at tiie same time tlie line to Boston would be shorter than In' ]\Iontpelier, and, besides, a connection could be made at Rutland with railroads to Troy and Albany, and tiuis have a direct rail communication with New York and the West in tiie wmter as well as in the summer. The result of tiiis controversy was the building of botii lines, wliich was greatly accelerated b\' the powerful aid and influ- ence contributed by the two contending ))arties, and on the ISth of Decemi)er, 1849, the first train from Boston via Rutland came into Burlington, and on the 25th day of the same month the first train via Montpelier arrrived at "Winooski, the bridge over the river at that i)lace not being finished to admit it to Burlington. With the advent of the Vermont Central train the fine ten-horse teams of Governor Baine and others ceased their trips forever to Bui'lington, and the elegant and celebrated six-hoi'se teams and coaches of Mahlon Cottrell, of Montpelier, took their departure for the last time, as had before nuu'li of tlie business from that part of the State ; and the prostration and decline of Burlington began, and stagnation in busi- ness reigned supreme, as Bradley & Canfield had maintained would be the case if the A'ermont Central line was built. Originally, to counteract the injury to a certain extent which might arise to Burling- ton fi'om a diversion of its business by the Central line, it was contended by its friends that, its terminus being in Burlington with its shops, ofiices, etc., new business would be created to offset in part the loss of the old. It was also understood that an independent railroad should be built fiom Burling'ton north to Canada to accommodate both the Boston lines, which were to make their termini in Burlington. l!ut the excitement ran so high during the buildinjr that Gov- ernor Paine, after becoming sure that his line would be built, gave up coming to Bui'ling- ton, and arranged, with the aid of John Smith and Lawrence Brainerd. of St. Albans, and Joseph Clark, of ililton, three of the shrewdest and most capable business men ever raised in Vermont, to make a line noith from Essex Junction, thus pi-ictically extend- ing the main line of the Centi-al to Rouse's Point, leaving Burlington at one side to be reached by a branch of six miles. This move gave the final i)low to liiirlington, and left the Rutland Railroad without any rail connection north, and forced it to nuike its connections with the Ogdensburgh and Cliam))lain and St. Lawrence Railroads to ]\Iontreal, at Rouse's Point by boat. To meet this emergency, as the Rutland Rail- road Companv had not the right by its charter to build boats, Bradley & Canfield came to the rescue, and within ninet\' days, early in the spring of 1850, constructed four barges of the capacity' of 3,000 barrels of flour each, and the steamer "Boston" to tow them between Burlington and Rouse's Point; and this enabled the Rutland line to compete successfully for the western business with the A''erraont Central. Previous to this, as early as 1847, Mr. Canfield felt that a change in the character of the business at Burlington was inevitable so soon as the railroads should be completed, and to supply what would be destroyed new branches would have to be built up. All the flour and salt heretofore, for northern Vermont and New York, came from Troy and Albany b}'' canal via Whitehall, while that for the rest of New England, after ))ass- ing through the Erie canal, found its way to Boston and other ports either by water, by way of New York, or by the lioston & PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. Sii Albany Eailroad to the inland towns. He tluis early took the ground that, with the new proposed lines of I'aih'oads completed between the Atlantic and River St. Lawrence, a new route would have to be opened by that way and the u|)ptr lakes to the wheat regions of tlie West. Upon consultation with leading- forwarders at Troy and Albany, a movement of this kind, he found, would incur the hostility of New York and all parties interested in the navigation of the Erie canal, which at that time was the main channel of trans- portation between the lakes and Hudson river. But Mr. Cantield, nothing daunted by such intimations, went in the spring of 1848 to Montreal, and laid his views and plans for a northern route before Messrs. Holmes, Young & Kna])p, tiie most promi- nent merchants in Canada, and who carried on an extensive business with Cleveland, Detroit and Chicago in wheat, flour and pork. They concurred witli liim in the desirability, but not the practicability of the scheme. From thence he went up the St. Lawrence river, stopping at Ogdensburgh, Kingston, Sackett's Harbor, Oswego, Roch- ester and Buffalo, to Cleveland. Here he met Messrs. A. H. & D. IST. Barne^', who were engaged in boating on the western lakes, and who liave since become so promi- nent in the railroad and express business in New York City, and engaged them to send a vessel witii a load of flour to Montreal, wliicii he purchased on his own account. Tiiis vessel, althougli passing the locks in the Welland and St. Lawrence canals to Mon- treal, was too large to pass those of the Chambl}' into Lake Ciiamplain, and hence Mr. Cantield iiad to unload the flour at Montreal, and after much trouble witli the custom-house officers transferred it by ferry- boat to La Prairie, nine miles above Mon- treal, on the opposite side of the St. Law- rence, thence by rail to St. Johns, at the foot of Lake Champlain, and then by steamer to Burlington. Tiiis was tlie first cargo of flour ever sent from Lake Erie to Lake Champlain via "Welland canal and St. Lawrence river, and the entei-ing-wcdge which Mr. Canfield then believed, ami still believes, to a great water communication from the west end of Lake Su]ierior to Lake Champlain, by which steam vessels of much larger size than any now on the lakes, will make the whole passage without break- ing bulk, and ultimately going through to New York l)y the conversion of the Champlain canal between Whitehall and Troy into a ship canal. Although it was an expensive experiment, yet it showed that there was another route than that by the Erie canal, which was sooner or later to be developed into an important one. Tlie next season Bradley & Canfield, in order to more fully demonstrate the practical)ility of their new route, chartered tiie steam propeller "Earl of Cathcart" to run between Detroit and Montreal, agreeing to furnish at Detroit 1,500 barrels of flour every two weeks, at a fixed rate of freight, to be paid whether the flour was shipped ornot; and toenablethem to comply with this contract they purchased a. large flouring mill at Battle Creek, Michigan, to manufacture the flour, and stationed Eli Chittenden at Detroit to attend to the shipments, and thus opened a regular trade via Montreal to Burlington the whole season. Meanwhile the Ogdensburgh Railroad was completed, and Mr. Canfield, still determined to. carry out his original jdan of opening a more practicable northern route for much of the business between New England and the West, went to Oswego and Buffalo, and after investigating more fully the operations of steam propellei-s on the lakes and Welland Canal, made a contract with E. C. Bancroft, of Oswego, to build two propellers of full size for the Welland Canal locks, costing $20,000 each, and arranged with Chamberlin 8l2 KED Jw York, and other jirominent men were the 8r4 KED KIVF.n TALLEY AA'D 'lirectoi's of the company. It was while Mr. Johnson was thus engaged on this road tliat lie used to have long talks with Mr. Canlield about a line of radroad to the l*acific ocean from St. Paul, and wrote an exhaustive treatise upon Pacific railroads, sliowing that the nortliern via the Missouri, Yellowstone and Columbia rivers was the most feasible route, as well as passing through the most productive country. This made a volume of 150 pages, with an extended map, which Mr. Canfieid and his partner published at their own expense, upon which was traced the isotiiermal line, showing that the climate became milder from Minnesota to Puget Sound, until a mean temperature there was warmer than Chesapeake J!ay. The Iloii. Jefferson Davis at this time was secretar\' of war, and with the prominent leaders of the South was very desirous to extend Southern territory, and tloubtless had in mind at some future time tiie acquisition of Mexico. Hearing from his associate in the cabinet, the Hon. Robert J. Walker, that Mr. Johnson had in manuscript the above-mentioned volume, he came to New York and sought an introduc- tion to him, whom he knew to bean engineer of extensive knowledge and that whatever he had written was reliable and im- portant. At his request Mr. Johnson loaned him the manuscript for a few days, and after reading it, a/id seeing the conclusion to which Mr. Johnson ^lad come, that the northern route was the most feasible, not only witii respect to its topographical feat- ures, soil, climate and mineral resources, but also of great importance, being so near to the Pritisli line in the mditary and commer- cial point of view, he came on to New York to return the manuscript and see Mr. John- son again. Inasmuch as this came in con- flict with Mr. Davis' cherished plans, he endeavored to convince Mr. Jolinson that he must have greatly underrated the difficulties of the northern route, the obstruction b\' snow, the elevation of Ww main summit of tiie Ilocky mountains, which w;is really 3,000 feet lower than those by the Union Paciflc, and tliat lie did not realize how rapidly the ground rises near tlie source of streams; while to any pratical engineer the most feasible point for crossing the Ilocky mountains which would naturally strike him, would