Book__icl 2 
 
 ?b^ 
 
ADDRESSES 
 
 On th3 Consideration of Resolutions Relative to the Death of 
 
 Abraham l^iurolUt 
 
 PresiAent of the United Staiee, 
 
 I'ELlVElthli l.\ THI-. 
 
 House of Representatives of Pennsylvania, 
 
 jrA.ITXJ^A.I^"5r S3, 1Q00, 
 
 SWDETIIEK Mini lilt 
 
 Ijtist Iimuf/Hntf .iihtrcfiti o/ J'rr.itffriif LiU'Culn. 
 
 H A R 11 1 S 13 U K G : 
 
 KINHBRLY i MYEUS, 8TATE I'ttlNTEftS, 
 18t)G. 
 
 tj.Xr^ 
 
ADDRESSES 
 
 On the Consideration of Resolutions relative to the death of 
 
 Jtlivaham ^inrdiu 
 
 President of the United States, 
 
 bBLIVERBD IN TUE 
 
 House of Representatives of Pennsylvania, 
 
 Cr J^l<T TJ A. Tl^ S3, iseQ. 
 
 TOGETHER WITH THE 
 
 LAST INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 
 
 . i*4<»w 
 
 )4 
 
 n ARRISBURQ: 
 
 9INGERLY A MYERS, STATE PRINTERS. 
 
 186b. 
 
In the House op Representatives, 
 January 25, 1866. 
 
 " On motion of Me. M'PherriS, 
 "Resolved, That two thousand copies of the last Inaugural Address of the lamented Lincoln, lato Freed 
 dent of the United States, and the resolutions adopted at the special session of the 23d inst., together with 
 the address of the gentleman from Philadelphia, Mr. Kuddiman, and the remarks of the gentlemen from 
 Cambria, Potter and Lawrence, oa said resolutions, be printed in pamphlet form, for the use of the mem- 
 be;5f 0/ tliiB House." 
 
ADDRESSES. 
 
 House of Representatiyes, 
 January 23, 1866. 
 
 ^Ir. RUDDIMAN. Mr. Speaker, in pursuance of the order 
 of this House, fixing for to-night a special session, I beg leave 
 to offer the following resolutions : 
 
 Whereas, Since the last session of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, 
 Abraham Lincoln, the President of the United States, was most foully mur- 
 dered : 
 
 And whereas, In consideration of his high oflBce, which he filled with so 
 much wisdom and adorned with so much purity, and of the distinguished 
 virtues which composed and enriched his character, it is proper that this 
 House of Representatives should record their appreciation of his goodness, 
 their sorrow at his loss, and their abhorrence of the frightful crime by 
 which the Chief Magistrate of the nation was stricken to death : 
 
 Be it resolved, That in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, were cog- 
 nize one of the natural results of that spirit of rebellion by which our land 
 has been cursed and our citizens slain — a spirit that regarded neither na- 
 tional duties nor social obligations, and to which alike the solemnity of an 
 oath and the sacredness of human life addressed themselves in vain. 
 
 Resolved, That the late President of the United States so sat in his place 
 of honor and administered its exalted functions, as to win the confidence of 
 his people and the admiration of the world ; leaving a name of unsullied 
 brightness and a fame of imperishable splendor. He was a statesman, wise 
 and incorruptible ; a patriot, earnest and self-devoted ; a leader of clear 
 discernment and foreca.st, and a ruler most l)enignanl where the calls of 
 mercy might persuade, but ever just and firm where truth and the right 
 
demanded. His life was full of excellence and beautj, and truly illustrated 
 the gentle and guileless dispositions of his heart, and the high order and 
 reach of his intellect. 
 
 Resolved, That during the four years of conflict in which the heart and 
 head of the martyred President were burthened with the cares of a nation's 
 destiny, he bore himself in his great office with the calm courage of a hero, 
 the serene patience of a prophetic sense, and the dignified hopefulness of a 
 Christian. No pergonal interests could detach him from the work that 
 weighed upon him ; no causes of despondency could shake his faith in the 
 right or in the final triumph of his country's cause. To that country he 
 gave the love and service of his soul, and for its continued greatness and 
 glory he thought and toiled through the days and nights of four dark and 
 weary years. lie was the exponent and apostle of its grand principle of 
 freedom and progress, and he has made his own name immortal, and that 
 principle forever sure, by doing battle for it in his life, and sanctifying it by 
 his death. 
 
 Resolved, That the gracious qualities of Abraham Lincoln were shown 
 in most radiant lustre when, in the dawning of a brighter day and at the 
 close of the fearful night which had so long hung over our land, he spoke 
 words of fatherly tenderness and forbearance for those who deserved only 
 the rigors of severe justice : and the assassin's monstrous villainy is the 
 more black and fiendish from the fact, that in that very hour the great heart 
 of the President was seeking means of safety and forgiveness for those who 
 hated and reviled him. 
 
 Resolved, That the character and example of Abraham Lincoln are the 
 sacred heritage of a free people ; and as years add grandeur and might to 
 our country's career, so Avill they give a richer perfume and a brighter halo 
 to the name and memory of our fallen but glorious chieftain, second to none 
 upon the pages of the world's history — first of all in a redeemed nation's 
 gratitude and love. 
 
 The resolutions being of the nature of a bill, were read twice, 
 and the question before the House being on the final passage of 
 the same. 
 