be at the divide, where the watere of the two rivers to the Pacific ocean and the Gulf of Mexico take their rise — tlie Mississippi and Columbia. Mr. Johnson lis- tened attentively to what Mr. Davis had to say and replied: "that he had given the subject much thought and ])atient investiga- tion, but his conclusions were strictly logical from tiie facts, and tliat he had no doubt of the full verilication of his estimates by actual measurement hereafter to be made,'' which the actual surveys for the Northern Pacific Pailroad have since con- firmed; and if the profile of the Northern Pacific of to-day be compared w'ith the profile accompanying the above manusci'i])t of Mr. Johnson, the coincidence would be found wonderful. Mr. Davis, finding he could not change Mr. Johnson's views and that Mr. Johnson was going to publish his manuscript, returned to Washington and on the 3d of March, 1853, procured the passage of a resolution b\^ congress, authorizing him, the secretary of war, to make such explorations as he might deem advisable, to ascertain the most practicable route for a railroad from the Mississippi river to the Pacific ocean. He at once organized three exjieditions, one by the wa}' of the Southern route, one \>\ the middle or Central route, and the other by the Northern route. He placed in charge of the expedition at the eastern end of the Northern route, Major_^Isaac I. Stevens, then the secretary of the national demo- cratic committee, and Lieut. George B. I-AkfC REGIONS. OF MINNESOTA. 8t5 McClellan in charge of the Western end, both of whom were particulai" friends of his and whom he had expected would probaljly report iinfavorabl}' to the Northern route. In Lieut. McClellan he realized his expecta- tions, but Major Stevens, although entering upon the work with strong predjudices against it, become a convert as he progressed to the Noi'thern route, and fully confirmed all Mr. Johnson had predicted. Major Stevens became so convinced of the superior- ity of this route that he got the appointment from Pi'esident Piei'ce of the governorship of "Washington Territory, and removed there and devoted most of his life in presenting to the public the great importance of this route, and enlightening public opinion with respect to its wonderful resources. To Edwin F. Johnson, more than any other man, at that early day, is due the true presentation to the public of the merits of the Northern Pacific, based upon reliable facts, when there were but very few people in this country who knew anything of its real merits and the re- sources of the countr}' through which it was to pass; and fewer still who believed it was pos- sible ever to buikl it. Then and there was inaugurated the first practical steps toward tlie construction of a railroad by the North- ern route in 1852 from Chicago. In those days railroad building was slon' compared with what it is now, materials difficult to get, capital timid, contractors inexperienced, and, before the railroad was finished to Fontl du Lac, the panic of 1857 overtook it and stopped all work, embarrass- ing the company and contractors. Before the company could be reorganized the War of the Rebellion came on, when the urgent necessity of a railroad to the Pacific became apimrent, and the Government selected the middle route, or Union Pacific, as the first line to be built, granting it lands and a money subsidy, it being understood at the time that the same money subsidy should at some future time be given to each the Northern and Southern routes. But this was never carried out by congress, and the rail- roads by both these routes had to be built by private enterprise, with only the land grant, but without an}' money subsidy from tiie United States Covernment. Soon after the war broke out and tiie Government assumed control of the rail- roads of the country. Col. Thomas A. Scott, of the Pennsylvania Railroad, was made assistant secretary of war, having for his special duties the collecting of tiie armies of tlie United States. He sent for Mr. Canfield and placed him in charge of all the railroads about Washington as assistant manager. At this time AVashington was surrounded by the rebels, and all communication was cut off, both by land and water, except b}' the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, with a single track — all the materials and supplies for the daily support of all the citizens, the arm}' and everything, as well as all passengers and troops, had to be taken over this line. It required from thirty to forty trains a day each way, of about thirty-five cars each, and the fear that the enemj- might intercept them at any time caused no little uneasiness to the president and his cabinet. Even the western end of this road was in the hands of the enemy, its officers and managers, with one honorable exce[)ti(jii, the superintendent, William Prescott Smith, were in symiiath}' and co-operating with tiie rebels. That portion between Baltimore and Washington was guariled, esiiecially at the culverts, embankments and bridges, by a regiment under the command of Col. John 11. Robinson, of Binghamton, New York. It was a ver}' responsible and tr^-ing posi- tion. The flower of the Confederate army, under their experienced and popular leader, General Lee, was encamped upon the "sacred soil" in sight of the capitol ; rebel spies and allies were everywhere present in 8i6 f!F.D fUVKK VAir.E Y AXD disguise, occup\'ing positions of trust in the different d'epartments of the Government, keeping up ;i constant secret communication with tiic rebel leaders; the whole North in a state of anxiety and excitement lest the capital of the Union, wilii its treasures and archives, should fall into the hands of the enemy, while tlie Soutii was hourly ex- pecting to hear of its surrender to rJeneral Lee, and its occupation by their ti'oops. Every avenue of communication by land and water with the District of Columbia was in the iiands of the rebels, except the single ircju track to Baltimore, over which the 300,000 soldiers for the Army of the Totomac were to be transported for the de- fense of Washington, as well as everything for the support of man and beast in and about Washington. It was only after fre- quent interviews and repeated assurances that Mr. Canfield could satisfy President Lincoln that he could, on the single track, keep oi)en a communication with Washington until the Army of the Potomac should be collected, provided tlie Government would furnish troops enough to pi'otect the line froni destruction. Put the rigid system instituted by Mr. Canfield of guarding the track the whole distance by day and night, the employment of exjjei'ienced, loyal railroad officers and men whom he knew, and in whom he had confidence; an implicit obedience of all employes to the rules and regulations, enabled him to transport the immense amount of freight, passengers and troops during the whole blockade without an accident of any kind. Never, perhai)s, has there been, before or since in this country, so much business done in the same length of time, with so much promptness and safety, upon a single-track railroatl. Upon its successful operation the fate of the nation nuiy then have been said to de- pend. Even after the Army of the Po- tomac had been collected, had the opera- tion of this railroad been cut off by the rebels, Washington with all its treasures and archives, and even the Aruij^ of the Potomac itself, would probably have fallen into the hands of the enemy, the effect of which at that time uponthe future of this nation no one can imagine. The recognition of the South- ern Confederacv bv foreiji-n governments \voul(l iiave been assured, wliich, togetlun' with the small Northern army then in the field and the sympathy of the copperhead element in the North with secession, the preservation of the Union and the suppression of the liebellion wa^uld, to say the least, have been much more difficult. The j)revcntion of such a calamity was due to a great extent to the great experience, untiring watchful- ness, cool judgment and careful manage- ment of Mr. Canfield, who was master of the situation, keejiing his own council as well as the secrets of the Government entrusted to him, so very necessarj' in those critical times. Soon after rea'ching Washington, Mr. Can- field, with the assistance of the Hon. Solomon Foote, senator from Vermont, got jtermission from Mr. Cameron, secretai-y of war, to raise a cavalry regiment in Vermont, and within twenty-four hours from the time it was sug- gested he received a conmiission for Col. L. B. Piatt, of Colchester, with instructions to purchase the horses anil raise the regiment at once. As Mr. Canfield could not be spared from Washington, he wrote to lead- ing men in different parts of Vermont, ap- pealing to them to assist, among them Z. H. Canfield, of Arlington, and J. 1). Hatch, of Wintlsor, the result of which was, within sixty daj's. Col. Piatt reported with his regi- ment at Washington, which rendered service during the war second to no other in the army. The general movement of the army the next season into Virginia and the South raised the blockade and removed the necessity of further vigilance at Washington; PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 817 and the death of Mr. Doolittle, the sui)ei in- teiulent of the steamers on Lake Chainplain, created a vacancy which the directors of the company desired Mr. Canfield to fill, which he accepted, returned to Bur- lington, Vermont, and for several years was the general superintendent and treas- urer of the company. During his superintendency tlie business of the company increased rapidly, and tlie few years during his administration were the most ])rosperous the company ever saw. In 18G5 the Clyde Coal and Mining Com- jiany, of ISTova Scotia, owned mostly in New York and Pennsylvania, secured his services to go to Cape Breton to open some mines of gas coal, from which place the gas com- panies of New England, New York and even Washington \vere supplied. While there Mr. Canfield, in the winter of 1805-66, made an examination of Louisburg Harbor, the best harbor on the Atlantic coast, from Cape North to Cape Sable, thinking it would ultimately become the terminus of the trans- continental railroads, from which point a steamer can make Liverpool in foni' days. Since that time railroads have been built from the Pacific Ocean to within 100 miles of this place, thus practically confirming his views on the matter. During the war Josiah Perham, of Maine, had procured a charter from the State of Maine for a railroad from IMaine to the Pacific coast, which he called the Peoples' Railroad. His plan was that no person should have more than one share of stock, and that it should never be mortgaged, a purely visionary scheme. Subsequently his friends induced him to abandon it, or in other words, apply to Congress for a new charter with more practical provisions, which, by the assistance of Maj. Isaac I. Stevens, . Colonel Aldrich, of Minnesota, and others, he procured under the name of the North- ern Pacific. After the war was , 1SG6. \ The construction of a railroad by the proposed route would be of very great advantage to the Govern- ment pecuniarily by saving us the cost of transportation to supply troops whose presence in thecountry through which it is proposed to pass is made necessary by the great amount of emigration to the gold-bearing regions of 'the Rocky mountains. In my opinion, too, the United States would receive an additional pecuniary benefit in the construction of this road by the settle- ment it would induce along the line of the road, and conse(|Uently the less number of troops necessary to secure order and safety. IIow far these benefits should be compensated by the CJeneral Government beyond the grant of lands already awarded by congress, I would not pretend to say. I would merely give it as my opinion that the enterprise of constructing the Northern Pacific Railroad is one well worth fostering by the General Government, and hat such aid could well be afforded as would insure the early prosecution of the work. U. S. GiiANT, Lieutenant-Oenerat. But two years soon passed away, and meanwhile the Northern Pacific; began to attract considerable attention, as well as to increase the hostility of the LTnion and Southern Pacific towards it. But after about four months' hard work another bill was passed by the house and concurred in by the senate on the 2Sth day of June, while the charter expired on the 2d day of July. The bill had been returned from the senate, reported to the house, engrossed tmd PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 825 passed over to the committee on enrolled bills, of whicli Mr. Holman was cliairman, to be taken to the President for his signature. Mr. Canfield, finding- the bill did not reach the White House as it should, and as there was i)ut a day or two left, became very nerv- ous and uneasy, as well as unable to find Mr. Holman, who had taken charge of tiie bill. In this emergency he consulted with Messrs. Windom and Woodbridge, members of the house, and they went to the speaker, Mr. Colfax, who ordered the desk of Mr. Hol- man to be opened, and there found the bill, and gave it to another member of the com- mittee to take to the White House. It is supposed Mr. Holman was sick somewhere and had forgotten about it. But for this watchfulness on the part of Mr. Canfield, the Northern Pacific charter might have slept the sleep of death in the desk of its worst enemy in the house. It was signed by the President July 1st, onW one da\' be- foi-e the charter expired. To most people it would seem that an enterprise which was to confer so much benefit upon mankind — which was really to dispense with the necessity of an arm}' to keep the Indian tribes in subjection — which was to open up the millions of acres of wild lands of the Government, furnishing a mar- ket for them, which were heretofore worth- less, to industrious and hardy settlers and thereby increase tlie wealth of the nation, would receive attention from congress and an act to facilitate its operation be passed without delay. But such is not the case. Opposition arises in uiiexi)ected quarters; secret combinations are formed; jealousiesand sectional interests tuin up which ougiit not to have any bearing upon such an important subject, all of which would require close attention in order to carry through legisla- tion of even mei-itorious chai-acter. Truly the ways of congress " are past finding out," especially to the uninitiated. Mr. Canfield was one of the committee, consisting of Messrs. Smith, Ogden and Kice, who went to Ogontz, Mr. Cooke's country residence, near Pliiladi'ljihia, in ^lay, 1869, to make the arrangement with Jay Cooke & Co. to negotiate the bonds of the Northern Pacific Railroad. After spending a day or two and finally agreeing to the terms of the arrangement, just as the committee were leaving, supposing all things were done, Mr. Cooke proposed a condition, as a ])ostsci-ipt to the agreement, that the agreement should not be binding upon him, unless by a per- sonal examination by himself or his agents, of the whole line, it should be shown as equal to all the representations as to resources and practicability which the directors had made. This Mr. Cooke insisted ui)on, even if it should take a year to do it. Mr. Canfield was very much annoyed by this unexpected demand of Mr. Cooke, fear- ing that it would so delay the commencement of construction, which had already been made the basis of objections before con- gress to an\' further extension of charter, and he remonstrated with Mr. Cooke, ex- plaining to him the dangers of further delay. Mr. Cooke replied, that so far as he was concerned, he was entirely satisfied with all the directors had represented about the practicability of the line, the wonderful resources of the country through which it was to pass and the great benefit to the nation, but that he had to engage bankers all over tills country and Europe to assist him in ])lacing tlie bonds, that capital was timiti, that thousands of (juestions would arise which we could not anticipate, and that to answer them satisfactorily it was necessary he should be able to say that his own experts had examined tiie whole country, and that his information was based upon their exam- inations and not upon the reports of any one identified with the road, and that in the 826 KED KIVEK VALLEY AND long run it would be seen his condition would be for the benefit of the enterprise. Mr. Ogden, pci'ceivingthatMr. Cixnfield was annoyeti, called him one side and said: " I think you are a little vexed with Mr. Cooke." " Yes, I confess," said Mr. Can field, "I am a little mad, after we have spent so much time to make an agreement, now not only to have it upset, but to have all our plans endangered befoi'e congress." " But," said jMr. Ogden, " I have been two years endeavoring to negotiate a loan for the Northwestern I'.ailroad of only $4,000,000 secured upon a road of 1,000 miles, now in operation through a rich and prosperous country, while this man proposes to nego- tiate $11)0,000,000 upon a line through an unknown country and not a bar of iron laid yet. You must remember no negotia- tion of such a magnitude has ever been undertaken in the history of the world under such circumstances, and while he may not be able or live to entirely complete it, yet if he only negotiates ]iart of it, it will put us on our feet and ultimately secure the con- struction of the Northern Pacific Railroad, and we can not allord now to break up our contract with him." "Well," said Mr. Canfield, "I appreciate as fully as you do the force of your argument, as well as tlie importance Mr. Cooke attaches to this proposed explanation which will delay us six months more, but I accede to it, and let us get about it at once and be done with it before congress meets in December." The wisdom of Mr. Ogden's theory has been demonstrated since in the raising of money to build the road. One can well imagine why a man of action like Mr. Canfield should have been annoyed at a delay of six months more in the work, after he had been for years struggling with opposition, rebuff and difficulties of all kinds, in order to reach a point, where, at least, he had hoped to show to the world by actual work of construction that the Northern Pacific was sometliing besides a railroad on paper. Mr. Canfield was selected by the directors to take charge of Mr. Cooke's party, consisting of W. ]\Iiinor Roberts, engineer; Samuel AYilkeson.AVilliam G. Moorehead, Jr., the Rev. Dr. Ciaxton, and William Johnson, a son of the chief engineer, which was to meet him at Salt Lake City on the 1-lth of June. From there they went by the Central Pacific Railroad to Sacramento and l\t;ii'ys- ville, and then by stage tiirougli A'orthern California and Oregon, TOO miles, toPoitland, Oregon, arriving there on the 4tli of July, 1 SCO. From there tiiey went to Puget Sound — most of tlie way by stage — procured a small steamer, making a tiioi'ough examina- tion of all the bays, towns and harbors, and, returning to Portland, they went by steamer ■ up tiie Columbia river to AValla Walla, which was about the end of all settlements, and where for some years had been a Gover?i- ment militar}' post. They were now about to enter upon an unknown country, wliere there were only scattering settlers for a short distance ; no roads, no bridges noi'any means of subsistence, when on Puget