Mr. KUDDIMAN said— 
 
 Mr. Speaker: — Althoiii;]i nine months arc over-past since mil- 
 lions of hearts were startled and shocked by the dread announce- 
 ment that a murdered President was lying at the Capital of the na- 
 tion ; and although the first sad, keen, deep sorrow of a mournino- 
 l^eople has become subdued, and we can contemplate with better 
 judguKMit, with clearer reason, than we could when the passion of 
 tears was upon us, the character of the President, and the awful 
 crime, too, that made "the deep damnation of his taking off:"— 
 though these months have intervened, and we can consider after 
 all this series of days has passed, thus more clearly, thus with 
 calmer temper, thus without the strong emotions of grief, which 
 were exhibited at the moment of that awful event, yet it is no 
 less becoming in us, the Keprcsentatives of tlie people of Pennsyl- 
 vania now, than it would have been then, to make public expression 
 of our estimate of the worth and excellence of so exalted a man ; 
 to put upon record the utterance of our grief at his loss, and our 
 horror at the fearful means which laid the ruler of a free people 
 low in death. I say it is fit and appropriate tliat this expression 
 should be made. It is most fit and suitable that it should be made 
 by the Representatives of Pennsylrania,here sitting in their assem- 
 bled dignity ; carrying with them in charge, the confidence and 
 the trust; speaking for the intelligence and tlie honor of our 
 people, and doing justice to the loyalty, the greatness, and the 
 patriotism of the Commonwealth of our pride and love, here il- 
 lustrated and represented. It is most proper and becoming, that 
 Pennsylvania should stand high — thus recording her appreciation ; 
 that Pennsylvania should bow low — thus testifying her sorrow ; 
 for ^^hen the voice of the dead chieftain first rung out upon the 
 air, calling to arms, announcing that the country was in danger, that 
 men of malice and of fore-sworn oaths and violated obli<,^ations, 
 were setting at defiance the laws of the land, and were hurling 
 threats at the safety and perpetuity of our institutions ; Pennsyl- 
 vania rushed foremost, her brave and willing heroes took the first 
 rank, and numbered earliest in the field with the soldiers for the 
 
6 
 
 Union, were the valiant sons of Pennsylvania. She has ever con- 
 ducted herself with such a spirit ; high in her loyalty, glorious in 
 her name, strong in her prowess for the Union, the Government 
 and its sacred liberties. Pennsylvania has renown which other 
 nations of the world might envy. And Pennsylvania should come 
 to do honor, therefore, to the memory of the Chief, at whose 
 voice she hastened into battle, and under whose rule she sat in 
 confidence, knowing that he would do only what was right, be- 
 cause in his purpose, or from his heart, he was incapable of doing 
 wh^t was wrong. And thus, Mr. Speaker, I repeat, it is most ap- 
 pro L)riate that Pennsylvania should write her lofty tribute to the 
 pure character and noble qualities of the great dead ; and that 
 she should express, with imfeigned utterance, her sorrow at his 
 death. It has fallen to my lot, sir, — to my very humble ability, — to 
 speak partially for my State in this solemn and mournful duty; 
 to speak my own sentiments, to speak for those who sent me here, 
 to speak, I doubt not, for every one of my brethren on that side 
 of the House, and on this ; representing, as they do, a people who 
 admired and loved Abraham Lincoln while he lived, and who 
 mourned for him when he was gone. I could wish that the per- 
 formance of this duty had been entrusted to worthier hands. — 
 How presumptuous it seems to me, that I should attempt to 
 measure goodness which I can only look at to admire in the dis- 
 tance. How vain to even try to indicate a character so beautiful 
 and grand as his ! But it is my duty representing, in so far as I do^ 
 the State of Pennsylvania, to do respect to the mournful purpose 
 of this hour; and if my effort be feeble; if my words breathe 
 not in harmony with the spirit and power of the subject, it is not 
 because I did not love the man and do not revere his sacred mem- 
 ory, but because I cannot reach the need of this high occasion, 
 and am so unfitted for the burthen of this office. 
 
 A little less, I think, than five years ago, I was in the crowded 
 streets of Philadelphia. The day was bright, the skies were clear, 
 rich music was sending its melody abroad, and throngs of excited 
 people were hurrying to and fro — a new President was in the 
 
city passinj? on to the capital of the nation, where ho should take 
 upon him the offices of State. An untried man — an unknown 
 man — yet one, who, because of his lofty functions and a name 
 that was now invested with so much of dignity, because of his dis- 
 tinguished place, was thus sought after, thus crowded upon, thus 
 welcomed with acclaim by the people in the streets of Philadel- 
 phia. I was among that eager and hurrying multitude. I saw 
 that man unknown to me ; perhaps unknown to all who looked 
 upon him ; and yet all were willing to testify respect to him, upon 
 whom the people's choice had been cast as their Chief Magistrate. 
 That was little less than five years ago. A little less than one 
 year ago, I was again in the crowded streets of Philadelphia. — 
 How again tlicy were thronged ; how the countless busy feet were 
 tramping and marching ! But it was not now to behold a new 
 President ; it was to gaze in sadness and tears upon the corse of 
 a dead mart}T. It was not to welcome a living man ; it was to 
 do reverence, with bowed head, and aching heart, and streaming 
 eyes, beside the cold and evermore silent tenement of the fallen 
 great. 
 
 I had come to Harrisburg with some of my brethren of the 
 House of Representatives, to escort the remains of the President 
 from this city to Philadelphia. We saw that form lying here in 
 Death's dread state ; we stood around it as mourners at the bier of 
 one beloved ; the chaste, suggestive and beautiful drapery of grief 
 was hung in this Hall ; and the scene was most solemn, toucliing 
 and impressive. We followed the corpse to the car, and were 
 permitted the privilege of journeying on the train which bore 
 those honored remains to our city. As we passed along the way, 
 we saw many groups of men and women — strong men, unused to 
 tears, bending their heads and sorroMing — women, whose gentle 
 sympathies are always true and pure, weeping the attestation of 
 their anguish and love ; and we wept in common with them. 
 Thus we passed to the city, where four years before the chieftain 
 had been met with a joyous welcome ; and now we followed slowly 
 in the line, as he was carried towards his last earthly resting 
 
8 
 
 place. What a change in the scene ! To us, from radiant mid- 
 day to starless night ; To Him, from Earth to Heaven ! 
 