Sound an amus- ing incident occurred. George Fi'ancis Tram, who was at Portlantl to deliver the Foui'tii of July oration, accompanied tiie party to the Sound, and wiien at AVhatcom, on Beliingham Bay, he telegraphed to the mayor of Victoria, Britisli Columbia, that he would be there the next day to deliver a lecture, subject, "The downfall of England! get out your guns !" ' The steamer with the party airived at Victoria about 3 o'clock in tlie morning aDd anchored. When dayliglit came a man- of-war lay off-side a few rods with hei- "guns out" and shotted, ready for action. The party were not allowed to land, and it was with much difficult}' Mr. Canfield, with the aid of the American consul. PARK REG lays OF MINNESOTA 827 persuaded the official of Victoria tliat Mr. Train was a luiriiiless man, and tliat liis message was intended as a joke. But |)Oor Train iiad insulted Jolinny l>ul] and was not permitted to go ashore after all. At Walla Walla Mr. Canfield fitted out a horseback expeilition, consisting of thirteen saddle and pack-horses, and as there were no settlements of any consequence bej'ond Walla Walla, was obliged to take provisions and cooking utensils upon the backs of his horses, sufficient to last the party thirty days, which it was estimated would bring them to Helena, Montana, 500 miles. Their supplies were confined to tea, coffee, iiam, tlour, butter, a few canned goods, the long distance preventing the transpoi'tation of vegetables or other kinds of meat. Every- thing had to be in the most condensed form. They left Walla Walla on the 20th of July, 1869, with the thermometer llu degrees above zero, making about twenty miles a day, 13'ing upon the ground at night without any tent to cover them. They went from Walla Walla to Iventuck's Crossing on the Snake river; thence to Hangman's Creek, Schnebley's bridge, near where Spokane Falls now is — then but one log cabin. From there to Pend d'Oreille Lake. Here they found a small steamer, " Mary Moody," Avhich had been used in former mining da\'s, but now dismantled. To save a journey of several days around the lake, they put the engine together and took their horses across the lake on the steamer to the foot of Cabinet Rapids. Here they disem- barked, and, following Clark's foi'k of the Columbia river, crossing many of the mountain ranges at an altitude of several thousand feet to Thompson's Falls, Horse Plains, along the Flathead and Jocko rivers, through the Coriacen Defile to Missoula, thence along the Jjlackfoot to Gold creek ; now near Garrison's, where they made a detour through the Deer Lodge valley to examine the Deer Lodge pass. They went over to the Wisdom river, one of the trib- utaries of the Jefferson, by very easy grade, and which they found to be the easiest pass in the mountains, and which Mr. Cantield advised as the true route for the road to take, following, after crossing the mountains, the waters of the Jefferson to Gallatin valley, and which he still believes will be the route sooner or later adopted for the through busi- ness; although in order to reach Helena, the capital of Montana, the road has been built through the Mullan pass. There were but two or three miners' shanties then at Silver Bow, and the city of Butte, now with 20,000 people, then " was not. " Returning to Gold creek, the first place gold was discovered in Montana, they crossed the Rocky mountains to Helena at Mullan's ])ass, where the I'ail- road tunnel now is. Here they disbanded their liorses and took stages to Fort Ben- ton, examining Cadotte's pass on their return, which was the pass Governor Stevens and his expedition crossed in 1854. Here they met an Indian outbreak, in which Mal- colm Clark, a graduate of West Point and for many years a Government agent, met his death, which threatened much danger, their horses being stolen from them by the Indians at Dearborn river. It was a critical time, as General De Ti'obriand, who was in command at Fort Shaw, some thirty miles beyond, where they arrived at cioht o'cU)ck that evening, I'cfused to give them any assistance. It was ver^^ important that Cadotte pass should be examined, inasmucii as it would ]irobabl\' be the place of crossing the main range of the Rockies, if the road went north of the Mis- souri river. Mr. Cantield, at Fort Benton, endeavored to get Cadotte himself to pilot them over it, as he had done General Stevens in 185-f, but his fear of being massacred by the Indians made him refuse absolutely to accompany them, however great the induce- 82S RED RTTER VALLE Y AXD ments offered. Mr. Canfield then returned to Fort Shaw, and, after much urging, induced General De Trobriand to give them an escoi't of six men, really of no use in case of an attack. Fortunately, iiowever, none was made, and they crossed the pass over and back and returned to Helena without injury. At Helena and Deer Lodge he was warmly welcomed by the citizens, as being the first director of a railroad who had ever visited Montana, and to tiiem the harbinger of brighter days. From Helena they went to Bozenian, crossing at the Three Forks, where Madison, Gallatin andlJetferson rivers meet, and form the Missouri. Here a consultation was held with Colonel Brackett, in command of Fort Ellis, near IJozeman, General Sully, the old Indian fighter, and General De Trobriand, who had in the meantime come down from Fort Shaw, as to the expediency of continuing their expedition down the ' Yellowstone river to Fort Buford, or across from Glendive to where Bismarck now is located. Although the Crow Indians, whose reservation was about 200 miles East, were friendly, yet Sitting Bull and his band of Sioux, who were encamped aliout the Big Horn, Tongue and Powder rivers, was not friendly, but upon the other hand, hos- tile. The officers decided that it would be siin]ily impossible for them, with all the troops at their command, to escort the ])arty thi'ough the Sioux territory safel}', and advised Mr. Canfield to abandon the expedition without going any further East. There still were the Bozeman moun tains, which had not been examined, and which it would be necessary to cross in case the Yellowstone line should be adopted, and Mr. Canfield determined at all hazards to cross it to the Yellowstone, if no further. He accordingly raised a few men and horses at Bozeman, and went over the pass to a point where Livingston now is. Here they remained for a dav, and as the rest of the route to the east was by the valley, the Yel- lowstone, where there were no serious obstacles, and as all that part between here and the Pacific ocean, about one thousand miles, where were all the mountains and difficult parts of the route had lieen carefully examined, and passes found which would admit of a railroad being built, the re])resentatives of Mr. Cooke decided their mission had practically boon accom- ]ilished ; and assuring Mr. Cantield that their declining to go down the Yellowstone Val- ley would not afTect the substance of their report, he returned to Bozeman. Mr. Can- field then turned back with his party, went across the country with a mule team 150 miles to Virginia City, and took stages to Corrinne, and then by the Union Pacific Kail- road to the East, reaching New York after an absence of about three months. During the trip the engineers had been very reticent as to their views of the route, which created no little anxiety on the part of Mr. Canfield, lest they might not nuike a favorable report. This was a very important matter to the company at this time, as upon the report of these men I\Ir. Cooke would furnish the money or not to go on with the cinistruc- tion. Mr. Canfield felt that a great res])ousi- bility was placed upon liim, as in the event of his not showing them a good route, such as would be satisfactor\', the whole arrange- ment with Mr. Cooke must be abandoned, as well as the construction of the road. But Ml'. Canfield, by his study of the route in former j-ears — from the information he had obtained from prominent and intelligent citizens in Oregon, Washington and IMon- tana, and officers of the army — was enabled to conduct the expetlition through a favor- able route, which subsequent surveys have confirmed, and the railroad from the Colum- bia river to the Yellowstone has been finally built on the route he reported and most of the way in sight of the very trail which this PARIC K EC IDA'S OF MIXNESOTA 829 party made in 18G9. The result of the expe- dition turned out favorably, and the gentle- men sent on by Mr. Cooke unanimously reported that the half had not been told by the directors, and that the country was far better than they had ever represented. In the meantime Mr. Cooke's party, wiiich had been sent out from St. Paul under the charge of Governor Smith and Mr. Rice, two of the directors, to explore and examine the eastern end of the line from Lake Su])erior to the Missouri river, had returned and reported ver\- favorably upcjn their part which complied fully with the condition required by Mr. Cooke in the postscript to the agreement, much to his satisfaction, and heat once commenced negotiating the bonds, and the work of construction began. Thus, after nearly four years of continuous struggle by the syndicate, they had reached the great turning point of the commencement of construction of their cherished under- taking. It was soon found tiiat many of the cross- ings of rivers and other places favorable to the location of towns were upon even sections, while the com[)an\-, under their grant from congress, received onl\' the odd ones, and had no right under their charter to buy lands. In order to get over this ditficulty a company was formed called '• The Lake Superior & Puget Sound Company," of whicli Mr. Canfield was matle president, which was empowered to buy lands, build boats, and do most any kind of business to further the interest of the railroad company. In carrying out tlie plans contemplated liy the Lake Superior & Puget Sound Corn- pan}', Mr. Canfield located, platted and laid out on the line of the Northern Pacific Rail- road, between Lake Superior and the Red river, the towns of Kimlwri}', Aitkin, Hrain- erd, Motley, Aldrich, AVadena, Perham, Audubon, Lake Park, Hawley, Glyndon and Moorhead. In 1870, when the only railroad north or west of St. Paul was the one to Sauk Rapids, Mr. Canfield and Governor Smith came up from there by team to old Crow Wing and stop[)ed with Captain Peauiieu, which Avas the end of white settlement in that direction. They tiien went upthe Mississijjpi river to find a place wliere there were two high banks that the road could cross without the necessity of a dra w-lji'idge, and selected the place where Prainerd now is, and, at tiie same time, selected the place for the shops, also the station and iieadquarters. This was then a wilderness, and Mr. Canfield at once surveyed the tract and laid out what is the present city of Brainerd, and placed Lyman P. White in cliarge as agent, who has filled the position ever since, Mrs. Wiiite being the first white woman to live in Brainerd. Engineers then proceeded to locate the rail- road east and west from this place. The next year, when the track had been laid about eighteen miles west of Brainerd, Mr. Can- field, in com])any with several tiii-ectors of the roassinf!: S34 RED RIVER VALLEY AND of the mountains, and, although some who were present might not live to see that day, yet he predicted the demands of trade and commerce would be so great, that before 1890 trains would run from St. Paul and Duluth to the waters of Puget suiiiid without l)reaking bulk across the Cas- cade mountains, whicii prediction has been fulHlled three years in advance of the time named b\' iiim. Twenty-tlirec yeai's ago Mr. Canfield visited the Island of Cape Breton, the last of Deceml)er, and nuule an examination of Louisburg harbor, the best harbor on the Atlantic coast from Cape North to Cape Sable, witii reference to the facilities for a shipping port, and he came to the conclu- sion then and still firmly believes it will become the terminus of the northern chain of railroads across the continent, being only four days from Liverpool, with abundance of coal witiiin ten iniies. That the tea of Cliina and Japan, and the spices of the Indies destined for Europe will go on board the cars at Tacoma, and not be transferred until put on l)oard of steamers for Liverpool at L()uisl)urg. It was one of the three-walled towns built on this continent although now entirely deserted, having been destroyed in ITtJo tluring the French and Englisii wars. It was once a city of 10,000 people and it was tiiere that Genei'al Wolfe fitted out his expedition against Quebec. In fact, since Mr. Canfield was there the railroads have been extended from Montreal to witliin 100 miles of Louisburg, and a car of freight can now be siiipped from Tacoma to the Straits of Canso, in Cape Breton, without breaking bulk, and it can not be long beiore this hist 100 miles will be constructed. Then, with a train of Pullman Palace Sleeping and Dining cars standing on the wharf at Louisburg upon the arrival of a steamer from Europe with a load of sea-sick passengers on board, it will require no great stretch of imagination to determine how man}' will remain on board to make the rough passage along the coast when they can step on board the vestibule train, retire and be in Boston the next day to dinner and New York to supper. The result of Mr. Canfield's exjierience is, he has traveled over nearly all the country between Lake Superior and the Pacific ocean via the northern i-oute, on foot, or horseijack, or muleback, in carts or wagons, long before the iron horse was heard in the land, and consequently has become familiar with the general topography and character of the country, and entertains the most sanguine views as to its great capacity in the future. Pew men comprehended so full}- at an earh' day, even when St. Paul and Minneapolis were in their infanc}', the great cajjability of this immense countr\' — the fertility and extent of the Red Eiver Valley, equal to that of the Nile — the abundant resoui'ces of vari- ous kinds awaiting future develo})ment be- tween Lake Superior and Puget Sound — their capacit}' for easy and rapid develop- ment, such as no other country has ever before shown, which, combined with the facili- ties offered by the Northern Pacific and Manitoba, and other raili'oads yet to be built, to hasten settlements and accommodate the people, will create a great Northwestern empire, which will not onl}' add incalculable wealth to the nation, but will form an important factor in its future government. Amid all the ups and downs of the times — amid all panics and financial storms — notwithstanding all the discouragements of the early days of the Northern Pacific and the hostilit}' of congress to itsap|)lications — Mr. Canfield has always maintained the same abiding faith in this magnificent undertak- ing and the same confidence in its ultimate success, and he still believes it will become the great transcontinental liighway across the continent to Euroi)e, not only for the PARh' REGIONS OF MI^TNESOTA. 835 products of tlie farm, forest and mines along its border, but for the products of Japan, China and the Indies. Mr. Canfield continued as president of the Lake Superior & Puget Sound Company and a director of the Northern Pacific Pail- road until the bankruptcy of the company in 1873, when, upon its reorganization, it became the principal owner of the Lake Superior »fe Puget Sound Company, and no necessitj' existed longer for an active manager. Mr. Canfield resigned after having devoted over twent}^ years of the prime of his life to inaug- urate and put into operation this magnifi- cent enterprise, with which his name must be forever identified as its most active organ- izer and promoter in its dark days, when very few had the faintest idea it would ever amount to anything. It is a little remarkable that during all these many years, amid all tiie various modes of transportation, and in so many difl^erent places where there were no roatls or other conveniences, he has never met with any accident nor has he ever carried any fire- arms of any description for a single rod ; has never had any serious trouble with the Indians or " roughs " of the frontier, although meeting them at times under not very agree- able circumstances, where, but for his quick perce])tion, good judgment of human nature • and discreet action, serious results might have occurred. The board of directors of the Northern Pacific Railroad decided at an early da\' as soon as construction commenced not to become personally interested in any lands or property on the line of the proposed route; but the difficulty of getting emigrants to go into an unknown country with ail their worldly effects, uncertain as to what the land would produce, compelled the directors to modify their policy to a certain extent, and to adopt one which Mr. Canfield had frequently laid before them, namely, that in order to demon- strate to the world the great fertility of the soil and its adaptability to farming, they should at distances of, say thirty miles apart, take up a section of land along the line in advance of settlements, break it up and sow it to wheat, and thus show by facts, instead of talk and advertisements on paper, what actual 1\' could be done. As he was the advocate of this policy, of course, it fell upon him to lead off, and he accordingly ])urchased about 5,500 acres in the Park Ilegion of Minnesota, at Lake Park, at the point where the outer rim of the Red River basin connects with the timber region. Other directors, Mr. Tower took 3,000 acres at Glyndon, and Messrs. Cheney and Cass 6,000 acres at Casselton, Dakota, which has since become celebrated as the Dalrymple farm, being managed by Oliver Dahymple, one of the oldest wheat raisers in the Northwest. All these were at once put under cultivation, and the enormous crops of No. 1 hard wheat the first year gave an impetus to emigration and settlement; thus the great farms which have been so much abused did more to advertise and develop the country and bring in emigrants and settle it up than $100,000 expended in advertising. Nowhere in the history of the work! has such a rapid and extensive development been made as in northwestern Minnesota and Dakota, over 40,000,000 bushels of wheat having been raised this last 3'ear, besides all other crops, and that, too, mostly upon what was Indian territory in 1870, and where there was then no white inhabitant. Mr. Canfield, since his retirement from the railroad company, has devoted more or loss of his time to liis fai'm at Lake Park, and has taken the ground that to make a farming- country prosperous and successful, it should not be confined to one single crop, like wheat, but all crops adapted to the soil and climate should 1)0 raised ; and he has endoavoi-cd to sliow what can bedonebvdivei'sified farming. 