 Mr. Speaker, not to dwell on these painful incidents, but to 
 speak with somewhat of directness to the appropriate subject be- 
 fore the House, let me refer for a little while to the distinctive 
 elements of the character of the great man to whose merits, and 
 the singular beauty of whose life, we bear witness to-night. 
 
 He was a great man and a good man. Great, not because he 
 bore the envied titles of life-long place ; not great because he 
 boasted of a proud and renowned ancestry; not great because he 
 carried with him the certificate of the schools telling to the world 
 how versed he stood in all the learning, philosophy and lore that 
 could be imparted by their teachings ; not great because his pow- 
 ers had compelled the fame of splended oratory; not great because 
 he held a high place among the ranks of those around whom 
 breathes poetic praise. Not great because of these. Not good, be- 
 cause sending forth his gifts to the world with an open hand, he 
 told the world himself that he was of large and liberal beneficence, 
 and therefore good ; not good because he made the world to know 
 that his was a heart, by his own declarations and his own assu- 
 rance, bearing naught but love and mercy and tenderness to all 
 mankind ; not because he distributed broadcast the generous char- 
 ities of humanity. No, sir ; there is a greatness exceeding such 
 as these. There is a goodness nobler than that found in the com- 
 mon charities of life, or in the ostentatious endowments of wealth. 
 He was great in this excelling sense of greatness ; he was good 
 in this nobler term of goodness. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln, sir, Avas great because he was a patriot. — 
 How his heart swelled and his life beamed and was animate and 
 resplendent with the love of country, burning deep in his soul. 
 How firm and unwavering in the constancy of his devotion to 
 that country. How, through anxious, toil-worn days, through 
 troubled wakeful nights, Abraham Lincoln — not self-declared 
 with word of mouth, but self-]3roved in the deeds and purposes 
 of his strong and manly life — ever bore himself an unfaltering 
 
9 
 
 patriot — true, earnest, self-devoted, consecrated to the country 
 which gave him birth ; to that country which demanded the best 
 services of her loyal son, while she was passing through the an- 
 guish and terror of her almost death struggle ! Her altar was the 
 holy shrine on wliich his affections were lf\id ; and there he min- 
 istered — first a priest to bless, and then a sacrifice to save. 
 
 lie was great, because he was a patriot of this loftiest order; 
 a patriot of this self-yielding, self-sacrificing spirit. 
 
 He was great, sir, because he was a statesman — not a statesman 
 in the little cunning and pretensions of diplomacy — not a states- 
 man in the wiles and shifts of tlie politician — but a statcsman|whose 
 eye and comprehension wc^re as far-reaching and as broad as the 
 destiny of tlie nation itself; a statesman who understood pro- 
 foundly the theory and nature of its government and who mea- 
 sured its every need; a statesman whose judgment took in, with 
 full grasp, all the emergencies of his country and knew what was 
 fittest in its darkest hour of perplexity and fear. Such a states- 
 man was Abraham Lincoln. Not the shallow diplomatist ; not 
 the crafty politician, but the informed, the elevated, the noble and 
 sagacious man ; the honest, consistent, well judging ruler, wlio saw 
 what was best in trial and what would soonest bring peace out of 
 trial. Such, in few and inadequate words, was his greatness as a 
 statesman. 
 
 He was great for his wisdom. How wise a man he was ! How 
 much, sir, in the kind simplicity and graceful frankness of his 
 heart, he was like a child ; and yet, in the glorious strength and 
 stature of his intellect, how like a giant! A man of that wisdom, 
 for^eeing with almost the sense of prophecy, fortclling with almost 
 the certainty of prediction. We thouglit sometimes that the man 
 was wild, dealing in strange vagaries, but we saw not the end as 
 his clear mind perceived it ; and yet, as the march of his announce- 
 ments and of his calm convictions went forward to fulfillment 
 with the march of events, and they came together at length, 
 blended in wondrous harmony, every one confessed what intelli- 
 gence, like almost to inspiration, was there, and of what sublime 
 
10 
 
 wisdom the mind of Abraham Lincoln was eomposed. Truly 
 he was great because he was wise. 
 
 He was great, sir, because he was just. Oh, how he stood 
 in his high office amid the cruel sneers and revilings of men ; 
 and yet how just he was to its every claim — ^how true to its every 
 demand. Not one of its responsibilities escaped his grave acknow- 
 ledgment, not one of its solemn obligations was avoided. Per- 
 sonal injury could not turn him from the right ; personal interes- 
 could not urge him to the wrong. 
 
 So fixed in him, and essential to his being, were the principles 
 of truth ; so directed were all his acts by the rule of an illumi- 
 nated conscience ; so unstained by the base tincture of sordid pas- 
 sions or of a selfish will, were the motives which gave force and 
 bearing to his daily life, that he must have become false to him- 
 self to be persuaded to any course of conduct by other suggest 
 tions than those of the clearest rectitude, or afi'ected by other 
 inducements than such as must be sanctioned by the unbending 
 precepts of integrity. He could rot deceive, for deception was 
 a loathsome thing to his generous apprehensions ; he could not 
 betray, for the meanness of treachery and falsehood was abhor- 
 rent to his nature ; but when his confidence was once gained, and 
 his word once given, he^was to be relied upon without question, 
 and was as sure and steadfast as the everlasting hills. He was 
 considerate, and true, and just, alike to friend and foe. 
 