836 RED JirVER VALLEY AND The beauties and advantages of the Lake J'ai'k Hegion, as well as the efforts of Mr. Canlield in demonstrating the advantages and importance of diversified farming, are strikingly described by an eminent writer and traveler, on his return across the continent a few years since, after having visited most parts of the United States. He saj's: " That vast forest, the admiration of wood- men and the wonder of travelers, bordering on Lake Superior, as it proceeds westward, stoutly contests the earth's surface with open space and limpid lake. Graduall}^ however, the forest weakens, until here, thirty miles from tlie Hed river, at about the highest nortiicrn point of the Nortiiern Pacific Rail- road, between Miles City and Duluth, it loses its hold, for westward are the un- bounded un wooded prairies, alwa\'s to be artificially watered, with exceptional cases, while surrounding and eastward is perhaps the most placidly beautiful country the e3'e ever rested upon. '• This connecting link contains the last lakes — if Devil lake be excepted — of size, and the last woods or forests for many hundred miles, and as such is not inaptly termed the Park Region, although hereabouts the Lake Park Region, from the name of this town, and is consequently about the only and near- est resort for the Dakotian of the plain for change of scenery, recreation and pleasure. The Park Region, taking this town as the objective ])oint, extends sixty miles south to Fergus Falls, thii'ty north, is in width nearh' thirty miles, while its altitude goes over 1,300 feet. It is unlike Dakota or Montana, for it is ' neither fiat nor mountainous, but undulating, as the ocean, interspersed with lakes, groves, and an open, nuignificent agri- cultural country. Within twenty rods of the de})ot is Lake Flora, a half mile wide, endjowered with forest trees, and a half mile farther on is Lake La Belle, over two miles long, and well known for its pure waters and beautiful surroundings. Still in the same direction are other lakes, intersj)crsed with farms, and vying in their admirable features. In Minnesota, according to the statistics of the land oflice, are over 10,000 lakes, and within fifty miles of Lake Pai-k are 200 of these ; Lake Cormorant, in a direct line south a few miles, is the most westerlj' lake of size in Minnesota, easily accessible, has a gravely beach of 100 miles, surrounded by wooded hills on three siiies, variegated with forest-covered islands, abounding in fish and game, and capable of steamboat navigation. It must become the great summer resort in the future, and divitie the honors with L.ake iMinnetonka, esjjecially for the citizens of Dakota. This Lake Cormorant in ])arti(iilar, and this Lake Park region in general, are t lie hunter's and fishernum's paradise, for on these hills are found game of various kinds, and in these lakes the finest-fiber fish, only waiting the angler's skillful hook. "Renowned, however, as the Lake Park Region is becoming, and must continue to become as a summer region, its forests and farming lands mdicate far more. What of these? The forests are inviting indeed and resemble cultivated parks, so much so that Baj'ard Taylor, who described them years since, alleged they bore a striking like- ness to English parks in their stateli- ness, the grassy grounds underneath being devoid of underbrush and stumps. Those near by seem to be only fifty years old, and have caused much studv to the scientific as to how the\' came there. Four and five miles out, however, they seem older, not so cultivated, and larger. In these forests are found the white oak, basswood, maple, iron- wood, Cottonwood, ash, birch, poplar, box elder and some other varieties. Their utility is easily seen, for in the open prairie the fuel question is an absorbing (me ; but when it is further stated that these thick forests cut off the fierce winds — the bitter, biting curses of PARK RF.GWXS OF MINNESOTA. 837 tlie smooth praii'ies — their further provident use is apprehended. Thus these forests are not alone a tiling of beauty, but of utility and protection. " Now tlien as to the country between lakes and woods- — -the farming lands. It is divided up, more than in any other place vis- ited, into farms of 160 acres. On each of these, almost without exception, are small lakes, so that with the natural grass, which is similar to the bunch grass of Montana — only the bunches are smaller and more fre- quent — they seem specially designed for the raising of cattle, horses and sheep. This grass, together with the pure water and atmosphere, makes the very best of milk, butter and cheese. The soil is a rich, black loam, from eighteen to thirty inches deep, with subsoil of clay, and has the same char- acteristics of the best portions of the Red River Valley, for the Lake Park Region is the eastern edge or rim. The Red River Valley wheat has attracted attention deserv- edlv throuo-hout the civilized world, and is the result of the peculiar ingredients of the soil no less than the climate, and these togetlier have produced the best Scotch Fife wheat in existence, known hereabouts as jSTo. 1 hard, meaning Scotch Fi fe wheat, weigh- ing, when cleaned, fift\'-eight pounds to the bushel, often sixty and sixty -one pounds, and hard. Duluth and Minneapolis are its great markets. The latter with its vast mills turns out 20,000 barrels per day. This is done by means of a series of rollers. The first set ci'acks the kernels of wheat in two, then it passes through a bolt and pui'ifier, then through a second set of rollers, cracking- it finer than before ; then more dross eliminated by bolt and purifier, and so on clean down to the last roller, bolt and purifier, and the final result is the most perfect flour in the world, so much so that it is shipped direct from thereto Ger- many, EnglantI, Scotland, France, and is consumed in preference to any other by the best families in the United States. Now it will be perceived why the famous St. Louis flour and celebrated Richmond (Va.) flour has been literally sus})erseded. The Red River Valley flour, bluntly stated, is for sale in the markets of the world. This isnot all. The Red River Valley wheat, of which this region is part and ))arcel, is sought after by all the important milling centers in the United States. Why ? To mix with infe- rior grades — tone them up so as to i)rolaeed in bags and started for the railroad elevator, to be shipped to Dulutli by the N'orthern Pacific Railroad. See b\' this the startling difference between the time of Abraham and the nineteenth century. Here were also some of the finest cattle, unexcelled by any seen in Montana, with such shapely limbs, elegant coats, silky, shiny haii-, intelligent eyes — but who can describe them ? The writer can not. They are beyond him, and are fit subjects for the wondrous tongue of Daniel Webster or the vivid brush of Rosa Bonheur. And now, what shall be said of the horses ? They were the best and largest lot of blooded stock seen in this Western tour, for there was not a stick among them all. No wonder that a man likes to steal horses. The writer in looking at this magnificent lot felt like taking one himself. On the eastern part of this farm thei'e is an unusual eminence, to which Mr. Canfield took the writer, which eminence could only be compared to the j)lace where the devil took the Savior, not so much on account of its elevation as the vast stretch of vision it afl'orded. It was a clear, sun- shiny day and the whole country was spread out before us. There were the groves, the lakes, the cattle, the horses, the fields of grain cut and uncut, the threshers in various directions, trains of cars on the Northern Pacific, and last, not least, over 300 farm houses, where ten years ago was PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 839 not one. Never lias the writer liad such an extensive and varied view in ever^' direction, not even from tlie highest elevation of the Rocky mountains. Mr. Canfield commenced operations on these two farms in 1876, and has now under the plow about 900 acres on one, and 600 on the other. He has built about fifty miles of fence composed of oak rails and barbed wire, introduced some of the best Short-horn herds of the country, superior blooded stock, until he now has 400 head of thoroughbreds and high grades. These have been bred with reference to form, best adapted to carry the greatest amount of muscle and fat, disposed in the best manner to secure the choicest beef, at the same time having in view the strain possessing the highest qualities for milk and butter, thus making them particularly valu- alile for this section of the country, both for beef and the dairy. All these animals have been bred with care by the most experienced breeders, their pedigrees showinga line direct from some of the highest and best English stock. He has also purchased two Percheron Norman stallions from France, from which he has raised many supe- rior colts as well as enabling his neigh- bors to do the same. This breed of horses is pai'ticularly adapted to a farm where so much machinery is needed. They weigh from 1,-1:00 to 1,600 pounds each, and being fast walkers accomplish much more every day with the machinery than ordinary horses, and thus being strong in proportion they are a great profit in the course of a year by the excess of their strength and (luickness. To those who have considered tarniingon a large scale, where the raising of grain is the main object, the unsolved problem has been how to keep their men and teams employed between seeding and harvest, and also in the winter season. This gentleman does this by cutting the natural meadow grass for the winter season, and letting his cattle run out on the pastures to fatten from spring to fall, and in the winter season both men and teams are at liberty to attend to them. Thus with scarcely any extra cost cattle-raising with its profits goes side by side with wheat-raising with its profits without in any way inter- fering." " He has also made several valuable experi- ments, among which may be mentioned seed- ing with tame grasses, such as timotiiy, clover, red top, at sundry times, all of which have turned out well. He has, besides, adopted what is known in the East as ' sum- mer fallowing,' and this also has been