 And Me. Lincoln was a great man, sir, because he was a cour- 
 ageous man. In the face of opposition and denunciation the most 
 vehement and violent and without reason, he moved in his high ca- 
 reer with^a straightforward purpose, and that placidjself-conscious- 
 ness which knew that the right would assert itself ere long, and 
 that approval be rendered to him which men either spitefully 
 withheld or could not, with their slow vision, recognize as his due. 
 Though misunderstood by friends, who interpreted the broad and 
 far-extending decisions of his intellect, within the lines of their 
 own narrow and short sighted coimsels ; and though maligned by 
 enemies who interpreted him not at all, but covering their igno- 
 
11 
 
 ranee and shallowness with the easy garb of a sneer, made him the 
 mark of their low derision and the tlieme of their ribald jests ; yet he 
 dared to pursue his diiect and honest way, hoping for a kindlier 
 spirit in some, abetter intelligence in others, and leaving'all to that 
 vindication of himself and his deeds which time and results would 
 proclaim. From the appalling work committed to him, he did not 
 swerve either for ease or for expediency. To its accomplishment he 
 brought the earnest hands and the resolute nerve needed for the 
 almost superhuman task ; and rising, with every fresh occasion 
 to the supremest altitude of duty, he went serenely on to victory, 
 and conquered, where other men would have sunk over-mastered 
 and defeated. 
 
 And in all these, what qualities of greatness made up the char- 
 acter of our President ! This is the kind, sir, it occurs to me, 
 that is of that excelling greatness — great above the schools ; great 
 above ancestry, renown and honors ; great above all the mere in- 
 cidents of title and of place, which give most distinction and credit 
 with the world ; great because grown and uplifted into greatness 
 himself by the very powers and majesty of his genius. These 
 make Abraham Lincoln great in an excellent degree. 
 
 lie was a good man, sir. And to be good, as he was, is to be 
 great. Saying that Abraham Lincoln was a good man, is saying 
 nothing less nor more than that he was a great man. He was 
 good because of his virtues. How his daily life was radiant, and 
 beautiful, and clear with the virtues of his nature ! How unsullied 
 every page of his illustrious career! How true to the best instincts 
 and impulses of humanity ! How acquitted in every conscientious 
 discharge of duty, whether to himself or to his fellows ! How 
 pure, how correct, what a model for us all ! He was a good man 
 because he was a virtuous man. 
 
 He was good, sir, because of his earnest, out-gushing hun.anity, 
 AVhat a tender heart the great and good President of the people 
 possessed ! Neither the sharp requitals of anger, nor the slow re- 
 sentments of malice, could mingh; with the current of his wide- 
 reaching philanthrophy. No appeal could be made to him even 
 
12 
 
 by those who had injured and reviled him — no appeal could be 
 made to his humanity and mercy, that was not answered with the 
 soft response "that turneth away wrath," and enforced by the 
 willing act which does good even where evil has been received. 
 Such was the overflowing kindness of this good man's heart. 
 Permit me to illustrate it by a single incident. On a certain 
 day, at an hour early in the morning, Mr. Lincoln was waited 
 upon by a person, who announced himself as being in great trou- 
 ble and haste, and desiring an interview with the President. Mr. 
 LiNCjOLN, as was his custom when thus sought after, though per- 
 haps enjoying repose — much needed repose, after the many weary 
 hours of his labor — as was his custom, he attended upon the 
 gentleman, and learned that his request was of moment. Said 
 the person, " Mr. Lincoln, I have been opposed to you in poli- 
 tics, I have spoken harsh things about you, I have done what I 
 could to wound you ; I want to be frank and tell you the truth ; 
 T have not deserved consideration at your hands ; but, sir, I am 
 in great trouble, my heart is almost breaking ; my boy is con- 
 fined in prison and is under sentence of death ; and I cannot leave 
 this place, I cannot go home to the mother of my child and tell 
 her there is no hope of his deliverance ; what, what shall I do, 
 Mr. President 1 I do not ask this with any claim, sir ; I do uot 
 ask it as deserving it of your hands ; but Oh, for God's sake, 
 give me some word of consideration and show to me some indi- 
 cation of pity, that I may bear back to my wife a token that the 
 President is merciful and has listened to my request." — Mr. 
 Lincoln, taking his hand, replied: "My dear sir, do not be 
 ureasy, do not be at all disquieted about this matter. I have 
 nothing to do now with what you have said about me, or done to 
 me. If I can show in the disposition of my heart towards you, 
 that I have a care for your boy, that I am touched with con- 
 cern for his welfare, let me show it to you in what manner I best 
 may," The person responded with tears in his eyes and thank- 
 fulness on his lips, acknowledging, with broken words, the kind- 
 ness of the President. Mr. Lincoln at once wrote out for him 
 
13 
 
 an order directed to the keeper of the jail, in which the prisoner 
 was lodged, and told the father to go and be of good cheer, his 
 boy shonld be released. And the son of the man who had done 
 the wrongs he had confessed, was saved from death. How he 
 ilhistrated in this gracions act the benign spirit of the Master, 
 who went abont doing good! Abused, ill-treated, ill-spoken of, 
 and yet returning good for evil and doing deeds of mercy where 
 another would have answered with impatience, or have retaliated 
 with the severest measure of vindictiveness. Abraham Lincoln 
 was a good man, because he was a humane and merciful man. 
 