suc- cessful, for it gives the land a year's rest. All these things and many others liave been accomplished in six short years, and they reflect not only the untiring energy and con- summate aljility of this gentleman, but have forever settled the adajitability of the soil of Lake Park for wheat-raising, and what is more important, its peculiar natural atlai)ta- bility for diversified farming, which system has since been adopted more or less by neigh- boring farmers. JNIuch has been said in these latter days about ' large farms,' but the investigation of this andother sections demon- strates that they aroused the whole country and hastened the settlement of the North- west by a decade of years ; and no where along the Northern Pacific line is this more plainly visible than in the Lake Park Ilegion. ' Never forget the bridge which carries you over.' " The village of Lake Park is situated north of the Northern Pacific Railroad track, on a sloping elevation, admirable for sanitary and drainage purposes, overlooks the surrouiul- ing countr}', and has thus avoided those unfortunate divisions caused bv being located both sides of the track or a half a mile apart. Thus the first impression — and it is every- thing to a stranger — is favorable. The second is the natural beaut\'of the town. Outside of its picturesque location, the kikes, the S40 Kf-:r> A-rrEA' valley .ixn trees, the srreen irrass, are beautiful as well as useful, and here they abound. The third and last impression indicated in innumerable ways is the iron tenacity and rigid economj'- of its citizens. The first settlers came to what is now called Lake Park in 1869. a few more in '70, not many additions in '71, but in 1872 houses commenced to be built. There were then twenty -five people, and the place had three names, %-iz : Liberty for the town, Loring for the postoffice, and Lake Side for the railroad station . About 1 876 the three, at the sugges- tion of the Rev. Dr. Ilawley. were merged into Lake Park. The railroad reached here in 1871,' and the care have run regularly ever since. The greater portion of the people were Norwegians and Swedes, the rest Americans. All had come to this section to better their fortunes by cultivating the soil, although almost nothing was known about it. There is a tendency in the human mind to paint the rose without its thorn — the ocean without its tempests and hurricanes — the skies without their thunders and lightnings — the "West without its clouds — as the material heaven. It looks in the apt words of the poet as if — " Life is a sea ; How fair its face ; How smooth its dimpling waters pace ; Its canopj' how pure." " The reality, however, shows that — " rocks below And tempests sleep Insidious o'er the glassy deep, 2sor leave one hour secure." " The further histor\' of this place proves the truth of the lines. During '70 and '71 very little wheat was sown, but that was consumed b\^ grasshoppers. In '72 more wheat was sown, and that, too, was de- voured by the grasshoppers. In '73 wheat was again sown — the grasshoppers didn't come, probably surfeited by their three vears' feast: but what was not much better, cold and wet, and the crop was little or nothing. In '74 wheat was again sown, and grasshoppers ate up everything, probably hungry and mad because they gave the settlers a rest the year before. In 1875 another crop was put in. The weather was cold, but the grasshoppers wouldn't stay away. They knew too well the deliciousness of Red River Valley wheat, much better than some Eastern wiseacres, and desired once more ' to roll it as a sweet morsel' into their maws. The weather, however, killed them off, but not until tbey had destroyed some sections. The crop that year averaged twenty-five bushels jier acre, which went sixty and cleiin up to sixty-four pounds to the bushel. Since then the grasshoppers have ceased their visitations, and the crop of wheat has been good, particularlj' during the last two years, including this present one. Alany an American, during these five yeai"s of wheat famine, left for ' other fields and pastures new,' but the Scandinavian raised his ' garden sass,' killed muskrats, bartered the skins to the storekeepers to settle his grocery bills, and lived through, and the most of them are in a prosperous condition to-day. " Lake Park derives its importance not sim- ply from its surroundings and resources, l)ut from its being located on that grand trans- continental route, the Xorthern Pacific Rail- road, which Mr. Thomas H. Canfield, before alluded to in this history, spent the best part of his days in its dark and gloomy days to inaugurate. Pardon, reader, but if this gentleman would cease his active life (for he is an intensely busy man) and write a history of that road from its inception to date, how it was received and voted upon by distin- guished men in public life, who would now hang their heads were their votes reprinted, how scientific, learned and profound men — not a few regarded him as visionary — who witM seer-like vision prophesied the glories of PARK REGIONS OF MINtfESOTA. 841 tlie Northwest, and urged, with all the earnestness of his nature, its immediate adop- tion ; how the project, after going up and down, received a gigantic impulse forward from 'Old Thad,' and was further accele- rated by the cool, hard sense of Gen. Grant; how on the eve of success it foil throus'h under tiie unfoi'tunate, but to-day even mis- understood, financial operations of Jay Cooke, the ludicrous and humorous incidents con- nected therewith, as well as the serious ; how it finally revived under President Villard, and has now been consummated, it would have all the intense interest of the iiest writ- ten novel, as well as the weight of authenti- cated history. Yes, yes. The Northern Pacific Railroad is part and parcel of the history of Lake Park as well as the lakes, and this episode properly belongs here. " On this road, 2'±0 miles from St. Paul and 218 from Duluth on the one side and 1,700 fi'om Puget Sound on the other, Lake Park is situated. Three passenger trains eastward and westward halt here each day as they pursue their journeys. Innumeral)lo freight trains also go backward and forward, which not only interchange tiie products of States and Territories as now, but tiie best of East- ern and Western civilization ; for the pro- phecy of Thomas Benton, 'There is India, ' is no myth. Thus the reader will see that Lalce Park is in the centerof civilization and one of the most easily accessible places in the West. " Thus Mr. Canfield has demonstrated that here is a section which can produce wheat e(]ually as well as any other part of the lied Iliver Valle}', and in addition has the natural advantages for stock-raising. Altiiough higher than Quebec, reaching near to the -17th parallel, this region in its quickness of growth, variety of crops, salubrity of cli- mate and health of its people, is unsur]iassed. To sum it all up : That lie who would fol- low farming as an avocation, and not as a speculation, must do so on the diversified plan." Mr. Canfield has now been engaged in active business forty-nine years, during which time he has never taken a day specially for recreation or pleasure, so called, but has found his pleasure in the work in which he has been engaged, believing thereby he was doing some good to his fellow-men and his country. Although of a slender frame and fragile; constitution, he is yet a]iparcntly as well and active and moves with the same elastic step as twenty years ago, which he attributes in a great degree to his constant busy life and temperate habits in all things except work, lie is a good judge of human nature, enab- ling him to be an excellent organizer and manager of men, quick in observation, clear in judgment and rapid in execution. While being naturally self-reliant, to which his varied experience has contributed, yet he is ready at all times to listen to others and ad()])t their views, even if they differ from his own, if they have merit in them. Modest in his pretensions, he is ever ready to give to others the credit of any good work, although he may have been niaiidy instrumental in bringing it about. Having been engaged most of his life in work of a public character, and connected with many great enter- prises, he has an extended knowledge of the country and broad and compre- hensive ideas as to its capacity and re- sources, and entertains the most sanguine views as to its future greatness and power. When once enlisted in any sclieme wiiich commands his approbation, he is very persistent and persevering until it is accom- plished, no matter how difiicult it may be or how serious the obstacles to be encountered. The idea of defeat never enters into his cal- culations. He is very retiring, talks but little, is a good listener, but clear in his ideas of right and w mng and firm in maintaining 842 RED KIl'KR V.KLLEY AND tliem. He is generous almost to a fault, and in anything in wliicli he beheves he is ready to back his acts with iiis money, so far as lie is able; a true and lirm friend to those who gain his confidence — and many ai'e the men in good circumstances and |)i'oniinenl positions, in different parts of the country, who are indeljted for them to his early aid and assistance. ITe is averse to undue disjilay and also notoriety, disliking anything which smacks of " fuss and feathers," and dreads to appear before the public, unless his duties or the necessities of the work upon which he is engaged require it. He is never so happy as when at his country home, on Lake Chamjilain, sur- rounded by his charming-family, and joining in all the details of their plans and schemes with the greatest pleasure. At ditl'ercnt times he has been actively engaged in