 Best of all, sir, Abraham Lincoln was a good man, because he 
 was a christian. Not in the parade and outcry of over-much pro- 
 fession, but in the meek and quiet observance of the teachings and 
 example of the Saviour of men. His confidence in God was 
 unbounded, reliant, devout. From the moment of leaving his 
 home in the west to take his high station among the rulers of the 
 earth — from that hour he expressed his trust and dependence 
 upon God ; and his daily life showed forth the piety of his spirit, 
 and disclosed that he dwelt in intercourse with his Maker ; and 
 that his faith and hopes were in Him. It was the firm sentiment 
 and conviction of his heart ; it was the oft spoken confession of 
 his lips, that without that trust, without that confidence, without 
 the help of the Everlasting Arm, he must fail in the work of his 
 hands, and his imperilled country must fall. 
 
 These elements, Mr. Speaker, it seems to me, make up a char- 
 acter of lustrous splendor, of greatness, of goodness, that has 
 never been surpassed, and is seldom equalled ; and in all these 
 respects, the President, Patriot, Hero, Chribtian, to whose mem- 
 ory we are met to-night to do honor; was pre-eminently a great 
 and a good man 
 
 So much, sir, for the grand attributes, so far as I have dared 
 even to touch them, of this venerated and fallen chieftain. A 
 few words now, with the patient indulgence of the House, as to 
 the career of the President in his troublous term of office, and I 
 shall have ended my remarks. 
 
14 
 
 When Mr. Lincoln entered upon the discharge of his arduous 
 duties — duties that he had not been schooled in, for he had never 
 been brought up in close intimacy and intercourse with those who 
 held the reins of State, and controlled the affairs of Government ; 
 but when Mr. Lincoln first entered upon the discharge of these 
 duties, the sky was lowering with gloom and blackness ; the storm 
 was beginning to gather overhead; the mutterings of thunder 
 were making themselves heard, precursive of a wild and boister- 
 ous night, and the hearts of men began to tremble and quake 
 within them. It was a time which promised nothing but evil, an 
 hour which foreboded nothing but trial and struggle, and tempest 
 and danger to him who should sit at the head of the nation. But 
 Mr. Lincoln entered upon his duties hopefid, trustful, buoyant. 
 He stood in that high place through four eventful years. But 
 what anxious, burthened, toilsome years they were. Wonder was 
 it that the heart of the President through that long siege of con- 
 flict, and solicitude, and bitterness, was not crushed and broken 
 by the weight that oppressed it ! Wonder was it that his reason 
 was not rocked and rocked into the fearful vacancy of insanity, by 
 the tumultuous cares that dashed against it day and night, through 
 those terrible years of blood ! Wonder was it that he survived 
 them as he did! Wonder was it, that looking forward, he still 
 could see the gleams of peace in the distance — could see what 
 he knew to be the star of promise shining for him and for the 
 country that he loved ! He was urging his way through an angry 
 sea, commanding the ship of state in all these four years, and 
 never from his post. Shoals were about him, storms were beating 
 with a most terrific fury, the mad waters were lashing him on every 
 side ; there seemed to be nothing but darkness above and around ; 
 there were gale and tempest and tornado, and the threatenings of 
 the overwelming flood; and yet the great President, with watch- 
 ful eye and controlling hand, stood firm amid it all. There were 
 fires within the vessel's hold, and yet that giant heart, storm-beaten 
 but unfearful and unyielding, kept its place at the helm, deter- 
 mining to ride the ship to safety, or, if its timbers must burst and 
 
15 
 
 fall apart, then sink "vvith it to destruction. And while thcrc^ were 
 thns tempests "without, and while tlie flames of sedition were 
 burning within, the enemy abroad were hurling at him the shot 
 of tlieir neutral guns, thinking to break the grasp of that strong 
 right hand and unnerve that stalwart heart. Ihit it was among 
 things impossible*. He rode the ship gallantly along. He staid 
 by her in all her danger, and guided her through every hazard of 
 that mighty conflict; his greatness and goodness mantling over 
 all, and he himself, the master spirit and genius, giving lustre 
 and radiance, and shining out in purity amid the darkness and 
 peril that were on every hand. This was Abraham Lincoln, the 
 President of the United States, the towering man of might, 
 through all these years of strife, of labor and of blood. This 
 was the man, sir, against whom the red hot breath of envy hissed 
 its scorching blast. This was the man, sir, against whom the 
 language of hate was bitter and devilish. This was the man 
 at whom malice and slander were loud and riotous. This was the 
 man against whom the stretched out arm of detraction was cast- 
 ing its slime and filth — to wliat end ? Against the man wlio was 
 sa^'ing the country for those who hated him ; the man wlio was 
 preserving a Government that had been glorious, that it miglit be 
 perpetuated, glorious still, to the children of those who reviled 
 and decried him. Poor fools ! 
 
 "They did but flout their pointless arrows at the sun, 
 Which still, in full-orht-d majesty and 11. ht, 
 Kept hia unbroken way." 
 
 Why, he stood amid the buffetings as calm as the glory of the 
 noon-day; he stood amid the tempest of sneering, and scoffing, 
 and scurrilous derision, and lies, like an angel of light doing the 
 mission of mercy and the errand of God. How futile ! how vain ! 
 How like the harmless tossings of the frotliy Avaves against the 
 breast of the high -lifted and eternal rock ! 
 
 But this great man, so constant, so upright, through these four 
 weary years of struggle, through these four dreadful years of an 
 aching brain, and an anguislied heart, by and by came near the 
 end. The dawn was glimmering; the day was lighting up; the 
 
16 
 
 rest was just at hand ; and the heart of the good man, catching 
 the glory of the new morning, was speaking to itself, " peace, 
 peace, after long and heavy toil;" and to the wanderers and those 
 who had been in error and rebellion, sending out the accents of 
 forgiveness, after their desperate work. How his heart beat with 
 mercy; how it abounded in gentleness and goodness. And yet 
 even in that hour, when the ship of state was riding hito haven, 
 and when this pure man breathed the words of peace and love to 
 those who had mocked him and done him wrong — even then, 
 hatred must have a victim, and maUgnant and devilish wicked- 
 ness must have a sacrifice. And that victim, and that sacrifice 
 was found in him, the highest in the state, the lowliest in his hu- 
 mility, the most unbounded in his goodness and generosity. And 
 thus Abraham Lincoln fell, murdered, martyred, immortal ! 
 
 "Sore heart, so stopped when it at last bt-at high ; 
 Sad life, cut short just as its triumph came." 
 
 But is Abraham Lincoln dead^ Is the Magistrate of the United 
 States, who sank beneath the assassin's bloody hand, dead 1 No. 
 The form that bore his immortal part, lies in that western spot, 
 where the last radiance of day gilds the frontlet of evening and 
 kisses the hero's grave ; and it crumbles there — "ashes to ashes, 
 dust to dust." But Abraham Lincoln is not dead. His name, 
 his excellence, his character, his greatness, his goodness, his ex- 
 ample, his sweet mercy, and all the virtues of his brave lite, wdll 
 live, while ever the shining heavens are above us, or the earth 
 sends out God's rich fragance to bless and teach us. Be is not 
 deady hut livetJi! 
 
 Sir, from the old world and the new, voices of eulogy have 
 been wafted to the resting place of the great chieftain. From 
 thousands of hearts have come the mingled tributes of tears and 
 praii^e, and have hallowed and exalted the name and memory of 
 Abraham Lincoln. To all these richer offerings I add my simple 
 leaves of laurel and of evergreen, and lay them with reverent 
 humility and with sorrowing affection, at the tomb of the gentle, 
 the pure, the immortal martyr. 
 
 "And when shall cea?e to give its light the sun, 
 
 Wh. n life, and earth, and time, their race li;ive run, 
 
 Then Lincolm's fame will cease — with that of Wabhington." 
 
17 
 
 Mr. persuing said— ' 
 
 Mr. Speaker : — It is to mp, sir, a matter of regret that the 
 gentlemen from Pliiladelphia [Mr. Ruddiman] when, the other 
 day, he made the motion to liokl a session this evening for the 
 purpose of considerini^ the resohitions which have been presented 
 to the House, did not at that time present his resohitions in order 
 that they might be printed, and members have an opportunity of 
 reading them. AVe have heard them read, but it woukl be very 
 difficult, of course, to comprehend the entire series of resolutions 
 as they have been read. In this case it is necessary for me say 
 that I have not risen to make any formal speech or deliver any formal 
 eulogy upon President Lincoln. I am one of those who opposed 
 his election on both occasions when he was a candidate. I have 
 repeatedly, on the floor of this House, as gentlemen here well 
 know, deemed it my duty, in the discharge of the obligations of 
 a representative here, to oppose some of the measures of his ad- 
 ministration ; and yet, sir, I think I can say truthfully, and appeal 
 to the knowledge of every gentleman who has been associated 
 with me here, that I have always discussed the measures of his 
 administration in a proper spirit, and have never said anything 
 that could be construed into disrespect to the President of the 
 United States. 
 
 The time, I think, has not yet come, sir, when the measures of 
 Mr. Lincoln's administration can be impartially considered. That 
 must be the duty of the future historian. As Representatives 
 upon this floor, to-night, we find those who have been his warm, 
 his ardent and consistent supporters, who have cordially endorsed 
 every act of his administration, and we also find others who, whilst 
 they have endorsed some of the acts of his administration, have 
 just as honestly and conscientiously opposed many of the acts 
 which he deemed necessary for the suppression of the rebellion. 
 
 The month of April, 1865, Mr. Speaker, was emphatically the 
 most memorable month in the history of this nation. So many 
 and so important events never were crowded together in the his- 
 tory of any nation in the same space of time. The beginning of 
 
18 
 
 the month, as you will recollect, found the armies of Lee and 
 Grant confronting each other ; the armies of Johnston and Sher- 
 man in hostile array against each other ; Jefferson Davis, the 
 recognized President of the so-called Southern Confederacy, and 
 Abraham Lincoln, strong in the confidence of the people, as I 
 will admit, as was indicated by the large majority by which he 
 was elected over such a hero and statesman as George B. M'Clel- 
 LAN, was the acknowledged head of the nation. Before the end 
 of that month the armies of Lee had surrendered to Grant ; 
 Johnston and his army were prisoners in the hands of Sherman ; 
 Jefferson Davis was a fugitive, and President Lincoln a mur- 
 dered man ! Whilst our cannons were thundering, our towns il- 
 luminated, and the thanks of the people were ascending to Hea- 
 ven over the intelligence that the war was about ended by the 
 surrender of Lee, while the lightning was leaping along the wires 
 cheering the hearts of all with this intelligence, that same light- 
 ning was closely followed by the sad and startling news that the 
 President had been assassinated within the very walls of the capi- 
 tal. I trust, sir, that such a dark spot in our history may never 
 occur again so long as we are a people. 
 
 Mr. Speaker, we can, to some extent, appreciate the emotions 
 which must fill the soul of every American citizen as he stands 
 beside the grave of the murdered President. As you stand by 
 the tomb of Washington at Mount Vernon, or by the grave of 
 Jefferson at Monticello, or look upon the spot where sleeps the 
 lion-hearted Jackson at the Hermitage, strange emotions thrill 
 the heart; and yet, Washington, Jefferson and Jackson died 
 peacefully in their homes, and were permitted, from their dying- 
 couches, to send out words of counsel and warning to their country- 
 men. President Lincoln was struck down suddenly by the hand 
 of the assassin, and this night fills a bloody grave. 
 