political matters, but always refusing to accept any office of any kind, pz'eferring to aid those whom he deemed capable of filling public stations. Arriving at his majority when the old whig party was prominent, his first vote wag cast for its nominees, and he continued identified with it until it was succeeded by the republican party, to which he has since belonged. lie understands thoroughly all the great politi- cal issues which have agitated the country for the last forty years, as well as the great commercial questions which involve the busi- ness and prosperity of these United States. Few men have had a more extensive ac- quaintance and knowledge in the last genera- tion of the ]irominent men of the nation, whether in politics or business. lie is an active member of the Protestant Episcopal church, liaving been brought up in it from childhood, the house in which he was born in Arlington, \^ermont, being the one occupied by his grandfather, Nathan Canfield, the lay delegate to the first conven- tion of the Diocese of Vermont, which was orjranized at Arlinolon in 1790. He was baptized in infancy in the old original church at Arlington by "Priest Bronson," one; of the first clergymen in A'ermont, and con- firmed by Pisliop IIo])kins in St. Paul's church, P)Urlington, Good Friday, 184S. He was for many years a vestryman and warden of St. Paul's church, had charge of the en- largement of the church in 1802, raising the money for it, and again in ISOS in building the transept, devoting much time as well as money. He has attended every convention of the Diocese of Vermont for thirty -seven years, twent\'-eight of which he has been tlie secretary' of it. For several years he was a member of the standing committee of the diocese, and also represented it as deputy in the five general conventions of the ciiurch in the United States, held in Philadelphia in 1856, in Richmond, Virginia, in lS5it, in Xew York in 1874, in Boston in 1877, and in f'lii- cago October, 1880. Of the original incorporators and trustees of the Vermont Episcopal Institute, char- tered in 1854, he and the Hon. E. J. Phelps, the present United States Minister at the Court of St. James, are the only survivors. He has been the resident trustee ever since, having charge of its affairs, and as treasurer for the last twenty-five years. He was closely identified with the late Bishop Hop- kins in the negotiations for the 100 acres at Kock Point, Burlington, Vermont, for an Episcopal residence and church schools, and in the erection of the large stone building for tiie theological and academical de})art- ments. During the last two years he iias been very active and instrumental in raising §60,000 for the buildings for the young ladies' department, and has hail full charge of the erection of them upon the same property. There is probably nothing which Mr. Canfield has done in his whole life in which PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA. 843 he has takon more interest, or regards of more importance, than theerectionof "Bisiiop Hopkins' Hall," at Burlington, Vermont, for the purpose of a church school for young hi(lies,not only on account of thehigh standard of intellectual, scientific and classical instruc- tion maintained therein, but especially for the moral and religious culture which the jtupils will receive througli the elevating influences and Christian training of the church. Considering the positions these young ladies may be called upon to occupy in different parts of our wide-spread land hereafter, whether as teachers, wives or mothers, their influence upon the civ- ilization and improvement of the c'om- munity where their lot may be cast must necessarily reflect the training and instruction received at their Alma Mater, and constitute a continual living force for all time to come, the usefulness of which to society, the church and future generations can not be estimated by any human mind. Around a refined and well-ordered home, the center of which is the wife and mother, cluster the most intense affections and endearments of all — on them, under God, depend the most precious interests of the rising generation. The most persuasive and active influence in every religious work rests in their hands, and without them in these degenerate days we should have neither church, minister nor people, and how import- ant then that their education have for its foundation the Christian religion. Mr. Canfield regards the establishment of this institution as the climax of liis life's work ; and although perhaps of not as much magnitude in the estimation of the public as some other things which he has done, yet the real intrinsic good which it will confer upon mankind will be constant and perpet- ual ; a high and important destiny awaits it — it will be a fitting exjKmcntof the refined and elevated influence of our church institu- tions, maintaining that thoroughness of intellectual, scientificand Christian education, whose solidity of structure and completeness of proportions will cause it to harmonize with all the beauty and grandeur of the teachings of the church, as does the build- ing itself with the beauty and grandeur of the magnificent and extended scenery by which it is surrounded. He has so managed the finances of this cor- poration that the Diocese of Vermont has now this beautiful projjcrty on the banks of Lake Champlain, of 100 acres, with an epis- copal residence, a large stone Iniilding for the theological de])ai'tnient and boys' school, and another of equal dimensions for the young ladies' school, both in successful o]iei'- ation, and the whole paid for — not a dollar of debt outstanding or any lien upon the property. He was luainly instrumental in raising the money for building Trinity cliai)el, Winooski, Vermont, the plan being pre[)ared b}' his brother in-law, the Rev. Dr. Hopkins, as was also that of the Episcopal church at Brainerd, Minnesota, which he founded, furnishing the block on which it stands and half the money for the building. He also furnished the sites for the churches at Moor- head and Lake Park. Minnesota, r>isniarck, Dakota, and Kalania, Washington Territory, and assisted in Iniilding the churches. How- ever mucii he nuiy be absorbed in business, he alwa3'S finds time to attend to the church and its interests. Few men have ever had a more busy life, which from present indicaticms is likely to continue in the same way to the end ; and he probably will, as he says he expects to do, "die in the harness." As the writer pens the closing sentences of the life history of this truly great man, a newspaper, the Mandiester Journal, one of the leading journals of Vermont, falls into his hands, eoiilaining an article which forms 844 RED RIVER VALLEY AA'D a fitting conclusion for tliis biography, illus- trating the standing of Mr. Cantiekl in liis native State, the respect in which he is held and tlio jtrominence he has attained. The Rev. Dr. Wickliani referred to in tlie article, one of the most able men in Vermont, suc- ceeded Dr. rolenian as principal of Burr Seminary for tiiirty years. He had evi- dently written concerning an article on tiie Northern Pacific Kailroad, for the Manchester Journal says : " Rev. Dr. Wick- ham sends us a note, saying that he was very greatly intei'csted in the article on the Northern Pacilic Railroad. Thomas II. Canlield was a student at Burr Seminary just before Dr. Wickham came here, fifty-one years ago, but the doctor was well acquainted with him before he left Arlington, and went down thereat liis solicitation and gave a tem- perance lecture to an association formed mainly by the efTorts of Mr. Canlield, then considerably less than twenty years of age. Dr. AVickliam was then greatly impressed with his energy and fornietl high hopes for the future of the young man, which have not been disappointed. Dr. Wickliam adds : ' If Burlington can boast of her Edmunds, the leader of the United States senate, and of Phelps, the eminent jurist and distin- guished representative at the Court of St. James, slie has not anotlier citizen that has honored iier more than Thomas H. Canlield.'" aENRY H. wells, of I^forris, Minne- sota, is president of the Stevens County Bank, and is also engaged in the mer- cantile business, having interests at various ])oints near Morris. He was born in Upper Canada in 1851, and is a son of A. Wells. On attaining his majority he came to Min- nesota and located in Scott county. He removed to Stevens count}* in 1872, and has since resided tliere. He has represented his district in both upper and lower house of the Minnesota leiiislature. AD J -EK T J SEMEN TS. 845 ^JV D. STEPHENS, a Minnesota born boy, does a large Real Estaik and Fari[ Loan Businkss AT THE ® T. PAUL, MINNEAPOLIS AND MANI- TOBA RAILWAY traverses the Eed River Vaij.kv and Park Regions of Minnesota. Maintains a niair- nificent train service. Elegant Dining Cars, CROOKSTON, MINNESOTA. FROM HIS OWN STATEMENT HE IS A PRETrY GOOD FELLOW AND HOPES TO GET A REPUTATION AS AN ANCESTOR. CORRESPONDENT CORBIN KANKIXC; VO. Palace Sleeping Cars, AND Free Colonist Sleepers. . THE ^ ORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD IS THE Great thorouglifare of freight and travel to the Pacific Northwest. Its main lines and brandies extend tiiroughout all por- tions of the Red River Valley AND Park Regions. The ecjuipnient of this road is nnsurjiassed. -v«>!; j 'J ^^^T'^'^^^i^^y^^^ /C e/i H 46 78 'M Lb Aa '06 V^' •f^- ■^J^r<< J- . - ■ o >: ,v'«-' ■,' V^ -^V. V ^-^0^ V ... "^ V '^^ "*>. C, vP of "^ •*•_ o >'' .•l o » o , "^ ,. ^* ■J • -5-,.^^ A 9^ ,-:>■ »V' -^^^ V r'V. NT'S .^''"^• .■^ c " " ° ♦ '<*^ ^^ .0 v->-. ..^ .V ^^0^ .•^<^ • o , .# \/ 'V .V /•r^j? ''i," -■«- ..^" a.~i "^- •p. ■f^. DK t7 N MANCHESTER. INDIANA