 But there is one thing, Mr. Speaker, in the history of President 
 Lincoln, which I can most cordially and will most willingly en- 
 dorse. At no time, even in the darkest period of that terrible 
 conflict through which we have passed so successfully, did Presi- 
 
19 
 
 dent Lincoln countenance, for one moment, the idea tliat any State 
 was out of the Union, or could be taken out of it. There is no 
 lino in any message of his ; no word in any proclamation ; no 
 public act or declaration that recognizes less than thirty-six stars 
 upon the national banner. For this, sir, I can most cordially 
 thank him this night. 
 
 So far as his Unionism was concerned, I was his ardent sup- 
 porter ; and, Mr. Speaker, not to detain the House any longer, if 
 I were called upon to write the epitaph which should mark his 
 monument, I could think of no nobler words, none more befitting 
 his character, none better adapted to our present situation, than 
 the closing words of his second inaugural address : " With malice 
 toward none, with charity to all, with firmness in the right as God 
 gives us to see the riglit, let us strive on to finish the work we 
 are in ; to bind up the nation's wounds ; to care for him who shall 
 have borne the battle, and for his widow and orphans ; to do all 
 which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among 
 ourselves, and with all nations." 
 
 These are noble w^ords, words entirely worthy of the Ameri- 
 can statesman, words of the man, who at that moment, more than 
 at any other period of his life, was the centre of the hopes and the 
 fears of millions of people. They are w^ords of charity, of hope- 
 fulness and of counsel. And if the spirit of our public councils 
 can now be guided by these words, then the restoration of these 
 States to all their constitutional relations is near at hand. But if 
 that spirit is disregarded and trampled upon, no man can predict 
 what troubles tlie future wuU bring upon us. 
 
 Mr. MANN said— 
 
 Since it was resolved to liold a session this evening to consider 
 resolutions in relation to the death of Ariiaham Lincoln, I have 
 been laboring under such, an indisposition in health, as entirely 
 to unfit me for any preparation whatever for a consideration of the 
 subject; yet the example of the gentleman from Cambria [Mr. 
 PEKsniNC] has induced mo to make a few remarks on this occa- 
 sion. And I heartily thank that gentleman for having entered 
 
20 
 
 into this discussion with so frank a spirit as he has shown. 
 
 The gentleman from Philadelphia [Mr. Ruudiman] has so ably 
 discussed these resolutions and the character of Abraham Lincoln, 
 that it would seem hardly proper for one so unused to addressing 
 public assemblies as myself, without any preparation, to attempt 
 to add a single word to what he has so ably said. I cannot, how- 
 ever, permit this occasion to pass without expressing, by way of 
 addition to the estimate which that gentleman has given of the 
 character and greatness of Abraham Lincoln, an idea which I 
 think he passed over somewhat lightly. 
 
 I may have a misapprehension of the true character of Abra- 
 ham Lincoln, but as I estimate it, it consists chiefly in his thorough 
 understanding of the spirit and declaratipns of the forefathers of 
 this country as to the right which this nation has to exist. If I 
 understand American history correctly, this nation had no right 
 to exist except as it lived up to the Declaration which our fore- 
 fathers put forward as the reason for their severing their connec- 
 tion with the mother country and establishing a nation of their 
 own. Now, what reason did they give to the world, what reason 
 did they advance as giving them a claim to the favor of God in 
 their attempt to establish a nation here 1 Why, that among cer- 
 tain self-evident truths were these : that all men are born free 
 and equal, that they are endowed with certain inalienable rights, 
 that among these inalienable rights are the right to life, the right 
 to liberty and the right to the pursuit of happiness ; and that to 
 maintain and establish these rights, governments are instituted 
 among men ; and that when any government fails to establish 
 these purposes, it is not only the right of the people, but it is 
 their duty to overthrow it. 
 
 Now, sir, if that be true, then this nation had no right to exist 
 when it failed to maintain and establish these inalienable rights. 
 And I feel that this was the greatness of Abraham Lincoln, that 
 he saw and felt this truth, that he realized that this nation was 
 not maintaining these inalienable rights, and that because of its 
 failure in this grand duty there was great danger that the nation 
 would cease to exist. And so feeling, so seeing with his prophetic 
 
21 
 
 vision, he brought the nation back to its original purpose. To 
 his natural strength of cliaracter are we therefore indebted for our 
 present position. Replying upon the right, by a simple proclama- 
 tion, by the scratch of his pen, he brought the nation to its origi- 
 nal stand-point, declaring by the authority wliicli lie held as Presi- 
 dent of the United States, that all men under the American flag 
 should henceforth and forever be free. 
 
 That, ^Ir. Speaker, I understand to be the true feature of 
 Abraham Lincoln's greatness. Because 'he saw that the nation 
 had departed from the principles upon which it was established 
 and had thereby forfeited its right to live, he determined to bring 
 it back to that original stand-point and thus re-assert, before God 
 and the world, its right to continued existence ; and by that sim- 
 ple proclamation of emancipation he brought it back in all its 
 purity, secured the favor of Heaven and vindicated the right of 
 the nation to exist forever, if it shall continue to maintain the 
 position secured for it by the goodness and greatness of Abraham 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Mr. M'KINLEY said— 
 
 We are not here to-night to deplore the loss of a great military 
 chieftain, one who has waded through seas of blood to reach a 
 throne and wear a crown, but we come here to pay our tribute to 
 the memory of the pure patriot, the wise statesman, the honest 
 man. In discussing the resolutions before the House, it may be 
 well to take a retrospective view of the history of our martyred 
 President. We find him a poor boy in. his western home, with- 
 out education or influential friends to aid or encourage him in his 
 onwarfl and upward course. But by his own untiring efforts, and 
 the force of his intellect, he ])laced himself in position of intlu- 
 ence and trust. We see him the brightest ornament of t])e bar, 
 the leader in the legislative halls of his adopted state. ^\c next 
 find him on the political rostrum, without a peer, advocating the 
 cause of justice and right, the able champion of the immortal 
 truths embodied in the Declaration of Independence, and soon, as 
 the hist choice of a free people, he is called to till the Pret-iden.- 
 
 tial chair, the highest and most exalted position in the gift of his 
 
22 
 
 countrymen. I would rather be President of these United 
 States than sway the sceptre of Imperial France. Called, as he 
 was, to administer the affairs of State under the most trying cir- 
 cumstances, how well he performed his part. He found an im- 
 poverished treasury, plundered arsenals, perjured officials, a fleet 
 scattered on distant seas, an army almost disbanded and eight 
 millions of people in open and avowed rebellion against his au- 
 thority; yet, with a firm hand, a cool head and an honest heart, 
 he stands like a rock in mid ocean, while the dark waves of re- 
 bellion dash and foam around him. Truly, Abraham Lincoln 
 was a great man. A man who was always faithful, always true 
 to his better instincts. A man Avhose mind took in at one grasp 
 all the great questions of the day, weighed them dispassionately, 
 and decided them so wisely, that his countrymen never wished a 
 decision of his reversed, a line erased or a word re-called. To 
 Abraham Lincoln, more than to any other man, are we indebted 
 for the peace and prosperity which has at last crowned our once 
 bleeding and distracted country. To him we owe the immortal 
 Proclamation of Freedom, which emancipated four millions of 
 bond men, and removed forever that dark blot which had so long 
 dimmed our country's escutcheon. An act which the whole civi- * 
 lized world applauded and which will perpetuate his memory for 
 all time to come. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln was not only a great statesman and a pure 
 patriot, but he was also a sincere Christian ; he gave to this na- 
 tion a religious tone which it never possessed before. 
 
 But while we commemorate his virtues, let us not forget that 
 his life was the last great sacrifice laid upon the altar of his 
 bleeding country. And never, since the day when " William 
 THE Silent " lay bathed in blood in his own audience chamber, 
 his noble heart pierced by the assassin's knife, has such a blow 
 fallen on any people. It came like the chill of death on the na- 
 tion's heart, in the hour of her rejoicing. Strong men grew pale, 
 and tears fell fast from eyes unused to weep. Hoary age and 
 lisping youth, alike mourned the loss of our beloved President. 
 
INAUGURAL ADDKESS 
 
 Of AJiliAHAM LIXCOLX, on the Occasion of his Sccontt Iiiangu- 
 ration as JPresitlciit of the I'nitcd St<itcs, JIarch 4, ISO.j. 
 
 Fellow-Countrymen : — At this second appearing to take the 
 oath of the Presidential office, there is less occasion for an ex- 
 tended address than there was at the first. Then, a statement, 
 somewhat in detail, of a course to be pursued, seemed fitting and 
 proper. Now, at the expiration of four years, during which pub- 
 lic declarations have been constantly called forth on every point 
 and phase of the great contest which still absorbs the attention 
 and engrosses the energies of the nation, little that is new could 
 be presented. The progress of our arms, upon which all else 
 chieiiy depends, is as well known to the public as to myself; and 
 it is, I trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all. With 
 high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured. 
 
 On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago, all thoughts 
 were anxiously directed to an impending civil war. All dreaded 
 it — all sought to avert it. While the inaugural address was being 
 delivered from this place, devoted altogether to saviny the Union 
 without war, insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy 
 it without war — seeking to dissolve the Union, and divide effects, 
 by negotiation. Both parties deprecated war ; but one of them 
 would make war rather than let the nation survive ; and tlie other 
 would accept war rather than let it perish. And the war came. 
 
 One-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not 
 distributed generally over the Union, but localized in the soutliern 
 part of it. These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful in- 
 terest. All knew that this interest was, somehow, the cause of 
 the war. To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest was 
 the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union, even 
 by war ; while the Government claimed no right to do more than 
 to restrict tlie territorial enlargement of it. Neither party ex- 
 pected for the war the magnitude or the duration which it has 
 
24 
 
 already attained. Neither anticipated that the cause of the con- 
 flict might cease with, or even before the conflict itself should 
 cease. Each looked for an easier triumph, and a result less fun- 
 damental and astounding. Both read the same Bible and pray to 
 the same God ; and each invokes his aid against the other. It 
 may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's 
 assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's 
 faces ; but let us judge not, that we be not judged. The prayers 
 of both could not be answered — that of neither has been answered 
 fully. The Almighty has His own purposes. " Woe unto the 
 world because of off'ences! for it must needs be that offences 
 come ; but woe to that man by whom the offence cometh." If 
 we shall suppose that American slavery is one of those offences 
 which, in the providence of God, must needs come, but which, 
 having continued through His appointed time. He now wills to 
 remove, and that He gives to both North and South this terrible 
 war, as the woe due to those by whom the offence came, shall we 
 discern therein any departure from those divine attributes which 
 the believers in a living God always ascribe to him % Fondly do 
 we hope — fervently do we pray — that this mighty scourge of war 
 may speedily pass away. Yet, if God wills that it continue until 
 all the wealth piled by the bondman's two hundred and fifty years 
 of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood 
 drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the 
 sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be 
 said " The judgments of the Lord are true and righteous alto- 
 gether." 
 
 With malice toward none ; with charity for all ; with firmness 
 in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to 
 finish the work we are in ; to bind up the nation's wounds ; to 
 care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, 
 and his orphan — to do all which may achieve and cherish a just 
 and lasting peace among ourselves, and with all nations. 
 
/